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HISTORY 


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MISSOURI 

From  the  Earliest  Time  to  the  Present; 

TOGBTHHR    WITH 

Sundry  Personal,  Eusiness  and  Protesslonal  SJ^etclies 

AND  FAMILY  RECORDS, 

Bbsides  a  Condensed   History   of  the  State 
OF  Missouri,  Etc. 


HjHitTSTE-A-TEX). 


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st.  louis  and  chicago: 
Thb  Goodsfebd  Publishing  Co. 


CHICAGO. 
JOHN   MORRIS    COMPANY,    PRINTERS. 


cii^-lO^^^'^ 


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PREFACE. 


This  volume  has  been  prepared  in  response  to  the  prevailing  and 
popular  demand  for  the  preservation  of  local  history  and  biography. 
The  method  of  preparation  followed  is  the  most  successful  and  the 
most  satisfactory  yet  devised — the  most  successful  in  the  enormous 
number  of  volumes  circulated,  and  the  most  satisfactory  in  the  general 
preservation  of  personal  biography  and  family  record  conjointly  with 
local  history.  The  number  of  volumes  now  being  distributed  seems 
fabulous.  Careful  estimates  place  the  number  circulated  in  Ohio  at 
50,000  volumes;  Pennsylvania,  60,000;  New  York,  75,000;  Indiana 
40,000;  Illinois,  40,000;  Iowa,  35,000;  Missouri,  25,000;  Minnesota, 
15,000;  Nebraska,  15,000,  and  all  the  other  States  at  the  same  pro- 
portionate rate.  The  southern  half  of  Missoui'i  has  as  yet  scarcely 
been  touched  by  the  historian,  but  is  now  being  rapidly  written. 

The  design  of  the  present  extensive  historical  and  biographical 
research  is  more  to  gather  and  preserve  in  attractive  form,  while  fresh 
with  the  evidence  of  truth,  the  enormous  fund  of  perishing  occiUTence, 
than  to  abstract  from  insufficient  contemporaneous  data  remote,  doubt- 
ful or  incorrect  conclusions.  The  true  perspective  of  the  landscape  of 
life  can  only  be  seen  from  the  distance  that  lends  enchantment  to  the 
view.  It  is  asserted  that  no  person  is  competent  to  write  a  philo- 
sophical history  of  his  own  time;  that,  owing  to  imperfect  and 
conflicting  circumstantial  evidence,  that  yet  conceals  instead  of  reveals 
the  truth,  he  cannot  take  that  correct,  unprejudiced,  logical,  luminous 
and  comprehensive  view  of  passing  events  that  will  enable  him  to 
di-aw  accurate  and  enduring  conclusions.  The  duty,  then,  of  a  histo- 
rian of  his  own  time  is  to  collect,  classify  and  preserve  the  material 
for  the  final  historian  of  the  future.  The  present  historian  deals  in 
fact;  the  future  historian  in  conclusion.  The  work  of  the  former  is 
statistical ;  of  the  latter,  philosophical. 

To  him  who  has  not  attempted  the  collection  of  historical  data, 
the  obstacles  to  be  surmounted  are  unknown.  Doubtful  traditions, 
conflicting  statements,  imperfect  records,  inaccurate  public  and  private 
coiTespondence,  the  bias  or  untruthfulness  of  informers,  and  the  gen- 
eral obscurity  which,  more  or  less,  envelops  all  passing  events,  com- 
bine to  bewilder  and  mislead.  The  publishers  of  this  volume,  fully 
aware  of  their  inability  to  furnish  a  perfect  history,  an  accomplishment 
vouchsafed  to  the  imagination  only  of  the  dreamer  or  the  theorist, 
make  no  pretension  of  having  prepared  a  work  devoid  of  blemish. 
They  feel  assui-ed  that  all  thoughtful  people,  at  present  and  in  future, 
will  recognize  and  appreciate  the  importance  of  their  undertaking, 
and  the  great  public  benefit  that  has  been  accomplished. 


QO 


IT 


PEEFACE. 


To  the  county  officials  of  both  Harrison  and  Mercer  Counties  and 
the  J  d  putles,  t^  .vhom  the  publishers  are  indebted  for  nmform  cu- 
tesy and  material  aid  in  research,  ^e  offer  expressions  of  gratitude 
to  the  gentlemen  of  the  press,  our  hearty  thanks  for  the  ^^^^^^]^'^l 
their  endorsement:  to  the  clerks  or  secretaries  of  varM^us  educations  , 
itera^  secret,  benevolent,  military  and  municipal  ^-^^-p-}^jf^'^,' 
acknow  edcmekts,  and  to  all  the  people,  to  whose  cordial  and  mtel^ 
Ugent  co-operation  the  success  of  th^s  work  is  due-  -^ J^f^^f'  *^«^ 
hSpe  and  belief  that  the  history  of  their  county  will  prove  authentic 
and  be  acceptable.  Much  valuable  information  has  been  gathered 
from  Hon  ff  J.  Heaston,  to  whom,  among  others,  the  publishers  feel 
specially  indebted.  With  the  assurance  that  our  promises  have  been 
more  than  fulfilled,  we  tender  this  fine  volume  to  oui-  patrons. 


THE    PUBLISHERS. 


rEBBUAEY,    1888. 


CONTENTS. 


PART  I.— HISTORY  OF  MISSOURI. 


PAGE. 

Attitude  of  Missouri  before  the  War 94 

ArticIeXV 147 

Amendments  to  the  State  Constitution 149 

Attorney  Generals 164 

Auditors  of  Public  Accounts 165 

Boone's  Lick  (."ouulry 61 

Black  Hawk  War 67 

Beginning  of  Civil  War 92 

Boonville 113 

Belmont 126 

Battle  of  Pea  Ridge 127 

Battle  of  Kirksville 130 

Battle  at  Independence 131 

Battles  of  Lone  Jack  and  Newtonia 132 

Battle  of  Cane  Hill 133 

Battles  of  Springfield,  Hartsville  and  Cape 

Girardeau 133 

Battles  in  Missouri,  List  of. 142 

Baptist  Church 159 

Clay  Compromise,  The 65 

Constitutional  Convention  of  1845 74 

Campaign  of  1861 113 

Carthage. 115 

Capture  of  Lexington , 123 

Campaign  of  1862 127 

Compton's  Ferry 131 

Campaign  of  1863 133 

Campaign  of  1864 137 

Centralia  Massacre 140 

Churches 159 

Christian  Church 159 

Congregational  Church 160 

Conclusion 197 

Dred  t^cott  Decision,  The 87 

Death  of  Bill  Anderson 141 

Drake  Constitution,  The 143 

Divisions  in  the  Republican  Party 147 

Dates    of  Organization  of   Counties    with 

Origin  of  ^ames.  etc 181 

Early  Discoveries  and  Explorers 44 

Early  Settlements „ 47 

Earthquakes  at  New  Madrid 58 

Enterprise  and  Advancement 62 

Events  Preceding  the  Civil  War 89 

Efforts  toward  Conciliation 104 

Emancipation    Proclamation    and    XHIth 

Amendment Ill 

Execution  of  Rebel  Prisoners 132 

Election  of  I8S4,  The 156 

Early  Courts,  The 157 

Episcopal  Church 160 

French  and  Indian  War 48 

Founding  of  St.  Louis,  The 49 

From  1785  to  1800 65 

First  General  Assembly 66 

Fremont  in  the  Field 125 

Friends'  Church 160 

Fire  at  St.  Louis,  The  Great 79 

Geology 12 

Gov.  Jackson  and  the  Missouri  Legislature    97 

Gov.  Crittenden's  AdmiDistration 151 

Governors 163 


PAGE. 

Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph  Railroad  Contro- 
versies   152 

Indian  and  Other  Races 42 

Israelite  Church 160 

Jackson  Resolutions,  The 80 

Judges  of  Supreme  Court 165 

La  Salle 46 

Louisiana.  District  and  Territory  of 56 

Louisiana  Purchased  by  the  United  Slates..    55 

Lewis  and  Clark's  Expedition 57 

Lutheran  Church 161 

Lieutenant-Governors '. 164 

Minerals  and  Mineral  Springs 23-38 

Manufacturing 39 

Marquette 45 

Missouri  a  Territory 69 

Mormons  and  Mormon  War,  The 71 

Mexican  War,  The 75 

^lartial  Law  Declared 123 

Murders  at  Gun  City 149 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church 161 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South 162 

Missouri's  Delegation  in  the    Confederate 

Congress 168 

Organization  of  Kansas  and  Nebraska 82 

Operations  against  Guerrillas 129 

Order  No.  11 134 

Officers  Previous  to  State  Organization 162 

Officers  of  State  Government 163 

Pontiac,  Death  of 51 

Public  and  Private  Schools 157 

Presidential  Elections 169 

Proclamation  by  Gov.  Jackson 105 

Resources 11 

Rock  Formation 15 

Railroads 40 

Revision  of  the  State  Constitution 150 

Representatives  to  Congress 166 

Rebel  Governors 169 

Soils,  Clays,  etc 13 

State  Organization 63 

State  Convention 64 

Seminole  War 68 

Secession 90 

Surrender  of  Camp  Jackson 98 

Slate  Convention,  The 109 

Springfield , 125 

Shelby's  Raid 137 

State  Constitutional  Convention 143 

Secretaries  of  State 164 

State  Treasurers 164 

Salaries  of  State  Officers 181 

I'niteri  States  Senators 166 

Votes  by  Counties  at  Presidential  Elections 

from  IS36  to  1884 171-181 

Wealth 41 

War  of  the  Revolution,  The 52 

War  with  Great  Britain  in  1812 60 

Western  Department,  The 117 

Wilson  Creek 118 

Year  of  the  Great  Waters 54 


VI 


CONTENTS. 


PART  II.— HISTORY  OF  HARRISON  COUNTY. 


PAGE. 

Andover ||2 

Akron ^'r 

Bloody  Deed  of  an  Insane  Man 285 

Bethany  Schools 319 

Bethany,  History  of 339 

Bethany's  Growth  and  Development 349 

Blytbedale 376 

Blue  Ridge 380 

Brooklyn °1" 

Bolton 383 

Bridgeport ^»J 

Cereals  of  Harrison  County 20C 

County  Organization 233 

County  Court  and  Proceedings,  The 234 

County  Seat  and  Public  Buildings 239 

Census  and  Statistics 250 

Courts  and  Bench  and  Bar 25o 

Crimes  and  Casualties 283 

Churches  of  Bethany p99 

Churches  of  Cainesville 305 

Churches  of  Eagleville  and  Vicinity 308 

Churches  of  Rid^eway 311 

Churches  of  Blytbedale 312 

Churches  of  Mount  Moriah 313 

Churches  of  New  Hampton 313 

County  Schools 317 

Cainesville  Schools o-^ 

Civil  War,  Preparation  for 326 

Cities  and  Towns 838 

Cainesville,  History  of 357 

Early  Settlement 209 

Early  Mills 215 

Early  and  Subsequent  Boundaries 233 

Early  Records 248 

Elliott  Fratricide,  The 284 

Educational 315 

Enrolled  Missouri  Militia 337 

EagleviUe 366 

First  Settlers 209 

First  County  Court  Officials 238 

Fatal  Accidents 297 

Gardner 38- 

Hallock  Murder,  The 289 

Incidents  of  Early  Days 217 


Indian  Trading 220 

Infantry  and  Cavalry  Regiments 333-337 

Jacksonville 382 

Killvan  War,  The 223  and  323 

Killing  of  Charles  Burger 284 

Killing  of  John  Garrison 285 

Killing  of  McCullum 285 

Killing  of  Isaac  Moore ^te* ^^^ 

Killing  of  Jacob  Fanster ■'•^P- ^*'' 

Liind  Opened  for  Entry 4>- --' 

Lorraine 378 

Mormon  War,  The 227  and  325 

Mysterious  Death  of  a  Young  Lady 287 

Murder  of  Albert  Hines 288 

Military  History 322 

"  Merrill's  Horse" 332 

Mount  Moriah 370 

Martinsville 377 

Mitchellville 383 

New  Hampton ■■-  381 

Official  Directory 2.'>2 

Physical  Features 203 

Prairie 205 

Paupers - 248 

Press,  Elections  and  Railroads 272 

Pleasant  Ridge 383 

Relocation  of  County  Seat  Considered 263 

Religious  History 299 

Ridgeway 373 

Streams ^^* 

Stone,  Coal  and  Mineral  Water 206 

Settlements,  Where  Made 215 

Stabbing  of  Jacob  Mitchell 284 

Sundry  (?rimes 286 

Suicides ■  295 

Sundry  Churches 309  and  315 

Topography 203 

Timber ^"3 

"The.Firsts" " 232 

Townships  Created 244 

Township  Organization 247 

Twenty-third' Regiment 330 

Volunteer  Troops  for  Civil  War 328 


HISTORY  OF  MERCER  COUNTY. 


PAGE. 

Agricultural  Association 438 

Boundary,  Topography  and  Soil 386 

Bench  and  Bar j21 

Baptist  Churches 469 

County  Formation  and  Organization 401 

County  Buildings *11 

County  Officials 411 

County  Court,  The *13 

Court  Proceedings 414 

Clyde  Case,  The 41' 

Chipps  Homicide,  The 420 

Christian  Churches 468 

Catholic  Churches 469 

Era  of  Settlement 387 

Early  Settlements,  Circumstance  of. 388 

Electious,  Early  and  Recent 405 

Early  Indictments  for  Crimes 416 

Educational  History 469 

Early  Schools  of  Mercer  County 4il 

First  Settlements,  The 395 

Financial  Affairs  of  the  County 408 

Goshen  446 

Heatherly  War,  The -iSs 

Halleck  Case,  The 418 

Homicide  of  Graves 420 

Half  Rock 445 

Indians,  The 394 


PAGE. 

Indictment  against  Beniamin  Smothers 414 

Infantry  and  Cavalry  Regiments 448 

Killing  of  Frank  Cox 418 

Killing  of  Davis 420 

Mullinax  Case,  The 41» 

Mercer  County  Medical  Society 438 

Modena  or  Madisonville 4*4 

Mill  Grove *** 

Middlebury 445 

Mercer  County  before  the  War 447 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church 46.J 

Organization •■■.■ 401 

f)rganization  of  School  Townships 472 

Physical  Features ™5 

Population  and  Nativity •  401 

Princeton,  Origin  and  Early  Development  of  4i3 

Princeton,  Subsequent  History  of 423 

Princeton's  Present  Business  Interests 425 

Protestant  Methodist  Churches 464 

Pauper  Schools 469 

l'i6sourccs ....■...........•........•••■■■•-•••■■"  "O*^ 

Railroad  Bonds  and  Stock 408 

RaiuesCase,  The 419 

R.avanna,  History  of 440 

Religious  History 45J 

State  Boundary  tjuestion .■■.■■ 404 

Sketch  of  Military  Organizations  in  County  448 


CONTENTS. 


VII 


PAQE. 

School  Statistics * 473 

Schools  of  PrincetOD 474 

Timber,  Agricultural  Products,  etc 386 

Township  Settlements 397 


PAGE. 

Township  Formation  and  Organization 403 

Towns  of  the  County 423 

The  Great  Rebellion 447 

United  Brethren  Church 468 


BIOGEAPHICAL  APPENDIX. 

'"'"""f """•""""' 

^  POETKAITS. 


Gen.  B.M.  Prentiss 249 

Hon.  W.P.  Robinson 313 

Hon.  D.  J.  Heaston 377 


D.S.  AlTord 479 

Joseph  Webb 644 


PART  I. 


HISTORY  OF  MISSOURI. 


History  of  Missouri, 


INTRODUCTOEY. 


MISSOURI,  the  eighth  State  of  the  Union  in  size,  the 
seventh  in  wealth,  and  the  fifth  in  population  and  politi- 
cal power,  lies  in  the  very  heart  of  the  Mississippi  Valley.  Extend- 
ing from  the  thirty-sixth  nearly  to  the  forty-first  degree  of  north 
latitude,  it  has  considerable  diversity  both  of  soil  and  climate. 

Its  eastern  limit  is  marked  from  north  to  south  by  the  great 
"  Father  of  Waters,"  and  the  Missouri  washes  its  western  bound- 
ary, from  the  northwest  corner  southward  about  250  miles  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Kansas,  and  thence  flows  south  of  east  through  the 
heart  of  the  State,  and  joins  its  muddy  torreft^  with  the  waters  of 
the  Mississippi. 

These  two  mighty  rivers  have  many  tributaries  which  are, 
to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  navigable  for  steamboats,  keelboats 
and  barges. 

The  extreme  length  of  the  State  is  328  miles;  the  extreme 
breadth,  in  the  southern  part,  is  280  miles;  and  the  average 
breadth  250  miles.  Missouri  has  an  area  of  65,350  square 
miles,  or  41,82-i,000  acres.  It  has  18,350  more  square  miles 
than  the  State  of  New  York,  is  nearly  nine  times  the  size  of 
Massachusetts,  and  exceeds  in  extent  all  of  the  New  England 
States  combined. 

There  is  no  State  in  the  Union  which  surpasses  Missouri  in 
respect   to  geographical  situation  and  natural  resources.     Other 

Note.— In  the  compilation  of  the  State  History  the  authors  consulted,  an^ong  others,  the 
followiug  authorities:  "State  Geological  Reports;"  "Charlevoix's  Journal  of  a  Voyage  to  North 
America  in  1721;*'  Stoddard's  ''Historical  Sketches  of  Louisiana;"  Schoolcraft's  "  Narrative  Jour- 
nal;" Breckenridge;  Pike's  "Expedition;"  .Switzler's  "History  of  Missouri;"  Bradbury's  "Trav- 
els;" "  Lillimau'a  JoutbhI;"  "  American  Cyclopedia;"  Beck's  '■  Gazetteer  of  Indiana  and  "Missouri," 
1823;  Wetmore's  "  Gazetteer  of  Missouri,"  18.^7;  Shehaid's  "Early  History  of  St.  I.ouis  and  Mis- 
souri;" Parker's  "  Missouri  As  It  Is  in  18G7;"  Davis  &  Durrie's  "  History  of  Missouri,"  1876. 


12  HISTOBY    OF     MISSOURI. 

regions  may  boast  of  delightful  climate,  rich  and  productive  soil, 
abundant  timber,  or  inexhaustible  mineral  deposits,  but  Mis- 
souri has  all  of  these.  She  has  more  and  better  iron  than  England 
and  quite  as  much  coal,  while  her  lead  deposits  are  rivaled  by 
that  of  no  other  country  of  equal  area  upon  the  globe. 

The  population  of  the  State,  according  to  the  census  of  1880, 
was  2,168,380,  showing  an  increase  of  25.9  per  cent  within  the 
preceding  decade. 

GEOLOGY. 

The  stratified  rocks  of  Missouri  may  be  classified  as  follows, 
enumerating  them  from  the  surface  downward: 

/.  Quaternary  or  Post  Tertiary. — Alluvium,  30  feet  thick. 
Soils — Pebbles  and  sand,  clays,  vegetable  mold  or  humus,  bog 
iron  ore,  calcareous  tufa,  stalactites  and  stalagmites,  marls;  bot- 
tom prairie,  35  feet  thick;  bluff,  200  feet  thick;  drift.  155  feet 
thick. 

II.  Tertiary. — Clays,  shales,  iron  ores,  sandstone,  fine  and 
coarse  sands. 

///.  Cretaceous. — No.  1,  13  feet,  argillaceous  variegated 
sandstone;  No.  2^20  feet,  soft  bluish  brown  sandy  slate,  con- 
taining quantiti^of  iron  pyrites;  No.  3,  25  feet,  whitish  brown 
impure  sandstone,  banded  with  purple  and  pink;  No.  4,  45  feet, 
slate,  like  No.  2;  No.  5,  45  feet,  fine  white  siliceous  clay,  inter- 
stratified  with  white  flint,  more  or  less  spotted  and  banded  with 
pink  and  purple ;  No.  6,  10  feet,  purple  red  and  blue  clays.  En- 
tire thickness,  158  feet. 

IV.  Carboniferous. — Upper  carboniferous  or  coal  measures, 
sandstone,  limestone,  shales,  clays,  marls,  spathic  iron  ores,  coals. 
Lower  carboniferous  or  mountain  limestone,  upper  Archimedes 
limestone,  200  feet;  ferruginous  sandstone,  195  feet;  middle  Ar- 
chimedes limestone,  50  feet;  St.  Louis  limestone,  250  feet; 
oolitic  limestone,  25  feet;  lower  Archimedes  limestone,  350  feet; 
encrinital  limestone,  500  feet. 

V.  Devonian. — Chemung  group:  Chouteau  limestone,  85 
feet;  vermicular  sandstone,  75  feet;  lithographic  limestone,  12.5 
feet.  Hamilton  group:  Blue  shales,  40  feet;  semi-crystalline 
limestone,   107   feet;  Onondaga  limestone,  Oriskany  sandstone. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  13 

VI.  Silurian. — Upper  silurian:  Lower  Helderberg,  350 
feet;  Niagara  group,  200  feet;  Cape  Girardeau  limestone,  60 
feet.  Lower  silurian:  Hudson  Eiver  group,  220  feet;  Trenton 
limestone,  350  feet;  Black  River  and  Birdseye  limestone,  75 
feet;  first  magnesian  limestone,  200  feet;  saccharoidal  sandstone, 
125  feet;  second  magnesian  limestone,  230  feet;  second  sand- 
stone, 115  feet;  third  magnesian  limestone,  350  feet;  third  sand- 
stone, 60  feet;  fourth  magnesian  limestone,  300  feet. 

VII.  Azoic  Eocks. 

The  Quaternary  rocks,  the  most  recent  of  all  the  formations, 
contain  the  entire  geological  record  of  all  the  cycles  from  the  end 
of  the  Tertiary  period  to  the  present  time;  and  their  economical 
value  is  also  greater  than  that  of  all  the  other  formations  com- 
bined. This  system  comprises  the  drift  and  all  the  deposits 
above  it.  There  are,  within  the  system,  four  distinct  and  strongly 
defined  formations  in  the  State,  namely;  Alluvium,  bottom 
prairie,  bluff  and  drift. 

SOILS. 

Soils  are  a  compound  of  pulverized  and  decomposed  mineral 
substances,  mingled  with  decayed  vegetable  and  animal  re- 
mains, and  containing  all  the  ingredients  necessary  to  the  sus- 
tenance of  the  vegetable  kingdom.  The  soils  of  Missouri  have 
been  produced  by  the  mixing  of  organic  matter  with  the  pulver- 
ized marls,  clays  and  sands  of  the  Quaternary  deposits  which 
are  found  in  great  abundance  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  State, 
and  are  of  material  best  designed  for  their  rapid  formation.  For 
this  cause  the  soils  of  the  State  are  marvelously  deep  and  pro- 
ductive, except  in  a  few  localities  where  the  materials  of  the  Qua- 
ternary sti'ata  are  very  coarse,  or  entirely  wanting. 

CLAYS. 

Clays  are  dark,  bluish-gray  strata,  more  or  less  mixed  with 
particles  of  flint,  limestone  and  decomposed  organic  matter. 
When  the  floods  of  the  Mississippi  and  the  Missouri  subside, 
lagoons,  sloughs  and  lakes  are  left  full  of  turbid  water.  The 
coarser  substances  soon  subside  into  a  stratum  of  sand,  but  the 
finer  particles  settle  more  slowly  and  form  the  silico-calcareous 


14  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

cluys  of  the  alluvial  bottom.  Thus,  after  each  flood,  strata  of 
sand  and  clay  are  deposited,  until  the  lakes  and  lagoons  are 
filled  up. 

Then  a  stratum  of  humus,  or  decayed  vegetable  matter,  is 
formed  by  the  decomposition  of  the  annual  growth  and  of  the 
foreign  matter  which  falls  into  the  water,  and  every  succeeding 
crop  of  vegetation  adds  another  such  stratum.  Thus  are  rapidly 
formed  thick  beds  of  vegetable  mold,  yielding  support  to  the 
magnificent  forest  trees  which  grow  upon  the  sites  of  those 
ancient  lakes  and  morasses.  In  this  manner  have  been  formed 
the  vast,  alluvial  plains  bordering  upon  the  Missouri  and  Missis- 
sippi Eivers,  which  comprise  about  4,000,000  acres  of  land,  based 
upon  these  strata  of  sand,  clays,  marls  and  humus.  The  soil 
formed  upon  these  alluvial  beds  is  deep,  rich  and  light  almost 
beyond  comparison,  and  is  constantly  increasing  by  the  filling  up 
of  lakes  and  sloughs  as  above  described. 

THE  BLUFF  OB  LOESS. 

This  occurs  in  the  Missouri  bluffs  forming  a  belt  of  several 
miles  in  width,  extending  from  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  to  the 
northwest  corner  of  the  State,  where  it  is  found  just  beneath  the 
soil,  and  also  in  the  bluffs  of  the  Mississippi  fi-om  Dubuque  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  Thus  while  the  bottom  prairie  occupies 
a  higher  geological  horizon,  the  bluff  is  usually  several  hundred 
feet  above  it  topographically.  The  latter  is  generally  a  finely 
comminuted,  siliceous  marl,  of  a  light,  brown  color,  and  often 
weathers  into  perpendicular  escarpments.  Concretions  of  lime- 
stone are  often  found,  and  to  the  marly  character  of  these  clays 
may  be  ascribed  the  richness  of  the  overlying  soil.  It  is  to  this 
formation  that  the  Central  Mississippi  and  Southern  Missouri 
valleys  owe  their  superiority  in  agriculture.  Where  it  is  best 
developed  in  Western  Missouri  the  soil  is  equal  to  any  in  the 
country. 

DRIFT. 

This  formation  exists  throughout  Northern  Missouri.  The 
upper  members  consist  of  stiff,  tenacious,  brown,  drab  and  blue 
clays,  often  mottled  and  sometimes  containing  rounded  pebbles, 


HISTORY    OF    MISSOUBI.  15 

chiefly  of  granite  rocks.  The  lower  division  includes  beds  of 
dark  blue  clay,  often  hardening  on  exposure,  frequently  overlaid 
and  sometimes  interstratified  with  beds  and  pockets  of  sand, 
sometimes  inclosing  leaves  and  remains  of  trees.  Good  springs 
originate  in  these  sand  beds,  and  when  they  are  ferruginous  the 
springs  are  chalybeate. 

TEBTIAET  SYSTEM. 

There  is  a  formation  made  up  of  clays,  shales,  iron  ores, 
sandstone,  and  a  variety  of  fine  and  coarse  sand,  extending  along 
the  bluffs,  and  skirting  the  bottoms,  from  Commerce,  in  Scott 
County,  westward  to  Stoddard,  and  thence  south  to  the  Chalk 
Bluffs  in  Arkansas. 

The  iron  ore  of  these  beds  is  very  abundant,  and  exceedingly 
valuable.  The  spathic  ore  has  been  found  in  no  other  locality 
in  Southeastern  Missouri,  so  that  the  large  quantity  and  excel- 
lent quality  of  these  beds  will  render  them  very  valuable  for  the 
various  purposes  to  which  this  ore  is  peculiarly  adapted. 

The  white  sand  of  these  beds  is  available  for  glass  making, 
and  for  the  composition  of  mortars  and  cements.  The  clays  are 
well  adapted  to  the  manufacture  of  pottery  and  stoneware. 

CRETACEOUS  ROCKS. 

These  strata  are  very  much  disturbed,  fractured,  upheaved 
and  tilted,  so  as  to  form  various  faults  and  axes,  anticlinal  and 
synclinal;  while  the.  strata,  above  described  as  tertiary,  are  in 
their  natural  position,  and  rest  nonconformably  upon  these  beds. 
In  these  so  called  cretaceous  rocks  no  fossils  have  been  observed. 

CARBONIFEROUS  ROCKS. 

This  system  presents  two  important  divisions:  The  upper 
carboniferous,  or  coal  measures ;  and  the  lower  carboniferous  or 
mountain  limestone. 

The  coal  measures,  as  seen  by  the  table,  are  composed  of  nu- 
merous strata  of  sandstone,  limestone,  shales,  clays,  marls,  spathic 
iron  ores  and  coals.  Aboiit  2,000  feet  of  these  coal  measures  have 
been  found  to  contain  numerous  beds  of  iron  ore,  and  at  least 
eight  or  ten   beds  of   good,  workable  coal.     Investigation  shows 


16  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

a  greater  downward  thickness  of  the  coal  formation  in  Southwest 
Missouri,  including  beds  whose  position  is  probably  below  those 
of  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  These  rocks,  with  the  accom- 
panying beds  of  coal  and  iron,  cover  an  area  of  more  than  27,000 
square  miles  in  Missouri  alone. 

The  geological  map  of  the  State  shows  that  if  a  line  were 
roughly  drawn  from  Clark  County  on  the  northeast  to  Jasper 
County  in  the  southwest,  most  of  the  counties  northwest  of  this 
line,  together  with  Audrain,  Howard  and  Boone,  would  be  included 
in  the  coal  measure.  There  are  also  extensive  coal  beds  in  Cole, 
Moniteau,  St.  Charles,  St.  Louis   and  Callaway  Counties. 

The  Missouri  coal  basin  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world, 
including  besides  the  27,000  square  miles  in  Missouri,  10,000  in 
Nebraska;  .12,000  in  Kansas ; 20,000  in  Iowa,  and  30,000  in  Illi- 
nois ;  making  a  total  of  about  100,000  square  miles. 

The  fossils  of  the  coal  measure  are  numerous,  and  distinct 
from  those  of  any  other  formation.  This  latter  fact  has  led  to 
the  discovery  of  the  existence  of  coal  measures  and  the  coal  beds 
contained  in  them,  over  an  area  of  many  thousand  miles,  where 
it  had  been  supposed  that  no  coal  measures  and  no  coal    existed. 

Of  the  lower  carboniferous  rocks,  the  upper  Archimedes  lime- 
stone is  developed  in  Ste.  Genevieve  County. 

The  ferruginous  sandstone  is  generally  found  along  the 
eastern  and  southern  limit  of  the  coal  fields,  passing  beneath  the 
coal  formation  on  the  west.  It  varies  from  a  few  feet  to  100  feet 
in  thickness.  In  Callaway  it  occurs  both  as  a  pure  white  sand- 
stone, a  ferruginous  sandstone,  and  a  conglomerate.  In  Pettis 
and  Howai-d  Counties  we  find  it  a  coarse,  whitish  sandstone.  In 
Cedar,  Dade  and  Lawrence  a  very  ferruginous  sandstone,  often 
containing  valuable  deposits  of  iron  ore.  In  Newton  County  it 
occurs  in  useful  flaglike  layers. 

The  St.  Louis  limestone,  next  in  descending  order,  forms  the 
entire  group  of  limestone  at  St.  Louis,  where  it  is  well  marked 
and  of  greater  thickness  than  seen  elsewhere  in  this  State.  It  is 
more  often  fine  grained,  compact  or  sub-crystalline,  sometimes 
inclosing  numerous  chert  concretions,  and  the  beds  are  oftea 
separated  by  thin,  green  shale  beds. 

Its  stratigraphical  position  is  between   the  ferruginous  sand- 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  17 

stone  and  the  Archimedes  limestone,  as  seen  near  the  Des  Moines, 
and  near  the  first  tunnel  on  the  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  found 
in  Clark  and  Lewis  Counties,  but,  as  has  been  said,  attains  its 
greatest  development  at  St.  Louis — hence  its  name. 

The  most  characteristic  fossils  yet  described  are  palcechinus 
TnuUipora,  lithostrotion  canadense,  Echinocrinus  nerei,  Poterio- 
crinus  longidactylus  and  Atrypa  lingulata. 

The  lower  Archimides  limestone  includes  the  "arenaceous 
bed."  the  "  Warsaw  or  second  Archimedes  limestone,"  the  mag- 
nesian  limestone,  the  "  Geode  bed,"  the  "  Keokuk  or  lower  Archim- 
edes limestone"  of  Prof.  Hall's  section,  and  the  lead-bearing 
rocks  of  Southwestern  Missouri;  which  last,  though  different 
from  any  of  the  above  beds,  are  more  nearly  allied  to  them  than 
to  the  encrinital  limestone  below.  All  of  the  above  beds  are 
easily  recognized  in  Missouri,  except,  perhaps,  the  Warsaw 
limestone,  which  is  but  imperfectly  represented  in  our  north- 
eastern counties,  where  the  "Keokuk  limestone,"  the  "Geode 
beds,"  and  the  magnesian  limestone  are  well  developed. 

This  formation  extends  from  the  northeastern  part  of  the 
State  to  the  southwest,  in  an  irregular  belt,  skirting  the  eastern 
border  of  the  ferruginous  sandstone.  The  extensive  and  rich 
lead  deposits  of  Southwestern  Missouri  are  partly  in  this  forma- 
tion, these  mines  occupying  an  area  of  more  than  one  hundred 
square  miles,  in  Jasper,  Newton,  and  the  adjoining  counties. 

The  upper  beds  of  encrinital  limestone  are  gray  and  cherty. 
The  top  beds  in  St.  Charles  County  include  seventeen  feet  of 
thin  chert  beds  with  alternate  layers  of  red  clay.  The  middle  beds 
are  generally  gray  and  coarse,  the  lower  ones  gray  and  brown  with 
some  buff  beds. 

Crinoid  stems  are  common  in  nearly  all  the  beds,  hence  it  has 
been  appropriately  termed  encrinital  limestone. 

The  lower  beds  often  abound  in  well  preserved  crinoidce. 
This  rock  occurs  at  Burlington,  Iowa,  Quincy,  111.,  Hannibal  and 
Louisiana,  Mo.,  and  is  well  exposed  in  most  of  the  counties  on 
the  Mississippi  River  north  of  St.  Louis,  and  from  the  western 
part  of  St.  Charles  to  Howard  County.  South  of  the  Missouri 
River  and  along  its  southwest  outcrop  it  is  not  generally  well 
developed. 


18  HISTORY    OF     MISSOUBI. 

In  Green  County  it  is  quite  cavernous.  It  has  not  been  rec- 
ognized east  of  Illinois,  and  is  not  separated  from  other  carbon- 
iferous stones  of  Tennessee. 

DEVONIAN  EOCKS. 

The  devonian  rocks  occupy  a  small  area  in  Marion,  Ralls, 
Pike,  Callaway,  Saline  and  Ste.  Genevieve  Counties;  also  narrow 
belts  along  the  carboniferous  strata  to  the  south  and  west. 

In  the  Chemung  group,  the  Chouteau  limestone,  when  fully 
developed,  is  in  two  divisions. 

Immediately  under  the  encrinital  limestone,  at  the  top  of  the 
formation,  there  are  forty  or  fifty  feet  of  brownish  gray,  earthy, 
silico-magnesian  limestone  in  thick  beds,  which  contain  scattered 
masses  of  white  or  transparent  calcareous  spar. 

The  upper  division  of  the  Chouteau  limestone  passes  down 
into  a  fine,  compact,  blue  or  drab,  thin-bedded  limestone,  whose 
strata  are  considerably  irregular  and  broken.  In  the  northeast- 
ern part  of  the  State,  the  Chouteau  limestone  is  represented  only 
by  a  few  feet  of  coarse,  earthy,  crystalline,  calcareous  rock,  like 
the  lower  division  of  the  encrinital  limestone. 

THE  VEKMICULAR  SANDSTONE  AND  SHALES. 

The  sandstones  of  this  division  are  generally  soft  and  calca- 
reous. They  are  easily  recognized,  being  ramified  by  irregular 
windings  throughout,  resembling  the  borings  of  worms.  This 
formation  attains  a  thickness  of  seventy  five  feet  near  Louisiana 
in  Pike  County.  It  is  seen  in  Ralls,  Pike,  Lincoln,  Cedar  and 
Greene. 

The  lithographic  limestone  is  a  fine  grained,  compact  lime- 
stone, breaking  with  a  free  conchoidal  fracture  into  sharp,  angu- 
lar fragments.  Its  color  varies  from  a  light  drab  to  the  lighter 
shades  of  buff  and  blue.  It  gives  out,  when  struck  with  the  ham- 
mer, a  sharp,  ringing  sound,  and  is  therefore  called  "pot  metal" 
in  some  parts  of  the  State.  It  is  regularly  stratified  in  beds 
varying  from  two  to  sixteen  inches  in  thickness,  and  often  pre- 
sents, as  in  the  mural  bluffs  at  Louisiana  on  the  Mississippi,  all 
the  regularity  of  masonry. 

Where  elsewhere  seen,  it  somewhat  resembles  the  upper  beds 


HISTORY    OF    MISSOUBI.  19 

of  the  group.  At  Taborville,  St.  Clair  County,  it  is  of  a  salmon 
drab  color,  occurring  in  thick  beds  having  an  open  texture,  and 
contains  a  characteristic  fossil — Pentremites  RcBtneri.  This  lime- 
stone is  found  in  Pike,  Ralls,  St.  Clair,  Cedar  and  Greene  Counties. 

THE  HAMILTON  GBOUP. 

This  is  made  up  of  some  forty  feet  of  blue  shales,  and  107 
feet  of  semi-crystalline  limestone,  containing  Dalmania,  CallUe- 
les,  Phacops  hufo,  Spirifer  mucronahis,  S.  sculptilis,  S.  Congesta, 
Chonetes  carinata  and  Favosiies  basaltica.  The  Hamilton  group 
is  found  in  Kails,  Pike,  Lincoln,  Warren,  Montgomery,  Calla- 
way, Boone,  Cole  and  probably  Moniteau ;  also  in  Perry  and  Ste. 
Genevieve. 

ONONDAGA    LIMESTONE. 

This  formation  is  usually  a  coarse  gray  or  buff,  crystalline, 
thick  bedded  and  cherty  limestone,  abounding  in  Terebraiula, 
reticularis,  Orthis  resupinaia,  Chonetes  nana,  Productus  subacu- 
leatus,  Spirifer  euruieines,  Phacops  bufo,  Cyathophyllum  rugosum, 
Emmonsia  hemispherica,  and  a  Pentamerus  like  galeatus.  Gen- 
erally it  is  coarse,  gray  and  crystalline;  often  somewhat  com- 
pact, bhiish  and  concretionary,  having  cavities  filled  with  green 
matter  or  calspar;  occasionally  it  is  a  white  saccharoidal  sand- 
stone; in  a  few  localities  a  soft,  brown  sandstone,  and  at  Louis- 
iana a  pure  white  oolite. 

OBISKANY    SANDSTONE. 

In  spite  of  its  name,  this  is  a  light  gray  limestone,  containing 
the  Spirifer  arenosa,  Leptoma  depressa,  and  several  new  species 
of  Spirifer,  Chonetes,  Illoenns  and  Lichas. 

SILURIAN   ROCKS. 

This  system  is  divided  into  the  upper  and  lower  silurian. 
Of  the  former  are  the  following:  The  lower  Helderberg  group, 
which  is  made  up  of  buff,  gray,  and  reddish  cherty,  and  argilla- 
ceous limestones,  blue  shales,  and  dark  graptolite  slates.  The 
Cape  Girardeau  limestone,  found  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about 
a  mile  above  Cape  Girardeau,  a  compact,  bluish  gray,  frangible 
limestone,  with  a  smooth  fracture,  in  layers  from  two  to  six 
inches  in  thickness,  with  thin  argillaceous  partings. 


20  HI8T0BY   OP    MISSOURI. 

There  are  at  least  ten  formations  belonging  to  the  lower  Silu- 
rian series.  There  are  three  distinct  formations  of  the  Hudson 
River  group,  as  follows:  First — Immediately  below  the  oolite  of 
the  Onondaga  limestone,  in  the  bluffs  both  above  and  below  St. 
Louis,  there  are  forty  feet  of  blue,  gray  and  brown  argillaceous, 
magnesian  limestone.  Above,  these  shales  are  in  thick  beds, 
showing  a  dull,  conclioidal  fracture.  Below,  the  division  becomes 
more  argillaceous,  and  has  thin  beds  of  bluish-gray  crystalline 
limestone.  Second — -Three  and  one-half  miles  northwest  of 
Louisiana,  on  the  Grassy  River,  some  sixty  feet  of  blue  and  pur- 
ple shales  are  exposed  below  the  beds  above  described.  Third 
• — Under  the  last  named  division  are,  perhaps,  twenty  feet  of  ar- 
gillo-magnesian  limestone  resembling  that  in  the  first  division, 
and  interstratified  with  blue  shales.  These  rocks  crop  out  in 
Ralls,  Pike,  Cape  Girardeau  and  Ste.  Genevieve  Counties.  On 
the  Grassy,  a  thickness  of  120  feet  is  exposed,  and  they  extend 
to  an  unknown  depth. 

Trenton  Limestone. — The  upper  portion  of  this  formation 
comprises  thick  beds  of  compact,  bluish  gray  and  drab  limestone, 
abounding  in  irregular  cavities,  filled  with  a  greenish  substance. 
The  lower  beds  abound  in  irregular  cylindrical  pieces,  which 
quickly  decompose  upon  exposure  to  the  air,  and  leave  the  rocks 
perforated  with  irregular  holes,  resembling  those  made  in  tim- 
ber by  the  Toredo  navalis.  These  beds  are  exposed  between 
Hannibal  and  New  London,  north  of  Salt  River,  and  near  Glen- 
coe,  St.  Louis  County.  They  are  about  seventy -five  feet  thick. 
Below  them  are  thick  strata  of  impiire,  coarse,  gray  and  buff  crys- 
talline magnesian  limestone,  containing  brown,  earthy  portions, 
which  quickly  crumble  on  exposure  to  the  elements.  The  bluffs 
on  Salt  River  are  an  example  of  these  strata.  The  lowest  part  of 
the  Trenton  limestone  is  composed  of  hard,  blue  and  bluish-gray, 
semi-compact,  silico-magnesian  limestone,  interstratified  with 
soft,  earthy,  magnesian  beds  of  a  light  buff  and  drab  color.  Fifty 
feet  of  these  strata  crop  out  at  the  quarries  south  of  the  plank 
road  bridge  over  Salt  River,  and  on  Spencer's  Creek  in  Ralls 
County.  The  middle  beds  sometimes  develop  a  beautiful  white 
crystalline  marble,  as  at  Cape  Girardeau  and  near  Glencoe. 

The  Black  River  and  Birdseye  limestones  are  often  in  even 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  21 

layers ;  the  lower  beds  have  sometimes  mottled  drab  and  reddish 
shades,  often  afPording  a  pretty  marble.  Near  the  base  this  rock 
is  often  traversed  by  vermicular  cavities  and  cells.  These  may 
be  seen  from  Cape  Girardeau  to  Lincoln,  and  in  St.  Charles, 
Warren  and  Montgomery  Counties,  thinning  out  in  the  latter. 

The  First  Magnesian  Limestone  is  generally  a  buff,  open-tex- 
tured, thick  and  even  bedded  limestone,  breaking  readily  under 
the  hammer,  and  affording  a  useful  building  rock.  Shumard  es- 
timated its  thickness  in  Ste.  Genevieve  County  to  be  about  150 
feet.  In  Warren  County,  in  North  Missouri,  it  is  seventy  feet 
thick.  It  is  found  in  Balls,  Pike,  Lincoln,  St.  Charles,  Warren, 
Callaway  and  Boone.  Southwesterly,  it  is  not  well  marked — in- 
deed it  seems  to  be  absent  in  some  counties  where,  in  regular 
sequence,  it  should  be  found.  It  occurs  in  Franklin,  St.  Louis, 
and  southwardly  to  Cape  Girardeau  County. 

Saccharoidal  Sandstone  is  usually  a  bed  of  white  friable  sand- 
stone, sometimes  slightly  tinged  with  red  and  brown,  which  is 
made  up  of  globular  concretions  and  angular  fragments  of 
limpid  quartz.  The  formation  is  well  developed  in  Lincoln,  St. 
Charles,  Warren,  Montgomery,  Gasconade,  Franklin,  St.  Louis, 
Jefferson,  Ste.  Genevieve,  Perry  and  Cape  Girardeau  Counties. 
Besides  the  above,  it  is  also  developed  in  a  more  attenuated  form, 
in  Callaway,  Osage,  Cole,  Moniteau  and  Boone.  This  sandstone 
is  probably  destined  to  be  one  of  the  most  useful  rocks  found  in 
Missouri.  It  is  generally  of  a  very  white  color,  and  the  purest 
sandstone  found  in  the  State,  and  is  suitable  for  making  the 
finest  glassware.  Its  great  thickness  makes  it  inexhaustible. 
In  St.  Charles  and  Warren  Counties  it  is  133  feet  thick,  and  in 
Southeast  Missouri  over  100  feet  thick. 

The  Second  Magnesian  Limestone  occutb  in  all  the  river  counties 
south  of  Pike  as  far  as  the  swamps  of  Southeast  Missouri,  and  is 
more  often  the  surface  rock  in  all  the  counties  south  of  the  Mis- 
souri and  Osage  Elvers,  to  within  fifty  miles  of  the  western  line 
of  the  State.  It  is  generally  composed  of  beds  of  earthy  mag- 
nesian limestone,  interstratified  with  shale  beds  and  layers  of 
white  chert,  with  occasionally  thin  strata  of  white  sandstone, 
and,  near  the  lower  part,  thick  cellular  silico-magnesian  limestone 
beds.     The  layers  are  more  often  of  irregular  thickness  and  not 


22  HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI. 

very  useful  for  buildicg  purposes.  It  is  often  a  lead-bearing 
rock,  and  most  of  the  lead  of  Cole  County  occurs  in  it.  It  is 
from  175  to  200  feet  thick. 

The  second  sandstone  is  usually  a  brown  or  yellowish  brown, 
fine-grained  sandstone,  distinctly  stratified  in  regular  beds,  vary- 
ing from  two  to  eighteen  inches  in  thickness.  The  surfaces  are 
often  ripple- marked  and  micaceous.  It  is  sometimes  quite  fri- 
able, though  generally  sufiiciently  indurated  for  building  pur- 
poses. The  upper  part  is  often  composed  of  thin  strata  of  light, 
soft  and  porous,  semi-pulverulent,  sandy  chert  or  hornstone, 
whose  cavities  are  usually  lined  with  limpid  crystals  of  quartz. 

The  Third  Magnesian  Limestone. — This  also  is  an  impor- 
tant member,  occurring  in  nearly  all  the  counties  of  Southern 
Missouri.  It  jrs  generally  a  thick-bedded,  coarsely  crystalline 
bluish  gray,  or  flesh-colored  magnesian  limestone,  with  occasional 
thick  chert  beds.  It  is  the  chief  lead-bearing  rock  of  South- 
east and  Southern  Missouri.  In  some  counties  it  is  as  much  as 
300  feet  thick. 

The  Third  Sandstone  is  a  white,  saccharoidal  sandstone,  made 
up  of  slightly-cohering,  transparent  globular  and  angular  par- 
ticles of  silex.      It  shows  but  little  appearance  of  stratification. 

The  Fourth  Magnesian  Limestone. — This  formation  presents 
more  permanent  and  uniform  lithological  characters  than  any 
other  of  the  magnesian  limestones.  It  is  ordinarily  a  coarse- 
grained, crystalline  magnesian  limestone,  grayish-buff  in  color, 
containing  a  few  crevices  filled  with  less  indurated,  siliceous 
matter.  Its  thick,  uniform  beds  contain  but  little  chert.  The 
best  exposures  of  this  formation  are  on  the  Niagara  and  Osage 
Eivers. 

This  magnesian  limestone  series  is  very  interesting,  both 
from  a  scientific  and  an  economical  standpoint.  It  covers  a 
large  part  of  Southern  and  Southeastern  Missouri,  is  remarkable 
for  its  numerous  and  important  caves  and  springs,  and  comprises 
nearly  all  the  vast  deposits  of  lead,  zinc,  copper,  cobalt,  the  limi- 
nite  ores  of  iron,  and  neai'ly  all  the  marble  beds  of  the  State. 
The  lower  part  of  the  first  magnesian  limestone,  the  saccharoidal 
sandstone,  the  second  magnesian  limestone,  the  second  sand- 
stone, and  the  upper  part  of  the  third  magnesian  limestone  be- 


HISTOBY    OF     MISSOURI.  23 

long,  without   doubt,  to  the  age  of  the  calciferous    saud  rock; 
but  the  remainder  of  the  series  to  the  Potsdam  sandstone. 

AZOIC   ROCKS. 

Below  the  rocks  of  the  silurian  system  there  is  a  series  of 
siliceous  and  other  slates,  which  present  no  remains  of  organic 
life;  we  therefore  refer  them  to  the  Azoic  age  of  the  geologist. 
They  contain  some  of  the  beds  of  specular  iron.  In  Pilot  Knob 
we  have  a  good  exposition  of  these  Azoic  strata.  The  lower  fossi- 
liferous  rocks  rest  non-conformably  on  these  strata. 

IGNEOUS    AND    METAMORPHIC  ROCKS. 

Aside  from  the  stratified  rocks  of  Missouri,  there  is  a  series 
of  rounded  knobs  and  hills  in  St.  Francois,  Iron,  Dent  and  the 
neighboring  counties,  which  are  composed  of  granite,  porphyry, 
diorite  and  greenstone.  These  igneous  and  metamorphic  rocks 
contain  some  of  those  remarkable  beds  of  specular  iron,  of 
which  Iron  and  Shepherd  Mountains  are  samples.  This  iron 
ore  often  occurs  in  regular  veins  in  the  porphyry. 

HISTORICAL  GEOLOGY. 

When  the  continent  of  North  America  began  to  emerge  from 
the  primeval  ocean.  Pilot  Knob,  Shepherd  Mountain  and  the 
neighboring  heights  were  among  the  first  bodies  of  land  that 
reared  themselves  above  the  surrounding  waters.  When  Pilot 
Knob  thus  grew  into  an  island,  it  stood  alone  in  the  ocean  waste, 
excejit  that  to  the  northwest  the  Black  Hills,  to  the  northeast 
a  part  of  the  Alleghany  system,  and  to  the  southwest  a  small 
cluster  of  rocks  lifted  their  heads  out  of  the  flood.  These  islands 
were  formed  in  the  Azoic  seas  by  mighty  internal  convulsions 
that  forced  up  the  porphyry  and  granite,  the  slates  and  iron  beds 
of  the  great  ore  mountains  of  Missouri. 

COAL. 

The  Missouri  coal  fields  underlie  an  area  of  nearly  25,000 
square  miles,  including  about  160  square  miles  in  St.  Louis 
County,  eight  square  miles  in  St.  Charles,  and  some  important 
outliers  and  pockets,  which  are  mainly  "cannel  coal,  in  Lincoln, 


24  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

WarreD  and  Callaway  Counties.  This  area  includes  about 
8,400  square  miles  of  upper  coal  measures,  2,000  square  miles  of 
exposed  middle,  and  about  14,600  square  miles  of  exposed  lower 
measures. 

The  upper  coal  measures  contain  about  four  feet  of  coal,  in- 
cluding two  seams  of  one  foot  each  in  thickness,  the  others  be- 
ing thin  seams  or  streaks. 

The  middle  coal  measures  contain  about  seven  feet  of  coal, 
including  two  workable  seams  of  twenty-one  and  twenty-four 
inches,  one  other  of  one  foot,  that  is  worked  under  favorable  cir- 
cumstances, and  six  thin  seams. 

The  lower  measures  contain  about  five  workable  seams  of 
coal,  varying  in  thickness  from  eighteen  inches  to  four  and  one 
half  feet,  thin  seams  varying  from  six  to  eleven  inches,  and  sev- 
eral minor  seams  and  streaks,  in  all,  thirteen  feet,  six  inches  of 
coal.  We  therefore  have  in  Missouri,  a  total  aggregate  of  twenty- 
four  feet,  six  inches  of  coal.  The  thinner  seams  are  not  often 
mined,  except   in  localities  distant  from  railroad  transportation. 

All  beds  over  eighteen  inches  thick  are  workable  coals.  The 
area  where  such  may  be  reached  within  200  feet  from  the 
surface  is  about  7,000  square  miles.  Most  of  the  State  under- 
laid by  the  coal  measure  is  rich  farming  land.  That  under- 
laid by  the  upper  measure  includes  the  richest,  which  is  equal 
to  any  upon  the  globe.  The  southeastern  boundary  of  the  coal 
measure  has  been  traced  from  the  mouth  of  the  Des  Moines 
through  Clark,  Lewis,  Scotland,  Adair,  Macon,  Shelby,  Monroe, 
Audrain,  Callaway,  Boone,  Cooper,  Pettis,  Benton,  Henry,  St. 
Clair,  Bates.  Vernon,  Cedar,  Dade,  Barton  and  Jasper  Counties 
into  the  Indian  Territory,  and  every  county  on  the  northwest  of 
this  line  is  known  to  contain  more  or  less  coal.  Great  quantities 
exist  in  Johnson,  Pettis,  Lafayette,  Cass,  Chariton,  Howard,  Put- 
nam and  Audrain.  Outside  the  coal  fields,  as  given  above,  the 
regular  coal  rocks  also  exist  in  Kails,  Montgomery,  Warren,  St. 
Charles,  Callaway  and  St.  Louis,  and  local  deposits  of  cannel  and 
bituminous  coal  in  Moniteau,  Cole,  Morgan,  Crawford,  Lincoln 
and  Callaway.  In  1865  Prof.  Swallow  estimated  the  amount  of 
good  available  coal  in  the  State,  at  134,000,000,000  tons.  Since 
then  numerous  other  developments  have  been  made,  and  that  es- 
timate is  found  to  be  far  too  small. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  25 

LEAD. 

This  mineral  occurs  in  lodes,  veins  and  disseminations,  which 
are,  as  yet,  only  partially  determined.  Enough,  however,  is 
known  of  the  number,  extent,  dip  and  thickness  of  these  de- 
posits to  show  that  their  range  and  richness  exceed  those  of  any 
other  lead-bearing  region  in  the  world. 

Galena  occurs  in  this  State  in  ferruginous  clay,  that  becomes 
jointed,  or  separates  into  distinct  masses,  quite  regular  in  form, 
when  taken  out  and  partially  dried;  also  in  regular  cubes,  in 
gravel  beds,  or  with  cherty  masses  in  the  clays  associated  with 
the  same.  These  cubes  in  some  localities  show  the  action  of  at- 
trition, while  in  others  they  are  entirely  unworn.  Lead  is  found 
in  the  carboniferous  rocks,  but  perhaps  the  greater  portion  is  ob- 
tained from  the  magnesian  rocks  of  the  lower  silurian,  and  in  one 
or  two  localities  galena  has  been  discovered  in  the  rocks  of  the 
Azoic  period.  At  Dugals,  Reynolds  County,  lead  is  found  in  a 
disseminated  condition  in  the  porphyry. 

THE    SOUTHEAST    LEAD    DISTRICT. 

The  Mine  La  Motte  region  was  discovered  about  1720  by  La 
Motte  and  Renault.  It  was  not,  however,  until  this  territory  was 
ceded  to  Spain  that  any  considerable  mining  for  lead  was  done  in 
this  part  of  Missouri.  Moses  Austin,  of  Virginia,  secured  from 
the  Spanish  Government  a  large  grant  of  land  near  Potosi,  and 
sunk  the  first  regular  shaft ;  and,  after  taking  out  large  quantities 
of  lead,  erected,  in  1789,  the  first  reverberatory  furnace  for  the 
reduction  of  lead  ever  built  in  America. 

In  all  this  region  are  found  crystallized  cubes  of  galena  in  the 
tallow  clay,  occurring  as  float.  In  Franklin,  Washington  and 
Jefferson  Counties  galena  is  found  in  ferruginous  clay  and 
coarse  gravel,  often  associated  with  small  masses  of  brown  hema- 
tite iron  and  the  sulphuret  of  iron ;  sometimes  lying  in  small 
cavities  or  pockets. 

The  Virginia  mine  in  Franklin  County  has  produced  by  far 
the  greater  portion  of  lead  from  this  section. 

At  the  Webster  mines,  the  silicate  and  carbonate  of  zinc  are 
found  always  accompanying  the  lead.  At  the  Valle  mines  silicate 
of  zinc  and  baryta  occur,  as  well   as  hematite  iron  ore.     The 


26  HISTOKY    OF     MISSOURI. 

Mammoth  mine  was  a  succession  of  caves,  in  which  millions  of 
pounds  of  lead  were  found  adhering  to  the  sides  and  roof,  and  on 
the  bottom  was  mixed  with  clay  and  baryta. 

The  Frumet  or  Einstein  mines  are  the  most  productive  ever 
opened  in  Jefferson  County,  and  yield  also  large  quantities  of 
zinc  ore.  There  are  other  valuable  mines,  in  some  of  which  sil- 
ver has  been  found. 

In  Washington  County  lead  mining  has  been  carried  on  un- 
interruptedly for  ■  a  greater  length  of  time,  and  more  acres  of 
land  have  been  dug  over  that  have  produced  lead  than  in  any 
other  county  in  the  State. 

In  St.  Francois  County,  lead  deposits  are  found  in  the  fer- 
ruginous clay  and  gravel.  These  mines  formerly  produced  many 
millions  of  pounds,  but  have  not  been  extensively  worked  for 
many  yeai's. 

Over  portions  of  Madison  County  considerable  lead  is  found 
in  the  clay.  There  is  lead  in  several  locations  in  Iron  County. 
In  Wayne,  Carter,  Reynolds  and  Crawford  Counties  lead  has 
been  found. 

Ste.  Genevieve  has  a  deposit  of  lead  known  as  the  Avon  mines 
on  Mineral  Fork,  where  mining  and  smelting  have  been  prosecuted 
for  many  years.  In  this  vicinity  lead  has  also  been  found  as 
"  float"  in  several  places. 

Lead  exists  in  the  small  streams  in  several  places  in  the 
western  part  of  Cape  Girardeau  County. 

In  the  region  above  described  at  least  2,000  square  miles 
are  underlaid  with  lead,  upon  which  territory  galena  can  be 
found  almost  anywhere,  either  in  the  clay,  gravel  openings,  or 
in  a  disseminated  condition. 

The  Central  Lead  district  comprises  the  counties  of  Cole, 
Cooper,  Moniteau,  Morgan,  Miller,  Benton,  Maries,  Camden  and 
Osage.  During  later  years  the  lead  development  of  Cole  County 
has  been  more  to  the  northwestern  corner,  passing  into  Moniteau 
and  Cooper  Counties.  In  the  former  several  valuable  mines 
have  been  opened. 

The  West  diggings  have  been  extensively  developed  and 
proved  rich.  The  mineral  is  found  in  connected  cubes  in  lime- 
stone rock,  and  lies  in  lodes  and  pockets.     Lead  has  been  found 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  27 

in  several  places  in  Cooper  and  Osage  Counties.  The  later  dis- 
coveries in  that  vicinity,  although  not  yet  fully  developed,  give 
promise  of  great  richness. 

Camden  County  possesses  considerable  deposits  of  lead;  a 
number  of  mines  have  been  successfully  worked,  and,  as  the  en- 
tire northern  portion  of  the  county  is  underlaid  with  the  mag- 
nesian  limestone  formation,  it  may  be  discovered  in  many  places 
where  its  existence  has  never  been  suspected.  Miller  County  is 
particularly  rich  in  galeniferous  ore. 

Paying  lead  has  been  found  north  of  the  Osage  Eiver.  On 
the  Gravois,  Big  Saline,  Little  Saline  and  Bush  Creeks,  and  the 
Fox,  Walker,  Mount  Pleasant  and  Saline  Diggings  have  yielded 
millions  of  pounds  of  lead. 

Benton  County  contains  a  number  of  lead  deposits,  the  most 
important  being  the  Cole  Cany  mines.  Lead  has  been  found  as 
a  "float"  in  many  localities. 

Morgan  County,  like  Washington,  can  boast  of  having  lead 
in  every  township,  either  as  clay,  mineral,  "  float,"  or  in  veins, 
lodes,  pockets  and  caves.  The  magnesian  limestone  series  of 
Morgan,  in  which  the  lead  ores  now  are,  or  have  all  existed,  are 
the  most  complete  and  well  defined  of  any  in  Missouri. 

The  most  extensive  deposits  of  lead  in  Morgan  County  have 
been  found  south  of  the  center  of  the  county,  yet  in  the  north- 
western part  are  several  well  known  lodes.  We  can  not  even 
name  the  hundreds  of  places  in  the  county  where  lead  is  found 
in  paying  quantities.  There  seems  to  be  a  region,  covering  200 
square  miles,  entirely  underlaid  by  lead.  These  wonderful 
deposits  are  as  yet  but  partially  worked. 

The  Southern  Lead  Region  of  the  State  comprises  the  coun- 
ties of  Pulaski,  Laclede,  Texas,  Wright,  Webster,  Douglas, 
Ozark  and  Christian.  The  mineral  deposits  of  this  region  are 
only  partially  developed.  In  Pulaski  County  lead  has  been 
discovered  in  several  localities.  Laclede  County  has  a  number 
of  lead  deposits;  one  about  eleven  miles  from  Lebanon,  where 
the  ore  is  found  in  a  disseminated  condition  in  the  soft  magne- 
sian limestone.  In  the  southwestern  part  of  Texas  County,  along 
the  headwaters  of  the  Gasconade  River,  there  are  considerable 
deposits  of    lead    ore.     Wright  County  has  a  number  of   lead 


28  HISTORY    OF     MISSOnRI. 

mines  almost  unworked,  which  are  situated  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  _the  county,  and  are  a  continuation  of  the  deposits  in 
Texas  County.  In  Douglas  County,  near  the  eastern  line,  and 
near  Swan  Creek,  are  considerable  deposits  of  galena.  Ozark 
and  Christian  Counties  have  a  number  of  lead  deposits,  zinc 
being  invariably  found  in  connection. 

The  Western  Lead  District  comprises  Hickory,  Dallas,  Polk, 
St.  Clair,  Cedar  and  Dade  Counties.  In  Hickory  County  quite 
extensive  mining  has  been  carried  on,  the  larger  deposits  having 
been  found  near  Hermitage.  In  the  northern  part  of  the  county 
and  along  the  Pomme  de  Terre  River,  lead  occurs  as  "float,"  and 
in  the  rock  formation.  The  more  prominent  lodes  are  found  in  the 
second  magnesian  limestone,  with  a  deposit  occurring  in  the  third. 
The  lead  deposits  of  Hickory  Coixnty  are  richer  and  more  fully 
developed  than  any  other  in  this  district.  Dallas  County  has  a 
few  deposits  of  lead,  and  float  lead  has  been  found  in  various 
localities  in  Polk.  In  St.  Clair  County  the  galeniferous  deposits 
are  in  the  second  sandstone,  and  in  the  ferruginous  clay,  with 
chert,  conglomerate  and  gravel.  Cedar  County  presents  a 
deposit  of  lead,  copper  and  antimony.  Galena  is  found  in  the 
clay  and  gravel.  In  Dade  County  a  considerable  quantity  of 
galena  has  been  found  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  the  county. 

The  Southwest  Lead  District  of  Missouri  comjM'ises  the  coun- 
ties of  Jasper,  Newton,  Lawrence,  Stone,  Barry  and  McDonald. 
The  two  counties  first  named  produce  more  than  one-half  of  the 
pig  lead  of  Missouri,  and  may  well  boast  their  immense  deposits 
of  galeniferous  wealth.  The  lead  mining  resources  of  Jasper 
and  Newton  Counties  are  simply  inexhaustible,  and  new  and  rich 
deposits  are  continually  being  found.  Lead  ore  seems  to  have 
been  obtained  here  from  the  earliest  recollection,  and  furnished 
supplies  to  the  Indians  during  their  occupation.  Formerly, 
smelted  lead,  merchandise  and  liquor  were  the  principal  return 
to  the  miner  for  his  labor,  as  the  distance  from  market  and  the 
general  condition  of  the  country  precluded  enlarged  capital  and 
enterprise.  Since  the  war  capital  has  developed  the  hidden 
wealth,  and  systematized  labor,  and  rendered  it  remunerative. 
This,  with  the  additional  railroad  facilities,  has  brought  the 
county  prominently  and  rapidly  before  the  public  as  one  of  the 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  29 

most  wonderful  mining  districts  of  the  world.  The  total  produc- 
tion of  lead  in  Jasper  County  for  the  centennial  year  was,  accord- 
ing to  the  estimates  of  the  best  authorities,  over  half  the  entire 
lead  production  of  the  State,  and  more  than  the  entire  lead  produc- 
tion of  any  other  State  in  the  Union.  Later  statistics  show  a  steady 
and  rapid  increase  in  the  yield  of  these  mines. 

One  fact,  worthy  of  notice,  is,  that  Jasper  County,  the  great- 
est lead  producing  county  of  the  greatest  lead  producing  State, 
raises  every  year,  upon  her  farms,  products  of  more  value  than 
the  lead  dug  in  any  one  year  from  her  mines. 

IRON. 

In  the  mining,  shipping,  smelting  and  manufacturing  of  the 
ores  of  iron,  there  is,  perhaps,  more  capital  invested  and  more 
labor  employed  than  in  all  the  other  metal  industries  of  our  State 
combined. 

There  are  three  principal  and  important  iron  regions  in  Mis- 
souri, namely: 

The  Eastern  Region,  composed  of  the  southeastern  limonite 
district,  and  the  Iron  Mountain  specular  ore  district. 

The  Central  Region,  containing  principally  specular  ores. 

The  Western  or  Osage  Region,  with  its  limonites  and  red 
hematites. 

These  three  principal  regions  combined  form  a  broad  ore  belt 
running  across  the  State  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Osage,  in  a 
direction  about  parallel  to  the  course  of  the  Mississippi  River 
from  southeast  to  northwest,  between  the  thirtieth  and  fortieth 
township  lines.  The  specular  ores  occupy  the  middle  portion  of 
this  belt,  the  limonites  both  ends  of  it.  The  latter  are  besides 
spread  over  the  whole  southern  half  of  the  State,  while  these  sub- 
carboniferous  hematites  occur  only  along  the  southern  border  of 
the  North  Missouri  coal  field,  having  thus  an  independent  dis- 
tribution, and  being  principally  represented  in  Callaway,  St.  Clair 
and  Henry  Counties. 

Iron  Mountain  is  the  greatest  exposure  of  specular  iron  yet 
discovered.  It  is  the  result  of  igneous  action,  and  is  the  purest 
mass  or  body  of  ore  known.  The  work  of  years  has  only  just  un- 
covered the  massive  columns  of  specular  ore  that  seems  to  pass 


30  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

down  through  the  porphyry  and  granite  to  the  source  of  their  exist- 
ence. The  region  about  is  covered  with  the  ore  debris.  The 
broken  masses  have  the  same  general  color  and  quality  as  the 
vein  ore  of  Iron  Mountain.  The  fresh  fracture  presents  a  ligli  t  gray, 
tinged  distinctly  with  blue.  The  crystallization  is  often  coarse, 
presenting  an  irregular  fracture.  All  the  ore  is  more  or  less  mag- 
netic. The  streak  is  a  bright  cherry  red,  and  possesses  the  hard- 
ness of  6.  Analysis  shows  it  to  contain  from  65  to  69  per  cent 
of  metallic  iron. 

The  ore  of  Shepherd  Mountain  is  called  a  magnetite.  In  some 
portions  of  the  veins  it  shows  itself  to  be  granular,  brown  in  color, 
and  to  have  a  clear  black  streak.  Other  portions  present  all  the 
qualities  of  a  specular  ore.  In  portions  of  the  specular,  as  well 
as  magnetite,  beautiful  crystals  of  micaceous  ore  are  found.  The 
streak  of  this  specular  and  micaceous  is  a  dark  red ;  the 
hardness  is  about  5,  with  from  64  to  67  per  cent  of  metallic 
iron.  The  magnetic  qualities  of  this  ore  are  quite  variable, 
usually  the  strongest  at  or  near  the  surface,  but  this  is  not 
the  case  in  all  the  veins.  The  ore  of  Shepherd  Mountain  is 
superior  to  any  yet  developed  in  Missouri,  not  quite  as  rich  as 
that  of  Iron  Mountain,  but  so  uniform  in  character,  and  devoid  of 
sulphur  and  phosphoric  acid  that  it  may  be  classed  as  supe- 
rior to  that,  or  any  other  ore  that  we  have. 

The  ore  of  Pilot  Knob  is  fine  grained,  very  light  bluish  gray 
in  color,  and  with  a  hardness  representing  6,  with  a  luster  siib- 
metallic.  There  is  a  most  undoubted  stratification  to  the  deposi- 
tion, occurring  as  before  indicated.  The  ore  of  Pilot  Knob 
gives  from  53  to  60  per  cent  metallic  iron,  and  is  almost  free 
from  deleterious  substances.  The  ore  below  the  slate  seam  is 
much  the  best,  containing  only  about  from  5  to  12  per  cent  of 
eilica,  while  the  poorer  ores  show  sometimes  as  high  as  40  per 
cent.  There  have  been  more  than  200,000  surface  feet  of  ore  de- 
termined to  exist  here. 

The  Scotia  Iron  Banks,  located  on  the  Meramec  River,  in 
Crawford  County,  are  most  remarkable  formations.  Here  the 
specular  ore  is  a  deep,  steel  gray  color,  with  a  metallic  luster. 
The  crystals  are  fine,  and  quite  regular  in  uniformity.  This  ore 
is  found  in  the  shape  of  boulders,  sometimes  small  and  sometimes 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUBI.  31 

of  immense  size,  resting  in  soft  red  hematites,  that  have  been  pro- 
duced by  the  disintegration  of  the  specular  ores.  These  boulders 
contain  a  great  number  of  small  cavities  in  which  the  ore  has  as- 
sumed botryoidal  forms ;  and  upon  these,  peroxide  iron  crystalliza- 
tions are  so  formed  that  a  most  gorgeous  show  of  prismatic  colors 
is  presented.  The  hardness  of  this  ore  is  about  6 ;  the  soft  red 
ore,  in  which  it  occurs,  not  more  than  2^. 

In  these  banks  there  are  some  carbonates  and  ochraceous  ores, 
but  not  in  any  quantity  to  deteriorate  or  materially  change  the 
character  of  the  other  ores.  Many  of  the  boulders  present  a  soft 
red  mass  with  a  blue  specular  kernel  in  the  center.  This  ore  is 
found  to  be  slightly  magnetic,  and  gives  from  58  to  69  per  cent 
metallic  iron. 

Simmons  Mountain,  one-half  mile  south  of  Salem,  Dent 
County,  is  about  100  feet  high,  and  covers  nearly  forty  acres. 
The  second  sandstone  is  the  country  rock  and  at  the  summit  is 
uncovered,  and  mixed  Avitli  specular  and  brown  ores.  Down  the 
elevation  larger  masses  of  ore  are  met  with  that  have  the  appear- 
ance of  being  drifts  from  the  main  deposit  higher  up.  Shafts 
have  been  sunk  in  this  elevation  determining  more  than  thirty 
feet  of  solid  ore.  The  ore  is  a  splendid,  close,  compact,  brilliant 
epecular,  very  hard  and  free  from  deleterious  substances.  The 
ores  of  this  mountain  do  not  show  nearly  as  much  metamorphism 
as  many  of  the  other  banks  in  the  second  sandstone  of  this  re- 
gion. The  ore  is  quite  strongly  magnetic,  and  gives  a  bright 
red  streak.  This  is  the  largest  specular  iron  deposit,  with  the 
exception  of  Iron  Mountain,  that  is  known  in  the  State. 

Some  of  the  most  extensive  red  hematite  banks  in  Missouri 
are  located  in  Franklin  County.  Along  the  Bourbense  there  are 
thirteen  exposures  of  fine  red  hematite  iron  ore.  Near  Dry 
Branch  Station  is  an  elevation,  capped  at  the  summit  with  saccha- 
roidal  sandstone,  beneath  which  there  is  a  large  body  of  red  and 
epecular  ore.  The  red  hematite,  however,  predominates,  and  is 
remarkably  pure  and  free  from  sulphur  or  other  deleterious  sub- 
stances. The  sinking  of  a  number  of  shafts  upon  this  hill 
reaches  the  deposits  in  several  places,  in  all  of  which  the  red  hem- 
atite shows  itself  to  be  the  prevailing  ore.  This  ore  will  be  found 
to  work  well  with  the  hard  specular  and  ores  of  the  siliceous 
character,  like  Pilot  Knob. 


32  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

In  Miller,  Maries,  Cole  and  Camden  Counties,  also  in  Bol- 
linger, Stoddard  and  Butler  Counties,  along  the  line  of  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  there  are  a  number 
of  red  hematite  banks  of  considerable  promise.  There  are  simi- 
lar banks  in  the  northern  part  of  Texas  and  Wright  Counties, 
and  in  Morgan,  Benton,  Cedar  and  Laclede. 

In  Wayne  County  there  are  over  seventy  different  limonite 
ore  banks.  In  Miller,  Maries,  Camden,  Cole,  Moniteau  and  Cal- 
laway Counties  there  are  very  extensive  banks  of  the  same  kind. 
In  Morgan,  Benton,  St.  Clair,  Cedar,  Hickory  and  Vernon  Coun- 
ties, considerable  brown  hematite  has  been  found. 

In  Franklin,  Gasconade,  Phelps,  Crawford,  Laclede,  Chris- 
tian, Webster  and  Green  Counties,  large  limonite  beds  have  been 
found.  In  the  Moselle  region  very  large  deposits  have  been 
opened  and  worked  for  many  years.  In  Osage  County  there  are 
a  number  of  promising  brown  ore  banks,  as  well  as  fine  specvdar 
and  red  hematite. 

It  is  impossible,  in  the  brief  space  at  our  command,  to  de- 
scribe the  number  of  banks,  rich  in  iron  ore,  which  are  situated 
in  the  above  and  other  counties  of  our  State;  but  a  glance  at  the 
tables  found  in  the  works  of  prominent  geologists  of  the  State, 
will  give  some  idea  of  the  resources  of  Missouri  as  an  iron  pro- 
ducing region. 

ZINC. 

The  ores  of  zinc  in  Missouri  are  almost  as  numerous  as  those 
of  lead.  They  are  distributed  throughout  almost  all  the  geolog- 
ical strata,  and  scattered  through  nearly  every  mineral  district; 
but  the  principal  supply  of  the  metal  for  commercial  purposes  is 
obtained  from  a  very  few  ores,  the  more  important  of  which  are 
zinc  blende  (sulphuret  of  zinc),  the  silicate  of  zinc  and  the 
carbonate  of  zinc,  and  these  are  furnished  by  a  comparatively 
few  localities. 

In  reference  to  their  geological  position,  the  ores  are  in  two 
classes:  The  first  class  includes  all  zinc  ores  which  occur  in  the 
regular  veins  of  the  older  rocks,  and  hence  are  associated  with 
other  metalliferous  ores.  The  second  mode  of  occurrence,  and 
the  ore  by  far  of  paramount  importance  in  Missouri,  is  that  of 
the  third  magnesian  limestone  of  the  lower  silurian  series,  where 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  33 

it  usually  occurs  in  association  with  galena  in  the  cave  formation. 

Zinc  blende  abounds  at  Granby  and  Joplin,  and  is  found  at 
many  other  mines  of  the  southwest.  It  also  occurs  at  the  lead 
mines  of  Franklin  and  Washington  Counties,  and  at  some  other 
points  in  Southeast  Missouri. 

The  pockets  of  coal  in  Central  Missouri  nearly  all  contain 
zinc  blende.  The  lead  mines  of  the  same  section  also  sometimes 
■carry  it. 

There  are  quantities  of  silicate  of  zinc  at  Granby  and  Joplin, 
and  the  ore  is  found  at  most  of  the  lead  mines  of  the  southwest, 
and  occasionally  in  Central  and  Southeast  Missouri.  Carbonate 
of  zinc  occurs  at  Granby,  Joplin,  Minersville  and  Valle's  mines. 
It  is  in  the  Granby,  Joplin  and  Valle  mining  districts  that  zinc 
ore  is  principally  worked. 

COPPER. 

Several  varieties  of  copper  ore  exist  in  the  Missouri  mines. 
The  copper  mines  of  Shannon,  Madison  and  Franklin  Counties 
have  been  known  for  a  long  time.  Some  of  those  in  Shannon 
and  Franklin  were  once  worked  with  bright  prospects  of  success, 
and  some  in  Madison  have  yielded  good  results  for  many  years. 

Deposits  of  copper  have  been  discovered  in  Dent,  Crawford, 
IBenton,  Maries,  Green,  Lawrence,  Dade,  Taney,  Dallas,  Phelps, 
Eeynolds  and  Wright  Counties,  but  the  mines  in  Franklin,  Shan- 
non, Madison,  Crawford,  Dent  and  Washington  give  greater 
promise  of  yielding  profitable  results  than  any  other  yet  dis- 
covered. 

NICKEL    AND    COBALT. 

These  ores  abound  at  Mine  La  Motte  and  the  old  copper 
mines  in  Madison  County,  and  are  also  found  at  the  St.  Joseph 
mines. 

Sulphuret  of  nickel,  in  beautiful  hair-like  crystals,  is  found 
in  the  limestone  at  St.  Louis,  occupjdng  drusy  cavities,  resting 
on  calcite  or  fluor  spar. 

MANGANESE. 

The  peroxide  of  manganese  has  been  found  in  several  locali- 
ties in  Ste.  Genevieve  and  other  counties. 


34  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

SILVER  AND  GOLD. 

Silver  occurs  to  a  limited  extent  in  nearly  all  the  lead  mines 
in  the  State.  Gold,  though  found  in  small  quantities,  has  never 
been  profitably  worked  in  any  part  of  Missouri. 

MARBLE. 

Missouri  has  numerous  and  extensive  beds  of  marble  of  vari- 
ous shades  and  qualities.  Some  of  them  are  very  valuable,  and 
are  an  important  item  in  the  resources  of  the  State. 

Fort  Scott  marble  is  a  hard,  black,  fine-grained  marble,  with 
veins  of  yellow,  buff  and  brown.  It  receives  a  fine  polish,  and  is 
very  beautiful.  It  belongs  to  the  coal  measures,  and  is  common 
in  the  western  part  of  Vernon  County. 

There  are  several  beds  of  fine  marbles  in  the  St.  Louis  lime- 
stone, of  St.  Louis  County. 

The  fourth  division  of  encrinital  limestone  is  a  white,  coarse- 
grained crystalline  marble  of  great  durability.  It  crops  out  in 
several  places  in  Marion  County. 

The  lithographic  limestone  furnishes  a  fine,  hard-grained, 
bluish-drab  marble,  that  contrasts  finely  with  white  varieties  in 
tessellated  pavements. 

The  Cooper  marble  of  the  devonian  limestone  has  numerous 
pellucid  crystals  of  calcareous  spar  disseminated  through  a  drab 
or  bluish-drab,  fine  compact  base.  It  exists  in  great  quantities 
in  some  localities  of  Cooper  and  Mai'ion  Counties,  and  is  admira- 
bly adapted  to  many  ornamental  uses.  There  are  extensive  beds 
of  fine,  variegated  marbles  in  the  upper  silurian  limestones  of 
Cape  Girardeau  County.  Cape  Girardeau  marble  is  also  a  part 
of  the  Trenton  limestone,  located  near  Cape  Girardeau.  It  is 
nearly  white,  strong  and  durable.  This  bed  is  also  found  near 
Glencoe,  St.  Louis  County. 

In  the  magnesian  limestone  series  there  are  several  beds  of 
very  excellent  marble.  Near  Ironton  there  are  beds  of  semi- 
crystalline,  light-colored  marbles,  beautifully  clouded  with  buff 
and  flesh  colors.  In  the  third  magnesian  limestone,  on  the 
Niangua,  is  a  fine-grained,  crystalline,  silico-magnesian  limestone, 
light  drab,  slightly  tinged  with  peach  blossom,  and  beautifully 
clouded  with  deep  flesh-colored  shades.  It  is  twenty  feet  thick, 
and  crops  out  in  the  bluffs  of  the  Niangua  for  a  long  distance. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOTJBI.  35 

There  are  numerous  other  beds  in  the  magnesian  limestones, 
some  of  which  are  white  and  others  so  clouded  as  to  present  the 
appearance  of  breccias. 

The  Ozark  marbles  are  well  known,  some  of  them  having 
been  used  to  ornament  the  Capitol  at  Washington.  Wherever 
the  magnesian  limestones  come  near  the  igneous  rocks,  we  may 
expect  to  find  them  so  changed  as  to  present  beds  of  the  beautifiil 
variegated  marbles. 

SULPHATE    or    BARYTA. 

In  its  pure  white  form,  this  mineral  is  very  abundant  in  Mis- 
souri. It  occurs  in  large  beds  in  the  mining  regions,  as  the 
gangue  of  our  lead  veins,  and  as  large  masses,  especially  in  the 
magnesian  limestone  of  the  lower  silurian  rocks.  It  is  utilized 
as  a  pigment  in  connection  with  lead,  and  may  be  made  valuable 
for  the  same  purpose  in  connection  with  some  of  our  ferruginous 
and  argillaceous  paints. 

CLAYS. 

Fire  clays,  possessing  refractory  qualities,  suitable  for  making 
fire  brick,  occur  beneath  most  of  the  thicker  coal  seams. 

Potter's  clay  is  abundant,  especially  among  the  coal  measure 
clays.  It  is  also  sometimes  found  associated  with  the  lowei-*  car- 
boniferous rocks. 

Kaolin  is  only  found  in  Southeast  Missouri,  where  porphyries 
or  granites  prevail. 

Brick  clays  have  been  found  and  worked  in  nearly  all  the 
counties  where  there  has  been  a  demand  for  them.  The  argilla- 
ceous portions  of  the  bluflf  formation  make  good  brick,  as  shown 
in  the  brick  yards  all  along  our  large  rivers.  Some  of  the  ter- 
tiary clays  will  make  the  very  best  brick. 

CAVES,    ETC. 

There  are  several  very  interesting  and  quite  remarkable  caves 
in  the  State.  Hannibal  Cave,  situated  one  mile  below  the  city  of 
Hannibal,  and  aboiit  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  Mississippi 
River,  is  approached  through  a  broad  ravine,  hemmed  in  by  lofty 
ridges,  which  are  at  right  angles  with  the  river.  The  ante- 
chamber is  about  eight  feet  high  and  fifteen  feet  long.     This 


36  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

descends  into  the  Narrows,  thence  through  Grand  Avenue  to 
Washington  Avenue,  and  througli  the  latter  to  Altar  Chamber. 
This  is  a  ferruginous  limestone  formation,  and  crystal  quartz, 
carbonate  of  lime  and  sulphate  of  magnesia  abound.  Stalactites 
and  stalagmites  are  continually  forming  by  limestone  percola- 
tions. In  Bat  Avenue  Chamber  the  bats  may  be  seen  hanging 
from  the  ceiling  in  clusters,  like  swarms  of  bees,  some  of  them 
fifteen  inches  from  tip  to  tip.  Washington  Avenue,  over  sixteen 
feet  high,  with  long  corridoi's  of  stalactites  and  stalagmites,  is  the 
largest  division  of  the  cave.  It  contains  a  spring,  and  a  deep 
pool,  in  which  are  found  the  wonderful  eyeless  fish.  The  Devil's 
Hall,  Alligator  Rock,  Elephant's  Head,  two  natural  wells  filled 
with  limpid  water.  Table  Rock,  and  numbers  of  other  curiosities, 
will  amply  repay  the  tourist  for  his  exploration. 

Cliff  Cave,  thirteen  miles  below  St.  Louis,  has  been  utilized 
by  the  Cliff  Cave  Wine  Company  as  a  wine  cellar. 

There  are  several  caves  in  Miller  County,  the  largest  of  which 
is  on  Big  Tavern  Creek,  in  the  bluff  near  its  confluence  with  the 
Osage  River.  The  entrance  is  about  twenty-five  feet  square,  and 
is  situated  thirty  or  forty  feet  above  the  river,  in  a  solid  lime- 
stone bluff.  During  the  civil  war  it  was  used  as  a  retreat  by  the 
bandit,  Crabtree.  The  stalactite  formations  are  of  strange  and 
fantastic  appearance,  some  of  them  looking  like  colossal  images 
of  marble,  and  the  whole  effect  by  torchlight  is  weird  and 
solemn. 

Phelps  County  contains  several  interesting  caves,  the  most 
accessible  of  which  is  Freide's  Cave,  about  nine  miles  northwest 
of  RoUa.  Its  mouth  is  60  feet  in  width  and  35  feet  in  height. 
It  has  been  penetrated  to  a  distance  of  three  miles  without  find- 
ing any  outlet.  The  Stalactite  Chamber  is  a  beautiful  apartment 
200  yards  in  length,  varying  from  15  to  30  feet  in  width,  and 
from  5  to  30  feet  in  height.  The  Bat  Chamber  contains  thou- 
sands of  wagon  loads  of  guano,  which  is  extensively  used  by  the 
farmers  of  the  neighborhood.  The  cave  also  contains  quantities 
of  saltpetre,  and  during  the  war  large  amounts  of  powder  were 
manufactured  there. 

There  are  also  caves  in  Christian  County.  The  principal  one 
is  two  and  a  half  miles  northeast  of  Ozark.     Its  entrance  is 


HISTOKY    OF     MISSOUKI.  37 

through  a  rock  arch  50  feet  across  and  80  feet  high.  About  400 
feet  from  the  entrance,  the  passage  is  so  contracted  that  the  ex- 
plorer must  crawl  through  on  his  hands  and  knees.  A  fine 
stream  of  water,  clear  and  cold,  gurgles  down  through  the  cave. 

About  twelve  miles  south  of  Ozark,  near  the  Forsyth  road, 
on  the  top  of  a  very  high  hill,  is  a  small  opening,  which,  about 
100  feet  from  the  surface,  exjjands  into  a  hall  30  feet  wide  and 
about  400  feet  long,  the  sides  and  top  of  which  are  of  rock  lined 
with  beautiful  stalactites. 

In  Stone  County  at  least  twenty-five  caves  have  been  explored 
and  many  more  discovered.  One  mile  from  Galena  is  an  exten- 
sive cave  from  which  the  early  settlers  procured  saltpetre  in  large 
quantities.  About  two  and  a  half  miles  above  this  is  a  smaller 
one  of  great  beauty.  From  the  ceiling  depend  glittering  stalac- 
tites, while  the  floor  sparkles  with  fragments  of  gem-like  luster. 
A  pearly  wall,  of  about  half  an  inch  in  thickness  and  15  inches 
high  encloses  a  miniature  lake,  through  whose  pellucid  waters 
the  wavy  stalagmite  bottom  of  this  natural  basin  can  be  plainly 
seen.  The  sacred  stillness  of  the  vaulted  chamber  render.s  its 
name,  "The  Baptismal  Font,"  a  peculiarly  fitting  one. 

A  cave  about  twelve  miles  from  Galena  is  well  known  among 
curiosity  seekers  in  the  adjacent  country.  The  entrance  cham- 
ber is  a  large  dome-shaped  room,  whose  ceiling  is  very  high ;  a 
glittering  mound  of  stalagmites  rises  in  the  center  of  the  room, 
nearly  one-third  the  height  of  the  ceiling;  stretching  out  at 
right  angles  from  this  are  long  shining  halls  leading  to  other 
grand  arched  chambers,  gorgeous  enough  for  the  revels  of  the 
gnome  king,  and  all  the  genii  of  the  subterranean  world.  One 
can  not  but  think  of  the  Inferno,  as, wandering  down  a  labyrinth- 
ian  passage,  he  reaches  the  verge  of  an  abyss,  striking  perpen- 
dicularly to  unknown  and  echoless  depths.  The  name,  "  Bot- 
tomless Pit,"  is  well  bestowed  on  this  yawning  gulf. 

Knox  Cave,  in  Green  County,  about  seven  miles  northwest  of 
Springfield,  is  of  large  dimensions,  and  hung  in  some  parts  with 
the  most  beautiful  stalactites. 

Fisher's  Cave,  six  miles  southeast  of  Springfield,  is  of  simi- 
lar dimensions,  and  has  a  beautiful  stream  of  water  flowing  out 
of  it. 


38  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

There  are  a  number  of  saltpetre  caves  along  the  banks  of 
the  Gasconade,  which  were  once  profitably  worked.  Some  of 
these  caves  are  large  and  interesting,  consisting  frequently  of  a 
succession  of  rooms  joined  to  each  other  by  arched  halls  of  a 
considerable  height,  with  walls  of  white  limestone,  upon  which, 
as  well  as  upon  the  floors,  the  saltpetre  is  deposited,  and  is  gen- 
erally so  pure  as  to  need  but  one  washing  to  prepare  it  for  use 
or  export.  When  these  caves  were  first  discovered,  it  was  not 
uniisual  to  find  in  them  stone-axes  and  hammers  which  led 
to  the  belief  that  they  had  formerly  been  worked  for  some  un- 
known purpose  by  the  savages.  It  is  doubtful  whether  these 
tools  were  left  there  by  the  Indians  or  by  another  and  more  civil- 
ized race  which  preceded  them. 

There  are  numerous  caves  in  Perry  County,  two  of  which 
penetrate  beneath  Perryville. 

Connor's  Cave,  seven  miles  southeast  of  Columbia,  has  an  en- 
trance twenty  feet  wide  and  eight  feet  high,  and  has  been  ex- 
plored for  several  miles. 

There  are  extensive  and  beautiful  caves  in  Texas,  Webster, 
La^vi'ence,  Laclede,  Oregon  and  several  other  counties. 

MINERAL   SPRINGS. 

Salt  springs  are  exceedingly  abundant  in  the  central  part  of 
the  State.  They  discharge  vast  quantities  of  brine  in  Cooper, 
Saline,  Howard  and  the  adjoining  counties.  These  brines  are 
near  the  navigable  waters  of  the  Missouri,  in  the  midst  of  an 
abundance  of  wood  and  coal,  and  might  furnish  salt  enough  to 
supply  all  the  markets  of  the  continent. 

Sulphur  Springs  are  also  numerous  throughout  the  State. 
The  Chouteau  Springs  in  Cooper,  the  Monagaw  Springs  in  St. 
Clair,  the  Elk  Springs  in  Pike,  and  the  Cheltenham  Springs  in 
St.  Louis  County,  have  acquired  considerable  reputation  as  me- 
dicinal waters,  and  have  become  popular  places,  of  resort.  There 
are  similar  sulphur  springs  in  other  parts  of  the  State. 

Chalybcaie  Springs. — There  are  a  great  many  springs  in  the 
State  which  are  impregnated  with  some  of  the  salts  of  iron. 
Those  containing  carbonates  and  sulphates  are  most  common,  and 
several  of  these  are  quite  celebrated  for  their  medicinal  properties. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  39 

Sweet  Springs  on  the  Blackwater,  and  the  Chalybeate  Spring 
in  the  University  campus,  are  perhaps  the  most  noted  of  the 
kind  in  the  State.  The  Sweet  Springs  flow  from  cavities  in  the 
upper  beds  of  the  Burlington  limestone.  The  hill  is  here  forty- 
seven  feet  high  above  water  in  the  Blackwater,  spreading  out  at 
the  back  in  a  flat  table-land.  The  spring  itself  is  about  twenty- 
feet  above  the  river,  and  has  a  sweetish  alkaline  taste.  It  is  use- 
ful as  a  promoter  of  general  good  health,  and  is  much  resorted  to 
at  the  proper  season.  The  water  is  used  for  ordinary  cooking 
and  drinking  purposes,  except  for  making  tea. 

Petroleum  Springs. — These  are  found  in  Carroll,  Ray,  Ran- 
dolph, Cass,  Lafayette,  Bates,  Vernon  and  other  counties.  Many 
of  these  springs  discharge  considerable  quantities  of  oil.  The 
variety  called  lubricating  oil  is  the  most  common.  It  is  impossi- 
ble to  tell  whether  petroleum  will  be  found  in  paying  quantities 
in  these  localities,  but  there  is  scarcely  a  doubt  that  there  are 
reservoirs  of  considerable  quantities. 

MANUFACTURING. 

The  state  of  Missouri  presents  every  facility  for  extensive  and 
successful  manufacturing ;  abundant  timber  of  the  best  quality, 
exhaustless  deposits  of  coal,  iron,  lead,  zinc,  marble  and  granite, 
unmeasured  water  power,  distributed  over  the  State,  a  home  mar- 
ket among  an  industrious  and  wealth-accumulating  people,  and  a 
system  of  navigable  rivers  and  railway  trunk  line  and  branches, 
that  permeate,  not  only  the  State,  but  reach  out  in  direct  lines 
fi'om  giilf  to  lake,  and  from  ocean  to  ocean. 

Of  the  manufacturing  in  Missouri  over  three-quarters  of  the 
whole  is  done  in  St.  Louis,  which  produced  in  1880,  $114,333,375 
worth  of  manufactured  articles,  thus  placing  her  as  the  sixth 
manufacturing  city  in  the  Union,  being  surpassed  only  by  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  Chicago,  Brooklyn  and  Boston. 

The  leading  manufacturing  counties  of  the  State  are  St.  Louis, 
Jackson,  Buchanan,  St.  Charles,  Marion,  Franklin,  Greene,  Cape 
Girardeau,  Platte,  Boone,  Lafayette,  followed  by  Macon,  Clay, 
Phelps,  St.  Francois,  Washington  and  Lewis. 

The  subjoined  table,  arranged  from  the  tenth  United  States 
census,  will  give  the  reader   a  comprehensive  view  of  the  pres- 


40 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 


ent  state  of  manufacturing  in  Missouri,  and  its  variation  during^ 
recent  years. 


No.Es- 
tabUsb- 
ments. 

Average  Number  of 
Hands  Employed. 

Total  Amount 

Paid  in  Wages 

During 

the  Year. 

Value  of 
Materials. 

Year. 

Capital. 

Males 
Above 
16  Years. 

928 
1,053 
3,884 
6,474 

a 

©      2 

Value  of 
Products. 

1860 
1860 
1870 
1880 

2,923 
3,157 
11,871 
8,592 

$  8,576,607     j  14,880 
20,034,220        18,628 
80,267,244        66,904 
72,607,844       64,200 

6,566 
4,321 

$  4,692,648 

6,669,916 

31,055,445 

24,309,716 

S  12,798,351 

23,849,941 

115,533,269 

110,798,392 

S  24,324,418 

41,782,731 
206,213,429 
165,386,205 

The  products  of  the  principal  lines  of  manufacturing  inter- 
ests, for  the  year  1880,  are  as  follows:  flouring  and  grist  mills, 
$32,438,831;  slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  §14,628,630;  tobac- 
co, 16,810,719;  iron,  steel,  etc.,  $5,154,090;  liquors,  distilled  and 
malt,  $5,575,607;  clothing,  $4,409,376;  lumber,  $6,533,253;  bag- 
ging and  bags,  $2,597,395;  saddlery  and  harness,  $3,976,175; 
oil,  $851,000;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  $6,798,832: 
printing  and  publishing,  $4,452,962;  sugar  and  molasses,  $4,475,- 
740;  boots  and  shoes,  $1,982,993;  furniture,  $2,380,562;  paints, 
$2,825,860;  carriages  and  wagons,  $2,483,738;  marble  and  stone 
works,  $1,003,544;  bakery  products,  $3,250,192;  brick  and  tile, 
$1,602,522;  tinware,  copper  ware  and  sheet-iron  ware,  $1,687,- 
320;  sash,  doors  and  blinds,  $1,232,670;  cooperage,  $1,904,822; 
agricultural  implements,  $1,141,822;  patent  medicines,  $1,197,- 
090;  soap  and  candles,  $1,704,194;  confectionery,  $1,247,235; 
drugs  and  chemicals,  $1,220,211;  gold  and  silver  reduced  and  re- 
fined, $4,158,606. 

These,  together  with  all  other  mechanical  industries,  aggre- 
gate $165,386,205. 

RAILROADS. 

Since  1852,  when  railroad  building  began  in  Missouri,  be- 
tween 4,000  and  5,000  miles  of  track  have  been  laid.  Addi- 
tional roads  are  now  in  process  of  construction,  and  many  others 
in  contemplation.  The  State  is  well  supplied  with  railroads 
which  tread  her  surface  in  all  directions,  bringing  her  remotest 
districts  into  close  connection  with  St.  Louis,  that  great  center 
of  western  commerce.  These  roads  have  a  capital  stock  aggre- 
gating more  than  $100,000,000,  and  a  funded  debt  of  about  the 
same  amount. 


HISTOEY    OF     MISSOURI.  41 

The  lines  of  roads  which  are  in  operation  in  the  State  are  as 
follows : 

The  Missouri  Pacific,  chartered  May  10,  1850;  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  which  is  a  consolidation  of 
the  Arkansas  branch ;  the  Cairo,  Arkansas  &  Texas  Railroad ; 
the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad;  the  Wabash  Western  Railway;  the 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railway;  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad;  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad;  the  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad;  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  & 
Council  Bluffs  Railroad;  the  Keokuk  &  Kansas  City  Railway 
Company ;  the  St.  Louis,  Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad  Company^ 
the  Missouri  &  Western;  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwest- 
ern Railroad;  the  St.  Louis,  Hannibal  &  Keokuk  Railroad;  the 
Missouri,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railway;  the  Quincy,  Missouri  & 
Pacific  Railroad;  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe  Pacific  Railway; 
the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad. 

STEAM    CEAFT. 

In  1880  there  were  167  steam  crafts  owned  in  Missouri,  in- 
cluding sixty  passenger  steamers,  thirty-seven  fei-ry-boats,  thir- 
teen freight  steamers,  forty-six  tow  boats  and  eleven  yachts. 
Their  combined  tonnage  was  60,873.50;  their  total  value, 
$2,098,800;  their  crews  numbered  2,733  persons,  whose  wages 
amounted  to  $1,423,375,  or  an  average  of  $281.13  to  each  per- 
son during  the  season;  the  number  of  passengers  carried  was 
642,303;  the  freight  in  tons  2,556,815;  coal  used  for  fuel,  399,659 
tons;  wood  used  for  fuel,  25,085  cords;  gross  earnings  of  all  the 
steam  crafts,  $5,560,949. 

WEALTH. 

The  total  valuation  of  Missouri  real  estate  and  personal 
property,  according  to  the  census  of  1880,  was  $532,795,801; 
of  which  her  real  estate  was  valued  at  $381,985,112,  and 
her  personal  property  at  $150,810,689.  At  that  time  the 
bonded  debt  of  the  State  was  $55,446,001;  the  floating  debt, 
$2,722,941;  the  gross  debt,  $58,168,942;  the  sinking  fund, 
$681,558,  and  the  net  debt,  $57,487,384. 


42  HISTOBY    OF     MISSOUBI. 

THE    INDIANS. 

When  Christopher  Columbus  set  sail  fi-om  the  port  of  Palos, 
it  was  with  no  expectation  of  finding  a  new  continent,  but  with 
the  hope  of  discovering  a  direct  western  route  to  those  far-famed 
Indies  whose  fabulous  riches  were  the  unfailing  theme  of  travel- 
ers and  geographers.  Even  to  the  day  of  his  death  the  illus- 
trious explorer  had  no  suspicion  of  having  discovered  other  than 
the  remote  islands  and  shores  of  the  old  world,  and,  accordingly, 
he  called  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  mysterious  country  "Indians  " 
—  a  name  which  has  not  only  outlasted  the  error  of  early  navi- 
gators, but  is  destined  to  cling  to  this  unhappy  race  as  long  as  a 
vestige  of  it  remains.  Whence  they  came,  and  to  what  other 
family  of  the  earth  they  are  allied,  or  whether  they  were  origi- 
nally created  a  distinct  people  in  the  forest  wilds  of  America,  have 
been  questions  much  mooted  among  the  learned  and  unlearned 
of  modern  times,  but  thus  far  have  elicted  only  hypotheses  in 
reply.  The  most  common  supposition  is,  however,  that  the 
Indians  are  a  derivative  race,  sprung  from  one  of  the  more  ancient 
people  of  Asia,  and  that  they  came  to  this  continent  by  way  of 
Behring's  Strait,  and  this,  doubtless,  is  the  true  theory. 

The  tribes  with  whom  the  first  settlers  of  Missouri  came 
principally  in  contact  were  the  Pottawattomies,  the  lowas,  the 
Kickapoos,  the  Sacs  and  the  Foxes. 

OTHER    RACES. 

The  ancient  cities  of  Central  America,  judging  from  their 
magnificent  ruins,  consisting  of  broken  columns,  fallen  arches 
and  the  crumbling  walls  of  temples,  palaces  and  pyramids, 
which,  in  some  places,  bestrew  the  ground  for  miles,  must  have 
been  of  great  extent,  magnificent  and  very  populous.  When  the 
vast  period  of  time  necessary  to  erect  such  colossal  structures, 
and  the  time  required  to  reduce  them  to  their  present  ruined 
state  are  considered,  something  can  be  conceived  of  their  antiq- 
uity. These  edifices  must  have  been  old  before  many  of  the 
ancient  cities  of  the  Orient  were  built,  and  they  point,  without 
doubt,  to  a  civilization  at  once  considerably  advanced  and  very 
far  removed  from  the  present. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  43 

THE    MOUND-BUILDEES. 

Of  a  much  less  degree  of  culture,  but  reaching  back  into  an 
antiquity  so  remote  as  to  have  left  behind  no  vestige  of  tradi- 
tion, the  Mound-Builders  present  themselves  to  the  archseologist 
as  a  half-civilized  people  who  once  occupied  Missouri  and  vari- 
ous other  parts  of  the  country  now  included  in  the  United  States. 
This  pre-historic  race  has  acquired  its  name  from  the  numerous 
large  mounds  of  earth  left  by  them.  Remains  of  what  were  ap- 
parently villages,  altars,  temples,  idols,  burial  places,  monuments, 
camps,  fortifications  and  pleasure  grounds  have  been  found,  but 
nothing  showing  that  any  material  save  earth  was  used  in  the 
construction  of  their  habitations.  At  first  these  works  were  sup- 
posed to  be  of  Indian  origin,  but  careful  examination  has  re- 
vealed the  fact  that — despite  several  adverse  theories — they  must 
have  been  reared  by  a  people  as  distinct  from  the  North  Ameri- 
can Indian  as  were  those  later  people  of  Central  America.  Up- 
on making  excavations  in  these  mounds,  human  skeletons  were 
found  with  skulls  differing  from  those  of  the  Indians,  together 
with  pottery  and  various  ornaments  and  utensils,  showing  con- 
siderable mechanical  skill.  From  the  comparatively  nude  state 
of  the  arts  among  them,  however,  it  has  been  inferred  that  the 
time  of  then"  migration  to  this  country,  if  indeed  they  did  mi- 
grate, was  very  remote.  Their  axes  were  of  stone,  their  raiment, 
judging  from  fragments  which  have  been  discovered,  consisted 
of  the  bark  of  trees  interwoven  with  feathers,  and  their  military 
works  were  such  as  a  people  would  erect  who  had  just  passed  to 
the  pastoral  state  of  society  from  that  dependent  alone  upon  hunt- 
ing and  fishing.  They  were,  no  doubt,  idolaters,  and  it  has  been 
conjectured  that  the  sun  was  the  object  of  their  adoration.  The 
mounds  were  generally  built  in  a  situation  affording  a  view  of 
the  rising  sun;  when  enclosed  in  walls  their  gateways  were  toward 
the  east;  the  caves  in  which  their  dead  were  occasionally  buried 
always  opened  in  the  same  direction ;  when  bodies  were  buried  in 
graves,  as  was  frequently  the  case,  they  were  laid  in  a  direction 
east  and  west,  and,  finally,  medals  have  been  found  representing 
the  sun  and  his  rays  of  light. 

The  mounds  and  other  ancient  earth-works  constructed  by 
this  people  are  far  more  abundant  than  is  generally  supposed, 


44  HISTORY    OF     MISSOUBI. 

from  the  fact  that  while  some  are  quite  large,  the  greater  part 
of  them  are  small  and  inconspicuous.  Along  nearly  all  the 
water  courses,  that  are  large  enough  to  be  navigated  by  a  canoe, 
the  mounds  are  almost  invariably  found,  so  that  when  one  places 
himself  in  such  positions  as  to  command  the  grandest  river 
scenery  he  is  almost  sure  to  discover  that  he  is  standing  upon  one 
of  these  ancient  fumuli,  or  in  close  proximity  thereto. 

St.  Louis  was  originally  known  as  the  "  Mound  City,"  from 
the  extent  and  variety  of  the  curious  monuments  found  there,  and 
althoueh  these,  as  well  as  numbers  of  others  scattered  over  vari- 
ous  parts  of  the  State,  have  been  defaced  or  entirely  obliterated, 
Missouri  still  presents  an  imusually  fruitful  field  of  investigation 
to  the  archfeologist.  This  is  particxilarly  true  of  the  southeastern 
counties,  especially  in  the  region  of  New  Madrid. 

Mr.  Breckenridge,  who  examined  the  antiquities  of  the  West 
in  1817,  speaking  of  the  mounds  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  says: 
"  I  have  sometimes  been  induced  to  think,  that,  at  the  period 
when  they  were  constructed,  there  was  a  population  here  as  nu- 
merous as  that  which  once  animated  the  borders  of  the  Nile  or 
Euphrates,  or  of  Mexico.  I  am  perfectly  satisfied  that  cities 
similar  to  those  of  ancient  Mexico,  of  several  hundred  thousand 
souls,  have  existed  in  this  country." 

EAELY    DISCOVEBIES    AND    EXPLOKEKS. 

Ferdinand  T)e  Soto,  a  Spanish  cavalier,  who  had  been  associ- 
ated with  Pizarro  in  the  conquet  of  Peru,  but  whose  ambition 
and  cupidity  were  only  increased  by  his  success  in  that  country, 
determined  to  possess  himself  also  of  the  boundless  wealth  re- 
puted to  lie  hidden  in  the  mines  of  Florida.  Undismayed  by  the 
fate  of  other  adventurers,  he  equipped  at  his  own  expense  a  band 
of  700  men,  or  more,  and  landed  in  Tampa  Bay,  in  the  spring  of 
1539.  Thence,  in  spite  of  hostile  Indians,  he  forced  his  way  to 
the  northwest,  and,  although  not  finding  gold  or  precious 
stones,  he  made  himself  immortal  as  the  discoverer,  in  1541,  of 
the  Mississippi  Eiver.  The  point  at  which  De  Soto  first  saw  the 
Mississippi  was  at  the  lower  Chickasaw  Bluffs,  a  few  miles  below 
Memphis.  There  he  constructed  boats,  and,  after  crossing  the 
stream,  proceeded  up  its  west  bank,  and  made  his  way  into  the  re- 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI.  45 

gion  now  known  as  New  Madrid,  in  Missouri.  At  this  point 
therefore,  and  at  tliis  time,  the  first  European  set  foot  on  the  soil 
of  Missouri.  In  1542,  overcome  by  disease,  privation  and  dis- 
couragement, De  Soto  died,  and  those  of  his  followers  who  re- 
mained, having  secretly  sunk  his  body  in  the  Mississippi,  lest  the 
Indians  should  discover  his  death,  floated  down  the  river  to  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  returned  to  their  homes.  The  design  of  the 
expedition  had  been  conquest  as  a  means  of  acquiring  gold,  and 
it  left  behind  no  traces  of  civilization. 

MARQUETTE. 

While  Spain  had  turned  her  attention  to  the  conquest  of 
Mexico,  South  America,  the  West  Indies  and  Florida,  and  En- 
glish colonists  had  made  feeble  beginnings  in  Virginia  and  New 
England,  the  French,  advancing  still  farther  north,  had  possessed 
themselves  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  and  were  fast  pushing 
their  way  into  the  interior  by  way  of  the  great  lakes.  Jacques 
Marquette,  a  Jesuit  missionary,  belonging  to  an  ancient  family 
of  France,  arrived  in  Canada  at  a  time  when  the  public  mind  was 
much  exercised  upon  the  subject  of  exploring  the  Mississippi 
Kiver.  A  plan  of  operations  was  accordingly  arranged,  and 
Louis  Joliet,  a  native  of  Canada,  joined  Father  Marquette  at  the 
Jesuit  mission  on  the  Straits  of  Mackinaw,  and  with  five  other 
Frenchmen  and  a  simple  outfit,  the  daring  explorers,  on  the  17th 
of  May,  1673,  set  out  on  their  perilous  voyage  to  re-discover  the 
great  river.  Coasting  along  the  northern  shore  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan they  entered  Green  Bay,  and  passed  thence  up  Fox  River 
and  Lake  Winnebago  to  a  village  of  the  Muscatines  ("Mascou- 
tens")  and  Miamis,  where  great  interest  was  taken  in  the  expe- 
dition by  the  natives.  Procuring  guides  they  proceeded  up  the 
river.  Arriving  at  a  portage  between  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin, 
they  soon  carried  their  light  canoes  and  scanty  baggage  to  the 
latter  stream,  about  three  miles  distant.  Their  guides  now 
refused  to  accompany  them  further,  and  endeavored,  by  reciting 
the  dangers  incident  to  the  voyage,  to  induce  them  to  return. 
They  stated  that  huge  demons  dwelt  in  the  great  river,  whose 
voices  could  be  heard  a  long  distance,  and  who  engulfed  in  the 
raging  waters  all  who  came  within  their  reach.     They  also  rep- 


46  HISTORY    OF     MISSOUBI. 

resented  that  if  any  of  them  should  escape  the  dangers  of  the 
river,  fierce  tribes  of  Indians  dwelt  upon  its  banks  ready  to  com- 
plete the  work  of  destruction.  The  explorers  proceeded  on  their 
journey,  however,  and  on  the  17th  of  June,  with  joy  inexpressi- 
ble, pushed  their  frail  barks  out  on  the  bosom  of  the  stately  Mis- 
sissippi, 132  years  after  its  first  discovery  by  De  Soto.  Journey- 
ing down  the  mysterious  stream,  which  Marquette  named  the 
"Conception,"  they  passed  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois,  Missouri 
and  Ohio,  landing  at  various  places,  and,  after  proceeding  up  the 
Arkansas  a  short  distance,  at  the  advice  of  the  natives,  they 
turned  their  faces  northward.  After  several  weeks  of  hard  toil 
they  reached  the  Illinois,  up  which  stream  they  proceeded  to 
Lake  Michigan,  and  entered  Green  Bay  in  September  of  the 
same  year,  having  traveled  a  distance  of  2,500  miles  in  a  little 
more  than  four  months. 

LA  SALLE. 

About  the  time  of  Marquette's  return,  Robert  de  La  Salle,  a 
native  of  Normandy,  set  about  discovering  a  northwest  passage 
to  China  and  Japan,  the  scientific  men  of  that  time  generally 
coinciding  in  the  belief  that  such  a  passage  existed  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Great  Lakes.  He  was  accompanied  from  France  by  an 
Italian  named  Tonti,  and  was  joined  in  his  enterprise  by  Louis 
Hennepin,  a  Franciscan  fi'iar  of  a  bold  and  ambitious  disposi- 
tion. After  various  hindrances  and  perils,  they  an-ived  at  the 
present  site  of  Peoria  on  the  Illinois  River,  where  they  built  a 
fort,  which,  on  account  of  their  many  vicissitudes,  they  named 
Creve  Coeur,  or  Broken  Heart.  There  they  separated,  Hennepin 
turning  northward  to  discover,  if  possible,  the  source  of  the  Mis- 
sissipj^i ;  La  Salle,  after  visiting  Canada,  to  perfect  his  arrange  - 
ments,  descending  that  river  in  search  of  its  mouth,  and  Tonti 
remaining  at  Creve  Coeur  in  command  of  men  and  supplies  left 
at  that  point.  La  Salle  reached  the  junction  of  the  Illinois  and 
Mississippi  Rivers,  in  February,  1682,  and,  on  the  5th  of  April  fol- 
lowing, passed  safely  through  one  of  the  three  channels  by  which 
the  latter  stream  discharges  its  waters  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
Three  days  afterward,  with  the  most  imposing  ceremonies.  La 
Salle  took  formal  possession  of  the  country  in  the  name  of  Louis 
XIV,  the  reigning  king  of  France,  in  whose  honor  he  named  it 


HISTOKY    OF    MISSOURI.  47 

Louisiana.  The  region  thus  acquired  by  the  French  embraced 
territory  on  both  sides  of  the  Mississippi,  and,  comprising  rather 
indefinite  limits,  included  the  present  States  of  Louisiana,  Mis- 
sissippi, Tennessee,  Arkansas  and  Missouri. 

La  Salle  subsequently  returned  to  Canada,  thence  to  France, 
and  led  an  expedition  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  for  the  purpose  of 
entering  the  Mississippi  at  its  mouth,  and  establishing  settle- 
ments in  Louisiana.  Being  unable  to  find  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
he  landed  upon  the  coast  of  Texas,  and,  after  some  fruitless  wan- 
derings, was  shot  by  one  of  his  own  disaffected  followers.  How- 
ever, he  had  effectually  opened  the  way  for  the  French  occupancy 
of  the  Mississippi  Valley. 

EARLY  SETTLEMENTS. 

Within  a  few  years  after  the  death  of  La  Salle  forts  and  colo- 
nies were  located  at  Biloxi  Bay,  Mobile,  Natchez,  New  Orleans 
and  other  points  farther  north.  It  is  a  fact  worthy  of  notice  that 
the  first  French  settlements,  all  of  which  were  projected  in  the  in- 
terest of  gold  and  silver  mining,  were  confined  entirely  to  the 
eastern  bank  of  the  river.  It  was  not  until  1705  that  the  Mis- 
souri Biver  was  explored  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the  Kansas. 

In  1720  Renault,  the  son  of  a  French  iron  founder,  came  to 
Louisiana  for  the  purpose  of  engaging  in  gold  and  silver  mining. 
He  brought  with  him  from  France  200  miners  and  artificers, 
and  purchased  500  slaves  at  the  island  of  St.  Domingo.  Pro- 
ceeding up  the  Mississippi  River,  he  established  himself  at  Fort 
Chartres,  about  ten  or  fifteen  miles  above  the  present  site  of  Ste. 
Genevieve,  on  the  ojoposite  bank  of  the  stream.  From  this  point 
he  dispatched  miners  to  "prospect"  for  the  precious  metals,  and 
they  crossed  the  river  to  the  west  bank,  and  explored  what  is  now 
Ste.  Genevieve  County.  Although  Renault  failed  to  discover 
either  gold  or  silver,  he  found  lead  ore  in  great  abundance,  and 
having  built  rude  furnaces  for  smelting  it,  conveyed  it  on  pack- 
horses  to  Fort  Chartres,  and  thence  by  boat  to  New  Orleans  and 
France. 

The  date  of  the  actual  settlement  of  Ste.  Genevieve  is  dis- 
puted by  historians,  though  all  agree  that  it  was  the  first  in  the 
State  of  Missouri.     There  is  some  evidence  to  support  the  theory 


48  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

that  there  might  have  been  inhabitants  at  this  place  as  early  as 
1735.  The  cultivation  of  tobacco,  indigo,  rice  and  silk  had  al- 
ready been  introduced  into  the  southern  part  of  the  province  of 
Louisiana,  the  lead  mines  of  Missouri  were  opened,  and  the  cul- 
ture of  wheat  was  commenced  in  Illinois.  In  the  meantime  the 
French  were  firmly  establishing  their  power  in  the  Northwest.  By 
the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century  (1750)  they  had  control  of 
all  the  water  routes  leading  from  the  great  lakes  to  the  valley  of 
the  Mississippi.  '  They  had  more  than  sixty  military  stations  fi-om 
Lake  Ontario  by  way  of  Green  Bay  and  the  Illinois  River,  the 
Wabash  and  Maumee  Rivers,  down  the  Mississippi  to  New  Orleans. 

FRENCH    AND    INDIAN    WAR. 

The  French  had  formed  the  grand  design  of  establishing  a 
magnificent  empire  in  the  interior  of  the  continent,  which  should 
have  abundant  and  uninterrupted  intercourse  with  the  outside 
world  by  means  of  the  Great  Lakes  and  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
Mississippi  Rivers.  The  English,  whose  colonies  were  scattered 
up  and  down  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  claimed  the  right  to  extend 
their  possessions  as  far  westward  as  they  chose.  As  long  as  the 
latter  nation  confined  itself  to  the  eastern  part  of  the  country 
there  was  little  reason  for  controversy.  As  soon,  however,  as  the 
English  became  acquainted  with  the  beautiful  and  fertile  Mis- 
sissippi Valley,  they  not  only  learned  the  value  of  the  vast  terri- 
tory, but  also  resolved  to  set  up  a  counter-claim  to  the  soil.  The 
French,  besides  establishing  numerous  military  and  trading  posts 
from  the  frontiers  of  Canada  to  New  Orleans,  in  order  to  confirm 
their  claims  to  jurisdiction  over  the  country,  had  carved  the  lilies 
of  France  on  the  forest  trees,  or  sunk  plates  of  metal  in  the 
ground.  These  measures  did  not,  however,  deter  the  English 
from  going  on  with  their  explorations;  and  though  neither  party 
resorted  to  arms,  yet  the  conflict  was  gathering,  and  it  was  only  a 
question  of  time  when  the  storm  should  burst  upon  the  frontier 
settlement.  The  French  based  their  claims  upon  discoveries,  the 
English  on  grants  of  territory  extending  from  ocean  to  ocean, 
but  neither  party  paid  the  least  attention  to  the  prior  claims  of 
the  Indians.  From  this  position  of  affairs,  it  was  evident  that 
actual  collision  between  the  contending  parties  would  not  much 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  49 

longer  be  deferred.  The  Euglisli  Government,  in  anticipation  of 
a  war,  urged  the  governor  of  Virginia  to  lose  no  time  in  building 
two  forts,  which  were  equipped  with  arms  fi-om  England.  The 
French  anticipated  the  English,  and  gathered  a  considerable  force 
to  defend  their  possessions.  The  governor  determined  to  send  a 
messenger  to  the  nearest  French  post,  to  demand  an  explanation. 
This  resolution  brought  into  the  history  of  our  country,  for  the 
first  time,  the  man  of  all  others  whom  America  most  loves  to 
honor,  namely,  George  Washington.  He  was  chosen,  although 
not  yet  twenty-one  years  of  age,  as  the  one  to  perform  this  deli- 
cate and  difficult  mission.  With  five  companions  he  ^et  out  on 
November  10,  1753,  and  after  a  perilous  journey  returned  Janii- 
ary  6, 1754.  The  struggle  could  not,  however,  be  averted  by  diplo- 
macy. It  commenced,  continued  long,  and  was  bloody  and  fierce; 
but  on  October  10,  1765,  the  ensign  of  France  was  displaced  on  the 
ramparts  of  Fort  Chartres,  by  the  flag  of  Great  Britain.  This  fort 
was  the  depot  of  supplies,  and  the  place  of  rendezvous  for  the 
united  forces  of  the  French,  and  was  then  the  best  built  and  most 
convenient  fort  in  North  America.  In  subsequent  years  the 
Mississij)pi  reached  and  undermined  its  west  wall ;  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Kaskaskia  carried  away  much  of  the  remaining  portions 
for  building  material,  and  at  the  present  day  nothing  remains  of 
it  but  a  ruin  in  the  midst  of  a  dense  forest. 

Although,  as  has  been  already  seen,  Fort  Chartres  was  not 
occupied  by  the  English  until  1765,  the  treaty  which  terminated 
what  is  known  as  the  French  and  Indian  War  had  been  arranged 
late  in  1762.  According  to  its  stipulations  France  ceded  to  Eng- 
land all  of  her  possessions  in  Canada  and  east  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  to  Spain  all  that  part  of  the  province  of  Louisiana  lying 
west  of  the  same,  which,  although  really  belonging  to  Spain, 
remained  under  French  laws  and  jurisdiction  until  1768. 

THE  FOUNDING  OF  ST.   LOUIS. 

In  the  year  1762  M.  D'Abadie,  who  was  at  that  time 
director  general  and  civil  and  military  commandant  of  Louisiana, 
granted  to  a  certain  company  the  exclusive  right  to  trade  with 
the  Indians  of  Missouri,  and  indeed  of  the  whole  northwest,  for 
a  term    of   eight  years.     At  the  head  of  this  company  was  M. 


50  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

Pierre  Laclede  Liguest,  Laclede  as  lie  is  generally  known,  a  man 
of  ability,  foresight  and  experience.  He  left  New  Orleans  in 
August,  1763,  and  arrived  in  Missouri  the  following  November. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  all  the  French  settlements  except 
that  at  Ste.  Genevieve  were  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  and 
consequently  included  in  the  territory  ceded  to  England.  At 
the  one  small  village  west  of  the  Mississippi  there  was  no  build- 
ing large  enough  to  contain  one  quarter  of  M.  Laclede's  mer- 
chandise. M.  De  Neyon,  the  commandant  at  Fort  Chartres,  hear- 
ing of  Laclede's  dilemma,  offered  him  room  for  his  goods  until 
the  occupation  of  the  fort  by  the  English.  Laclede  readily 
availed  himself  of  this  generous  offer  and  repaired  to  Fort 
Chartres,  where  he  deposited  his  effects,  and  then  turned  his 
attention  to  finding  a  site,  near  the  Missouri  Biver,  suitable  for 
bis  enterprise.  Ste.  Genevieve  he  rejected  both  on  account  of  its 
distance  from  that  stream  and  its  unhealtful  situation.  Accom- 
panied by  his  stepson,  a  lad  of  fourteen  named  August  Chouteau, 
he  explored  the  region  thoroughly  and  fix^ed  upon  the  place  of 
his  settlement.  Upon  returning  to  the  fort,  he  assured  De  Neyon 
and  his  ofiicers  that  he  had  found  a  situation  where  he  would  form 
a  settlement,  which  might  become,  hereafter,  "one  of  the  finest 
cities  of  America."  Thus  readily  did  his  sagacious  mind  appre- 
ciate the  advantages  of  this  location.  Navigation  being  open, 
early  in  the  February  of  1764  Laclede  sent  thirty  men  in  charge  of 
Chouteau  to  the  place  designated,  with  orders  to  clear  the  land, 
build  a  large  shed  to  shelter  the  tools  and  provisions,  and  also 
erect  some  small  cabins  for  the  men.  On  the  14th  of  February  the 
work  was  commenced.  Early  in  April,  Laclede  himself  arrived, 
chose  the  place  for  his  own  house,  laid  out  a  plan  for  his  village  and 
named  it  Saint  Louis,  in  honor  of  Louis  XV,  not  knowing  that 
the  territory  had  already  been  transferred  to  Spain,  and  then 
hastened  back  to  Fort  Chartres  to  remove  his  goods,  as  the  En- 
glish garrison  was  daily  expected. 

When,  in  1765,  Capt.  Sterling  in  command  of  the  English 
troops,  a  company  of  highlanders,  actually  took  possession  of 
the  fort,  St.  Ange,  French  commandant  at  the  time,  removed 
with  his  officers  and  men  to  St.  Louis,  which  was  recognized  as 
the  capital  of  Upper   Louisiana.     M.    D'Abadie    had    died,  and 


HI8T0EY    OF     MISSOURI.  51 

M.  Aubry  was  acting  governor  at  New  Orleans.  Receiving, 
probably,  the  sanction  of  this  latter  gentleman,  St.  Ange  at  once 
assumed  the  reins  of  government  at  St.  Louis,  and  so  liberal  was 
the  spirit  in  which  he  conducted  affairs  that  a  stream  of  immigra- 
tion soon  set  in  from  Canada  and  Lower  Louisiana. 

DEATH  OF  PONTIAC. 

At  the  time  of  the  founding  of  St.  Louis,  the  Ottawa  chieftain, 
Pontiac,  was  in  the  enjoyment  of  his  greatest  fame.  At  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war  between  France  and  England,  he  had 
allied  himself  with  the  former  country,  which  had  at  all  times 
followed  a  conciliatory  policy  with  the  Indians,  and  he  had 
achieved  some  brilliant  exploits  at  the  ambuscade  near  Pittsburgh 
(1755)  which  resulted  in  Braddock's  defeat,  and  on  other  occa- 
sions. He  had  subsequently  formed  a  confederacy  of  all  the 
western  tribes,  and  had  endeavored,  by  one  general  and  combined 
movement  to  sweep  the  English  settlers  from  the  country  west  of 
the  AUeghanies.  In  this  effort  he  was  so  far  successful  that,  at 
one  time,  every  English  fort  in  the  west,  except  Niagara,  Fort 
Pitt  and  Detroit  had  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  savages.  St. 
Ange,  hating  the  English  and  dreading  their  encroachments, 
was  proportionately  friendly  to  Pontiac,  whom  he  invited  to  St. 
Louis  in  1769.  Here  the  chief  was  received  in  the  most  flatter- 
ing manner,  and  was  warmly  welcomed  by  the  principal  citi- 
zens. Soon,  however,  it  became  apparent  that  Pontiac's  plans 
were  doomed  to  failure. 

Tribe  after  tribe  had  forsaken  him ;  his  powerful  allies,  the 
French,  were  conquered,  and  his  most  trusted  friends  among  the 
latter  counseled  him  to  give  up  the  unequal  contest.  He  en- 
deavored to  drown  his  disappointment  in  drink,  and  in  spite  of 
the  remonstrances  of  St.  Ange,  sank  lower  and  lower  in  debauch- 
ery. Finally,  while  in  a  state  of  intoxication,  he  was  assassinated 
at  Cahokia  by  a  Kaskaskia  Indian.  His  body  was  interred  with 
great  pomp  near  the  tower  at  the  intersection  of  Walnut  and 
Fourth  Streets.  St.  Ange,  himself,  lies  buried  near,  but  nothing 
is  left  to  mark  either  grave.  Houses  have  been  built  above  them, 
and  but  few  persons  even  know  that  these  remains  repose  in  the 
midst  of  the  great  city. 


52  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

SPANISH  RULE. 

Tbe  transfer  of  Louisiana  to  Spain  was  a  source  of  great  sor- 
row to  the  inhabitants  of  the  province,  and  at  St.  Louis  this 
feeling  was  deepened  to  one  of  horror  when  it  became  known  that 
Don  Alexander  O'Beilly  had  arrived  at  New  Orleans  with  3,000 
men,  and,  upon  the  inhabitants  of  that  city  making  armed  resist- 
ance to  his  authority,  had  executed  several  of  the  ringleaders  of 
the  revolt  and  imprisoned  others.  The  new  commandant-general 
soon  established  his  authority  at  New  Orleans,  and  in  1770  sent 
Don  Pedio  Piernas  to  St.  Louis  as  lieutenant-governor-.  This 
official  showed  himself  master  of  the  situation  by  treating  the 
terrified  inhabitants  with  the  utmost  consideration,  securing  the 
friendship  of  St.  Ange,  whom  lie  made  a  captain  of  infantry,  and 
establishing  all  the  grants  of  land  which  the  latter  had  bestowed. 
St.  Ange  died  soon  after.  Piernas  was  succeeded  by  Francisco 
Cruzat,  and  he  by  Don  Ferdinando  Leyba.  During  the  early 
part  of  Leyba's  administration,  Laclede  died  while  on  an  expedi- 
tion to  New  Orleans,  and  was  buried  at  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas 
Eiver.  His  grave,  also,  is  unknown,  and  probably  has  long  ere 
this  been  washed  into  the  stream. 

THE    WAR    OF    THE    REVOLUTION. 

War  had  already  been  commenced  between  Great  Britain  and 
her  American  colonies,  and  Washington,  who  had  been  active  in 
the  service  of  England  against  the  French,  was  now  in  command 
of  the  forces  opposed  to  English  tyranny.  On  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Revolution,  the  British  held  every  important  jMst  in  the 
West.  The  Indians,  jealous  of  the  rapid  extension  of  American 
settlement  westward,  and  aroused  to  action  by  the  English,  be- 
came the  allies  of  the  latter,  and  while  the  colonies  at  the  East 
were  struggling  against  the  armies  of  the  mother  country,  the 
western  frontiers  were  ravaged  by  the  savages,  often  led  by 
British  commanders.  To  prevent  indiscriminate  slaughter  in  the 
West,  some  of  the  most  daring  exploits  connected  with  American 
history  were  planned  and  executed.  The  hero  of  the  achieve- 
ments by  which  this  region  was  snatched  as  a  gem  from  the 
British  crown,  was  Gen.  George  Rogers  Clark,  of  Virginia.  He 
had  closely  watched  the  movements  of  the  English  throughout 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOCKI.  53 

the  Northwest,  and  understood  their  jjlans ;  he  also  knew  that  the 
Indians  wei'e  not  unanimously  in  accord  with  them,  and  that, 
although  the  forts  were  in  control  of  the  English,  the  inhabit- 
ants were  mostly  French,  and  retained  much  of  their  old  hos- 
tility against  their  conquerors,  while  sympathizing  with  the 
colonies.  He  was  convinced  that  American  soldiers  would  be  wel- 
comed and  aided,  as  far  as  possible,  by  the  French  settlers,  and 
that  the  English  garrisons  once  driven  out,  the  natives  might  be 
easily  awed  into  neutrality.  Patrick  Henry  was  governor  of 
Virginia,  and  at  once  entered  heartily  into  Clark's  plans.  The 
latter  proceeded  to  Pittsburgh,  raised  his  small  army  west  of  the 
Alleghauies,  as  he  well  knew  the  colonies  needed  all  the  available 
men  farther  east,  for  the  conflict  there.  His  plan  was  to  go  by 
water  as  far  as  Fort  Massac,  and  thence  march  direct  to  Kaskas- 
kia.  Here  he  intended  to  surprise  the  garrison,  and  after  its 
capture  to  proceed  to  Cahokia,  then  to  Vincennes,  and  lastly  to 
Detroit.  Each  of  these  posts  was  in  turn  captured,  and  the 
plans  of  the  English  in  the  "West  entirely  overthrown. 

In  the  meantime,  although  the  settlement  at  St.  Louis  was 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  Spain,  it  was  well  known  that  the  sym- 
pathies of  that  country  were  identified  with  the  colonies,  and 
therefore  the  inhabitants  of  the  little  city  were  in  constant 
dread  of  attacks  from  the  Indians.  Hearing  rumors,  also,  of  a 
threatened  assault  by  the  British,  they  at  once  began  to  fortify 
the  place.  A  wall  of  brush  and  clay,  five  feet  in  height,  with 
three  gates,  was  built,  encircling  the  town,  the  extremes  termi- 
nating at  the  river.  A  small  fort,  which  was  afterward  used  as 
a  prison,  was  also  built.  At  each  of  the  gates  a  piece  of 
ordnance  was  mounted,  and  kept  in  constant  readiness  for  use. 
These  preparations  were  made  in  the  summer  and  fall  of  1779. 
No  attack  was  made  during  the  winter,  and  the  people  of  St. 
Louis  were  almost  beginning  to  hope  their  precautions  unneces- 
sary, when  in  May,  bands  of  Ojibways,  Winnebagos,  Sioux  and 
other  tribes  began  to  gather  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  pre- 
paring to  fall  upon  the  settlement  on  the  26th  of  the  month. 
These  savages  were  instigated  by  Canadian  fur  traders,  and  com- 
manded by  officers  from  the  British  fort  at  Michilimackinac. 

On  May  25,  which  was  the  festival  of  Corpus  Christi,  a  por- 


54  HI8T0KY    OF     MISSOURI. 

tion  of  the  Indians  crossed  the  river,  but  made  no  assault,  an 
extremely  fortunate  circumstance,  as  many  of  the  citizens,  to- 
gether with  their  wives  and  children,  were  outside  of  the  wall, 
and  scattered  about  over  the  prairie,  gathering  strawberries. 
The  following  day  the  entire  force  of  savages  stole  silently  across 
the  river,  and  crept  to  the  rear  of  the  town,  expecting  to  find 
some  of  the  inhabitants  working  in  the  fields.  Near  what  is 
now  the  fair  grounds,  at  the  "  Cardinal  Springs,"  they  surprised 
the  man  from  whom  the  spring  was  named  and  another  person 
called  Riviere.  The  former  they  killed,  and  took  the  latter  pris- 
oner.    A  few  other  settlers  were  surprised  and  massacred. 

On  account  of  his  misconduct  at  this  time,  Leyba  was  removed 
from  office  and  Francisco  Cruzat  once  more  placed  in  authority  at 
St.  Louis.  During  the  administration  of  Cruzat,  the  town  was 
thoroughly  fortified,  but  was  not  subjected  to  another  attack, 
although  other  settlements  on  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Elvers 
were  often  harassed  by  the  Indians  even  after  the  close  of  the  war. 

THE  YEAR  OF  THE  GREAT  WATERS. 

In  1785  occurred  a  sudden  and  remarkable  rise  in  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  which  caused  great  alarm  and  considerable  loss  of 
property  to  the  inhabitants  of  St.  Louis  and  the  adjacent  settle- 
ments. Cahokia  and  Kaskaskia  were  menaced  with  entire 
destruction.  Ste.  Genevieve,  which  was  located  at  first  in  the 
river  bottom,  three  miles  south  or  southeast  of  its  present  site, 
was  completely  inundated,  and  the  inhabitants,  unwilling  to  risk 
a  repetition  of  the  disaster,  removed  to  higher  ground  and  founded 
the  present  town,  which  therefore  dates  from  1785.  Most  of  the 
buildings  in  St.  Louis  were  then  situated  on  Main  Street,  and 
the  rise  of  the  river  above  the  steep  bank  occasioned  extreme 
anxiety  and  terror.  The  flood  subsiding,  however,  nearly  as 
rapidly  as  it  had  risen,  the  inhabitants  returned  to  their  houses, 
and  business  was  speedily  resumed.  This  year  received  the 
name  of  "  L'annee  des  Grandes  Eaux,"  or  "  The  year  of  the  Great 
Waters."  Other  remarkable  floods  occasioning  loss  of  life  and 
property,  and  involving  St.  Louis  and  other  river  towns  of  Mis- 
souri, have  occasionally  occurred,  most  destructive  among  which 
may  be  mentioned  those  of  ISli,  1851,  1875    and  1881. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  55 

1785-1800. 
Cruzat  was  succeeded  in  office  by  Manuel  Perez,  who  be- 
stowed a  large  tract  of  land  in  the  neighborhood  of  Cape  Girar- 
deau upon  fi'iendly  Indians  of  the  Pawnee  and  Delaware  tribes,  in 
return  they  agreeing  to  aid  the  young  settlements  in  repelling  the 
incursions  of  the  hostile  Osage  Indians.  Trudeau,  who  succeeded 
Perez,  devised  and  carried  out  many  improvements  at  St.  Louis,  and 
stimulated  in  a  great  measure  the  fur  traffic,  and  by  this  means 
encouraged  traders  to  penetrate  the  wilderness,  and  make  further 
expeditions  on  the  Missouri  River.  The  administration  of  Tru- 
deau was  followed  by  that  of  Delassus,  who,  in  1799,  ordered  that 
a  census  be  taken  of  the  settlements  in  Upper  Louisiana  or  "West- 
ern Illinois,  as  Missouri  was  sometimes  called.  Accordins:  to 
this  census,  the  total  number  of  inhabitants  in  the  settlements 
was  6,028.  Of  these  4,948  were  white;  197  free  colored,  and 
883  slaves.  St.  Louis  had  a  population  of  925 ;  Ste.  Genevieve, 
949;  St.  Charles,  875;  New  Madrid,  782;  New  Bourbon,  560; 
Cape  Girardeau,  521;  St.  Ferdinand,  276;  St.  Andrew,  393; 
Carondelet,  184;  Meremac,  115;  Little  Meadows,  72. 

LOUISIANA    PURCHASED    BY    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

In  1801  Napoleon  Bonaparte  made  a  treaty  with  Spain,  known 
in  tlie  annals  as  the  treaty  of  San  Ildefonso,  the  conditions  of 
which  were  that  Spain  should  surrender  to  France  all  the  region 
known  as  Louisiana  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  in  return  for 
certain  assistance  which  she  expected  to  receive  from  the  great 
warrior  in  her  European  afPairs.  It  was  not,  however,  until  1803, 
that  M.  Laussat,  a  French  officer,  was  placed  in  authority  at  New 
Orleans.  Although  Napoleon  fully  realized  the  immense  value 
of  his  acquisition,  it  was  on  many  accounts  an  occasion  of  per- 
plexity. In  the  first  place,  the  American  Government  regarded 
with  a  jealous  eye  this  attempt  of  the  French  to  re-establish 
themselves  in  Louisiana;  and  the  English,  who  had  control  of 
the  seas,  made  it  extremely  difficult  for  men  and  equipments  to 
be  conveyed  into  the  country;  and  rather  than  have  it  wrested 
from  him  by  this  powerful  foe,  he  determined  to  tantalize  the 
mother  country  by  adding  it  to  the  possessions  of  the  young 
nation,  which  had  succeeded  in  maintaining  its  independence  in  the 


56  HISTOBY    OF     MISSOURI. 

face  of  her  aiithority.  Accordingly,  he  accepted  an  offer  made 
by  the  United  States,  and  the  transfer  was  accomplished  during  the 
administration  of  Thomas  Jefferson.  In  December,  1803,  M. 
Laussat,  the  French  commandant,  who  had  but  just  acquired  juris- 
diction of  Louisiana  from  Spain,  conveyed  it  to  Gov.  Claiborne 
and  Gen.  Wilkinson,  commissioners  appointed  by  the  United 
States.  The  price  paid  for  this  purchase  was  $15,000,000,  in- 
cluding various  claims,  the  payment  of  which  was  assumed  by 
the  American  Government. 

At  St.  Louis  the  French  flag  was  in  the  ascendant  only  one 
day,  Capt.  Stoddard,  the  representative  of  France,  receiving  pos- 
session of  the  territory  at  the  hands  of  Delassus,  the  Spanish 
governor,  on  March  9,  1804,  and  transferring,  his  authority  to 
the  United  States  on  the  following  day. 

THE    DISTEICT    OF    LOUISIANA. 

On  the  26th  of  March,  1804,  Congress  f  assed  an  act  separat- 
ing the  province  of  Louisiana  into  two  parts — the  southern 
of  which  was  designated  as  "  The  Territory  of  Orleans,"  and 
the  northern  "  The  District  of  Louisiana."  This  latter  included 
all  of  the  province  north  of  "  Hope  Encampment,"  a  place 
near  Chickasaw  Bluffs,  and  embraced  within  its  boundaries  the 
present  States  of  Arkansas,  Missouri  and  Iowa,  a  large  part  of 
Minnesota,  and  all  the  vast  region  extending  westward  to  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  excepting  the  territory  claimed  by  Spain. 

The  executive  power  of  the  Government  in  the  Territory  of 
Indiana  was  extended  over  the  district  of  Louisiana  or  "  Upper 
Louisiana"  as  it  was  popularly  called.  Gen.  William  Henry 
Harrison,  then  governor  of  Indiana,  assisted  by  Judges  Griffin, 
Vanderberg  and  Davis,  represented  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  1804,  and,  during  the 
following  winter,  courts  of  justice  were  held  in  the  old  fort,  near 
Fifth  and  Walnut  Streets  in  St.  Louis. 

THE    TEREITOEY    OF    LOUISIANA. 

On  the  3d  of  March,  1805,  by  another  act  of  Congress,  the 
Territory  of  Louisiana  was  regularly  organized,  and  President 
Jefferson  appointed  Gen.  James  Wilkinson,  governor,  and  Fred- 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  57 

erick  Bates,  secretary.  Gov.  Wilkinson  together  with  Judges 
K.  J.  Meigs  and  John  B.  C.  Lucas,  constituted  the  Legislature 
of  this  almost  boundless  territory.  Gov.  Wilkinson  was  visited 
in  1805,  by  Aaron  Burr,  when  the  latter  was  planning  his  dar- 
ing conspiracy  against  the  United  States. 

In  1807  Capt.  Merriwether  Lewis,  o£  the  famous  Lewis  and 
Clark  expedition,  was  appointed  Governor,  but  in  1809  in  Lewis 
County,  Tenn.,  he  committed  suicide  at  the  age  of  thirty -five,  by 
shooting  himself  with  a  pistol,  and  President  Madison  designated 
Gen.  Benjamin  Howard,  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  as  governor  in  his 
stead.  Gov.  Howard  served  as  brigadier-general  in  the  War 
of  1812,  and  died  in  1814.  Howard  County  was  named  in  his 
honor. 

LEWIS  AND  Clark's  expedition. 

After  the  purchase  of  Louisiana,  President  Jefferson,  anxious 
to  prove  the  value  of  that  immense  tract  which  had  come  into 
peaceful  possession  of  the  United  States,  planned  an  expedition 
for  the  purpose  of  exploring  the  country  from  the  Mississippi  to 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  expedition  was  organized  with  Merri- 
wether Lewis,  Mr.  Jefferson's  private  secretary,  at  its  head, 
assisted  by  Capt.  William  Clark,  of  the  American  army.  With 
a  small  party,  these  indomitable  explorers  ascended  the  Missouri 
River  as  far  as  Jefferson,  Madison  and  Gallatin,  which  they 
named  in  honor  of  the  President,  Secretary  of  State  and  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  respectively,  followed  the  Jefferson  to  its  source, 
crossed  the  Rocky  Mountains,  navigated  the  Columbia  River,  and 
returned  to  St.  Loiais,  in  September,  1806,  after  an  absence  of  two 
years  and  four  months,  having  overcome  innumerable  hardships 
and  difficulties,  and  traveled  nearly  6,000  miles.  Lewis,  as 
has  been  already  noted,  was  appointed  Governor  of  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Louisiana,  which  oflice  he  filled  until  his  untimely  and 
tragical  death. 

Lieut.  Zebulon  M.  Pike  also  organized  two  successful 
exploring  parties,  one  of  which  in  1805  discovered  the  sources 
of  the  Mississippi,  and  the  other,  in  the  two  succeeding  years, 
the  sources  of  the  Arkansas,  Kansas,  Platte  and  Pierre  Jaune 
(Yellowstone)  Rivers,  and  penetrated  the  Spanish  Provinces. 
Pike's  Peak  was  named  from  this  explorer.     The  county  of  Pike, 

4 


58  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

in  this  State,  was  named  in  honor  of  Lieut.  Pike,  who  rose  to 
the  rank  of  brigadier-general  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  was  killed 
at  York,  Canada,  in  1813. 

EARTHQUAKES    AT    NEW    MADRID. 

New  Madrid  has  been  rendered  famous  by  the  great  earth- 
quake of  1811-12.  This  place  was,  originally,  one  of  the  old 
Spanish  forts,  and  lies  about  seventy  miles  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Ohio  River.  It  was  settled  immediately  after  the  close  of  the 
Revolutionary  War  by  families  from  Virginia  and  the  Carolinas, 
and  was  growing  rapidly  in  wealth  and  population  when  its  prog- 
ress was  arrested  by  that  frightful  calamity  which  affected  not 
only  the  county  of  New  Madrid,  but  also  the  adjacent  country  on 
both  sides  of  the  Mississippi.  Streams  were  turned  from  their 
channels  or  dried  up;  hills,  forests  and  plains  disappeared,  and 
lakes  (one  of  which  was  sixty  or  seventy  miles  in  length,  and 
from  three  to  twenty  in  breadth)  were  formed  in  their  places; 
vast  heaps  of  sand  were  scattered  in  various  places,  and  whole 
tracts  of  land  sank  below  the  level  of  the  surrounding  country. 
Short  extracts  from  the  description  of  Mr.  Godfi'ey  Lesieur,  who 
was  an  eye-witness  of  the  scene,  are  quoted: 

"  The  first  shock  was  about  2  o'clock  A.  M.,  on  the  night  of 
December  16,  1811,  and  was  very  hard,  shaking  down  log  houses, 
chimneys,  etc.  It  was  followed  at  intervals,  from  half  an  hour 
to  an  hour  apart,  by  comparatively  slight  shocks,  until  about  7 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  when  a  rumbling  noise  was  heard  in  the 
west,  not  unlike  distant  thunder,  and  in  an  instant  the  earth 
began  to  totter  and  shake  so  that  no  persons  were  able  to  stand  or 
walk.  This  lasted  a  minute;  then  the  earth  was  observed  to  be 
rolling  in  waves  of  a  few  feet  in  height,  with  a  visible  depression 
between.  These  swells  burst,  throwing  up  large  volumes  of 
water,  sand  and  a  species  of  charcoal,  some  of  which  was  partly 
covered  with  a  substance,  which,  by  its  peculiar  odor,  was  thought 
to  be  sulphur.  Where  these  swells  burst,  large,  wide  and  long 
fissures  were  left,  running  north  and  south  parallel  with  each 
other  for  miles.  I  have  seen  some  four  or  five  miles  in  length, 
four  and  one-half  feet  deep  on  an  average,  and  about  ten  feet 
wide. 


HI8T0EY    OF     MISSOURI.  59 

"  After  this,  slight  shocks  were  felt  at  intervals,  until  January 
7,  1812,  when  the  region  was  again  visited  by  an  earthquake 
equal  to  the  first  in  violence,  and  characterized  by  the  same 
frightful  results."  Mr.  Lesieur  says  further  that  upon  this 
second  visitation,  the  inhabitants,  excepting  two  families,  fled 
from  the  coxmtry  in  dismay,  leaving  behind  their  stock,  and  even 
many  of  their  household  goods,  all  of  which  were  appropriated 
by  adventurers  and  carried  away  in  flat-boats.  The  last  violent 
shock  occurred  on  the  17th  of  February,  1812. 

During  these  terrible  earthquakes,  but  two  among  the  set- 
tlers were  killed,  both  of  whom  were  women,  but  many  of  the 
boatmen  on  the  river  must  have  perished.  An  act  of  Congress 
for  the  relief  of  the  New  Madrid  sufferers  was  passed  in  1817. 
By  its  provisions,  persons  whose  lands  had  been  seriously  dam- 
aged by  the  earthquakes  were  allowed  to  locate  a  like  quantity 
upon  any  of  the  public  lands  of  the  State,  provided  that  no 
claims  shoiild  exceed  640  acres.  This  was  the  origin  of  the 
"  New  Madrid  Claims,"  of  which  speculators  and  sharpers  gained 
the  chief  benefit,  the  people  many  of  them  being  uninformed  as 
to  their  exact  privileges. 

MISSOURI  A  TERRITORY. 

The  Territory  of  Missouri  was  organized  by  Congress,  June 
4,  1812,  the  first  Council  consisting  of  nine  members,  and  the 
House  of  thirteen.*  Its  real  boundaries  were  the  same  as  those 
of  the  "  Territory  of  Louisiana,"  but  practically  it  consisted  of 
only  the  settled  parts  of  Missouri,  comprising  four  districts,  as 
follows:  Cape  Girardeau,  embracing  the  territory  between  Tywap- 
pity  Bottom  and  Apple  Creek ;  Ste.  Genevieve,  extending  from 
Apple  Creek  to  the  Meramec  River;  St.  Louis,  including  that  part 
of  the  State  between  the  Meramec  and  Missouri  Eivers,  and  St. 
Charles,  comprising  the  settled  country  between  the  Missouri  and 
Mississippi. 

The  legislative  power  of  the  Territory  was  vested  in  a  Gov- 

*  These  members  were  as  follows:  House:  St  Charles  County — John  Pilman  and  Roliert  Spencer; 
St.  Louis  County— David  Music,  Bernard  (}.  I-arrar,  William  C.  Carr  and  Richard  Caulk;  Sle.  Gene- 
vieve County— George  Bullett.  Richard  S  Thomas  and  Isaac  McGready;  Cape  Giiaideau— George 
F.  Bollinger'and  Stephen  Byrd;  New  Madrid— John  Shrader  and  Samuel  f^hillips.  W.  C.  C:irr  he- 
carae  speaker  and  Andrew  Scott  clerk.  Council:  St.  Charles  County — James  F-iaugherty  and  Benj-t- 
min  Emmons;  St.  Louis  County— Aiiguste  Ch<>uleau.  Sr.,  and  Samuel  Hammond;  Sle  Genevieve — 
John  Scott  and  James  Maxwell;  Cape  Girardeau — William  Neeley  and  George  Cavener;  New  M.id- 
rid — Joseph  Hunter. 


60  HISTOKY    Of     MISSOUEI. 

ernor,  Legislative  Council  and  House  of  Representatives.  By  the 
same  act  the  Territory  was  authorized  to  send  one  delegate  to 
Congress.  In  October  of  the  same  year  the  four  districts,  by 
proclamation  of  Gov.  Howard,  were  reorganized  into  five  counties, 
the  fifth  being  called  New  Madrid,  and  included  Arkansas.  An 
election  of  a  delegate  to  Congress,  and  members  of  the  Territorial 
House  of  Eepresentatives  was  held  in  the  following  November. 
Capt.  William  Clark,  the  associate  explorer  of  Capt.  Lewis, 
was  appointed  by  the  President  as  Governor,  and  entered  upon  his 
duties  in  1813.  He  continued  to  occupy  the  gubernatorial  chair 
until  the  admission  of  the  State  into  the  Union,  and  died  in  St. 
Louis  in  1838. 

Edward  Hempstead  was  chosen  the  first  delegate  to  Congress. 
It  was  mainly  owing  to  his  efforts  that  an  act  was  passed  by  that 
body  confirming  to  the  people  of  Missouri  the  titles  of  their  lands 
derived  from  Spanish  grants,  and  also  providing  that  "  all  village 
lots,  out  lots,  or  common  field  lots  "  held  by  them  at  the  time  of 
the  cession  of  Louisiana  to  the  United  States,  should  be  retained 
for  school  purposes.  The  real  estate  thus  secm-ed  to  the  city  of 
St.  Louis  alone,  for  educational  purposes,  was  valued  at  $1,252,- 
895.79.  Col.  Thomas  F.  Eiddick,  who  first  originated  the  prop- 
osition, rode  to  Washington  on  horseback  to  aid  Mr.  Hempstead 
in  obtaining  the  ratification  of  Congress. 

WAR  WITH  GREAT  BRITAIN  IN  1812. 

Although  the  inhabitants  of  Missouri  were  far  distant  from 
the  principal  scenes  of  conflict  during  the  War  of  1812,  they  par- 
ticipated in  many  engagements  with  the  Indians,  and  were  obliged 
to  exercise  ceaseless  vigilance  against  their  insidious  foe.  For 
several  years  British  traders  had  incited  the  savages  against  the 
settlers,  and  had  supplied  the  former  with  arms  and  ammunition. 
In  July,  1810,  W.  I.  Cole  and  two  other  men  at  Loutre  Island, 
were  killed  while  attempting  to  rescue  property  stolen  by  the 
Pottawattomies.  In  1815  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians,  who  had 
stolen  horses  from  the  same  settlement,  were  followed  by  a  party 
of  "  rangers,"  with  Capt.  James  Callaway,  a  grandson  of  Daniel 
Boone,  in  command.  Foiir  of  the  pursuers,  including  Capt. 
Callaway,  were  killed. 


•  ti 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  '61 

In  1813  Fort  Madison,  Iowa,  was  abandoned  by  its  garrison, 
and  burned,  to  save  it  from  Indian  occupation.  During  the 
same  year  tlie  scattered  settlements  in  the  present  counties  of 
Montgomery,  Lincoln  and  Pike  were  often  plundered  by  the 
Indians,  under  the  renowed  Black  Hawk  and  other  noted  chiefs. 
In  St.  Charles  County  there  were  many  massacres,  but  at  length 
a  number  of  forts  were  erected,  which  proved  a  sufficient  protec- 
tion against  further  outrages.  The  Boone's  Lick  country  was 
constantly  harassed  by  tribes,  who  stole  horses  and  murdered 
the  inhabitants.  Living  beyond  the  jurisdiction  of  any  organized 
county,  these  pioneers  built  forts,  and  defended  themselves. 
Sentinels  kept  guard  while  the  fields  were  plowed,  sown  and 
harvested,  and  upon  the  appearance  of  danger  the  people  were 
notified  by  means  of  signals,  and  hastened  to  the  shelter  of  the 
forts. 

At  Cote  Sans  Dessein  (now  Barkersville),  on  the  Missouri 
River  in  Callaway  County,  three  men  and  two  women  successfully 
withstood  a  protracted  and  determined  siege  of  the  Indians. 

Of  all  the  murders  committed  by  the  savages,  none  aroused 
more  indignation  than  that  of  Capt.  Sarshell  Cooper,  who  was 
shot  while  sitting  at  his  own  fireside  in  Cooper's  Fort,  in  the 
Boone's  Lick  country,  in  1814.  An  Indian  crept  to  the  wall 
of  Cooper's  cabin,  which  also  formed  one  side  of  the  fort,  and 
made  a  small  opening  between  the  logs,  through  which  the  fatal 
shot  was  fired. 

THE  "  BOONE's  lick  COUNTRY." 

Daniel  Boone,  famous  in  the  annals  of  Kentucky  and  the 
AVest,  came  to  Louisiana  about  the  year  1797.  He  renounced  his 
allegiance  to  the  United  States,  became  a  Spanish  subject,  and 
was  appointed  by  Delassus  commandant  of  the  Femme  Osage 
District.  When  the  province  was  transferred  to  the  United  States, 
he  again  became  an  American  citizen.  At  some  time  between  the 
years  1804  and  1808  he  may  very  probably  have  hunted  through 
Howard  County,  and  discovered  the  salt  springs  there.  During 
the  summer  of  1807,  Boone's  sons,  Nathan  and  Daniel  M.,  visited 
these  springs  and  manufactured  salt  there,  but  there  is  no  evidence 
that  the  elder  Boone  ever  resided,  even  temporarily,  at  the  place. 
Tbe  settlement  afterward  made  was  called  Boone's  Lick  and  a 


t')2  HISTORY    OF     MISSOUBI. 

large  region  in  that  part  of  the  State,  the  "  Boone's  Lick  Country." 
Boone  County,  organized  in  1820,  was  named  after  the  great 
frontiersman,  who  died  in  September  of  that  year  at  the  residence 
of  his  son,  on  Femme  Osage  Creek,  in  St.  Charles  County,  aged 
eighty-eight  yeai's. 

ENTEEPRISE  AND  ADVANCEMENT. 

In  1814  the  population  of  the  Territory  was  about  25,000. 
The  country  was  rapidly  settled  and  new  counties  were  organized. 
The  Legislature  of  1816-17  incorporated  a  board  of  trustees  for 
superintending  schools  in  the  "  Town  of  St.  Louis,"  the  beginning 
of  the  school  system  of  that  city.  At  the  same  session  the  old 
"Bank  of  Missouri  "  was  chartered,  and  in  the  fall  of  1817  the 
two  banks,  "St.  Louis  "  and  "Missouri,"  were  issuing  bills,  the 
former  having  gone  into  operation  in  1814. 

The  first  newspaper  west  of  the  Mississippi  was  published  at 
St.  Louis,  July  12,  1808.  It  was  called  the  Missouri  Gazette, 
and  was  a  diminutive  sheet,  measuring  12x16  inches.  Although 
this  paper  has  undergone  several  changes  of  title  it  still  lives 
and  flourishes  as  the  Missouri  Republican.  The  first  newspaper 
west  of  St.  Louis  was  the  Missouri  Intelligencer,  established  at 
Old  Franklin,  by  Nathaniel  Patton,  in  1819,  and  subsequently 
removed  to  Fayette.  In  1818  a  cathedral  was  commenced  at  St. 
Louis,  on  the  site  of  the  old  log  church  which  had  been  erected 
by  the  early  French  inhabitants,  and  in  the  same  year  the  first 
Protestant  Church  (Baptist)  was  built. 

The  first  steamboat  which  ascended  the  Mississippi,  above 
the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  was  the  "Gen.  Pike,"  Capt.  Jacob  Bead, 
which  lauded  in  St.  Louis  at  the  foot  of  Market  Street  August 
2,  1817,  and  was  received  with  every  demonstration  of  delight. 
The  next  was  the  "Constitution,"  Capt.  R.T.  Guyard,  which  arrived 
in  the  October  following.  In  1819  the  "  Independence,"  Capt. 
Nelson,  from  Louisville,  Ky.,  navigated  the  Missouri  as  far  a-s 
Old  Chariton,  an  abandoned  town  a  short  distance  above  Glas- 
gow, and  returning  to  Franklin  took  freight  for  Louisville.  The 
first  steamboat  on  the  Upper  Mississippi  wasthej"Gen.  Putnam," 
Moses  D.  Bates,  captain,  which  made  several  trips  between  St. 
Louis,  and  Galena,  111.,  during  the  summer  of  1825. 


HI8T0EY   OF    MISSOURI.  63 

In  1818  the  Government  of  the  United  States  projected  the 
celebrated  Yellowstone  expedition,  the  objects  of  which  were 
to  ascertain  whether  the  Missouri  was  navigable  by  steamboats^ 
and  to  establish  a  line  of  forts  from  its  mouth  to  the  Yellow- 
stone. This  expedition  left  St.  Louis  in  June,  1819.  In  the 
same  year  Arkansas  was  formed  into  a  separate  Territory. 

For  convenience  of  reference  a  short  table  is  appended  of  the 
early  settlements  of  Missouri,  with  the  date  of  the  establishment 
of  each  in  cases  where  it  has  been  determined. 

Names  of  Settlements.  Dates. 

Ste.  Genevieve 1735  (?) 

St.  Louis 1764 

Near  St.  Charles 1765 

Portage  des  Sioux 1769 

New  Madrid 1780 

New  Bourbon 1789 

Potosi 

Big  River  Mills,  St.  Francois  County 1796 

Near  Farmington,  St.  Francois  County 1797 

Perry  County 1796 

Bird's  Point 1800 

Norfolk 1800 

Charleston 1801 

Warren  County 1801 

Parkersville  (Cote  Sans  Dessein) 1801 

Loutre  Island  1807 

Boone's  Lick 1807 

Cooper's  Bottom,  Franklin  County 1810 

STATE    ORGANIZATION. 

In  1818,  John  Scott  being  delegate  to  Congress,  the  inhab- 
itants of  Missouri  petitioned  for  admission  into  the  Union  of 
States.  The  House  of  Representatives  passed  a  bill  to  admit  the 
State  without  slavery,  but,  as  the  Senate  refused  to  concur  in 
tliis  anti-slavery  clause,  the  bill  failed.  Subsequently  the  meas- 
ure was  amended  so  as  to  provide  for  the  gradual  restriction  of 
involuntary  servitude,  but  the  Senate  refusing  to  endorse  any 
anti-slavery  proviso  whatever,  and  the  House  insisting  on  that 
provision,  the  bill  again  failed.  In  1820,  while  the  matter  was 
still  under  discussion,  Jesse  B.  Thomas,  of  Illinois,  presented  an 
amendment,  which  settled  for  the  time  all  differences  between  the 
two   Houses,  and  allowed  Missouri    to    enter    the  Union    with 


64  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

slavery.     That  amendment,  famous  in  history  as  the  "  Missouri 
Compromise,"  is  as  follows: 

An  Act  to  Authorize  the  People  of  the  Missouki  Territory  to  form  a 
Constitution  and  State  Government,  and  for  the  Admission  of  such 
State  into  the  Union  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  Original  States, 
and  to  Prohibit  Slavery  in  certain  Territories — Adopted  March 
G,  1820. 

********** 

Sec.  8.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  in  all  that  territory  ceded  by  France 
to  the  United  States,  under  the  name  of  Louisiana,  which  lies  north  of  thirty- 
six  degrees  and  thirty  minutes  north  latitude,  not  included  within  the  limits  of 
the  State  contemplated  by  this  act,  slavery  and  involuntary  servitude,  otherwise 
than  in  the  punishment  of  crimes  whereof  the  parties  shall  have  been  duly 
convicted,  s/iall  l>e  and  is  hereby  forever  pruhibited.  Provided  always.  That  any 
person  escaping  into  the  same,  from^whom  labor  or  service  is  lawfully  claimed, 
in  any  State  or  Territory  of  the  United  States,  such  fugitive  may  be  lawfully 
reclaimed  and  conveyed  to  the  person  claiming  his  or  her  labor  or  services  as 
aforesaid. 

Such  was  the  "  Missouri  Compromise,"  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant acts  of  American  legislation.  The  pro-slavery  senators 
consented  to  this  measure  because  they  saw  by  the  determination 
of  the  House  that  they  would  be  unable  otherwise  to  secure  the 
admission  of  Missouri. 

STATE     CONVENTION. 

Under  the  act  of  Congress,  the  people  of  the  Territory  of 
Missouri,  then  organized  into  fifteen  counties,  were  authorized  to 
hold  an  election  in  May,  1820,  to  choose  representatives  to  a  State 
convention  whose  object  should  be  the  framing  of  a  constitution. 
Accordingly,  forty-one  representatives  thus  chosen  convened 
at  St.  Louis  on  June  12.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the 
members  of  the  convention,  together  with  the  counties  which 
they  represented: 

Cape  Girardeau — Stephen  Byrd,  James  Evans,  Richard  S. 
Thomas,  Alexander  Buckner,  Joseph  McFerron. 

Cooper — Robert  P.    Clark,  Robert  Wallace,  William  Lillard. 

Franklin — John  G.  Heath. 

Howard — Nicholas  S.  Burkhartt,  Duff  Green,  John  Ray,  Jon- 
athan S.  Fiudlay,  Benjamin  H.  Reeves. 

Jefferson — Daniel  Hammond. 

Lincoln — Malcolm   Henry. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  65 

Montgomery — Jonathan  Kamsey,  James  Talbott. 

Madison — Nathaniel  Cook. 

New  Madrid — ^ Robert  D.  Dawson,  Christopher  G.  Houts. 

Pike — Stephen  Cleaver. 

St.  Charles — Benjamin  Emmons,  Nathan  Boone,  Hiram  H. 
Barber. 

Ste.  Genevieve — John  D.  Cook,  Henry  Dodge,  John  Scott,  E. 
T.  Brown. 

St.  Louis — David  Barton,  Edward  Bates,  Alexander  McNair, 
William  Eector,  John  C.  Sullivan,  Pierre  Chouteau,  Jr.,  Bernard 
Pratte,  Thomas  E.  Eiddick. 

Washington — John  Eice  Jones,  Samuel  Perry,  John  Hutch- 
ings. 

Wayne — Elijah  Bettis. 

David  Barton  was  elected  president  of  the  convention  and 
William  G.  Pettis,  secretary. 

1*he  constitution  which  the  convention  formed  took  effect 
from  the  authority  of  the  body  itself,  no  provision  having  been 
made  to  submit  it  to  the  vote  of  the  people.  It  withstood  the 
mutations  of  parties  and  all  efforts  at  material  amendment  from 
the  time  of  its  adoption  till  the  convention  of  1865. 

THE  CLAY  COMPKOMISE. 

On  the  16th  of  November,  Mr.  Scott  laid  before  the  House  of 
Eepresentatives  at  Washington  a  copy  of  the  constitution  of  the 
new  State,  whereupon  a  fresh  debate  arose,  first,  because  the  con- 
stitution sanctioned  slavery  and,  second,  because  one  of  its  ar- 
ticles especially  enjoined  that  such  laws  should  be  passed  as 
might  be  necessary  to  prevent  freemulattoes  and  negroes  from 
coming  to  or  settling  in  the  new  State,  under  any  pretext  what- 
soever. 

The  perils  of  the  political  situation  becoming  imminent,  Mr. 
Clay,  of  Kentucky,  moved  that  twenty-three  representatives,  one 
fi'om  each  State,  be  appointed  to  act  jointly  with  the  Senate  com- 
mittee, in  an  attempt  to  adjust  the  difficulty.  Such  a  committee 
was  chosen  with  Mr.  Clay  as  its  chairman.  The  Senate  also  ap- 
pointed seven  of  its  members  on  the  joint  committee,  which,  on 
February  26,  1821,  reported  to  each  House  the  following: 


6G  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

Resolved  hy  the  Senate  and  House  of  Bepresentatices  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  in  Gongress  Assembled,  That  Missouri  shall  be  admitted  into  this  Union 
on  an  equal  footing  with  the  original  States,  in  all  respects  whatever,  upon  the 
fundamental  condition  that  the  fourth  clause  of  the  twenty-sixth  section  of 
the  third  article  of  the  constitution,  submitted  on  the  part  of  said  State  to  Con- 
gress, shall  never  be  construed  to  authorize  the  passage  of  any  law,  and  that 
no  law  shall  be  passed  in  conformity  thereto,  by  which  any  citizen  of  either 
of  the  States  in  this  Union  shall  be  excluded  from  the  enjoyment  of  anj'  of  the 
privileges  and  immunities  to  which  such  citizen  is  entitled  under  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States.  Provided,  That  the  Legislature  of  said  State,  by  a  sol- 
emn public  act,  shall  declare  the  assent  of  the  said  State  to  the  said  funda- 
mental condition,  and  shall  transmit  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  on 
or  before  the  fourth  Monday  in  November  next,  an  authentic  copy  of  the  said 
act;  upon  the  receipt  whereof  the  President,  by  proclamation,  shall  announce  the 
fact;  whereupon,  and  without  any  further  proceeding  on  the  part  of  Congress, 
the  admission  of  the  said  State  into  the  Union  shall  be  considered  as  complete. 

The  resolution  was  soon  adopted  by  both  Houses,  and  on  the 
26th  of  the  following  June  the  Legislature  of  Missouri  adopted 
an  act  declaring  the  assent  of  the  State  to  the  conditions  of  ad- 
mission, and  transmitted  to  the  President  a  copy  of  the  same. 
August  10,  1821,  after  a  struggle  of  two  years  and  a  half,  the 
admission  of  Missouri  into  the  Union  was  announced  by  the  proc- 
lamation of  President  Monroe,  and  the  State  from  that  day  took 
rank  as  the  twenty-fourth  of  the  American  Republic. 

THE    FIRST    GENERAL    .\SSEMBLY. 

In  anticipation  of  the  admission  of  the  State  into  the  Union 
a  general  election  had  been  held  on  August  28,  1820.  Alexan- 
der McNair  was  chosen  Governor ;  William  H.  Ashley,  lieutenant- 
governor,  and  John  Scott,  representative  to  Congress.  Senators 
and  representatives  to  the  General  Assembly  (fourteen  of  the 
former  and  forty-three  of  the  latter)  were  also  elected.  This 
body  convened  at  St.  Louis  in  September,  and  elected  David  Bar- 
ton and  Thomas  H.  Benton  United  States  senators,  although,  as 
the  State  was  not  formally  admitted  into  the  Union  until  the  fol- 
lowing August,  they  were  not  allowed  to  take  their  places  until 
December,  1821.  Mr.  Benton  held  the  position  of  United  States 
senator  for  thirty  consecutive  years. 

At  this  session  of  tlie  Legislature  were  organized  the  coun- 
ties of  Boone,  Callaway,  Chariton,  Cole,  Gasconade,  Lillard  (af- 
terward La  Fayette),  Perry,  Ralls,  Ray  and  Saline.  The  seat  of 
government  was  fixed  at  St.  Charles,  but  was  moved,  in  1826,  to 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI.  67 

Jefferson  City.  AccordiDg  to  the  first  census  taken  in  Septem- 
ber, 1821,  the  population  of  the  State  was  70,647,  of  whom 
11,254  were  slaves. 

EARLY  WARS. 

BLACK    HAWK   WAR. 

In  1804  a  treaty  was  concluded  between  the  United  States 
and  the  chiefs  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  nations.  One  old  warrior  of 
the  Sacs,  however,  called  Black  Hawk,  who  had  fought  with  great 
bravery  in  the  service  of  Great  Britain  during  the  War  of  1812, 
had  always  taken  exception  to  this  treaty,  pronouncing  it  void. 
In  1831  he  established  himself  with  a  chosen  band  of  braves 
upon  the  disputed  territory  in  Illinois,  ordering  the  whites  to 
leave  the  country  at  once.  Fifteen  hundred  volunteers  from  that 
State,  aided  by  Gen.  Gaines,  with  a  company  of  regulars,  sur- 
prised the  Indians,  and  forced  them  into  another  treaty,  by  which 
they  ceded  all  their  lands  east  of  the  Mississippi,  and  agreed  to 
remain"  upon  the  other  side  of  the  river.  Soon,  however,  a  band  of 
these  same  Indians  attacked  a  party  of  friendly  Menominies  en- 
camped at  Prairie  du  Chieu,  murdering  twenty-five  and  wound- 
ing many  others.  Brig. -Gen.  Atkinson,  with  a  large  detachment 
of  regular  troops  from  Jefferson  Barracks,  was  sent  to  chastise 
the  murderers  who  had  thus  flagrantly  violated  their  treaty- 
Upon  this  Black  Hawk,  with  his  adherents,  recrossed  the  Missis- 
sippi and  established  himself  at  Rock  River.  Keokuk  was  the 
rightful  chief  of  the  Sacs -and  Foxes,  and  with  the  majority  of 
his  tribes  remained  true  to  their  agreement  with  the  United 
States,  but  Black  Hawk's  followers  were  bent  upon  revenge  and 
plunder.  May  14,  1832,  a  bloody  engagement  occurred  near 
Dixon's  Ferry.  On  account  of  the  proximity  of  these  hostilities 
to  the  Missouri  border,  and  fearing  an  Indian  invasion.  Gov.  Mil- 
ler ordered  Maj.-Gen.  Richard  Gentry,  of  Columbia,  this  State, 
to  raise  1,000  volunteers,  prepared  to  start  for  the  frontier  at  a 
moment's  warning. 

Accordingly  on  May  29,  1832,  orders  were  issued  by  Gen. 
Gentry  to  Brig.-Gens.  Benjamin  Means,  commanding  the  Seventh ; 
Jonathan  Riggs,  the  Eighth,  and  Jesse  T.  Wood,  the  Ninth 
Brigade,  Third  Division,  to  raise,  the  first  named  400  and  each 
of  the  last  300  men.  Each  man  was    "  to  keep  in  readiness  a  horse 


68  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

with  the  necessary  equipment,  and  a  rifle  in  good  order,  with 
an  ample  supply  of  ammunition."  Five  companies  were  at 
once  raised  in  Boone  County,  and  others  in  Callaway,  Mont- 
gomery, St.  Charles,  Lincoln,  Pike,  Marion,  Ealls,  Clay  and 
Monroe.  Two  of  them,  Capt.  John  Jamison's,  of  Callaway,  and 
Capt.  David  M.  Hickman's,  of  Boone,  in  July,  1832,  were  mus- 
tered into  service  for  thirty  days,  and  placed  under  command  of 
Maj.  Thomas  Conyers.  This  detachment,  acconapanied  by  Gen. 
Gentry  in  person,  arrived  at  Palmyra,  July  10,  and  at  Fort  Pike, 
which  was  situated  on  the  Des  Moines,  at  the  present  site  of  St. 
Francisville,  in  Clark  County,  five  days  afterward.  Finding  that 
no  hostile  Indians  had  entered  Missouri,  Gen.  Gentry  ordered 
work  to  be  discontinued  on  Fort  Matson,  in  the  northern  part  of 
Adair  County,  sixty-five  miles  from  Fort  Pike,  and  within  eight 
miles  of  the  Chariton,  and  left  for  Columbia,  where  he  arrived  on 
July  19.  Maj.  Conyers'  command  was  left  at  Fort  Pike.  On 
August  5,  this  detachment  was  relieved  by  two  other  companies, 
under  Capts.  Sinclair  Kirtley,  of  Boone,  and  Patrick  Ewing,  of 
Callaway.  Maj.  Conyers  remained  in  command  of  the  fort.  In 
September,  the  Indian  troubles  having  apparently  subsided, 
the  troops  on  the  northern  frontier  of  Missouri  were  mustered 
out  of  service. 

For  nearly  a  year  afterward,  the  war  was  continued  at  various 
points  in  Illinois  and  Iowa,  until,  at  the  decisive  battle  of  the  Bad 
Axe,  Black  Hawk  was  entirely  defeated,  and  a  great  number  of 
his  followers  killed.  He  himself  escaped,  but  was  soon  captured 
and  delivered  to  the  United  States  officers.  He  was  carried  in 
triumph  through  a  great  part  of  the  States,  after  Mhich,  shorn  of 
his  power,  if  not  his  ambition,  he  was  permitted  to  return  to  his 
tribe.  Black  Hawk  died  at  the  village  of  his  people,  on  the  Des 
Moines  River,  in  Davis  County,  Iowa,  in  1838,  aged  about  seventy 
years. 

tHE    SEMINOLE    WAR. 

Florida  originally  belonged  to  Spain.  Among  its  aboriginal 
inhabitants  was  a  humane  and  romantic  tribe  of  Indians,  called 
the  Seminoles.  Their  manners  were  gentle,  and  their  language 
soft ;  but  the  Mrougs  they  suffered  are  as  deep  and  wicked  as  any 
ever  inflicted  by  a  civilized  nation  upon  a  weak  and  defenseless 
people.     Escaping  slaves  found  refuge  in  the  Spanish  Territory, 


HISTOBY    OF     MISSOURI.  69 

formed  settlements  aloug  the  Appalachicola  and  Suwannee  Rivers, 
and  became  members  of  the  Seminole  and  Creek  nations,  holding 
lands  and  enjoying  the  fruits  of  their  labors.  Spain  refused  to 
deliver  up  the  fugitives  who  had  thus  intermarried  with  the  In- 
dians, and  whose  descendants  soon  became  an  almost  indistin- 
guishable part  of  the  tribe.  The  slave  holders  of  Georgia  were 
furious,  and  the  Government  of  that  State,  on  several  occasions, 
sent  troops  into  the  Creek  country  and  laid  waste  villages,  burned 
huts,  and  killed  innocent  members  of  the  tribe.  Spain  resented 
these  piratical  raids,  and  the  President  of  the  United  States  was 
compelled  to  disavow  any  responsibility  for  such  outrages,  which 
nevertheless  continued. 

On  July  27,  1S16,  an  old  fort  situated  on  the  Appalachicola, 
which  had  been  built  by  the  British  during  the  War  of  1812,  and 
subsequently  occupied  by  the  blacks  and  their  descendants,  was 
blown  lip  by  forces  imder  command  of  Gen.  Gaines.  There  were 
in  the  fort  334  persons,  mostly  women  and  children,  and  270  of 
these  unfortunate  creatures  were  instantly  torn  in  pieces. 

The  Seminoles,  goaded  from  their  placid  ways,  attempted  to 
retaliate;  but  their  efforts,  though  gallant,  were  feeble.  The 
raitis  upon  the  Seminole  country  and  its  citizens  continued,  and 
the  state  of  affairs  became  a  matter  of  serious  perplexity  to  the 
general  Government. 

In  1835,  during  President  Jackson's  administration,  renewed 
hostilities  arose  from  an  attempt  to  remove  the  Seminoles  and 
Creeks  to  lands  west  of  the  Mississippi.  The  chief  of  the  former 
tribe  was  Osceola,  a  half  breed  of  great  talents  and  audacity, 
who,  driven  to  despei'ation  by  personal  wrongs,  as  well  as  those 
inflicted  upon  his  people,  formed  a  conspiracy  to  slaughter  the 
whites  and  devastate  the  country.  The  Creeks  were  soon  con- 
quered and  set  beyond  the  Mississippi.  In  1837  Osceola  was 
captured  and  soon  after  died,  but  the  war  continued. 

In  the  fall  of  1837  the  Secretary  of  War  issued  a  requisition 
on  Gov.  Boggs,  of  Missouri,  for  two  regiments  of  mounted  vol- 
unteers for  the  Seminole  War. 

The  first  regiment  was  raised  chiefly  in  Boone  and  neighbor- 
ing counties  by  Col.  Gentry,  and  was  composed  of  eight  compan- 
ies.    Four  companies  of  the  second  regiment  were  also  raised 


70  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

and  attached  to  the  first.     Of  these  latter,  two  companies  were 
composed  of  Delaware  and  Osage  Indians. 

Col.  Gentry's  regiment  left  Missouri  in  October,  1837.  The 
men  were  taken  by  boat  from  St.  Louis  to  New  Orleans,  and 
transported  thence  to  Tampa  Bay,  Florida.  On  the  voyage  they 
encountered  a  severe  storm,  and  several  of  the  vessels  were 
stranded.  Many  horses  were  lost  but  no  men,  and  on  the  15th 
of  November  the  troops  disembarked  at  their  destination.  On 
.the  1st  of  December  they  received  orders  from  Gen.  Zachary 
Taylor,  then  commanding  in  Florida,  to  march  to  Okeechobee 
Lake,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  the  whole  force  of  the  Seminoles 
was  said  to  have  collected.  Having  reached  the  Kissemme  River, 
seventy  miles  distant,  the  cavalry  scouts  captured  several  Indians, 
from  whom  Col.  Gentry  learned  that  their  main  forces  were  near 
at  hand,  and  immediately  crossing  the  river  he  formed  the  Missouri 
volunteers  in  front,  and,  supporting  them  at  a  proper  distance  by 
the  regular  army  on  either  flank,  advanced  to  meet  the  attack.  The 
Indians  had  chosen  a  fine  position,  and  continued  the  battle  with 
a  pertinacity  seldom  exhibited  in  their  method  of  warfare.  Col. 
Gentry  fought  on  foot,  as  did  all  his  command,  and  had  repulsed 
the  enemy  after  several  hours  of  severe  fighting.  He  was  grad- 
ually pushing  them  across  a  swamp,  and  had  nearly  reached 
the  dry  soil,  when  a  bullet  pierced  his  abdomen,  inflicting  a  fatal 
wound.  He  knew  its  serious  nature,  yet  stood  erect  an  hour 
afterward,  and  cheered  his  men  to  victory,  until,  at  last,  being 
compelled  to  desist,  he  was  borne  from  the  field,  and  expired  the 
same  night.  The  Missourians  continued  to  fight  several  hours 
after  the  fall  of  their  leader,  until  the  Indians  were  entirely  van- 
quished. The  loss  of  the  whites  in  killed  and  wounded  was  138, 
most  of  whom  were  Missourians. 

The  forces  from  this  State  being  no  longer  needed,  they  re- 
turned to  their  homes  early  in  1838.  The  remains  of  Col.  Gentry, 
as  well  as  those  of  Capt.  Vanswearingen  and  Lieuts.  Brooke  and 
Center,  of  the  Sixth  Regular  United  States  Infantry,  were 
afterward  brought  to  Jefferson  Barracks  and  buried,  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States  erecting  over  them  a  suitable 
monument.  The  county  of  Gentry  was  named  in  memory  of  the 
gallant  commander. 


HISTOEY    OF     MISSOURI.  71 

After  a  war  of  eight  years,  during  which  nearly  $40,000,000 
had  been  expended,  several  hundred  persons  seized  and  enslaved, 
and  hundreds  of  lives  lost,  the  Seminoles  and  their  colored  kin- 
dred were  removed  as  far  as  the  Cherokee  country,  and  subse- 
quently to  that  of  the  Creeks.  After  persistent  attempts  of  the 
latter  to  reduce  them  to  a  state  of  servitude,  and  after  many  of 
the  exiles  had  been  actually  seized  and  sold  into  perpetual  bond- 
age, the  remainder  of  the  blacks,  excepting  200  who  were  sup- 
posed to  be  so  intermarried  with  the  Seminoles  as  to  render  them 
safe,  abandoned  the  country  and  fled  to  Mexico. 

THE  MORMONS  AND  THE  MORMON  WAR. 

The  origin,  rapid  development  and  prosperity  of  the  relig- 
ious sect,  commonly  called  the  Mormons,  are  among  the  most 
remarkable  and  instructive  historical  events  of  the  present  cen- 
tury. That  an  obscure  individual,  without  money,  education  or 
elevated  position  in  society,  should  persuade  people  to  believe 
him  inspired  of  God,  and  cause  a  book,  insignificant  as  a  literary 
production,  to  be  received  as  a  continuation  of  the  sacred  reve- 
lation, appears  almost  incredible.  Yet  in  less  than  half  a  cen- 
tury, the  disciples  of  this  personage  have  increased  to  hundreds 
of  thousands ;  have  founded  a  State  in  the  distant  wilderness,  and 
compelled  the  Government  of  the  United  States  to  practically  rec- 
ognize t  hem  as  an  independent  people. 

The  founder  of  Mormonism  was  Joseph  Smith,  a  native  of 
Vermont,  who  emigrated,  while  quite  young,  with  his  father's 
family  to  western  New  York.  The  story  of  the  finding  of  the 
golden  plates  in  the  "  Hill  of  Cumarah,"  their  transcription,  the 
printing  of  the  Mormon  Bible,  the  organization  of  the  first  church 
of  the  new  faith,  are  themes  not  important  to  be  considered  here. 
It  may  be  well  to  state  in  passing  that  the  believers  in  Mormon- 
ism claim  that  their  Bible  gives  a  history  of  the  peopling  of  the 
Western  Continent,  as  the  common  Bible  narrates  the  origin  of 
the  human  race  on  the  Eastern,  and  the  Mormons  accept  both 
volumes  as  of  Divine  inspiration,  calling  themselves  "The  Church 
of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter  Day  Saints."  The  common  name  by 
which  they  are  known  is  that  given  to  one  of  the  writers  of  the 
Mormon  Bible. 


72  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

Having  gained  a  number  of  converts,  Smith,  in  1831,  moved 
to  Kirtland,  Ohio,  and,  during  the  same  year,  made  a  visit  to 
Missouri  in  search  of  a  location  for  "Zion."  He  found  it  at  In- 
dependence, Jackson  County,  named  the  place  "  The  New  Jerusa- 
lem," and  returned  to  Kirtland. 

In  1832  Smith  established  himself  with  many  followers  in 
Jackson  County.  Here  the  new  church  acquired  several  thou- 
sand acres  of  land,  which  the  members  professed  to  hold  in  com- 
mon, and  published  a  paper  called  The  Morning  and  Evening 
Star,  in  which  were  printed  promises  of  boundless  prosperity  to 
the  "Saints,"  and fi'ightful  denunciations  against  the  "Gentiles." 
The  result  was  a  series  of  trifling  encounters  between  the  two 
parties,  until,  October  31,  1833,  an  engagement  occurred  near 
Westport,  in  which  two  citizens  and  one  Mormon  were  killed. 

The  Gentile  citizens  of  Jackson  County  now  rose  in  arms  in 
considerable  numbers,  and  committed  a  series  of  acts  of  violence 
toward  the  Mormons.  The  bishop  was  tarred  and  feathered, 
the  printing  press  thrown  into  the  river,  the  storehouse  plun- 
dered, and  the  "  Saints  "  were  forced  to  leave  the  county  without 
any  compensation  whatever  for  the  lands  they  were  compelled  to 
abandon. 

The  Mormons  next  located  in  Clay,  Carroll  and  Caldwell 
Counties,  but  principally  in  the  latter,  which  was  organized  for 
their  benefit.  They  established  headquarters  at  Far  "West,  which 
was  founded  in  1836,  and  which  Smith  assured  his  followers  would 
soon  become  one  of  the  great  cities  of  the  world.  As  the  result 
of  the  preaching  of  missionaries  in  the  Eastern  States,  converts 
flocked  into  the  country  and  their  settlements  soon  spread  into 
Daviess  and  Clinton  Counties,  but  Far  West  was  their  chief  town 
and  commercial  center.  Some  of  the  Mormon  settlers  wei'e  good 
and  industrious  people,  but  many  were  violent  and  lawless,  and 
considered  that  they  had  a  right  to  take  anything  they  chose 
from  the  Gentiles.  As  the  latter  were  in  the  minority  in  Cald- 
well County,  and  as  most  of  the  county  offices  were  held  by 
"Saints,"  there  was  considerable  dissatisfaction  among:  the  Gen- 
tiles,  and  violent  deeds  were  committed  on  either  side. 

In  Carroll  County  a  committee  of  citizens  waited  upon  the 
leaders  of  the  Mormon  settlement  at  De  Witt,  and  notified  them 


HISTOEY    OF     MISSOURI.  73 

that  they  must  leave  the  county.  Mormon  recruits  poured  into 
the  town,  and  an  engagement  took  place  on  the  21st  of  Septem- 
ber, 1838,  but  no  serious  casiialty  occurred.  The  attacking 
party  was  now  increased  by  reinforcements  to  400  or  500  men, 
but  before  renewing  the  battle,  they  demanded  once  more  that 
the  obnoxious  settlers  should  leave  the  county. 

Although  the  terms  of  this  proposition  were  quite  stringent, 
it  was  acceded  to,  and  the  Saints  loaded  their  property  on  wagons 
and  removed  to  Far  West. 

October  25  a  skirmish  took  place  at  Crooked  Kiver  in  the 
southwestern  part  of  Caldwell  County,  where  one  Gentile  was 
killed,  several  others  wounded,  and  David  Patten,  the  leader  of 
the  Danite  Band  or  United  Brothers  of  Gideon,  and  two  other 
Mormons,  were  killed.  The  Gentiles  were  commanded  by  Oapt. 
Sam.  Bogart. 

The  people  of  Missouri  now  determined  to  be  rid  of  the 
Mormons,  and  in  1838  Gov.  Boggs  issued  an  order  to  Maj.- 
Gen.  David  R.  Atchison  to  call  out  the  militia  of  his  division 
and  proceed  against  the  Mormons  and  expel  them  from  the  State 
or  "extenuate  them."  A  part  of  the  First  Brigade  of  the  Mis- 
souri State  Militia,  under  command  of  Gen.  Alexander  W.  Doni- 
phan, at  once  proceeded  to  the  seat  of  war.  Upon  receipt  of  Gov. 
Boggs'  exterminating  order,  Gen.  Atchison  left  the  field,  and  the 
command  of  the  forces  was  turned  over  to  Maj.-Gen.  S.  D.  Lucas, 
of  Independence,  pending  the  arrival  of  Gen.  John  B.  Clark,  of 
Howard  County.  The  Mormon  forces  numbering  about  600  men 
were  led  by  Col.  George  W.  Hinkle. 

The  principal  event  was  the  massacre  at  Haun's  mills,  five 
miles  south  of  the  present  site  of  Breckinridge,  Caldwell  County. 
Three  militiamen  were  wounded  and  seventeen  of  the  Mormons 
two  of  them  little  boys,  killed  —  some  of  them  after  their  sur- 
render —  and  their  bodies  were  thrown  into  a  half  finished  well. 
This  massacre,  for  it  was  nothing  else,  was  perpetrated  by  250 
men  from  Livingston  and  Daviess  Counties,  under  Col.  Thomas 
Jennings. 

When  the  militia  appeared  at  Far  West  where  the  principal 
Mormon  forces  were  gathered,  the  Mormons  surrendered,  agree- 
ing to  Gen.   Lucas'  conditions,  viz. :  That  they  should  deliver  up 


74  HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI. 

their  arms,  pay  the  expenses  of  the  war,  sm-render  their  promi- 
nent leaders  for  trial,  and  tlie  remainder  of  the  Mormons  should, 
■with  their  families,  leave  the  State. 

The  leaders  were  taken  before  a  court  of  inquiry  at  Rich- 
mond, Judge  Austin  A.  King  presiding.  He  remanded  them  to 
Daviess  County  to  await  the  action  of  the  grand  jury  on  a 
charge  of  treason  against  the  State.  The  Daviess  County  jail 
being  poor,  they  were  confined  at  Liberty.  Indictments  for 
various  offenses  —  treason,  murder,  robbery,  receiving  stolen 
goods,  arson,  resisting  legal  process,  etc., —  were  found  against 
Joseph  Smith,  Hiram  Smith,  Sidney  Eigdon,  G.  W.  Hinkle, 
Parley  P.  Pratt  and  a  number  of  others.  Sidney  Rigdon  was 
released  on  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus.  The  others  requested  a 
change  of  venue,  and  Judge  King  sent  their  cases  to  Boone 
County  for  trial.  On  their  way  to  Columbia,  under  a  military 
guard,  Joe  Smith  effected  his  escape.  It  is  generally  believed 
that  the  guard  was  bribed,  subsequently,  P.  P.  Pratt  and  others 
also  escaped;  some  of  the  prisoners  were  acquitted,  and  the 
indictments  dismissed  against  all  the  others.  In  connection 
with  the  removal  of  the  Mormons,  and  according  to  the  terms  of 
their  surrender,  there  were  many  terrible  scenes.  Numbers  of 
them  were  poor,  and  had  invested  their  all  in  lands  from  which 
they  were  about  to  be  driven.  Valuable  farms  were  traded  for 
an  old  wagon,  a  horse,  a  yoke  of  oxen,  or  anything  that  would 
furnish  means  of  transportation.  In  many  instances,  convey- 
ances of  lands  were  demanded  and  enforced  at  the  muzzle  of  the 
pistol  or  the  rifle.  Nearly  4,000  Mormons  removed  from  Cald- 
well County  to  Nauvoo,  111. 

CONSTITUTIONAL    CONVENTION   OF    1845. 

At  the  August  election  of  1845,  sixty-six  members  were 
chosen  by  the  people  to  remodel  the  constitution.  Representa- 
tion under  the  old  constitution,  which  allowed  each  county  at 
least  one  representative,  and  limited  the  whole  number  to  100 
members  in  the  lower  branch  of  the  General  Assembly,  had 
become  very  unequal.  Chiefly  to  remedy  this  irregularity,  but 
at  the  same  time  for  other  purposes,  the  convention  was  called. 

It  convened  at  Jefferson   City,  on   November  17,  1845,  and 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  75 

organized  by  the  election  of  Robert  W.  Wells  as  president ;  Clai- 
borne F.  Jackson,  vice-president,  and  R.  Walker,  secretary. 
Some  of  the  most  able  and  distinguished  men  of  the  State  were 
members  of  this  body.  The  whole  organic  law  was  reviewed, 
and,  in  many  material  respects,  remodeled.  The  convention 
adopted  (ayes,  forty-nine,  nays,  thirteen)  a  new  constitution,  and 
submitted  it  to  the  people,  and  adjourned  sine  die  January  14, 
1846.  During  the  canvass  the  constitution  was  very  generally 
disciissed  by  the  newspapers  and  candidates,  and  finally,  at  the 
August  election,  rejected  by  about  9,000  majority,  the  whole 
number  of  votes  cast  being  about  60,000. 

THE    MEXICAN  WAR. 

From  1821  to  1836  the  vast  territory  lying  between  Louisi- 
ana and  Mexico  had  been  a  province  of  the  latter  country.  It 
had  been  the  policy  of  Spain  and  Mexico  to  keep  Texas  uninhab- 
ited, in  order  that  the  vigorous  race  of  Americans  might  not  en- 
croach on  the  Mexican  borders.  At  last,  however,  a  large  land 
grant  was  made  to  Moses  Austin,  of  Connecticut,  on  condition 
that  he  would  settle  300  American  families  within  the  limits  of 
his  domain.  Afterward  the  grant  was  confirmed  to  his  son  Ste- 
phen, with  the  privilege  of  establishing  500  additional  families 
of  immigrants.  Thus  the  foundation  of  Texas  was  laid  by  people 
of  the  English  race. 

Owing  to  the  oppressive  policy  adopted  by  Mexico,  the  Tex- 
ans,  in  1835,  raised  the  standard  of  rebellion.  Many  adventur- 
ers and  some  heroes  from  the  United  States  flocked  to  their  aid. 
In  the  first  battle  fought  at  Gonzales,  1,000  Mexicans  were  de- 
feated by  a  Texan  force  numbering  500.  On  March  6,  1836,  a 
Texan  fort,  called  the  Alamo,  was  surrounded  by  a  Mexican  army, 
commanded  by  Pres.  Santa  Anna.  The  feeble  garrison  was 
overpowered  and  massacred  under  circumstances  of  great  atroc- 
ity. David  Crocket,  an  ex-congressman  of  Tennessee,  and  a 
famous  hunter,  was  one  of  the  victims  of  the  butchery.  In  the 
next  month  was  fought  the  decisive  battle  of  San  Jacinto,  which 
gave  to  Texas  her  freedom.  The  independence  of  the  new  State 
was  acknowledged  by  the  United  States,  Great  Britain  and 
France. 


76  HISTORY    OF     MIS80UEI. 

On  the  1st  of  March,  1844,  Texas  was  admitted  into  the  Amer- 
ican Union  as  a  sovereign  State,  and  on  the  4th  of  July,  1845, 
the  Texan  Legislature  ratified  the  act  of  annexation.  Knowing 
the  warlike  attitude  of  Mexico,  the  authorities  of  Texas  sent  an 
immediate  and  urgent  request  to  the  President  to  dispatch  an 
army  for  their  protection.  Accordingly,  Gen.  Zachary  Taylor 
was  ordered  to  occupy  Texas.  The  real  issue  between  that  State 
and  Mexico  was  concerning  boundaries.  Texas  claimed  the  Bio 
Grande  as  her  Western  limit,  while  Mexico  was  determined  to 
have  the  Nueces  as  the  separating  line.  The  territory  between 
the  two  rivers  was  in  dispute.  Having  made  an  unsuccessful  at- 
tempt to  settle  the  difficulty  by  negotiation,  the  American  Gov- 
ernment sent  Gen.  Taylor  to  Corpus  Christi,  at  the  month  of  the 
Nueces,  where,  by  the  beginning  of  November,  1845,  he  had 
concentrated  a  force  of  4,000  or  5,000  men.  In  the  following 
January  Gen.  Taylor  was  ordered  to  advance  to  the  Eio  Grande. 
He  took  his  station  ojDposite  Matamoras  and  hastily  erected  a 
fortress,  afterward  named  Fort  Brown. 

In  April,  1846,  Mexico  declared  war  against  the  United 
States,  and  this  was  promptly  followed  by  a  counter  declaration, 
on  the  part  of  the  American  Congress,  against  Mexico,  Soon 
after  this  exchange  of  challenges,  the  Mexicans  crossed  the  Eio 
Grande  in  strong  force,  headed  by  their  famous  generals.  Arista 
and  Ampudia,  and,  on  the  8th  and  9th  of  May,  at  Palo  Alto  and 
Besaca  de  la  Palma,  were  met  and  repulsed  with  great  slaughter 
by  Gen.  Taylor. 

When  the  news  of  the  battles  on  the  Bio  Grande  was  borne 
through  the  Union,  the  national  spirit  was  everywhere  aroused, 
and  party  dissensions  were  hushed  into  silence.  A  call  was 
made  for  50,000  volunteers,  and  Missouri  was  not  backward 
among  her  sister  States  in  responding  to  the  appeal.  The  St. 
Louis  Legion,  a  military  organization  under  command  of  Col. 
A.  B.  Eastou,  quickly  prepared  for  the  field  of  action.  Supplies 
were  raised  for  them  by  liberal  subscriptions  on  the  part  of  the 
citizens,  and  in  a  few  days  they  departed  for  the  seat  of  war. 
The  American  forces  were  organized  in  three  divisions:  the 
Army  of  the  West,  under  Gen.  Kearney,  to  cross  the  Bocky 
Mountains  and  conquer  the  northern  Mexican  provinces :  the  Army 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  77 

of  the  Center,  under  Gen.  Scott  as  commander-in-chief,  to  march 
from  the  Gulf  coast  into  the  heart  of  the  enemy's  country ;  and  the 
Army  of  Occupation,  commanded  by  Gen.  Taylor,  to  subdue  and 
hold  the  districts  on  the  Kio  Grande.  About  the  middle  of  May, 
1846,  Gov.  Edwards,  of  Missouri,  called  for  mounted  volunteers 
to  join  the  first  of  these  divisions,  which  was  about  to  undertake 
an  expedition  to  Santa  Fe.  By  the  18th  of  June  the  full  com- 
plement of  companies  to  compose  the  First  Regiment  had  ar- 
rived at  Fort  Leavenworth,  the  appointed  rendezvous.  These 
volunteers  were  from  the  counties  of  Jackson,  Lafayette,  Clay, 
Saline,  Franklin,  Cole,  Howard  and  Callaway.  Alexander  W. 
Doniphan,  of  Clay,  was  elected  colonel;  0.  F.  Eiiff,  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  William  Gilpin,  major.  The  battalion  of  light  ar- 
tillery, from  St.  Louis,  was  commanded  by  Capts.  R.  H.  Weight- 
man  and  A.  W.  Fischer,  with  Maj.  M.  L.  Clark  as  its  field  officer. 
Battalions  of  infantry  from  Platte  and  Cole  Counties  were  com- 
manded by  Capts.  Murphy  and  W.  Z.  Augney,  respectively.  The 
Laclede  Rangers,  from  St.  Louis,  were  led  by  Capt.  Thomas 
B.  Henderson. 

In  all.  Gen.  Kearney  had  1,658  men  and  sixteen  pieces  of 
ordnance.  After  a  long  and  wearisome  march  he  reached  Santa 
Fe,  and  on  the  18th  of  August  captured  and  garrisoned  the  city. 
The  whole  of  New  Mexico  submitted  without  resistance.  With  a 
body  of  400  dragoons  Kearney  then  continued  his  march  toward 
the  Pacific  coast,  leaving  Col.  Doniphan  in  command  of  New 
Mexico. 

With  a  body  of  700  fearless  men,  this  latter  officer  made  one 
of  the  most  brilliant  movements  of  the  war.  He  undertook  a  march 
through  the  enemy's  country,  from  Santa  Fe  to  Saltillo,  a  distance 
of  more  than  800  miles.  Reaching  the  Rio  Grande  on  Christmas 
day,  he  fought  and  gained  the  battle  of  Bracito;  then  crossing  the 
river,  captured  El  Paso,  and  in  two  months  pressed  his  way  to 
within  twenty  miles  of  Chihuahua.  On  the  banks  of  Sacramento 
Creek  he  met  the  Mexicans  in  overwhelming  numbers,  and  on  the 
28th  of  February  completely  routed  them.  He  then  marched 
unopposed  into  Chihuahua,  a  city  of  more  than  40,000  inhab- 
itants, and  finally  reached  the  division  of  Gen.  Wool  in  safety. 

Early  in  the  summer  of  1846,  Hon.  Sterling  Price,  a  member 


78  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

of  Congress  from  Missouri,  resigned,  and  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Polk  to  command  another  regiment  of  Missoiiri  volunteers 
to  reinforce  the  Army  of  the  West.  This  force  consisted  of  a 
full  mounted  regiment,  one  mounted  extra  battalion,  and  one 
extra  battalion  of  Mormon  infantry.  These  troops  were  raised 
in  the  Counties  of  Boone,  Benton,  Carroll,  Chariton,  Linn,  Liv- 
ingston, Monroe,  Randolph,  Ste.  Genevieve  and  St.  Louis,  with 
Lieut-Col.  David  Willock's  extra  battalion  from  Marion,  Ray  and 
Platte. 

Col.  Price's  command  took  up  the  line  of  march  for  Santa  Fe, 
over  the  same  route  pursued  by  Doniphan  and  Kearney,  and  ar- 
rived on  September  28,  three  days  after  Kearney's  departure 
for  California. 

In  the  winter  of  1847  an  insurrection  against  the  American 
authority  broke  out  in  New  Mexico,  and  on  the  24th  of  January 
Col.  Price  met  the  enemy,  numbering  about  2,000  men,  at  Canada, 
and  repulsed  them  with  a  slight  loss  on  both  sides.  He  totally 
routed  them  at  El  Embudo,  on  January  29.  On  February  3  he 
found  the  Mexicans  and  Indians  strongly  fortified  at  Taos,  and 
engaged  them  on  the  following  day  with  shot  and  shell.  The  battle 
raged  all  day,  and  at  night  the  Mexicans  surrendered.  Price's 
loss  in  these  three  engagements  was  but  fifteen  killed  and  forty- 
seven  wounded.  Afterward,  by  order  of  Gen.  Price,  twenty-one 
of  the  Mexican  leaders  were  hung. 

In  August,  1847,  Gov.  Edwards  made  another  requisition  for 
1,000  infantry  to  follow  Col.  Price's  command.  The  regiment 
was  organized  immediately,  and  Maj.  John  Dougherty,  of  Clay 
County,  was  chosen  colonel,  but  before  it  marched  the  President 
countermanded  the  order  under  which  it  was  raised. 

Another  regiment  of  mounted  volunteers  (the  Third  Missouri 
Regiment)  was  formed  to  serve  during  the  Mexican  War.  It 
was  commanded  by  Col.  John  Ralls,  of  Ralls  County,  and  was 
mustered  into  service  about  May,  1847.  A  portion  of  this  regi- 
ment went  as  far  as  El  Paso,  Chihuahua  and  Santa  Cruz  De 
Rosales,  and  at  the  latter  place  participated  in  a  battle  against  the 
Mexicans  under  Gen.  Trias.  The  enemy  were  in  the  town  and 
sheltered  by  breastworks,  but  after  fighting  all  day  were  obliged 
to  surrender  with  their  arms,  ammunition,  wagons  and  teams. 
The  Americans  were  commanded  by  Gen.  Sterling  Price. 


HISTOEY    OF     MISSOUBI.  79 

The  war  was  now  drawing  to  a  close.  Everywhere  the  arms 
of  the  United  States  had  been  victorious,  and  on  February  2, 
1848,  a  treaty  was  concluded  between  the  two  belligerent  nations. 
By  the  terms  of  settlement  the  boundary  line  between  Mexico 
and  the  United  States  was  fixed  as  follows:  The  Rio  Grande 
from  its  mouth  to  the  southern  limit  of  New  Mexico;  thence 
westward  along  the  southern,  and  northward  along  the  western 
boundary  of  that  Territory  to  the  river  Gila ;  thence  down  that 
river  to  the  Colorado;  thence  westward  to  the  Pacific.  The 
whole  of  New  Mexico  and  Upper  California  was  relinquished  to 
the  United  States.  Mexico  guaranteed  the  free  navigation  of 
the  Gulf  of  California,  and  the  Colorado  River  from  its  mouth  to 
the  confluence  of  the  Gila.  In  consideration  of  these  territorial 
acquisitions  and  privileges,  the  United  States  agreed  to  surren- 
der all  places  held  by  military  occupation  in  Mexico;  to  pay  inta 
the  treasui-y  of  that  country  $15,000,000,  and  to  assume  all  debts 
due  from  the  Mexican  Government  to  American  citizens,  said 
debts  not  to  exceed  $3,500,000.  Thus,  at  last,  was  the  territory 
of  the  United  States  spread  out  in  one  broad  belt  from  ocean  to 
ocean. 

THE  GEE.4.T  FIRE  AT  ST.   LOUIS. 

In  May,  1849,  occurred  the  great  fire  at  St.  Louis ;  a  brief  ac- 
count of  it  from  Switzler's  History  of  Missouri  is  here  copied: 

"  On  the  evening  of  the  19th  of  that  month  a  fire  broke  out  on 
the  steamer  'White  Cloud,'  lying  at  the  wharf  between  Vine  and 
Cherry  Streets,  and  set  at  defiance  every  effort  to  arrest  its  prog- 
ress. The  flames  very  soon  communicated  to  four  other  boats 
lying  contiguous.  By  the  action  of  the  fire,  the  'White  Cloud' 
became  loosened  from  her  fastenings,  and  drifted  out  into  the 
stream  and  among-  the  other  steamers  in  port.  In  a  short  time 
the  spectacle  of  twenty-three  boats  on  fire  presented  itself.  The 
immense  conflagration  was  a  mile  in  length.  The  levee  being 
covered  with  combustible  materials,  bales,  barrels,  boxes,  etc., 
the  fire  reached  the  city  and  whole  blocks  were  swept  away.  The 
area  of  the  burnt  district  will  be  understood  by  the  statement 
that  Front  Street,  from  Locust  to  Market,  was  entirely  destroyed, 
with  the  exception  of  two  or  three  houses  on  Commercial  Street. 
Between  Commercial  and  the  levee,  there  was  not  one  left.     In 


80  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

this  immense  conflagration  there  were  twenty-three  steamboats, 
three  barges  and  one  canal  boat  destroyed,  whose  total  value  with 
their  cargoes  was  estimated  at  $439,000.  The  whole  value  of 
property  destroyed  amounted  to  over  $3,000,000." 

THE  JACKSON  RESOLUTIONS. 
The  sixteenth  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Missouri, 
which  convened  at  Jefferson  City,  December  25,  1848,  will  ever 
be  remembered  on  account  of  its  passage  of  the  famous  "Jackson 
Resolutions."  The  occasion  of  these  was  a  bill  called  the  "Wil- 
mot-Anti-Slavery  Proviso,"  which  had  been  introduced  into  the 
preceding  Congress  by  Hon.  David  Wilmot  of  Pennsylvania, 
prohibiting  the  extension  of  slavery  into  the  recently  acquired 
Territories.  Slave  holders  throiighout  the  Southern  States  were 
exceedingly  agitated  over  this  measure,  seeing  that  it  must  efPect- 
ually  put  an  end  to  the  formation  of  new  pro-slavery  States,  thus 
giving  the  majority  of  members  in  Congress  to  the  anti-slavery 
party,  and  insuring  the  final  triumph  of  the  Free  Soilers.  As  a 
result  of  the  excitement  in  Missouri,  Carty  Wells,  a  Democratic 
State  senator  from  Lincoln  County,  introduced  into  the  Upper 
House  of  the  Legislature  a  series  of  resolutions  on  various  sub- 
jects suggested  by  the  Wilmot  Proviso,  which  was  referred  to 
the  Senate  Committee  on  Federal  Eelations.  On  January  15, 
1849,  Claiborne  F.  Jackson,  senator  from  Howard  County,  re- 
ported from  this  committee  to  the  Senate  the  following  modifica- 
tion of  Mr.  Wells'  resolutions: 

Resolved,  by  the  General  Assembly  oftheState  of  Missouri.  That  the  Federal 
constitution  was  the  result  of  a  compromise  between  the  conflicting  interests  of 
the  State  which  formed  it,  and  in  no  part  of  that  instrument  is  to  be  found  any 
delegation  of  power  to  Congress  to  legislate  on  the  subject  of  slavery,  excepting 
some  special  provisions,  having  in  view  the  prospective  abolition  of  the  African 
slave  trade,  made  for  the  securing  the  recovery  of  fugitive  slaves;  any  attempt, 
therefore,  on  the  part  of  Congress  to  legislate  on  the  subject,  so  as  to  afEect  the 
institution  of  slavery  in  the  States,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  in  the  Terri- 
tories, is,  to  say  the  least,  a  violation  of  the  principles  upon  which  that  instru- 
ment was  founded. 

2.  That  the  Territories  acquired  by  the  blood  and  treasure  of  the  whole 
nation  ought  to  be  governed  for  the  common  benefit  of  the  people  of  all  the 
States,  and  any  organization  of  the  Territorial  Governments,  excluding  the 
citizens  of  any  part  of  the  Union  from  removing  to  such  Territories  with  their 
property,  would  be  an  exercise  of  power,  by  Congress,  inconsistent  with  the 
spirit  upon  which  our  Federal  compact  was  based,  insulting  to  the  sovereignty 


HISTORy    OF     MISSOURI.  81 

and  dignity  of  the  States  thus  affected,  calculated  to  alienate  one  portion  of 
the  Union  from  another,  and  tending  ultimately  to  disunion. 

3.  That  the  General  Assembly  regard  the  conduct  of  the  Northern  States 
on  the  subject  of  Slavery  as  releasing  the  slave-holding  States  from  all  further 
adherence  to  the  basis  of  compromise  fixed  on  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  March 
•6,  1820,  even  if  such  act  ever  did  impose  an}'  obligation  upon  the  slave-holding 
States,  and  authorizes  them  to  insist  upon  their  rights  under  the  constitution; 
but  for  the  salje  of  harmony,  and  for  the  preservation  of  our  Federal  Union, 
they  Vfill  sanction  the  application  of  the  principles  of  the  Missouri  Compromise 
to  the  recent  territorial  acquisitions,  if  by  such  concession  future  aggressions 
upon  the  equal  rights  of  the  States  may  be  arrested  and  the  spirit  of  anti-slavery 
fanaticism  be  extinguished. 

4.  The  right  to  prohibit  slavery  in  any  Territory  belongs  exclusively  to 
the  people  thereof,  and  can  only  be  exercised  by  them  in  forming  their  consti- 
tution for  a  State  government,  or  in  their  sovereign  capacity  as  an  independent 
State. 

5.  That  in  the  event  of  the  passage  of  any  act  of  Congress  conflicting  with 
the  principles  herein  expressed,  Missouri  will  be  found  in  hearty  co-operation 
■with  the  slave-holding  States,  in  such  measures  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  for 
our  mutual  protection  against  the  encroachments  of  Northern  fanaticism. 

6.  That  our  senators  in  Congress  be  instructed  and  our  representatives  be 
requested  to  act  in  conformity  to  the  foregoing  resolutions. 

The  resolutions  were  written  by  Hon.  William  B.  Napton, 
afterward  one  of  the  judges  of  the  supreme  court. 

The  scope  of  this  work  forbids  a  detailed  account  of  the  dis- 
cussion which  followed  the  introduction  of  these  resolutions  into 
the  General  Assembly,  as  well  as  the  names  of  the  many  distin- 
guished men  who  took  opposing  sides  upon  the  question  of  their 
adoption.  The  Jackson  resolutions  were  finally  adopted  after 
much  opposition,  particularly  in  the  Lower  House,  where  a  strong 
but  unsuccessful  attempt  was  made  to  modify  them. 

.  Perhaps  the  chief  object  in  the  introduction  and  passage  of 
the  resolutions  was  the  retirement  of  Senator  Thomas  H.  Benton. 
His  course  in  and  out  of  the  Senate  had  become  obnoxious  to 
many  of  the  Democratic  politicians  of  the  State,  who  determined 
to  get  rid  of  him.  They  knew  he  would  not  obey  the  instruc- 
tions contained  in  the  resolutions,  and  this  would  furnish  an 
excuse  for  a  refusal  to  return  him  for  another  term.  There  was 
much  excitement  throughout  the  State,  and  the  feeling  was  still 
farther  intensified  by  the  course  of  Senator  Benton,  who  appealed 
from  the  Legislature  to  the  people,  and  prosecuted  a  canvass 
against  the  resolutions,  denouncing  them  in  powerful  and  pas- 
sionate speeches,  as  tending  to  the  dismemberment  of  the  Union. 


82  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

He  declared  tliem  to  be  in  direct  contradiction  to  the  Missouri 
Compromise,  upon  which  depended  the  safety  and  harmony  of 
the  nation. 

That  Col.  Benton  was  right  in  his  position,  although,  perhaps, 
intemperate  in  its  defense,  is  perfectly  apparent  in  the  light  of 
subsequent  events;  but  his  crusade  against  the  "Jackson  Keso- 
lutions"  resulted  in  his  defeat  at  the  next  election,  when,  after 
thirty  years  of  loyal  service  toward  his  State  and  Nation,  he  was 
succeeded  in  1851  by  the  Whig  candidate,  Henry  S.  Geyer,  an 
eminent  lawyer  of  St.  Louis,  who  was  chosen  by  Democratic 
votes. 

ORGANIZATION    OF     KANSAS    AND    NEBRASKA. 

Missouri  was  admitted  as  a  slave  State  in  1820,  only  upon 
the  terms  of  the  Missouri  Compromise,  which  forever  prohibited 
involuntary  servitude  in  territory  north  of  36°  30',  now  consti- 
tuting Kansas,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Colorado,  Dakota,  "Wyoming, 
Montana,  Idaho  and  a  portion  of  Minnesota.  And  now  this  great 
domain  was  to  be  organized  into  territorial  governments.  Al- 
ready into  these  vast  regions  the  tide  of  immigration  was  pour- 
ing, and  it  became  necessary  to  provide  for  the  future.  In 
December,  1852,  Hon.  Willard  P.  Hall,  of  Missouri,  introduced 
a  bill  into  the  United  States  House  of  Representatives,  to  organ- 
ize the  Territory  of  Platte,  which  was  designed  to  embrace  the 
country  above  mentioned.  Having  been  referred  to  the  Com- 
mittee on  Territories,  that  committee,  in  February,  1853,  reported 
a  bill  to  establish  a  territorial  government  in  the  Territory  of 
Nebraska.  As  this  bill  did  not  contemplate  a  repeal  of  the  Mis- 
souri Compromise,  it  was  opposed  in  the  House  by  all  the  South- 
ern delegations.  The  only  senators  from  the  South  who  voted 
for  it  were  David  R.  Atchison  and  Henry  S.  Geyer,  of  Missouri. 
On  January  16,  1851,  when  the  subject  again  came  before  the 
Senate,  Senator  Dixon,  of  Kentucky,  gave  notice  that  whenever 
the  Nebraska  bill  should  be  called  up,  he  would  move  an  amend- 
ment to  the  effect  that  the  Missouri  Compromise,  drawing  the 
line  of  36°  30'  north  latitude,  and  forever  prohibiting  slav- 
ery or  involuntary  servitude  north  of  said  line,  should  not  be 
BO  construed  as  to  apply  to  the  Territory  contemplated  by  the  act, 
or  to  any  other  Territory  of  the  United   States ;  but  that  the  citi- 


HISTOKY    OF     MISSOUBI.  83 

zens  of  the  several  States  or  Territories  should  be  at  liberty  to 
take  and  hold  their  slaves  within  any  of  the  Territories  or  States 
to  be  founded  therefrom.  That  is  to  say,  in  plain  language,  that 
the  Missouri  Compromise  should  be  made  null  and  void.  The 
announcement  of  this  amendment  in  Congress  was  immediately 
followed  by  the  most  intense  excitement  throughout  the  country, 
Indeed,  the  introduction,  in  1848,  of  the  Wilmot  Proviso,  did  not 
rouse  the  people  in  a  greater  degree. 

On  January  23,  1854,  Senator  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  of  Illinois, 
reported  from  the  Committee  on  Territories  a  bill  which  pro- 
vided for  the  organization  of  the  region  of  country  embraced  by 
Mr.  Hall's  bill,  known  as  the  Platte  country,  from  the  Platte 
Hiver,  which  flows  through  it  into  two  Territories,  namely,  Kansas 
and  Nebraska.  As  Senator  Douglas'  bill  must  always  be  an  im- 
portant document  in  history,  we  transcribe  some  part  of  it. 

Sec.  21.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That,  in  order  to  avoid  misconstruction, 
it  is  hereby  declared  to  be  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  this  act,  so  far  as  the 
question  of  slavery  is  concerned,  to  carry  into  practical  operation  the  following 
propositions  and  principles,  established  by  the  compromise  measures  of  1850,  to 
wit : 

First.  That  all  questions  pertaining  to  slavery  in  the  Territories,  and  in  the 
new  States  to  be  formed  therefrom,  are  to  be  left  to  the  decision  of  the  people 
residing  therein,  through  their  appropriate  representatives. 

Second.  That  all  cases  involving  title  to  slaves  and  questions  of  personal  free- 
dom, are  referred  to  the  adjudication  of  the  local  tribunals,  with  the  right  of 
appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

Third.  That  the  provisions  of  the  constitution;and  laws  of  the  United  States, 
in  respect  to  fugitives  from  service,  are  to  be  carried  into  faithful  execution  in 
all  the  organized  Territories,  the  same  as  in  the  States. 

The  section  of  the  bill  which  prescribed  the  qualifications  and 
mode  of  election  of  a  delegate  to  Congress  from  each  of  the 
Territories  was  as  follows: 

Sbc.    2.  And  he  it  futher  enacted,  *  *  »  *  Thi-X. 

the  constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States,  wliich  are  not  locally  applicable, 
shall  have  the  same  force  and  effect  within  the  said  Territory  of  Kansas  as  else- 
where within  the  United  States,  except  the  eight  sections  of  the  act  preparatory 
to  the  admission  of  Missouri  into  the  Union,  approved  March  6,  1830,  which 
was  superseded  by  the  principles  of  the  legislation  of  1850,  commonly  called  the 
compromise  measures,  and  is  declared  inoperative. 

The  debate  which  ensued  upon  the  introduction  of  this  bill, 

known    as  the    "  Kansas-Nebraska  Bill,"    was    conducted   with 

great  ability,  and  lasted  several  weeks.     On  February  6  Hon.  S. 


84  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

P.  Chase,  a  senator  from  Ohio,  who  was  afterward  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  under  Lincoln's  administration,  and  finally  chief 
justice  of  the  United  States,  moved  to  strike  out  so  much  of  the 
bill  as  declared  the  Missoui'i  Compromise  "  superseded  "  by  the 
compromise  of  1850,  but  the  motion  was  defeated.  On  February 
15  Mr.  Douglas  moved  to  strike  out  the  clause  objected  to  by 
Mr.  Chase,  and  insert  the  following: 

"  Which  being  inconsistent  with  the  principle  of  non-interven- 
tion by  Congress  with  slavery  in  the  States  and  Territories,  as 
recognized  by  the  legislation  of  1850  (commonly  called  the  com- 
promise measures)  is  hereby  declared  inoperative  and  void;  it 
being  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  this  act  not  to  legislate 
slavery  into  any  Territory  or  State  nor  to  exclude  it  therefi-om, 
but  to  leave  the  people  thereof  perfectly  free  to  form  and  regulate 
their  domestic  institutions  in  their  own  way,  subject  only  to  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States." 

This  amendment  embodied  what  was  afterward  known  as  the 
doctrine  of  "squatter  sovereignty."  It  was  at  once  adopted  by 
the  Senate ;  but  Mr.  Chase  and  others,  not  having  full  confidence 
that  it  was  not  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  the  act  "  to 
legislate  slavery  into  any  Territory  or  State,"  moved  to  add,  after 
the  words  "  United  States,"  the  following: 

"  Under  which  the  people  of  the  Territories,  through  their 
appropriate  representatives,  may,  if  they  see  fit,  prohibit  the 
existence  of  slavery  therein." 

Mr.  Chase's  amendment  was  voted  down.  From  January  until 
May,  Mr.  Douglas'  report  was  debated  in  Congress.  By  the 
Kansas- Nebraska  bill  the  Missouri  Compromise  was  virtually 
repealed,  and  the  old  settlement  of  the  slavery  question  over- 
thrown at  a  single  blow.  All  the  bitter  sectional  animosities  of 
the  past  were  aroused  in  full  force.  The  bill  was  violently 
opposed  by  a  majority  of  the  representatives  from  the  East  and 
North;  but  the  minority,  uniting  with  the  congressmen  of  the 
South,  enabled  Douglas  to  carry  his  measure  through  Congi-ess, 
and  in  May,  1854,  the  bill  received  the  sanction  of  the  President. 

Kansas  itself  now  became  a  battlefield  for  the  contending 
parties;  whether  the  new  State  should  admit  slavery  or  not 
depended  upon  the  vote  of  the  people.     Both  factions  made   a 


HISTOKY    OF     MISSOURI.  85 

rush  for  the  Territory  in  order  to  secure  a  majority.  The  people 
of  Missoiiri  were  especially  interested  in  the  situation.  Appre- 
hensive that  Kansas  would  become  a  free  State,  and  that  Mis- 
souri would  in  the  future  occupy  the  position  of  a  slave-holding 
peninsula,  jutting  out  into  a  sea  of  free  soil,  with  Illinois  and 
Iowa  at  the  east  and  north,  and  Kansas  and  Nebraska  on  the 
west,  many  of  her  citizens,  especially  on  the  Kansas  border, 
became  seriously  alarmed  for  the  safety  of  their  slaves,  and  in 
the  excitement  of  the  conflict  were  induced  without  authority  of 
law  to  cross  over  into  Kansas,  and,  carrying  ballots  in  one  hand 
and  arms  in  the  other,  to  coerce  the  new  State  into  the  Union 
with  a  pro-slavery  constitution. 

Meanwhile  the  Northern  States  were  not  idle.  Massachu- 
setts had  chartered  a  wealthy  corporation,  called  the  Emigrant 
Aid  Company;  Connecticut  followed  soon  after  with  a  similar 
company.  The  New  York  Tribune,  edited  by  Horace  Greeley, 
opened  a  Kansas  contribution,  and  aid  societies  sprang  into 
activity  at  hundreds  of  points  in  the  Northwest.  Thus  stimulated, 
the  people  of  the  fi-ee  States  flocked  to  Kansas  in  such  numbers 
that  in  a  few  months  they  constituted  a  decided  majority  of  the 
actual  settlers.  The  Missourians  with  force  and  arms  attempted 
to  carry  out  their  measures,  and  prevent  Northern  and  Eastern 
settlers  from  passing  through  their  State,  but  the  emigrants  then 
wound  around  through  Iowa,  thus  circumventing  their  plans. 
The  struggle  between  the  hostile  parties  in  Kansas  and  on  the 
Missouri  border  resulted  in  a  series  of  desultory  but  bloody 
encounters,  some  of  which  assumed  the  proportions  of  battles. 
Large  and  fiercely  excited  public  meetings  were  held  in  Missouri, 
and  at  times  in  some  localities  a  reign  of  intolerance  and  pro- 
scription prevailed.  This  was  intensified  in  that  portion  of  the 
State  bordering  on  Kansas. 

An  election  held  in  the  new  State  in  November  of  1854 
resulted  in  the  choice  of  a  pro-slavery  delegate  to  Congress,  and, 
in  the  general  territorial  election  of  the  following  year,  the  same 
party  was  triumphant.  The  State  Legislature  thus  chosen 
assembled  at  Lecompton,  organized  the  government,  and  framed 
a  constitution  permitting  slavery.  The  Free  Soil  party  declar- 
ing the  general  election  to  have  been  illegal,  on  account  of  fraud- 


86  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

ulent  voting,  assembled  in  convention  at  Topeka,  September  25, 

1855,  framed  a  constitution  excluding  slavery,  and  oi-ganized  a 
rival  government.     Civil  war  broke    out  between  the   factions. 

From  the  autumn  of  1855  until  the  following  summer  the 
Territory  was  the  scene  of  constant  turmoil  and  violence.  The 
people  of  the  Noi'th  held  meetings  to  enlist  additional  settlers, 
cash  poured  into  the  Tribune  fund,  and  food,  clothing,  seeds, 
arms  and  money  were  sent  in  quantities  to  the  Free  Soil  settlers. 

On  September  8,  1856,  John  "W.  Geary,  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
appointed  governor.  He  issued  a  proclamation  of  peace,  and 
promised  the  settlers  protection  in  their  persons,  pui'suits 
and  property.  They  therefore  laid  down  their  arms.  This 
was  no  sooner  done  than  an  army  from  the  Southern  States 
attacked  Lawrence,  which  had  before  been  the  scene  of  much 
violence;  but  Gov.  Geary,  calling  out  the  United  States  troops, 
finally  induced  the  invaders  to  retire.  On  January  26,  1857,  the 
free  legislature  met  at  Topeka,  but  was  dispersed  by  the  United 
States  marshal,  who  captured  several  members  and  threw  them 
into  jail  at  Tecumseh.  The  pro-slavery  people  now  met  in  legis- 
lature at  Lecompton  and  adopted  a  resolution  calling  a  convention 
to  fi'ame  another  State  constitution. 

Gov.  Geary  resigned  because  the  pro-slavery  United  States 
Senate  refused  to  uphold  some  of  his  measures,  and  Robert  J. 
Walker,  of  Mississippi,  was  appointed  to  succeed  him.  Gov. 
Walker  guaranteed  protection  to  the  settlers  on  election  day,  re- 
jected fraudulent  returns,  condemned  both  the  Lecompton  consti- 
tution and  the  methods  of  promiilgation,  and  started  for  Wash- 
ington to  prevent  Congress  from  accepting  it.  The  President 
had  officially  signed  the  instrument  before  the  arrival  of  Gov. 
Walker,  and  the  latter  promptly  resigned.  J.  W.  Denver  of  Cal- 
ifornia was  appointed  to  succeed  him. 

An  election  was  held  for  the  rejection  or  adoption  of  the 
pro-slavery  clauses  of  the  Lecompton  constitution,  December  21, 

1856.  The  Free-State  men  did  not  go  to  the  polls,  and  the  fraud- 
ulent instrument  was  therefore  adopted  by  a  vote  of  6,143  to  569. 
The  pro-slavery  legislature  ordered  a  vote  for  State  officers  under 
the  Lecompton  constitution,  January  4,  1858.  The  settlers' 
legislature  then  submitted  that  constitution   to  the  people,  as  a 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI.  87 

■whole,  to  be  accepted  or  rejected,  this  election  also  to  take  place 
on  January  4,  1858.  It  was  rejected  by  a  majority  of  10,226. 
Congress,  after  a  long  discussion,  again  sent  the  Lecompton  con- 
stitution to  a  vote  of  the  people,  and  again  it  was  rejected  by  a 
majority  of  10,000  votes,  on  August  3,  1858.  Gov.  Denver  then 
resigned,  and  Samuel  Medary,  of  Ohio,  succeeded  him. 

The  settlers'  legislature  submitted  another  constitution,  which 
was  adopted.  Some  portions  of  it  proving  unsatisfactory,  another 
convention  was  called,  and  at  last  the  new  constitution,  forever 
prohibiting  slavery,  was  promulgated  at  Wyandotte,  July  4,  1859, 
and  was  adopted  in  October  by  a  4,000  majority.  On  December 
6,  1859,  a  State  election  was  held  under  the  new  constitution,  and 
Charles  Robinson,  who  had  been  chosen  governor  under  the  first 
Topeka  constitution,  in  1856,  was  once  more  elected  to  that  office. 
January  29,  1861,  Kansas  came  into  the  Union  as  a  fi-ee  State, 
and  ultimately  Nebraska  was  admitted  upon  the  same  conditions. 

Tlie  facts  thus  briefly  stated  constitute  the  civil  history  of  the 
struggle  in  Kansas.  A  fratricidal  war  raged  over  her  rich  plains 
for  three  years.  Bloodshed,  robbery,  devastation  and  fire  spread 
like  a  pestilence  through  her  humble  settlements,  and  but  a  faint 
shadow  of  the  fearful  events  of  that  period  is  cast  upon  these 
pages. 

In  the  final  adjustment  of  these  questions  in  Congress, 
Stephen  A.  Douglas,  of  Illinois,  and  James  S.  Green,  of  Missoiu'i, 
played  a  prominent  part.  Senator  Green  opposed  the  views  of 
Mr.  Douglas,  and,  as  the  acknowledged  leader  of  the  pro-slavery 
party,  maintained  his  ground  with  rare  ability  and  eloquence. 
Coming  into  the  Senate,  in  1857,  during  the  discussion  of  the 
question  of  the  admission  of  Kansas  under  the  Lecompton  con- 
stitution, he  supported  the  policy  of  the  administration  in 
speeches  distinguished  not  only  by  perspicuity  of  style,  but  by 
powers  of  argument  which  called  forth  commendations,  even 
from  those  who  did  not  share  his  convictions. 

"THE  DEED  SCOTT  DECISION." 

A  few  days  after  the  inauguration  of  President  Buchanan 
(1857),  the  Supreme  court  of  the  United  States  delivered  the 
celebrated  opinion  known  in  American  history  as^"TheDred 
Scott  Decision." 


88  HISTOKY    OF     MISSOURI. 

Dred  Scott  was  a  uegro  slave  belongiiag  to  Dr.  Emerson,  who 
was  a  surgeon  in  the  army  of  the  United  States.  In  1834  Dr. 
Emerson  took  Scott  from  the  State  of  Missoui'i  to  the  military 
post  at  Kock  Island,  111.,  and  held  him  there  as  a  slave  until 
April  or  May,  183G.  At  the  time  last  mentioned,  Dr.  Emerson 
removed  Scott  to  Eort  Snelling,  Minn.,  and  there  held  him 
until  1838.  At  the  latter  place  Scott  was  married  to  a  colored 
woman  who  had  been  taken  to  Fort  Snelling  by  her  master  in 
1835,  and  had  been  subsequently  sold  there  to  Dr.  Emerson.  Two 
children  were  born  of  this  marriage,  and  then  the  whole  family 
were  taken  back  to  St.  Louis  and  sold.  Dred  thereupon  brought 
a  complaint  of  assault  and  battery  against  John  F.  A.  Sandford, 
•the  purchaser  of  himself,  his  wife  and  children,  which  was  tried 
in  the  United  States  Circuit  court  for  the  District  of  Missouri. 

Before  beginning  this  suit  Scott  had  brought  another  in  the 
State  courts  of  Missouri  for  his  freedom,  on  the  ground  that  hav- 
ing been  a  resident  of  a  free  State  and  a  free  Territory,  he 
thereby  relieved  himself  from  the  chains  of  bondage  and  became 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States.  The  inferior  court  gave  judg- 
ment in  his  favor,  but  on  a  writ  of  error  to  the  Supreme  court  of 
the  State  the  judgment  was  reversed  and  the  case  remanded  for 
a  new  trial.  By  consent  this  action  was  continued  to  await  de- 
cision on  the  suit  for  assault  and  battery  against  Sandford, 
brought  in  the  Federal  court. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  trial  Scott's  attorney  asked  the  court 
to  charge  the  jury,  on  the  agreed  statement  of  facts,  to  find  for 
the  plaintiff.  This  was  refused,  and  the  jury  being  instructed 
that  the  law  was  with  the  defendant,  was  ordered  so  to  find. 
The  verdict  accordingly  was  that  the  plaintiff,  his  wife  and  chil- 
dren were  slaves,  as  alleged  by  Sandford,  and  that  therefore  they 
had  no  rights  in  the  court,  and  no  redress  against  their  master 
for  personal  violence. 

Scott's  attorney  filed  a  bill  of  exception  to  the  charge  of  the 
court,  and  thereupon  carried  the  case  by  writ  of  error  to  the 
United  States  Supreme  court.  After  a  delay  of  nearly  three  years 
a  decision  was  finally  reached  in  March,  1857.  Chief  Justice 
Taney,  speaking  for  the  court,  decided  that  negroes,  whether 
free  or  slave,  were  not  citizens  of  the  United   States,  and  that 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  89 

they  could  not  become  such  by  any  process  known  to  the  con- 
stitution; that  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States  a  negro  could 
neither  sue  nor  be  sued,  and  that  therefore  the  court  had  no  juris- 
diction of  Dred  Scott's  cause ;  that  a  slave  was  to  be  regarded  in 
the  light  of  a  personal  chattel,  and  that  he  might  be  removed 
from  place  to  place  by  his  owner  as  any  other  piece  of  property ; 
that  the  constitution  gave  to  every  slave  holder  the  right  of 
removing  to  or  through  any  State  or  Territory  with  his  slaves, 
and  of  returning  with  them,  at  will,  to  a  State  where  slavery  was 
recognized  by  law ;  and  that  therefore  the  Missouri  Compromise  of 
1820,  as  well  as  the  compromise  measures  of  1850,  was  uncon- 
stitutional and  void.  In  these  opinions  six  of  the  associate 
justices  of  the  Supreme  bench — Wayne,  Nelson,  Grier,  Daniel, 
Campbell  and  Catron — concurred;  while  two  associates — Judges 
McLean  and  Curtis — dissented.  The  decision  of  the  majority, 
which  was  accepted  as  the  opinion  of  the  court,  gave  great  satis- 
faction to  the  ultra  slave-holding  people  of  the  South.  Observ- 
ing that  the  control  of  Congress  and  the  Government  was  slowly 
passing  out  of  their  hands  by  the  tremendous  expansion  of  the 
North,  and  the  growth  of  the  spirit  of  freedom,  they  hoped, 
before  it  was  too  late,  to  so  wall  in  and  hedge  about  their  pecul  - 
iar  institution,  that  future  Congresses  would  be  unable  and 
would  not  dare  attempt  to  reach  it  by  legislative  enactments. 

At  the  North,  on  the  contrary,  the  decision  excited  thousands 
of  indignant  comments,  and  much  bitter  opposition.  This  indig- 
nation could  not  be  expended  in  mere  words,  but  crystallized  into 
a  well-grounded  determination  to  resist  in  the  free  States  the 
enforcement  of  the  laws  of  the  slave  States  which  contravened  or 
were  repugnant  to  their  own. 

EVENTS  PRECEDING  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

The  presidential  campaign  of  1860  must  ever  be  regarded  as 
one  of  the  most  important  in  the  history  of  the  republic,  as  the 
canvass  of  that  year  was  one  of  the  most  exciting.  Four  candi- 
dates were  in  the  field.  The  Republican  jiarty  nominated  Abra- 
ham Lincoln,  on  a  platform  in  which  opposition  to  the  further 
extension  of  slavery  was  declared  to  be  the  vital  issue.  The  Dem- 
ocratic  convention,    assembled    at    Charleston,    divided    on  the 


90  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

question  of  slavery  in  the  Territories,  and,  after  a  long  and 
stormy  session,  the  party  was  disrupted,  and  the  "Southern 
Bights "  delegates  withdrew  fi'om  the  convention.  They  met 
first  at  Eichmond  and  afterward  at  Baltimore,  where  they  nomi- 
nated for  president  John  C.  Breckinridge,  of  Kentucky.  The 
squatter  sovereignty  Democrats  nominated  Stejshen  *A.  Douglas 
— the  apostle  of  popular  sovereignty.  Still  another — the  "Ameri- 
can" party,  or  Constitutional  Unionists — chose  John  Bell,  of 
Tennessee,  as  their  candidate. 

The  contest  resulted  in  the  election  of  Mr.  Lincoln.  The 
leaders  of  the  South  had  declared  that  his  election  would  be  con- 
sidered as  a  just  cause  for  the  dissolution  of  the  Union.  The 
Government  was  under  the  control  of  the  Douglas  Democrats, 
but  a  majority  of  the  cabinet  and  a  large  number  of  members  of 
Congress  in  both  Houses  wei-e  supporters  of  Mr.  Breckinridge, 
and  the  advocates  of  disunion.  It  was  now  evident  that  under 
the  new  administration  all  the  departments  of  the  Govern- 
ment must  pass  into  the  power  of  the  Kepublican  party.  Dis- 
union was  now  possible,  but  the  opportunity  would  shortly  be 
past.  The  attitude  of  President  Buchanan  favored  the  measure. 
He  was  not  himself  a  disunionist,  but  he  did  not  consider  that  he 
had  the  constitutional  right  to  coerce  a  sovereign  State.  The 
interval,  therefore,  between  the  presidential  election  of  November, 
1860,  and  the  inauguration  of  the  following  March  was  improved 
to  its  full  extent  by  the  political  leaders  of  the  South. 

SECESSION. 

On  the  17th  of  December,  1860,  a  convention  assembled  at 
Charleston,  S.  C,  passed  a  resolution  declaring  that  the  union 
hitherto  existing  between  that  State  and  others,  under  the 
name  of  the  United  States  of  America,  was  dissolved.  The 
cotton-growing  States  were  almost  unanimous  in  support  of  the 
measure.  By  the  1st  of  February,  1861,  six  other  States  — 
Mississippi,  Florida,  Alabama,  Georgia,  Louisiana  and  Texas  — 
had  withdrawn  fi-om  the  Union.  Nearly  all  the  senators  and 
representatives  of  those  States  resigned  their  seats  in  Congress, 
and  joined  the  disunion  cause. 

In  the  secession  conventions  there  was  little  opposition  to  the 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  91 

movement,  although  iu  some  instances  a  large  minoi'ity  vote  was 
cast.  A  few  of  the  speakers  denounced  disunion  as  wrong  in 
principle  and  tending  to  certain  ruin.  Alexander  H.  Stevens, 
afterward  vice-president  of  the  Confederate  States,  while  advo- 
cating the  doctrine  of  State  sovereignty  and  the  right  of  seces- 
sion, spoke"  against  the  latter  as  a  practical  measure  on  the 
ground  that  it  was  impolitic  and  disastrous.  Not  a  few  promi- 
nent men  at  the  South  held  similar  views,  and  yet  were  governed 
by  the  opinion  of  the  majority. 

On  the  -ith  day  of  February,  1861,  delegates  from  six  of  the 
seceded  States  met  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  and  formed  a  new 
government  under  the  name  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America. 
On  the  8th  of  the  same  month,  the  government  was  organized  by 
the  election  of  Jefferson  Davis,  of  Mississippi,  as  provisional 
president,  and  Alexander  H.  Stevens  as  vice-president. 

In  1850  when  the  representatives  of  the  slaveholders  de- 
clared in  Congress,  that,  unless  California  should  be  admitted  as 
a  slave  State,  they  would  break  up  the  Union,  albeit  they  would 
doit  "  calmly  and  peaceably,"  Daniel  Webster  arose  in  his  maj- 
esty and  uttered  this  remarkable  and  prophetic  warning :  — 

"I  hear  with  pain,  anguish  and  distress  the  words  secession; 
peaceable  secession!  Sir,  your  eyes  and  mine  are  never  destined 
to  see  that  miracle — the  dismemberment  of  this  vast  country — 
without  convulsion!  The  breaking  up  of  the  fountains  of  the 
great  deep  without  ruffling  the  surface!  Who  is  so  foolish  as 
to  expect  to  see  such  a  thing  ?  Sir,  he  who  sees  these  States  now 
revolving  in  harmony  around  a  common  center,  and  expects  to 
see  them  quit  their  places  and  fly  off  without  convulsion,  may 
look  the  next  hour  to  see  the  heavenly  bodies  rush  from  their 
spheres  and  jostle  against  each  other  in  realms  of  space,  without 
producing  the  crash  of  the  universe.  There  can  he  no  such 
thing  as  peaceable  secession.  Peaceable  secession  is  an  utter 
impossibility.  Is  the  great  constitution  under  which  we  live 
here,  covering  the  whole  country,  is  it  to  be  thawed  and  melted 
away  by  secession,  as  the  snows  of  the  mountains  melt  under  the 
influence  of  the  vernal  sun,  disappear  almost  unobserved  and  die 
off?  No  sir!  No  sir!  I  see  it  as  plainly  as  I  see  the  sun  in 
heaven.  I  see  disriiplion  must  produce  such  a  war  as  I  will  not 
describe  in  its  two-fold  character.'''' 


92  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

THE    BEGINNING    OF    HOSTILITIES. 

The  American  nation  seemed  on  the  verge  of  ruin.  The 
Government  was  for  the  time  being  paralyzed.  The  army  was 
stationed  in  scattered  detachments  on  remote  frontiers.  The  fleet 
was  dispersed  in  distant  seas.  President  Buchanan  was  distracted 
with  hesitancy  and  the  contradictory  counsels  of  his  friends. 
With  the  exception  of  Forts  Sumter  and  .Moultrie  in  Charleston 
Harbor,  Fort  Pickens  near  Pensacola,  and  Fortress  Monroe  in  the 
Chesapeake,  all  the  important  posts  in  the  seceded  States  had 
been  seized  and  occupied  by  the  Confederates,  even  before  the 
organization  of  their  government. 

In  vain  had  Gen.  Scott,  lieutenant-general  of  the  United 
States  army,  observing  the  energy  of  the  Secessionists,  repeatedly 
urged  upon  the  President  that  strong  garrisons  be  sent  to  the 
imperiled  fortresses,  some  of  which  were  indifferently  occupied 
and  some  not  at  all.  Scott  was  not  allowed  to  do  anything  to  save 
the  United  States  forts,  or  even  to  send  a  warning  to  the  hand- 
fuls  of  soldiers  who  garrisoned  them,  until  it  was  too  late  to  avail. 
Early  in  January,  1861,  the  President  made  a  feeble  effort  to  re- 
inforce and  provision  the  garrison  at  Fort  Sumter.  The  steamer 
"  Star  of  theWest "  was  sent  with  men  and  supplies,  but  upon  ap- 
proaching Charleston  harbor  it  was  fired  upon  by  a  Confed- 
erate battery,  and  was  obliged  to  return  without  performing  its 
mission. 

In  March  Abraham  Lincoln  was  inaugurated  as  President 
of  the  United  States,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office. 
"William  H.  Seward,  of  New  York,  was  chosen  Secretary  of 
State;  Salmon  P.  Chase,  of  Ohio,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury; 
Simon  Cameron,  of  Pennsylvania,  Secretary  of  War,  succeeded 
in  the  following  January  by  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  and  Gideon 
Welles,  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  Lincoln  declared,  both  in  his 
inaugural  address  and  in  his  early  official  papers,  that  the 
efforts  of  the  new  administration  would  be  directed  to  the  re- 
covery of  the  forts,  arsenals  and  other  public  property  which  had 
been  seized  by  the  Confederate  authorities,  and  it  was  with  this 
intention  that  the  first  military  preparations  were  made.  With 
the  second  attempt  of  the  Government  to  reinforce  Fort  Sumter 
came  the  actual  beginning  of  hostilities. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  93 

The  defenses  of  Charleston  Harbor  were  held  by  Maj.  Eob- 
ert  Anderson  with  only  seventy-nine  men.  He  had  deemed  it 
prudent  to  evacuate  Fort  Moultrie  and  retire  to  Sumter,  which 
was  situated  on  an  island  in  front  of  the  city  but  at  some  dis- 
tance. That  occupancy  having  been  decided  to  be  "a  menace 
to  the  free  people  of  the  State,"  Fort  Sumter  was  attacked  by 
Gen.  Beauregard,  April  12,  1861,  on  the  order  of  George  W. 
Randolph,  secretary  of  war  for  the  Confederacy.  On  the  14th, 
Maj.  Anderson  and  his  gallant  little  band  were  forced  to  sur- 
render, and  thus  were  the  fountains  of  the  great  deep  broken  up, 
deluging  the  South  in  blood,  and  turning  her  smiling  fields  to 
desolation. 

On  the  15th  of  April,  Lincoln  issued  a  proclamation  declar- 
ing the  South  to  be  in  a  state  of  rebellion,  and  calling  for  75,000 
militia  "  to  repossess  the  forts,  places  and  property  seized  from 
the  Union."  He  also  summoned  both  Houses  of  Congress  to 
assemble  in  extraordinary  session  on  July  4,  1861. 

The  War  of  the  Bebellion  now  began  in  earnest.  With  the 
firing  on  Fort  Sumter  a  radical  change  took  place  in  the  senti- 
ments of  a  large  portion  of  the  Democracy  of  the  North.  Every 
free  State,  and  the  slave  States  of  Delaware  and  Maryland, 
pledged  men  and  troops  to  suppress  the  Rebellion,  and  such 
Democratic  leaders  as  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  Matthew  H.  Carpen- 
ter, Daniel  S.  Dickinson,  John  J.  Crittenden  and  Benjamin  F. 
Butler  announced  their  hearty  support  of  the  President.  Jef- 
ferson Davis  also  issued  a  proclamation,  two  days  later  than  that 
of  Lincoln,  calling  upon  the  "good  people  of  the  Confederacy" 
to  rally  and  drive  out  "the  invaders."  On  the  same  day  Vir- 
ginia seceded  from  the  Union;  on  May  6  Ai'kansas  followed 
her  example,  and  then  North  Carolina  on  the  20th  of  the  same 
month.  In  Tennesseee,  specially  East  Tennessee,  there  was  a 
strong  opposition  to  disunion,  and  it  was  not  until  the  8th  of 
June  that  a  secession  ordinance  could  be  passed.  The  people  of 
Maryland  were  divided  in  their  opinions,  biit  the  disunion  senti- 
ment prevailed  largely.  In  Missouri,  as  will  presently  be  seen, 
the  movement  resulted  in  civil  war,  while  in  Kentucky  the 
authorities  issued  a  proclamation  of  neutrality. 

On  the  19th  of  April   some  Massachusetts  regiments,   pass- 


94  HISTORY    OF    MISSOUEI. 

ing  throngh  Baltimore  on  their  way  to  Washington,  were 
attacked  by  the  citizens  with  stones  and  fire-arms,  and  three 
men  were  killed.  This  was  the  first  bloodshed  of  the  war.  On 
the  preceding  day  a  body  of  Confederate  soldiers  advanced  on 
the  armory  of  the  United  States  at  Harper^  Ferry.  The  officer 
in  charge  destroyed  a  portion  of  the  vast  stores  coUecte  d  there, 
and  then  escaped  into  Pennsylvania.  On  the  20th  of  the  month, 
another  company  of  Virginians  attacked  the  great  navy  yard  at 
Norfolk.  The  Federal  officers  commanding  fired  the  buildings. 
Bank  the  vessels,  spiked  the  guns,  and  withdrew  their  forces. 
Most  of  the  cannons  and  many  of  the  vessels  were  afterward 
recovered  by  the  Confederates,  the  property  thus  captured 
amounting  to  fully  810,000,000. 

The  Southern  forces  poured  into  Virginia  in  such  numbers 
that  for  a  time  the  city  of  Washington  seemed  in  danger.  May 
3  the  President  called  for  83,000  more  soldiers,  whose  term  of 
enlistment  should  be  for  three  years,  or  during  the  continuation 
of  the  war.  Lieut. -Gen.  Winfield  Scott  was  made  comman- 
der-in-chief of  the  United  States  forces.  As  many  war  ships 
as  could  be  mustered  were  sent  to  blockade  the  Southern  harbors. 
In  the  seceded  States,  also,  there  were  tireless  preparation  and 
activity.  Richmond  was  chosen  as  the  capital  of  the  Confeder- 
acy. Mr.  Davis  and  the  officers  of  his  cabinet  had  already  re- 
paired thither,  for  the  purpose  of  directing  the  affairs  of  the 
government  and  the  army.  So  stood  the  opposing  powers  in  the 
beginning  of  the  summer  of  1861. 

It  was  now  evident  that  a  great  war,  perhaps  the  greatest  in 
modern  times,  was  about  to  break  over  the  American  nation. 

Having  thus  outlined  the  causes  of  the  war,  and  the  breaking 
out  of  actual  hostilities,  let  us  turn  to  our  own  State  and  see  what 
part  she  bore  in  the  mighty  conflict. 

THE  ATTITUDE  OF  MISSOUEI. 
The  people  of  Missouri  had  been,  as  we  have  seen,  deeply  in- 
volved in  the  agitation  caiised  by  the  territorial  questions  con- 
nected with  the  subject  of  slavery.  Moreover,  the  State  was 
largely  populated  by  emigrants  from  Kentucky,  Virginia  and 
other  Southern  States,   or  by  their  descendants,   and  naturally 


t 


y 


HISTOEY    OF    MISSOURI.  95 

there  was  a  widespread  sympathy  with  the  secession  movement. 
Nevertheless  there  was  much  intelligent  conservatism  among  the 
people,  and  they  were  not,  in  the  language  of  Gov.  Stewart's  last 
message,  to  be  frightened  from  their  property  by  the  past  un- 
friendly legislation  of  the  North,  or  dragooned  into  secession  by 
the  restrictive  legislation  of  the  extreme  South. 

The  General  Assembly  met  in  Jefferson  City  on  December  31, 
1860,  under  peculiarly  embarrassing  circumstances.  Ten  days 
before  it  convened  South  Carolina  had  passed  an  ordinance  of 
secession,  and  before  the  20th  of  January  four  other  Southern 
States  had  followed  her  example.  Besides  this,  the  preceding 
national  and  State  canvass  had  resulted  in  returning  to  the  State 
Legislature  representatives  of  each  of  the  four  political  parties 
into  which  the  people  were  divided.  There  were,  in  each  branch 
of  the  General  Assembly,  Breckinridge  Democrats,  Douglas 
Democrats,  Union  or  Bell-EA'ei'ett  men,  and  Republicans,  and  in 
neither  Senate  nor  House  was  any  one  of  these  parties  domi- 
nant. January  4,  1861,  Claiborne  F.  Jackson,  author  of  the 
famous  "  Jackson  Resolution,"  was  inaugurated  as  governor, 
having  been  elected  by  the  Douglas  Democrats.  While  Gov. 
Stewart's  farewell  message  concluded  with  an  eloquent  appeal  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  Union,  as  he  depicted  the  inevitable  ruin 
and  bloodshed  that  must  attend  secession.  Gov.  Jackson's  inaugu- 
ral insisted  that  the  interests  of  all  the  slave-holding  States  were 
identical ;  that  in  case  the  Union  were  really  divided,  it  would  be 
the  duty  and  privilege  of  Missouri  to  stand  by  the  South;  that 
the  State  was  in  favor  of  remaining  in  the  Union  as  long  as  there 
was  any  hope  of  maintaining  the  guarantees  of  the  constitution, 
but  that,  in  any  event,  he  was  utterly  opposed  to  coercion. 

Believing  that  Missouri  was  entitled  to  a  voice  in  the  settle- 
ment of  the  questions  then  pending  in  the  country,  he  recom- 
mended the  immediate  call  of  a  State  convention,  that  the  will  of 
the  people  might  be  ascertained.  Such  a  convention  was  called 
by  Gov.  Jackson,  in  accordance  with  an  act  of  the  Legislature, 
and  met  at  Jefferson  City,  February  28,  1861.  Each  senatorial 
district  sent  to  this  convention  three  times  as  many  delegates  as 
the  number  of  members  in  the  State  Senate  to  which  said  district 
was  entitled.     In  all  ninety-nine  members  were  present,  and  the 


96  HISTOKY    OF     MISSOUEI. 

convention  was  permanently  organized  by  the  election  of  the  fol- 
lowing officers:  Sterling  Price,  of  Chariton  County,  president 
(he  was  then  regarded  as  a  decided  Union  man) ;  Kobert  Wilson, 
of  Andrew  County,  vice-president;  Samuel  A.  Lowe,  of  Pettis, 
secretary;  Kobert  A.  Campbell,  of  St.  Louis,  assistant  secretary; 
0.  P.  Anderson,  of  Moniteau,  door-keeper;  B.  W.  Grover,  ser- 
geant-at-arms. 

On  March  9,  during  an  adjourned  meeting  at  St.  Louis,  Mr. 
Gamble,  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Federal  Eelations,  re- 
ported from  the  majority  of  that  committee  a  list  of  resolutions, 
which,  after  some  amendments  were  adopted  by  the  convention, 
which  thus  refused  to  pass  the  ordinance  of  secession. 

The  amended  resolutions  are  as  follows: 

1.  Resolved,  That  at  present  there  is  no  adequate  cause  to  impel  Missouri  to 
dissolve  her  connection  with  the  Federal  Union,  hut  on  the  contrary,  she  will 
labor  for  such  an  adjustment  of  existing  troubles  as  will  secure  the  peace,  as  well 
as  the  rights  and  equality  of  all  the  States. 

2.  Resohed,  That  the  people  of  this  State  are  devotedly  attached  to  the  insti- 
tutions of  our  country,  and  earnestly  desire  that  by  a  fair  and  amicable  adjust- 
ment all  the  causes  of  disagreement  that  at  present  unfortunately  distract  us  as 
a  people,  may  be  removed,  to  the  end  that  our  Union  may  be  preserved  and  per- 
petuated, and  peace  and  harmony  be  restored  between  the  North  and  South. 

3.  Resohed,  That  the  people  of  this  State  deem  the  amendments  to  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  Slates,  proposed  by  the  Hon.  John  J.  Crittenden,  of  Ken- 
tucky, with  the  extension  of  the  same  to  the  territory  hereafter  to  be  acquired 
by  treaty,  or  otherwise,  a  basis  of  adjustment  which  will  successfully  remove 
the  causes  of  diilerence  forever  from  the  arena  of  national  politics. 

4.  Resolved,  That  the  people  of  Missouri  believe  the  peace  and  quiet  of  the 
country  will  bei  romoted  by  a  convention  to  propose  amendments  to  the  Consti- 
tution of  the  United  States,  and  this  convention  therefore  urges  the  Legislature 
of  this  State  and  the  other  States  to  take  the  proper  steps  for  calling  such  a  con- 
vention in  pursuance  of  the  fifth  article  of  the  constitution  :  and  by  providing 
by  law  for  an  election  by  the  people  of  such  number  of  delegates  as  are  to  be 
sent  to  such  convention. 

5.  Resohed,  That  in  the  opinion  of  this  convention,  the  employment  of  mili- 
tary force  by  the  Federal  Government  to  coerce  the  submission  of  the  seceding 
States,  or  the  employment  of  military  force  by  the  seceding  States  to  assail  the 
Government  of  the  United  States,  will  inevitably  plunge  this  country  into  civil 
war,  and  thereby  entirely  extinguish  the  hope  of  an  amicable  settlement  of  the 
fearful  issues  now  pending  before  the  country  ;  we  therefore  earnestly  entreat, 
as  well  the  Federal  Government  as  the  seceding  States,  to  withhold  and  stay  the 
arm  of  military  power,  and  on  no  pretense  whatever  bring  upon  the  nation  the 
horrors  of  civil  war.  And  in  order  to  the  restoration  of  harmony  and  fraternal 
feeling  between  the  different  sections  we  would  recommend  the  policy  of  with- 
drawing the  Federal  troops  from  the  forts  within  the  borders  of  the  seceding 
States,  when  there  is  danger  of  collision  between  the  State  and  Federal  troops. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI.  97 

The  sixth  and  seventh  resolutions  we  omit  because  they  have 
no  reference  to  war  questions.  Two  of  the  resolutions  will  at- 
tract the  attention  of  every  intelligent  reader:  the  first,  contain- 
ing the  explicit  declaration  that  there  was  no  adequate  cause  to 
impel  Missouri  to  dissolve  her  connection  with  the  Federal  Union ; 
and  the  fifth  wherein  the  convention  took  uncompromising  ground 
against  the  employment  of  military  force  by  either  the  seced- 
ing States  or  the  nation. 

It  was  with  the  earnest  and  patriotic  purpose  of  averting  civil 
war  that  the  Union  men  of  Missouri,  Kentucky,  Tennessee  and 
other  slave  States  entreated  the  Federal  Government  not  to  resort 
to  military  force,  but  after  the  firing  upon  Fort  Sumter  and 
other  violent  and  unmistakably  rebellious  acts,  these  patriots  as- 
sumed more  extreme  views. 

GOV.    JACKSON    AND  THE  MISSOUBI  LEGISLATURE. 

Upon  President  Lincoln's  call  for  75,000  men,  Simon  Cam- 
eron, Secretary  of  War,  issued  a  telegram  to  all  of  the  loyal  and 
doubtful  States,  requesting  each  of  them  to  detail  from  the  mili- 
tia of  the  State  a  certain  number  of  men,  as  infantry  or  riflemen, 
for  a  period  of  three  months. 

Missouri's  quota  was  fixed  at  four  regiments,  which  Gov. 
Jackson  was  requested  to  furnish.     The  following  was  his  reply : 

Executive  Department  of  Missodei,         ( 
Jefferson  City,  April  17,  1861.  f 
To  the  Hon.  Simon   Cameron,  Secretary  of  War,  Washington,  D.  C, 

Sir: — Tour  dispatch  of  the  15th  inst.,  maliing  a  call  on  Missouri  for  four 
regiments  of  men  for  immediate  service  has  been  received.  There  can  be,  I 
apprehend,  no  doubt  but  these  men  are  intended  to  form  a  part  of  the  Presi- 
dent's army  to  make  war  upon  the  people  of  the  seceded  States.  Your  requisi- 
tion, in  my  judgment,  is  illegal,  unconstitutional  and  revolutionary  in  its 
objects,  inhuman  and  diabolical,  and  cannot  be  complied  with.  Not  one  man 
will  the  State  of  Missouri  furnish  to  carry  on  such  an  unholy  crusade. 

C.  F.   Jackson, 
Oovernor  of  Missouri. 

Pursuant  to  a  proclamation  of  Gov.  Jackson,  the  State  Legis- 
lature convened  in  extra  session  May  2,  1861.  In  his  mes- 
sage to  that  body,  the  Governor  reiterated  the  declaration 
that  the  interests  and  sympathies  of  Missouri  were  identical 
with  those  of  the  slave-holding  States,  and  recommended  the  pol- 
icy of  arming  the  people  and  placing  the  State  in  an  attitude  of 
defence. 


98  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

The  Legislature  responded  by  passing  several  important 
measures,  among  which  were  the  following:  To  authorize  coun- 
ties to  loan  money,  not  exceeding  §30,000  each,  to  the  State ;  to 
authorize  the  Banks  of  Missouri  to  issue  $1,  $2,  and  $3  notes  to 
the  amount  of  SI, 500,000,  instead  of  the  same  amount  of  larger 
notes;  to  authorize  the  Governor  to  purchase  or  lease  David  Ball- 
entine's  foundry  at  Boonville  for  the  manufacture  of  arms  and 
the  munitions  of  war;  to  authorize  the  Governor  to  appoint  one 
major-general,  who,  in  time  of  insurrection,  invasion,  or  war, 
should  command  the  entire  military  force  in  the  field ;  to  author- 
ize the  Governor,  whenever  in  his  opinion  the  security  and  wel- 
fare of  the  State  might  require  it,  to  take  possession  of  the  rail- 
road and  telegraph  lines  within  the  State ;  to  provide  for  the 
organization,  government  and  support  of  the  "Missouri  State 
Guard;"  and  to  authorize  the  Governor  to  borrow  $1,000,000  to 
arm  and  eqiiip  the  militia  of  the  State  to  repel  invasion,  and  pro- 
tect the  lives  and  property  of  the  people. 

SURRENDER  OF    CAMP  JACKSON. 

Into  the  midst  of  this  body  of  busy  legislators  dropped  the 
news  of  the  capture  of  Gamp  Jackson,  at  St.  Louis. 

By  order  of  Gov.  Jackson,  the  United  States  arsenal  at 
Liberty,  Clay  County,  had  been  seized  April  20,  1861,  and  on 
the  same  day  of  the  Governor's  proclamation  calling  an  extra  ses- 
sion of  the  General  Assembly  the  following  general  military  order 
was  issued  by  Warwick  Hough,  then  adjutant  general  of  Mis- 
souri: 

( General  Orders  Xo.  7. ) 

Headquarters  Adjutant  General's  Office,  Mo.,         ) 
Jefferson  City,  April  23,  1861.  f 

First.  To  attain  a  greater  degree  of  efficiency  and  perfection  in  organiza- 
tion and  discipline,  the  commanding  officers  of  the  several  military  districts  in 
this  State,  having  four  or  more  legally  organized  companies  therein,  whose 
armories  are  within  fifteen  miles  of  each  other,  will  assemble  their  respective 
commands  at  some  place  to  be  by  them  severally  designated,  on  the  3d  of  May, 
and  to  go  into  an  encampment  for  the  period  of  six  days,  as  provided  by  law. 
Captains  of  companies  not  organized  into  battalions  will  report  the  strength 
of  their  companies  immediately  to  these  headquarters,  and  await  further  orders. 

Second.  The  quartermaster-general  will  procure  and  issue  to  the  quar- 
termasters of  districts,  for  those  commands  not  now  provided  for,  all  necessary 
tents  and  camp  equipage,  to  enable  the  commanding  officers  thereof  to  carry  the 
foregoing  orders  into  effect. 


HISTOEY    OF     MISSOUEI.  99 

Third.  The  light  battery  now  attached  to  the  Southwest  Battalion,  and 
one  company  of  mounted  riflemen,  including  all  officers  and  soldiers  belonging 
to  the  First  District,  will  proceed  forthwith  to  St.  Louis,  and  report  to  Gen. 
D.  M.  Frost  for  duty.  The  remaining  companies  of  said  battalion  will  be  dis- 
banded for  the  purpose  of  assisting  in  the  organization  of  companies  upon  that 
frontier.  The  details  in  the  execution  of  the  foregoing  are  intrusted  to  Lieut. - 
Col.  John  S.  Bowen,  commanding  the  battalion. 

Fourth.  The  strength,  organization  and  equipment  of  the  several  com- 
panies in  the  districts  will  be  reported  at  ouce  to  these  headquarters,  and  divis- 
ion inspectors  will  furnish  all  information  which  may  be  serviceable  in  ascer- 
taining the  condition  of  the  State  forces. 

By  order  of  the  Governor. 

Warwick  Hough, 
Adjutant-  Oeneral  of  Missouri. 

Pursuant  to  this  order,  the  military  encampment  of  Camp 
Jackson,  at  Lindell's  Grove,  St.  Louis,  was  organized  May  3,  by 
Brig.-Gen.  Daniel  M.  'Frost,  of  the  Missouri  Militia.  Its 
object,  as  stated  above,  was  said  to  be  the  attainment  of  greater 
efficiency  in  the  organization  and  drill  of  the  State  troops,  but 
there  seemed  to  be  reason  for  the  suspicion,  entertained  by  officers 
of  the  United  States  Army,  that  Gov.  Jackson,  Gen.  Frost 
and  their  confr<?res,  had  some  ulterior  purpose  in  view.  This 
purpose  was  believed  by  many  to  be  nothing  less  than  the  seizure 
of  the  United  States  arsenal  at  St.  Louis,  and  the  military  con- 
trol of  the  State  by  those  who,  notwithstanding  the  anti-secession 
voice  of  the  people,  were  determined  to  link  her  destinies  with 
the  Confederacy. 

The  stars  and  stripes  floated  over  Camp  Jackson,  yet  Capt. 
Nathaniel  Lyon,  commandant  of  the  arsenal,  had  in  view  the 
sentiments  of  Gov.  Jackson's  inaugural  and  of  his  more 
recent  message  to  the  Legislature,  his  response  to  the  reqitisition 
of  the  Secretary  of  War,  the  seizure  of  the  arsenal  at  Liberty, 
and  the  fact  that  two  of  the  streets  in  the  new  camp  were  called 
"Davis"  and  "Beauregard,"  after  two  of  the  most  prominent 
leaders  of  the  Rebellion.  Also  Capt.  Lyon  discovered  that 
cannon  and  mortars  in  boxes,  marked  "Marble,"  and  shot  and 
shell  in  barrels,  had  been  landed  at  the  St.  Louis  wharf  and 
hauled  to  Camp  Jackson. 

On  the  morning  of  May  10,  Gen.  Frost  having  been  informed 
that  the  United  States  troops  were  prejiaring  for  an  attack  upon 
his  camp  addressed  the  following  note  to  Capt.  Lyon : 


100  HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI. 

Headquarters,  Camp  Jackson,  ) 
Missouri  Militia,  May  10,  1861.      f 
Capt.  N.  Lyon,  Commanding  United  States  Troops  in  and  about  St.  Louis  Arsenal, 

Sir: — I  am  constantly  in  receipt  of  information  that  you  contemplate  an  at- 
tack upon  my  camp,  whilst  I  understand  that  you  are  impressed  with  the  idea 
that  an  attack  upon  the  arsenal  and  United  States  troops  is  intended  on  the 
part  of  the  militia  of  Missouri.  I  am  greatly  at  a  loss  to  know  what  could 
justify  you  in  attacking  citizens  of  the  United  States  who  are  in  the  lawful 
performance  of  duties  devolving  upon  them  under  the  constitution  in  organizing 
and  instructing  the  militia  of  the  State  in  obedience  to  her  laws,  and  therefore 
have  been  disposed  to  doubt  the  correctness  of  the  information  I  have  received. 

I  would  be  glad  to  know  from  you,  personally,  whether  there  is  any  truth 
in  the  statements  that  are  constantly  pouring  into  my  ears.  So  far  as  regards  any 
hostility  being  intendent  toward  the  United  States,  its  property,  or  representatives 
by  any  portionof  mycommand.or  asfar  as  I  can  learn(and  I  think  I  am  fully 
informed)  of  any  other  part  of  the  State  forces,  I  can  positively  say  that  the  idea 
has  never  been  entertained.  On  the  contrary,  prior  to  your  taking  command  of 
the  arsenal,  I  proffered  to  Maj.  Bell,  then  ia  command  of  the  very  few  troops 
constituting  its  guard,  the  services  of  myself  and  all  my  command,  and  if 
necessary,  the  whole  power  of  the  State,  to  protect  the  United  States  in  the  full 
possession  of  all  her  property.  Upon  Gen.  Harney's  taking  command  of  this 
department,  I  made  the  same  proffer  of  services  to  him,  and  authorized  his 
adjutant-general,  Capt.  Williams,  to  communicate  the  fact  that  such  had  been 
done  to  the  war  department.  1  have  had  no  occasion  since  to  change  any  of  the 
views  I  entertained  at  that  time,  neither  of  my  own  volition  nor  through  orders 
of  my  constitutional  commander. 

I  trust  that  after  this  explicit  statement  we  maj'  be  able,  by  fully  under- 
standing each  other,  to  keep  far  from  our  borders  the  misfortunes  which  so 
unhappily  affect  our  common  country. 

This  communication  will  be  handed  to  you  by  Col.  Bowen,  my  chief  of 
staff,  who  will  be  able  to  explain  anything  not  fully  set  forth  in  the  foregoing. 

I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Brig.-Gex.  D.  M.  Frost, 
Commanding  Camp  Jackson  At.  V.  M. 

On  the  day  of  this  commuijication,  and  perhaps  at  the  very 
hour  of  its  writing,  Capt.  Lyon  was  making  active  preparations 
to  march  upon  Camp  Jackson.  It  was  said  that  he  refused  to 
receive  the  communication  from  Gen.  Frost. 

Between  2  and  3  o'clock,  on  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day, 
Gen.  Frost  received  a  note  from  Capt.  Lyon  as  follows: 

Headquarters  United  States  Troops,      ( 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  May  10,  1861.  C 
Gen.  D.  M.  Frost,  Commanding  Camp  Jackson, 

Sir: — Your  command  is  regarded  as  evidently  hostile  toward  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States. 

It  is,  for  the  most  part,  made  up  of  those  secessionists  who  have  openly 
avowed  their  hostility  to  the  general  Government,  and  have  been  plotting  at 
the  seizure  of  its  property  and  the  overthrow  of  its  authorit3^     You  are  openly 


HISTORY   OF    MISSOUEI.  101 

in  communication  with  tlie  so-called  Southern  Confederacy,  which  is  now  at  war 
with  the  United  States,  and  you  are  receiving  at  your  camp,  from  the  said 
Confederacy,  and  under  its  flag,  large  supplies  of  the  material  of  war,  most  of 
which  is  known  to  be  the  property  of  the  United  States.  These  extraordinary 
preparations  plainly  indicate  none  other  than  the  well  known  purpose  of  the 
Governor  of  this  State,  under  whose  orders  you  are  acting,  and  whose  purpose, 
recently  communicated  to  the  Legislature,  has  just  been  responded  to  by  that 
body  in  the  most  unparalleled  legislation,  having  in  direct  view  hostilities  to 
the  general  Government,  and  co-operation  with  its  enemies. 

In  view  of  these  considerations,  and  of  your  failure  to  disperse  in  obedience 
to  the  proclamation  of  the  President,  and  of  the  imminent  necessities  of  State 
policy  and  warfare,  and  the  obligations  imposed  upon  me  by  instructions  from 
Washington,  it  is  my  duty  to  demand,  and  I  do  hereby  demand  of  you  an 
immediate  surrender  of  your  command,  with  no  other  conditions  than  that  all 
persons  surrendering,  under  this  demand,  shall  be  humanely  and  kindly  treated. 
Believing  myself  prepared  to  enforce  this  demand,  one-half  hour's  time  before 
doing  so  will  be  allowed  for  your  compliance  therewith. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

N.  Lyon, 
Capt.  Second  Infantry,   Commanding  Troops. 

Capt.  Lyon's  command  numbered  between  6,000  and  7,000 
men,  and  about  twenty  pieces  of  artillery.  With  this  force  he 
rapidly  invested  Camp  Jackson,  planting  batteries  on  the  over- 
looking heights,  and  allowing  none  to  pass  the  lines  thus  formed. 
Many  of  the  citizens  seized  whatever  weapons  they  could  lay 
their  hands  upon,  and  rushed  to  the  assistance  of  the  State  troops, 
but  were,  of  course,  foiled  in  their  design.  Men,  and  numbers 
of  women  and  children,  flocked  to  the  neighboring  hills,  wishing 
to  obtain  a  view  of  the  scene,  and  thinking  themselves  out  of 
harm's  way.  Upon  the  receipt  of  Capt.  Lyon's  communication. 
Gen.  Frost  called  a  hasty  consultation  of  the  officers  of  his  staff, 
and  as  resistance  seemed  mere  recklessness,  a  surrender  upon  the 
proposed  terms  was  quickly  agreed  to.  The  State  troops  were 
therefore  made  prisoners  of  war,  but  an  offer  was  made  to  release 
them  on  condition  that  they  would  take  an  oath  to  support  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  would  swear  not  to  take  up 
arms  against  the  Government. 

All  but  eight  or  ten  men  refused  to  accede  to  these  terms,  on 
the  ground  that  having  already  sworn  allegiance  to  the  United 
States  and  its  Government,  repeating  their  oath  would  be  to  ad- 
mit that  they  had  been  in  rebellion,  which  they  would  not  con- 
cede. 

About  half  past  five  o'clock   the  prisoners  of  war  left  their 


102  HISTORY    OF     MISSOUBI. 

camp,  aud  entered  the  road,  the  United  States  soldiers  enclosing 
them  by  a  single  file  on  each  side  of  their  line.  Suddenly  the 
report  of  fire-arms  was  heard  from  the  front  of  the  column,  which 
was  then  opposite  a  small  hill,  on  the  left  as  one  approaches  the 
city.  It  seems  that  some  members  of  the  United  States  com- 
panies, upon  being  pressed  by  the  crowd  and  receiving  some 
blows  from  them,  turned,  and  without  orders,  discharged  their 
pieces.  No  one  was  injured,  and  the  offending  soldiers  were  im- 
mediately placed  under  arrest.  Hardly,  however,  had  quiet  been 
restored,  when  repeated  volleys  of  musketry  were  heard  from  the 
extreme  rear  ranks,  which  were  still  at  the  entrance  to  the  grove, 
and  the  crowd  of  spectators  were  seen  running  wildlv  from  the 
spot.  Many,  even  while  escaping,  were  shot  down,  and  the 
wounded  and  dying  made  the  late  beautiful  field  look  like  a  bat- 
tle-ground. The  total  number  of  citizens  killed  was  twenty- 
eight,  including  two  ladies ;  the  wounded  numbered  about  twenty- 
five.  On  the  part  of  the  Federals,  one  officer,  Caj^t.  C.  Blandow- 
ski,  and  one  private  were  killed  and  a  dozen  men  were  wounded. 
As  in  the  disturbance  at  the  other  end  of  the  line,  the  arsenal 
troops  were  attacked  with  stones,  and  shots  were  discharged  at 
them  before  they  fired.  *  Not  until  he  himself  had  been  seriously 
wounded  did  Capt.  Blandowski  give  the  order  to  fire  on  the  mob.* 
Gen.  Frost's  command  was  marched  to  the  arsenal,  and  there 
remained,  as  jsrisoners  of  war,  until  the  following  day.  They 
were  then  released,  every  man,  Capt.  Emmet  McDonald  excepted, 
subscribing  to  the  following  parole : 

St.  Louis  Arsenal,  May,  11,  1861. 
We,  the  undersigned,  do  pledge  our  words  as  gentlemen  that  we  will  not 
take  up  arms  nor  serve  in  any  military  capacity  against  the  United  States,  dur- 
ing the  present  civil  war.  This  parole  shall  be  returned  upon  our  surrendering 
ourselves,  at  any  time,  as  prisoners  of  war.  While  we  make  this  pledge  with  the 
fullintention  of  observing  it,  we  hereby  protest  against  the  injustice  of  its  ex- 
action. 

The  following  letter,  written  by  Gen.  Frost  to  Gov.  Jackson,  and 
dated  January  24,  18(31,  was  afterward  captured  with  other  Con- 
federate records.     It  pours  a  flood  of  light  upon  the  events  which 

*In  his  report  of  the  affair  lien.  Lyon  says:  "  Tlie  s.id  results  are  much  to  be  lanienteil  Tlie 
killing  of  innocent  men,  women  and  children  is  deplorable.  There  was  no  intention  to  fire  upon 
peaceable  citizens.  The  regular  troops  were  over  in  the  camp,  beyond  the  mob,  and  in  range  of  the 
firing.  The  troops  manifested  every  forbearance,  aud  at  last  discharged  their  guns  in  simply  obey- 
ing the  imjmlse,  natural  to  all,  of  self-defence.  If  innocent  men,  women  and  children,  whose  curi- 
osity placed  them  in  a  dangerous  position,  suffered  with  the  guilty,  it  is  no  fault  of  the  troops." 


HISTOKY    OF     MISSOURI.  103 

transpired  previous  to  the  beginning  of  the  war  in   Missouri. 

Maj.  Bell,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  superseded  by  Capt.  Lyon, 

as  commandant  at  the  arsenal : 

St.  Louis,  Missouri,  January  24,  1861. 
His  Excellency,   C.  F.  Jackson,  Oovernor  of  Missouri, 

Dear  Sir: — I  have  just  returned  from  the  arsenal,  where  I  have  had  an 
interview  with  Maj.  Bell,  the  commanding  officer  of  that  place.  I  found  the 
Major  everything  that  you  or  I  could  desire.  He  assured  me  that  he  considered 
that  Missouri  had,  whenever  the  time  came,  a  right  to  claim  it  as  being  upon 
her  soil.  He  asserted  his  determination  to  defend  it  against  any  and  all  irre- 
sponsible mobs,  come  from  whence  they  might,  but  at  the  same  time  gave  me 
to  understand  that  he  would  not  attempt  any  defense  against  the  proper  State 
authorities. 

He  promised  me,  upon  the  honor  of  an  officer  and  a  gentleman,  that  he 
would  not  suffer  any  arms  to  be  removed  from  the  place  without  first  giving  me 
timely  information;  and  I,  in  return,  promised  him  that  I  would  use  all  the 
force  at  my  command  to  prevent  him  being  annoyed  by  irrespousible  persons. 
I  at  the  same  time  gave  him  notice  that  if  affairs  assumed  so  threatening  a 
character  as  to  render  it  unsafe  to  leave  the  place  in  its  comparatively  unpro- 
tected condition,  that  I  might  come  down  and  quarter  a  proper  force  there  to 
protect  it  from  the  assaults  of  any  persons  whatsoever,  to  which  he  assented.  In 
a  word,  the  Major  is  with  us,  where  he  ought  to  be,  for  all  his  worldly  wealth 
lies  here  in  St.  Louis  (and  it  is  very  large),  and  then,  again,  his  sympathies  are 
with  us. 

I  shall,  therefore,  rest  perfectly  easy,  and  use  all  my  influence  to  stop  the 
sensationalists  from  attracting  the  particular  attention  of  the  Government  to  this 
particular  spot.  The  telegraphs  you  received  were  the  sheerest  "canards"  of 
persons  who,  without  discretion,  are  extremely  anxious  to  show  their  zeal.  I 
shall  be  thoroughly  prepared  with  the  proper  force  to  act  as  emergency  may 
require.  The  use  of  force  will  only  be  resorted  to  when  nothing  else  will  avail 
to  prevent  the  shipment  or  removal  of  arms. 

The  Major  informed  me  that  he  had  arms  for  40,000  men,  with  all  the  appli- 
ances to  manufacture  munitions  of  almost  every  kind. 

This  arsenal,  if  properly  looked  after,  will  be  everything  to  our  State,  and 
I  intend  to  look  after  it — very  quietly,  however.  I  have  every  confidence  in  the 
word  of  honor  pledged  to  me  by  the  Major,  and  would  as  soon  think  of  doubting 
the  oath  of  the  best  man  in  the  community. 

His  idea  is  that  it  would  be  disgraceful  to  him  as  a  military  man  to  surrender 
to  a  mob,  whilst  he  could  do  so,  without  compromising  his  dignity  to  the  State 
authorities.  Of  course  I  did  not  show  him  your  order,  but  I  informed  him  that 
you  had  authorized  me  to  act  as  I  might  think  proper  to  protect  the  public 
property. 

He  desired  that  I  would  not  divulge  his  peculiar  views,  which  I  promised 
not  to  do  except  to  3'0ur9elf.  I  beg,  therefore,  that  you  will  say  nothing  that 
might  compr(uuise  him  eventually  with  the  general  Government,  for  thereby  I 
would  be  placed  in  an  awkward  position,  whilst  he  would  probably  be  removed, 
which  would  be  unjileasant  to  our  interests. 

Grimsley,  as  you  doubtless  know,  is  an  unconscionable  jackass,  and  only 
desires  to  make  himself  notorious.  It  was  through  him  that  McLaren  and 
George  made  the  mistake  of  telegraphing  a  falsehood  to  you. 


; 


104  HISTOEY    OF     MISSOUEI. 

I  should  be  pleased  to  hear  whether  you  approve  of  the  course  I  have 
adopted,  and  if  not,  I  am  ready  to  take  any  other  that  you.  as  my  commander, 
may  suggest. 

I  am,  sir,  most  truly, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

D.  M.  Frost. 

Upon  the  capture  of  Camp  Jackson,  and  the  consequent  dis- 
astrous collision  between  some  of  the  United  States  troops  and 
the  people,  the  wildest  excitement  prevailed  throughout  the 
State.  The  most  sensational  reports  flew  abroad  of  the  brutal 
murder  of  men,  women  and  children  by  an  infuriated  soldiery,  of 
their  charge  with  fixed  bayonets  upon  an  unoffending  crowd  of 
citizens,  and  of  their  committing  the  most  horrid  outrages  upon 
these  innocent  victims.  People  in  various  localities  rose  to 
avenge  the  reported  terrible  slaiighter,  and  the  whole  State  was 
in  a  frenzy  of  indignation. 

FINAL  EFFORTS  TOWAED  CONCILIATION. 

Two  days  after  the  captiu-e  of  Camp  Jackson,  Brig. -Gen. 
William  S.  Harney,  commandant  of  the  department,  returned  to 
St.  Louis  from  Washington,  and  issued  a  proclamation,  in  which 
he  called  upon  the  people  to  resume  their  accustomed  peaceful 
vocations,  and  assured  them  that  he  would  only  use  "  the  military 
force  stationed  in  this  district  in  the  last  resort  to  preserve  the 
peace." 

After  two  more  days,  Gen.  Harney  issued  a  second  procla- 
mation in  which  he  characterized  the  "  Military  Bill,"  passed  by 
the  recent  Legislature,  as  "  an  indirect  secession  ordinance, 
ignoring  even  the  forms  resorted  to  by  other  States,"  and  as 
unconstitutional  and  void.  He  spoke  approvingly  of  the  over- 
throw of  Camp  Jackson,  upon  the  ground  that  it  had  been 
"organized  in  the  interests  of  the  secessionists,"  the  men  openly 
wearing  the  dress  and  badge  of  the  Southern  Confederacy ;  and 
that  arms  had  been  received  into  the  camp  which  had  been 
unlawfully  taken  from  the  United  States  arsenal  at  Baton  Rouge, 
and  shipped  up  the  river  in  boxes  marked  "marble."  He 
declared  that  "no  government  in  the  world  would  be  entitled  to 
respect,  that  would  tolerate  for  a  moment,  such  openly  treasonable 
preparations;"  but  added  that  it  was  but  simple  justice  to  suppose 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  105 

that  there  were  many  loyal  men  in  the  camp  who  were  in  no  way 
responsible  for  its  treasonable  character.  He  disclaimed  all 
intention  of  interfering  with  the  prerogatives  of  the  State,  but 
expressed  in  plain  terms  that  the  "  supreme  law  of  the  land 
must  be  obeyed,  and  that  no  subterfuges,  whether  in  the  form 
of  legislative  acts  or  otherwise,"  could  be  permitted  to  har- 
ass the  law  abiding  people  of  Missouri.  He  promised  that  his 
authority  should  be  used  to  protect  their  persons  and  property, 
and  that  he  would  suppress  all  unlawful  combinations  of  men, 
formed  under  any  pretext  whatsoever. 

Gen.  Harney's  policy  was  to  preserve  peace  as  long  as  it 
could  be  done,  and  the  authority  of  the  national  Government 
preserved.  Accordingly  he  held  a  conference  at  St.  Louis,  May 
21,  1861,  with  Gen.  Sterling  Price,  whom  Gov.  Jackson  had  placed 
at  the  head  of  the  Missouri  State  Guard,  which  resulted  in  an 
amicable  agreement,  signed  by  both  generals,  which  undertook 
to  calm  the  popular  excitement  and  prevent  fiirther  bloodshed. 

The  authorities  at  Washington  disapproved  of  the  Harney- 
Price  compact,  and  they  had  already  given  orders  that  Capt. 
Lyon  should  succeed  the  former  general  in  command  of  the  de- 
partment. Before,  however,  the  order  for  his  displacement 
reached  him.  Gen.  Harney,  in  consequence  of  his  agreement 
with  Gen.  Price,  removed  the  Federal  troops  from  the  siiburbs 
of  St.  Louis,  Col.  Sigel's  regiment  remaining  at  the  arsenal. 
Gov.  Jackson  and  Gen.  Price,  on  their  part,  disbanded  the  State 
troops  at  Jefferson  City  and  St.  Joseph,  and  ordered  them  home, 
there  to  drill  and  receive  military  instruction. 

Another  conference  was  held  in  St.  Louis  between  Gen.  Lyon, 
Col.  Frank  P.  Blair,  Ji-.,  and  Maj.  F.  A.  Conant,  on  the  one  side, 
and  Gov.  C.  F.  Jackson,  Gen.  Sterling  Price  and  Col.  Thomas 
L.  Snead,  on  the  other.  The  interview  lasted  six  hours,  but  re- 
sulted in  nothing  except  to  make  the  terrible  truth  evident  that 
their  differences  could  not  be  peaceably  adjusted. 

This  final  effort  at  conciliation  having  failed.  Gov.  Jackson 
and  his  associates  left  for  Jefferson  City  the  same  night,  burning 
railroad  bridges  and  cutting  the  telegraph  wires  behind  them. 

PROCLAMATION  BY  GOV.  JACKSON. 

On  the  next  day   (June  12)  Gov.   Jackson  issued  a  procla- 


106  HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI. 

mation,  calling  iBto  active  seryice  50,000  State  Militia  "for 
the  purpose  of  repelling  invasion,  and  for  the  protection  of 
the  lives,  liberty  and  property  of  the  citizens  of  this  State."  He 
instructed  the  people  that  their  first  allegiance  was  due  to  their 
own  State;  that  they  were  "under  no  obligation,  whatever,  to  obey 
the  unconstitutional  edicts  of  the  military  despotism  which  had 
enthroned  itself  at  Washington,  nor  submit  to  the  infamous  and 
degrading  sway  of  its  wicked  minions  in  this  State."  He  de- 
clared that  no  brave  and  true-hearted  Missourian  would  obey  the 
one  or  submit  to  the  other;  and  he  called  upon  them  to  rise  and 
"  drive  out  ignominiously  the  invaders  who  have  dared  to  dese- 
crate the  soil  which  your  labors  have  made  fruitful,  and  which  is 
consecrated  by  your  homes."  This  proclamation  was  the  signal 
for  civil  war  in  Missouri,  and  immediately  upon  its  publication 
active  military  movements  within  the  State  began. 

THE   LEGISLATURE  AGAIN. 

The  "Missouri  State  Guard"  bill  was  before  the  Legislature, 
and  was  meeting  with  much  opposition,  when  the  news  of  the 
attack  on  Camp  Jackson  so  affected  the  minds  of  the  legislators 
that  they  passed  the  act  in  less  than  fifteen  minutes. 

About  11  o'clock  the  same  night  the  whole  city  of  Jefferson 
was  aroused  by  the  pealing  of  bells  and  the  shouts  of  men  sum- 
moning the  Legislature  to  the  Capitol.  There  they  went  into 
secret  session  until  past  3  o'clock  in  the  morning.  The  cause  of 
this  sudden  panic  was  the  recejition  of  a  telegram,  afterward 
asserted  to  be  bogus,  to  the  effect  that  2,000  Federal  troops 
would  leave  St.  Louis  that  night  for  the  express  purpose  of  cap- 
turing the  Governor,  State  officers  and  members  of  the  Legis- 
lature, then  convened  at  Jefferson  City.  To  pi-event  this  antici- 
pated raid  the  railroad  bridge  across  the  Osage  Kiver  was  burned, 
and  the  next  day  12,000  kegs  of  powder  were  sent  off  in  wagons  to 
secret  places  of  safety,  while  the  money  in  the  State  Treasury  was 
moved  out  of  town  to  keep  it  out  of  the  hands  of  the  expected 
marauders.  When  the  truth  became  known,  comparative  quiet 
was  restored. 

In  accordance  with  the  power  conferred  iipon  Gov.  Jackson 
by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  before  mentioned,  he  appointed 
Sterling  Price  major-general  of  the  Missouri  State  Guard. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI.  107 

On  the  clay  before  the  final  acljonrnment,  Mr.  George  G. 
Vest,  now  a  resident  of  Kansas  City  and  a  United  States  senator, 
made  the  following  report  to  the  House  of  Bepresentatives  from 
the  Committee  on  Federal  Relations. 

Whereas,  We  have  learned  with  astonishment  and  indignation  that  troops 
in  the  service  of  the  Federal  Government  have  surrounded  and  taken  prisoners 
of  war  the  encampment  of  Slate  militia  lately  assembled  near  the  city  of  St. 
Louis,  in  pursuance  of  law  and  by  command  of  the  Governor,  for  the  purpose 
alone  of  military  instruction;  And  Whekeas,  The  United  States  troops  aforesaid, 
assisted  by  a  mob  armed  under  Federal  authority,  have  also  murdered  with  un- 
paralleled atrocity,  defenseless  men,  women  and  children,  citizens  of  Missouri, 
lawfully  and  peacefully  assembled.     Now,  therefore, 

Resolved  by  the  House  of  Representatires,  the  Senate  concurring  therein,  That 
we,  the  representatives  of  the  people  of  Missouri,  in  general  assembly  convened, 
do  hereby  protest  to  the  civilized  world,  and  especially  our  sister  States,  against 
this  illegal,  unchristian  and  inhuman  violation  of  our  rights  by  the  capture  of 
our  militia,  assembled  under  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
constitution  of  the  State,  and  the  murder  of  our  defenseless  people; 

Resulred,  Second.  That  whilst  Missouri  has  !/een  loyal  to  the  Government, 
struggling  for  its  reconstruction,  and  is  now  sincerely  desirous  of  an  honorable 
adjustment  of  existing  difiiculties,  she  has  received  as  reward  for  her  fidelity  from 
persons  assuming  to  act  under  Federal  authority,  unparalleled  insult  and  wrong. 
An  armed  despotism,  under  infuriated  partisan  leaders,  has  been  inaugurated  in 
our  midst,  controlled  by  no  law  but  passion,  and  actuated  I)y  the  deepest  hate 
against  the  people  of  Missouri  and  their  institutions.  Our  railroads  are  now 
under  military  occupation.  The  steamboat  "  C.  E.  Hilman"  engaged  in  trans- 
porting goods  from  the  city  of  St.  Louis  to  the  city  of  Nashville,  has  been  seized 
by  Government  troops  within  the  jurisdiction  of  this  State,and  the  cargo  taken 
out.  The  capitol  of  the  State  js  openly  threatened  with  capture,  and  our  session 
is  now  being  held  in  the  midst  of  armed  citizens  hastily  assembled  for  defense. 

Resolved.  Third,  That  it  is  the  unquestioned,  constitutional  right  of  the 
State  to  arm,  equip  and  organize  her  militia  for  defense  against  aggression  from 
any  quarter;  and  the  attempt  by  Capt.  Lyon,  acting,  as  he  says,  under  author- 
ity from  Washington,  to  use  the  exercise  of  this  right  as  an  excuse  for  his  con- 
duct, evinces  but  too  clearly  a  disposition  upon  the  part  of  the  authorities  at 
Washington  to  disregard  and  trample  upon  the  sacred  rights  of  the  people  of 
Missouri. 

Resolved,  Fourth,  That  the  charge  of  Capt.  Lyon  in  his  letter  to  Gen.  Frost, 
that  the  proceedings  of  the  State  authorities  or  of  this  general  assembly,  at  any 
time,  furnished  a  pretext  for  the  course  jxirsued  by  him.  is  entirely  gratuitous 
and  false. 

Resolved.  Fifth,  That  the  Governor  of  the  State  be  hereby  directed  to  make 
demand  of  the  President  of  the  United  Stales,  whether  these  outrages  have 
been  authorized  by  the  Government,  and  for  the  immediate  return  of  the  arms, 
camp  equipage  and  other  property  belonging  to  this  State,  lately  taken  from 
our  military  near  St.  Louis,  and  for  the  unconditional  release  of  our  State 
troops. 

Resolved,  Sixth,  That  the  Governor  be  requested  to  take  instant  action  by 
calling   forth  the  militia  of  the  State  for  the  purpose  of  defense;  and  that  the 


108  HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI. 

people  of  Missouri  should  rally  as  one  man  to  perish,  if  necessary,  in  defending 
their  constitutional  rights. 

Jiesolred,  That  the  governor  be  requested  to  furnish  a  copy  of  the  foregoing 
preamble  and  resolutions  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  to  the 
Governor  of  each  of  the  States. 

That  these  resohitions  were  passed  in  the  House  without  a 
single  dissenting  Tote  is  an  evidence  of  the  extraordinary  excite- 
ment which  prevailed,  not  only  among  the  people,  but  also  in  the 
Legislature. 

Immediately  upon  the  adjournment  of  that  body,  Gov.  Jack- 
son and  the  larger  part  of  the  State  officers  abandoned  the  Capi- 
tol, believing  that  delay  would  probably  result  in  their  falling 
into  the  hands  of  the  United  States  militia  and  becoming  prison- 
ers of  war.  In  September  Gov.  Jackson  issued  a  proclamation, 
calling  the  General  Assembly  to  meet  in  extra  session  at  Neosho, 
Newton  County,  on  the  21st  day  of  October.  At  the  time  this 
official  act  was  performed  the  Governor  was  a  fugitive  from  the 
State  capitol,  and  the  State  Convention,  on  the  31st  of  July,  had 
declared  his  seat  vacant,  together  with  those  of  the  members  of 
the  Legislature;  and  on  the  same  day  had  invested  Hamilton 
R.  Gamble  wi^h  the  authority  and  obligations  of  Governor  of 
Missouri. 

Gov.  Jackson's  proclamation  declared  that  the  United  States 
authorities  had  "  —  in  violation  of  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States,  waged  a  ruthless  war  upon  the  people  of  the  State 
of  Missouri,  murdering  our  citizens,  destroying  our  property, 
and,  as  far  as  in  their  power  lay,  desolating  our  land.  I  have  in 
vain  endeavored  to  secure  your  constitutional  rights  by  peaceable 
means,  and  have  only  resorted  to  war  when  it  became  necessary 
to  repel  the  most  cruel  and  long-continued  aggressions.  War 
now  exists  between  the  State  of  Missouri  and  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment, and  a  state  of  war  is  incompatible  with  the  contimiance 
of  our  union  with  that  Government.  Therefore,  for  the  purpose 
of  giving  to  the  representatives  of  the  people  of  Missouri  an  op- 
portunity of  determining  whether  it  be  proper  now  to  dissolve 
the  constitutional  bonds  which  binds  us  to  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  when  all  other  bonds  between  us  are  broken, 
I,  Claiborne  F.  Jackson,"  etc. 

In  response  to  this  proclamation,  thirty-nine  members  of  the 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  109 

House  and  ten  members  of  the  Senate  assembled  at  Neosho  in 
October.  The  proceediVigs  of  the  Senate,  afterward  captured, 
sliow  that  during  the  first  few  days  nothing  was  done  but  bring 
in  absent  members.  In  order  to  consitute  a  quorum  there  must 
have  been  present  sixty-seven  members  of  the  House  and  seven- 
teen members  of  the  Senate.  As  it  was  impossible  to  muster  that 
number,  Gov.  Jackson's  message  was  read  to  those  who  were 
present.  He  recommended  the  passage  of  an  ordinance  of  seces- 
sion, and  also  the  passage  of  a  law  aiithorizing  the  election  of 
senators  a,nd  representatives  to  the  Confederate  Congress. 

An  act,  declaring  the  union  between  Missouri  and  the  United 
States  dissolved,  passed  both  houses  of  this  fragmentary  Legis- 
lature, and  as  far  as  that  body  was  concerned  the  connection  be- 
tween the  State  and  the  general  Government  was  broken.  This 
Senate  met  again  at  Cassville,  Barry  County,  October  31,  1861, 
and  November  7,  adjourning  to  meet  at  New  Madrid  on  tlie  first 
Monday  in  March,  18G2;  but  that  meeting  was  never  held.  Gov. 
Jackson's  death  occurred  December  6,  1862,  at  a  farmhouse  on 
the  Arkansas  River  opposite  Little  Rock. 

THE  STATE  CONVENTION FURTHER  TRANSACTIONS. 

On  the  31st  of  July,  1861,  this  body  elected  Hamilton  R. 
Gamble,  Willard  P.  Hall  and  Mordecai  Oliver,  respectively  Gov- 
ernor, Lieutenant-Governor  and  Secretary  of  State,  to  succeed 
Claiborne  F.  Jackson,  Thomas  C.  Reynolds  and  Benjamin  F. 
Massey,  whose  seats  had  been  declared  vacant. 

At  another  session  held  in  St.  Louis,  and  beginning  October 
10,  1861,  the  board  of  public  works  and  the  ofiices  of  State 
superintendent  of  public  schools  and  county  school  commis- 
sioners were  abolished,  the  salaries  of  all  civil  officers  were  re- 
duced 20  per  cent,  and  test  oaths  of  loyalty  for  civil  officers  and 
citizens  were  authoritatively  promulgated. 

On  June  2,  1862,  the  convention  assembled  at  Jefferson  City, 
declared  vacant  the  seats  of  Sterling  Price,  late  president  of  the  con- 
vention, and  of  others  who  had  joined  the  secessionists;  laid  upon 
the  table  an  ordinance  offered  by  Mr.  Breckinridge  providing  for 
the  gradual  emancipation  of  the  slaves  in  the  State;  passed  an 
ordinance  continuing  the  provisional  government  until  August, 


110  HISTOEY   OF    MISSOURI. 

1864,  at  which  time,  according  to  arrangements  already  made, 
their  successors  would  be  elected  and  qualified,  and  provided  that 
no  person  should  vote  at  any  election  thereafter  held  in  the  State, 
under  its  constitution  and  laws,  who  should  not  previously  take 
the  following  oath : 

I, do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm  as  the  case  may  be)  that  I  will  sup- 
port, protect  and  defend  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  the  consti- 
tution of  the  State  of  Missouri,  against  all  enemies  or  opposers,  whether  domes- 
tic or  foreign;  that  I  will  bear  true  faith,  loyalty  and  allegiance  to  the  United 
States,  and  will  not,  directly  or  indirectly,  give  aid  or  comfort,  or  countenance 
to  the  enemies  or  opposers  thereof,  or  of  the  provisional  government  of  the  State 
of  Missouri,  any  ordinance,  law  or  resolution  of  any  State  convention  or  Legis- 
lature, or  of  any  order  or  organization,  secret  or  otherwise,  to  the  contrar}-  not- 
withstanding; and  that  I  do  tliis  with  a  full  and  honest  determination,  pledge 
and  purpose,  faithfully  to  keep  and  perform  the  same,  without  any  mental  res- 
ervation or  evasion  whatever.  And  I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  aflarm)  that  I  have 
not  since  the  17th  day  of  December,  A.D.  1861,  wilfully  taken  up  arms,  or  levied 
war  against  the  United  States,  or  against  the  provisional  government  of  the 
State  of  Missouri,  so  help  me  God. 

A  similar  oath  was  prescribed  for  all  civil  oflScers,  and  for 
jurymen  and  attorneys. 

On  June  15,  1863,  pursuant  to  a  proclamation  from  Gov. 
Gamble,  the  convention  met  to  devise  measures  for  the  gradual 
emancipation  of  the  slaves.  Without  especially  noting  the  action 
of  the  convention  on  the  various  propositions  submitted,  or  the 
several  amendments  to  these  propositions,  it  is  enough  to  say 
that  on  July  1,  the  fifteenth  day  of  the  session,  the  ordinance  as 
amended  was  passed.     It  is  as  follows : 

Be  it  ordained  by  the  people  of  the  State  of  Missouri  in  convention  assembled: 

Section  1.  The  first  and  second  clauses  of  the  twenty-sixth  section  of  the 
third  article  of  the  constitution  are  hereby  abrogated. 

Sec.  3.  That  slavery  and  involuntary  servitude,  except  for  the  punishment 
of  crime,  shall  cease  to  exist  in  Missouri  on  the  4th  day  of  July,  1870,  and  all  slaves 
within  the  State  at  that  day  are  hereby  declared  to  be  free;  Protided,  however, 
That  all  persons  emancipated  by  this  ordinance  shall  remain  under  the  control,  and 
be  subject  to  the  authority  of  their  late  owners  or  their  legal  representatives,  as 
servants,  during  the  following  period,  to-wit:  Those  over  forty  years  for  and  dur- 
ing their  lives;  those  under  twelve  years  of  age  until  they  arrive  at  the  age  of 
twenty-three  years,  and  those  of  all  other  ages  until  the  4th  of  July,  1870.  The 
persons  or  their  legal  representatives,  who,  up  to  the  moment  of  the  emanci- 
pation were  the  owners  of  the  slaves  thus  freed,  shall,  during  the  period  for 
which  the  services  of  such  freed  men  are  reserved  to  them,  have  the  same  au- 
thority and  control  over  the  said  freed  men  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  the  pos. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI.  Ill 

session  and  service  of  the  saine,  that  are  now  held  absolutely  by  the  master  in 
respect  to  his  slave.  Provided,  /loicerer.  That  after  the  said  4th  day  of  July,  1870, 
no  person  so  held  to  service  shall  be  sold  to  a  nonresident  of,  or  removed  from  the 
State  of  Missouri,  by  authority  of  his  late  owner  or  his  legal  representatives. 

Sbc.  3.  That  all  slaves  hereafter  brought  into  this  State,  and  not  now  be- 
longing to  citizens  of  this  State,  shall  thereupon  be  free. 

Sec.  4.  All  slaves  removed  by  consent  of  their  owners  to  any  seceded 
State,  after  the  passage  by  such  State  of  an  act  or  ordinance  of  secession,  and 
hereafter  brought  into  this  State  by  their  owners,  shall  thereupon  be  free. 

Sec.  5.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  pass  laws  to  emanci- 
pate slaves  without  the  consent  of  their  owners. 

Sec.  6.  After  the  passage  of  this  ordinance  no  slaves  in  this  State  shall  be 
subject  to  State,  county  or  municipal  taxes. 

Wednesday,  July  1.  1803,  the  convention,  after  having  held  various  sessions, 
since  its  first  meeting,  Februar}'  38,  18G1,  adjourned  sine  die. 

EMANCIPATION    PKOCLAMATION   AND    THE    XIIITH    AMENDMENT. 

In  connection  witli  the  emancipation  measures  of  the  State  of 
Missouri,  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  give  a  brief  recital  of  the  various 
means  by  which  slavery  in  the  United  States  was  finally  ob- 
literated. 

President  Lincoln's  policy  was  for  some  time  criticised  as 
timid  and  slow.  His  more  hardy  and  aggressive  advisers  de- 
manded that  the  negroes  be  either  emancipated  or  declared  con- 
traband of  war  at  once,  as  the  Southern  armies  could  never  be 
beaten  while  4,000,000  of  blacks,  without  cost  or  remuneration, 
were  at  home  tilling  the  soil  for  the  support  of  the  whites  in  the 
field.  After  waiting  long  enough  to  see  that  the  South  did  not 
want  peace  upon  any  terms  save  a  permanent  withdrawal  from 
the  Union,  and  recognition  by  the  North  as  an  independent, 
sovereign  power,  he  issued  a  pi-ovisional  proclamation  of  emanci- 
pation on  September  22,  1862.  On  the  1st  of  January,  1863,  the 
President  issued  one  of  the  most  important  documents  of  modern 
times — the  emancipation  proclamation.  This  could  have  been  de- 
fended throughout  the  world  as  an  act  of  progressive  and  civilized 
humanity,  but  it  was  in  reality  a  war  measure,  it  having  become 
necessary  to  strike  an  effective  blow  against  the  labor  system  at 
the  South,  and  as  such  was  fully  sanctioned  by  the  laws  and 
usages  of  nations.     This  proclamation  is  here  given  in  full: 

Whereas,  On  the  23d  day  of  September,  1863,  a  proclamation  was  issued 
by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  containing  among  other  things  the  fol- 
lowing, to  wit: 


112  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

"  That  on  the  1st  day  of  January,  1863,  all  persons  held  as  slaves  within  any 
State,  or  designated  part  of  a  State,  the  people  whereof  shall  then  be  in  rebell- 
ion against  the  United  States,  shall  be  then,  thenceforward  and  forever  free, 
and  the  Executive  Government  of  the  United  States,  including  the  military  and 
naval  authority  thereof,  will  recognize  and  maintain  the  freedom  of  such  per- 
sons, and  will  do  no  act  or  acts  to  repress  such  persons,  or  any  of  them,  in  any 
efforts  they  make  make  for  their  actual  freedom. 

"  That  the  Executive  will,  OQ  the  1st  day  of  January,  aforesaid,  by  proclama" 
tion.  designate  the  States  and  parts  of  States,  if  any,  in  which  the  people 
thereof,  respectively,  shall  then  be  in  rebellion  against  the  United  States,  and 
the  fact  that  any  State,  or  the  people  thereof,  shall  on  that  day  be  in  good  faith 
represented  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  by  members  chosen  thereto,  at 
elections  wherein  a  majority  of  the  qualified  voters  of  such  State  shall  have  par" 
ticipated,  shall,  in  the  absence  of  strong  countervailing  testimony,  be  deemed 
conclusive  evidence  that  such  State  and  the  people  thereof  are  not  then  in 
rebellion  against  the  United  States." 

Now,  therefore,  I,  Abraham  Lincoln,  President  of  the  United  States,  by  vir- 
tue of  the  power  in  me  vested  as  commander  in  chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of 
the  United  States,  in  time  of  actual  armed  rebellion  against  the  authoritj'  and 
Government  of  the  United  States,  and  as  a  fit  and  necessary  war  measure  for 
suppressing  said  rebellion,  do,  on  this  1st  day  of  January,  1863,  and,  in  accordance 
with  my  purpose  so  to  do.  publicly  proclaim  for  the  full  period  of  100  days  from 
the  day  first  above  mentioned,  order  and  designate,  as  tlie  States  and  parts  of 
States  wherein  the  people  thereof,  respectively,  are  this  day  in  rebellion  against 
the  United  States,  the  following,  to  wit: 

Arkansas,  Texas,  Louisiana  (except  the  parishes  of  St.  Bernard,  Plaque- 
mine,  Jefferson,  St.  John,  St.  Charles,  St.  James,  Ascension,  Assumption,  Terre 
Bonne,  Lafourche,  St.  Mary,  St.  ]^Iartin  and  Orleans,  including  the  citj-  of  New 
Orleans),  Mississippi,  Alabama,  Florida,  Georgia,  South  Carolina,  North  Caro- 
lina and  Virginia  (except  the  forty-eight  counties  designated  as  West  Virginia, 
and  also  the  counties  of  Berkley,  Accormac,  Northampton,  Elizabeth  City, 
York,  Princess  Ann  and  Norfolk,  including  the  cities  of  Norfolk  and  Ports- 
mouth), and  which  excepted  parts  are,  for  the  present,  left  precisely  as  if  this 
proclamation  were  not  issued. 

And  by  virtue  of  the  power  and  for  the  purpose  aforesaid  I  do  order  and 
declare  that  all  persons  held  as  slaves  within  said  designated  States  and  parts 
of  States  are  and  henceforward  shall  be  free  ;  and  that  the  Executive  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  including  the  military  and  naval  authorities  thereof, 
will  recognize  and  maintain  the  freedom  of  such  persons. 

And  I  hereby  enjoin  upon  the  people  so  declared  to  be  free,  to  abstain  from 
all  violence,  unless  in  necessary  self-defense,  and  I  recommend  to  them  that  in 
aU  cases,  when  allowed,  they  labor  faithfully  for  reasonable  wages. 

And  I  further  declare  and  make  known,  that  such  persons  of  suitable  con- 
dition will  be  received  into  the  armed  service  of  the  United  States  to  garrison 
forts,  positions,  stations  and  other  places,  and  to  man  vessels  of  all  sorts  in  said 
service. 

And  upon  this  act,  sincerely  believed  to  be  an  act  of  justice,  warranted  by 
the  constitution,  upon  military  necessity,  I  invoke  the  considerate  judgment  of 
mankind  and  the  gracious  favor  of  Almighty  God. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI.  113 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  name,  and  caused  the  seal  of 
the  United  States  to  be  affixed. 

Done  at  the  City  of  Washington,  this  first  day  of  January, 
[l.  8.]  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty- 

three,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  the  eighty- 
seventh.  Abraham  Lincoln. 
By  the  President: 

William  H.  Seward, 

Secretary  of  State. 

As  the  State  of  Missouri  was  loyal  to  the  Union,  and  was  at 
the  time  of  the  proclamation  represented  in  Congress  by  her 
chosen  representatives,  the  provisions  of  that  document  had  no 
effect  upon  slavery  within  her  borders.  As  has  been  seen,  the 
people  of  the  State,  throiigh  their  legislators  and  their  State 
convention  ordinances  had  adopted  emancipation,  but  that  action 
was  superseded  by  the  Thirteenth  Amendment  to  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  United  States,  which  was  ratified  by  thirty-three 
States,  including  Missouri,  ratified  conditionally  by  Alabama  and 
Mississippi,  and  rejected  only  by  Delaware  and  Kentucky.  As 
the  permission  of  three-fourths  of  the  States  was  all  that  was 
necessary  for  the  adoption  of  the  amendment,  it  was  declared  in 
force  by  President  Johnson  in  1865,  although  Lincoln  himself 
lived  to  see  it  proposed.     It  is  as  follows : 

ARTICLE  XIII. 

Section  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a  punish- 
ment for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  shall  exist 
within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to  their  jurisdiction. 

Sec.  3.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate 
legislation. 

Thus,  after  an  existence  of  more  than  two  hundred  and  forty 
years,  the  institution  of  African  slavery  in  the  United  States  was 
swept  away.  Although  it  was  the  purpose  of  the  general  Gov- 
ernment to  discriminate  carefully  between  Union  and  non-Uuion 
slave  holders,  and  to  sufficiently  indemnify  the  former  class 
against  all  losses  occasioned  by  the  freeing  of  their  slaves,  yet  in 
many  cases  loyal  men  were  ruined  financially  in  this  great  over- 
throw of  Southern  institutions,  and  all  classes  suffered  together. 

CAMPAIGN  OF  1861. BOONVILLE. 

Jackson  and  Price  had  collected,  at  Boonville,  a  military 
force   of  from  3,000    to    4,000    men.     This    force    was    poorly 


114  HISTORY    OF    MISSOURI. 

armed,  possessed  of  but  a  single  piece  of  artillery,  undisciplined, 
and  deficient  in  organization  and  competent  officers,  yet  tbey 
were  eager  to  meet  the  troops,  which  under  command  of  Lyon 
and  Blair  were  coming  up  the  river  to  attack  them.  On  the  eve 
of  battle.  Price  was  taken  seriously  ill,  and  was  obliged  to  go 
home;  therefore  the  Confedei'ates  marched  under  command  of 
Col.  John  S.  Marmaduke,  to  meet  the  advancins  column  of  Lyon's 
forces.  The  latter  had  disembarked  at  Kocheport,  and  were  ad- 
vancing with  six  pieces  of  artillery  in  the  direction  of  Boonville, 
when  they  encountered  the  State  troops  about  midway  between 
the  two  places.  Capt.  Totten,  of  the  Unionists,  opened  the  en- 
gagement by  throwing  a  few  nine-pounder  explosives  into  the 
State  ranks,  while  the  infanti-y  of  the  former  filed  obliquely,  right 
and  left,  and  commenced  a  terrific  volley  of  musketry,  which  was 
at  first  vigorously  returned.  Col.  Marmaduke  was  stationed 
in  a  lane,  leading  toward  the  river  from  the  road  by  which  the 
United  States  troops  were  advancing,  and  in  a  brick  house 
on  the  northeast  corner  of  the  two  roads.  A  couple  of  shells  were 
thrown  into  the  house,  dispersing  the  State  troops  in  great  con- 
fusion. This,  together  with  the  well-directed  fire  of  the  infantry 
from  the  right  and  left,  soon  forced  Col.  Marmaduke's  men  to 
fall  back,  but  they  again  formed  in  line  of  battle,  and  advanced 
a  few  feet  to  meet  the  Union  forces.  The  cannon  were  now 
brought  into  requisition,  and  the  State  troops  opened  a  galling 
musketry  fire  fi'om  a  grove  on  the  left  of  Lyon's  center,  and' from 
a  shed  still  further  to  the  left. 

The  skirmish  now  became  a  battle.  Lyon's  force  yas  2,000 
in  all,  but  not  more  than  500  were  at  any  one  time  engaged.  There 
were  1,500  of  the  State  troops,  but  neither  were  they  all  continu- 
ally in  the  conflict.  Lyon  brought  his  artillery  tp  bear  with 
deadly  effect,  and  a  forward  movement  on  the  right  decided  the 
engagement,  the  State  forces  retreating  in  great  disorder.  Such 
was  the  confusion  of  this  retreat  that  this  battle  is  often  jocularly 
styled  "  the  Bo.onville  Races.  " 

The  Federal  forces  took  possession  of  "Camp  Vest"  and  the 
city  of  Boonville.  At  the  former  there  were  found  twenty  or 
thirty  tents,  fifty  guns,  a  large  number  of  shoes  and  other  cloth- 
ing, a  quantity  of  blankets  and  ammunition  and  two  secession 
flags. 


i 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  115 

CAKTHAGE. 

Tlie  lead  mines  in  the  southwest  part  of  the  State  became 
an  object  of  great  importance  to  the  Confederate  Government, 
which,  hoping  to  secure  them,  dispatched  large  bodies  of 
troops  from  Arkansas  and  Texas.  On  July  5,  a  scouting  party, 
sent  out  by  Col.  Franz  Sigel,  encountered,  about  two  miles  from 
Carthage,  a  picket  guard  of  the  State  troops,  who  were  taken 
prisoners.  As  soon  as  possible  Col.  Sigel  prepared  to  advance, 
expecting  to  find  the  State  troops  some  distance  west  of  the  town. 
About  half-past  9  o'clock  the  armies  met  in  an  open  prairie, 
seven  miles  beyond  Carthage.  The  State  forces  numbered  per- 
haps 5,000  men,  mostly  cavalry,  but  had  a  battery  of  five  cannon. 
Col.  Sigel's  command  comprised  his  own  regiment  of  two  bat- 
talions, and  Col.  Salomon's  detached  regiment,  with  several 
pieces  of  artillery,  under  command  of  Maj.  Backoff.  Col.  Sigel's 
and  Col.  Salomon's  men  numbered  together  1,100.  Gens.  Par- 
sons and  Rains  were  in  command  of  the  State  troops.  Maj. 
Backoff,  by  direction  of  Col.  Sigel,  opened  fire,  and  in  less  than 
two  hours  the  battery  of  the  opposing  forces  was  silenced.  The 
superior  arms  of  the  Federals  enabled  them  to  maintain  a  siti^a- 
tion  of  comparatively  little  danger.  The  State  ranks  were  twice 
broken,  but  rallied,  and  held  their  position  until  their  guns  gave 
out,  when  their  column  was  again  broken. 

At  this  time  a  large  body  of  the  Confederate  cavalry  was 
sent  back  to  cut  off  Sigel's  transportation  train.  Seeing  this 
movement,  he  ordered  a  retreat,  and  sent  word  for  the  wagons  to 
advance  as  quickly  as  possible.  By  keeping  up  an  incessant  fire 
with  the  infantry,  and  using  the  artillery  whenever  practicable, 
Sigel  managed  to  retard  the  advance  of  the  cavalry,  and  to  fall 
back  in  good  order,  some  three  and  a  half  miles,  t6  the  baggage 
train.  The  wagons  were  then  placed  in  the  center  of  the  column 
in  such  a  manner  that  there  were  artillery  and  infantry  forces 
both  in  front  and  rear.  At  this  the  State  forces  retreated,  and 
attempted  to  siirround  the  entire  column,  taking  a  position  upon 
some  bluffs  overlooking  a  creek.  There  was  but  one  road  across 
this  stream,  and,  to  change  his  position  without  further  retreat, 
it  was  necessary  for  Sigel  to  cross  the  hill  where  the  State  cav- 
alry were  mainly  stationed. 


116  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

Maj.  Backoff  ordered  two  of  the  artillery  pieces  in  front  to 
oblique  to  the  left,  and  two  to  the  right,  and  at  the  same  time  a 
corresponding  moYement  was  made  from  Sigel's  battalion.  This 
maneuver  led  the  State  troops  into  the  belief  that  the  Federals 
were  seeking  to  outflank  their  cavalry.  Accordingly  the  forces 
on  the  bluffs  closed  up  to  the  right  and  left,  when,  on  reaching 
a  point  300  yards  from  them.  Backoff's  artillery  was  ordered  to 
transverse  oblique,  and  immediately  opened  a  terrible  cross-fire 
with  cannister.  At  the  same  time  the  Federal  infantry  charged 
at  double  quick,  and  in  ten  minutes  the  State  troops  were  dis- 
persed in  every  direction. 

This  engagement,  with  the  maneuvering,  occupied  about  two 
hours.  The  State  cavalry  were  poorly  ai'med  and  mounted,  and 
having  no  cannon  on  the  bluffs  could  make  but  little  resistance  to 
the  attacks  of  Col.  Sigel.  Forty-five  men  and  eighty  horses  were 
taken  by  the  Federals,  also  a  quantity  of  double-barreled  shot- 
guns and  some  revolvers  and  bowie-knives.  The  loss  of  the 
State  troops  was  estimated  at  250  or  300  men.  However  these 
forces  still  prevented  Sigel's  advance  over  the  creek,  and  that 
officer  was  compelled  to  retreat  in  the  direction  of  Carthage,  the 
State  troops  following  and  surrounding  the  column  on  three 
sides,  although  kept  at  a  distance  by  the  infantry  fire. 

Sigel's  command  reached  Carthage  at  half  past  six  o'clock,  and 
at  once  attempted  to  enter  the  woods  about  a  mile  distant.  This 
movement  the  State  cavalry  resisted,  knowing  that  they  could 
do  nothing  in  the  timber.  An  effort  to  rally  the  cavalry  to  a 
charge  was  made,  which  brought  the  whole  of  Sigel's  infantry 
into  action.  After  some  hard  fighting  that  officer  got  his  men 
into  the  woods  and  forced  the  State  troops  to  relinquish  the  pui"- 
suit.  The  latter  returned  to  Carthage  intending  to  renew  the 
battle  in  the  morning.  In  this  last  engagement  the  State 
troops  lost  ten  killed  and  sixty-four  wounded.  The  dispatchers 
of  Col.  Sigel  placed  his  loss  during  the  whole  day  at  thirteen 
killed  and  thirty-one  wounded. 

Notwithstanding  the  terrible  fatigue  of  the  day — his  men 
having  been  in  action  nearly  twelve  hours — Sigel  continued 
his  retreat.  A  forced  march  was  made  to  Sarcoxie,  in  the  south- 
east-corner of  the  county  (Jasper),  a  distance  of  twelve  or  four- 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  117 

teen  miles.  There  the  Federal  troops  went  into  camp  at  3  o'clock 
in  the  morning.  On  the  following  afternoon  the  retreat  was  con- 
tinued to  Mount  Vernon,  Lawrence  County,  where,  for  a  time, 
Sigel  established  his  headquarters. 

THE    WESTERN    DEPARTMENT. 

On  July  3,  1861,  the  Western  Department  was  created,  com- 
prising Illinois  and  the  States  and  Territories  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi and  east  of  the  Eocky  Mountains,  including  New  Mexico. 
The  headquarters  of  this  department  were  at  St.  Louis,  where, 
previous  to  its  establishment,  Gen.  Harney,  and,  afterward,  Gen. 
Lyon,  were  in  command.  Gen.  John  C.  Fremont,  who  was  a  son- 
in-law  of  Senator  Benton,  and  had  been  a  candidate  for  the  pres- 
idency in  1856,  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  new  depart- 
ment, and  assumed  the  duties  of  his  office  on  the  26th  of  July. 

The  authorities  at  Washington,  perplexed  by  the  disastrous 
defeat  at  Bull  Eun,  were  so  absorbed  with  the  defenses  of  the 
National  Capital,  and  with  military  operations  at  the  East,  as  to 
be  unable  to  give  necessary  aid  to  the  Western  Department. 
Fremont  finally  obtained  $100,000  from  the  National  sub-treas- 
urer at  St.  Louis,  with  which  he  proceeded  to  secure  the  re-enlist- 
ment of  many  of  the  three  months'  men,  whose  tei'ms  had  expired, 
and  to  fortify  the  city  against  any  probable  attack.  Harassed  by 
a  lack  of  resources,  Fremont  was  soon  placed  in  a  dilemma,  oc- 
casioned by  the  exigencies  of  the  campaign  in  Missouri.  The 
Confederate  general.  Pillow,  was  reported  to  be  advancing 
with  a  large  number  of  troops  against  Cairo  and  Bird's  Point, 
while  Gen.  Hardee  was  pushing  into  the  interior  of  Missouri  to 
annoy  Gen.  Lyon's  flank  and  rear.  In  addition  to  all  this,  Lieut.- 
Gov.  Eeynolds,  Gov.  Jackson  being  temporarily  absent,  elated 
with  the  Confederate  victory  at  Bull  Eun,  issued  a  proclamation 
to  the  people  of  Missouri,  in  which  he  alluded  to  the  State  con- 
vention as  merely  a  tool  in  the  hands  of  their  enemies,  assured 
them  that  peace  and  security  could  only  be  obtained  through 
union  with  the  South,  and  called  upon  them  to  rally  as  one  man 
to  the  standard  of  the  State,  and  aid  Gen.  Pillow  in  expelling  the 
invader  from  their  borders. 

In  view  of  this  variety  of  changes,   Gen.  Fremont  decided  to 


118  HISTOEY    OF     MISSOURI. 

secure  Bird's  Point  against  the  attack  of  Gen.  Pillow,  but  upon 
sending  an  expedition  to  that  place,  found  that  the  menace  against 
it  was  merely  intended  as  a  diversion. 

Meanwhile,  after  the  battle  of  Boonyille,  Gen.  Lyon,  with  a 
force  of  nearly  3,000  men,  four  pieces  of  artillery  and  a  long  bag- 
gage train,  left  that  place,  and  followed  in  pursuit  of  the  State 
troops,  who  were  reported  to  have  fled  to  Syracuse  and  beyond. 
At  Grand  River,  a  branch  of  the  Osage,  in  Henry  County,  he 
was  reinforced  by  3,000  Kansas  troops  under  command  of  Maj. 
S.  D.  Sturgis.  When  within  eighty  miles  of  Springfield,  Lyon 
heard  of  Sigel's  battle  at  Carthage  and  determined  to  change  his 
course  and  march  to  his  relief.  Notwithstanding  the  intensely 
hot  weather,  and  the  fatigue  of  his  infantry,  early  on  the  morn- 
ing of  July  10  Lyon's  army  moved  from  their  encampment  and 
forced  their  way  among  the  hills,  gorges  and  forests  that  lay  in 
their  path.  After  they  had  proceeded  fifty  miles,  a  messenger 
from  Sigel  brought  definite  information  of  the  desperate  en- 
counter at  Carthage,  and  that  Sigel's  little  army  was  now  at 
Springfield.  Therefore  Lyon,  marching  more  leisurely,  accom- 
plished the  remaining  thirty  miles  of  the  journey  in  two  days. 

Encamped  near  Springfield,  he  now  prepared  to  meet  the 
enemy  who  were  his  superior  in  numbers  and  constantly  increas- 
ing. It  was  now  that  he  repeatedly  called  upon  Gen.  Fremont 
for  those  reinforcements  which  the  latter  failed  to  supply. 

Near  the  close  of  July,  Gen.  Lyon  was  informed  of  the  con- 
centration of  the  Confederate  forces  at  Cassville,  and  of  their  de- 
sign of  attacking  his  camp.  Therefore,  although  their  numbers 
were  much  greater  than  those  of  his  army,  he  determined  to  an- 
ticipate their  attack  by  an  advance  of  his  own  troops.  Late  on 
the  afternoon  of  August  1,  his  entire  army,  consisting  of  5,500 
foot,  400  horse  and  18  guns,  moved  toward  Cassville  and  biv- 
ouacked that  night  on  Cave  Creek,  ten  miles  south  of  Springfield. 
The  next  morning  they  marched  to  Dug  Springs,  in  Stone 
County,  nineteen  miles  southwest  of  Springfield.  Here  they  en- 
countered and  defeated  a  body  of  Confederates  under  Gen.  Rains. 

Wilson's  creek. 
On  August  6,  Gen.   Lyon  returned  with  his  army  to  Spring- 
field.    The  entire  Confederate  force  was  now  concentrated  near 


HISTOBY    OF     MISSOURI.  119 

Crane  Creek,  in  the  northern  part  of  Stone  County.  Believing 
that  Lyon's  army  was  much  larger  than  their  own,  a  disagree- 
ment arose  between  Price  and  McCuUoch  as  to  the  expediency 
of  an  advance  toward  Springfield,  the  former  counseling  a  for- 
ward, and  the  latter  a  retrograde  movement.  Finally  an  order 
was  received  from  Maj.-Gen.  Polk,  ordering  an  advance  upon 
Lyon.  A  council  was  at  once  held,  in  which  McCulloch  expressed 
his  willingness  to  march  upon  Springfield,  provided  he  were 
granted  the  chief  command.  Price,  to  whom  that  distinction, 
perhaps,  rightfully  belonged,  consented  to  the  terms  of  McCul- 
loch, hoping  that  Lyon  might  be  defeated,  and  driven  from  the 
State.  A  little  after  midnight  on  Sunday,  August  4-,  they  took 
up  the  line  of  march,  and  reached  Wilson's  Creek,  ten  miles 
southwest  of  Springfield,  on  the  9th.  Here  they  encamped, 
determining  at  9  o'clock  that  night  to  march  in  four  separate 
columns  against  Springfield,  surround  the  place,  and  begin  a 
simultaneous  attack  at  daybreak.  A  threatened  storm  caused 
Gen.  McCulloch  to  countermand  his  order,  and  morning  found 
his  entire  army,  consisting  of  5,300  infantry,  fifteen  guns,  and 
6,000  cavalry,  besides  a  large  number  of  unarmed  horsemen, 
encamped  upon  the  field.  But  the  night  was  neither  too  dark 
nor  stormy  for  Gen.  Lyon.  At  5  o'clock  P.  M.  of  August  9, 
he  marched  in  two  columns  from  Springfield,  making  a  detour 
to  the  right,  and  notwithstanding  the  darkness  and  storm  at 
1  o'clock  found  himself  within  sight  of  the  Confederate  guard 
fires,  Hei-e  he  called  a  halt,  and  his  soldiers  lay  on  their  arms 
until  dawn,  when  they  formed  in  battle  line  and  advanced. 
Lyon's  effective  force  was  5,200  men,  including  infantry  and 
cavalry,  and  three  batteries  of  sixteen  guns.  The  two  columns 
of  the  Federal  army  were  commanded  by  Lyon  and  Sigel,  and 
their  early  attack  was  a  complete  surprise  to  the  Confederates, 
McCulloch,  trusting  for  security  to  the  darkness  and  storm, 
having  withdrawn  his  advanced  pickets. 

The  Federal  forces  in  command  of  Lyon  formed  a  line  of 
battle  at  daybreak,  closely  followed  by  Totten's  battery,  supported 
by  a  strong  reserve,  and  with  skirmishers  thrown  out  in  front. 
After  driving  in  the  enemy's  outposts,  a  ravine  was  crossed  and 
a  high  ridge  gained,  when  a  large  force  of  the  Confederate  skir- 


120  HISTORY    OF    MIS80UEI. 

mishers  came  in  view.  Very  severe  iighting  ensued,  and  it  be- 
came evident  that  Lyon's  column  ■would  soon  reach  the  strong- 
hold, where  the  main  battle  would  take  place.  A  few  shells 
cleared  the  front,  and  the  First  Missouri  and  First  Kansas  moved 
forward,  supported  by  the  First  Iowa  and  Totten's  battery.  The 
Second  Kansas,  Gapt.  Steele's  battalion  and  Lieut.  Dubois'  bat- 
tery, were  held  in  reserve,  so  as  to  bear  upon  a  powerful  bat- 
tery of  the  enemy,  which  was  statione'd  in  front,  on  the  opposite 
side  of  Wilson's  Creek.  The  Confederates  now  rallied  in  large 
force  near  the  foot  of  the  slope,  opposite  Lyon's  left  wing,  and 
along  the  slope  in  his  front  and  to  his  right.  During  this  time, 
Capt.  Plummer,  with  four  companies  of  infantry,  had  moved 
down  a  ridge  a  few  hundred  yards  to  Lyon"s  left,  and  found  at  its 
terminus  a  large  body  of  the  enemy's  infantry,  which  arrested 
further  progress  in  that  direction.  Directly  artillery  firing  was 
begun  at  the  point,  about  two  miles  distant,  where  it  was  expected 
that  Sigel's  column  would  encounter  the  enemy. 

Lvon's  whole  line  now  moved  with  great  impetuosity  toward 
the  Confederate  position ;  and  the  roar  of  musketry  increased  and 
became  continuous.  Totten's  battery  came  into  action,  as  the 
nature  of  the  ground  would  permit,  and  made  great  havoc  in  the 
opposing  ranks.  After  half  an  hour's  fierce  fighting  the  Con- 
federates retired  in  great  confusion,  leaving  Gen.  Lyon  in  pos- 
session of  the  field.  Meanwhile,  Capt.  Plummer  had  been  com- 
pelled to  fall  back,  but  Lieut.  Dubois'  battery,  supported  by  Capt, 
Steele's  battalion,  opened  upon  the  enemy  in  that  direction,  and 
soon  drove  them  from  the  cornfield,  where  they  had  intrenched 
themselves.  There  was  now  a  momentary  cessation  of  firing 
along  the  whole  line,  except  on  the  right,  where  the  First  Mis- 
souri was  still  engaged  against  superior  numbers.  The  Second 
Kansas  was  ordered  to  the  support  of  this  regiment,  which  must 
otherwise  have  been  destroyed  while  unflinchingly  holding  its 
position.  During  this  time  Capt.  Steele's  battalion,  which  had 
been  detailed  to  the  support  of  Dubois'  battery,  was  brought  for- 
ward to  the  support  of  Totten's,  and  soon  the  Confederate  force 
reappeared  along  Lyon's  entire  front,  marching  toward  each  flank. 
The  battle  again  began  with  great  fury,  and  became  general  along 
the  whole  line.     The  ranks  of  the  opposing  sides  were  sometimes 


HISTOKY    OF     MISSOURI.  121 

within  thirty  or  forty  yards  of  each  other,  when  charges  upon 
Totteu's  battery  were  made.  For  more  that  an  hour  the  conflict 
was  carried  on  with  great  slaughter  on  both  sides,  and  so  equally 
balanced  were  the  opposing  forces  that  neither  were  gaining  any 
decisive  advantage. 

Early  in  this  desperate  engagement.  Gen.  Lyon's  horse  was 
killed,  and  he  himself  received  a  wound  in  the  leg  and  one  in  the 
head.  He  thea  mounted  another  horse,  and,  swinging  his  hat, 
called  upon  the  nearest  troops  to  follow  him.  The  Second  Kan- 
sas gallantly  responded,  but  their  commander,  Col.  Mitchell,  soon 
fell  severely  wounded,  and,  at  about  the  same  time.  Gen.  Lyon 
received  a  mortal  wound  in  or  near  the  heart.  Maj.  Sturgis 
then  succeeded  to  the  command.  The  Confederates  had  been 
driven  back,  and  for  twenty  minutes  there  was  a  lull  in  the 
battle,  during  which  Sturgis  summoned  his  officers  for  a  consul- 
tation. Lyon's  column  had  been  dreadfully  shattered,  and  the 
leader  killed.  For  nearly  thirty  hours  the  men  had  been  with- 
out water,  and  a  supply  could  not  be  had  short  of  Springfield, 
which  was  ten  or  twelve  miles  away.  Their  ammunition  was 
nearly  gone,  and  should  they,  by  slackening  fii-e,  reveal  this  fact 
to  the  enemy,  annihilation  seemed  inevitable. 

Sigel,  meanwhile,  had  not  been  heard  from ;  but  the  consul- 
tation of  officers  was  soon  brought  to  a  close  by  the  advance 
of  a  heavy  column  from  the  direction  whence  Sigel's  guns  had 
been  at  first  heard.  These  troops  carried  a  banner  resembling 
the  American  flag,  and  their  dress  resembled  that  of  Sigel's 
brigade.  Hoping  to  effect  a  junction  with  that  officer,  Sturgis 
formed  his  line  for  an  advance.  Suddenly  from  a  hill  in  Stur- 
gis front  a  battery  began  to  pour  into  his  line  shrapnel  and 
cannister,  and  at  this  moment  the  on-coming  Confederate  forces, 
for  such  they  were,  displayed  their  true  colors,  and  the  fiercest 
engagement  of  the  day  immediately  commenced  along  the  en- 
tire Union  lines.  Totten's  battery,  in  the  center,  supported  by 
the  Iowa  and  regular  troops,  was  the  main  object  of  attack. 
The  Confederates  were  often  within  twenty  feet  of  the  battery, 
and  the  smoke  of  the  opposing  lines  was  so  intermingled  as 
to  appear  made  by  the  same  guns.  Notwithstanding  the  com- 
plete rout  of  the  Confederate  front,  they  continued  to  hold  the 


122  HISTOBY    OF    MISSOUEI. 

field.  Finally,  therefore,  the  Federal  forces  were  ordered  to 
retreat.  They  moved  slowly  to  the  open  prairie,  about  two  miles 
from  the  battlefield,  and  thence  to  Springfield,  which  they 
reached  at  5  o'clock  that  afternoon.  Their  total  loss  was  223 
killed,  721  wounded,  and  292  missing. 

Sigel's  column,  in  the  meantime,  had  marched  within  a  mile 
of  McCulloch's  camp  at  daybreak,  and  planted  four  pieces  of 
artillery  on  the  left,  the  infantry  advancing  toward  the  point 
where  the  Fayetteville  road  crosses  Wilson's  Creek,  and  the  two 
cavalry  companies  guarding  his  right  and  left.  His  artillery  fire 
was  so  destructive  that  the  enemy  were  soon  driven  from  their 
tents,  and  retired  toward  the  northeast  part  of  the  valley.  The 
Third  and  Fifth  Missouri  Infantry  (Union)  had  passed  the  creek, 
and  formed  almost  in  the  center  of  the  camp.  As  the  enemy 
were  now  rallying  in  front,  Sigel  ordered  the  artillery  to  be 
brought  forward  and  formed  in  battery 'across  the  valley,  with  the 
Third  and  Fifth  to  the  left,  and  the  cavalry  to  the  right.  At 
the  end  of  half  an  hour  the  enemy  retreated  into  the  woods  and 
up  the  adjoining  hills.  By  the  firing  in  the  direction  of  Gen. 
Lyon's  column,  it  now  became  evident  that  he  had  engaged  the 
enemy  along  the  whole  line;  therefore,  to  give  him  the  greatest 
possible  assistance,  Sigel  left  his  position  in  the  camp  and  ad- 
vanced to  attack  the  enemy's  line  of  battle  in  the  rear.  In  pur- 
suance of  this  design,  Sigel's  column  struck  the  Fayetteville  road, 
and,  following  it  to  Sharpe's  farm,  planted  his  artillery  on  the 
plateau,  and  the  two  infantry  regiments  on  the  right  and  left, 
across  the  road,  while  the  cavalry  was  stationed  on  its  flanks. 
The  firing  in  the  direction  of  Lyon's  column  had  then  almost 
entirely  ceased.  Supposing  that  Lyon  had  repulsed  the  Confed- 
erates, and  that  his  forces  were  coming  up  the  road,  the  com- 
manders of  the  Third  and  Fifth  Regiments  gave  orders  not  to 
fire  upon  troops  advancing  from  that  direction.  \erj  unexpect- 
edly, two  Confederate  batteries  opened  fire  upon  them,  one  in 
front  on  the  Fayetteville  road,  and  the  other  from  the  hill,  where 
it  was  supposed  Lyon's  forces  were  victorious,  while  a  strong 
column  of  infantry,  mistaken  for  the  Iowa  regiment,  advanced 
from  the  Fayetteville  road  and  attacked  Sigel's  right.  Conster- 
nation   and  frightful  confusion    at  once   ensued.     Sigel's   men. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  123 

thinking  tliat  by  some  mistake  Lyon's  troops  were  firing  upon 
them,  could  hardly  be  induced  to  serve  their  guns  until  it  was 
too  late.  The  Confederates  arrived  within  a  few  paces  of 
Sigel's  cannon,  killed  the  horses,  turned  the  flanks  of  the  infantry, 
and  forced  them  to  fly.  In  this  retreat  Sigel  lost  five  cannons,  of 
which  three  were  spiked,  and  the  colors  of  the  Third  Regiment. 
The  total  Federal  loss  was  258  killed,  873  wounded,  and  186 
missing;  in  all,  1,317.  The  Confederate  loss  was  279  killed, 
951  wounded,  and  68  prisoners;  total,  1,298.  Upon  the  arrival 
of  the  shattered  Federal  forces  at  Springfield,  the  command  of 
the  whole  was  entrusted  to  Col.  Sigel,  who  ordered  a  retreat  to 
Rolla,  Phelps  County,  125  miles  distant.  The  retreating  army 
reached  this  place,  August  19,  having  safely  conducted  a  govern- 
ment train  five  miles  in  length,  and  valued  at  $1,500,000. 

After  the  Federal  defeat  at  Wilson's  Creek,  Gov.  Gamble 
issued  a  proclamation  calling  into  service  42,000  of  the  State 
militia  to  serve  for  six  months,  unless  peace  in  the  State  should 
be  sooner  restored. 

MARTIAL  LAW  DECLARED. 

Gen.  Fremont,  on  the  30th  of  August,  inaugurated  a  new 
remedy  for  the  lawlessness  which  prevailed,  and  the  almost  abso- 
lute impotence  of  the  civil  authority.  He  declared  martial  law 
and  appointed  J.  McKinstry,  major  United  States  army,  provost- 
marshal-general  of  the  State. 

CAPTURE  OF  LEXINGTON. 

Contrary  to  the  expectations  of  both  armies,  McCuUoch  and 
Price  failed  to  pursue  their  victory  at  Wilson's  Creek  by  follow- 
ing Sigel  in  his  retreat  to  Eolla,  and  McCulloch  soon  left  Mis- 
souri with  all  his  forces.  Taking  advantage  of  the  favorable 
impression  made  upon  the  people  by  his  success.  Gen.  Price 
issued  a  proclamation  in  which  he  declared  that  his  army  had 
been  organized  for  the  maintenance  of  the  rights,  dignity  and 
honor  of  Missouri,  and  was  kept  in  the  field  for  these  purposes 
alone.  The  citizens  of  the  State  now  flocked  to  his  standard  in 
considerable  numbers,  and  in  a  few  weeks  he  had  collected  a 
large  force.  He  now  pressed  northward  across  the  State  to  Lex- 
ington, on  the  Missouri  River.     This  place  was  defended   by  a 


124  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

force  of  Federals,  2,600  strong,  commanded  by  Col.  Mulligan. 
In  anticipation  of  an  attack,  intrenchments  had  been  thrown  upon 
Masonic  College  Hill,  an  eminence  overlooking  the  Missouri 
River.  Mulligan's  fortifications  were  most  skillfully  planned, 
but  his  men  had  only  about  forty  rounds  of  ammunition  each, 
six  small  brass  cannon  and  two  howitzers,  the  latter  of  which 
were  useless  because  of  the  lack  of  shells.  At  dawn  of  Septem- 
ber 12,  Gen.  Price  drove  in  the  Union  pickets,  and,  from  a 
position  within  easy  range  of  Mulligan's  intrenchments,  opened 
a  cannonade  from  four  different  points.  The  assault  and  defense 
were  kept  up  during  the  entire  day,  when  Price  withdi'ew  to 
await  the  arrival  of  his  wagon  train  and  reinforcements.  Mulli- 
gan's men  worked  night  and  day  to  strengthen  their  fortifications, 
and  anxiously  expected  reinforcements,  for  which  a  courier  had 
been  dispatched  to  Jefferson  City.  This  messenger  was  cap- 
tured on  the  way  and,  of  course,  no  relief  came. 

On  the  morniug  of  the  18th  Gen.  Price,  who  had  been  rein- 
forced, and  now  had  from  15,000  to  25,000  men,  began  a  final 
attack  upon  Mulligan's  works,  cutting  off  the  communication  of 
the  beleaguered  garrison  with  the  city,  stopping  their  supply  of 
water,  seizing  a  steamboat  laden  with  stores,  and  occupying  a 
building  which  commanded  the  position  of  the  Union  forces. 
A  most  stubborn  defense  was  made,  which  continued  for  fifty- 
two  hours.  Dui-ing  the  afternoon  of  the  20th  Gen.  Price  pro- 
cured numerous  bales  of  hemp,  and  with  these,  wetted  to  resist 
hot  shot,  he  caused  movable  breastworks  to  be  constructed,  be- 
hind which  a  large  body  of  the  Confederates  advanced  within  ten 
rods  of  Mulligan's  works.  The  latter  officer  saw  that  further 
resistance  was  madness.  To  retreat  was  impossible.  His  men 
had  no  water  except  that  which  had  been  caught  in  blankets 
during  a  passing  shower,  and  afterward  wrung  out;  and  the 
stench  from  the  carcasses  of  horses  and  mules  killed  within  the 
intrenchments  was  insufferable.  Accordingly  the  white  flag  was 
raised,  and  the  siege  of  Lexington  was  ended.  The  men  laid 
down  their  arms  and  became  prisoners  of  war.  As  the  fruits  of 
this  victory  there  fell  into  the  hands  of  Gen.  Price  six  cannon, 
two  mortars,  over  3,000  stand  of  infantry  arms,  a  large  number 
of  sabers,   about   750  horses,    wagons,   teams,   ammunition,   and 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI.  125 

$100,000  worth  of  commissary  stores.  On  the  Union  side  40 
men  were  killed  and  120  wounded.  The  Confederate  loss  was  20 
killed  and  65  wounded. 

FREMONT    IN    THE    FIELD. 

Gen.  Fremont,  deeply  chagrined  at  the  Federal  reverses,  and 
fearing  that  Gen.  Price  would  advance  upon  the  State  capital,  or 
intrench  himself  at  some  central  point  upon  the  Missouri  River, 
determined  to  take  the  field  in  person,  with  the  hope  of  defeating 
Price  before  MeCulloch,  who  had  been  recruiting  troops  in 
Arkansas,  could  return  to  his  aid.  With  this  intention  he  di- 
rected toward  Southwestern  Missouri  an  army  of  more  than 
20,000  men,  arranged  in  five  divisions,  under  command  of  Gens. 
Hunter,  Pope,  Sigel,  McKinstry  and  Asboth.  These  troops  were 
accompanied  by  eighty-six  pieces  of  artillery,  many  of  which  were 
rifle  cannon.  On  the  28th  of  September  Fremont,  with  his  fa- 
mous body-guard,  commanded  by  Maj.  Zagonyi,  a  Hungarian, 
reached  Jefferson  City,  and  commenced  vigorous  measures  to 
overturn  the  plans  of  Gen.  Price,  and  drive  him  fi'om  the  State. 
On  the  30th  of  the  month  Price  abandoned  Lexington,  leaving  a 
small  force  of  500  men  to  guard  such  prisoners  as  had  not  been 
paroled.  On  the  16th  of  October  Maj.  White,  with  his  "Prairie 
Scouts,"  consisting  of  185  cavalry  men,  surprised  this  garrison 
releasing  the  Union  prisoners,  capturing  seventy  of  the  Confed- 
erates, and  dispersing  the  rest.  He  then  rejoined  Fremont's 
army. 

SPRINGFIELD. 

Maj.  White  was  now  ordered  by  Gen.  Sigel  to  reconnoiter 
near  Springfield,  and  if  advisable  to  attack  the  Confederate  force 
in  camp  there.  The  major  was  seriously  ill  at  the  time,  but  im- 
mediately set  his  command  in  motion,  accompanying  them  in  a 
carriage. 

On  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  October  24,  he  was  over- 
taken by  Maj.  Zagonyi,  with  the  "  body  guard,  "  and  he,  under 
orders  from  Fremont,  took  command  of  the  combined  force.  The 
Confederates,  mostly  cavalry,  and  numbering  something  more 
than  1,000,  were  encamped  about  a  mile  west  of  Springfield,  on 
the  Mount  Vernon  road,  and  were  under  command  of  Lieut. -Col. 


126  HISTOBT   OF    MISSOUBI. 

Cloud.  The  attack  of  Zagonyi  proved  a  complete  surprise. 
His  men  dashed  down  a  lane  under  fire  of  the  enemy,  who  had 
hastily  formed  a  line  along  its  north  side.  At  this  first  onset  a 
large  number  of  the  Confederates  ran  in  every  direction,  but  the 
remainder  stood  their  ground.  The  Union  soldiers  swept  past 
the  Confederate  camp,  demolished  a  rail  fence,  entered  the  field 
where  the  enemy  then  were,  and  formed  in  line  in  a  ravine  about 
200  yards  away.  They  again  charged  with  drawn  sabers,  but 
were  repulsed  with  considerable  loss.  Falling  back  to  the  ravine 
they  repeated  the  charge  a  second  and  third  time  with  a  like  re- 
sult. The  Union  loss  in  the  engagement  was  Zagonyi's  "  body 
guard,"  15  killed,  27  wounded  and  10  taken  prisoners — 52 ;  White's 
"Prairie  Scouts"    killed,  wounded  and  prisoners,  33;  total  85. 

After  the  engagement  the  Confederates  withdrew  to  Price's 
headquarters  at  Neosho,  and  Zagonyi  also  fell  back  until  he  met 
Sigel's  advance. 

Gen.  Fremont  was  just  upon  the  eve  of  an  attack  upon  Price, 
who,  it  was  reported,  reinforced  by  McCulloch,  was  moving  on 
Springfield  with  40,000  men,  when  he  was  superseded  by  Gen. 
Hunter.  The  latter,  after  reti-eating  to  St.  Louis,  was  in  turn 
superseded  by  Gen.  Halleck  on  the  18th  of  November. 

BELMONT. 

The'only  remaining  movement  of  importance  was  at  Belmont 
on  the  Mississippi. 

The  Confederate  general,  Polk,  acting  under  orders  of  his 
government,  had,  notwithstanding  that  State's  neutrality,  entered 
Kentucky  with  an  army,  and  had  captured  the  town  of  Columbus. 
Batteries  planted  here  commanded  the  Mississippi.  The  Con- 
federates gathered  in  force  at  Belmont,  on  the  opposite  bank. 
In  order  to  dislodge  them.  Gen.  Fremont  sent  Gen.  Ulysses  S. 
Grant,  with  a  brigade  of  3,000  Illinois  and  Iowa  troops,  into 
Missouri  by  way  of  Cairo,  On  the  7th  of  November,  Grant  made 
a  vigorous  and  successful  attack  on  the  Confederate  camp,  but 
Gen.  Polk  sent  reinforcements  across  the  river,  the  guns  of 
Columbus  were  brought  to  bear  on  the  Union  position,  and  Grant 
was  obliged  to  retreat.  The  total  loss  on  the  Federal  side  was 
108  killed,  353  wounded  and  121  missing;  total,  582.     The  Con- 


HISTORY    OP     MISSOUEI.  127 

federate  loss  was  105  killed,  419  wounded  and  117  missing ;  total, 
641. 

In  addition  to  the  engagements  already  described,  quite  a 
large  number  of  raids,  surprises  and  skirmishes — some  of  them 
important  enough  to  be  accounted  battles— occurred  in  Missouri 
during  1861.  They  will  be  found  mentioned  in  chronological 
order  in  the  list  of  battles  on  another  page. 

THE  CAMPAIGN  OF  1862. 

The  beginning  of  the  year  found  Missouri  comparatively 
quiet.  Gen.  Price  had  couc'entrated  about  12,000  men  at  Spring- 
field, intending  to  remain  there  all  winter,  but  Gen.  Halleck 
massed  his  forces,  comprising  the  troops  of  Asboth,  Sigel,  Davis 
and  Prentiss,  at  Lebanon,  under  command  of  Gen.  Curtis.  On 
Februaiy  11  this  army  moved  against  Springfield,  and  on  the 
following  night  Gen..  Price  retreated  to  Cassville.  Curtis  pur- 
suing him,  he  withdrew  still  further  across  the  Arkansas  line  to 
Cross  Hollows,  thence  to  Sugar  Creek,  where,  reinforced  by 
McCuUoch,  he  gave  battle,  and  was  defeated  February  20.  Price 
again  retreated  to  Cove  Creek,  and  then  halted,  leaving  Missouri 
with  no  large  organized  Confederate  force  within  her  borders. 
Nevertheless,  it  was  evident  that  the  rebel  general,  sheltered  in 
the  defiles  of  the  "  Boston  Mountains,"  was  only  gathering 
strength  for  more  vigorous  operations ;  therefore  Curtis  retraced 
his  steps,  and  fell  back  to  Pea  Eidge,  among  the  mountains  in 
the  northwestern  part  of  Arkansas.  Here  he  received  intelli- 
gence that  Price  and  McCuUoch  had  been  reinforced  by  Gen. 
Van  Dorn,  and  that  their  combined  force  under  command  of  the 
latter  officer  would  soon  attack  his  position. 

BATTLE  OF  PEA  EIDGE AN  ELKHOEN  TAVEEN. 

This  engagement  commenced  on  the  morning  of  the  6th  of 
March,  1862.  The  Confederate  force  aggregated  about  25,000 
men  as  follows:  McCuUoch's  troops  from  Arkansas,  Louisiana 
and  Texas,  13,000;  Gen.  Pike's  command,  consisting  of  Choctaw, 
Cherokee,  Chickasaw  and  other  Indians,  and  some  white  troops, 
4,000 ;  Price's  Missouri  troops,  8,000.  The  Federal  force  con- 
sisted of  10,500  men,  including  cavalry  and  infantry,  forty-nine 
pieces  of  artillery  and  one  mountain  howitzer. 


128  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

After  a  hard-fought  battle,  which  lasted  for  two  days,  the 
Federals  were  victorious.  The  Confederate  generals,  McCuUoch 
and  Mcintosh,  were  both  killed.  Van  Dorn  withdrew  to  the  in- 
terior of  Arkansas,  and  Curtis  marched  slowly  southward.  The 
Federal  loss  in  the  battle  of  Pea  Eidge  was  203  killed,  972 
wounded,  and  176  taken  prisoners;  total,  1,351;  Confederate  loss 
about  the  same. 

VARIOUS  WAR  MEASURES. 

Meanwhile,  in  Missouri,  Provost-Marshal-General  Farrar 
issued  an  order  requiring  the  publishers  of  newsjmpers  in  the 
State,  with  the  exception  of  St.  Louis  city  papers,  to  furnish  a 
copy  of  each  issue,  for  inspection  at  the  marshal's  office. 

Gen.  Halleck  issued  an  order  requiring  the  officers  of  the 
Mercantile  Library  Association  and  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce to  subscribe  to  the  oath  prescribed  by  the  convention  ordi- 
nance of  October  6,  1861,  under  peril  of  arrest  and  imprison- 
ment. The  same  order  also  forbade  the  display  of  secession  flags 
in  the  hands  of  women  or  on  carriages — the  carriages  to  be  con- 
fiscated and  the  women  arrested.  A  similar  order  was  issued  to 
the  presidents  and  directors  of  all  railroads  in  the  State,  and  to 
the  president,  professors,  ciirators  and  other  officers  of  the  State 
University  at  Columbia.  This  order  required  all  clerks,  agents 
and  civil  employes  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  to  take  the 
oath  prescribed  by  act  of  Congress,  and  recommended  that  all 
clergymen,  teachers,  officers  of  benevolent  institutions,  and  all 
engaged  in  business  and  trade,  who  were  loyal  to  the  Union, 
should  voluntarily  take  the  convention  oath,  in  order  that  their 
patriotism  might  be  known. 

At  different  times  men  were  tried  and  condemned  to  be  shot 
upon  charges  of  railroad  and  bridge  burning,  but  these  sentences 
were  mitigated  to  imprisonment,  or  in  some  cases  the  culprits 
were  released  upon  their  taking  the  oath  of  allegiance,  and  giving 
bond  in  the  sum  of  §2,000  each,  for  future  loyalty  to  the  Govern- 
ment. 

Edmund  J.  Ellis,  of  Columbia,  editor  and  proprietor  of  The 
Boone  Counfy  Standard,  was  foiiud  guilty,  and  sentenced  to  ban- 
ishment from  the  State,  during  the  war,  on  the  several  charges  of 
giving  information  to  the  enemy,  encouraging  resistance  to  the 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  129 

Federal   GoTernment,    and  inciting  persons  to  rebellion  against 
the  same.     His  printing  materials  were  confiscated  and  sold. 

Early  in  April,   Gen.  Halleck  went  to  Corinth,   Miss.,   and 
left  Maj.-Geu.  Schofieldin  command  at  St.  Louis. 

OPERATIONS  AGAINST  GUERRILLAS. — COL.  JO.  C.  PORTER. 

Gov.  Gamble,  desiring  to  repress  the  numerous  guerrilla 
organizations  in  the  State,  authorized  Gen.  Schofield  to  organize  the 
State  militia  into  companies,  regiments  and  brigades,  and  to  call 
'  a  force  into  the  field  sufficient  to  quell  the  marauders  and  secure 
the  people  of  the  State  in  their  persons  and  property.  In  the 
series  of  skirmishes  and  fights  which  occurred  between  the  State 
militia  and  the  Confederate  guerrillas,  the  most  brilliant  and  im- 
portant were  those  connected  with  the  pursuit  and  final  overthrow 
of  Col.  Jo.  C.  Porter. 

His  force  was  first  engaged  July  1,  at  Cherry  Grove,  Schuy- 
ler County,  by  Col.  Lipscomb,  with  about  450  of  the  State  militia. 
After  a  small  fight  the  Confederates  retreated,  and  were  pursued 
as  far  as  Newark,  Knox  County.  The  next  important  encounter 
with  Porter's  forces  was  at  Pearce's  Mills,  on  the  Middle  Fabius, 
Scotland  County,  where,  on  the  19th  of  July,  a  pursuing  force, 
under  Maj.  John  Y.  Clopper,  of  the  Merrill  Horse,  and  Maj.  John 
F.  Benjamin,  of  the  Eleventh  Missouri  State  Militia,  was  ambus- 
caded, and  sustained  a  loss  of  eighty-three  men,  while  the  Con- 
federates lost  but  half  a  dozen.  Porter,  however,  retreated  toward 
the  west  and  south,  and  in  less  than  twenty-four  hours  was  at 
Novelty,  Knox  County,  sixty-four  miles  distant.  Still  going 
southward,  they  passed  through  Marion  County  to  Florida,  in 
Monroe,  where  they  attacked  and  defeated  a  small  "detachment  of 
the  Third  Iowa  Cavalry,  under  Maj.  H.  C.  Caldwell,  and  then 
hurried  on  to  the  heavily-wooded  country  near  Brown's  Spring, 
ten  miles  north  of  Fulton,  in  Callaway  County.  Ascertaining 
their  position.  Col.  Guitar,  of  the  Ninth  Missouri  State  Militia, 
started  in  jDursuit,  July  27.  with  about  200  men  and  two  pieces  of 
artillery.  On  the  preceding  day  Lieut.-Col.  Shaffer,  of  Merrill's 
Horse,  left  Columbia  upon  the  same  errand,  with  100  men,  and 
was  joined  at  Sturgeon  by  Maj.  Clopper,  with  as  many  more. 
Maj.  Caldwell,  with  a  detachment  of  the  Third  Iowa,  also  started 


130  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

from  Mexico.  These  two  latter  columns  marched  toward  Mt. 
Zion  Church,  in  the  northeast  part  of  Boone  County,  believing 
that  Porter  was  encamped  there.  Not  finding  the  object  of  their 
search,  they  pursued  their  way  into  Callaway  County,  and,  on  the 
afternoon  of  the  28th,  heard  Guitar's  cannon  four  or  five  miles 
distant.  Shaffer  and  Caldwell  hastened  forward,  and  arrived  in 
time  to  assist  in  the  hard-fought  battle  at  Moore's  Mill,  July  28^ 
wherein  Porter  was  defeated  with  a  loss  of  32  killed  and  125 
wounded,  while  Guitar  lost  13  killed  and  55  wounded. 

BATTLE    OP    KIRKSVILLE. 

Porter  now  retreated  northward,  through  Monroe  into  Marion 
County.  Here  he  received  a  large  number  of  recruits.  On  the 
1st  of  August  he  attacked  and  captured  Newark,  Knox  County, 
with  its  garrison  of  seventy-five  men,  under  Capt.  Wesley  Lair, 
of  the  Eleventh  Missouri  State  Militia,  and  pushed  northward  to 
Short's  well,  in  the  southern  part  of  Scotland,  where  he  was 
joined  by  a  considerable  detachment  under  Col.  Cyrus  Franklin 
and  Lieut. -Col.  Frisby  H.  McCuUough.  The  rebel  forces  were 
closely  pursued  by  Col.  John  McNeil.  Porter  and  Franklin 
turned  west  from  Short's  well,  and  reached  Kirksville  on  the 
morning  of  August  6.  a  few  hours  in  advance  of  their  pursuers, 
and,  ordering  the  citizens  to  evacuate  the  town,  posted  their 
troojjs  in  the  coui'thouse,  seminary,  stores  and  private  residences, 
and  thus  entrenched  awaited  the  coming  Unionists.  Porter  had 
about  2,800  men,  all  moimted,  but  many  were  without  arms,  and 
nearly  all  without  experience. 

Col.  McNeill,  approaching  from  the  eastern  side  of  the  town, 
drew  up  his  forces  before  it.  Not  knowing  the  exact  position  of 
the  enemy,  he  ordered  ten  men,  under  Lieut.  John  N.  Cowdry, 
of  Merrill's  Horse,  to  ride  through  the  town  and  discover  their 
places  of  concealment.  They  obeyed  the  order,  and  the  rebels 
in  their  eagerness  fired  upon  them  from  houses,  stables  and 
other  places  affording  them  protection  from  the  missiles  which 
were  shortly  to  be  poured  upon  the  town.  McNeill  now  opened 
the  battle  with  his  cannon,  and,  under  cover  of  his  artillery  fire, 
advanced  his  dismounted  men,  and  soon  the  Confederates  began 
to  give  way. 


HISTOEY    OF     MISSOURI.  131 

In  three  hours  the  town  was  in  possession  of  McNeill,  and  the 
forces  of  Porter  and  Franklin  were  in  full  retreat  toward  the 
Chariton  Eiver.  The  Confederate  loss  in  this  engagement  was 
between  200  and  300  killed,  wounded  and  captured;  the  Federal 
loss   was    6    killed   and    33    wounded. 

COMPTON'S  ferry YELLOW  CREEK. 

On  the  following  day  Col.  Guitar,  who  had  been  ill  at  Jef- 
ferson City,  entered  upon  preparations  for  the  pursuit  of  a 
considerable  rebel  force  in  Chariton  County,  under  Col.  J.  A. 
Poindexter,  and,  on  the  8th  of  August,  landed  from  a  steamer 
a  considerable  force  at  Glasgow.  He  overtook  Poindexter  at 
9  o'clock  on  the  night  of  the  11th,  at  Compton's  Ferry,  on 
Grand  Eiver,  in  Carroll  County.  Part  of  Poindexter's  men 
had  crossed  the  river  before  his  arrival,  but  a  large  number, 
with  all  their  baggage,  horses,  wagons,  etc.,  had  yet  to  cross. 
Guitar  ordered  a  charge,  and  at  the  same  time  opened  upon 
the  fleeing  rebels  with  two  pieces  of  artillery.  The  result  was 
a  great  panic  and  considerable  destruction.  Many  of  the  Con- 
federates, in  their  eagerness  to  escape,  threw  away  their  guns, 
and  forced  their  horses  into  the  river,  but  the  animals,  in 
many  instances,  became  unmanageable,  and  returned  to  the  same 
shore  whence  they  started.  Some  were  drowned.  A  large  num- 
ber of  prisoners,  and  all  the  baggage,  together  with  horses,  miiles, 
guns  and  wagons,  were  captured. 

Poindexter  marched  as  swiftly  as  possible  to  the  northward, 
reaching  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Eailroad  at  Utica  on  Tues- 
day morning,  the  12th.  Near  here  he  was  intercepted  and  driven 
back  by  Gen.  Lyon.  Eetreating  south  he  was  met  by  Guitar  on 
the  13th,  at  Yellow  Creek,  in  Chariton  County,  and  again  roiited, 
his  band  being  scattered  and  broken  up.  Guitflr  then  returned 
to  Jefferson  City  and  was  promoted  by  Gov.  Gamble  to  be  briga- 
dier-general of  Enrolled  Missouri  Militia. 

BATTLE    AT    INDEPENDENCE. 

The  next  important  engagement  in  the  State  occurred  at  Inde- 
pendence very  early  in  the  morning  of  Augiast  11.  The  town 
was  garrisoned  by  about  450  Federal  troops,  comprising  infantry 


132  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

and  cavalry,  under  Lieut. -Col.  J.  T.  Buell.  The  Confederates, 
commanded  by  Col.  John  T.  Hughes,  of  Clinton  County,  and  G. 
W.  Thompson,  numbered  from  600  to  800.  They  were  fairly  in- 
side the  town,  and  had  commenced  a  -vigorous  attack  before  their 
approach  was  suspected.  Col.  Buell  was  at  once  surrounded  at 
his  headquarters,  thus  preventing  all  communication  between 
himself  and  his  men;  nevertheless  his  soldiers  fought  bravely; 
but  so  completely  were  they  surprised  that  the  best  they  could  do 
was  to  retreat  into  the  fields,  where  they  formed  for  defense  be- 
hind a  stone  wall.  While  the  rebels  were  charging  upon  this 
position  Col.  Hughes  was  killed.  Col.  Buell,  finding  that  his 
camp  was  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  and  that  extrication  was 
hopeless,  raised  the  white  flag  and  surrendered  the  post.  Both 
sides  suffered  heavy  losses. 

BATTLES  OF  LONE  JACK  AND  NEWTONIA. 

At  Lone  Jack,  a  village  in  Jackson  County,  a  rebel  force 
(3,000  strong)  under  Cols.  John  T.  Coffee,  Vard.  Cockerill,S.  D. 
Jackman  and  D.  C.  Hunter,  attacked  800  State  militia  under 
Maj.  Emory  Foster,  of  the  Seventeenth  Missouri  State  Militia  on 
August  16.  The  Federal  loss  was  43  killed,  154  wounded  and 
75  missing;  the  Confederate  casualties  were  about  the  same. 
The  Federals  were  defeated  and  lost  two  pieces  of  artillery. 
The  rebels  hearing  their  adversaries  were  to  be  reinforced 
retreated  southward. 

On  September  13,  1862,  an  engagement  took  place  at  New- 
tonia,  Newton  County,  between  about  5,000  Kansas,  Wisconsin, 
Missouri  and  Indian  troops,  under  Gen.  Salomon,  and  a  Confed- 
erate force  of  8,000  or  10,000  under  Col.  D.  H.  Cooper.  Num- 
bers were  killed  and  wounded  on  both  sides,  and  the  Federals 
were  compelled  to  retreat  as  far  as  Sarcoxie,  fifteen  miles  distant. 

EXECUTION  OP  REBEL  PRISONERS. 

At  Macon,  Mo.,  on  the  25th  of  September,  ten  rebel  prisoners 
were  executed  on  the  charge  of  repeated  violations  of  their  paroles, 
and  on  October  18  a  similar  number  was  shot  at  Palmyra,  in 
retaliation  for  the  abduction  and  murder  of  Andrew  Allsman,  a 
Unionist    of    Marion    County.     After  the  battle    of  Kirksville, 


HISTOEY    OF     MISSOURI.  133 

sixteen  were  executed  for  violating   their  paroles,  and  Col.  F.  H. 
McCullougli  was  shot  for  recruiting  within  the  lines. 

BATTLE  OF  CANE  HILL,   ARKANSAS. 

The  last  great  battle  of  the  year  in  which  Missourians  had  a 
part  was  fought  at  Cane  Hill,  near  Fayetteville,  Ark. ,  on  Sunday, 
December  6,  1862.  The  Confederate  forces  under  Gen.  Hind- 
man,  of  Arkansas,  and  Marmaduke,  of  Missouri,  were  defeated  by 
the  Unionists  under  Gen.  Blunt  of  Kansas.  The  following  is 
the  official  report  of  the  engagement,  sent  by  Gen.  Blunt  to  Maj.- 
Gen.  Curtis,  commandant  of  the  department  of  Missouri : 

Pkairie  Grove,  December  10,  1862. 
Maj.-Gen.  S.  R.  Curtis: 

The  enemy  did  not  stop  in  their  flight  until  they  had  crossed  the  Boston 
Mountains,  and  are  probably  ere  this  across  the  Ariiansas  River.  The  enemy's 
liilled  and  wounded  is  between  1,500  and  2,000  —  a  large  proportion  of  them 
killed.  One  hundred  of  their  wounded  have  died  since  the  battle,  and  a  large 
proportion  of  the  others  are  wounded  mortally,  showing  the  terrible  effects  of 
my  artillery.  My  casualties  will  be  about  300  wounded.  Most  of  the  wounded 
will  recover.  The  enemy  have  left  their  wounded  on  my  hands,  and  most  of 
their  dead,  uncared  for.  They  are  being  buried  by  my  command.  Hindman 
admitted  his  force  to  be  38,000.  Maj.  Hubbard,  who  was  a  prisoner  with  them 
all  day  of  the  flght,  counted  twenty  regiments  of  infantry  and  twenty  pieces  of 
artillery.  They  had  no  train  with  them,  and  muffled  the  wheels  of  their  artil- 
lery in  making  their  retreat.  Four  caissons  filled  with  ammunition  were  taken 
from  the  enemy.  The  Twentieth  Regiment  of  Wisconsin  Volunteers,  in  addi- 
tion to  those  mentioned  yesterday,  suffered  severely  in  charging  one  of  the 
enemy's  batteries,  which  they  took,  but  were  unable  to  hold. 

James  G.  Blunt, 

Brigadier-  Oeneral. 

THE    CAMPAIGN    OF    1868. BATTLES    OF    SPRINGFIELD,    HAKTSVILLE 

AND  CAPE    GIRARDEAU. 

In  the  early  part  of  this  year,  the  Confederates,  led  by  Gens. 
Marmaduke  and  Price,  resumed  activity  in  Arkansas  and  Southern 
Missouri.  On  the  8th  of  January,  with  a  force  of  2,500  or  3,000 
men  and  three  pieces  of  artillery.  Gen.  J.  S.  Marmaduke  attacked 
Springfield,  which  was  occupied  by  Federal  troops  under  Gen. 
E.  B.  Brown,  commander  of  the  Southwestern  Department  of 
Missouri.  The  fighting  continued  from  1  o'clock  P.  M.  until 
after  dark.  Gen.  Brown,  having  been  severely  wounded,  the 
command  devolved  upon  Col.  B.  Crabb.  The  Confederates  re- 
treated the  following  morning,  going  to  Marshfield  and  Harts- 


134  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

ville.  Theii'  loss  was  42  killed  and  60  wounded  who  were  left 
on  the  field.     The  Federal  loss  was  18  killed  and  110  wounded. 

Three  days  afterward,  at  the  town  of  Hartsville,  Gen. 
Marmaduke,  having  united  near  Marshfield  with  a  force  under  Col. 
Jo.  C.  Porter,  and  moving  thence  southward,  attacked  a  Federal 
force  under  Col.  Samuel  Merrill  of  the  Twenty-first  Iowa,  and 
after  a  bloody  little  engagement  drove  them  from  the  field. 

On  April  26,  Gen.  Marmaduke  attacked  the  post  at  Cape 
Girardeau,  on  the  Mississippi,  but  the  garrison,  under  Gen.  John 
McNeill,  succeeded  in  driving  the  Confederates  away. 

During  the  last  week  in  August,  Col.  Woodson  of  the  Third 

Calvary  Missouri  State  Militia,  surprised  and  captured  Gen.  Jeff. 

Thompson,  known  as  the  "  Swamp  Fox,"  together  with  his  staff 

officers,    at  Pocahontas,    Ark.     The  prisoners  were  sent  to  St. 

Louis,  and  committed  to  Gratiot  prison. 

ORDER   NO.  11.  ' 

On  the  25th  of  August,  Gen.  Thomas  Ewing,  of  the  Eleventh 
Kansas  Infantry  Volunteers,  afterward  a  Democratic  member  of 
Congress  from  Ohio,  issued  the  following  order,  which,  as  it  was 
productive  of  much  suffering  at  the  time  in  the  counties  indicated, 
and  has  been  commemorated  by  George  C.  Bingham  in  the  cele- 
brated painting  entitled:  "Order  No.  11,"  we  copy  in  full: 

General  Orders  No.  11: 

Headquarters  District  of  the  Border.         I 
Kansas  City.  Mo.,  August  25,  1863.  ) 

First.  All  persons  living  ic  Cass,  Jackson  and  Bates  Counties,  Missouri,  and 
in  that  part  of  Vernon  included  in  this  district,  except  those  living  within  one 
mile  of  the  limits  of  Independence.  Hiclsman's  Mills,  Pleasant  Hill  and 
Harrisonville,  and  except  those  in  that  part  of  Kaw  Township,  Jackson  County, 
north  of  Brush  Creek  and  west  of  the  Big  Blue,  embracing  Kansas  City  and 
Westport,  are  hereby  ordered  to  remove  from  their  present  residences  within 
fifteen  days  from  the  date  thereof. 

Those  who,  within  that  time,  establish  their  loyalty  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
commanding  officer  of  the  military  station  nearest  their  present  places  of  resi- 
dence will  receive  from  him  certificates  stating  the  fact  of  their  loyalty,  and  the 
names  of  the  witnesses  by  whom  it  can  be  shown.  All  who  receive  such 
certificate  will  be  permitted  to  remove  to  any  military  station  in  this  district, 
or  to  any  part  of  the  State  of  Kansas,  except  the  counties  on  the  eastern  border 
of  the  Stale.     All  others  shall  remove  out  of  this  district 

Officers  commanding  companies  and  detachments  serving  in  the  counties 
named,  will  see  that  this  paragraph  is  promptly  obeyed. 

Second.  All  grain  and  hay  in  the  field,  or  under  shelter,  in  tlie  district  from 
which  the  inhabitants  are  required  to  remove,  within  reach  of  military  stations. 


HISTOEY    OF     MISSOUEI.  135 

after  the  9tli  day  of  September  next,  will  be  taken  to  sueh  stations  and  turned 
over  to  the  proper  officers  there,  and  report  of  the  amount  so  turned  over  made 
to  district  headquarters,  specif3'ing  the  names  of  all  loyal  owners  and  the  amount 
of  such  produce  taken  from  them.  All  grain  and  hay  found  in  such  district 
after  the  9th  of  September  next,  not  convenient  to  such  stations,  will  be  destroyed. 

Third.  The  provisions  of  General  Orders  No.  10,  from  these  headquarters, 
will  be  at  once  vigorously  executed  by  officers  commanding  in  the  parts  of  the 
district,  and  at  the  stations  not  subiect  to  paragraph  first  of  this  order,  and 
especially  in  the  towns  of  Independence,  "Westport  and  Kansas  City. 

Fourth.  Paragraph  three.  General  Oiiders  No.  10,  is  revoked  as  to  all  who 
have  borne  arms  against  the  Government  in  this  district  since  August  20,  1863. 

By  order  of  Brig.-Qen.  Ewing.  H.  Hannahs,  Adjt. 

Gen.  Schofiekl,  at  that  time  commandant  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Missouri,  has  since  the  war  aj^proved  and  defended  this 
order,  on  the  ground  that  a  savage  guerrilla  warfare  had  raged 
on  the  border  for  two  years,  nearly  dejjopulating  the  farming 
districts  on  the  Missouri  side,  and  that  all  the  inhabitants  who 
remained  were  obliged,  whether  rebel  sympathizers  or  not,  to 
furnish  shelter  and  supplies  for  bands  of  marauding  outlaws. 
He  said  that  it  was  imperatiTe  that  this  border  war  should  be 
suppressed,  and  that  the  fiendish  massacre  of  140  persons 
at  Lawrence,  Kas.,  on  August  13,  by  the  guerrilla  Quantrell 
and  his  band,  rendered  immediate  and  decisive  action  neces- 
sary in  order  to  prevent  a  succession  of  such  horrors. 

To  increase  the  military  force  in  the  district  was  impracticable, 
and  the  only  alternative  was  to  remove  the  means  by  which  these 
guerrillas  were  sustained.  He  stated,  further,  that  no  serious  in- 
convenience was  inflicted  upon  any  one  by  the  execution  of  the 
order,  but  that  the  necessities  of  the  poor  people  were  provided 
for,  and  none  were  permitted  to  suffer. 

In  reply  to  this  statement  of  Gen.  Schofiekl,  which  ap- 
peared in  the  St.  Louis  daily  Eejmblican  of  February  21,  1877, 
Hon.  George  C.  Bingham,  an  old  citizen  of  Jackgon  County, 
and  a  strong  Union  man  during  the  war,  prepared  a  counter 
statement  which  was  published  in  the  same  paper  on  the  2Gth  of 
the  month.  He  denounced  the  order  as  an  act  of  purely  arbitrary 
power,  directed  against  a  disarmed  and  defenseless  population. 
He  declared  that  it  put  an  end  to  the  predatory  raids  of  Kansas 
"red-legs  and  jay-hawkers,"  by  simply  giving  them  all  that  they 
desired  at  once,  that  it  gave  up  the  country  to  Confederate  bush- 
whackers, who,  until  the  close  of  the  war,  stopped  stages,  robbed 


136  HISTORY    OF     MISSOUBI. 

mails  and  prevented  any  one  wearing  a  Federal  uniform  from 
entering  tlie  district.  Mr.  Bingham  says  lie  was  in  Kansas  City 
when  the  order  was  enforced,  and  that  he  knew  personally  of  the 
sufferings  of  the  unfortunate  victims.  Men  were  shot  down  while 
obeying  the  order,  and  their  effects  seized  by  their  murderers ; 
dense  columns  of  smoke  rising  in  every  direction  marked  the  con- 
flagration of  dwellings;  large  trains  of  wagons  extending  over 
the  prairies  for  miles,  moved  toward  Kansas,  freighted  with 
every  description  of  household  furniture  and  clothing  belonging 
to  the  exiles;  women  and  little  children  barefooted  and  bare- 
headed, exposed  to  burning  heat  and  choking  dust,  tramped 
wearily  along,  to  whom  neither  aid  nor  protection  was  afforded 
by  the  authorities  who  had  driven  them  from  their  homes,  and 
who  were  indebted  to  the  charity  of  steamboat  conductors  who 
took  them  to  places  of  safety. 

Mr.  Bingham  admitted  that  guerrilla  warfare  had  been  waged 
for  two  years  in  the  counties  embraced  by  the  order,  but  denied 
that  this  region  was  by  any  means  depopulated,  or  that  the  re- 
maining farmers  were  supporting  these  outlaws.  He  said  that 
the  larger  portion  of  the  marauders  were  Kansas  "jay  hawkers 
and  red-legs,"  with  no  authority  of  law  either  military  or  civil, 
yet  countenanced  and  protected  by  Gen.  Ewing  and  his 
predecessors  from  the  State  of  Kansas;  that  the  others,  consti- 
tuting the  more  desperate  class,  were  chiefly  Missouri  bush- 
whackers, acting  under  Confederate  authority;  that  the  inhab- 
itants of  the  counties  had  been  disarmed,  as  Gen.  Schofield 
admitted,  and  were  unable  to  resist  the  demands  made  upon  them, 
biat  thatthe  bushwhackers  were  insignificant  in  numbers  compared 
with  the  Federal  troops  who  were  stationed  there,  and  that  twenty 
if  not  fifty  times  as  much  produce  was  furnished  to  the  latter  as 
to  the  former. 

To  this  reply  of  Mr.  Bingham,  neither  Gen.  Schofield  nor 
Gen.  Ewing  made  any  response. 

Order  No.  11  belongs  to  that  extensive  list  of  war  measures 
which,  wise  or  unwise,  necessary  or  unnecessary,  was  viewed  in 
a  very  different  light  by  those  who  were,  on  one  hand,  personally 
aggrieved  and  injured,  and  by  those  who,  on  the  other  hand,  were 
looking  from  afar  at  the  great  end  in  view,  namely,  the  overthrow 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  137 

of  the  Rebellion.  In  the  border  States,  where  Unionists  and  Dis- 
unionists  lived  side  by  side,  numerous  complexities  arose,  height- 
ened by  personal  animosities  and  old  family  feuds ;  and  in  many 
cases  loss  of  life,  and  especially  loss  of  property,  fell  upon  parti- 
sans indiscriminately,  verifying  the  old,  sad  maxim  that  where 
transgression  enters,  the  innocent  must  often  suffer  with  the 
guilty. 

SHELBY'S    RAID. 

In  September,  Gen.  Blunt  drove  the  Confederate  forces  under 
Gen.  Cabell  and  the  Creek  chief,  Stand  Watie,  into  the  Choctaw 
reservation,  and  took  possession  of  Fort  Smith.  As  the  autumn 
advanced  and  Cabell's  supplies  began  to  run  low,  a  part  of  his 
command  under  Col.  Jo.  O.  Shelby  undertook  a  raid  into  Mis- 
souri. They  crossed  the  Arkansas  Eiver,  a  little  east  of  Fort 
Smith,  and  pushed  rapidly  northward  as  far  as  Crooked  Prairie, 
in  the  southwestern  part  of  this  State,  when  they  were  joined  by 
Col.  Coffee.  At  Boonville,  where  Shelby  expected  to  meet  a 
Uirge  number  of  recruits,  but  was  disappointed,  his  men  secured 
from  stores  and  dwelling  houses  $100,000  worth  of  property, 
after  which  they  moved  westward.  On  October  12  and  13,  how- 
ever. Gen.  Brown  encountered  these  forces  at  Marshall  and  de- 
feated them,  with  a  loss  of  fifty  men  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners. 
Shelby  hastily  returned  to  Arkansas. 

THE   CAMPAIGN    OP    1864. 

Several  sanguinary  engagements  were  fought  in  Missouri 
during  this,  the  closing  year  of  the  war.  The  Union  troops, 
chiefly  Missouri  State  Militia  and  Enrolled  Missouri  Militia,  were 
engaged  in  the  effort,  at  many  times  unsuccessful,  to  defend  the 
lives  and  property  of  the  people  from  tlie  roving  bands  of  bush- 
whackers and  guerrillas  that  infested  all  parts  of  the  State,  but 
particularly  the  western  and  river  counties. 

Late  in  January  Gen.  Rosecrans  arrived  at  St.  Louis,  succeed- 
ing Gen.  Schofield  as  commander  of  the  Department  of  Missouri. 
No  event  of  importance  occurred  until  the  following  autumn, 
when  Gen.  Price  made  his  last  grand  raid  into  the  State  with  the 
intention  of  capturing  St.  Louis,  and  other  important  points. 
Having  been   informed  early  in  September  of  Prices'  medi- 


138  HISTORY   or    MISSOURI. 

tated  invasion,  Rosecrans  forwarded  the  information  to  head- 
quarters, and  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith,  then  ascending  the  Mississippi 
with  about  6,000  troops,  was  ordered  to  proceed  to  St.  Louis. 
Gen.  Rosecrans  had  previous  to  this  only  about  6,500  mounted 
men  in  his  whole  department,  and  these  were  scattered  at  various 
points — at  Springfield,  Pilot  Knob,  Jefferson  City,  Rolla  and  St. 
Louis,  guarding  military  depots  and  railway  bridges  against  the 
hordes  of  guerrillas  who  swarmed  through  the  country.  These 
troops  were  concentrated  as  quickly  as  possible  when  Price's  in- 
tended route  was  ascertained,  but  he  had  already  entered  South- 
eastern Missouri,  and  reached  Pilot  Knob  before  he  was  met  by 
any  considerable  opposition.  At  that  place  a  single  brigade  was 
stationed,  under  command  of  Gen.  Thomas  Ewiug.  This  force 
was  intrenched  in  a  little  fort  with  some  rude  earthworks,  but  it 
made  a  gallant  resistance,  and  repulsed  two  assaults  of  the  Con- 
federates, inflicting  upon  them  a  loss  of  1,000  men.  Gen.  Price's 
men  now  took  positions  which  commanded  the  entire  fort,  and 
Gen.  Ewing,  seeing  that  further  resistance  was  hopeless,  spiked 
his  guns,  blew  up  his  magazine,  and  retreated,  by  night,  toward 
Rolla  where  Gen.  McNeil  was  stationed.  After  accomplishing  a 
march  of  sixty  miles  in  thirty-nine  hours,  the  exhausted  troops 
were  overtaken  at  Harrison,  by  a  large  force  under  Shelby.  Al- 
though short  of  ammunition.  Gen.  Ewing  held  his  ground  for 
thirty  hours,  when  he  was  reinforced  by  troops  sent  from  Rolla, 
after  which  he  drove  Shelby  away,  and  continued  his  retreat  in 
safety. 

At  St.  Louis,  Gen.  Smith's  infantry,  4,000  or  5,000 
strong,  was  joined  by  eight  regiments  of  the  Enrolled  Militia 
of  the  State  and  six  regiments  of  Illinois  Militia.  At  Jefferson 
City  Gen.  E.  B.  Brown  had  been  reinforced  by  Gen  C.  B.  Fisk  with 
all  available  troops  north  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  the  citizens 
of  that  region  promptly  aiding  the  military,  the  capital  was  soon 
well  fortified. 

Gen.  Price  advanced  by  way  of  Potosi  to  the  Meramec  River ; 
crossed  it,  and  took  position  at  Richwoods,  within  forty  miles  of 
St.  Louis.  Evidently  fearing  to  attack  that  city,  he  burned  the 
bridge  at  Moselle,  and  then  pushed  rapidly  toward  the  capital 
of  the  State,   followed  by  Gen.    Smith  and    his  entire  command . 


HISTORI   OF    MISSOURI.  139 

Gen.  Price,  after  having  burned  bridges  behind  him,  and  done 
all  in  his  power  to  hinder  his  pursuers,  arrived  before  Jefferson 
City  on  the  7th  of  October.  Gen.  McNeill  and  J.  B.  Sanborn, 
with  a  force  of  mounted  men,  chiefly  Missouri  State  Militia, 
had  just  reached  there  by  a  forced  march  from  RoUa.  Squads 
of  cavalry  had  been  sent  out  to  guard  the  fords  and  ferries  on  the 
Osage  River,  and,  if  not  able  to  prevent  the  Confederates  from 
crossing,  to  give  timely  warning  of  their  approach.  The  railroad 
bridge  across  the  river  nine  miles  east  of  the  city  had  been 
burned. 

Several  small  engagements  and  skirmishes  took  place,  and 
the  Confederates  partly  surrounded  the  city  with  a  semi-circular 
line  nearly  four  miles  in  length,  the  wings  resting  on  the  Mis- 
souri River.  Finding  the  place  well  prepared  for  an  attack. 
Price  sent  his  trains  westward  and  followed  with  his  army.  A 
large  force  now  started  in  pursuit  of  the  Confederates,  led  by 
Federal  cavalry  under  immediate  command  of  Gen.  Alfred 
Pleasanton,  who  arrived  at  Jefferson  City  on  the  day  of  Price's 
departure. 

The  latter  general,  growing  bold  as  he  marched  westward, 
sent  Gens.  Jo.  Shelby  and  John  B.  Clark,  Jr.,  to  attack  Glasgow 
on  the  Missouri  River,  in  Howard  County.  The  town  was 
garrisoned  by  a  part  of  the  Forty-third  Missouri,  and  small 
detachments  of  the  Ninth  Missouri  State  Militia  and  the  Seven- 
teenth Illinois  Cavalry,  iinder  command  of  Col.  Chester  Harding. 
After  a  spirited  resistance  Col.  Harding  was  obliged  to  surrender. 
His  assailants  then  marched  back  and  joined  their  main 
army,  which  was  still  hastening  westward.  Geu.  Price  left 
Lexington  just  as  Pleasanton's  advance  reached  that  place 
October  20.  At  Little  Blue  Creek  he  met  Blunt's  Kansas 
troops,  under  command  of  Gen.  Curtis,  who,  after  a  sharp 
light  which  lasted  for  several  hours,  fell  back  to  the  Big  Blue 
Creek  and  there  awaited  another  attack.  Meanwhile,  Pleasanton 
reached  the  Little  Blue,  and  found  the  bridge  destroyed  and  the 
Confederate  rear-guard  prepared  for  battle.  They  were  soon 
driven  away,  and  Pleasanton  continued  his  course  to  Westport, 
then  occuj)ied  by  the  enemy.  He  captured  the  place  by  a  brill- 
iant charge  in  which  he  routed  the  Confederates,  and  took  two  of 
their  guns. 


140  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

GeD.  Price  had  expected  to  receive  at  least  20,000  recruits 
during  the  progress  of  his  raid,  and  perhaps  to  permanently 
occupy  the  State;  instead,  only  about  6,000  Missourians 
came  to  his  assistance,  and  he  fled  into  Arkansas  as  rapidly  as 
possible,  having  accomplished  nothing  of  importance. 

THE  AFFAIR  NEAR  ROCHEPORT. 

September  23,  1864,  a  train  of  Government  wagons  started 
from  Sturgeon,  Boone  County,  for  Rocheport,  in  charge  of 
seventy  men  of  the  Third  Missouri  State  Militia,  under  Capt. 
McFadin.  The  train  stopped  near  sunset  at  a  pond  about  seven 
miles  northeast  of  Rocheport,  in  order  that  the  horses  might  be 
watered.  Here  it  was  suddenly  attacked  by  150  guerrillas  under 
George  Todd,  who  pixt  the  escort  to  flight,  robbed  the  wagons  of 
everything  that  they  could  conveniently  carry  away,  and  burned 
what  remained.  Eleven  Federal  soldiers  were  killed,  and  three 
negroes. 

THE  CENTRALIA  MASSACRE. 

Among  the  revolting  and  horrible  crimes  of  the  war,  the  Cen- 
tralia  massacre  stands  prominent  for  its  dastardly  and  cold- 
blooded atrocity.  Monday  night,  September  26,  Anderson's  guer- 
rillas, in  numbers  estimated  from  200  to  400,  encamped  about 
three  miles  southeast  of  Centralia,  which  is  situated  on  the  North 
Missouri  Railroad,  in  Boone  County.  About  10  o'clock  Tuesday 
morning,  75  or  100  of  this  band  went  into  the  town,  and  com- 
menced plundering  the  stores  and  depot,  breaking  open  boxes 
and  trunks,  and  appropriating  whatever  suited  them.  At  11 
o'clock  the  stage-coach  arrived  from  Columbia  with  eight  or  nine 
passengers.  These  gentleman  being  unarmed  were  quickly  re- 
lieved of  their  money  and  valuables,  but  were  allowed  to  go  to 
the  hotel.  At  11.30  the  passenger  train  from  St.  Louis  came  in 
sight.  Immediately  the  guerrillas  formed  into  line,  and  as  the 
train  neared  the  depot,  commenced  throwing  obstructions  on  the 
track  and  firing  at  the  engineer.  The  cars  having  been  stopped, 
the  robbers  rushed  upon  the  passengers,  men,  women  and  children, 
taking  money,  watches  and  jewelry,  together  with  the  contents  of 
trunks,  and  valuables  from  the  express  car.  Twenty-three  Fed- 
eral soldiers  who  were  on  board  the  train  were  marched  into  town. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  141 

placed  in  lines,  and  shot  down.  The  guerrillas  burned  the  rail- 
road depot  and  six  cars  standing  near.  After  murdering  the  sol- 
diers and  robbing  the  passengers  and  the  citizens  of  the  town 
generally,  they  set  fire  to  the  rifled  train,  and  started  it  on  the 
road  toward  Sturgeon.  It  ran  about  three  miles,  and  then  stop- 
ping was  entirely  consumed.  Meanwhile  the  frightened  passen- 
gers, glad  to  escape  with  their  lives,  went  on  their  way  as  best 
they  could,  in  wagons,  on  horseback,  and  on  foot. 

About  3  o'clock  of  the  same  afternoon,  Maj.  A.  V.  E.  John- 
son, of  Col.  Kutzner's  regiment  of  Missouri  Volunteers  (the 
Thirty-ninth),  arrived  at  Centralia  with  155  mounted  infantry. 
An  engagement  took  place  in  an  open  field  southeast  of  the  town. 
Maj.  Johnson's  men,  being  armed  with  long  guns,  were  ordered 
to  dismount.  Their  horses  became  unmanageable,  and  many  of 
them  ran  away,  leaving  the  soldiers  on  foot  in  the  middle  of  the 
prairie.  They  had  fired  but  one  volley  when  the  guerrillas  dashed 
among  them,  splendidly  mounted,  and  carrying  three  or  foiar  re- 
volvers apiece.  Part  of  Johnson's  men  who  were  still  on  horse- 
back attempted  to  escape,  but  were  overtaken  and  shot  down. 
Maj.  Johnson  himself  was  killed,  together  with  122  men  of  his 
small  command.  Four  or  five  of  the  remaining  few  were  wounded. 
The  guerrillas  had  but  three  killed  and  seven  wounded. 

After  the  murderers  had  left  town  the  citizens  of  Centralia 
gathered  the  dead  bodies  together,  and  placed  them  near  the 
railroad.  Many  of  them  were  taken  to  Mexico  for  burial  that 
very  evening,  and  seventy-nine  were  interred  in  a  trench  in  the 
eastern  part  of  town.  Afterward  this  trench  was  enclosed  by  a 
fence,  and  at  the  head  of  it  was  placed  a  limestone  monument, 
fifteen  feet  high,  with  the  following  inscription: 

"  The  remains  of  Companies  A,  G  and  H,  Thirty-ninth  Eegi- 
ment,  Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry,  who  were  killed  in  action  at 
Centralia,  Mo.,  on  the  27th  day  of  September,  1864,  are  interred 
here."  Since  the  close  of  the  war  the  remains  have  been  dis- 
interred and  re-buried  in  one  common  grave  in  the  National 
Cemetery  at  Jefferson  City. 

DEATH  OF  BILL  ANDERSON. 

After  the  horrible  massacre  at  Centralia,  the  subsequent 
burning  of  Danville  and  the  depots  at  New  Florence,  High  Hill 


142  HISTOBT    OF     MISSOURI. 

and  Renick,  Bill  Anderson  and  the  most  of  his  men  went  into  Ray 
County.  On  the  26th  of  October,  Lieut. -Col.  S.  P.  Cox,  of  the 
Thirty-third  Enrolled  Missouri  Militia,  learning  Anderson's 
whereabouts,  made  a  forced  march  to  meet  him.  On  the  follow- 
ing day,  just  one  month  after  the  Centralia  massacre.  Col.  Cox 
came  in  contact  with  the  guerrilla  pickets,  and  drove  them  before 
him  into  the  woods.  He  then  dismounted  his  men,  threw  an 
infantry  force  into  the  forest,  and  sent  forward  a  cavalry  advance 
which  soon  engaged  Anderson's  main  body  and  fell  back.  The 
guerrillas  now  charged,  and  Anderson  was  killed,  while  his  men 
were  forced  to  retreat  at  full  speed,  hotly  pursued  by  the  Union 
cavalry.  Upon  the  body  of  Anderson  was  found  $300  in  gold, 
$150  in  ti-easury  notes,  six  revolvers,  and  several  orders  from 
Gen.  Price. 

Early  in  December,  1864,  Gen.  Rosecrans  was  relieved  of 
the  command  of  the  Department  of  Missouri,  and  Gen.  Granville 
M.  Dodge,  of  Iowa,  succeeded  him. 

LIST   OF   BATTLES   IN   MISSOUBI. 

Necessarily  there  has  been  omitted  from  this  brief  review 
even  a  mention  of  many  of  the  minor  battles  of  the  Civil  War, 
which  were  fought  upon  the  soil  of  Missouri.  For  convenient 
reference  a  complete  list  of  these  engagements,  together  with 
the  dates  at  which  they  were  fought,  is  herewith  appended: 

1861 — Potosi,  May  14;  Boonville,  June  17:  Carthage, 
July  5;  Monroe  Station,  July  10;  Overton's  Run,  near  Fulton, 
July  17;  Dug  Springs,  August  2;  Athens,  August  5;  Wilson's 
Creek,  August  10;  Morton,  August  20;  Bennett's  Mills,  Sep- 
tember; Drywood  Creek,  September  7;  Norfolk,  September  10, 
Lexington,  September  12,  20;  Blue  Mills  Landing,  September 
17;  Glasgow  Mistake,  September  20;  Osceola,  September  25; 
Shanghai,  October  13 ;  Lebanon,  October  13 ;  Big  River  Bridge, 
October  15;  Linn  Creek,  October  16;  Fredericktown,  October 
21;  Springfield,  October  25:  Belmont,  November  7;  Piketon, 
November  8;  Little  Blue,  November  10;  Clark's  Station,  Novem- 
ber 11 ;  Mount  Ziou  Church,  December  28. 

1862 — Silver  Creek,  January  15;  New  Madrid,  February  28; 
Pea  Ridge,  Ark.,   March  6;  Neosho,  April  22;  Cherry  Grove, 


HI8T0BY   OF    MISSOUEI.  143 

July  1;  Pierce's  Mill,  July  18;  Eose  Hill,  July  10;  Florida, 
July  22 ;  Moore's  Mill,  July  28 ;  Chariton  Eiver,  July  30 ;  New- 
urk,  August  1;  Kirksville,  August  6;  Compton's  Ferry,  August 
8;  ludependence,  August  11;  Yellow  Creek,  August  13;  Lone 
Jack,  August  16 ;  Newtonia,  September  13. 

1863 — Springfield,  January  8;  Cape  Girardeau,  April  29; 
Marshall,  October  13. 

1864 — Pilot  Knob,  September  27 ;  Moreau  River,  October  7 ; 
Prince's  Ford,  October  5;  Glasgow,  October  8;  Little  Blue 
Creek,  October  20;  Big  Blue,  October  22;  Westport,  October 
23 ;  Newtonia,  October  28 ;  Albany,  October  27 ;  near  Eocheport, 
September  23;  Centralia,  September  27. 

STATE  CONSTITUTIONAL  CONVENTION. 

The  delegates  chosen  to  this  body  assembled  in  Mercantile 
Library  Hall,  St.  Louis,  Friday,  January  6,  1865.  The  objects 
of  the  convention  were:  First,  "  to  consider  such  amendments  to 
the  constitution  of  the  State  as  might  be  deemed  necessary  for 
the  emancipation  of  slaves;"  and  second,  "  such  amendments  to 
the  constitution  of  the  State  as  might  be  deemed  necessary  to 
preserve  in  purity  the  elective  franchise  to  loyal  citizens,  and 
such  other  amendments  as  might  be  deemed  essential  to  the  pro- 
motion of  the  public  good.  " 

On  January  11,  the  following  ordinance  was  passed  by  the 
Convention : 

AN  ORDINANCE  ABOLISHING   SLAVERY  IN  MISSOURI. 

He  it  ordained  by  the  People,  of -the  State  of  Minsouri,  in  Gonwation  AssemUed, 
That  hereafter,  in  this  State,  there  shall  be  neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  serv- 
itude, except  in  punishment  of  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly 
convicted;  and  all  persons  held  to  service  or  labor  as  slaves  are  hereby  declared 
free. 

Emancipation  in  Missouri  was  thus  established  by  law,  al- 
though it  had  practically  existed  for  some  time  previous. 

THE  DRAKE  CONSTITUTION. 

It  soon  became  apparent  that  mere  amendments  to  the  con- 
stitution would  not  satisfy  the  leading  members  of  the  convention, 
prominent  among  whom  was  Mr.  Drake,  of  St.  Louis,  who  had 
been  chosen  vice-president.     A   complete   remodeling  of  the  or- 


144  HISTOKY   OF    MISSOURI. 

ganic  laws  of  the  State  seemed  to  many  not  to  fall  within  the 
authority  of  the  convention,  moreover  they  believed  that  the  time 
had  not  come  for  that  dispassionate  and  statesmanlike  legislation 
which  so  important  a  measure  demanded.  However,  the  conven- 
tion proceeded  with  its  sweeping  work  of  reform,  until  it  had  made 
new  provisions  in  every  article  of  the  fundamental  law.  Section 
3  of  Article  XI.  on  the  "  Right  of  Suffrage,  "  which  was  the  ob- 
ject of  the  most  angry  and  exciting  debate  in  the  convention,  and 
a  prolific  source  of  strife  and  division  afterward,  is  here  tran- 
scribed. 

Sec.  3.  At  any  election  held  by  the  people  under  this  constitution,  or  in 
pursuance  of  anj'  law  of  this  State,  or  under  any  ordinance  or  by-law  of  any 
municipal  corporation,  no  person  shall  be  deemed  a  qualified  voter  who  has 
ever  been  in  armed  hostility  to  the  United  States,  or  to  the  lawful  authorities 
thereof,  or  to  the  Government  of  this  Slate;  or  has'eyer  given  aid,  comfort, 
countenance  or  support  to  persons  engaged  in  any  such  hostility;  or  has  ever  in 
any  manner  adhered  to  the  enemies,  foreign  or  domestic,  of  the  United  States, 
either  by  contributing  to  them,  or  by  unlawfully  sending  within  their  lines,  mon- 
ey, goods,  letters,  or  information;  or  has  ever  disloyally  held  communication 
with  such  enemies;  or  has  ever  advised  or  aided  any  person  to  enter  the  service 
of  such  enemies;  or  has  ever,  by  act  or  word  manifested  his  adherence  to  the 
cause  of  such  enemies,  or  his  desire  for  their  triumph  over  the  armies  of  the 
United  States;  or  his  sympathy  with  those  engaged  in  exciting  or  carrying  on 
rebellion  against  the  United  States;  or  has  ever,  except  under  overpowering 
compulsion,  submitted  to  the  authority,  or  been  in  the  service  of  these  so-called 
"  Confederate  Slates  of  America;  "  or  has  ever  left  this  State,  and  gone  within 
the  lines  of  the  armies  of  the  so-called  "  Confederate  States  of  America,"  with 
the  purpose  of  adhering  to  said  States  or  armies;  or  has  ever  been  a  member  of, 
or  connected  with  any  order,  society  or  organization  inimical  to  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  or  to  the  Government  of  this  State;  or  has  ever  been 
engaged  in  guerrilla  warfare  against  loyal  inhabitants  of  the  United  States,  or 
in  that  description  of  marauding  commonly  known  as  "bushwhacking;"  or 
has  ever  knowingly  and  willingly  harbored,  aided  or  countenanced  any  per- 
son so  engaged;  or  has  ever  come  into  or  left  this  State  for  the  purpose  of  avoid- 
ing enrollment  for  or  draft  into  the  military  service  of  the  United  States;  or  has 
ever,  with  a  view  to  avoid  enrollment  in  the  militia  of  this  State,  or  to  escape 
the  performance  of  duty  therein,  or  for  any  other  purpose,  enrolled  himself,  or 
authorized  himself  to  be  enrolled,  by  or  before  any  officer,  as  disloyal  or  as  a 
Southern  sympathizer,  or  in  any  other  terms  iudicatiug  his  disaffection  to  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  in  its  contest  with  rebellion,  or  his  sympathy 
with  those  engaged  in  such  rebellion;  or  having  ever  voted  at  any  election  by 
the  people  in  this  State,  or  in  any  other  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  of  their 
Territories,  or  under  the  United  States,  shall  thereafter  have  sought  or  received, 
under  claim  of  alienage,  the  protection  of  any  foreign  government,  through  any 
consul  or  other  ofiicer  thereof,  in  order  to  secure  exemption  from  military  duty, 
in  the  militia  of  this  State,  or  in  the  army  of  the  United  States;  nor  shall  any 
such  person  be  capable  of  holding,  in  this  State,  anj'  office  of  honor,  trust  or 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  14-5 

profit  under  its  authority ;  or  of  lieing  an  officer,  councilman,  director,  trustee,  or 
other  manager  of  any  corporation,  public  or  private,  now  existing,  or  hereafter 
established  by  its  authoritj'-,  or  of  acting  as  a  professor  or  teacher  in  any  edu- 
cational institution,  or  in  any  common  or  other  school;  or  of  holding  any  real 
estate  or  other  property  in  trust  for  the  use  of  any  church,  religious  society, 
or  congregation.  But  the  foregoing  provisions  in  relation  to  acts  done  against 
the  United  States  shall  not  apply  to  any  person  not  a  citizen  thereof,  who  shall 
have  committed  such  acts  while  in  the  service  of  some  foreign  country  at  war 
with  the  United  States,  and  who  has,  since  such  acts,  been  naturalized,  or  may 
hereafter  be  naturalized,  under  the  laws  of  the  United  States; and  the  oath  of 
loyalty  hereinafter  prescribed,  when  taken  by  any  such  persons,  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  taken  in  such  sense. 

Section  4  provided  for  a  registration  of  the  names  of  qual- 
ified voters,  and  section  5  required  that  the  oath  indicated  in 
the  third  section  should  be  taken  by  every  voter  at  the  time  of  his 
registration.  Taking  the  oath  should  not,  however,  be  deemed 
conclusive  evidence  of  the  right  of  a  person  to  vote,  supposing 
such  right  could  be  otherwise  disproved.  This  section  also  pro- 
vided that  evidence  for  or  against  the  right  of  any  person  to  vote 
should  be  heard  and  passed  upon  by  the  registering  officers  and 
not  by  the  judges  of  election. 

These  officers  should  keep  a  list  of  the  names  of  rejected  voters, 
and  the  same  were  to  be  certified  to  the  judges  of  elections  who 
were  to  receive  the  ballotof  any  such  rejected  voter,  marking  the 
same  as  a  rejected  vote ;  but  even  with  these  precautions  the  vote 
was  not  to  be  received  unless  the  party  casting  it  should,  at  the 
time,  take  the  oath  of  loyalty. 

Under  the  ninth  section  no  person  was  permitted  to  practice 
law,  "or  be  competent  as  a  bishop,  priest,  deacon,  minister,  elder 
or  other  clergyman  of  any  religious  persuasion,  sect  or  denomi- 
nation, to  teach  or  preach,  unless  such  person  shall  have  first 
taken,  subscribed  and  filed  said  oath." 

While  the  article  upon  the  "  executive  department "  was  pend- 
ing, an  effort  was  made  to  introduce  an  amendment  by  which  any 
citizen  of  the  State,  white  or  colored,  male  or  female,  would  be 
eligible  to  the  office  of  governor,  but  the  amendment  was  rejected 
by  a  tie  vote,  as  also  a  similar  proposition  in  reference  to  the 
"Legislative  Department." 

It  is  but  just  to  say,  in  this  connection,  that  the  new  constitu- 
tion, objectionable  and  stringent  as  it  was  in  many  particulars,  was 


146  HISTORY    OF    MISSOUKI. 

admirable  in  respect  to  its  provisions  for  public  instruction,  and 
was  conceded  to  be  so  by  its  bitterest  enemies. 

The  constitution  was  adopted  April  8,  and  two  days  after- 
ward the  convention  adjourned  sine  die. 

An  election  had  been  appointed  for  the  6th  of  June,  1865,  to 
submit  the  new  constitution  to  the  people  for  their  indorsement 
or  rejection,  but  it  had  also  been  provided  that  no  person  should 
vote  at  that  election,  except  those  who  would  be  qualified  as 
voters  under  the  second  article  thereof.  The  canvass  which  fol- 
lowed was  naturally  one  of  the  greatest  bitterness. 

Although  the  war  was  nominally  over,  and  all  the  strong- 
holds of  the  Rebellion  were  in  the  hands  of  the  United  States 
authorities,  yet  there  were  fragmentary  guerrilla  bands  still 
roaming  thi"ough  various  sections  of  the  country,  and  the  war  spirit 
continued  in  undiminished  force.  Multitudes  of  taxpayers  in  the 
State,  not  a  few  of  whom  were  honored  and  influential  citizens, 
and  had  been  noncombatants  during  the  war,  were  disfranchised 
by  the  third  section,  and  denied  the  privilege  of  voting  upon  the 
adoption  or  rejection  of  the  code  of  laws  which  was  to  govern 
them  and  their  children.  On  the  other  hand  it  was  maintained 
with  vigor  that  citizens  who  had  attempted  to  destroy  their  Gov- 
ernment, who  had  committed  treason  either  by  open  deeds  of 
rebellion,  or  by  encouragement,  sympathy  and  aid  given  to  those 
in  rebellion,  had  forfeited  all  right  to  assist  in  conducting  the 
affairs  of  State.  The  election  resulted  in  a  majority  of  1,862 
for  the  constitution,  which  accordingly  went  into  eflPect  July  4, 
1865. 

The  next  General  Assembly  which  convened  at  Jefferson 
City,  on  November  1,  proceeded  to  enact  a  registry  law,  which, 
on  account  of  its  stringency,  occasioned  much  violence  and  dis- 
order in  its  enforcement.  The  "  Casting  Ordinance,"  for  vacat- 
ing certain  civil  ofi&ces,  was  also  attended  with  unpleasant  results. 
That  portion  of  the  ninth  section  in  regard  to  ministers,  lawyers 
and  teachers  excited  so  much  trouble  in  the  State  that  B.  Gratz 
Brown,  Carl  Schurz  and  other  leading  Rjpublicans  set  on  foot 
December,  1866,  a  movement  which  had  for  its  object  universal 
amnesty  and  enfranchisement.  The  movement  soon  became  popu- 
lar throughout  the  State,  and,   in   his  message  to  the  Twenty- 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUBI.  147 

Fourth  General  Assembly,  January,  1867,  Gov.  Fletcher  recom- 
mended an  amendment  to  the  constitution,  striking  out  the 
ninth  section  of  the  second  article.  At  this  session  of  the  Legis- 
lature a  constitutional  amendment  was  submitted  to  the  people 
proposing  to  strike  the  word  "  white  "  from  the  eighteenth  sec- 
tion of  the  second  article,  and  thus  inaugurate  negro  suffrage  in 
Missouri.  While  this  amendment  was  under  consideration  in 
the  House,  Mr.  Orrick  of  St.  Charles  proposed  to  strike  out  not 
only  the  word  "  white  "  but  also  the  word  "male."  This  effort  in 
behalf  of  female  suffrage  was  rejected;  and  at  the  election  of  the 
people  in  November,  1868,  negro  suffrage  was  also  defeated  by  a 
majority  of  18,817  votes. 

The  adjoui-ned  session  of  the  Twenty-fifth  General  Assembly, 
which  met  on  January  5,  1870,  accomplished  important  work  in 
several  directions. 

Gov.  Joseph  W.  McClurg  recommended  in  his  message  the 
ratification  of  the  Fifteenth  Amendment  to  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States,  passed  by  Congress  on  February  27,  1869,  and 
transmitted  to  the  General  Assembly  at  the  same  time  a  copy  of 
the  amendment  as  follows: 

ARTICLE  XV. 

Section  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be 
denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States  or  by  any  State  on  account  of  race, 
color  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

Sec.  3.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropri- 
ate legislation. 

Immediately  upon  the  reading  of  the  amendment,  a  joint  reso- 
lution ratifying  it  was  introduced  into  the  Senate,  and  was  speed- 
il)'  adopted  by  both  Houses  of  the  Legislature. 

DIVISIONS    IN    THE    REPUBLICAN    PARTY. 

The  differences  of  opinion  regarding  universal  amnesty  and 
enfranchisement  were  rapidly  assuming  the  proportions  of  dis- 
cord and  disintegration ;  and  the  Republican  party  in  the  State 
became  divided  in  sentiment  as  well  as  in  name,  being  known  re- 
spectively as  Radicals  and  Liberals;  the  former  maintaining  a 
severe,  and  the  latter  a  more  magnanimous  policy  toward  those 
who  had  complicity  with  the  Rebellion.  The  Democrats,  owing 
to  the  stringent  registry  laws,  were  in  a  hopeless  minority,  and 


148  HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI. 

30  attached  themselves  to  the  Liberal  Republicans,  believiDg  that 
by  this  course  they  might  best  aid  their  disfranchised  brethren) 
and  eventually  gain  control  of  State  politics.  The  State  Nomi- 
nating Convention,  which  met  at  Jefferson  City  on  August  31, 
1870,  witnessed  the  final  division  of  the  Republicans.  The  plat- 
forms of  the  two  branches  of  the  party,  differed  chiefly  in  regard 
to  enfranchisement,  and  the  articles  embodying  their  respective 
sentiments  were  as  follows: 

MAJORITY  OR  LrBERAL  PLATFORM. 

Fourth.  That  the  time  has  come  when  the  requirements  of  public  safely, 
upon  which  alone  the  disfranchisement  of  a  large  number  of  citizens  could  be 
justified,  has  clearly'ceased  to  e.xist,  and  this  convention,  therefore,  true  to  the 
solemn  pledges  recorded^in  our  National  and  State  platforms,  declares  itself  une- 
quivocally in  favor  of  the  adoption  of  the  constitutional  amendments  .com- 
monly called  the  suffrage  and  office-holding  amendments,  believing  that  under 
existing  circumstances  the  removal  of  political  disabilities,  as  well  as  the  exten- 
sion of  equal  political  rights  and;  privileges  to  all  classes  of  citizens,  without 
distinctions,  is  demanded  by  every  consideration  of  j  good  faith,  patriotism  and 
sound  policy,  and  essential  to  the  integrity  of  Republican  institutions,  to  the 
welfare  of  the  State,  and  to  the  honor  and  preservation  of  the  Republican 
p-ATly. 

MISORITT   OR   RADICAL   PLATFORM. 

Third.  That  we  are  in  favor  of  re-enfranchising  those  justly  disfranchised  for 
participation  in  the  late  Rebellion,  as  soon  as  it  can  be  done  with  safety  to  the 
State,  and  that  we  concur  in  the  propriety  of  the  Legislature  having  submitted 
to  the  whole  people  of  the  State  the  question  .whether  such  time  has  now 
arrived;  upon  which  question  we  recognize  the  right  of  any  member  of  the  party 
to  vote  his  honest  convictions. 

The  two  reports  being  before  the  convention,  the  report  of 
the  minority  was  adopted,  whereupon  about  250  delegates,  friends 
of  the  majority  report,  led  by  Mr.  Schurz,  withdrew,  organized  a 
separate  convention,  and  nominated  a  full  State  ticket,  with  B.  j 

Gratz  Brown  as  a  candidate  for  Governor.     The  other  convention  i 

also  nominated  a  full  ticket,  headed  by  Joseph  W.  McClurg  for 
Governor,  at  that  time  incumbent  of  the  office. 

The  election  of  November,  1870,  resulted  in  the  choice  of  the 
B.  Gratz  Brown  ticket  by  a  majority  of  over  40,000  Liberal  and 
Democratic  votes.  This  election  marks  the  period  at  which  the 
Republicans,  who  had  been  for  eight  years  in  the  ascendency, 
surrendered  the  power  which  they  have  since  been  unable  to 


HISTOKY    OF     MISSOUKI.  149 

THE    MURDERS    AT    GUN    CITY. 

During  the  administration  of  Gov.  Brown,  a  bloody  infraction 
of  the  ptiblic  peace  occurred  at  Gun  City,  a  small  station  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Kailroad,  in  Cass  County. 

Judge  J.  C.  Stevenson  was  one  of  the  judges  of  the  late 
county  court  of  Cass  County,  that  had  made  a  fraudulent  issue 
of  bonds  in  the  name  of  the  county,  thereby  imposing  heavy 
burdens  upon  the  taxpayers.  James  C  Cline  was  county  attor- 
ney, and  was  implicated  in  the  swindle,  and  Thomas  E.  Detro 
was  one  of  Cline's  bondsmen.  Both  Stevenson  and  Cline  had 
been  indicted,  and  were  under  heavy  bonds  to  answer  for  the 
offense  with  which  they  were  charged.  All  of  these  men,  to- 
gether with  Gen.  Jo.  Shelby,  were  on  the  eastern  bound  train 
which  reached  Gun  City  on  Wednesday,  April  24,  1872.  At 
this  place  logs,  rails  and  rocks  were  found  piled  upon  the  track, 
and  seventy  or  eighty  masked  and  armed  men  compelled  the  en- 
gineer and  fireman  to  leave  the  locomotive,  and  then  commenced 
a  terrible  fusilade  into  and  around  the  captured  train.  Loud 
cries  were  made  for  Cline,  who  stepped  out  on  the  platform,  and 
was  instantly  riddled  with  bullets.  The  murderers  then  rushed 
through  the  train  calling  for  the  "bond  robbers."  They  shot 
Judge  Stevenson  down  in  the  car,  and  afterward  dragged  him 
out  on  the  grass.  Mr.  Detro  they  found  in  the  mail  car,  and, 
after  severely  wounding  him,  threw  him  on  the  roadside, 
where  he  was  allowed  to  bleed  to  death.  The  gang  then  called 
for  Gen.  Jo.  Shelby,  but  his  intrepidity  saved  him,  as  he  coolly 
kept  his  seat,  replying,  "  Here  I  am;  if  you  want  me  come  and 
get  me." 

Gov.  Brown  at  once  took  measures  to  bring  the  murderers  to 
justice,  but  they  were  never  discovered.  No  further  disturbance 
occurred,  however. 

AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  STATE  CONSTITCTTION. 

At  an  adjourned  session  of  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Assem- 
bly, which  convened  December  6,  1871,  two  constitutional 
amendments  had  been  submitted  to  the  votes  of  the  people. 

These  were  ratified  at  the  November  election  in  1872.  The 
first  increased  the  number  of  supreme  court  judges  from   three 


150  HISTOBJ    OF     MISSOURI. 

to  five,  fixing  their  term  of  oflice  at  ten  years,  and  providing  that 
two  additional  judges  should  be  elected  at  the  general  election 
in  1872,  and  one  judge  at  each  general  election,  every  two  years 
thereafter. 

The  second  provided  that  no  part  of  the  public  school  fund 
should  ever  be  invested  in  the  stock  or  bonds  or  other  obliga- 
tions of  any  other  State,  or  of  any  county,  city,  town  or  cor- 
poration; that  the  stock  of  the  bank  of  the  State  of  Missouri, 
held  for  school  purposes,  and  all  other  stocks  belonging  to  any 
school  or  university  fund,  should  be  sold  in  such  manner  and  at 
such  time  as  the  General  Assembly  should  prescribe;  and  the 
proceeds  thereof,  and  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  any  lands  or 
other  property  which  belonged  or  might  hereafter  belong  to  said 
school  fund,  should  be  invested  in  the  bonds  of  the  State  of 
Missouri,  or  of  the  United  States,  and  that  all  county  school 
funds  should  be  loaned  upon  good  and  sufficient  and  unincum- 
bered real  estate  security,  with  personal  security  in  addition 
thereto. 

REVISION  OF  THE  STATE  CONSTITUTION. 

During  an  adjourned  session  of  the  Legislature,  which  met 
on  January  7,  1874,  a  law  had  been  passed  authorizing  a  vote  of 
the  people  to  be  taken  at  the  general  election  in  November,  1874, 
for  and  against  calling  a  convention  to  revise  and  amend  the 
constitution  of  the  State.  This  convention  was  agreed  to  by 
a  majority  of  only  283.  An  election  for  delegates  took  place  on 
January  26,  1875.  On  May  5  of  the  same  year  the  convention 
assembled  at  the  Capitol.  It  consisted  of  sixty-eight  members, 
sixtj'  of  whom  were  Democrats,  six  Republicans,  and  two  Lib- 
erals. A  thorough  revision  of  the  entire  organic  law  was  made, 
both  in  committee  and  in  convention.  Every  department  of  the 
State  Government  passed  under  review,  and  many  important 
changes  were  made,  which  can  not  be  discussed  here,  but  they 
are  familiar  to  every  well-informed  citizen  of  the  State. 

The  bill  of  rights  occasioned  much  discussion.  County  rep- 
resentation, which  has  been  a  feature  of  every  State  constitution, 
including  the  first,  was  still  maintained  in  spite  of  opposition. 
Carefully  prepared  and  stringent  limitations  on  the  powers  of 
the  General  Assemblv  were  engrafted  on  the  new  instrument. 


HISTOEY    OF     MISSOURI.  151 

Sessions  of  the  Legislature  were  made  biennial,  and  the  guber- 
natorial term  changed  from  two  to  four  years.  The  formation  of 
new  counties  was  made  extremely  difficult  or  impossible.  The 
power  of  the  Legislature,  and  of  counties,  cities,  towns  and  all 
other  municipalities,  to  levy  taxes  and  contract  debts,  was  hedged 
about  with  limitations  and  safeguards.  Extra  mileage  and  per- 
quisites to  officials  were  laid  under  embargo.  Our  system  of 
free  public  schools,  embracing  a  liberal  policy  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  the  State  University,  received  recognition  in  the  article 
on  education.  The  final  vote  on  the  adoption  of  the  constitu- 
tion as  a  whole  stood — ayes,  sixty;  noes,  none;  absent,  eight. 
October  30,  1875,  the  people  ratified  the  constitution  by  a  major- 
ity of  76,688,  and  on  the  30th  of  November,  1875,  it  became  the 
supreme  law. 

GOV.  Crittenden's  administration. 

In  1880,  Thomas  T.  Crittenden,  of  Johnson  County,  received 
the  Democratic  nomination  for  Governor  of  Missouri,  and  was 
elected  in  November  of  that  year.  Gov.  Crittenden's  competitors 
for  the  nomination  were  Gen.  John  S.  Marmaduke,  of  St.  Louis, 
and  John  A.  Hockaday,  of  Callaway  County.  In  his  inaugural 
address,  he  recommended  refunding  at  a  lower  rate  of  interest  all 
that  part  of  the  State  debt  which  could  be  thus  refunded;  some 
measures  for  the  relief  of  the  docket  of  the  supreme  court  of  the 
State,  and  a  compromise  of  the  indebtedness  of  several  counties. 
He  also  condemned  in  the  strongest  terms  the  doctrine  of  repu- 
diation. 

Gov.  Crittenden  is  by  birth  a  Kentuckian — a  direct  descend- 
ant of  the  old  Crittenden  stock  so  long  and  deservedly  prominent 
and  popular  in  the  State  of  Kentucky.  Though  himself  a  slave- 
holder, at  the  outbreak  of  our  Civil  War  he  espoused  the  cause 
of  the  Union,  and  no  braver  officer  than  he  ever  faced  an  army. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  found  in  the  front  rank  of  the  con- 
servative portion  of  the  people,  who  contended  that  peace  should 
prevail,  and  the  bitter  animosities  of  the  past  be  forgotten. 

He  was  sent  to  Congress,  where,  in  more  than  one  instance  he 
proved  his  integrity.  Throughout  his  entire  career,  no  stain  of 
venality  adhered  to  his  fair  name,  and  no  act  of  violence  char- 
acterized his  discharge  of  any  duty. 


152  HISTOKY    OF     MISSOURI. 

Under  his  guiding  hand,  the  credit  of  the  State  advanced  to 
a  par  with  that  of  the  Federal  Government ;  the  debt  of  the  State 
gradually  diminished,  and  all  of  her  educational  interests  fos- 
tered and  nourished. 

When  Gov.  Crittenden  took  charge  of  the  helm  of  State,  a  por- 
tion of  the  border  was  infested  with  a  lawless  band  of  thieves  and 
mui'derers,  known  as  the  ''  James  Gang,  "  who  murdered  without 
pity,  and  robbed  without  regard  to  person.  He  resolved  to  dis- 
band them.  Soon  some  of  the  most  desperate  of  the  gang  were 
in  the  hands  of  the  officers,  and,  in  one  instance,  when  resistance 
and  rescue  were  threatened.  Gov.  Crittenden  attended  the  trial  in 
person,  with  a  few  chosen  friends,  determined  to  defend  the 
supremacy  of  the  law  with  his  life  if  necessary. 

One  by  one,  the  members  of  this  gang  were  hunted  down  and 
sent  to  the  penitentiary,  and  finally  Jesse  James  was  shot  at  St. 
Joseph  by  the  "Ford  Boys,"  former  comrades,  who  had  been 
employed  to  capture  him. 

HANNIBAL    &    ST.    JOSEPH    KAILEOAD    CONTEOVEBSY. 

By  continued  legislation,  commencing  with  the  act  approved 
February  22,  1851,  and  ending  with  that  of  March  26,  1881,  the 
State  of  Missouri  granted  liberal  aid  in  the  construction  of  rail- 
roads within  her  boundaries.  The  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Kail- 
road  was  among  the  enterprises  thus  assisted,  and,  for  its  con- 
struction, bonds  of  the  State  amounting  to  $3,000,000,  bearing  in- 
terest at  6  per  cent  per  annum,  payable  semi-annually,  were  issued. 
One-half  of  these  bonds  were  issued  under  the  act  of  1851,  and 
the  remainder  under  the  act  of  1855.  The  former  were  to  run 
twenty  years,  and  the  latter  thirty  years.  Some  of  these  bonds 
have  since  been  funded  and  renewed.  Coupons  for  the  interest 
of  the  entire  $3,000,000  were  executed  and  made  j^ayable  in  New 
York.  The  acts  under  which  the  bonds  were  issued  contain  vari- 
ous provisions  designed  to  secure  the  State  against  loss  and  to 
make  it  certain  that  the  railroad  company  would  be  bound  to  pay 
the  principal  and  interest  at  maturity.  It  was  especially  made 
the  duty  of  the  railroad  company  to  save  the  State  from  any  and 
all  loss  on  account  of  said  bonds  and  coupons.  The  State  treas- 
urer was  not  to  advance  any  money  to  meet  either  principal  or 


HISTOBY    OF    MISSOURI.  153 

interest.  The  State  contracted  witJi  the  railroad  company  for 
complete  indemnity.  Neither  was  she  required  to  relinquish  her 
statutory  mortgage  lien,  except  upon  the  payment  into  her  treas- 
ury of  a  sum  of  money  equal  to  the  entire  indebtedness  incurred 
by  the  railroad  company  on  account  of  the  issue  and  loan  of  her 
bonds. 

In  June,  1881,  the  railroad  company,  through  its  attorney, 
George  W.  Easley,  Esq.,  paid  into  the  State  treasury  $3,000,000, 
and  asked  for  a  receipt  in  full  of  all  dues  to  the  State.  The 
treasurer,  Mr.  Philip  E.  Chappell,  refused  to  give  such  a  receipt, 
but  instead  gave  a  receipt  for  the  sum  "on  account."  Although 
the  debt  was  not  due,  the  officers  of  the  railroad  wished  to  pay  it 
at  this  time  in  order  to  save  the  interest.  They  first  asked  for 
the  bonds  of  the  road,  but  these  the  State  refused  to  give  up. 
They  then  demanded  that  the  $3,000,000  be  paid  back,  and  this 
demand  was  also  refused.  Tlie  railroad  company  then  brought 
suit  in  the  United  States  Court  for  an  equitable  settlement  of  the 
matter  in  dispute.  The  $3,000,000  had  been  deposited  in  a  bank 
by  the  State  authorities,  and  was  drawing  interest  at  the  rate  of 
only  one-fourth  of  one  per  cent.  The  railroad  company  asked 
that  this  money  should  be  invested  so  as  to  yield  a  larger  amount 
of  interest,  which  interest  should  be  allowed  to  its  credit,' in  case 
anything  should  be  found  due  from  it  to  the  State.  Justice  Mil- 
ler, of  the  United  States  stipreme  court,  who  heard  the  case  upon 
preliminary  injunction  in  the  spring  of  1882,  decided  that  the 
unpaid  and  unmatured  coupons  constituted  a  liability  of  the  State, 
and  a  debt  owing,  though  not  due,  and  that  until  these  were  pro- 
vided for,  the  State  was  not  bound  to  assign  her  lien  upon  the 
road. 

Another  question  which  was  raised  but  not  decided  was 
whether  any,  or  if  so^  what  account  the  State  ought  to  render  for 
the  use  of  the  money  paid  into  the  treasury  by  the  complainants, 
June  20;  and  whether  she  could  hold  so  large  a  sum  of  money, 
refusing  to  make  any  account  of  it,  and  yet  insisting  that  the 
railroad  company  should  make  full  payment  of  all  the  outstand- 
ing coupons. 

Upon  this  subject  Justice  Miller,  in  the  course  of  his  opin- 
ion said:     "I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  State,  having  accepted 


154  HISTORY   OF    MISSOUBI. 

or  got  this  money  into  her  possession,  is  under  a  moral  obligation 
(and  I  do  not  pretend  to  commit  anybody  as  to  how  far  its  legal 
obligation  goes)  to  so  use  that  money  as,  so  far  as  possible,  to 
protect  the  parties  who  have  paid  it  against  the  loss  of  the  inter- 
est which  it  might  accumulate,  and  which  would  go  to  extinguish 
the  interest  on  the  State's  obligation." 

February  25,  1881,  Gov.  Crittenden  sent  a  special  message  to 
the  Legislature  in  which  he  informed  that  body  of  the  intention 
of  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Bailroad  Company  to  discharge 
the  full  amount  of  what  it  considered  its  present  indebtedness  to 
the  State,  and  advised  that  arrangements  be  made  for  the  profit- 
able disposal  of  the  sum  as  soon  as  paid.  In  response  to  this 
message  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  March  26,  the  second 
section  of  which  is  as  follows:  ' 

»  Sec.  3.  Whenever  there  is  sufficient  money  in  the  sinking  fund  to  redeem 
or  purchase  one  or  more  of  the  bonds  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  such  sum  is 
hereby  appropriated  for  such  purpose,  and  the  Fund  Commissioners  shall  im- 
mediately call  in  for  payment  a  like  amount  of  the  option  bonds  of  the  State, 
known  as  the  "5-20  bonds,"  provided,  that  if  there  are  no  option  bonds  which 
can  be  called  in  for  payment  they  may  invest  such  money  in  the  purchase  of 
any  of  the  bonds  of  the  State,  or  bonds  of  the  United  States,  the  Hannibal  &  St. 
Joseph  Railroad  bonds  excepted. 

On  the  1st  of  January,  1882,  the  regular  semi-annual  payment 
of  interest  on  the  railroad  bonds  became  due,  but  the  company 
refused  to  pay,  claiming  that  it  had  already  discharged  the 
principal,  and  consequently  was  not  liable  for  the  interest.  There- 
upon, according  to  the  provisions  of  the  aiding  act  of  1885,  Gov. 
Crittenden  advertised  the  road  for  sale  in  default  of  the  payment 
of  interest.  The  company  then  brought  suit  before  United 
States  Circuit  Judge  McCrary  at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  to  enjoin  the 
State  from  selling  the  road,  and  for  such  other  and  further  relief 
as  the  court  might  see  fit  and  proper  to  grant.  August  2,  1882, 
Judge  McCrary  delivered  his  opinion    and   judgment  as  follows: 

"  First.  That  the  payment  by  complainants  into  the  treasury 
of  the  State  of  the  sum  of  $3,000,000  on  the  2Gth  of  June,  1881, 
did  not  satisfj'  the  claim  of  the  State  in  full,  nor  entitle  complain- 
ants to  an  assignment  of  the  State's  statutory  mortgage. 

"  Second.  That  the  State  was  bound  to  invest  the  principal 
sum  of  §3,000,000  so  paid  by  the  complainants  without  unneces- 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI.  155 

sary  delay  in  the  securities  named  in  the  act  of  March  26, 1881,  or 
some  of  them,  and  so  as  to  save  the  State  as  large  a  sum  as  possible, 
which  sum  so  saved  would  have  constituted  as  between  the  State 
and  complainants  a  credit  2>fo  tanio  upon  the  unmatured  coupons 
now  in  controversy. 

"  Third.  That  the  rights  and  equity  of  the  parties  are  to  be 
determined  upon  the  foregoing  principles,  and  the  State  must 
stand  charged  with  what  would  have  been  realized  if  the  act  of 
March,  1881,  had  been  complied  with.  It  only  remains  to  con- 
sider what  the  rights  of  the  parties  are  upon  the  principles 
here  stated. 

"  In  order  to  save  the  State  from  loss  on  account  of  the  default 
of  the  railroad  company,  a  further  sum  must  be  paid.  In  order  to 
determine  what  that  further  sum  is,  an  accounting  must  be  had. 
The  question  to  be  settled  by  the  accounting  is,  how  much 
would  the  State  have  lost  if  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  March, 
1881,  had  been  complied  with?  *  *  *  *  j  think 
a  perfectly  fair  basis  of  settlement  would  be  to  hold  the  State 
liable  for  whatever  could  have  been  saved  by  the  prompt  execu- 
tion of  said  act  by  taking  up  such  5-20  option  bonds  of  the  State 
as  were  subject  to  call  when  the  money  was  paid  to  the  State,  and 
investing  the  remainder  of  the  funds  in  the  bonds  of  the  United 
States  at  the  market  rates. 

"  Upon  this  basis  a  calculation  can  be  made,  and  the  exact  sum 
still  to  be  paid  by  the  complainants  in  order  to  fully  indemnify 
and  protect  the  State  can  be  ascertained.  For  the  pur23ose  of 
stating  an  account  upon  this  basis,  and  of  determining  the  sum 
to  be  paid  by  the  complainants  to  the  State,  the  cause  will  be 
referred  to  John  K.  Cravens,  one  of  the  masters  of  this  court.  In 
determining  the  time  when  the  investment  should  have  been  made 
under  the  act  of  March,  1881,  the  master  will  allow  a  reasonable 
period  for  the  time  of  the  receipt  of  the  said  sum  of  §3,000,000  by 
the  treasurer  of  the  State — that  is  to  say,  such  time  as  would  have 
been  required  for  that  purpose  had  the  officers  charged  with  the 
duty  of  making  said  investment  used  reasonable  diligence  in  its 
discharge. 

"  The  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Eailroad  is  advertised  for  sale 
for  the  amount  of  the  installment  of  interest  due  January  1,  1882, 


156  HISTOEY    OF     MISSOURI. 

which  installment  amounts  to  less  than  the  sum  which  the  com- 
pany must  pay  in  order  to  discharge  its  liabilities  to  the  State 
upon  the  theory  of  this  opinion.  The  order  will  therefore  be 
that  an  injunction  be  granted  to  enjoin  the  sale  of  the  road 
upon  the  payment  of  the  said  installment  of  interest  due  January 
1,  1882,  and  if  such  payment  is  made,  the  master  will  take  it 
into  account  in  making  the  computation  above  mentioned." 

THE  ELECTION  OF  1884. 

The  campaign  of  1884,  both  nationally  and  in  the  State,  was 
the  most  hotly  contested  of  any  this  country  has  ever  seen.  In 
Missouri  an  alliance  was  effected  between  the  Eepublican  and 
Greenback  parties,  and  a  ticket  headed  by  the  name  of  Nicholas 
Ford,  of  St.  Joseph,  and  called  the  "  Anti-Bourbon  ticket,"  was  put 
into  the  field  against  the  Democracy,  headed  by  Gen.  John  S. 
Marmaduke,  of  St.  Louis.  A  third  party,  known  as  Prohibition- 
ists, exercised  considerable  influence  in  the  canvass.  The  "Anti- 
Bourbon  "  party  made  their  fight  against  the  record  of  the 
Democrats,  who  had  been  in  uninterrupted  power  for  twelve 
years,  and  especially  against  the  tendency  of  the  Democracy  to 
recognize  and  reward  men  who  had  been  in  rebellion  during  the 
Civil  War.  This  plea,  owing  to  the  nomination  of  Marmaduke, 
who  had  been  a  Confederate  general,  was  of  considerable  service 
to  the  opponents  of  Democracy,  and  came  near  securing  the 
defeat  of  the  party.  The  campaign  on  the  part  of  the  Democrats 
was  mainly  a  defensive  one;  while  John  A.  Brooks,  the  Prohibi- 
tion candidate,  urged  that  neither  Ford  nor  Marmaduke  shovdd  be 
elected,  pledging  himself  in  favor  of  submitting  a  constitutional 
amendment  to  prohibit  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  intoxicating 
liquors.  Mr.  Brooks  made  a  strong  fight,  and  polled  nearly 
10,000  votes.  Marmaduke  was  elected  by  a  majority  of  less  than 
2,000,  although  the  Cleveland  electors  carried  the  State  by  about 
30,000.  All  of  the  Democratic  State  ticket  was  elected  by  vary- 
ing majorities,  and  also  twelve  out  of  fourteen  congressmen  were 
chosen  by  the  same  party. 

Nothwithstanding  the  opposition  manifested  toward  him  Gov. 
Marmaduke  made  an  excellent  career  as  an  Executive,  discharg- 
ing his  duties  in  an  impartial,  conservative  manner.      On  Tues- 


HISTOBY   OF    MISSOURI.  157 

day,  December,  27,  1887,  news  of  the  sudden  and  serious  illness 
of  the  Governor  was  spread  over  the  country.  This  was  soon 
followed,  on  the  evening  of  December  28,  by  tidings  of  his  death. 
Lieut. -Gov.  Morehouse  subsequently  qualified  as  Governor  of 
the  State,  and  is  the  present  incumbent  of  the  position. 

THE  EAELY  COURTS. 

As  the  District  of  Louisiana  was  for  many  years  under  the 
dominion  of  Spain,  it  became  necessary  for  the  early  lawyers  to 
acquaint  themselves  with  Spanish  civil  and  criminal  laws.  This 
they  uniformly  did,  and  even  after  the  district  came  into  the  pos- 
session of  the  United  States  the  rules  which  obtained  in  the 
Spanish  and  French  courts  were  still  clung  to.  Until  the  District 
was  purchased  by  the  United  States,  the  administration  or  execu- 
tion of  the  laws  was  in  the  hands  of  the  civil  and  military  com- 
mandants, who  in  most  instances  were  both  ill-informed  and 
arbitrary.  In  1804  Congress  extended  the  executive  power  of 
the  Territory  of  Indiana  over  that  of  Louisiana,  and  the  execu- 
tion of  the  laws  of  what  is  now  Missoiu-i  fell  to  William  Henry 
Harrison,  Governor,  and  Griifin,  Vanderburg  and  Davis,  judges. 
The  first  courts  were  held  in  the  winter  of  1804^05  in  the  old 
fort  near  the  junction  of  Fifth  and  Walnut  Streets,  St.  Louis,  and 
were  called  courts  of  common  pleas.  In  March,  1805,  the 
District  of  Louisiana  was  changed  to  the  Territory  of  Louis- 
iana, *  and  James  Wilkinson  became  Governor;  Frederick 
Bates,  secretary;  and  James  Wilkinson,  Return  J.  Meigs  and  J. 
B.  C.  Lucas,  judges  of  the  superior  court  of  the  Territory.  At 
this  time  the  executive  oflices  were  in  the  old  government  build- 
ing called  La  Place  (V  Armes,  St.  Louis.  The  districts  of  the 
Territory  were  changed  to  counties,  Territorial  courts  superseded 
the  commandants,  and  the  rules  of  the  English  common  law  soon 
banished  those  of  France  and  Spain.  Courts  of  common  pleas 
were  established  by  the  Territorial  Legislature  in  1813.  Since 
the  formation  of  the  State  Government  the  constitution  and  the 
Legislature  have  provided  the  number  and  character  of  the  State 
courts. 

PUBLIC  AND  PRIVATE  SCHOOLS. 

The  public  school  system  of  Missouri  is  similar  to  that  of 
other  States.     The  fii'st  constitution  of  the  State  provided  that 


158  HISTORY    OF    MISSOURI. 

"  one  school  or  more  shall  be  established  in  each  township  as 
soon  as  practicable  and  necessary,  where  the  poor  shall  be  taught 
gratis."  It  was  not  until  1839  that  the  school  system  was  divest- 
ed of  the  clause  limiting  its  benefits  to  the  poor.  At  that  date 
provision  was  made  for  a  State  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion, for  a  county  board  of  education,  and  for  a  township  board. 
From  that  time  forward  the  system  has  steadily  grown  in  useful- 
ness and  power.  Its  greatest  growth  succeeded  the  Civil  War. 
Now  not  less  than  25  per  cent  of  the  State's  revenue,  exclusive  of 
the  sinking  fund  and  interest,  is  devoted  to  the  support  of  the 
public  schools. 

Before  the  establishment  of  the  free  school  system,  education 
throughout  the  State  was  obtained  wholly  from  private  institu- 
tions of  learning.  The  University  of  Missouri  was  founded 
about  the  time  the  State  was  admitted  to  the  Federal  Union, 
when  two  townships  of  land  were  granted  for  the  support  of  a 
seminary  of  learning.  In  1832  this  land  was  sold  for  less  than 
$75,000,  but  by  1839  this  amount  had  grown  to  over  $100,000. 
In  the  latter  year  the  site  was  selected  for  the  University  at  Col- 
umbia, which  offered  a  bonus  of  $117,500  to  secure  the  location 
— a  remarkable  offering  for  that  day.  The  corner-stone  was  laid 
in  1840,  and  John  H.  Lathrop,  D.  D.,  became  the  first  president. 
To  this  institution  the  following  departments  have  since  been 
added:  normal  department,  1868;  agricultural  and  mechanical 
college,  1870;  schools  of  mines  and  metallurgy,  1871,  at  Eolla; 
college  of  law,  1872;  medical  college,  1873;  department  of  analyt- 
ical and  applied  chemistry,  1873;  architecture,  engineering, 
mechanical  and  fine  arts,  etc.  The  State  may  well  be  proud  of 
this  institution. 

St.  Louis  University  was  established  in  1829,  and  has  become 
one  of  the  best  educational  institutions  of  the  country.  Since  the 
war  the  State  has  founded  an  educational  institution  for  colored 
people — Lincoln  Institute,  at  Jefferson  City — which  is  sup- 
ported by  an  annual  appropriation.  Several  normal  colleges  have 
also  been  established  by  the  Legislature,  which  conti-ibute  mate- 
rially toward  the  elevation  of  the  standard  of  education  in  the 
State.  In  nearly  every  county  is  a  seminary,  academy,  college, 
or  university,  supported  by  tuition  or  endowments,  and  controlled 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI.  159 

by  some  sectarian  organization,  or  by  a  non-sectarian  association. 
In  1817  the  Legislature  incorporated  the  board  of  trustees  of 
the  St.  Louis  public  schools,  and  this  was  the  commencement  of 
the  present  system.  The  first  board  was  Gen.  William  Clarke, 
William  C.  Carr,  Thomas  H.  Benton,  Bernard  Pratt,  Auguste 
Chouteau,  Alexander  McNair  and  John  P.  Cabanne.  Much 
should  have  been,  and  was,  expected  of  this  board,  owing  to  their 
prominence  and  ability,  but  they'did  little  or  nothing,  and  it  was 
not  until  twenty  years  later  that  the  system  sprang  into  life. 

CHURCHES. 

Bcqyfisi. — The  first  Baptist  Church  organized  in  what  is  now 
the  State  of  Missouri  was  founded  near  the  present  site  of  Jack- 
son, Cape  Girardeau  County,  in  1806,  under  the  labors  of  Rev. 
D.  Green.  The  growth  of  the-  denomination  has  been  marked. 
It  has  gone  steadily  on  in  its  increase,  until  now  it  marshals  a 
great  host,  and  it  is  still  rapidly  enlarging  in  numbers,  and  ad- 
vancing in  intelligence  and  general  thrift.  The  annual  report  of 
the  Baptist  General  Association  of  Missouri,  for  1875,  gives  the 
following  statistics:  61  district  associations;  1,400  churches;  824 
ordained  ministers;  89,650  members.  The  Bible  and  Publication 
Society,  with  headquarters  at  Philadelphia,  has  a  branch  house  at 
St.  Louis  which  has  become  one  of  the  chief  book  establishments 
of  the  State.  The  Baptist  periodicals  of  the  State  are  the  Cen- 
tral Baptist  and  ForcVs  Repository,  both  published  in  St.  Louis. 
The  Baptist  seats  of  learning  in  Missouri  are  William  Jewell 
College,  Liberty;  Stephens'  College,  Columbia;  Mt.  Pleasant 
College,  Huntsville;  Baptist  Female  College,  Lexington;  La 
Grange  College,  La  Grange ;  Baptist  College,  Louisiana ;  Liberty 
Female  College,  Liberty ;  St.  Louis  Seminary  for  Young  Ladies, 
Jenning's  Station;  Fairview  Female  Seminary,  Jackson;  Boon- 
ville  Seminary  for  Young  Ladies ;  North  Grand  Eiver  College, 
Edinburg;  Ingleside  Academy,  Palmyra. 

Christian. — This  is  one  of  the  largest  denominations  in  Mis- 
souri; it  has  more  than  500  churches  and  nearly  100,000  mem- 
bers. The  literary  institutions  of  the  denomination  are  Christian 
College,  Columbia;  Christian  University,  Canton;  Woodland 
College,    Independence;     Christian    Orphan    Asylum,     Camden 


160  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

Point.  The  publications  of  this  denomination  in  Missouri  are; 
The  Christian,  The  Little  Watctiman,  The  Little  Sower,  and  The 
Morning  Watch,  all  published  at  St.  Louis. 

Congregational. — The  first  Trinitarian  Congregational  Church 
was  organized  in  St.  Louis,  in  1852,  Rev.  T.  M.  Post,  D.  D.,  pas- 
tor. The  church  in  Hannibal  was  organized  in  1859.  In  1864-65 
fifteen  churches  were  organized  in  towns  on  the  Hannibal 
&  St.  Joseph  Railroad.  In  1875  the  denomination  had  5  dis- 
trict associations,  70  churches,  41  ministers  and  3,363  membei's. 
There  are  two  Congregational  colleges  in  the  State — Thayer  Col- 
lege, at  Kidder,  and  Drury  College,  at  Springfield. 

Episcoi')al. — The  first  service  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  in  Missouri  was  held  October  24,  1819,  and  Christ 
Church,  St.  Louis,  was  organized  as  a  parish  November  1,  of  the 
same  year.  The  Rev.  John  Ward,  previously  of  Lexington,  Ky., 
was  the  first  rector.  Six  persons  united  in  the  first  service.  In 
1875  there  were  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis  12  parishes  and  mis- 
sions and  as  many  clergymen;  while,  taking  all  parts  of  the 
State,  there  were  about  5,000  communicants,  51  ministers,  48 
church  buildings,  57  Sunday-schools  with  4,000  scholars,  and  475 
teachers.  The  denomination  controlled  4  secular  schools.  The 
Diocese  of  Missouri  is  conterminous  with  the  State  of  Missouri. 
Friends. — The  following  are  the  approximate  statistics  of 
this  denomination  in  Missouri:  Number  of  organizations  and 
edifices,  4;  sittings,  1,100;  value  of  property,  $4,800. 

Israelite. — There  is  scarcely  a  county  in  the  State  of  Mis- 
souri where  at  least  one  dozen  Jewish  families  are  not  settled. 
Jefferson  City,  Sedalia,  Springfield,  RoUa,  Washington,  Macon 
City,  Louisiana,  Hannibal  and  several  othec  places,  have  wealthy, 
influential  Jewish  citizens,  but  too  few  in  numbers  to  form  inde- 
pendent religious  communities.  In  St.  Louis,  St.  Joseph  and 
Kansas  City  they  have  established  congregations.  Sabbath- 
schools,  houses  of  worship  and  institutions  of  charity.  The 
oldest  Hebrew  congregation  in  Missouri  was  organized  in  1838, 
at  St.  Louis.  The  following  summary  gives  an  approximate 
statement  of  the  Israelite  congregations  in  Missouri:  congrega- 
tions, 8 ;  members,  557 ;  ministers,  8 ;  houses  of  worship,  7 ;  Sab- 
bath-schools, 9 ;  with  12  teachers,  and  574  scholars. 


HISTOEY    OF    MISSOURI.  161 

Lidherun. — The  first  Lutheran  Church  organized  in  Mis- 
souri was  founded  in  St.  Louis  in  1839.  The  number  of  churches 
is  now  about  92.  The  Lutheran  educational  institutions  of  the 
State  are  Concordia  College  and  a  high  school,  both  at  St.  Louis. 
The  charitable  institutions  are  the  Lutheran  Hospital  and  Asy- 
lum at  St.  Louis,  and  the  Lutheran  Orphans'  Home  in  St.  Louis 
County.  At  St.  Louis  are  also  located  the  Lutheran  Central 
Bible  Society,  and  the  Lutheran  Book  Concern  of  the  German 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  of  Missouri,  Ohio  and  other  States. 
The  following  Lutheran  periodicals  are  published  in  St.  Louis: 
Der  Luiheraner,  Die  Abendschule,  Lehreund  Wehre,  and  the 
Evangel  Lidheran  Schublatt  German  Evangelical.  There  are,  in 
Missouri,  perhajis  45  churches  of  this  denomination,  comprising 
7,500  members.  The  Friedenshote  is  the  name  of  a  newspaper 
published  under  its  patronage.  Evangelical  Missouri  College  is 
the  theological  seat  of  learning  in  this  synod,  and  is  located  in 
Warren  County. 

Methodist  Episcopal. — The  Methodist  Episcojjal  Church  in 
Missouri  dates  from  an  early  period  in  the  history  of  the  State. 
Indeed,  several  societies  were  formed  before  it  became  a  State, 
and  these  were  a  part  of  the  old  Illinois  Conference.  When  the 
separation  of  1844-45  took  place,  and  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  South  was  formed,  the  societies  in  Missouri  were  broken 
up  with  few  exceptions,  and  the  members  either  joined  that 
organization  or  remained  unable  to  effect  a  reorganization  of  their 
own  until  1848,  when  the  Missouri  Conference  resumed  its  ses- 
sions. During  the  Civil  War  the  preachers  and  members  were 
driven  from  nearly  all  the  stations  and  districts.  There  were 
probably  less  than  3,000  persons  in  actual  fellowship  in  1861  and 
1862.  In  May,  1862,  the  general  conference  added  Arkansas  to 
the  Missouri  Conference,  and  it  bore  the  name  of  "  The  Mis- 
souri and  Arkansas  Conference,"  until  1868,  when  it  was  divided, 
the  societies  north  of  the  Missouri  River  retaining  the  old  name, 
Missouri  Conference;  and  the  societies  south  of  the  river,  and 
those  in  Arkansas,  being  formed  into  the  "St.  Louis  Conference." 
In  1872  the  societies  in  Missouri,  south  of  the  river,  became  the 
St.   Louis  Conference,    those  in    Arkansas  the    Arkansas    Con- 


162  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

ference.  The  two  conferences  of  Missouri  now  comprise  about 
375  churches  and  30,000  members.  They  have  several  flourish- 
ing schools  and  colleges,  the  principal  of  which  are  Lewis  College, 
Glasgow ;  Johnson  College,  Macon  City,  and  Carleton  Institute  in 
Southeast  Missouri.  The  Western  Book  Depository  is  doing  a 
large  business  in  St.  Louis,  and  its  agents  also  publish  the 
Central  Christian  Advocate. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South. — The  first  preaching  by  a 
Protestant  minister  in  this  State  was  by  a  Methodist  local 
preacher,  John  Clark  by  name,  who  resided  where  Alton  now 
stands,  and  who  occasionally  crossed  the  river  to  a  settlement  of 
Americans  near  Florissant.  The  first  regularly  appointed 
Methodist  preacher  was  Eev.  John  Travis,  who  received  an 
appointment  from  Bishop  Asbury  in  1806.  He  formed  two 
circuits,  and  at  the  end  of  the  year  returned  100  members.  These 
circuits  were  called  "  Missouri "  and  "  Meramec,"  and  at  the 
conference  of  1S07,  Jesse  Walker  was  sent  to  supply  the  former, 
and  Edmund  Wilcox  the  latter. 

From  this  time  preachers  were  regularly  appointed,  and  in 
1820  there  were,  in  Missoui-i,  21  traveling  preachers,  and  2,079 
members.  In  1821  Methodism  proper  was  introduced  into  St. 
Louis  by  Bev.  Jesse  Walker,  who  secured  the  erection  of  a  small 
house  of  worship  on  the  corner  of  what  is  now  Fourth  and  Myrtle 
Streets,  and  returned  127  members. 

MISSOURI    GOVERNORS UNDER  THE    FRENCH    GOVERNMENT. 

Commandant. — April  9,  1682,  Eobert  Cavalier  de  La  Salle. 

Governors.--lQ98  to  July  22,  1701,  Sauvalle;  1701  to  May 
17,  1713,  Bienville;  1713  to  March  9,  1717,  Lamothe  Cadillac; 
1717  to  March  9,  1718,  Del'Epinay;  1718  to  January  16,  1724, 
Bienville;  1721  to  1726,  Boisbriant;  1726  to  1733,  Perier;  1733 
to  May  10,  1713,  Bienville;  1713  to  February  9,  1753,  Yaudreuil; 
1753  to  June  29,  1763,  Kerlerec;  1763  to  February  4,  1765, 
D'Abadie;  February,  1765,  M.  Aubry,  acting. 

Commandant. — July  17,  1765,  to  May  20,  1770,  Louis  St. 
Ange  de  Bellerive,  de  facto. 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOUBI.  163 

UNDER    THE    SPANISH    GOVERNMENT. 

Lieutenant  Governor s.—Maj  20, 1770,  to  May  19,  1775,  Pedro 
Piernas;  1775  to  June  17,  1778,  Francisco  Cruzat;  1778  to  June 
8,  1780,  Fernando  De  Leyba;  1780  to  September  24, 1780,  Silvio 
Franc.  Cartabona;  1780  to  November  27,  1787,  Franc.  Cruzat; 
1787  to  July  21,  1792,  Manuel  Perez;  1792  to  August  29,  1799. 
Zenon  Trudeau;  1799  to  March  9,  1804,  C.  Dehault  Delassus. 

UNDER  THE  UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT. 

Commandant. — March  10,  1804,  to  October  1,  1804,  Capt. 
Amos  Stoddard,  who  was  also  agent  and  commissioner  of  the 
French  Government  for  one  day,  from  March  9  to  March 
10,  1804. 

UNDER    THE    DISTRICT    OF    LOUISIANA. 

Governor. — October  1,  1804,  to  March  3,  1805,"William  Henry 
Harrison. 

UNDER    THE    TERRITORY    OF    LOUISIANA. 

Governors. — 1805  to  1806,  Gen.  James  Wilkinson;  last  part 
of  1806,  Joseph  Brown,  acting;  May,  1807  to  October,  1807, 
Frederick  Bates,  acting;  1807  to  September,  1809,  Merriwether 
Lewis;  September,  1809  to  September  19,  1810,  Frederick  Bates, 
acting;  1810  to  November  29,  1812,  Benjamin  Howard,  acting; 
1812  to  December  7,  1812,  Frederick  Bates,  secretary  and  acting 
governor. 

TERRITORIAL    OFFICERS. 

Governors.- — Frederick  Bates,  secretary  and  acting  Governor, 
1812-13;  William  Clark,  1813-20. 

Delegates  to  Congress. — Edward  Hempstead,  1811-14;  Rufus 
Easton,  1814-17 ;  John  Scott,  1817-20. 

OFFICERS    OF    STATE    GOVERNMENT. 

Governors. — Alexander  McNair,  1820-24;  Frederick  Bates, 
1824-25 ;  Abraham  J.  Williams,  vice  Bates,  1825 ;  John  Miller, 
vice  Bates,  1826-28;  John  Miller,  1828-32;  Dunklin  resigned; 
appointed  surveyor  general  of  the  United  States,  1832-36;  L. 
W.    Boggs,   vice   Dunklin,   183G;  Lilburu  W.   Boggs,   1836-40; 


164  HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI. 

Thomas  Reynolds  (died  1844)  1840-44;  M.  M.  Marmaduke,  vice 
Eeynolds;  John  C.  Edwards,  1844-48 ;  Austin  A.  King,  1848-52; 
Sterling  Price,  1852-56;  Trusten  Polk,  resigned,  1856-57;  Han- 
cock Jackson,  vice  Polk,  1857 ;  Eobert  M.  Stewart,  vice  Polk, 
1857-60;  C.  F.  Jackson  (1860),  office  vacated  by  ordinance; 
Hamilton  E.  Gamble,  vice  Jackson — Gov.  Gamble  died  1864; 
Willard  P.  Hall,  vice  Gamble,  1864;  Thomas  C.  Fletcher,  1864- 
68;  Joseph  W.  McOlurg,  1868-70;  B.  Gratz  Brown,  1870-72; 
Silas  Woodson,  1872-74;  Charles  H.  Hardin,  1874-76;  John  S. 
Phelps,  1876-80;  Thomas  T.  Crittenden,  1880-84;  John  S.  Mar- 
maduke (died  1887),  1884^88 ;  A.  P.  Morehouse,  vice  Marmaduke. 

Lieutenant  Governors.— William  H.  Ashley,  1820-24;  Ben- 
jamin H.  Eeeves,  1824-28;  Daniel  Dunklin,  1828-32;  Lilburn 
W.  Boggs,  1832-36;  Franklin  Cannon,  1836-40;  M.  M.  Marma- 
duke, 1840-44;  James  Young,  1844-48;  Thomas  L.  Eice,  1848- 
52;  Wilson  Brown,  1852-55;  Hancock  Jackson,  1855-56;  Thomas 
C.  Eeynolds,  1860-61;  Willard  P.  Hall,  1861-64;  George  Smith, 
1864-68;  Edwin  O.  Stanard,  1868-70;  Joseph  J.  Gravelly, 
1870-72;  Charles  P.  Johnson,  1872-74;  Norman  J.  Coleman, 
1874-76;  Henry  C.  Brockmeyer,  1876-80;  Eobert  A.  Campbell, 
1880-84;  A.  P.  Morehouse  (appointed  Governor),  1884. 

Secretaries  of  State. — Joshua  Barton,  1820-21 ;  William  G. 
Pettis,  1821-24;  Hamilton  E.  Gamble,  1824-26;  Spencer  Pettis, 
1826-28;  P.  H.  McBride,  1829-30;  John  C.  Edwards  (term  ex- 
pired 1835;  re-appointed  1837,  resigned  1837),  1830-37;  Peter 
G.  Glover,  1837-39;  James  L.  Minor,  1839-45;  F.  H.  Martin, 
1845-49;  Ephraim  B.  Ewing,  1849-52;  John  M.  Eichardson, 
1852-56;  Benjamin  F.  Massey  (re-elected  1860  for  four  years), 
1856-60;  Mordecai  Oliver,  1861-64;  Francis  Eodman  (re-elected 
1868  for  two  years),  1864^68;  Eugene  F.  Weigel  (re-elected 
1872  for  two  years),  1870-72;  Michael  K.  McGrath  (re-elected 
1884  for  four  years),  1874-84. 

State  Treasurers. — Peter  Didier,  1820-21;  Nathaniel  Simonds, 

1821-28;  James  Earickson,   1829-33;    John  Walker,  1833-38; 

Abraham  McClellan,  1838-48;  Peter  G.  Glover,  1843-51;  A.  W. 

'Morrison,  1851-60;    George    C.    Bingham,    1862-64;    William 

Bishop,    1864^68;    William    Q.    Dallmeyer,    1868-70;     Samuel 


HISTORY    OF    MISSOUEI.  165 

Hays,  1872;  Harvey  W.  Salmon,  1872-74;  Joseph  W.  Mercer, 
1874-76;  Elijah  Gates,  1876-80;  Philip  E.  Chappell,  1880-84; 
J.  M.  Seibert  (present  incumbent),  1884. 

Attorney -Genei-als. — Edward  Bates,  1820-21;  Rufus  Easton, 
1821-26;  Robert  W.  Wells,  1826-36;  William  B.  Napton, 
1836-39;  S.  M.  Bay,  1839-45;  B.  F.  Stringfellow,  1845-49; 
William  A.  Robards,  1849-51;  James  B.  Gardenhire,  1851-56; 
Ephraim  W.  Ewing,  1856-59;  James  P.  Knott,  1859-61;  Aik- 
mau  Welch,  1861-64;  Thomas  T.  Crittenden,  1864;  Robert  F. 
Wingate,  1864-68;  Horace  P.  Johnson,  1868-70;  A.  J.  Baker, 
1870-72;  Henry  C.  Ewing,  1872-74;  John  A.  Hockaday, 
1874r-76;  Jackson  L.  Smith,  1876-80;  D.  H.  Mclntire,  1880-84; 
D.    G.    Boone    (present  incumbent),  1884. 

Auditors  of  Public  Accoimts. — William  Christie,  1820-21 ; 
William  V.  Rector,  1821-23;  Ellas  Barcroft,  1823-33;  Henry 
Shurlds,  1833-35;  Peter  G.  Glover,  1835-37;  Hiram  H.  Baber, 
1837-45;  William  Monroe,  1845;  J.  R.  McDermon,  1845-48; 
George  W.  Miller,  1848-49;  Wilson  Brown,  1849-52;  William 
H.  Buffiugton,  1852-60;  William  S.  Moseley,  1860-64;  Alonzo 
Thompson,  1864-68;  Daniel  M.  Draper,  1868-72;  George  B. 
Clark,  1872-74;  Thomas  Holladay,  1874-80;  John  Walker 
(re-elected    in    1884,  for   four   years),  18 80-84. 

Judges  of  Supreme  Court.- — Matthias  McGirk,  1822-41 ;  John 
D.  Cooke,  1822-23;  John  R.  Jones,  1822-24;  Rufus  Pettibone, 
1823-25;  George  Tompkins,  1824-45;  Robert  Wash,  1825-37; 
John  C.  Edwards,  1837-39;  William  Scott  (appointed  1841  un- 
til meeting  of  General  Assembly  in  place  of  McGirk  resigned; 
reappointed),  1843;  P.  H.  McBride,  1845;  William  B.  Napton, 
1849-52;  John  F.  Rylaud,  1849-51;  John  H.  Birch,  1849-51; 
William  Scott,  John  F.  Ryland  and  Hamilton  R.  Gamble  (elect- 
ed by  the  people  for  six  years),  1851;  Hamilton  R.  Gamble  (re- 
signed), 1854;  Abiel  Leonard  (elected  to  fill  vacancy  of  Gam- 
ble) ;  William  B.  Napton  (vacated  by  failure  to  file  oath) ;  Will- 
iam Scott  and  John  C.  Richardson  (resigned,  elected  August, 
for  six  years),  1857;  E.  B.  Ewing  (to  fill  Richardson's  resigna- 
tion), 1859;  Barton  Bates  (appointed),  1862;  W.  V.  N.  Bay, 
(appointed),  1862;  John  D.  S.  Dryden  (appointed),   1862;  Bar- 


166  HISTORY    OF     MISSOURI. 

ton  Bates,  1863-65;  W.  Y.  N.  Bay  (elected),  1863;  John  D.  S. 
Dryden  (elected),  1863;  David  Wagner  (appointed),  1865; 
"Wallace  L.  Lovelace  (appointed),  1865;  Nathaniel  Holmes  (ap- 
pointed), 1865;  Thomas  J.  C.  Fagg  (appointed),  1866;  James 
Baker  (appointed),  1868;  David  Wagner  (elected),  1868-70; 
Philemon  Bliss,  1868-70 ;  Warren  Currier,  1868-71 ;  Washington 
Adams  (appointed  to  fill  Currier's  place,  who  resigned),  1871; 
Ephraim  B.  Ewing  (elected),  1872;  Thomas  A.  Sherwood  (elect- 
ed), 1872;  W.  B.  Napton  (appointed  in  place  of  Ewing,  de- 
ceased), 1873;  Edward  A.  Lewis  (appointed  in  place  of  Adams, 
resigned),  1874;  Warwich  Hough  (elected),  1874;  William  B. 
Napton   (elected),   1874-80;  John  W.  Henry,  1876-86;  Robert 

D.  Eay  succeeded  William  B.  Napton,  1880;  Elijah  H.  Norton 
(appointed  in  1876),  elected,  1878;  T.  A.  Sherwood  (re-elected), 
1882;  F.  M.  Black,  1884. 

Uniied  States  Se7iators.—T.  H.  Benton,  1820-50;  D.  Barton, 
1820-30;  Alexander  Buckner,  1830-33;  L.  F.  Linn,  1833-43;  D. 

E.  Atchison,  1843-55;  H.  S.  Geyer,  1851-57;  James  S.  Green, 
1857-61 ;  T.  Polk,  1857-63 ;  Waldo  P.  Johnson,  1861 ;  Eobert  Wil- 
son, 1861 ;  B.  Gratz  Brown  (for  unexpired  term  of  Johnson),  1863 ; 
J.  B.  Henderson,  1863-69 ;  Charles  D.  Drake,  1867-70 ;  Carl  Schurz, 
1869-75;  D.  F.  Jewett  (in  place  of  Drake,  resigned),  1870;  F. 
P.  Blair,  1871-77;  L.  V.  Bogy,  1873;  James  Shields  (elected  for 
unexpired  term  of  Bogy),  1879;  D.  H.  Armstrong  (appointed 
for  unexpired  term  of  Bogy) ;  F.  M.  Cockrell  (re-elected  1881), 
1875-81;  George  G.  Vest  (re-elected  in  1885  for  six  years), 
1879-1885. 

Eepreseniatives  to  Congress. — John  Scott,  1820-26;  E. 
Bates,  1826-28 ;  Spencer  Pettis,  1828-31 ;  William  H.  Ashley, 
1831-36;  John  Bull,  1832-34;  Albert  G.  Harrison,  1834-39; 
John  Miller,  1836-42;  John  Jameson  (re-elected  1846  for  two 
years),  1839-44;  John  C.  Edwards,  1840-42;  James  M.  Hughes, 
1842-44;  James  H.  Eelfe,  1842-46;  James  B.  Bowlin,  1842-50; 
Gustavus  M.  Bower,  1842-44;  Sterling  Price,  1844-46;  Will- 
iam McDaniel,  1846;  Leonard  H.  Sims,  1844r-46:  John  S. 
Phelps,  1844-60;  James  S.  Green  (re-elected  1856,  resigned), 
1846-50;    Willard    P.    Hall    1846-53;     William   V.     N.     Bay, 


HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI.  167 

1848-61;  John  F.  Darby,  1850-53;  Gilchrist  Porter,  1850-57; 
John  G.  Miller,  1850-56;  Alfred  W.Lamb,  1852-54;  Thomas 
H.  Benton,  1852-54;  Mordecai  Oliver,  1852-57;  James  J.  Lind- 
ley,  1852-56;  Samuel  Caruthers,  1852-58;  Thomas  P.  Akers  (to 
fill  unexpired  term  of  J.  G.  Miller,  deceased,  1855;  Francis  P. 
Blair,  Jr.  (re-elected  1860,  resigned),  1856;  Thomas  L.  Ander- 
son, 1856-60;  James  Craig,  1856-60;  Silas  H.  Woodson, 
1856-60;  John  B.  Clark,  Sr.,  1857-61;  J.  Eichard  Barrett, 
1860;  John  W.  Noel,  1858-63;  James  S.  Kollins,  1860-64; 
Elijah  H.  Norton,  ,1860-63;  John  W.  Eeid,  1860-61;  William 
A.  Hall,  1862-64;  Thomas  L.  Price  (in  place  of  Reid,  expelled) 
1862;  Henry  T.  Blow,  1862-66;  Semprouious  T.  Boyd  (elected 
in  1862,  and  again  in  1868,  for  two  years) ;  Joseph  W.  McClurg, 
1862-66;  Austin  A.  King,  1862-64;  Benjamin  F.  Loan, 
1862-69;  John  G.  Scott  (in  place  of  Noel,  deceased),  1863; 
John  Hogan,  1864-66;  Thomas  F.  Noel,  1864-67;  John  E. 
Kelsoe,  1864-66;  Eobert  T.  A' an  Horn,  1864-71;  John  F.  Ben- 
jamin, 1864-71;  George  W.  Anderson,  1864-66;  William  A. 
Pile,  1866-68;  C.  A.  Newcomb,  1866-68;  Joseph  J.  Gravelly, 
1866-68;  James  E.  McCormack,  1866-73;  John  H.  Stover  (in 
place  of  McClurg,  resigned)  1867;   Erastus  Wells,  1868-82;  G. 

A.  Finklenburg,  1868-71;  Samuel  S.  Burdett,  1868-71;  Joel  F. 
Asper,  1868-70;  David  P.  Dyer,  1868-70;  Harrison  E.  Havens, 
1870-75;  Isaac  G.  Parker,  1870-75;  James  G.  Blair,  1870-72; 
Andrew  King,  1870-72;  Edwin  O.  Stanard,  1872-74;  William 
H.  Stone,  1872-78;  Robert  A.  Hatcher  (elected),  1872;  Eichard 

B.  Bland,  1872;  Thomas  T.  Crittenden,  1872-74;  Ira  B.  Hyde, 
1872-74;  John  B.  Clark,  Jr.,  1872-78;  John  M.  Glover,  1872; 
Aylett  H.  Buckner,  1872;  Edward  C.  Kerr,  1874-78;  Charles 
H.  Morgan,  1874;  John  F.  Phillips,  1874;  B.  J.  Franklin,  1874; 
David  Eea,  1874;  Eezin  A.  DeBolt,  1874;  Anthony  Ittner,  1876, 
Nathan  Cole,  1876;  Eobert  A.  Hatcher,  1876-78;  E.  P.  Bland, 
1876-78;  A.  H.  Buckner,  1876-78;  J.  B.Clark,  Jr.,  1876-78; 
T.  T.  Crittenden,  1876-78;  B.  J.  Franklin,  1876-78;  John  M. 
Glover,  1876-78;  Robert  A.  Hatcher,  1876-78;  Charles  H.  Mor- 
gan (re-elected  in  1881  and  1882),  1876-78;  L.  S.  Metcalf, 
1876-78;    H.  M.  Pollard,  1876-78;  David  Rea,    1876-78;  S.  L. 


168  HISTORY    OF    MISSOURI. 

Sawyer,  1878-80;  N.  Ford,  1878-82;  G.  R  Eothwell,  1878-82; 
John  B.  Clark,  Jr.,  1878-82;  W.  H.  Hatch  (re-elected  in  1884), 
1878-84;  A.  H.  Buckner  (re-elected  in  1882),  1878-82;  M.  L. 
Clardy  (re-elected  in  1882  and  1884),  1878-82;  K.  G.  Frost, 
1878-82;  L.  W.  Davis  (re-elected  in  1882),  1878-82;  R.  P. 
Bland  (re-elected  in  1882  and  1884),  1878-82;  J.  E.  Waddell, 
1878-80;  T.  Allen  1880-82;  R.  Hazeltine,  1880-82;  T.  M.  Rice, 
1880-82;  R.  T.  Van  Horn,  1880-82;  J.  G.  Burrows,  1880-82; 
A.  M.  Alexander,  1882-84;  Alex.  M.  Dockery  (re-elected  in 
1884),  1882-84;  James  N.  Burns  (re-elected  in  1884)  1882-84; 
Alexander  Graves,  1882-84;  John  Gosgrove,  1882-84;  John  J. 
O'Neill  (re-elected  in  1884),  1882-84;  James  O.  Broadhead, 
1882-84;  R.  W.  Fyan,  1882-84;  John  B.  Hale,  1884;  ^'illiam 
Warner,  1884;  John  T.  Heard,  1884;  J.  E.  Hutton,  1884;  John 
M.  Glover,  1884;  William  J.  Stone,  1884:  William  H.  Wade, 
1884;  William  Dawson,  1884. 

CONGRESSMEN  ELECTED  IN  1886;  TERMS  EXPIRE  IN  1889. 

First  District,  William  H.  Hatch;  Second  District,  Charles 
H.  Mansur;  Third  District,  Alex.  M.  Dockery;  Fourth  District,  . 
James  N.  Burnes ;  Fifth  District,  William  Warner ;  Sixth  Dis- 
trict, John  T.  Heard;  Seventh  District,  John  E.  Hutton; 
Eighth  District,  John  J.  O'Neill;  Ninth  District,  John  M. 
Glover;  Tenth  District,  Martin  L.  Clardy;  Eleventh  District, 
Richard  P.  Bland;  Twelfth  District,  William  J.  Stone;  Thir- 
teenth District,  William  H.  Wade;  Fourteenth  District,  James 
L.  Walker. 

The  supreme  judge  elected  in  1886  was  Theodore  Bi-ace,  in 
room  of  John  W.  Henry;  the  superintendent  of  public  schools 
was  William  E.  Coleman,  re-elected. 

Missouri's  delegations  in  the  confederate  congress. 

,1861-63— Senate,  John  B.  Clark,  Sr.,  R.  L.  T.  Peyton. 
House,  W.  M.  Cooke,  Thomas  A.  Harris,  Aaron  H.  Conrow, 
Casper  W.  Bell,  George  G.  Vest,  Thomas  W.  Freeman,  John 
Hyer. 


HISTOEY    OF    MISSOURI.  169 

1864-65 — Senate,  AValclo  P.  Johnson,  Rev.  L.  M.  Lewis. 
House,  Thomas  L.  Snead,  N.  L.  Norton,  John  B.  Clark,  Sr.,  A. 
H.  Courow,  George  G.  Vest,  Peter  S.  Wilkes  and  Eobert  A. 
Hatcher. 

REBEL  GOVERNORS. 

1861-62 — Claiborne  F.  Jackson;  lieutenant  governor,  Thomas 
C.  Reynolds. 

1862-65 — Thomas  C. Reynolds;  lieutenant  governor,  vacancy. 

PRESIDENTIAL    ELECTIONS. 

Following  is  the  aggregate  vote  of  the  State  at  every  presi- 
dential election  since  the  admission  of  Missouri  into  the  Union: 

1824 — Andrew  Jackson,  Republican,  987;  John  Quincy 
Adams,  Coalition,  311;  Henry  Clay,  Republican,  1,401;  Clay's 
majority,  103.     Total  vote,  12,099.     Number  of  electoral  votes,  3. 

1828 — Andrew  Jackson,  Democrat,  8,232;  John  Quincy 
Adams,  National  Republican,  3,422;  Jackson's  majority,  4,810. 
Total  vote,  11,654.     Number  of  electors,  3. 

1832 — Andrew  Jackson,  Democrat,  had  a  majority  over  Henry 
Clay,  National  Republican,  of  5,192.     Number  of  electors,  4. 

1836 — Martin  Van  Buren,  Democrat,  10,995;  William  H. 
Harrison  and  Hugh  L.  White,  Fusion,  8,837;  Van  Buren's  ma- 
jority, 2,658.     Total  vote,  19,332.     Number  of  electors,  4. 

1840— Martin  Van  Buren,  Democrat,  29,760;  William  Henry 
Harrison,  Whig,  22,972;  Van  Buren's  majority,  6,788.  Total 
vote,  52,732.     Number  of  electors,  4. 

1844 — James  K.  Polk,  Democrat,  41,369;  Henry  Clay,  Whig, 
31,251;  Polk's  majority,  10,118.  Total  vote,  72,620.  Number 
of  electors,  7. 

1848 — Lewis  Cass,  Democrat,  40,077;  Zachary  Taylor,  Whig, 
32,671;  Cass's  majority,  7,406.  Total  vote,  72,748.  Number 
of  electors,  7. 

1852 — Franklin  Pierce,  Democrat,  38,353;  Winfield  Scott, 
Whig,  29,984;  Pierce's  majority,  8,369.  Total  vote,  68,337. 
Number  of  electors,  9. 

1856 — James  Buchanan,  Democrat,  58,164;  Millard  Fill- 
more, American,  48,524;  Buchanan's  majority,  9,640.  Total 
vote,  106,688.     Number  of  electors,  9. 


170  HISTOBY    OF    MISSOURI. 

1860 — Stephen  A.  Douglas,  Democrat,  58,801;  John  Bell, 
Union,  58,372;  John  0.  Breckinridge,  Democrat,  31,317;  Abra- 
ham Lincoln,  Republican,  17,028;  Douglas' plurality  over  Bell, 
429.     Total  vote,  165,518.     Number  of  electors,  9. 

1864 — Abraham  Lincoln,  Republican,  72,750;  George  B. 
McClellan,  Democrat,  31,678;  Lincoln's  majority,  41,072.  Total 
vote,  104,428.     Number  of  electors,  11. 

1868 — U.  S.  Grant,  Republican,  86,860;  Horatio  Seymour, 
Democrat,  65,628;  Grant's  majority,  21,232.  Total  vote,  152,- 
488.     Number  of   electors,  11. 

1872 — Horace  Greeley,  Liberal  Republican,  151,434;  U.  S. 
Grant,  Republican,  119,196;  Charles  O'Conor,  Democrat,  2,429; 
Greeley's  majority,  29,809.  Total  vote,  273,059.  Number  of 
electors,  15. 

1876— Samuel  J.  Tilclen,  Democrat,  203,077;  R.  B.  Hayes, 
Republican,  145,029;  Peter  Cooper,  Greenbacker,  3,498;  Green 
Clay  Smith,  Temperance,  64;  scattering,  97;  Tilden  over  all, 
54,389.     Total  vote,  351,765.     Number  of  electors,  15. 

1880— Winfield  S.  Hancock,  Democrat,  208,609;  James  A. 
Garfield,  Republican,  153,567;  James  B.  Weaver,  Greenbacker, 
35,045 ;  Hancock's  plurality,  55,042.  Total  vote,  397,221.  Num- 
ber of  electors,  15. 

1884 — Grover  Cleveland,  Democrat,  235,988;  James  G. 
Blaine,  Republican,  and  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  Greenbacker, 
(Fusion  electors)  202,929;  John  P.  St.  John,  Prohibition, 
2,153;  Cleveland's  plurality,  30,906.  Total  vote,  441,070.  Num- 
ber of  electors,  16. 

In  1884  the  vote  for  governor  resulted:  John  S.  Marmaduke, 
Democrat,  218,885;  Nicholas  Ford,  Fusion,  207,939;  John  A. 
Brooks,  Prohibition,  10,426;  Marmaduke  over  Ford,  10,946; 
over  all,  520.     Total  vote,  437,250. 


HISTORY    OF    MISSOUEI. 


171 


THE  VOTE  BY  COUNTIES  AT  THE  PRESIDENTIAL    ELECTIONS  OF 

1836-40-44. 


Counties. 


Adair 

Andrew 

Audrain 

Barry 

Bates 

Buclianan 

Benton 

Boone 

Callaway 

Camden 

Caldwell 

Cape  Girardeau 

Carroll 

Chariton 

Clark 

Clay 

Clinton 

Cole 

Cooper 

Crawford 

Dade 

Daviess 

Decatur  (now  Ozark) 

Franklin 

Gasconade 

Greene 

Grundy  

Henry  (called  Rives  in  1836-40). 

Holt    

Howard 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

La  Fayette 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Livingston 

Macon 

Madison 

Marion 

Miller 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

New  Madrid 

Newton 


No  re 


No  re 
140 
33 

84 
No  re 
38£ 

48 

73 
No  re 

59 


4 
714 
446 


No  re 


133 
81 
11 


40 


354 
183 


89 

78 

165 

19' 

375 

No  re 

No  re 

No  re 

No  )-e 

343 

No  re 

280 

169 

51 

No  re 


3  O 

rag 


turn 


.55 


75 
567 
616 


tu  in 
435 
143 
188 

turn 
34' 
139 
576 

turn 
86 


turn 


338 
115 
140 


108 


619 

489 


138 
240 
394 
298 
336 

turn 

turn 

turn 

turn 
3J 

turn 
317 
92 
216 

turn 


1840. 


a  o 

n  a 


New  c 

New  c 
131 
88 

New  c 

340 

150 

1,113 

881 

New  c 
133 
455 
113 
346 
340 
457 
127 
848 
778 
240 

New  c 
170 

New  c 
355 
136 
379 

New  c 
291 

New  c 
753 
457 

New  c^ 
298 
255 
500 
542 
463 
93 
249 
374 
152 
82' 
21 
815 
334 
167 
363 
178 


18«. 


ounty 
ounty 

123 
436 

ounty 

1,118 

501 

500 

636 

ounty 
154 
764 
182 
391 
206 
649 
288 
963 
694 
264 

ounty 
364 

ounty 
553 
636 
453 

ounty 
421 

ounty 
901 
711 

ounty 
821 
374 
475 
602 
543 
235 
487 
500 
375 
534 
317 
618 
26; 

494 
194 
630 


204 
384 
175 
142 
206 
599 
252 
1.190 
940 

70 
129 
518 
242 
371 
235 
765 
310 
418 
901 
337 
255 
318 

57 
386 

71 
351 
346 
280 
185 
1,013 
614 
155 
337 
367 
830 
380 
578 
369 
198 
33 
183 
1,017 

74 
792 
359 
362 
298 

189 


450 
941 
163 
478 
307 

1,162 
664 
602 
793 
247 
212 
914 
311 
602 
220 
552 
567 

1,132 
783 
367 
690 
446 
308 
796 
336 
817 
365 
383 
378 
969 
853 
242 
349 
511 
576 
403 
683 
494 
351 
457 
399 
721 
369 
578 
233 
544 
208 
663 


172 


HISTORY   OF   MISSOURI. 


THE  VOTE  BY  COUNTIES  AT    THE  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTIONS  OF 

lS36-A0-4i.— Concluded. 


1836. 

1810. 

1844. 

COXJNTIES. 

as 

11 

ts  a 

> 

1— (    * 

£§ 
Si 

> 

i 
i 

Ph 

Niflno"na  fnow  Da,lla.s) 

New  c 

ountv 

76 
120 
900 
385 
238 
861 
273 

86 
422 
596 
599 

31 
480 
177 
801 
193 
3,688 
591 
317 
258 

57 
244 
115 

86 
257 
364 
613 

86 

97 

345 

New  c  ounty 
459       968 

434 

Platte     

1,386 

17 

64 

405 

65 

49 

123 

195 

232 

0 

283 

173 
161 
415 

319 

339 

463 

Pettis     

156 
732 

262 
746 
860 

319 

Pike                

809 

Polk                 

80:      241 

636 

Pulaski           

230i      196       720 

151 !      400!      335 

335 

Rails                  

833 

399       515 

405 
563 
325 
459 

ounty 

199 

233 

1,874 

322 

ounty 
500 

ounty 
226 
308 
258 
360 
848 
514 
211 

ounty 

571 

Ray     

331 

70 

237 

432 

15 

586 

New  c 

321 

170 

2,515 

375 

New  c 

284 

New  c 

233 

69 

41 

208 

342 

784 

266 

St   Charles 

503 

St  Clair 

343 

St   Francois 

144 

47 

848 

135 

197 

97 

618 

178 

334 

Ste    Genevieve    

245 

3,829 

446 

442 

Scott     

No  re 

turn 

480 

271 

Shelby     

31 

17 

No  re 

No  re 

150 

345 

No  re 

63 

170 
turn 
turn 

376 

209 

Stoddard                  

323 

Taney      .              

297 

Van  Burpn  ^now  Cass^     

443 

341 

311       479 
turn            57 

588 

W^ayne 

366 

Wright    

New  c 

486 

Total 

7,337 

10.995  22,973 

1 

29,760 

31,351 

41,369 

HISTOEY   OF    MISSOURI. 
PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION,  1848. 


173 


Counties. 


Adair 

Andrew 

Atchison 

Audrain 

Barry 

Bates 

Benton 

Boone  

Buchanan 

Caldwell 

Callaway 

Camden 

Cape  Girardeau. . 

Carroll 

Cass  (Van  Buren) 

Cedar 

Chariton 

Clark 

Clay 

Clinton 

Cole 

Cooper 

Crawford 

Dade 

Dallas 

Daviess 

De  Kalb 

Franklin 

Gasconade 

Gentry 

Greene    

Grundy  

Harrison 

Henry 

Hickory 

Holt 

Howard 

Jackson  

Jasper 

JefEerson 

Johnson 

Knox 

La  Fayette 

Lawrence 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Livingston 

Macon 

Madison 


i.-.sr 


110 
384 

77 
135 

55 
146 
308 

704' 
128 
349' 
1.55 
485 
266 
270 
116 
414 
284 
626 
290 
277 
813 
263 
166 
105 
369 

37 
339 

87 
152 
401 
225 

63 
374 

98 
148 
801 
695 
161 
246 
334 
196 
915 
170 
479 
566 
230 
195 
360 
331 


"'ft 


200 
689 
136 
166 
217 
186 
3S2 
588 

1,055 
168 
631 
282 
709 
298 
410 
371 
577 
242 

•  418 
286 
581 
633 
375 
306 
383 
358 
146 
680 
349 
396 
835 
187 
144 
339 
334 
248 
88S 
954 
294 
311 
451 
197 
585 
374 
479 
696 
297 
373 
470 
377 


Counties. 


Marion 

Mercer 

Miller 

Mississippi 

Moniteau 

Monroe 

Montgomery. . . 

Morgan 

New  Madrid. . . 

Newton 

Nodaway 

Osage 

'■  Oregon 

Ozark 

Perry 

Pettis 

'Pike 

Platte  

Polk 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Ralls 

Randolph 

Ray 

Reynolds 

Ripley 

St.  Charles  . . . . 

St.  Clair 

St.  Francois  . . . 

Ste.  Genevieve. 

St.  Louis 

Saline 

Schuyler 

Scotland 

Scott 

Shannon 

Shelby 

Stoddard 

Sullivan 

Taney 


Texas 

Warren 

Washington . 

Wayne 

Wright 


Total. 


Majority  . 


1,046 
144 

76 
133 
161 
807 
379 
167 
333 
161 

43 

93 
7 

69 
322 
230 
793 
1,102 
231 
134 

74 
397 
607 
509 

21 

14 
477 
148 
285 
142 
4,827 
586 
304 
131 
147 

35 
175 

97 
154 

54 

83 
351 
473 

91 


33,671 


797 
183 
373 
181 
466 
561 
186 
342 
168 
461 
148 
313 
111 
113 
389 
265 
784 

1,494 
516 
241 
120 
399 
508 
626 
148 
154 
.569 
163 
274 
168 

4,778 
438 
192 
240 
317 
54 
363 
196 
350 
335 
185 
336 
433 
245 
131 


40,077 


7,406 


174 


HISTORY    OF    MISSOURI. 


VOTE  BY  COUNTIES  AT    THE    PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTIONS  OF 

1852-56-60. 


1852. 

1856. 

I860. 

COUHTIES. 

i 

.8 

ri 

aa 

n-1 

I' 

IS 

C3 

a 

ci 

S. 

—-a 

r 

a 

t 

A 

.2  0= 

Adair 

113 
466 
106 
300 

72 

Newc 

104 

167 

28 

1,113 

713 

16 
157 
670 

67 
338 
239 

301 
784 
150 
160 
353 
ounty 
116 
328 
113 
613 
857 
26 
209 
493 
109 
487 
286 

383 
438 
133 
565 
148 
53 
355 
159 
199 

1,329 

768 

34 

237 

1,095 
210 
664 
399 

410 
889 
345 
531 
488 
64 
409 
467 
413 
958 
1,036 
143 
395 
805 
269 
898 
659 

616 
819 
645 
389 
357 
107 
511 
574 
350 
578 
1,636 
335 
263 
839 
269 
543 
753 
4 
342 
324 
692 
130 
543 
538 
368 
430 
988 
169 
383 
225 
692 
207 
239 
150 
With 
888 
188 
873 
398 
416 
910 
633 
398 
453 
939 
136 
349 
1,095 
407 
490 
617 

293 
677 
165 
580 
333 
76 
386 
306 
166 

1,671 

1287 

88 

367 

1,306 
224 
651 
552 
16 
715 
266 
608 
342 
752 

1,045 
674 
226 
952 
353 
406 
388 
545 
343 
343 
309 
Ozark 
577 
157 
517 
986 
507 
319 
703 
197 
348 
930 
176 
194 

1,473 
434 
416 

1,324 

339 
319 

68 
206 
386 

93 
348 
100 

99 
653 
614 

17 
186 
472 
132 
325 
276 

83 
607 
277 
295 
308 
497 
305 
314 
487 
281 
193 
305 
173 
365 
338 
313 

79 

185 

97 

Atchison 

68 

Audrain 

1 

Barry 

1 

Barton 

28 

Bates 

30 

Benton 

74 

Bollinger 

23 

Boone 

Buchanan  

12 
452 

Butler 

1 

Caldwell 

43 

Callaway 

15 

Camden 

Cape  Girardeau 

6 
175 

Carroll 

3 

Carter 

Cass 

328 

65 

348 

337 
162 
498 

596 
163 
440 

561 
391 
559 

33 

Cedar 

4 

Chariton 

Christian 

1 

Clark 

Clay 

Clinton 

Cole 

Cooper 

Crawford 

Dade 

335 

626 

383 

316 

645 

340 

175 

103 

396 

74 

66 

No 

389 
406 
290 
462 
535 
378 
376 
344 
351 
96 
167 
return 

721 
756 
406 
259 
787 
460 
333 
132 
380 
77 
172 
101 

587 
675 
397 
5.52 
778 
434 
418 
454 
572 
396 
336 
147 

277 

11 

114 

30 

35 

8 

Dallas 

20 

Daviess 

33 

Dent 

7 

De  Kalb 

Dunklin 

7 



Franklin 

377 
89 
133 
484 
315 
111 
366 
75 
189 
675 

619 
304 
233 
920 
184 
164 
245 
194 
291 
763 

531 
230 
396 
1,003 
350 
318 
403 
130 
240 
798 

846 
403 
757 
1,029 
335 
495 
369 
333 
409 
867 

108 

51 

259 

414 

190 

50 

333 

143 

171 

247 

91 

36 

943 

192 

155 

527 

494 

Gasconade 

433 

Gentry 

201 

Greene 

42 

Grundy 

129 

Harrison 

397 

Henry 

16 

Hickory 

15 

Holt 

203 

Howard 

1 

Howell 

108 

Jackson  

738 
169 
173 
360 

858 
355 
310 
456 

894 
294 
523 

844 

1,168 
398 
387 
540 

191 

Jasper 

38 

Jefferson     

149 

Johnson 

18 

HISTOBT   OF   MISSOUEI. 


175 


VOTE  BY   COUNTIES  AT  THE   PRESIDENTIAL   ELECTIONS  OP 

1852-5G-60.—C'ontinved. 


1852. 

1856. 

I860. 

Counties. 

r 

ga 
So 

£"1 

O   0) 

aa 

Si 

IS 

P5 

a 
o 

m 

P3 

a 
S 

ii 

Knox 

310 

71 

303 

168 

398 

440 

249 

251 

63 

355 

117 

New  c 

894 

186 

62 

117 

189 

760 

386 

133 

93 

107 

61 

11 

143 

32 

57 

171 

345 

355 
184 
532 
390 
408 
587 
383 
331 
194 
473 
359 
ouuty 
751 
186 
379 
168 
353 
611 
365 
378 

33 
333 
111 

95 
373 

57 

34 
213 
301 

391 
235 
1,393 
358 
642 
572 
383 
430 

61 
435 
355 

67 
1.321 
417 
108 
317 
387 
1,012 
603 
227 
295 
236 
183 

37 
219 

51 
111 
207 
432 

471 
321 
654 
574 
761 
846 
400 
501 
399 
934 
418 
346 
787 
450 
234 
327 
427 
763 
365 
403 
234 
528 
438 
324 
413 
149 
119 
586 
319 

687 
189 
774 
138 
468 
806 
521 
401 
206 
1,176 
305 

98 

1,240 

682 

94 
233 
476 
680 
613 
550 
117 
654 
546 

66 
335 

81 
118 
467 
369 
354 
1,117 
845 
135 
107 
590 
391 
360 
881 
133 

78 
832 
344 
592 
351 
9,364 
563 
455 
741 
215 

37 
476 
330 

520 
335 

1,577 
445 
833 
735 
546 
578 
138 
655 
326 
95 

1,886 
491 
193 
305 
546 

1,086 
658 
331 
323 
406 
265 
45 
190 
69 
154 
217 
615 
199 

1,300 

1,208 
730 
62 
369 
585 
831 

1,006 
38 
74 
619 
338 
431 
317 

4,931 

1,035 
367 
436 
343 
38 
703 
385 

301 
376 
371 
516 
597 
396 
219 
470 
194 
414 

98 
309 
433 
169 
495 
185 
333 
408 

83 
204 
160 
255 
274 
245 
308 
155 

70 

63 
211 
430 
420 
877 
477 
281 
246 
149 
520 
333 

85 
333 

64 
294 
141 

73 
610 
366 
351 
187 
192 
137 
393 
198 

161 

Laclede 

6 

La  Fayette 

34 

Lawrence 

59 

Lewis    

43 

Lincoln  

3 

105 

20 

McDonald 

3 

134 

Madison     .       

9 

7 

235 

80 

Miller    

23 

1 

87 

8 

Montgomery 

45 

Morgan       

18 

New  Madrid 

Newton 

33 

Nodaway       

147 

Oregon      

3 

358 

Ozark  .         

Perry  

139 

Pettis 

9 

Phelps 

37 

Pike  

803 
910 
260 

39 
135 
341 
476 
483 
5 

16 
378 
149 
350 
132 
4,298 
514 
177 
316 

59 

758 

1,060 

504 

169 

156 

378 

502 

618 

98 

83 

598 

335 

539 

165 

5,826 

443 

222 

283 

97 

9 

328 

177 

i.m 

1,040 
413 

68 
257 
534 
606 
744 

83 

41 
583 
310 
401 
308 
6,834 
853 
387 
353 
345 

14 
433 
151 

1,113 
1,363 
663 
268 
488 
369 
595 
874 
114 
306 
773 
347 
541 
356 
5,534 
599 
472 
632 
223 
40 
373 
315 

15 

Platte  

6 

Polk 

4 

Pulaski 

7 

111 

Ralls 

1 

Ray 

9 

Reynolds 

4 

Ripley 

St.  Charles 

534 

St.  Clair 

1 

St.  Francois 

Sle   Genevieve 

19 

48 

St.   Louis 

9,945 

14 

Scotland  

197 

Scott 

6 
2 

Shelby 

307 
116 

90 

Stoddard  

176 


HISTORY   OF   MISSOURI. 


VOTE  BY    COUNTIES  AT  THE  PRESIDENTIAL   ELECTIONS  OF 

1852-5S-ei}.— Concluded. 


18S2. 

1856. 

I860 

Counties. 

1 
il 

n 

"1 

d 

cq 

1 

Stone  

17 

127 

11 

95 

63 

301 

360 

94 
277 
168 
167 
153 
301 
334 
144 
ounty 
167 

3 

260 

34 

91 

172 

878 

487 

100 

189 

64 

137 
553 
388 
479 
302 
369 
578 
287 
468 
267 

83 
557 

97 

61 
151 
510 
635 
185 
172 

44 

31 
373 

43 
194 
207 
307 
493 
245 
335 
128 

112 
575 
287 
511 
381 
89 
62 
291 
376 
369 

Sullivan 

Taney 

83 

Texas 

6 

95 

Washino'ton 

28 

Wayne 

3 

Webster 

New  c 
95 

7 

Wiio-ht  

Total  

29,984 

38  353 

48,524 

58,164 

58,801 

58  372 

31,317 

17,028 

VOTE  BY  COUNTIES  AT  THE  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTIONS  OP 

1864-^8-73. 


CotrsTiKs. 


Adair 

Andrew 

Atchison   

Audrain 

BaiTT 

Barton 

Bates 

Benton 

Bollinger 

Boone    

Buchanan 

Butler 

Caldwell 

Callawaj' 

Camden 

Cape  Girardeau 

Carroll 

Carter 

Cass 

Cedar 

Chariton 

Christian 

Clark 

Clay 


1864. 


a  s 
—  g 

la 


797 

1,141 

639 

1261 

197: 

23 

271 

574i 

243:' 

262! 

1.914 

No  election 

496: 

2741 

468! 

1,213 

285 


162 
60 

393 

17 


P  0) 


t.  3 

3  O 


13 
21 

12 
813 
810 


965 

1 

551 

113 


No  ele  ction. 
76        105 


297i. 

363 

557 

997| 

216 


2 

5 

128 


930 
1,412 
781 
313 
37 
27' 


705 
331 
17' 

1,97 

No  ele 

844 

203 

406 

1,009 
96 
33 

1,010 
630 
799 
573 

1,080 
293 


288 
515 
183 
2 

322 
229 
620 
329 
79 
171 

1,373 
ction. 
374 
383 
133 
835 
810 
40 

1,160 
294 
834 
123 
302 
314 


3S 


961 
1,383 

912 
1,575 

759 

570 
1,746 

807 

661 
3,199 
3,553 

404 

875 
2,718 

403 
1,283 
1,699 

126 
2,012 

743 
2,343 

253 
1,254 
2,307 


c 


1,427 

1,604 

1,001 
673 
687 
603 

1,499 
913 
409 
993 

2,571 
188 

1,330 
731 
564 

1,104 

1,480 
30 

1,453 
773 

1,342 
663 

1,388 
528 


HISTORY   OF   MISSOURI. 


177 


VOTE  BY  COUNTIES  AT  THE  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTIONS  OP 

1864-68-73.— Co»<jft«<!(?. 


COUMTIES. 


O  & 


a  u 


1S68. 


O  ST 


=5  O 

23 


1S72. 


3S 

3  O 


n>Js 


C: 


Clinton 

Cole 

Cooper 

Crawford.. . . 

Dade  

Dallas 

Daviess     . . . 

DeKalb 

Dent 

Douglas 

Dunklin  ... 
Franklin  ... 
Gasconade. . , 

Gentry 

Greene. . .  . . . 

Grundy  .... 

Harrison  .  . . 

Henrj' 

Hickory 

Holt 

Howard 

Howell 

Iron , 

Jackson  

Jasper 

Jefferson ... 
Johnson  . . . 

Knos 

Laclede 

La  Fayette  . . 
Lawrence. . . . 

Lewis 

Lincoln  

Linn 

Livingston    . 

Macon 

Madison  . . .  . 

Maries 

Marion 

McDonald.. . 

Mercer 

Miller . 

Mississippi  . . 
Moniteau  .. . 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

New  Madrid. 
Newton 


29' 

1,2.56 
939 
29T 
507 
243 
775 
4(10 
10' 
189 
Noele 

1,717 
863 
.525 

3,333 
933 

1,35S 
46.- 
36.= 
673 
534 
Noole 
535 
60S 
46 
915 
832 
669 
659 
346 
833 
774 
542 
90' 
443 

1,757 

340 

315 

838 

36 

1,158 
555 
108 
866 
158 
530 
348 
99 
31 


492 
502 
381 
307 

4 
12 
286 
19 

1 

ction 

401 

185 

281 

346 

1 

313 

232 

1 

81 

6 

ction. 
2 

55' 

333 
224 
348 
50 
395 


533 
35' 
135 
497 
23 
14 
244 
375 


3 
111 
25' 
434 
59 
235 
364 
9 
1 


585 

861 

973 

385 

734 

630 

1,089 

59' 

214 

445 

Reje 

1.634 

1,074 

769 

1,304 

1,083 

1,438 

980 

479 

1,080 

171 

170 

308 

1,441 

1,099 

796 

1,.512 

759 

400 

709 

850 

830 

459 

1,216 

1,137 

1,221 

217 

145 

973 

193 

1,08: 

573 

30 

781 

174 

703 

586 

10 

778 


644 
753 
486 
431 
144 
199 
703 
257 
161 
23 
cted. 

1,146 
135 
443 
740 
306 
475 
710 
112 
137 

1,256 

22 

209 

3,052 
444 
833 
861 
345 
373 
543 
397 
825 
398 
650 
788 

1,114 
161 
315 
703 
41 
379 
157 
328 
349 

1,302 
481 
378 
342 


1,418 

1.333 

3.179 

677 

701 

451 

1,349 

841 

515 

Reje 

80i 

1,585 

276 

1,181 

1,666 

774 

1.115 

2,134 

349 

844 

1,973 

350 

600 

4,4 

1.338 

1,240 

3,504 

1,161 

825 

2,984 

1,098 

1,703 

1,537 

1,478 

1,745 

3,335 

734 

439 

2,593 

157 

527 

716 

725 

1,275 

2,559 

1,289 

895 

796 

1,036 


975 
1,146 
1,433 
524 
962 
791 
1,405 
1,017 
394 
cted. 

113 

1,725 

878 

1,029 

3,083 

1,433 

1.750 

1,,536 

655 

1,377 

873 

383 

377 

2,814 

2,092 

878 

2.399 

850 

556 

1,533 

1,199 

1,109 

645 

1,686 

1,571 

1,745 

340 

253 

1,685 

143 

1,201 

865 

308 

986 

453 

1,063 

657 

243 

1,1.58 


178 


HISTORY    OF   MISSOUKI. 


VOTE  BY  COUNTIES  AT  THE  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTIONS  OP 

1864-68-73.—  Concluded. 


Counties. 


o  a 

a  s 


1872. 


1" 

2  ° 


O 


Nodaway. 
Oregon  . . 


Ozark 

Pemiscot 

Perry 

Pettis 

Phelps 

Pike 

Platte 

Polk 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Ralls 

Randolph 

Ray 

Reynolds 

Ripley 

Saline 

Schuyler 

Scotland 

Scott 

Shannon 

Shelby 

St.  Charles 

St.  Clair 

St.  Francois. . . 
Ste.  Genevieve  . 

St.  Louis 

Stoddard 

Stone 

Sullivan 

Taney 

Texas 

Vernon 

Warren 

Washington.   . 

Wayne 

Webster 

Worth 

Wright 


Total 


Majority 41.07S) 


839 

Noele 

764 

38 

Noele 

509 

879 

985 

1,143 

496 

870 

105 

1,293 

293 

484 

531 

7 

Noele 

170 

546 

613 

153 

Noele 

366 

1,438 

233 

346 

433 

14,027 

111 

100 

1,074 

29 

37 

Noele 

948 

788 

343 

533 

846 

65 


9 
ction. 
679 

ction. 

116 

396 

263 

930 

882 

5 

38 

4' 

194 
32 


30 
ction. 
9 

191 
533 
186 
ction. 
316 
394 
1 
134 
21 


10 
ction 
371 
239 
189 
193 
131 
2 


750 


31,678 


1,104 

5 

634 

156 

3 

602 

1,02: 
530 

1,008 
567 
892 
176 

1,255 

225 

223 

769 

53 

45 

602 

509 

775 

347 

4 

579 

1,543 
570 
354 
246 
16,183 
322 
177 
926 
208 
302 
341 
851 
419 

Reje 
548 
369 
398 


588 
329 
664 
56 
147 
570 
797 
405 

1,619 
758 
413 
199 
348 
194 

1,412 
534 
138 
108 
377 
240 
707 
230 
172 
305 

1,099 

315 

37' 

60' 

13,491 

11 

103 

568 

52 

99 

581 

367 

722 

cted. 

334 

349 

100 


86,860 


65,638 


1,503 

445 

209 

135 

476 

621 

1,965 

906 

2,. 578 

2,148 

998 

534 

Reje 

1,177 

2,213 

3,357 

400 

314 

2,790 

788 

1,130 

804 

242 

1,281 

1,672 

1,159 

1,038 

634 

19,399 

660 

132 

1,119 

301 

838 

1,344 

.56' 

871 

565 

808 

446 

484 


1,683 
54 

770 

288 
10 

725 
1,675 

696 
1,740 

936 
1,172 

324 


cted. 


391 
870 

1,161 

125 

97 

1,283 
792 
874 
444 
30 
884 

1,559 

1,037 
443 
384 
16,701 
319 
348 

1,133 
339 
481 
601 

1,007 
641 
354 
763 
531 
553 


151,434 


119,196 


»2 1,232 


33,338 


*In  1868  Ihe  State  authorities  rejected  the  returns  from  the  counties  of  Dunlilin, 
Jackson,  Monroe,  Oregon,  PLitte,  Ripley,  Shannon  and  Wayne,  together  with  portions  of  other 
counties,  bringing  about  the  following  as  the  final  declared  result:  Grant,  83,887;  Seymour,  58,905. 
Grant's  majority,  24,982. 


HISTOEY    OF    MISSOUBI. 


179 


VOTE  BY  COUNTIES  AT  THE  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTIONS  OF 

1876-80-84. 


Counties. 


Adair 

Andrew 

Atchison 

Audrain 

Barry 

Barton 

Bates 

Benton 

Bollinger 

Boone 

Buchanan 

Butler 

Caldwell 

Callaway 

Camden 

Cape  Girardeau 

Carroll 

Carter 

Cass 

Cedar 

Chariton 

Christian 

Clark 

Clay 

Clinton 

Cole 

Cooper 

Crawford 

Dade 

Dallas 

Daviess 

DeKalb 

Dent 

Douglas 

Dunklin 

Franklin 

Gasconade  .... 

Gentry 

Greene 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Henry 

Hickory 

Holt 

Howard 

Howell 

Iron 

Jackson 

Jasper 


a  a 


192 

503 

11 

268 

001 

760 

071 

851 

998 

845 

136 

696 

058 

493 

540 

836 

403 

209 

277 

904 

165 

494 

581 

844 

756 

529 

331 

036 

893 

652 

848 

083 

826' 

136: 

148 
294 
558 
461 
315 
113 
373 
380 
390 
315 
371 
495 
805 
438 
905 


1,604 
1,590 
1,156 

836 
1,000 

710 
1,478 
1,096 

572 
1,181 
2,496 

230 
1,383 

976 

638 

1,417 

1,977 

80 

1,440 

921 
1.719 

929 
1,494 

508 
1,019 
1,099 
1,770 

754 
1,305 

761 
1,663 
1,110 

446 

744 
93 
2,149 
1,1.58 
1,138 
2,-565 
1,810 
2,013 
1,499 

631 
1,628 
1,048 

458 

386 
2,909 
3,138 


24 

56 

143 


13 

41 

2 


4 

74 


115 

4 


7 
28 
17 
14 


28 

4 

8 

57 

81 


15 
146 


490 
520 


1880. 


•gs 

83 


W 


1,269 
1,571 
1,261 
2,322 
1,163 

942 
2,949 

962 
1,068 
3,269 
4,693 

746 
1,139 
3,369 

507 
1,869 
2,404 

238 
2,710 

900 
2,899 

438 
1..570 
2,969 
2,061 
1,384 
2,189 
1,099 

902 

487 
3,047 
1,805 
1,073 

163 
1,333 
2,260 

487 
1,983 
1,912 
1,102 
1,.586 
2,821 

436 
1,297 
2,047 

726 

854 
6,703 
2,583 


.S3 

"  a. 
fa  V 

O 


1,657 
1,781 
1,228 

983 

970 

519 
1,897 
1,204 

629 
1,170 
3,317 

375 
1,369 
1,184 

563 

1,641 

2,039 

80 

1,710 

926 
1,617 

791 
1,.503 

589 
1,237 
1,338 
1,730 

805 
1,227 

654 
1,796 
1,238 

707 

497 

183 
2,647 
1,512 
1,377 
3,198 
1.91 
2,097 
1,694 

675 
1,605 
1,166 

457 

565 
5,123 
2,874 


339 
121 
490 
530 
327 
712 
245 
164 
117 
418 
391 

96 
373 
110 
197 
102 
409 

50 
375 
358 
548 
529 
120 
193 
187 

55 
873 

69 
238 
555 
385 
321 

35 
556 


78 


334 
1,286 
134 
239 
306 
252 
312 
513 
305 


732 
1,114 


1884. 


•ga 


1,443 
1,707 
1,345 
3,034 
1,586 
1,837 
3,785 
1,289 
1,241 
3,569 
5,336 

900 
1,343 
3,420 

608 
2,084 
2,893 

284 
3,057 
1,562 
3,287 

700 
1,6.52 
3,179 
2,164 
1,526 
2,475 
1,106 
1,268 

687 
2,180 
1,501 
1,171 

388 
1,527 
2,290 

548 
2,155 
3,190 
1,203 
1,6 
3,292 

636 
1,475 
2,386 
1,369 

786 
9,551 
3,818 


2,041 
1,985 
1,680 
1,.5.54 
1,662 
1,715 
8,004 
1,531 

891 
1,384 
3,879 

491 
1,8.50 
1,347 

808 
2,078 
3,774 

132 
2,107 
1,449 
2,194 
1,.536 
1,.599 

916 
1,636 
1,513 
2,223 
1,053 
1,693 
1,363 
2,313 
1,645 

798 
1,183 

383 
3,931 
1,.523 
1,800 
3,793 
2,126 
2,410 
2,280 
1.063 
1,957 
1,2,56 
1,116 

.545 
9,281 
4,124 


180 


HISTOBY   OP   MISSOURI. 


VOTE  BY  COUNTIES  AT  THE  PRESIDENTIA.L  ELECTIONS  OF 

1876-80-84:.— Continued. 


Counties. 


Jefferson, 

Johnson 

Knox 

Laclede 

La  Fayette  . . . . 

Lawrence 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Livingston 

McDonald 

Macon 

Madison 

Maries 

Marion 

Mercer 

Miller 

Mississippi .... 

Moniteau 

Monroe 

Montgomery. . . 

Morgan 

New"  ]\[adrid. . . 

Newton 

Nodaway  

Oregon 

Osage  

Ozark 

Pemiscot 

Perry 

Pettis 

Phelps 

Pike 

Platte  

Polk 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Ralls 

Randolph 

Ray 

Reynolds 

Ripley 

St.  Charles 

St.  Clair 

St.  Francois.. . . 
Ste.  Genevieve. 

St.  Louis 

St.  Louis  City.. 
Saline 


-o 


w 


853 
734 
538 
009 
881 
137 
059 
294 
914 
1,013 
715 
776 
277 
840 
099 
960 
662 
,195 
,607 
,422 
,809 
,038 
,042 
733 
,411 
656 
,082 
231 
745 
1.50 
88.3 
316 
167 
048 
209 
748 
809 
687 
538 
492 
62 
438 
509 
190 
534 
1.59 
385 


3,943 


1,157 

3,183 

1,165 

731 

1,734 

1,180 

1,830 

1,004 

1,878 

1,616 

400 

1,752 

44' 

251 

1,723 

1,501 

J36 

458 

1,142 

589 

1,411 

748 

283 

1,546 

2,213 

63 

895 

437 

8 

683 

2,098 

750 

2,132 

864 

1,385 

408 

1,478 

511 

1,369 

1,107 

115 

114 

1,063 

931 

554 

533 

23,916 


1,738 


SO 
o 


11 


339 


10 

14 

150 

2 

288 

3 

"3 

32 

9 


39 


55 
59 


1880. 


a 


13 


1 
1 
8 
5 
65 


1 

1 

26 


13 

28 


24 
'79 


3,012 

3,795 

1,468 

960 

3,163 

1,476 

1,938 

2,089 

3,049 

1,859 

706 

3,880 

953 

924 

3,086 

990 

757 

1,187 

1,333 

3,488 

1,731 

950 

1,070 

1,535 

3,485 

809 

1,137 

314 

749 

1,110 

3,908 

1,132 

3,236 

3.693 

1,360 

772 

735 

1.800 

2,92 

2,614 

747 

578 

2,191 

963 

1,750 

1,081 

2,719 

23,837 

3,851 


o 


1,501 

2,400 
574 
365 

1,822 

1,567 

1.153 
790 

1,991 

1,165 
213 

1,726 
391 
288 

1,811 

1,573 
970 
525 
853 
671 

1.829 
798 
341 
957 

2,803 
85 

1,117 

409 

85 

887 

2,457 
416 

2,151 
945 

1,506 
46S 

1,513 
603 

1,051 

908 

39 

115 

2,223 
765 
778 
650 

3,333 
33.206 

1,90 


69 

318 

765 

774 

102 

337 

152 

634 

182 

1,268 

471 

844 

1 

58 

87 

231 

167 

113 

643 

120 

343 

57 


971 

941 

28 

10 

132 


71 
306 
548 
289 

49 
350 

19 
434 

14 
691 
568 


70 

33 

1,058 

60 

40 

4 

872 

359 


1884. 


°  S 
o 


3,373 

3,324 

1,619 

1,203 

3,697 

1,947 

2,129 

3,343 

3,1,57 

2,030 

1,040 

3,100 

931 

957 

8,351 

964 

1,047 

1  322 

1,'408 

3,485 

1,930 

1,141 

1,086 

3,043 

3,043 

1,114 

1,096 

344 

683 

1,227 

8,477 

1,383 

3,394 

2,692 

1,545 

948 

934 

1,756[ 

3,198; 

2,895 

790j 

819i 

2,118i 

1,6871 

1,875! 

1,115 

2,513 

31,713 

4,041 


J. 

s  . 

n  a 


ep 


1,858 
3,053 
1,319 
1,283 
2,586 
2,103 
1,363 
1,331 
3,368 
3,227 

710 
2,619 

478 

425 
3,172 
1,811 
1,360 

723 
1,448 

801 
1,641 
1,014 

461 
1,938 
8,3.53 

286 
1,219 

684 

120 

990 
3,067 

876 
2,428 
1,046 
1,936 

615 
1,835 

714 
1,818 
1,608 

198 

376 
2,334 
1,631 
1.001 

684 

3,  .547 

21,135 

2,579 


HISTOEY   OF   MISSOUEI. 


181 


VOTE  BY  COUNTIES  AT  THE  PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTIONS  OF 

1876-S0-8i.—Oo7icluded. 


1876. 

1880. 

1884. 

COCMTIES. 

u 

-o 

d 
g 

it 

i 

.2 
ga 

is 

a 

ctt 

^« 

2'! 
a  S* 

U 

1 

11 

5 

J. 

> 

a  c 
'S.2 

5 

1,117 
1.464 
1,163 

419 
1,673 
1,403 

159 
1,447 

351 
1,144 
1,874 

813 
1,607 
1,114 
1,076 

666 

498 

908 

1,060 
306 
96 
957 
406 
432 

1,488 
368 
563 
774 

1,263 
759 
395 

1,003 
633 
605 

17 
2 

"  "u 

2 

i 

26 

7 

8 

59 

7 

1,065 
1,405 
1,330 

467 
1,770 
1,541 

140 
1.717 
1,313 
1,250 
2,338 

662 
1,489 
1,144 
1,034 

751 

409 

570 
689 
459 
65 
850 
590 
435 

1,693 
337 
477 
940 

1,343 
775 
568 
561 
657 
641 

457 
479 

■■"9 

847 

92 

136 

187 

207 

285 

360 

203 

78 

46 

616 

163 

365 

1,202 
1,526 
1,331 

572 
1,910 
1.718 

332 
1,768 

460 
1,652 
3,781 

596 
1,438 
1,337 
1,239 

771 

956 

1,009 

Scotland 

1  077 

Scott 

515 

157 

Shelb}' 

1,128 

Stoddard 

761 

671 

1,882 

Taney 

Texas 

646 
970 

Vernon 

Warren 

2,007 
1  349 

Washington 

983 

Wayne 

814 

Webster 

1,316 

Worth 

899 

Wright 

1,348 

Total 

203,077 

145,029 

3,498 

208,609 

153,567 

35,045 

235,988 

303,939 

Majority 

54,550 

1,997 

30,906 

SALARIES  OF  STATE    OFFICERS. 

Governor,  $5,000;  lieutenant-governor,  $5  per  day;  secre- 
tary of  state,  treasurer,  auditor,  superintendent  of  public  school, 
register  of  lands,  and  railroad  commissioner,  each,  $3,000; 
superintendent  of  insurance  department,  $4,000;  adjutant-gen- 
eral, $2,000;  State  law  librarian,  $900;  supreme  court  judges, 
each  $4,500;  clerk  of  the  supreme  court,  $3,000. 

DATES   OF   THE    ORGANIZATION    OF    THE    COUNTIES,    ORIGIN  OP  THEIR 

NAMES,  ETC. 

Adair — Organized  January  29,  1841.  Named  for  Adair 
County,  Ky.,  whence  some  of  the  first  prominent  settlers  came. 
Kirksville,  the  county  seat,  was  named  for  John  Kirk,  who  set- 
tled the  site. 

Andrew — Organized  January  29,  1841.  Named  in  honor  of 
Andrew  Jackson  Davis,  a  prominent  lawyer  of  St.  Louis. 


182  HISTOBY    OF    MISSOURI. 

Atchison — Organized  February  14,  1845.  Named  in  honor  of 
Hon.  David  R.  Atchison,  then  one  of  the  United  States  senators. 
The  first  county  seat  was  Linden,  so  called  from  the  number  of 
linn  or  linden  trees  in  the  vicinity.  The  present  county  .seat, 
Rockport,  was  named  because  the  Tarkio  Creek  at  that  point  is 
rocky  or  stony. 

Audrain — ^Organized  December  17,  1886.  Named  in  honor 
of    Samuel   Audrain,   the    first  actual    settler    within  its  limits. 

Barry — Organized  January  5,  1835.  Named  in  honor  of 
Commodore  Barry,  of  the  American  navy.  Cassville,  the  county 
seat,  was  named  for  Hon.  Lewis  Cass. 

Barton — -Organized  December  12,  1855.  Named  in  honor  of 
Hon.  David  Barton,  one  of  the  first  two  United  States  senators 
from  Missouri. 

Bates — Organized  January  29,  1841.  Named  for  Hon.  Ed- 
ward Bates,  of  St.  Louis.  Butler,  the  county  seat,  was  named 
for  Gen.  William  O.  Butler,  of  Kentucky. 

Benton — Organized  January  3, 1835.  Named  for  Hon.  Thomas 
H.  Benton,  Missouri's  great  senator. 

Bollinger — Organized  March  1,  1851.  Named  in  honor  of 
Maj.  George  F.  Bollinger,  one  of  its  first  settters,  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Territorial  Legislature,  etc.  The  county  seat, 
Marble  Hill,  was  so  named  from  the  alleged  natural  character  of 
the  site.     It  was  originally  called  Dallas. 

Boone — Organized  November  16,  1820,  Named  for  Daniel 
Boone.  The  first  county  seat,  Smithton,  was  named  for  Gen.  T. 
A.  Smith;  the  present,  Columbia,  a  mile  east  of  the  former  site 
of  Smithton,  was  pi-esumably  called  for  "  the  qxieen  of  the  world 
and  the  child  of  the  skies." 

Buchanan — Organized  February  10,  1889.  Named  in  honor 
of  Hon.  James  Buchanan,  of  Pennsylvania.  The  first  county 
seat  was  Sparta,  near  the  center  of  the  county;  in  1846  the  capi- 
tal was  removed  to  St.  Joseph. 

Butler — Organized  February  27,  1849.  Named  for  Gen. 
William  O.  Butler,  of  Kentucky,  a  prominent  American  officer  in 
the  war  with  Mexico,  and  Democratic  candidate  for  vice-presi- 
dent in  1848. 

Callaicay — Organized  November  25,  1820.     Named  in  honor 


HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI.  183 

of  Capt.  James  Callaway,  a  grandson  of  Daniel  Boone,  killed  by 
the  Indians  in  the  southern  part  of  Montgomery  County,  March 
8,  1815.  Fulton,  the  county  seat,  laid  out  in  1822,  was  named 
for  Eobert  Fulton. 

Camden — Originally  created  January  29,  1841,  and  called 
Kinder!: ook,  for  the  country  seat  of  President  Van  Buren.  The 
name  was  changed  to  Camden,  for  a  county  in  North  Carolina,  in 
1843.  The  first  county  seat  was  Oregon ;  the  second,  Erie ;  the 
present,  Linn  Creek. 

Caldwell — Organized  December  26,  1836.  Named  by  the 
author  of  the  organizing  act,  Gen.  Ales.  W.  Doniphan,  for  Col. 
John  Caldwell,  of  Kentucky.  The  first  county  seat  was  Far  West, 
but  on  the  destruction  and  abandonment  of  that  place  during  the 
Mormon  War,  it  was  removed  to  Kingston,  named  for  Hon.  Aus- 
tin A.  King,  of  E.ay  County. 

Cape  Girardeau — One 'of  the  original  "districts."  Organized 
October  1,  1812;  reduced  to  its  present  limits  March  5,  1849. 
Named  for  the  town  which  was  founded  by  Louis  Lorimer  in 
1794.  Jackson,  the  county  seat,  was  incorporated  in  1824,  and 
named  for  "Old  Hickory." 

Carroll — Organized  January  3,  1833.  Named  in  honor  of 
Charles  Carroll,  of  Carrolltou,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declara- 
tion.    The  county  seat,  Carrollton,  was  laid  out  in  1837. 

Carter — Organized  March  10,  1859.  Named  for  Zimri  Car- 
ter, one  of  its  earliest  and  most  pi-ominent  citizens. 

Cass — Organized  September  14,  1835,  and  first  called  Van 
Buren,  in  honor  of  President  Van  Bureu,  whom  Missourians 
delighted  to  honor  at  that  day ;  but  in  1849.  after  he  had  been 
the  presidential  candidate  of  the  Free  Soil  party  in  the  preceding 
canvass,  the  name  was  changed  to  Cass,  in  honor  of  Lewis  Cass, 
of  Michigan,  who  had  been  the  Democratic  candidate  in  1848, 
and  had  been  defeated  by  Gen.  Taylor.  The  county  seat,  Har- 
risonville,  was  named  for  Hon.  A.  G.  Harrison,  of  Callaway. 

Cedar — -Organized  February  14,  1845,  and  named  for  its  prin- 
cipal stream.  The  original  county  seat  was  called  Lancaster. 
In  1847  the  name  was  changed  to  Fremont,  in  honor  of  the 
"  Pathfinder,"  but  in  1856  Gen.  Fremont  became  the  Eepiiblican 
candidate  for  President,  and  the  following  winter  the  Democratic 


184  HISTORY    OF   MISSOURI. 

Legislature  changed  the  name  to  Stockton,  in  honor  of  Commo- 
dore Eichard  Stockton,  of  the  navy,  who  had  arrested  Fremont 
during  the  Mexican  War,  and  sought  to  have  him  disgraced. 

Chariion — Organized  November  16,  1820.  Named  for  the 
town  of  Chariton,  which  was  laid  out  in  1818,  and  formerly  stood 
near  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  that  name.  Lewis  and  Clark 
were  of  the  opinion  that  the  original  name  of  the  Chariton  was 
"  Theriaton,"  but  others  asserted  that  the  word  is  old  French, 
and  signifies  a  chariot  or  little  wagon,  a  corruption  of  charrette 
probably.  The  first  county  seat  was  Chariton,  sometimes  called 
Old  Chariton,  long  extinct.  The  present  capital,  Keytesville, 
was  laid  out  in  1832,  and  named  by  its  founder,  James  Keyte, 
for  himself. 

C/i?'Js//fHi— Organized  March  8,  1860.  Named  probably  for 
a  county  in  Kentucky. 

Clark — Organized  in  1838  (many  authorities  say  in  1818, 
but  the  Clark  County  then  organized  was  in  Arkansas).  Named 
in  honor  of  Gov.  "William  Clark,  of  the  Lewis  and  Clark  expedition, 
and  first  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Missouri  proper,  serving 
from  1813  to  1820. 

Clay — Organized  January  2,  1822.  Named  for  Henry  Clay. 
Liberty,  the  county  seat,  was  laid  out  in  1822. 

Clinton — Organized  January  15,  1833;  reduced  to  its  pres- 
ent limits  in  1841.  Named  for  Vice-President  George  Clinton, 
of  New  York.  This  county  seat  was  first  called  Concord,  then 
Springfield,  and  finally  Plattsburg,  for  the  residence  of  Gov. 
Clinton. 

Cole — Organized  November  16,  1820.  Named  for  Capt. 
Stephen  Cole,  a  noted  pioneer  of  Missouri,  who  built  Cole's  Fort, 
at  the  present  site  of  Boonville,  and  who  died  on  "  the  plains," 
some  time  in  the  thirties,  it  is  said. 

Cooper — Organized  December  17,  1818.  Named  for  Capt. 
Sarshell  Cooper,  another  prominent  pioneer,  who  was  killed  by 
the  Indians  while  seated  at  his  own  fireside  in  "  Cooper's  Fort," 
Howard  County,  on  the  night  of  April  14,  1814.  Boonville,  the 
county  seat,  was  laid  out  in  1817,  and  named  for  Daniel  Boone. 

Crawford — Organized  January  23,  1829.  Named  in  honor 
of  Hon.  William  H.  Crawford,  of  Georgia,  candidate  for  President 


HISTORY    OF     MISSOXJKI.  185 

in  1824.  Until  1835  the  county  seat  was  at  the  month  of  Little 
Piney  (now  in  Phelps  County)  at  the  dwelling  house  of  James 
Harrison.  The  present  county  seat,  Steelville,  was  located  in 
1835  and  named  for  a  prominent  citizen. 

Dade — Organized  January  29,  1841.  Named  for  Maj.  Dade, 
of  Seminole  massacre  fame.  The  name  of  the  county  seat,  Green- 
field, has  no  especial  significance. 

Dallas — Originally  called  Niangua,  and  organized  in  1842; 
changed  to  Dallas  December  10,  1844,  and  named  in  honor  of 
Hon.  George  M.  Dallas,  of  Pennsylvania,  then  Vice-President 
elect.  Buffalo,  the  county  seat,  was  named  for  the  well-known 
city  in  New  York  by  Joe  Miles,  an  Irish  bachelor,  who  first  set- 
tled on  the  site.  The  word  Niangua  is  a  corruption  of  the  orig- 
inal Indian  name,  Nehemgar. 

Daviess — Organized  December  29,  1836.  Named  in  honor  of 
Col.  Jos.  H.  Daviess,  of  Kentucky,  who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Tip- 
pecanoe, in  1811.  Gallatin,  the  county  seat,  was  laid  out  in 
1837,  and  named  for  Albert  Gallatin,  the  old  Swiss  financier, 
who  was  secretary  of  the  treasury  from  1801  to  1813. 

De  Kalh — Organized  February  25,  1845,  and  named  in  honor 
of  the  Baron  De  Kalb,  of  the  Bevolution,  who  fell  at  the  battle  of 
Camden. 

Deni — Organized  February  10,  1851.  Named  in  honor  of 
Lewis  Dent,  a  Tennesseean,  who  settled  in  the  county  in  1835, 
and  was  its  first  representative,  elected  in  1862.  Salem,  the 
county  seat,  was  located  in  1852.  Perhaps  when  the  founders 
christened  it  they  had  in  mind  the  Hebrew  word  Salem,  signify- 
ing peace. 

Douglas — Organized  October  19, 1857,  and  named  for  Stephen 
A.  Douglas.  The  county  seat  has  been  alternately  at  Ava  and 
Vera  Cruz. 

Dunklin — Organized  February  14,  1845.  Named  in  honor  of 
Daniel  Dunklin,  Governor  of  the  State  from  1832  to  1836,  sur- 
veyor-general of  the  United  States,  etc.  Kennett,  the  county 
seat,  was  named  for  Hon.  Luther  M.  Kennett. 

Franklin — Organized  December  11,  1818.  Named  for  Ben- 
jamin Franklin.  The  first  county  seat  was  at  Newport,  but  in 
1830  was  removed  to  Union. 

12 


186  HISTOKY    OF     MISSOURI. 

Gasconade — Organized  November  25,  1820.  Named  for  the 
river;  reduced  to  its  present  limits  (nearly)  in  1835.  Hermann 
was  laid  out  in  1837,  and  became  the  county  seat  in  1845. 

Gentry — Organized  February  12,  1841.  Named  in  honor  of 
Col.  Richard  Gentry,  of  Boone  County,  who  fell  at  the  head  of 
the  Missouri  regiment  in  the  battle  against  the  Seminole  Indians 
at  Okeechobee,  Fla.,  on  Christmas  day,  1837.  The  county  seat, 
Albany,  was  at  first  called  Athens. 

Greene — Organized  January  2,  1833.  Named  for  Gen.  Na- 
thaniel Greene,  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution.  The  county  seat, 
Springfield,  was  named  for  the  seat  of  justice  of  Robertson  County, 
Tenn. 

Grundy — Organized  January  2,  1841.  Named  for  Hon.  Felix 
Grundy,  of  Tennessee,  attorney -general  of  the  United  States  from 
1838  to  1840,  etc.  The  county  seat  was  located  at  Trenton  in 
1843. 

Harrison — Organized  February  14,  1845.  Named  in  honor 
of  Hon.  Albert  G.  Harrison,  of  Callaway  County,  a  representa- 
tive in  Congress  from  the  State  from  1834  to  1839,  dying  in  the 
latter  yeai*.  Bethany,  the  county  seat,  was  laid  out  by  Tennes- 
seeans  in  1845. 

Henry — Originally  called  Rives,  in  honor  of  William  C.  Rives, 
of  Virginia,  then  a  Democratic  politician  of  national  reputation. 
Organized  December  13,  1834.  In  1840  Mr.  Rives  became  a 
Whig,  and  in  1841  the  name  of  the  county  was  changed  to  Henry, 
in  honor  of  Patrick  Henry.  Clinton,  the  county  seat,  was  laid 
out  in  1836,  and  named  for  George  Clinton,  of  New  York. 

Hickory — Organized  February  14,  1845,  and  named  for  the 
sobriquet  of  Andrew  Jackson.  The  county  seat,  Hermitage,  was 
named  for  "  Old  Hickory's"  residence. 

Holt — In  1839  the  territory  in  the  Platte  Purchase  north  of 
Buchanan  County  was  organized  into  the  "  Territory"  of  "  Ne-at- 
a-wah,"  and  attached  to  Buchanan.  "  Ne-at-a-wah  "  included  the 
present  counties  of  Andrew,  Holt,  Atchison  and  Nodaway.  In 
1841  this  territory  was  subdivided  and  the  county  of  "  Nodaway" 
organized,  but  a  few  weeks  later  the  Legislature  changed  the  name 
to  Holt,  in  honor  of  Hon.  David  Rice  Holt,  the  representative 
from  Platte  County,  who  had  died  during  the  session,  and  who 


HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI.  187 

was  buried  at  Jefferson  City.  Oregon,  the  county  seat,  was  laid 
out  in  1841,  and  at  first  called  Finley. 

Howard — Organized  January  23,  1816.  Named  in  honor  of 
Col.  Benjamin  Howard,  Governor  of  the  "Territory  of  Louisiana" 
from  1810  to  1812.  The  first  county  seat  was  at  Old  Franklin, 
on  the  Missouri,  nearly  opposite  Boonville.  Fayette  (named  for 
Gen.  La  Fayette)  became  the  county  seat  in  1823. 

Howell — Organized  March  2,  1857.  Named  for  James  How- 
ell, who  settled  in  Howell's  Valley  in  1832. 

Iron — Organized  February  17,  1857,  and  named  for  its  prin- 
cipal mineral.  The  origin  of  the  name  of  its  county  seat,  Iron- 
ton,  is  apparent. 

Jackson — Organized  December  15,  1826,  and  named  for  "  the 
hero  of  New  Orleans."  Independence,  the  county  seat,  was  laid 
out  in  1827. 

Jasper — Organized  January  29,  1841.  Named  for  Sergt. 
Jasper,  a  noted  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  who  planted  the  flag 
on  Fort  Moultrie  amidst  a  shower  of  British  cannon  balls,  and 
who  fell  at  the  assault  on  Savannah  in  1779. 

Jefferson — Organized  December  8,  1818,  and  named  for 
Thomas  Jefferson.  The  first  county  seat  was  at  Herculaneum. 
In  1835  it  was  removed  to  the  present  site,  then  called  Monti- 
cello.  There  was  already  a  county  seat  in  the  State  (in  Lewis 
County)  bearing  the  name  of  Mouticello,  and  in  1837  the  desig- 
nation of  the  capital  of  Jefferson  was  changed  to  Hillsboro. 

Johnson — Organized  December  13,  1834,  and  named  for  Col. 
Bichard  M.  Johnson,  of  Kentucky,  "the  slayer  of  Tecumseh," 
who  was  afterward,  from  1837  to  1841,  Vice  President  of  the 
United  States.  The  town  of  Warrensburg,  the  county  seat,  was 
laid  out  in  1835,  and  named  for  its  founders,  John  and  Martin  D. 
Warren. 

Knox — Organized  February  14,  1845.  Named  in  honor  of 
Gen.  Henry  Knox,  the  Boston  booksellei',  who  during  the  Revolu- 
tion became  Washington's  chief  of  artillery,  and  who,  the  uight 
before  the  battle  of  Trenton,  we  are  told,  "  went  about  tugging 
at  his  guns  like  a  Trojan  and  swearing  like  a  pirate."  He  was 
the  first  secretary  of  war  of  the  United  States.  Edina,  the  county 
seat,  was  laid  out  in  1839,  and  named  by  the  surveyor,  Hon.  S. 


188  HISTORY    OF     MISSOUEI. 

W.  B.  Carnegy,  for  the  ancient  name  of  the  capital  of  Scotland. 

Laclede — Organized  February  24,  1849.  Named  for  Pierre 
Laclede  Liguest,  often  called  Laclede,  the  founder  of  St.  Louis. 
The  county  seat,  Lebanon,  was  named  for  a  town  in  Tennessee. 

La  Fayette — Originally  called  Lillard,  in  honor  of  Hon.  James 
0.  Lillard,  and  organized  November  16,  1820.  In  1834  the 
name  of  the  county  was  changed  to  La  Fayette  in  honor  of  the 
Marquis  de  la  Fayette.  The  first  county  seat  was  at  Mount 
Vernon,  on  the  Missouri,  but  was  removed  to  Lexington  in  1824. 

Lawrence — The  first  organization  of  a  county  called  Lawi-ence, 
in  1818,  was  never  perfected.  The  present  county  was  created 
February  25,  1845,  and  named  for  the  gallant  Yankee  sea  cap- 
tain, James  Lawrence,  who  said,  "  Don't  give  up  the  ship." 
Mount  Vernon,  the  county  seat,  was  located  the  same  year. 

Lewis — Organized  January  2,  1833.  Named  for  Capt.  Mer- 
ri wether  Lewis,  of  the  Lewis  and  Clark  expedition,  who  was 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Louisiana  from  1807  to  1809,  and 
who  committed  suicide  in  the  latter  year  in  a  county  in  Tennessee 
now  bearing  his  name,  while  on  his  way  to  Washington.  Monti- 
cello  ("Little  Mountain"),  the  county  seat,  was  laid  out  in  1834, 
and  named  for  the  country  seat  of  Thomas  Jefferson. 

Lincoln — Organized  December  14,  1818,  and  named  for  Gen. 
Benjamin  Lincoln,  of  the  Revolution.  Troy  (originally  called 
Wood's  Fort)  became  the  county  seat  in  1819. 

Linn — Organized  January  7,  1887.  Named  in  honor  of  Dr. 
Lewis  F.  Linn,  of  Ste.  Genevieve,  United  States  senator  from 
1883  to  1848,  dying  in  office  during  the  latter  year.  The  origin 
of  the  name  of  the  county  seat,  Linneus,  is  uncertain. 

Livingston — Organized  January  6,  1837.  Named  for  Hon. 
Edward  Livingston,  of  Louisiana,  secretary  of  state  from  1881 
to  1833.  The  county  seat,  Chillicothe  (an  Indian  name  said  to 
signify  "the  big  town  where  we  live"),  was  located  in  1887. 

McDonald — Organized  March  8,  1849.  Said  to  have  been 
named  for  Sergt.  McDonald,  a  South  Carolina  trooper  of  the 
Bevolution.  The  first  county  seat  was  at  Rutledge,  but  was  sub- 
sequently removed  to  Pineville,  which  place  was  originally  called 
Marysville. 

Macon — Organized  January  6,  1837.     Named  for  Nathaniel 


HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI.  189 

Macon,  of  North  Carolina.  The  first  county  seat  was  called 
"  Box  Ancle,"  afterward  Bloomington.  It  was  removed  to  Macon 
'  City  in  1860. 

Madison — Organized  December  14,  1818,  and  named  for 
President  Madison.  The  first  county  seat  was  St.  Michael,  near 
the  present  capital,  Fredericktown,  which  was  located  in  1821. 

Maries — Organized  March  2,  1855,  and  named  for  the  two 
streams,  Marie  and  Little  Marie. 

Marion — Organized  December  23,  1826,  and  named  for  Gen. 
Francis  Marion,  "  The  Swamp  Fox."  Palmyra,  which  has  always 
been  the  county  seat,  was  laid  off  in  1819. 

Mercer — Organized  February  14,  1845.  Named  in  honor  of 
Gen.  Hugh  Mercer,  of  the  Revolution,  and  the  county  seat, 
Princeton,  was   so  called  for  the  battle  in  which  he  lost  his  life. 

Miller — Organized  February  6,  1837.  Named  for  John  Mil- 
ler, a  colonel  under  Harrison  in  the  War  of  1812,  Governor  of 
Missouri  from  1826  to  1832,  member  of  Congress  from  1836  to 
1842,  etc. 

Mississippi — Organized  February  14,  1845,  and  named  for 
the  Father  of  Waters. 

Moniteau — Organized  February  14,  1845.  Named  for  the 
stream  which  flows  through  the  western  part,  whose  name  is  a 
corruption  of  the  Indian  word  Maniton,  meaning  the  Deity. 
California,  the  county  seat,  was  laid  out  in  1845,  and  originally 
called  Boonsboro. 

Monroe — Organized  January  6,  1831,  and  named  in  honor  of 
James  Monroe.  Paris,  the  county  seat,  was  settled  upon  in 
1881,  and  named  for  Paris,  Ky. 

Montgomery — Organized  December  14,  1818,  and  named 
for  Gen.  Richard  Montgomery,  who  fell  at  the  storming  of 
Quebec.  The  first  county  seat  was  at  Piuckney,  on  the  Missouri, 
afterward  it  was  removed  to  Lewiston,  near  the  center  of  the 
county,  and  finally  to  Danville,  which  was  laid  off  in  1834. 

Morgan — Organized  January  5,  1833,  and  named  for  Gen. 
Daniel  Morgan,  who  commanded  the  famous  riflemen  in  the 
Revolution.  The  first  county  seat  was  at  Millville,  now  extinct, 
but  in  1834  it  was  removed  to  Versailles. 

New   Madrid — One  of  the  original   "districts."     Organized 


190  HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI. 

October  1,  1812.  Named  for  the  town  (the  county  seat)  which 
was,  properly  speaking,  founded  by  Gen.  Morgan,  of  New  Jersey, 
in  1788. 

Neioton — Organized  December  31,  1838.  Named  for  Sergt. 
Newton,  the  comrade  of  Jasper,  the  Revolutionary  hero.  The 
name  given  to  the  county  seat,  Neosho,  is  a  corruption  of  the 
Osage  Indian  word,  Ne-o-zho. 

Nodaioay — Organized  February  14,  1845.  Named  for  the 
stream  flowing  through  it.  The  name  is  a  corruption  of  Ni-di- 
wah,  a  Sac  and  Fox  Indian  word,  meaning  "  hearsay."  (It  will 
be  remembered  that  the  original  designation  of  Holt  County 
was  Nodaway.)  The  county  seat,  Maryville,  was  laid  off  in 
1845,  and  named  for  the  first  resident  lady,  Mrs.  Mary  Graham. 

Oregon — Organized  February  14,  1845.  Named  for  the 
territory  then  under  discussion,  in  connection  with  which  the 
phrase   "  54-40  or  fight"  was  often  heard. 

Osage — Organized  January  29,  1841,  and  named  for  the 
river  which  forms  the  greater  portion  of  its  western  boundary. 
The  Osage  River  was  named  by  the  French  more  than  100  years 
ago  fi'om  the  tribe  of  Indians  upon  its  banks.  The  word  is  a 
corruption  of  Oiia-chage,  or  Ou-chage  (whence  Wahsatch),  and 
as  applied  to  individual,  means  "the  strong."  Linn,  the  county 
seat,  is  named  in  honor  of  Senator  Lewis  F.  Linn. 

Ozark — Organized  January  29,  1841.  In  1843  its  name  was 
changed  to  Decatur,  in  honor  of  the  famous  fighting  commodore, 
Stephen  Decatur,  but  in  1845,  its  present  title  was  restored. 
The  first  county  seat  was  Rockbridge,  near  the  north  line ;  the 
present  is  Gainesville. 

Pemiscot — Organized  February  19,  1861.  Named  for  the 
large  bayou  within  its  borders.  The  word  signifies  "  liquid 
mud."  Gayoso,  the  county  seat,  was  named  for  a  prominent 
Spanish  ofiicial  of  the  territorial  days. 

Perry — Organized  November  16,  1820.  Named  in  honor  of 
Commodore  Oliver  H.  Perry,  the  hero  of  Lake  Erie.  Perryville, 
the  county  seat,  was  located  in  1821. 

Pettis — Organized  January  26,  1833.  Named  in  honor  of 
Hon.  Spencer  Pettis,  of  St.  Louis,  a  member  of  Congress  fi'om 
Missouri  in  1828-31,  and  who  was  killed  in  a  duel  with   Maj. 


HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI.  191 

Thomas  Biddle,  on  Bloody  Island,  in  the  latter  year.  The  first 
county  seat  was  at  St.  Helena;  in  1837  it  was  removed  to  George- 
town ;  in  1862  to  Sedalia.  The  last  named  town  was  laid  out  in 
1859,  aud  named  by  its  founder,  Gen.  George  E.  Smith,  for  his 
daughter  Sarah,  who  was  familiarly  called  "  Sade  "  and  "  Sed." 
It  was  first  called  by  Gen.  Smith  "  Sedville,"  but  he  afterward 
gave  it  the  more  euphonius  title  which  it  now  bears. 

Phelps — Organized  November  13,  1857.  Named  for  Hon. 
John  S.  Phelps,  of  Greene  County,  member  of  Congress  from 
1844  to  1862;  Governor  from  1877  to  1881,  etc. 

Pike — Organized  December  14,  1818.  Named  in  honor  of 
Gen.  Zebulon  Pike,  who  explored  the  Upper  Mississippi  in  1805 ; 
visited  Kansas,  Colorado  aud  New  Mexico  and  other  territory  in 
the  West  in  1806,  discovering  the  mountain  which  yet  bears  the 
name  of  Pike's  Peak,  and  who  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  York, 
Canada,  in  April,  1813.  Bowling  Green  was  laid  out  in  1819, 
and  became  the  county  seat  in  1824,  upon  its  removal  from 
Louisiana. 

Platte — Organized  December  31, 1838,  and  named  indirectly 
for  the  Platte  Eiver,  which  flows  through  it,  and  from  which  the 
Platte  Purchase  was  named.  Platte  City,  the  county  seat,  was 
originally  called  Falls  of  Platte. 

Polk — Organized  March  13, 1835.  Named  in  honor  of  James 
K.  Polk,  of  Tennessee,  who  afterward,  in  1844,  became  President. 
He  had  numerous  admirers  among  the  first  settlers,  who  had 
known  him  in  Tennessee  before  their  removal  to  Missouri. 

Pulaski — Organized  December  15,  1818.  Named  in  honor 
of  Count  Pulaski,  who  fell  at  Savannah  during  the  Kevolution. 

Putnam — Organized  February  28,  1845,  aud  named  for  Gen. 
Israel  Putnam.  The  first  county  seat  was  at  Putnamville,  after- 
ward at  Winchester,  and  finally  at  Harmony,  whose  present  name 
is  Unionville. 

Balls — Organized  November  16,  1820.  Named  in  honor  of 
Daniel  Halls,  a  member  of  the  Legislature  at  that  time  from  Pike 
County.     New  London  was  laid  out  in  1819. 

Randolph — Organized  January  22,  1829,  Named  for  John 
Randolph,  of  Roanoke.  Huntsville  became  the  county  seat  in 
1830,  and  named  for  Judge  Ezra  Hunt. 


192  HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI. 

Ray — Organized  November  16,  1820,  and  named  for  Hon. 
John  Ray,  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  from  How- 
ard County.  The  first  county  seat  was  at  Blufifton,  but  in  1828 
it  was  removed  to  Richmond. 

Reynolds — Organized  February  25,  1845.  Named  in  honor 
of  Hon.  Thomas  Reynolds,  Governor  of  Missouri  from  1841  to 
1844,  in  which  latter  year  he  committed  suicide  at  the  capital. 
His  name  was  bestowed  upon  this  county  through  the  efforts  of 
Hon.  Pate  Buford,  his  particular  fi-iend. 

Ripley — -Organized  January  5,  1813,  and  named  in  honor  of 
Gen.  Ripley,  of  the  War  of  1812.  Doniphan,  the  county  seat, 
was  named  for  Gen.  A.  W.  Doniphan,  Missouri's  renowned  hero 
of  the  Mexican  War. 

St.  Charles — One  of  the  original  "districts."  Organized 
October  1,  1812.  Named  for  the  town,  which  was  named  by  the 
French. 

Si.  Clair — Organized  January  29,  1841.  Named  for  Gen. 
Arthur  St.  Clair,  of  the  Revolution.  Osceola,  named  for  the 
noted  Seminole  chief,  became  the  county  seat  in  1842. 

Si.  i^'roncoi's— Organized  December  19,  1821.  Named  for 
the  river.  Farmington,  the  present  county  seat,  was  not  laid 
out  until  1856. 

Sic.  Genevieve — One  of  the  original  "districts."  Organized 
October  1,  1812.  Named  for  the  town,  which  was  founded,  prac- 
tically, in  1763,  although  settled  probably  in  1785. 

Si.  Louis — One  of  the  original  "districts."  Organized  Oc- 
tober 1,  1812.  Named  for  the  town,  which  in  turn  was  named 
for  King  Louis  XV  of  France,  having  been  founded  by  Pierre 
Laclede,  in  1764.     Clayton  'was  made  the  county  seat  in  1875. 

Saline — Organized  November  25,  1820.  County  seats  in 
their  order  have  been  Jefferson,  Jonesboro,  Arrow  Rock  and  Mar- 
shall.    The  county  was  named  for  its  salt  springs. 

Schuyler — -Organized  February  14,  1845,  and  named  for  Gen. 
Philip  Schuyler  of  the  Revolution.  The  first  county  seat  was  at 
Tippecanoe;  Lancaster,  the  present  capital,  was  laid  out  in  1845. 

Scotland — Organized  January  29,  1841.  Named  by  Hon.  S. 
W.  B.  Carnegy,  now  of  Canton,  in  honor  of  the  land  of  his  ances- 
tors.    He  surveyed  and  named  the  town  of  Edinburg  in  this 


HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI.  193 

county,  and  also  the  town  of  Edina,  in  Knox  County.  The  first 
courts  in  Scotland  were  held  at  Sand  Hill,  but  in  1843  the  county 
seat  was  located  at  Memphis. 

Scott — Organized  December  28,  1821.  Named  for  Hon. 
John  Scott,  the  first  congressman  from  Missouri.  The  first 
county  seat  was  at  Benton. 

Shannon — Organized  January  29,  1841.  Named  for  Hon. 
George  F.  Shannon,  a  jJi'ominent  lawyer  and  politician  of  the 
State,  who  dropped  dead  in  the  courthouse  at  Palmyra,  in 
August,  1886. 

Shelby — Organized  January  2,  1885.  Named  for  Gen.  Isaac 
Shelby,  who  fought  at  King's  Mountain,  in  the  Revolution,  and 
was  subsequently  Governor  of  Kentucky.  The  first  county  seat 
was  at  Oak  Dale,  but  was  located  at  Shelbyville  in  1836. 

Stoddard — Organized  January  2,  1836.  Named  for  Capt. 
Amos  Stoddard,  of  Connecticut,  who  took  possession  of  Missouri 
in  the  name  of  his  government  after  the  Louisiana  purchase. 

Stone — Organized  February  10,  1851,  and  named  for  the 
stony  character  of  its  soil.  Galena,  the  county  seat,  was  so 
named  for  the  presence  of  that  mineral  in  the  vicinity. 

Sullivan — Fully  organized  February  16,  1848,  and  named  by 
Hon.  E.  C.  Morelock  far  his  native  county  in  Tennessee.  In  the 
preliminary  organization,  in  1843,  the  county  was  named  High- 
land. The  first  courts  were  held  at  the  house  of  A.  C.  Hill,  on 
the  present  site  of  Milan,  which  became  the  county  seat  in  1845. 

Taney — Organized  January  6,  1837,  and  named  for  Chief 
Justice  Roger  B.  Taney.  Forsyth,  the  county  seat,  located  in 
1838,  was  named  for  Hon.  John  Forsyth,  of  Georgia,  who  was 
Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States  from  1834  to  1841. 

Texas — Organized  February  14,  1845,  and  named  for  the 
Lone  Star  State.  Houston,  the  county  seat,  was  named  for  Gen. 
Sam  Houston,  the  "hero  of  San  Jacinto." 

Vernon — Organized  as  at  present  February  27, 1855.  Named 
for  Hon.  Miles  Vernon,  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  from  La- 
clede County,  who  fought  under  Gen.  Jackson  at  New  Orleans, 
and  who  presided  over  the  Senate  branch  of  the  "Claib  Jackson 
Legislature,"  which  passed  the  "Ordinance  of  Secession,"  at  Ne- 
osho, October  28,  1861.     Nevada, _the  county  seat,  was  originally 


194  HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI. 

called  Nevada  City,  and  named  by  Col.  D.  C.  Hunter  for  a  town 
in  California. 

Warren — Organized  January  5,  1833,  and  named  for  Gen. 
Joseph  Warren,  who  fell  at  Bunker  Hill.  Warrenton  became 
the  county  seat  in  1835. 

Washington — Organized  August  21,  1813,  and  named  for  the 
"Father  of  His  Country."  It  is  claimed  that  Potosi,  the  county 
seat,  was  first  settled  in  1765. 

Wayne — Organized  December  11,  1818,  when  it  comprised 
the  greater  part  of  the  southern  one-third  of  the  State.  It  was 
formerly  called  by  the  sobriquet  of  "the  State  of  Wayne,"  and 
latterly  "the  Mother  of  Counties."  It  was  named  in  honor  of 
Gen.  Anthony  Wayne,  of  the  Eevolution,  the  famous  "  Mad  An- 
thony" of  history  and  legend.  Greenrille,  the  county  seat,  was 
laid  out  in  1818,  and  named  for  the  scene  of  Gen.  Wayne's  treaty. 

Webster — Organized  March  3,  1855,  and  named  for  Daniel 
Webster.  The  county  seat,  Marshfield,  was  named  for  Webster's 
country  seat. 

Worth — Organized  February  8, 1861,  and  named  in  honor  of 
Gen.  William ,  Worth,  one  of  the  prominent  American  command- 
ers in  the  Mexican  War.  Grant  City  was  laid  ofE  in  1864,  and 
named  for  Gen.  Grant. 

Wright — Organized  Jauuary  29,  1841,  and  named  in  honor 
of  Hon.  Silas  Wright  of  New  York,  a  leading  Democratic  states- 
man of  that  period.  Hartville  was  named  for  the  owner  of  the 
site. 

There  have  been  attempts  at  the  creation  of  other  counties 
fi-om  time  to  time.  Dodge  County,  named  for  Gen .  Henry  Dodge, 
was  organized  in  1851,  with  a  county  seat  at  St.  John,  but  in 
1853  it  was  disorganized  and  its  territory  included  within  the 
limits  of  Putnam,  of  which  county  it  had  formed  the  western 
part.  The  organization  of  Donaldson,  Merrimac,  and  perhaps 
two  or  three  other  counties,  was  never  perfected. 


HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI. 


195 


POPULATION  OF  MISSOURI  BY  COUNTIES. 

The  annexed  table  shows  the  population  of  the  State  by  the  counties  in  ex- 
istence at  the  several  periods  mentioned.  The  population  of  the  Territory  in 
1810  was  30,845. 


Counties. 

1821. 

1830. 

1840. 

I860. 

I860. 

1870. 

1880. 

Adair 

3,342 
9,433 

1,648 
8,506 
3,467 

8,531 

11,850 
4,649 
8,075 
7,995 
1,817 
7,215 
9,073 
7,871 

19,486 

38,861 
2,891 
5,084 

17,049 
4,975 

15,547 
9,763 
1,235 
9,794 
6,637 

12,562 
5,491 

11,684 

13,038 
7,748 
9,697 

17,856 
5,828 
7,072 
5,892 
9,606 
5,224 
5,654 
2.414 
5,026 

18,035 
8,727 

11.980 

18,186 
7,887 

10,626 
9,866 
4,705 
6,550 

15,946 
3,169 
5,843 

23,896 
6,888 

10,844 

14,644 

11,449 

15,137 

8,440 

12,307 

10,373 

5,087 

15,960 

11,333 

8,163 

20,765 

35,109 

4,298 

11,390 

19,202 

6,108 

17.558 

17,445 

1,455 

19,396 

9,474 

19,135 

6,707 

13,667 

15,564 

14.063 

10.293 

20.692 

7.982 

8.683 

8,888 

14,410 

9.858 

6.357 

3.915 

5,982 

28,098 

11,093 

11,607 

21,549 

10,  .567 

14,635 

17,401 

6,452 

11,6.52 

17,233 

4,318 

6,378 

55,041 

14,938 

15,380 

34,648 

15  190 

Andrew 

16  818 

14  556 

Audrain 

1,949 
4,795 

19  732 

Barry 

14' 405 

Barton 

10  3.32 

Bates 

8,669 
5,015 

25381 

Benton 

4,205 

13  396 

Bollinger 

11  130 

Boone 

Buchanan  

3,693 

8,859 

18,561 
6,337 

14,979 
13,975 

1,616 

3,316 
18,827 

2,338 
13,912 

5,441 

35;422 
49  793 

Butler   

6  011 

Caldwell 

1,458 
11,765 

13,646 

Callawav    

1,797 

6,102 

23,670 
7  266 

Cape  Girardeau . . . 
Carroll 

7,852 

7,430 

9,359 
2,438 

20,998 
23  274 

Carter 

2  168 

Cass 

4,693 

6,090 
3,361 

7,514 

22  481 

Cedar 

10  741 

Chariton 

1,426 

1,776 

4,746 

25  334 

Christian 

9  628 

Clark 

3,846 
8,283 
2,724 
9,286 
10,484 
3,561 

5,527 
10,882 
3,786 
6,696 
12,950 
6,397 
4,246 
3,648 
5,298 
2,075 

15  031 

Clay 

5,843 

15  .573 

Clinton 

16  073 

Cole 

Cooner 

1,038 
3,488 

3,006 
6,910 
1,709 

15^515 
31  596 

10,756 

Dade 

13,557 

Dallas 

9,303 

2,736 

19,145 

De  Kalb 

13,884 

Dent 

10,646 

7,753 

Dunklin 

1,330 

11,031 

4,996 

4,248 

12,785 

3,006 

2,447 

4,053 

2,329 

3,957 

13,969 

9.604 

Franklin 

1.938 
1,174 

3,431 

1,548 

7,5i5 
5,330 

36,534 

Gasconade 

Gentry 

11,153 

17,176 

Greene    

5,372 

28  801 

Grundy 

15.185 

2(1,304 

4,726 

23,906 

7,887 

Holt 

15.509 

7,821 

10,314 

18,108 

18,428 

Howell 

8,814 

8,183 

Jackson 

2,832 

7,612 

14,000 
4,223 
6,928 
7,467 

83,325 

32.019 

Jefferson 

1,888 

3,586 

4,396 
4,471 

18,786 

28,172 

196  HISTORY   OF    MISSOURI. 

POPULATION  OF  MISSOURI  BY  COUNTIES.— Con^t/ivcrf. 


ConSTiBS. 

1821. 

1830. 

1840. 

3850. 

I860. 

1870. 

1880. 

Knox 

2,894 
2,498 
13,690 
4.859 
6.578 
9,421 
4,058 
4.247 
2,236 
6,56? 
6,003 

8.727 
5,182 

20,098 
8,846 

12,286 

14,210 
9,112 
7,417 
4,038 

14,346 
5,664 
4,901 

18,838 
9,800 
6.812 
4,859 

10,124 

14,785 
9,718 
8,203 
5,654 
9.319 
5,352 
3,009 
7,879 
2,447 
2,962 
9,128 
9,892 
5,714 

18,417 

18.3.50 
9,995 
3,835 
9,207 
8,592 

11,407 

14,092 
3,173 
3,747 

16,523 

6,812 

4.349 

8,029 

190,524 

14.699 
6.097 
8.873 
5.247 
2,284 
7,301 
7,877 
2.400 
9,198 
3.576 
6,067 

10,974 

9,380 

22,628 

13,067 

15,114 

15,960 

15,900 

16,730 

5,226 

23,230 

5,849 

5,916 

23,780 

11,557 

6,616 

4,982 

11,375 

17,149 

10,405 

8,434 

6,357 

12,821 

14,751 

3,287 

10,793 

3,363 

2,059 

9,877 

18,706 

10,506 

28,077 

17,352 

12,445 

4,714 

11,317 

10,510 

15,908 

18,700 

3,756 

3,175 

21.304 

6.747 

9.742 

8.384 

351,189 

21,672 

8,820 

10.670 

7,317 

2,339 

10,119 

8,535 

3,258 

11,907 

4,407 

9,618 

13  047 

Laclede 

11  534 

La  Fayette 

1,840 

2,921 

6,815 

25,710 
17  583 

6,040 
7.449 
2,245 
4,325 

15,935 
17  426 

Lincoln 

1,674 

4,060 

20,016 
20  196 

Livingston 

7,816 
26  222 

Macon 

6,034 
8,395 

Madison 

2,871 

8,876 

Maries 

7  304 

1,907 

4,839 

9,623 

12,230 
2,691 
3,834 
3,123 
6,004 

10,541 
5,486 
4,6.50 
5,541 
4,268 
2,118 
1,432 
6,704 
2,394 

24,837 

14,673 

Miller 

2,282 

9,805 

Mississippi 

9,270 

Moniteau 

14  346 

Monroe 

3.966 

9,505 
4,371 
4,407 
4,554 
8,790 

19  071 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

2,032 

16,249 
10.182 

New  Madrid 

Newton      .       .   . 

2,445 

2,351 

7,694 
18,947 
29  544 

Oregon 

5,721 

11,824 

Ozark 

5,618 

4,299 

Ferry 

1,599 

8,871 

5,760 
3,980 

7,215 
5,150 

11.895 

Pettis 

27.271 

Phelps 

12.568 

Pike 

2,677 

6,122 

10,646 

-  8,913 

8,449 

6,539 

13.609 

16,845 
6,186 
8,998 
1,657 
6,151 
9.439 

10,358 
1,849 
2,830 

11,454 
3,556 
4.964 
5,313 
104,978 
8,843 
3,287 
3,783 
3,182 
1,199 
4,353 
4,277 

26.715 

Platte 

17,366 

Polk 

15,734 

Pulaski 

7,2.50 

Putnam 

18,555 

Ralls 

1,684 

4,346 
2,942 
2,658 

5,670 
7,198 
6,058 

11,838 

22,7.51 

Ray 

1,789 

20,190 

5,722 

Ripley 

2,856 
7,911 

5,377 

St.  Charles 

St.  Clair 

4,058 

4,822 

23,065 
14,135 

St.  Francois 

2.386 

2.000 

14,909 

2,182 

3.211 

8,148 

85,975 

5,258 

13,832 

Ste.  Genevieve 

St.  Louis 

3,181 
8,190 
1,176 

10.390 
883,406 

Saline 

29,911 

Schuyler 

10,470 

Scotland 

12.508 

Scott     

2,136 

5,974 

8..587 

Shannon 

3,441 

Shelby 

3,056 
8,153 

14.024 

Stoddard 

13.431 

Stone 

4.404 

Sullivan         .       . . 

2,983 
4.373 
3,313 

16.569 

Taney 

3,264 

5.599 

Texas 

13.306 

HISTOKT    OF    MISSOUKI. 


197 


POPULATION  OF  MISSOURI  BY  COVl^TmS.— Concluded. 


COUNTIBS. 

1821. 

1830. 

1840. 

1850. 

1860. 

18T0. 

1880. 

Vernon 

4,850 
8,339 
9,723 
5,629 
7,099 

11,247 
9,637 

11,719 
6,068 

10,434 
5,004 
5,684 

19,369 
10,806 
12,896 
9,096 
12  175 

Warren 

4,353 
7,213 
3,403 

5,860 
8,811 
5,518 

Washington 

Wayne   

3,741 
1,614 

6,779 
3,254 

Webster 

Worth 

8,203 
9  713 

Wright 

3,387 

4,508 

Total 

70,647 

140,304 

383,702 

682,043 

1,182,013 

1,721,395 

2,168,380 

CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 

The  following  table  shows  the  population  of  cities  and  towns  in  the  State 
with  a  population  of  4,000  and  upward  in  1880,  compared  with  the  census 
of  1870: 


Towss. 


Carthage 

Chillicothe  . . . 

Hannibal 

Jefferson  City. 

Joplin 

Kansas  City... 
Louisiana 


1870. 


3,978 

10,125 

4,420 


33,260 
3,630 


1880. 


4,167 
4,078 

11,074 
5,371 
7,038 

55,785 
4,325 


Towns. 

Moberly 

St.  Charles. . . 
St.  Joseph. . . 

St.  Louis 

Sedalia 

Springfield. . . 
Warrensburg, 


1870. 


1,514 
5,570 
19,565 
310,864 
4,560 
5,555 
2,945 


1880. 


6,070 
5,014 
32,431 
350,518 
9,561 
6,532 
4.040 


CONCLUSION. 

Such,  in  brief,  is  the  History  of  Missouri,  one  of  the  foremost 
of  the  States  of  the  Union  in  everything  that  goes  to  make  up 
our  Commonwealth.  While  there  may  be  spots  and  flaws  in  the 
early  records  of  its  pioneer  settlers,  yet  with  them  all  this  early 
and  later  history  is  one  that  must  stir  the  blood  and  quicken  the 
pulse  of  him  who  reads.  Its  institutions  of  civil  and  religious 
freedom,  guaranteeing  the  rights  of  citizenship,  education  and 
worship,  extending  the  blessings  of  beneficent  law  silently  and 
extensively  as  the  atmosphere  about  us,  demand  our  love.  Then, 
too,  it  is  a  State  of  innumerable  and  as  yet  undeveloped  resources. 
Its  soil  yields  almost  an  infinite  variety  of  production.  Within 
its  bosom  lie  hid    many  minerals,  and  its  forests  are  rich  in  ex- 


198  HISTORY    OF     MISSOUBI. 

■I 

haustless  stores  o£  timber,  while  its  prairies  are  made  to  "  bud 
and  blossom  like  the  rose."  It  is  a  State  of  the  free  school,  the 
free  press  and  the  free  pulpit,  a  trio  the  power  of  which  it  is  im- 
possible to  compute.  The  free  schools,  open  to  rich  and  poor, 
bind  together  the  people  in  educational  bonds  and  in  the  common 
memories  of  the  recitation-room  and  the  play  grounds.  The  free 
press  may  not  always  be  altogether  as  dignified  or  elevated  as  the 
more  highly  cultivated  may  desire,  but  it  is  ever  open  to  the  com- 
plaints of  the  people;  is  ever  watchful  of  popular  rights  and  jeal- 
ous of  class  encroachments.  The  free  pulpit,  sustained  not  by 
legally  exacted  tithes  wrung  from  an  unwilling  people,  but  by 
the  free-will  offerings  of  loving  supporters,  gathers  about  it  the 
thousands,  inculcates  the  highest  morality,  points  to  brighter 
worlds,  and  when  occasion  demands  will  not  be  silent  before  po- 
litical wrongs.  Its  power  simply  as  an  educating  agency  can 
scarcely  be  estimated.  These  three  grand  agencies  are  not  rival 
but  supplementary,  each  doing  an  essential  work  in  public  cult- 
ure. 

Above  all  this  is  a  State  of  homes.  Here  there  is  no  system 
of  vast  land-ownerships,  with  lettings  and  sub-lettings,  but,  on 
the  contrary,  the  abundance  and  cheapness  of  land  gives  a  large 
proportion  of  the  population  proprietary  interests.  To  all  this, 
add  the  freedom  of  elective  franchise  which  invests  the  humblest 
citizen  with  the  functions  of  sovereignty,  and  is  there  not  reason 
for  loving  such  a  State? 

The  Missouri  of  to-day  is  not  the  Missouri  of  a  decade  ago.  A 
dark  period  followed  the  close  of  that  bitter  internecine  strife,  so 
fatal  to  this  locality,  but  notwithstanding  all  this,  prosperity  and 
progress  beyond  former  precedents  are  now  her  portion.  The 
area  of  land  under  cultivation  is  greater  than  ever  before,  and 
the  census  of  1890  will  exhibit  an  astounding  increase  in  every 
department  of  material  industry  and  advancement;  in  a  great  in- 
crease of  agricultural  and  mechanical  wealth;  in  new  and  im- 
proved modes  for  production  of  every  kind,  in  the  universal 
activity  of  business  in  all  its  branches;  in  the  rapid  growth  of 
cities  and  villages;  in  bountiful  harvests,  and  in  uiiexampled 
material  prosperity  prevailing  on  every  hand.  Colleges  and 
schools  of  every  class  and  grade  are  in  the  most  flourishing  con- 


HISTOBY   OF    MISSOURI. 


199 


dition;  benevolent  institutions,  State  and  private,  are  well  main- 
tained, and,  as  one  has  aptly  said,  "  In  a  word  our  prosperity  is 
as  complete  and  ample  as  though  no  tread  of  armies  or  beat  o£ 
drum  had  been  heard  in  our  borders."  Surely  these  are  not  the 
ordinary  indices  of  exhaustion!  As  to  resources-  for  the  future 
struggle,  the  resources  of  the  State  will  meet  each  legitimate  call. 
Guiding  all  these  is  the  intelligent  jDurpose  of  a  people  whose 
ambition,  laudable  indeed,  is  to  make  Missouri  in  reputation 
what  she  is  in  reality — one  of  the  very  richest  States  of  the  Union. 


PART  II. 


HISTORY  OF  ha: 


V 


COUIiTY. 


'! 


History  of  Harrison  County. 


TOPOGEAPHY.* 


HARRISON  COUNTY  is  a  little  more  than  30  miles  long,  north 
and  south,  and  24  miles  across  east  and  west;  it  contains  some- 
thing over  720  square  miles  or  sections  of  land,  or  about  2(54,000  acres. 
It  is  centrally  located  in  the  celebrated  Grand  River  country,  joins 
Iowa  on  the  north,  and  is  the  foiu'th  county  east  from  the  Missouri 
River. 

Timber. — Originally  about  three -fom-ths  of  the  land  of  this  county 
was  prairie  and  one-fourth  timber.  The  timber  was  mostly  situated 
along  the  numerous  streams  of  water.  The  principal  kinds  of  native 
timber  are  white  oak,  black  oak,  burr  oak,  hickory,  walnut,  eottonwood, 
elm,  ash,  linn,  maple,  sycamore,  buckeye  and  locust.  Perhaps  over  half 
the  timber  was  oak,  and  much  the  greatest  part  of  the  oak  was  of  the 
burr  oak  variety.  The  trees  were  generally  not  very  tall  except  along 
the  larger  streams,  where  many  trees  were  over  100  feet  high. 

Burr  oak  was  the  most  valuable  timber  for  general  purposes,  as  from 
it  most  of  the  rails,  posts,  and  framing  timber  were  made;  it  is  more 
lasting  especially  when  connected  with  the  ground  than  almost  any 
other  of  the  native  timber,  and  it  was  very  good  for  fuel.  Whilst  it 
did  not  grow  very  tall,  yet  nearly  every  tree  would  make  one  or  two 
rail  cuts,  and  the  remainder  of  the  tree  would  make  excellent  firewood. 

In  some  localities  there  was  considerable  hickory  timber.  It  was 
good  for  fuel,  but  most  varieties  would  not  last  well  in  rails,  or  when 
exposed  to  the  weather.  Recently  it  has  been  and  is  highly  prized  for 
making  farm  implements,  wagons  and  buggies,  as  when  painted  it  lasts 
well.  Originally  there  was  considerable  walnut  timber  in  the  county, 
but  from  1870  until  1885,  nearly  all  that  was  large  enough  for  use  was 


•  Conlributed  by  D.  J,  Heaston. 


204  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

cut  and  shipped  out  of  the  country  to  be  used  in  Eastern  manufactories. 
The  other  varieties  of  timber  were  very  limited,  and  generally  not  of 
much  value.  There  has  always  been  and  still  is  sufficient  timber  in 
this  county  for  fuel,  fencing  and  most  building  purposes. 

Streams. — The  streams  of  water  nearly  all  flow  in  a  southerly  di- 
rection, the  rainfall  and  springs  generally  finding  an  outlet  to  the  Mis- 
souri River.  The  Middle  Fork,  or  what  is  usually  called  Thompson' s 
Fork  of  Grand  River,  rises  some  40  or  50  miles  in  Iowa,  and  enters  this 
county  near  the  northeast  corner,  and  runs  in  a  southerly  com-se 
through  the  east  part  of  the  county  over  20  miles  in  a  direct  line,  but 
a  much  greater  distance  by  the  meanderings  of  the  stream. 

East  of  Grand  River  is  a  large  scope  of  excellent  timber,  many 
places  miles  in  width,  but  most  of  this  timber  is  in  Mercer  County, 
as  the  river  is  so  near  the  county  line.  West  of  the  river  almost  the 
entire  distance  through  the  county  is  a  nearly  level  prairie,  generally 
known  as  the  "Grand  River  Bottom,"  a  narrow  fringe  of  timber 
occiu-ring  along  the  immediate  bank  of  the  river  and  at  the  foot  of  the 
bluffs  west  *f  the  "bottom."  This  bottom  varies  in  width  from  a 
half  mile  to  two  miles;  a  portion  of  it  is  subject  to  overflow  occasion- 
ally when  the  river  is  veiy  high.  This  prairie  bottom  in  many  places 
is  lower  back  a  distance  fi-om  the  river  than  it  is  along  the  immediate 
river  bank,  indicating  that  the  banks  forming  the  channel  of  the  river 
have  been  raised  and  built  up  gradually  by  deposit  of  dirt  and  debi-is 
from  the  rises  and  overflows.  For  many  years  after  the  first  settling 
of  the  county  there  were  no  improvements  made  on  these  bottoms,  as 
it  was  generally  considered  that  it  was  too  wet  for  cultivation,  or  the 
danger  of  overflow  which  occurred  every  few  years  was  too  great  to  risk 
fencing  and  loss  of  crop,  but  recently  nearly  all  this  bottom  has  been 
fenced  and  put  in  cultivation,  and  the  deep  black  soil  has  proven  it 
the  best  corn  producing  portion  of  the  county,  and  richly  repaying  for 
all  the  labor  bestowed  upon  its  improvement.  The  principal  streams 
that  run  into  Grand  River  on  the  west  side  in  Harrison  County  are 
Indian  Creek,  Brush  Creek,  Hickory  Creek,  Panther  Creek,  Trail 
Creek,  Cat  Creek.  Fox  Creek,  Sugar  Creek  and  Tombstone.  Nearly  all 
these  streams  flow  in  a  southeasterly  direction  into  Grand  River.  It 
is  estimated  that  Grand  River  and  its  tributaries  drain  about  one-third 
of  the  area  of  the  county.  Grand  River  is  a  slow  flowing  or  sluggish 
stream,  its  bottom  and  banks  being  mostly  clay,  black  loam  or  sandy. 
The  immediate  banks  of  the  river  are  generally  from  ten  to  twenty  feet 
high,  and  so  steep  as  to  render  the  crossing  difficult  without  improve- 
ment.    Dui-ing  low  water  the  river  can  be  forded  pt  many  places,  but  it 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  205 

is  often  too  full  to  be  easily  forded.  After  the  first  settling  of  the  county 
ferries  were  maintained  at  several  places  on  the  river,  but  these  have 
been  superseded  by  bridges. 

Big  Creek  rises  in  Iowa  about  twenty  or  thirty  miles  from  the 
Missouri  line,  and  enters  Harrison  County  on  the  north  line  some 
two  or  three  miles  west  of  the  center,  and  flows  through  the  county  in 
a  southerly  direction,  passing  all  the  way  through  the  county  in  and 
near  the  center  of  Range  28.  East  Big  Creek  also  starts  in  Iowa,  and 
flows  into  Harrison  County  a  few  miles  east  of  the  center,  and  runs  in 
a  southerly  direction  bearing  west,  forming  a  junction  with  West  or 
Main  Big  Creek,  three- fourths  of  a  mile  west  of  Bethany.  The  main 
tributaries  to  Big  Creek  are  Little  Creek,  Shain  Creek,  Polecat,  Crab 
Apple  and  Long  Tom.  It  is  estimated  that  Big  Creek  and  its  tribu- 
taries drain  about  one-half  of  the  area  of  the  county.  Big  Creek 
empties  into  West  Grand  River  near  Pattonsburg,  a  few  miles  south 
of  Harrison  County. 

About  one-sixth  of  the  west  part  of  the  county  is  drained  by 
small  streams  that  flow  in  a  south  or  westerly  direction,  and  empty 
into  West  Grand  River.  The  principal  of  these  streams  are  Lot's 
Creek,  Muddy  Creek,  Panther  Creek,  Sampson  and  White  Oak. 
Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  the  streams  of  the  county  all  run  in  a  south- 
erly direction,  or  the  surplus  water  is  drained  toward  the  south,  from 
which  it  is  easily  perceived  that  the  general  sui'face  of  the  country 
faces  toward  the  south,  the  better  to  receive  the  warm  rays  of  the  sun. 

Prairie.  — As  already  stated,  about  three-fourths  of  the  area  of  the 
county  was  originally  prairie,  the  timber  being  principally  located  along 
the  water  courses  and  in  the  valleys.  It  is  supposed  the  reason  that 
timber  was  mostly  confined  to  the  streams  or  low  lands  was  because 
the  fires  that  burned  over  the  prairies  were  checked  and  stopped  by 
them,  thereby  saving  the  young  timber  and  giving  it  a  chance  to 
grow.  It  is  stated  that,  sometimes,  the  tall  luxuriant  grass  would 
accumulate  two  or  three  years  upon  the  prairie  without  being  burned 
off,  then  in  some  dry  time,  perhaps  a  windy  day,  fire  would  break  out 
and  sweep  rapidly  over  the  country,  consuming  everything  in  its 
course,  only  being  stopped  by  some  stream  or  want  of  inflammable 
material.  In  the  course  of  time,  the  timber  being  saved  along  the 
streams  would  kill  out  or  prevent  the  growth  of  prairie  grass  under 
the  shaded  and  sheltered  ground,  and  thus  make  the  timber  the 
more  eecure  from  prairie  fires.  It  is  thus  the  early  settlers  account 
for  the  fact  that  the  upland  was  principally  prairie. 

In  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  between  Grand  River  and  Big 


206  HISTOKY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

Creek,  is  a  large  and  nearly  level  prairie.  It  is  high,  dry,  rich,  and 
very  productive.  This  beautiful  prairie  extends  from  the  south  part 
of  the  county  nearly  to  the  Iowa  line.  The  western  jaart  of  the 
county  is  more  broken  and  rolling,  and  the  soil  generally  is  not  so 
good,  but  there  is  some  beautiful  and  productive  prairie  in  the  west- 
ern part  of  the  county.  The  surface  soil  is  mostly  a  good  black  loam, 
from  one  to  five  feet  deep.  Upon  the  prairies  under  this  loam  is  gen- 
erally found  a  hard  pan,  several  feet  in  thickness,  nearly  impervious 
to  water.  It  prevents  the  soil  suffering  greatly  from  drouth.  The 
farmers  also  take  advantage  of  this  quality  of  the  soil  by  constructing 
pools  at  convenient  places,  thereby  constantly  keeping  ready  for  use 
bountiful  supplies  of  water  for  stock.  In  the  timber  land  the  loam 
is  usually  not  so  deep  as  on  the  prairies,  and  is  underlaid  by  yeUow 
clay  of  good  quality  for  making  brick  and  tiling. 

Stone,  Coal  and  Mineral  Water. — The  principal  stone  is  of  the 
limestone  variety.  Along  Big  Creek  and  Polecat  Creek  stone  of 
excellent  quality  for  building  purposes  is  found  in  great  abun- 
dance. Recently  a  fine  quality  of  stone  was  found  near  Bethany,  which 
is  capable 'of  receiving  a  beautiful  polish.  If  it  is  found  to  be  as 
extensive  as  is  usually  supposed,  it  will  add  quite  a  factor  to  the 
wealth  of  the  county.  The  jail  building  was  erected  in  1863  of 
stone  procured  from  a  quarry  on  Polecat  Creek,  about  two  miles 
southeast  of  Bethany.  There  stone  can  be  procured  in  almost  any 
desired  size  in  inexhaustible  quantities.  They  are  easily  dressed, 
and  stand  exposure.  The  jail  was  erected  of  stone  dressed  so  as  to 
weigh  from  one  to  two  tons.  They  have  been  in  the  building  twenty- 
five  years,  and  yet  show  no  signs  of  crumbling,  decay  or  discoloring 
from  the  changes  or  inclemencies  of  the  weather.  Sand  of  excellent 
quality  for  plastering  and  cement  is  found  in  abundance  in  numerous 
places  in  the  county.  Good  water  is  found  at  nearly  all  parts  of  the 
county  at  the  depth  of  from  ten  to  thirty  feet. 

The  soil  is  well  adapted  for  raising  corn,  oats,  rye.  wheat,  clover, 
timothy,  blue-grass,  potatoes,  turnips,  and  nearly  all  kinds  of  garden 
products.  From  the  first  settlement  of  the  county  corn  has  been  con- 
sidered the  main  crop.  When  the  corn  crop  is  good,  the  farmers  pros- 
per and  are  happy,  but  when  the  crop  is  light,  times  are  hard  and 
business  generally  dull.  On  the  best  farms,  with  favorable  seasons 
and  good  cultivation,  corn  frequently  yields  one  hundi'ed  bushels  to 
the  acre,  but  usually  about  fifty  bushels  per  acre  is  considered  an 
average  crop. 

Oats    and   rye  are    also    considered    sure   crops,   and  yield  from 


STATE    OF    MISSOCKI.  207 

twenty-five  to  forty  bushels  per  acre.  Wheat  is  not  so  sure  a  crop 
on  all  kinds  of  soil.  It  is  usually  considered  a  safer  crop  from  fall 
sowing  on  good  bottom  or  timber  land.  Under  favorable  circum- 
stances it  yields  fi-om  twenty  to  thirty  bushels  per  acre.  Timothy 
yields  from  one  to  two  tons  per  acre,  and  when  clover  is  mixed  with 
it,  the  yield  is  immense,  and  the  crop  sure.  Blue-grass  appears  to 
be  well  adapted  to  the  soil,  and  has  spread  over  almost  all  the  county. 

This  is  a  fine  county  for  stock  raising,  and  the  best  farmers  now 
urge  that  there  is  more  money  made  here  with  less  exertion  by  raising 
grass  and  cattle  than  any  other  way  of  farming.  It  is  readOy  per- 
ceived that  grass  is  easier  to  raise  and  take  care  of  than  corn  or  any 
other  kind  of  crop,  and  at  the  same  time  is  easier  upon  the  soil. 

The  geological  reports  represent  Harrison  County  as  being  in 
the  coal  belt.  Coal  crops  out  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Gray  near  Trail 
Creek,  and  several  hundred  bushels  of  coal  of  a  fair  quality  have  been 
dug  out;  the  vein  is  only  about  eight  inches  thick,  and  soon  runs  back 
so  deep  vinder  the  surface  as  to  render  its  mining  unprofitable.  Signs 
of  coal  have  also  been  discovered  in  other  parts  of  the  county.  Sev- 
eral individual  efforts  have  been  made  to  find  coal,  but  no  systematic 
effort  was  made  until  1885. 

In  the  spring  of  that  year  the  enterprising  citizens  of  Bethany 
and  vicinity  made  a  contract  with  the  Diamond  Drill  Company,  of 
Chicago,  to  bore  for  coal  in  the  vicinity  of  the  town.  The  Drill  Com- 
pany was  to  sink  a  hole  at  least  500  feet  deep,  unless  coal  in  satis- 
factory quantity  was  sooner  discovered.  The  hole  was  to  be  three 
inches  in  diameter  and  a  core  was  to  be  taken  out  and  preserved  one 
and  one-fourth  inches  in  diameter.  The  boring  was  done  in  the  bottom 
on  the  east  bank  of  Big  Creek,  about  one  mile  west  of  Bethany,  at  the 
place  where  the  present  mineral  spring  is.  The  following  is  the  record 
of  the  boring  kept  at  the  time: 

Thickness,       Depth, 
No.  Character.  eet.  feet. 

1  Earth  and  clay 45 

2  Hard  gray  limestone. 11  56 

3  Dark  slate 8  64 

4  Limestone 13  76 

5  Darkslate 5  81 

6  Gray  limestone 17  98 

7  Sand  shale 81  179 

8  Limestone 5  184 

9  Soapstone  4  188 

10  Sandshale 32  220 

11  Slateshale 18  238 

13    Black  slate 1  239 


208  HISTORY   OF   HAERISON   COUNTY. 

Thickness,       Depth, 
No.  Character.  feet.  feet. 

—13  Coal 9inches  240 

14  Gray  slate 14  254 

15  Limestone 3  257 

15  Gra}-  slale 4  261 

—16  Coal  ...  4  inches    .. 

17  Dark  gray  slate 15  276 

18  Limestone 5  281 

19  Slate 4  285 

20  Fireclay : 10  295 

31  Limestone ,16  311 

22  Slate 30  341 

— 23  Coal 1  inch 

24  Slate 29  370 

—25  Coal 15  inches  . . 

26  Slate 32  403 

27  Sandshale 11  414 

28  Slate 27  441 

29  Sandshale 9  450 

30  Black  slate 11  461 

31  Blue  clay 3  464 

32  Gray  slate 3  467 

33  Sandshale 3  470 

34  Slate  (mixed)  64  534 

35  Dark  sandstone 2  536 

36  Black  slate 16  552 

—37  Coal 7  inches  .. 

38  Clay    2  554 

39  Slate  (mixed) 20  574 

40  Sandshale  62  636 

41  Boulder 8  644 

43  Sandshale 10  654 

Fromtbis  it  -will  be  observed  that  in  going  to  the  depth  of  654  feet 
five  small  veius  of  coal  were  passed  through,  the  thickest  being  only 
fifteen  inches,  and  that  at  a  depth  of  370  feet.     It  was   thought  this  *  ' 

vein  was  too  light  and  at  too  great  a  depth  to  pay  for  opening  and 
working. 

It  will  be  seen,  too,  that  at  the  depth  reached  the  same  coal  confor- 
mation still  continued,  and  it  is  claimed  that  as  long  as  the  slate  and 
shale  continues  there  is  still  hope  of  finding  coal. 

Some  believe  that  coal  exists  here  in  sufficient  quantity  to  pay  for 
opening  and  developing  mines.  It  might  be  that  at  other  points  the 
veins  would  be  much  thicker. 

In  boring  for  coal  near  Bethany  as  above  stated,  at  the  depth  of 
about  200  feet  a  vein  of  water  was  struck  which  has  continued  to  flow 
ever  since.     Upon  examination  this  water  was  found  to  contain  some 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  209 

valuable  mineral  properties.  No  analysis  of  it  lias  yet  been  made 
by  a  competent  chemist,  but  those  who  have  been  using  it  for  diseases 
are  unanimous  in  their  verdict  that  it  is  a  mineral  water  of  very  excel- 
lent qualities.  A  gas  pipe  has  been  sunk  through  the  loam  and  clay 
about  forty-five  feet  to  the  point  where  rock  was  struck,  and  in  this 
manner  an  opening  has  been  preserved  to  secure  the  continual  flow  of 
the  water.  The  flow  of  water  has  continued  about  the  same  as  when 
first  discovered,  being  about  five  gallons  per  minute. 

EARLY  SETTLEMENT. 

In  writing  the  history  of  the  early  settlement  of  Harrison  County 
we  have  to  rely  very  much  upon  the  statements  made  to  us  by  the 
oldest  inhabitant  and  other  old  citizens.  There  was  no  newspaper 
published  in  the  county  until  the  year  1859.  Since  that  time  the  files 
of  the  papers  have  been  examined  so  as  to  get  correct  dates  and  full 
and  reliable  reports  of  the  matters  herein  written.  In  preparing  this 
article,  we  are  under  many  obligations  to  Elder  J.  S.  Allen  and  Col. 
D.  J.  Heaston,  each  of  whom  has  heretofore  written  valuable  articles 
upon  the  early  settlement  and  history  of  the  county  from  which,  with 
their  kind  consent,  we  have  drawn  very  largely. 

As  a  general  rule,  all  new  countries  are  settled  by  poor,  but  hardy 
pioneers;  men  who  desire  homes  for  themselves  and  families,  and  are 
too  poor  to  obtain  them  in  the  older  States,  strike  out  for  the  western 
border,  where  lands  are  wild  and  unoccupied,  determined  to  face  the 
dangers  and  inconveniences  of  the  new  country,  in  order  to  have  a 
little  farm  they  can  call  their  own.  The  early  settlers  of  Harrison 
County  were  of  this  class;  poor,  but  honest  yeomanry,  brave,  industri- 
ous and  generous.  A  new  country  is  generally  a  poor  place  for  a  lazy 
man,  a  dude,  or  a  thief. 

Prior  to  the  first  settlement  of  the  county  it  was  traversed  occa- 
sionally by  the  hunter,  the  trapper  and  the  bee  hunter.  They  had 
given  names  to  many  of  the  creeks  and  groves.  It  is  reported  that 
some  bee  hunters  camped  for  a  few  days  on  the  creek  a  few  miles 
southeast  of  Bethany,  and  from  the  number  of  skunks  they  found 
there  they  called  the  creek  Polecat,  by  which  significant  name  it  is 
known  even  unto  this  day.  Big  Creek  was  named  by  early  settlers 
near  where  it  empties  into  Grand  River.  Shain  Creek  was  named 
after  Thomas  Shain,  one  of  the  first  settlers  upon  its  banks. 

The  time  or  place  of  the  first  settlement  of  the  county  is  not  defi- 
nitely known.  Joseph  Arnold,  who  is  accredited  with  being  one  of 
the  first  settlers  of  the  county,  still  lives  a  few  miles  south  of  Bethany. 


210  HISTORY    OF    HARBISON   COUNTY. 

He  says  his  father  and  Levi  Hunt  settled  in  this  county  in  the  spring 
of  1838.  They  stopped  on  the  west  Isank  of  Big  Creek,  about  five 
miles  south  of  Bethany.  When  they  came  they  found  John  Fields 
living  on  the  east  bank  of  Big  Creek  a  little  lower  down;  he  had  a  lit- 
tle log  hut  and  a  small  field  enclosed  and  in  cultivation,  and  had  ap- 
parently settled  there  the  year  before.  William  Mitchell,  Jacob 
Mitchell  and  others  settled  on  Sugar  Creek  in  the  southeast  part  of 
the  county,  in  the  year  1838.  During  the  years  1838  and  1839  several 
families  settled  in  the  county  at  different  points,  and  the  neighborhoods 
were  generally  known  by  the  names  of  some  of  the  more  prominent  of 
the  first  settlers.  They  had  the  names  of  Dunkerson's  Grove,  Tay 
lor' s  Grove,  Harris'  Hill,  Foster' s  Farm,  Allen' s  Big  Spring  and  other 
similar  designations,  by  which  diflPerent  points  were  as  well  known 
then  as  they  are  now  by  the  different  towns  and  villages. 

Efforts  were  made  to  obtain  the  names  of  the  principal  actual  set- 
tlers prior  to  1850,  and  to  arrange  them  by  neighborhoods,  bvit 
it  was  found  to  be  almost  impossible,  and  accordingly  they  are  here 
given  alphabetically.  These  names  have  been  taken  froni  the  public 
records,  and  interviews  with  some  of  the  remaining  pioneers. 

John  S.  Allen,  Stephen  C.  Allen,  William  R.  Allen,  Able  W. 
Allen,  Josiah  Allen,  Thomas  Allen,  William  Allen,  Samuel  Alley, 
Sampson  Alley,  Benjamin  Ashby,  John  J.  Arnold,  Joseph  Arnold, 
Thomas  Arnold,  Benjamin  Archer,  William  C.  Atkinson,  C.  B. 
Adkins,  Calaway  Allen,  David  Buck,  Henderson  Buck,  Bethuel  Buck, 
John  W.  Brown,  James  Brown,  John  A.  Brown,  Asoph  Butler,  John 
Bedford,  Jacob  A.  Brown,  Thomas  Brown,  William  S.  Brown,  Will- 
iam E.  Burris,  Aaron  Bales,  John  Brooks,  James  Blakely,  Jonathan 
Booth,  Robert  Bullington,  Howell  Blaketer,  Benjamin  S.  Burns,  Noah 
Bender,  Jonathan  Bender,  William  H.  Bender,  Daniel  Bartlett, 
Joseph  Bartlett,  Wilburn  Blankenship,  Simjason  W.  Burgin,  Dennis 
Burgin,  Boon  Ballard,  S.  Burson,  Christopher  Blessing,  James 
Brady,  Isaac  Brady,  Alexander  C.  Brady,  E.  J.  Bondurant,  Isaac 
Brown,  B.  A.  Brown,  Aaron  Bridges,  Allen  Bridges,  James  Bridges, 
Adam  Brown,  E.  T.  Baldwin,  Ed  Baldwin,  William  Ballew,  Elisha 
W.  Banton,  E.  H.  Brady,  James  G.  Broughton,  James  B.  Bell,  Will- 
iam Barbee,  Austin  Bryant,  Stephen  Bryant,  John  Conduit,  William 
Chambers,  L.  W.  H.  Cox,  A.  M.  Cos,  Fleming  Oox,  John  W.  Casebolt, 
Harrison  Casebolt,  Dennis  Clancey,  Lewis  Charlton,  Arthur  Charlton, 
John  Charlton,  JohnY.  Creswell,  AVilliam  Clopton,  William  Cumming, 
Luther  T.  Collier,  Lott  Cain,  William  Crawford,  W.  W.  Collins, 
John   Cutshall,   Eli   Clevinger,  D.  C.  Courter,   Sara   Courter,  James 


STATE    OF    MISSODBI.  211 

Case,  "William  Canady,  John  Q.  Chambers,  Luther  Collins,  Thomas 
M.  Carnes,  Thomas  Dunkerson,  James  A.  Dale,  A.  E  Dale,  W.  E. 
Dodd,  Willis  Dickinson,  Philip  Davis,  John  Duley,  Pleasant  Daniel, 
John  Daniel,  Thomas  Daniel,  Alfi-ed  Daniel,  John  Dorney,  George 
Davis,  Willis  Daniel,  John  P.  Devers,  Willis  Dickinson,  Samuel 
Edmiston,  John  P.  Edmiston,  James  M.  Edmiston,  Edward  L.  Ellis, 
Samuel  Ellis,  Aaron  England,  John  D.  Enloe,  Anthony  Enloe,  Abram 
Endsley,  Hugh  Endsley,  John  H.  Elliott,  L.  H.  Elliott,  Samuel  P. 
Fleenor,  Simon  Fleenor,  Thomas  Flint,  John  Flint,  John  Fields, 
Dilwood  Fields,  Robert  Ford,  R.  Y.  Ford,  John  J.  Ford,  Samuel 
Ford,  Henry  Fuller,  James  Fuller,  S.  L.  Fox,  Elijah  Fleming, 
Thomas  Foster,  John  Foster,  Levi  Fields,  Jesse  Fowler,  Matthew 
Franklin,  Joel  J.  Fair,  Asa  Fleming,  Richard  Ford,  Charles  Fitch, 
Sam  Fitch,  William  T.  Foster,  George  Foster,  George  Fallis,  John 
Faning,  William  B.  Gillespie,  Joseph  Gillespie,  John  Gillespie, 
Jacob  Gutshall,  David  Garton,  Ananias  Garton,  Russell  Guy,  Benja- 
min Grubb,  Thomas  M.  Geer,  Noah  Grant,  Elkanah  Glover,  John 
Gibson,  O.  P.  Green,  Philip  Harris,  Joel  Harris,  David  Harris,  Isaac 
Hammers,  William  Hamblin,  Thomas  Hutchens,  A.  B.  Harden, 
Edward  Hunt,  Joseph  Hunt,  Elijah  Hubbard,  E.  L.  Hubbard,  E.  S. 
Hughes,  John  J.  Hatton,  Marshall  K.  Howell,  William  W.  Harper, 
Thomas  Hart,  Henry  C.  Hamilton,  J.  D.  Hardin,  Henry  Herriugton, 
Charles  Hauck,  Lewis  Hunt,  John  Hudson,  John  W.  Hobbs,  E.  H. 
Hobbs,  John  Hyde,  Edward  Higgins,  William  Hunter,  Henry  Hunter, 
Porter  Hardin,  John  M.  Haynes,  Thomas  J.  Higgins,  Nelson  Hock- 
ridge,  William  Hamaker,  Robert  Hall,  William  Hall,  William  Hen- 
dricks, John  Honan,  W.  B.  Harper,  J.  J.  Hogan,  J.  B.  Hyde,  Alex. 
Hinkley,  Benjamin  Han'is,  Granville  Hogan,  Joseph  W.  Harper, 
Enoch  Holland,  Shepard  Hulse,  Alfred  Hickman,  Charles  L,  Jen- 
nings, E,  M,  Jennings,  Martin  Jennings,  Samuel  O.  Jennings, 
Miles  Jennings,  Ichabod  Jincks,  Lee  P.  Jones,  John  Jones, 
Joseph  Jones,  Joseph  C.  Johnson,  Charles  Killyan,  John  P. 
King,  William  King,  Simon  P.  King,  Jesse  Kelley,  William 
Long,  Iven  Low,  Joshua  Low,  Alvin  P.  Low,  Isaac  N,  Ladd, 
Thomas  Ladd,  William  Lauderback,  William  G.  Lewis,  Joshua 
Looman,  John  Long,  C.  A,  Long,  John  Ligget,  Leonard  Ladd,  Jacob 
B.  Ladd,  William  Liles,  William  Mitchell,  Jacob  Mitchell,  John 
Mitchell,  Daniel  Mitchell,  James  M.  Mitchell,  Reuben  Macey,  Eli  Mc- 
Daniel,  F.  H.  McKinney,  Patrick  McGill,  Elisha  Meeker,  James 
Mallett,  F,  B.  Miller,  Cornelius  Miirphy,  Daniel  Morgan,  William 
Munns,    John    McGinley,     Charles    Miller,    S.    C.    Miller,     Thomas 


212  HISTOKY    OF    HAEKISON    COUNTY. 

Monson,  Hugh  T.  Monson,  Adam  Miller,  Abram  Myers,  John  Mc- 
Graw,  Dr.  J.  G.  Miller,  ^^'illiam  Martin,  John  Merifield,  RoUa 
Merifield,  Nathaniel  Martin,  Arch  Montgomery,  Kader  Madden.  Allen 
S.  Meek,  Jacob  H.  McLey,  James  Moas,  John  R.  Maize,  David  Macey, 
G.  M.  Mendenhall,  John  G.  Music,  George  W.  Noah.  Harrison  Noble, 
S.  M.  Nelson,  James  Nash,  William  Nally,  Samuel  F.  Neal,  Henry  O. 
Nevill,  James  M.  Nevill,  Hardin  Oatman,  Clem  Oatman,  JohuOatman, 
John  Oram,   William  Oxford,    Jonathan  Oxford,    Jacob    B.    Oxford, 

Drury  Obion,    Samuel   Prewitt,    John  Prewitt,   Robert    Peery,     

Peery,  Logan  H.  Peery,  John  Poynter,  Thomas  Poynter,  William 
Pilcher,  James  Powell,  Anthony  Plymel,  Peter  Price,  Joseph  Price, 
James  Price,  William  L.  Price,  Veazey  Price,  Christopher  Platz.  Peter 
Pettit,  J.  A.  Piburn,  J.  M.  Piburn,  William  Robinson,  James 
K.  Rees,  James  Ramey,  Benjamin  S.  Ramey,  William  Rice, 
Shedrick  Robertson,  Solomon  Richardson,  Hugh  Ross,  Samuel 
Ross,  Jacob  Ross,  John  B.  Roberts,  Henry  Rice,  James  Rhodes, 
Perry  Reed,  John  Ramey,  Ephraim  Stewart,  Wright  Stephens, 
William  M.  Selby,  Vincent  Smith,  John  W.  Stevenson,  John  R.  Scott, 
Oeorge  Smith,  Jonathan  H.  Smith,  A.  J.  Smith,  Ed.  Smith,  James 
Stone,  Amos  Spurgin,  Eli  Salmon,  Thomas  Shain,  Noah  Snell,  Jacob 
Stumbaugh,  Rod  Stark,  Charles  M.  Scott,  Benjamin  Salmon,  R.  H. 
Salmon.  John  Sanders,  Daniel  Shumate,  G.  W.  Selby,  Samuel  Spires, 
William  Smith,  Sylvester  Smith,  Allen  Scott,  William  Simpson,  James 
N.  Stafford,  L.  Dow  Thompson,  Thomas  Tucker.  Daniel  Tucker, 
Beverly  Travis,  David  Travis,  William  A.  Travis,  Hiram  Tinney,  John 
Taylor,  Thomas  Taylor,  Chris  Taylor,  James  Taylor,  Thomas 
Thompson,  Thomas  Terry,  Daniel  M.  Thomas,  Elkanah  Timmons, 
Reuben  D.  TUley,  Sanford  M.  Tilley,  John  Tull,  Ben  Tull,  Jeptha 
TiiU,  Birdine  Taylor,  J.  F.  Thompson,  Allen  Turner,  Silas  Turner, 
John  W.  Virdin,  Jesse  Vail,  Daniel  Vanderpool,  Isaac  Vanhoozier, 
H.  Vanhoozier,  Valentine  Vanhoozier,  William  M.  Virdin,  George 
Williams,  Alfred  Williams,  John  Williams,  Andrew  Williams,  David 
AVilliams,  John  B.  Williams,  Richard  Watson,  Noah  Whitt,  Sharp 
Winningham,  Elijah  Wilcot,  John  Wilcot,  Hiram  K.  Weddle,  Calvin_ 
Williams,  Adam  H.  Wilson,  B.  T.  Wbedbee.  Solomon  Wilkinson.  W. 
B.  Weldou,  Zachariah  Weldon,  Jonathan  Weldon,  Mark  P.  Wills, 
Daniel  Walker,  Richard  Walker,  Joel  H.  Worthington.  Jeremiah 
Young,  Harvey  Young,  R.  R.  Young,  F.  B.  Young,  William  Young. 
Of  course  it  is  not  claimed  that  the  foregoing  is  a  full  or  com- 
plete list  of  all  the  early  settlers,  but  it  is  believed  to  be  a  larger  and 
more  complete  list  than  has  ever  before  been  published.      In    writing 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  213 

a  history  of  the  county  for  the  ' '  Atlas' '  prepared  by  Edwards  Bros. , 
in  1876,  CoL  Heastonmade  a  list  of  early  settlers  embracing  about  one- 
half  the  names  above  given,  to  which  we  have  added  quite  a  large 
number.  We  are  informed  that  hardly  one-fourth  of  those  whose 
names  are  above  given  are  now  residents  of  the  county.  A  few  of 
them  have  moved  farther  west  to  find  cheaper  land  and  scenes  more 
congenial  to  their  nature,  but  a  large  majority  of  them  have  gone  to 
their  last  resting  place. 

The  settlement  of  this  portion  of  Missouri  was  made  along  the 
Missouri  River,  and  extended  thence  northward.  In  1820  Eay  County 
was  organized,  and  embraced  all  that  part  of  the  State  west  of  Grand 
River  and  north  of  the  Missouri  River.  The  west  line  of  the  State 
was  then  on  what  is  now  the  west  line  of  Gentry  County.  From  this 
magnificent  expanse  of  territory,  twelve  counties  have  since  been 
organized,  so  that  Eay  County  may  well  be  called  the  ' '  Mother  of 
Counties."  On  the  29th  of  December,  1836,  Ray  County  and  Cald- 
well County  were  organized  with  their  present  boundaries,  and  Daviess 
County  was  erected  to  occupy  the  territory  north  to  the  State  line. 
Harrison  County  was  not  organized  until  1845,  having  up  to  that  time 
been  included  in  Daviess  County. 

In  1840  Asoph  M.  Butler  settled  near  where  he  now  resides  west 
of  Big  Creek,  and  near  the  south  line  of  the  county.  He  came  from 
Vermont.  About  the  same  time  John  R.  Maize  settled  near  him.  In 
the  same  year  Thomas  Taylor  settled  near  the  head  of  Polecat  Creek, 
near  where  his  son,  Birdine  Taylor,  now  resides.  In  early  times  it  was 
a  current  remark  that  ' '  Uncle  Tommy  Taylor' '  was  the  smartest  man 
on  Polecat,  having  shown  his  wisdom  by  settling  so  far  up  toward 
the  head  of  the  "critter."  He  evidently  showed  wisdom  in  the  site 
of  his  location,  for  no  better  or  more  beautiful  land  is  anywhere  to 
be  found. 

John  Foster  settled  near  Antioch  Church,  four  miles  southeast  of 
Bethany,  in  1840.  He  is  still  living  there,  is  very  old,  but  yet  able 
to  work  some.  He  was  a  very  stout  man,  and  it  is  said  was  always 
ready  to  fight  for  amusement,  for  trial  of  strength,  or  to  defend  the 
right. 

Thomas  Flint  settled  near  him  the  same  year.  He  was  a  minis- 
ter in  the  Christian  Church,  and  continued  to  preach  many  years. 
He  was  an  intelligent  man,  and  did  much  good  in  properly  directing 
the  morals  of  the  early  settlers.  He  was  appointed  circuit  clerk  upon 
the  first  organization  of  the  county,  and  died  in  office  the  next  year. 
David  and  William  A.  Travis  also  came  here  in  1840.     They  settled  a 


214  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

few  miles  northeast  of  Bethany.  It  is  reported  that  David  Travis 
was  one  of  the  best  hunters  of  the  early  settlers,  and  in  addition  to 
other  game  occasionally  killed  an  elk.  In  1841  John  W.  Brown, 
Thomas  Tucker,  C.  L.  Jennings,  E.  M.  Jennings,  William  K.  Allen, 
and  others,  settled  near  where  Bethany  is.  At  that  time  there  were 
no  white  settlers  north  of  them,  except  a  few  at  Fort  Des  Moines, 
where  there  was  an  Indian  town  and  a  fort.  John  W.  Brown  was 
one  of  the  best  known  as  well  as  one  of  the  best  citizens  that  ever 
lived  in  the  county.  Before  the  organization  of  the  county  he  was 
elected  justice  of  the  peace,  or  "squire,"  as  he  was  familiarly  called, 
and  decided  the  cases  for  what  little  lawing  there  was,  and  the  man 
who  was  not  satisfied  with  his  decision  was  set  down  as  a  contentious 
citizen.  After  the  organization  of  the  county  he  was  both  circuit  and 
county  clerk  for  twenty  years. 

The  first  settlements  were  made  along  the  streams  and  in  the  edge 
of  the  timber.  There  were  several  reasons  for  this:  Thereby  the  settlers 
were  nearer  wood  and  water;  it  saved  them  digging  wells;  they  were 
nearer  the  bee  trees,  for  hunting  bee  trees  for  honey  and  beeswax  was  a 
principal  industry,  and  the  prairie  sod  was  too  tough  to  break  with- 
out a  team  of  four  or  five  yoke  of  cattle,  and  it  was  so  much  easier 
there  to  erect  their  cabins.  When  a  settler  selected  his  location  he 
cut  down  a  number  of  trees,  cut  ofiF  logs  the  proper  length,  and  then 
invited  his  neighbors  to  come  and  help  raise  his  house.  The  neighbors 
were  all  those  who  lived  within  a  radius  of  ten  or  twelve  miles.  When 
an  invitation  was  given  to  a  house  raising,  all  other  business  was 
dropped,  and  all  hands  turned  out  to  assist  in  the  work.  Not  to  do 
so  was  an  act  of  incivility  unknown  in  the  first  settlement  of  the  new 
country.  Four  men  were  selected  to  ' '  carry  up  ' '  the  four  corners 
of  the  house.  These  were  considered  the  honored  men  of  the  occasion, 
and  he  was  the  best  man  that  could  ' '  carry  up ' '  the  nicest  corner. 
The  top  of  each  log  was  scored  off  to  receive  the  next  one,  and  the 
next  log  had  a  notch  cut  in  it  called  the  ' '  rider  "  or  "  saddle  "  to  fit 
upon  the  one  beneath  it,  and  the  ends  were  then  cut  off  smooth.  The 
owner,  or  his  hired  help,  would  cut  out  places  for  doors,  windows  and 
fireplace.  Trees  were  cut  down  and  split  into  puncheons,  out  of 
which  the  floors  and  doors  were  made,  and  short  boards,  called 
"clapboards,"  were  split  for  the  roof.  Logs  were  laid  at  proper 
distance  to  receive  these  boards,  and  other  logs  were  laid  upon  them 
to  hold  them  to  their  places.  The  fireplace  and  chimney  were  made 
of  suitable  timbers,  but  plastered  with  mud  to  prevent  their  burning. 
Thus  the  entire  house  would  be  erected  and  made  ready  for  occupancy 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  215 

without  any  iron  about  it.  The  windows  were  usually  left  open  for 
air  holes  in  the  summer,  and  were  covered  with  cloths  or  greased  paper 
in  cold  weather.  It  is  said  Judge  A.  M.  Butler  was  the  first  settler  in 
the  county  to  use  window  sjlass  in  his  house,  and  for  this  he  was  re- 
garded by  his  neighbors  as  putting  on  entirely  too  much  style  for  these 
new  settlements. 

As  soon  as  the  cabin  was  completed  the  settler  moved  in,  and 
then  all  hands  went  to  work  to  open  out  a  little  farm,  the  women 
helping  in  this  necessary  work  as  well  as  in  their  household  duties. 
The  women  were  worth  something  in  those  days  upon  the  frontier. 
Mothers  then  taught  their  daughters  to  play  upon  the  spinning 
wheel  and  loom  instead  of  the  organ  and  piano.  The  music  was  more 
profitable  if  not  so  melodiotis.  The  men  wore  flax  shirts  and  home- 
made woolen  pants,  and  the  women  wore  linsey-woolsey  dresses;  all 
the  work  upon  manufacturing  the  material  and  making  of  which  was 
done  with  their  own  hands.  Occasionally  some  of  the  more  wealthy 
ladies  would  have  a  calico  dress,  and  then  she  was   ' '  fixed  up. ' ' 

A  man  could  have  all  the  land  he  wanted,  that  is  he  could  claim 
all  that  he  desired,  and  the  settlers  usually  regarded  each  other's 
rights,  and  would  not  settle  when  or  where  there  were  any  objections 
by  the  prior  settlers.  The  immigrants  generally  brought  some  stock 
with  them,  such  as  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  and  a  few  hogs.  They  also 
brought  some  bread  stuff  and  a  scant  amoimt  of  household  goods, 
especially  in  the  furniture  line.  The  tii-st  settlers  had  to  go  down  to 
Grand  River,  near  Trenton  or  Gallatin,  to  get  their  corn  ground  into 
meal,  or  else  they  had  to  grit  it  at  home.  A  gritter  was  made  by 
taking  part  of  an  old  coffee  pot  or  piece  of  tin  and  punching  it  full  of 
holes,  bowing  it  up  in  the  middle,  and  nailing  the  edges  to  a  board 
with  the  rough  side  up.  The  corn  in  the  ear  was  put  into  a  kettle 
and  boiled,  then  taken  out,  and  when  cold  enough  to  handle  was  rubbed 
on  the  gritter  to  make  it  fine.  It  was  then  sifted  through  a  com- 
mon sieve.  Meal  thus  prepared  made  excellent  mush  or  healthy 
johnnycakes.  It  was  much  better  than  nothing.  In  order  to  live  in 
the  new  country  the  principal  concern  was  to  provide  bread.  There 
was  plenty  of  wild  game  for  meat,  and  the  hollow  trees  were  ■  often 
filled  with  honey.  The  early  pioneers  say  they  were  healthy,  and  felt 
happy  as  kings  whenever  they  had  plenty  of  corn  dodger,  honey  and 
venison. 

In  1840  Philip  Hari-is  settled  west  of  Big  Creek,  a  couple  of  miles 
southwest  of  Bethany,  and,  seeing  the  necessity  of  a  gristmill,  sjon 
set  to  work  erecting  a  mill  on  Big  Greek.      The  next  year  he  got  his 


216  HISTORY    OF    HARBISON    COUNTY. 

mill  in  operation,  and  that  stopped  the  gritting  process  in  that 
vicinity.  It  is  stated  that  the  winter  of  1812-43  was  the  coldest,  most 
severe,  and  protracted  ever  known  by  the  whites  in  this  county. 

That  fall  Harris'  mill  froze  up  early,  and  remained  in  that  condi- 
tion until  the  last  of  March.  The  snow  was  very  deep,  and,  as  might 
be  expected  with  the  few  settlers,  the  roads  were  not  good  and  not 
broken  through  the  snow,  and  the  gritters  again  were  heard  in  the 
land.  Some  called  the  gritter  Armstrong's  mill,  others  termed  the 
process  "  planing  meal."  But  call  it  what  you  may,  the  hungiy  peo- 
ple, in  the  emergency,  knew  it  was  business.  When  winter  finally 
broke  Philip  Harris  started  vip  again,  and  as  he  was  never  accused  of 
taking  too  much  toll,  he  was  largely  patronized.  His  extreme  honesty 
is  supposed  to  have  kept  him  poorer  than  millers  usually  are.  About 
1844  Isaac  Hammers  settled  at  Taylor  Grove.  He  erected  a  horse 
gristmill,  so  when  the  water  got  too  low  or  froze  up  Harris'  mill,  the 
' '  hoss' '  mill  could  do  the  grinding,  and  this  effectually  put  a  stop  to 
the  gritting  process.  Each  man  going  to  this  mill  was  expected  to 
furnish  the  team  to  run  the  mill  while  his  grist  was  being  ground. 
Parson  Allen  says :  ' '  Did  you  ever,  in  cold  weather,  go  twenty  miles 
to  a  horse  mill,  and  swing  around  the  circle  until  you  ground  out  a 
two-horse  load  of  corn?  If  so,  you  have  some  idea  of  the  circular 
work.  To  spin  around  that  circle  for  four  long,  weary  hours,  of  a 
cold,  dark,  dreary  night,  punching  up  the  team,  is  no  laughing  matter. 
One  might  despair  in  this  cheerless  work  were  it  not  for  the  hope  of 
hearing  the  cheering  words,  'Your  grist  is  out,'  which  the  miller 
finally  calls  out  through  a  chink  in  the  logs.  These  words  would  bring 
renewed  courage,  and  send  a  thrill  of  joy  to  the  weary  twister. ' ' 

About  the  year  1840  John  Gibson  settled  in  the  southeast  part  of 
the  county,  on  Sugar  Creek.  Experiencing  the  trouble  in  gritting 
his  meal,  and  going  a  long  way  to  mill,  he  rigged  up  an  ingenious 
handmill  for  grinding  corn,  and  made  very  good  meal.  The  neigh- 
bors patronized  it  so  well  that  he  attached  horse  power  to  it,  and  it 
was  run  in  that  manner  for  several  years. 

Edward  Hunt  and  Joseph  Hunt  built  a  dam  across  Big  Creek, 
near  the  south  line  of  the  coimty,  about  the  year  1843,  and  put  up  a 
small  corn  mill,  which  did  a  good  business  for  a  number  of  years,  and 
was  a  great  convenience  in  that  part  of  the  county.  Joseph  Hunt  was 
a  blacksmith,  and  put  up  his  shop  at  the  same  place  about  1841.  He 
did  the  horseshoeing,  mending  plows,  wagons  and  other  farm  imple- 
ments for  many  years,  and  was  a  very  useful  citizen. 

James  Watson  came  from  Indiana  about  the  year  1841,  and  erected 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  217 

a  mill  on  Big  Creek,  in  Daviess  Connty,  a  few  miles  south  of  Harrison 
County.  This  mill  was  largely  patronized,  and  did  a  good  business 
for  many  years. 

At  an  early  day  Noah  Snell  built  a  mill  on  Big  Creek,  where  the 
town  of  Brooklyn  now  stands.  This  was  perhaps  the  best  mill  ever 
built  on  the  stream,  and  for  nearly  thirty  years  did  a  good  business 
grinding  wheat  and  corn. 

Dr.  E.  B.  Bush  built  a  mill  on  Big  Creek,  a  few  miles  above  Snell's 
mill,  which  ground  corn  and  sawed  lumber.  It  was  kept  up  by  the 
Doctor  for  about  twenty- five  years.  Big  Creek  was  a  rapid  stream, 
and  not  well  suited  for  mill  purposes.  The  water  fi-equently  got  too 
low  for  mill  purposes,  and  in  times  of  great  rains  or  overflows,  from 
the  extent  of  territory  it  di'ained,  would  become  very  high  and  swift, 
so  it  was  difficult  to  erect  dams  that  could  stand. the  floods,  and  the 
proprietors  found  it  too  great  expense  and  trouble  to  keep  the  dams 
in  repair,  and  all  the  mills  erected  upon  the  creek  have  finally  been 
abandoned.  The  Hunt  and  "Watson  mills  were  washecl  out  and  aban- 
doned long  before  the  war,  and  the  others  were  finally  all  given  up 
about  1880. 

Arthur  Charlton  erected  a  mill  on  Big  Creek,  a  few  miles  north 
of  Bethany,  at  an  early  day.  At  this  mill  they  ground  corn  and  sawed 
lumber.  It  was  continued  as  a  saw  mill  by  Mr.  Gates  and  Barnes  un- 
til a  few  years  ago. 

Peter  Cain  was  an  early  settler  in  Mercer  County,  a  few  miles  east 
of  Cainsville,  which  is  named  after  him;  at  an  early  day  he  built  a 
mill  on  Grand  River,  which  he  kept  up  and  made  a  good  grist  and 
saw  mill.  It  proved  to  be  an  excellent  investment  and  a  good  location 
for  a  mill.  It  has  always  done  a  good  business,  and  is  one  of  the  few 
water-mills  that  has  been  continued  until  the  present. 

C.  L.  &  E.  M.  Jennings  started  the  first  steam  mill  at  Bethany 
about  1851.  They  used  it  to  grind  corn  and  saw  lumber.  They  con- 
tinued to  run  their  steam  mill  at  odd  times,  adding  new  parts  and 
patching  old  ones  for  about  fifteen  years,  when  they  sold  out  to  Henry 
S.  Laney,  who  added  wheat  buhrs  and  carding  and  spinning 
machinery  until  the  present  magnificent  roller-mill  and  spinning 
factory  is  the  outcome  and  legal  successor  of  that  humble  beginning. 

Incidents  of  Early  Days.  — At  the  time  of  the  first  settling  of  the 
county  game  was  plentiful,  such  as  deer,  turkeys,  prairie  chickens 
and  a  few  elk.  There  were  also  a  great  many  wolves,  coons,  squir- 
rels and  a  few  panthers.  Wild  plums,  grapes,  cherries,  blackberries, 
strawberries  and  gooseberries  were  found  in  the  timber  in  great  abund- 


218  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

ance.  Hickory  nuts,  walnuts  and  acorns  were  plentiful,  and  there 
was  no  end  to  the  hazelnuts.  Hazelnut  patches  skirted  and  dotted 
nearly  every  prairie,  so  there  was  plenty  of  mast  nearly  every  fall  to 
fatten  all  the  hogs  the  settlers  wanted.  The  first  settlers  found  a 
species  of  wild  hogs  running  in  the  woods,  though  their  meat  was  not 
very  good,  and  the  hides  upon  old  male  hogs  about  the  neck  and 
shoulders  was  sometimes  an  inch  thick,  and  very  tough. 

Bees  were  found  in  nearly  every  hollow  tree,  with  large  amounts 
of  honey,  and  the  amount  of  beeswax  that  could  be  made  was  about 
measured  by  the  wants  and  industry  of  the  settlers.  As  stock  was 
low,  and  the  settlers  at  first  had  none  to  spare,  and  their  tillable  land 
limited,  the  principal  source  of  income  was  from  the  honey,  beeswax, 
furs  and  venison  taken  to  market.  For  a  few  years  after  the  first 
settling  of  the  county  the  principal  market  place  was  at  Liberty,  in 
Clay  County.  The  settlers  operated  together  upon  triie  gi-ange  prin- 
ciples. They  usually  met  at  some  convenient  place,  each  bringing  his 
surpliis  honey,  beeswax,  pelts  and  other  '  'productions, ' '  when  they 
would  load  a  wagon  and  ' '  splice ' '  team,  and  send  one  of  their  num- 
ber to  Liberty,  about  eighty  miles,  to  trade  or  sell  their  "produce," 
and  get  cofPee,  tea,  salt,  calico,  domestic,  ammunition  and  such  other 
absolute  necessaries  as  they  could  not  raise  or  make  themselves.  Upon 
the  return  of  the  teamster  they  would  meet  again,  and  make  proper 
partition  of  their  goods  and  the  remaining  money,  if  any  was  left. 

It  is  said  that  if  any  young  lady  was  so  fortunate  as  to  get  a  new 
calico  di-ess  she  was  as  happy  as  a  queen  just  receiving  her  crown. 
Beeswax  cakes  were  generally  called  "  the  yellow  boys,"  and  were 
used  as  ciu-rency  among  the  settlers,  generally  passing  at  about 
25  cents  per  pound.  While  the  early  settlers  were  generally 
industrious  and  honest,  there  were  even  then  some  among  their  num- 
ber that  in  their  greed  for  gain  would  take  an  undue  advantage,  and 
even  their  yellow  cakes  were  sometimes  counterfeited  with  improper 
alloy.  At  one  time  when  the  teamster  arrived  at  the  trading  post  a 
cake  of  beeswax  was  found  with  a  corner  broken  off  exposing  an  inside 
filling  of  tallow.  The  counterfeit  was  returned  to  the  dishonest 
owner,  and  so  indignant  were  the  honest  settlers  at  his  conduct  and 
its  tendency  to  bring  their  settlement  into  disrepute,  that  no  teamster 
would  afterward  convey  his  produce  to  market,  and  the  small  stream 
upon  which  he  lived  was  called  "the  tallow  fork  of  beeswax,"  which 
name  it  retains  even  unto  this  day.  Coon  skins  also  passed  current 
at  50  cents  each,  and  mink  skins  at  25  cents.  The  State 
then  allowed  50  cents  for  wolf  scalps  and  the  small  taxes  were 
mostly  paid  with  that  currency. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  219 

As  soon  as  a  settlement  became  strong  enough  a  log  schoolliouse 
wonld  be  erected,  and  the  children  sent  to  school,  for  the  settlers  be- 
lieved in  education,  and  generally  expressed  themselves  as  knowing 
how  inconvenient  it  was  to  do  without  it.  They  also  expected  that  some 
day  this  would  be  a  desirable  country  and  well  settled  up,  and  those 
who  were  here  first,  having  the  choice  of  the  land,  would  then  be  the 
best  fixed  and  leading  citizens,  and  their  children  ought  to  be  educat- 
ed so  as  to  maintain  their  position  and  dignity;  besides  they  had  all 
' '  come  from  somewhere ' '  although  they  now  lived  in  a  new  and  wild 
country.  No  burdensome  school  tax  was  levied  upon  the  people,  and 
each  paid  his  own  school  bill  direct  to  the  teacher,  and  no  portion  of 
it  was  lost  in  useless  circumlocution  or  stolen  by  dishonest  officers. 

Although  in  a  new  country  the  settlers  did  not  lose  their  religion 
or  neglect  their  social  or  moral  training.  In  the  year  1841  the  denom- 
ination known  at  present  as  the  Bethany  Christian  Church  was  organ- 
ized on  Big  Creek  by  Elder  John  S.  Allen  and  Ephraim  Stewart. 
After  that  Parson  Allen  continued  to  preach  to  the  chmxh  nearly 
every  Sunday  for  forty  years.  He  never  charged  anything  for  his 
services  but  was  always  a  liberal  contributor  to  the  good  cause.  To 
him  more  than  any  other  person  are  the  people  of  Bethany  indebted 
for  the  upbuilding  of  the  chiu'ch  here,  and  for  good  moral  and  relig- 
ious teaching.  He  has  been  spared  to  see  the  church  he  nurtured  so 
well  in  its  infancy  continue  to  increase  for  over  forty  years  and  to 
have  a  church  building  costing  $8,000,  the  best  church  edifice  in  this 
portion  of  the  State. 

There  were  no  postoffices  or  post  roads  in  the  county  at  that  time, 
and  what  few  letters  were  written  by  the  settlers  had  to  be  sent  to 
Cravensville,  a  small  postoffice  in  Daviess  County,  five  or  six  miles 
north  of  Gallatin;  this  place  had  been  built  and  occupied  by  the  Mor- 
mons, but  after  they  left  the  village  went  to  decay  and  the  postoffice 
was  discontinued. 

The  first  postoffice  in  the  county  was  established  at  Bethany  in 
1845;  for  several  years  it  went  by  the  name  of  Bethpage,  and  David 
Buck  was  appointed  postmaster.  The  mail  was  caiTied  on  horseback 
to  and  from  Cravensville  once  each  week.  The  settlers  took  but  few 
papers  and,  therefore,  as  might  be  expected,  were  not  well  posted 
upon  all  that  was  going  on  in  the  busy  world  of  trade,  but  they  knew 
how  to  trail  the  deer  or  find  the  rich  bee  tree,  and  they  often  visited 
each  other  and  told  of  their  successes  and  disappointments,  and  rejoiced 
together  over  their  prosperity  or  sympathized  with  each  other  in  their 
troubles.      Hypocrisy  and  deceit  were  almost  unknown  among  them. 


220  HISTOKY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

and  honesty  and  hospitality  distinguished  them.  Although  what 
they  had  in  basket  or  store  was  scant,  there  was  scarcely  a  time  but 
that  each  would  readily  have  shared  his  scant  provisions  with  a 
neighbor.  Their  cabins  were  rude  and  diminutive,  but  their  latch 
strings,   like  their  generous  hearts,   hung  on  the  outside. 

Indian  Trading. — The  early  settlers  were  sometimes  in  quite  a 
strait  for  ammunition,  which  was  a  serious  matter,  as  they  depended  in 
a  great  measure  upon  wild  meat  for  the  first  few   years. 

This  want  was  often  partially  supplied  by  the  Indians  who  generally 
had  powder  and  lead  furnished  them  in  abundance  by  the  Government. 

The  Indians  were  then  numerous  in  the  southwestern  portion  of 
Iowa,  and  when  their  hunting  excursions  would  come  near  the  white 
settlements  the  whites  would  trade  with  them  to  secure  ammunition. 
The  Indians  soon  learned  that  when  the  whites  needed  ammunition 
they  would  give  good  trades  to  get  it;  in  this  they  exhibited  their 
natural  shrewdness,  and  in  the  game  of  '  'swap' '  often  outwitted  their 
pale  faced  brothers. 

An  incident  that  occuiTed  in  the  fall  of  1841  will  serve  to  illustrate 
this : 

A  settler  needing  ammunition  gathered  a  lot  of  turnips,  and  took 
them  to  the  Indian  camp  to  trade,  but  being  unable  to  speak  in  the 
Indian  dialect  the  Indians  held  him  at  a  disadvantage  pretending  not 
to  understand  him.  Toward  evening  a  lad  about  ten  or  twelve  years 
old  offered  to  trade  some  powder  for  tm-nips;  they  effected  a  trade, 
the  man  delivering  over  the  turnips,  and  followed  the  lad  into  his  wig- 
wam to  get  the  powder.  It  was  then  dark,  but  the  wigwam  was 
lighted  up  slightly  by  a  stick  fire;  the  lad  got  the  allotted  amount  in  a 
rag,  and  the  settler  wanted  to  take  it  to  the  light  to  examine  it,  but  the  lad 
motioned  frantically  for  him  not  to  take  it  toward  the  fire,  at  the  same 
time  saying  "tshutshu"  "  tshu  tshu"  as  much  as  to  say  it  will 
explode.  The  man  took  the  alleged  powder  to  his  wagon,  but  fearing  the 
lad  was  tricking  him  concluded  to  test  the  powder ;  he  tasted  it,  and  tried 
to  explode  a  little  of  it,  when  he  found  it  was  no  good.  He  returned 
with  it  to  the  wigwam,  but  neither  the  lad  nor  the  turnips  could  be 
found.  It  appeared  that  the  lad  had  gathered  iip  some  charcoal, 
pounded  it  up  fine,  and  traded  it  to  the  unsuspecting  settler  for  pure 
Government  powder.  He  wandered  around  complaining  greatly  at 
the  manner  he  had  been  swindled,  but  he  could  not  find  a  member  of 
the  Lo  family  who  could  understand  him  sufficiently  to  sympathize 
with  him  in  the  loss  of  his  turnips  and  powder. 

The  Indians  would  generally  trade  almost  anything  they  had  for 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  221 

skittipo  (whisky).  They  would  gather  great  quantities  of  wild  meat, 
which  they  would  dry,  and  pack  away  for  transportation  to  their 
towns.  They  were  also  quite  skillful  at  tanning  deer  skins,  out  of 
which  they  made  many  usefiil  articles  or  beautiful  trinkets.  They 
preferred  to  trade  these  to  the  settlers,  but  soon  found  that  there 
was  not  much  demand  for  them.  They  would  exchange  theii'  dried 
venison  or  anything  else  for  skutipo,  and  then  the  men  would  get 
drunk,  and  when  they  were  drunk  it  was  safer  to  be  away  from  them, 
though  they  were  quiet  when  sober,  and  never  disturbed  the  whites 
or  their  property,  but  sometimes  would  infringe  too  much  upon  the 
hunting  grounds  of  the  whites.  It  was  against  the  law  to  trade,  sell 
or  give  whisky  to  the  Indians,  yet  the  law  was  in  that  regard  oftener 
violated  than  it  was  vindicated. 

Occasionally  a  thief  would  pass  through  and  take  a  horse,  and 
then  the  whole  settlement  would  be  aroused.  Fortunately  such  losses 
did  not  occur  often,  and  there  is  no  record  of  a  horse  thief  being- 
caught  by  the  early  settlers  of  this  county.  It  was  a  rule  of  the  very 
highest  authority  that  no  settler  should  knowingly  harbor  a  horse- 
thief.  There  was  one  man  shown  to  have  violated  this  excellent  rule, 
and  he  was  made  to  suffer  the  penalty,  which  was  ' '  linting. ' '  Of 
course  lynching  is  not  to  be  encouraged  in  well-regulated  communi- 
ties, but  among  the  early  settlers  it  appeared  to  be  the  dernier  resort. 
It  was  too  far  away  to  take  offenders  to  coiirt,  and  would  occupy  too 
much  time  and  incur  too  great  expense.  The  settlers  found  ' '  lint- 
ing ' '  so  much  easier,  speedy  and  economical,  and  in  this  case  it 
worked  so  admirably  in  making  a  good  citizen  of  the  victim  that  it 
was  in  very  high  favor. 

There  was  very  little  sickness  among  the  early  settlers.  This  may 
have  been  greatly  owing  to  the  fact  that  it  was  only  the  stout  and 
hearty  young  people  who  had  the  hardihood  to  venture  out  upon  the 
wild  and  unsiibdued  frontier,  or  it  may  have  been  that  the  open-air 
life  and  rustic  cabins  were  coudu^cive  to  health.  Hunting  and  chasing 
wolves  in  the  winter  time  was  a  delightful  pastime.  About  the  year 
184:4  Dr.  Hardin  Oatman  settled  in  the  new  country.  He  did  not 
come,  however,  so  much  to  practice  his  profession  as  to  open  out  a 
farm.  In  cases  of  severe  sickness  he  was  usually  called,  but  his 
calls  for  several  years  were  very  rare,  although  he  was  a  good  physi- 
cian and  a  clever  gentleman,  and  his  bills  or  charges  were  light. 

About  the  year  1843  St.  Joseph  was  first  laid  off,  and  began  to 
attract  attention  as  a  trading  point.  Up  to  that  time  the  place  had 
been  merely  an  Indian  trading  post,  conducted  by  Joseph   Robidoux, 


222  HI8T0EY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTI. 

and  was  known  as  the  Blacksnake  Hills.  It  soon  became  a  business 
place,  and,  as  it  was  about  twenty-five  miles  nearer  than  Liberty,  the 
settlers  early  commenced  making  paths  and  roads  in  that  direction. 
The  Grand  River  currency  passed  as  readily  and  at  as  good  rates 
there  as  at  Liberty,  hence  the  honey- wax  and  pelt  trade  soon  turned 
almost  exclusively  to  St.  Joseph.  No  more  attempts  at  counterfeit- 
ing were  brought  to  light,  and  the  merchants  of  that  place  soon  placed 
great  confidence  in  the  Grand  Eiver  squatters.  An  incident  illustrat- 
ing that  this  confidence  was  not  misplaced  is  related  of  a  certain 
Grand  River  settler.  He  was  at  St.  Joseph  doing  some  trading  at 
the  store  of  Bob.  Donnell — the  present  New  York  banker — and  the 
goods  he  happened  to  want  being  more  than  his  '  'produce' '  would 
pay  for,  he  agreed  to  bring  more  honey  and  wax  by  a  given  day. 
The  settler  felt  proud  and  elated  that  the  merchant  would  take  his 
word  for  the  delivery  of  the  honey,  but  Donnell  was  a  pretty  good 
judge  of  human  nature,  and  thought  the  settler  had  an  honest  face 
and  would  do  to  trust  for  a  barrel  of  honey.  The  squatter  hastened 
home,  told  his  wife  of  his  good  fortune,  felt  like  a  man  of  conse- 
quence, and  vowed  that  he  would  make  his  promise  good.  He  ac- 
cordingly struck  out  to  hunt  the  bee  trees  and  find  his  honey.  He 
hunted  all  day  and  continued  his  search  by  moonlight,  searching  hol- 
low trees  and  listening  for  the  buzzing  of  bees.  In  a  few  days  he 
had  secured  his  baiTel  of  honey,  and  returned  home  to  prepare  for 
his  journey  to  St.  Joseph.  Upon  counting  up  his  time  he  found  that 
he  only  had  three  days,  and  his  time  would  be  out  on  Sunday.  So  he 
hastened  up,  but  failed  to  get  into  St.  Joseph  on  Saturday.  He  hesi- 
tated about  moving  forward  on  the  holy  day,  but  thought  that  would 
not  be  so  bad  as  to  fail  to  keep  his  promise,  so  he  entered  the  city  on 
Sunday  and  inquired  for  Bob.  Donnell,  and  was  informed  that  he  waS 
at  church.  He  hastened  to  the  church,  and,  arriving  just  as  the  min- 
ister had  commenced  his  sermon,  he  addressed  him  rather  abruptly 
with  "Halloo,  stranger!  will  you  just  hold  on  a  minute?  I  want  to 
inquire  if  Bob.  Donnell  is  in  the  house."  Bob.  saw  him,  and  walked 
out,  when  the  squatter  in  a  loud  voice  told  him:  "Well,  Bob.,  I 
have  brought  you  that  barrel  of  honey."  At  this  every  one  in  the 
house  laughed,  but  the  honest  settler  felt  a  proud  consciousness  of 
having  made  good  his  financial  obligation  that  no  mirth  could  remove. 
Since  that  time  the  reputation  of  the  Grand  River  settlers  for  prompt- 
ness and  the  punctual  performance  of  promises  has  been  very  good. 

In  18-1:3  an  order  was  received  from  the  Governor  to  organize  the 
militia  in  these  settlements.     The  settlers  prior  to  that  time  had  not 


STATE    OF    MISSOUBI.  223 

felt  any  particular  aeed  of  a  military  organization,  but  they  did  not 
know  what  emergency  might  arise,  and  they  thought  the  Governor 
might  know  more  aliout  matters  than  they  did,  and  they  were  growing 
in  importance,  when  they  attracted  sufficient  notice  to  be  taxed  and 
formed  into  a  military  department.  There  were  a  great  many  Indians 
in  the  southwest  part  of  Iowa,  and  though  they  were  friendly  and  peace- 
able, the  settlers  did  not  know  what  might  occiu'  to  change  this  pleasant 
state  of  affairs,  therefore  they  talked  over  the  matter,  and  concluded  to 
meet  together  and  organize  the  militia.  The  women  were  particularly 
well  pleased  at  the  idea  that  the  militia  would  be  organized,  and  their 
protection  fully  secured. 

Of  course  the  important  consideration  was  in  reference  to  the  prop- 
er persons  for  the  officers  of  their  little  army.  It  was  agreed  that 
they  would  need  a  colonel  and  major,  and  they  set  about  the  selection 
of  these  officers.  It  was  the  general  opinion  that  the  officers  must  be 
men  of  judgment  and  courage,  and  especially  the  colonel  must  be  a 
man  of  stamina.  At  last  it  was  determined  that  C.  L.  Jennings  was 
the  proper  man  for  colonel.  He  had  come  to  the  county  in  1841,  and 
reared  his  huge  cabin  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  Jacob  King,  some 
four  miles  northeast  of  Bethany.  He  had  shown  himself  to  be  a  good 
commander  of  an  oxteam,  and  was  good  looking,  and  the  tallest  man  in 
the  settlement,  and  the  squatters,  being  Bible  readers,  knew  how  Saul 
was  selected  for  king  because  ' '  he  was  higher  than  any  of  the  people 
from  the  shoulders  up. "  S.  C.  Allen  was  elected  major.  He  was  not 
so  tall  as  the  colonel,  but  that  was  not  considered  so  important  a  mat- 
ter for  the  lower  officers.  We  have  been  unable  to  learn  of  any  roll  or 
roster  of  the  men  eni'olled  or  enlisted  into  the  militia.  It  is  stated 
that  there  were  two  companies,  but  it  is  not  known  how  many  men 
were  in  each  company  as  they  were  divided  according  to  the  conven- 
ience of  the  settlers. 

Tlie  Killyan  War. — Shortly  after  the  militia  were  organized  they 
were  called  into  service  by  the  Colonel,  under  the  following  circum- 
stances: A  settler  on  the  edge  of  the  prairie,  a  few  miles  south  of  where 
Eagleville  now  is,  by  the  name  of  Charles  Killyan,  took  a  couple  of  bush- 
els of  corn  to  Phil.  Harris' mill  on  Big  Creek  west  of  Bethany.  While  he 
was  there  a  heavy  rain  fell,  raising  the  creek  so  that  it  could  not  be 
crossed;  there  were  no  bridges  or  fences  on  Big  Creek  at  that  time.  The 
mill  was  on  the  west  side  of  the  creek,  and  as  it  appeared  the  creek 
would  continue  too  deep  to  ford  for  two  or  three  days,  Killyan  concluded 
to  go  up  the  creek  on  the  west  side  until  he  could  cross  it.  Accordingly 
he  started  north  to  head  the  creek  and  go  home.     As  he  did  not  return 


224  HISTORY    OF    HAKEISON    COUNTY. 

home  for  a  week,  and  had  always  been  a  good  industrious  citizen  of  no 
bad  habits,  his  family  and  the  neighbors  became  alarmed  at  his  pro- 
tracted absence;  neighbors  were  sent  to  the  mill  to  see  if  any  tidings 
could  be  gained  of  him.  It  was  learned  he  had  been  to  the  mill,  ob- 
tained his  grinding  and  started  for  home  in  due  time,  but  nothing  fur- 
to  o  '  o 

ther  was  known  or  could  be  learned  of  him.  The  settlers  became 
aroused;  the  matter  was  discussed.  It  was  considered  that  he  had 
started  for  home  in  a  northwest  direction  toward  the  Indian  settle- 
ments in  Southwest  Iowa,  and  no  doubt  was  entertained  but  that  he 
had  been  captured  by  the  Indians.  Was  he  killed  and  scalped,  or 
was  he  held  as  a  captive  and  hostage  ?  These  were  questions  that  ex- 
cited various  comments.  If  Killyan  was  captured  by  the  Indians,  it 
was  the  duty  of  the  settlers  to  punish  the  Indians  or  there  would  be 
no  safety  for  any  other  settler  that  might  be  out  alone,  and  it  was 
considered  a  matter  of  prudence  as  well  as  sound  statesmanship  to 
show  the  Indians  the  strength  and  coui'age  of  the  settlement.  The 
idea  of  war  upon  the  fi'ontier  with  the  wild  and  merciless  savages  ex- 
cited the  liveliest  apprehensions.  They  had  often  read  of  Indian  war- 
fare, and  had  early  been  taught  that  their  mode  of  warfare  was  the  in- 
discriminate murder  of  men,  women  and  childi-en,  and  that  the  Indians 
were  cunning,  and  liable  to  dash  down  upon  them  without  any  notice 
or  sign  of  thek  coming.  All  such  thoughts  had  a  tendency  to  inten- 
sify the  situation.  Upon  consultation  it  was  decided  proper  to  call 
out  the  militia  and  follow  after  the  trail  of  Killyan.  It  is  true  the 
Indians  had  always  been  peaceable  and  friendly,  and  had  never  ap- 
peared to  show  any  desire  to  make  trouble  with  the  white  settlers  but 
once,  and  that  was  after  the  Indians  had  lost  some  ponies,  and  thought 
the  whites  had  taken  them  or  harbored  those  who  did,  but  ujjon  in- 
vestigation the  Indians  were  convinced  that  the  squatters  in  this  county 
were  not  to  lilame,  and  thereupon  friendly  relations  had  been  more 
finnly  established  than  before.  There  was  no  telling  but  what  -some 
thief  or  thieves  had  again  stolen  some  of  their  ponies,  and  the  Indians 
might  have  concluded  to  take  their  revenge  upon  Killyan.  Some  of 
the  more  timid  could  almost  see  poor  Killyan  tied  to  a  tree  or  stake, 
with  a  jsile  of  wood  aroiind  him  ready  to  have  the  torch  applied. 
Everybody  was  excited,  especially  the  women  and  children.  Killyan' s 
poor  wife  became  almost  distracted;  she  would  cry  anl  say  "my  poor 
husband  has  been  captiu-ed  by  the  Indians,  Oh,  I  will  never  get  to  see 
him  again."  Under  these  circumstances  the  colonel  of  the  militia 
issued  his  orders  to  have  the  settlement  placed  on  a  war  footing,  and 
all  the  militia  were  ordered  to  meet  at  the  house  of  the  colonel  the 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  225 

next  morning  by  sunrise  to  start  upon  an  armed  expedition  in  search 
for  the  missing  squatter  or  to  discover  his  murderers.  Such  a  bustle, 
excitement  and  huny  had  never  before  been  known  in  the  Territory. 
Riders  were  sent  in  all  directions  to  notify  the  militia  to  turn  out  on 
the  morrow  with  ten  days'  provisions.  The  women  in  their  patriotism 
forgot  theii'  fright  for  the  time  being,  and  flew  to  caoking  rations  for 
the  campaign,  the  men  brightened  up  theii-  guns  and  ' '  run  ' '  bullets, 
and  2")repared  their  ammunition,  and  such  a  general  rubbing  and  clean- 
ing up  of  old  guns  was  not  common.  The  militia  had  been  organized 
under  orders  but  had  drawn  no  arms,  ammunition  or  rations.  On  such 
an  expedition  it  was  necessary  to  go  as  cavalry,  and  each  soldier  must 
be  siipplied  with  a  horse.  They  were  all  good  hunters  and  experi- 
enced marksman,  having  brought  down  many  a  deer,  and  felt  safe 
when  at  the  breech  of  their  gims. 

The  next  morning,  early,  the  militiamen  might  have  been  seen 
riding  to  the  residence  of  the  Colonel  until  the  regiment  numbered 
nearly  forty  faithful  troopers.  All  things  being  ready,  the  gallant 
Colonel  brought  out  his  war-horse  and  gave  the  order  to  mount,  and 
they  soon  dashed  o£F  double  file  for  the  fray.  They  stopped  to  feed 
and  water  at  noon  at  Big  Creek,  and  shortly  after  starting  again  they 
struck  a  trail  showing  that  numerdus  ponies  had  recently  traveled  to 
the  north.  After  traveling  some  distance  they  came  to  a  place  where 
the  Indians  had  evidently  camped,  and  they  found  meal  scattered  upon 
the  ground  and  tracks  that  indicated  one  large  horse  among  the  ponies, 
all  of  which  they  interpreted  to  mean  that  the  Indians  had  the  horse 
and  meal,  but  where,  oh  where  was  Killyan  ?  Perhaps  a  poor  captive 
and  far  removed  from  family  and  friends,  or,  perhaps  worse,  left  as 
food  for  wolves.  Here  a  few  of  the  army  wanted  to  go  back,  claim- 
ing that  further  search  was  useless,  and  that  they  had  only  enlisted 
for  one  day,  and  their  families  were  not  well,  and  their  stock  required 
their  attention,  and  other  similar  trivial  excuses.  The  colonel  said  it 
was  no  time  then  to  desert  the  post  of  duty  in  the  hour  of  danger, 
and  when  the  country  demanded  every  man  to  do  his  duty,  but  if  any 
of  his  command  would  publicly  acknowledge  that  he"  was  a  coward 
and  would  surrender  his  gun  and  ammunition,  he  woald  be  dishonora- 
bly mustered  out  of  the  service  and  could  return  home.  No  one 
would  do  that,  and  the  morale  of  the  forces  was  fully  restored,  and 
they  boldly  pushed  forward  into  the  enemy's  country.  About  3 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  when  they  gained  the  summit  of  a  ridge,  and 
looked  far  to  the  north,  they  saw  men  on  horseback.  ' '  Indians, 
boys,"    said  a  gallant  trooper,   as  he  gazed  through  his  spy-glass. 


226  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

"Indians,  by  thunder,"  said  the  Colonel,  as  he  gazed  through  the 
spy-glass,  "  and  coming  this  way,  but  only  a  small  squad."  Was  it 
the  advance  guard  or  a  decoy  to  deceive  the  militia?  But  our  Colonel 
was  not  to  be  decoyed.  He  ordered  his  men  forward  to  suitable 
grounds,  where  they  dismounted  and  formed  line  of  battle,  and  awaited 
the  approach  of  the  enemy. 

"  Now,  by  thunder,  let  every  man  stand  his  ground,  and  all  stick 
together,"  said  the  Colonel.  With  bated  breath  they  awaited  the 
approach  of  the  enemy.  They  were  in  an  open  prairie,  and  could  not 
be  ambushed,  and  did  not  much  fear  an  attack  at  that  place,  but  it 
was  a  good  point  for  observation.  Presently  two  Indians  and  a  white 
man  emerged  from  the  binashy  hollow  before  them.  "  That  is  Kill- 
yan,"  said  the  man  with  the  spy-glass.  As  they  came  nearer  the 
men  saw  that  it  was  Killyan,  and  he  was  received  with  joy.  He  then 
explained  that  he  had  started  up  the  west  side  of  Big  Creek  to  head 
the  stream;  that  he  had  done  so,  but  the  weather  being  bad  and 
cloudy,  he  had  lost  his  course  and  gone  too  far  east,  and  gone  down 
on  the  east  side  of  Grand  River,  which  he  could  not  cross  on  account 
of  the  high  stage  of  the  water,  and  had  to  go  back  north  again. 
Falling  in  with  some  friendly  Indians  that  were  going  to  Fort  Des 
Moines,  two  of  them  were  sent  to  assist  him  in  finding  his  way 
home,  as  they  understood  the  country  better  than  Killyan. 

The  Indians  received  the  thanks  of  the  big  warrior,  and  grateful 
acknowledgments  of  Killyan,  and  departed  to  seek  then-  tribe,  and 
Killyan  was  returned  to  his  family,  who  were  almost  overwhelmed 
with  joy.  The  war  was  declared  over,  the  victory  won,  the  lost 
restored,  and  the  valiant  militia  dismissed  by  the  Colonel  wi^  praises 
for  their  bravery  in  turning  out  in  defense  of  their  imperiled  country. 
The  peacefial  and  happy  termination  of  this  campaign  gave  renewed 
confidence  to  the  settlers  that  they  need  not  fear  any  troiible  from  the 
Indians  north  of  them,  and  it  is  worthy  of  remark  that  there  never 
was  any  hostile  troubles  or  scarcely  any  ill  feeling  between  them. 

This  in  a  great  degree  was  owing  to  the  good  will  kept  \vp  and  fos- 
tered at  all  times  by  the  early  settlers.  The  first  settlers  of  this 
county  were  an  exceptionally  good  class  of  citizens,  as  all  who  knew 
them  willingly  bear  witness.  No  county  was  ever  settled  by  a  better 
class  of  men  than  John  S.  Allen,  William  R.  Allen,  A.  W.  Allen,  A. 
M.  Butler,  David  Back,  Daniel  Bartlett,  C.  L.  Jennings,  T.  M.  Geer, 
Lewis  Charlton,  Henry  Fuller,  Samuel  Edmiston,  John  W.  Brown, 
Thomas  Flint,  Thomas  Tucker,  T.  M.  Dunkerson,  Elisha  Meeker,  M. 
K.  Howell,  Philip  Harris,  James  A.  Dale.  Ephraim  Stewart,  William 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  227 

A.  Travis,  David  Travis,  James  A.  Dale  and  those  who  settled  with 
them  near  Bethany.  Even  William  Penn  and  his  early  colony  were  no 
better. 

The  Mormon  War.  — As  Ihere  was  only  one  other  occasion  when  the 
militia  were  called  into  active  service,  we  will  give  it  in  this  con- 
nection, although  it  happened  several  years  later. 

In  the  year  1846  occurred  what  is  known  by  the  early  settlers  as 
the  "Mormon  War."  After  the  Mormon  settlement  at  Nauvoo,  111., 
was  broken  up,  and  Joseph  Smith,  their  leader  and  false  prophet,  was 
killed,  Brigham  Young  seized  the  reins  as  the  successor  of  Joseph 
Smith,  and,  with  the  greater  portion  of  the  adherents  of  the  strange 
doctrine,  started  out  west  to  seek  a  country  beyond  civilization — some 
lone  and  pleasant  dell,  some  valley  ia  the  West — where,  free  from 
toil  and  pain,  the  weary  Mormons  might  rest  and  practice  their  abom- 
inations without  molestation  by  civil  aiithorities  who  are  a  terror  to 
evil-doers.  The  Mormons  traveled  westward  through  the  southern 
portion  of  Iowa.  This  portion  of  that  State  was  not  settled  at  that 
time,  and,  as  the  Mormons  swarmed  along  the  border,  many  of  them 
stopped  in  what  is  now  Decatur  County,  Iowa,  and  commenced  im- 
proving land  at  a  place  they  called  Mount  Pisgah,  and  also  at  Garden 
Grove. 

All  sorts  of  rumors  were  in  circulation  in  reference  to  the  inten- 
tions and  designs  of  the  Moi-mons.  Many  thought  they  intended  to 
return  to  Missouri,  and  buy  up  their  old  possessions,  and  those  they 
could  not  buy  out  they  would  some  way  force  out,  and  this  would  lead 
to  disturbances,  and  perhaps  break  up  the  settlements,  and  bring  gi-eat 
trouble  t^the  settlers.  It  was  thought  they  were  waiting  upon  the 
borders  for  other  Mormons  to  arrive,  and  as  soon  as  they  received 
sufficient  force  they  would  make  a  raid  on  Missouri.  These  reports 
greatly  excited  the  settlers,  as  they  were  weak  in  population,  and  would 
be  the  first  to  be  overrun  by  the  Mormons  from  the  north,  as  there 
were  only  a  few  settlers  north  of  Bethany. 

The  militia  had  been  drilled  but  little,  and  had  no  experience  in 
the  field  save  during  the  "  Killyan  War,"  but  still  they  had  their 
gallant  Colonel  to  look  to  and  lead  them  on  to  victory.  In  consequence 
of  the  alleged  preparations  of  the  Mormons,  and  reported  threats,  the 
settlers  thought  it  best  to  carry  the  war  into  the  enemy's  country, 
and  to  attack  them  while  they  were  yet  unprepared.  Accordingly  war 
was  determined  upon,  and  the  gallant  Colonel  called  his  regiment  to- 
gether, and  they  struck  north  on  the  line  of  march,  with  banners  flying 
and  guns  shining  in  the  blazing  sun,  determined  to  give  the  muchly 


228  HISTORY    OF    HARBISON    COUNTY. 

man-ied  people  oae  trial  at  least.  The  Colonel  never  felt  prouder  than 
he  did  on  that  day,  as  he  reviewed  his  regiment  of  about  fifty  valiant 
warriors,  each  of  whom  could  knock  out  a  squirrel's  eye  at  100  yards 
and  not  miss,  and  who  had  never  been  defeated.  After  a  two-days' 
march,  the  Colonel  and  his  army  came  upon  the  Mormon  settlement, 
when  the  Colonel  demanded  the  whereabouts  of  Brigham  Young.  The 
Mormons  appeared  to  be  very  much  excited,  and  were  not  at  all 
prepared  for  war,  only  bent  upon  peaceful  pursuits,  and  waiting  for 
other  stragglers  to  join  them.  In  the  surprise  and  alarm  of  seeing 
an  armed  force  in  their  front,  some  concluded  that  it  was  the  Illinois 
troops  intercepting  their  westward  journey.  The  women  retreated  to 
their  tents,  the  children  huddled  together  in  herds,  and  the  men 
stood  around  in  groups,  as  if  expecting  to  be  taken  prisoners.  The 
Colonel  ordered  his  men  to  remain  in  line,  and  on  no  account  to  break 
ranks.  Presently  the  Mormons  ran  up  a  white  flag.  As  Brigham 
Young  did  not  appear  for  some  time,  the  Colonel  sent  a  guard  for 
him,  and  in  a  few  minutes  Brigham  came  out,  bowing  and  scraping 
as  politely  as  a  French  dancing-master,  and  asked,  "What  is  want- 
ing, sir?  What  do  you  want  with  me?"  The  Colonel  rose  up  in 
his  stirrups  to  his  full  stature  and  said,  "We  want  to  know  what 
in  thunder  you  are  doing  here  ? ' '  Brigham  said,  very  meekly,  they 
were  simply  traveling  peaceably  toward  the  West.  The  Colonel 
spake  out  very  boldly,  and  said  unto  him,  "Our  people  in  Missouri, 
including  my  regiment,  became  uneasy  at  your  appearance  and  ma- 
neuvers here,  and  supposed  you  were  intending  to  move  on  Missouri, 
and  have  come  to  see  about  it." 

Brigham  smiled,  and  said,  very  obsequiously, ' '  You  need  give  your- 
selves no  uneasiness  gentlemen,  we  have  been  driven  fi-om  our  homes 
in  Illinois  by  the  wicked  Gentiles,  and  some  of  our  people  are  so  poor 
they  had  to  stop  and  raise  something  to  live  on,  and  will  then  move 
ahead." 

The  Colonel  thereupon  entered  into  a  treaty  of  peace  with  Brigham 
that  he  was  not  to  enter  Missouri  except  for  trade  and  commercial 
purposes. 

The  war  having  met  with  this  favorable  conclusion,  the  gallant 
Colonel  with  his  conquering  army  retiu'ned  home  without  the  loss  of  a 
man.  They  reported  the  "  Mount  Pisgah  Treaty' '  to  the  inhabitants  of 
Bethany,  and  all  seemed  satisfied  with  the  result  of  the  expedition. 
After  that  the  settlers  enjoyed  a  lucrative  trade  with  the  Mormon  trav- 
elers. These  were  the  only  wars  in  which  the  militia  of  the  Territory 
engaged.     They  served  at  their  own  expense  without  the  hope  of  fee  or 


STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  229 

reward.  It  is  stated  that  they  never  received  any  bounty  or  back  pay, 
land  warrant  or  pensions.  The  gallant  Colonel  resided  in  this  county 
many  years  respected  as  a  veteran  by  all  the  early  settlers,  and  in  1887 
was  a  dairyman  at  St.  Joseph,  commanding  a  milk  peddling  wagon. 
When  the  dependent  pension  bill  becomes  a  law,  he  should,  by  all 
means,  be  included  in  its  patriotic  terms. 

Land  Opened  for  Entry.  — When  the  squatters  first  came  to  this 
county  each  one  could  get  as  much  land  as  he  wanted,  that  is  could 
claim  what  he  wanted  for  farm  or  pastui'e  or  timber,  for  the  land  was 
then  not  surveyed  or  laid  off  into  sections  or  townships. 

About  1842  the  land  in  Township  62,  that  is  five  miles  on  the 
south  part  of  the  county,  was  laid  off  into  sections,  and  opened  for  entry, 
and  in  1845  the  land  in  Townships  63,  64  and  65,  that  is  eighteen  miles 
more  north,  was  surveyed  and  sectionized,  and  in  1846  was  opened 
for  entry  at  the  United  States  land  office,  then  at  Plattsburg,  Mo. 
The  surveyors  first  laid  off  the  townships  six  miles  square,  and  these 
were  afterward  subdivided  into  sections.  Each  section  was  intended 
to  be  one  mile  square,  and  to  contain  640  acres,  but  as  the  original 
townships  were  not  always  accurately  surveyed,  they  were  found 
sometimes  to  be  more  and  sometimes  to  be  less  than  that  size.  The  sur- 
veyors laying  off  the  sections  would  commence  at  the  southeast  corner 
of  the  township,  and  survey  north  and  west,  so  the  south  and  east 
sections  were  made  one  mile  square,  and  the  last  tier  of  sections  on 
the  north  and  west  was  often  either  more  or  less  than  the  proper 
size,  and  the  north  part  of  the  last  sections  adjoining  the  township 
line  on  the  north  side  of  the  township,  and  the  half  of  the  sections 
adjoining  the  range  line  of  the  west  side  of  the  township  sustained 
the  loss  or  gain,  the  inside  eighty  acres  was  usually  full,  and  was  called 
Lot  1,  and  the  outside  eighty,  or  the  tract  next  the  line,  was  called 
Lot  2;  so  Lots  2  are  often  more  than  eighty-acre  lots,  and  often 
fall  below  that  size. 

The  Government  sirrveyors  only  ran  the  section  lines  and  marked 
the  sections  corners  and  the  half-mile  points  on  their  lines.  In  the 
timber  or  where  they  cou.ld  get  stakes  conveniently,  they  would  make 
a  stake  about  four  inches  square  and  four  feet  long,  and  di-ive  two  feet 
into  the  ground.  Upon  the  sides  of  the  stake  were  marked  the  number 
of  the  section  it  was  made  to  face,  and  the  township  and  range. 
This  was  for  the  convenience  of  the  people  who  desired  to  enter  the 
land.  Sometimes  iipon  the  large  prairies  the  surveyors  would  run 
out  of  stakes  and  then  they  would  pour  down  about  a  quart  of  char- 
coal to  mark  the  exact  corner,  and  cover  it  up  with   earth,    making  a 


230  AsTORY    OF    HARRISON   COUNTY. 

small  hillock.  It  was  a  violation  of  the  law  for  any  person  to  move 
these  stakes  or  hills.  Of  course  the  section  lines  did  not  always  suit 
the  squatters,  as  sometimes  they  would  have  their  houses  in  one  section 
and  their  barns  in  another,  and  very  frequently  their  cultivated  land 
would  be  divided  by  the  lines;  sometimes  a  squatter  would  find  his 
small  field  partly  in  four  sections.  As  the  surveyors  did  not  iim  the 
inside  lines  of  the  sections,  it  gave  occasion  for  the  squatters  to  exer- 
cise their  skill  in  sighting  through,  setting  stakes  and  running  the 
other  lines.  The  first  lands  entered  north  of  Township  62  were 
entered  by  John  S.  Allen,  David  Buck  and  James  A.  Dale  on  the 
22d  of  December,  1846.  At  the  same  time  John  S.  Allen,  as  county 
seat  commissioner,  entered  160  acres  for  the  county  for  county  seat 
purposes,  to  wit:  The  west  half  of  the  southeast  quarter  and  the  east 
half  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  10,  Township  63,  Eange  28, 
west  of  the  fifth  principal  meridian.  Thus  the  land  upon  which  the 
county  seat  was  located  was  not  entered,  nor  pui'chased  fi'om  the  Gov- 
ernment, until  some  time  after  the  county  seat  was  located,  and  part  of 
it  laid  oflf  into  lots,  and  some  of  the  lots  sold,  and  a  few  houses  erected 
on  them. 

Before  the  organization  of  Harrison  County,  the  territory  of  which 
it  is  composed  was  attached  to  Daviess  County  for  general  purposes, 
and  at  the  election  in  1844  some  of  the  candidates  for  county  ofiices  in 
Daviess  County  visited  the  settlements  of  the  squatters  to  secure  their 
votes.  The  principal  thing  the  squatters  desired  to  know  was  whether 
the  candidates  were  ' '  Jackson  men ' '  or  not.  It  is  stated  that  out  of 
about  100  voters  then  in  the  territory,  all  of  them  except  three  were 
' '  Jackson  men.  ' ' 

In  February,  1845,  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  to  organize  the 
county,  and  it  was  named  Harrison,  after  Albert  G.  Harrison,  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress  from  this  State,  then  recently  deceased.  The  State 
line  between  Missouri  and  Iowa  had  not  then  been  definitely  settled, 
but  a  strip  of  about  twenty-four  miles  north  of  Township  65  was  in 
dispute,  and  the  people  expected  to  have  another  coimty  north  of  Har- 
rison twenty- four  miles  square.  When  the  State  line  was  finally  lo- 
cated, however,  it  was  only  about  seven  miles  north  of  the  line  of 
Harrison  County,  and  that  was  then  attached  to  and  became  a  part  of 
HaiTison  County.  When  the  county  was  first  organized,  it  was 
only  twenty-thi-ee  miles  across  north  and  south  and  twenty-four  miles 
east  and  west.  Shortly  after  the  organization  Edward  Smith,  of  De- 
Kalb  County,  and  John  Gibson  and  Ebenezer  Wood,  of  Gentry  County, 
were   appointed  commissioners  to  select   a  site  for  the  county  seat. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  231 

After  spending  some  time  viewing  the  county  they  selected  the  place 
■where  Bethany  now  is  for  the  county  seat.  At  the  May  term,  1845,  of 
the  county  court,  these  commissioners  were  allowed  for  nine  days'  serv- 
ices each  $2  per  day,  amounting  to  $18  each,  and  these  were 
the  first  warrants  issued  by  the  county  court.  At  this  term  of  the 
county  court,  John  S.  Allen  was  appointed  county  seat  commissioner 
to  have  the  brush  cleared  off  and  some  lots  laid  off  around  the  court- 
house square.  Mi\  Allen  engaged  Mr.  John  Plaster,  county  surveyor 
of  Gently  County,  to  lay  off  the  town,  and  he  laid  off  fifteen  blocks, 
being  five  blocks  east  and  west,  and  three  blocks  north  and  south,  the 
courthouse  square  being  in  the  center.  The  blocks  were  each  twelve 
rods  square;  the  streets  running  north  and  south  were  made  four  rods 
wide,  and  the  streets  running  east  and  west  were  made  three  rods 
wide.  This  plat  of  the  first  survey  of  Dallas  (Bethany)  was  reported 
to  the  county  court  at  the  June  term,  1815,  and  the  same  was  by  tie 
court  approved  and  adopted,  and  the  county  seat  commissioner  was 
directed  to  sell  lots.  At  the  same  term  John  S.  Allen,  as  county  seat 
commissioner,  presented  an  account  for  $30. 37  J  for  expenses  of  having 
the  brush  cleared  off  the  ground  for  the  survey  of  the  lots.  The  town 
was  first  called  "Dallas, ' '  but  the  settlers  did  not  like  that  name,  and 
at  the  November  term  of  the  coui't,  1845,  the  county  oflScers  took  a 
vote  upon  a  new  name,  and  the  name  was  accordingly  changed  to 
Bethany. 

Upon  the  organization  of  the  county,  the  settlers  met  at  Phil. 
Harris'  mill  to  select  their  county  officers.  The  officers  were  elected 
in  this  primitive  manner,  about  fifty  voters  being  present.  The  candi- 
dates were  called  out  and  took  their  places  a  few  steps  ajjart,  when 
the  sovereigns  gathered  around  the  candidate  they  preferred.  There 
was  not  much  electioneering  or  log-rolling  for  the  offices  among  the  set- 
tlers then,  and  bribery,  repeating  and  "ballot-box  stuffing"  were 
unknown.  And  there  was  no  trouble  or  bribery  or  great  expense  in 
selecting  the  county  seat  such  as  we  read  about  in  Kansas  and  other 
western  States.  The  commissioners  selected  a  place  near  the  geo- 
graphical center  of  the  county  as  then  organized,  and  where  '  'wood  and 
water  were  plenty. "  The  fii'st  house  erected  in  the  new  county  seat 
was  built  by  William  K.  Allen  in  the  fall  of  1845.  It  was  a  hewed-log 
house,  about  sixteen  feet  square,  built  on  the  block  northeast  of  the 
public  square,  and  remained  upon  its  old  foundation  and  in  its  original 
simplicity  for  about  twenty  years  when  it  was  destroyed  in  a  fire. 
J  ohn  and  Clem  Oatmen  were  the  first  merchants  in  the  county.  They 
sold  goods  for  several  years  in  the  first  house  erected  in  the  new  town. 


232  HISTOEY   OF   HARRISON   COUNTY. 

After  they  started  their  store  it  became  the  principal  place  of  com- 
merce among  the  settlers.  It  was  here  the  sqnatters  repaired  with 
their  honey,  beeswax,  furs  and  other  produce,  and  here  they  procured 
their  sugar,  coffee,  tea,  salt,  ammunition,  calico  and  other  goods  of 
prime  necessity,  and  the  Oatmens  did  the  hauling  between  Bethany 
and  St.  Joseph,  in  which  it  is  said  they  did  a  ' '  driving  business. ' ' 

The  first  preachers  in  the  county  were  A.  B.  Hardin,  Baptist,  and 
John  S.  Allen,  of  the  Christian  Church,  both  of  whom  came  to  the 
county  in  1841,  and  labored  faithfully  for  many  years. 

The  first  regular  attorney  was  William  G.  Lewis,  who  came  to 
the  county  in  1847,  and  practiced  here  over  twenty  years.  He  was  a 
good  lawyer,  an  excellent  citizen,  and  an  honest  man.  A  more 
extended  notice  of  him  may  be  found  on  another  page. 

The  first  hotel  in  the  county  was  kept  by  Robert  Bullington  in  a 
one-story,  hewed-log  house,  on  the  north  side  of  the  public  square,  in 
Bethany,  where  the  St.  Joe  House  now  stands.  The  original  part  of 
the  house  erected  by  Mr.  Bullington  still  remains,  though  sided  up; 
other  parts  have  been  added,  and  a  second  story  built  on  it.  so  that  it 
has  almost  lost  its  identity. 

The  first  dramshop  kept  in  the  county  was  by  Dennis  Clancy, 
who,ii  1845,  obtained  license  from  the  county  court  to  keep  a  '  'grocery" 
at  Harris'  mill  for  six  months,  by  paying  $10  State  tax,  and  $10 
county  tax.  That  was  before  the  days  of  high  license  and  cheap  drug 
stores.  It  is  stated  that  there  has  not  been  a  saloon  licensed  in  the 
coiinty  since  the  year  1863. 

The  first  blacksmith  shop  in  the  county  was  started  by  Joseph 
Hunt  about  1840  on  Big  Creek,  near  the  south  line  of  the  coimty. 

The  first  election  for  county  officers  was  held  the  first  Monday  in 
August,  1846.  Although  the  emoluments  of  the  offices  were  not  very 
great,  there  were  quite  a  number  of  candidates,  especially  for  county 
court  justices;  as  they  were  called  judges,  it  was  considered  quite  an 
honor  to  have  that  handle  prefixed  to  the  name.  Voting  in  Missouri 
was  then  done  viva  voce,  that  is,  each  sovereign  stepped  up  to  the 
polls,  and  called  out  the  names  of  the  candidates  he  wished  elected. 
At  this  election  Lorenzo  Dow  Thompson  was  elected  to  represent  the 
county  in  the  Legislature.  He  served  with  President  Lincoln  in  the 
Black  Hawk  War,  and,  it  is  said,  got  the  better  of  Lincoln  in  a  wrest- 
ling match.  He  was  a  tall,  stout,  raw-boned  man,  and  withal  a  man 
of  good  sense  and  fair  ability.  Thomas  Dunkerson,  S.  C.  Allen  and 
Elkanah  Glover  were  elected  county  court  justices;  John  W.  Brown, 
circuit  and  county  clerk;  Henry  Fuller,  sheriff,  and  David  Buck, 
treasurer. 


^ 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  233 

COUNTY  ORGANIZATION. 

The  territory  embraced  within  the  present  limits  of  Harrison 
County  originally  formed  a  part  of  Daviess  County,  and  remained 
such  until  created  a  separate  jurisdiction  by  an  act  of  the  General 
Assembly  bearing  date  of  February  14,  1845.  The  county  was  named 
in  compliment  to  Hon.  Albert  G.  Harrison,  at  that  time  a  distin- 
guished member  of  Congress  fi-om  one  of  the  soiithern  districts  of 
Missouri.  The  material  part  of  the  creating  act  describes  the  bound- 
aries of  the  county  as  follows :  ' '  Beginning  at  the  northeast  corner 
of  Daviess  County;  thence  on  the  range  line  between  Ranges  25  and 
26  west,  twenty-four  miles;  thence  west  to  the  range  line  between 
Ranges  29  and  30;  thence  south  on  said  range  line  to  the  northwest 
corner  of  Daviess  County;  thence  east  along  the  northern  line  of  Daviess 
County  to  the  place  of  beginning. ' ' 

The  northern  boundary  of  Daviess  County  is  described  in  Section 
14  of  the  same  act  as  follows:  "  From  the  northeast  corner  of  Sec- 
tion 36,  in  Township  62,  Range  26;  thence  west  on  said  section  line 
to  the  northwest  corner  of  Section  31,  Township  62,  Range  29." 
The  act  further  provides  for  the  organization  of  the  newly  created 
county,  and  designates  the  time  and  place  for  holding  courts  in  the 
same.  *"At  the  time  Harrison  County  was  created,  Benjamin 
Salmon  was  the  representative  in  the  Legislature  from  Daviess  County, 
and  as  he  lived  on  the  south  side  of  Township  62,  and  desired  to 
retain  his  residence  in  Daviess  County,  he  had  the  bill  so  framed  that 
when  it  passed  the  Legislature  one  mile  on  the  south  side  of  the 
above  township,  running  the  entire  width  of  the  coiinty,  was  retained 
in  the  county  of  Daviess. ' ' 

Since  then  the  boundaries  of  the  county  have  been  variously  modi- 
fied, the  north  line  at  the  time  of  the  organization  having  been 
about  one  mile  north  of  the  present  site  of  Eagleville. 

* ' '  The  State  line  between  the  States  of  Missouri  and  Iowa  was 
then  in  dispute,  and  the  district  north  of  Township  65,  for  a  distance 
of  about  twelve  miles,  was  called  the  '  disputed  ten-itoiy. '  The 
State  line  was  settled  and  permanently  located  in  1850,  and  iron  stakes 
six  inches  square  and  six  feet  long  were  planted  along  the  line  every 
ten  miles.  On  the  1st  of  March,  1851,  the  territory  between  the  old 
county  limits  and  the  State  line,  being  about  six  miles  in  width  and 
twenty  four  in  length,  was  added  to  the  county,  thus  making  it  a 
little  over  thirty  miles  long  and  twenty -four  miles  wide,  comprising  a 

*Heaston. 
15 


234  HISTORY    OF    HAEEISON    COUNTY. 

superficial  area  of  over  720  square  miles.  The  State  line  however 
does  not  run  exactly  with  the  section  lines,  but  bears  a  little  south- 
ward running  west,  making  the  true  area  of  the  county  about  456,000 
acres  of  land." 

The  County  Court. — Shortly  after  the  bill  creating  the  county  had 
become  a  law,  the  settlers  met  pursuant  to  appointment  at  what  was 
known  as  the  Harris  mill,  about  two  and  a  half  miles  west  of  where 
Bethany  now  stands,  for  the  purpose  of  choosing  county  officers, 
and  recommending  them  to  the  Governor  for  appointment.  The 
number  of  citizens  who  attended  the  meeting  is  variously  estimated 
at  from  thirty  to  forty-five,  and  the  election  is  said  to  have  been  con- 
ducted in  the  most  primitive  manner.  The  candidates  were  called 
out,  and  took  their  stations  a  few  feet  apart,  when  the  sovereigns 
flocked  to  the  men  they  wished  to  serve  them  in  the  office  designated. 
There  was  not  much  electioneering  or  ' '  log  rolling  ' '  for  offices  among 
the  settlers  then,  and  "repeating,"  and  "ballot-box  stuffing"  were 
unknown.  Lewis  .Charlton,  Asaph  Butler  and  Samuel  Edmiston 
were  selected  for  county  court  justices.  John  W.  Brown  was  chosen 
sheriff,  and  Thomas  Flint,  circuit  and  county  clerk.  These  parties 
were  duly  commissioned  by  the  Governor,  and  on  the  5th  of  May,  1845, 
they  met  pursuant  to  appointment  for  the  purpose  of  formally  organiz- 
ing the  county,  and  putting  its  machinery  in  motion. 

The  first  session  of  the  county  court  was  held  under  the  spread- 
ing branches  of  a  large  bass  wood  tree  on  the  west  bank  of  Big 
Creek  about  fifty  yards  south  of  the  Phil.  Harris  mill;  and  the  organi- 
zation took  place  in  the  presence  of  quite  a  large  number  of  citizens 
attracted  to  the  spot  by  the  novelty  of  the  occasion.  The  opening 
proceedings  were  characterized  by  due  formality,  proclamation  having 
been  made  by  the  sheriff,  Mr.  Brown,  who,  with  uncovered  head  and 
solemn  mien,  gave  utterance  for  the  first  time  to  what  has  since 
become  such  a  f amilar  declaration  to-wit :  ' '  Hear  ye,  hear  ye,  the 
honorable  county  court  of  Harrison  County  is  now  in  session." 
Samuel  Edmiston  was  chosen  presiding  justice,  after  which  the  court 
proceeded  to  the  transaction  of  such  business  as  came  within  the 
sphere  of  its  jurisdiction. 

The  following  from  the  little  time-stained  record  is  a  synopsis  of 
the  proceedings  of  this  historic  court: 
State  of    Missouri,  I 

COUNTY  OF  HARRISON.  \ 

Be  it  remembered  that  at  a  county  court  begun  and  held  at  Harris  mills 
within  and  for  said  county,  on  the  5th  day  of  May.  184.5.  were  present  Hon. 
Samuel  Edmiston,  Asaph  M.  Butler  and  Lewis  Charlton,  justices  of  said  county 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  235 

court,  and  Thomas  Fliut,  clerk.  John  W.  Brown  presents  the  account  of 
Ebenezer  AVood  against  the  county  for  eight  days'  service,  locating  the  seat  of 
justice  of  Harrison  County,  at  $3  per  day.  Ordered  by  the  court  that  the  ac- 
count be  allowed,  and  a  warrant  issued  on  the  treasurer  for  the  same. 

The  accounts  of  Edward  Smith  and  John  Gibson  for  similar 
sei-vice  were  also  presented  by  Mr.  Brown,  and  the  court,  after  due 
investigation,  ordered  warrants  issued  on  the  treasurer  for  amount 
claimed. 

Thomas  Flint  and  John  W.  Brown,  justices  of  the  peace  for  North 
Township,  Harrison  Cotinty,  came  into  open  court,  and  resigned  their 
commissions,  both  of  which  were  duly  accepted. 

Ordered  by  the  court  that  Henry  Puller  be  and  is  hereby  appointed  county 
treasurer  for  Harrison  County  to  serve  as  such  until  his  successor  is  appointed 
and  qualified. 

The  court  then  proceeded  to  fix  the  boundaries  of  the  following 
municipal  Townships:  Madison,  Butler  and  Dallas,  and,  after  appoint- 
ing one  Shepherd  Hulse  constable  for  Dallas,  an  order  to  adjourn 
until  the  second  Monday  in  June  next  was  made  and  recorded.  Thus 
ended  the  proceedings  of  the  first  county  court  of  Harrison  County. 

On  the  26th  of  May,  1845,  the  court  assembled  in  vacation  to 
consider  the  application  of  John  W.  Brown  for  letters  to  administer 
upon  the  estates  of  John  W.  Stevens  and  Thomas  Brown,  deceased,  of 
Harrison  County,  and  "the  said  John  W.  Brown  having  complied  with 
the  law  in  said  cases  provided,  it  is  ordered  that  letters  of  administra- 
tion issue  accordingly." 

At  the  regular  term,  June  9,  1845,  held  at  the  residence  of  David 
Buck,  near  Bethany,  there  were  present  the  justices  already  named, 
Thomas  Flint,  clerk,  and  John  W.  Brown,  sheriif.  It  was  ordered  by 
the  coiu't  that  ' '  John  S.  Allen  be  and  is  hereby  appointed  county  seat 
commissioner  to  survey  and  sell  the  lots  in  the  town  of  Dallas,  the  pres- 
ent county  seat. ' '  Whereupon  the  same  John  S.  Allen  entered  into  bond 
and  security  to  the  Governor  in  the  sum  of  $1,000  for  the  faithful  dis- 
charge of  the  duties  of  the  position. 

Ordered  that  Vincent  Smith  be  appointed  justice  of  the  peace  for  Dallas 
Township,  to  hold  said  office  until  the  next  general  election  or  until  his  suc- 
cessor is  chosen  and  qualified. 

A.  B.  Hardin  and  Samviel  Allen  were  appointed  justices  of  the 
peace  for  Dallas  and  Butler  Townships,  respectively,  and  Thomas 
L.  Frame  was  appointed  to  draw  the  road  and  cancel  fund  amount- 
ing to  $198.78,  in  accordance  with  the  apportionment  made  by 
the  treasurer  and  auditor  of  public  accounts.  William  Roberson 
was  appointed  guardian   and    curator   of    the   person    and   property 


236  HISTOKY    OF    HAERISON    CODNTY. 

of  Mary  C.  Taylor.  Thomas  L.  Frame  was  appointed  county  at- 
torney for  the  term  of  one  year,  and  also  instructed  to  act  as  agent 
in  procuring  the  necessary  books  and  records  for  the  county. 
Briefly  stated,  the  other  business  transacted  at  this  term  was  as 
follows:  the  appointing  of  L.  D.  Thompson,  Henry  Fuller  and  Jacob 
Brown  as  allotting  justices  for  the  townships  of  Butler,  Dallas  and 
Sugar  Ridge,  respectively.  Elkannah  Timmons  and  Valentine 
Floor,  chosen  justices  of  the  peace  for  the  township  of  Butler. 
Special  elections  were  ordered  held  in  the  different  municipal  town- 
ships, and  the  appointment  of  judges  for  the  same.  John  W. 
Brown  was  ordered  to  settle  with  the  county  court  of  Daviess  County 
' '  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  amount  of  revenue  belonging  to 
Harrison  County. ' '  License  was  granted  Dennis  Clancey  to  keep  a  gro- 
cery at  Fuller's  mill  on  Big  Creek  for  six  months,  commencing  June  10, 
1845,  for  which  the  sum  of  $10  was  imposed  as  a  tax  for  the  use  of  the 
county. 

Ordered  Ihat  the  order  made  at  the  May  term,  appointing  Henry  Fuller 
county  treasurer,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  received.  Ordered  that  David  Buck 
be  appointed  county  treasurer  of  Harrison  County  by  executing  bond  and 
security  to  be  approved  by  the  court. 

Following  the  above  appears  an  order  for  adjournment  to  meet  at 
the  house  of  David  Buck  on  the  last  Monday  in  June. 

At  the  next  regular  session  John  S.  Allen,  commissioner  of  the 
county  seat,  presented  a  report  of  plat  and  survey  of  the  town  of 
Dallas,  and  was  allowed  the  sum  of  $30. 37|^,  for  superintending  the 
clearing  off,  and  surveying  of  the  same.  It  was  ordered  that  the 
revenue  of  Harrison  County,  for  county  purposes,  be  double  that  of 
the  State  revenue  on  all  objects  of  taxables,  including  the  tax  on 
merchants  and  grocer's  license.  At  the  same  term  the  name  of  the 
county  seat  was  changed  from  Dallas  to  Bethany;  the  tax  book 
returned  by  O.  P.  Green,  assessor,  was  ordered  received  and  approved, 
and  John  S.  Allen  was  appointed  commissioner  to  contract  for  the 
building  of  a  courthouse  in  the  town  of  Bethany. 

Subsequent  Acts. — At  the  July  term,  1845,  a  petition  was  pre- 
sented to  the  court  by  Samuel  Alley,  signed  by  ntunerous  citizens 
and  householders,  praying  for  the  appointment  of  viewers  to  view 
and  mark  out  a  highway  from  Bethany,  to  intersect  the  county 
line  at  Section  35,  Township  62,  commencing  at  Bethany  and 
running  to  Section  35,  Township  62.  Samuel  Alley,  E.  T.  Ellis 
and  John  Allen  were  appointed  viewers  on  the  same.  John  G. 
Conduit,    Robert  Peery    and   David   Buck   were   appointed   to   view 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  237 

■"a  road  from  Bethany  in  the  direction  of  Trenton  in  Grundy 
County,  via  Joseph  Jones'  farm  in  Sugar  Kidge  Township. ' '  Edward 
Hunt,  James  Mitchell  and  James  Taylor  were  appointed  viewers 
on  a  road  from  Bethany  in  the  direction  of  Hunt's  mill,  and  for  like 
service  on  a  road  from  the  county  seat  to  Taylor's  Grove  were 
appointed  C.  L.  Jennings,  William  Long  and  Stephen  C.  Allen. 
John  S.  Allen  was  authorized  to  sell  lots  in  the  county  seat  at  private 
sale;  the  allotting  justices  of  the  various  municipal  townships 
made  re'ports  of  road  districts  in  the  same.  John  Cravens  was  allowed 
$12.50  for  medical  services  rendered  Thomas  Brown  (deceased),  and 
John  W.  Brown  presented  his  report  of  settlement  with  Daviess 
County.  The  following  is  a  brief  synopsis  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  court  at  the  September,  October  and  November  terms,  1845. 
Edward  Hunt  appointed  guardian  and  director  of  the  persons  and 
property  of  James  Michaels,  Sarah  Michaels  and  Lewis  Michaels, 
infant  heirs  of  Daniel  Michaels  (deceased),  with  bond  and  security 
of  11,500.  At  the  October  term,  John  W.  Brown,  sherifp  and  ex 
officio  collector,  made  settlement  with  the  court  for  the  tax  books  for 
the  year  1845.     He  was  charged  with : 

The  amount  of  the  tax  books  for  the  year $396  76 

Credit  by  delinquent  list %Z1  38 

Credit  by  commission  for  services f  10  00 

147  38 

Balance  to  treasurer $249  38 

Harlan  Oatman,  Thomas  Dunkerson,  William  Hamblen  and 
Richard  Watson  presented  claims  against  the  estates  of  Thomas 
Brown,  John  W.  Stevenson  and  John  Edmiston,  all  of  which  were 
allowed  by  the  court.  Thomas  Flint  was  allowed  $72.65  for  services 
as  clerk,  warrants  to  the  amount  of  $32  were  issued  in  favor  of 
Asaph  M.  Butler  and  Samuel  Edmiston,  as  salary,  for  eight  days' 
attendance  as  justices  of  the  county  court,  and  John  W.  Brown  was 
allowed  $40  for  services  as  sheriff. 

At  the  January  term,  1846,  held  at  the  residence  of  David  Buck, 
William  P.  Allen  was  appointed  sheriff  of  Harrison  County.  Various 
highways  in  different  parts  of  the  country  were  ordered  opened,  and 
a  settlement  with  the  collector  for  balance  of  tax  due  the  county 
from  January,  1846,  amounting  to  $67. 48^^,  was  made  and  placed  upon 
record.  •  In  March,  1846,  Charles  M.  Scott  was  allowed  $3. 15  for  hold- 
ing an  inquest  on  the  body  of  John  W.  Stevens;  and  Martin  Jennings, 
by  paying  a  tax  of  $20,  was  granted  a  license  to  keep  a  dramshop  in 
the  town  of  Bethany  for  the  term  of  six  months. 


238  HISTORY    OF   HABEISON   COUNTY. 

At  the  May  term,  1846,  the  coiirt  appointed  John  S.  Allen  clerk,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Thomas  Flint,  and  at  the  same 
time  an  appropriation  was  made  for  digging  a  public  well  in  Bethany, 
and  a  license  granted  to  E.  S.  Hughes  to  keep  a  grocery  at  Fuller's 
mill  for  a  period  of  six  months. 

In  the  fall  of  1846  a  new  county  court  was  elected,  composed 
of  the  following  justices:  Thomas  Dunkerson,  Stephen  C.  Allen 
and  Elkannah  Glover,  the  first  named  being  chosen  presiding  judge. 
They  held  their  first  meeting  in  November  of  the  above  year,  and 
during  the  term  a  large  amount  of  business  was  transacted. 

The  county^taxes  for  1846  were |308  76 

Delinquents  and  sheriff's  commission 27  77 

Amount  to  treasurer 280  99 

In  February,  1847,  the  records  show  settlements  made  by  David 
Buck,  county  treasurer,  as  follows: 

David  Buck  presents  his  papers  for  settlement,  and  by 
reference  to  books  and  warrants,  he  stands  charged 
with  amount  received  of  sheriff $280  99 

Credit  by  amount  paid  for  county  warrants 276  04 

Balance  on  hand 4  95 

Credit  by  services  as  treasurer 4  95 

First  Officers  of  the  County  Court. — Hon.  Samuel  Edmiston,  the 
first  presiding  judge,  was  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  and  an  early 
settler  of  Missouri,  moving  to  what  is  now  Butler  Township,  Har- 
rison County,  in  1842.  He  was  a  man  of  excellent  judgment,  and 
during  a  long  period  of  residence  in  Harrison  County  won  and  re- 
tained a  prominent  place  in  the  estimation  of  the  people.  Honest 
and  upright  in  all  his  dealings,  he  discharged  his  duties  as  presid- 
ing justice  acceptably,  as  is  attested  by  the  fact  that  his  oflScial  course 
never  provoked  criticism  or  censure.  He  died  on  his  farm  in  Butler 
Township  a  number  of  years  ago. 

Asaph  M.  Butler,  the  only  member  of  the  first  county  court  now 
living,  was  born  in  Vermont.  He  came  to  Harrison  County  in 
1840,  locating  where  he  still  resides  in  Cypress  Township.  He  took 
an  active  part  in  the  county  organization,  and  was  chosen  justice  on 
account  of  his  peculiar  fitness  for  the  position,  being  a  man  of  good 
judgment  and  practical  business  sense.  At  the  expiration  of  his 
oflScial  term  Mr.  Butler  abandoned  public  life,  and  has  never  since 
asked  nor  sought  political  preferment  at  the  hands  of  his  acquaint- 
ances. He  is  a  typical  gentleman  of  the  old  school,  and  justly 
regarded  as  one  of  Harrison  county's  most  worthy  pioneers. 


STATE    OF    MISSOUBI.  239 

Lewis  Charlton  came  to  Harrison  County  prior  to- 1840,  and  was 
one  of  the  first  settlers  in  what  is  now  Sherman  Township.  He 
appears  to  have  been  a  quiet,  unassuming  man,  and  as  a  member  of  the 
court  won  the  respect  of  his  fellow  citizens  by  his  earnest  efforts  in 
behalf  of  the  county's  interests.  He  possessed  fair  business  abilities, 
and  is  remembered  as  one  of  the  worthy  pioneers  of  Harrison. 

Thomas  Flint,  first  clerk  of  the  circuit  and  county  courts,  came  to 
Missouri  from  Indiana  early  in  the  forties,  and  settled  about  three 
miles  southwest  of  the  present  site  of  Bethany.  The  early  records 
show  him  to  have  been  a  man  of  fair  clerical  abilities,  and  from  what 
can  be  learned  of  him  personally,  he  appears  to  have  stood  well  in  the 
estimation  of  his  fellow  citizens.  He  was  chosen  clerk  at  the  organi- 
zation of  the  county,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  the  position  in  a 
satisfactory  manner  until  his  death  in  the  spring  of  1846. 

John  W.  Brown,  sheriff  of  Harrison  County  at  the  time  of  its  organ- 
ization, was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  part  of  Missouri,  moving  here 
about  the  year  1841.  He  was  a  Tennesseean  by  birth,  but  early  left 
his  native  State,  immigrating,  while  quite  young,  to  Illinois,  where 
he  resided  until  his  removal  to  Missouri  in  the  above  year.  Mr. 
Brown  was  a  man  of  much  more  than  average  intelligence,  and  for  a 
number  of  years  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  being  a  kind  of  counselor 
and  advisor  among  the  early  settlers  of  the  community  in  which  he 
lived.  His  name  appears  in  connection  with  much  of  the  early  county 
legislation,  and  his  ofiicial  career,  from  1845  until  1866,  was  eminently 
satisfactory  to  the  people  of  the  county.  From  the  organization  of 
the  county  until  the  fall  of  1846  he  served  as  sheriff,  and  from  the  latter 
year  until  1864  he  had  charge  of  the  circuit  and  county  clerks'  oflB.ces. 
He  was  elected  circuit  clerk  in  1864,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  the 
position  until  1866,  thus  completing  an  official  career  of  twenty-one 
consecutive  years. 

County  Seat  and  Public  Buildings.  — The  legislative  enactment 
creating  Harrison  Cotmty  named  three  commissioners,  whose  duty  it 
was  to  select  and  locate  a  permanent  seat  of  justice  for  the  same. 
These  commissoners — John  Gibson  and  Ebenezer  Wood,  of  Gentry 
County,  and  Edward  Smith,  of  Daviess — met  pursuant  to  law,  and 
after  spending  nine  days  in  viewing  the  county,  finally  selected  the 
present  site  of  Bethany  for  the  seat  of  justice,  and  gave  to  the  future 
city  the  name  of  Pallas.  They  made  a  report  of  their  proceedings  at 
the  first  session  of  the  county  court,  and  as  already  stated,  were  allowed 
for  nine  days'  services  at  $2  per  day,  the  wairants  ordered  in  their 
favor   being  the   first   issued   by  the  county. 


240  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON   COUNTY. 

At  the  ensuing  June  term  the  court  appointed  John  S.  Allen  com- 
missioner  of  the  seat  of  justice  with  bond  at  $1,000,  and  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  same  month  he  presented  a  report  of  the  plat  and  survey 
of  the  town,  for  which  service  he  was  allowed  the  sum  of  $30. 37  J. 

The  county  seat  permanently  located,  the  court  turned  its  attention 
to  the  necessity  of  providing  appropriate  public  buildings.  Accord- 
ingly, at  the  June  term  of  1845,  an  order  was  made  appointing  John 
S.  Allen  commissioner  to  contract  for  the  building  of  a  courthouse  of 
the  following  plan,  to  wit:  To  be  a  frame  24x20  and  14  feet  high, 
so  as  to  make  one  story  and  a  half,  the  first  story  to  be  9  feet  high, 
the  half  or  upper  story  to  be  5  feet,  two  windows  in  the  upper  story, 
and  seven  windows  below,  all  to  be  twelve-light  windows;  the  building 
to  be  put  up  with  good  material,  and  in  a  workmanlike  manner. 

From  the  above  order  it  will  be  observed  that  the  plans  and  speci- 
fications were  rather  indefinite,  no  provision  having  been  made  for 
doors. 

The  contract  was  awarded  to  Elkannah  Grover,  who,  for  the  sum  of 
$194,  erected  the  building  in  due  time,  and  reported  it  ready  for  occu- 
pancy. At  the  August  term,  1846,  the  commissioner  was  authorized 
"to  let  a  job  of  work  on  the  courthouse  to  the  lowest  bidder,  of  the 
following  description,  to  wit:  a  seat  for  the  judge  to  be  on  a  platform 
two  feet  high,  three  feet  wide  and  eight  feet  long,  to  be  banistered  up 
in  front  with  railings  and  a  plank  on  top,  eight  or  ten  inches  wide, 
also  one  step  to  ascend  the  platform  one  foot  high,  also  a  bar  in  fi-ont 
of  the  j  iistice'  s  seat  to  be  thirteen  feet  long. ' ' 

The  house  stood  northeast  of  the  public  square  on  Lot  4,  Block  2, 
of  the  original  plat,  and  although  a  very  primitive  affair  answered  the 
purposes  fpr  which  it  was  intended  until  the  increasing  business 
of  the  county  foreshadowed  the  necessity  of  a  building  of  enlarged 
proportions. 

Second  Courthouse. — At  the  August  term,  1856,  the  court  ordered 
that  $8,000  be  api^ropriated  for  the  purpose  of  building  a  new  court- 
house in  the  town  of  Bethany,  and  appointed  William  G.  Lewis,  Esq. , 
commissioner  to  let  contract  and  superintend  the  erection  of  the  same. 

Plans  and  specifications  were  famished,  and  after  some  bidding 
the  contract  was  awarded  to  Asbury  Allen  and  Allen  S.  Meek,  who 
agreed  to  construct  the  building  for  $9,732.  They  made  the  brick  in 
1856,  began  work  on  the  biiilding  the  following  year,  and  completed 
it  in  1858.  The  house  was  a  substantial  brick  structure,  sixty-five 
feet  long  east  and  west  by  forty  feet  wide,  two  stories  high,  each 
story  being   fifteen  feet  high.      The  lower  story  was  divided   by   a 


STATE   OF   MI8S0UKI.  241 

hall  tea  feet  wide  running  through  the  entire  length  of  the  building 
with  stairs  to  ascend  to  the  second  story  on  one  side  of  the  hall. 
The  south  side  of  the  lower  story  was  divided  into  four  rooms  of  equal 
size,  and  the  north  side  contained  three  offices — one  double  the  size  of 
the  other  two.  The  largest  room  below  was  used  for  the  clerk's  office 
and  county  court  room.  The  circuit  court  room  was  in  the  second 
story,  with  fifteen  feet  cut  off  the  west  end  divided  by  a  hall,  with  jury 
rooms  fifteen  feet  square  on  either  side.  It  stood  on  the  public  square, 
and  at  the  time  of  completion  was  considered  one  of  the  most  commo- 
dious and  substantial  temples  of  justice  in  Northwest  Missouri. 

As  soon  as  the  new  building  was  ready  for  occupancy  the  county 
court  ordered  the  old  courthouse  property  sold.  It  was  purchased  in 
1858  by  Charles  J.  Blackburn  for  $500.40,  and  remained  standing 
until  about  the  year  1881,  at  which  time  it  was  torn  down,  and  the 
material  used  in  the  construction  of  a  business  house,  which  now  stands 
upon  the  same  lot. 

The  brick  courthouse,  as  already  stated,  was  substantially  built, 
and  would  have  answered  the  county  for  many  years  had  it  not  been 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1874:  The  following,  from  the  Bethany  Repub- 
lican of  January  8,  of  the  above  year,  is  an  account  of  the  fire  which 
reduced  the  building  to  a  mass  of  ruins: 

"About  11  o'clock  last  night,  January  7,  the  alarm  of  'fire'  was 
heard  along  the  streets  followed  by  a  ringing  of  bells  and  a  general 
panic.  The  night  was  bright  with  moonlight,  the  ground  partly 
covered  with  snow,  and  a  moderate  breeze  was  blowing  from  the  south. 
The  fire  was  discovered  by  Scott  and  Luther  Bryant,  who  observed 
a  brilliant  light  in  the  collector' s  office  on  the  north  side  of  the  court- 
house. As  the  light  increased  they  gave  the  alarm,  and  r\jshed  down 
to  the  courthouse,  where  they  found  the  floor  and  desk  in  Mr.  Baker's 
office  all  on  fire,  and  the  desk  burning,  and  also  saw  that  the  window 
of  the  office  was  raised  about  two  feet.  Other  citizens  fi-om  all  parts 
of  the  town  soon  appeared,  but,  as  comparatively  few  brought  buckets 
of  water,  and  water  being  scarce  in  the  town  at  the  time,  the  fire  soon 
gained  such  headway  that  little  could  be  done  to  save  the  building. 
The  desk  was  of  considerable  height,  and,  having  a  pigeon  hole  case 
standing  on  the  top  full  of  papers,  the  fire  reached  the  ceiling  easily, 
which  was  soon  in  flames. 

~  "The  square  and  street  were  by  this  time  thronged  with  a  multi- 
tude of  men,  women  and  childi'en,  who  stood  shivering  in  the  bleak 
night  wind  powerless  to  render  much  aid  in  saving  the  building,  but 
organized  into  amateur  fire  companies  to  protect  the  buildings  on  the 
north  side  of  the  square. 


242  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

' '  Water  and  snow  were  thrown  on  the  roofs  and  sides  of  the  build- 
ings and  the  showers  of  sparks  eagerly  watched.  When  the  roof  of 
the  courthouse  caught  fire  the  heat  was  so  great  on  the  walk  in  front 
of  the  Ohio  House,  and  the  falling  cinders  so  thick,  that  many  people 
fled  in  terror.  It  was  soon  observed  by  the  most  thoughtful  that  the 
courthouse  could  not  be  saved,  and  the  cry  was  then  given  to  '  save 
the  records.'  A  rush  was  made  for  Dr.  Skinner's  office,  and  the  door 
broken  down,  and  in  a  few  minutes  the  land  books,  court  records  and 
papers  were  taken  to  a  safe  distance.  Next  the  probate  court  and 
county  clerk's  oiSces  were  emptied  of  their  contents.  All  of  the  pro- 
bate records  were  saved,  and  most  of  the  county  records,  except  some 
papers  in  the  large  desks  on  the  west  side  of  the  county  clerk's  office. 
Some  of  the  latter  were  destroyed,  including  the  settlements  with  the 
township  clerks  and  the  estimates  for  school  expenses.  The  tax 
books,  all  of  the  road  receipts  that  had  been  received  on  taxes,  and 
other  papers  connected  with  the  collector's  office,  were  destroyed. 
There  was  little  doubt  that  the  fire  was  the  work  of  an  incendiary,  as 
it  appears  to  have  started  near  the  desk  of  the  collectors. 

' '  When  the  parties  first  on  the  ground  appeared  there  was  no  fire 
about  the  stove.  A  bunch  of  shavings,  partly  bm-ned,  was  found  in  the 
hall  in  front  of  the  sheriff's  office  door.  Just  after  the  alarm  had  been 
given  a  strange  man  was  seen  running  out  of  the  courthouse  yard. 
Previous  to  the  fire  two  or  three  suspicious  characters  were  seen  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  building,  but  no  clue  to  their  whereabouts  was  ever 
ascertained. ' ' 

On  Monday  after  the  fire  the  county  court  held  a  called  session,  and 
ordered  the  walls  of  the  building  taken  down  to  the  top  of  the  first 
story  windows.  Arrangements  were  also  made  for  the  accommodation 
of  the  various  offices,  and  the  records  were  at  once  removed  to  places 
of  safety. 

Present  Courthouse.  — The  county  being  thus  deprived  of  its  temple 
of  justice,  steps  were  at  once  taken  to  erect  a  new  building.  According- 
ly, at  the  February  term,  1874,  an  order  was  made  by  the  court,  appro- 
priating $9, 000  for  the  purpose.  The  citizens  of  Bethany  increased 
this  amount  by  subscriptions  to  112,672,  and  in  due  time  Charles  J. 
Blackburn,  commissioner,  prepared  plans  and  specifications  for  the  pro- 
posed building.  Benton  Edwards  and  Isaac  Hays,  of  Macon  City,  Mo. , 
were  awarded  the  contract,  and  in  May,  1874,  work  upon  the  new  house 
began.  The  bricks  were  made  and  laid  up  dui-ing  the  summer,  and 
so  rapidly  had  the  work  progressed  that  by  the  following  September 
circuit  court  was  held  in  the  new  building.     The  house  was  not  then 


STATE    OF    MISSOUBI.  243 

plastered,  but  was  completed  and  received  about  the  1 5th  of  November, 
1874.  Like  its  predecessor,  the  present  house  is  a  two-story  brick 
structure,  but  a  more  spacious  building.  It  is  eighty  feet  long,  forty- 
five  feet  wide,  two  stories  high,  the  upper  story  twenty-one  feet  from 
floor  to  ceiling,  and  the  lower  story  twelve  feet.  Upon  the  first  floor 
are  located  the  difPerent  county  offices,  viz. :  County  and  circuit  clerk, 
county  attorney  and  probate  judge;  while  the  second  story  comprises 
the  court  room,  grand  and  petit  juiy  rooms,  all  substantially  finished 
and  thoroughly  ventilated.  The  building  is  a  superb  model  of  archi- 
tectui'al  beauty,  and  with  its  well-kept  lawn  and  handsomely  shaded 
yards  'is  an  ornament  to  the  city  and  county.  The  original  contract 
was  in  round  numbers  $12,672,  but  changes  in  plans,  additions  made 
to  the  original  design,  furnishing,  and  all  extras  combined,  made  the 
cost  a  little  in  excess  of  that  amount. 

Jails. — At  the  February  term,  1847,  "  it  was  ordered  by  the  court 
that  the  building  of  a  jailhouse  be  let  to  the  lowest  bidder,  and  that 
one- fourth  of  the  money  for  the  same  be  paid  when  the  materials  are 
fui-nished  on  the  ground."  E.  S.  Hughes  was  appointed  commissioner 
to  let  the  contract,  which  was  awarded  to  John  and  Clem  Oatman  for 
$346.80.  The  following  from  Col.  Heaston's  centennial  history  of 
Harrison  County,  is  a  full  description  of  the  prison  pen: 

' '  The  building  erected  was  two  stories  high,  sixteen  feet  square, 
consisting  of  two  thicknesses  of  hewed  logs;  the  logs  were  hewed  out 
of  good  solid  oak,  twelve  inches  square,  and  fitted  together  tightly 
with  floors  and  ceiling  of  the  same  material,  each  story  being  eight 
feet  high.  The  entrance  was  by  stairs  on  the  outside  to  the  second 
story,  where  there  were  two  heavy  doors,  an  inside  and  an  outside 
door.  The  lower  room  was  called  the  dungeon,  and  the  prisoners 
were  let  down  into  it  through  a  trap  door.  The  two  windows  con- 
sisted of  holes  through  the  sides  about  ten  inches  square,  with  strong 
iron  bars  across  them.  It  was  completed,  and  the  keys  delivered  up 
on  the  1st  of  Sejjtember,  1847.  It  was  built  upon  the  northwest 
corner  of  the  public  square,  and  remained  standing  until  the  year 
1861." 

The  above  building  was  used  as  a  place  of  incarceration  until 
1860,  when  it  was  decided  to  erect  a  more  secure  prison;  accordiugly 
in  that  year  the  court  appointed  Charles  J.  Blackburn,  commissioner, 
to  prepare  specifications,  let  contract  and  superintend  the  construc- 
tion of  a  new  jail  and  jailer's  residence.  Garden  E.  Sanderson, 
being  the  lowest  responsible  bidder,  was  awarded  the  contract  at 
$8,000,  and  began  work  on  the  building  in  1861.     Owing  to  troubles 


244  HISTOEY   OF   HARRISON   COUNTY. 

occasioned  by  the  war  work  was  retarded,  and  not  until  1864  was  the 
building  completed  and  received  by  the  court.  The  jail  proper  is 
twenty-two  feet  square,  two  stories  high,  built  of  large  dressed 
stone  weighing  from  one  to  two  tons  each.  The  large  double  doors 
are  made  of  iron,  and  the  upper  iloors  and  ceiling  are  lined  with  boiler 
iron,  rendering  escape  well  nigh  impossible.  The  jailer's  residence, 
comprising  the  south  end  of  the  building,  is  15x30  feet  in  size,  built 
of  brick,  and  consists  of  four  comfortable  rooms. 

When  the  jail  was  first  completed  it  was  considered  utterly  impos- 
sible for  prisoners  to  escape.  This  delusion  was  dispelled  in  a  few 
years,  however,  as  the  inmates  learned  to  make  fires  against  the  stone, 
which '-when  heated  and  dampened  by  dashing  on  of  water,  soon 
cracked,  causing  large  scales  to  peel  ofP.  They  continued  this  process 
until  the  jail  was  rendered  insecure  and  a  few  prisoners  escaped.  In 
1875  the  jail  was  improved  by  the  addition  of  strong  iron  cells,  put  in 
by  W.  T.  Cooper,  at  a  cost  to  the  county  of   $2,400. 

Toimships. — As  already  stated,  one  of  the  first  acts  of  the  county 
court  was  the  division  of  the  county  into  municipal  townships — Mad- 
ison, Butler  and  Dallas. 

The  boundaries  of  Madison  Township,  as  described  in  the  records, 
were  as  follows:  Beginning  at  a  point  where  the  State  road  fi-om 
Savannah  to  Moscow  crosses  the  line  between  Harrison  and  Mercer 
Counties;  thence  westwardly  with  the  said  State  road  to  the  summit  of 
the  divide  between  Big  Creek  and  the  east  fork'  of  Grand  Eiver; 
thence  with  the  divide  northwardly  to  the  State  line;  thence  east 
with  the  State  line  to  the  northeast  corner  of  the  county;  thence  south 
with  the  county  line  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

Butler  Township,  named  in  honor  of  Asaph  M.  Butler,  included 
an  area  with  the  following  boundaries:  Beginning  at  the  county 
line  on  the  divide  between  Cypress  and  Hickory  Creeks;  thence  north 
with  the  divide  six  miles,  to  the  line  between  Sections  25  and  36; 
thence  west  with  said  line  to  the  west  side  of  the  county;  thence  south 
with  the  county  line  to  the  southeast  corner  of  the  county;  thence  east 
to  the  place  of  beginning. 

Dallas  Township,  subsequently  changed  to  Bethany,  was  bounded 
as  follows:  Beginning  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Butler  Township; 
thence  north  with  the  divide  to  the  State  line;  thence  west  with  the 
State  line  to  the  northwest  corner  of  the  county;  thence  south  to  the 
northwest  corner  of  Butler  Township:  thence  east  with  said  township 
line  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

At  the  June  term,  1845,  Sugar  Creek  Township  was  created,  with 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  245 

the  following  boundaries :  Beginning  at  a  point  where  the  State  road 
leading  from  Savannah  to  Moscow  crosses  the  Harrison  and  Mercer 
County  line;  thence  west  with  said  road  to  the  summit  of  the  divide 
between  Big  Creek  and  Grand  River;  thence  south  with  the  divide  to 
the  county  line  between  Harrison  and  Daviess  Counties;  thence  east 
with  the  county  line  to  the  southeast  corner  of  the  county;  thence 
north  with  the  county  line  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

At  the  May  term,  1846,  upon  petition  of  numerous  citizens,  it  was 
"  ordered  that  all  that  part  of  Bethany  Township  lying  north  of  Town- 
ships 64  and  65  be  created  a  separate  and  distinct  municipal  township 
to  be  known  and  designated  by  the  name  of  Marion. ' ' 

Trail  Creek  Township  was  created  at  the  December  term,  1855, 
as  follows :  ' '  Ordered  that  all  that  portion  of  Sugar  Creek  Township 
lying  north  of  the  following  line,  to  wit:  Beginning  at  the  southeast 
corner  of  Section  12,  Township  63,  Range  26 ;  thence  west  on  section 
line  to  the  line  dividing  Bethany  and  Sugar  Creek  Townships,  be  and 
is  hereby  organized  into  a  manicipal  township,  to  be  known  by  the 
name  of  and  called  Trail  Creek." 

It  was  ordered  at  the  March  term,  1856,  that  the  following  bounds 
' '  be  and  are  hereby  set  oS  into  a  municipal  township :  Congressional 
Townships  65,  66,  and  the  fractional  part  of  67,  Range  29,  to  be 
known  by  the  name  of  Washington. ' ' 

The  following  were  the  boundaries  of  Union  Township  created  in 
1858 :  Beginning  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Section  19,  Township  64, 
Range  28;  thence  running  east  on  section  line  eleven  miles;  thence 
north  six  miles  with  section  line ;  thence  west  to  the  northwest  corner 
of  Section  19,  Township  65,  Range  28;  thence  south  with  range  line 
to  the  place  of  beginning. 

At  the  September  term,  1860,  it  was  ordered  that  ' '  all  of  Con- 
gressional Township  No.  63,  Range  29,  be  and  is  hereby  organized 
a  municipal  township  to  be  known  by  the  name  and  called  White 
Oak." 

Cypress  Township  was  organized  in  September,  1858,  with  the  fol- 
lowing boundary:  Beginning  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Section 
35,  in  Township  62,  Range  27,  at  the  county  line;  thence  north  to 
the  northwest  corner  of  Section  35,  in  Township  63,  Range  27; 
thence  west  of  the  section  line  to  the  middle  of  the  main  channel 
of  Big  Creek;  thence  down  the  main  channel  of  said  creek  to  the 
county  line;  thence  east  on  county  line  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

It  was  ordered  at  the  March  term,  1858,  that  "  all  that  portion  of 
Marion  Township  lying  north  of   the  line  dividing  Townships  65  and 


246  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

66,  be  and  is  hereby  set  off  iato  a  separate  munieipal  township  to  be 
known  by  the  style  and  name  of  Clay  Township. ' ' 

The  township  of  Lincoln  was  created  in  July,  1865,  with  the  follow- 
ing boundaries,  viz. :  Commencing  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Section 
36,  Township  67,  Range  29,  on  the  Iowa  line;  thence  running  south 
six  miles  to  the  southeast  corner  of  Section  25  in  said  township  of  66, 
in  Harrison  County,  State  of  Missouri;  thence  west  to  the  county  line 
between  Harrison  and  Worth  Counties  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Sec- 
tion 30;  thence  north  to  the  Iowa  State  line  at  the  northwest  corner  of 
Section  31 ;  thence  east  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

At  the  April  term,  1866,  the  boundaries  of  the  above  township  were 
variously  modified,  and  at  the  ensuing  May  term,  outlines  of  Sugar 
Creek  and  Trail  Creek  Townships  were  materially  changed.  From 
1866  until  1872  no  new  townships  were  created,  but  in  June  of  the 
latter  year,  the  court  organized  the  township  of  Grant  by  a  division  of 
Union  with  boundaries  as  follows:  Commencing  at  range  line  be- 
tween Township  64,  Ranges  27  and  28,  at  the  southwest  corner  of 
Section  18,  Township  64,  Range  27,  and  the  southeast  corner  of 
Section  13,  Township  64,  Range  28;  thence  north  to  the  northwest 
corner  of  Section  19,  Township  65,  Range  27;  thence  south  on  section 
line  to  the  southeast  corner  of  Section  14,  Township  64,  Range  27; 
thence  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

In  June,  1872,  the  county  court  upon  proper  petition  ordered  that 
the  question  of  township  organization  should  be  submitted  to  the  peo- 
ple at  the  general  election  in  November  of  the  same  year.  The 
township  organization  law  provides  that  each  municipal  township  shall 
be  a  body  corporate  with  power  and  capacity,  as  follows : 

"First,  to  sue  und  be  sued  in  the  manner  provided  by  the  laws  of 
the  State;  second,  to  purchase  and  hold  real  estate  within  its  own 
limits  for  the  use  of  its  inhabitants  subject  to  the  power  of  the  General 
Assembly;  third,  to  make  such  contracts,  purchase  and  hold  personal 
property,  and  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary  to  the  exercise  of 
its  corporate  or  administrative  powers;  fourth,  to  make  such  orders  for 
the  disposition,  regulation  or  use  of  its  corporate  property  as  may  be 
conducive  to  the  interests  of  the  inhabitants  thereof;  fifth,  to  purchase 
at  any  piiblic  sale,  for  the  use  of  said  township,  any  real  estate  which 
may  be  necessary  to  secure  any  debt  to  said  township  or  the  inhab- 
itants thereof,  in  their  corporate  capacity,  and  to  dispose  of  the  same. ' ' 
The  law  provides  for  the  election  of  the  following  officers  in  each 
municipal  township,  to  wit :  ' '  One  trustee,  who  shall  be  ex  officio  treas- 
urer of  the  township;  one  township  collector,  and  one  township  clerk. 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  247 

who  shall  be  ex  officio  township  assessor,  one  constable,  two  justices 
of  the  peace,  and  as  many  road  overseers  as  there  are  road  districts  in 
the  township. ' ' 

The  election  to  decide  whether  or  not  the  citizens  of  the  county 
desired  the  township  organization  was  held  on  the  5th  of  November, 
1872,  with  the  following  result: 

For  township     Agaiust  township 
organization.  organization. 

SugarCreek 195  17 

Trail  Creek 191  37 

Madison 89  73 

Clay 157  10 

Marion 117  868 

Grant 55  18 

Union 127  4 

Bethany 343  103 

Cypress  154  17 

Butler 91  78 

WhiteOak 183  1 

Dallas Ill  7 

Washington 79  3 

Lincoln 97  0 

Total  1,988  636 

Majority  in  favor  of  organization 1,353 

Immediately  after  the  election  the  county  court,  by  the  power 
vested  in  it  by  the  township  organization  law,  divided  the  county  into 
twenty  municipal  townships,  making  them  coirespond  with  the  Con- 
gressional survey. 

Sugar  Ridge  Township  consists  of  all  that  part  of  Congressional 
Township  62,  Range  26,  being  and  lying  in  Harrison  County. 

Fox  Creek  consists  of  all  of  Congressional  Township  63,  Range  26. 

Madison  comprises  all  of  Congressional  Township  65,  Range  26. 

Clay  Township  consists  of  all  of  Congressional  Township  66, 
Range  26,  and  that  part  of  Township  67,  Range  26,  that  lies  in  Har- 
rison County. 

Colfax  Township  consists  of  all  of  Congressional  Township  66, 
Range  27,  and  part  of  Township  67,  same  range. 

Marion  is  Township  65,  Range  27,  of  the  Congressional  survey. 

Grant  is  Congressional  Township  64,  Range  27. 

Sherman  Township  embraces  all  of  Congressional  Township  63 
Range  27. 

Adams  Township  is  Congressional  Township  62,  Range  27. 

Cypress  is  Congressional  Township  62,  Range  28. 

Bethany  is  Township  63,  Range  28. 


248  HISTORY    OF    HAEEISON    COUNTY. 

Jefiferson  is  Congressional  Township  64,  Range  28. 

Union  Township  includes  Congressional  Township  65,  Kange  28. 

Hamilton  embraces  all  of  Congressional  Township  66,  and  part  of 
67,  Range  28. 

Lincoln  includes  all  of  Congressional  Township  66,  Range  29,  and 
that  part  of  67,  Range  29,  lying  in  Harrison  County. 

Washington  is  Congressional  Township  65.  Range  29. 

Dallas  Township  corresponds  with  Township  64,  Range  29,  of  the 
Congressional  survey. 

White  Oak  is  Congressional  Township  63,  Range  29. 

Butler  Township  includes  all  of  that  part  of  Congressional  Town- 
ship 62,  Range  29,  lying  in  Harrison  County. 

Trail  Creek  is  Congressional  Township  64,  Range  26. 

Paupers. — "The  poor  ye  have  with  you  always,"  said  the  Divine 
Master,  and  to  care  for  them  properly  is  a  duty  incumbent  upon  all  civ- 
ilized communities.  The  early  records  of  the  Harrison  County  court  con- 
tain the  somewhat  startling  announcement  that  the  paupers  were  let  to 
the  lowest  bidder,  a  procedure  which  has  since  happily  been  abandoned 
by  the  purchase  of  a  farm  for  the  accommodation  of  this  rather  numer- 
ous class  of  unfortunates.  The  first  allusion  to  the  poor  is  found  in 
the  minutes  of  the  June  term,  1847,  where  appears  the  following  brief 
but  quaint  record:  "Henry  Fuller,  sheriff,  lets  John  Richardson, 
a  pauper,  to  the  lowest  bidder,  and  John  Foster  takes  him  at  $38  for 
twelvemonths."  A  little  later  Sarah  Cox  was  ordered  "let  to  the 
lowest  bidder,"  but  fi-om  the  records  it  does  not  appear  that  compe- 
tition in  her  case  was  very  spirited. 

At  the  December  term,  1866,  John  W.  Brown,  who  had  been  pre- 
viously appointed  to  purchase  land  for  a  poor  farm,  presented  a  deed 
for  the  following  tract  of  land:  The  southwest  quarter  of  Section 
9,  and  the  northwest  and  northeast  quarters  of  Section  16,  Township 
64,  Range  27,  containing  in  all  280  acres.  Two  years  later  the 
necessary  buildings  were  erected,  since  which  time  the  farm  has 
afforded  a  comfortable  home  for  the  poor  and  indigent  classes  of  the 
county. 

Early  Records. — The  early  records  of  Harrison  County  were  writ- 
ten by  plain  business  men,  and,  while  lacking  in  literary  finish,  are 
in  the  main  legible  and  well  prepared.  The  records  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  circuit  court  for  ten  years  are  ■wTitten  in  a  small  leather- 
bound  book  of  408  pages,  the  size  of  common  foolscap  paper,  while 
the  first  deed  record  is  a  book  of  similar  size,  containing  414  jiages. 
The  county  court  records  were  prepared  with  considerable  care,  and 
show  the  first  clerk  to  have  been  a  man  of  fair  clerical  ability. 


0??.  /^i'^^iP 


HARRISON    COUNTY 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  249 

The  first  instrument  on  record  in  the  circuit  clerk"  s  office  is  a  letter 
of  attorney  by  Prudence  Fos,  of  Whitley  County,  Ky. ,  appointing 
"  her  friend  James  Faulkner,  of  Livingston  County,  Mo.,  to  attend 
to  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  settlement  of  the  estate  of  her  son, 
Sampson  Fox,"  of  the  latter  county  and  State,  the  writing  bearing 
date  of  November,  1845. 

Following  the  above  appears  a  warranty  deed  ' '  for  a  certain  tract, 
piece  or  parcel  of  land,  situated,  lying  and  being  in  the  county  of 
Harrison,  and  State  of  Missouri,  to  wit:  the  southeast  quarter  of  the 
southeast  quarter  of  Section  No.  5,  Township  62,  Range  28,  contain- 
ing forty  acres  more  or  less,"  sold  by  Benjamin  Taylor  to  William 
Cummings  for  $200,  and  acknowledged  on  the  26th  of  February, 
1846,  before  Elkanaah  Timmons,  a  justice  of  the  peace. 

The  second  deed  bears  date  of  January,  1846,  and  is  for  "ten 
acres  of  land  off  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  of 
Section  7,  Township  62,  Range  28,  in  the  district  of  lands  sold  at 
Plattsburg,  Mo.,"  conveyed  by  John  G.  Musick  and  his  wife,  Mary 
Musick,  to  J.  D.  Hardin,  for  a  consideration  of  $40.  The  third 
conveyance  of  real  estate  was  made  by  Reuben  and  Sarah  Tilley,  who 
for  a  consideration  of  $1,000  sold  to  Michael  Fleener  a  tract  of  land 
containing  463  acres  more  or  less,  situated  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  county.  Michael  Fleener  then  deeds  an  equal  number  of  acres  in 
the  same  part  of  the  county  to  Reuben  Tilley  for  $1,500,  the  last 
instrument  bearing  date  of  February  23,  1846.  The  first  mortgage 
upon  record  in  the  county  was  given  by  Jeremiah  Young  to  Reuben 
Tilley  for  $100  on  the  west  half  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section 
31,  Township  63,  Range  29,  dated  November  of  the  above  year. 

Among  the  earliest  instruments   of  record  was  the  bond  of  Henry 
Fuller    as    collector   of    Harrison    County,    made    on    the    10th    of 
August,  1846,  and  recorded  during  the  ensuing  month.      The  mater- 
ial part  of  the  bond  is  worded  as  follows:    "  Know  all  men  by  these 
presents   that   I,   Henry  Fuller,    principal,    and  Thomas    Tucker,  E. 
S.  Hughes,  James  Fuller,  David  Harris  and  William  Allen,  securities, 
are  held  and  bound  to  the  State  of  Missouri  in  the  sum  of  $1,000,  to 
the  payment  of  which  we  bind  ourselves,  our  heirs,  executors,  etc.  f-'^ 
the  conditions   of  the  obligation   being  such   "that  the  said   Henry      •» 
Fuller  does  faithfully  and  punctually   collect  and  pay  over  all  th^^' i- - 
State  and  county  revenue  for  the  two  years  next  ensuing,  the  first  day 
of  September  thereafter,   and  that  he  will,   in  all  things,  faithfully 
perform  all  duties  of  the  office  of  collector  according  to  law,  then  this 
obligation  to  be  void,  otherwise  to  remain  in  full  force  and  effect. ' ' 

16 


250  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

Early  Marriages. — The  following  is  a  list  of  the  earliest  marriages 
solemnized  in  Harrison  during  the  first  two  years  of  its  histoi-y :  David 
C.  Bryant  and  Permelia  Edmiston,  married  November  6,  1845,  by  Rev. 
L.  Morgan.  Benjamin  Casner  and  Nancy  Miller  were  united  in  the 
holy  bonds  of  wedlock  on  the  26th  day  of  December,  1845,  by  Ivan 
Lane,  justice  of  the  peace.  November  11,  1845,  'Willis  Hai-per  and 
Eleanor  Williams  were  made  man  and  wife,  Charles  L.  Jennings,  a 
justice  of  the  peace  officiating.  Thomas  H.  Poynter  and  Susan  A. 
Jenks  were  married  by  C.  L.  Jennings  on  the  24th  day  of  December, 
1845.  Other  early  marriages  were  Elkannah  Eatcliff  and  Catherine 
Prewet,  John  Spencer  and  Emily  Safter,  Matturn  Taylor  and  Mary 
M.  Henson,  John  Taylor  and  Mary  E.  McDaniel,  Alfred  Williams 
and  Sarah  Vanderpool,  William  Alleock  and  Rebecca  Allen,  Josiah  J. 
Allen  to  Mary  Hogan,  David  Blaketer  and  Harriet  Lawson,  Core 
Houk  and  Malinda  Dolson.  Levi  Hunt  and  Caroline  Cummins, 
George  W.  Hanners  and  Elizabeth  Bullington,  Jesse  Haunn  and 
Saulda  Booth,  Archibald  M.  McDaniel  and  Jane  Daniels,  Harden 
Carmen  and  Elizabeth  Hultz,  Frank  M.  Brown  and  Saulda  Poynter, 
John  W.  Brown  and  Irene  Higgins,  Samuel  Corister  and  Nancy 
Miller,  William  Carver  and  Tamer  Condry,  Tobias  Deboice  and  Mary 
Garner,  Peter  C.  Dowell  and  Hester  W.  Brown. 

Census  and  Statistics. — The  population  of  HaiTison  County  in 
1850  was  2,447;  In  1860,  10,626;  in  1870,  14,635. 

The  following  is  the  census  of  1880  by  townships: 

Adams 67.5      Bethany 1,134 

Butler 1,045      Bethany  City 994 

Clay 1,074      Colfax 1,198 

Cypress 797      Dallas 1,011 

Fo.x  Creek 990      Grant 808 

Jefferson 1,120      Lincoln 795 

Madison 891      Marion... 1,033 

Cainesville  Village 198      Sherman 806 

SugarCreek 6T6      Trail  Creek 932 

Union 1,011      Washington 776 

WhiteOak  1,105  


Total 20.304 

Statistics  of  1880.  — Korses,  11,091;  mules,  1,107;  cows,  11,981; 
other  cattle,  25,229;  sheep,  27,726;  swine.  72,379;  pounds  of  wool, 
154,319;  pounds  of  butter,  564,398;  pounds  of  cheese,  3,089;  Indian 
corn,  3,513,186  bushels;  oats,  506,126;  rye,  39,164;  wheat,  147,273; 
hay,  41,254  tons;  potatoes,  68,570  bushels;  sweet  potatoes,  1,856 
bushels;  tobacco,  42,952  pounds.    Value  of  orchard  products,  §38,594. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  251 

Assessed  value  of  real  estate $3,419,329 

Assessed  value  of  personal  property 1,613,639 


Total ■ 114,032,931 

State  tax $16,131 

County  tax 30,165 

City,  town  and  school 11,900 


Total  tax $48,196 

Manufactories. — Number  of  establishments,  51;  capital  invested, 
$90,365;  number  of  hands  employed,  104;  amount  of  wages  per  year, 
$24,492;  value  of  materialsused,  $112, 157;  valueof  products,  $182,233. 

Indebtedness. — Bonded  debt,  $1,000;  floating  debt,  $3,800;  gross 
debt,  $4,800. 

Abstract  of  Taxable  Property  for  the  Year  18^. — Number  of  acres 
of  land,  458,858.63  ;  valuation,  $2,640,287;  number  of  town  lots, 
2,627;  vahiation,  $350,700;  moneys,  bonds  and  notes,  675,480;  insur- 
ance companies,  $4,727;  all  other  property,  $1,563,742;  total, 
$5,234,742. 

Taxes. — State  revenue  tax  at  1.5  per  cent,  $10,471.04;  State  in- 
terest tax  at  1.5  per  cent,  $10,471.05;  county  tax,  for  all  purposes, 
$5,482.37. 

Other  Statistics. — Number  of  horses,  12,283;  value  $435,648 
mules,  1,331;  value,  $49,398;  asses  and  jennets,  51;  value,  $3,085 
neat  cattle,  39,158:  value,  $515,221;  hogs,  41,369;  value,  $75,074 
sheep,  25,862;  value,  $21,494;  all  other  personal  property,  $986,067 
total  personal  property,  $20,859.82. 

Statement  of  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  county  from  May, 
1886  till  May,  1887: 

EXPENDITURE   FUND. 

Total  receipts $4,378  18 

Total  expenditures 3,959  01 

BRIDGE  FUND. 

Receipts $3,058  32 

Expenditures 603  31 

POOR  FUND. 

Receipts :   $2,995  37 

Expenditures 4,009  31 

SALARY  FUND. 

Receipts .¥4,778  34 

Expenditures 4.628  03 

JURY  AND  WITNESS  FUND. 

Receipts $2,148  09 

Expenditures 1,493  42 


252  HISTORY  OF  HARBISON  COUNTY. 

County  Officers — Circuit  Judges. — Austin  A.  King,  1846^S; 
George  W.  Dunn,  1859-62;  James  McFerran,  1862-72;  Jonas  J. 
Clark,  1872-78;  John  C.  Howell,  1878;  Charles  H.  Goodman. 

Representatives. — L.  D.  Thompson,  1846-50;  Stephen  C.  Allen, 
1850-52;  Elijah  Hubbard,  1852-54;  Henry  O.  Nevill,  1854-56;  Ste- 
phen C.  Allen,  1856-58;  James  M.  Nevill,  1858-60;  S.  C.  Allen, 
1860-62;  Samuel  Downey,  1862-68;  Thomas  D.  Neal,  1868-72; 
William  H.  Hillman,  1872-74;  James  B.  Brower,  1874-78;  Charles 
D.  Knight,  1878-80;  James  M.  Nevill,  1880-82;  George  Burris, 
1882-84;  A.  W.  Allen,  1884-86;  Nelson  Church,  1886,  present  incum- 
bent. 

Probate  Jwrfges.— William  G.  Lewis,  1853-57;  J.  H.  Phillebaum, 
1857-61;  D.  J.  Heaston,  1861-62;  Thornton  H.  Templeman.  1862- 
66;  Thomas  D.  Neal,  1866-68;  John  Wion,  1868-72;  William  P. 
Kobinson,  1872-78;  John  T.  Hendren,  for  a  few  months;  Joseph  F. 
Bryant,  1878-80;  James  R.  Cunningham,  1880  to  the  present  time. 

Circuit  and  County  Clerks. — Thomas  Flint,  1845-1846  (died  in 
office);  J.  S.  Allen,  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy  (served  about  six 
months);  John  W.  Brown,  1846-64.  In  the  latter  year  the  offices  of 
county  and  circuit  court  were  separated. 

Circuit  Clerks  since  1864. — John  W.  Brown,  1864—66;  George 
W.  Bradshaw,  1866-69  (died  before  the  expiration  of  his  term);  James 
C.  Baker  (by  appointment),  1869-70;  H.  J.  Skinner,  1870-82;  A.  D. 
Shipley,  1882  to  the  present  time. 

County  Clerks  since  1864. — Henry  O.  Bryant,  1864-66;  John 
Slinger,  1866-72,  died  in  office,  and  succeeded  by  William  C.  Heas- 
ton, who  served  by  appointment  from  1872  to  1874;  John  W.  Ken- 
yon,  1874-77;  W.  C.  Heaston,  1877-79;  W.  P.  Robinson,  1879,  pres- 
ent incumbent. 

Treasurers. — Henry  Fuller,  1845  (served  about  one  month);  David 

Buck,   1845-48;  John  S.   Allen,    1848 ;  C.  M.   Scott,   1856; 

M.  P.  Wills,  1856-60;  B.  T.  Whedbee,  1860-62;  James  Price,  1862- 
66;  Veazy  Price,  1866-68;  George  W.  Myers,  1868-72;  Alfred  N. 
Cave,  1872-74;  Simon  P.  King,  1874-84;  Oliver  C.  Macey,  1884  to 
the  present. 

Sheriffs.— John  W.  Brown,  1845-46;  Henry  Fuller,  1846-48; 
William  R.  Allen,  1848-52;  M.  K.  Howell,  1852-56;  John  P.  Devers, 
1856-60;  Thomas  Monson,  1860-62;  William  H.  Hillman,  1862-66; 
William  R.  Simms,  1866-70;  James  C.  Baker,  1870-72;  George  S. 
Graham.  1872-76;  T.  J.  GaiTison,  1876-78;  T.  J.  Barker,  1878-82; 
M.  S.  Gillidett,  1882-86;  W.  H.  H.  Gillespie,  present  incumbenfr, 
elected  in  1886. 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  253 

Justices  of  the  County  Court. — Samuel  Edmiston,  Asaph  M.  But- 
ler and  Lewis  Charlton  elected  at  organization  of  the  county,  and 
served  until  November,  1840.  The  second  board  was  composed  of 
Thomas  Dunkerson,  Stephen  C.  Allen  and  Elkannah  Glover,  elected 
in  1846;  John  W.  Casebolt,  Thomas  M.  Geer  and  Edmund  L.  Ellis 
were  elected  in  November,  1850.  In  1854  the  following  gentleman 
composed  the  court:  Thomas  M.  Geer,  James  M.  Edmiston  and  James 
H.  Piburn.  1850— J.  M.  Edmiston,  J.  M.  Nevill  and  E.  L.  Ellis. 
1858— John  E.  Roberts,  A.  W.  Allen  and  E.  L.  Ellis.  1860— J.  Wes- 
ley Brown,  A.  W.  Allen  and  E.  L.  Ellis.  1862— E.  L.  Ellis,  A.  W. 
Allen  and  John  A.  Brown.  1863— E.  L.  Ellis,  William  R.  Allen, 
William  Ganady  and  John  W.  Casebolt.  1865 — S.  S.  Vandevort, 
Alfred  Carpenter  and  William  Canady.  1866 — Alfred  Carpenter,  W. 
C.  Chapman,  J.  C.  Erisby  and  William  Officer.  1869 — A.  Carpenter, 
J.  C.  Frisby  and  W.  C.  Chapman.  Since  1869  various  changes  have 
taken  place  in  the  county  court,  and  it  will  be  almost  impossible  to 
name  the  officers  in  the  order  of  their  succession.  The  following  is  a 
list  as  nearly  as  the  names  could  be  learned:  Alfred  Carpenter,  W.  0. 
Chapman,  D.  D.  Bayes,  William  Chandler,  Joseph  F.  Bryant,  Milton 
Burris,  Franklin  R.  Quigley,  James  B.  Brower,  J.  R.  Bailey,  Will- 
iam L.  Magee,  George  Burris,  G.  W.  Young,  Jasper  A.  Gutridge, 
Green  Jeffries,  John  W.  Moore,  George  Reed,  Arthur  Graham, 
Joseph  H.  Baker,  Albert  Reeves,  Jury  Heffner,  Benjamin  H.  Parnell. 
The  court  at  this  time  is  composed  of  Albert  H.  Reeves,  presiding 
judge,  John  A.  DeLong  and  John  F.  Selhy. 

Votes  upon  Re-location  of  the  County  Seat. — As  already  stated  the 
early  settlements  of  Harrison  were  made  with  reference  to  timber  and 
water,  in  consequence  of  which  the  southern  and  central  parts  were 
first  sought  by  the  pioneers.  This,  and  the  fact  of  the  Missouri  and 
Iowa  boundary  line  being  a  matter  of  dispute  between  the  States  in 
1845,  indiiced  the  commissioners  to  locate  the  seat  of  justice  several 
miles  south  of  the  central  part  of  the  county. 

As  the  population  of  the  northern  part  of  the  county  increased, 
the  location  of  the  seat  of  justice  at  Bethany  did  not  meet  general 
approval,  and  as  early  as  1860  the  question  of  removal  of  the  same  to 
a  point  nearer  the  geographical  center  began  to  be  discussed.  No 
definite  action  was  taken  in  regard  to  the  matter,  however,  until  the 
year  1870,  at  which  time  a  petition  signed  by  a  large  number  of  citi- 
zens in  the  central  and  northern  parts  of  the  county  was  presented  to 
the  county  court,  praying  that  the  proposition  for  removal  be  submit- 
ted to  a  direct  vote  of  the  people.     In  accordance  with  the  law  relat- 


254  HISTORY    OF   HARRISON    COUNTY. 

ing  to  such  petitions  the  court  at  the  October  term,  1870,  entered  the 
following  order: 

Whereas,  It  appearing  to  the  county  court  within  and  for  Harrison  County 
in  the  State    of  Missouri  that  at  least   one-fourth  of  the  legal  voters  of  said 
county  have  this  day  submitted  a  petition  to  the  county  court  of  said  county  in 
words  and  figures  following,  to  wit: 
To  the  Honorable  County  Court  for  Harrison  County,  State  of  Missouri: 

We,  the  undersigned,  legal  voters  of  Harrison  County,  Slate  of  Missouri, 
respectfully  petition  your  honorable  body  for  a  removal  of  the  seat  of  justice 
of  said  county  from  Bethany,  in  said  county,  to  the  geographical  center  of 
said  count3',  and  for  an  order  submitting  a  proposition  for  such  removal  to  be 
voted  upon  b.y  the  voters  of  said  county  at  the  next  general  election,  to  be  held 
the  8th  day  of  November,  1870,  and  for  such  other  orders  and  proceedings  in  such 
case  as  the  law  directs. 

It  is  therefore  ordered  by  the  county  court  of  said  county  of  Harrison,  in 
the  State  of  Missouri,  that  at  the  next  general  election  in  said  county,  to  be  held 
on  Tuesday,  the  8th  day  of  November,  1870,  at  the  usual  places  of  voting  in 
said  county,  the  proposition  to  remove  the  seat  of  justice  of  said  county  of  Har- 
rison, from  the  city  of  Bethany,  in  said  count}',  to  the  geographical  center  of 
said  county,  the  place  named  in  the  petition,  be  submitted  to  the  qualified  voters 
of  said  county. 

Pending  the  election  the  friends  of  removal  put  forth  all  their 
efforts  in  behalf  of  the  measure,  while  those  opposed  made  a  deter- 
mined fight  to  keep  the  county  seat  at  the  original  location.  The 
election  was  held  in  November,  1870,  with  the  following  result  by 
townships : 

For  removal.    Against  removal. 

Union  Township  181  1 

Bethany  Township 39  346 

Cypress  Township 4  163 

Sugar  Creek  Township 0  160 

Trail  Creek  Township  93  56 

Madison  Township 125  13 

Clay  Township 116  3 

Marion  Township 1G8  180 

Lincoln  Township 54  5 

Washington  Township 43  3 

Dallas  Township 33  33 

White  Oak  Township 3  89 

Butler  Township 0  98 

Failing  to  obtain  the  necessary  two-thirds  majority  the  friends 
of  removal  were  reluctantly  compelled  to  acknowledge  their  defeat. 
The  destruction  of  the  courthouse  in  1873  served  to  revive  the 
controversy,  and  in  January,  1874,  a  large  meeting  was  held  at  Eagle- 
ville  to  take  measures  against  the  building  of  a  new  house  and  decide 
upon  a  location  for  a  new  county  seat.  A  committee  was  appointed  to 
circulate  petitions  asking  the  court  to  grant  another  vote  upon  the 
proposition,  and  in  the  meantime  subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  $3,000 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  255 

were  raised  to  help  defray  the  expense  of  erecting  the  necessary  pub- 
lic building,  provided  the  removal  was  effected.  A  site  for  a  county 
seat  was  decided  upon — the  town  of  Lorraine,  which  was  sur- 
veyed into  lots,  and  the  same  offered  gratuitously  to  any  persons  who 
would  erect  thereon  buildings  to  cost  at  least  $250.  To  counteract 
these  movements  the  citizens  of  Bethany  raised  by  subscription  the 
sum  of  about  $10,000  and  redoubled  their  diligence  to  secure  the 
rebuilding  of  the  courthouse. 

The  petition  asking  that  the  proposition  be  submitted  to  the  people 
of  the  county  was  signed  by  1,850  voters.  Accordingly  the  court 
ordered  an  election  to  be  held  on  Tuesday,  November  3,  1870.  The 
election  was  held  accordingly,  with  a  majority  in  favor  of  removal,  but 
not  the  requisite  two-thirds.  The  vote  was  as  follows :  For  removal, 
1,508;  against  removal,   1,159. 

Thus  the  matter  of  changing  the  seat  of  justice  was  effectually 
settled,  although  a  third  attempt  was  made  at  the  general  election  of 
1880,  at  which  time  LoiTaine  was  again  a  competitor.  The  vote 
that  year  stood  as  follows:  For  removal  1,310;  against  removal, 
2,347. 

COURTS  AND  BENCH  and  BAR. 

Circuit  Court. — Hon.  Austin  A.  King,  judge  of  the  tifth  judicial 
circuit  of  Missouri,  on  the  23d  of  April,  1846,  at  the  town  of 
Bethany,  organized  and  held  the  first  circuit  court  in  Harrison 
County.  There  were  present  upon  the  occasion  besides  his  Honor,  the 
Judge,  the  following  officials:  George  W.  Dunn,  circuit  attorney; 
John  W.  Brown,  sheriff,  and  John  S.  Allen,  deputy  clerk.  On  motion 
of  George  W.  Dunn,  Philip  L.  Edwards,  Charles  E.  Bowman,  George 
W.  Poage  and  Moses  Simonds,  all  being  duly  licensed  according  to 
law,  were  admitted  to  practice  as  counselors  and  attorneys  at  law  and 
solicitors  in  chancery.  The  first  business  was  the  return  of  a  State 
writ  of  venire  facias  by  the  sheriff,  executed  upon  Eli  McDaniel,  James 
Mitchell,  Jacob  A.  Brown,  Thomas  Dunkerson,  David  Harris,  Thomas 
Brown,  Samuel  Alley,  Lorenzo  D.  Thompson,  William  Hamblin, 
Heniy  Fuller,  Thomas  Hutchins,  Edward  L.  Ellis,  Elkanah  Glover, 
James  A.  Dale  and  Charles  L.  Jennings,  "fifteen  good  and  lawful 
men  of  the  county  of  Harrison  aforesaid,  as  a  grand  jury,  and  the 
said  Eli  McDaniel  as  foreman,  and  his  fellow  jurors,  aforesaid,  being 
duly  empowered,  sworn  and  charged  as  a  grand  jury  of  the  State  of 
Missouri  for  the  county  of  Harrison  aforesaid,  retired  to  consider  their 
presentments."  The  first  suit  filed  was  a  case  on  appeal  from  a 
justice  court,   in   what  was  then  North  Township,  William  Lauder- 


256  HISTORY    OF    HARKISOK    COUNTY. 

back  vs.  George  Williams.  Briefly  stated,  the  history  of  this  case  as 
tried  before  Henry  Fuller,  justice  of  the  peace,  is  as  follows:  It 
appears  that  the  said  George  Williams,  for  some  cause,  committed  the 
flagrant  act  of  killing  a  canine  belonging  to  the  said  Lauderback, 
whereupon  the  latter  brought  suit  for  damages,  trespass,  etc. ,  as 
shown  by  the  following  bill  of  complaint: 

George  Williams  to  William  Lauderback,  debt  and  damage  $2.5.00.  ten 
dollars  for  killing  one  dog,  and  ten  dollars  damage  for  killing  one  dog,  and  ten 
dollars  damage  for  killing  one  dog  and  wounding  one  other  dog  and  for  tres- 
passing on  my  property. 

William  Lauderback. 

The  above  bill  of  charges  was  filed  April  30,  1845,  and  on  the  13th 
day  of  the  succeeding  month  the  trial  took  place  before  a  jury  com- 
posed of  the  following  yeomen,  to  wit:  Abraham  Ensley,  Elkanah 
Glover,  Allen  Hubbard,  James  Eamey  and  Shepherd  Hunter.  The 
trial  excited  no  little  interest  in  the  community,  and  nearly  all  the 
citizens  of  the  neighborhood  were  subpoenaed  as  witnesses.  The 
defense  was  ably  conducted  by  Elder  John  S.  Allen,  but  despite  all 
his  efPorts  in  behalf  of  his  client,  the  plaintifp  by  solemn  oath  as  well 
as  by  the  testimony  of  several  reputable  witnesses,  established 
beyond  a  reasonable  doubt  the  ' '  good  character ' '  of  the  murdered 
canine,  besides  proving  the  killing  to  have  "been  without  just  cause 
or  provocation."  The  jury,  after  carefully  weighing  all  the  evidence 
of  the  case,  agreed  upon  the  following  decision: 

AVe  as  jurors  dew  fine  virdick  in  favor  of  the  plantif  five  dollers  dam- 
age and  costs.  A.  B.  Enslet,  Foreman. 

The  plaintiff,  feeling  aggrieved  by  this  verdict,  and  thinking  justice 
had  not  been  accorded  him  in  the  trial,  filed  the  following  appeal  to 
the  circuit  court: 

You  will  take  notis  that  I  have  taken  an  appeal  from  the  judgment  of  Henry 
Fuller,  Esq.,  obtained  against  me  in  your  favor  in  an  action  of  debt,  damage 
and  trespass,  on  the  13th  day  of  May,  184.5,  to  the  circuit  court  of  Harrison 
County,  to  be  held  on  Thursday  after  the  third  Monday  in  April,  184.5,  it  being 
the  23d  day  of  the  month. 

George  Williams,  Defendant. 
Charles  M.  Scott,  Security. 

In  the  circuit  court  the  plaintiff  filed  his  motion  to  dismiss  the 
appeal  on  account  of  the  insufficiency  of  the  security  for  the  appeal, 
which  was  overruled  by  the  judge.  ' '  The  defendant  files  his  motion 
to  dismiss  the  plaintiff's  suit,  which  motion  being  heard  by  the  court 
is  sustained. "  "  It  is  therefore  ordered  that  the  suit  be  dismissed, 
and  that  the  said  defendant  recover  of  the  said  plaintiff  his  cost,  as 


STATE    OF    MISSOUEI.  257 

well  iu  this  coui't  as  in  the  justice's  court  below  in  his  behalf  expended, 
and  that  he  have  execution  therefor." 

The  next  cases  on  docket  were  Ansel  Terry  vs.  Samson  Alley,  in 
"assumsit,"  and  James  R.  Timmons  and  John  D.  Timmons  t's.  Na- 
than Spencer,  ejectment,  the  former  continued,  and  the  latter  dis- 
missed at  cost  of  plaintiff.  The  grand  jury  returned  into  court  the 
following  indictments,  "endorsed  true  bills  and  signed  by  the  fore- 
man, to  wit:  The  State  of  Missouri  against  John  Murphey,  Jonas  Cas- 
ner,  Benjamin  Casner,  Charles  Hauk,  John  Taylor  and  Harvey  Taylor 
for  a  rout;"  also  the  State  against  Francis  Burrill  for  larceny.  John 
W.  Brown  presented  his  account  as  sheriff  for  $5. 50,  after  which,  there 
being  no  further  business,  the  court  adjourned  until  ' '  court  in  course. ' ' 

The  record  of  the  one  day's  proceedings,  including  the  opening  and 
adjourning,  orders  and  empaneling  of  the  grand  jury,  occuj^ies  only  a 
little  over  three  pages  of  the  record. 

The  grand  jury  for  the  October  term,  1846,  was  composed  of  the 
following  men:  Samuel  Edmiston,  Marshall  Howell,  Robert  Ford, 
Thomas  Daniel,  William  R.  Allen,  William  Long,  Andrew  M.  Cox, 
Thomas  Jennings,  Willis  Harper,  Abel  W^.  Allen,  Robert  Young, 
Lewis  Charlton,  Edward  Winkle,  Hampton  Cox  and  James  C.  Brown; 
Samuel  Edmiston,  foreman. 

The  first  trial  by  jury  at  this  term  was  the  State  of  Missouri  against 
Charles  Hauk,  indicted  at  the  previous  term  for  instigating  and  partic- 
ipating in  a  "  rout ' '  at  the  town  of  Bethany.  The  following  are  the 
names  of  the  jurors :  Thomas  Mitchell,  Samuel  Cox,  George  Williams, 
Joseph  Young,  George  Hamblin,  Stephen  C.  Allen,  John  Casebolt, 
Howell  Blaketer,  Joseph  J.  Arnold,  Thomas  Prewett  and  William 
Moler,  who  through  their  foreman,  S.  C.  Allen,  reported  the  following 
verdict:  "We,  the  jury,  find  the  defendant  guilty  as  charged,  and 
assess  his  fine  to  $5. "  "  It  is  therefore  ordered  that  the  plaintiff 
recover  the  fine  of  $5  aforesaid,  as  also  costs  in  this  behalf  expended, 
and  that  she  have  execution  therefor,  and  also  that  said  defendant 
stand  committed  until  fine  and  costs  are  paid;  being  in  court  he  is  put 
in  the  custody  of  the  sheriff." 

The  second  jury  trial  was  the  State  against  Francis  Burrill,  in- 
dicted for  larceny  at  the  previous  term  of  court.  The  following  gen- 
tlemen composed  this  jury:  Stephen  C.  Allen,  James  Fuller,  A. 
Thompson,  Samson  Alley,  Michael  Fleener,  Thomas  Tucker,  William 
N.  Ford,  Joseph  Young,  Richard  Young  and  Jesse  Vail.  The  ver- 
dict was   ' '  We,  the  jury,  find  in  Faviour  of  the  defendant. ' ' 

The  grand  jury  at  this  term  returned  indictments  against  the  fol- 


258  HI8T0KY    OF   HARRISON    COUNTY. 

lowing  persons:  Simon  Burgin,  for  peddling  clocks  without  license; 
John  Hall,  for  assault  with  intent  to  commit  manslaiighter;  John  Vail, 
selling  liqnor  without  license;  Francis  B.  Miller,  John  A.  Scott  and 
Alleu  Scott,  for  trading  with  the  Indians. 

The  case  of  Ansel  Terry  fs.  Samson  Alley,  continued  from  the 
first  term,  was  disposed  of  b}'  the  court  in  favor  of  the  plaintiflF,  and 
damages  assessed  to  the  amount  of  $181. 

At  the  March  term,  1847,  the  following  attorneys  and  counselors 
were  admitted  to  practice  in  the  coui-ts  of  HaiTison  County:  Philip 
L.  Edwards,  Volney  E.  Bragg  and  Thomas  L.  Frame. 

The  following  served  as  grand  jui'ors  at  this  term :  Asaph  M.  But- 
ler, foreman;  Reuben  D.  Tilley,  Thomas  Taylor,  "William  Oxford, 
John  Oatman,  George  Noah,  Jeremiah  S.  Young,  William  M.  Selby, 
Elijah  Fleming,  Matthew  Franklin,  Joseph  Young,  Norvall  Allcock, 
Isaac  Hamer,  Eli  Salmon,  Major  Daniel  and  William  C.  Atkinson. 
They  returned  indictments  against  Hill  Wortman  and  Lewis  Hunt  for 
"killing,"  and  against  Josiah  Spurgin  for  "miu'der."  The  latter 
case  occasioned  a  great  deal  of  interest,  being  the  first  event  of  a  san- 
guinary nature  that  took  place  in  the  county.  [See  article  on  crimes 
etc.] 

Simon  Burgin,  indicted  for  peddling  clocks  without  license,  was 
tried  at  this  term,  and  fined  the  sum  of  $50,  which  was  subsequently 
commuted  to  one  day's  imprisonment  and  the  costs  of  the  suit. 
Several  other  cases  of  a  minor  nature  were  disposed  of  at  this  term, 
and  the  record  also  shows  that  Nathan  Spencer  and  Cornelius  Mur- 
phey  were  each  fined  $5  for  contempt  of  court.  The  grand  jury  at  the 
September  term,  1847,  was  made  up  of  the  following  citizens :  Charles 
L.  Jennings,  David  Garton,  Andrew  J.  Smith,  Thomas  Tucker,  Chris- 
topher Bussing,  Robert  Bullington,  John  Jones,  Jonathan  Booth, 
William  W.  Harper,  James  Ramey,  Kader  Madden,  George  Williams, 
William  H.  Bender,  Thomas  M.  Geer,  William  Hunter  and  Benjamin 
Ashley.  There  were  quite  a  number  of  indictments  at  this  term, 
among  which  were  the  following:  against  Richard  Wills,  James  John 
son,  Travis  Johnson,  William  Johnson  and  Jeremiah  Spurgeon  "for 
disturbing  the  peace  of  a  family  in  the  night;"  against  Richard  Wells 
"  for  felonious  assault;"  William  Cummins,  for  aiding  the  escape  of 
a  prisoner;  James  Johnson  and  Travis  Johnson  each  for  assault. 

At  the  May  term,  1848,  the  following  grand  jurors  were  empaneled: 
J.  C.  Brown,  David  Buck,  Samuel  Alley,  William  C.  Allen,  Aaron 
England,  George  W.  Noah,  Shepherd  Hulse,  L.  W.  H.  Cox,  Eli  Mc- 
Daniel,  Matthew  L.   Franklin,  William  Mitchell,  Thomas  Brown,  E. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  259 

L.  Ellis,  James  Mitchell  and  Samuel  O.  Jennings.  Indictments  were 
returned  by  them  against  Elijah  Williams  for  trespassing  on  school 
lands;  Elisha  Meeker  for  unlawfully  taking  up  strays:  Lewis  Hunt, 
Armstead  Pait,  Francis  Buirill  and  John  "VV.  Casebolt,  each  for 
betting. 

The  first  suit  for  divorce  was  tried  at  the  March  term,  1850,  at 
which  time  Benjamin  Mitchell  was  released  fi'om  the  bonds  which 
bound  him  and  his  wife,  Nancy  Mitchell.  The  next  case  of  the  same 
kind  was  Joel  H.  Worthington  vs.  Sarah  Worthington,  heard  at  the 
March  term,  1854.  "Willis  Harper  was  granted  a  legal  separation 
from  his  wife,  Ellen  Harper,  at  the  same  term. 

•  The  first  foreigner  naturalized  in  Harrison  County  was  William 
Hall,  a  native  of  England,  who  came  to  the  United  States  in  1848,  and 
to  Missouri  in  1851.  He  renounced  his  allegiance  to  his  native  country, 
and  became  a  citizen  of  the  American  Republic  at  the  March  term  of 
the  Harrison  circuit  court,  1853. 

Probate  Court. — The  probate  court  of  Han'ison  County  was  estab- 
lished November  7,  1853,  Hon.  William  G.  Lewis,  judge.  Prior  to 
that  time,  all  probate  business  was  disposed  of  in  the  county  court. 
The  first  proceedings  of  the  court  after  its  organization  were  in  the 
case  of  Anna  Endsley  vs.  Gibson  Endsley,  administrator  of  Samuel 
Endsley,  deceased.  These  proceedings  as  shown  by  the  record  were  as 
follows : 

Now  at  this  day  comes  the  parties  by  their  attorneys,  and  the  said  plaiuliff 
makes  application  to  the  court  as  the  widow  of  Samuel  Endsley,  deceased,  for 
an  order  compelling  said  administrator  to  pay  her  as  such  widow,  the  money 
allowed  her  by  law  in  lieu  of  personal  propert3''allowed  to  her  at  the  appraised 
value  of  |200.  Whereupon  the  court  after  hearing  the  allegations  and  proofs  of 
the  said  parties,  orders  that  Gibson  Endsley,  administrator  of  the  estate  of 
Samuel  Endsley,  deceased,  pay  to  Anna  Endsley,  widow  of  said  deceased,  the 
sum  of  $89,9.5.  when  collected,  that  being  the  amount  of  said  sales  of  the  personal 
property  of  said  deceased. 

Following  the  above  upon  the  record  appears  an  application  of 
Jacob  Oxford,  administrator  of  the  estate  of  William  Oxford,  deceased, 
for  permission  to  sell  personal  property,  etc.,  at  private  sale,  "  and  the 
court  being  satisfied  that  such  sale  will  not  be  prejudicial  to  persons 
interested  in  said  estate,  orders  that  the  administrator  sell  at  private 
sale  all  property  of  said  estate  at  such  time  as  he  may  see  fit  and  prop- 
er."  The  next  business  was  the  allowing  of  a  note  of  $45. 21  against  the 
estate  of  Aaron  England,  in  favor  of  Benjamin  C.  Powell  and  Jonathan 
Levy,  together  with  interest  upon  the  same  and  costs  of  allowance. 
William  G.  Lewis  served  as  probate  judge  until  1857,  at  which  time 
J.  H.  Phillibaum  was  elected  to  the  position.     His  successor  was  D.  J. 


^60  HISTORY   OF   HAEEISON   COUNTY. 

HeastoQ,  whose  term  of  service  expired  in  1862.  The  names  of  other 
judges  of  the  court  will  be  found  in  the  official  directory,  on  another 
page. 

Bench  and  Bar.  — As  already  noted,  the  first  term  of  the  Harrison 
County  circuit  court  was  held  on  the  23d  of  AprU.  1846,  by  Hon. 
Austin  A.  King,  judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  circuit  of  Missouri.  The 
eminent  character  of  Judge  King  requires  more  than  a  passing  men- 
tion; in  fact  a  sketch  of  the  early  courts  and  bar  of  Harrison  County 
would  be  incomplete  without  an  extended  notice  of  him  and  his  many 
public  services.  As  a  lawyer  and  judge  he  has  left  a  record  that  time 
can  not  efface,  and  it  is  but  fitting  that  ample  mention  be  made  of 
him  in  connection  with  the  bench  and  bar  of  Han-ison  County.  Judge 
King  was  a  native  of  East  Tennessee,  and  came  to  Missouri  in  1828, 
locating  in  Columbia,  Boone  County,  where  he  began  the  practice  of 
the  legal  profession.  He  soon  took  high  rank  among  the  ablest  law- 
yers of  that  part  of  the  State,  and  entering  politics  was  elected  repre- 
sentative in  the  Legislature  of  Missouri  about  the  year  1836.  He 
became  a  prominent  leader  of  the  Democratic  party  while  a  resident 
of  Boone  County,  and,  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  in  the  Legislature, 
was  appointed  by  the  Governor  judge  of  the  fifth  judicial  circuit,  the 
duties  of  which  position  he  discharged  in  an  eminently  creditable 
manner  until  the  fall  of  1848.  In  1837  he  moved  to  Ray  County, 
where  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1870.  He  possessed  a  strong, 
vigorous  intellect,  was  well  read  in  the  elementary  principles  of  the 
law,  and  familiar  with  the  leading  adjudicated  cases  of  his  time.  He 
was  industrious  and  indefatigable,  and  had  a  strong  love  of  justice 
and  right.  As  a  judge  he  enjoyed  the  confidence  and  esteem  not  only 
of  the  bar  but  of  the  people  of  the  circuit.  In  1848  he  became  his 
party's  candidate  for  Governor,  and  after  an  exciting  campaign  was 
elected  by  a  larger  majority  than  any  man  had  previously  received  for 
that  office.  His  administration  was  eminently  satisfactory,  though 
marked  by  a  peculiarly  strong  period  in  the  political  history  of  the 
State.  At  the  close  of  his  term  he  resumed  the  practice  in  his  old 
circuit,  and  as  long  as  he  continued  in  the  profession  enjoyed  a  large 
and  lucrative  business.  In  1864  he  was  elected  representative  in  the 
United  States  Congress,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  deliberations  of 
that  body.  He  was  a  man  of  strong,  political  views,  an  ardent  parti- 
san, but  all  conceded  his  integrity,  fairness  and  great  ability.  He 
was  a  logical  speaker,  close  reasoner,  and  rarely  failed  to  convince 
either  court  or  jury  of  the  correctness  of  his  views  and  the  rightful 
claims  of  his  case,  whether  civil  or  criminal.  He  held  court  in  Harri- 
son County  from  1846  until  the  fall  term  of  1848. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  261 

The  successor  of  Judge  Kiug  was  Hon.  George  W.  Dunn,  of  Ray 
County,  who  came  upon  the  bench  of  the  fifth  judicial  circuit  in  the 
fall  of  1848.  He  held  court  for  the  first  time  in  Harrison  County  at 
the  March  term,  1849,  and  is  remembered  as  a  profound  lawyer,  and 
a  most  excellent  judge,  being  popular  alike  with  members  of  the  bar 
and  litigants.  Prior  to  his  election  to  the  judgeship  Mr.  Dunn  had 
served  as  circuit  attorney,  and  made  a  record  while  in  that  office  which 
placed  him  high  among  the  successful  practitioners  of  Northern  Mis- 
soui'i.  As  a  judge  he  was  methodical  in  the  transaction  of  all  court 
business,  clear  and  pointed  in  the  enunciation  of  his  decisions,  but 
few  of  which  ever  justified  reversal  at  the  hands  of  the  supreme  court. 
He  served  as  judge  from  1849  until  1859,  retiring  from  the  office  the 
latter  year,  and  resiiming  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Ray  County, 
where  he  still  resides. 

Following  Judge  Dunn  came  Hon.  James  McFerran,  who  was 
elected  in  the  fall  of  1859.  Mr.  McFerran  was  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  an  early  resident  of  Daviess  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  prac- 
ticed the  legal  profession  a  number  of  years  before  his  election  to  the 
judgeship.  While  not  so  profound  in  the  principles  of  law  as  his 
predecessor,  he,  nevertheless,  possessed  a  strong  legal  mind,  and  his 
judicial  service  was  eminently  satisfactory  to  all  who  had  business  to 
transact  while  he  occupied  the  bench.  Firm  and  conscientious  he  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  his  position  with  impartiality,  and  always  com- 
manded the  respect  of  those  who  honestly  differed  with  him  politically 
or  otherwise.  In  his  public  acts  a  sense  of  duty  accompanied  him, 
and  disregarding  all  selfish  and  personal  considerations  he  unflinch- 
ingly obeyed  its  behests.  In  the  summer  of  1862,  when  the  dark  war 
cloud  obscured  the  horizon,  he  stood  prominent  among  the  fi'iends  of 
the  Union,  and  entering  the  army  as  colonel  did  gallant  service  for 
the  National  cause. 

Hon.  Jonas  J.  Clark,  the  foiu'th  judge  in  order  of  succession,  as  such 
came  td  the  bench  in  the  fall  of  1863.  He  was  a  resident  of  Chilli- 
cothe,  where  for  some  years  before  his  election  to  the  bench  he  was 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  Judge  Clark  possessed  a 
discriminating  mind,  was  well  posted  in  the  subtleties  of  jurispru- 
dence, but  is  said  to  have  been  somewhat  dilatory  in  the  transaction 
of  court  business.  He  was  also  a  man  of  some  eccentricities  and 
strong  political  bias,  facts  which  made  him  unpopular  with  a  certain 
class  of  lawyers  and  litigants.  His  record  while  on  the  bench  was 
quite  creditable,  and  no  one  ever  called  in  question  his  honor  and  rec- 
titude.    He  was  judge  fi'om  1863  until  the  fall  of  1871. 


262  HISTOEY    OF    HARBISON   COUNTY. 

Samuel  A.  Eichardson,  of  Gallatin,  Daviess  County,  was  elected 
to  the  judgeship  in  1872,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  the  position  in 
a  manner  highly  satisfactory  to  all  concerned  until  1880.  He  came  to 
the  bench  fortified  with  the  experience  of  a  long  and  varied  practice, 
and  soon  earned  the  reputation  of  an  energetic  and  impartial  judge, 
possessing  courage  to  act  as  duty  prompted  and  as  his  reason  guided. 
His  natural  abilities  were  of  a  high  order,  his  knowledge  of  the  pro- 
fession was  profound,  while  his  reputation  for  candor  and  honesty, 
coupled  with  a  clear  sense  of  justice,  won  for  him  a  name  and  fame 
untarnished  by  a  single  unworthy  act.  He  was  an  excellent  lawyer  in 
all  branches  of  the  profession,  but  excelled,  perhaps,  in  criminal  prac- 
tice, being  a  strong  and  forcible  advocate  before  a  jury.  As  judge  he 
was  accommodating  and  generous,  but  withal,  expeditious  in  the 
transaction  of  business,  and  firm  in  his  treatment  of  criminals  whose 
guilt  justifibd  a  conviction.  He  was  also  strict  in  maintaining  the 
dignity  of  the  coiu-t,  and  by  his  action  in  this  respect  incurred  the  ill 
will  of  certain  persons  who  entertained  but  slight  regard  for  the 
' '  august ' '  proceedings  of  a  temple  of  justice. 

At  the  expiration  of  his  official  term  ho  resumed  the  practice,  and 
C9ntinued  it  with  success  iintil  his  death,  which  oceiuTed  in  ISSi  at 
Gallatin. 

Conspicuous  among  the  distinguished  members  of  the  Harrison 
County  bar  was  John  C.  Howell,  the  immediate  successor  of  Judge 
Eichardson,  elected  to  the  bench  in  1880.  Mr.  Howell  was  educated 
at  Bethany  College,  West  Virginia,  and  early  prepared  himself  for  the 
ministry,  but,  aside  from  preaching  for  a  limited  period,  never  entered 
upon  the  active  duties  of  that  calling.  He  came  to  Bethany  fi-om 
Gentry  County,  Mo.,  about  the  year  1863,  and  for  some  time  there- 
after was  prominently  identified  -n-ith  the  educational  interests  of  the 
city  as  principal  of  the  high  school.  He  subsequently  began  the  study 
of  law  with  D.  J.  Heaston,  under  whose  instruction  he  continued  until 
becoming  familiar  with  the  principles  of  the  profession,  when  he 
entered  iipon  the  active  practice  of  the  same  in  the  courts  of  Harrison 
and  adjoining  counties.  He  at  once  took  high  rank  among  his  pro- 
fessional brethren  of  the  Bethany  bar,  and  during  his  period  of  prac- 
tice earned  the  reputation  of  an  excellent  judge  of  the  law,  a  safe  coun- 
selor, and  a  faithful  and  conscientious  attorney.  He  was  a  brilliant 
speaker,  and  especially  powerful  before  a  jury,  and  in  criminal  cases 
had  few  equals  at  the  Harrison  County  bar.  Strength  of  mind  and 
purity  of  purpose  were  his  leading  traits.  In  his  profession  these 
made  him  popular  with  the  people,  and  in  the  confidence  and  esteem 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  263 

of  his  professional  associates  no&e  occupied  a  more  prominent  place. 
In  that  branch  of  tlie  law  practice  that  sometimes  requires  scheming 
and  cunning  diplomacy,  he  was  neither  great  or  successful;  a  proof 
that  his  nature  was  faithful  and  just,  and  that  the  integrity  of  his 
mind  was  better  adapted  to  the  equity  of  courts. 

As  a  judge  Mr.  Howell  will  long  be  remembered  as  one  of  the 
most  painstaking  and  conscientious  men  who  ever  occupied  the  bench, 
and  as  a  citizen  and  refined  Christian  gentleman  his  name  will  lose 
none  of  its  luster  in  the  years  to  come.  He  died  before  the  expiration 
of  his  official  term,  in  1882. 

Charles  H.  S.  Goodman,  of  Albany,  Mo.,  the  present  incumbent, 
was  appointed  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Judge  Howell,  and  at 
the  ensuing  election  was  chosen  to  the  position  by  the  voice  of  the 
people.  Judge  Goodman  possesses  fine  legal  abilities,  and  has  already 
gained  an  enviable  repiitation  for  the  incorruptibility  that  insures 
pvu'ity  and  justice  in  the  administration  of  the  law.  His  judgments  are 
distinctly  marked  with  impartiality  and  even-handed  justice,  and  but 
few  of  his  decisions  have  met  with  reversal  at  the  hands  of  the  higher 
court.  He  is  popular  both  with  attorneys  and  litigants,  expeditious 
in  the  transaction  of  business,  and,  by  his  demeanor,  impresses  upon 
all  the  dignity  of  the  court. 

Attorneys. — The  early  judiciary  of  Missouri  was  marked  as  fiir- 
nishing  a  high  order  of  talent,  in  fact  as  large-minded  men  as  are  to 
be  foiind  in  the  early  political  history  of  the  State.  Many  of  these 
early  jurists  will  take  their  place  in  history  as  among  the  country's 
best  men.  They  mingled  with  the  people,  assisting,  advising  and 
counseling  them  for  their  own  good  and  benefit.  They  forecast  and 
laid  well  the  superstructure  of  the  civil  polity  of  the  State,  and  in 
looking  into  the  imperfect  record  of  their  lives,  the  student  of  history 
it  impressed  with  the  fact  that  here  indeed  was  Missouri  favoVed  and 
fortiinate. 

At  the  time  of  the  organization  of  Harrison  County  there  were  no 
resident  lawyers  here.  The  legal  machinery  had  all  been  put  in  work- 
ing order,  and  set  in  motion  by  the  time  the  legal  "  circuit  riders  " 
came  to  gladden  the  hearts  of  the  people  with  their  dignified  and 
august  presence.  At  the  first  term  of  the  circuit  court  Philip  L. 
Edwards,  Charles  E.  Bowman,  George  W.  Poage  and  Moses  Simonds 
were  licensed  ' '  to  practice  as  counselors  and  attorneys  at  law  and 
solicitors  in  chancery,"  and  at  the  March  term,  1847,  Philip  L.  Ed- 
wards, Volney  E.  Bragg  and  Thomas  L.  Frame  were  formally  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  of  Harrison  County.     Of  the  abdve  attorneys  but  little 


264  HISTOEY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

is  now  known,  and  it  does  not  appear  that  they  ever  achieved  any 
prominence  as  practitioners  in  this  county. 

William  G.  Lewis,  one  of  the  pioneer  lawyers  of  Harrison  County 
and  the  first  resident  attornej'  of  Bethany,  was  a  native  of  Greenbrier 
County,  Va. ,  born  on  the  9th  of  December,  1826.  In  1833  he  moved 
with  his  father  to  Indiana,  and  in  1850  came  to  Missouri,  and  the  year 
following  began  the  practice  of  the  legal  profession  at  Bethany,  Har- 
rison County.  lu  many  respects  Mr.  Lewis  was  a  noted  man.  He 
was  a  landmark  in  the  times  in  which  he  lived,  and  few  possessed 
more  noble  and  generous  qualities.  He  was  well  read  in  the  princi- 
ples of  law,  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  details  and  technicalities  of 
the  practice,  and  rapidly  gained  a  lucrative  business,  which  steadily 
increased  until  the  time  of  his  death.  A  high  character  for  personal 
and  professional  integrity  distinguished  his  life  and  marked  his  career 
as  a  safe  and  reliable  counselor,  an  able  lawyer  and  a  polished  Chris- 
tian gentleman.  Mr.  Lewis  was  widely  and  favorably  known  through- 
out Harrison  and  neighboring  counties,  and  into  his  hands  was 
intrusted  the  greater  part  of  the  legal  business  of  the  county  during 
the  first  few  years  of  his  practice.  As  a  judge  of  the  law  he  had  few 
if  any  equals  at  the  county  bar,  and  as  a  practitioner  was  a  model  of 
professional  decorum.  As  a  speaker  he  was  clear,  calm  and  concise, 
never  eloquent  or  ornate,  in  fact  did  not  excel  in  the  art  of  popular 
oratory.  He  was  essentially  a  general  practitioner,  and  as  such 
ranked  with  the  most  successful  lawyers  of  this  part  of  Missouri.  He 
was  elected  probate  judge  in  1853,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until 
1857,  and  from  1859  until  1862  was  circuit  attorney  of  the  Seventeenth 
Judicial  District.  In  matters  of  religion  Mr.  Lewis  took  an  active 
interest,  and  was  the  chief  promoter  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Bethany  and  one  of  its  ruling  elders.  It  is  said  that 
after  giving  legal  advice  in  his  office,  which  was  generally  safe,  he 
would  introduce  the  subject  of  religion,  present  its  claims,  and  advise 
men  to  become  religious.  The  death  of  this  excellent  man  occuiTed 
on  the  18th  of  February,  1869.  Appropriate  resolutions  were  pre- 
sented by  the  Bethany  bar  upon  the  occasion,  among  which  were  the 
following: 

■Where.^s,  in  the  dispensation  of  an  all-wise  and  beneficent  Providence,  Will- 
iam G.  Lewis,  an  lionored  member  of  our  bar,  has  recently  been  stricken  down 
in  the  prime  of  manhood  by  the  ruthless  hand  of  death;  therefore 

Re.mlred,  That  in  his  death  we  recognize  the  loss  of  a  member  whose  char- 
acter for  lejial  attainments,  for  prol)!!}',  for  large  benevolence  and  phihinthropy, 
for  purity  of  life  and  piety,  made  him  an  ornament  to  our  profession. 

Uesoked,  That  his  courtesy,  strict  moral  integrity,  and  many  other  virtues 
as  a  lawyer  and  a  man,  are  well  worthy  of  imitation. 


STATE    OF    MISSODKI.  265 

Resolved,  That  we  take  pride  in  his  cliaracter  as  an  indefatigable  proof  that 
the  successful  practice  of  our  profession  is  not  inconsistent  with  honesty  and 
purity  of  life. 

John  R.  Morledge  was  an  early  practitioner  of  the  Harrison 
County  bar,  but  of  his  legal  attainments  and  professional  ability  but 
little  is  now  known.  He  came  to  Bethany  about  1857,  and  after 
remaining  a  few  years  went  to  Bedford,  Iowa.  He  appears  to  have 
been  fairly  successful,  but  did  not  gain  much  of  a  reputation  on 
account  of  there  being  comparatively  little  legal  business  among  the 
honest  yeomanry  of  the  land  in  those  days. 

H.  P.  Edmiston,  an  early  settler  of  the  county,  read  law  in  the 
office  of  William  G.  Lewis,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  about  the 
year  1856  or  1857.  He  was  a  young  man  of  good  ability,  and  had  he 
lived  would  doubtless  have  made  an  honorable  record  in  the  profes- 
sion.    He  died  about  one  year  after  engaging  in  the  practice. 

John  H.  Phillibaum  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  among  the  early 
comers  to  Harrison  County.  Having  early  determined  to  make  the 
legal  profession  his  life  work,  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  the  same 
under  the  instruction  of  William  G.  Lewis,  and  aboiit  the  year  1858 
was  licensed  to  practice.  In  the  meantime  (1857)  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  probate  court,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until  1861. 
He  gained  only  a  nominal  legal  practice,  and  for  some  years  made  a 
specialty  of  the  real  estate  and  abstract  business,  in  which  he  was 
fairly  successful.      His  death  occurred  in  Bethany  a  few  years  ago. 

Orrin  Lee  Abbott  came  to  Bethany  from  Ohio  about  the  year  1857, 
and  a  short  time  thereafter  began  the  practice  of  the  legal  profession 
in  Harrison  County.  He  had  a  fair  knowledge  of  legal  jurisprudence, 
possessed  the  tact  of  expressing  himself  forcibly  before  a  jury,  and 
diu'ing  his  nine  years'  practice  succeeded  in  building  up  a  fairly  suc- 
cessful business.      He  went  to  California  about  the  year  1865. 

Thomas  J.  Brady  came  to  Bethany  in  August,  1859,  and  practiced 
law  in  this  county  about  one  year.  Shortly  after  coming  to  Bethany 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  D.  J.  Heaston  under  the  firm  name  of 
Heaston  &  Brady.  He  was  then  a  young  man  of  more  than  ordinary 
ability,  and  gave  promise  of  becoming  an  eminent  lawyer.  His  sub- 
sequent reputation  requires  more  than  a  passing  notice.  He 
was  born  in  Delaware  County,  Ind.,  about  the  year  1836.  In  1855 
he  entered  Asbury  University  at  Greeneastle,  Ind.,  where  he  was 
a  classmate  with  D.  J.  Heaston.  After  leaving  college  these  young 
men  went  west,  and  accidentally  met  at  Bethany,  where  they  formed 
a  partnership,  as  above  stated.      Mr.    Brady  being  of  a  restless  dis- 


266  HISTORY    OF    HAEEISON    COUNTY. 

position  did  not  remain  at  Bethany  quite  a  year,  when  he  returned 
to  Indiana.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  entered  the  army,  and 
was  made  colonel.  After  the  war  he  entered  jovu-nalism,  and  for 
several  years  published  a  paper  at  Muncie,  Ind.,  displaying  consider- 
able ability  as  an  editor  and  politician.  He  was  made  chairman  of  the 
State  Republican  Committee  in  Indiana,  and  in  1876  was  one  of  the 
"  visiting  statesmen  "  to  Florida.  During  Grant's  administration 
he  was  minister  to  San  Domingo,  and  under  Hayes  he  was  made 
second  assistant  postmaster-general.  It  was  under  his  management 
that  the  vast  frauds  in  reference  to  the  ' '  Star  Route  Mail  Service ' '  in 
the  west  grew  to  such  proportions.  Mr.  Brady,  Mr.  Dorsey  and 
several  others  were  indicted  in  the  United  States  court  at  Washington 
for  fraudulent  practices,  but  after  a  long  and  celebrated  trial  they 
were  acquitted  by  a  juiy.  It  was  reported  that  Brady  had  accumu- 
lated great  wealth,  at  one  time  being  reported  worth  $1,000,000;  this 
was  no  doubt  greatly  exaggerated,  but  whatever  means  he  had  were 
nearly  all  exhausted  in  the  trials  he  had  to  defend,  and  it  is  now 
stated  that  he  has  but  little  means  left. 

William  F.  Miller  came  from  Livingston  County,  Mo.,  about  the 
year  1859,  and  was  engaged  in  the  practice  at  Bethany  about  two 
years.  He  had  formerly  practiced  in  Livingston  County,  and  after 
locating  in  Bethany  made  real  estate  and  land  litigation  a  specialty. 
He  entered  the  Confederate  service  in  1801,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
war  returned  to  his  former  county,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession . 

John  Wyatt,  a  partner  with  Mr.  Miller,  came  to  Bethany  about 
1859,  and  soon  succeeded  in  working  up  a  lucrative  business,  esf)ecially 
in  the  criminal  practice.  He  possessed  more  than  average  legal  abili- 
ties, and  but  for  failing  health  would  doubtless  have  made  a  credita- 
ble record  in  the  profession.  In  1860  he  was  elected  school  commis- 
sioner of  Harrison  County,  and  the  following  year  abandoned  the 
legal  business  and  went  back  to  Livingston  County. 

George  W.  El  well  was  an  early  resident  of  Bethany,  but  did 
not  read  law  until  after  the  close  of  the  war.  He  came  to  the  county 
as  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and  in  18G1  entered  the  army 
as  captain.  After  his  admission  to  the  bar  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  State  Senate,  in  the  deliberations  of  which  body  he  took  an 
active  part.  He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  under  many 
favorable  circumstances,  and  was  a  young  man  of  good  character  and 
much  more  than  ordinary  intelligence  and  legal  ability.  Failing  health 
compelled  him  to  abandon  the  practice.  His  death  occurred  about 
the  year  1869  or  1870. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  267 

Thomas  D.  Neal.  The  name  of  but  few  men,  living  or  dead, 
will  excite  in  the  people  of  Bethany  and  Harrison  County  a  more 
pleasant  remembrance  than  that  of  T.  D.  Neal.  He  was  a  native  of 
Kentucky,  came  to  Harrison  County  a  short  time  prior  to  the  late  Civil 
War.  and  for  some  years  followed  the  profession  of  school  teaching. 
In  1861  he  entered  the  Federal  army  as  a  member  of  Merrill's  cele- 
brated cavah-y  regiment,  and,  after  serving  with  distinction  through- 
out the  entire  struggle,  returned  to  Bethany,  and  entered  the  tield  of 
journalism  as  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Bethany  Tribune,  the 
Republican  organ  of  Harrison  County.  He  was  a  trenchant  writer, 
an  able  politician  and  decided  partisan,  and  soon  became  the 
acknowledged  leader  of  his  party  in  Harrison.  In  about  the  year 
1866  he  began  the  study  of  law,  in  the  office  of  D.  S.  Alvord,  and 
after  his  admission  to  the  bar  effected  a  copartnership  with  his  pre- 
ceptor, which  was  continued  for  some  time.  He  was  elected  probate 
judge  in  1866,  served  in  the  Legislature  from  1868  to  1872,  and  filled 
the  office  of  prosecuting  attorney  for  four  years.  Mr.  Neal  was  a 
good  lawyer  in  all  branches  of  the  profession,  and  was  especially  apt 
in  the  management  of  cases  before  a  jury.  He  was  also  a  fine  special 
pleader,  quick  to  detect  faults  in  the  pleading  of  opposing  counsel, 
and  his  familiarity  with  legal  technicalities  won  for  him  an  extensive 
and  lucrative  practice.  While  he  ranked  well  among  the  lavsryers  of 
the  Bethany  bar,  it  was  as  a  politician  and  party  leader  that  he  will 
be  remembered  by  the  people  of  Harrison  County.  He  died  at  his 
home  in  Bethany  in  1883. 

James  McCollum,  a  native  of  Harrison  County,  and  son  of 
one  of  its  oldest  and  most  reliable  citizens,  read  law  in  the  office  of 
Judge  John  C.  Howell,  and  was  licensed  to  practice  about  the  year 
1868  or  1869.  He  was  a  young  man  of  studious  habits,  possessed 
good  legal  ability,  and  for  a  period  of  five  or  six  years  did  a  general 
practice  in  the  courts  of  Harrison  and  other  counties.  He  went  to 
Joplin,  Mo. ,  several  years  ago,  and  subsequently  located  in  Kansas 
City,   where  he  now  resides  in  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

Andrew  Fawcett  read  law  in  his  native  State  (New  York),  and  in 
1870  came  to  Bethany  and  effected  a  partnership  in  the  practice  with 
D.  S.  Alvord.  Mr.  Fawcett  had  a  profound  knowledge  of  legal 
science,  and  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  real  estate  and  land  litigation 
was  consulted  as  an  authority.  He  was  an  excellent  office  lawyer, 
careful  and  methodical  in  the  preparation  of  all  legal  papers,  and  the 
confidence  reposed  in  his  judgment  was  never  misplaced.  His  supe- 
rior qualifications  to  become  distinguished  in  professional  life  were 


268  HISTORY    OF    HAERISON    COUNTY. 

impaired  somewhat  by  his  modesty,  which  rendered  him  averse  to 
anything  like  demonstration  in  his  profession.  He  led  a  singulai'ly 
pui'e  and  honorable  life,  and  died  unusually  esteemed  and  beloved  by 
all  who  knew  him  in  September,  1879. 

J.  Frank  Ward  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  but  came  to  Harrison 
County  in  1877  from  Kansas,  in  which  State  he  had  formerly 
figured  as  a  local  politician.  His  legal  attainments  were  average,  but 
not  being  aggressive  he  failed  to  secure  a  remunerative  practice,  his 
business  having  been  confined  principally  to  justice  comis.  He  pub- 
lished a  small  local  paper  at  Eagleville  for  some  time,  and  in  1885 
retui'ned  to  Kansas,  where  he  now  resides. 

Oscar  Butler,  son  of  Judge  Asaph  M.  Butler,  was  born  and  raised 
in  HaiTison  County.  He  commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Thomas 
D.  Neal,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1878,  and  after  practicing  two 
years  entered  into  partnership  with  D.  J.  Heaston,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Heaston  &  Butler.  He  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  in 
1884,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  that  office  in  a  manner  that  elicited 
praise  from  the  older  and  more  experienced  members  of  the  bar.  Mr. 
Butler  was  a  young  man  of  most  excellent  moral  character,  and  by  his 
diligent  application  to  his  profession  gave  promise  of  a  bright  and 
useful  futui'e.  His  career  was  cut  short,  however,  death  having 
claimed  him  for  a  victim  in  1886. 

S.  W.  Leslie  came  to  Bethany  in  1880  from  Maryville,  Mo.,  in 
which  city  he  had  formerly  been  engaged  in  the  practice.  He  was 
well  posted  in  the  underlying  principles  of  the  profession,  earned  the 
reputation  of  a  good  advocate,  and  for  a  period  of  about  four  years 
did  a  fairly  remunerative  business  in  the  courts  of  Harrison  County. 
He  later  went  to  Kingman,  Kas. ,  in  which  city  he  was  recently  ap- 
pointed judge. 

G.  W.  Cooper  began  practicing  law  in  Bethany  about  the  year 
1880.  He  came  to  HaiTison  County  from  the  city  of  Kirksville,  and 
■was  for  some  time  engaged  in  the  practice,  in  partnership  with  Gen. 
B.  M.  Prentiss.  He  earned  the  reputation  of  a  fair  criminal  lawyer, 
but,  resorting  to  practices  not  considered  as  reputable,  soon  became 
unpopular  with  his  professional  associates  of  the  Bethany  bar.  He 
was  thoroughly  aggressive,  would  fight  hard  for  a  client,  and  acquired 
considerable  notoriety  as  what  one  is  pleased  to  term  "  a  police  law- 
yer."    He  left  Bethany  in  1883,  and  located  in  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

C.  A.  Winslow  was  born  in  Virginia,  but  raised  in  Harrison 
County,  Mo.  He  read  law  in  the  office  of  D.  S.  Alvord,  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  in  1880,  and  practiced  in  Bethany  for  a  period  of  about 


STATE    OP    MISSOUBI.  269 

six  years,  in  connection  with  the  real  estate  and  loan  business.  He 
was  aggressive  in  the  profession,  a  good  sttident,  and  stood  well  in 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  people.  He  moved  to  Marion,  Kas., 
in    1886. 

J.  W.  Vandivert  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  came  to  Harrison  County, 
in  early  youth.  He  entered  upon  the  study  of  the  legal  profession 
with  D.  S.  Alvord  in  1874,  and  in  1875  was  formally  admitted  to 
practice  at  the  Bethany  bar.  He  was  a  young  man  of  excellent 
character,  and  possessed  a  mental  organization  of  fine  texture,  which 
eminently  fitted  him  for  a  high  rank  in  the  legal  profession.  He 
became  well  versed  in  the  law,  and  but  for  his  early  death  would  have 
made  his  mark  in  his  chosen  calling.     He  died  in  the  year  1879. 

Samuel  W.  Vandivert,  brother  of  the  preceding,  read  law  in 
Bethany,  gi-aduated  from  the  Michigan  University  at  Ann  Ai'bor,  and 
began  t  he  practice  in  1877.  As  a  lawyer  Mr.  Vandivert  is  positive  in  his 
position,  when  taken,  and  excels,  perhaps,  in  the  criminal  practice. 
He  is  a  good  advocate  and  his  addresses  before  a  jury  are  always 
clear,  logical,  and  frequently  eloquent.  He  located  in  Kinsley,  Kas., 
in  1885,   where  he  now  enjoys  a  large  and  lucrative  business. 

W.  S.  McCray  became  a  resident  of  Bethany  in  1880,  and  pre- 
pared for  the  legal  profession  by  a  course  of  reading  in  the  office  of 
D.  S.  Alvord.  He  possesses  average  legal  ability,  and  practiced  at 
the  Harrison  County  bar  for  about  two  or  three  years.  He  is  at  this 
time  a  resident  of  Kansas. 

A.  R.  Brown,  of  Harrison  County,  read  law  at  the  town  of  Eagle- 
ville,  and  was  licensed  to  practice  about  the  year  1877.  He  was  only 
moderately  successful  in  the  profession,  his  legal  business  having  been 
confined  principally  to  matters  adjudicated  in  the  justice  courts.  In 
1882  he  moved  to  Dakota,  where  he  was  subsequently  elected  prose- 
cuting attorney. 

J.  W.  Boyle  came  to  Harrison  County  from  Iowa  about  the  year 
1880.  He  had  j)reviously  practiced  the  legal  profession  in  that  State 
and  Dakota.  He  had  a  good  knowledge  qf  the  law,  but  did  not  suc- 
ceed in  securing  a  very  lucrative  practice  while  a  resident  of  Harrison 
County.      He  moved  to  Texas  in  1884. 

Among  the  prominent  non-resident  lawyers  who  have  practiced  in 
the  circuit  coiu-t  of  Harrison  County  from  time  to  time  is  John  H. 
Shanklin,  of  Trenton,  Mo.,  a  man  of  high  legal  distinction  in  North- 
west Missouri.  Mi-.  Shanklin' s  reputation  as  a  successful  criminal 
lawyer  is  second  to  that  of  no  other  attorney  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
State,   and  he  is  frequently  retained  as  counsel  in  important  cases  in 


270  HISTOEY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

distant  counties.  He  is  a  master  spirit  before  a  jiuy,  and  seldom  fails 
by  clear  reasoning,  strong  argument,  and  fervid  eloquence,  to  make  a 
favorable  impression  in  favor  cif  his  client.  He  is  essentially  a  law- 
yer and  thoroughly  familiar  with  all  branches  of  the  profession.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  conventions  of  1861  and  1875. 

Jacob  T.  Tindall.  of  Gentiy  County,  Mo.,  practiced  in  the  courts 
of  Harrison  County  from  time  to  time  before  the  war.  He  was  a  pro- 
found lawyer,  a  popular  advocate,  and  stood  in  the  front  among  the 
legal  men  of  Northwest  Missouri.  He  entered  the  Federal  service  in 
1861  as  colonel  of  the  Twenty-third  Missouri  Infantry,  and  was  killed 
at  the  head  of  his  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh. 

George  W.  Lewis,  of  Albany,  has  practiced  on  this  ch'cuit  ever 
since  about  the  year  1847,  and  is  now  one  of  the  oldest  attorneys  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  State.  He  has  been  a  practitioner  of  prominence 
among  his  professional  associates  for  many  years,  and  as  a  lawyer  en- 
joys a  reputation  much  more  than  local.  He  still  resides  at  Albany, 
but  has  retired  from  the  active  duties  of  his  profession. 

William  M.  Rush,  formerly  of  Daviess  County,  now  of  St.  Joseph, 
is  well  known  in  the  circuit  court  of  Harrison  County,  having  been 
retained  fi'om  time  to  time  as  counsel  in  well-known  criminal  cases. 
He  is  a  successful  practitioner,  and  is  well  known  in  legal  circles 
throughout  the  State. 

Hon.  Mordecai  Oliver,  ex-secretary  of  State  and  member  of  Congress, 
practiced  in  the  courts  of  Harrison  County  a  number  of  years  ago, 
and  is  well  remembered  by  the  older  members  of  the  bar.  He  ranked 
among  Missouri's  leading  lawyers  and  statesmen  during  the  war,  and 
for  several  years  thereafter,  and  is  still  a  man  of  prominence  where 
he  resides. 

Hon.  Silas  Woodson,  ex-governor,  is  not  unknown  in  Harrison 
County,  having  been  called  to  practice  in  the  courts  of  the  circuit  from 
time  to  time.  Judge  Woodson  being  a  man  of  State  reputation  needs 
no  especial  mention  in  the  history  of  the  bar  of  Hamson  County. 

A.  H.  Conroe,  an  early  circuit  attorney,  practiced  law  in  the  courts 
of  Harrison  County  a  number  of  years  before  the  war,  and  enjoyed 
the  reputation  of  an  able  and  painstaking  counselor.  He  espoused 
the  cause  of  Maximilian,  late  Emperor  of  Mexico,  and  shared  the  fate 
of  that  unfortunate  monarch,  having  been  shot  by  order  of  the  Mexi- 
can authorities  at  the  downfall  of  the  empire. 

Hon.  J.  W.  Alexander,  present  speaker  of  the  Missouri  House  of 
Kepresentatives,  practiced  for  a  number  of  years  in  the  courts  of  Har- 
rison County,  and  is  still  retained  in  important   cases.     He  is  a  sue- 


'i 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  271 

cessful  practitioner,  a  firm  lawyer,  and  one  of  the  representative  men 
of  the  State. 

Present  Bar. — The  present  bar  of  Harrison  has  lost  nothing  of  the 
high  character  that  distinguished  it  in  the  early  history  of  the  county. 
Sketches  of  its  present  members  will  be  found  in  the  biographical 
department,  tod  anything  beyond  a  mere  mention  of  the  dates  of  their 
admission  to  the  practice  here  would  be  but  repetition. 

D.  J.  Heaston,  the  oldest  resident  attorney  at  this  time,  read  law 
at  Winchester,  Ind. ,  with  Judge  Smith,  and  was  licensed  to  practice  in 
that  State  in  1858.  He  came  to  Harrison  County  the  following  year, 
since  which  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  active  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Bethany. 

D.  S.  Alvord  adopted  the  legal  profession  at  the  age  of  twenty, 
and  prepared  for  the  same  by  a  course  of  reading  in  the  office  of 
Messrs.  Schofield,  Ferris  &  Manier,  at  Carthage,  111.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858,  came  to  Hamson  County  in  1865, 
and,  with  the  exception  of  Col.  Heaston,  is  the  oldest  practitioner  at 
the  Bethany  bar. 

William  C.  Heaston  read  law  with  his  brother,  D.  J.  Heaston,  and 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  coiuts  of  Harrison  County,  about  the 
year  1868. 

F.  H.  Eamer  came  to  Bethany  in  1857,  read  law  in  1870-71  with 
Thomas  D.   Neal,  and  was  licensed  to  practice  in  1872. 

Joseph  F.  Bryant  read  law  in  Bethany  while  serving  as  county 
clerk,  and  became  a  practitioner  in  1862. 

John  M.  Sallee  began  the  study  of  law  in  Iowa  in  1876,  came  to 
Bethany  in  1883,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Harrison  County  bar  the 
same  year. 

William  H.  Skinner,  present  prosecuting  attorney,  read  law  at 
Clinton,  111. ,  began  the  practice  in  Emporia,  Kas. ,  in  1866,  and  for 
some  years  has  practiced  in  Harrison  and  adjoining  coiTnties. 

George  W.  Wanamaker  read  law  in  Canada,  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Michigan,  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
1876,  at  Kirksville,  Mo.  He  came  to  Bethany  in  1878,  and  for  some 
time  has  been  senior  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Wanamaker  &  Barlow. 

A.  F.  Woodruif  studied  law  in  Ohio  in  1874,  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in  1877,  and  in  1879  came  to  Bethany,  where 
he  has  since  practiced.  He  is  at  this  time  junior  member  of  the  law 
firm  of  Alvord  &  Woodruff. 

James  C.  Wilson  came  to  Missouri  in  1877,  read  law  at  Maryville, 
Nodaway  County,   with  Dawson  &  Roseberry,   and    was    licensed  to 


272  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

practice  in  1880,  at  Grant  City.  He  came  to  Bethany  the  latter 
year,  and  has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Harrison  bar  ever  since. 

George  W.  Barlove,  of  the  fii-m  of  Wanamaker  &  Barlov?,  is  a 
graduate  of  the  law  department  of  the  State  University  at  Columbia. 
He  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Bethany  in  1879. 

Ezra  H.  Frisby  graduated  from  the  Michigan  University,  at  Ann 
Arbor,  in  March,  1883,  and  began  to  practice  in  Bethany  in  partner- 
ship with  S.  W.  Vandivert,  Esq.,  of  Kinsley,  Kas. 

Gen.  B.  M.  Prentiss  practiced  law  for  some  years  in  Quincy,  HI., 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Bethany  bar  in  1880.  For  the  last 
few  years  he  has  devoted  but  little  attention  to  the  profession. 

Prof.  J.  R.  Kirk,  superintendent  of  the  city  schools  of  Bethany, 
studied  law  at  Moulton,  Iowa,  in  the  office  of  J.  C.  Coad,  and  received 
license  to  practice  at  Centreville,  this  State,  in  1883.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  Harrison  County  bar  in  1885. 

James  C  Anderson  practices  law  at  the  town  of  Ridgeway,  and 
H.  W.  Gilbert  has  an  of&ce  at  Martinsville. 

THE  PRESS,  ELECTIONS  and  RAILROADS. 
The  Press. — The  record  of  the  newspaper  press  of  a  county,  if  it 
has  happened  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  men  competent  to  make  it  fully 
discharge  its  duty,  ought  to  be  one  of  the  most  important  pages  of  a 
county's  history.  One  of  the  greatest  things  that  can  always  be 
said  of  our  country  is,  it  has  a  free  press.  No  man  has  to  be  licensed 
by  the  Government  to  print  a  book  or  publish  a  paper.  It  has 
been  circumscribed  by  no  law  except  that  of  natiu'al  selection;  any  one 
who  wishes  can  start  a  paper  at  any  time  and  say  anything  he 
desires  to  say.  If  he  chooses  not  to  be  suppressed  there  is  no  power 
to  suppress  him,  excejst  a  military  necessity,  and  once  in  a  great 
while,  mob  violence.  If  he  is  persecuted  or  punished  by  some 
irate  citizen  it  is  not  certain  but  that  he  always  gets  the  best  of  the 
difficulty,  especially  when  he  begins  to  prate  about  ' '  the  freedom 
of  the  press  and  the  liberty  of  thought."  The  wisest  act  of  our 
Government  in  all  its  history  was  the  unbridling  of  the  press.  It 
was  the  seed  planted  in  good  soil  for  its  own  perpetuity  and  the 
happiness  and  welfare  of  the  people.  To  make  the  press  absolutely 
free,  especially  after  the  centuries  of  vile  censorship  over  it,  was  an 
act  of  wisdom  equal  in  importance  to  the  original  invention  of 
movable  type.  A  free  press  makes  free  speech,  free  schools,  free 
intelligence  and  fi-eedom,  and  when  political  storms  arise,  and  the 
turbid  waves  of  popular  ignorance  and  passion  beat  upon  the  ship  of 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  273 

State,  then  indeed  is  a  free  press  the  beacon  shining  out  upon  the 
troubled  waters. 

The  honor  of  establishing  the  iirst  newspaper  in  Harrison  County 
belongs  to  Edwin  R.  Martin  and  Samuel  Allen,  who,  in  the  summer 
of  1859,  came  from  Memphis,  Mo.,  and  started  what  was  known  as 
the  Bethany  Star,  an  independent  local  sheet,  the  first  number  of 
which  made  its  appearance  on  the  4th  of  August,  of  the  above  year. 
Messrs.  Martin  &  Allen  were  practical  printers,  and  men  of  more 
than  average  literary  abilities,  and  under  their  management  the  Star 
early  became  an  important  factor  among  the  business  interests  of 
Bethany.  While  started  ostensibly  as  a  neutral  paper,  the  Star  soon 
took  advanced  grounds  upon  the  great  political  questions  of  the  day, 
and  being  considerably  Southern  in  its  tendencies  made  many 
enemies  throughout  the  county.  The  paper  was  a  six- column  folio, 
and  in  mechanical  make-up  and  general  appearance  compared 
favorably  with  any  of  its  numerous  successors. 

Martin  &  Allen  continued  its  publication  until  1861,  when  the 
Star  was  purchased  by  William  A.  Templeman,  who  changed  the 
name  to  the  Weekly  Union,  by  which  the  paper  was  known  until  it 
again  changed  hands  in  1863.  The  office  of  the  Union  was  in  the 
thii'd  story  of  the  building  now  occupied  by  the  Dunn  Bros.,  on 
South  Street,  and  the  paper  was  printed  upon  an  old  fashioned 
Franklin  hand  press,  which  under  the  management  of  E.  R.  Martin 
tui'ned  out  work  that  would  not  suffer  in  comparison  with  the  pro- 
duction of  offices  more  recently  established.  The  political  complexion 
of  the  paper,  as  indicated  by  the  name,  was  strongly  in  favor  of  the 
national  union,  and  the  able  editorials  of  Col.  Heaston  and  others  did 
much  toward  counteracting  the  influence  of  the  disloyal  element  in 
Harrison  County  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  It  was  ably  edited, 
presented  a  fine  appearance,  and  before  changing  hands  had  reached 
a  circulation  considerably  in  excess  of  600. 

In  1868  Henry  Howe  purchased  the  office,  and,  changing  the  name 
of  the  paper  to  the  Weekly  Union  of  Stales,  secured  the  services 
of  Howard  T.  Combs,  son  of  Gen.  Leslie  Combs,  of  Kentucky,  a 
writer  of  fair  ability,  as  editor.  Mr.  Combs  was  popular  with  the 
people,  and  during  the  year  he  exercised  editorial  control  the  paper 
increased  in  circulation  and  became  one  of  the  most  vigorous  ultra 
Republican  sheets  in  Northern  Missouri.  At  the  end  of  one  year  Mr. 
Howe  took  charge  of  the  editorial  department,  but  after  a  short  time 
spent  in  that  capacity  he  went  to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  leaving  the 
office  in  charge  of  his  sons,  Ed.  and  James  Howe,  who  continued  the 


274  HISTOKY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

publication  until  1865,  at  which  time  Thomas  D.  Neal  purchased  the 
office,  and  established  the  North  Missouri  Tribune.  Mr.  Neal  was  a 
man  of  great  energy  and  determination,  and  as  a  political  writer  soon 
took  rank  among  the  most  aggressive  Republican  editors  in  this  part 
of  the  State.  He  made  his  paper  the  Republican  organ  of  Harrison 
County,  and  continued  its  publication  very  successfully  until  1872,  at 
which  time  it  was  purchased  by  William  T.  Foster,  who  subsequently 
changed  the  political  complexion  by  his  fearless  advocacy  of  the 
Grange  movement,  the  effect  of  which  was  a  division  in  the  Repub- 
lican ranks  of  Harrison.  Under  the  editorial  management  of  Mr.  Fos- 
ter, who  was  a  practical  printer  and  trenchant  writer,  the  Tribune 
grew  in  popular  favor  among  the  farmers,  and  was  regularly  issued 
as  a  Grange  journal,  until  its  piirehase  by  John  H.  Phillibaum  in 
1875.  After  disposing  of  the  office  Mx.  Foster  went  to  Iowa,  where  he 
afterward  achieved  considerable  notoriety  as  the  ' '  weather  prophet ' ' 
of  Burlington,  and  as  a  contributor  to  the  Hawkeye,  published  in  that 
city.  Upon  taking  possession  of  the  Tribune,  Mr.  Phillibaum  con- 
verted it  into  a  Democratic  sheet,  and,  changing  the  name  to  the 
Harrison  Countij  Herald,  published  it  iintil  1876,  when  the  office  was 
piu-chased  by  Al.  S.  Hickman  and  James  P.  Berry.  Both  Hickman 
and  Berry  were  experienced  printers,  and  spared  no  efforts  to  give  the 
people  a  well  edited  and  spicy  local  paper,  but,  the  Democratic  party 
being  a  small  minority  in  Harrison  County,  the  publication  soon  sus- 
pended for  want  of  proper  financial  support.  The  Herald  was  a  neat 
folio,  eight  columns  to  the  page,  and  in  point  of  editorial  ability  and 
mechanical  make-up,  has  been  surpassed  by  no  other  newspaper  in 
Harrison  County. 

In  1SG8  The  Harrison  County  Press,  a  weekly  Independent  sheet, 
was  established  by  a  stock  company,  with  Col.  William  P.  Robinson 
as  editor.  The  columns  of  this  paper  were  made  a  medium  for  the 
discussion  of  all  the  leading  questions  of  the  day,  and  through  them 
the  political  opinions  of  a  number  of  local  writers  were  given  pub- 
licity. From  its  independent  course  the  Press  gi-adually  merged  into 
a  conservative  Republican  sheet,  but  as  such  it  antagonized  certain 
elements  of  the  party  upon  the  great  question  of  negro  suffrage, 
which  Mr.  Robinson  strenuously  opposed  upon  grounds  of  moral  as 
well  as  public  policy.  After  the  nomination  of  Grant  and  Seymour 
for  the  presidency,  Col.  Robinson  severed  his  connection  with  the 
Press,  and  was  succeeded  by  Paul  Conner,  of  Illinois,  who  effected  a 
complete  revolution  in  the  political  feature  of  the  paper,  making  it 
the  local  Democratic  organ  of  Harrison  County.     Like  some  of  his 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  275 

predecessors,  however,  Mr.  Conner  failed  to  make  the  paper  finan- 
cially remunerative,  and  after  continuing  the  publication  about  one 
year  sold  out  to  D.  J.  Heaston,  who  in  1870  changed  the  name  to  the 
Bethany  Watchman,  by  which  it  was  known  as  long  as  the  office 
remained  in  Bethany.  Having  had  considerable  experience  in  the  field 
of  journalism,  Mr.  Heaston  soon  succeeded  in  working  up  an  interest 
in  behalf  of  the  Watchman,  and  within  a  short  time  gained  a  good 
circulation  and  fair  advertising  patronage.  It  made  its  periodical 
visits  until  1873,  in  which  year  the  office  was  purchased  by  a  stock 
company  and  moved  to  Grant  City,  where  it  was  subsequently  pub- 
lished under  the  name  of  the  Worth  County  Times. 

The  Bethany  Repttblican  was  established  by  Thomas  D.  Neal,  and 
made    its    first    appearance    on    the    22d    of   May,    1873.     It     was 
started  as  an  uncompromising  political  paper,  devoted  to  the  interests 
of  the  Republican  party,  as  witness  the  following  from  its  first  state- 
ment to  the  piiblic:    "This  paper  shall  be  strictly  Eepublican.     None 
need  look  for  anything  else.      It  will  do  all  in  its  power .  to  secure 
economy  in  our  county  afPairs,  low  taxes  and  to  induce  immigration  to 
our  borders.      *         *         *         it   -^yiu  be  the  friend  of  the  farmer, 
the  laborer,  and  the  interests  of  our  county  generally.      *         *         * 
It  will  be  the  organ  of  no  man  or  ring,    and  will  not  be  used  as  a 
means  to  place  any  man  in  office  except  the  regular  nominees  of  our 
party,  the  assertions  of  demagogues  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 
Its  columns  will  be  open  to  communications  from  all  parts  of  the  county 
on  all  questions. ' '      The  presses  and  material  of  the  Republican  were 
pui'chased  entirely  new,  and  for  the  first  two  years  the  paper  appeared 
as  a   six-column  quarto,  but  was  subsequently  changed  to  an  eight- 
column  folio.     As  already  stated,  Mr.  Neal  was  an  able  writer,  and  a 
politician    of    the  most  aggressive  school.     He  continued    as  editor 
until  the  winter  of  1875,   when  he  sold  out  to  Walter  J.  Wightman, 
who  changed  the  name  of  the  paper  to  the  Harrison  County  Repub- 
lican,  the  first  number  of   which  was  given  to  the  public  on  the  6th 
of  January,   1876.      Mr.  Wightman  had  previously  published  a  23aper 
at  Eagleville,   moving  an  office  to  that  town  in  1874,   from  Garden 
Grove,  Iowa.      He  proved  a  fit  successor  to  the  former  editor,  and  by 
his  unflinching    adherence  to  his  party  did  much  toward  unifj'ing  its 
interests  in  Harrison    County.      After  continuing  the  paper  a  short 
time  alone  he  effected  a  co-partnership  with  Mi-.   Neal,   who  subse- 
quently purchased  the  entire  interest  and  ran  the  paper  until  1881, 
when  F.  H.  Earner   became  sole  proprietor  and  editor.     The  Repub- 
lican enjoyed  a  prosperous  career  under  the  editorial  management  of 


276  HISTOKY   OF   HARBISON    COUNTY. 

Mr.  Earner,  wto  as  a  politician  and  writer  wielded  a  strong  influence 
in  behalf  of  the  Republican  party  of  Harrison  and  neighboring  coun- 
ties. In  the  fall  of  1887  the  paper  again  changed  hands,  Mr.  Ramer 
disposing  of  the  office  to  a  stock  company,  with  Hon.  Nelson  Church 
as  editor. 

With  no  previous  experience  in  the  field  of  journalism,  Mr.  Church 
has  already  gained  widespread  distinction  as  a  clear  and  forcible 
writer,  and  as  a  local  party  organ  the  Republican  under  his  manage- 
ment will  compare  favorably  with  any  county  paper  in  Missouri.  It 
is  essentially  Republican  in  politics  and  fearless  in  the  discussion  of 
the  leading  questions  of  the  day,  upon  all  of  which  the  editor  has  very 
pronounced  and  aggressive  views.  In  mechanical  make-up  it  is  a 
model  of  neatness,  and  with  a  good  advertising  patronage  and  a  con- 
stantly increasing  circulation,  now  considerably  in  excess  of  800,  we 
bespeak  for  the  paper  a  brilliant  and  prosperous  future. 

Bethany  Broad  Ax. — In  March,  1877,  D.  J.  Heaston  andB.  F. 
Meyer  purchased  the  office  of  the  Haii-ison  County  Herald,  and  on  the 
8th  of  the  month  issued  the  first  number  of  the  Bethany  Broad  Ax,  a 
neat,  seven-column  folio,  which  ever  since  has  been  the  recognized 
Democratic  organ  of  Harrison  County.  Mr.  Heaston  took  charge  of 
the  editorial  department,  and  ran  the  paper  in  partnership  with  Mr. 
Meyer  until  1881,  at  which  time  he  purchased  the  latter' s  interest,  and 
continued  the  publication  alone  about  one  year.  He  then  sold  a  half 
interest  in  the  office  to  W.  L.  Robertson,  a  partnership  which  lasted 
until  January,  1884,  when  J.  H.  Cover,  who  had  previously  published  a 
paper  in  Albany,  Mo.,  purchased  the  entu-e  interest  and  became 
editor.  From  the  first  number  until  the  present  time  the  Broad  Ax 
has  never  wavered  in  its  allegiance  to  the  principles  of  the  Democratic 
party,  and,  although  fearless  in  the  discussion  of  political  questions,  the 
vituperation  and  personal  abuse  which  frequently  form  the  chief  stock- 
in-trade  of  local  partisan  sheets  find  no  place  in  its  cohtmns.  It  is 
now  a  five-column  quarto,  neat  in  its  mechanical  appearance,  and  has  a 
bona  fide  circulation  of  800. 

The  Harrison  County  Eagle  was  established  at  the  town  of  Eagle- 
ville  in  July,  1874,  by  Walter  J.  Wightman,  who,  as  already  stated, 
moved  the  office  and  material  from  Garden  Grove,  Iowa.  The  Eagle 
was  a  seven-column  folio,  Republican  in  politics,  and  during  the  sev- 
enteen months  of  its  publication  at  Eagleville  gained  the  reputation  of 
being  one  of  the  spiciest  and  best  edited  papers  ever  published  in  Har- 
rison County.  In  December,  1875,  Mr.  Wightman  moved  his  office  to 
Bethany,  and  purchased  the  Republican,  his  connection  with  which 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  277 

has  already  been  alluded  to.  In  the  spring  of  1876  Frank  Knapp,  of 
Leon,  Iowa,  moved  to  Eagleville,  and  established  the  Eagleville  Neivs, 
a  small  independent  sheet  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  tov?n  and 
county.  The  News  v^as  v^ell  printed,  the  editor  being  an  experienced 
typo,  but  for  want  of  proper  financial  support  it  ran  its  course  in 
about  sis  months,  and  was  never  revived. 

The  Eagleville  Clipper  was  established  at  Eagleville  in  1877  by 
W.  J.  Wightman,  who  continued  its  publication  in  that  town  until 
1880,  when  he  moved  the  office  to  Blythedale,  where  for  twenty 
months  it  was  published  under  the  name  of  the  Blythedale  Clipper. 
In  1882  Mr.  Wightman  moved  to  Bethany,  and  changed  the  name  of 
the  paper  to  the  Bethany  Clipper,  by  which  it  has  since  been  known. 
Mr.  Wightman  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  experienced  newspaper 
men  in  Han'ison  County,  and  as  an  editor  and  writer  enjoys  much 
more  than  a  local  reputation.  The  political  complexion  of  the  Clip- 
per is  decidedly  Republican,  and  as  a  sprightly  local  paper  it  ranks 
among  the  best  county  newspapers  in  Missoui'i.  It  has  a  liberal  adver- 
tising patronage  and  a  good  circulation. 

The  Eagleville  Enterprise. — This  paper  was  established  by  J. 
Frank  Ward,  and  made  its  first  appearance  in  1880.  It  was  an  inde- 
pendent sheet  with  Republican  tendencies,  and  during  the  time  of  its 
publication,  two  years,  gained  a  circulation  of  about  500.  Mr.  Ward 
was  a  writer  of  average  ability  and  a  practical  printer.  The 
Enterprise  was  a  seven-column  folio,  neat  in  its  mechanical  appear- 
ance and  compared  favorably  with  the  other  newspapers  of  the  county 

Elder  W.  M.  Browder,  a  distinguished  minister  of  the  Christian 
Church,  established,  in  1879,  at  Bethany,  The  Gospel  Star,  a  religious 
paper,  the  printing  of  which  was  done  in  the  office  of  the  Broad  Ax. 
The  Star  was  an  able  advocate  of  the  peculiar  plea  of  the  Disciples, 
and  in  its  columns  were  found  many  sti'ong  articles  upon  the  great 
religious  questions  of  the  day.  Elder  Browder  was  an  able  and 
aggressive  writer,  and  a  renowned  pulpit  orator.  He  continued  the 
paper  about  one  year  during  which  time  it  gained  a  fair  patronacre. 

The  Gainesville  Sig)tal  was  started  at  Cainesville  in  1885  by  C.  A. 
Brannon.  It  was  a  five-column  folio,  independent  politically,  and 
enjoyed  an  existence  of  about  one  year.  The  enterprise  not  proving 
remunerative,  Mr.  Brannon  closed  out  at  the  end  of  that  time,  and 
moved  to  Leon,  Iowa. 

The  Cainesville  News,  established  by  J.  H.  Rockwell,  of  Iowa, 
made  its  first  appearance  on  the  12th  of  April,  1885.  It  was  s-tarted  as 
an  independent  paper,  but  subsequently  became  decidedly  Republican 


278  HISTORY    OF    HAEEISON    COUNTY. 

in  polities.  It  changed  hands  in  July,  1887,  Prof.  S.  P.  Davisson, 
present  proprietor,  purchasing  the  office  and  taking  editorial  control. 
The  News  is  well  edited,  has  a  liberal  advertising  patronage,  and  a 
subscription  list  of  about  500. 

The  Eagle  ville  Journal  is  the  name  of  a  small  local  paper  estab- 
lished at  Eagleville  in  1885,  by  J.  Fred  Cramer.  It  was  published 
only  two  months,  and  proved  a  very  indifferent  affair. 

In  the  year  1S82  M.  A.  Thorne  established  at  the  town  of  Ridge- 
way  a  small  local  paper  known  as  the  Ridgeway  Blade,  which  enjoyed 
an  existence  of  two  years.  The  Blade  was  well  edited,  and  became  a 
fearless  advocate  of  the  temperance  cause,  in  which  Mr.  Thorne  was 
an  active  worker.  Like  some  of  its  predecessors  it  was  compelled  to 
suspend  for  want  of  remunerative  patronage. 

The  Ridgeicay  Free  Press  was  started  in  1884  by  C.  C.  Bartruff, 
who  continued  the  publication  until  1886.  Mr.  Bartruff  was  a  practi- 
cal printer  and  fair  writer,  and  succeeded  during  his  sojourn  at  Ridge- 
way in  securing  a  fairly  remunerative  circulation  for  the  Press.  The 
paper  was  a  quarto,  Republican  in  politics,  and  presented  a  very  neat 
appearance.      Tie  editor  sold  his  office  in  1886  and  left  the  town. 

Elections. — The  first  presidential  contest  in  which  the  citizens  of 
Harrison  County  participated  was  the  election  of  1818.  The  vote  of 
the  county  was  as  follows:  Zachary  Taylor  (Whig),  63;  Lewis  Cass 
(Democrat),  141.  The  following  is  the  vote  for  the  year  1852:  Scott, 
111;  Pierce,  164. 

In  1856  James  Buchanan,  the  Democratic  candidate,  received 
495  votes  in  the  county,  and  Millard  Fillmore,  standard  bearer  of  the 
American  party,  318.  There  were  no  votes  cast  for  the  Republican 
nominee,  John  C.  Fremont. 

The  following  is  the  vote  by  townships  in  the  national  election  of 
1860: 

Douglas.    Breckin-    Bell.    Lincoln, 
ridge. 

Bethany 298  0  84  47 

Madison 87  0  56  15 

WhiteOak 30  3  19  00 

TrailCreek 4-5  0  8  20 

Union '. 13  0  5  28 

Dallas 31  3  7  25 

Butler 36  3  11  1 

Marion 201  9  75  64 

Clay  56  1  23  7 

Total 797  18        288        297 

Gubernatorial  Vote  of  1860. — C.  F.  Jackson,  792;  Gardenhire, 
260;  S.  Orr,  104;  H.  Jackson,  18. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI. 


279 


In  1864  the  vote  of  the  county  was  as  follows : 

Lincoln.    McClellan. 

Bethany 826  79 

Marion 183  13 

Sugar  Creek 100  5 

Union ...  54  14 

Butler 63  1 

Madison 85  40 

White  Oak 38  7 

Cypress     66  00 

Trail  Creek 83  00 

Washington 31  17 

Dallas 37  00 

Clay   37  33 

Total 993  308 

PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTION,    1868. 

Grant.  Seymour. 

Butler 94  4 

White  Oak 83  17 

Dallas 47  9 

Washington 35  18 

Lincoln 34  28 

Marion .* 210  81 

Union 140  23 

Bethany 329  121 

Cypress 139  18 

Sugar  Creek 130  41 

Trail  Creek 112  30 

Madison 91  39 

Clay 65  47 

Total 1,429  475 

Vote  for  Governor — McCltirg  (Republican),  1,397;  Phillips  (Demo- 
crat),  485. 

Congress— Parker  (Eepublican),  1,252;  Ellis  (Democrat),    702. 
Gubernatorial  Vote  of  1870.— J.   W.  McClurg  (Eepublican),  1,304 
B.  Gratz  Brown  (Democrat),  703. 

1872. 

Grant.  Greeley. 

•     Bethany 309  238 

Butler 106  84 

Cypress 144  37 

Sugar  Creek 146  93 

Trail  Creek 125  89 

Madison 109  63 

Clay 107  64 

Marion 376  150 

Lincoln   51  48 


280  HISTORY    OF    HARBISON    COUNTY. 

1872. 

Grant.    Greeley. 

Washington 55  32 

Dallas 67  75 

White  Oak 101  84 

Union 88  43 

Grant     67  17 

Total  1,751     1,116     • 

Gubernatorial  Vote   of  1872. — John  B.  Henderson  (Republican), 
1,748;  Silas  Woodson  (Democrat),  1,133. 

Vote  for  Governor  at  election  November  3,  1874 — C.  H.  Hardin,' 
1,084:  "William  Gentry,  807. 

Congress — I.  B.  Hyde  (Republican),  1,749;  R.  A.  DeBolt  (Demo- 
crat), 929. 

1876. 

Hayes.  Tilden. 

Adams 98  31 

Bethany 210  179 

Butler 78  84 

Colfax 86  78 

Cypress 109  37 

Clay 95  95 

Dallas 90  85 

Fox  Creek 99  75 

Grant 74  48                                            . 

Hamilton 76  55                                          j| 

Jefferson  92  87 

Lincoln 56  54 

Madison 101  70 

Marion 162  73 

Sherman 115  88 

SugarCreek 81  35 

Trail  Creek 87  60 

Union 136  56 

Washington 58  45 

WhiteOak 113  93 

Total 2,013     1,373 

Ha3'es'  majority 640 

Vote  for   Governor — Finklenberger    (Republican),   2,013;  Phelps 

(Democrat),  1,377. 

Congress — Pollard     (Republican),      2,021;     DeBolt    (Democrat), 

1,392. 

1880. 

Garfield.  Hancock.  Weaver. 

Adams 103         44         10 

Bethany 360        169  1 

Butler 94        104 

Colfax 103        104  2 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  281 

1880. 

Garfield.  Hancock.  Weaver. 

Cypress 108         37  36 

Dallas 83         93  36 

Fox  Creek 105          96  5 

Grant 101          47  6 

Hamilton 73          53  2 

Jefferson 87        104  14 

Lincoln 46         86  9 

Madison Ill          71  36 

Marion 150         88  35 

SugarCreek 67         51  19 

Sherman 103          59  13 

Trail  Creek 106         68  9 

Union 131          63  10 

Washington 65          63  10 

White  Oak 113         89  8 

Total 3,097     1,586  339 

Governor— D.  P.  Dyer  (Kepublican),  2,102;  T.  T.  Crittenden 
Democrat),  1,589;  L.  A.  Brown,  (Greenbacker),  236. 

Congress — C.  H.  Mansur,  (Democrat),  1,574;  J.  H.  Burrows 
(Greenbacker),  2,196. 

1884. 

Cleveland.  Blaine  and 
Butler. 

Sugar  Creek 49  95 

Fox  Creek 88  101 

Trail  Creek 69  137 

Madison 80  133 

Clay 107  86 

Adams 47  119 

Sherman 53  135 

Grant 90  137 

Marion 78  165 

Colfax 101  137 

Cypress 44  130 

Bethany 209  303 

Jefferson 78  100 

Union 73  130 

Hamilton 70  90 

Butler , 103  98 

White  Oak 91  135 

Dallas 119  93 

Washington 76  80 

Lincoln 66  59 

Total 1,608  3,288 

Governor — Marmaduke  (Democrat),  1,232;  Ford  (Greenbacker), 
2,162;  Brooks  (Prohibitionist),  401. 

IS 


282  HISTORY    OF   HARRISON    COUNTY. 

Congress — Dockery  (Democrat),  1,626;  Harwood  (Republican), 
2,227;  Jordan  (Greenback),  48. 

Railroads.  — Hopes  of  securing  a  railroad  were  entertained  by  the 
citizens  of  Harrison  County  as  early  as  1859.  In  that  year  the  Galves- 
ton, Kansas  City  &  Lake  Superior  Company  was  chartered  to  construct 
a  line  of  road  from  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  to  Kansas  City.  A  preliminary 
survey  was  made  between  those  two  places  in  1860,  and  the  counties 
through  which  the  proposed  road  was  to  pass  were  solicited  to  sub- 
scribe to  the  capital  stock  of  the  company.  The  citizens  of  Harrison 
became  greatly  interested  in  the  matter,  and  by  a  majority  vote  the 
county  court  was  instructed  to  subscribe  the  sum  of  $150,000  to  aid 
the  enterprise.  The  breaking  out  of  the  war  a  short  time  afterward 
interfered  with  the  plans  of  the  company,  and,  as  a  consequence,  all 
work  on  the  line  was  abandoned. 

The  matter  was  revived  in  1866,  during  which  year  operations 
commenced  at  various  points  along  the  road,  and  grading  to  the 
amount  of  $5,000  was  done  in  Harrison  County.  Subsequent  changes 
in  the  plans  of  the  company  were  such  as  to  render  the  route  through 
this  part  of  the  country  impracticable ;  accordingly  the  road  was  never 
completed. 

In  the  year  1868  the  citizens  of  Harrison  became  interested  in  the 
proposed  construction  of  the  Leavenworth  &  Des  Moines  Railroad, 
and  in  May  of  that  year  the  court  was  authorized  to  vote  the  sum  of 
$150,000  to  aid  the  same,  on  condition  that  the  road  should,  be  com- 
pleted within  a  stipulated  time.  The  survey  was  made  through  the 
county  the  same  year,  but  the  company  subsequently  changing  the 
route,  so  as  to  run  via  Gallatin  and  Trenton,  the  court  order  was 
officially  rescinded  at  the  November  term,  1872. 

About  the  year  1869  a  third  railroad  project  was  presented  to  the 
people  of  the  county,  and  their  aid  solicited  in  behalf  of  the  Quincy, 
Missouri  &  Pacific  Road,  which  company  proposed  to  construct  a  line 
from  the  Mississippi  River  to  the  eastern  boundary  of  Harrison 
County.  Upon  condition  that  the  road  should  be  located,  bridged 
and  graded  between  the  prescribed  points  within  three  years,  the  peo- 
ple of  the  county,  by  a  majority  of  232,  in  1869,  voted  an  appropriation 
of  $250,000  in  aid  of  the  enterprise.  The  line  was  surveyed,  but 
nothing  further  was  done  toward  constructing  the  road.  The  order 
making  the  appropriation  was  rescinded  by  the  court  at  the  October 
term,  1872. 

Three  years  later  a  second  movement  was  made  to  aid  the  above 
road,  which  at  that  time  was  in  process  of  construction  between  Milan 


STATE    OF    MISSOUEI.  283 

and  Trenton.  With  the  hope  of  inducing  the  company  to  extend  the 
line  westward  through  Harrison  County,  the  citizens  of  Bethany 
Township,  in  1875,  voted  aid  to  the  amount  of  $40, 000,  no  part  of 
which  was  ever  paid,  as  the  road  was  not  extended. 

The  tirst  raih-oad  agitation  which  produced  fruitful  results  began 
in  1879,  at  which  time  a  preliminary  survey  of  the  Leon,  Mount  Ayr 
&  Western,  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Road,  was 
surveyed  through  Harrison  County.  The  citizens  assisted  the  enter- 
prise by  a  subscription  of  $40,000,  and  granted  the  right  of  way  from 
Bethany  north  to  the  Iowa  State  line.  Work  commenced  on  the  road 
in  the  summer  of  1880,  and  on  the  28th  day  of  October  of  that  year 
the  first  train  of  cars  ran  to  Bethany.  The  line  was  extended  south- 
ward to  Albany  in  1881,  and  consolidated  at  that  place  with  a  narrow- 
gauge  road  which  had  been  constructed  a  short  time  previous  from 
St.  Joseph  to  Gentry  County.  The  latter  was  subsequently  changed 
to  a  standard  gauge,  and  the  road  is  now  one  of  the  most  important 
branches  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  system. 

The  influence  of  this  road  in  developing  the  material  resources  of 
Harrison  County  has  been  very  marked,  and  since  its  completion 
population  has  greatly  increased,  and  all  kinds  of  real  estate  steadily 
advanced  in  value.  An  immediate  outgrowth  of  the  road  was  the 
platting  and  building  up  of  the  flourishing  towns  of  Blythedale, 
Ridgeway  and  New  Hampton,  and  the  vast  increase  in  the  business 
interests  of  Bethany.  The  line  runs  from  northwest  to  southeast,  and 
includes  about  forty-two  or  forty-three  miles  in  Harrison  County. 

In  the  year  1884  the  Des  Moines  &  Osceola  Narrow  Gauge 
was  extended  southward  from  Leon,  Iowa,  to  Cainesville,  Mo.,  the 
latter  place  being  the  present  southern  terminus  of  the  line.  By  this 
road  Harrison  County  is  brought  into  easy  communication  with  Des 
Moines  and  other  Iowa  cities,  but  the  benefits  resulting  therefrom  are 
confined  principally  to  Cainesville  and  the  northeastern  part  of  the 
county.  It  has  been  especially  beneficial  to  Cainesville,  the  population 
and  wealth  of  which  has  rapidly  increased  since  its  completion. 

CRIMES  AND  CASUALTIES. 

The  history  of  all  countries  and  communities  from  their  earliest 
colonization  and  settlement  has  shown  bad  men  mingled  among  the 
better  classes  of  society.  So  it  has  been  in  Harrison  County.  The 
records  of  the  county  reveal  the  fact  that  quite  a  number  of  persons 
have  been  called  to  answer  at  the  bar  of  justice  for  the  commissions 
of  heinous  crimes  and   offenses.     As  early  as   1846  a  stabbing  affray 


284  HISTORY    OF    HAKKISON    COUNTY. 

occurred  near  Bethany  between  Josiah  Spur^n  and  Jacob  Mitchell, 
in  which  the  latter  was  killed.  The  trouble  was  caused  by  a  too  free 
use  of  whisky,  both  parties  having  been  in  a  state  of  intoxication 
when  the  quarrel  took  place.  Spui-gin  was  arrested  and  tried  at  the 
March  term  of  the  circuit  court,  184:7,  before  the  following  jury: 
William  C.  Allcock,  David  Duan,  Joel  Harris,  Hugh  Hamlin,  Josiah 
J.  Allen,  William  Hamlin,  William  Hunter,  Alfred  Daniel,  Daniel  M. . 
Thompson,  Abel  W.  Allen,  James  Edmiston  and  Michael  Ballew.  The 
jurj',  after  hearing  the  evidence  in  the  case,  returned  a  verdict  of  man- 
slaughter in  the  third  degree,  and  assessed  the  punishment  at  three 
years  in  the  State  prison. 

Killing  of  Charles  Burger. — In  the  year  1863  Charles  Burger  was 
shot  and  killed  near  the  Iowa  State  line  by  his  neighbor,  Christopher 
ShaefPer.  A  grudge  of  long  standing  had  existed  between  the  two 
men,  and  Burger,  it  appears,  had  been  in  the  habit  of  killing 
ShaefPer'  a  stock  whenever  an  opportunity  for  so  doing  presented  itself. 
This  stuns  the  latter  to  madness,  and  he  was  heard  to  make  the  threat 
that  he  would  kill  Burger  if  his  stock  was  not  left  alone.  Hearing  the 
report  of  a  gun  early  one  morning  Mr.  ShaefPer  looked  in  the  direction 
of  Burger's  farm  and  saw  the  latter  in  the  field  shooting  at  some  hogs, 
which  he  (ShaefPer)  at  once  recognized  as  being  his  own.  Seizing 
his  gun  he  started  across  the  field,  and  when  near  Bui-ger  called  to 
him  to  stop  shooting,  whereupon  the  latter  turned  and  placing  his 
weapon  in  position  advanced  toward  the  enemy,  with  the  intention, 
doubtless,  to  shoot  him.  Shaeffer  brought  his  gun  to  aim  very  quickly 
and  fired  first,  the  entire  charge  taking  efPect  in  Burger's  breast,  kill- 
ing him  instantly.  After  committing  the  fatal  deed  ShaefPer  went 
back  to  his  home,  and,  ordering  his  wife  and  children  to  leave  the  house 
for  a  few  minutes,  took  ofp  his  boots,  seated  himself  in  a  chair,  placed 
the  muzzle  of  the  loaded  gun  barrel  to  his  forehead,  and  touching  the 
trigger  with  his  toes,  blew  nearly  the  entire  top  of  his  head  ofP. 
ShaefPer  was  a  discharged  soldier  from  Merrill's  Cavalry,  and  a  man 
of  reputable  standing  in  the  community.      Both  men  left  families. 

The  Elliott  Fratricide. — About  the  year  1863  there  occurred,  near 
the  southern  boundary  of  the  county,  in  Butler  Township,  a  bloody 
tragedy,  rendered  doubly  hon'ible  by  the  intimate  relationship  that 
existed  between  the  murderer  and  his  victim.  John  and  Hart  Elliott 
were  two  brothers  whose  fi'iendship  and  intimacy  had  long  been  the 
subject  of  comment  among  the  citizens  of  the  community.  No  trouble 
of  any  kind  had  ever  existed  between  the  two  men,  consequently  the 
startling   announcement   one  day   that   John  Elliott  had  killed   his 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  285 

brother  was  for  a  time  entertained  as  an  idle  and  silly  joke.  The  rumor, 
though  at  first  treated  with  indifference,  proved  only  too  true,  as  the 
body  of  Hart  was  found  in  the  woods  where  the  two  brothers  had  been 
at  work,  with  the  throat  cut  from  ear  to  ear.  What  led  to  the  com- 
mission of  the  bloody  deed  is  not  now  known.  John  Elliott  was 
arrested,  and  while  not  denying  having  committed  the  murder,  entered 
a  plea  of  insanity,  upon  which  he  was  cleared  in  the  trial  that 
followed.  His  defense  was  ably  conducted  by  Silas  Woodson,  William 
G.  Lewis,  S.  A.  Eichardson  and  J.  S.  Asper,  and  the  trial  is  remembered 
as  one  of  the  most  interesting  that  ever  took  place  in  Han-ison  County. 

Killing  of  John  Garrison. — -In  the  year  1866  or  1867  Riley 
Strickland  and  John  Garrison,  two  neighbors  who  resided  about  four 
miles  west  of  Eagleville,  had  a  difficulty,  which  resulted  in  the  death 
of  the  latter.  Rumors  charging  Garrison  with  undue  intimacy  with 
Strickland's  family,  while  the  latter  was  in  the  army,  had  for  some 
time  been  afloat,  and,  reaching  Strickland' sears,  caused  him  to  become 
beside  himself  with  rage.  Meeting  Garrison  upon  the  occasion  referred 
to,  Strickland  broached  the  matter  and  very  soon  a  bitter  war  of  words 
was  in  progress  between  the  two  men,  during  which  the  fatal  shot  was 
fired.  Strickland  was  arrested  and  tried  in  Bethany  before  a  jury 
which  could  not  agree  upon  a  verdict.  At  his  second  trial  he  was 
found  guilty  and  sentenced  to  imprisonment  in  the  county  jail  for  a 
term  of  one  year. 

About  the  year  1856  one  Dr.  Tennis  was  killed  in  a  Bethany 
saloon  by  the  barkeeper,  George  Young.  It  aj)pears  that  the  two  men 
had  a  difficulty  over  some  drinks,  and,  being  under  the  influence  of 
whisky,  they  soon  became  engaged  in  a  violent  quarrel,  during  the 
progress  of  which  Young  struck  the  Doctor  upon  the  bead  'with  a 
heavy  bottle,  inflicting  a  terrible  and  fatal  wound.  After  realizing 
what  he  had  done,  the  saloon  keeper  ran  out  of  the  building  and  made 
good  his  escape  from  the  town.  The  Doctor  lingered  in  great  agony 
for  a  few  days,  until  death  kindly  put  an  end  to  his  sufferings. 

Bloody  Deed  of  an  Insane  Man. — Benjamin  Nickerson,  a  resident 
of  Cypress  Township,  about  the  year  1867  or  1868,  while  laboring 
under  a  fit  of  insanity,  killed  his  wife  and  sister-in-law  with  a  large 
bludgeon,  literally  beating  their  heads  to  a  jelly.  He  was  arrested 
and  tried,  but  being  proved  violently  insane  at  the  time,  was  acquitted 
by  the  jury. 

Killing  of  McCollum. — In  July,  1864,  George  Williams,  a  returned 
Federal  soldier,  attempted  to  disarm  Isaac  B.  McCollum,  a  Southern 
sympathizer,  and  in  the  quarrel  which  ensued  the  latter  was  shot  and 


286  HiSTOEY  or  haebison  county. 

killed.  Williams  received  a  shot  in  the  leg,  but  was  not  otherwise 
injured.  He  was  indicted  for  the  killing  only  a  few  years  ago,  and 
after  quite  an  extended  and  exciting  trial,  was  cleared. 

Fatal  Stabbing  Affray. — On  the  night  of  February  15,  1875,  two 
brothers,  Jack  and  James  Urshin,  while  attending  a  social  party  at  the 
residence  of  F.  M.  Brower,  a  short  distance  northwest  of  Gainesville, 
became  involved  in  a  quarrel  with  a  young  man  by  the  name  of  Byron 
Harrison.  From  words  the  young  men  came  to  blows,  and  finally 
knives  were  drawn  by  all  three  and  fi-eely  used.  James  Urshin 
received  a  fatal  stab;  his  brother  was  seriously  cut  in  several  places, 
while  Harrison  received  three  or  four  ugly  wounds.  After  young 
Urshin' s  death,  Harrison  was  arrested,  but  the  facts  elicited  at  the 
trial  proved  conclusively  that  he  acted  in  self-defense. 

Fatal  Termination  of  a  Family  Feud. — About  the  year  1877  the 
citizens  of  the  northeastern  part  of  the  county  were  thrown  into  con- 
siderable excitement  by  the  shooting  of  William  C.  Chapman  by  Oxley 
Johnson.  The  fatal  deed  was  but  the  termination  of  a  family  trouble 
which  had  existed  between  the  two  men  for  a  number  of  years. 
Johnson  was  arrested  for  the  crime,  but  the  jury  failed  to  convict 
him. 

Shooting  of  William  Poynter.  — In  the  month  of  September,  1878, 
William  Poynter,  an  exemplary  citizen  living  at  Eagleville,  was  shot  and 
killed  by  a  cramp  near  that  village.  It  appears  that  several  worthless 
characters  and  lewd  women  camped  in  the  vicinity  of  the  town,  and 
one  day  a  number  of  boys  and  young  men  collected  for  the  purposes 
of  invitincf  them  to  leave  the  neighborhood.  While  in  conversation 
with  the  villagers,  one  of  the  tramps  fired  his  revolver  into  the  crowd, 
the  shot  taking  efFect  in  young  Poynter' s  body,  causing  his  death  in  a 
short  time. 

Killing  of  Isaac  Moore. — -Friday  night,  April  5,  1878,  Isaac  Moore, 
an  old  citizen  of  Lincoln  Township,  was  shot  through  the  body  from 
side  to  side  with  a  musket  ball.  The  facts  of  the  matter  are  about 
these,  as  obtained  from  Mr.  Moore,  and  from  Jonah  Noah,  the  man 
who  did  the  shooting:  Moore  was  going  along  the  public  road,  and 
when  near  Noah' s  house,  Noah  fired  from  some  place  about  the  stable. 
Noah's  version  is  that  some  one  had  been  stealing  his  corn,  and  he 
suspected  a  certain  man  (not  Moore)  and  was  out  with  his  gun  watch- 
ing for  him.  By  and  by  a  man  came  along,  and  it  being  dark  he  could 
not  see  who  it  was,  but  supposed  it  was  the  one  who  had  been  stealing 
his  corn.  Without  warning  or  notice  of  any  kind,  and  while  Moore 
was  walking  along,  Noah  fired  with  the  above  result.     Noah  admitted 


STATE    OF   MISSOUEI.  287 

to  several  persons  that  he  shot  Moore,  but  did  not  know  it  was  Moore, 
but  thought  it  was  the  other  man.  The  next  day  (Saturday)  Noah 
gave  himself  up  before  Squire  D.  Adair,  and  a  preliminary  examina- 
tion was  held,  and  Noah  was  held  to  answer  to  the  circuit  court  in  the 
sum  of  $2,000.      Failing  to  give  bail  he  was  brought  to  jail  Sunday. 

When  Noah  saw  that  he  had  shot  Moore,  he  went  to  him,  took 
him  to  his  own  house  and  sent  for  a  physician. 

The  next  day  '  Squire  Adair  went  to  where  Moore  was  and  took  his 
affidavit.     The  affidavit  was  in  words  as  follows: 

[moore's  affidavit.] 

Isaac  Moore  states  on  his  oath  that  he,  Isaac  Moore,  was  going  down  towards 
his  timber,  to  look  after  the  fire  that  wag  in  the  prairie,  and  I  started  towards 
the  house  (meaning  Noah's,  we  suppose),  and  was  shot  in  the  public  highway. 
This  was  April  5,  1878,  after  dark. 

[Signed]  Isaac  Mooee. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  this  April  6,  1878.  David  Adaik,  J.  P. 

Noah  had  been  living  in  that  vicinity  but  a  short  time,  having 
removed  from  near  Denver,  Worth  County. 

Moore  died  on  the  7th,  and  the  same  day  the  sheriff  lodged  a  com- 
plaint with  'Squire  Howell,  charging  Noah  with  the  murder,  when 
he  was  rearrested.  He  plead  guilty  to  manslaughter,  and  was  sen- 
tenced to  the  State  prison  for  a  term  of  twenty  years.  He  served  only 
six  years  of  the  sentence,  having  been  pardoned  at  the  end  of  that 
time. 

Killing  of  Jacob  Fanster. — On  Thursday,  June  13,  1878,  in 
Washington  Township,  occurred  a  fatal  tragedy  resulting  in  the 
shooting  and  killing  of  Jacob  Fanster  by  William  W.  Jessee,  of  Mar- 
tinsville. In  September,  1876,  Fanster  was  indicted  by  the  circuit 
court  for  forging  a  school  warrant  on  a  school  district  in  Washington 
Township.  He  gave  bail  in  vacation  for  his  appearance  at  the  March 
(1877)  term,  but  failed  to  appear  at  the  designated  time.  He  left  the 
country,  and  was  not  heard  of  until  March,  1878,  when  it  was  learned 
that  he  was  in  Nebraska.  The  sheriff  of  Andrew  County  went  there, 
arrested  and  brought  him  to  Bethany  and  lodged  him  in  jail.  He  sub- 
sequently gave  bond,  W.  W.  Jessee  being  one  of  the  bondsmen. 
Learning  that  he  was  going  to  leave  the  coimtry.  Mi-.  Jessee  procured 
a  writ  of  recognizance  with  a  view  of  turning  him  over  to  the  sheriff. 
Fanster  attempted  to  make  his  escape,  and  in  so  doing  was  shot  and 
killed  by  Jessee.  Jessee  was  subsequently  tried  for  the  killing  in  the 
Harrison  Circuit  Court  and  acquitted. 

Mysterious  Death  of   a   Young  Lady. — In  October,    1879,    Miss 


288  HISTOEY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

Mollie  Monroe,  a  young  lady  living  in  Butler  Township,  disappeared 
from  her  home  under  very  mysterious  as  well  as  suspicious  circum- 
stances. It  appears  that  a  young  gentleman  by  the  name  of  Brown 
had  been  waiting  upon  her  for  some  time,  and  rumors  had  it  that  the 
two  were  to  have  been  married. 

One  day  Brown  qait  the  neighborhood  but  left  her  |50  with  which 
to  join  him  as  soon  as  he  succeeded  in  finding  a  location.  From  that 
time,  however,  it  is  said  that  she  never  heard  anything  further  fi'om  her 
absent  lover.  On  the  second  day  of  October,  1879,  she  left  her  home 
without  saying  anything  to  her  parents,  going,  no  one  knew  whither, 
but  the  general  supposition  was  that  her  intention  was  to  join  Brown. 
Over  one  year  elapsed  before  any  trace  of  the  missing  young  lady  was 
discovered.  On  Wednesday,  April  20,  1880,  some  one  passing  through 
the  woods  near  her  father's  house  found  iloating  in  the  wind  from  the 
limb  of  a  small  tree  the  torn  fragments  of  a  dress.  This  aroused  the 
man's  curiosity,  and  searching  among  the  fallen  wood  and  brush  in 
the  vicinity,  he  soon  iliscovered  a  human  skull,  and  in  a  ravine  a  short 
distance  away  a  number  of  bones  and  pieces  of  woman' s  clothing  were 
found.  Some  of  the  bones  had  been  carried  to  the  side  of  the  road  by 
hogs.  Mrs.  Monroe  recognized  the  di'ess  as  the  one  worn  by  her 
daiighter  the  day  she  left  home.  How  the  young  lady  met  her  death 
will  perhaps  forever  remain  a  mystery.  Some  think  that  she  de- 
stroyed herself,  while  others  maintain  that  it  could  have  been  nothing 
short  of  murder. 

Murder  of  Albert  Hines.  — At  Hampton ville.  May  15,  1880,  oc- 
curred the  murder  of  Albert  Hines,  a  well-to-do  citizen,  who  had  been 
doing  the  blacksmithing  at  that  place  for  a  number  of  years.  Sometime 
before  that  date  John  H.  Lawson  went  to  the  shop  and  ordered  a  clevis 
made,  which  he  had  charged  to  William  Black,  his  brother-in-law,  as 
Lawsbn's  credit  was  not  good.  A  few  days  afterward  Black  stejiped 
into  the  shop,  when  Hines  asked  him  for  the  pay  for  making  the  clevis, 
stating  that  Lawson  told  him  that  Black  wanted  it.  Black  denied 
that  he  had  authorized  Lawson  to  have  it  made  for  him.  As  soon  as 
Black  saw  Lawson  he  told  him  what  Hines  had  said,  which  Lawson 
denied,  and  swore  he  would  see  Hines  about  the  matter.  On  the  1 5th 
some  words  passed  between  the  two  men,  the  result  of  which  was  that 
Lawson  struck  Hines  several  times  upon  tlie  head  with  a  heavy  piece 
of  iron. 

Hines'  skull  was  cracked  in  four  or  five  places,  and  one  piece  of  the 
bone  was  entirely  gone.  Several  men  were  standing  by  but  they  did 
not  interfere  until  the  work  was  done.     Hines  soon  got   up,  walked 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  289 

into  his  house,  and  was  conscious  for  an  hour  thereafter,  and  related 
the  afPair  over  several  times.  He  soon,  however,  grew  faint,  and  lin- 
gered until  Thursday  morning  about  4  o'clock,  when  he  breathed  his 
last. 

Lawson  stayed  a  short  time  at  Hamptonville  after  doing  the  deed 
when  he  left  for  the  woods.  Later  in  the  evening  the  constable  and  a 
number  of  men  followed  him  and  finally  overtook  him.  He  was  killed 
in  the  edge  of  Iowa  by  his  brother-in-law,  William  Black,  he  having 
first  attempted  to  kill  Black. 

Death  of  Stephen  Workman. — In  April,  1869,  Noah  M.  Enloe 
and  Stephen  Workman  became  involved  in  a  quarrel  about  five  miles 
east  of  Bethany.  Of  the  nature  of  their  trouble  but  little  is  now 
known,  although  it  appears  that  both  men  were  armed  for  the  affray. 
Enloe  shot  Workman,  who  died  at  7  o'clock  the  same  evening,  the 
trouble  having  occurred  about  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  Enloe  was 
tried  and  acquitted. 

*The  Hallock  Murder — Trial  and  Execution  of  Josejih  P.  Hamilton. 
—At  about  2  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  July  14,  1871,  Elisha  W.  Hallock  who 
lived  a  few  miles  east  of  Princeton,  in  Mercer  County,  was  shot  and 
killed  upon  his  own  premises.  The  murdered  man  at  the  time  of  his 
death  was  about  forty-eight  years  of  age,  his  wife  being  twenty- 
eight  years  old.  The  latter  was  a  widow  with  one  child  at  the  time  of 
her  marriage  with  Hallock,  her  name  being  Caroline  Lewellyn.  She 
came  from  Blackford  County,  Iowa,  where  it  is  said  her  standing  in 
society  was  not  very  desirable.  There  was  living  in  the  Hallock  family, 
as  a  farm  hand,  a  young  man  named  Joseph  P.  Hamilton,  probably 
eighteen  years  old.  Soon  after  the  killing,  and  on  the  same  day,  Hamil- 
ton and  Mrs.  Hallock  were  arrested  as  the  murderers.  The  prisoners 
took  a  change  of  venue  from  Mercer  County.  Mrs.  Hallock' s  case  was 
sent  to  Putnam  County,  where  she  was  tried  and  acquitted,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1873. 

Hamilton's  case  was  sent  to  Harrison  County,  and  on  the  second 
day  of  the  term  of  circuit  court,  beginning  on  July  28,  1873,  his  trial 
began.      In  substance  the  proof  by  the  State  was  as  follows : 

The  prisoner  had  been  living  with  Hallock  about  eighteen  months, 
during  which  time  a  criminal  intimacy  sprang  up  between  him  and 
Mrs.  Hallock.  This  was  carried  on  until  the  time  of  Mr.  Hallock' s 
death. 

A  few  days  before  the  murder,  Mr.  Hallock  found  on  the  sewing 
machine  a  letter   signed  "  W.  H.  N."  which  threatened  his  life  and 

♦From  account  published  in  the  Bethany  Rtpublican. 


290  HISTOKY    OF   HARKISON    COUNTY. 

demanded  11,000  to  be  sent  through  the  Princeton  postoffice  to  the 
above  mysterious  address.  This  occurred  about  two  days  before  the 
shooting.  In  the  forenoon  of  the  day  of  the  homicide,  young  Hamil- 
ton went  to  the  house  of  one  Flaherty,  about  two  miles  distant,  and 
asked  Mrs.  Flaherty  if  she  had  a  revolver.  There  was  one  in  the 
house,  and  he  wanted  to  buy  it.  After  looking  at  it  he  wanted  the 
bullet  molds,  but  upon  learning  that  there  were  some  bullets  ah-eady 
molded,  he  decided  to  take  them  and  leave  the  molds.  He  then 
called  for  caps,  stating  that  Mr.  Hallock's  life  had  been  threatened, 
and  he  wanted  the  revolver  to  defend  himself.  He  told  a  similar  story 
to  several  others  and  then  returned  to  Mi-.  Hallock's. 

About  noon  he  and  Mrs.  Hallock  went  upstairs  together,  where 
they  remained  for  some  time,  Mrs.  Hallock  finally  coming  down 
with  the  report  that  Hamilton  was  sick.  ^\Tien  dinner  was  ready,  how- 
ever, Hamilton  made  his  appearance,  and  all  ate  together.  After 
dinner  Mrs.  Hallock  took  all  the  children,  and  went  after  blackbeiTies, 
leaving  Hallock  and  Hamilton  at  home  stacking  hay.  About  2 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  some  men  at  work  in  an  adjoining  field  on 
the  farm  heard  three  pistol  shots  in  rapid  succession,  then  two  caps 
snap,  then  another  shot.  A  little  boy,  named  Jewell  Hage,  at  work  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  north  of  Hallock's,  testified  that  he  heard  a  i^istol 
shot  in  the  direction  of  Mr.  Hallock's  stable,  and  looking  up  saw  Hal- 
lock running  toward  the  house,  with  Hamilton  in  close  pursuit.  He 
also  testified  that  he  saw  Hamilton  shoot  at  Hallock  twice  while  they 
were  running,  and  that  the  latter  fell  when  near  the  house. 

Shortly  after  the  murder,  Hamilton  went  on  horseback  to  the 
place  where  Mi-s.  Hallock  and  the  children  were,  and  told  them  that 
Mr.  Hallock  was  killed.  The  neighbors  hearing  of  the  murder  soon 
gathered  in,  and  suspecting  Hamilton,  promptly  arrested  him  for  com- 
mitting the  murder.  To  inquiries,  he  denied  having  shot  a  revolver 
that  day,  but  afterward  admitted  having  discharged  one  back  of  the 
field.  Search  being  made  through  the  house,  the  Flaherty  revolver 
was  found  up -stairs  between  the  quilts  of  the  bed.  "When  found  it  had 
been  freshly  shot  fz'om  two  barrels;  in  the  next  tubes  the  caps  had 
lately  been  exploded;  the  fifth  barrel  had  been  freshly  discharged, 
while  the  sixth  barrel  was  still  loaded.  Hallock's  rifle  was  foimd 
hidden  out  in  a  hay  stack,  and  Hamilton  said  he  secreted  it  himself 
because  Hallock's  life  had  been  threatened,  and  he  was  afi-aid  the 
latter  might  shoot  somebody. 

A  great  deal  of  other  testimony  not  so  du'ect,  but  corroborative  and 
strengthening  in  its  nature,  was  given  on  the  part  of  the  State. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  291 

After  being  out  about  one  hour  and  a  half,  the  jury  returned  a  ver- 
dict of  "  guilty  of  murder  in  the  first  degree."  While  the  paper  on 
which  the  verdict  was  written  was  being  passed  to  Judge  Richardson, 
and  the  latter  was  periising  before  reading  it  aloud,  the  prisoner 
regarded  the  proceeding  with  a  steady  and  unquailiug  eye.  When 
the  judge  read  the  terrible  verdict  which  virtually  doomed  Hamilton 
to  the  gallows,  the  young  criminal,  with  wonderful  nerve  or  indiffer- 
ence, remained  apparently  unmoved,  not  a  muscle  or  a  feature 
changing.  A  large  crowd  assembled  to  hear  the  sentence  of  death, 
and  a  solemn  gloom  seemed  to  pervade  the  audience.  During  the 
judge's  review  of  the  testimony  and  delivery  of  the  sentence,  the 
wretched  prisoner  leaned  his  head  upon  his  left  hand,  partly  shading  his 
face.  When  asked  by  the  judge  if  he  had  aught  to  say  why  sentence  of 
death  should  not  be  passed  upon  him,  he  arose  immediately,  and  rallied 
sufficiently  to  reply  in  a  low  tone,  ' '  I  have  nothing  to  say. ' '  Before 
being  remanded  to  jail  the  prisoner  whispered  briefly  to  the  judge,  and 
said  in  substance  ' '  Judge,  do  not  blame  me  for  not  weeping.  It  is 
utterly  impossible.  I  have  not  shed  a  tear  for  seven  years,  but  I  feel 
as  deeply  as  any  man.  I  wish  to  say,  that  I  bear  no  ill-will  toward 
you,  and  to  bid  you  good-bye."  He  shook  hands  with  the  judge  at 
parting,  and  withdrew  in  charge  of  the  sherifp  and  his  deputy. 

Hamilton's  lawyers  promptly  appealed  his  case  to  the  supreme 
court  of  Missom-i,  hoping  to  have  the  judgment  against  him  reversed. 
The  cause  was  taken  up  by  the  supreme  coui't  at  its  February  term, 
1874,  and  the  verdict  of  the  lower  coui't  was  unanimously  sustained. 
This  action  reduced  the  prisoner's  chances  for  life  to  the  interposition 
of  the  Governor  of  the  State,  with  his  power  of  pardon  or  commutation 
to  imprisonment.  The  supreme  court,  in  affirming  the  decision  of 
the  lower  court,  failed  to  fix  a  time  for  execution,  leaving  that  to  the 
circuit  court.  No  official  notice  of  the  ruling  of  the  higher  tribiinal 
having  been  received  by  the  circuit  court  until  after  its  March  term, 
no  further  steps  toward  execution  were  taken  until  the  term  beginning 
the  fourth  Monday  in  September.  In  the  meantime,  after  the  action 
of  the  supreme  coiu-t,  Hamilton  and  his  friends,  grasping  at  the  only 
remaining  ray  of  hope,  went  to  work  to  get  a  commutation  of  the  pun- 
ishment to  imprisonment  for  life.  Petitions  were  circulated  freely 
in  Mercer,  Putnam,  Grundy,  Livingston  and  Harrison  Counties,  and 
many  people  signed  them.  Some  800  names  were  obtained  in  Mercer 
Count \',  where  the  crime  was  committed;  200  or  300  in  Harrison,  and 
several  hundred  in  the  other  counties.  During  the  summer  they  were 
presented  to  the  Governor,  who,  after  due  deliberation,  absolutely  re- 
fused to  interfere  with  the  court' s  decision. 


292  HISTOEY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

Previous  to  the  September  term  of  the  circuit  court  the  prisoner 
had  been  confined  in  the  Chillicothe  jail.  The  night  before  court 
Sheriff  Graham,  with  two  or  three  guards,  left  Chillicothe  with  him, 
and  reached  Bethany  near  sunrise  next  morning.  This  precaution 
was  used,  as  many  rumors  were  afloat  in  the  country  that  the  prisoner 
had  a  number  of  fi-iends,  desperate  characters,  who  had  threatened  to 
rescue  him  on  the  way  fi'om  Chillicothe  to  Bethany. 

At  the  September  term  of  the  coui't  Judge  S.  A.  Richardson  fixed 
Friday,  October  30,  1874,  as  the  day  of  execution.  About  the  middle 
of  October  Hamilton  made  a  sworn  confession  of  his  guilt.  It  was 
made  by  the  advice  of  those  interested  in  his  behalf,  and  with  a  belief 
on  their  part  that  it  would  present  features  that  might  obtain  from 
the  Governor  a  commutation,  or  at  least  a  respite.  Armed  with  this 
confession,  S.  C  Allen  and  others  visited  the  Governor  at  Trenton,  Mo., 
on  the  twenty- sixth  ult.,  and  once  more  interceded  with  that  digni- 
tary, but  the  latter  remained  obdurate,  and  refused  to  interfere  with 
the  course  of  the  law.  The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  doomed  man's 
confession: 

I  went  to  work  for  Elisha  W.  Hallock  on  his  farm  in  Mercer  County,  Mo., 
in  March,  1870.  I  was  then  in  my  sixteenth  year,  and  inexperienced.  In  May, 
1871,  Mr.  Hallock  went  to  Pennsylvania  on  business,  and  left  me  to  attend  his 
farm.  I  slept  upstairs  and  Mrs.  Hallock  below.  About  two  weeks  after  Mr. 
Hallock  left  she  had  my  bed  moved  downstairs.  A  few  nights  after  this  she 
called  me.  I  got  up  and  went  down  to  her  room,  and  asked  her  what  she  wanted. 
She  appeared  to  rouse  up  and  said  she  must  have  been  dreaming.  I  then 
returned  to  my  bed  not  suspicioning  anj'thing  wrong  with  the  woman.  A  few 
nights  after  this  she  called  me  again.  I  got  up  and  went  to  her  bed  and  asked 
her  what  she  wanted.  She  said  she  was  afraid  to  sleep  alone.  She  took  hold 
of  me  and  pulled  me  down  and  I  got  into  bed  with  her  *  *  »  *  » 
Next  morning  she  said  I  had  committed  a  rape  upon  her,  and  she  intended 
to  put  the  law  in  force  against  me.  This  confused  my  mind  for  I  did  not  know 
what  the  law  was  in  such  cases.  A  few  days  after  this  she  told  me  if  I  would 
put  Hallock  out  of  the  way  she  would  marry  me,  and  that  would  be  an  end  of 
the  matter.  She  proposed  to  me  to  get  poison  and  give  him,  but  I  refused  to 
give  my  consent.  She  said  that  she  had  poison,  but  I  could  not  consent  to  do  it. 
She  kept  working  on  me,  sometimes  persuading  and  at  others  threatening  me 
with  enforcing  the  laws  against  me,  and  tinally  gave  me  money  to  buy  a 
revolver  which  I  did. 

About  two  weeks  before  the  murder,  Hallock  and  his  wife  went  to  Prince- 
ton, Mo.,  to  do  some  trading.  Before  going  she  wanted  me  to  agree  to  be  at 
Muddy  Ci'eek  (which  is  about  one  mile  from  where  Hallock  lived)  on  their 
return,  and  shoot  Hallock.  I  ralhcr  consented  with  her  to  be  there,  but  did  not 
go.  On  the  14th  day  of  .July,  1871,  she  with  the  children  went  to  gather  black- 
berries, and  had  again  obtained  a  promise  from  me  to  take  Hallock's  life.  She 
had  taken  the  revolver  and  secreted  it  near  the  stable  door,  telling  me  where  to 
find  it.  We  had  been  hauling  hay,  but  had  finished  and  put  the  horses  in  the  stable. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  293 

I  had  about  concluded  to  make  a  clean  breast  of  the  whole  matter  to  Hallocl;. 
have  a  settlement  with  him  and  leave.  Whilst  in  the  stable  I  began  by  telling 
of  the  plot  between  his  wife  and  myself  to  take  his  life.  He  at  once  became 
very  mucli  enraged  and  called  me  a  liar,  and  other  hard  names,  when  I  then 
reached  and  ijot  the  revolver.  He  struck  me  on  the  head  with  a  pitchfork,  and 
also  stuck  the  fork  into  my  right  breast,  and  then  was  when  the  terrible  deed 
.was  committed.  I  had  no  desire  nor  inclination  of  my  own  to  seek  or  take  Hal- 
lock's  life,  nor  would  I  have  done  so  had  I  not  been  persuaded  and  scared 
Into  it  bv  Mrs.  Hallock.  The  first  night  after  the  murder,  she  came  to  me  after  I 
had  been  arrested,  and  promised  to  furnish  me  money  to  defend  myself,  and 
that  she  would  swear  me  clear  if  she  could. 

Joseph  P.  Hamilton. 
Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this  24th  day  of  October,  1874. 

William  C.  Heaston, 
Clerk  County  Court,  Harrison  County,  Mo. 

A  supplementary  statement  veas  made  when  the  last  hope  of  re- 
prieve had  vanished,  Hamilton  adding  a  number  of  paragraphs  to  his 
confession,  among  which  were  the  following: 

I  was  born  December  14,  1853  Hallock's  rifle  was  hidden  in  the  haystack 
by  his  wife,  I  think  on  the  morning  of  the  day  the  murder  was  committed. 
The  letter  found  on  the  sewing  machine  was  written  by  Mrs.  Hallock,  and 
placed  there  bj'  her.  Mrs.  Hallock  gave  me,  I  believe,  six  dollars  on  the  morn- 
ing the  murder  was  committed,  to  buy  a  revolver.  When  I  came  with  the 
revolver  I  hid  it  in  the  straw  stack,  which  was  about  a  half  or  quarter  of  a  mile 
from  the  house,  and  told  Mrs.  Hallock  where  it  was.  She  got  the  same  and 
hid  it  in  the  stable,  and  arranged  with  me  where  to  put  it  when  done  with  it. 
The  family,  especially  Hallock's  small  children,  have  my  deepest  sympathy,  as 
I  was  caused  in  an  evil  moment  to  commit  that  which  I  never  should  have  done 
if  I  had  been  left  free  to  act  of  my  own  accord;  but  if  compelled  to  pay  the 
extreme  penalty  of  the  law,  I  hope  to  meet  them  in  the  future  world  where  all 
things  will  be  set  even. 

At  last  thp  day  of  execution  approached,  and  with  it  came  an  im- 
mense multitude  of  people.  Large  numbers  had  aiTived  the  night  be- 
fore, filling  all  the  hotels  to  overflowing,  and  many  camped  with  their 
wagons  on  the  bottom  north  of  the  town.  The  day  was  overcast  and 
gloomy,  a  piercing  northwest  wind  penetrating  to  the  bone  at  every 
gust,  with  a  driving  snow  storm.  Early  in  the  forenoon  a  large  crowd 
of  men,  women  and  children  gathered  in  front  of  the  jail,  filled  with  a 
morbid  curiosity  to  get  a  glimpse  of  the  condemned  youth  through 
the  grated  windows  of  his  prison.  The  crowd  increased  until  a  dense 
body  of  people  completely  blocked  the  street.  A  thousand  upturned 
faces  seemed  transfixed,  totally  disregarding  the  storm  of  snow 
that  was  being  driven  against  them  by  the  bitter  northwest  wind,  with 
eyes  steadily  fastened  upon  the  small  and  gloomy  apertures  that 
frowned  down  upon  them.  Until  the  hour  of  departure  the  crowd 
stood  there.      At  the  same  time  the  stores,  hotels,  restaurants,  ofiices 


294  HISTORY    OF    HABRISON    COUNTY. 

and  all  places  of  business  were  filled  witli  people,  and  the  sidewalks 
were  but  a  living  mass  of  hiunanity. 

At  12:30  o'clock  P.  M.  preparations  were  made  to  remove  the 
prisoner  to  the  scaffold.  A  posse  of  forty  men  under  charge  of  Col.  W. 
P.  Robinson,  were  placed  in  front  of  the  jail  to  keep  back  the  crowd  and 
otherwise  preserve  order.  A  vehicle  was  driven  up,  and  halted  in  front 
of  the  jail.  The  sheriff  then  appeared  with  the  prisoner,  who  with  tirm 
step  and  serene  countenance  entered  the  vehicle.  The  sheriff  and  the 
prisoner  sat  side  by  side;  several  other  persons  had  seats  in  the  con- 
veyance, among  whom  were  Rev.  L.  Hallock  and  Judge  D.  B.  Boyce. 
No  sooner  had  the  prisoner  and  escort  started  than  a  grand  rush  was 
made  by  the  crowd  for  the  place  of  execution.  From  the  jail  to  the 
northwest  corner  of  the  square,  at  least  275  yards,  the  street  fi'om 
side  to  side  was  a  sea  of  people,  the  great  mass  of  whom,  as  if 
actuated  by  a  common  impulse  or  panic,  took  the  double  quick. 
At  that  moment  only  one  thought  actuated  them,  to  get  an  advan- 
tageous position. 

The  scaffold  was  situated  near  the  foot  of  the  hill   north  of  th 
public   square.      The  hill  to  the  south  of    the  scaffold   rises  rather 
abruptly,  forming  a  kind  of  amphitheater,  so  that  one  standing  on 
its  top  could  see  distinctly. 

While  the  great  crowd  was  surging  like  an  immense  wave  or  bil- 
lows of  the  sea  toward  the  place  of  execution,  the  most  intense 
emotion  and  excitement  prevailed.  The  windows  of  houses  all  along 
the  route  were  filled  with  women  too  tender  in  heart  to  witness  the 
awful  spectacle  of  death,  many  of  whom  were  crying  aloud  in  grief. 
The  excitement  heaving  in  the  breasts  of  many  men  was  so  great  as 
to  deprive  them  of  their  presence  of  mind. 

When  the  vehicle  drew  up  near  the  rope  surrounding  the  scaffold, 
the  prisoner  arose  promptly  and  was  assisted  to  alight.  The  sheriff 
then  led  him  forward  followed  by  ministers  and  a  number  of  physicians, 
and  the  cortege  entered  the  enclosure,  marched  partly  around  the 
scaffold  and  ascended  the  steps.  Sheriff  Graham  and  the  prisoner 
stood  up  while  the  former  read  the  death  warrant.  On  being  asked 
if  he  had  anything  to  say,  he  took  a  drink  of  water,  stepped  forward 
and  made  the  following  remarks:  "Ladies  and  gentlemen,  I  have 
been  brought  here  to-day  to  be  executed.  I  have  nothing  to  say 
regarding  my  crime,  I  know  that  I  have  been  wicked,  but  I  believe  my 
sins  are  forgiven.  The  officers  of  the  court  and  all  persons  have 
treated  me  with  uniform  kindness.  George  Graham,  the  sheriff,  has 
always  treated  me  as  a  gentleman.  I  hope  all  will  forgive  me  as  I  for- 
give all;  I  have  nothing  more  to  say.   Thank  you  for  your  attention. " 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  295 

He  sank  into  a  seat  and  wept  convulsively.  A  hymn  was  sung,  and 
an  earnest  prayer  offered  by  Kev.  Mr.  Hallock.  *  *  The  prisoner 
■was  dressed  in  black  throughout,  his  clothing  being  new  and  neatly 
fitting.  He  was  of  a  slight  and  graceful  form,  delicate  features,  dark 
eyes,  brown  hair  and  a  light  mustache.  He  made  a  handsome 
appearance,  and  his  general  demeanor  and  heroic  struggle  to  meet 
death  bravely  seemed  to  soften  the  harsh  feeling  which  many  had 
entertained  toward  him.     *     * 

The  sheriff  led  him  forward  upon  the  fatal  trap  and  began  to 
arrange  the  black  cap.  It  became  entangled  slightly,  when  the 
prisoner  said  with  a  shudder,  "It  is  too  small."  He  reached  up  and 
drew  the  cap  over  his  face  himself.  The  sheriff  then  looped  the 
deadly  rope  about  Hamilton's  neck,  bade  a  final  farewell  to  his  charge, 
and  pinioned  his  arms  and  limbs.  The  prisoner  was  murmuring  broken 
prayers  all  these  moments;  his  last  audible  words  being  "Lord  save." 

All  drew  back  from  the  doomed  man,  whose  clothes  were  now 
whitened  by  the  falling  snow.  A  moment  of  agony,  and  the  drop 
fell.  After  the  drop,  the  body  remained  motionless  except  from 
vibration  or  the  swaying  of  the  wind.  This  was  followed  by  a  slight 
contraction  of  the  limbs,  then  a  terrific  quivering,  and  the  soul  of 
Joseph  P.  Hamilton  crossed  the  boundary  line,  and  took  its  flight  out 
into  the  great  unknown.  The  body  was  examined  by  a  number  of 
physicians,  and  after  seventeen  minutes  suspension,  was  cut  down,  and 
placed  within  a  neat  velvet  covered  coffin,  and  buried. 

Shortly  after  the  funeral  it  was  rumored  that  the  grave  had  been 
robbed  of  the  body.  A  number  of  citizens  in  order  to  satisfy  them- 
selves as  to  the  truthfulness  of  the  rumor,  reopened  the  grave,  and 
found  that  the  head  and  right  arm  had  been  removed. 

Suicides. — The  following  is  only  a  partial  list  of  the  many  suicides 
that  have  occurred  from  time  to  time  in  HaiTison  County: 

In  April,  1861,  Rice  Banta  of  Eagleville  committed  suicide  by 
taking  strychnine. 

In  January,  1864,  an  old  gentleman  by  the  name  of  McCray,  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  county,  committed  suicide  by  shooting  him- 
self. No  cause  was  assigned  for  the  rash  deed.  In  February,  1870, 
Noah  Neece,  aged  fifty-five  years,  committed  self  destruction  by 
hanging.  April,  1873,  F.  M.  Duncan,  a  resident  of  Gentry  County, 
committed  suicide  at  the  residence  of  William  Ray,  Butler  Township, 
this  county,  by  cutting  his  throat  with  a  razor.  He  was  laboring 
under  a  fit  of  temporary  insanity  at  the  time. 

In  October,  1876,  D.   Pinkerston,  a  prominent   citizen  of  Union 


296  HISTORY    OF    HARBISON    COUNTY. 

Township,  attempted  to  commit  suicide  by  hanging  himself.  Accom- 
panied by  a  small  step-son  be  went  to  the  barn  and  from  there  to  the 
smokehouse,  in  which  the  boy  heard  a  noise  like  the  moving  of  a  box. 
Going  into  the  building,  the  little  fellow  discovered  Mr.  Pinkerton 
hanging  by  a  small  rope  from  a  beam  overhead,  having  kicked  the 
box  from  under  him.  The  boy  with  admirable  presence  of  mind  cut 
the  rope,  and  then  ran  for  assistance,  llr.  Pinkerton  lingered  for  a 
short  time,  but  finally  died  from  the  efFects  of  the  hanging. 

A  young  lady.  Miss  Emmeline  Baker,  drowned  herself  and  illegit- 
imate child  in  April,  1878,  in  a  pool  of  water  in  Lincoln  Township. 

Lindsey  Dowell,  of  Fox  Creek  Township,  committed  suicide  on 
the  29th  of  January,  1880,  by  hanging  himself  with  a  whip  lash.  He 
was  a  mere  boy,  only  sixteen,  and  committed  the  deed  in  a  fit  of 
despondency,  occasioned  by  an  incurable  ailment  of  the  eyes. 

In  1880  or  1881,  an  old  man  by  the  name  of  Andrew  ^^chroff,  who 
lived  a  few  miles  from  Bethany,  committed  suicide  by  shooting  him- 
self.    Cause  not  known. 

About  the  year  1881  or  1882  Samuel  Moore,  a  resident  of  Colfax 
Township,  shot  and  killed  himself  on  account  of  his  wife  refusing  to 
live  with  him. 

The  last  suicide  committed  in  the  county  was  that  of  W.  L.  Fox- 
worthy,  which  occurred  in  April,  1886. 

The  following  from  the  Bethany  Republican  is  an  account  of  the 
sad  affair. 

"He  was  well  educated,  intelligent,  and  a  gentlemen  in  every 
respect.  He  became  connected  with  the  public  schools  of  the  county, 
and  was  a  popular  teacher.  He  taught  three  terms  of  school  in  the 
TuU  neighborhood,  and  had  begun  on  a  fourth  term  the  Monday 
before  his  death.  While  teaching  there  he  formed  the  acquaintance 
of  Miss  Fanny  Tull,  whose  sad  death  last  fall  from  consumption  will 
be  remembered .  The  acquaintance  ripened  into  friendship  and  then 
love.  They  became  engaged,  and  the  day  of  the  marriage  was  set. 
Miss  Tull  was  rapidly  failing  in  health,  but  neither  one  of  there  seemed 
to  comprehend  that  it  was  possible  death  was  so  soon  to  mar  all  their 
bright  anticipations  and  plans  for  the  future.  To  her,  with  all  the 
beautiful  visions  of  life  just  dawning,  hope  held  out  the  certainty  of 
recovery  and  many  years  of  pleasure  and  happiness  with  her  lover  and 
husband.  To  him,  that  one  so  young,  bright,  fair  and  beautiful, 
should  be  standing  so  near  the  golden  gates  of  Heaven,  was  incompre- 
hensible. He  refused  to  believe  or  even  think  it.  Alas!  the  rude 
awakening  came.       The  bright  dream  of  life  vanished.       Two  days 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  297 

before  the  wedding  was  to  be  death  claimed  its  victim,  and  all  the 
world's  glory  was  shut  out  from  the  lover's  eyes  forever.  All  of  his 
hopes  and  ambitions  were  covered  up  by  the  clods  of  her  grave. 

"After  her  death  it  was  noticed  by  his  fi-iends  that  he  was  a  differ- 
ent man.  He  became  gloomy  and  despondent,  and  brooded  over  his 
great  sorrow.  He  visited  the  grave  of  his  lost  love  many  times,  and 
remained  for  hours  communing  with  her  spirit.  His  great  grief  and 
brooding  overtm'ned  his  reason,  causing  him  finally  to  commit  his 
rash  act. 

' '  He  taught  his  school  from  Monday  until  Wednesday  night,  when 
he  went  over  to  the  house  of  Mi'.  Tolliver,  near  the  Bodam  mill,  where 
he  remained  over  night.  There  he  sharpened  his  razor,  and  shaved 
himself.  In  the  morning  he  returned  to  his  school  and  taught  until 
evening.  "When  he  dismissed  his  scholars  he  told  them  he  had  the 
worst  headache  he  ever  had  in  his  life.  He  was  then  seen  crossing 
the  fields  toward  the  Bodam  schoolhouse,  three  miles  away,  by  neigh- 
bors, and  was  not  seen  again  alive.  The  scholars  went  to  school 
next  morning,  but  he  did  not  appear.  That  evening  his  friends 
became  alarmed  over  his  absence,  and  resolved  upon  a  search  for  him 
the  next  morning.  Early  Saturday  morning  Mr.  Jacob  Bodam  sent 
one  of  his  little  boys  to  their  schoolhouse  near  by,  to  see  if  Mr.  Fox- 
worthy  was  there,  and  was  following  up  himself,  when  the  little  fellow 
came  running  back  with  the  word  that  he  was  there  dead.  A  large 
crowd  of  neighbors,  who  had  intended  searching  for  him,  was  soon 
gathered  there.  The  body  lay  upon  its  right  side,  and  about  eighteen 
inches  from  his  right  arm,  which  was  extended,  lay  the  instrument  of 
death,  a  bloody  razor.  Examination  showed  two  wounds  in  his  neck, 
each  beginning  just  below  the  ear  on  either  side,  and  extending  down 
to  the  windpipe.  Each  cut  must  have  severed  the  jugular  vein  and 
death  was  very  quick.  He  had  removed  his  collar  and  cufPs  and  laid 
them  upon  the  desk.  From  every  appearance  he  must  have  committed 
the  deed  Thursday  night,  as  rats  had  eaten  into  his  face  in  two  dif- 
ferent places.  On  the  blackboard  was  written  with  chalk,  '  I  am 
an  innocent  man.  Telegraph  to  father.'  Then  followed  the  ad- 
dresses of  his  father  and  uncle  in  Indiana.  No  letters  or  papers 
were  found  upon  the  body  to  explain  his  act. " ' 

Fatal  Accidents. — The  following  are  among  the  fatal  accidents 
that  have  been  chronicled  in  Harrison  County  during  the  last  thirty 
years : 

Campbell  Dale,  drowned  in  Trail  Creek,  February,  1861.  William 
R.  Allen,  burned  to  death  while  attempting  to  save  some  papers  from 

19 


298  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

his  burning  building  in  1863.  Four  small  children  killed  in  a  burning 
building  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county  in  1861.  John  Lay, 
drowned  at  Gainesville,  May,  1867;  body  found  five  days  later.  Miss 
Nevada  Hill    and  a  little   daughter  of  Mrs.  Harrison,  drowned  June, 

1867,  in  Cat  Creek,  near  the  southern  boundary  of  the  county.     In 

1868,  Miss  Delilah  Plymer,  of  Bethany,  while  attempting  to  kindle  a 
fire  with  kerosene  oil,  was  burned  to  death.  Jackson  White,  accident- 
ally shot  and  killed  himself  while  hunting,  January,  1871.  In  March, 
1871,  J.  G.  Bryant,  of  White  Oak  Township,  was  kiUed  by  the  falling 
of  a  tree.  On  the  26th  of  May,  1870,  a  little  daughter  of  Daniel 
Thomas  was  burned  to  death  about  two  miles  west  of  Bethany. 
December  14,  of  the  same  year,  a  three-year-old  daughter  of  C.  J. 
White  was  biu'ned  to  death  at  his  home,  east  of  Eagleville.  In  May, 
1860,  a  son  of  Mr.  Burl,  aged  twelve  years,  was  drowned  in  the  creek 
near  Bethany.  August  1,  1876,  Warner  Burris,  a  little  son  of  Judge 
George  Burris,  was  crushed  to  death  beneath  a  large  pile  of  lumber 
which  was  blown  down  by  the  wind.  This  sad  affair  occurred  at  the 
village  of  Mitchellville.  December  3,  1876,  a  little  child  of  Charles 
Paine  was  accidentally  burned  to  death  in  Bethany.  A  son  of  Ransom 
D.  Hook,  of  Union  Township,  was  killed  by  a  falling  pole  March, 
1877.  July  12,  1878,  Mr.  Foster,  an  old  gentleman,  was  found  dead 
on  the  road  leading  fi-om  Eagleville  to  Iowa — supposed  to  have  been 
sunstroke.  In  July,  1878,  a  little  child  of  Augustine  Stoner,  of 
Madison  Township,  met  with  a  violent  death  by  running  against  a 
pitchfork  with  which  it  was  playing.  The  prongs  of  the  fork  pene- 
trated the  little  fellow's  breast,  causing  his  death  within  a  couple  of 
hours  after  the  accident  occurred. 

A  few  years  ago,  P.  A.  Brooks,  who  lived  several  miles  west  of 
Bethany,  met  with  a  fatal  accident  under  the  following  circumstances: 
Early  in  the  morning  he  harnessed  a  pair  of  mules  to  do  some 
hauling,  and  led  them  to  a  well  to  water,  and  in  so  doing  looped  the 
halter  strap  around  his  arm  to  hold  them.  While  at  the  well  the 
animals  became  frightened,  and  started  to  run,  dragging  Mr.  Brooks 
over  the  ground,  and  kicking  him  in  the  face  at  almost  every  jump. 
They  ran  quite  a  distance,  and  only  stopped  on  reaching  some  timber 
and  thick  brush,  which  arrested  them.  The  gentleman  who  owned 
the  team,  not  knowing  what  detained  Brooks,  went  to  look  after 
him,  and  saw  the  blood-stained  path  made  by  his  body  being  dragged 
over  the  ground.  He  followed  the  path  and  soon  came  to  where  the 
mules  were,  with  the  unfortunate  man's  arm  still  fastened  in  the 
loop  and  not  yet  dead.    He  lived  but  a  few  minutes  after  found,   dying 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  299 

in    great    agony.       His  face   was    horribly  cut,  and  his   body  badly 
marked. 

In  April,  1881,  while  attempting  to  extinguish  the  fire  of  a  burn- 
ing fence,  a  young  lady,  daughter  of  William  Stone,  of  Martinsville, 
was  horribly  burned,  from  the  effects  of  which  she  died  in  about 
eight  hours.  William  O.  Thomas,  a  little  son  of  Leonidas  Thomas, 
was  crushed  to  death  by  a  saw-log,  August  19,  1874,  at  West  Bethany. 
November,  1882,  a  boy  by  the  name  of  Levi  Koach,  accidentally  shot 
and  killed  himself  while  hunting  near  the  village  of  Martinsville. 
Some  time  in  the  seventies  a  young  man  by  the  name  of  Linville,  an 
employe  in  Smith's  mill,  at  Bethany,  while  at  work  was  caught  in  the 
machinery,  which  so  mangled  him  that  he  lived  biit  a  few  hoirrs. 

RELIGIOUS    HISTORY. 

Churches  of  Bethany. — The  subject  of  Christianity  occupies  a 
conspicuous  place  in  the  history  of  every  enlightened  community, 
and  it  is  to  the  credit  of  the  early  settlers  of  Harrison  County 
that  they  were  in  the  main  a  moral  and  God-fearing  people.  'Tis 
true  there  were  among  the  pioneers,  as  is  the  case  in  all  newly 
settled  countries,  a  rough  element,  ignorant,  vicious  and  worthless, 
but  this  element  in  Harrison  County  was  the  exception,  and  com- 
prised only  a  few  of  the  people.  Of  the  majority  their  moral  char- 
acter was  good,  and  scarce  was  the  nucleus  of  a  settlement  formed 
ere  steps  were  taken  to  counteract  in  some  way  the  influence  of  the 
lawless  and  evil-minded.  This  early  led  to  efforts  at  religious  organi- 
zation and  instruction,  and  often  hymns  of  praise  were  mingled  with 
the  sound  of  the  pioneer's  ax.  The  Baptist  and  Christian  denomina- 
tions were  the  pioneers  of  religion  in  Harrison,  and  the  latter 
is  still  the  strongest  church  numerically  in  the  county.  Elders  A.  B. 
Hardin,  of  the  Baptist,  and  John  S.  Allen,  of  the  Christian  Church, 
are  supposed  tu  have  been  the  first  ministers  of  any  denomination  to 
proclaim  the  "  good  tidings  that  should  be  to  all  men  "  in  the  wilder- 
ness of  what  is  now  Harrison  County. 

The  former  held  religious  worship  as  early  as  1841,  in  the  South- 
ern part  of  the  county,  and  to  the  earnest  efforts  of  the  latter  the  first 
church  society  in  Harrison  was  organized  the  same  year.  This  was 
the  Bethany  Christian  Church,  which  diu-ing  a  long  period  of  years 
has  been  one  of  the  strongest  and  most  influential  religious  organiza- 
tions in  northern  Missouri. 

Soon  after  Elder  Allen  located  in  the  new  country  be  began  hold- 
ing  meetings  at  Hanis'   mill,  and  a  little  later  at  the  residence  of 


300  HISTORY    OF    HABRISON    COUNTY. 

John  H.  Poynter,  about  two  miles  southeast  of  Bethany,  where,  in  the 
summer  of  1841,  an  organization  was  effected  with  the  following 
members:  John  H.  Poynter  and  wife,  Thomas  Tucker  and  wife, 
Miss  Tobitha  Tucker,  Miss  Nettie  Tucker,  Ephraim  Stewart  and  wife, 
W.  R.  Allen  and  wife,  John  S.  Allen  and  wife,  Thomas  Brown  and 
wife,  John  W.  Brown  and  wife,  A.  W.  Allen,  William  C.  Allen, 
Levi  Reeves  and  Mary  Jennings,  all  of  whom  had  formerly  belonged 
to  the  same  branch  of  the  church  in  the  State  from  which  they 
emigiated.  Philip  Harris  and  wife  united  with  the  congregation,  a 
short  time  after  the  organization,  and  it  was  at  their  residence  that 
services  were  held  at  intervals  for  several  years.  John  W.  Brown  and 
Ephraim  Stewart  were  elected  elders  of  the  congregation,  and  ' '  Big 
Creek  "  was  adopted  as  the  name  by  which  the  chui'ch  should  be 
known.  Elder  Allen  continued  to  preach  at  stated  intervals,  and, 
during  the  progress  of  a  series  of  revival  meetings  conducted  by 
him  in  the  fall  of  1842,  the  congregation  was  increased  by  over 
twenty  additions,  among  whom  were  many  of  the  leading  citizens  of 
the  community.  For  two  or  three  years  meetings  were  held  alter- 
nately at  the  residences  of  David  Buck  and  Philip  Harris,  and  after 
the  latter  moved  from  the  country  Mr.  Buck's  dwelling  was  the  prin- 
cipal place  of  worship  until  the  erection  of  a  house  for  church  and 
school  purposes  in  1846.  This  building  was  a  comfortable  hewed, 
log  structure  20x24  feet  in  size,  and  stood  about  one-quarter  of  a  mile 
east  of  Bethany,  upon  a  tract  of  land  donated  for  church  and  burial 
purposes.  It  answered  well  for  what  it  was  intended,  and  for  several 
years  was  the  only  building  of  its  kind  in  the  vicinity  of  Bethany. 
It  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1849. 

The  society  iinder  the  faithful  ministrations  of  Elder  Allen,  assisted 
by  Ephraim  Stewart,  who  fcegan  preaching  soon  after  the  organiza- 
tion was  effected,  continued  to  increase  in  numbers  and  influence,  and 
from  1849  to  1855  met  for  worship  in  the  courthouse  at  Bethany.  In 
the  latter  year  a  substantial  brick  edifice  30x50  feet  was  built  on 
Alder  Street,  where  the  parsonage  now  stands,  at  a  cost  of  $3, 500.  Here 
the  society  met  and  prospered  until  the  year  1870,  at  which  time  the 
rapidly  growing  congregation  foreshadowed  the  necessity  of  a  more 
commodious  house  of  worship.  Accordingly,  in  that  year,  at  the  close 
of  a  series  of  successful  revival  services,  resulting  in  ninety  additions 
to  the  church,  it  was  decided  to  erect  a  new  building  of  enlarged  pro- 
portions, work  upon  which  commenced  a  short  time  thereafter.  A  lot 
on  Alder  Street,  adjoining  the  one  occupied  by  the  first  building,  was 
procured  from  John  S.  Allen,  and  work  upon  the  new  structure  was 


STATE    OF    MISSODBI.  301 

pushed  forward  as  rapidly  as  the  nature  of  the  enterprise  would  admit. 
The  building  was  completed  in  1872,  at  a  cost  of  $7,000,  and  is  by  far 
the  finest  specimen  of  church  architecture  in  Harrison  County.  It 
is  40x70  feet  in  size,  elegantly  finished  and  furnished,  and  from 
its  elevated  position  in  one  of  the  finest  parts  of  the  city  commands 
an  extensive  view  of  the  sittrounding  country. 

Elder  John  S.  Allen  continued  to  look  after  the  interests  of  the 
church  from  the  time  of  its  organization  until  1870,  during  which  inter- 
val the  membership  increased  to  about  400.  Aside  from  his  pastoral 
labors  Elder  Allen  did  much  missionary  work  in  Northern  Missoui-i, 
and  assisted  in  the  organization  of  quite  a  number  of  churches  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  Harrison  and  neighboring  counties.  His  life  and  works 
are  too  well  known  to  need  especial  mention  in  this  connection.  He 
is  a  man  of  splendid  powers,  a  fine  pulpit  orator,  and  has  much  more 
than  a  local  reputation  as  an  energetic  and  successful  preacher. 

In  1872  Elder  W.  H.  Williams  became  pastor,  in  which  relation 
he  continued  about  two  years.  His  successor  was  Elder  Turney,  of 
Trenton,  under  whose  ministrations  the  church  made  substantial  prog- 
ress. The  next  pastor  was  Elder  James  Dunn,  of  Bethany,  W.  Va. , 
a  young  man  of  fine  abilities,  and  a  good  preacher.  He  ministered  to 
the  church  one  year,  at  the  end  of  which  time  Elder  W.  M.  Browder 
became  pastor.  As  a  preacher  Elder  Browder  had  few  superior  in  the 
west,  and  as  a  writer  his  name  is  known  wherever  the  Christian  Church 
has  an  organization.  In  connection  with  the  pastorate  Elder  Browder 
for  some  time  published  a  religious  journal  in  Bethany,  which  obtained 
a  good  circulation.  Elder  A.  F.  Parker  succeeded  Elder  Browder, 
and  served  the  church  with  great  acceptance  for  one  year.  His  suc- 
cessor was  Elder  Alexander  Elliott,  who  preached  two  years.  Will- 
iam P.  Summers  was  the  next  regular  pastor.  He  served  the  chui-ch 
one  year,  and  was  followed  by  the  present  incumbent,  Elder  W.  H. 
Hook,  who  began  his  labors  in  the  spring  of  1887.  Elder  Hook  is  an 
earnest  and  effectual  preacher,  a  good  pastor,  and  through  his  instru- 
mentality, quite  a  number  of  members  have  been  added  to  the  church. 

Besides  the  regular  pastors,  several  eminent  ministers  of  the  gospel 
from  abroad  have  visited  the  church  from  time  to  time,  and  broken  to 
them  the  bread  of  life.  Among  them,  and  chiefest,  the  distinguished 
Benjamin  Franklin  may  be  mentioned.  He  visited  the  church  dur- 
ing the  pastorate  of  Elder  Williams,  and  assisted  in  a  revival  which 
resulted  in  over  ninety  accessions.  Elder  M.  M.  Goode,  of  St.  Joseph, 
preached  a  series  of  discourses  a  few  years  ago,  and  by  his  able  pres- 
entation of  the  truth  did  much  toward  building  up  and  strengthening 


302  HISTOKT   OF   HAEKISON   COUNTY. 

the  congregation.  Among  others  who  held  meetings  at  different  times 
were  Elders  Benjamin  Lockhart,  D.  T.  Wright,  Benjamin  Smith  and 
Aaron  Walker.  The  membership  at  this  time,  owing  to  deaths  and 
removals,  is  not  so  strong  as  formerly,  the  records  of  1887  containing 
the  names  of  about  250  communicants.  The  church  officers  are  M. 
S.  Gillidett  and  W.  H.  Hook,  elders;  Wintield  Eads,  M.  Carnelison, 
John  Rupe,  George  W.  Phillips  and  A.  D.  Stubbs,  deacons.  The 
elders  of  the  church  act  as  trustees.  M.  S.  Gillidett  is  superintend- 
ent of  the  flourishing  Sunday-school,  which  has  an  average  attendance 
of  eighty-five  scholars. 

Methodist. — The  history  of  Methodism  in  Harrison  County  dates 
from  the  fii'st  settlement  of  the  country  by  white  men.  Since  then  it 
has  maintained  a  firm  and  steadUy  increasing  hold  on  the  people,  until 
it  is  one  of  the  strongest  and  most  useful  church  organizations  in  the 
county,  with  an  actual  active  membership  of  over  1,000,  and  property 
valued  at  a  high  sum.  Although  the  settlement  in  the  county 
of  a  number  of  Methodist  families  from  the  older  States  secured  the 
presence  and  attention  of  traveling  ministers,  and  doubtless  the  tem- 
porary formation  of  classes  or  societies,  as  they  are  called,  and  in  that 
way  unquestionably  gave  to  the  church  here  a  historical  existence, 
dating  fi'om  a  very  early  day,  yet  it  is  not  certain  that  the  denomina- 
tion had  any  permanent  foothold  in  Bethany  untU  the  lapse  of  several 
years  after  the  founding  of  the  town.  From  the  best  information 
obtainable  it  appears  that  traveling  ministers  of  the  church  visited 
the  locality  in  an  early  day,  going  from  house  to  house  and  from 
neierhborhood  to  neighborhood,  holding  meeting's  until  their  influence 
was  felt  and  impressed  upon  the  people  long  before  any  organization 
was  effected  or  house  of  worship  built.  But  little  is  now  known  of 
these  early  preachers  except  that  they  were  eminently  pious  and  use- 
ful in  their  day.  Their  very  names  meant  the  Methodism  of  the 
times,  and  their  lives  were  bright  examples  of  goodness  and  holiness, 
which  exerted  an  influence  for  good  in  the  community  for  many  years 
after  they  had  passed  away.  While  it  cannot  be  stated  with  precision 
when  meetings  were  first  held  in  Bethany,  it  is  pretty  certain 
that  a  society  was  formally  organized  son:e  time  in  the  fifties  if  not 
earlier.  The  first  records  of  the  church  not  being  accessible  it  is 
impossible  to  give  the  precise  date  of  the  organization,  the  circum- 
stances which  led  thereto,  or  the  names  of  the  original  members. 
For  a  number  of  years  the  society  was  regularly  supplied  with  preach- 
ing, and  worshiped  in  the  first  courthouse  on  the  public  square. 
The  earliest  record  now  obtainable  dates  from  the  year  1863,  at  which 


STATE    OF    MISSOUBI.  303 

time  Eev.  Stephen  G.  Anderson  was  pastor.  In  the  year  following 
Rev.  John  Morehead  ministered  to  the  society,  and  the  class  continued 
to  meet  in  the  courthouse.  In  the  intervals  between  1864  and  1873 
the  church  was  served  by  the  following  pastors:  Revs.  Mahan,  Spiu'- 
lock,  Hale,  Dill,  Graham,  Cave,  Rozzell,  Hollingsworth  and  Beards- 
ley.  It  was  during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  IVIr.  Beardsley,  in  1870-71, 
that  the  church  building,  now  used  by  the  congregation,  was  erected 
and  dedicated.  Building  material  at  that  time  was  quite  expensive, 
and  had  to  be  hauled  by  teams  from  Chillicothe,  making  the  structure 
cost  over  $4, 000.  The  building  is  a  commodious  edifice  with  a  seating 
capacity  of  400,  but  upon  special  occasions,  with  the  use  of  chairs,  has 
accommodated  many  more  than  that  number.  In  the  three  years  which 
followed  the  erection  of  the  building  the  church  was  served  a  second 
time  by  Rev.  Mr.  Morehead,  and  also  by  Rev.  Isaac  Hallock,  both 
of  whom  labored  zealously  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  society.  In  the 
year  1875,  during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Mi-.  Hallock,  the  church  was 
blessed  with  a  gracious  revival,  in  which  some  twenty-five  or  thirty 
united  with  the  congregation.  Mr.  Hallock  was  assisted  in  the  work 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Bennett,  of  Mercer  County. 

From  1878  to  1881  Rev.  J.  G.  Thompson  was  pastor,  at  the  expir- 
ation of  whose  term  Rev.  Isaac  Chivington  took  charge  of  the  circuit. 
He  labored  two  years,  and  was  successful  in  maintaining  an  interest  in 
the  church.  Up  to  the  year  1883  the  district  in  which  Bethany  is 
situated  was  served  by  the  following  presiding  elders:  Wence, 
Huffman,  Hopkins,  Thompson,  Warner,  Bayle  and  Powell.  In  March, 
1883,  Rev.  William  Renter  was  appointed  to  the  work  of  the  circuit. 
He  served  two  years,  during  which  time  fourteen  members  were  added 
to  the  congregation.  The  work  at  that  time  included  the  chui'ch  at 
Ridgeway,  eleven  miles  north  of  Bethany.  Rev.  F.  T.  Stevenson 
became  pastor  in  April,  1885,  but  resigned  the  position  the  following 
September.  His  successor  was  Rev.  J.  B.  Grove,  who  served  the 
unexpired  term.      Rev.    F.   W.  Pierce  was  af)pointed  in  the  spring  of 

1886,  and  served  until  the  spring  of  1887,  at  which  time  he  took  charge 
of  the  Gainesville  work  in  the  northeast  part  of  the  county.     In  March, 

1887,  Rev.  R.  L.  Thompson,  the  present  incumbent,  became  pastor, 
since  which  the  church  has  enjoyed  a  degree  of  prosperity  unparalleled 
in  any  previous  period  of  its  history.  During  a  series  of  revival  meet- 
ings held  by  Mr.  Thompson  in  the  fall  of  1887  there  were  over  seventy 
conversions  and  fifty  accessions  to  the  church.  Rev.  Mr.  Thompson 
is  well  known  to  the  Methodists  of  Northwest  Missouri,  and  occupies  a 
leading  place  in  the  ministry.     He   is   a   man  of  fine  abilities,    an 


304  HISTOBY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

impressive  pulpit  orator,  and  has  few  equals  and  no  superiors  as  a 
pastor.  He  has  already  won  an  abiding  place  in  the  afFections  and 
confidence  of  the  people  of  Bethany,  irrespective  of  chui-ch  or  creed, 
and  by  his  earnest  and  untiring  efforts  has  induced  many  to  abandon 
the  ways  of  sin  for  the  better  way  leading  to  life  and  holiness. 

Bethany  was  made  a  station  in  1887,  since  which  time  services  have 
been  held  every  Sabbath  to  the  great  advantage  of  the  congregation; 
present  membership  is  140.  The  officers  of  the  church  for  1887  are  as 
follows:  Class  leaders,  Z.  T.  Rose  and  J.  \V.  Smith;  stewards, 
IVIrs.  Hattie  Myers,  Mrs.  J.  Wightman,  Mrs.  E.  Papineau,  George  W. 
Wanamaker,  George  W.  Barlow  and  Miss  Lou  Lewis;  trustees,  G. 
W.  Barlow,  V.  Price,  J.  M.  Simms,  M.  A.  Ford,  John  ^V.  Kenyon,  C. 
Crossan  and  C.  V>.  Myers.  The  Sunday-school,  under  the  auspices 
of  this  church  from  the  time  of  its  organization  many  years  ago,  has 
been  regularly  and  successfully  kept  up,  and  has  proved  not  only  of 
inestimable  value  to  the  young,  but  a  great  blessing  to  the  chiu'ch. 
At  present  it  is  in  a  prosperous  condition,  with  an  average  attendance 
of  120.  The  officers  are  as  follows:  Michael  McCollum,  superintend- 
ent; Mrs.  Dr.  Vandivert,  assistant  superintendent;  Henry  Moulton, 
treasui'er;  Will  Cover,  librarian;  Miss  Hattie  Dunn  and  Mrs.  Anna 
Spencer,  organists.  Teachers,  A.  Cushman,  William  Myers,  J.  L. 
Thompson,  IMrs.  J.  L.  Thompson,  Mrs.  Bonser,  Miss  Blanche  Simms, 
Miss  Morgan,  Miss  Lou  Lewis,  Miss  Annette  Cover  and  Henry 
Moulton. 

Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church.  — The  history  of  the  Cumber- 
land Presbyterian  Church  in  Bethany  dates  fi-om  the  10th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1865,  at  which  time  an  organization  was  effected  through  the 
labors  of  Rev.  Robert  Speer  with  the  following  members:  Bethuel 
Buck,  Mary  Buck,  Robert  Speer,  Margaret  Speer,  Nancy  D.  Speer, 
Samuel  P.  Speer,  John  Holland  and  ]\Iargaret  Holland.  Bethuel 
Buck  was  elected  ruling  elder,  and  the  following  year  William  G. 
Lewis  was  chosen  elder,  a  position  he  filled  with  great  acceptance  for 
several  years.  The  courthouse  was  used  by  the  congregation  until 
1868,  when  a  lot  was  procui'ed,  and  the  present  handsome  brick  edi- 
fice erected.  The  building  is  a  commodious  structure,  40x50  feet 
in  size,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  350,  and  represents  a  capital  of 
$2,000.  The  building  has  been  greatly  improved  from  time  to  time, 
and  is  now  a  very  comfortable  and  creditable  temple  of  worship. 
Among  the  pastors  and  stated  supplies  of  the  chiirch  fi-om  time  to 
time  have  been  Revs.  Robert  Speer,  J.  W.  French,  J.  M.  Reagan, 
Henry  Tharp,  Levi  Henshaw  and  J.  F.  Rogers. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  305 

February,  1867,  the  following  trustees  were  elected :  Betliuel  Buck, 
William  G.  Lewis  and  B.  C.  Batten.  Marquis  Gunn  was  elected 
treasurer  of  the  church,  November,  1869,  and  at  the  same  meeting 
James  A.  Brewer  was  chosen  clerk.  Among  the  ruling  elders  of  the 
congregation  were  the  following:  Bethuel  Buck,  William  G.  Lewis, 
James  A.  Brewer,  Marquis  Gunn,  M.  K.  Howell,  H.  L.  Schnatterly, 
James  Berry  and  Thomas  Alexander.  The  ruling  elders  at  this  time 
are  M.  K.  Howell,  James  Berry,  Thomas  Alexander  and  Marquis 
Gunn.      Trustees,  M.  K.  Howell,  Marquis  Gunn  and  William  O' Neil. 

Cainesville  Churches. — The  Cainesville  Baptist  Church  was  formally 
organized  in  March,  1845,  at  what  vvas  known  as  Goshen  Prairie,  in 
Mercer  County,  about  six  miles  southeast  of  the  present  site  of  the 
town.  The  record  of  the  organization  reads  as  follows:  "We,  Will- 
iam Prewett,  William  Chambers,  Rebecca  Chambers,  his  wife ;  Rebecca 
MuUins,  Sarah  Wolf,  Catherine  Mullins  and  Sarah  Griffith,  having 
met  at  the  house  of  David  Mullins,  in  Mercer  County,  Missouri,  on  the 
third  Sabbath  of  March,  1845,  and  having  been  formerly  members  of 
the  Baptist  Church,  after  public  worship  conducted  by  Elder  William 
Henderson,  do  agree  to  form  oui'selves  into  a  United  Baptist  Church 
capacity. ' ' 

After  drafting  and  adopting  articles  of  faith,  William  Chambers 
was  elected  clerk,  pro  tern.,  and  the  name  Zoar  given  to  the  church. 
Among  those  who  united  with  the  congregation  in  an  early  day  were 
Mary  Davis,  Jane  Keefer,  Hannah  Hart,  Elmira  Nordyke,  Susannah 
Chambers,  Elizabeth  Chambers,  Almira  Chambers,  Elizabeth  Burns, 
Eliza  Bunyard,  Deborah  Lyall,  Isaac  M.  Seay,  Israel  Nordyke,  James 
T.  Chambers,  Isaiah  Chambers,  Franklin  Burns,  Elijah  E.  Bruce, 
Henderson  Dagley  and  William  J.  Nordyke. 

After  holding  meetings  at  private  residences  a  few  years,  a  house 
of  worship  was  erected  about  one  and  a  half  miles  southeast  of  Caines- 
ville, on  land  donated  for  the  purpose  of  a  church  and  cemetery  by  B. 
F.  Burns.  The  building  was  a  frame  structiire,  28x40  feet  in  size, 
the  interstice  between  ceiling  and  weather  boarding  filled  with  soft 
brick,  and  the  room  furnished  with  seats  manufactured  from  split  linn 
trees.  These  seats  were  merely  rude  benches  without  backs,  and 
served  as  an  excellent  means  of  testing  the  spirituality  of  an  audie?ice 
during  the  long  discourses  for  which  public  worship  in  the  good  old 
days  was  noted.  Rev.  Mr.  Blakely  served  the  church  as  pastor  dur- 
ing the  early  period  of  its  history,  and  is  remembered  as  a  very  pious 
and  successful  preacher.  Rev.  John  Woodward  was  perhaps  the  next 
to  sustain  the  pastoral  relation.     He  accomplished  a  good  work   for 


306  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

the  church,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Chesley  Woodward,  an  able 
and  highly  esteemed  preacher,  under  whose  ministration  the  congre- 
gation enjoyed  seasons  of  great  prosperity.  He  filled  the  pulpit  at 
stated  intervals  for  five  or  six  years,  during  which  time  the  member- 
ship was  increased  by  numerous  additions.  In  1867  Elder  John 
Woodward,  successor  of  Chesley  Woodward,  and  assisted  by  Elder  W. 
R.  Goodell,  held  a  series  of  revival  meetings,  the  immediate  result  of 
which  was  about  fifty  accessions  to  the  church.  The  following  year 
Elder  Woodward  was  assisted  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Burrows,  who  entered 
the  ministry  immediately  after  his  conversion,  and  who  has  since  earned 
the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  successful  ministers 
in  the  Baptist  Church  in  Northwest  Missouri.  Mr.  Burrows  accepted 
the  pastorate  in  1870,  and  continued  in  that  relation  with  great  accep- 
tance for  a  period  of  some  three  years.  About  1870  the  wants  of  the 
congregation  foreshadowed  the  necessity  of  a  house  of  worship  of  en- 
larged proportions;  accordingly  a  movement  was  inaugurated  to  erect  a 
suitable  building,  for  which  a  lot  in  the  southeast  part  of  Cainesville  was 
donated  by  Rev.  Mr.  Woodward.  The  house,  a  beautiful  fi-ame,  30x45 
feet,  was  completed  in  due  time,  at  a  cost  of  §1, 200.  It  has  been  remod- 
eled at  different  times,  and  with  additional  improvements  is  the  most 
commodious  and  comfortable  church  edifice  in  the  town,  seating  com- 
fortably over  300  peojale.  Upon  removing  to  the  town  the  name  Zoar 
was  dropped,  and  since  that  time  the  society  has  been  known  as  the 
Cainesville  Baptist  Church. 

Since  the  expiration  of  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  John  Woodward, 
with  the  exception  of  about  one  year,  during  which  the  puljait  was 
filled  by  Rev.  James  M.  Woodward,  Elder  J.  H.  Buitows  ;has  minis- 
tered to  the  church.  Revs.  J.  F.  Moody  and  V.  M.  Harper  preached 
at  intervals  during  the  absence  of  Elder  Burrows,  but  were  not  called 
to  the  pastoral  relation. 

The  church  is  one  of  the  most  flourishing  societies  in  the  West 
Pork  Association,  numbering  at  this  time  over  150  communicants,  the 
largest  membership  since  the  organization.  The  chui'ch  oflBcers  are 
Ralph  Woodward,  senior  clerk;  John  W.  Chambers,  treasurer;  B.  F. 
Burns  and  R.  Woodward,  deacons. 

The  Sunday-school  under  the  auspices  of  the  church  is  in  prosper- 
ous condition,  the  average  attendance  being  about  ninety-five.  M.  F. 
Oxford  is  superintendent.  The  teachers  are  S.  R.  Cleveland,  John 
Bun'ows,  John  Woodward,  Roy  Chambers,  W.  C.  Frazier,  Jane  Ox- 
ford, Katie  Wilson  and  Herbert  Rogers. 

Cainesville  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  — The  history  of  this  soci- 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  307 

ety  dates  from  about  the  year  1859,  at  which  time  an  organization  was 
efPected  by  Rev.  Mr.  Morton,  with  eight  or  ten  members,  among  whom 
are  remembered  the  following:  Barney  Baker  and  wife,  Mrs.  Keturah 
Tucker,  Mrs.  Nancy  Frazee,  Mrs.  Laura  Bailey,  Mrs.  Rhoda  Pierce, 
Ellen  Pierce,  Oliver  Neal  and  Mrs.  Patsy  Neal.  The  old  village 
schoolhouse  was  used  as  a  meeting  place,  where,  for  a  number  of 
years  class  and  prayer  meetings  were  regularly  held  by  a  few  of  the 
faithful  members,  the  attendance  frequently  being  but  three  or  four. 
The  society  did  not  increase  very  rapidly  d\u'ing  the  early  years  of  its 
history,  and  at  one  time  during  the  dark  days  of  the  war  the  member- 
ship became  somewhat  indifPerent.  There  were  several,  however,  whose 
faith  remained  strong  and  steadfast  and  whose  eiloi'ts  kept  the  congre- 
gation fi'om  being  disorganized. 

Rev.  Mr.  Morton  was  succeeded  as  pastor  by  Rev.  Mi-.  Gaither, 
who  preached  two  years.  Additional  to  the  above,  the  following  min- 
isters sustained  the  pastoral  relation  from  time  to  time:  Revs.  Mc- 
Knight,  Prince,  Hail,  New,  Baker,  Enyart,  Dashler,  Orr,  Taylor,  Al- 
len, Canady  andDevelin.  Under  the  pastoral  labors  of  Rev.  Mr.  Dash- 
ler, the  society  was  especially  prosperous,  while  Revs.  Baker,  Enyart, 
and  Hail  conducted  successful  revivals,  which  resulted  in  numerous 
accessions  to  the  church.  The  congregation  continued  to  worship  in 
the  schoolhouse  until  1871,  at  which  time  the  present  neat  frame  edi- 
fice, representing  a  capital  of  $1,300,  was  erected  and  formally  dedi- 
cated. In  the  spring  of  1887,  a  fi-ame  parsonage  was  built  at  a  cost 
of  about  $700.  The  pastor  in  charge  at  this  time  is  Rev.  Mr.  Burris. 
S.  H.  Glaze  is  class  leader,  and  Chai-les  Case  superintends  the  Sun- 
day-school, which  is  reported  in  prosperous  condition.  The  teachers 
are  AVilliam  Frazier,  S.  H.  Glaze,  I.  N.  Elliott,  Charles  Case,  Levi 
Hunt,  L.  D.  Bain  and  Emma  Neal.  Owing  to  deaths  and  removals, 
the  chiirch  is  not  as  strong  as  formerly. 

Christian  Church. — This  society  was  established  in  the  fall  of  1872 
by  members  of  an  old  society  which  was  organized  a  number  of  years 
ago  at  Booth's  schoolhouse,  three  miles  north  of  the  town.  The  chief 
movers  in  bringing  about  the  Cainesville  organization  were  J.  B.  Ox- 
ford, A.  Booth  and  E.  Booth,  who  in  the  year  1872  began  to  discuss 
the  advisability  of  building  a  house  of  worship  in  the  town.  A  lot 
was  accordingly  procured  and  a  subscription  in  favor  of  the  building 
started,  to  which  the  citizens  generously  responded.  The  house  was 
soon  under  way,  and  pushed  forward  as  rapidly  as  the  nature  of  the 
work  would  admit.  It  was  completed  in  due  time  at  a  cost  of  about 
11,200,  after  which  the  organization  was  effected  by  Elder  William  H. 


308  HISTORY   OF   HARRISON   COUNTY. 

Hook,  of  Bethany,  assisted  by  Zachariah  Ogle,  James  D.  Oxford, 
A.  and  E.  Booth.  The  membership  at  the  time  of  the  organization 
was  about  thirty-five  or  forty,  the  majority  of  whom  made  the  "good 
confession"  during  a  revival  meeting  conducted  by  Elder  Josephus 
Porter.  Elder  Porter  visited  the  church  at  intervals  thereafter,  and 
by  conducting  series  of  revival  meetings,  did  much  toward  strength- 
ening the  congregation.  The  following  preachers  have  ministered  to 
the  church  from  time  to  time:  Elders  W.  H.  Hook,  J.  D.  Oxford,  T.  B. 
Scoville,  J.  L.  Vannoy,  William  Richardson,  Samuel  Hedrick,  J.  H. 
Coffey  and  the  present  pastor,  H.  I.  Bryant;  present  membership, 
eighty;  elders,  A.  Booth,  E.  Booth  and  W.  Booth;  deacons,  Dun- 
can and  Stephen  Rogers;  Sunday-school  superintendent.  Dr.  W.  D. 
Bryant. 

Christian  Church,  at  Booth' s  schoolhouse,  north  of  Gainesville,  to 
which  reference  is  made  above,  was  organized  in  1865  by  Elder  William 
Moore.  The  original  membership  was  about  twenty-five  or  thirty,  a 
number  which  has  since  increased  to  eighty.  Meetings  are  still  held 
in  the  schoolhouse.  ^Yilliam  Moore  and  A.  Booth  have  been  the  prin- 
cipal persons  in  conducting  the  services.  A  Sunday-school  with  an 
average  attendance  of  seventy- five  is  superintended  by  Mr.  Booth. 

Methodist  Church. — A  few  miles  west  of  Gainesville,  in  Madison 
Township,  is  a  society  of  the  Methodist  Ghurch,  whose  history  dates  from 
about  1857.  Meetings  had  been  held  by  traveling  ministers  at  private 
residences  two  or  more  years  previous  to  that  time,  but  in  that  year  a 
permanent  organization  was  effected,  and  a  log  house  of  worship  was 
erected.  In  this  building  several  denominations  conducted  public  wor- 
ship, but  it  was  always  known  as  a  Methodist  Chiu'ch.  In  1877  the 
old  building  was  replaced  by  a  beautiful  fi-ame  structure,  one  of  the 
finest  country  churches  in  Harrison  Gounty.  The  society  is  in  a  pros- 
perous condition,  and  is  ministered  to  at  this  time  by  Rev.  John  Bur- 
ns, pastor  in  charge  of  the  Gainesville  Circuit. 

Churches  of  Eagleville  and  Vicinity. — The  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  of  Eagleville  was  organized  some  time  jirior  to  1858,  in  a  log 
schoolhouse  which  stood  near  the  village.  But  limited  satisfaction 
was  derived  in  tracing  the  early  history  of  this  society,  the  first  records 
not  being  accessible,  and  nearly  all  the  old  members  having  died  or 
removed  to  other  parts.  Among  the  earliest  preachers  are  remem- 
bered Revs.  Derie,  Burton,  Anderson  and  Gave,  and  in  the  list  of 
early  members  were  A.  Barber  and  wife,  Joel  Hall  and  wife,  and  John 
Whitsett. 

In  about  the  year  1859  a  lot  was  procured  in  the  southwestern 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  309 

part  of  Eagleville,  and  a  little  later  a  frame  house  of  worship  was 
erected  thereon.  The  building  was  not  completed  for  several  years, 
but  answered  the  purposes  of  the  congregation  until  sufficient  means 
could  be  raised  to  put  it  in  proper  condition.  It  has  been  remodeled 
at  different  times,  and  is  now  a  comfortable  and  commodious 
structure. 

The  class  is  not  as  strong  numerically  as  in  the  earlier  years  of  its 
history,  the  number  of  communicants  at  this  time  being  but  thirty. 
J.  L.  Hunsicker,  class  leader;  J.  L.  Hunsicker  and  Mrs.  HofPman, 
stewards;  Mr.  Schaeffer,  Mrs.  Hoffman  and  Mrs.  Wyant,  trustees. 

Eagleville  Baptist  Church  was  organized  in  April,  1864,  by  Rev. 
John  Woodward,  with  thirteen  members,  among  whom  were  the  fol- 
lowing: Thomas  Dickey,  Hamilton  Dickey,  Mary  Dickey,  Nancy 
Dickey,  Emma  Fitch,  William  Baldwin,  Louisa  Richey  and  Mrs. 
Richey.  The  organization  was  effected  in  the  Methodist  Church, 
which  was  used  by  the  congregation  until  1872.  In  that  year  a  beau- 
tiful frame  house  of  worship  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $1,500. 
The  pastors  of  the  church  have  been  Revs.  John  Woodward,  six 
years;  J.  H.  Burrows,  four  years;  then  Mr.  Woodward  again  for  two 
years;  M.  N.  Allen  a  short  time,  and  V.  M.  Harper,  two  years.  In 
1875  the  church  had  the  names  of  175  members  upon  the  records,  a 
number  which  has  since  greatly  decreased,  the  present  membership 
being  fifty  four. 

The  Eagleville  Christian  Church  was  organized  some  time  in  the 
sixties  by  Elder  Lockhart,  who  held  a  revival  meeting  in  the  village, 
the  result  of  which  was  sixty  conversions.  Services  were  held  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  halls  and  other  places  until  1875,  at 
which  time  a  good  fi-ame  building,  30x50  feet  in  size,  was  erected. 

The  church  was  reorganized  in  the  fall  of  1886,  by  Elder  Jasper 
Coffey;  present  membership,  eighty.  The  pastor  in  charge  is  Elder 
William  Richardson.  The  Sunday-school  under  the  superintendency 
of  A.  W.  Allen  has  an  average  attendance  of  forty  scholars. 

A  society  of  the  United  Brethren  Church  was  organized  at  Eagle- 
ville in  1883.  It  has  a  fair  membership,  and  is  ministered  to  at  this 
time  by  Rev.  David  Beauchamp. 

There  is  also  a  small  society  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
South,  which  meets  for  worship  in  the  Baptist  Church.  Rev.  Mr.  Set- 
tles is  pastor. 

Sundry  Churches. — Highland  Chapel  U.  B.  Church,  in  Union 
Township,  not  far  from  Eagleville,  was  built  in  1880,  at  a  cost  of 
$968.      It  is  a  one-story  frame  building  and  has  a  seating  capacity  of 


310  H18T0KY    OF    HAKRI80N   COUNTY. 

about  300.  The  society  which  meets  for  worship  at  Highland  Chapel 
has  a  small  membership,  ministered  to  at  this  time  by  Eev.  D.  A. 
Beauchamp.  The  building  stands  in  the  northwest  part  of  the  town- 
ship,  on  land  donated  by  Jeremiah  Mumma. 

Mount  Gilead  Christian  Church,  west  of  Eagleville,  was  organ- 
ized about  the  year  1876  or  1877,  and  at  this  time  has  an  active  mem- 
bership of  fi'om  sixty-five  to  seventy.  The  house  of  worship  is  a 
frame  building  erected  in  1877  or  1878.  The  pastor  in  charge  at  the 
present  time  is  Elder  Adams. 

Bethel  United  Brethren  Church,  in  Colfax  Township  (northern 
part),  is  a  flourishing  society,  numbering  in  the  fall  of  1887  about 
forty-two  members.  The  house  of  worship  is  a  neat  fi'ame  building, 
erected  about  the  year  1870  at  a  cost  of  over  $1,000. 

Mount  Pleasant  Baptist  Church  No.  2,  in  the  northeastern 
part  of  Colfax  Township,  was  organized  in  1853.  The  first 
pastor  was  Eev.  John  Woodward,  who  ministered  to  the  con- 
gregation at  intervals  for  a  number  of  years.  Three  years  after 
the  organization  a  log  building  was  erected  about  four  miles 
west  of  the  site  occupied  by  the  present  house  of  worship.  The 
present  building,  a  fi-ame  structure,  was  erected  in  the  year  1877 
at  a  cost  of  $1,200.  Rev.  Joseph  H.  Burrows,  of  Cainesville, 
was  pastor  for  several  years,  after  whom  Eevs.  Harper  and 
Woodward  preached  at  different  times;  present  pastor,  Eev.  O. 
E.  Newman.  The  first  deacons  were  J.  V.  Brooks  and  Gr.  J.  Ward- 
rip;  pi'esent  deacons,  E.  T.  Eichardson  and  W.  Taylor;  trustees,  E. 
T.  Eichardson,  J.  N.  Eichardson  and  J.  W.  Brooks. 

The  Methodists  have  a  strong  organization  and  a  substantial 
house  of  worship  at  the  village  of  Akron,  in  Clay  Township.  Th^ 
present  building  was  erected  in  1873,  and  dedicated  by  Eev.  Amos 
Wilson,  of  Leon,  Iowa.  The  membership  at  this  time  is  about  sixty- 
tive.  The  Sunday-school  is  under  the  efficient  superintendency  of  E. 
N.  Roberts. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  of  Akron  was  organized  December, 
1863,  by  Eevs.  William  Eeed  and  Duncan  McEuer.  David  and 
Morgan  Frazier  were  the  first  elders.  So  far  as  now  known  about  twenty 
members  went  into  the  organization.  The  present  house  of  worship 
was  erected  and  dedicated  in  1876;  present  membership,  sixty.  The 
pastor  in  charge  at  this  time  is  Eev.  Mr.  McKay.  William  Frazier  is 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school. 

The  Roman  Catholics  have  a  large  congi-egation  in  Clay  Town- 
ship.    A  beautiful  building  was  erected  in  the  year  1871,  since  which 


ii 


STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  311 

time  the  church  has  gone  by  the  name  of  Mound  St.  Mary.  Mass 
was  first  celebrated  in  the  building  by  Father  Powers,  of  Maryville, 
Mo.  The  present  pastor  is  Father  Coullen,  of  Stanberry.  The  origi- 
nal number  of  Catholic  families  belonging  was  twenty -two;  the  number 
at  this  time  is  forty. 

In  Lincoln  Township  is  a  society  of  United  Brethren,  the  organi- 
zation of  which  took  place  in  1865.  It  was  reorganized  in  1887  under 
the  name  of  Danford  Church,  and  at  this  time  has  a  membership  of 
thirty-five.  Rev.  David  Beauchamp  is  pastor.  There  is  also  a 
Christian  Church  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  township  which  has  a 
good  membership. 

Wesley  Chapel  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is  situated  in  Section 
17,  Washington  Township,  and  dates  its  history  from  about  the  year 
1865  or  1866.  There  were  twelve  original  members,  to  wit:  Adam 
Wilson  and  wife,  Elizabeth  Wilson,  Martha  Wilson,  George  Westlake 
and  wife,  Eli  Westlake,  Elizabeth  Baker,  Mrs.  Lent,  Margaret 
Bowser,  Emanuel  Fluke  and  wife.  The  building  in  which  the  con- 
gregation now  meets  for  worship  was  erected  in  1873,  at  a  cost  of 
$1,100.  Present  membership,  sixty;  pastor,  Rev.  W.  R.  Wood; 
class-leader,  Joseph  Wright;  trustees,  F.  Zimmerman,  J.  W.  Chesney, 
Joseph  Wright,  Abraham  Smith  and  J.  R.  Mitchell ;  recording  steward, 
J.  D.  Wilson. 

In  the  fall  of  1887  there  was  a  Bajptist  Church  organization  eflPected 
near  the  home  of  W.  S.  Young,  of  Washington  Township,  with  twelve 
charter  members  and  five  additions.  Elder  J.  B.  Seat  was  called  as 
pastor. 

White  Oak  Grove  (Missionary  Baptist)  Church,  in  the  southwest 
corner  of  Madison  Township,  was  organized  in  1885,  by  Revs.  Wood- 
ward, Harper  and  Withard.  Meetings  are  regularly  held  in  what  is 
known  as  the  Young  schoolhouse,  by  the  pastor.  Rev.  C.  M.  Withard; 
present  membership,  twelve. 

Pleasant  Valley  Baptist  Church,  southeast  part  of  Marion  Town- 
ship, was  organized  February  7,  1885,  by  Revs.  J.  H.  Burrows  and 
John  Woodward.  Meetings  were  held  in  the  Pleasant  Valley  school- 
house  until  the  summer  of  the  above  year,  when  a  temple  of  worship, 
costing  $800,  was  erected.  It  was  dedicated  in  September,  1885,  by 
Rev.  J.  H.  Burrows,  who  served  as  pastor  until  the  fall  of  1887; 
present  pastor.  Rev.  Mr.  Newman;  membership,  thirty-eight. 

Churches  of  Ridgeway. — There  are  two  religious  societies  at 
the  town  of  Ridgeway,  Methodist  Episcopal  and  Christian.  The 
former  was  organized  in  the  fall  of  1881,  by  Rev.  Isaac  Chivington, 


312  HISTORY    OF    HAEKISON    COUNTY. 

with  a  membership  of  about  twenty  or  twenty-five.  A  building  was 
erected  the  same  fall,  at  a  cost  of  $1,400.  It  is  a  frame  structure, 
stands  in  the  southern  part  of  the  town,  on  Pine  Street,  and  will  com- 
fortably seat  300  persons.  The  society  is  not  so  prosperous  as 
formerly,  the  membership  at  this  time  numbering  about  sixty.  The 
following  pastors  have  served  the  congregation  from  time  to  time: 
Revs.  Chivington,  Develin,  Renter,  Stevenson,  Grover,  Reno  and 
Pierce.  J.  E.  Opdyke  and  IVIrs.  J.  Travis  are  stewards;  Levi  Goodwin, 
classleader. 

The  Christian  Society  was  organized  May  21,  1882,  with  about 
forty-one  members.  The  minister  who  brought  about  the  organization 
was  Elder  W.  H.  Richardson.  Previous  to  the  organization  a  neat 
frame  building  was  erected  in  the  northwest  part  of  the  village,  at  a 
cost  of  $1,500.  It  was  completed  in  the  spring  of  1881.  W.  H. 
Richardson,  J.  H.  CofPey,  Elder  Parker  and  B.  A.  Wilkinson  have 
preached  for  the  congregation,  which  at  this  time  numbers  about  150. 
The  church  is  in  a  flourishing  condition,  and  is  ministered  to  at  the 
present  time  by  Elder  James  Connoran.  Officers,  William  Rakestraw, 
William  Ellington,  George  Grant  and  T.  J.  Hasty,  elders;  James 
Hughes,  Eliseph  Munson  and  Ellis  Hopkins,  deacons.  Connected 
with  the  chui'ch  is  a  prosperous  Sunday-school,  superintended  by  T.  J. 
Hasty;  the  teachers  are  SIi's.  L.  H.  Oxford,  Mrs.  S.  H.  Coleman,  Mrs. 
S.  D.  Rardin,  Mrs.  T.  J.  Hasty  and  L.  J.  Hasty.  Average  attendance, 
sixty- five. 

Churches  of  Blythedale.  —The  fii-st  religious  society  in  the  town 
of  Blythedale  was  a  Presbyterian  Church,  organized  in  1883,  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Presbyterian  Missionary  Board  of  New  York. 
This  board  offered  to  furnish  one-third  the  cost  of  a  building  if  the 
citizens  of  the  town  would  procure  the  balance — a  proposition  which 
was  accepted.  Accordingly  the  building  was  erected  in  due  time,  and 
cost  the  sum  of  $1,600.  After  completion  of  the  house  a  soc  ety  of 
eight  members  was  organized  by  Rev.  William  Marshall,  of  St.  Louis. 
Rev.  Hemsley  visited  the  little  congregation  from  time  to  time,  as  did 
also  other  ministers.  Owing  to  deaths  and  removals  however,  the 
organization  was  finally  disbanded,  and  the  building  sold  to  the 
Baptists. 

Baptist  Church.  — The  Blythedale  Baptist  Church  was  formally 
organized  October,  1885,  with  seventeen  members;  Revs.  Pope  Yea- 
man,  J.  H.  Burrows  and  John  Woodward  conducting  the  exercises. 
The  organization  took  place  in  the  building  formeily  erected  by  the 
Presbyterians,  which  the  society  purchased  in  a  short  time.     Moses 


HARRISON     GOUMTY 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  313 

Scott  and  W.  J.  Nevill  were  elected  deacons,  and  Rev.  J.  H.  Burrows 
became  pastor.     Present  membership,  twenty-one. 

The  Union  Sunday- school,  which  meets  in  Blythedale,  lain  a  pros- 
perous condition,  with  an  average  attendance  of  forty  scholars.  It 
was  established  in  1882,  and  has  been  kept  up  with  encoiu-aging 
success  ever  since;  W.  B.  Oden  is  superintendent.  Teachers,  Jesse 
Young,  W.  B.  Oden,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Young,  Mi-s.  Harriett  Oden,  Mi-s. 
Byers  and  Daniel  Wagner. 

A  society  of  the  Christian  Church  was  organized  at  Blythedale 
in  the  spring  of  1884,  by  Elder  W.  H.  Richardson,  who  preached 
thereafter  about  two  years.  The  original  membership  was  twenty- 
five;  present  membership  thirty-iive.  Meetings  are  held  in  the  Bap- 
tist Church.      W.  B.  Oden  is  elder,  and  Aaron  Saunders,  deacon. 

Mount  Moriah  Churches. — There  are  three  churches  in  Mount 
Moriah,  viz. :  Baptist,  Methodist  and  Christian.  The  Baptist  society 
was  organized  in  the  year  1862,  and  meetings  were  first  held  in  a 
vacant  store-room.  The  present  house  of  worship  was  erected  about 
the  year  1877.  It  is  a  substantial  fi-ame  structure,  and  represents  a 
capital  of  $1,600.  Among  the  pastors  of  the  church  have  been  elders 
John  Woodward  and  J.  H.  Bm-rows.  Present  pastor  is  Eev.  V.  M. 
Harper.  The  society  has  enjoyed  a  reasonable  degree  of  prosperity, 
and  at  the  present  time  numbers  113  communicants. 

The  Methodist  class  was  established  a  little  later  than  the  Baptist, 
and  is  now  one  of  the  most  flourishing  congregations  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  county.  The  house  in  which  the  congregation  meets  for 
worship  was  built  in  1877,  at  a  cost  of  $1,500  or  $1,600.  Present 
pastor.  Rev.  C.  A.  Watson. 

Churches  of  New  Hampton — Christian. — The  Christian  Church  of 
New  Hampton  was  organized  about  the  year  1882  or  1883,  by  Elder 
W.  H.  Hook,  of  Bethany,  with  the  following  members:  I.  N.  Carson, 
L.  C.  Carson,  J.  K.  Thomas,  John  H.  Duncan,  Cordelia  Duncan,  Kate 
Willey,  Harriett  Headington,  Nellie  Yeater,  — —  Halloway,  Russell 
Patton,  E.  N.  Cuddy,   Stephen  C.  Duncan,   M.  O.  Shrimpin,  Charles 

McCoy,  M.  J.  McCoy,  Adelia  Shrimpin,  Frank  Elliott, Wagoner, 

Wagoner,  James  Clawson, Clawson  and  Edward  Powers. 

The  organization  was  the  immediate  outgrowth  of  a  series  of  meetings 
held  by  Elder  Hook,  during  the  progress  of  which  a  great  religious 
interest  was  awakened  in  the  community.  Meetings  were  held  in  a 
hall,  and  Elder  Hook  continued  to  minister  to  the  church  as  oppor- 
tunities would  admit  for  several  months.      After  he  discontinued  his 


314  HI8T0EY    OF    HABBISON   COUNTY. 

visits,  however,  the  interest  began  to  decrease,  and  in  about  eighteen 
months  the  society  became  practically  disorganized. 

In  the  winter  of  1884  Elder  A.  I.  Myhre,  State  evangelist  of  the 
Christian  Church  of  Missouri,  visited  the  town,  and  held  a  protracted 
meeting,  during  which  a  reorganization  was  effected,  the  following 
persons  uniting  themselves  with  the  church:  J.  H.  Anslyne  and  wife, 
Lou  Anslyne,  R.  P.  Halloway  and  wife,  L.  Headington  and  wife, 
Mrs.  S.  E.  Wagoner,  A.  J.  Wagoner,  Dr.  M.  H.  Eades,  C.  McCoy, 
Mrs.  M.  V.  McCoy,  J.  A.  Sevier  and  wife,  Anna  B.  Sevier,  IVIi-s.  F. 
Ryan,  Mrs.  L.  K.  Willey,  Elizabeth  Ricketts,  Mrs.  Meredith,  I.  N. 
Carson  and  wife,  S.  C.  Duncan  and  L.  J.  Arbuckle.  The  following 
officers  were  chosen  by  the  congregation:  I.  N.  Carson  and  M.  H. 
Eades,  deacons;  J.  H.  Anslyne  and  C.  McCoy,  elders;  and  M.  H. 
Eades,  clerk.  After  the  organization  was  perfected  a  building  com- 
mittee, composed  of  the  following  members,  was  appointed:  J. 
H.  Anslyne,  Dr.  Eades,  I.  N.  Carson,  Charles  McCoy,  W.  Headington 
and  George  Meredith.  A  lot  was  procured,  upon  which,  in  1885,  a 
beautiful  fi-ame  temple  of  worship,  24x36  feet,  costing  about  11,000, 
was  erected.  Elder  Henry  W.  Myric,  of  Gentry  County,  has  minis- 
tered to  the  society  since  its  reorganization,  and  is  the  present  pastor. 
The  church  is  in  a  prosperous  condition,  and  at  this  time  numbers 
about  seventy-six  communicants. 

Presbyterian. — The  New  Hampton  Presbyterian  Church  was  or- 
ganized on  the  28th  of  February,  1885,  by  Rev.  Duncan  McRiver,  of 
Gentry  County.  The  first  meeting  was  held  at  what  is  known  as 
"Foster's  Chapel,"  or  "Union  Church,"  about  one  and  a  half  miles 
south  of  the  village.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  constitu- 
ent members:  John  W.  Virden,  Caroline  D.  Virden,  J.  W.  Carroll, 
Mary  S.  Carroll,  M.  Cochrane,  Elizabeth  Cochrane,  George  Tennant 
and  Margaret  Tennant.  The  Union  Chui'ch  was  used  by  the  congre- 
gation about  one  year,  at  the  end  of  which  time  a  frame  house  of 
worship,  28x40  feet,  was  erected  in  the  village,  at  a  cost  of  $1,200. 
Eev.  D.  McRiver  served  as  jjastor  from  the  organization  until  Decem- 
ber, 1886,  since  which  time  the  pulpit  has  been  regularly  filled  by  the 
present  incumbent,  Eev.  James  A.  McKay.  John  W.  Virden,  J.  W. 
Carroll  and  M.  Cochrane  are  elders.  A  flourishing  Sunday-school  is 
in  connection  with  the  church. 

The  Christian  Church  is  a  flourishing  society,  and  meets  for 
worship  in  the  Baptist  building.  Elders  M.  F.  Oxford,  W.  H.  Rich- 
ardson, J.  H.  Coffey  and  others  have  ministered  to  the  congregation 
at  different  times. 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  315 

Mount  Pleasant  Church,  No.  1,  {Missionary  Baptist), in  Fox  Creek 
Township,  is  an  old  organization,  its  history  dating  from  1851.  It  has 
a  membership  of  about  ninety,  and  is  reported  in  good  condition. 

Bethel  Baptist  Church,  Sherman  Township,  was  organized  March 
25,  1886,  by  Rev.  O.  E.  Newman.  A  house  of  worship  costing  $900 
■was  erected  in  November  of  the  same  year;  membership,  seventy- five; 
pastor,  O.  E.  Newman. 

Antioch  Christian  Church,  in  the  western  part  of  Sherman  Town- 
ship, is  aa  old  society.  The  house  of  worship  is  a  fi-ame  building 
erected  early  in  the  seventies;  present  pastor.  Elder  J.  F.  Jordan. 

In  Section  27,  Sherman  Township,  is  a  Methodist  society,  which 
meets  for  worship  in  a  substantial  frame  building  erected  several  years 
ago. 

Mount  Gilead  Church  {Christian),  in  Union  Township,  was  organ- 
ized about  the  year  1877.  The  society  has  a  good  membership,  and  a 
substantial  fi-ame  house  of  worship. 

There  are  several  church  organizations  in  White  Oak  Township, 
and  four-  fi-ame  houses  of  worship.  The  Baptists  have  a  church  known 
as  "Mount  Zion"  four  miles  east  of  New  Hampton;  and  about  one 
and  a  half  miles  south  of  the  village,  in  Section  19,  is  a  Union  Church 
building  in  which  different  denominations  meet  for  worship.  There 
is  a  Southern  Methodist  Church  several  miles  northeast  of  the  town  in 
Section  11,  also  an  organization  of  the  same  denomination  known  as 
'  'Shady  Grove  Church, ' '  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  township. 

Additional  to  the  churches  mentioned  there  are  several  other  relig- 
ious societies  in  Harrison  County,  among  which  are  the  following: 
New  Hope  Baptist  Church,  Fox  Creek  Township;  Christian  Baptist 
and  United  Brethren  Churches  at  Blue  Ridge;  Christian  societies  at 
Bridgeport,  Butler  Township;  Christian,  Methodist  and  Presbyterian 
Churches  at  Martinsville;  Christian  Union  Church  in  Sugar  Creek 
Township;  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at  Bolton;  Morris  Chapel, 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  Bethany  Township,  and  several  others 
in  various  parts  of  the  county. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

No  question  is  of  more  vital  importance  to  the  people  than  that  of 
education.  Nothing  for  which  the  State  pays  money  yields  so  large 
a  dividend  upon  the  cost  as  the  revenue  expended  upon  the  schools. 
From  the  scene  of  the  teacher' s  labors  there  are  radiated  into  society 
the  great  and  beneficent  influences  that  kindle  its  ardors  for  activity, 
which  light  civilization  on  its  widening  way,  and  which  hold  the  dear- 


316  HISTORY    OF    HABBISON    COUNTY. 

est  interests  of  humanity  in  its  hands.  Statistics  are  the  smallest 
exponents  of  the  schools;  there  are  values  that  cannot  be  computed  by 
dollars  and  cents.  The  first  active  steps  taken  by  Missouri  to  extend 
the  fostering  aid  of  State  patronage  to  the  interest  of  general  educa- 
tion date  from  about  the  year  1839.  By  the  terms  of  the  first  consti- 
tution of  the  State  it  was  provided  that  "one  school  or  more  shall  be 
established  in  each  township,  as  soon  as  practicable  and  necessary, 
where  the  poor  shall  be  taught  gratis." 

The  establishment  of  the  public  school  system  of  Missouri  in  its 
essential  features,  without  restricting  its  benefits  to  the  '  'poor, ' '  and 
with  the  main  features  of  State  and  local  organization,  was  effected  by 
the  Tenth  General  Assembly  during  the  administration  and  in  accord- 
ance with  the  recommendation  of  Gov.  Boggs,  in  February  of  the 
above  year. 

The  system  as  then  adopted  has  been  variously  modified  from  time 
to  time,  almost  every  Legislature  having  taken  some  action  upon  this 
most  important  of  all  questions.  According  to  the  law  of  1870  each 
congressional  township  constituted  a  district.  Under  the  law  approved 
March,  1844,  the  township  line  was  retained  simply  to  assist  in  the 
numbering  and  designation  of  school  districts.  Each  county  at  present 
contains  a  certain  number  of  districts  the  management  of  which  is 
looked  after  by  a  board  of  directors  elected  by  the  citizens  of  the  dis- 
trict. The  ordinary  district  system  is  modified  by  the  occasional  estab- 
lishment of  central  graded  schools,  in  which  case  the  districts  so  dis- 
posed unite  for  the  establishment  of  schools  of  higher  grades. 
Another  modification  is,  the  district  lying  within  an  incorporated  village 
vote  themselves  into  special  districts  governed  by  separate  laws  grant- 
ing special  privileges.  Most  of  the  village,  town  ^nd  city  graded 
schools  are  organized  in  this  way. 

The  present  school  system  of  the  State  is  pre-eminently  popular  and 
Democratic,  and  under  it  the  cause  of  general  education  has  made 
rapid  and  substantial  progress. 

Means  for  the  support  of  the  public  schools  are  derived  from  per- 
manent State,  county  and  township  investment,  and  from  local  taxa- 
tion. 

The  public  school  fund  of  the  State  has  accumulated  from  the 
proceeds  of  the  sale  of  public  lands  granted  by  the  United  States  to 
the  State,  and  from  stocks,  bonds  and  other  values  transferred  from 
time  to  time  to  the  school  endowment.  The  statement  of  the  State 
school  fund  for  the  year  1886  is  as  follows: 


STATE   OF   MISSOUBI.  317 

Certificates  of  indebtedness  at  6  per  cent |3,909,000  00 

Certificates  of  indebtedness  at  5"per  cent 225,000  00 

In  treasury  to  credit  of  State  fund 414  80 

Total $3,134,414  80 

The  interest  oa  the  fund,  with  a  certain  per  cent  of  the  State  rev- 
enue, constitutes  the  fund  for  the  annual  distribution  or  apportionment 
to  all  children  of  the  State  between  the  ages  of  six  and  twenty-one 
years. 

County  school  funds  arise  chiefly  from  the  sale  of  swamp  lands 
donated  by  the  general  Government  to  the  State,  amounting  origi- 
nally to  4,300,000  acres,  and  patented  to  the  counties  for  school  pur- 
poses. This  money  is  loaned  by  county  courts,  and  the  interest  devoted 
to  the  yearly  support  of  the  schools. 

The  township  school  fund  has  its  source  in  a  grant  of  land  by  the 
Government,  consisting  of  Section  16  in  each  congressional  town- 
ship, and  amounting,  in  the  aggregate,  to  1,200,000  acres.  The 
larger  portion  of  these  lands  has  been  sold,  and  the  proceeds  have 
been  invested  by  the  county  courts  in  trust  for  the  benefit  of  the  town- 
ships to  which  they  belong.  The  annual  income  of  the  township 
fund  is  appropriated  to  the  various  townships  according  to  their  respec- 
tive proprietary  claims. 

The  direct  taxation  laid  upon  the  taxable  value  of  each  district  sup- 
plements the  support  yielded  by  the  permanent  funds.  Additional  to 
the  above  there  is  a  special  school  fund,  secured  by  grant,  gift,  devise 
or  special  legislation.  The  county  fund  is  annually  increased  by  the 
net  proceeds  of  fines,  penalties,  estrays  and  forfeitures. 

At  this  time  Missouri  claims  the  proud  distinction  of  having  the 
largest  school  fund  of  any  of  the  States.  The  following  is  the  exhibit 
for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1883: 

Total  amount  to  credit'of  State  school  fund |  3,134,414  80 

University  or  seminary  fund 519,095  08 

County  public  scliool  fund  3,300,668  39 

Township  public  scliool  fund 3,441,048  16 

Special  school  fund 71,455  44 

Fines,  penalties,  forfeitures,  etc 121,379  94 

Total  school  funds $10,587,961  81 

County  Schools.  — That  the  pioneers  of  Harrison  County  early  took 
an  interest  in  education  is  evinced  by  the  fact  that  schools  were  estab- 
lished in  the  various  localities  nearly  as  soon  as  the  settlements  were 
made.  In  the  early  development  of  the  country,  however,  there  were 
a  great  many  obstacles  in  the  way  of  general  education.     Settlements 


318  HISTORY    OF    HABEISON    COUNTY. 

were  sparse,  and  money  or  other  means  of  remunerating  teachers  were 
scarce,  as  the  pioneers  of  nearly  all  new  countries  are  poor.  There 
were  no  schoolhouses  erected,  and  competent  instructors  were  dif- 
ficult to  obtain. 

All  persons  of  both  sexes,  who  had  physical  strength  to  labor,  were 
compelled  to  take  their  part  in  the  work  of  securing  a  support.  In 
the  last  place,  books  were  scarce.  Taking  all  these  facts  together,  the 
wonder  is  that  they  made  any  progress  in  educational  matters  at  all. 
But  the  pioneers  deserve  the  highest  praise  for  their  prompt  and  ener- 
getic efforts  in  this  direction.  Just  as  soon  as  settlements  would 
justify  schools  were  begun,  and  as  population  and  wealth  increased 
schoolhouses  were  erected  and  educational  facilities  extended. 

The  early  schools  of  the  county  were  of  the  commonest  kind,  and 
for  a  number  of  years  the  schoolhouses,  books,  teachers  and  methods 
of  instruction  were  of  a  primitive  character.  The  buildings,  as  a  rule, 
were  small  log  structures,  with  puncheon  or  dirt  floors,  furnished 
with  rude  benches  made  of  the  split  trunks  of  trees,  and  heated  by  a 
large  opened-mouthed  fireplace,  which  occupied  nearly  the  whole  end 
of  the  apartment.  Light  was  admitted  through  a  long  window  made 
by  the  removal  of  a  log  from  the  wall  of  the  building,  and  the  desks 
were  usually  nothing  more  than  rough  boards  resting  upon  pins  driven 
into  the  wall.  These  primitive  buildings  gave  way  in  time  to  more 
comfortable  frame  structures,  but  the  remains  of  some  of  the  humble 
temples  of  learning  are  yet  to  be  found  in  various  parts  of  the  county, 
eloquent  of  times  forever  past. 

The  schools  of  Harrison  County  at  the  present  day  will  compare 
favorably  with  those  in  any  other  part  of  the  State.  Competent 
teachers  are  employed,  and  the  course  of  instruction  embraces  all  the 
branches  iisually  taught  in  common  schools.  By  a  system  of  town- 
ship institutes  the  teachers  are  enabled  to  keep  abreast  of  the  times, 
and  the  growing  tendency  is  to  relegate  incompetent  instructors  to  a 
place  in  the  rear.  The  school  buildings  are  good  frame  structures, 
the  majority  of  which  are  supplied  with  all  the  modern  educational 
appliances. 

STATISTICS   OF  1886. 

Number  of  white  children  of  school  age 7,393 

Number  of  colored  children 34 

Total 7,437 

Total  number  enrolled 5,773 

Total  number  of  days"  attendance  in  1885-86 269,163 

Average  day's  attendance 47 


STATE   OF   MISSOTJEI.  319 

Number  of  days  school  has  been  taught 13, 853 

Average  number  attending  each  day 2,340 

Number  of  teachers 144 

Average  salary $38.10 

Number  of  rooms  occupied 150 

Seating  capacity  of  all  rooms 6.637 

Number  of  white  schools 139 

Number  of  colored  schools 1 

Cost  per  day  per  pupil 045 

Value  of  school  property |54,928 

PINAilCIAL. 

Amount  of  county  funds $63,907  01 

Amount  of  township  funds  30,811  16 

Total  of  all  funds 194,718  17 

Fines,  penalties,  dog  tax,  etc $  2,295  01 

Amount  on  hand,  July  1,  1886 15,310  95 

Tuition  fees 177  05 

Received  from  public  funds 768  95 

Received  from  taxation 25,227  41 

Total  receipts $41,484  36 

Paid  teachers $23,960  32 

Paid  for  fuel 1,753  07 

Paid  for  repairs  and  rent 1,319  09 

Paid  for  apparatus 2,074  59 

Paid  for  new  buildings 778  00 

Sinking  fund  interest 4,979  33 

Paid  salary  of  district  clerks 743  73 

Total  expenditures $35,637  13 

Average  levy 56 

Bethany  Schools. — The  first  school  patronized  by  the  citizeos  of 
Bethany  was  taugljt  in  the  year  1846  by  one  Jonas  R.  Gray, 
who  used  for  the  purpose  the  hewed-log  building,  which  stood 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  east  of  the  town  limits,  on  the  land  of  David 
Buck.  This  building  was  erected  for  church  and  school  purposes,  and 
stood  until  some  time  in  the  fifties.  Of  the  literary  and  professional 
qualifications  of  Mr.  Gray  but  little  is  now  known.  William  Flem- 
ing may  also  be  mentioned  among  those  who  taught  in  the  same  build- 
ing at  an  early  date.  William  G.  Lewis,  a  distinguished  member  of 
the  Bethany  bar,  was  identified  with  the  educational  interests  of  the 
town  for  a  short  time  as  a  teacher,  and  is  remembered  as  a  very  com- 
petent and  popular  instructor.  His  successor  was  F.  M.  Goodpasture, 
after  whom  schools  were  taught  from  time  to  time  by  Mr.  Clenden- 
ing,  L.  T.  Morris,  Dr.  Skinner  and  others. 


320  HISTORY   OF   HARRISON   COUNTY. 

After  the  destruction  of  the  log  building  by  fire,  a  small  brick 
schoolhouse  containing  a  single  apartment  was  erected  in  the  south- 
eastern part  of  the  town,  and  subsequently  opened  for  the  accom- 
modation of  pupils.  This  building  answered  the  purposes  for  which 
it  was  intended  iintil  the  increase  of  the  school  population  rendered 
additional  accommodations  necessary,  when  vacant  rooms  in  various 
parts  of  the  city  were  secured,  and  at  one  time  schools  were  taught  in 
the  Christian  Church.  In  1870  an  independent  district  with  special 
privileges  was  organized  for  Bethany,  and  the  following  board  of 
education  elected:  H.  M.  Cuddy,  E.  L.  Hubbard,  J.  D.  Wilson,  W. 
R.  Simms,  H.  D.  Dougherty,  and  Thomas  D.  Neal.  The  following 
year  H.  D.  Dougherty,  D.  S.  Alvord,  C.  J.  Blackburn,  D.  J.  Heaston, 
H.  M.  Cuddy  and  John  Taggart  were  elected  directors,  and  among 
their  first  oflicial  acts  was  the  reorganization  and  grading  of  the  schools 
into  four  departments:  high  school, grammar,  intermediate  and  primary. 

The  necessity  of  a  building  of  sufficient  proportion  to  accommo- 
date the  children  of  the  town  having  long  been  manifest,  the  board  in 
the  spring  of  1871  took  the  necessary  action,  and  submitted  plans  and 
specifications.  W.  H.  Hillman  took  the  contract  for  $6, 500,  and  in 
due  time  a  two-story  brick  structure,  50x44  feet,  containing  three  rooms 
and  a  spacious  hall  was  completed  and  ready  for  occupancy.  The 
school  rooms  were  furnished  with  102  double  iron  desks,  and  other 
educational  appliances  were  procured. 

Schools  in  the  new  building  commenced  in  the  fall  of  1871,  under 
the  principalship  of  Prof.  R.  A.  Lovitt,  assisted  by  IMi-s.  J.  Stewart, 
Mrs.  Mary  W.  Kessler,  and  IVIrs.  W.  H.  German.  The  teachers  for 
the  school  year  1872-73  were  Prof.  Frank  Permont,  jarincipal;  Mrs. 
Mary  W.  Kessler,  grammar  department;  Mi-s.  Frank  Permont,  inter- 
mediate, and  Jlrs.  Sarah  C.  German,  primary;  1873-74,  S.  Bow- 
man, principal;  Nancy  E.  Conner,  Nannie  E.  Price  and  Alice  Wood- 
ward, assistant;  1874-75,  D.  K.  Andrew,  principal;  assistants,  M.  • 
A.  Robbins,  James  L.  Allen  and  Mrs.  German;  1875-76,  James 
E.  Dunn,  principal;  Alice  Lewis,  Sarah  Newman,  and  ]\Irs.  W.  H. 
German,  assistants;  1876-77,  Prof.  John  R.  Kirk,  principal; 
assisted  by  the  subordinate  teachers  of  the  previous  year.  The  same 
corps  of  instructors  was  employed  dui-ing  the  year  1877-78; 
1878-79,  principal,  J.  R.  Kirk;  assistants,  Lizzie  lies,  Lucy  Young 
and  Mrs.  German;  1879-80,  J.  R.  Kirk,  B.  F.  Thomas,  Mrs.  Ger- 
man and  James  Rusk;  1880-81,  J.  R.  Kirk,  Isola  Howard,  Lillie 
Lewis  and  Sarah  Devers;  1881-82,  F.  D.  Davis,  principal;  Sirs. 
German,    Sarah  E.   Devers  and   W.  F.  Parker,  assistants;     1882-83, 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  321 

Prof.  J.  W.  Yowell,  principal;  Jeunie  Lawver,  Sarah  E.  Young,  and 
Mrs.  German,  assistants;  1883-84,  Prof.  B.  Eiggs,  principal; 
Alice  Skinner,  Eva  Tucker  and  Mrs.  German,  assistants. 

In  1883  it  was  found  necessary  to  enlarge  the  capacity  of  the  school 
building,  and  accordingly  an  addition  of  four  rooms  was  built  at  a  cost 
of  $7,000.  The  structure  as  it  now  stands  is  a  fine  specimen  of  archi- 
tectui'e,  and  ranks  among  the  most  commodious  and  imposing  school 
edifices  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  The  addition  was  com- 
pleted in  time  for  occupancy  in  the  fall  of  1884.  With  the  increased 
facilities  for  accommodation  of  pupils  came  the  necessity  for  more 
teachers,  and  two  additional  ones  were  therefore  employed  for  the  year 
1884-85.  Prof.  J.  W.  Yowell  was  elected  principal.  His  assist- 
ants were  James  L.  Allen,  Cora  Gilbert,  R.  R.  Young,  Mrs.  German 
and  Lenora  Parsons. 

In  the  year  1885  Prof.  J.  R.  Kirk  was  employed  as  superintend- 
ent of  the  city  schools,  since  which  time  their  advancement  in  eiSciency 
and  excellence  has  been  eminently  satisfactory  and  substantial.  Prof. 
Kirk  ranks  high  professionally,  and  as  a  successful  manager  of  schools 
occupies  a  conspicuous  place  among  the  leading  educators  of  the 
State.  Prof.  C.  H.  Corey,  of  Moulton,  Iowa,  a  teacher  of  acknowledged 
ability,  has  had  charge  of  the  high  school  since  the  fall  of  1885. 
The  teachers  of  the  subordinate  departments  in  1885-86  were  Allie 
Bains,  Belle  Morgan,  Lou  Lewis,  Cora  Gilbert  and  Mrs.  N.  E.  Pratt. 
The  teachers  for  1887-88  are  as  follows:  C.  H.  Corey,  high  school; 
George  L.  Owens,  Miss  Lee  Buckles,  Miss  Lou  Lewis,  Miss  Cora 
Burris  and  Miss  Esther  Pratt  in  the  subordinate  departments. 

Present  Board  of  Education.  — R.  H.  Wren,  H.  A.  Moulton,  M.  A. 
Ford,  O.  C.  Macy,  J.  H.  Nordyke  and  J.  P.  Hamilton. 

Receipts  for  the  year  ending  July  1,  1887,  were  $5,326.36,  and 
expenditures  $4,813.39,  of  which  amount  $2,655  were  paid  as  salary 
to  teachers. 

STATISTICS    OP  THE  DISTRICT. 

Number  of  white  pupils  enrolled 368 

Number  of  colored  pupils  enrolled 34 

Daily  attendance 264.33 

Whole  number  days'  attendance 3,647.50 

Enrolled  resident  pupils 358 

Non-residents 44 

There  is  one  colored  school  in  Bethany,  taught  at  this  time  by  J.  H. 
Daily. 

In  addition  to  the  public  schools  of  Bethany,  there  have  been  at 
different  times  private  institutes  of   learning  in  the  city,  one  of  the 


322  HISTORY   OF   HARBISON   COUNTY. 

first  of  which  was  the  Bethany  Collegiate  Institute,  established  in  the 
year  1860  by  Prof.  W.  D.  Stewart.  It  was  incorporated  by  an  act  of 
the  Legislature  in  1864,  and  continued  in  successful  operation  for 
several  years.  The  course  of  study  embraced  the  following  branches : 
Orthography,  reading,  writing,  arithmetic,  geography,  grammar,  the 
higher  mathematics,  Latin,  Greek,  and  some  of  the  modern  languages. 
The  school  was  taught  in  a  hall  in  the  building  occupied  at  this  time 
by  the  Dunn  Brothers  and  W.  T.  Harvey,  southwest  of  the  public 
square.  An  effort  was  made  at  one  time  to  erect  a  building  for  the 
institution,  but  for  some  reason  the  enterprise  was  abandoned.  Prof. 
J.  H.  Carter  and  Hon.  John  C.  Howell,  late  judge  of  the  circuit 
court,  had  charge  of  the  institute  at  different  times  during  the  sixties. 

A  select  school  for  instruction  in  the  common  and  higher  branches 
of  learning  was  established  in  Bethany  about  the  year  1861,  by  Prof. 
J.  C.  Bailey.      It  was  in  operation  for  a  short  time. 

The  schools  of  West  Bethany  are  supported  apart  from  those  of 
the  city  proper.  The  West  Bethany  building  is  a  two-story  fi-ame 
structure,  with  two  apartments.  There  is  but  one  school,  however.  It 
is  taught  at  this  time  by  Prof.  Fremont  Kidwell. 

Cainesville  Schools. — There  is  a  two-story  graded  school  building 
in  the  town  of  Cainesville,  erected  in  the  year  1872.  The  teachers 
for  1887-88  are:  Prof.  S.  P.  Davisson,  princijaal;  and  Miss  Allie  Miles, 
assistant.  The  term  begins  in  September  of  each  year  and  lasts  eight 
months.  Average  attendance,  about  110.  Board  of  education — W. 
C.  McKiddy,  I.  R.  Hadley,  G.  R.  Wilson,  Dr.  H.  Nally,  Dr.  S.  D. 
Logan  and  George  Cibborn. 

The  Mount  Moriah  schools  are  taught  at  the  present  time  by 
Prof.  Samuel  F.  Church,  principal,  and  Miss  Nona  Magraw,  assistant. 

Teachers  of  the  Eagleville  graded  schools:  Prof.  E.  Young,  prin- 
cipal; Miss  Deckard,  assistant. 

Ridgeway — Henry  Bun-ell,  principal;  Mrs.  Yeater,  assistant.  • 

Blythedale — Prof.  H.  Yeater,  principal. 

MILITARY  HISTORY. 

The  history  of  a  nation's  wars  is  generally  a  history  of  that 
nation's  mistakes.  Misrule  at  home  or  abroad,  growing  out  of  the 
wrong-headedness  of  rulers,  is  the  fruitful  source  of  these  mistakes. 
War  is  always  an  aggression  upon  one  side  or  the  other;  the  stronger 
from  motives  of  cupidity  and  power,  making  encroachments  upon  the 
rights  and  privileges  of  the  weaker,  or  the  weaker  seeking  to  revenge 
themselves  upon  the  stronger.     In  the  war  between  the  mother  country 


i 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  323 

and  the  colonies,  the  former  was  the  aggressor.  The  King  backed  by 
venal  Parliament  sought  to  impose  onerous  bui'dens  of  taxation  upon 
the  struggling  colonists,  while  at  the  same  time  persistently  refusing 
to  concede  to  them  the  just  and  inalienable  rights  of  representation. 
The  colonists  insisted  that  taxation  and  representation  were  inseparable 
and  should  go  together,  and,  therefore,  that  ' '  taxes  or  subsidies  of  every 
sort  for  the  support  of  government,  should  be  the  voluntary  tribute 
of  the  people  through  their  representatives. "  The  insistance  upon 
this  principle  of  taxation  without  representation,  without  representa- 
tion by  Parliament  on  the  one  hand  and  its  resistance  by  the  colonies 
on  the  other,  soon  brought  about  the  heroic  struggle  which  finally 
resulted  in  the  complete  independence  of  the  latter. 

It  is  not  the  present  purpose  to  recount  any  part  of  that  eventful 
period — it  was  over  and  almost  forgotten  before  the  greater  portion  of 
Missouri  was  thought  of  as  a  possible  habitation.  After  the  struggle 
was  over,  however,  and  the  people  again  settled  down  to  the  more 
peaceful  vocation  of  life,  the  growing  importance  of  the  great  West 
began  to  attract  the  attention  of  many  of  the  more  adventurous  spirits 
of  Virginia  and  the  Carolinas.  Some  of  the  war-worn  veterans  of  the 
Revolution,  by  themselves  or  in  groups,  began  to  make  their  way 
westward,  and  a  number  of  years  after  the  close  of  the  war  settled  in 
various  j)arts  of  Missouri,  a  few  seeking  homes  in  what  is  now 
Harrison  County,  when  it  was  first  opened  to  settlement.  The  names 
of  these  patriots  and  all  facts  concerning  them  have  long  since  faded 
from  the  memory  of  man.  Among  the  early  comers  to  Northwest 
Missouri  wore  several  who  participated  in  the  Indian  War  and  the  last 
struggle  with  Great  Britain,  but  like  the  former,  their  names  have 
been  forgotten  in  the  rapidly  passing  years. 

The  military  history  of  Harrison  County  properly  begins  at  the 
year  1843,  at  which  time  an  order  was  received  requiring  the  citizens 
of  the  territory  to  organize  into  companies,  the  same  to  be  called  upon 
whenever  needed  for  service.  Two  of  these  militia  companies  were 
organized  in  Harrison  County,  with  Charles  L.  Jennings  as  colonel, 
and  Stephen  C.  Allen,  major.  Fortunately  there  was  no  necessity  for 
their  active  service,  as  the  Indians  were  peaceably  disposed,  and  no 
other  possible  enemies  were  near  to  disturb  the  tranquility  of  the  set- 
tlement. Upon  two  very  important  occasions,  however,  these  hardy 
sons  of  wars  were  called  upon  for  service,  the  first  of  which  has  gone 
into  local  history,  as  "The  Killyan  War,"  described  by  the  graphic 
pen  of  Col.  Heaston  as  follows:* 

'See  also  page  223. 


I 


324  HISTOBY    OF    HAERISON    COUNTY. 

"Charles  Killyaa  was  a  citizen  of  this  territory,  residing  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  county.  He  came  to  Han-is'  mill  in  the  spring  of 
1844  with  a  sack  of  corn.  While  at  the  mill  the  creek  raised  so  that 
it  could  not  be  forded,  and  as  it  was  likely  to  remain  so  for  several 
days,  he  set  out  north  to  '  head  the  stream. '  After  passing  into  Iowa 
he  crossed  the  creek  and  went  east,  intending  to  come  down  the 
'  divide '  between  it  and  Grand  River  to  his  home.  When  near  his 
home  he  found  he  was  on  the  east  side  of  Grand  Kiver,  which  was  too 
full  to  be  forded.  His  failure  to  return  home  alarmed  his  family,  and 
they  sent  to  the  mill  in  order  to  learn  the  cause  of  his  prolonged 
absence.  He  had  been  to  the  mill,  had  started  home,  but  not 
making  his  appearance  or  being  heard  from,  the  rumor  at  once 
gained  credence  that  the  red-skins  had  captured  him.  In  this 
extremity  an  appeal  was  made  to  the  gallant  Col.  Jennings, 
who,  with  his  company  of  brave  militiamen,  started  forth  to 
rescue  the  iinfortunate  Killyan  and  punish  the  treacheroiis  sav- 
ages. About  forty  men  responded  to  his  call,  and  at  the  head  of 
these  intrepid  troopers  the  gallant  Colonel  marched  northward  on 
the  '  divide '  in  search  of  the  missing  neighbor.  In  the  afternoon  of 
the  second  day's  campaign  they  discovered  in  the  distance  a  company 
of  Indians,  who  were  assisting  the  unfortunate  Killyan  to  find  his  way 
home.  But  the  Colonel  and  his  comrades  knew  not  that  they  were 
friendly  red-skins.  Perhaps  they  were  only  an  advance  guard,  or  they 
might  be  coming  up  in  that  manner  as  a  decoy  squad  to  draw  the 
militia  into  ambush.  But  the  Colonel  was  not  to  be  so  easily  decoyed. 
Halting,  and  hastily  forming  his  brigade  into  line  of  battle,  he  revived 
the  drooping  courage  of  the  soldiers  by  bravely  shouting,  '  Let  the 
enemy  come;  we  are  ready  for  them,  by  thunder!'  Still  the  savages 
continued  to  approach.  At  this  junctiire  some  of  the  men  awoke  to 
the  fact  that  they  were  not  fit  for  military  duty  and  gently  fell  back, 
while  along  the  whole  line  signs  of  wavering  began  to  appear.  Then 
was  heard  the  stentorian  tones  of  the  ofiicer  in  command  as  he 
shouted,  'By  thunder,  keep  in  line  there!'  the  effect  of  which  was  to 
inspire  the  men  with  renewed  courage.  Seeing  the  line  of  battle,  the 
Indians  ran  up  a  white  flag.  Embassadors  were  sent  out  to  meet 
them.  Mutual  and  satisfactory  explanations  were  made,  the  war  was 
over,  and  'Johnny  came  marching  home  again.'  The  militia  were 
dismissed  and  returned  to  peaceful  pursuits  without  the  loss  of  a 
single  scalp." 

The  second  war  in  which  the  militia  of  Harrison  County  were 
called  upon  to  participate  was  against  the  Mormons,   under  Brigham 


STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  325 

Young.  *In  the  spring  of  1846  the  Mormons  were  driven  from  Illinois, 
and  immigrating  westward  passed  through  the  southern  part  of  Iowa, 
at  that  time  unsettled.  A  large  company  of  them  under  the  im- 
mediate direction  of  Brigham  Young  stopped  for  a  season  in  Decatur 
County,  that  State,  pitching  their  habitations  near  where  the  town  of 
Leon  now  stands.  The  people  of  northern  Missouri  remembering  the 
former  troubles  with  the  Mormons  were  excited  and  alarmed.  But 
Harrison  County  still  had  its  redoubtable  military  organization  and 
gallant  colonel,  and,  knowing  how  successfully  he  had  brought  the 
Indian  War  to  a  conclusion,  all  eyes  were  turned  to  him  for  safety  and 
protection  in  this  their  second  time  of  trouble.  Fortunately  he  was 
equal  to  the  emergency.  He  did  not  long  wait  in  fear  and  dread  of 
an  attack,  but  Napoleon-like,  carried  the  war  into  the  enemy's  country. 
Gathering  together  his  brave  and  resolute  soldiers  he  planned  an 
extensive  campaign,  and  marched  boldly  against  the  enemy.  After  a 
tedious  march  of  two  whole  days,  the  valiant  little  army  came  in  sight 
of  the  Mormon  camp,  and  beheld  the  green  prairie  for  some  distance 
dotted  with  tents.  The  Mormons  upon  beholding  the  approach  of  the 
warlike  squadron  were  greatly  alarmed.  They  had  been  forced  to 
flee  from  two  States  and  had  no  further  desire  to  meet  or  encounter 
armed  men.  They  hoisted  a  white  flag  in  token  of  peace,  whereupon 
the  Colonel  advanced  and  inquired  for  their  leader,  Brigham  Young. 
That  dignitary  very  soon  made  his  appearance,  and  bowing  and  smil- 
ing, politely  inquired  what  was  wanting.  The  Colonel  raising  him- 
self to  his  full  height  in  the  stirrups  bravely  replied  ' '  we  want  to 
know  what  in  thunder  you  are  doing  here!  "  at  the  sametim^explain- 
ing  that  his  company  were  Missouri  militia,  and  feared  the  Mormons 
were  going  to  invade  their  State.  Brigham  then  stated  that  his  peo- 
ple had  been  persecuted  and  driven  from  their  homes,  and  had  started 
for  the  West,  intending  to  seek  a  place  of  safety  and  seclusion  far 
removed  from  the  Gentiles,  but  having  run  short  of  provisions  they 
had  stopped  to  raise  a  crop,  after  which  they  would  proceed  upon 
their  journey.  A  treaty  was  entered  into  under  the  terms  of  which  the 
Mormons  were  not  to  come  into  Missouri  or  disturb  its  people  or  prop- 
erty, and  while  they  observed  these  conditions  the  militia  were  to 
give  them  no  further  trouble.  Thus  ended  the  second  campaign, 
and  the  gallant  Colonel  returned  home  with  new  laurels  added  to  his 
immortal  fame. 

Several  persons  from  Harrison  served  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  but 
there  was  no  organized  efPort  made  to  raise  troops  in  the  county. 

*  See  also  page  227. 


326  HISTOUT    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

Civil  War.  — Less  than  a  decade  and  a  half  after  the  close  of  the 
Mexican  War,  the  great  Civil  War  between  the  States  broke  out. 
Hitherto  our  wars  had  been  waged  against  savage  or  foreign  foe, 
but  this  was  an  internecine  strife  wherein  brother  was  anayed  against 
brother,  father  against  son  and  neighbor  against  neighbor.  It  was 
unparalleled  in  the  history  of  nations,  and  dwarfs  into  insignificance  the 
mighty  struggles  of  the  past.  It  is  not  the  pvu'pose  of  this  history  to 
enter  upon  a  discussion  of  the  issues  that  led  to  the  war,  nor  to  paint 
the  hoiTors  of  its  shifting  scenes,  but  simply  give  the  gallant  part  the 
peof)le  of  Harrison  County  took  in  the  struggle.  A  late  wi'iter  has 
truthfully  said,  ' '  All  the  evils  of  war,  and  all  the  horrors  of  civil  strife 
were  crowded  into  those  four  dreadful  years,  1861-65,  and  all  the 
refined  cruelties  known  to  the  science  and  civilization  of  the  enlightened 
age  in  which  we  live  were  practiced  more  or  less  by  the  opposing  par- 
ties. ' '  But  after  foiu-  years  of  strife  and  bloodshed,  the  olive  branch 
of  peace  again  waved  over  a  united  country,  and  now,  fi'aternal  love 
and  prosperity  smile  upon  the  land  from  one  end  of  the  nation  to  the 
other.  As  the  South  became  naturalized  and  "  reconstructed"  to  the 
new  order  of  things,  it  found  a  source  of  sincere  congratulations  that 
the  object  of  the  strife  between  the  sections  was  forever  removed,  and 
will  never  cause  another  war  on  American  soil.  In  the  final  union  of 
the  ' '  roses  ' '  England  found  the  germ  of  her  f utui-e  greatness  and 
glory,  so  in  the  harmonious  blending  of  the  "blue"  and  "gray," 
.who  shall  limit  the  greatness  and  glory  of  the  American  people! 

The  people  of  Hawison  partook  largely  of  the  general  excitement 
of  the  times,  but  as  the  county  did  not  lie  along  the  track  of  either 
army  and  was  altogether  unimportant  from  a  strategic  point  of  view, 
it  was  not  made  the  theater  of  any  important  military  operation  during 
the  war.  The  people  were  almost  unanimously  in  favor  of  the  Union, 
and  no  sooner  had  war  become  a  fact  than  meetings  were  held  through- 
out  the  county  for  the  purpose  of  raising  troops  for  mutual  protection 
and  defense.  At  a  large  mass  meeting  held  at  Bethany  on  June  3, 
1861,  the  following,  among  other  resolutions,  were  adopted,  expres- 
sive of  the  feeling  of  the  public  mind  at  the  time : 

Whereas,  In  the  present  distracted  condition  of  our  country,  it  behooves 
all  citizens  without  respect  to  party,  who  desire  to  perpetuate  the  blessings  of 
our.republic  and  preserve  the  public  peace,  to  refrain  from  all  acts  which  may 
either  directly  or  indirectly  tend  to  excite  tlie  public  mind  to  acta  of  insubordi- 
nation or  rebellion  against  the  laws  of  our  country,  and. 

Whereas.  The  minds  of  some  of  our  people  have  become  impressed  with 
the  belief  that  their  persons  or  property  are  being  put  in  danger  through  fear  of 
mobs  and  lawless  bands  of  marauders; 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  327 

Tlierefore,  be  it  resolved  b)^  the  people  of  Harrison  County,  in  mass  meeting 
assembled,  irrespective  of  party. 

First — That  we  mutually  pledge  ourselves  to  protect  each  other  *  *  * 
against  all  lawless  and  unauthorized  acts  of  all  persons  from  whatsoever  source 
they  may  come. 

Second— That  we  feel  justified  in  stating  as  a  truth,  although  some  persons 
may  have  private  orders  to  leave  *  *  no  person  has  been  forced  to  leave 
the  country  by  the  citizens  of  Harrison  County,  on  account  of  political  opinions 
or  sentiments       ******«»****» 

Third— We  believe  it  to  be  the  duty  of  all  good  citizens  to  refrain  from  all 
acts  which  may  have  a  tendency  to  excite  people  to  acts  of  rebellion  against, 
insubordination  to,  or  violations  of,  the  laws  of  the  country. 

Fourth — That  in  giving  expression  to  our  views  in  relation  to  the  position 
of  Missouri  in  the  present  crisis,  we  unhesitatingly  declare  that  we  are  opposed 
to  the  secession  of  the  State  from  the  Federal  Union,  and  we  believe  that  the 
present  lamentable  evils  which  are  upon  the  country  are  not  a  consequence  of 
any  acts  of  the  sovereign  State  of  Missouri,  and  occupying  as  we  do  a  conserva- 
tive position  between  the  two  extreme  parties  of  the  north  and  south,  we  hold  the 
'•'olive  branch  of  peace"  to  each,  and  while  we  deplore  the  present  state  of 
affairs,  we  believe  that  it  is  the  duty  of  all  true  and  loyal  subjects  of  the  State 
of  Missouri  to  assist  and  defend  the  rights  of  the  State  in  the  Union,  and  under 

the  authority  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  State  of  Missouri. 
*^*  ********* 

Seventh — That  we  claim  the  right  to  organize  into  companies  for  home 
protection  and  defense  under  the  articles  of  the  constitution,  which  provides 
that  the  people  have  a  right  to  assemble  for  the  common  good,  and  that  their 
rights  to  bear  arms  in  defense  of  themselves  and  of  the  State  cannot  be  ques- 
tioned. 

This  meeting  -svas  addressed  by  S.  C.  Allen,  Samuel  Downey,  Will- 
iam G.  Lewis,  D.  J.  Heaston  and  E.  Hubbard,  all  of  vrhom  set  forth 
in  vigorous  and  eloquent  language  the  necessity  of  adhering  to  the 
national  union. 

Similar  meetings  were  held  early  in  the  summer  of  1861  at  Mount 
Moriah,  Eagleville  and  other  places,  the  tendencies  of  which  were  to 
arouse  the  people  to  a  realization  of  the  situation,  and  unify  the  public 
sentiment  against  secession.  'In  the  meantime  companies  of  Home 
Guards  were  raised,  and  on  July  13,  1861,  the  various  organizations 
in  the  county  met  at  a  place  called  Harrison  City,  for  the  purpose  of 
forming  a  regiment  and  electing  officers.  The  day  was  a  pleasant 
one,  and  the  number  of  spectators  on  the  ground  was  variously  esti- 
mated at  from  1,000  to  1,500.  Henry  Nevill,  by  request  of  the 
different  companies,  took  charge  of  the  men,  paraded  them  for  a 
while,  after  which  stirring  and  energetic  speeches  were  made  by 
Messrs.  Allen,  Elwell,  Downey,  Hubbard  and  Heaston. 

After  the  regiment  was  formed  it  organized  by  electing  Henry 
O.  Nevill,  colonel;  George  Burris,  Sr.,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  W.  P. 


328  HISTORY   OF   HARRISON   COUNTY. 

Robinson,  major.  The  strength  of  the  different  companies  that  re- 
ported themselves  was  as  follows:  Eagleville  Guards,  160;  Washing- 
ton, 64;  Salem,  60;  Springfield,  90;  Pleasant  Ridge,  100;  Clay,  78; 
Mount  Moriah,  58;  Bethany,  60;  "Rough  and  Ready,"  57;  Benton, 
80;  Gainesville,  60. 

The  main  object  of  the  meeting  was  to  ascertaiu  how  many  of  the 
above  men  were  desirous  of  enlisting  for  the  regular  service.  Quite  a 
number  signified  their  willingness  to  go  to  the  front,  and  gave  their 
names  to  E.  Hubbard,  who  at  once  proceeded  to  recruit  for  the  regular 
service. 

Several  other  companies  of  Home  Guards  were  raised  during  the 
summer  of  1861,  the  majority  of  the  members  of  which  subsequently 
went  to  the  front  in  different  regiments,  and  did  valiant  service  for 
the  Union  cause. 

Volunteer  Troops. — All  of  Companies  D  and  E,  Twenty- third  Regi- 
ment Volunteer  Infantry,  were  raised  in  Harrison  County  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1861.  Recruiting  for  the  regiment  commenced  in  July  of 
that  year  under  the  direction  of  Col.  Jacob  T.  Tindall  and  J  udge 
Smith,  of  Gentry  and  Linn  Counties,  respectively.  Company  D  was 
mustered  September  22,  1861,  with  the  following  ofiScers:  W.  P.  Rob- 
inson, captain;  John  A.  Fischer,  first  lieutenant,  and  Lafayette  Corn- 
wall, second  lieutenant.  The  non-commissioned  officers  were  George 
Yoder,  first  sergeant;  Samuel  J.  Moore,  second  sergeant;  George  W. 
Derr,  Robert  L.  Oxford,  and  Ezeriah  Hulse,  corporals.  Privates: 
Charles  Baker,  James  H.  Bishop,  Allen  B.  Bridges,  Joshua  Dallas, 
Samuel  B.  Fancher,  Richard  Foster,  John  M.  Franklin,  James  Fan- 
cher,  William  Graham,  John  J.  Hogan,  A.  B.  Ireland,  John  M.  Kopp, 
Henry  C.  Tessley,  Milton  N.  Tilley,  James  H.  Mathes,  Richard  O. 
W.  Osborne,  Marion  Pace,  David  Rope,  James  Ross,  W.  Sweeten, 
Adam  Sweeten,  Newton  J.  Smith,  W^illiam  B.  Baker,  Thomas  Dallas, 
Reuben  Dale,  P.  L.  Evans,  Lafayette  Ferguson,  Lewis  Noolin,  Henry 
J.  Holloway,  E.  A.  B.  Hulse,  Joseph  E.  Meglenne,  George  B.  Bean, 
John  Chambers,  James  H.  Curtis,  George  Fetty,  Daniel  Grover, 
Samuel  Moore,  George  W.  Prather,  James  M.  Wright,  George  Col- 
lins, James  M.  Melton,  J.  P.  Prather,  James  C.  Brown,  L.  D.  Bishop, 
James  M.  Burns,  James  Burns,  Charles  Curtis,  Thomas  B.  Grinstead, 
Elliott  Griffin,  James  L.  Hammock,  William  H.  Hobbs,  Joseph  L. 
Hunsicker,  O.  Johnson,  Jeremiah  Crawford,  J.  Lockwood,  E.  N.  Mel- 
ton, William  B.  Officer,  William  B.  Richardson,  Marion  Young, 
Joseph  B.  Vogan,  John  N.  Pattinger,  Henry  Bartlett,  George  D. 
Bagley,  George   W.  Flood,   Willis  Flood,   Nimi-od  T.  Stoner,    Isaac 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  329 

Young.  Some  of  the  above  men  were  from  neighboring  counties,  but 
the  large  majority  were  residents  of  Harrison. 

William  P.  Robinson  was  promoted  colonel  of  the  regiment  June 
7,  1862,  and  was  succeeded  as  captain  by  John  W.  Moore,  of  Eagle- 
ville,  who  served  as  such  until  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  service, 
September,  1864.  Lieut.  Fischer  resigned  his  commission  Jan- 
uary 12,  186.3,  after  which  time  Henry  Sweeten  filled  the  position. 
Lafayette  Cornwall  resigned  the  second  lieutenancy,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  James  A.  Brewer.  The  latter  resigned  January,  1863, 
from  which  time  until  May,  1864.  the  office  was  held  by  Joseph  H. 
Ristine.  Ristine  was  promoted  first  lieutenant  of  Company  K  in 
May,  1864,  and  was  succeeded  by  Meredith  Riggin,  who  held  the 
position  until  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  service. 

Company  E,  as  organized  for  the  service,  was  officered  as  follows: 
Archibald  Montgomery,  captain;  W.  R.  Simms,  first  lieutenant  and 
George  W.  Brown,  second  lieutenant.  The  non-commissioned  officers 
were  as  follows:  Sergeants — John  A.  Martin,  first;  Spotwood Thomas, 
second;  Jonathan  H.  Smith,  third;  John  S.  Jackson,  fourth,  and 
James  Johnson,  fifth.  Corporals — Richard  Goucher,  first;  James 
K.  Heath,  second;  Hanley  Webb,  third;  James  Blankenship,  fourth; 
John  F.  Gordon,  fifth;  Andrew  P.  Rupe,  sixth;  George  W.  Crume, 
seventh,  and  Orlin  Butler,  eighth. 

Privates:  James  H.  Allen,  Adam  W.  Behee,  Bailey  Nelson,  Joseph 
Baldwin,  Thomas  Brown,  John  Brown,  Lewis  Cummins,  William 
Cummins,  Aaron  Craft,  George  L.  Cain,  John  M.  Cain,  George  W. 
Chapman,  John  S.  Clousson,  Andi-ew  J.  Daniel,  William  Daniel, 
Charles  F.  Daniel,  John  G.  Daniel,  George  W.  Earl,  John  Ferguson, 
Henry  L.  Goucher,  Charles  F.  Gray,  John  H.  Gardner,  Harrison 
Haney,  John  J.  Harper.  William  Heath,  James  B.  Hooper,  Alfi-ed 
Jenkins,  J.  B.  Long,  William  Lear,  Matthew  Millspaw,  Jacob  E.  Mil- 
ler, Thomas  H.  Mitchell,  John  G.  Narsh,  James  N.  B.  Narsh,  Jacob 
Ramey,  F.  M.  Rice,  Riley  Roberts,  John  T.  Rupe,  William  Delly, 
Samuel  Sneed,  Burton  Salmon,  Marion  Salmon.  William  Stuckey, 
Jeremiah  Simms,  Porter  Simpson,  Mai-tin  V.  Strait,  Smith  Strait, 
William  Spurgin,  William  Shumard,  Ansel  Terry,  Reuben  D.  Tilly, 
Van  Thompson,  Joseph  Lally,  James  VanMeter,  Wesley  N.  Vinson, 
James  M.  Williams,  Vernum  Williams,  William  H.  Williamson,  Will- 
iam J.  Watkins,  Alfred  Whittaker  and  John  M.  Wallace. 

Archibald  Montgomery  resigned  his  commission  October,  1862, 
and  was  succeeded  by  William  R.  Simms,  who  held  the  position  until 
mustered  out  of  the  service  in  1864.     S.  A.  Thomas  was  promoted 

21 


330 


HISTOBY   OF   HARRISON   COtTNTY. 


first  lieutenant  December,  1862,  resigned  July  30,  1863,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  John  A.  Martin,  who  served  until  the  expiration  of  the  term. 
Second  Lieut.  George  W.  Brown  resigned  his  commission  July  8, 
1863.  John  A.  Harper  was  then  promoted  to  the  oflSce,  and  held  the 
same  until  September,  1864. 

A  large  portion  of  Company  G  was  raised  in  Harrison  County; 
also  portions  of  Companies  H  and  I. 

The  officers  of  Company  G  were  originally  Wat.  E.  Crandall, 
captain;  James  S.  Todd,  first  lieutenant,  and  W.  McCullough,  second 
lieutenant.  Officers  of  Company  H — Francis  Lisko,  captain,  and 
Thomas  B.  Mikels  and  Ebenezer  West,  first  and  second  lieutenants 
respectively.  Company  I — captain,  John  Parker;  first  lieutenant, 
T.   H.   Hollingsworth ;  second  lieutenant,  Jeremiah  Nash. 

The  Twenty-third  was  made  up  from  the  counties  of  Harrison, 
Grundy,  Livingston,  Linn,  Putnam,  Mercer,  Daviess  and  CarroU. 
The  regiment  entered  into  active  service  in  1861,  but  participated 
in  no  engagements  until  the  following  year,  the  principal  duty  in 
the  meantime  being  preserving  the  peace  and  protecting  the  lives 
and  property  of  Union  men  in  the  county,  where  the  command 
was  stationed.  On  the  Ist  of  April,  1862,  the  regiment  was  ordered 
to  Pittsburg  Landing,  Tenn.,  at  which  place  it  arrived  on  the  4th 
inst.  Upon  reporting  to  Maj.  -Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  then  commanding 
the  army  of  the  Tennessee,  Col.  Tindall  was  ordered  to  report 
with  his  regiment  to  Brig. -Gen.  B.  M.  Prentiss,  commanding  the  Sixth 
Division.  It  was  on  the  6th  of  the  above  month  that  the  Twenty- 
third  received  its  first  baptism  of  fire  in  the  terrific  struggle  of  Shiloh, 
which  has  gone  into  history  as  one  of  the  most  sanguinary  battles  of 
the  rebellion.  The  men  bore  themselves  like  the  heroes  they  were 
in  the  trying  ordeal,  and  earned  a  reputation  for  gallantry  second  to  no 
other  regiment  which  took  part  in  the  battle.  The  following  commu- 
nication from  Lieut.  -Col.  Quin  Morton  is  a  brief  but  graphic  account 
of  the  conduct  of  the  Twenty-third  in  its  first  engagement: 

"  I  deem  it  my  duty  to  make  a  report  of  the  action  of  the  Twenty- 
third  Missouri  Volunteers  at  Pittsburg  Landing,  on  April  6,  1862.  At 
7  o'clock  A.  M. ,  by  order  of  Col.  Tindall,  I  marched  the  regiment  in 
the  direction  of  Gen.  Prentiss'  camp.  After  marching  about  two 
miles  an  officer  of  Gen.  Prentiss'  staff  ordered  us  to  halt,  and  prepare 
for  action,  which  was  promptly  done.  As  soon  as  the  regiment  was 
placed  in  position  the  enemy  opened  fia-e  on  us  from  a  battery,  at 
about  400  yards'  distance,  which  was  continued  without  intermission 
for  two  hours. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  331 

"We  were  then  ordered  to  change  our  position,  and  to  engage  a 
large  force  of  the  enemy  who  were  pressing  us  upon  the  center,  which 
was  done.  After  a  severe  engagement  at  the  distance  of  twenty-live 
or  thirty  yards  we  drove  the  enemy  back,  not,  however,  without  serious 
loss.  We  held  the  position  assigned  us  until  4  o'clock  P.  M. ,  fighting 
almost  without  intermission,  at  which  time  we  were  ordered  to  change 
our  front  to  meet  the  enemy  who  had  outflanked  us.  Here  we  fought 
until  5  o'clock,  di'iving  the  enemy  back,  although  they  charged  us 
frequently  during  the  time.  Again  we  were  compelled  to  change  our 
position,  and  soon  after  the  change  we  were  surrounded  and  fired 
upon,  from  front  and  rear,  by  two  batteries  and  infantry.  Here  there 
was  a  most  terrible  shower  of  shot  and  shell.  We  repulsed  the  enemy 
in  our  rear,  and  determined  to  try  and  reach  the  main  body  of  the 
army  which  had  fallen  back  to  the  river;  and  in  the  effort  to  lead 
our  now  broken  forces  back  the  gallant  and  much  lamented  Col. 
Tindall  fell  shot  through  the  body,  after  having  done  his  duty  most 
nobly  during  the  day. 

' '  After  retiring  about  200  yards  we  met  a  large  force  of  the  enemy, 
and  were  compelled  to  suiTender  at  about  6  o'clock  P.  M. ,  after  ten 
hours'  almost  incessant  fighting.  Officers  and  men  behaved  nobly. 
*  *  *  Capts.  Dunlap,  Robinson  and  Brown,  Adjt.  Martin,  and 
Lieuts.  Munn  and  Simms  were  wounded.  Thirty  privates  were 
killed,  about  170  wounded,  and  375  taken  prisoners." 

Capt.  Archibald  Montgomery,  of  Company  E  (Harrison  County 
men),  wrote  from  camp  at  Pittsburg  Landing,  April  10,  as  follows: 
"  *  *  *  Our  expected  battle  is  over.  It  came  off  Simday  and 
Monday  last,  and  a  hard-fought  battle  it  was.  It  lasted  two  days 
and  two  nights,  but  we  whipped  them.  *  *  «  q^j.  regiment 
was  led  out  on  Sunday  morning  in  fi'ont  of  the  hottest  part  of  the  field. 
We  fought  till  evening,  when  the  Secesh  overpowered  our  regiment 
and  some  others,  and  took  them  prisoners.  They,  however,  took  only 
a  part  of  oui'  regiment.  There  were  some  out  of  every  company  who 
made  their  escape.  I  escaped  with  about  forty  of  my  company,  forty 
of  my  men  being  taken  prisoners.  I  found  only  two  of  my  men 
killed — Riley  Roberts  and  James  K.  Allen.  The  wounded  are  William 
Watkins,  badly;  Harrison  Hanly,  very  badly;  William  Heath,  slightly; 
J.  P.  Rupe  and  William  Lowe,  in  the  thighs.  The  names  of  some  of 
my  men  captured  are  Lieut.  Simms,  Lieut.  Brown,  John  Martin,  T. 
Brown,  William  Burris,  F.  Cummins,  W.  Chapman,  W.  Daniel,  J. 
Daniel,  J.  G.  Daniel,  T.  Daniel,  R.  Gray,  C.  Howry,  J.  Harper,  W. 
Lear,  M.  Millspaw,  J.  Miller,  T.   Murphy,  J.  Noah,  J.  Parkerson,  F. 


332  HISTORY    OF    HAKKISON    COUNTY. 

M.  Eice,  W.  Vincent,  J.  VanMeter  and  R.  Watson.  *  *  * 
This  has  been  a  bloody  battle.  *  *  *  Qur  regiment  lost 
twenty- six  killed  and  sixty  wounded,  that  we  know  of.  Our  colonel 
was  killed  and  our  major  taken  prisoner.  *         *         *         j  J^ave 

command  of  the  regiment.  You  see  we  are  in  a  bad  fix,  and  I  can't 
tell  what  we  will  do  or  where  we  will  go.  The  army  is  still  burying 
the  dead;  the  bodies  lay  over  a  space  of  four  miles  square.  We  went 
out  to-day  and  bui-ied  our  dead;  seventeen  in  one  pit." 

From  the  above  it  will  appear  that  the  Harrison  County  boys,  in 
this  their  first  battle,  conducted  themselves  with  gi-eat  gallantry,  and 
bore  their  part  in  the  bloody  ordeal  with  the  fortitude  of  experienced 
veterans. 

In  June,  1862,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Benton  barracks,  and 
continued  on  duty  there  and  in  the  city  of  St.  Louis  for  some  time, 
when  they  were  ordered  southward  to  reinforce  the  Army  of  the  Cum- 
berland. On  recovering  from  his  wound  W.  P.  Robinson  rejoined 
the  regiment,  and  was  promoted  colonel  of  the  same  on  the  7th  of 
June,  1862.  From  that  time  until  the  expiration  of  the  term  he 
continued  in  command,  and  did  gallant  service  in  the  campaigns  of 
the  Fourteenth  Army  Corps,  participating  in  a  number  of  engage- 
ments, among  which  were  the  battles  of  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Jonesboro 
and  other  engagements  near  Atlanta.  As  already  stated,  the  Twenty- 
third  Regiment  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  on  the  22d  of  Sep- 
tember. 1864. 

Company  F,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry,  "MerrilVs  Horse." — This 
company  was  recniited  in  the  summer  of  1861  as  the  Harrison  County 
Cavalry  Company,  and,  as  originally  organized,  had  the  following 
officers:  Eli  Hannahs,  captain;  Elijah  Hubbard,  first  lieutenant; 
William  T.  Foster,  second  lieutenant;  G.  W.  Elwell,  first  sergeant; 
Jackson  Green,  second  sergeant;  T.  J.  Taylor,  third  sergeant;  John 
Haggerty,  fourth  sergeant;  Samiiel  Fitch,  fifth  sergeant;  Isaac  Sher- 
ley,  first  corporal;  Thomas  D.  Neal,  second  corporal;  Bovin  Ballard, 
third  corporal,  and  H.  C.  Young,  fourth  corporal.  Privates — A.  J. 
Barber,  John  Barber.  D.  C.  Brown,  W.  A.  Brown,  T.  F.  Boyce.  J.  M. 
Bryant,  Jacob  Ballard,  N.  Ballard,  Isaac  Brown,  Anderson  Brown, 
Lewis  Byram,  A.  N.  Cave,  W.  S.  Conner,  Lewis  W.  Curl,  T.  J.  Clark, 
Charles  Cain,  Joel  Dunken,  G.  W.  Dart,  W.  O.  Diu-gen,  William  Er- 
win,  T.  L.  Foster,  A.  W.  Foster,  Daniel  Grover,  W.  H.  Gillespie,  J. 
M.  Gillespie,  G.  C.  Harbard,  A.  D.  Higgins,  John  Koons,  B.  Long,  W. 
C.  Lantis,  J.  J.  Long,  Elijah  Moore,  R.  S.  Merrin,  S.  W.  Menden- 
hall,  J.  W.  Merrifield,  Otho  Merrifield,  James  Macatel,  John  Moore, 


STATE    OF    MISSODKI.  333 

J.  E.  McElvain,  William  Merrifield  (1),  William  Memfield  (2),  G.  W. 
Miller,  William  P.  Martin,  J.  S.  Petit,  H.  C.  Potary,  H.  M.  Russ,  A. 
Ramsey,  H.  Reynolds,  M.  Skinner,  J.  M.  Saylor,  A.  J.  Samples,  W. 
P.  Wood,  J.  D.  Wilson,  W.  H.  Wilcox,  Samuel  Young,  J.  H.  Young, 
Jacob  Gilpatrick,  T.  J.  Lantis,  G.  W.  Derr,  William  Irwin,  J.  F. 
Pierson,  William  Wyatt,  I.  B.  Nichols,  J.  M.  Bears,  Peter  T.  Flinn 
and  AV.  P.  Moore. 

In  December,  1861,  the  company  was  reorganized  at  St.  Louis,  as 
Company  F,  and  attached  to  the  Second  Cavalry,  known  as  "  Merrill's 
Horse,"  with  which  it  served  gallantly  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

The  captain  at  the  time  of  reorganization  was  Theodore  Pierson, 
who  resigned  March  4,  1863.  His  successor,  Hemy  K.  Bennett,  was 
transferred  in  May,  1863,  to  Company  B,  and  on  the  1st  of  June,  of 
the  same  year,  George  H.  Rowell  took  command.  Elijah  Hubbard 
commanded  the  company  from  the  summer  of  1803  until  mustered 
out  of  the  service  September  19,  1805.  The  first  lieutenants  were 
Elijah  Hubbard,  fi-om  1861  until  May,  1863;  Joshua  Rohrer,  May  1, 
1863,  until  June  of  the  same  year;  Day  O.  Crane,  for  a  short  time; 
G.  W.  Elwell,  1803,  until  November,  1804;  George  Bradshaw, 
November,  1864,  until  mustered  out  of  service  in  1865.  Second  lieu- 
tenants—William T.  Foster,  December,  1861,  until  May,  1862; 
Lucien  B.  Potter,  a  short  time  in  1802;  G.  W.  Elwell,  November, 
1862,  until  May  1,  1803;  J.  H.  Keating,  May  1,  1863,  until  Juno  1, 
1863;  J.  S.  Taylor,  June  1,  1863,  served  until  transferred  to  Com- 
pany B,  the  same  year;  M.  P.  Woodi'uff,  Januaiy  1,  1864,  until 
November  17,  1884;  N.  W.  Lewis,  August  16,  1865,  not  mus- 
tered out. 

This  company  performed  gallant  service  in  Missotiri  during  the 
first  two  years  of  the  war,  and  with  the  regiment  participated  in  a 
number  of  battles  and  skirmishes  besides  effectually  checking  the 
guerrilla  raids  in  various  parts  of  the  State. 

Comjjany  A,  Thirty-fifth  Missouri  Infantry,  was  organized  in 
Harrison  County,  in  the  summer  and  fall  of  1802,  and  officered  as 
follows:  Horace  Fitch,  captain;  James  B.  Brower,  first  lieutenant, 
and  Calvin  Tilton,  second  lieutenant.  Non-commissioned  officers — 
R.  P.  Jones,  G.  T.  Nevill,  S.  C.  Ferguson,  S.  H.  Alexander  and  J. 
Kelly,  sergeants;  G.  Patton,  C.  Daly,  E.  Kelly,  A.  Strait,  R.  S. 
Fletcher,  J.  W.  Burton,  A.  B.  Wilson  and  D.  C.  Shirley,  corporals. 
Privates— S.  C.  AlifP,  T.  W.  Aliff,  S.  H.  Aliff,  J.  Brown,  T.  H.  Brown, 
S.  Brazzell,  S.  Brubacker,  W.  A.  Bush,  C.  L.  Benton,  D.  R.  Brad- 
ford, H.  Busson,  D.  Cook,  G.   Colton,  T.  D.   Cooley,  J.  Davis,  J.  B. 


334  HISTORY    OF   HARRISON   COUNTY. 

Dehart,  A.  B.  Davenport,  J.  Davenport,  T.  Daley,  J.  Ennes,  A.  T. 
Freel,  H.  O.  Gray,  W.  H.  Henson,  H.  HufiFman,  J.  Hicks,  W.  M.  Heas- 
ton,  J.  Hopkins,  S.  B.  Henry,  W.  Hart,  A.  H.  Herider,  G.  Irwin, 
W.  Jones,  G.  Jackson,  A.  Labross,  J.  W.  Martin,  N.  L.  D.  Matthews, 
T.  J.  McFall,  J.  Miller,  J.  Murphy,  Irwin  Montgomery,  E.  Phillips, 
J.  Poush,  H.  Poush,  C.  Polish,  E.  Reedy,  J.  B.  Richardson,  P.  Strait, 
T.  B.  Schaeffer,  F.  M.  Smith,  W.  Shoots,  A.  L.  Simpson,  J.  M. 
Shively,  E.  J.  Sturdevant,  L.  T.  Shirley,  G.  Taylor,  J.  Q.  Trimmer, 
J.  Weaver,  J.  Wright,  W.  H.  H.  Wilson,  D.  Wright,  J.  Williams, 
W.   Wooden  and  W.  N.  Wiley. 

The  organization  of  the   Thirty-fifth  was   perfected   December  3, 

1863,  and  immediately  thereafter  it  took  the  field.  During  the  greater 
part  of  that  year  it  was  stationed  at  Helena,  Ark. ,  and  participated 
in  the  battle  at  that  place,  on  the  4th  of  July,  of  the  same  year,  and 
lost  heavily  in  the  engagement.  In  June,  1864,  the  regiment  with 
others,  imder  the  command  of  Gen.  N.  B.  Buford,  "proceeded  down 
the  Mississippi  River;  up  the  White,  to  cut  off  through  that  into  the 
Arkansas;  up  the  last  mentioned  river,  into  the  neighborhood  of 
Arkansas  Post,  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  strength  of  a  rebel 
force  then  organizing  under  Shelby,  Daubin  and  others. "  Having 
accomplished  this  object  the  expedition  returned  to  Helena,  June  26. 
The  following  month  the  regiment  participated  in  a  hotly  contested 
battle,  with  a  portion  of  Shelby  and  Daubin' s  forces,  cutting  their 
way  through  the  enemy's  lines  three  times,  with  the  loss  of  their  gal- 
lant leader,  three  officers  and  thirty-seven  men.      During  the    fall  of 

1864,  and  the  spring  and  early  summer  of  1865,  the  Thirty-fifth  was 
engaged  in  guerrilla  warfare,  picket  and  garrison  duty.  It  was 
honorably  discharged  from  the  service  on  the  28th  of  June,  1865,  at 
Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Company  E,  Forty -third  Infantry. — This  company  was  made  up 
wholly  of  Harrison  County  men,  and  was  recruited  in  the  fall  of  1864. 
The  organization  was  effected  with  the  following  commissioned  officers: 
Simeon  Sutton,  captain;  William  Canady,  first  lieutenant,  and  Daniel 
D.  Boyce,  second  lieutenant.  Privates — John  S.  Allen,  Thomas  B.  Al- 
len, Thomas  J.  Adair,  Hezekiah  Allen,  Charles  W.  Barber,  A.  Boothe, 
Benjamin  R.  Brower,  David  E.  Bain,  Burgess  Barber,  Benjamin 
Bridges,  William  Blake,  Lewis  H.  Barger,  Philip  Butcher,  John 
Bogue,  John  S.  Cook,  Jesse  Charleston,  Thomas  J.  Carson,  William 
F.  Cain,  Jeremiah  Cooper,  M.  V.  B.  Eisenbarger,  David  Elliott, 
Orlando  Elliott,  Robert  S.  Ellis,  George  W.  Fletcher,  Daniel  J.  Gil- 
liland,  Samuel  N.  Glaze,  William  H.  Gillpatrick,   James  P.  Garton, 


STATE    OF    MISSOUEI.  335 

John  S.  Davis,  Jolin  A.  Delong,  Samuel  Davis,  Charles  L.  Davis, 
Dicurgus  Hammer,  James  F.  Hamaker,  David  Honn,  Ephraim  L. 
Hampton,  Charles  L.  Hall,  Joseph  N.  Koontz,  Jonathan  Sundy,  Rob- 
ertson Lafallett,  David  C.  Moore,  Daniel  B.  Miller,  Samuel  V.  Mc- 
Henry,  Thomas  Moore,  George  V.  Murphy,  George  W.  Myers,  James 
M.  Nevill,  Joshua  A.  Officer,  Conrad  Poush,  James  N.  Richardson, 
Jacob  H.  Richardson,  Aurelius  Richardson,  T.  J.  Robertson,  William 
H.  Richardson,  Ckristopher  Rife,  F.  B.  Sherer,  John  Fowler,  Will- 
iam R.  Fowler,  Thomas  B.  Thompson,  John  L.  Thompson,  Jacob  F. 
Templeman,  Samuel  Ulin,  R.  B.  Wilson,  C.  H.  W^eldon,  W^illiam  Q. 
Weldon,  James  J.  Weldon,  Stephen  W.  Watson,  Joseph  Wright,  Levi 
Wooden,  Hugh  Foster,  John  E.  Frasier,  Lewis  R.  Glenn,  Elbert 
Hogan,  William  A.  Inhope,  Darius  Looman,  M.  P.  Magee,  Adam 
Osborn,  Isaac  Phillibaum,  John  H.  Poynter,  F.  R.  Quigleyi  Marcus 
Rakestraw.  William  Shipley,  William  J.  Travis,  Martin  V.  Toombs, 
Richard  F.  Utter,  Silas  W^  Wagner,  Richard  P.  Holaway,  Franklin 
B.  Young. 

The  Forty-third  was  organized  as  a  regiment  on  the  22d  of  Sep- 
tember, 1864,  and  mustered  into  service  June  30,  1865.  Several 
companies  participated  in  the  battle  of  Glasgow  October  15,  1864, 
after  which,  until  discharged  in  1865,  the  regiment  was  actively 
engaged  in  an  irregular  guerrilla  warfare. 

Company  H,  Twelfth  Cavalry  Missouri  Volunteers,  was  organized 
in  Harrison  County  in  January,  1864,  by  Preston  Sharp,  and  num- 
bered about  sixty  men.  The  officers  were  S.  S.  Vansyckel,  captain, 
served  from  February,  1864,  to  April  29,  1864.  His  successor,  John 
Collar,  served  from  the  latter  date  until  the  regiment  disbanded  in  1865. 
Preston  Sharp,  first  lieutenant,  from  February,  1864,  until  expiration 
of  term  of  service;  Daniel  Johns,  second  lieutenant,  from  February 
25,  1864,  until  June  2,  1864;  James  R.  Allen,  his  successor  in  the 
office,  from  July  9,  1864,  until  February  17,  1865;  Alexander  Fort- 
une, from  March,  1865,  until  the  regiment  was  discharged.  The 
Twelfth  Cavalry  was  assigned  to  duty  in  St.  Louis  in  1864,  and  later 
was  attached  to  the  First  Division  Cavali-y  District  of  West  Tennessee, 
commanded  by  Brig. -Gen.  Hatch.  Its  first  battle  was  an  engagement 
at  Grant,  on  the  Tallahatchie  River,  near  Abbey ville;  later  formed  a 
part  of  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith's  command  on  his  expedition  to  Oxford, 
Miss.,  in  which  campaign  it  bore  a  conspicuous  and  brilliant  part; 
was  engaged  in  battle  with  Hood's  army  in  November,  1864,  and  in 
December  took  part  in  the  first  day' s  battle  before  Nashville,  and  was 
one  of  the  first  regiments  to  reach  the  enemy's  works,  capturing  seven 


336  HISTORY    OF    HAEBISON    COUNTY. 

pieces  of  artillf  ry  and  about  250  prisoners.  After  performing  various 
kinds  of  dutj'  in  Northern  Mississippi  and  other  parts  of  the  South, 
the  regiment  was  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  Dodge,  commanding  the 
department  of  Missouri,  and  later  was  detached  and  assigned  duty  in 
the  West.  Dui-ing  the  summer  of  1865  the  regiment  was  engaged  in 
Indian  warfare  on  the  Powder  River  and  Yellowstone,  in  whicl^  the 
men  behaved  with  characteristic  gallantry. 

Missoriri  State  Militia. — Company  I,  First  Cavalry,  Missouri 
State  Militia,  was  raised  in  Harrison  County  in  the  spring  of  1S62. 
Officers:  Milton  Burris,  captain;  John  H.  Smith,  first  lieutenant,  and 
Daniel  Shumate,  all  of  whom  served  until  honorably  discharged  in 
April,  18G5.  The  First  Cavalry  was  commanded  by  Col.  James  Mc- 
Ferran,  and  was  engaged  principally  in  guerrilla  warfare  in  various 
countiee  of  Missouri.  It  did  gallant  service  and  took  an  active  part 
in  a  great  many  skirmishes  with  iiTegular  Confederates  and  bushwhack- 
ers, and  secured  peace  and  quiet  to  the  region  where  it  operated. 

Company  E,  Third  Cavalry,  Missouri  State  Militia,  was  organized 
April,  1862,  with  Capt.  Charles  B.  McAfee  in  command.  L.  Corn- 
wall was  first  lieutenant,  and  served  fi-om  April,  1862,  until  the  12th 
of  the  succeeding  month,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  William  C. 
Frazee,  who  served  from  May  14,  1862,  iintil  September  23,  1802,  at 
which  time  Stephen  C.  Clark  was  promoted  to  the  position.  William 
H.  Biu-ns  served  as  second  lieutenant  from  April,  1862,  until  the  fol- 
lowing September,  and  in  October  Thomas  Perkins  was  promoted  to 
the  office. 

Col.  Walter  A.  King  commanded  the  Third  Cavalry,  and  the  prin- 
cipal duty  performed  was  operating  against  guenillas  and  bush- 
whackers, and  preserving  the  peace  in  various  counties  of  the  State. 

Company  G,  Sixth  Cavalry,  Missouri  State  Militia,  captain, 
John  A.  Page,  was  organized  in  the  spring  of  1862.  William  Xewby 
was  first  lieutenant,  and  James  C.  Baker,  second  lieutenant.  The 
former  resigned  his  commission  July  27,  1863,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Delivan  Hannas,  whose  term  of  sei-vice  expired  in  1865.  The  com- 
mission of  Lieat.  Baker  was  vacated  July  21,  1863,  and  on  the  26th 
of  that  month  Da'S'id  Gondier  was  promoted  to  the  position.  Under 
the  command  of  Col.  E.  Catherwood,  the  Sixth  Cavalry  performed 
gallant  service  against  guerrillas  during  the  years  1862  and  1868:  also 
operated  in  Arkansas  and  the  Indian  Nation,  and  participated  in  the 
attack  and  rout  of  Gens.  Steele  and  Cooper,  at  PerryviUe,  Choc- 
taw country,  battle  of  Backbone  Mountain  and  capture  of  Fort 
Smith.     During  the  years  1864  and  1865  the  Sixth  participated  in  a 


STATE    OF    MISSOCEI.  337 

number  of  engagements,  and  in  the  campaigns  against  the  Confed- 
erate, Gen.  Price,  among  which  were  the  battles  at  Jefferson  City, 
Russellville,_  Boonville.  Dover,  Independence,  Big  Blue,  Osage, 
Newtonia,  and  others.  During  the  latter  part  of  1865  it  performed 
ordinary  camp  and  escort  duty. 

Enrolled  Missouri  Militia.  —In  July,  1862,  Gov.  Gamble  issued  an 
order  (No.  19)  requiring  the  loyal  men  subject  to  military  service  to 
organize  into  companies  and  regiments.  The  material  part  of  this 
order  was  as  follows: 

Every  able  bodied  man  capable  of  bearing  arms  and  subject  to  military 
duty  is  hereby  ordered  to  repair  without  delay  to  the  nearest  miiitar}'  post,  and 
report  for  duty  to  the  commanding  officer.  Every  man  will  bring  with  him 
whatever  arms  he  ma}'  have  or  can  procure  and  a  good  horse  if  he  has  one. 

All  arms  and  ammunition  of  whatsoever  kind  and  wherever  found  will  be 
taken  possession  of,  and  used  for  the  public  defense.  *  *  The  militia- 
men shall  assemble  at  any  post,  will  be  immediately  enrolled  and  organized 
into  companies,  elect  their  officers,  and  be  sworn  into  service. 

Six  daj's  after  the  date  of  this  order  are  allowed  for  every  man  fit  for 
military  duty  to  report  to  the  commanding  officer  of  the  nearest  military  post 
and  be  enrolled. 

In  pursuance  of  this  order  eleven  companies  were  organized  in 
Harrison  County,  and  formed  into  what  was  known  as  the  ' '  Fifty- 
seventh  Regiment  Em'olled  Militia."  The  first  commissioned  officers 
were  D.  J.  Heaston,  colonel;  James  M.  Nevill,  lieutenant -colonel; 
William  G.  Weldon,  major.  Col.  Heaston  resigned  in  a  short  time, 
and  was  succeeded  by  James  Neville,  and  he  in  March,  1864,  by  "Will- 
iam G.  Lewis. 

F.  M.  Jackson  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  in  August,  1863, 
and  served  till  expiration  of  term  in  1865.  The  other  regimental  offi- 
cers were  as  follows:  H.  J.  Skinner,  adjutant;  Howard  T.  Combs, 
adjutant,  succeeded  the  former  July,  1863;  Elliott  P.  Bunch,  quarter- 
master; R.  H.  Vandivert,  surgeon;  Jonathan  U.  Lewis,  surgeon. 

Company  A. — F.  M.  Jackson,  captain,  succeeded  subsequently  by 
John  S.  Hall;  A.  J.  Allen,  first  lieutenant;  George  Burris,  Jr.,  second 
lieutenant. 

Company  B. — Simeon  Sutton,  captain;  F.  R.  Quigly  and  Richard 
W.  Handy,  lieutenants. 

Company  C. — Benjamin  S.  Ramey,  captain;  Benton  Salmon  and 
L.  G.  Spurgin,  first  and  second  lieutenants,  respectively. 

Company  D. — Captain,  J.  C.  Frisby;  first  lieutenant,  Daniel  D. 
Boyce;  second  lieutenant,  William  H.  Eades. 

Company  E. — William  J.  Prater,  captain;  David  Wright  and  D. 
S.  Miller,  lieutenants. 


338  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

Company  F. — -Stephen  C.  Allen,  captain.  The  lieutenants  were 
Joseph  Miller  and  H.  E.  Badger. 

Company  G. — Preston  Sharp,  captain;  J.  C.  Anderson,  first  lien- 
tenant,  succeeded  September,  1862,  by  Jacob  Koontz.  The  second 
lieutenant  was  J.  C.  Anderson. 

Company  H. — William  Canady,  captain;  John  Canady,  first  lieu- 
tenant; Henry  H.  NevUl,  second  lieutenant. 

Company  I. — James  H.  Lynch,  captain;  Felix  Randall  and  Ameri- 
cus  Bunch,  lieutenants. 

Company  K. — William  W.  Harper,  captain;  O.  T.  Graham,  first 
lieutenant;  William  J.  Nevill,  second  lieutenant. 

Company  L. — James  P.  Anderson,  captain:  James  Stanbrough 
and  George  W.  Nevill,  lieutenants. 

This  regiment  was  organized  ostensibly  for  home  protection  and 
police  duty,  subject  to  be  called  upon  whenever  needed.  It  was  called 
out  upon  three  occasions,  and  in  all  performed  about  two  months' 
service. 

There  were  perhaps  from  twenty-five  to  thirty  men  from  Harrison 
in  the  army  of  the  Confederacy,  but  no  organized  effort  was  made 
during  the  war  toward  raising  troops  for  the  Southern  cause  in  the 
county. 

It  only  remains  to  be  said  that  the  people  of  the  county  who 
remained  at  home,  both  Southern  and  Union,  lived  in  compara- 
tive peace  with  each  other.  They  strove  rather  to  protect  than 
to  expose  each  other  to  military  aggression  or  persecution.  '  Tis  true 
there  were  several  transactions  of  a  serious  nature  which  grew  out  of 
the  sectional  troubles,  but  these  were  greatly  deplored  by  the  law- 
abiding  citizens  irrespective  of  political  affiliation.  Both  sides,  while 
disagi'eeing  on  matters  of  opinion,  wisely  left  the  fighting  to  the  sol- 
diers in  the  field.  Had  other  portions  of  the  State  been  guided  b}'  the 
same  wise  counsels,  they  would  have  been  spared  on  many  occasions 
the  bitterness  and  humiliation  that  fell  with  such  a  heavy  hand  upon 
person  and  property. 

CITIES  AND  TOWNS. 
He  who  attempts  to  present  with  unvarying  accuracy  the  annals  of  a 
town  or  city  whose  history  reaches  back  through  a  long  period  of  years, 
imposes  upon  himself  a  task  beset  with  many  difficulties.  These  diffi- 
culties, manifold  and  perplexing  in  themselves,  are  often  augmented 
by  conflicting  statements  and  varying  data,  furnished  by  well-meaning 
old  residents  and  others  as  material  from  which  to  compile  a  true  and 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  339 

faithful  record  of  past  events.  To  give  facts,  and  facts  only,  should 
be  the  aim  and  ambition  of  him  who  professes  to  deal  with  the  past, 
and  in  the  pages  which  follow  the  chronicler  inclines  to  those  state- 
ments supported  by  the  greater  weight  of  testimony  and  the  more  rea- 
sonable air  of  probability. 

Bethany. — The  founding  of  the  city  of  Bethany  dates  back  nearly 
half  a  century.  The  earliest  settlements  in  the  vicinity  were  made 
without  regard  to  the  place  ever  becoming  a  town  or  city,  and  were 
more  the  force  of  accident  than  of  any  prearranged  or  definite  plan. 
The  beautiful  site  with  the  fertility  of  the  surrounding  country,  plenty 
of  timber  and  abundance  of  game  arrested  the  attention  of  several 
pioneer  families  who  saw  in  all  these  attractions  an  eligible  place  for 
homes.  Accordingly  they  selected  their  location,  and  at  once  pro- 
ceeded to  erect  their  humble  cabins  "  afar  from  the  busy  haunts  of 
men."  This  was  not  less  than  forty-eight  years  ago,  from  which  time 
properly  dates  the  history  of  that  part  of  Harrison  County  known  as 
Bethany  Township. 

As  early  as  the  year  1839  a  pioneer  by  the  name  of  Sharp  Win- 
ningham  moved  from  Ray  County,  Mo.,  and  located  a  home  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  northeast  of  the  present  site  of  Bethany.  From  the 
best  information  Mr.  Winningham  was  one  of  the  first  permanent 
settlers  in  the  vicinity  of  the  town.  Philip  Harris,  about  the  same 
time,  settled  two  miles  southwest,  where,  in  1841,  he  erected  a  water 
mill  on  Big  Creek,  the  first  industry  of  the  kind  ever  established  in 
Harrison  County.  A  man  by  the  name  of  Williams  made  a  temporary 
settlement  a  little  over  a  mile  west  of  the  town  site  in  1838  or  1839, 
and  in  the  latter  year  one  Hiram  Tinney  moved  to  the  locality,  and 
made  a  few  improvements  a  short  distance  east,  on  land  purchased  in 
1841  by  Elder  John  S.  Allen.  John  Poynter  and  Joel  Harris  settled 
west  of  the  town  in  1840,  and  the  next  year  witnessed  the  arrival 
of  Thomas  Tucker,  W.  R.  Allen,  William  C.  Allen,  John  S.  Allen, 
A.  W.  Allen,  Josiah  Allen,  Ephraim  Stewart,  C.  L.  Jennings,  J.  W. 
Brown,  Thomas  Brown  and  Levi  Reeves,  all  of  whom  located  within 
a  radius  of  a  few  miles  from  the  town  site.  These  were  all  men  of 
substantial  worth,  and  did  much  toward  encouraging  immigration  to 
this  part  of  the  county. 

Among  the  other  early  settlers  in  the  vicinity  of  Bethany  were 
David  Buck,  Luther  Collins,  Thomas  Geer,  Dr.  Robertson,  Samuel 
Neal,  Dennis  Clancy  and  others,  the  majority  of  whom  became  resi- 
dents of  the  county  early  in  the  forties 

On  the  14th  of  February,  1845,  the  Legislature  of  Missouri  passed 


340  HISTORY    OF    HAEEISON    COUNTY. 

an  act  providing  for  the  organization  of  Harrison  County,  and  immedi- 
ately thereafter  three  commissioners  were  appointed  to  locate  a  site  for 
the  seat  of  justice.  In  due  time  these  commissioners  visited  the 
county,  and  after  due  deliberation  made  a  report  of  their  proceedings 
to  the  court  as  follows: 

State  of  MisaouRr,  J 

.    HARBISON   COUNTY,      f       ' 

We,  Edward  Smitb,  John  Gibson  and  Ebenezer  H.  Wood,  the  commission- 
ers appointed  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Missouri  to  locate  the  seat 
of  justice  of  Harrison  County  according  to  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  provide 
for  the  organization  of  certain  counties,"  approved  February  14,  1845.  There- 
fore, in  obedience  to  said  act,  we,  the  said  commissioners,  met  at  the  time  and 
place  bj'  said  act  mentioned,  and  were  severally  sworn  according  to  law  by 
.John  W.  Brown,  justice  of  the  peace  in  and  for  the  township  of  North,  in  said 
county  of  Harrison,  and  State  of  Missouri  aforesaid.  Whereupon,  we  proceeded 
to  examine  the  several  points  and  places  whereupon  to  locate  said  site,  and  after 
a  full  and  faithful  examination,  we.  the  said  commissioners,  have  selected  the 
following  place,  to  wit:  The  west  half  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  No. 
10,  Range  No.  28.  Township  No.  63;  also  the  east  half  of  the  southwest  quarter 
of  Section  No.  10,  Range  38,  Township  63.  Given  under  our  bands  this  25th 
day  of  April,  1845. 

Edward  S.mith, 
John  Gibson, 
E.  H.  Wood, 

CommMsioners. 

To  the  site  thus  selected  the  name  of  Dallas  was  given,  and  at  the 
June  term,  1845,  the  county  court  appointed  John  S.  Allen  commis- 
sioner to  survey  the  toi^'n  into  lots  and  offer  the  same  for  sale.  After 
entering  into  bond  of  $1,000  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duty, 
Mr.  Allen  employed  some  workmen  to  cut  off  the  brush  and  timber, 
aud  securing  the  services  of  John  Plaster,  surveyor,  had  the  original 
plat  of  Dallas  ' '  laid  out ' '  on  the  27th  of  June,  1845.  This  plat  known 
as  the  first  survey  of  Bethany  is  seventy-six  rods  east  and  west,  and 
forty-two  rods  north  and  south,  making  an  area  of  nineteen  acres, 
three  roods  and  thirty-three  rods.  The  plat  consists  of  fifteen  blocks, 
each  containing  144  square  rods ;  the  center  lots,  fronting  the  square, 
contain  4,003^  square  feet  of  ground;  the  remainder  of  the  lots 
embrace  6, 138  square  feet.  The  alleys  are  all  twelve  feet  wide.  The 
following  streets  are  shown  on  the  plat:  East,  Water,  Marion,  and 
West,  running  north  and  south,  and  South  and  Main,  running  east  and 
west. 

It  appears  that  the  name  Dallas  did  not  meet  the  general  approval 
of  the  people,  quite  a  number*  of  whom  suggested  that  some  other 
name  be  adopted.      The  nature  of  their   objections  is  not  now  known. 


STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  341 

but  SO  determined  did  they  become  that  the  matter  was  brought  before 
the  county  court  at  the  June  term,  1845.  It  was  then  mutually 
agreed  that  the  court  and  officers  present,  including  the  sheriff,  clerk, 
treasurer,  attorney  and  county  seat  commissioner,  should  select  the 
name  by  ballot.  The  names  Bethany  and  Carthage  were  proposed. 
The  votes  showed  a  majority  in  favor  of  adopting  the  former,  accord- 
ingly the  name  Bethany  was  given  to  the  town,  and  so  entered  as  a 
matter  of  record. 

From  the  best  local  aitthority  it  is  ascertained  that  the  first  house 
on  the  present  site  of  Bethany  was  a  hewed- log  building  about 
16x16  feet  in  size,  erected  northeast  of  the  public  square,  as 
early  as  1845,  by  William  R.  Allen.  While  built  ostensibly  for  a 
residence  it  was  not  used  as  such,  but  answered  the  purpose  of  a  busi- 
ness house,  and  served  to  give  shelter  to  the  first  stock  of  goods  ever 
brought  to  the  town.  It  stood  for  a  number  of  years,  but  subsequently 
with  a  number  of  other  ancient  landmarks  was  completely  destroyed 
by  fire  in  1864. 

During  the  fall  and  winter  of  1845-46  several  buildings  were 
erected  in  the  town,  among  which  are  remembered  the  log  residence 
of  Clement  Oatman  on  North  Street,  and  the  dwelling  of  Martin 
Jennings  west  of  the  square,  where  Dascomb's  butcher  .shop  now 
stands.  Mr.  Jennings  was  the  first  man  to  extend  his  hospitalities  to 
the  traveling  public,  and  it  was  in  his  building  that  the  first  grand 
jury  of  Harrison  County  convened  for   deliberation. 

An  early  building  was  erected  by  Robert  Bullington  where  the  St. 
Joseph  House  now  stands;  and  on  the  same  lot  Alston  Allen  built  a 
hewed-log  structure  in  which  was  kept  one  of  the  fijst  groceries  and 
restaurants  in  Bethany.  Both  houses  were  erected  as  early  as  1846, 
and  stood  intact  until  comparatively  very  recent  date.  John  W. 
Brown  and  W.  R.  Allen  built  a  hewed-log  house  on  the  same  street 
a  little  east  of  the  Bullington  building,  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business  about  the  year  1847.  The  following  year  John  W.  Brown, 
W.  R.  and  John  S.  Allen  erected  a  frame  business  house  on  the 
corner  of  the  same  block,  Lot  7,  Block  3,  where  the  Roberts'  brick 
store-room  now  stands,  and  about  the  same  time  a  frame  building  was 
erected  on  North  Street,  by  Samuel  iSfelson. 

The  first  courthouse  was  erected  in  1846  on  the  southwest  corner 
of  Block  2,  northeast  of  the  public  square,  and  by  its  presence  added 
dignity  to  the  town.  It  will  be  impossible  at  this  late  day  to  give 
anything  approximating  a  full  list  of  the  earliest  residents  of  Bethany, 
but  among  those  who  came  when  the  town  was  but  a  niche  in  the 


342  HISTORY   OF   HARRISON   COUNTY. 

surrounding  were  Jacob  Oxford,  M.  P.  Wills  Samuel  Clark,  Hardin 
Oatman,  John  Oatman,  Dr.  Long,  and  those  whose  names  are  already 
given.  During  the  first  three  or  four  years  the  following  persons 
became  owners  of  real  estate  in  the  village :  Thomas  Taylor,  William 
S.  Brown,  Thomas  Foster,  Ansel  Terry,  James  L.  Robinson,  John  W. 
Casebolt,  Michael  Ballew,  Samuel  Nelson,  George  W.  Noah,  John  W. 
Brown,  Samuel  Edmiston,  Amos  Spurgin,  E.  S.  Hughes,  Benjamin 
T.  Whedbee,  J.  M.  Smith,  Charles  L.  Jennings,  Jesse  Vail,  Ezariah 
Hulse,  Nathan  B.  Thompson,  David  Macey,  John  D.  Enloe,  E.  M. 
Scott,  Matthew  B.  Wilkinson  and  Joel  H.  Worthington,  the  majority  of 
whom  became  residents. 

Early  Business  Men. — John  and  Clem  Oatman  were  the  first  mer- 
chants in  Bethany.  They  bought  a  stock  of  goods  soon  after  the 
town  was  surveyed,  and  sold  the  same  in  the  little  log  building 
erected  by  W.  R.  Allen.  They  did  a  fair  business  for  the  time,  and 
remained  in  the  town  until  about  the  year  1847  or  1848,  when  their 
stock  was  purchased  by  Samuel  Nelson.  The  latter  continued  the 
trade  with  fair  success  until  1849,  at  which  time  he  sold  out  and  went 
to  California.  Jesse  Vail  erected  a  log  building  about  the  year  1848, 
and  for  one  year  carried  on  a  fairly  successful  trade  with  a  miscella- 
neous assortment  of  merchandise.  Conspicuous  among  the  early  mer- 
chants was  John  S.  Allen,  who  engaged  in  the  goods  business  in  the 
spring  of  1848.  In  1851  he  erected  a  frame  store  building  on  North 
Street,  and  subsequently  put  up  the  brick  business  house  which  he 
still  occupies.  This  was  the  first  brick  business  house  in  the  town. 
Mr.  Allen  has  been  prominently  identified  with  Bethany  ever  since  it 
was  founded,  and  has  done  as  much,  if  not  more,  than  any  other  man 
toward  promoting  its  business  interests.  Among  other  early  mer- 
chants were  Bell,  Buck  &  Hodge,  Mr.  Cleveland,  Benjamin  Whed- 
bee, J.  P.  Devers,  Dr.  Ford,  Brady  &  Wills. 

Mechanics.  — One  of  the  first  mechanics  in  Bethany  was  John  W. 
Casebolt.  He  moved  to  the  village  shortly  after  the  survey,  and  erected 
a  blacksmith  shop  on  the  present  site  of  Smith's  lumber  yard,  North 
Street,  where  for  a  number  of  years  he  plied  his  vocation  of  smithing 
and  wagon-making.  He  appears  to  have  been  a  good  workman,  and 
found  abundant  opportunities  for  the  exercise  of  his  skill  during  the 
early  days  of  the  town.  A  Mr.  Tisdale  engaged  in  the  business  of 
making  and  repairing  wagons  in  an  early  day,  as  did  also  James 
Sevier  and  Patrick  Maxey,  all  of  whom  earned  the  reputation  of 
skillful  mechanics.  William  Gale  was  the  first  cabinet-maker  and 
wood- workman. 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  343 

Professional  Men. — Dr.  Hardia  Oatman  began  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  Bethany  in  the  fall  of  1845,  and  continued  for  several 
years.  J.  C.  Blackburn,  WUliam  Fallis,  Dr.  Ford,  Dr.  Sanders,  Dr. 
Burton,  Dr.  Trower,  Dr.  Tennis,  D.  Macy  and  John  D.  Enloe  were 
other  early  physicians. 

In  addition  to  the  above  professional  celebrities,  the  legal  frater- 
nity was  early  represented  in  Bethany  by  not  a  few  intellectually  able 
men,  prominent  among  whom  was  William  G.  Lewis,  the  peer  of  any 
lawyer  of  his  time  in  Northern  Missouri.  Among  other  resident 
attorneys  may  be  mentioned  the  following:  John  R.  Morledge,  John 
H.  Phillibavim,  H.  P.  Edmiston,  Orrin  Lee  Abbott,  and  later,  Will- 
iam F.  Miller,  D.  J.  Heaston,  John  Wyatt,  Thomas  D.  Neal,  John  C. 
Howell,  D.   S.  Alvord,  and  others. 

The  Postoffice. — There  were  very  limited  mail  facilities  here  when 
the  postoffice  was  established,  forty-two  years  ago.  We  learn  that  an 
office  was  started  in  Bethany  in  1845.  David  Buck  was  the  post- 
master, and  no  doubt  his  duties  were  light,  particularly  when  but  few 
papers  were  then  published,  and  letters  fi'om  the  old  home  cost  much 
more  than  the  present  reduced  rates  of  postage.  No  better  illustration 
of  growth  and  development  and  of  the  changes  wrought  is  needed  than 
is  seen  in  the  modern  postoffice.  At  one  time  the  pony  mails  passed 
through  the  country  weekly  or  semi-monthly,  when  they  were  per- 
mitted by  the  streams  to  go  through  at  all.  There  are  no  records  by 
which  it  can  be  ascertained  how  much  mail  matter  now  comes  daily 
into  the  town  of  Bethany,  but  an  approximation  might  be  reached  by 
contrasting  the  large  bags  of  papers  and  letters  received  by  every 
train  with  the  old  fashioned  horseback  mail.  This  increase  in  mail 
matter,  however,  is  not  merely  the  mark  of  growth  or  population  of 
the  town,  or  a  measure  to  the  spread  of  intelligence  or  education, 
but  it  is  a  mark  of  the  age,  and  an  index  to  the  change  and  habits  of 
the  people,  and_  applies  to  the  whole  country.  The  first  postoffice 
here  was  called  Bethpage.  The  name  was  subsequently  changed  to 
Bethany,  and  the  office  has  been  held  from  time  to  time  by  John  W. 
Brown,  T.  H.  Templeman,  Miss  Frances  Collier,  J.  W.  Wion  and 
James  Simms.      The  present  incumbent  is  George  Phillips. 

Manufactories.  — Bethany  has  never  been  noted  as  a  manufacturing 
town.  The  early  enterprises  of  this  kind  have  been  confined  to  saw 
and  flouring-mills,  carding-mills,  tanneries,  brickyards,  wagon  and 
furniture  factories,  none  of  which  were  ever  conducted  upon  a  very 
extensive  scale.  Why  the  city  has  not  been  more  of  a  manufacturing 
center  is  a  problem.     With  the  finest  timber  in  easy  reach,  excellent 


344  HISTOKT    OF    HARBISON    COUNTY. 

railroad  facilities  and  the  close  proximity  of  good  markets,  what 
more  is  needed?  Only  energy  and  enterprise.  The  geographical  posi- 
tion of  the  town,  its  advantage  as  the  center  of  a  fertile  region  possess- 
ing various  resources  demanded  by  an  advancing  civilization,  warrant 
the  belief  that  a  safe  exercise  of  enterprise  and  industry  on  the  part 
of  its  citizen  manufacturers  will  gi'eatly  increase  the  present  popula- 
tion and  wealth  in  a  few  years.  Nearly  every  competent  manufact- 
urer or  mechanic  who  has  given  strict  attention  to  his  trade  in  Bethany 
has  prospered.  This  fact  of  itself  is  sufficient  to  warrant  the  belief 
that  the  city  could,  with  proper  degree  of  energy,  be  made  a  prominent 
manufacturing  center. 

The  honor  of  establishing  the  first  mamrfacturing  enterprise  in 
Bethany  belongs  to  Col.  C.  L.  Jennings,  who,  about  the  year  1854  or 
1855,  erected  a  steam  mill  in  the  northwest  part  of  the  town.  This  was 
a  combination  mill,  manufactured  both  lumber  and  flour,  and  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  was  extensively  patronized  by  the  citizens  of  the  city  and 
adjacent  country.  It  was  afterward  sold  and  moved  to  the  east  part 
of  the  county. 

The  second  mill  was  erected  by  Dr.  Ford  about  the  year  1854,  and 
stood  not  far  from  the  spot  occupied  by  the  former  structure.  It  was 
a  combination  mill  also  operated  by  steam  power,  and  did  a  fair  busi- 
ness for  a  short  time.  The  building  was  afterward  sold  and  moved 
from  the  city. 

One  of  thebest  flouringmills  of  Northwest  Missouri  is  the  Bethany 
mills,  owned  and  operated  at  this  time  by  the  McClure  Brothers.  This 
establishment  dates  back  to  about  1860  or  1861,  and  stands  in  the 
west  part  of  the  city  on  Big  Creek.  It  was  erected  by  Henry  Laney, 
who  for  some  time  operated  it  as  a  flouring-mill  and  woolen  factory. 
It  subsequently  passed  into  the  hands  of  James  C.  Baker,  who  after 
operating  it  a  short  time  sold  out  to  Mr.  Laney,  and  he  in  turn  dis- 
posed of  the  business  in  1878  to  the  McClures.  The  present  firm, 
McClure  Bros.,  remodeled  the  mill  in  1887,  supplying  the  latest 
improved  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  flour  by  the  full  roller 
process,  and  are  now  doing  a  large  merchant  and  custom  business,  mak- 
ing upon  an  average  of  fifty  barrels  per  day,  the  greater  part  of  which 
finds  ready  market  in  the  county.  Seven  men  find  steady  employ- 
ment in  the  mill,  and  the  business  of  the  firm  is  constantly  increasing. 
The  brands  of  flour  are  the  "'  first  patent"  "Primrose"  and  "Nixie," 
all  of  which  have  gained  a  wide  reputation  on  account  of  their  supe- 
rior quality.  The  mill  building  is  a  large  two  story  and  a  half  frame 
structure,  55x90  feet  in  size  exclusive  of  the  engine  and  boiler  rooms, 


STATE    OF    MISSOUEI.  345 

and  contains  in  addition  to  the  flonring-mill,  machinery  for  the  manu- 
facture of  woolen  goods,  carding,  spinning,  etc.,  which  is  kept  in 
operation  about  six  months  of  the  year. 

About  the  year  1861  or  1862  Messrs.  Collier  and  Dean  brought  a 
steam  sawmill  to  the  town,  which  was  in  operation  for  a  period  of 
two  or  three  years.  It  stood  near  the  western  limits  of  the  city,  and 
during  the  time  it  was  in  operation  did  a  fairly  successful  business. 
Considerable  attention  has  been  given  in  Bethany  to  the  manufacture 
of  wagons  and  carriages,  One  of  the  first  persons  to  engage  in  this 
enterprise  was  John  F.  Pitt  who,  about  the  year  1876,  erected  a  large 
factory  on  North  Street,  in  which  he  carried  on  the  business  in  con- 
nection with  general  blacksmithing  until  1887.  The  buildings  were 
then  leased  by  J.  A.  Cushman  who,  by  his  energy  and  perseverance 
as  well  as  a  thorough  knowledge  of  all  details  of  the  business,  has  suc- 
ceeded in  building  up  a  wide-spread  trade,  second  to  no  other  enter- 
prise of  the  kind  in  Harrison  or  adjoining  counties.  He  employs  none 
but  first  class  mechanics,  and  manufactures  from  150  to  200  wagons 
per  year,  besides  doing  a  general  repair  and  blacksmithing  business. 

A  wagon  and  carriage  factory  was  started  about  the  year  1869  or 
1870  by  J.  H.  Curry,  who  was  succeeded  in  1884  by  W.  S.  Eades. 
The  building  is  situated  on  North  Street,  and  the  enterprise  is  one  of 
the  leading  industries  of  the  city.  Mr.  Eades  employs  four  hands, 
and  makes  a  specialty  of  manufacturing  and  repairing  wagons  and 
carriages,  besides  doing  a  large  blacksmithing  business. 

The  Cooper  Furniture  Factory  on  North  Street  was  erected  in  the 
year  1886  by  W.T.  Cooper,  who  engaged  in  the  business  in  1885  in  part- 
nership with  J.  W.  Lehr.  The  first  building  was  burned  in  the  latter 
year,  since  which  time  Mr.  Cooper  has  carried  on  the  business  by  him- 
self. The  present  building  is  27x50  feet  in  size,  supplied  with  good 
machinery  operated  by  steam  power.  Employment  is  furnished  to 
from  four  to  six  men,  and  the  furniture  manufactured  has  already 
gained  more  than  a  local  reputation.  There  are  several  establishments 
and  shops  where  manufacturing  and  repairing  are  conducted  upon  a 
limited  scale,  but  the  above  constitutes  the  leading  manufacturing 
enterprises  of  the  city. 

Banks. — The  first  bank  in  Harrison  County  was  established  by 
Campbell  Crossan  in  the  year  1872,  with  a  capital  of  110,000.  Mr. 
Crossan  has  since  continued  the  business  as  sole  proprietor,  and  has 
met  with  the  most  encouraging  success,  his  bank  being  one  of  the  best 
known  establishments  of  the  kind  in  this  section  of  the  State.     The 

22 


346  HXSTOKY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

present  neat  building  on  Water  Street  was  erected  in  1883.  G.  C. 
Crossan  is  the  efficient  cashier,  and  Ed.  M.  Crossan,  assistant. 

Bethany  Savings  Bank  was  established  in  August,  1872,  incor- 
porated as  a  State  bank  with  John  S.  Allen,  president;  M.  McCollum, 
cashier,  and  A.  F.  Woodruff,  secretary.  The  capital  stock  is  $22,000; 
deposits  subject  to  draft,  §65,280,  and  total  resources,  by  the  financial 
statement  of  August,  1 887,  $88, 769. 94.  The  reputation  of  this  bank 
is  second  to  no  other  in  Northern  Missouri,  and  the  vast  amount  of 
business  done  yearly  shows  that  the  people  have  unlimited  confidence 
in  its  management.  The  proprietors  are  among  the  most  substantial 
business  men  of  the  city,  while  the  officials  are  noted  for  their  popu- 
larity and  efficiency.  The  directors  at  this  time  are  J.  P.  Slatten,  V. 
Price,  D.  S.  Alvord,  J.  F.  Bryant,  J.  P.  Hamilton,  A.  F.  Woodruff 
and  H.  A.  Moulton. 

City  Government. — Bethany  was  incorporated  as  a  city  by  an  act 
of  the  General  Assembly  bearing  date  of  January  6,  1860.  Under 
this  charter  the  corporate  limits  of  the  town  were  included  in  the  west 
half  of  the  southeast  quarter,  and  east  half  of  the  southwest  quarter 
of  Section  10,  Township  63,  Range  28.  This  was  amended  March  3, 
1869,  so  as  to  include  all  lots  and  additions  that  had  been  annexed  to 
the  original  plat  of  the  town.  The  charter  provided  for  the  election 
of  the  following  municipal  officers:  one  mayor,  five  councilmen,  city 
attorney,  treasurer,  clerk  and  marshal,  whose  terms  of  service  were 
fixed  at  one  year  each.  The  first  officers  were  T.  H.  Templeman, 
mayor;  W.  F.  Miller,  attorney;  D.  J.  Heaston,  clerk;  S.  C.  Miller, 
treasurer;  Thomas  Starkey,  marshall;  W.  G.  Lewis,  C.  L.  Jennings, 
J.  W.  Casebolt,  J.  P.  Devers  and  B.  F.  Whedbee,  councilmen.  The 
following  were  among  the  ordinances  adopted  by  the  first  board: 
relative  to  councUmen  attending  meetings,  etc. ;  keeping  in  repairs  all 
streets,  and  defraying  other  expenses;  providing  for  a  tax  of  li  per 
cent  on  all  property,  and  a  poll  tax  of  75  cents;  providing  for  open- 
ing streets,  and  fixing  punishment  for  refusing  so  to  do;  providing 
adequate  fines  and  punishment  for  certain  misdemeanors — rapid  riding 
and  driving,  etc. ;  fixing  license  tax  for  shows,  exhibitions,  etc. ;  pro- 
viding for  removal  of  nuisances,  etc. ,  and  several  others.  The  first 
assessor  was  Dr.  William  Fallis,  who  was  allowed  8  cents  for  each 
name  in  the  list  returned  by  him.  March  12,  1875,  Bethany  was  in- 
corporated as  a  city  of  the  fourth  class,  and  its  limits  made  to  include 
the  following  territory:  the  southeast  quarter  and  the  west  half  of 
the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  10,  and  the  north  half  of  the  north- 
east quarter  of  the  northwest  quarter,  and  the  north  half  of  the  north 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  347 

half  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  15,  all  in  Congressional  Town- 
ship 63,  Range  28.  Without  attempting  to  trace  the  different 
boards,  and  city  legislation,  we  give  the  following  list  of  officers 
who  have  served  from  time  to  time: 

Mayors— T.  H.  Templemau,  D.  J.  Heaston,  J.  F.  Bryant,  M.  W. 
McCuny,  A.  N.  Cave,  W.  H.  Hillman,  John  W.  Wion,  Lee  D.  Bell, 
W.  H.  Skinner  and  J.  H.  Nordyke. 

Clerks— D.  J.  Heaston,  J.  F.  Bryant,  W.  C.  Heaston,  F.  H. 
Earner,  John  W.  Kenyon.  W.  P.  Robinson,  Andrew  Gumming,  W.  H. 
German,   James  H.  Rusk  and  E.  R.   Durham. 

Treasurers — H.  O.  Bryant,  J.  E.  Zimmerlee,  E.  G.  Covault,  A.  D. 
Stubbs,   H.  A.  Moulton,  Robert  Dunn  and  Theodore  Newburn. 

The  municipal  officers  at  this  time  are  J.  H.  Nordyke,  mayor; 
E.  R.  Durham,  clerk;  Theodore  Newburn,  treasurer;  T.  B.  Ellis, 
collector;  E.  H.  Frisby.  city  attorney;  William  L.  Fruit,  marshal 
and  street  commissioner;  E.  S.  Miner,  A.  J.  Fuller,  Andrew  Gum- 
ming and  Joseph  A.    Winslow,   councilmen. 

It  is  laudable  in  Bethany  that  she  j)uts  her  best  men  in  office 
to  control  her  affairs.  When  a  city  does  this  a  pure  and  uncor- 
rupted  government  is  the  result. 

Additions. — The  following  are  among  the  most  important  addi- 
tions made  to  Bethany  since  the  survey  of  the  original  plat: 
Schnatterly' 8  addition  of  thirty-three  lots,  by  H.  L.  Schnatterly, 
March,  1871;  Buck's  addition,  nine  lots,  April,  1871;  West  Beth- 
any, twelve  blocks,  on  the  west  half  of  the  southwest  quarter  of 
Section  10,  Township  63,  Range  28,  laid  out  October,  1871,  for 
Robert  S.  Nelson,  Thomas  Monson,  Elisha  W  Barton,  Woodson 
Swope,  William  Fallis,  George  H.  Snyder,  John  Slinger  and  A.  H. 
Garton.  This  was  incorporated  separately  in  1871,  but  since  that 
time  the  two  towns  have  been  considered  as  one.  Allen's  second 
addition,  eight  lots,  October,  1871;  Schnatterly' s  addition,  thirty- 
five  lots,  March,  1871,  by  H.  L.  Schnatterly;  Bryant's  addition, 
twelve  lots,  April,  1881;  Garton's  addition,  ten  lots,  March,  1881; 
Tucker's  second  addition,  June,  1873,  by  Charles  G.  Roberts  and 
James  Tucker,  administrators  of  the  estate  of  Thomas  Tucker; 
Schnatterly' s  third  addition,  July,  1882;  D.  J.  Heaston  platted  an 
addition  of  forty-four  lots,  March,  1882;  Blackburn's  addition, 
surveyed  May  11,  1883  for  C.  J.  Blackburn,  proprietor;  Turner's 
addition  of  forty-eight  lots  was  laid  out  in  August,  1884,  by  Joseph 
Bartlett,  administrator  of  the  estate  of  Robert  Turner. 

Fires.  —Bethany,  like  many  larger   cities,  has  been  visited  at  dif- 


348  HISTOEY   OF   HAERISON   COUNTY. 

ferent  times  by  the  fire  fiend.  From  its  birth  it  has  had  its  fires,  but 
the  first  great  conflagration  occurred  about  the  year  1864,  when  the 
northeast  part  of  the  town,  on  North  Street,  was  laid  in  a  heap  of 
smoldering  ruins.  This  fire  originated  in  the  Bethany  House,  kept 
by  Jacob  Jones,  and  before  it  could  be  checked  five  business  houses 
and  several  residences  were  completely  destroyed.  Among  the  build- 
ings burned  were  the  hotel,  store  of  William  A.  Templeman,  Veazy 
Price's  harness  shop,  store  building  of  John  S.  Allen,  residence  of 
Mrs.  Nelson  and  others.  The  loss  was  very  great,  but  the  town  soon 
recovered  from  the  effects  of  the  conflagration.  There  have  been  sev- 
eral destructive  tires  since  that  time,  among  which  was  the  burning  of 
the  coiu'thouse.      A  full  account  of  this  disaster  is   given  elsewhere. 

In  April,  1883,  occurred  a  very  destructive  conflagration,  during 
the  progress  of  which  the  buildings  east  of  the  public  square  were 
reduced  to  ashes.  This  was  the  work  of  an  incendiary.  The  following 
is  a  list  of  the  buildings  biu-ned  and  the  loss  sustained :  A.  D.  Smith' s 
dwelling,  loss  $500;  Dr.  Dunn' s  livery  and  feed  stable,  $1,000;  Misses 
Curry  &  Wymore,  loss  on  building,  $400,  on  stock  of  millinery,  $250; 
W.  H.  German,  loss  on  building,  $800,  on  billiard  tables,  $300;  Hyatt 
&  McGrew,  loss  on  grocery  stock,  $2,200;  C.  Crossan,  bank,  $1,500; 
F.  H.  Ramer,  Republican  office,  $1,000;  Thomas  D.  Neal,  loss  on 
building  occupied  by -Reptt6Zica»t  office,  $500;  Mrs.  Utterback's  milli- 
nery store,  $1,300;  Joseph  Bonser,  grocery  store,  $800;  Bethany 
Savings  Bank,  loss  on  building  belonging  to  the  Cuddy  estate,  $1,300. 
R.  F.  Good,  dwelling  house,  $600;  J.  Myles,  photograph  gallery, 
$100;  loss  on  the  Miller  building,  $500;  B.  Collins'  residence,  $250; 
J.  C.  Wilson  lost  nearly  all  the  furniture  of  his  law  office;  Wes. 
Behee,  loss  on  tools,  machinery,  etc.,  $300;  Sid.  Behee,  loss  on  tools, 
$100. 

The  buildings  north  and  south  of  the  east  side  of  the  square  were 
saved  by  the  persistent  and  untiring  efforts  of  the  citizens.  In  less  than 
thirty  minutes  after  the  first  alarm  of  fire  was  sounded  at  least  200 
men,  armed  with  buckets,  were  on  the  ground  and  at  work,  and  only 
by  their  industry  were  the  Atheneum  and  other  buildings  saved.  The 
banks  had  their  valuables  in  their  vaults,  and  after  opening  the  same 
the  contents  were  found  safely  preserved. 

While  the  conflagration  entailed  a  very  destructive  loss  the  suffer- 
ers, with  characteristic  energy,  soon  rallied  from  its  effects,  and  began 
the  erection  of  new  and  improved  buildings.  The  new  Bethany  that, 
Phoenix-like,  rose  from  the  ashes  of  the  old,  is  far  more  beautiful  and 
magnificent,  which  proves  the  loss  to  have  been  a  blessing  in  disguise. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  349 

But  for  it  and  others  the  city  would  not  wear  her  present  comeliness 
and  beauty.  Illuminated  by  the  flame  of  its  fall,  and  transfigured  by 
the  divinity  of  its  resurrection,  its  new  growth  has  been  marked  by  a 
progress  before  unknown. 

Grototh  and  Development. — The  first  few  years  of  Bethany  waa 
not  characterized  by  a  very  rapid  growth.  The  country  was  then  new, 
and  but  little  necessity  for  towns  existed.  A  few  small  stores  and 
shops  were  all  there  was  of  business  for  several  years,  and  the  develop- 
ment of  the  town  as  well  as  the  adjacent  country  was  naturally  slow. 
But  as  population  increased,  business  grew  and  developed  with  the 
demands  of  the  times,  and  as  early  as  1855  the  town  was  noted  as 
one  of  the  best  local  trading  points  in  Northwest  Missouri.  From 
that  time  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  its  growth  was  steady 
and  substantial,  and  its  favorable  location  attracted  the  attention  of 
gentlemen  possessed  of  means  and  comprehensive  business  capacity. 
During  the  war  the  town  was  content  to  occupy  a  secondary  place, 
but  after  the  close  of  that  unhappy  struggle  business  of  all  kinds 
revived,  and  a  career  of  substantial  prosperity  has  continued  uninter- 
rupted until  the  present  time.  The  completion  of  the  Chicago,  Bui'- 
lington  &  Quinoy  Railroad  in  1880  marked  an  important  era  in  the 
history  of  the  city,  since  which  time  its  population  has  greatly 
increased,  and  more  pretentious  business  houses  have  been  erected. 
Among  the  improvements  since  the  advent  of  the  railroad  may  be 
noted  the  Wren  &  Cumrning's  large  two -story  brick  business  house; 
the  Atheneum  building,  a  large  three-story  brick  structure,  50x100 
feet  in  size,  with  business  rooms  below,  and  a  fine  hall  capable  of 
seating  from  800  to  1,000  people  above;  the  Poynter  hotel,  now  the 
Hotel  Emerson,  a  three- story  brick,  on  the  principal  street  of  the  city; 
J.  P.  Hamilton's  large  hardware  store;  F.  T.  Harvey's  furniture 
house;  the  Cuddy  block,  the  largest  business  building  in  the  city, 
and  a  structure  that  would  do  honor  to  a  much  more  pretentious  town; 
the  Noll  building,  business  houses  erected  by  Joseph  Bryant,  the 
Roberts'  brick  building,  Crossan's  bank,  King's  blacksmith  shop,  the 
Pitt  wagon  factory,  Eade's  wagon  factory,  Cooper's  furniture  factory 
and  others. 

The  handsome  residences  should  not  be  overlooked  in  the  general 
summary  of  the  city's  elegant  buildings.  Many  palatial  dwellings 
situated  on  beautiful  grounds,  and  surrounded  by  trees,  ornamental 
shrubbery,  and  fragrant  flowers  are  seen  on  the  principal  streets, 
while  smaller,  but  not  less  beautiful  houses  in  all  parts  of  the  town 
would  lead  the  stranger  to  believe  that  Bethany  is  decidedly  a  citj'  of 


350  HISTOBY    OF   HAKEISON   COUNTY. 

comfortable  homes.  Of  the  many  structures  we  will  particularize 
none,  for  fear  of  omissions  that  might  appear  unjust  to  the  owners. 
Other  ornaments  to  the  architectural  beauty  of  the  city  are  the 
churches,  school  building  and  courthouse,  which  find  appropriate 
mention  elsewhere. 

In  its  moral,  social  and  intellectual  condition  Bethany  can  justly 
enter  into  rivalry  with  any  city  or  community  in  the  State  of  Missouri. 
The  manners  of  her  people  are  polished  and  refined,  her  public  as 
well  as  private  morals  are  above  reproach,  and  there  is  less  disorder 
among  her  citizens  than  generally  falls  to  the  lot  of  the  most  favored 
communities.  In  short  her  meed  of  prominence,  character  and 
standing,  considering  its  population,  is  equal  to  any  town  west  of  the 
Mississippi. 

Business  and  Business  Men. — As  a  business  point  Bethany  occu- 
pies no  secondary  place  among  her  sister  towns  of  Northwest  Mis- 
souri. Situated  in  the  midst  of  a  proverbially  rich  agricultural  and 
stock  country,  and  easily  accessible  by  rail  to  the  leading  commercial 
centers  north  and  south,  the  town  has  become  the  principal  source 
of  supplies  for  a  large  area  of  territory,  and  one  of  the  most  promi- 
nent shipping  points  for  grain  and  live  stock  on  the  line  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quiney  Road.  The  spirit  of  improvement 
during  the  last  two  years  denotes  a  healthy  business  prosperity,  and 
it  is  no  wild  or  extravagant  prediction  to  suggest  the  probability  of 
Bethany  becoming  the  leading  city  of  Northwest  Missouri.  Addi- 
tional to  the  early  business  men  enumerated  the  following  men  and 
firms  were  identified  with  the  commercial  interests  of  the  town  fi'om 
time  to  time:  Bell  &  Buck,  H.  M.  Cuddy,  Allen  &  Cuddy,  Mr. 
Hardesty,  Dr.  J.  C.  Blackburn,  Eoberts  Bros. ,  Blackburn  &  Newman, 
Dr.  Tull,  Eller  &  Bro. ,  Ford  &  Brown.  Johnston  &  Sherer,  Hiatt 
&  Sons,  W.  A.  Templeman,  Mr.  Holt,  J.  P.  Hamilton  &  Co. 

Present  Business. — Dry  goods,  Moulton  &  Cuddy;  Yowell  &  Love, 
Wren  &  Cumming,  Glaze  Brothers,  Dunn  Bros.  &Co. ,  W.  C.  Rose 
and  John  S.  Allen.  Hardware — J.  P.  Hamilton  &  Stubbs,  and  M.A. 
Ford  &  Co.  Drugs— T.  B.  Sherer  &  Son,  Fuller  &  Newburn  and 
D.  T.  Johnson.  Grocers— T.  A.  Dunn,  Gay  Aufrieht,  C.  W. 
Myers  &  Son,  Jacob  Noll,  J.  M.  Cornelison,  E.  M.  Ashford  and  J.  W. 
Bonser.  Fiu-niture — F.  T.  Harvey.  Harness  and  saddlery — John  S. 
Allen  &  Son,  M.  Turner  and  Barry  Bros.  Milliners — Mrs.  M.  J. 
Dodd,  Hubbard  Sisters,  Mary  Eoberts,  Miss  Devers  and  Mrs.  W.  W. 
McCurry.  Agricultural  implements — W.  G.  Osborn.  Lumber  Yard — 
Miner  &  Frees.     Restaurants — Andrew  Flint   and  Philip  Schwenck. 


STATE   OF   MISSOUKI.  351 

Livery — John  S.  Allen,  Jr.,  and  J.  Hand.  Hotels — Hotel  Emerson, 
formerly  the  Poynter  House,  J.  S.  Emerson;  St.  Joe  House,  by  J.  T. 
Richardson;  Anderson  House,  by  Mrs.  Anderson;  Ramer  House,  by 
Mrs.  Ramer.  Marble  shop — John  W.  Kenyon.  Photographers — Papi- 
neau  Bros.  Meat  markets — J.  M.  Dascomb  and  J.  H.  Casebolt. 
Huckster — George  Peak.  Manufactuiers  of  patent  medicines — D.  B. 
Heath  &  Son.  Furniture  factory — W.  T.  Cooper.  Manufacturers  of 
wagons  and  carriages — J.    Cushman  and  W.  S.  Eades.     Butcher — S. 

P.  King.     Shoemakers — E.  Zimmerman,  Gilbert  Arney  and Hat- 

terman.  Painters — J.  H.  Prentiss,  A.  Prentiss,  Joseph  Prentiss,  R. 
Bedell  and  P.  Swatsell.  Physicians — J.  Walker,  A.  H.  Vandivert, 
Lewis  King,  T.  B.  Ellis  and  W.  H.  Skinner.  Dentist — H.  R.  Neeper. 
Dealer  in  pianos  and  organs — A.  J.  Barber.  Merchant  tailor — H. 
Roleke. 

Assessed  value  of  real  estate  and  personal  property  for  the  year 
1887,  in  Bethany  and  West  Bethany,  was  $598, 785.  The  population 
is  about  1,600. 

Secret  Societies. — The  moral  and  benevolent  institutions  wield  al- 
most as  great  influence  in  their  way  as  Christianity  itself.  Of  all  the 
charitable  and  benevolent  organizations  Freemasonry  is  the  most  an- 
cient and  honorable.  Not  the  least  of  the  wonderful  features  of  the 
order  is  its  perpetual  youth.  All  organizations  have  their  times  to 
live  and  die.  Human  governments  rise,  flourish  and  disappear,  leav- 
ing only  desolation  in  the  places  where  their  glory  formerly  shone. 
But  Masonry  originating  so  long  ago  that  history  tells  not  of  its  begin- 
ning has  sm-vived  the  decay  of  dynasties  and  the  revolution  of  races, 
and  kept  pace  with  the  marvelous  march  of  Christianity. 

Freemasonry  was  introduced  into  Bethany  at  an  early  day.  Bethany 
Lodge,  No.  97  was  organized  under  dispensation  on  May  7,  1853,  with 
the  following  ofdcers:  J.  P.  Devers,  W.  M. ;  C.  M.  Scott,  S.  W. ;  W^ 
R.  Allen,  J.  W. ;  B.  P.  Whedbee,  Sec. ;  H.  T.  Monson,  S.  D. ;  Milton 
Fowler,  J.  D. ,  and  J.  W.  Casebolt,  Tyler.  The  first  person  initiated 
was  W.  S.  Clark,  June  4,  1853,  and  on  August  27  of  the  same  year 
Elijah  Glendening  was  raised  to  the  degree  of  Master  Mason.  Among 
the  members  at  that  early  period  are  found  the  names  of  a  number  of 
Bethany's  prominent  citizens:  Elisha  W.  Bantom,  J.  S.  Haines,  Thom- 
as M.  Geer,  J.  P.  King,  M.  P.  Wills,  Stephen  C.  Miller,  L.  D. 
Thompson,  John  Spencer,  P.  Copenbarger  and  others.  The  lodge  was 
chartered  May  25,  1854,  with  J.  P.  Devers,  W.  M. ;  B.  F.  Whedbee, 
S.  W. ;  W.  R.  Allen,  J.  W.  When  first  organized  the  lodge  was 
No.  44,  but  under  the  charter  it  was  changed  to  97.     Among  those 


352  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

who  became  identified  with  the  organization  dui'ing  the  years  1854-55, 
were  Peter  Price,  H.  Salmon,  H.  Cox,  Iven  Low,  Eobert  Salmon, 
Isaac  Brady,  H.  M.  Cuddy,  William  Cummings,  C.  J.  Blackburn, 
T.  H.  Templeman,  G,  W.  Miller  and  William  G.  Lewis.  The 
officers  of  the  lodge  in  1855  were  John  P.  Devers,  W.  M. ;  B.  T.  Whed- 
bee,  S.  W.;  John  S.  Allen,  J.  W. ;  M.  P.'WUls,  Sec;  S.  C.  Miller, 
Treas. ;  C.  J.  Blackburn,  S.  D. ;  G.  W.Miller.  J.  D.  and  E.  W.  Ban- 
tom,  Tyler.  In  June,  1856,  the  following  officers  were  chosen:  John 
S.  Allen,  W.  M. ;  John  Spencer,  S.  W. ;  William  G.  Lewis,  J.  W. :  M. 
P.  Wills,  Sec. ;  S.  C.  Miller,  Treas. ;  William  Cummings,  Tyler. 

1860— John  Wyatt,  W.  M. ;  T.  B.  Sherer,  S.  W. ;  John  H.  Philli- 
baum,  J.  W. ;  D.  J.  Heaston,  Sec. ;  S.  C.  Miller,  Treas. ;  H.  T.  Mon- 
son,  S.  D. ;  E.  W.  Bantom,  J.  D.,  and  George  Davis,  Tyler. 

1870— D.  J.  Heaston,  W.  M. ;  J.  A.  Brewer,  S.  W. ;  J.  E.  Zim- 
merlee,  J.  W. ;  Lewis  Heffner,  Treas. ;  W.  P.  Robinson,  Sec. :  L  S. 
Bryant,  S.  D. ,  and  Joseph  Bartlett,  J.  D. 

1880— T.  B.  Sherer,  W.  M. ;  J.  K.  Kirk,  S.  W. ;  Julius  Tower, 
J.  W. ;  Lewis  Heffner,  Treas. ;  W.  P.  Robinson,  Sec. :  George  W. 
Wanamaker,  S.  D. ;  1.  S.  Bryant,  J.  D. ,  and  J.  J.  Wernminger,  Tyler. 

The  officers  for  1887  are  E.  E.  Durham,  W.  M. ;  Sparks  McClure, 
S.  W. ;  H.  R.  Neeper,  J.  W. ;  C.  Crossan,  Treas. ;  T.  B.  Ellis,  Sec. ; 
J.  R.  Kirk,  S.  D. ;  W.  L.  Fniit,  J.  D. 

The  first  place  in  which  the  lodge  held  its  meetings  was  a  room  in 
the  upper  story  of  what  is  now  the  St.  Joe  House,  which  was  subse- 
quently exchanged  for  an  apartment  in  the  Allen  building,  on  Korth 
Street.  After  using  the  latter  a  number  of  years  a  hall  was  fitted  up 
in  what  is  now  the  Dunn  building,  southwest  of  the  public  square, 
where  the  sessions  were  regularly  held  until  1884.  In  that  year  the 
present  hall  in  the  third  story  of  the  Cuddy  block  was  completed  and 
rented  by  the  lodge.  This  is  said  to  be  the  finest  and  most  complete 
Masonic  hall  in  the  State  outside  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis.  The  main 
room  is  in  size  43x66  feet,  in  addition  to  which  there  are  a  lodge  par- 
lor, preparation  or  candidate's  room,  Tyler's  station  and  armory  room 
for  commandery,  all  elegantly  finished  and  furnished  in  the  latest  style 
of  art.  Bethany  Lodge  has  much  more  than  a  local  reputation,  and  for 
systematic  and  comi^lete  work  ranks  among  the  best  Masonic  organiza- 
tions in  Missouri.  It  has  enjoyed  an  almost  unparalleled  degree  of 
prosperity,  and  is  constantly  increasing  in  numbers  and  influence,  the 
present  membership  being  about  sixty-two.  It  is  a  noteworthy  fact 
that  nearly  all  of  Bethany's  leading  business  and  professional  men 
have  been  active  members  of  the  lodge,   consequently  its  history  is 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  353 

closely  interwoven  with  nearly  everything  of  interest  connected  with 
the  city.  Conspicious  among  the  active  members  of  the  organization 
was  William  G.  Lewis,  elected  Worshipful  Master  in  1867.  He 
received  the  three  degrees  of  Masonry  in  Bethany  Lodge,  being  raised 
to  the  siiblime  degree  of  Master  Mason  on  the  4th  of  November,  1855; 
was  re-elected  Worshipful  Master  in  1867,  again  in  1868,  and  con- 
tinued to  hold  the  position  until  the  time  of  his  death,  February  18, 
1869.  He  was  for  a  number  of  years  a  prominent  citizen  of  Bethany, 
"ever  aiding,  encouraging  and  supporting  the  right,"  and  as  a  Mason 
ranked  high  in  the  fraternity  of  Northwest  Missoiiri.  The  following 
appropriate  resolutions  were  adopted  by  the  lodge  upon  the  occasion 
of  his  death : 

Whereas,  it  has  pleased  the  Grand  Architect  of  the  universe  to  remove 
from  our  midst  our  worthy  Brother  ana  Worshipful  Master,  William  G.  Lewis, 
and  in  his  death  our  lodge  has  lost  one  of  its  most  honored,  most  virtuous  and 
most  noble  members,  and 

Whereas,  this  lodge  feels  so  sensibly  this,  its  great  loss,  therefore 

Resolved,  that  in  the  death  of  Brother  Lewis  our  county  has  lost  one  of  her 
most  distinguished  citizens,  society  a  bright  light  and  intelligent  ornament,  and 
the  fraternity  a  devoted  and  untiring  member,  our  lodge  a  faithful  presiding 
officer,  and  the  church  an  exemplary  Christian. 

Resolved,  that  this  lodge  extend  its  heartfelt  sympathy  and  consolation  to 
the  bereaved  widow  and  orphan  children,  who  have  thus  lost  a  kind,  affectionate 
husband  and  father,  pointing  them  to  that  bright  immortality  that  fadeth  not 
away. 

Mr.  Lewis  was  the  only  Worshipful  Master  of  the  lodge  who  died 
while  in  office. 

Bethany  Royal  Arch  Chapter  was  organized  June  10,  1873,  with 
the  following  officers  and  charter  members:  D.  J.  Heaston,  H.  P. ;  C. 
Crossan,  K. ;  W.  P.  Eobinaon,  S. ;  A.  Crossan,  C.  H. ;  Joseph  Corbett, 
P.  S. ;  William  T.  Small,  R.  A.  C. ;  C.  Crossan,  Treas. ;  Thomas  H.  B. 
W^alker,  Sec. ;  Arthur  Graham,  M.  3d  Veil;  C.  Cheney,  M.  2d  Veil ;S.  J. 
Scott,  M.  1st  Veil.  A  charter  was  granted  by  the  Grand  Chapter  of  Mis- 
souri on  the  9th  of  October,  1878. 

The  officers  in  1876  were  D.  J.  Heaston,  H.  P. ;  C  Crossan,  K. ; 
W.  P.  Robinson,  S. ;  A.  Crossan,  C.  H. ;  M.  S.  Gillidett,  P.  S. ;  T.  B. 
Sherer,  R.  A.  C. ;  W.  C.  Heaston,  M.  3d  Veil;  L.  Hart,  M.  2d  Veil; 
L  S.  Bryant,  M.  Ist  Veil;  Lewis  HefEner,  Treas.;  John  W.  Kenyon, 
Sec. ,  and  C.  Heney,  G. 

Present  officers:  Theodore  Newburn,  H.  P.;  M.  A.  Ford,  K. ;  T. 
A.  Dunn,  S. ;  J.  R.  Kirk,  C.  H. ;  W.  J.  Wightman,  P.  S. ;  C.  Crossan, 
Treas.  ;T.B.  Ellis,  Sec. ;  T.  B.  Sherer,  M.  3d  Veil;  W.  P.  Robin- 
son, M.  2d  Veil;  J.  H.  Prentiss,  M.  1st  Veil;  present  membership, 
thirty -eight. 


354  HISTORY   OF   HARRISON   COUNTY. 

Bethany  Commandery,  Knights  Templar,  was  organized  on  the  8th 
of  March,  1883,  by  W.  J.  Terrell,  of  Harrison ville,  Eight  Emi- 
nent Grand  Commander  of  Missouri,  assisted  by  John  R.  Parsons  and 
S.  E.  Wagner,  Past  Grand  Commanders;  John  E.  Sloan,  Grand  Drill 
Master;  G.  F.  Rogers,  G.  J.  Waid,  C.  E.  Lord  and  R.  O.  Carscaden. 
The  commandery  was  chartered  May  1,  1883.     The  first  officers  were 

C.  Crossan,  Eminent  Commander;  D.  J.  Heaston,  Generalissimo:  M. 
S.  Gillidett,  C.  G. ;  W.  P.  Robinson,  S.  W. ;  T.  B.  Ellis,  J.  W. ;  H. 
M.  Craner,  Treasurer;  G.  H.  Osborne,  Recorder;  Theodore  Newburn, 
S.  B. ;  J.  B.  Thomas,  S.  B. ;  T.  B.  Sherer,  Warden.  At  the  first  reg- 
ular meeting  the  order  was  conferred  upon  five  candidates,  and  seven 
petitions  were  received.  The  membership  at  this  time  is  thirty-two. 
The  officers  are  C.  Crossan,  E.  C. ;  Gay  Aufi-icht,  G. ;  Theodore  New- 
burn,  C.  G. ;  T.  B.  Sherer,  Prelate;  W.  P.  Robinson,  Treasurer;  T. 
B.  Ellis,  Recorder;  M.  A.  Ford,  S.  W. ;  T.  A.  Dunn,  J.  W.,  and  M.  S. 
Gillidett,  Warden. 

/.  O.  0.  F.  — Odd  Fellowship,  the  twin  sister  of  Masonry  in  charity 
and  benevolence,  is  represented  in  Bethany  by  Miriam  Lodge,  No.  129, 
which  was  chartered  on  May  19,  1850.  Among  the  early  members  of 
the  organization  were  the  following:  D.  C.  Threlkeld,  O.  L.  Abbott, 

D.  D.  Boyce,  John  E.  Creyton,  J.  F.  Collier,  David  Goucher,  James 
Sevier,  James  Richster,  Ephraim  Stewart,  H.  M.  Cuddy,  P.  H. 
Maxey,  C.  A.  Nelson,  William  Martin,  E.  S.  Minton,  James  Price,  A. 
M.  Dean,  Samuel  Ross,  William  P.  Carson  and  Samuel  Downey. 

First  meetings  were  held  in  the  John  S.  Allen  building  north  of 
the  public  sqxiare,  and  for  a  number  of  years  the  lodge  grew  and 
prospered.  The  hall  in  which  meetings  are  now  held  is  well  fin- 
ished and  furnished,  and  belongs  to  the  lodge.  In  1870  Miriam 
Cemetery  one-half  mile  northwest  of  the  city  was  laid  out  under  the 
auspices  of  the  order,  and  has  since  become  the  principal  burial  place 
in  the  county.  The  lodge  is  in  good  condition  financially,  and  has  an 
active  membership  of  forty-two.  The  elective  officers  for  1887  ai-e  J. 
R.  Kirk,  N.  G. ;  Irwin  Williams,  V.  G. ;  John  W.  Wirninger,  Sec, 
and  Joseph  Bonser,  Treas. 

Bethany  Encampment,  No.  35,  was  instituted  in  the  year  1867  with 
about  fourteen  members.  The  society  at  one  time  became  quite 
strong  in  numbers,  and  was  kept  up  until  about  the  year  1885.  Owing 
to  deaths  and  removals  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  disband  the  society, 
accordingly  the  charter  was  surrendered  in  the  above  year.  A  lodge  of 
the  Rebecca  degree  was  organized  in  1866,  and  prospered  for  several 
years.     It  was  disbanded  in  1883,  and  the  charter  sun-endered. 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  355 

Bethany  Lodge,  No.  87,  Knights  of  Pythias,  was  established  in 
1883,  with  eighteen  members  whose  names  are  as  follows:  S.  W. 
Leslie,  J.  C.  Wilson,  F.  K.  Aufricht,  W.  J.  Taylor,  Frank  Meyer, 
W.  S.  McCray,  E.  Dunn,  J.  H.  Casebolt,  J.  D.  Good,  T.  O.  Tucker, 
W.  L.  Barry,  J.  T.  Corcoran,  Joseph  Newland,  H.  D.  Poynter,  W. 
A.  Templeman  and  Max  Keller.  The  lodge  at  one  time  had  the 
names  of  thirty-eight  members  upon  the  roll,  a  number  which  subse- 
quently became  greatly  diminished  on  account  of  removals.  Meetings 
were  regularly  held  until  1886,  at  which  time  the  charter  was  sur- 
rendered. 

Inter  Ocean  Lodge,  No.  84,  Ancient  Order  United  Workmen,  was 
chartered  October  28,  1878,  and  organized  with  the  following  officers: 
U.  M.  Browder,  P.  M.  W. ;  Miles  S.  Gillidett,  M.  W. ;  Robert  F. 
Good,  G.  F. ;  Jacob  H.  Anslyn,  O.  G. ;  Fred  H.  Ramer,  recorder; 
Jefferson  Nordyke,  financier;  Joseph  Winslow,  receiver;  James  M. 
Roberts,  G. ;  William  J.  Taylor,  I.  W. ;  Isaac  S.  Bryant,  O.  W. 
The  officers  at  this  time  are  C.  A.  Axline,  M.  W. ;  U.  G.  Osborn,  F. ; 
V.  P.  Rupe,  O. ;  A.  T>.  Stubbs,  R. ;  J.  W.  Kenyon,  F. ;  W.  T.  Cooper, 
Treas. ;  Robert  F.  Good,  I.  W. ;  W.  S.  Fades,  O.  W.,  and  J.  H. 
Cover,  P.  M.  AV.  Meetings  are  held  in  Odd  Fellows'  hall  on  the  second 
and  fourth  Monday  evenings  of  each  month.  The  lodge  has  a  mem- 
bership of  forty-four,  and  is  reported  in  good  condition . 

Bethany  Legion,  No.  113,  Select  Knights,  a  higher  degree  of  the 
Workmen  order,  was  organized  on  the  8th  of  March,  1886,  with  fifteen 
charter  members.  The  first  officers  of  the  lodge  were  as  follows:  M. 
S.  Gillidett,  C. ;  Dr.  H.  R.  Neeper,  V.  C. ;  A.  J.  Fuller,  L.  C. ;  J. 
H.  Cover,  S.  W. ;  W.  S.  Fades,  J.  W. ;  J.  G.  Walker,  M. ;  F.  Pap- 
ineau,  S.  B. ;  U.  G.  Osborn,  Rec. ;  J.  W.  Kenyon,  Rec.  Treas. ;  W. 
T.  Cooper,  Treas.  Present  membership  is  twenty-one.  Present  offi- 
cers: M.  S.  Gillidett,  S.  C. ;  H.  R.  Neeper,  V.  C. ;  A.  J.  Fuller,  L.  C. ; 
r.  G.  Osborn,  Rec. ;  W.  T.  Cooper,  Treas. :  John  W.  Kenyon.  Rec. 
Treas. ;  J.  H.  Anslyn,  M. ;  J.  H.  Nordyke,  P.  C. ;  F.  Papineau,  S.  B. ; 
J.  H.  Cover,  S.  W. ;  A.  E.  Dale,  G. ;  J.  H.  Walker,  A.  J.  Fuller 
and  W.  T.  Cooper,  Overseers. 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  Lieutenant  T.  D.  Neal  Post,  No. 
124,  was  organized  November  22,  1883,  with  the  following  charter 
members:  C.  H.  Potter,  A.  W.  Behee,  Richard  Goiicher,  A.  J.  Par- 
sons, Edward  C.  Mitchell,  W.  J.  Taylor,  Benjamin  Sutton,  F.  M. 
Gillespie,  M.  C.  Beeks,  John  H.  Blessing,  Pleasant  Case,  Henry  M. 
Russ,  Sylvester  Smith,  John  H.  Kiiloiigh,  C.  C.  Blessing,  Philip  S. 
Green,  William  Alder,  Jackson  Walker,  James  Van  Meter,  Elisha  B- 


356  HISTORY   OF   HARRISON   COUNTY. 

Heath,  M.  F.  Clark,  Emery  Williams,  A.  M.  Haney,  John  Williams, 
Jacob  Noll,  T.  B.  Sherer,  W.  H.  Gale,  J.  W.  Kenyon,  W.  H.  Bail, 
W.  C.  Heaston,  James  W.  Parman,  JVIichael  Allen,  W.  H.  H.  Gilles- 
pie, W.  P.  Robinson,  W.  P.  Brown,  Joseph  C.  Johnson,  William 
Stinson,   Lewis  Justice,   James  Johnson,   Edward   B.   Ward,    Albert 

Reeves,  R.  D.  Hook,  F.  T.  Harvey,  John  T.  Price,  E.  S.  M.  , 

Jackson  Yail,  S.  B.  Cross,  W.  L.  Fruit,  John  A.  Dryer,  John  Jen- 
nings, R.  H.  Wren,  George  D.  Williams,  A.  J.  Fuller,  W.  H.  Skin- 
ner, B.  F.  Sperry,  M.  S.  Gillidett,  D.  S.  Alvord,  Joseph  Willcut,  A. 
J.  Davis,  J.  M.  Bryant,  John  T.  Rupe,  John  W.  Smith  and  George 
W.  Hall.  The  organization  was  effected  by  Maj.  John  Harnois,  dep- 
uty mustering  officer,  and  member  of  Custer  Post,  No.  7,  of  St.  Joseph. 
First  officers  were  W.  P.  Robinson,  P.  C. ;  J.  Walker,  S.  V.  C. :  W. 
C.  Heaston,  J.  V.  C. ;  E.  S.  Miner,  O.  D. ;  A.  J.  Fuller,  Adjt. :  R. 
H.  Wren,  Q.  M. ;  Clinton  H.  Potter,  O.  G. ;  W.  H.  Skinner,  S.  M. ; 
J.  W.  Kenyon,  Q.  M.  S.  The  second  and  third  commanders  of  the 
post  were  R.  H.  Wren  and  W.  H.  Skinner,  respectively.  Present  offi- 
cers are  F.  T.  Harvey,  P.  C. ;  J.  G.  Henshaw,  S.  V.  C. ;  Andrew 
McClure,  J.  V.  C. ;  W.  L.  Fruit,  O.  D. ;  John  W.  Smith,  Chaplain; 
J.  Walker,  Surgeon;  Richard  Goiicher,  O.  G. ;  Ricaard  Lovelace, 
Adjt.;  J.  M.  Hampton,  Q.  M.;  T.  L.  Sullivan,  S.  M. ;  A.  D.  Stubbs, 
Q.  M.  S.  This  is  one  of  the  most  flourishing  posts  in  Northern  Mis- 
souri, numbering  at  this  time  over  200  members. 

Lieutenant  Jacob  B.  McClure  Camp,  No.  22,  Sons  of  Veterans, 
was  chartered  June  26,  1886,  with  twenty-seven  members,  whose 
names  are  as  follows:  Joseph  Newland,  Joe  W.  Prentiss,  E.  R.  Dur- 
ham, James  F.  Gale,  R.  T.  Bedell,  V.  P.  Rupe,  F.  M.  Eupe,  L.  A. 
Harvey,  Newt.  Jennings,  Edgar  Skinner,  William  E.  Hartshorn,  Sparks 
McClure,  Ashman  H.  Vandivert,  H.  E.  Hampton,  Clay  Prentiss, 
William  H.  Shipley,  Frank  McClure,  C.  A.  Axline,  William  O.  Selby, 
Harry  Fruit,  Albert  Parsons,  Charles  W.  Gillidett,  Gideon  Gillidett, 
George  W.  Wymore,  Ira  W.  Rice,  John  E.  Stead  and  George  W. 
Dodd.  The  camp  was  mustered  April  23,  1886.  The  first  officers 
were  E.  R.  Durham,  Capt. ;  Joseph  Newland,  1st  Lieut. ;  A.  H.  Van- 
divert,  2d  Lieut. ;  R.  T.  Bedell,  Chap. ;  Edgar  Skinner,  0.  S. ;  Jo- 
seph Newland,  Q.  M.  S. ;  T.  N.  Rupe,  S.  of  G. ;  Newton  Jennings, 
C.  S. ;  Joseph  T.  Gale,  C.  of  G. :  W.  E.  Hartshorn,  P.  G. ;  J.  W. 
Prentiss,  P.  M. ;  Sparks  McClure,  J.  W.  Prentiss  and  V.  P.  Rupe, 
C.  C.  Officers  for  1887:  E.  R.  Durham,  Capt.;  C.  A.  Axline,  1st 
Lieut.;  M.  A.  Ford,  2d  Lieut.;  C.  H.  Corey,  1st  Sergt. ;  H.  R. 
Neeper,    Q.  M.  S. ;  C.  W.  Gillidett,   S.  of  G. :  W.   E.   Hartshorn,   C. 


STATE    OF    MISSOUEI.  357 

S. ;  Gideon  Gillidett,  C.  G. ;  Harry  Fruit,  G.  G. ;  Frank  Cross,  P. 
G. ;  Clay  Prentiss,  P.  M. ;  Sparks  McClure,  V.  P.  Rupe  and  Frank 
McClui'e,  C.  C.      Present  number  of  members  is  forty-eight. 

Bethany  is  the  headquarters  of  the  division  of  Missouri  Sons  of 
Veterans,  and  at  this  time  the  following  State  officers  of  the  organiza- 
tion reside  in  Harrison  County:  Ashman  H.  Vandivert,  Com.;  E.  R. 
Durham,  Sec. ;  Ezra  H.  Frisby,  J.  A. ,  and  Samuel  F.  Church,  Adjt. 

Temperance  Organizations. — In  January,  1862,  a  society  of  the 
Knights  of  Temperance  was  organized  in  Bethany,  among  the  early 
members  of  which  were  the  following:  W.  D.  Stewart,  G.  W.  New- 
man, Isabell  Ramer,  J.  F.  Collier,  E.  R.  Martin,  A.  Templeman, 
Mrs.  F.  C.  Collier,  Mary  Allen,  J.  H.  Newman,  C.  A.  Hedrick  and 
E.  A.  Wayland.  The  society  was  well  sustained  for  several  years  and 
did  much  toward  checking  the  prevailing  intemperance  of  the  times. 
In  January,  186-4,  Bethany  Lodge,  No.  491,  Independent  Order  of 
Good  Templars,  was  instituted  by  John  J.  Miller.  It  had  a  prosperous 
career  for  some  time,  and  numbered  among  its  members  many  of  the 
leading  citizens  of  the  city  and  adjacent  country. 

Women^s  Christian  Temperance  Union,  a  society  of  the  W.  C.  T. 
U. ,  was  organized  in  Bethany  about  the  year  1881  or  1882.  It  has  at 
this  time  a  membership  of  about  fifty,  and  is  accomplishing  a  good 
work  in  the  cause  of  temperance.  The  place  of  meeting  is  a  beautiful 
hall  in  the  Cuddy  block  neatly  furnished.  The  officers  of  the  organi- 
zation are  Mrs.  Maude  Allen,  president;  Mrs.  Thompson,  vice-president, 
and  Miss  Cora  Heaston,  secretary.  Under  the  auspices  of  this  society, 
a  number  of  prominent  lecturers  have  visited  the  city  from  time  to 
time,  among  whom  were  Luther  Benson,  Col.  George  Woodward,  C. 
J.  Holt,  Joseph  Critchlield,  Ansley  Gray,  Miss  Frances  Willard  and 
Julia  Bosworth. 

Gainesville. — This  flourishing  town  is  situated  in  the  northeast 
corner  of  Adams  Township,  on  Grand  River,  within  one  mile  of  the  Mer- 
cer County  line,  and  dates  its  history  proper  from  about  the  year  1854. 
The  locality  was  selected  in  quite  an  early  day,  however,  and  among 
those  who  located  farms  within  a  radius  of  a  few  miles  were  Alfred 
Hickman,  Joshua  Moss,  Philip  Davis,  Benjamin  Grubb,  "Bonny" 
Grubb,  Thomas  Aubery,  Calvin  Williams,  E.  Booth,  A.  Booth,  and 
others  whose  names  are  not  now  remembered. 

In  about  the  year  1854  one  Peter  Cain,  an  early  pioneer  of  Mercer 
County,  in  partnership  with  Isaac  Waldrop  and  Henry  Kennedy, 
erected  a  frame  saw  and  flouring  mill  on  Thompson' s  fork  of  Grand 
River,  present  site  of  the  town,  which  soon  became  the  nucleus  of  quite 
a  floui'ishing  settlement. 


358  HISTORY    OF    HABBISON    COUNTY. 

This  was  the  first  manufacturing  enterprise  of  any  note  attempted 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  and  so  highly  prized  was  it  that 
people  frequently  came  distances  of  thirty  and  forty  miles  to  get  their 
grinding  done.  Connected  with  the  mill  was  a  large  shed  or  sleeping 
and  cooking  apartment  for  the  accommodation  of  such  customers  as 
were  compelled  to  wait  several  days  for  their  grisls.  Such  was  the 
reputation  of  the  mill  that  it  was  no  uncommon  sight  to  see  fifteen  and 
twenty  teams  hitched  in  close  proximity  to  the  buildings,  the  owners 
waiting  for  what  the  miller  was  pleased  to  call  their  "turns."  The 
mill  soon  brought  the  locality  into  prominence,  and  within  a  short 
time  after  it  was  started  Mr.  Cain  opened  a  small  general  store,  which 
proved  a  great  accommodation  to  his  many  customers  and  the  neigh- 
borhood at  large.  He  sold  his  goods  in  a  small  frame  building  which 
stood  a  short  distance  northeast  of  the  mill  site,  and  for  some  time 
carried  on  quite  a  successful  business.  In  the  meantime  the  advan- 
tages of  the  locality  attracted  others,  and  in  April,  1855,  Andrew  Clark 
secured  the  services  of  T.  J.  Cast,  county  surveyor,  and  laid  out  a  town 
on  the  southeast  quarter  and  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  12,  Town- 
ship 65.  Range  26,  which  he  named  Cainesville  in  compliment  to  Mr. 
Cain.  The  original  plan  of  the  town  includes  seven  blocks  subdivided  into 
sixty-two  lots  traversed  by  the  following  streets:  Elm  and  Lafayette, 
running  east  and  west,  and  Washington  and  Vine,  north  and  south.  The 
lots  were  at  once  placed  upon  the  market,  and  within  a  short  time  quite 
a  number  of  them  were  purchased  and  improved.  The  following  were 
among  the  early  purchasers  and  residents  of  the  town:  John  Oxford, 
John  Restine,  Joseph  Catron,  Marcellus  Moss,  John  Hall,  W.  C. 
Chapman,  Joseph  Pierce.  James  F.  Chambers,  William  R.  King, 
Lewis  R.  Twedell,  William  C.  Reeves,  Adam  Bowers,  Dr.  T.  M.  Ful- 
lerton,  C.  B.  Adkins,  William  McElfish,  William  T.  Browning,  Jesse 
Myers,  John  Snyder  and  John  Woodward,  all  of  whom  moved  to  the 
town  during  the  first  two  years  of  its  history. 

After  selling  goods  for  a  short  time  in  the  building  first  erected, 
Mr.  Cain  subsequently  built  the  house  occupied  at  this  time  by  the 
Cainesville  Bank,  in  which  he  carried  on  the  mercantile  business,  from 
about  1857  until  1861.  In  the  meantime  other  buildings  were  erected  in 
the  town,  among  the  earliest  of  which  was  a  frame  structure  on  the 
corner  of  Lafayette  and  Washington  Streets,  in  which  j\Ir.  Clark  sold 
goods  for  a  short  time.  This  building  is  still  standing,  being  used  at 
this  time  for  a  stable.  Jacob  B.  Oxford  purchased  a  lot  on  the  corner 
of  Washington  and  Main  Streets  shortly  after  the  town  was  siu-veyed, 
and  erected  thereon  a  frame  building,  which  he  opened  for  the  accom- 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  359 

modation  of  such  travelers  and  transient  visitors  as  saw  fit  to  pay  for 
his  hospitalities.  This  was  the  first  hotel  in  Gainesville,  and  for  several 
years  the  only  stopping  place  in  the  town.  It  was  removed  some  years 
ago,  and  replaced  by  the  large  business  house  of  J.  H.  Burrows,  which 
still  occupies  the  lot.  Another  early  building  stood  where  the  Com- 
mercial hotel  now  stands,  and  was  used  for  hotel  purposes  in  a  later 
day  by  Henry  Kennedy.  It  was  destroyed  by  firo  in  1882.  The 
corner  now  occupied  by  the  Bain  House  was  first  utilized  as  a  build- 
ing place  by  John  Hall,  who  erected  thereon  a  frame  structure,  which 
was  first  used  for  the  goods  business.  It  was  subsequently  purchased 
by  Frank  George,  who  enlarged  and  otherwise  improved  the  building 
and  started  a  hotel,  which  was  in  operation  several  years.  Dr.  T.  M. 
Fullerton,  the  first  resident  physician  of  the  town,  erected  a  residence 
on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Washington  Streets  as  early  as  1855,  and 
for  several  years  thereafter  practiced  his  profession  in  the  village  and 
surrounding  country.  The  building  in  which  he  resided  is  still  stand- 
ing, and  occupied  at  this  time  by  James  Pelican. 

Business  Men. — To  go  back  to  the  founding  of  Gainesville  and 
give  a  true  detail  of  every  branch  of  its  business  and  industry,  when 
it  commenced  and  by  whom,  is  a  task  extremely  difficult  to  accomplish. 
Few  persons  reside  in  the  village  now  who  were  here  when  it  was 
founded,  and  those  few  have  paid  comparatively  little  attention  to  the 
various  changes  that  have  taken  place  from  time  to  time  during  the 
last  thirty-three  years.  As  already  stated,  however,  the  first  person  to 
engage  in  the  mercantile  business  in  Gainesville  was  Peter  Gain,  and 
after  him  Andrew  Clark,  both  of  whom  left  their  impress  upon  the 
early  character  of  the  struggling  town.  A  little  later  came  Joseph 
Catron,  who  opened  a  general  store  where  J.  M.  Moss  &  Go. 's  busi- 
ness house  now  stands,  where  for  some  years  he  conducted  a  fairly  suc- 
cessful trade.  Dr.  James  Burns  was  an  early  merchant  also,  and  for 
some  time  carried  on  the  general  goods  business  on  the  lot  now 
occupied  by  Wickersham  &  Co. '  s  store  building.  James  M.  and  Mar- 
cellus  Moss  came  to  the  village  prior  to  1862,  and  in  the  latter  year 
Hon.  J.  H.  Burrows  became  identified  with  its  business  interests,  and 
has  since  been  a  prominent  factor  in  promoting  the  material  prosperity 
of  the  town.  Mr.  Burrows  has  displayed  rare  energy  and  liberality 
in  his  many  business  transactions,  and  to  him  more  than  to  any  other 
man  is  the  town  indebted  for  a  large  degree  of  its  prosperity.  Since 
1862  Mr.  Burrows  has  been  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  which 
he  still  carries  on,  besides  having  large  interests  in  the  Gainesville 
Bank  and  various  other  enterprises.      At  a  later  period  in  the  history 


360  HISTOBY   OF   HAKEISON   COUNTY. 

of  the  town  there  were  the  following  merchants  additional  to  those 
already  mentioned:  George  W.  Flint,  Flint  &  Murphy,  Flint  &  Noah, 
W.  G.  Reeves,  Moss  &  Rogers,  W.  C.  Frazee,  Frazee  &  Montgomery, 
John  Hall,  Miles  Bailey,  Bailey  &  Flint,  Joseph  P.  Bailey,  J.  P.  and 
J.  Bailey,  Charles  Scott,  Dr.  E.  Blatchley,  Burns  &  Son,  John  M. 
Sallee,  Henry  A.  Harrison,  David  M.  Cain,  James  H.  Sallee,  Henry 
Eistine  and  L.  H.  Craig. 

Physicians.  — Of  the  learned  professions  Gainesville  has  known  some 
as  able  men  as  any  town  of  its  size  in  the  county  or  State.  Of  the 
medical  profession  there  was  Dr.  T.  M.  Fullerton,  at  this  time  the 
leading  physician  of  Princeton,  Mercer  County.  He  came  to  the  town 
when  it  was  but  a  niche  in  the  forest,  and  for  a  number  of  years  prac- 
ticed his  profession  with  the  most  gratifying  success.  Other  medical 
men  from  time  to  time  were  Drs.   James  Burns,  Edgar  Blatchley,  L. 

H.    PeiTiman, Gonnell,  Dr.    Pitzell,    I.   B.    StafFord,   John  D. 

Enloe,  Sr.,  Dr.  Collins,  and  Dr.  Hisler,  the  majority  of  whom  were 
well  learned  in  the  profession,  and  faithfully  performed  their  duty  to 
their  fellow  man. 

At  this  time  the  medical  profession  is  represented  by  the  following 
physicians:  S.  D.  Logan,  Harvey  Nally  and  W.  D.  Bryant. 

Mechanics. — From  the  best  local  authority,  the  first  mechanic  in 
Gainesville  appears  to  have  been  one  Cyras  Hart,  a  blacksmith,  who 
erected  a  small  shop,  near  where  the  steam  mill  now  stands,  a  short 
time  after  the  town  was  surveyed.  Joseph  Pierce  engaged  in  the 
blacksmithing  business  in  an  early  day,  and  for  a  number  of  years 
operated  a  shop  not  far  from  the  lot  now  occupied  by  the  residence  of 
M.  F.  Oxford.  Both  of  these  men  were  good  mechanics,  and  found 
ample  opportunities  for  the  exercise  of  their  skill  as  long  as  they 
remained  in  the  village.  John  Purdun  and  John  Snyder  were  among 
the  early  blacksmiths,  and  while  the  town  was  still  in  its  infancy, 
Messrs.  Browning  &  McFee  began  the  manufacture  of  fanning  mills 
which  they  coaducted  for  several  years  in  the  building  which  formerly 
stood  on  the  lot  now  occupied  by  the  Wickersham  store-room. 

Postmasters.  — It  was  a  pathetic  and  strangely  human  expression 
of  Dr.  Johnson  when  he  said  ' '  We  shall  receive  no  letters  in  the 
grave."  There  is  no  power  in  that  silent  domain  to  appoint  postmas- 
ters; there  is  no  communication  open  and  no  mail  contracts  can  be 
made  with  the  grim  passenger  boat  to  the  unknown  beyond.  There 
were  very  little  mail  facilities  or  communication  to  Gainesville  when 
the  first  postofiice  was  established  over  thirty  years  ago.  We  learn 
that  a  postoffice  was  opened  in  the  town  about  the  year  1855  with 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  361 

John  Bailey  as  postmaster.  He  served  several  years,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  E.  Prather,  who  in  turn  was  followed  in  regular  succession 
by  the  following  gentlemen:  William  McElfish,  R.  L.  Oxford,  J.  E. 
Hadly,  and  the  present  incumbent,  C.  M.  Scott. 

Manufactories. — As  previously  stated,  the  lirst  manufacturing 
enterprise  of  Gainesville  was  the  flouring  and  saw  mill  erected  by  Cain, 
Waldrop  &  Kennedy  in  the  year  1855.  The  mill  received  its  motive 
power  from  the  waters  of  Grand  River,  and  for  a  number  of  years  was 
the  chief  attraction  of  the  town.  The  original  mill  building  was  sub- 
sequently torn  down  and  rebuilt  by  Messrs.  Neal  &  Wilson,  who 
moved  it  a  short  distance  from  where  it  at  first  stood.  It  has  passed 
through  a  number  of  hands,  and  at  this  time  is  operated  by  S.  H. 
Glaze  &  Co. ,  who  do  a  very  good  business.  The  building  is  a  large, 
three-story  frame  structure  with  a  basement,  and  is  supplied  with  fair 
machinery. 

The  Gainesville  Saw  and  Planing -Mill,  the  largest  manufacturing 
enterprise  of  the  kind  in  the  county,  was  erected  in  1882  by  D.  W. 
Wells.  The  main  building  is  24x77  feet,  with  shed  and  store  room 
16x80  feet,  and  a  dry  house  17x26  feet  in  size.  The  building  is  sup- 
plied with  latest  improved  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  lumber, 
broom  handles,  bedsteads  and  other  articles,  and  a  large  planing- 
mill,  which  is  kept  constantly  running  in  order  to  supply  the  demand 
of  the  town  and  neighborhood.  Mr.  Wells  is  sole  manufactiu-er  of 
the  celebrated  Ellis'  Washing  Machine,  large  numbers  of  which  are 
sold  throughout  Northwest  Missouri,  Southern  Iowa  and  other  States. 
The  mUl  represents  a  capital  considerably  in  excess  of  $5,000,  and  is 
the  most  important  enterprise  of  the  town. 

Incorporation. — In  January,  1875,  the  citizens  of  Gainesville 
decided  to  assume  the  responsibility  of  establishing  and  maintaining  a 
town  corporation.  Accordingly,  a  petition  to  that  effect  was  presented 
to  the  county  court,  which  took  the  necessary  action  on  the  20th  of 
the  above  month.  The  first  board  of  trustees  was  composed  of  Joseph 
Pierce,  John  Bailey,  R.  B.  Wilson,  Joseph  H.  Ristine  and  James  Bink- 
ley.  They  met  and  finally  organized  by  electing  R.  B.  Wilson,  chair- 
man; and  appointing  G.  B.  Woodward,  town  clerk;  E.  A.  Thompson, 
marshal;  L.  M.  Wickersham,  assessor;  W.  H.  Bailey,  collector;  and 
W.  H.  Burns,  treasurer.  April,  1875,  an  election  was  held,  resulting  in 
the  following  board  being  chosen:  James  Moss,  Joseph  Pierce,  Robert 
Wilson,  Sr.,  William  McElfish  and  O.  H.  Burns.  Ed.  Thompson 
was  appointed  marshal;  W.  H.  Burns,  treasurer;  Victor  D.  Clark, 
clerk,  and  G.  W.  Hagan,  street  commissioner.     The  officers  of  1876 

23 


362  HISTORY   OF   HAERISON   COUNTY. 

were  as  follows:  "William  McElfish,  M.  H.  Bailey,  Thomas  Addison, 
Thomas  Tindall  and  William  D.  Bryant,  trustees;  G.  W.  Shaw,  mar- 
shal; James  Moss,  treasurer;  M.  F.  Oxford,  clerk;  William  Riley, 
street  commissioner.  The  municipal  officers  at  this  time  are  J.  R. 
Hadley,  G.  W.  Shaw,  Harvey  Nally,  G.  W.  Case  and  Miles  E.  French, 
trustees;  Dr.  W.  D.  Bryant,  clerk;  G.  R.  Wilson,  treasurer;  S.  D. 
Logan,  assessor;  John  Skakal,  street  commissioner;  and  James  Moss, 
Sr.,  collector. 

Gainesville  Bank  was  established  July,  1883,  by  a  joint  stock  com- 
pany, with  a  paid-up  capital  of  $13, 000.  It  has  been  conducted  very 
successfully,  and  at  this  time  is  one  of  the  best  banking  houses  in 
Harrison  Coxinty,  the  proprietors  being  among  the  town's  most  sub- 
stantial business  men.  The  officers  are  S.  H.  Glaze,  president,  and  C. 
B.  Woodward,  cashier.  The  following  gentlemen  are  directors:  S.  H. 
Glaze,  T.  G.  Rogers,  M.  F.  Oxford,  J.  H.  Burrows,  Enos  Pickens,  W. 
J.  Clamands  and  J.  S.  Taylor. 

Secret  Societies. — Cainesville  Lodge,  No.  328,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  was 
organized  under  dispensation  in  the  year  1868,  the  chief  mover  in 
bringing  about  the  organization  being  Hon.  J.  H.  Burrows.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  names  of  original  members  so  far  as  could  be  learned: 
John  Woodward,  J.  H.  Burrows,  Conrad  Mooter,  A.  B.  Montgomery, 
W.  C.  Frazee,  J.  H.  Baker  and  John  D.  Enloe.  John  Woodward  was 
Worshipful  Master;  J.  H.  Burrows,  Senior  Warden;  Conrad  Mooter, 
Junior  Warden;  and  A.  B.  Montgomery,  Secretary.  The  lodge  was 
granted  a  charter  on  the  18th  of  October,  1870,  at  which  time,  and 
for  a  few  years  thereafter,  meetings  were  held  in  a  hall  over  the 
Cainesville  Bank.  The  meeting  place  was  subsequently  changed,  and 
at  this  time  the  lodge  holds  its  sessions  in  a  hall  belonging  to  Messrs. 
Rogers  &  Wilson.  The  organization  has  had  a  prosperous  career, 
but  is  not  so  strong  in  numbers  now  as  formerly,  the  present  mem- 
bership being  but  thirty-two.  The  following  are  the  officers  for  1887: 
J.  H.  Burrows,  Worshipful  Master;  T.  G.  Rogers,  Senior  Warden; 
J.  C.  Cain,  Junior  Warden;  Dr.  H.  Nally,  Secretary;  G.  A.  Stigall, 
Senior  Deacon;  J.  H.  Sallee,  Junior  Deacon;  E.  F.  Brower,  Treasurer; 
and  Ruffian  Brown,  Tyler. 

An  order  of  the  Eastern  Star,  known  as  Riverside  Chapter  No.  116, 
was  instituted  in  Cainesville  a  number  of  years  ago,  with  the  follow- 
ing charter  members:  Katie  Woodward,  Mary  A.  Hall,  Charlotte  A. 
Pickens,  Julia  A.  Woodwai'd,  Amanda  C.  Harper,  Angle  Ristine,  Laura 
Bailey,  Mary  F.  Brower,  Sarah  S.  Bailey,  Eleanor  Rogers,  Margaret 
D.  Chambers,  Mary  A.  Buitows,   Luenna  Scott,  Jane  Small,  Rebecca 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  363 

J.  Price  and  Charlotte  T.  Harrison.  For  two  or  three  years  the 
organization  grew  and  prospered,  but  at  the  end  of  that  time  internal 
dissensions  arose,  which  finallj^  caused  the  society  to  disband.  The 
last  meeting  was  held  about  the  year  1880. 

Cainesville  Lodge,  No.  199,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  is  a  flourishing  society, 
though  not  so  strong,  numerically,  as  in  years  gone  by.  At  one  time 
the  records  contained  the  names  of  over  forty  members,  among  whom 
were  many  of  the  most  prominent  citizens  of  the  town  and  surround- 
ing country.  The  date  of  its  organization  and  facts  pertaining  to  its 
early  history  were  not  learned.  The  officers  at  the  present  time  are 
as  follows:  M.  F.  Oxford,  N.  G. ;  S.  V.  Eogers,  V.  G. ;  Isaac  R. 
Hadley,  R.  S. ;  Dr.  H.  Nally,  P.  S. ;  J.  W.  Chambers,  Treas.  Meetings 
are  held  in  Rogers  &  Wilson's  hall.  The  organization  is  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  a  reasonable  degree  of  prosperity,  and  its  future  is  prom- 
ising. 

Temperance  in  Cainesville. — Not  the  least  in  the  category  of 
obstacles  which  interfered  with  the  success  of  Cainesville  in  former 
years  was  the  presence  of  several  whisky  shops,  which  gave  the 
town  a  very  unsavory  reputation  abroad.  These  places  were  the 
rendezvous  of  all  the  worthless  characters  in  the  village  and  sur- 
rounding country,  and  to  their  baleful  influence  is  due  the  wreck 
and  downfall  of  a  number  of  young  men,  who  but  for  their  presence 
might  have  become  reputable  citizens  and  business  men.  Upon  cer- 
tain days  of  the  week  the  town  presented  hardly  the  appearance 
of  a  civilized  village.  It  must  not  be  understood  that  such  con- 
duet  was  countenanced  by  the  majority  of  the  citizens,  as  siich  was 
far  from  being  the  case,  but  the  presence  of  a  rough  and  somewhat 
lawless  element  prevented  for  a  time  any  and  all  attempts  upon 
the  part  of  the  peaceably  disposed  people  to  inaugurate  an  era  of 
quiet  and  order.  As  a  means  of  checking  the  prevailing  evil  of 
inte  mperance,  Hon.  J.  H.  Burrows,  in  the  fall  of  1862,  succeeded  in 
organizing  a  Good  Templar's  lodge,  with  which  many  of  the  resi- 
dents of  the  town  at  that  time  became  identified.  Among  some  of 
the  early  members  were  John  D.  Chambers,  Joseph  Chambers,  Sr. , 
Elder  John  Woodward,  A.  F.  Woodruff,  James  Burrows,  J.  N.  Truax, 
A.  B.  Montgomery,  George  W.  Randall  and  others,  all  of  whom 
took  an  active  part  in  the  warfare  against  the  saloons  of  the  town. 
The  organization  was  brought  about  in  the  face  of  much  opposition, 
not  the  least  of  which  was  the  disposition  upon  the  part  of  a  certain 
class  to  break  up  the  meetings  of  the  lodge  by  violence.  Nothing 
daunted,   however,    the  temperance    people  inaugurated  a  vigorous 


364  HISTOKY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

campaign  against  the  saloons,  and  not  content  with  merely  meeting  in 
the  lodge  room,  singing  songs,  passing  resolutions,  etc. ,  they  marched 
boldly  through  the  streets  in  body,  and  held  song  service  and  other 
exercises  in  front  of  the  rumseller's  doors.  For  a  while  the  efPorts 
of  the  organization  to  check  the  evil  seemed  futile,  but  in  time  a 
good  effect  was  produced,  and  before  the  lapse  of  many  years  the 
saloon  keepers  of  Gainesville  were  compelled  to  close  their  doors  or 
seek  other  and  more  favorable  localities  in  which  to  ply  their  trade. 
The  Templars  named  their  organization  Banner  Lodge,  and  at  one 
time  it  had  a  membership  of  over  400,  nearly  all  of  whom,  be  it  said 
to  their  credit,  remained  faithful  to  the  vow  of  total  abstinence. 
Like  other  organizations  of  the  past  Banner  Lodge  had  its  day,  but 
during  the  ten  years  of  its  history  it  accomplished  a  work  the  grand 
and  beneficial  effects  of  which  it  is  difficult  to  estimate  or  enumerate. 

A  fit  successor  to  the  Good  Templar's  organization  is  the  Women's 
Christian  Temperance  Union,  a  society  of  which  was  established  in 
Gainesville  about  the  year  1883.  This  organization  has  prospered 
with  the  most  gratifying  success,  and  at  this  time  has  a  membership 
of  about  sixty,  all  of  whom  are  fully  alive  to  the  interests  of  the 
temperance  reform.  In  1885  the  society  erected  a  beautiful  hall, 
20x30  feet  and  13  foot  story,  at  a  cost  of  $650.  The  hall  in  which  the 
meetings  are  held  is  tastefully  furnished,  supplied  with  an  organ 
and  bell,  and  is  by  far  the  finest  hall  in  the  town.  At  this  time  a  move- 
ment to  found  a  library  and  reading  room  is  being  pushed  forward, 
and  with  the  proper  financial  encouragement,  which  of  course  the 
citizens  will  cheerfully  extend,  the  project  will  soon  be  successfully 
caiTied  out.  The  present  officers  of  the  society  are  Mrs.  J.  H.  Bur- 
rows, president;  Mrs.  J.  H.  Sallee,  vice-president,  and  Louemma 
Clark,  secretary. 

Cainesville  Post,  No.  216,  G.  A.  R.,  was  organized  October  17, 
1884,  by  Maj.  W.  H.  H.  Skinner,  of  Bethany,  with  the  following 
charter  members:  W.  D.  Bryant,  Charles  G.  Baker,  I.  S.  Stoner, 
Thomas  J.  Roberts,  William  Allman,  Henry  C.  Potorf,  John  Posler, 
David  E.  Bain,  S.  H.  Pierce,  R.  O.  Woodward,  John  M.  Brower, 
John  G.  Oder,  Alexander  Craig,  Henry  Ristine,  I.  R.  Hadley,  G.  W. 
Shaw,  W.  I.  Marriott,  P.  King,  Jaiiies  M.  Moss,  George  Glibbern, 
Nathan  Graham,  and  A.  D.  Graham.  The  first  Commander  was  W. 
D.  Bryant.  The  First  Senior  Vice- Commander,  J.  M.  Moss.  The  pres- 
ent membership  of  the  post  is  fifty-five.  Meetings  are  held  twice 
each  month,  and  the  organization  is  reported  in  prosperous  condition. 
The  officers  for  1887    are  as  follows:  J.   M.  Moss,  Commander;  J.  D. 


STATE   OF   MISSODKI.  365 

Oder,  S.  V.  C. ;  W.  I.  Merriott,  J.  V.  C. ;  C.  E.  Baker,  O.  G. ;  L.  M. 
Wickersham,  O.  D. ;  T.  J.  Roberts,  S.  M. ;  O.  H.  Burns,  Q.  M.  S. ; 
W.  C.  Baker,  Chaplain;  S.  H.  Pierce,  Surgeon. 

Churches. — The  Methodist,  Baptist  and  Christian  denominations 
are  represented  in  Cainesville  by  flourishing  organizations,  and  three 
neat  and  commodious  temples  of  worship.  The  Methodist  building 
was  erected  in  1871,  at  a  cost  of  $1,400.  The  house  in  which  the 
Christian  Church  meets  stands  near  the  central  part  of  town,  and 
rejaresents  a  capital  of  about  11,200.  The  Baptist  building  in  the 
southeast  part  of  the  town  was  erected  in  1872  at  a  cost  of  about 
$1,300.  The  present  school  building,  a  large  two-story  frame  struct- 
ure, was  erected  in  1 872. 

Cainesville  at  the  Present  Time. — During  the  first  eight  or  ten 
years  of  its  history  the  growth  of  Cainesville,  while  not  rapid,  was 
steady  and  substantial.  Situated  as  it  is  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  farm- 
ing country,  remote  from  any  other  town  or  business  point,  it  soon 
became  the  center  of  a  large  local  trade,  and  earned  the  reputation 
of  being  one  of  the  best  towns  in  the  county.  The  completion  of 
the  Des  Moines  Narrow  Gauge  Railroad  marked  an  era  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  place,  and  since  then  its  business  of  all  kinds  has 
greatly  increased.  At  this  time  its  retail  trade  will  compare  with  any 
town  of  its  size  in  Northwest  Missouri.  Its  stores  and  business 
houses  are  large,  and  the  merchants  are  wide  awake  and  energetic. 
Next  to  Bethany  it  is  now  the  largest  town  in  Han-ison  County. 
The  present  spirit  of  improvement  denotes  a  healthy  business  pros- 
perity, and  it  is  no  extravagant  prediction  to  suggest  the  probability 
of  Cainesville  becoming  the  leading  town  in  the  county,  at  no  dis- 
tant day.      Its  present  business  is  as  follows: 

Merchants. — M.  F.  Oxford,  general  mechandise;  J.  H.  Burrows  & 
Co.,  general  merchants;  Rogers  &  Wilson,  general  stock;  L.  M. 
Wickersham  &  Co.,  general  stock;  J.  M.  Moss  &  Co.,  general  mer- 
chandise; Burrows  &  McKiddy,  hardware;  Ader  &  Case,  hardware; 
C.  B.  Woodward  &  Co.,  groceries;  Glaze  &  Neal,  groceries;  O.  H. 
Burns  &  Co.,  drugs;  Isaac  R.  Hadley,  groceries  and  confectionery; 
Wilson  Omer,  confectionery  and  bakery;  Mullins  &  French,  furniture; 
Mrs.  P.  J.  Neal,  millinery. 

Hotels. — Bain  House,  in  the  central  part  of  the  town,  is  a  large 
and  well  furnished  hotel  kept  by  John  Bain.  Clifton  House,  by  I. 
N.  Elliott,  is  a  favorite  stopping- place  for  the  traveling  public,  and 
one  of  the  best  hotels  in  Harrison  County.  The  Commercial  House, 
kept   by   Thomas  H.  Ristine,  is  one  of   the  largest  and  finest  hotel 


366  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

buildings  in  this   section  of  the  State.     It  was  erected  in  1887,  and 
is  a  first-class  house  in  every  particular. 

Mechanics. — W.  M.  Baldwin,  manufacturer  of  furniture;  J.  D. 
Chambers,  blacksmith;  Joseph  Klasalick,  blacksmith;  Philip  Gentry, 
wagon-maker  and  blacksmith;  William  French,  wagon-maker;  G.  O. 
Hammond,  manufacturer  and  dealer  in  saddlery  and  harness,  and  J. 
Skakal,  shoemaker. 

The  other  business  men  of  the  town  are  I.  N.  Elliott,  attorney  at 
Jaw;  "William  Crawford,  lumber  dealer;  W.  E.  Barton,  barber  and 
photographer;  H.  Kistine,  livery  stable,  and  Harrison  &  Sallee,  meat 
market. 

Eagleville.  — The  village  of  Eagleville  is  situated  about  fifteen  miles 
northeast  of  Bethany,  in  the  townships  of  Marion  and  Union,  and  is 
the  site  of  an  early  settlement  in  that  part  of  the  county.  Among 
the  pioneers  who  secured  homes  in  the  vicinity  of  the  village  in  an 
early  day  are  remembered  the  following:  Allen  Bridges,  Thomas 
Shain,  George  Davis,  John  Poynter,  Ichabod  Jinks,  Dr.  Oatman, 
Mrs.  Hulse,  H.  O.  Neville,  Daniel  Shirley,  James  Grinstead,  Thomas 
Patton,  William  Anderson,  Samuel  Anderson,  Simpson  Montgomery, 
Moses  Shirley,  Dr.  Skinner  and  Aquilla  C.  Barber. 

After  the  year  1850  the  influx  of  settlers  increased  to  such  an 
extent  that  the  propriety  of  establishing  a  local  trading  point  began  to 
be  discussed.  In  August,  1851,  Robert  Bullington  donated  ten  acres 
of  ground  for  the  purpose  of  starting  a  town,  and  upon  the  28th  of 
the  month  a  plat  of  the  same  was  surveyed  as  follows:  "  Commencing 
at  the  northwest  corner  of  Section  6,  Township  65,  Range  27,  running 
east  38  rods  and  south  42  rods,  being  38  rods  across  east  and  west, 
and  42  rods  long  north  and  south,  each  block  12  rods  square  with  12 
feet  alley,  and  each  lot  66  feet  wide  by  93  feet  long."  Several  addi- 
tions were  subsequently  made  to  the  original  plat,  and  the  territory 
embraced  within  the  town  limits  at  this  time  is  sufficient  for  a  city  of 
at  least  2,000  inhabitants.  Near  the  central  part  of  the  town  is  a  large 
public  square;  running  east  and  west  are  six  streets,  crossed  at  right 
angles  by  nine  streets  running  north  and  south. 

The  lots  in  the  first  surveys  were  offered  for  sale  in  1851,  but  no  im- 
provements of  any  kind  appear  to  have  been  attempted  for  a  year  or  two 
later.  One  of  the  first  residents  of  the  village  was  John  Haynes,  who, 
as  early,  perhaps,  as  1852,  erected  a  small  frame  building,  and  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  business  which  he  carried  on  for  about  two  years. 
James  Anderson,  Sr. ,  and  James  Anderson,  Jr. ,  pui'chased  lots  soon 
after  the  survey,  and  erected  residences  on  the  same  in  an  early  day- 


STATE   OF   MISSOUBI.  367 

James  Anderson,  Sr. ,  brought  a  small  stock  of  goods  to  the  town,  and 
was  for  a  short  time  identified  with  the  mercantile  interests  of  the 
place.  He  subsequently  erected  what  has  since  been  known  as  the 
Central  House,  on  which  he  kept  the  first  hotel  in  the  town.  James 
Anderson,  Jr.,  a  little  later  erected  a  large  two-story  frame  building 
on  North  Main  Street,  known  as  the  Eagle  hotel,  which  was  run  as  a 
place  of  public  entertainment  for  a  number  of  years.  He  afterward 
sold  goods  in  the  building,  and  seems  to  have  done  a  fairly  good  busi- 
ness. The  house  passed  through  a  number  of  hands  from  time  to  time, 
and  was  destroyed  by  fire  about  the  year  1883.  Aquilla  C.  Barber,  in 
1857,  erected  a  business  house  on  the  west  side  of  the  public  square, 
in  which  for  some  time  he  sold  goods  in  partnership  with  Joel  Hall, 
who  subsequently  purchased  the  whole  interest.  Dr.  C.  M.  Gilkey 
located  in  the  town  soon  after  it  was  founded,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  medicine  which  he  carried  on  for  some  time  in  connection 
with  the  mercantile  business,  his  partner  being  James  B.  Brower,  who 
early  erected  a  building  in  the  north  part  of  the  village.  From  1852  until 
1857  the  following  persons  pm-chased  real  estate  in  the  town:  Thomas 
Patton,  L.  G.  Jones,  John  S.  Haynes,  William  Anderson,  J.  P.  King, 
William  Hodgin,  Joseph  Bridges,  John  Spencer,  William  R.  Allen, 
William  O wings,  J.  W.  Hasp  &  Co.,  B.  F.  Fletcher,  Henry  Sweeten, 
Nathan  W.  Tripp,  Hezekiah  W.  Herring,  John  Martin,  W.  D.  Horton, 
Hem-y  O.  Nevill,  Joseph  Huntseck,  Robert  W.  Memford,  William 
Mallett,  William  B.  Needham,  Thomas  H.  Poynter,  James  J.  Dale, 
William  Ballew,  Ellen  Barber,  George  W.  Johnson,  M.  L.  James,  J. 
D.  Tall  and  S.  J.  Tall.  The  following  were  early  purchasers  of  lots 
in  Hall's  addition  to  the  town:  B.  A.  McClure,  Elisha  Meeker,  A.  W. 
Allen,  James  H.  Poynter,  Thomas  E.  Beach,  John  R.  Colwell,  Noah 
Coons,  William  R.  Allen,  W.  J.  Skinner,  M.  S.  Berks,  M.  P.  Wills 
and  Willis  Owings. 

Business  Men. — Additional  to  the  early  merchants  already  named 
was  Thomas  Poynter,  who  engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade  about  1856 
or  1857  in  a  small  fi-ame  building  which  stood  near  the  northern  lim- 
its of  the  town.  After  continuing  alone  a  few  years  he  went  into 
partnership  with  Horace  H.  Fitch,  and  erected  a  store  building  on  the 
piiblic  square,  which  is  still  standing.  Messrs.  Poynter  &  Fitch  were 
very  successful  merchants,  and  amassed  a  comfortable  competence 
during  the  years  they  remained  in  the  town.  The  following  men  and 
firms  were  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  from  time  to  time: 
Amos  Poynter,  William  Poynter,  George  Young,  Young  &  Wren, 
Young  &  Shirley,  George  Norris,  Peter  McCall,  Downing  &  Moore, 


368  HISTORY    OF    HAREISON    COUNTY. 

Briggs,  Hall  &  Pearson,  Elisha  Meeker,  Hugh  Munson,  John  Spencer, 
Hillman  &  Allen,  Hillman  &  Dunn,  Boham  &  Lockwood,  Ewart  & 
Nevill,  Officer  &  Edson,  Stonum  Bros.,  Dr.  Tilton,  Elisha  Banta  and 
John  Hampton. 

Early  Mechanics.  — Among  the  early  mechanics  of  Eagleville  were 
William  Bobbins,  carpenter;  Andrew  Kreamer,  shoemaker;  James 
Beech,  cabinet-maker;  and  William  Hodgin,  Samuel  Moore  &  Son, 
blacksmiths.  These  men  all  came  to  the  town  in  an  early  day,  and 
worked  at  their  respective  trades  for  a  number  of  years. 

Medical  Men.  — The  following  physicians  practiced  the  healing  art 
in  Eagleville  at  different  times:  Drs.  C.  M.  Gilkey,  H.  J.  Skinner, 
S.  B.  McClellan,  Charles  Oatman,  Dr.  Newman  and  A.  H.  Vandivert. 
The  present  physicians  are  Drs.  J.  L.  Downing  and  T.  Bohannon. 

Mill. — The  only  manufacturing  enterprise  of  any  note  in  Eagle- 
ville is  the  large  flouring-mill  erected  in  1870  by  Robert  HufPman. 
The  building  is  a  three-story  frame  with  basement,  supplied  with 
machinery  for  the  manufacture  of  a  superior  grade  of  flour.  It  is 
operated  at  this  time  by  Messrs.  Huffman  &  Miller,  who  do  a  good 
business. 

P.  T.  Harvey  for  several  years  carried  on  a  furniture  factory  in  the 
town,  which  he  operated  with  encouraging  success.  He  subsequently 
moved  to  Bethany,  where  he  is  still  engaged  in  the  trade. 

Growth. — During  the  first  few  years  of  its  history  Eagleville  pro- 
gressed but  slowly,  a  variety  of  causes  combining  to  retard  its  prog- 
ress, one  of  which  was  the  unsettled  condition  of  the  surround- 
ing country,  which  at  that  time  was  scarcely  developed.  The  town 
took  a  new  life  soon  after  the  war,  and  fi'om  about  the  year  1866 
until  1870  it  was  by  far  the  most  prosperous  trading  point  in 
Harrison  County.  Six  or  eight  large  stores  were  in  operation  dur- 
ing that  period,  and  business  of  all  kinds  was  well  supported.  It 
drew  trade  from  all  parts  of  Northern  Harrison,  and  for  several 
years  was  the  rival  of  the  county  seat.  The  completion  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  through  the  county,  and  the 
springing  up  of  the  thriving  towns  of  Ridgeway  and  Blythedale,  a  few 
miles  distant,  proved  a  death  blow  to  its  prosperity,  since  which  time 
it  has  been  on  the  downward  grade.  A  general  decay  fastened  itself 
upon  the  once  flourishing  little  city,  and  at  this  time  the  town  is  but  a 
shadow  of  its  former  self.  It  still  commands  a  fair  proportion  of  the 
current  trade,  however,  and  will  doubtless  remain  a  local  business 
point  for  years  to  come.  The  business  of  the  town  at  this  time  is  rep- 
resented by  the  following  directory:  George  H.  Lockwood,  druggist; 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  369 

Pearson  &  "Wyant,  general  merchandise;  A.  Cramer  &  Son,  general 
stock;  John  A.  Anderson,  groceries;  T.  B.  SchaefFer,  hardware;  W. 
L.  Hoffman,  fm-niture;  John  W.  Moore,  drugd;  Miss  M.  C.  Welch 
and  Mrs.  Brower,  milliners;  John  Wylie,  photographer;  George  F. 
Moore,  livery  stable;  James  Terry,  blacksmith;  James  Cross  and 
Perry  Muma,  butchers;  Charles  C.  Hall,  harness-maker;  James 
Cross,  proprietor  of  the  Central  House;  John  Moore,  plasterer. 

There  are  three  churches  in  the  town,  Methodist,  Baptist  and 
Christian,   all  of  which  have  substantial  fi-ame  houses  of  worship. 

Secret  Societies. — The  Masonic  fi-aternity  is  represented  in  Eagle- 
ville  by  the  Lodge  of  Light,  No.  257,  organized  aboixt  the  year 
1867  or  1868,  with  seven  or  eight  charter  members.  Meetings  were 
held  in  different  buildings  until  1880,  at  which  time  the  present  hall 
over  the  business  room  of  T.  B.  Schaeffer  was  erected.  While  not  so 
strong  in  numbers  as  formerly,  the  society  is  still  in  a  prosperous 
condition,  with  an  active  membership  oi  thirty.  The  first  Worshipful 
Master  was  Arthur  Graham.  The  present  officers  are  T.  B.  SchaefFer, 
W.  M. ;  J.  M.  Settle,  S.  W. ;  Andrew  Sheets,  J.  W. ;  J.  L.  Downing, 
Sec. ;  Jacob  Coontz,  Treas. ;  John  Barber,  S.  D. ;  Wesley  Eaton,  J. 
D.,  and  P.  T.  Anderson,  Tyler. 

Eagleville  Lodge,  No.  166,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  was  instituted  March  27, 
1867,  by  District  Deputy  Grand  Master  John  E.  Clayton,  with  the 
following  charter  members:  Henry  O.  Bryant,  Veazy  Price,  Henry 
Moats,  T.  B.  Schaeffer  and  k..  P.  Rupe.  Among  the  first  officers  were 
T.  B.  Schaeffer,  N.  G. ;  Henry  Moats,  V.  G.,  and  J.  W.  Ewart,  Sec. 
The  lodge  grew  and  prospered  for  a  number  of  years,  and  at  one  time 
had  the  names  of  1 30  members  iipon  the  records.  It  lost  heavily  by 
deaths  and  removals  from  time  to  time,  and  in  February,  1887,  there 
were  but  eight  members  left.  By  mutual  consent  it  was  decided  to 
surrender  the  charter  in  the  above  month  and  year,  since  which  time 
the  residue  of  members  have  been  identified  with  the  lodge  at 
Kidgeway. 

Eagle  Lodge,  No.  118,  A.  O.  U.  W.,  was  established  about  the 
year  1881,  with  a  good  membership  which  has  since  decreased  until 
at  this  time  there  are  only  ten  belonging.  The  present  officers  of  the 
organization  are  as  follows :  J.  D.  Brown,  M.  W. ;  William  Pearson, 
Recorder;  A.  H.  Deputy,  Financier;  T.  B.  Schaeffer,  Receiver;  A.  J. 
Sheets,  Foreman;  R.  H.  Wren,  Guide;  P.  T.  Anderson,  O.  W.,  and 
Dr.  Bohannon,  Medical  Examiner. 

Rheubendal  Post,  No.  223,  G.  A.  R.,  was  organized  in  Decem- 
ber,  1883,  by  Maj.   Skinner,   of    Bethany,  with  thirty-three  charter 


370  HISTORY    or    HAEEISON    COUNTY. 

members.  The  first  officers  were  J.  D.  Officer,  Commander;  K.  H. 
Giastead,  S.  V.  C. ;  James  Dale,  J.  V.  C. ;  A.  H.  Deputy,  O.  D. ;  H. 
M.  Stump,  O.  G. ;  Charles  Miller,  Adjutant;  J.  A.  Coontz,  Q.  M. ; 
Hem-y  Tripp,  Surgeon.  Officers  of  1887:  T.  B.  Schaeffer,  Com- 
mander; H.  J.  Herring,  J.  V.  C. ;  James  Dale,  J.  V.  C. ;  O.  W.  John- 
son, Q.  M. ;  I.  N.  Curry,  Adjt. ;  John  Cook,  O.  D. ;  John  Hovater, 
O.  G. ;  James  Cross,  Surgeon,  Thomas  Beeks,  Chaplain.  Present 
membership  is  seventy-six. 

Moujit  Moriah. — The  town  of  Mount  Moriah  is  situated  in  the 
eastern  part  of  Trail  Creek  Township,  about  two  miles  from  the  bound- 
ary line  between  Harrison  and  Mercer  Counties,  and  was  surveyed  in 
the  year  1856  by  Alexander  McCoUum,  for  George  Miller,  proprietor. 
The  plat  as  recorded  shows  sixteen  blocks,  subdivided  into  140  lots, 
laid  out  on  the  southeast  quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section 
23,  Township  64,  Range  26.  The  village  appears  to  have  been  the 
outgrowth  of  the  neighborhood's  demand  for  a  trading  point,  and  the 
locality  was  first  brought  into  prominence  by  a  steam  saw  and  flouring 
mill  erected  by  Mr.  Miller  as  early  as  1855  or  1856.  A  short  time 
after  the  suiwey  W.  J.  Prater,  an  early  settler  in  the  vicinity,  purchased 
a  lot  and  erected  a  blacksmith  shop,  and  a  little  later  a  dwelling, 
which  were  the  first  buildings  on  the  town  site.  The  former  stood 
near  the  central  part  of  the  village  on  the  lot  now  occupied  by  Dr. 
Sellers'  business  house,  and  the  dwelling  was  built  southwest  of  the  pub- 
lic square,  where  the  residence  of  George  W.  Stewart  now  stands. 
In  the  winter  of  1856  John  Purdun  moved  to  the  village  and  engaged 
in  the  blacksmithiug  business,  erecting  a  shop  northeast  of  the  square, 
and  a  dwelling  in  the  western  part  of  the  town,  where  Elisha  Bustle 
now  lives.  The  first  business  house  was  erected  by  George  W.  Miller 
south  of  the  square,  in  which  he  sold  goods  about  one  year,  closing 
out  at  the  end  of  that  time.  An  early  grocery  and  whisky  shop  was 
started  on  the  south  side  of  the  square  by  one  Samuel  W.  Huller, 
whose  place  soon  became  the  rendezvous  of  all  the  worthless  charac- 
ters of  the  community.  He  continued  to  ply  his  trade  about  one  year, 
at  the  end  of  which  time  his  establishment  was  forcibly  broken  up  by 
the  better  class  of  citizens,  who  determined  to  remove  the  cause  which 
gave  the  town  its  unenviable  reputation. 

About  the  year  1858  William  Frazee  engaged  in  the  dry  goods 
trade,  which  he  carried  on  with  fair  success  until  1860,  the  stock 
then  being  piu'chased  by  Messrs.  White  &  Deai'duff,  who  contin- 
ued the  business  about  two  years  longer.  The  building  in  which  this 
store  was  kept  stood  east  of  the  square,  and  was  erected  by  Jesse 


STATE    OF    MISSOUBI.  371 

Walker.  Charles  Dvikes  erected  a  building  west  of  the  square  in  an 
early  day,  which  he  designed  for  a  hotel,  but  it  does  not  appear  to 
have  been  used  for  that  purpose.  The  first  building  opened  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  traveling  public  was  the  residence  of  W.  J. 
Prater,  but  the  first  regular  hotel  was  started  about  the  year  1860  by 
H.  O.  Bryant. 

Among  the  earliest  mechanics,  aside  from  Messrs.  Prater  &  Pur- 
dun,  were  Joseph  Parish,  blacksmith;  Charles  Dukes,  carpenter;  Rob- 
ert Jackson,  carpenter  and  cabinet-maker;  A.  T.  Shaffer,  blacksmith; 
Samuel  J.  Wright,  blacksmith  and  wagon-maker,  and  Charles  Eades, 
wagon- maker. 

The  following  men  and  firms  carried  on  the  mercantile  business  at 
different  times:  Samuel  Smith,  Joseph  V.  Parish,  James  Burrows, 
William  Stewart,  George  Flint,  Wesley  Cardiff,  Joseph  Webb, 
Henry  White,  William  Chambers,  Chambers  &  Baker,  Chambers  & 
Fuller,  Chambers  &  Macey,  Chambers  &  Stoner,  Samuel  Baker,  Oscar 
Shoemaker,  Shoemaker  &  Macey,  Shoemaker  &  Bustle.  The  first  drug 
store  was  started  about  the  year  1866  by  H.  O.  Bryant,  who,  a  little 
later,  effected  a  co-partnership  in  the  business  with  James  M.  Brady. 
Albert  O.  Bryant  subsequently  purchased  the  interest  of  the  former, 
and  after  continuing  the  business  with  Brady  about  one  year,  withdrew 
with  his  half  of  the  stock,  and  engaged  in  the  trade  upon  his  own 
responsibility.  Charles  Cane,  Joseph  Cobui'n,  Men'ifield  &  Lincoln, 
O.  C.  Macey,  and  Shipley  &  Stanley  carried  on  the  drug  trade  at  dif- 
ferent times,  but  the  record  is  that  nearly  all  of  them  finally  failed  in 
the  business.  Messrs.  Church  &  Bishop  opened  the  first  hardware 
store  about  the  year  1882.     The  latter  is  still  in  the  business. 

Among  the  physicians  who  have  resided  in  the  town  fi-om  time  to 

time  were  the  following:  Alexander  Scott,   Scott,    Dr.  Benson, 

William  Bryant,  A.  L.  Dunn,  M.  M.  Hayden,  Dr.  Bushon,  George 
W.  Sellers,  William  A.  Melton  and  Dr.  Cruzan,  the  last  three  being 
still  in  the  village. 

As  already  stated,  the  first  manufacturing  enterprise  was  the  saw 
and  flouring  mill  erected  by  George  W.  Miller.  Mr.  Miller  sold  out 
at  the  end  of  about  one  year  to  J.  Oatman,  who,  after  operating  the 
mill  for  some  time,  disposed  of  it  to  Joseph  Collier,  by  whom  it  was 
subsequently  moved  to  Bethany. 

Messrs.  Kane  &  Hally  erected  a  steam  saw  and  corn  mill  about 
the  year  1863,  and  ran  it  very  successfully  for  a  period  of  five  or  six 
years.  It  was  afterward  sold  and  moved  fi'om  the  village.  The  pres- 
ent saw  mill  was  brought  to  the  town  in  1885  by  Eobert  Neal.     It  does 


372  HISTORY   OF   HARRISON   COUNTY. 

a  very  fair  business  and  is  extensively  patronized  by  the  citizens  of  the 
town  and  adjacent  country. 

Mount  Moriah  is  essentially  a  mercantile  town,  and  as  such  will 
compare  favorably  with  any  other  village  of  the  county.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  fine  agricultural  region,  and  is  the  chief  source  of  sup- 
plies for  a  large  area  of  territory  in  Harrison,  Mercer  and  Grundy 
Counties.  During  the  war  the  village  was  almost  deserted,  but  about 
the  year  1866  it  became  infused  with  new  life  and  vitality,  and  until 
the  completion  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Eailroad  it 
ranked  with  Bethany,  Cainesville  and  Eagleville  in  the  extent  of  its 
mercantile  trade.  It  is  still  a  place  of  considerable  business  impor- 
tance, and,  from  its  admii-able  location,  is  likely  to  continue  in  com- 
mand of  a  large  proportion  of  the  current  trade. 

The  business  at  this  time  is  represented  by  the  following  register: 
Webb  &  Sons,  dry  goods  and  general  merchandise.  This  is  one  of  the 
best  stores  in  the  county,  and  the  annual  business  will  compare  well 

with  much  larger  firms.      Pratt,  general  stock;  Cox  &  Coleman, 

general  merchandise;  F.  M.  Shipley,  groceries;  Jacob  Crew,  groceries; 
Burrows  &  McKiddy,  hardware;  James  H.  Bishop,  hardware;  Joseph 
Green,  dealer  in  fm-niture;  John  Balls,  livery  barn;  James  H.  Cham- 
bers, hotel;  Twiliger  &  Co.,  blacksmiths  and  wagon-makers;  Mrs. 
Joseph  Kilburn,  milliner. 

The  first  postmaster  of  the  town  was  W.  J.  Prater,  since  the  expir- 
ation of  whose  term  of  service  the  office  has  been  filled  by  the  follow- 
ing gentlemen:  H.  O.  Bryant,  John  Myers,  O.  Shoemaker,  George 
Fisher,  and  the  present  incumbent,  Joseph  Sallee. 

Mount  Lebanon  Lodge,  No.  332,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. ,  was  organized 
in  the  year  1868  with  about  eight  members.  The  first  ofiicers  were 
A.  T.  Shaffer,  W.  M. ;  W.  J.  Prater,  S.  W. ;  Conrad  Mooter,  J.  W. ; 
A.  G.  Hale,  Tyler;  Joseph  Webb,  Treas. ;  T.  B.  Walker,  Sec. ;  Wes- 
ley Cardiff  and  J.  Green,  Deacons.  The  organization  was  kept 
up  for  a  period  of  five  or  six  years,  but  owing  to  deaths  and  removals 
the  charter  was  surrendered  at  the  end  of  that  time. 

Odd  Fellowship  is  represented  in  the  village  by  Mount  Moriah 
Lodge,  No.  269,  instituted  about  the  year  1870.  The  membership  at 
this  time  is  quite  small,  the  records  showing  the  names  of  only  twelve 
belonging.  The  elective  officers  are  D.  J.  Cumming,  N.  G. ;  H.  S. 
Wilkinson,  V.   G. ;  J.  D.  Eoberts,  Sec. ;  and  O.  J.  Shoemaker,  Treas. 

Bradshaw  Post,  No.  201,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  was  estab- 
lished in  September,  1885.  The  organization  has  enjoyed  great  pros- 
perity, and  now  numbers  over  sixty-five  members.      The  officers  for 


STATE    OF    MISSOUEI.  373 

1887  were  as  follows:  D.  J.  Gumming,  Com.;  G.  W.  Allen,  S.  V.  C. ; 
William  Dodd,  J.  V.  C. ;  O.  J.  Shoemaker,  adjt. ;  A.  T.  ShafPer, 
O.  D. ;  Joseph  T.  Milner,  O.  G. ;  John  Ball,  S.  M. ;  John  Misner,  Q. 
M.  S. ;  L.  B.  Blount,  Sent. 

Ridgeivay  is  a  thriving  town  of  about  400  inhabitants,  situated  twelve 
miles  northeast  of  Bethany  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  of  which  it  is  an  outgrowth.  The  land  upon  which  the  vil- 
lage stands  was  purchased  about  1880,  by  C.  C.  Perkins,  an  official  of 
the  road,  who  in  June  of  the  same  year  secured  the  services  of  A.  B. 
Smith,  county  engineer,  and  had  the  same  laid  off  into  lots.  The  site 
occupies  part  of  Sections  3  and  4,  Township  64,  and  Sections  33  and 
34,  Township  65,  Range  27,  and  includes  thirty-two  blocks  traversed 
by  the  following  streets:  Maple,  Locust,  Walnut,  Vine,  Cedar,  Pine, 
Spruce  and  Poplar,  running  east  and  west,  and  Main.  First,  Second 
and  Third,  north  and  south.  Soon  after  the  completion  of  the  road 
the  village  became  a  good  shipping  point  for  grain  and  live  stock,  and 
within  a  short  time  after  the  station  was  located  several  biisiness 
men  purchased  and  improved  a  number  of  lots.  The  first  building 
in  the  village  was  a  small  frame  structure  erected  on  Main  Street  for 
the  purpose  of  a  meat  market,  and  its  first  stock  of  goods  was  brought 
to  the  place  by  S.  D.  Rardan,  who  is  still  identified  with  the  business 
interests  of  the  town.  Stanley  &  Co.  engaged  in  merchandising  soon 
after  the  village  was  surveyed,  as  did  also  M.  Bennett,  W.  J.  Cole- 
man, J.  H.  Ray,  J.  B.  Eads,  J.  T.  Dixon  and  others.  Additional  to 
the  foregoing,  the  following  men  and  firms  sold  goods  from  time  to 
time:  J.  Stanley  &  Son,  G.  W.  Brewer,  Fowler  &  Son,  Coombs  & 
Cole,  J.  H.  Goodwin,  Ray  &  Pritchard,  Carmen  &  Masden,  J.  A. 
Nelson,  Milligan  &  Stanley,  Hubbell  and  Richardson,  Gillidett  & 
Co.,  and  J.  R.  Maxwell. 

The  first  hotel,  Central  House,  was  opened  in  1880  by  Mrs.  Drug, 
and  the  City  Hotel  was  erected  the  following  fall  by  William  Earl. 

The  town  was  incorporated  in  August,  1881,  with  the  following 
municipal  ofiicers:  Richard  Hay  worth,  O.  D.  Wilcox,  John  E.  Opdyke, 
Frank  M.  Monroe  and  James  S.  Hayes,  trustees;  George  T.  Kirk, 
clerk;  John  S.  Rarden,  marshal  and  street  commissioner,  and  A.  J. 
Milligan,  collector.  The  officers  at  this  time  are  the  following:  Board 
of  trustees,  M.  Burris,  J.  C.  Baker,  David  Elliott,  M.  Bennett  and 
George  Dunbill.  George  T.  Kirk  is  clerk  and  assessor,  E.  T.  Waddi- 
love,  marshal,  street  commissioner  and  assessor,  and  W.  A.  Miner, 
treasurer. 

The  first  postmaster  was  A.   B.  Barnes,  and  A.    J.  Hem-y  was  the 


374  HISTORY    OF    HARRISON    COUNTY. 

first  station  agent.  W.  E.  Yeoder,  W.  C.  Elder,  and  M.  £>.  Sbam- 
blin  have  held  the  latter  position  at  difFerent  times,  the  last  named 
having  charge  of  the  railroad  office  at  the  present  time.  The  present 
postmaster  is  S.  D.  Rardin.  The  physicians  who  have  practiced  their 
profession  in  the  village  from  time  to  time  have  been  the  following: 
■C.  W.  Robertson,  A.  Williams,  A.  B.  Barnes,  Dr.  Burgin,  A.  A.  Col- 
lier, S.  B.  Guild  and  Charles  Conway. 

Ridgeway  District  Fair  Association  was  organized  in  the  fall  of 
1882.  It  was  chartered  with  501  shares  and  100  members,  and  was 
established  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  an  interest  in  agriculture, 
and  stimulating  the  stock  interests  of  the  neighborhood  and  county. 
The  first  officers  were  H.  S.  Burgin,  president;  James  M.  Hughes, 
treasurer;  George  W.  Brewer,  secretary,  and  J.  W.  Reaksecker,  super- 
intendent. A  forty-acre  tract  of  ground  one  and  three-quarters 
miles  south  of  the  village  was  purchased,  and  fhe  necessary  improve- 
ments erected  thereon  in  the  summer  of  1882.  These  consist  of  a 
fine  half-mile  race  track,  several  wells,  a  large  pond,  a  floral  hall 
36x80  feet,  a  large  booth  24x80  feet,  and  117  stalls  for  the  accom- 
modation of  stock  entered  for  exhibition.  The  fij'st  fair  was  held  on 
the  9th  of  October,  lS82,  and  continued  very  successfully  for  four 
days.  A  fine  lot  of  well  bred  live  stock  was  on  exhibition,  and  the 
display  of  agricultiu-al  and  mechanical  industries  would  have  done 
credit  to  a  much  more  pretentious  association.  Fairs  have  been  held 
every  year  since  the  organization  went  into  effect,  and  the  interest  in 
the  association  continues  to  increase.  The  association  was  reorganized 
in  May,  1880,  and  the  number  of  stockholders  reduced  to  fifteen.  The 
officers  last  elected  were  as  follows:  H.  J.  Herring,  president;  J.  L. 
Kelsey,  vice-president;  T.  J.  Freeman,  treasurer,  C.  ^V.  Robertson, 
secretary,  and  J.  C.  Baker,  marshal;  J.  L.  Kelsey,  E.  Munson,  T.  J. 
Freeman,  D.  H.  Burgin  and  C.  W.  Robertson,  executive  committee. 
The  directors  are  J.  L.  Kelsey,  E.  O.  NefF,  H.  J.  Herring  and  J.  H. 
Burgin. 

Ridgeway  Lodge,  No.  877,  1.  O.  O.  F.,  was  instituted  October  1, 
1881,  b}'  Henry  Cadle,  D.  D.  G.  M. ,  with  a  membership  of  about 
twenty-five,  the  majority  of  whom  had  formerly  belonged  to  Lorraine 
Lodge.  A  charter  was  granted  May  19,  1882,  under  which  the  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected :  T.  Hasty,  N.  G. ;  George  Kirk,  Sec. ;  C. 
F.  Fransham,  Permanent  Sec;  J.  V.  Mills,  V.  G. ;  and  O.  D.  'Wil- 
cox, Treas.  February  16,  1887,  the  membership  of  Eagleville  Lodge, 
No.  166,  was  transferred  to  Ridgeway,  since  which  time  the  organi- 
zation has  continued  to  grow  in  numbers  and  influence.      The  present 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  375 

membership  is  twenty-six.  The  officers  are  J.  M.  Peasley,  N.  G. ; 
M.  D.  Shamblin,  V.  G. ;  George  T.  Kirk,  Sec. ;  Jos.  Yeater,  Treas. ; 
Charles  F.  Fransham,  Lodge  Deputy. 

Elwell  Post,  No.  140,  G.  A.  R.,  was  established  on  the  22d 
of  January,  1884,  with  the  following  members :  James  T.  Anderson, 
George  W.  Brewer,  John  S.  Rarden,  Frank  Manore,  L.  M.  Sellers, 
Eli  Johnson,  "\V.  "W.  Stevens,  Elia  A.  Cook,  J.  C.  Hatton,  Robert  H. 
Drake,  J.  T.  Hendren,  James  H.  Goodwin,  George  W.  Grant, 
Charles  Fransham,  Thomas  P.  Tharp,  William  Wilson,  John  E. 
Opdyke,  Abraham  Rake,  William  R.  Parker,  David  Elliott,  Abel  B. 
Barnes,  James  Rake,  William  M.  Stanley,  John  I.  Israel,  Thomas  S. 
Stoner,  Fred  Gardner,  Jefferson  Sevier,  Pleasant  Case,  William  Dale, 
J.  C.  Behee,  William  H.  Smith,  Pleasant  Wishon,  Thomas  E.  Cole 
and  Albert  Reeves.  J.  E.  Opdyke  was  First  Commander,  and  L.  M. 
Sellers  First  Senior  Vice-Commander.  Officers  for  1887:  J.  T. 
Anderson,  Com. ;  J.  V.  Miller,  S.  V.  C. ;  William  Dale,  J.  V.  C. ;  J.  C. 
Baker,  Q.  M. ;  Eli  Johnson,  Adjt. ;  Pleasant  Case,  Chap. ;  David 
Elliott,  Q.  M.  S. ;  Jasper  Hatton,  O.  D. ;  William  Case,  O.  G. 
The  present  membership  is  twenty-five ;  not  so  strong  as  formerly. 

Present  Business  of  Ridgeivay. — Coleman  &  Son,  general  stock; 
J.  C.  Baker,  general  stock;  J.  D.  Onstadt,  general  merchandise;  S. 
D.  Rardin,  general  store;  J.  H.  Goodwin,  groceries;  W.  J.  Coleman, 
Jr.,  groceries  and  hardware;  Briggs  &  Reeves,  hardware  and  harness; 
Jacob  Redding,  furniture  and  undertaker;  A.  P.  Fowler,  groceries 
and  drugs;  C.  W.  Robertson,  drugs;  John  McKern,  meat  market;  T. 
B.  Chamberlain,  confectionery;  George  Dunbill,  restaurant  and  con- 
fectionery; Lizzie  Wymore,  millinery;  H.  Bennett,  barber;  Peasley 
&  Heizer,  wagon  and  carriage  makers  and  blacksmiths;  F.  M.  Hoyl- 
man,  blacksmith;  W.  J.  Prater,  hotel.  Central  House;  G.  W.  Max- 
well, livery  stable;  Miner  &  Frees,  lumber  yard;  George  T.  Kirk, 
notary  public  and  insurance  agent;  J.  T.  Anderson,  notary  public  and 
justice  of  the  peace;  Mrs.  C.  W.  Barnes,  dressmaker;  C.  F.  Fran- 
sham, dealer  in  live  stock;  J.  C.  Baker,  stock  dealer;  Popp  Brothers, 
painters;  Fred  Gardner  and  J.  Redinger,  carpenters,  and  W.  Scott, 
shoemaker.  Messrs.  Opdyke  &  Campbell,  in  1884,  erected  a  steam 
mill  for  the  manufacture  of  corn  meal  and  chopped  feed,  and  in  1885 
"William  Matson  built  a  large  elevator,  and  engaged  in  the  grain  trade, 
which  he  still  carries  on.  Messrs.  Miner  &  Frees  engaged  in  the 
banking  business  in  1884,  and  at  this  time  have  one  of  the  most  sue 
cessful  banks  in  Harrison  County. 

There  are  two  churches  in  the  town — Methodist  and  Christian, 
appropriate  sketches  of  which  will  be  found  on  another  page. 


376  HISTOKY    OF    HAKEISON    COUNTY. 

Blythedale. — This  is  also  a  railroad  town,  situated  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  coiintv,  and  dates  its  history  from  June,  1880.  The  land 
was  originally  owned  by  W.  J.  Nevill,  and  was  purchased  from  him 
by  an  agent  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Company  for  the 
purpose  of  establishing  a  station  and  starting  a  town.  The  town 
plat  containing  fifty-three  and  a  half  acres  in  Sections  34  and  35, 
Township  66,  Range  27,  was  surveyed  by  A.  B.  Smith  for  C.  E. 
Perkins,  and  shows  seventeen  blocks  and  the  following  streets: 
Main,  First,  Second,  Third,  Fourth,  Fifth,  Sixth,  Seventh, 
Broadway,  Elm,  Maple  and  Walnut,  the  last  four  running  north 
and  south  and  the  other  east  and  west.  James  Clark  purchased  a 
lot  soon  after  the  town  was  laid  off,  and,  building  a  hoiase,  engaged  in 
the  mercantile  business,  which  he  carried  on  for  some  time,  subse- 
quently closing  out  and  purchasing  a  stock  of  saddlery  and  harness. 
Aaron  Saunders,  in  the  fall  of  1880,  erected  a  hotel  in  the  south  part 
of  town,  which  he  opened  under  the  name  of  the  Blythedale  House. 
After  continuing  the  business  two  or  three  years  he  sold  out  to  Joseph 
Carter,  who  subsequently  enlarged  the  building  and  added  other 
improvements,  until  it  is  now  considered  one  of  the  best  places  of 
entertainment  in  the  county. 

The  Elwood  House  was  erected  in  1881  or  1882  on  the  south  side  of 
the  square  by  John  Keeves,  who,  after  running  it  a  short  time  rented 
the  building  to  Kemp  Vorhis.  It  is  not  used  for  hotel  purposes  at 
this  time.  The  Young  Brothers,  |J.  H.  Miller  and  George  M.  Norris 
opened  general  stores  shortly  after  the  village  was  founded,  and  the 
fii'm  of  A^'ickersham,  Woodward  &  Co.  engaged  in  the  drug  business 
about  the  same  time.  Kirby  &  Young  were  in  the  drug  business  for 
some  time,  and  saloons  were  started  before  the  village  was  many  years 
old  by  Wood  &  Bronson  and  Charles  Lynch.  Mr.  Yonke  and  War- 
ren Graham  were  the  first  blacksmiths,  and  William  Henry  was  the 
first  railroad  agent. 

A  postoffice  was  established  soon  after  the  town  was  started  with 
W.  J.  Nevill  as  postmaster.  In  August,  1886,  J.  F.  Zimmerman 
began  the  manufacture  of  Zimmerman's  patent  automatic  trunk,  and 
continued  the  business  for  one  year. 

Blythedale  is  admirably  situated  for  a  shipping  and  trading  point, 
the  beautiful  prairie  country  immediately  surrounding  being  one  of 
the  best  agricultiu-al  and  stock  regions  of  Harrison  County.  The  vil- 
lage has  a  population  of  about  250  or  300,  and  compares  favorably 
with  other  towns  of  the  county  in  the  extent  of  its  trade  and  the 
energy  displayed  by  its  business  men.     There  are  two  good  chui'ch 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  377 

buildings,  to  wit:  Presbyterian  and  Baptist,  and  the  general  appear- 
ance of  the  town  bespeaks  the  presence  of  an  intelligent  and  progres- 
sive class  of  citizens.  The  business  of  the  village  is  represented  at 
this  time  as  follows:  Young  Brothers,  large  dry  goods  and  general 
store;  R.  H.  Grinstead,  general  store;  Monroe  Davis,  hardware; 
Sherman  Henry,  groceries;  Mr.  Taylor,  general  stock;  Mrs.  Philip 
Young,  mUlinery;  Coon  &  Beeves,  mill;  A.  Dennis  and  E.  O.  Baker, 
blacksmiths;  Young  Bros.,  lumber  yard;  William  Walton,  railroad 
agent. 

There  is  an  organization  of  the  Grand  Army  in  the  town,  Wil- 
son Stanley  Post,  No.  208.  It  was  chartered  September  22,  1884, 
with  the  following  members:  James  Clark,  C.  J.  White,  Elzu- 
mer  Scott,  R.  H.  Grinstead,  John  Barber,  Preston  Sharp,  Josiah 
Smith,  Robert  O.  Baker,  Charles  Whittaker,  Milton  Israel,  Charles 
Bender,  Enoch  Jones,  C.  M.  Day,  Thomas  P.  Brown,  William  Stew- 
art, John  G.  Reed,  T.  J.  Carson  and  John  H.  Poynter.  The  Urst 
Commander  was  Preston  Sharp.  Present  officers :  John  Barber,  C. ; 
Pleasant  Wishon,  S.  V.  C. ;  Alfred  Hunt,  J.  V.  C. ;  E.  T.  Leach,  Q. 
M. ;  James  B.  Officer,  Adjt. ;  Jonah  Smith,  O.  G. ;  E.  L.  Scott,  O. 
D.,  and  Preston  Sharp,  Surgeon.     Present  membership,  35. 

Martinsville,  a  small  hamlet  about  ten  miles  northeast  of  Beth- 
any, in  the  central  part  of  Dallas  Township,  was  located  in  1856  by 
one  Willis  Loy,  who  the  following  year  had  a  plat  of  sixteen  lots  sur- 
veyed and  recorded  under  the  name  of  Middletown.  Loy  opened  a  small 
general  store,  and  for  some  years  carried  on  a  faii-ly  successful  trade. 
James  Reynolds  started  a  blacksmith  shop  in  1856,  and  a  little  later 
Lewis  Allen  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business.  There  have  been 
several  parties  in  the  goods  business  fi'om  time  to  time,  besides  a 
number  of  mechanics  representing  different  trades  and  occupations. 
The  town  early  became  a  good  local  trading  point,  but  its  business 
was  never  very  extensive.  In  March,  1872,  the  village  was  resur- 
veyed  for  Ed.  Baldwin,  W.  W.  Jesse,  W.  B.  Primer,  W.  S.  Rueker, 
W.  P.  Bishop,  George  W.  House  and  Solon  Butler,  proprietors,  and 
named  Martinsville.  This  was  to  distinguish  it  fi-om  an  older  village  by 
the  name  of  Middletown  somewhere  in  Missouri.  The  town  site  is 
situated  on  the  east  half  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  the  northwest  quar- 
ter of  Section  21,  Township  64,  Range  29,  and  eight  blocks  subdivided 
into  seventy-five  lots.  The  streets  are  Commercial,  Chestnut,  Felix, 
Main,  West  and  Second. 

The  Masonic  and  Good  Templar  fraternities  had  flourishing 
lodges  in  the  village  at  one  time,  and  in  1870  the  Christian  denomina- 


378  HISTOKY   OF   HABEISON   COUNTY. 

tion  organized  a  church  a  short  distance  from  the  town.  The  Meth- 
odists and  Presbyterians  have  a  substantial  house  of  worship  in  the 
town,  and  both  denominations  maintain  well-organized  societies.  The 
first  physician  in  the  place  was  Dr.  F.  M.  Winningham.  Drs.  A.  P. 
Henderson,  T.  B.  Ellis  and  J.  K.  Kidney  practiced  the  healing  art  in 
the  town  at  difFerent  times.  The  present  physician  is  Dr.  W.  L. 
Kucker.  The  following  is  a  register  of  the  present  business  of  Mar- 
tinsville: Taylor  &  Teener,  general  store;  R.  T.  Anthony,  general 
store;  C.  W.  Baker,  drugs;  Oscar  Lenier  and  T.  W.  Patterson,  black- 
smiths; J.  I.  Solomon,  wood  workman;  M.  C.  Matinger,  dealer  in 
furniture;  C.  Hughes,  proprietor  of  the  Martinsville  House.  Popula- 
tion of  the  village  is  about  200. 

Lorraine. — As  stated  in  a  previous  chapter,  the  present  location 
of  the  seat  of  justice  caused  much  dissatisfaction  among  the  citizens 
of  Northern  Harrison,  and  several  attempts  were  made  to  effect  a 
removal  of  the  same  to  a  point  nearer  the  geographical  center  of  the 
county.  With  this  object  in  view  a  number  of  citizens  of  Grant,  Jef- 
ferson, Union  and  Marion  Townships  organized  a  town  board,  and 
securing  the  services  of  the  county  engineer  located  in  May,  1874,  a 
town  about  ten  miles  northeast  of  Bethany,  to  which  they  gave  the 
name  of  Lorraine,  expecting  it  to  become  the  future  county  seat.  The 
many  advantages  of  the  situation  commended  it  to  the  people,  and  a 
strong  effort  was  made  to  effect  the  removal,  but  without  success. 
The  history  of  the  contest  being  fully  given  elsewhere,  it  need  only 
be  mentioned  incidentally  in  this  connection. 

The  village  of  Lorraine  was  laid  out  upon  land  donated  by  Jonah 
Brunton,  and  is  situated  on  the  southeast  quarter  of  the  northwest 
quarter  of  Section  12,  Township  64,  Eange  28.  The  survey  was 
made  on  the  26th  and  27th  days  of  May,  of  the  above  year,  by  Alexan- 
der McCollum,  assisted  by  F.  N.  Burgin,  T.  J.  Freeman,  Hamilton 
Blackburn,  John  Blackburn,  John  Rakestraw,  Solomon  Wear,  Henry 
Bui'gin  and  James  Hopkins,  and  the  j)lat  as  recorded  shows  eight 
blocks,  seventy-five  lots  and  seven  streets,  three  of  which,  Main,  Second 
and  West,  run  north  and  south,  and  the  other  four,  to-wit :  Commercial, 
Chestnut,  South  and  Felix,  north  and  south.  Block  4  was  reserved 
for  the  county  buildings,  and  a  part  of  Block  8  was  donated  for 
church  purposes. 

The  site  occupies  the  crest  of  a  beautiful  elevation,  and  the  sur- 
rounding country  is  justly  considered  one  of  the  finest  portions  of 
Harrison  County.  Starting  out  upon  its  career  under  the  most  aus- 
picious circumstances,   the  village  soon  attracted  business  men,  me- 


I 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  379 

chanics  and  others,  and  within  a  comparatively  short  time  quite  a 
number  of  lots  were  sold  and  improved.  The  possibility  of  its  becom- 
ing the  seat  of  justice  doubtless  had  a  tendency  to  induce  invest- 
ments, while  its  central  location  and  advantages  as  a  trading  point 
were  not  the  least  6t  its  attractions  to  those  who  first  sought  the  town 
as  a  place  in  which  to  engage  in  business.  About  the  time  the  town 
was  located  Elisha  Puett  erected  a  store  building,  and  began  dealing 
in  merchandise,  which  he  carried  on  for  a  period  of  a  little  over  two 
years.  He  disposed  of  his  stock  in  1876  to  Z.  T.  Rose  and  brother, 
a  firm  which  lasted  but  a  short  time,  Z.  T.  Rose  finally  purchasing  the 
entire  interest.  A  little  later  Mr.  Rose  effected  a  copartnership  with 
G.  H.  Thomas,  and  under  the  firm  name  of  Rose  &  Thomas  they 
carrie  d  on  a  large  business  for  about  six  and  a  half  years,  selling  nearly 
as  many  goods  in  the  meantime  as  any  other  store  in  the  county. 
George  Flint  engaged  in  biisiness  about  1874  or  1875,  and  about  the 
same  time,  or  perhaps  a  little  later,  Amos  Poynter  opened  a  general 
store,  which  was  subsequently  purchased  by  M.  Bennett.  Mr.  Bennett, 
after  cariying  the  trade  for  a  short  time,  effected  a  partnership  with 
his  son  under  the  firm  name  of  Bennett  &  Son,  which  lasted  until 
their  removal  to  Ridgeway,  soon  after  the  latter  village  was  founded. 
Additional  to  the  foregoing,  the  following  men  and  firms  carried  on 
the  general  goods  trade  in  the  village  at  difPerent  times:  J.  A. 
Britton,  Burgin,  Matthews  &  Co.,  Miller  &  Bain,  Bain  &  Son,  Geo. 
W.  Stobaugh,  Mitchell  Brothers,  Bennett  &  King,  Thomas  E.  S. 
Dx)ss  and  John  I.  Smith,  the  last  named  being  in  business  at 
the  present  time.  The  di'ug  trade  was  represented  at  difPerent 
times  by  the  following  men:  McDougall  &  Winn,  Trotter  &  Barnes, 
John  Kearns  and  James  Boyd.  The  first  hardware  store  was 
kept  by  Hugh  Van  Hoosier,  and  the  first  hotel  was  erected  in  1877, 
by  William  Frazee,  who  invested  considerable  capital  in  the  building, 
which  was  a  large  two-story  frame  structure.  It  was  subsequently 
kept  by  Jonas  Drug,  who  acted  in  the  capacity  for  a  short  time.  An- 
other hotel  was  opened  by  one  Thomas  Tindall,  whose  business  does 
not  appear  to  have  been  very  remunerative.  Among  the  early  mechan- 
ics of  the  town  are  remembered  Alexander  Milligan  and  John  Mil- 
ler, blacksmiths,  M.  BuitIs  and  O.  D.  Wilcox,  wagon-makers.  About 
the  year  1876  Messrs.  Miller,  Maltby  &  Thomas  erected  a  large  steam 
flouring  and  saw  mill,  which  was  operated  until  its  removal  to  Ridge- 
way, several  years  later.  The  miller  in  charge  while  it  remained  in 
Lorraine  was  Robert  C.  Neal. 

The  physicians  of  the  jslace  were  Drs.  F.   M.   Winningham  and 


380  HISTORY   OF   HAERISON   COUNTY. 

F.  N.  Burgin,  the  latter  one  of  the  chief  movers  in  locating  the  vil- 
lage and  promoting  its  interests. 

Lorraine  Lodge,  No.  128,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. ,  was  organized  a  number 
of  years  ago,  and  maintained  until  1885,  at  which  time  it  was  trans- 
ferred to  Washington  Center,  and  in  November,  1886,  to  Eidgeway. 
The  present  membership  is  twenty-seven.  The  officers  are  G.  B.  Jef- 
fries, W.  M. ;  S.  G.  Wright,  S.  W. ;  William  Shumard,  J.  W. ;  T.  T. 
Weir,  S.  D. ;  Dr.  K.  Travis,  J.  D. ;  C.  T.  Fransham,  Sec. ;  Keuben 
Gray,  Treas.,   and  Thomas  Doss,  Tyler. 

Lorraine  Lodge,  No.  377,  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  was  instituted  November  12, 
by  Eev.  H.  J.  Latour,  D.  D.  G.  M. ,  with  the  following  charter  mem- 
bers: Thomas  Tindall,  Absalom  Blakeman,  Lewis  F.  Kincaid,  Thomas 
J.  Trotter,  Matthew  L.  Beeks  and  Leander  L.  Long.  The  lodge  was 
kept  up  in  Lorraine  until  October,  1881,  at  which  time  it  was  consoli- 
dated with  the  lodge  at  Ridgeway. 

Failure  to  secure  the  county  seat  had  a  depressing  effect  upon  the 
prospects  of  Lorraine,  and  the  completion  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  Railroad  through  the  county  a  few  years  later,  proved  a 
death-blow  to  its  future.  Ridgeway,  an  outgrowth  of  the  road,  sprang 
up  a  few  miles  distant,  and  to  the  latter  place  the  business  men 
subsequently  moved  their  buildings  and  goods,  leaving  the  once 
ambitious  contestant  for  county-seat  honors  in  loneliness  and  desola- 
tion. Nearly  all  the  houses  have  been  torn  down  and  removed,  lots 
have  been  purchased  by  neighboring  farmers,  and  the  time  is  not  far 
distant  when  the  flourishing  village  of  Lorraine  will  live  only  as  a 
thing  of  memory. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  small  hamlet  of  a  few  dozen  inhabitants,  situated  in 
the  northern  part  of  Adams  Township,  was  laid  off  into  town  lots  in 
September,  1887,  by  Benjamin  F.  Archer,  proprietor.  The  village  is 
situated  at  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  3,  Township  62,  Range  27, 
and  includes  eighteen  lots  and  two  streets.  There  has  been  a  post- 
office  in  the  neighborhood  for  a  number  of  years,  also  a  store,  which 
early  gave  the  place  the  reputation  of  a  good  local  trading  point.  Since 
about  the  year  1856  the  United  Brethren  have  maintained  a  religious 
organization,  known  as  the  Blue  Ridge  Church. 

Brooklyn,  originally  known  as  Snell's  Mill,  or  Snellville,  is  situated 
about  nine  miles  north  of  Bethany,  in  Union  Township,  and  dates  its 
history  from  the  23d  of  March,  1854.  It  took  its  name  from  a  mill 
erected  by  Mr.  Snell,  on  Big  Creek,  some  time  in  the  fifties,  and  early 
became  a  local  trading  point  of  considerable  importance.  September 
10,  1865,  the  plat  was  resurveyed  and  recorded  as  Brooklyn,  by  which 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  381 

name  the  village  has  since  been  known.  At  this  time  the  business  of 
the  place  is  represented  by  one  small  store,  a  blacksmith  shop  and 
postoffice.     The  population  is  about  200. 

Neiv  Hampton. — This  town  was  located  in  December,  1869,  by  L. 
W.  H.  Cox,  and  named  by  him  Hamptonville.  It  is  situated  in  Sec- 
tion 17,  White  Oak  Township,  about  one  mile  fi'om  the  Gentry  County 
line,  and  as  originally  surveyed  consisted  of  fifteen  blocks,  ninety-five 
lots,  and  nine  streets,  to  wit:  Harrison,  Lincoln,  Grant,  Colfax,  Wal- 
nut, Elm,  Market,  Arch  and  Eace. 

The  first  enterprise  of  the  place  was  a  saw  mill  erected  about  the 
year  1869  or  1870,  by  Joshua  Low  and  Isaac  Arthurs.  The  Dillon  Bros, 
started  a  general  store  about  the  same  time,  and  continued  in  the  goods 
business  for  a  period  of  two  years.  M.  Cochrane  purchased  a  lot, 
erected  a  business  house  and  dwelling,  and  from  1871  until  1882 
was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  trade.  Messrs.  Kelley  &  Smith  were 
early  merchants  also,  and  were  identified  with  the  business  interests 
of  the  place  about  three  years.  Isaac  McCan  and  John  Henry  were 
the  first  mechanics,  and  the  first  physician  was  Dr.  Neal. 

Until  the  projection  of  the  railroad  through  the  county,  Hampton- 
ville was  but  an  insignificant  hamlet,  but  after  the  survey  of  the  road 
had  been  made  the  village  awoke  to  greater  possibilities.  The  railroad 
company  purchased  the  town  site  in  1880,  resurveyed  the  same  under 
the  name  of  New  Hampton,  after  which  various  buildings  in  the  village 
were  moved  and  rearranged  to  harmonize  with  the  new  order  of  things. 
A  station  was  established,  and  being  surrounded  by  a  fine  region  of 
country  the  town  soon  became  noted  as  an  advantageous  point  for 
the  shipment  of  grain  and  live  stock.  The  mercantile  business 
took  a  new  life,  and  within  a  comparatively  short  time  several  good 
stores  were  opened  and  in  successful  operation.  Among  the  mer- 
chants from  time  to  time  were  the  following:  Carson  &  Bro. ,  Jacob 
Anslyne,  John  C.  Stoner,  Cahn  Bros.,  William  Yocum  and  Dr.  Neal. 

The  Wagoner  Bros,  began  the  manufacture  of  harrows  in  1883, 
and  continued  the  business  with  fair  success  until  1885.  The  first 
postmaster  was  L.  W.  H.  Cox,  since  the  expiration  of  whose  term  of 
service  the  following  men  have  held  the  position:  M.  Cochrane,  A. 
X.  Henshaw  and  Elisha  Brace.  The  first  railroad  agent  was  A.  X. 
Henshaw ;  the  agent  at  this  time  is  Mr.  Shearer. 

The  following  medical  men  have  practiced  the  healing  art  in  the 
village :  Drs.  Neal,  Brown,  Boham,  and  the  present  physicians,  A.  W. 
Willey  and  M.  H.  Eades. 

New  Hampton  was  incorporated  in   1882.     The  town  officers  at 


382  HISTOBY    OF    HABKISON    COUNTY. 

this  time  (1887)  are  as  follows:  William  Yocum,  Albert  L.  Funk,  M. 
Cochrane  and  E.  S.  Miner,  trustees;  William  Yocum,  marshal; 
Albert  McMillen,  clerk,  assessor  and  treasurer. 

Present  Business. — I.  N.  Carson,  general  merchant;  M.  H.  Eades, 
general  stock  and  drugs;  McMillen  Bros.,  general  stock;  Elisha 
Brace,  hardware;  Mrs.  Yocum,  millinery;  John  Lyon,  buyer  and 
shipper  of  poultry;  Miner  &  Freese,  lumber  yard;  Reuben  D  .  Hall, 
blacksmith  and  wagon-maker;  William  Pool  &  Son,  blacksmiths; 
Carson  House,  kept  by  I.  N.  Carson;  Willey  House,  kept  by  A.  W. 
Willey. 

Tornado. — On  the  13th  of  July,  1883,  New  Hampton  was  visited 
by  a  destructive  tornado,  which  did  great  damage  to  the  town  and 
surrounding  country.  Indeed  the  storm  was  not  confined  to  any  one 
locality,  but  blew  over  various  parts  of  the  county,  leaving  the  wrecks 
of  fences  and  buildings  in  its  track.  New  Hampton  suffered  more, 
perhaps,  than  any  other  place,  and  the  storm  will  long  be  remembered 
as  the  town's  greatest  calamity. 

Andover,  a  small  village  in  the  northeast  corner  of  Colfax  Town  - 
ship,  about  one  mile  from  the  Iowa  State  line,  was  originally  laid  out 
by  Henry  Harrison,  county  surveyor,  for  Henry  Doebbling  and  James 
Officer.  The  survey  was  made  in  June,  1871.  The  place  was  resur- 
veyed  in  June,  1880,  for  C.  E.  Perkins,  agent  of  the  Chicago ,  Bur- 
lington &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  named  New  Andover.  It  has  never 
been  noted  as  a  village  of  any  importance,  being  merely  a  station  and 
shipping  point  on  the  railroad.  There  are  at  this  time  one  general 
store  kept  by  Frisby  &  Pullard,  and  a  hardware  store  by  D.  L.  Fra- 
zier.  John  Turk  deals  in  agricultural  implements,  and  MiramHas- 
kins  operates  a  blacksmith  shop.      Population  is  about  sixty. 

Gardner. — The  plat  of  Gardner  was  surveyed  in  June,  1880,  for 
C.  E.  Perkins,  and  is  situated  on  a  part  of  the  southeast  quarter  of 
Section  30,  Township  64,  Range  27.  It  consists  of  five  blocks,  eighty- 
nine  lots  and  six  streets,  but  has  an  existence  only  on  paper,  no  im- 
provements except  a  depot  having  been  erected  in  the  place.  The 
station  is  abovit  six  miles  northeast  of  Bethany,  in  the  western  part  of 
Grant  Township. 

Ak)^on  was  laid  out  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  southeast 
quarter  of  Section  15,  Clay  Township,  May  31,  1858,  by  John  Fisher. 
At  one  time  there  was  a  store  and  a  blacksmith  shop,  but  at  present 
the  place  is  known  only  as  a  postoffice. 

Jacksonville,  a  prosperous  town  in  Section  36,  Sherman  Town- 
ship, was  surveyed  in  November,  1885,  for  E.  J.  Bondurant,  proprie- 


STATE   OP   MISSOUEI. 


383 


tor.  The  plat  consisted  of  sixty  lots  and  a  public  square,  but  few  of 
whicli  were  ever  sold,  and  none  improved. 

Mitchellville,  about  five  miles  southwest  of  Bethany,  on  the 
line  between  Bethany  and  Cypress  Township,  was  laid  out  in  1858, 
but  never  became  a  place  of  any  importance.  A  postoffice  was  estab- 
lished a  number  of  years  ago,  and  at  one  time  there  was  a  small  store 
and  blacksmith  shop. 

Bolton  is  a  small  trading  point  and  postoffice  in  Section  28,  Fox 
Creek  Township. 

Pleasant  Ridge  and  Bridgeport  are  small  hamlets  in  Cypress 
Township. 


History  of  Mercer  County, 


RESOURCES. 


Boundary,  Topography  and  Soil. — Mercer  County  lies  on  the 
northern  border  of  the  State.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Iowa, 
on  the  east  by  the  counties  of  Putnam  and  Sullivan,  on  the 
south  by  Grundy,  and  on  the  west  by  Harrison.  In  shape  it  is 
nearly  square,  being  twenty-one  miles  east  and  west  by  twenty- 
one  and  one-fourth  miles  north  and  south.  Its  area  is  about  445 
square  miles.  Its  surface  consists  of  a  series  of  nearly  parallel 
ridges  and  depressions  trending  north  and  south.  The  principal 
stream  in  the  county  is  East  or  Weldon's  Fork  of  Grand  River,  which 
enters  the  county  from  the  north  on  the  line  between  the  townships  of 
Lindley  and  Marion,  and  with  many  curves  flows  in  a  southerly  direction, 
dividing  the  county  into  two  nearly  equal  parts.  On  Section  27, 
Township  66,  Range  24,  it  is  joined  by  Little  River,  which  enters 
Lindley  Township  about  two  miles  from  its  western  boundary,  runs 
due  east  about  four  miles,  thence  eastwardly  to  the  confluence  with 
East  Fork.  The  most  easterly  stream  in  the  county  is  West  Medicine 
Creek,  which  rises  in  the  extreme  northern  part  of  Somerset  Township, 
and  flows  almost  due  south.  To  the  west  of  this  stream  is  East  Honey 
Creek,  which  takes  its  rise  near  the  town  of  Ravanna,  and  flows  south  to 
the  county  line.  Between  East  Honey  Creek  and  West  Medicine  is 
a  small  creek  called  No  Creek,  which  flows  through  the  town  of  Half 
Rock.  Honey  Creek  rises  in  Ravanna  Township,  and  flows  south  into 
Grundy  County.  East  Muddy  Creek  rises  in  Iowa,  and  enters  the  county 
in  two  branches,  which  unite  on  the  line  between  Marion  and  Somerset 
Townships.  It  then  flows  in  a  slightly  southwest  course  through  the 
county,  converging  to  meet  East  Fork.  West  Muddy  Creek  has  its 
source  in  Harrison  Township,  and  flows  south  to  join  East  Fork,  in 
Grundy  County.  Martin  Creek,  to  the  west  of  West  Muddy,  is  a  small 
stream  which  rises  in  Harrison  Township,  flows  south  through  Madi- 
son Township,  and  joins  West  Fork  of  Grand  River  near  the  corner 
of  the  countv.     Sandv  Creek  rises  in  the  south  part  of  Lindley  Town- 


386  HISTORY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

ship,  nins  south  into  Madison,  and  thence  west  to  West  Fork.  Brush 
Creek  and  Coles  Creek  are  also  tributaries  of  West  Fork  from  this 
county.  The  last  mentioned  stream  touches  the  county  at  three  dif- 
ferent places,  but  does  not  enter  it  for  any  considerable  distance. 
These  streams  are  bounded  on  each  side  by  a  belt  of  timber.  The 
divides  are  mostly  prairie. 

The  soil  of  this  county  is  generally  very  fertile.  That  of  the 
prairies  is  mostly  a  deep  black  loam,  having  a  clay  subsoil.  The  tim- 
ber lands  are  for  the  most  part  clay,  with  some  admixture  of  gi-avel. 
There  are  also  considerable  tracts  known  as  elm  lands.  Much  of  the 
soil  of  the  county  is  underlaid  with  a  strata  of  limestone,  which  fur- 
nishes an  ample  supply  of  the  best  building  material. 

When  first  occupied  the  prairies  were  covered  with  the  wild  grasses 
usually  found  upon  them,  but  since  they  have  been  brought  under 
cultivation  and  pasturage  those  grasses  have  been  superseded  by  blue- 
grass,  which  grows  and  flourishes  as  though  it  were  indigenous  to  this 
soil.  Indeed,  this  section  rivals  the  famous  blue-grass  region  of 
Kentucky,  and  no  finer  grazing  country  can  be  found  in  the  world. 

Timber,  Fruits,  Live  Stock,  Agricultural  Products,  etc. — The  tim- 
ber which,  as  before  stated,  lines  the  banks  of  the  streams,  consists 
of  elm,  oak,  hickory,  ash  and  beech,  the  oak  predominating.  Dur- 
ing the  past  few  years,  large  quantities  of  railroad  ties  and  bridge 
timbers  have  been  cut,  and  should  the  present  rate  of  consumption 
continue  a  few  years  longer,  the  timber  lands  will  be  entirely  denuded 
of  their  valuable  growth.  Wood  is  largely  used  for  fuel,  and  during 
1879  there  were  cut  and  consumed  about  40,000  cords. 

The  principal  agricultural  productions  are  Indian  corn,  oats, 
wheat  and  hay.  The  acreage  and  production  of  these  crops  in  1879 
were  as  follows:  Indian  corn,  54,670  acres,  and  1,761,648  bushels; 
oats,  13,211  acres,  and  380,329  bushels;  wheat,  6,885 acres,  and 82, 653 
bushels;  and  hay,  25,264  acres,  and  25,502  tons.  During  the  same 
year  there  were  also  produced  29,779  pounds  of  tobacco,  53,127  bush- 
els of  Irish  potatoes  and  65,  111  gallons  of  sorghum  molasses.  The 
raising  of  tobacco  as  a  crop  is  quite  rare  in  Mercer  County,  neither 
the  season  nor  the  soil  being  well  adapted  to  it.  Ii'ish  potatoes  yield 
abundantly,  but  are  little  raised  except  for  home  consumption. 

Of  fruits,  the  apple,  perhaps,  attains  the  greatest  perfection,  but 
pears,  cherries,  quinces  and  small  fruits  are  grown  without  difliculty. 
The  peach  is  not  hardy  enough  to  withstand  the  extreme  cold  winters. 
That  fruit-growing  as  a  business  can  be  made  a  success  in  this  sec- 
tion has  been   demonstrated.     A  large  nursery  and  fi-uit  farm  was 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  387 

established  about  twenty  years  ago  by  H.  R.  and  S.  M.  Wayman.  It 
is  situated  three  and  one-half  miles  north  of  Princeton,  and  now 
comprises  3-46  acres,  upon  which  are  150,000  apple  trees,  from  one  to 
fovu-  years  old,  1,500  pear  trees,  1,000  peach  trees,  500  cherry  trees, 
1,000  grape  vines,  400  plum  trees  and  an  assortment  of  small  fruits. 
There  are  also  forty-five  acres  of  bearing  orchard,  and  twenty-five 
acres  more  of  growing  trees.  The  first  car  load  of  apples  that  ever 
left  the  county  was  shipped  by  S.  M.  Wayman,  in  1885.  In  1883 
$1,000  worth  of  apples  were  sold  from  eight  acres  of  orchard. 
In  1887  3,000  bushels  of   apples  were  shipped  from  these  orchards. 

The  county  is  especially  well  adapted  to  the  raising  of  live  stock, 
and  constantly  increased  attention  is  given  to  that  industry.  The  follow- 
ing statistics  are  frorh  the  census  of  1880:  On  January  1,  of  that 
year,  there  were  in  the  county  7, 839  horses,  700  mules,  6, 937  cows, 
16,620  other  cattle,  19,130  sheep  and  41,685  swine.  During  the  pre- 
ceding year  there  were  produced  92,112  pounds  of  wool,  and  383,629 
pounds  of  Ijutter. 

The  following  additional  statistics  will  furnish  some  idea  of  the 
condition  of  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  county  in  1880:  There 
were  then  2,148  farms,  embracing  an  area  of  255,526  acres,  of  which 
117,204  were  tilled,  and  49,056  in  orchard  and  permanent  pasture. 
The  unimproved  land  embraced  an  area  of  89, 266  acres,  of  which  74,  - 
650  were  in  woods.  The  aggregate  value  of  the  farms  was  placed  at 
$2,853,265,  the  value  of  live  stock  at  1997,961,  and  of  all  the  farm 
products  for  the  year  at  $736, 199. 

EEA  OF  SETTLEMENT. 

Circumstances  of  the  Settlement. — The  permanent  settlement  of 
Mercer  County  was  not  begun  until  1837,  and  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  it  remained  almost  entirely  unoccupied  for  nearly  twenty 
years  after  that  date.  The  settlements  began  in  the  south,  and 
gradually  extended  northward  along  the  streams.  Nearly  all  of  the 
first  settlers  had  been  accustomed  to  hills  and  forests  in  their  native 
State,  and  it  was  with  the  greatest  reluctance  that  they  located  upon 
the  prairie  lands.  The  settlement  of  Mercer,  like  other  border 
counties,  was  not  rapid,  owing  to  its  position.  Emigrants  from 
the  free  States  of  the  East  rarely  settled  in  Missouri  because  it  was 
a  slave  State.  They  preferred  to  locate  in  Iowa,  or  the  Territo- 
ries beyond.  On  the  other  hand,  those  who  came  from  the  Southern 
States  with  their  slaves  did  not  care  to  place  them  in  a  position  so 
favorable  for  their  escape,  and  this  prejudice  against  the  border  coun- 


"388  HISTORY    OF   MERCEK    COUNTY. 

ties  extended  even  to  those  who  owned  no  slaves,  and  whose  poverty 
precluded  the  possibility  of  their  becoming  possessed  of  such  properfy. 
The  first  settlers  were  mainly  from  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Ten- 
nessee and  Kentucky,  many  of  whom  had  spent  one  or  more  years  in 
some  of  the  older  counties  in  Missouri. 

For  the  first  few  years  the  pioneers  lived  a  life  of  extreme  simplic- 
ity, without  either  the  cares  or  comforts  of  modern  civilization.  Money 
was  very  scarce,  and  except  in  the  purchase  of  Government  land  was  lit- 
tle used.  The  principal  trade  of  the  country  consisted  in  the  exchange 
of  produce  for  a  few  household  necessities  and  powder  and  shot.  The 
nearest  market  was  Brunswick,  on  the  Missouri  Eiver,  some  seventy- 
five  miles  distant,  and  country  produce  taken  there  did  not  sell  for 
enough  to  pay  for  the  hauling.  Clothing,  furnitiu-e  and  nearly  every 
article  of  domestic  utility  were  manufactured  at  home  from  raw  ma- 
terial also  produced  upon  the  farm. 

So  far  as  a  circulating  medium  was  required,  the  demand  was  sup- 
plied by  wolf  scalps  and  beeswax.  A  bounty  was  paid  by  the  county 
for  the  former,  which  made  it  good  for  the  amount  of  the  reward,  and 
being  small  and  pliable  it  was  not  inconvenient  to  handle.  So  valu- 
able did  this  commodity  become,  that  the  killing  of  a  she  wolf  was 
looked  upon  by  the  hunters  as  a  misfortune,  since  her  annual  brood 
of  whelps  was  thus  lost. 

The  dwellings  of  the  pioneers  were  usually  rude  log  structures, 
with  little  furniture,  and  void  of  decoration,  but  they  were  comfortable, 
and  their  inmates  were  contented  and  happy. 

As  stated  above,  the  permanent  settlement  of  Mercer  County  was 
begun  in  1837,  but  one  or  two  settlements  of  a  temporary  character 
had  been  made  prior  to  that  time.  One  of  them  was  made  by  a  family, 
who  fifty  years  ago  became  notorious  as  the  originators  of  what  was 
termed  the  "  Heatherly  War,"  an  account  of  which  forms  one  of  the 
most  interesting  chapters  in  the  early  history  of  the  Upper  Grand 
River  country.  The  facts  contained  in  the  following  account  of  this 
episode  were  verified  by  Samuel  Loe,  the  only  man  now  living  in  the 
county  who  participated  in  the  so-called  war.  *  He  was  then  a  resident 
of  Livingston  County,  and  a  member  of  Capt.  Pollard's  company  of 
militia. 

The  Heatherly  War. — In  the  year  1831  a  family  named   Heath-  ; 

erly    came    to    Missouri    from    Kentucky,    and    settled    on    Grand  m 

River  near  the  present  site  of  the  city  of  Chillicothe.  This  fam- 
ily   was    composed   of   the  following   members:     George  Heatherly, 

•The  above  account  of  the  "Heatherly  War"  is  substantially  as  written  by  a  prominent  historian 
of  the  State. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  389 

St.,  the  father;  Jenny  Heatherly,  the  mother;  John,  Alfred,  James, 
and  Greorge  Heatherly,  Jr.,  the  four  sons,  and  Ann  Heatherly, 
the  daughter.  At  the  time  of  their  settlement  in  Missouri,  George 
Heatherly  and  his  wife  were  nearly  sixty  years  of  age,  and  their 
children  were  grown.  The  daughter,  Ann,  the  youngest  child  was 
about  sixteen.  The  antecedents  of  the  family  were  bad.  In  Kentucky 
old  George  Heatherly  was  known  to  be  a  thief,  while  Mrs.  Heath- 
erly was  said  to  have  been  the  wife  of  the  notorious  murderer,  Little 
Harpe,  who,  with  the  Big  Harpe,  was  a  terror  to  the  people  of  Ken- 
tucky and  Tennessee,  for  a  number  of  years,  nearly  a  century  ago. 
The  family  were  thoroiighly  bad,  but  for  a  time  after  their  first  set- 
tlement in  Missouri,  to  all  outward  appearances  they  led  a  fairly  rep- 
utable life.  Not  much  is  known  of  them  during  the  time  they  lived 
on  Grand  River.  The  country  was  new  and  almost  unbroken,  and 
they  had  few  neighbors.  It  was  noted,  however,  that  the  men  were 
nearly  always  away  from  home,  that  they  were  unsociable,  and,  unlike 
the  majority  of  pioneers,  were  exclusive,  and  disposed  to  be  unfriendly. 
But  in  a  few  years  settlers  came  to  the  rich  Upi^er  Grand  River 
country  in  considerable  numbers.  Locations  were  made  all  around 
the  Heatherlys.  At  once  they  resented  the  intrusion  and  removed. 
Starting  out  one  evening  they  went  about  forty  miles  north,  and  locat- 
ed beyond  the  confines  of  civilization  in  the  midst  of  a  forest  on  the 
West  Fork  of  Medicine  Creek  in  what  is  now  Medicine  Township, 
Mercer  County.  There  they  erected  a  log  house,  a  story  and  a  half 
in  height.  To  this  building  an  addition  was  subsequently  made. 
Stables  were  built  easy  of  access  from  the  house.  The  family  kept  no 
stock  other  than  horses,  and  beyond  clearing  and  cultivating  a  small 
garden,  there  were  no  attempts  at  agriculture.  The  entire  aspect  of 
the  premises  was  forbidding.  Occasional  reports  made  by  hunters 
living  in  the  forks  of  Grand  River,  who  had  come  upon  the  Heatherly 
abode,  while  on  their  hunting  excursions,  caused  the  locality  to  be  re- 
garded as  a  veritable  robbers'  roost.  Three  or  four  large  and  savage 
dogs  kept  constant  watch  and  ward.  A  settler  could  be  readily  identi- 
fied as  such,  and  if  one  approached  the  house  he  was  met  fifty  yards 
from  it  by  one  of  the  inmates  usually  around,  and  asked  what  he 
wanted.  Rarely  was  he  admitted,  but  a  stranger,  a  land  hunter,  or 
prospector  or  some  other  wanderer,  who  rode  a  good  horse,  and 
seemed  to  have  money,  was  always  welcomed.  The  woods  at  that  day 
contained  little  underbrush;  the  annual  fall  fires,  set  out  by  the  In- 
dians, kept  it  down,  and  one  could  ride  easily  through  the  timber 
without  a  road,  and  see  and  be  seen  a  level  distance  for  half  a  mile. 


390  HISTORY    OF    MERCEB    COUNTY. 

There  had  come  from  time  to  time  to  live  with  the  Heatherlys,  as 
boarders,  visitors,  or  retainers,  three  or  four  young  men  of  bad  appear- 
ance and  suspicious  deportment.  They  were  unknown,  but  it  was  be- 
lieved they  had  di'ifted  westward  fi-om  the  older  States  as  they  fled 
from  officers  of  the  law  for  crimes  committed.  A  bad  reputation  soon 
settled  upon  the  Heatherly  gang.  Tales  were  told  of  the  sudden 
and  utter  disappearance  of  many  a  land  hunter  and  explorer  who  vis- 
ited the  Upper  Grand  River  region,  and  was  last  seen  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Heatherly  house.  Even  yet  the  aged  pioneers  relate  black  and 
bloody  legends  of  crime  connected  with  the  old  log  mansion;  of  shrieks 
and  cries  heard  in  the  hollows  near  by;  of  pools  of  blood  found  in  se- 
cluded places,  and  occasionally  one  hears  a  tradition,  weird  and 
uncanny,  of  specters  seen  in  the  sombre,  gloomy  bottom  of  Medicine 
Creek  after  nightfall. 

Old  Mrs.  Heatherly  is  said  to  have  been  the  leading  spirit  of  the 
gang,  prompting  and  planning  many  a  dark  deed,  and  often  assisting 
directly  in  its  execution.  The  daughter,  Ann,  was  useful  in  many  ways. 
Her  chief  role  it  is  said  was  to  lure  some  susceptible  stranger  into  the 
timber,  where  an  assassin  in  ambush  blew  out  his  brains  with  a  rifle 
and  afterward  robbed  his  body.  The  young  men  of  the  family  made 
frequent  trips  to  the  Missouri  River  towns'  with  horses  for  sale,  which 
were  believed  to  have  been  stolen,  and  they  were  said  to  have  disposed 
of  gold  watches  and  other  articles  taken  from  the  bodies  of  men  they  had 
murdered.  They  seemed  always  to  have  plenty  of  money,  and  one  or  two 
men  who  had  been  the  guests  of  the  Heatherlys,  and  lived  to  tell  of  it, 
said  that  the  family  ' '  lived  well,  had  coffee  at  every  meal,  store  sugar 
to  sweeten  it,  and  every  fellow  had  his  own  jug  of  whisky. " 

Early  in  the  month  of  June,  1836,  a  party  of  the  Iowa  tribe  of 
Indians,  from  the  Des  Moines  River,  came  down  into  the  country  on 
the  East  Fork  of  Grand  River,  in  what  is  now  Grundy  County,  on  a 
hunting  expedition.  Indian  hunting  parties  from  the  north  frequently 
came  into  the  country  at  this  period,  and  seldom  gave  the  settlers  any 
trouble.  Learning  of  the  proximity  of  this  particular  party  of 
Indians,  and  that  they  had  a  number  of  horses  with  them,  the  Heath- 
erlys resolved  to  visit  their  camp,  not  many  miles  away,  steal  the 
best  horses,  carry  them  down  into  the  Missouri  River  counties  and  sell 
them.  Taking  with  them  three  of  their  associates,  James  Dunbar, 
Alfred  Hawkins,  and  a  man  named  Thomas,  the  four  Heatherly  boys 
made  their  way  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Indian  encampment,  secured 
about  twenty  horses  and  ponies,  which  had  been  turned  out  to  graze, 
and  drove    their    spoil    down  on  the  Weldon  Fork  of   Grand  River. 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  391 

There  in  a  thick  body  of  timber  they  corraled  the  animals  and  Btood 
guard  over  them.  The  Indians  soon  discovered  their  loss,  and 
about  twenty  armed  warriors  set  out  in  pursuit  of  the  thieves.  The 
trail  was  fresh  and  easily  followed.  In  a  short  time  the  robbers  were 
overtaken.  The  Indians  demanded  the  instant  return  of  their  prop- 
erty, and  the  demand  being  refused  raised  the  war  whoop  and  opened 
fire.  The  first  volley  killed  Thomas,  and  mortally  wounded  John 
Heatherly.  The  attack  was  pressed,  and  the  gang  retreated,  leaving 
the  ponies  in  the  hands  of  the  rightful  owners. 

Upon  the  defeat  of  their  scheme,  the  Heatherlys  returned  to  their 
rendezvous,  and  consulted  upon  the  best  course  to  pursue  under  the 
circumstances.  Fearing  that  the  Indians  would  first  give  informa- 
tion of  the  affair  to  the  whites  and  tell  the  true  story,  it  was  determined 
to  anticipate  their  visit  to  the  settlement,  and  to  tell  a  tale  of  their 
own.  For  some  time  James  Dunbar  had  shown  symptoms  of  treach- 
ery to  the  party,  and  now  he  evinced  a  desire  to  break  away  from  his 
evil  associates.  Dead  men  tell  no  tales.  The  next  day  after  the 
return  from  the  Indian  raid,  Dunbar  was  inveigled  into  the  woods 
and  murdered.     His  body  was  secreted,  but  was  afterward  discovered. 

Passing  by  the  cabins  in  the  Forks,  in  a  day  the  Heatherly  band 
appeared  among  the  settlers  further  down,  with  a  wild  tale  of  terror 
and  alarm.  "Indians!"  "Indians!"  A  thousand  painted  warriors 
had  come  from  the  northward,  they  said,  and  were  sweeping  down 
Grand  River,  bm-ning,  plundering  and  murdering.  They  had  mur- 
dered Thomas  and  John  Heatherly.  They  had  murdered  Dunbar. 
They  had  driven  the  people  in  the  ' '  Forks  ' '  to  the  woods  and  burned 
their  cabins.  They  would  certainly  exterminate  all  the  whites  in  that 
quarter,  and  who  could  tell  what  they  would  do  next. 

The  wildest  excitement  resulted,  couriers  dashed  away  in  every 
direction  to  warn  the  exf)osed  settlers,  and  to  notify  the  authorities. 
From  Linn  County  on  the  east  to  Caldwell  and  Clinton  on  the  west, 
among  the  Mormons,  the  alarm  spread;  many  fled  for  safety  to  the 
older  and  denser  settlements  along  the  Missouri,  others  formed  mili- 
tary companies  and  ' '  forted  up. ' '  Some  isolated  and  apart  in  the 
wilderness  abandoned  their  cabins  and  hid  in  the  woods.  The  further 
the  story  went  the  more  terrifying  it  became.  South  of  the  Missouri 
it  was  believed  that  all  of  North  Missouri  had  been  invaded  by  hordes 
of  copper-colored  Goths  and  Vandals  from  the  Iowa  country,  bent  on 
slaughter  and  rapine. 

Gen.  William  P.  Thompson,  of  Kay  County,  commanding  the 
militia  district,  was  prompt  to  act.      Hastily  mustering  the  Twenty- 


392  HISTOBY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

second  Regiment  of  militia,  composed  of  companies  from  Ray  and 
Carroll,  he  sent  it  under  its  commander.  Col.  Hiram  G.  Parks,  to  the 
seat  of  war.  Two  well  mounted  and  armed  companies  of  scouts,  un- 
der the  brave  and  experienced  Indian  fighters,  Capt.  John  Sconce 
and  Capt.  "William  Pollard,  were  dispatched  in  advance  with  orders  to 
move  night  and  day  until  they  encountered  the  enemy;  Col.  Park's 
regiment  was  to  follow  close  behind.  A  battalion  of  two  companies, 
numbering  150  men  from  Clay  County,  was  commanded  by  Col. 
Shubael  Allen,  and  the  captain  of  one  of  the  corapanies,  the  Liberty 
Blues,  was  David  R.  Atchison. 

The  troops  from  Ray  and  Carroll,  with  some  from  Chariton, 
marched  straight  for  Upper  Grand  River.  The  Clay  County  battalion 
rode  due  north,  along  the  then  western  boundary  of  the  State,  into 
what  is  now  De  Kalb  County,  and  then  turned  east  toward  the 
reported  scene  of  the  troubles.  This  was  done  to  discover  whether  or 
not  there  was  a  movement  of  the  savages  from  the  northwest,  or  to 
flank  the  hostile  bands  supposed  to  be  advancing  down  Grand  River. 
Accompanying  the  battalion  were  a  score  of  volunteers,  one  of  whom 
was  Gen.  A.  W.  Doniphan.  In  Clay,  Chariton  and  Howard,  the 
other  militia  organizations  were  directed  to  hold  themselves  in  readi- 
ness to  march  at  an  hour's  notice. 

These  preparations  were  reasonably  magnificent,  and,  doubtless, 
had  there  been  any  real  danger  would  have  averted  it  in  a  great 
measure,  but  when  Capts.  Sconce  and  Pollard  reached  the  white 
settlements  in  the  ' '  Forks ' '  they  found  the  people  about  their  usual 
vocations,  instead  of  lying  here  and  there  upon  the  groimd,  stiffened 
corpses,  mangled  and  scalped,  as  they  had  expected  to  find  them. 
Inquiry  revealed  the  fact  that  only  a  portion  of  the  settlers  in  that 
locality  had  even  heard  of  any  trouble.  Pushing  on  they  soon  came 
to  the  Indian  encampment,  and  found  its  inmates,  all  of  whom,  men, 
squaws  and  papooses,  did  not  number  more  than  100  soixls, 
perfectly  quiet  and  peaceable.  It  was  the  4th  of  July  and  a  hot  day. 
The  bucks  lay  in  the  shade  snoozing  the  time  away;  the  women  were 
about  their  ordinary  drudgery,  the  girls  were  weaving  baskets,  and 
the  boys  shaping  bows. 

To  say  the  Indians  were  amazed  at  the  sudden  appearance  of 
so  many  armed  and  mounted  white  men  does  not  well  express  their 
sensations  when  Sconce  and  Pollard  with  their  men  rode  upon  them. 
They  were  members  of  Old  Mahaska's  band  of  lowas,  and  it  is  said 
that  Mahaska  ("  'White  Cloud")  himself  was  with  them.  They  were 
extremely  friendly  to  the  whites  on  all  occasions.    Now,  as  fast  as  their 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  393 

limber  tongnes  could  talk,  they  explained  that  they  had   harmed  no 

one,  but  some  "d n  hoss  tiefs,  much   d n  hoss  tiefs!"      The 

incident  of  the  horse  stealing  and  the  pm-suit  were  related  fairly, 
and  it  was  pointed  out  that  ever  since  they  had  been  compelled  to 
keep  watch  over  their  ponies  as  they  grazed  by  day,  and  to  tether  them 
securely  at  night.  That  they  were  all  good  Indians,  ' '  much  good 
Injun,"  they  protested  vehemently.  The  great  "sell"  was  appar- 
ent. "Why  didn't  you  follow  up  the  scoundrels,  and  kill  and 
scalp  the  last  one  of  them  ?' '  asked  Capt.  Sconce  wrathfully.  Word 
was  sent  back  to  the  approaching  column  under  Col.  Parks,  and  it 
was  stopped.  Gen.  Thompson  and  some  other  officers  came  up  and 
interviewed  the  Indians,  and  learned  the  truth,  which  had  begun  to 
dawn  upon  them  when  they  reached  the  white  settlements.  The 
Clay  County  battalion  came  up,  crossed  Thompson's  Fork  of  Grand 
River,  and  encamped  one  Sunday  on  its  banks.  After  a  thorough 
examination  and  investigation  of  the  situation  and  the  circumstances, 
Gen.  Thompson  and  his  associates  became  perfectly  satisfied  that  the 
Indians  were  completely  innocent  of  the  offenses  alleged  against 
them,  and  that  they  had  been  preyed  upon  by  the  Heatherly  gang  as 
has  been  described.  After  a  brief  consultation  the  officers  returned 
their  men  to  their  homes,  disbanded  them  and  the  ' '  war ' '  was  over. 
The  stampeded  pioneers  soon  returned  to  their  homes,  and  the  recon- 
struction period  did  not  last  more  than  a  week.  The  expedition  of 
Gen.   Thompson  cost  the  State  $4,000.* 

Apprehension  of  the  Heatherhjs. — The  crime  of  the  murder  of 
James  Dunbar,  imputed  to  the  Indians,  was  now  traced  directly 
to  the  Heatherlys.  A  warrant  for  their  arrest  was  issued,  and 
on  July  17,  1836,  Lewis  N.  Eeese,  sheriff  of  Carroll  County,  with 
a  strong  posse,  apprehended  them.  Alfi-ed  Hawkins  was  captured 
at  night  as  he  lay  sleeping  in  an  abandoned  cabin.  Their  prelim- 
inary examination  came  off  before  Squire  Jesse  Newlin,  who  then 
lived  at  Navetown,  now  Spring  Hill,  Livingston  County.  As  Liv- 
ingston, Grundy  and  Mercer  Counties  had  not  then  been  created, 
all  of  the  territory  now  included  within  their  several  boundaries 
was  within  the  limits  of  Carroll  County.  The  examination  attract- 
ed great  attention,  and  lasted  several  days.  The  accused  were 
ordered  to  be  committed  to  jail  to  await  the  action  of  the  next  grand 
jury  of  Carroll  County.  As  there  was  no  suificient  jail  at  Carrollton, 
they  were,  on  the  27th  of  July,  given  into  the  custody  of  the  sheriff 
of  Eay  County,  and  placed  in  jail  at  Richmond,  but  in  a  few  days  old 

*See  ActB  Xll,    General  ABsembly,  page  90. 
25 


394  HISTORY    OF    MEECER    COUNT?. 

George  Heatherly,  his  wife  and  their  daughter  Ann,  were  released 
on  bail.  In  October  all  the  parties  in  obedience  to  a  writ  of  habeas 
corpus  were  brought  before  Judge  John  F.  Ryland  (afterward  of  the 
supreme  court)  at  Carrollton,  but  almost  immediately  returned  to  the 
custody  of  the  sheriff.  The  Heatherlys  had  money,  and  retained  able 
counsel  to  defend  them.  The  gi-and  jury  retiu-ned  indictments  against 
the  Heatherlj's,  and  a  separate  bill  against  Alfi-ed  Hawkins.  In 
March,  1837,  George  Heatherly  was  tried  and  acquitted.  The  other 
members  of  the  family  were  sent  to  the  La  Fayette  County  jail,  and 
Hawkins  to  Chariton  County. 

It  became  apparent  to  the  circuit  attorney,  Hon.  Thomas  C. 
Burch,  that  no  conviction  could  be  had  of. the  Heatherlys,  nor  of  Haw. 
kins,  unless  some  of  his  fellow  criminals  would  testify  against  him, 
and  at  Carrollton,  in  July,  1837,  before  Judge  Austin  A.  King,  a  nolle 
prosequi  was  entered  in  the  ease  against  the  Heatherlys,  and  they 
were  discharged.  Mr.  Burch  had  been  of  counsel  for  the  accused  in 
their  preliminary  examination,  and  his  action  was  severely  commented 
upon.  Alfred  Hawkins  was  placed  on  trial,  and  the  Heatherlys  now 
testified  against  him.  He  was  ably  defended  by  his  counsel,  who 
induced  some  of  the  jury  to  believe  that  the  Heatherlys  themselves 
were  the  guilty  parties,  and  the  result  was  a  mis-trial,  or  disagree- 
ment of  the  jury.  At  the  November  term  following  Hawkins  was 
again  put  upon  trial  at  Carrollton.  The  Heatherlys  were  present,  and 
testified  more  strongly  than  before,  and  this  time  he  was  convicted  of 
murder  in  the  first  degree,  and  sentenced  to  death.  He  had  no  money, 
and  could  take  no  appeal,  but  Gov.  Boggs  commuted  his  sentence  to 
twenty  years  in  the  penitentiary,  whither  he  was  taken,  and  where  he 
died  after  having  served  but  two  years  of  his  term.  It  is  said  that  to 
some  of  his  fellow  convicts  he  confessed  that  his  real  name  was  not 
Hawkins,  but  that  he  belonged  to  a  reputable  family  in  Tennessee, 
and  that  his  half-brother  was  a  congressman. 

Old  ' '  Fort  Heatherly ' '  was  either  burned  or  rotted  down  many 
years  ago,  and  its  existence  is  now  forgotten,  except  by  a  few  of  the 
earliest  pioneers.  Those  who  do  remember  it  locate  it  in  the  extreme 
southern  part  of  Medicine  Township.  Its  inmates  are  said  to  have 
moved  first  to  the  Platte  Purchase,  and  subsequently  to  Oregon. 

The  Indians.  — Indians  continued  to  visit  the  country  along  Grand 
Biver  and  its  tributaries  until  1842,  when  they  were  removed  farther 
west  by  the  Government.  They  belonged  to  the  Fort  Des  Moines 
agency.  They  usually  came  in  the  fall,  and  camped  along  the  streams 
wherever  they  could  find  sufficient  pasturage  for  their  droves  of  ponies. 


STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  395 

They  spent  tlieir  time  in  hunting,  fishing  and  trapping  and  in  raising 
horses.  The  furs  and  skins  which  they  took  were  generally  sold  at 
St.  Joseph,  and  almost  the  only  cash  that  came  into  the  country  came 
through  these  Indians.  They  were  always  peaceably  inclined,  rarely 
giving  any  trouble,  except  when  under  the  influence  of  ' '  fire  water. ' ' 

The  First  Settler  and  Others. — The  honor  of  making  the  first 
permanent  settlement  in  Mercer  County  belongs  to  James  Par- 
sons, who  recently  died  full  of  years,  and  most  highly  respected 
by  all  who  knew  him.  He  came  to  the  county  in  the  fall  of  1837, 
and  erected  a  cabin  upon  the  farm  where  he  continued  to  reside 
until  his  death.  He  was  a  native  of  Tennessee,  and  of  humble 
origin.  An  orphan  without  friends  and  without  means,  at  the  age 
of  seventeen  years  he  came  to  Illinois,  where  he  remained  for  a 
few  years,  acquiring  such  an  education  as  could  be  obtained  in  the 
common  schools  of  that  day.  With  the  small  means  saved  from 
his  wages  as  a  farm  hand,  he  came  to  Mercer  County,  selected  the 
site  for  his  future  home,  and  having  made  a  small  improvement  went 
back  to  Illinois  to  spend  the  winter.  Upon  his  return  the  following 
spring  he  found  two  or  three  other  settlers  in  what  is  now  the 
southern  part  of  the  county.  One  of  these,  Samuel  Loe,  had  come 
very  soon  after  his  first  arrival,  and  located  near  a  large  spring,  about 
two  miles  south  of  the  firesent  town  of  Mill  Grove,  upon  the  farm 
now  owned  by  Smith.  He  occupied  a  house  which  had  been  built  in 
the  spring  of  1837  by  a  squatter  named  Thomas  Brown.  He  con- 
tinued to  reside  there  for  a  short  time,  after  which  he  removed  to  the 
place  where  he  has  since  lived.  He  is  now  an  old  man  infirm  in  body, 
but  of  sound  mind. 

Some  time  about  1835,  James  Weldon  came  to  Grundy  County, 
and  located  near  East  Fork  of  Grand  River,  not  far  from  the  Mercer 
County  line.  He  at  once  devoted  his  energies  to  opening  a  farm. 
Three  years  later  he  had  made  a  considerable  improvement,  and  had 
grown  quite  a  large  amount  of  stock.  He  then,  in  the  winter  of  1838, 
sold  his  claim,  together  with  his  improvements  and  stock,  to  a  company 
of  Mormons  for  |3, 300,  and  moved  northward  into  Mercer  County,  lo- 
cating on  Section  8,  of  Township  64,  Range  24. 

During  the  same  year  Reuben  Hatfield,  who  had  located  on  Grand 
River,  in  Grundy  County,  in  1836,  removed  to  what  is  now  the 
extreme  south  part  of  Madison  Township.  His  son,  Joseph  Hatfield, 
located  near  by  in  Grundy  County,  but  afterward  moved  into  Mercer, 
and  his  house  became  the  voting  place  for  Scott  Township. 

Calvin   and   Marcellus   Renfi-o  also  came  to  the  county  in  1838. 


396  HISTORY    OF    MEECEK    COUNTY. 

They  had  emigrated  from  Knox  County,  Ky. ,  two  years  before, 
and  located  in  Ray  County,  Mo.  On  coming  to  Mercer  County, 
Calvin  located  one  and  one-half  miles  northwest  of  Modena,  on  the 
farm  now  owned  by  David  Home.  Marcellus  settled  about  three - 
fourths  of  a  mile  south  of  his  present  residence.  Samuel  Chestnut,  a 
brother-in-law  of  the  Kenfros,  located  at  about  the  same  time  two  and 
one-half  miles  southwest  of  Modena. 

In  1839  witnessed  the  advent  of  several  more  families  into  the 
county.  Among  them  were  Joseph  Prichard  and  his  two  sons,  Jack- 
son and  George,  Joseph  Girdner,  James  Girdner,  William  J.  Girdner, 
James  Logan,  Joseph  and  Martin  Moss,  and  a  Mr.  Davis.  They 
emigrated  from  Knox  County,  Ky.,  in  the  spring  of  1838,  and 
located  at  first  at  Chillicothe,  Mo.  Shortly  after  they  came  to 
Mercer  County,  located  claims,  made  some  improvements,  and 
returned  for  their  families.  Prichard  settled  upon  the  farm  now  occu- 
pied by  his  son  Jackson;  Joseph  Moss,  on  the  farm  where  he  still 
resides,  and  Joseph  Girdner,  about  three  miles  northeast  of  Princeton. 
Dui'ing  the  same  year  James  Heriford  and  John  C.  Griffin  settled 
about  two  miles  south  of  Princeton.  The  latter  soon  relinquished 
agricultural  pursuits  for  the  practice  of  law,  in  which  he  rose  to  dis- 
tinction. Peter  Cain,  who  was  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  the  county 
for  many  years,  also  came  in  1839.  ,  He  located  in  what  is  now  Har- 
rison Township.  The  population  of  the  county  was  still  further 
increased  in  the  fall  of  1839  by  the  arrival  of  three  families  from  Prince 
Edward  County,  Va.  They  were  those  of  Royal  Williams,  Ben- 
jamin D.  Thaxton  and  Richard  Williams,  all  of  whom  located  in  the 
vicinity  of  old  Middleburg.  The  remaining  persons  known  to  have 
located  claims  in  1839  are  Joseph  Sallee,  John  Reeves,  Seabert  Rhea, 
William  Perkins,  Alfred  Hickman,  Jackson  Williams,  Thomas  Everett, 
Charles  Thompson,  John  Dunkerson,  John  D.  and  H.  P.  Sullivan, 
Lafayette  Berry,  A.  E.  Keith,  John  Hart,  Andrew  J.  Williams, 
Stephen  F.  Rhea,  William  Miller,  Abiel  Miles,  Archibald  Smith, 
Archibald  Hamilton,  Isaac  Van  Dine,  Jonathan  Booth,  Samuel  Brown, 
Jesse  Newlin,  John  Hays,  William  Reed,  John  B.  and  James  W.  Gib- 
son, Lewis  Franklin,  John  D.  Locke. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  1839  there  were  probably  not  more  than 
forty  families  within  the  limits  of  what  is  now  Mercer  County,  and  the 
settlements  were  confined  to  a  strip  through  the  central  part,  except  a 
few  which  had  been  made  in  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Madison 
and  Harrison  Townships. 

The  account  of  the  subsequent  settlement  of  the  county,  for  con- 
venience, is  given  by  townships. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  397 

Settlement  of  Washington  Toivnship. — Washington  Township, 
from  the  character  of  its  surface  and  its  situation,  was  one  of  the 
first  to  be  settled.  Among  the  pioneers,  besides  those  ah-eady 
mentioned,  were  John  Vinson,  Harrison  Weldon,  Thomas  Thomp- 
son, John  Logan,  John  G.  Ellis,  William  W.  Ellis,  S.  D.  Cui-tis, 
Charles  Ewing,  Lewis  Gibson,  John  Loe,  Thomas  Brown,  Will- 
iam Campbell  and  William  Ballew.  The  last  named  came  with 
his  family  fi'om  Morgan  County,  Ind.,  in  1840.  He  had  five 
sons:  Thomas,  Richard  B.,  Robert,  Squire  and  William  B.,  all  of 
whom  became  prominent  citizens  of  the  county.  The  first  two 
and  the  last  named  are  still  living.  The  second  grist  mill  in  the 
county  was  erected  in  this  township  on  East  Fork  of  Grand  River, 
opposite  the  present  town  of  Mill  Grove.  It  was  built  by  Thomas 
Brown  in  1841.  Among  others  who  located  in  Washington  Town- 
ship prior  to  1857  were  the  following:  H.  H.  Bowers,  James  M. 
and  William  T.  Lewallen,  Joseph  Brantley,  J.  W^  Calvin,  William 
Barnes,  Moses  Lowell,  Andi-ew  Kilgore,  Henry  Price,  John  H.  Baker, 
G.  W.  Rose,  Abram  Cox,  Thomas  R.  Stafford,  Thomas  C,  David, 
Henry  and  James  C.  Coon,  James  Norcross,  Thomas  and  John  Patton, 
James  Wood,  Samuel  Ewing  and  Enos  B.  Barrett. 

Settlement  of  Morgan  Tovmship. — Morgan  Township,  being  in 
the  center  of  the  county,  and  containing  the  county  seat,  pre- 
sented especial  attractions  to  the  early  settlers.  Of  those  who 
located  within  its  present  limits,  between  1840  and  1850,  were  Floyd 
Shannon  and  his  two  brothers,  Reese  and  Russell,  William  and 
Jesse  Miller,  William  Arbuckle,  John  R.  McClelland,  M.  H.  Pre- 
witt,  William  Constable,  David  Farley  and  his  sons,  Benjamin  and 
C.  P.,  Israel  Nordyke,  Isaac  J.  Cast,  Samuel  Prewitt,  Willis  and 
George  Moore,  James  Dykes,  Zachariah  Worley,  Caleb  and  Ciswell 
Brummitt,  Thomas  and  Greene  Wilson,  and  Ambrose  Day.  The 
Shannons  opened  one  of  the  first  stores  in  the  county  in  1844,  in  a 
small  log  house,  about  three  miles  west  of  Princeton.  Russell  Shan- 
non died  in  1846,  and  the  partnership  between  Floyd  and  Reese  was 
then  dissolved,  the  former  removing  to  Princeton. 

William  and  Jesse  Miller  built  a  mill  on  East  Fork  of  Grand  River 
in  1842,  a  short  distance  above  where  Anderson's  mill  now  is.  A 
little  cluster  of  houses  and  shops  that  sprang  up  on  the  west  side  of  the 
river  in  the  vicinity  of  this  mill  was  named  Moscow,  and  when  the  seat 
of  justice  for  Mercer  County  came  to  be  located  this  place  was  strong- 
ly argued  as  an  eligible  site.  Dr.  Mangel  was  a  leading  citizen  of 
this  place.     The  mill  built  by  Miller  Bros,  afterward  passed  into  the 


398  HISTORY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

hands  of  William  Constable,  who  owned  and  operated  it  until  his 
death.  It  then  fell  into  disuse,  and  was  finally  washed  away  by  a 
flood.  A  saw  and  grist  mill,  the  first  in  the  county,  was  also  built 
about  1839,  by  Jesse  Newlin,  who  sold  it  to  William  Kelsey.  He 
continued  to  run  it  for  several  years.  It  was  situated  on  East  Fork 
of  Grand  River,  about  two  and  one- half  miles  south  of  Princeton.  A 
store  was  opened  near  this  place  soon  after  by  John  C.  Grilfin. 

Settlement  of  Marion  Toimiship.  — Marion  Township  lies  on  both 
sides  of  Grand  Fork  of  Grand  River,  and  being  mostly  covered  with 
timber  it  was  settled  several  years  before  the  territory  on  either  side 
of  it.  Among  its  earliest  settlers  were  James  Clark,  Joseph  Sullivan, 
D.  L.  Berry,  Greene  W.  Laughlin,  A.  M.  Clements,  J.  P.  and  Solo- 
mon Litton,  S.  H.  Porter,  James  M.  Newlin,  Peter  Alley  and  his  sons 
William  and  James,  Benjamin  Sullivan,  James  H.  Brown,  Thomas  Al- 
ley, H.  G.  Alley,  John  M.  Quails,  and  a  man  by  the  name  of  Carmine. 

Joseph  Sullivan  emigrated  from  Whitley  County,  Ky.,  in  1840, 
and  located  two  miles  east  and  half  a  mile  south  of  Lineville.  At 
about  the  same  time  Greene  W.  Laughlin  also  located  near  the  State 
line.  He  was  a  slave  owner,  and  a  man  of  considerable  prominence. 
He  was  the  first  clerk  of  the  county  court,  but  died  before  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term  of  office  in  1848.  James  Clark  and  Benjamin  Sulli- 
van lived  near  where  Marion  Station  now  is.  The  land  on  the  Mis- 
souri side  of  the  State  line  opposite  Lineville  was  entered  by  T.  H.  P. 
Duncan,  who  built  a  small  log  house,  which  now  forms  a  part  of  the 
hotel  known  as  the  Duncan  House.  An  amusing  incident  is  told  of 
the  way  in  which  Duncan  took  advantage  of  his  position  to  bafBe  the 
revenue  collectors  of  both  Iowa  and  Missouri.  Upon  the  surveying  of 
the  State  line  in  1851  one  Fortner  built  a  store  near  the  line.  Dun- 
can purchased  this  building,  and  turned  it  around  so  that  one  end  was 
in  Missouri  and  the  other  in  Iowa.  At  that  time  Iowa  levied  a  heavy 
tax  upon  the  sale  of  whisky,  but  none  upon  the  sale  of  merchandise, 
while  Missouri,  on  the  other  hand,  practically  had  free  whisky,  but 
levied  a  considerable  tax  upon  merchandise.  Duncan,  therefore,  sold 
his  whisky  in  the  Missouri  end  of  his  store,  and  his  dry  goods,  gro- 
ceries, etc. ,  in  the  Iowa  side,  and  thus  successfully  claimed  exemption 
from  taxation. 

Among  those  who  located  in  Marion  Township  in  the  early  part  of 
the  fifties  were  T.  C.  and  J.  G.  Earley,  John  Snyder,  William  Sears, 
John  Cunningham,  John  T.  Porter,  Isaac  J.  Duree,  James  Lawson, 
Samuel  and  Benjamin  Strong,  J.  H.  Combs,  Aaron  Wells,  William 
Brown,   Henry  Williams,   Wesley  McPorter,   Henry  Coleman,    P.  C. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  399 

Brown,  Thomas  H.  Bryan,  J.  E.  Sears,  L.  C.  Laughlin,  John  Mcin- 
tosh, John  Shaffer,  Isaac  F.  Sexton,  William  Argo  and  Wilson  Snydor. 

Madison  Toxvnship  Pioneers.  — The  settlement  of  what  is  now  Mad- 
ison Township  was  begun  in  1838  when  Reuben  Hatfield  and  the 
Renfros  located  within  its  borders.  It  contains  a  fine  body  of  land, 
and  to  the  early  pioneer  was  one  of  the  most  attractive  portions  of  the 
county. 

Several  of  the  first  settlers  of  this  township  have  been  mentioned. 
Among  the  others  of  a  little  later  date  were  Abraham  Butcher,  John 
H.  Thogmartin,  Thomas  McDowell,  John  Mahaffy,  John  Vanderpool, 
Elisha  Vanderpool,  Joel  Smith,  Robert  Thogmartin,  Floyd  Miles,  B. 
F.  Clark,  J.  W.  Speery,  Dr.  W.  Vanderpool,  William  Miles,  H.  C. 
Hamilton  and  Robert  Williams. 

First  Residents  of  Harrison  Township. — Harrison  Township  was 
the  site  of  the  first  settlement  in  the  county,  James  Parsons  hav- 
ing located  between  Goshen  Prairie  and  Thompson's  Fork  of  Grand 
River.  John  Hart,  James  Perkins,  Andrew  J.  WiUiams,  Peter  Cain 
and  Joseph  Prichard  also  found  homes  in  this  township,  which,  prior 
to  the  organization  of  the  county,  formed  a  part  of  Lafayette  Town- 
ship. Among  those  who  located  in  this  territory  during  the  decade  of 
the  forties  were  E.  B.  Slover,  Peter  Hart,  Morgan  Hart,  John 
Reeves,  J.  M.  Nichols,  Jonathan  Wolf,  Andrew  Clark,  Eli  Rubert,  L. 
N.  Constable  and  S.  Shaffer. 

Pioneers  of  Lindley  Township.  — Lindley  was  not  settled  so  early  as 
Harrison,  little  land  having  been  entered  prior  to  1850.  This  was  un- 
doubtedly owing  largely  to  its  position.  Among  the  pioneers  of  this 
township  were  James  Dykes,  E.  G.  Wiggins,  Rankin  McClaren,  Jesse 
Constable,  Thomas  Scott,  William  Goin,  Martin  Goin,  Charles,  Yates, 
Mason  Foxworthy,  Kirby  McGrew,  Abraham  Constable,  Joseph  M. 
Sallee,  Jacob  Horner,  Granville  Watson,  William  Snook,  John  S. 
Wilson,  Enoch  L.  Foxworthy,  Benjamin  Cox. 

Settlement  of  Medicine  Township. — Medicine  Township  contains 
rough  land,  and  was  not  settled  so  early  as  the  other  townships  bor- 
dering on  the  south  line.  The  earliest  permanent  settlement  within 
its  limits  of  which  any  record  could  be  found  was  made  by  John  V. 
Barnes,  who  came  from  Pennsylvania  about  1844,  and  located  on 
Honey  Creek,  two  miles  northwest  of  Half  Rock.  William  Keith  also 
settled  near  the  same  place  at  a  little  later  date.  Daniel  B.  Ehoads 
was  also  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers.  The  township,  however,  was 
mainly  settled  from  1850  to  1856..  Of  those  who  came  during  that 
time  mav  be  mentioned  Adam  Hunter,   J.  H.  Bly,   James  W.  Rice, 


400  HISTORY    OF    MEECEK    COUXTY. 

Juhn  H.  Snapp,  James  Brittian,  Aaron  Wright,  George  Brittian, 
Silas  Cooper,  Vincent  Cooksey,  James  Martin,  William  and  Eansom 
Coop,  William  S.  Smith,  James  Swopes,  Amos  S.  Baisley,  Andrew 
Thomas,  Andrew  Selsor,  Cyrus  Jones,  Levi  Holt,  William  A.  Stone, 
John  Scott,  Robert  M.  Sowder,  A.  W.  Harris,  Jacob  and  James  Kep- 
ple,  Robert  S.  Stout,  R.  G.  Miller,  Russell  Newman,  William  Burris, 
Thomas  Cooper,  J.  S.  Harraman,  Jonathan  Byres,  William  Brantley, 
John  Bryant,  C.  Hopper,  Joseph  Rich,  John  Evans,  John  Michael 
and  Thomas  Ehoads. 

Settlement  of  Eavanna  Township. — Kavanna  Township  was  one  of 
the  last  settled.  It  consists  chiefly  of  prairie  land,  and  was  consequently 
shunned  by  the  first  settlers,  although  no  more  fertile  section  can  be 
found  in  Northern  Missouri.  Probably  the  first  settler  in  Ravanna 
Township  was  a  man  named  James  Morgan,  who  was  rather  a  squat- 
ter than  a  settler.  He  carried  on  a  sort  of  illicit  trade  in  whisky  with 
the  Indians,  and  his  place  was  naturally  a  rendezvous  for  that  rough 
element  which  hovered  around  the  frontier  communities.  He  lived 
four  miles  south  of  Eavanna,  where  he  located  in  the  spring  of  1840. 
He  remained  but  three  or  four  years.  Among  the  first  permanent 
settlers  in  the  township  were  Jeptba  Wood,  William  Pickett,  Hiram 
Pickett,  Arkelson  Keith,  Fleming  and  Solomon  Tollerday,  John  M. 
Smith,  Joseph  G.  Collings  and  Spencer  CoUings,  all  of  whom  came 
prior  to  1850.  During  the  next  five  or  six  years  the  settlement  went 
on  very  rapidly.  The  following  persons  located  in  the  township  dur- 
ing that  time:  R.  R.  Stephens,  Thomas  D.  Hall,  E.  T.  Bull,  A.  J. 
Collings,  Dingee  Adams,  James  Trout,  William  H.  Hall,  David  A. 
Moore,  John  F.  Anderson,  James  R.  Gibson,  Campbell  R.  Summers, 
Samuel  Widuer,  William  H.  Harraman,  John  M.  Underwood,  J.  R. 
Yoakom,  S.  H.  Draper,  William  R.  McKinley,  Jacob  Loutzenhiser, 
Thomas  Underwood,  Samuel  Stockton,  Elbridge  Goddard,  Sylvester 
and  Absalom  Evans,  A.  C.  Lynch,  Jesse  Swan,  John  S.  Scott,  Elijah 
H.  Crawford. 

Somerset  Township  Settlements. — Settlements  were  made  here  as 
early  as  1839,  when  claims  were  located  by  H.  P.  and  John  D.  Sullivan, 
and  Alexander  Laughlin.  These  were  all  in  the  northwest  corner  of 
the  township.  The  remainder  was  not  settled  for  many  years.  In 
185-lr  a  colony  from  Richland  County,  111.,  located  in  the  southern 
part  of  this  township.  It  consisted  of  Samuel  R.  Loury,  his  sons 
Andrew,  David,  John,  and  S.  S.,  and  their  families,  and  several 
single  men.  At  that  time  the  country  was  suffering  from  a  severe 
drought.     All  water-mills  had  stopped  from  a  lack  of  water,  and  noth- 


I 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  401 

ing  was  running  except  a  few  small  horse-mills.  They  were  therefore 
compelled  to  go  to  Alexandria  for  flour.  No  road  had  then  been  laid 
out  fi-om  this  town  to  Princeton,  and  the  way  was  marked  only  by  a 
trail  across  the  open  prairie. 

Among  the  others  who  entered  land  in  this  township  during  the 
early  part  of  the  fifties  were  Peter  W.  Duree,  H.  P.  and  J.  W.  B. 
Cox,  Thomas  M.  Laughlin,  James  and  Eli  Stark,  A.  J.  Berry,  Will- 
iam Hendricks,  Isaac  Welch,  Elihu  Wakefield,  Jacob  and  James 
Bixler,  Philip  Sidner,  David  Warden,  David  Moore,  Aaron  Miller, 
Hardin  Irwin,  Charles  Cousins,  William  Spence,  William  Conklin, 
Pleasant  Hemy,  Samuel  Stockton,  Josiah  McClain,  Richard  Atkin- 
son, James  J.  Johnson,  John,  Hiram  and  William  Eoyse,  William 
Proctor,  J.  H.  and  L.  C.  Laughlin,  and  William  J.  Jennings. 

Population. — The  first  census  was  taken  in  1850,  at  which  time 
the  population  numbered  2,691.  During  the  next  decade  it  increased 
to  9,300,  and  in  1870  it  had  reached  11,577.  In  1880  it  was  14,673, 
and  is  now  about  16,000.  By  townships  the  population  in  1870  and 
1880  was  as  follows: 

1870.  1880. 

Harrison 914  1,258 

Lindley 1,519  1,695 

Madison 3,031  1,386 

Marion 1,006  1,531 

Medicine 939  1,315 

Morgan 2,107  3,857 

Ravanna 1,139  1,.573 

Somerset 1,114  1,133 

Washington 838  2,036 

Nativity. — The  nativity  of  the  population  in  1880  was  as  follows: 
Missouri,  8,173;  Illinois,  665;  Kentucky,  638;  Ohio,  1,124;  Tennessee, 
430;  Indiana,  1,303;  Virginia,  292;  Pennsylvania,  305;  New  York, 
174;  Iowa,  890;  British  America,  25;  England  and  Wales,  25;  Ireland, 
58;  Scotland,  12;  Germany,  32;  France,  2;  Scandinavia,  10;  and 
Bohemia,  14. 

OEGANIZATION. 

The  County  Formed  and  Organized. — February  8,  1839,  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  defined  the  limits  of  Grundy  County  as  follows:  Begin- 
ning at  the  northeast  corner  of  Livingston  County;  thence  north  with 
the  section  line  twenty-one  miles,  or  to  the  corner  of  .Sections  9,  10,  15 
and  16,  Township  63,  Range  22  west  of  the  fifth  principal  meridian; 
thence  west  along  the  line  dividing  Sections  9  and  16  to  the  range  line 
dividing  Ranges  25  and  26;  thence  south  with  said  range  line  to  the 


402  HISTORY   OF   MERCER   COUNTY. 

northwest  corner  of  Livingston  County;  thence  east  with  said  county 
line  to  the  place  of  beginning.  This  ten-itory  was  then  attached  to  Liv- 
ingston County  for  civil  and  militai-y  purposes,  and  so  continued  until 
1841,  when  the  county  of  Grundy  was  organized.  At  the  same  time 
it  was  enacted  that  all  the  territory  lying  north  of  it  should  be  attached 
to  it  for  civil  and  military  purposes,  provided  tii,at  the  citizens  living 
in  the  said  territory  should  not  be  entitled  to  vote  on  any  question 
concerning  the  location  of  the  county  seat  of  Griindy;  also,  that  those 
citizens  should  not  be  taxed  for  the  erection  of  county  buildings.  By 
Section  4  of  an  act  passed  February  22,  1843,  this  territory  was 
named  Mercer  County,  "in  honor  of  Gen.  Mercer,  of  Revolutionary 
fame."  It  was  not,  however,  until  1845  that  this  county  was  organ- 
ized. The  act  providing  for  the  organization  defined  the  boundaries 
of  the  county  as  follows :  ' '  Beginning  at  the  northeast  corner  of 
Grundy  County;  thence  due  north  to  the  northern  boundai-y  line  of 
the  State;  thence  due  west  twenty-one  miles;  thence  due  south  to  the 
northwest  corner  of  Grundy  County;  thence  east  with  the  said  county 
line  to  the  place  of  beginning. ' ' 

The  commissioners  appointed  to  locate  the  seat  of  justice  were 
George  Munro,  of  Livingston  County;  Robert  Wilson,  of  Daviess 
County;  and  Lewis  Taylor,  of  Linn  County,  who  were  ordered  to  meet 
at  the  house  of  Joseph  Girdner  on  the  first  Monday  in  November,  1845. 
The  first  county  court  was  held  at  the  same  place,  and  was  composed 
of  the  following  justices:  Robert  Magruder,  president;  John  Rock- 
hold  and  Asa  Campbell.  G.  W.  Laughlin  had  already  been  appointed 
clerk  of  the  court  by  the  Governor,  and  W.  J.  Girdner  had  been  simi- 
larly appointed  sheriff. 

The  first  public  work  undertaken  was  the  building  of  a  jail,  the 
superintendence  of  which  was  intrusted  to  Floyd  Shannon.  The 
contractor  was  Laban  Cui'tis,  and  the  principal  part  of  the  work  was 
done  by  some  Mormon  refugees,  who  had  come  to  the  covmty  about 
that  time.  It  was  a  log  buildinsr,  with  two  walls  buUt  about  a  foot 
apart,  the  space  between  being  filled  with  stone.  It  had  a  dungeon 
in  the  lower  part,  entered  through  a  trap  door  from  the  debtor's  room 
above.  It  stood  on  the  lot  now  occupied  by  the  dwelling  of  Mrs.  J.  C. 
"\V.  Lindsey.     Its  cost  was  $494. 

The  building  first  occupied  as  a  courthouse  was  a  small  log 
structure  which  had  been  erected  by  Samuel  Spears,  whose  claim  was 
purchased  as  a  site  for  the  seat  of  justice.  This  building  was  used 
until  May,  1847,  when  a  new  courthouse  was  completed.  The  latter 
was  a  new  log  structure,  about  twenty-four  feet  square,  two  stories 


STATE    OF    MISSODEI.  403 

high,  and  stood  on  the  corner  of  the  public  square  where  Speer  Bros. ' 
store  now  is. 

The  biiilding  of  briclges  also  early  demanded  the  attention-  of  the 
court,  and  in  1846  contracts  were  let  for  two  to  be  built  across  East 
Fork.  One  of  these  was  near  William  Kelsey's  mill,  and  the  other 
west  of  Princeton. 

Township  Formation  and  Organization. — Prior  to  the  organization 
of  Mercer  County  the  territory  therein  embraced  had  been  laid  off  into 
townships  by  Grundy  County,  but,  as  the  early  records  of  that  coiu-t  have 
been  lost, the  boundaries  are  not  definitely  known.  Lafayette  Township 
occupied  the  southwestern  part  of  the  county,  and  Scott  Township  the 
northwestern  part,  including  a  portion  of  what  is  now  Wayne  County, 
Iowa.  Clark  Township  lay  east  of  Scott,  and  the  territory  south  of 
this  is  thought  to  have  been  embraced  in  Franklin  Township,  which 
also  included  the  northeast  part  of  Grundy  County.  The  elections  in 
Lafayette  Townshij)  were  held  at  the  house  of  John  Hart,  who  lived 
near  where  Goshen  now  is.  In  Scott  Township,  they  were  held  at 
Allen  Scott' s ;  in  Clark  Township,  at  a  place  not  far  from  the  present 
town  of  Marion;  and  in  Franklin  Township,  at  the  house  of  David 
Ashbrook,  who  lived  south  of  what  was  afterward  the  town  of  Middle- 
bury.  Among  the  justices  of  the  fieace  elected  prior  to  the  creation 
of  the  county  were:  in  LafaJ^ette  Township,  Abiel  Miles,  William 
Miller,  William  Ballew,  John  McGimsey  and  Robert  Magruder;  in 
Scott  Township,  George  Wood,  Harrison  Weldon,  John  Dunkerson; 
in  Clark  Township,  John  Kockhold  and  Allen  M.  England;  and  in 
Franklin   Township,    William  P.  Fitzpatrick  and  William   Schooler. 

At  the  organization  of  the  county  it  was  divided  into  six  townships: 
Marion,  Morgan,  Harrison,  Washington,  Madison  and  Scott.  The 
last  named  lay  north  of  the  present  State  line,  and  was  consequently 
cut  off  in  1850.  The  justices  of  the  peace  chosen  at  the  first  election 
after  the  county  was  established  were  as  follows :  Marion  Township, 
James  L.  Cox,  Jonathan  Alley,  S.  H.  Porter  and  D.  W.  Baker;  Scott 
Township,  Daniel  Moore  and  Aaron  B.  Stanley;  Harrison  Township, 
Joseph  Moss;  Morgan  Township,  Willis  Burris;  Madison  Township, 
Jacob  Butcher;  Washington  Township,  William  P.  Fitzpatrick,  John 
Scooler  and  John  Logan.  In  May,  1848,  the  county  court  issued 
an  order  creating  a  new  township  by  the  name  of  Medicine,  with  the 
following  boundaries:  "  Beginning  at  the  south  line  of  Mercer  County 
where  the  divide  between  Muddy  and  Honey,  Creeks  crosses  said 
county  line;  thence  north  with  said  divide  to  the  south  line  of  Mor- 
gan   Township;    thence  east  to  the  county  line  of  Mercer."      Th» 


404  HISTOEY   OF   MERCEB   COUNTY. 

next  township  created  was  Lindley,  which  was  formed  in  1856,  and 
embraced  nearly  the  same  territory  as  at  the  present  time.  Somerset 
Township  was  established  the  following  year.  In  March,  1859,  Ra- 
vanna  Township  was  formed  with  the  following  boundaries:  "Com- 
mencing at  the  point  where  the  line  dividing  Townships  64  and  65 
intersects  the  Putnam  County  line;  thence  west  to  Muddy  Creek; 
thence  north  with  Muddy  Creek  to  the  line  dividing  Townships  65 
and  66;  thence  east  on  the  township  line  to  the  Putnam  County  line; 
thence  south  to  the  place  of  beginning. ' ' 

The  townships  were  little  more  than  election  precincts  until  1872, 
when  a  petition,  signed  by  122  citizens,  was  presented  to  the  county 
court,  asking  that  the  proposition  to  vote  on  township  organization  be 
submitted  to  the  voters  at  the  election  in  November  of  that  year. 
The  petition  was  granted,  and  the  proposition  was  carried  by  a  ma- 
jority of  976.  The  new  system  went  into  operation  soon  after.  Un- 
der it  the  townships  assessed  and  collected  the  revenue  raised  by  tax- 
ation within  their  own  ten'itory,  and  had  a  general  supervision  over 
public  highways,  smaller  bridges,  and  the  disbui'sement  of  the  town- 
ship and  school  moneys  within  their  respective  jurisdictions.  This 
system  had  its  enemies  as  well  as  its  advocates,  and  in  1877  the  former 
obtained  an  act  of  the  Legislature  abolishing  it.  The  townships  then 
returned  to  their  previous  condition. 

T/ie  State  Boundary  Question. — One  of  the  most  interesting 
subjects  connected  with  the  history  of  the  border  counties  is  that 
of  the  disputed  boundary  line  between  Missouri  and  Iowa.  From 
the  organization  of  the  territory  of  Iowa  until  1851  the  location 
of  its  southern  boundary  line  was  a  subject  of  dispute.  The  act 
of  Congress  of  March  6,  1820,  providing  for  the  formation  of  a 
State  government  by  the  people  of  Missouri  Territory,  described 
its  boundaries  as  follows:  "  Beginning  in  the  middle  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  on  the  parallel  of  36°  north  latitude;  thence  west 
along  that  parallel  to  the  St.  Francois  River,  thence  up  and  following 
the  course  of  that  river,  in  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  thereof,  to 
the  parallel  of  latitude  30°  30';  thence  west  along  the  same  to  a  point 
where  the  said  parallel  is  intersected  bj'  a  meridian  line  passing  through 
the  mouth  of  the  Kansas  River  where  the  same  intersects  the  Missouri 
River ;  thence  from  the  point  aforesaid,  north  along  the  said  meridian 
line  to  the  intersection  of  the  parallel  of  latitude  which  passes  through 
the  raj)ids  of  the  River  Des  Moines;  making  the  said  line  to  coiTespond 
with  the  Indian  boundary  line;  thence  east  from  the  point  of  intersec- 
tion last  aforesaid  along  the  said  parallel  of  latitude  to  the  middle  of  the 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  405 

channel  of  the  main  fork  of  the  said  Kiver  Des  Moines ;  thence  down 
and  along  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  of  the  said  River  Des 
Moines  to  the  mouth  of  the  same  where  it  empties  into  the  Mississippi 
River;  thence  due  east  to  the  middle  of  the  main  channel  thereof; 
thence  south  along  the  middle  of  the  said  channel  to  the  place  of 
beginning. ' ' 

In  1837,  in  accordance  with  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of  Missouri, 
a  survey  of  the  northern  boundary  line  was  made  by  commissioners  on 
behalf  of  the  State,  who  located  it  on  the  parallel  of  40°  44'  6' ', 
north  latitude.  But  this  line  did  not  coincide  with  the  Indian  bound- 
ary line.  The  commissioners  asserted  that  the  line  described  was  an 
impossible  one,  for  the  reason  that  the  parallel  passing  through  what 
they  contended  was  the  rapids  in  the  Des  Moines  River,  would  not  co- 
incide with  the  Indian  boundary  line.  They  therefore  located  it  upon 
the  parallel  passing  through  the  rapids,  disregarding  the  Indian 
boundary  line. 

The  line  as  subsequently  run  by  commissioners  on  behalf  of  Iowa 
was  made  to  correspond  with  the  Indian  boundary  line.  The  territory 
in  dispute  was  a  little  over  eight  miles  in  width  at  the  east  end  and 
eleven  miles  in  width  at  the  west  end.  Over  this  territory  both  States 
claimed  jurisdiction,  and  in  some  of  the  eastern  border  counties  the 
conflict  of  authority  produced  open  war.  The  territory  north  of  Mer- 
cer County  was  very  sparsely  settled  prior  to  the  final  location  of  the 
line,  and  nothing  of  a  serious  nature  resulted.  The  people  in  the  dis- 
puted territory  participated  in  the  elections  in  Mercer  County,  but  no 
taxes  were  collected  there.  Lists  of  the  taxable  property  and  the 
amount  of  the  taxes  were  made  out  and  filed  away  each  year,  so  that 
had  the  territory  been  finally  decreed  to  belong  to  Missouri,  the  delin- 
quent taxes  could  have  been  collected.  H.  B.  Duncan,  who  lived  on 
the  debatable  land,  in  1848-50  represented  Mercer  County  in  the 
Legislature  of  Missouri,  and  a  few  years  later,  without  changing  loca- 
tion, was  elected  a  member  of  the  Iowa  Legislatui-e.  The  question 
in  dispute  at  last  went  to  the  United  States  Supreme  Com-t,  where  it 
was  definitely  settled,  and  in  1851  the  line  was  surveyed  and  the 
boundary  marked  by  iron  posts  set  ten  miles  apart. 

Elections. — Since  its  organization  Mercer  County,  politically,  has 
been  evenly  balanced  between  the  two  leading  parties.  The  first  reg- 
Tilar  political  campaign  of  the  county  was  made  in  1844,  when  Dr. 
Livingston  ' '  stumped ' '  the  county  for  the  Whigs  and  John  C.  Griffin 
for  the  Democrats.  The  result  of  that  election  could  not  be  ascer- 
tained.    In  1848,  at  the  first  presidential  election  after  the  organiza- 


406 


HISTOKT    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 


tion  of  the  county,  the  following  judges  of  election  were  appointed: 
For  Marion  Township — D.  W.  Baker,  S.  Litton  and  William  Alley; 
for  Morgan  Township — Isaac  J.  Cast,  David  Colyer  and  William  N. 
Lindsey;  for  Washington  Township — Thomas  Everett,  William 
Thomas  and  Harvey  Belcher;  for  Han-ison  Township — J.  M.  Nichols, 
William  Chambers  and  Reese  Shannon;  for  Scott  Township — Reuben 
Hatfield,  Daniel  Moore  and  William  Hamilton;  for  Madison  Town- 
ship—  Thomas    Ballew,    Samuel    Chestnut    and    Henry   M' ; 

for  Medicine  Township — John  Barnes,  Willoughby  Keith  and  Levi 
Holt.  The  voting  places  were  as  follows:  In  Mai'ion  Township,  at 
the  house  of  A.  M.  Clements;  in  Morgan  Township,  at  the  court- 
house in  Princeton;  in  Washington  Township,  at  the  house  of  Thomas 
Everett;  in  Hamson  Township  at  the  house  of  John  Hart;  in  Scott 
Township,  at  the  house  of  Reuben  Hatfield;  in  Madison  Township,  at 
the  house  of  Joseph  Hatfield;  in  Medicine  Township,  at  the  house  of 
John  Barnes.  This  election  resulted  in  a  tie  between  the  Whig  and 
Democratic  electors,  each  receiving  187  votes.  The  best  knowledge 
now  attainable  of  the  political  changes  of  the  county  can  be  obtained 
by  noting  the  party  affiliations  of  the  representatives  to  the  Legisla- 
ture from  Mercer  County  as  given  elsewhere.  The  campaign  of 
1860  was  an  exciting  one.  At  the  election  Douglas  carried  the  county 
by  a  plurality,  but  Bell  and  Everett  received  a  fair  vote.  Only  seven- 
teen votes  were  cast  for  Lincoln.  Four  years  later  he  received 
the  almost  unanimous  vote  of  the  county,  only  two  votes  being  cast 
against  him. 

Beginning  with  1874,  the  vote  by  townships  has  since  been  as  fol- 
lows: 

1874. 

Republican,    Democratic. 

Medicine 60  28 

Ravanna 126  55 

Somerset 70  51 

Marion 36  56 

Morgan  141  119 

Washington 137  35 

Madison 108  16 

Harrison 98  40 

Lindley 118  17 

Total 894  417 

1876. 

Republican.  Democratic. 

Medicine 113  95 

Ravanna 187  109 

Somerset 115  81 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI. 


407 


1876. 

Eepublican.    Democrat. 

Marion 109  113 

Morgan 279  207 

Washington 272  67 

Madison 171  77 

Harrison 100  95 

Lindley 156  11.5 

Total 1,501  959 

1878. 

Republican.  Democratic. 

Medicine • 101  75 

Ravanna 120  83 

Somerset 75  53 

Marion 85  87 

Morgan 269  177 

Wasliington 204  49 

Madison 119  37 

Harrison 72  61 

Lindley 55  49 

Total ■ 1,100  621 

1880. 

Bepublican.    Democratic. 

Medicine 121  82 

Ravanna 178  117 

Somerset 110  85 

Marion ; 151  122 

Morgan 324  234 

Washington 267  86 

Madison 139  65 

Harrison 118  95 

Lindley 155  112 

Total 1,563  998 

1882. 

Republican.    Democratic. 

Medicine 133  84 

Ravanna  214  76 

Somerset 117  72 

Marion 161  92 

Morgan 338  248 

Washington 219  64 

Madison 151  70 

Harrison 95  89 

Lindley 117  105 

Total 1,545  900 


408  HISTORY    OF    MERCEE    COUNTY. 

1884. 

Sepublican.  Democratic. 

Medicine 158  92 

Ravanna 213  94 

Somerset 129  74 

Marion 183  104 

Morgan   381  207 

■Washington 281  78 

Madison 175  74 

Harrison  134  109 

Lindley 159  138 

Total 1,813  965 

1886. 

Republican.    Democratic. 

Medicine 142  74 

Ravanna 191  113 

Somerset 110  74 

Marion 172  95 

Morgan 354  207 

Washington 227  54 

Madison 164  78 

Harrison 132  94 

Lindley 132  131 

Total 1,624  920 

Finances.  — The  financial  affairs  of  Mercer  County  have,  as  a  rule, 
been  wisely  and  economically  administered.  While  in  the  first  years 
the  revenues  were  very  meager  the  expenditures  were  correspondingly 
small.  In  1846  the  tax  collected  amounted  to  S414. 30.  In  1860 
the  collections  from  all  soui'ces  amounted  to  $7,155.97,  of  which 
$5,677.37  came  from  the  tax  upon  property.  The  expenditures  for 
the  same  year  amounted  to  $7,792.38.  In  1865  the  receipts  were 
$8,108.31,  and  the  expenditures  $5,783.50.  Up  to  this  time  the 
county  had  incurred  no  bonded  indebtedness,  and  had  but  a  small 
amount  of  outstanding  warrants. 

Railroad  Bonds  and  StocA;.— In  1866  the  county  couii  decided  to 
submit  to  the  qualified  voters  of  the  county  the  proposition  to  subscribe 
$200,000  stock  in  the  Chillicothe  &  Des  Moines  City  Railroad.  This 
election  was  held  on  the  6th  of  November,  with  the  following  result: 

Yes.  Xo.    Scratched  Votes. 

Somerset 7  64  13 

Ravanna  107  3  23 

Medicine 38  51  12 

Washington    73  2  4 

Morgan 235  5  15 

Marion 29  88  17 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  409 

Yes.  Xo.  Scratched  Votes. 

Lindley 108  17             7 

Harrison 75  7              6 

Madison ...  165  6           13 

Total 837      193  109 

As  soon  as  the  result  of  this  election  was  known,  the  county  court 
prepared  for  issue  to  the  company  $200,000  in  county  bonds  bearing 
7  per  cent  interest.  It  was  found,  however,  that  7  per  cent  bonds 
could  not  be  negotiated,  and  bonds  bearing  8  per  cent  interest  were 
substituted.  For  these  bonds  the  county  received  a  certificate  of  an 
equal  amount  of  stock  in  the  railroad.  The  road  in  which  this  stock 
was  taken  was  chartered  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of  Missoui'i  on  the 
20th  of  February,  1865.  The  board  of  directors  named  in  the  act 
was  composed  of  the  following  men :  James  B.  Bell,  Jonas  J.  Clark, 
J.  W.  McMillin,  John  H.  Ellis,  John  A.  Lowe  and  Robert  S.  Moore, 
of  Livingston  County;  Daniel  Berry,  George  W.  Moberly,  Andrew  Y. 
Shanklin,  Cyrus  Ramage,  E.  L.  Winters,  Samuel  Wilson,  William 
Metcalf  and  William  Wyatt,  of  Grundy  County;  and  Joseph  A.  Ken- 
nedy, John  Brown,  Thomas  J.  Wyatt,  Andrew  Lowry,  James  Brad- 
ley, John  Snyder,  John  F.  Stevens,  Israel  Patton  and  F.  M.  Evans, 
of  Mercer  County.  The  authorized  capital  stock  was  fixed  at 
$3,000,000,  divided  into  shares  of  $40  each.  In  addition  to  the  sum 
voted  by  Mercer  County,  Grundy  County  subscribed  $200,000  stock, 
and  the  city  of  Chillicothe  $40,000.  In  accordance  with  a  provision 
of  the  act  incorporating  the  company,  a  meeting  of  the  directors  was 
held  at  Chillicothe  on  February  19,  1868,  and  an  organization  was 
effected  by  electing  George  W.  Moberly,  president;  Robert  S.  Moore, 
secretary,  and  William  Wyatt,  treasurer.  The  first  regular  annual 
meeting  was  held  at  Trenton  on  the  22d  of  April  following,  at  which 
time  new  ofiicers  were  elected  as  follows:  Col.  John  H.  Shanklin, 
president;  S.  H.  Ferryman,  secretary;  R.  B.  Ballew,  treasurer.  Stock 
books  were  then  opened,  and  during  the  year  $451,500  of  the  capital 
stock  was  subscribed.  With  this  amount  assured  the  survey  and  loca- 
tion of  the  road  was  begun,  and  by  February  10,  1869,  it  was  ready 
to  be  let  to  contractors.  During  the  remainder  of  the  year  the  work 
was  pushed  forward  rapidly,  and  by  January  1,  1870,  the  grading 
between  Princeton  and  Chillicothe  was  completed.  At  this  point, 
however,  the  funds  became  exhausted,  and  work  was  brought  to  a 
standstill,  but  on  the  20th  of  April,  1870,  the  newly  constructed  road- 
bed, together  with  the  right  of  way  from  Princeton  to  Trenton,  was 
transferred  by  lease  to  the  Chicago  &  Southwestern  Railway  Company, 
now  a  part  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific.     W^ork  was  at  once 

26 


410  HISTORY   OF   MEKCER    COUNTY. 

resumed,  and  so  rapidly  was  it  carried  forward  that  in  September, 
1871,  trains  were  running  into  Leavenworth,  Kas. 

The  lease  mentioned  above  did  not  include  that  portion  of  the 
roadbed  between  Trenton  and  Chillicothe,  and  it  remained  unfinished. 
At  the  May  term,  1877,  the  county  court  made  an  order  transferring 
the  stock  of  the  county  in  the  Chillicothe  &  Des  Moines  City  Railroad 
to  Henry  Hatch,  George  Van  Aveiy,  H.  M.  Pollard  and  Marcus  A. 
Low,  on  condition  that  they  pay  all  debts  owed  by  the  Chillicothe  & 
Des  Moines  City  Railroad  to  citizens  of  Mercer  County,  and  that  they 
complete  the  road  by  January  1,  1879.  As  these  terms  were  not  com- 
plied with,  the  certificate  was  returned  to  the  county.  Its  value  of 
course  is  now  inconsiderable. 

At  the  time  the  bonds  of  the  county  were  issued  to  the  railroad 
company,  the  ability  to  pay  the  interest  and  principal  was  not  doubted, 
but  the  great  shrinkage  in  the  value  of  all  property,  which  resulted 
from  the  financial  panic  of  1873,  made  it  impossible  to  pay  the  high 
rate  of  interest  and  provide  for  the  redemption  of  the  bonds  them- 
selves without  serious  embarrassment  to  all  the  interests  of  the  county. 
A  proposition  was  therefore  made  to  the  county  court  in  1879  to 
redeem  the  outstanding  bonds,  together  with  accrued  interest,  at  the 
rate  of  50  cents  on  the  dollar,  and  the  county  clerk  was  authorized 
to  issue  6  per  cent  bonds  in  exchange  for  the  old  ones.  A  small  part 
of  the  debt  was  funded  at  that  rate,  but  the  most  of  the  bondholders 
refused  the  terms.  The  county  clerk  was  then  given  permission  to 
negotiate  for  the  redemption  of  the  old  bonds  at  the  best  rates  obtain- 
able, and  since  that  time  nearly  all  the  debt  has  been  funded  at  rates 
varying  from  60  to  100  cents  on  the  dollar. 

In  1882  a  levy  of  50  cents  on  $100  worth  of  taxable  property 
was  made  for  the  purpose  of  creating  a  fund  for  the  settlement  and 
payment  of  the  railroad  boods.  This  levy  the  next  year  was  increased 
to  75  cents  on  $100,  and  has  since  remained  at  that  rate. 

The  Debt. — The  following  statement  of  the  debt  was  made  by  the 

clerk  of  the  county  court  for  January  1,  1885: 

Face  of  8  per  cent  5-20  county  railroad  bonds $76,700  00 

Face  of  6  per  cent  5-20  county  railroad  bonds  issued 

from  August  1,  1879,  to  January  1,  1883 37,500  00 

Face  of  new"  6  per  cent  5-20  county  railroad  bonds 

issued  September   1,   1884,   in  payment   of  old 

bonds  and  interest 11,100  00 

Past  due  coupons 23,378  00 

Interest  due  on  past  due  coupons 3,371  04 

Interest  on  148.600  6  per  cent  bonds  from  September 

1,  1884,  to  January  1,  1885 972  00 

Total  compromise  tax  for  1884 $153,021  04 


STATE    OF    MISSOUEI.  411 

Compromise  Tax  for  1884. — The  compromise  tax  for  1884  was  as 
follows : 

Railroad 11.920  97 

Telegraph 20  90 

Land.... 11,322  31 

Town  lots 1,196  39 

Merchants 792  09 

Personal  property 9,404  91 

Total $24,657  53 

Balance  of  the  bonded  debt  after  deducting  the 

compromise  tax  of  1884 |128,363  51 

Since  this  report  was  made  the  debt  has  been  reduced  at  the  rate 
of  about  $25,000  per  year.  Only  $5,600  of  the  8  per  cent  bonds 
remain  to  be  redeemed,  while  of  the  bonds  bearing  date  August  1, 
1879,  there  remain  $24,000,  and  of  those  issued  September  1,  1884, 
there  are  outstanding  $70, 000,  making  the  aggregate  bonded  indebt- 
edness about  $100,000. 

Courthouse,  Jail  and  Poorhouse. — In  addition  to  the  expense  in 
the  settlement  of  the  railroad  debt,  considerable  has  been  expended  for 
public  improvements.  In  1859  the  old  log  courthouse  was  replaced  by 
the  present  brick  structure,  which  stands  in  the  center  of  the  public 
square.  It  was  built  by  H.  B.  Nesbitt,  under  the  supervision  of  John 
C.  McClelland,  and  cost  $8,000.  In  1874  the  old  jail  lot  was  sold  to 
J.  C.  W.  Lindsey,  and  a  new  lot  was  purchased  from  Israel  Patton, 
ttpon  which,  during  the  same  year,  the  present  brick  jail  was  erected. 
It  was  built  by  Jacob  Houk  for  $4,683.  In  December,  1869,  a  farm 
of  319  acres  was  purchased  from  Capt.  H.  J.  Alley  for  $3,000,  and 
converted  into  a  poorfarm.  It  is  situated  on  Sections  20  and  29, 
Township  66,  Range  24.      David  Warden  was  the  first  superintendent. 

County  Officers. — The  following  is  a  list  of  the  representatives 
from  Mercer  County  since  its  organization:  W.  N.  McAfee,  Democrat, 
1846-48;  H.  B.  Duncan,  Whig,  1848-50;  John  M.  Nichols,  Democrat, 
1850-52;  George  T.  Prichard,  Whig,  1852-54;  O.  C.  Eoberts,  Whig, 
1854-56;  John  C.  Clark,  Democrat,  1856-58;  Andrew  Woolsey, 
Know-nothing,  1858-60;  Asa  Campbell,  Democrat,  1860-62;  J.  A. 
Kennedy,  Eepublican,  1862-64;  Daniel  M.  King,  Republican,  1864- 
66;  W.  L.  Jerome,  Republican,  1866-68;  R.  D.  Keeney,  Republican, 
1868-70;  Joseph  H.  Burrows,  Republican,  1870-74;  C.  H.  Stewart, 
Republican,  1874-76;  T.  E.  Evans,  Republican,  1876-78;  Joseph  H. 
Burrows,  Greenbacker,  1878-80;  W.  A.  Loe,  Republican,  1880-82; 
J.  P.  Bailey,  Democrat,  1882-84;  M.  E.  Swift,  Republican,  1884 
(present  incumbent). 


412  HISTORY    OP    MERCER    COUNTY. 

The  sheriffs  of  the  county  have  been  as  follows:  William  J.  Gird- 
ner,  1845-48;  Peter  Cain,  1848-52;  John  R.  Clark,  1852-56;  S.  E. 
Mickey,  1856-60;  F.  M.  Clark,  1860-62;  Joseph  Moss,  1862;  WUl- 
iam  B.  Rogers,  1862-64;  H.  J.  Alley,  1864-68;  William  Speer, 
1868-72;  James  D.  Dykes,  1872-76;  Charles  E.  Minter,  1876-78;  J. 
M.  Alley,  1878-82;  Hawley  Heriford,  1882-86;    J.  J.  Stanley,  1886. 

The  clerks  of  the  circuit  courts  have  been:  Green  W.  Laughlin, 
appointed  in  1845,  and  died  in  office  in  December,  1847;  Richard  B. 
Ballev?,  elected  at  a  special  election  on  January  5,  1848,  and  con- 
tinued in  the  office  until  1864;  W.  L.  Jerome,  1864-66;  D.  W.  King, 
1866-74;  William  M.  Casteel,  1874-78;  J.  A.  Thompson,  1878-86; 
Henry  C.  Miller,  1886.  The  office  of  clerk  of  the  county  court  was 
combined  with  that  of  the  circuit  court  and  recorder  until  1864. 
Since  that  time  the  clerks  have  been  as  follows:  Benjamin  F.  Corn- 
well,  1864-65;  John  W.  Crawford,  1865-66;  Charles  H.  Stewart, 
1866-74;  D.  M.  King,  1874-78;  James  Burrows,  1878-82;  James  M. 
Alley,  1882. 

The  probate  judges  have  been:  Richard  B.  Ballew,  1849-57; 
George  W.  Taylor,  1857-59;  John  T.  Meyers,  who  filled  the  office 
for  three  months;  John  G.  Ellis,  for  two  months,  and  Calvin  Butler, 
for  eleven  months;  C.  M.  Wright,  1862-65;  S.  H.  Ferryman,  1865- 
68;  H.  G.  Orton,  1868-75;  P.  Stacey,  1875-79;  R.  W.  Steckman, 
1879-87;  James  R.  Brown,  1887. 

The  office  of  county  treasurer  has  been  filled  by  the  following  men : 
Floyd  Shannon,  1846-50;  John  R.  Davis,  1850-52;  William  J.  Gird- 
ner,  1852-54;  Elihu  Cleveland,  1854-56;  William  J.  Girdner,  1856-60; 
J.  C.  Coon,  1860-62;  Israel  Fatten,  1862-67;  A.  R.  Patton,  1867-68 ; 
J.  N.  Truax,  1868-72;  J.  H.  Shelley,  1872-76;  John  D.  Dykes, 
1876-80;  George  W.  Wilcox,  1880-84;  John  Brantley,  1884. 

The  assessor  of  the  county  from  1845  to  1858  was  Samuel  Moore. 
In  January,  1858,  the  county  court  divided  the  county  into  six 
assessors  districts,  and  appointed  an  assessor  for  each.  They  were 
John  Rockhold,  District  No.  1 ;  Samuel  Moore,  District  No.  2 ;  John 
S.  Dunkerson,  District  No.  3;  Jeptha  Woods,  District  No.  4;  J.  C. 
Coon,  District  No.  5,  and  J.  A.  C.  Thompson,  District  No.  6.  The 
next  year  the  number  of  districts  was  reduced  to  four,  and  J.  R.  Clark, 
J.  M.  Sallee,  Hem-y  Neil  and  J.  M.  Stewart  were  appointed  assessors. 
From  that  time  until  the  adoption  of  the  township  organization  the 
county  assessors  were  as  follows:  J.  S.  Dunkerson,  1860-61;  John  R. 
Davis,  1862;  John  Goodrich,  1863-65;  John  Thogmartin,  1866-69; 
L.    N.    Constable,    1870-72.     Since   the   abolition   of   the   township 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  413 

system  the  assessors  have  been  Thomas  Sallee,  1877-80;  Hawley 
Heriford,  1880-82;  J.  0.  Coon,  1882-86;  G.  H.  Combs,  1886.  Prior 
to  1872  the  taxes  were  collected  by  the  sherifF;  at  that  time  J.  M. 
Truax  was  appointed  collector,  but  the  adoption  of  township  organ- 
ization soon  after  rendered  that  officer  unnecessary.  Since  1887  the 
county  collectors  have  been  as  follows:  J.  H.  Shelley,  1877-79;  A. 
R.  Patton,  1879-83;  James  D.  Dykes,  1883-87,  and  J.  A.  Thompson, 
1887. 

The  County  Court.  — The  county  court  was  at  first  composed  of  three 
ju^stices  elected  for  four  years,  and  it  so  continued  until  1849.  By  an 
act  approved  on  March  8,  1849,  the  county  court  of  Mercer  County  was 
made  to  consist  of  the  justices  of  the  peace  in  the  county  or  any  three 
of  them,  and  it  was  provided  that  the  justices  should  be  so  allotted  for 
attendance  that  each  one  should  attend  at  least  one  court  each  year. 
The  part  of  the  above  act  referring  to  the  county  court  was  submitted 
to  the  people  for  ratification  or  rejection  at  the  first  election  for 
probate  judge.  The  justices  of  the  county  court  fi'om  1846  to  1849 
were  Robert  Magruder,  John  Rockhold,  Asa  Campbell  and  William 
P.  Fitzpatrick,  elected  in  1848,  vice  Campbell.  The  first  county 
court  established  under  the  new  law  met  on  November  5,  1849,  and 
was  composed  of  the  following  magistrates:  H.  B.  Gale,  president; 
Joseph  Moss,  John  Logan,  Joshua  Bowers,  William  Alley,  D.  W. 
Baker  and  Willis  BuitIs.  The  other  magistrates  who  occupied  a 
seat  in  the  county  court  at  one  or  more  terms  during  the  continuance 
of  this  system  were  John  Campbell,  William  Carter,  Anderson 
Thomas,  William  P.  Fitzpatrick,  Thomas  Booth,  S.  H.  Porter,  W.  N. 
Lindsey,  George  Moore,  R.  M.  Tatman,  Zaehariah  Petree,  G.  W. 
Clinkinbeard,  John  Rogers  and  Benjamin  Cornwell. 

In  November,  1853,  the  old  system  was  restored.  The  justices 
comprising  the  court  were  AUen  S.  Bryan,  president;  William  Alley 
and  David  Butcher,  who  continued  in  office  for  one  year.  The  jus- 
tices from  that  time  until  1873  were  as  follows:  Joseph  Moss,  1854- 
58;  Garrett  Gibson,  1854-58;  R.  M.  Tatman,  1854-56;  John  M. 
Smith,  1856-58;  David  Butcher,  1858-62;  Hardin  Erwin,  1858-60; 
John  Dunkersou,  1858-65;  Thomas  T.  Lewallen,  1860-62;  J.  G. 
Ellis,  1862-63;  A.  O.  Nigh,  1863-66;  W.  H.  Herriman,  1863-66; 
John  Snyder,  1865-72;  Preston  Underwood,  1866-72;  Samuel 
Cooper,  1866-70;  C.  D.  Weddle,  1870-72.  In  1873  the  number  of 
justices  was  increased  to  five,  and  so  continued  until  1877.  The  first 
court  under  the  law  of  1873  convened  in  June  of  that  year,  and  was 
composed  of  the  following  men:  Samuel  S.   Lowry,   president;  A.   E. 


414  HISTORY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

Keith,  Joseph  Moss,  Peter  Cain  and  J.  H.  Thogmartin.  Under  this 
system  one  justice  retired  each  year.  In  1874  Jackson  Prichard  was 
elected  vice  Peter  Cain;  in  1875,  J.  P.  Drake  vice  A.  E.  Keith;  in 
1876,  John  Snyder  vice  Joseph  Moss;  in  1877,  Allen  Sallee  vice 
Jackson  Prichard.  In  1877  the  court  composed  of  three  justices  was 
again  restored.  The  members  were  J.  C.  W.  Lindsey,  A.  M.  Sallee 
and  John  Snyder.  In  1878  the  justices  elected  were  Morris  Perry,  A. 
J.  Selsor  and  Allen  M.  Sallee;  in  1880,  Morris  PeiTy,  Richard 
Brantley  and  John  Thogmartin;  in  1882,  S.  S.  Lowry,  Allen  M. 
Sallee  and  Gr.  M.  Stewart;  in  1884,  S.  S.  Lowry,  David  Speer  and 
John  C.  Reid;in  1886,  S.  S.  Lowry,  John  C.  Eeid  and  Clark  Deshler. 

COURT  PROCEEDINGS  and  BENCH  and  BAR. 

First  Session  of  the  Circuit  Court. — The  first  circuit  court  for 
Meroer  County  was  begun  and  held  at  the  dwelling  house  of 
Joseph  Girdner,  about  three  miles  north  of  Princeton,  September 
15,  1845,  by  Judge  James  A.  Clark.  Green  Laughlin  was  the 
clerk,  and  William  J.  Girdner,  sheriff.  The  entire  docket  con- 
sisted of  seven  cases,  and  the  term  lasted  two  days.  Four  cases 
were  in  the  civil  docket.  They  were  Robert  Gardner  against  E. 
Sisson  &Co. ,  James  S.  Lomax  against  William  Hart  and  William 
Thrailkill,  W.  H.  &  J.  D.  Hay  against  Archibald  Smith,  and  A.  D. 
Thorne  against  Thomas  Auberry,  all  of  which  were  appealed  cases. 
The  first  jury  case  tried  was  that  of  W.  H.  &  J.  D.  Hay  against 
Archibald  Smith;  judgment  was  rendered  for  the  plaintiff  in  the  sum 
of  $29  for  debt,  and  §4.05  for  damages.  The  jury  was  composed  of 
Hiram  Fisher.  Spencer  Waddington,  Thomas  Everett,  Royal  Williams, 
D.  C.  Moore,  Lewis  Girdner,  John  Davis,  H.  B.  Gale,  John 
Logan,  Israel  Nordyke,  George  Davis  and  E.  Goode.  The  grand 
jury  at  this  term  was  composed  of  Arkelson  Keith,  Joseph 
Prichard,  John  Craig,  Charles  B.  Gray,  James  Morgan,  Seabert  Rhea, 
Isaac  Van  Dine,  Newton  Lindsey,  David  W.  Baker,  R.  W.  Rockhold, 
Alexander  Laughlin,  Joab  Hobbs,  S.  B.  Campbell,  David  Mullins, 
Samuel  Prewitt  and  Thomas  Clark.  The  first  indictment  was  found 
against  George  W.  Meyers,  for  keeping  a  dramshop  without  license. 
The  only  other  indictment  returned  at  this  term  was  found  against 
James  Kirk  for  an  assault  with  intent  to  kill. 

Other  Sessions. — The  next  term  of  the  court  was  held  at  the  court- 
house in  Princeton,  in  April,  1846,  when  the  grand  jur}-  found  seven 
indictments — one  for  murder.  It  was  found  against  Benjamin 
Smothers  for  killing  James  Kirk,  the  man  indicted  at  the  previous 


STATE    OF    MISSOUEI.  415 

term  for  an  assault  with  intent  to  kill.  They  were  both  considered 
desperate  characters,  but  were,  nevertheless,  good  friends.  They  had 
been  drinking  in  one  of  the  many  dramshops  in  Princeton,  and  in  a 
quarrel  which  ensued  Smothers  struck  Kirk  iipon  the  head  with  a  rock, 
killing  him  almost  instantly.  Smothers  made  good  his  escape,  but 
was  captured  the  next  day  by  Joseph  Moss,  John  R.  Davis,  and  one  or 
two  others.  He  was  found  at  Thomas  Auberry's  on  Thompson  River 
near  where  he  lived.  He  resisted  arrest,  and  was  assisted  by  Auberry, 
but  was  finally  overpowered,  and  taken  to  the  house  of  Mr.  Moss  where 
he  was  kept  over  night.  He  was  then  taken  to  Princeton,  and  as  no 
jail  had  then  been  built,  a  heavy  log  chain  was  fastened  to  one  foot, 
and  a  guard  placed  over  him.  A  few  nights  later  the  guard  having 
fallen  asleep  he  slipped  away,  procured  an  ax,  cut  the  chain  from 
his  foot  and  fled.  He  was  never  recaptured  biit  was  afterward  seen  in 
Indiana.  Auberry,  with  whom  Smothers  sought  refuge,  was  a  lawyer 
of  rather  unsavory  reputation.  He  resided  on  Thomj^son's  River 
where  he  carried  on  an  illicit  liquor  trade  with  the  Indians,  and  his 
premises  became  a  kind  of  rendezvous  for  horse  thieves  and  other 
malefactors  whom  he  shielded  fi'om  arrest  if  possible.  When,  how- 
ever, they  were  so  unfortunate  as  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  law  he 
defended  them  in  the  courts.  Such  a  character  would  now  scarcely  be 
recognized  in  the  courts  in  any  other  position  than  as  a  candidate  for 
the  jail  or  penitentiary,  but  in  the  record  of  the  August  term,  1841,  of 
the  Grundy  County  circuit  court,  is  the  following  entry:  Amos  Reese 
and  Phillip  L.  Edwards,  appointed  to  examine  Thomas  N.  Auberi'y  as 
to  his  qualifications  as  a  lawyer,  and  to  report  to  the  coiui,  report  him 
well  qualified,  whereupon  the  judge  of  the  court  proceeded  to  license 
him  as  an  attorney  and  counselor  at  law.  Auberry  remained  in  the 
county  until  the  ' '  gold  fever  ' '  broke  out  in  1818,  when  he  went  to 
California. 

The  community  on  Thompson  River  during  the  early  settlement 
of  the  county  contained  many  other  bad  characters.  Among  them 
were  Granville  Fortner  and  his  brother.  They  built  a  cabin  on  the 
banks  of  the  river,  and  engaged  in  selling  whisky  to  the  Indians,  who 
frequented  the  place  in  large  numbers.  Fights  and  rows  were  of  com- 
mon occurrence,  but  the  brothers  were  generally  able  to  quell  the 
disturbances  without  serious  difficulty.  At  last,  however,  an  Indian 
was  killed  by  one  of  them  during  a  melee,  the  remaining  Indians  took 
both  brothers  prisoners,  and  carried  them  to  camp  with  the  expressed 
determination  of  killing  them.  Friends  of  the  young  men  learning  of 
their  danger   hastened  to   the  Indian  camp,  and  upon  promise  that 


416  HISTORY    OF    MEECEB    COUNTY. 

they  should  answer  for  their  crime  in  the  courts,  succeeded  in  rescuing 
them.  They  were  indicted  in  the  circuit  court  of  Grundy  County,  but 
by  some  means  they  managed  to  escape  from  the  country,  and  the  case 
never  came  to  trial. 

During  the  decade  of  the  "forties"  the  law-abiding  people  of  the 
county  were  greatly  annoyed  by  horse  thieves,  and  as  it  was  found  diffi- 
cult to  bring  these  ofPenders  to  justice  in  the  courts,  a  vigilance  committee 
composed  of  some  seventy  or  eighty  men  was  organized.  This  com- 
mittee held  its  meetings  at  the  house  of  William  Miller,  and  afterward 
at  Dr.  Mangels,  west  of  Princeton  a  short  distance.  When  a  person 
was  suspected  of  stealing  horses,  or  harboring  horse  thieves,  he  was 
notified  by  the  committee  to  leave  the  county,  and  as  the  number  and 
strength  of  the  vigilants  was  well  known,  a  second  warning  was  scarcely 
ever  required. 

The  first  persons  sentenced  to  the  penitentiary  by  the  circuit  court 
of  Mercer  County  were  Simon  T.  Taylor  and  John  HUl,  both  of  whom 
received  a  two  years'  sentence.  The  former  was  brought  to  Princeton 
on  a  change  of  venue  from  Sullivan  County,  and  tried  and  convicted 
of  horse  stealing.  John  Hill  stole  a  bowie-knife,  valued  at  $15,  from 
Benjamin  Duncan,  and  was  convicted  of  grand  larceny. 

The  most  common  ofPense  for  which  indictments  were  found  dur- 
ing the  early  history  of  this  court  was  that  of  card  playing.  At  the 
October  term,  in  1848,  nine  indictments  were  returned,  and  at  the 
next  two  terms  the  number  was  increased  to  sixteen  and  twenty-eight, 
respectively. 

The  second  indictment  for  murder  in  Mercer  County  was  found 
in  1865  against  Margaret  J.  Williams  for  the  killing  of  her  child,  a 
young  babe;  she  was  a  weak-minded  creatiu:e,  and  had  no  friends,  and 
her  case  was  not  strongly  defended.  She  was  convicted  of  murder  in 
the  second  degree,  and  sentenced  to  ten  years  in  the  penitentiary. 

The  Mullinax  Case .  — A  case  which  excited  deep  interest  through- 
out the  county  was  that  of  the  State  vs.  John  W.  Crawford,  for  the 
murder  of  Dr.  P.  E.  Mullinax,  of  Pleasant  Plains,  Iowa.  Dr.  Mulli- 
nax was  murdered  on  the  night  of  the  6th  of  April,  1866,  in  Lindley 
Township,  while  returning  home  from  a  dancing  party,  held  at  the 
house  of  WUliam  Waldron.  His  body  was  found  the  next  morning  ly- 
ing near  the  road  with  a  bullet  hole  through  the  head,  and  another 
through  the  chest.  Upon  investigation  circumstances  seemed  to 
point  to  John  W.  Crawford  and  his  brothers,  James  and  Jasper,  as 
the  murderers.  They  were  arrested,  and  upon  a  preliminary  ex- 
amination before  a  justice  of  the  peace    the  first  named  was   bound 


STATE   OF   MISSOUKI.  417 

over  to  the  circuit  court,  but  the  evidence  against  the  others  was  not 
deemed  sufficient  to  hold  them,  and  they  were  discharged.  At  the  next 
term  of  the  court,  in  September,  an  indictment  was  returned  against 
John  Crawford  for  murder  in  the  first  degree,  and  he  was  ordered  into 
the  custody  of  the  sheriff.  The  case  was  set  for  hearing  at  a  special 
term  of  the  court,  in  December  following,  and  Silas  Woodson  was  ap- 
pointed to  assist  the  circuit  attorney  in  the  prosecution,  while  J.  H. 
Shanklin,  of  Trenton,  was  employed  as  chief  counsel  for  the  defense. 
The  case  came  up  at  the  appointed  time,  and  a  jury  di'awn  composed 
of  the  following  men:  William  Dodson,  Leander  Laughlin,  J.  R.  Hill, 
R.  G.  Miller,  William  Brantley,  P.  M.  Hill,  Joseph  Smith,  Marcellus 
Renfro,  William  Keith,  Moses  Powell,  Preston  Young  and  S.  H.  Ham. 
After  the  trial  had  been  in  progress  for  two  days,  the  prosecution  asked 
for  a  stay  of  proceedings,  and  a  continuance  until  the  next  term  of 
court.  This  was  denied,  whereupon  they  surrendered  the  case,  and 
the  jury,  in  accordance  with  instructions  from  the  bench,  brought  in 
a  verdict  of  not  guilty.  The  evidence  against  Crawford  Was  wholly 
circumstantial,  but  it  was  so  strong  that  in  the  public  mind  there  was 
little  doubt  of  his  guilt.  Some  of  the  principal  facts  brought  out  in 
the  trial  were  as  follows:  On  the  day  before  the  party  mentioned 
above  he  sent  a  note  to  Dr.  Mullinax,  ui-ging  him  very  strongly  to 
attend.  The  Doctor  attended  the  party,  where  he  remained  until 
about  11  o'clock.  Soon  after  he  started  for  home  the  absence  of 
John  Crawford  from  the  party  was  noticed.  In  about  an  hour,  how- 
ever, Mr.  Crawford  returned,  and  a  little  later,  accompanied  by  his 
brothers,  went  home.  Uj)on  the  discovery  of  the  body  of  the  mur- 
dered man  the  next  morning,  the  hat  of  the  deceased,  and  another, 
supposed  to  have  belonged  to  Crawford,  were  found  upon  the  ground, 
near  by.  These,  with  many  other  corroborating  circumstances,  tended 
to  confirm  the  popular  belief  that  Dr.  Mullinax  met  his  death  at  the 
hands  of  John  Crawford,  but  it  is  possible  he  was  entirely  innocent  of 
the  deed.  Those  who  believed  the  accused  man  guilty  found  a  motive 
for  the  crime  in  the  alleged  fact  that  he  had  employed  the  professional 
services  of  Dr.  Mullinax  to  save  himself  and  a  young  lady,  with  whom 
he  had  been  too  intimate,  from  disgrace,  and  that  he  thought  the 
Doctor  had  betrayed  the  confidence  reposed  in  him. 

The  Clyder  Case.  — A  short  time  prior  to  the  killing  of  Dr.  Mulli- 
nax, a  German,  named  George  Clyder,  is  supposed  to  have  been  mur- 
dered in  Marion  Township  by  a  countryman  of  his,  named  W.  H. 
Hooyman.  The  deed  was  believed  to  have  been  done  on  February 
25,1866,  and  if  any  murder  was  committed,  the  body  was  burned  to 
prevent  the  detection  of  the  crime. 


418  HISTORY    OF   MEBCEB    COUNTY. 

Clyder  was  a  man  of  some  property,  and  lived  alone.  He  sud- 
denly disappeared,  and  soon  after  Hooyman  attempted  to  negotiate 
a  note  previously  held  by  Clyder,  asserting  that  it  had  been  transferred 
to  him  by  the  latter,  who  had  left,  the  country.  Suspicion  was  at  once 
aroused  against  Hooyman.  He  was  arrested,  and  Clyder' s  pipe  and 
knife  were  found  in  his  possession.  Search  was  then  made  for  the 
body  of  the  murdered  man,  biit  nothing  could  be  discovered  except 
some  charred  bones  in  the  fireplace  of  the  house  where  he  had  lived. 
Hooyman  was  indicted  for  the  murder  at  the  next  term  of  the  circuit 
court,  but  obtained  a  change  of  venue  to  Grundy  County,  where, 
upon  trial,  he  was  acquitted.  Conviction  was  prevented  by  the  fact 
that  the  remains  found  in  the  fireplace  could  not  be  identified  as  those 
of  a  human  being,  but  it  was  generally  believed  that  the  defendant  was 
guilty  of  the  murder  of  George  Clyder. 

Killing  of  Frank  Cox.  — The  next  homicide  which  occurred  in  the 
county  was  the  killing  of  Frank  Cos  in  Lindley  Township,  on  No- 
vember 25,   1869.       For  this  crime  Frank  Brogan  and  Patrick  and 
William  Dykes  were  indicted   by  the  grand  jury.     The  trials  were 
postponed  from  term  to  term  until  1873.     Meanwhile  William  Dykes 
died,  and  a  nolle  prosequi  was  entered  in  his  case  at  the  March  term 
of  that   year.     Patrick  Dykes  was  found  guilty  of  murder  in  the  sec- 
ond degree,  and  his  punishment  was  fixed  at  ten  years  in  the  peni- 
tentiary.    He  secured  a  new  trial,  and  at  the  November  term,  1873,  he 
was  acquitted.     At  the  same  term  Frank  Brogan  was  granted  a  change 
.  of  venue  to  Harrison  County,   and  upon  trial  was  finally  acquitted. 
The  Halleck  Case.  — One  of  the  blackest  crimes  in  the  criminal  record 
of  Mercer  County  was  committed  by  Joseph  P.  Hamilton,  a  boy  only 
about  nineteen  years  old.    During  the  summer  of  1872  he  was  employed 
by  Elisha  Halleck,  who  resided  a  few  miles  east  of  Princeton.     While 
a  member  of  Halleck' s  household  he  was  guilty  of  unlawful  relations 
with  the  latter"  s  wife.      Finding  Mr.  Halleck' s  presence  an  obstacle  to 
the  indulgence  of  their  plans,  they  conceived  the  plan  of  putting  him  out 
of  the  way.     Once  or  twice  everything  was  arranged  to  accomplish  this 
object,  but  something  occurred  each  time  to  frustrate  their   designs. 
However,  the  deed  was  at  last  done.     Halleck  and  Hamilton  had  been 
hauling  hay  and  had  just  completed  their  work.     Halleck  sat  down  upon 
the  wagon  to  rest  and  while  in  that  position  was  shot  in  the  back  by  Ham- 
ilton.    Mrs.  Halleck  was  conveniently  absent  gathering  blackberries, 
and  there  was  no  witness  to  the  crime. 

Hamilton   and   Mrs.    Halleck   were   both    arrested.     The   former 
obtained  a  change  of  venue  to  Harrison  County,  where  he  was  tried, 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  419 

and  convicted  of  murder  in  the  tirst  degree.  An  appeal  was  taken  to 
the  supreme  court,  but  that  tribunal  refused  to  interfere  with  the  sen- 
tence of  the  lower  court,  and  he  was  duly  executed.  Before  his  execution 
he  made  a  full  confession  of  the  crime.  He  was  ably  defended  by 
Col.  J.  H.  Shanklin,  of  Trenton,  and  Capt.  H.  J.  Alley,  and  S.  H. 
Ferryman,  of  Princeton.  Mrs.  Halleck  obtained  a  change  of  venue 
to  Putnam  County,  but  before  her  case  came  up  for  hearing  she  was 
bereaved  of  a  child,  and  her  health  became  so  broken  as  to  preclude 
the  possibility  of  recovery.  These  circumstances  aroused  much  sym- 
pathy in  her  behalf,  and  she  was  acquitted,  but  died  soon  after. 

The  Raines  Case. — Another  case  which  excited  deep  interest 
throughout  the  county  was  that  of  the  State  vs.  Joseph  Thompson, 
Jack  Thompson  and  Jerome  Prichard,  for  the  killing  of  an  old  man 
named  Thomas  Raines.  The  murder  was  a  most  brutal  one.  Mrs. 
Raines  bore  the  reputation  of  a  woman  of  somewhat  questionable  vir- 
tue, and  another  woman  of  much  the  same  character  was  visiting 
or  boarding  with  the  family.  Upon  the  night  of  the  murder 
the  defendants,  all  of  whom  had  been  drinking,  started  for  the 
Raines'  house,  to  call  upon  Mrs.  Raines  and  her  friend.  Jack 
Thompson  was  sent  in  advance  of  the  others  to  reconnoiter,  and  to 
deooy  the  old  man  from  the  house.  He  entered  the  humble  apart- 
ments of  the  family,  but  was  at  once  ordered  to  leave  by  Mr.  Raines, 
who,  to  enforce  his  command,  grasjaed  a  stick  of  stove-wood  which  lay 
beside  the  stove.  At  that  instant  a  pistol  was  discharged  and  the  old 
man  fell  dead.  The  defendants  attempted  to  escape,  but  were  all 
finally  captured.  Joseph  Thompson  was  tried  first  and  acquitted,  all 
the  witnesses  having  testified  that  the  shot  which  killed  Raines  was 
fired  by  Jack  Thompson.  The  next  trial  was  that  of  Prichard,  who 
was  also  acquitted.  Lastly  Jack  Thompson  was  arraigned,  found 
guilty,  and  sentenced  to  ten  years  in  the  penitentiary.  Since  one  of 
the  jurymen  had  been  heard  to  express  an  opinion  as  to  the  guilt  of 
the  defendant  before  the  trial,  a  new  hearing  was  granted.  Meantime 
Joseph  Thompson  confessed  to  have  killed  Raines  himself.  He  stated 
that  he  had  come  to  Raines'  door  behind  his  brother,  and  when  the 
old  man  grasped  the  stove-wood,  he  reached  around  Jack  and  fired  the 
fatal  shot.  The  witnesses  to  the  crime  in  the  excitement  of  the  mo- 
ment had  failed  to  see  him,  and  consequently  thought  that  the  pistol 
was  in  Jack's  hand.  These  facts  having  become  known,  upon  the 
second  trial  Jack  Thompson  was  acquitted,  and  thris  through  a  com- 
bination of  circumstances,  a  complete  failui-e  of  justice  resulted.  The 
attorneys   for   the  defendants  were  Capt.    H.  J.    Alley   and  C.   M. 


420  HISTORY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

Wright.  The  prosecution  was  conducted  by  S.  H.  Ferryman  and  H. 
G.  Orton. 

The  Chipps  Homicide  occurred  on  the  night  of  August  7,  1875,  at 
the  village  of  Half  Rock.  James  Chipps  and  Joseph  Willis,  the  latter 
a  resident  of  Clay  County,  had  been  drinking  whisky  and  playing  cards, 
and  became  involved  ia  a  quarrel  in  which  'Willis  stabbed  Chipps, 
who  died  almost  immediately.  Willis  was  arrested,  and  an  indict- 
ment was  found  against  him  by  the  grand  jury  of  Mercer  County, 
for  murder.  He  obtained  a  change  of  venue  to  Grundy  County,  where 
he  was  tried,  convicted  of  manslaughter,  and  his  punishment  fixed  at 
fourteen  years  in  the  penitentiary.  He  succeeded  in  obtaining  a  new 
trial,  however,  and  was  acquitted.  He  returned  to  Clay  County, 
where  he  was  subsequently  killed.  He  was  called  from  his  home  one 
night,  and  when  only  a  few  steps  from  his  door,  he  received  a  charge 
of  buckshot  in  his  body,  killing  him  instantly.  Who  the  assassin  was 
was  never  discovered,  but  it  was  thought  to  have  been  some  friend 
of  James  Chipps,  who  took  that  method  of  avenging  his  death. 

The  Killing  of  Davis.  — What  appears  to  have  been  a  brutal  and 
entirely  unprovoked  murder,  was  committed  in '  Princeton  Novem- 
ber 12,  1880.  The  victim  was  E.  AV.  Davis,  a  laborer  on  the  railroad, 
and  a  man  about  fifty  years  of  age.  He  was  a  quiet  and  inoffensive 
person,  and  was  not  known  to  have  an  enemy.  He  had  just  stepped 
from  the  door  of  a  meat  market  when  he  was  struck  upon  the  head 
with  a  heavy  stick.  He  fell  back  into  the  building,  and  was  soon  dead. 
Persons  who  were  passing  along  the  street  at  that  moment  saw  a  man 
running  away  from  the  scene  of  the  murder,  and,  from  his  appearance 
and  gait,  they  thought  it  to  be  Alexander  Mulvaney.  He  was  arrested 
indicted  for  murder,  tried  and  acquitted,  and  is  now  a  resident  of  the 
county. 

The  Homicide  of  Graves.  — The  last  homicide  in  Mercer  County  was 
committed  September  9,  1887,  by  Elisha  Wilson  iipon  J.  F.  Graves. 
The  two  men  lived  in  Harrison  Township,  and  some  months  previous 
had  had  a  misunderstanding  which  culminated  in  a  lawsuit.  On  the 
date  mentioned,  Wilson,  who  was  road  overseer,  had  a  number  of 
men  working  the  road  along  the  premises  of  Mr.  Graves.  In  the 
evening  Graves  had  occasion  to  pass  out  into  the  road.  When  he 
came  to  the  gate,  opening  from  his  premises  to  the  public  highway,  he 
found  that  Wilson  had  caused  a  ditch  to  be  cut  on  his  side  of  the  road, 
so  deep  that  he  was  compelled  to  get  ofP  of  his  wagon,  and  slope  down 
the  sides  of  the  bank  to  enable  him  to  cross.  While  engaged  in  this 
work,  Wilson  came  up,  and,  during  an  altercation  that  ensued,  struck 


STATE    OF    MISSOUBI.  421 

Graves  upon  the  head  with  a  hoe  handle.  Their  neighbors  then  suc- 
ceeded in  separating  them,  and  the  latter  mounted  his  wagon  and  drove 
a  considerable  distance  toward  Gainesville,  but  becoming  too  weak  to 
proceed  farther,  he  was  taken  to  his  home,  where  he  died  in  a  few  hours. 
The  next  day  Wilson  went  to  Princeton,  and  suiTendered  himself  to 
the  officers  of  the  law.  Pending  a  preliminary  examination,  and  the 
coroner's  inquest,  he  was  admitted  to  bail.  Great  excitement  pre- 
vailed in  the  neighborhood  where  the  tragedy  occurred,  and  as  soon 
as  the  friends  of  the  dead  man  learned  that  Wilson  had  been  admitted 
to  bail,  a  number  of  them  went  to  Princeton,  and  demanded  of  the 
officers  that  he  be  taken  into  custody  and  remanded  to  jail,  intimating 
that  should  their  demands  be  ignored,  summary  justice  would  be 
meted  out  to  the  accused.  He  was  therefore  returned  to  jail.  Circuit 
coui't  convened  on  the  following  Monday,  and  the  grand  jury  em- 
paneled at  once,  began  an  investigation,  which  resulted  in  the  finding 
of  a  bill  of  indictment  against  Wilson  for  murder  in  the  first  degree. 
The  trial  was  postponed  until  the  next  term  of  court,  and  the  prisoner 
is  now  in  jail.  His  attorneys  are  Messrs.  H.  J.  Alley  and  M.  F.  Robin- 
son. 

The  Bench. — Mercer  County  was  at  first  attached  to  the  eleventh 
judicial  circuit,  which  also  included  the  counties  of  Chariton,  Grun- 
dy, Putnam,  Linn,  Sullivan  and  Livingston.  The  jiidge  of  this 
circuit,  from  the  organization  of  the  county  until  the  beginning  of 
the  Civil  War,  was  a  resident  of  Chariton  County,  the  uncle  of 
Gen.  John  B.  Clark.  He  was  a  large,  jovial  man,  and  in  intelli- 
gence and  education  was  rather  above  the  average  pioneer  judge. 
His  successor  was  Jacob  Smith,  of  Linn  County.  He  presided  at  but 
a  few  terms  of  the  court,  and  in  1864  was  succeeded  by  Judge  R.  A. 
De  Bolt,  of  Trenton,  Grundy  County.  He  was  a  well-read  lawj-er, 
and  an  able  jurist,  but  was  unconsciously  inclined  to  be  somewhat 
of  a  partisan  on  the  bench.  His  successor,  G.  D.  Burgess,  the  pres- 
ent judge  of  the  circuit,  was  elected  in  1875,  and  althoi;gh  a  Demo- 
crat in  a  strongly  Republican  circuit,  he  has  been  successively  re- 
elected. His  decisions  are  rarely  reversed,  and  he  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  best  circuit  judges  in  Missouri. 

The  Bar. — The  first  circuit  attorney  was  Westley  Halliburton,  who, 
soon  after  the  organization  of  the  courts  in  Mercer,  was  succeeded  by 
John  C.  Griffin,  then  a  resident  of  Grundy  County.  He  was  one  of 
the  earliest  pioneers  of  Mercer  County,  a  farmer,  and  country  "store- 
keeper. ' '  He  soon  abandoned  those  occupations,  however,  and  sought 
the  more  congenial  profession  of  law.     He  rose  rapidly,  and  very  soon 


422  HISTORY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

was  elected  to  the  office  of  circuit  attorney,  a  position  he  held  for 
many  years.  He  was  a  whole-souled,  companionable  man,  somewhat 
convivial  in  his  habits.  He  was  a  very  good  lawyer,  but  did  not  pay 
sufficient  attention  to  details  to  achieve  the  highest  success. 

The  first  resident  attorneys  in  Mercer  County  were  Jesse  Newlin, 
Thomas  Auberry,  and  George  T.  Prichard.  The  first  named  came  to 
the  county  in  1839,  and  two  years  later  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
the  courts  of  Grundy  County.  He  had  formerly  been  a  justice  of 
the  peace  in  Livingston  County,  and  had  thus  picked  up  some  law, 
and  had  become  familiar  with  its  forms.  His  knowledge  was  very  lim- 
ited, however,  and  his  practice  was  confined  chiefly  to  justices'  courts. 

George  T.  Prichard  was  the  son  of  Joseph  Prichard,  and  brother  of 
Jackson  Prichard,  with  whom  he  came  to  the  county.  He  was  a  good 
lawyer,  and  an  excellent  citizen.  He  was  exceedingly  fond  of  a  joke, 
and  was  withal  of  a  pleasing  disposition.  He  was  a  Whig  in  poli- 
tics, and  served  one  term  in  the  Lower  House  of  the  General  Assembly. 
He  died  during  the  late  war. 

James  J.  Clark,  a  contemporary  of  Prichard,  was  one  of  the  ablest 
lawyers  in  Princeton  prior  to  the  war.  He  was  a  good  speaker,  and 
ranked  high  as  an  advocate.  He  removed  from  the  county  during  the 
war,  and  is  now  a  resident  of  Chillicothe.  He  has  served  one  or 
more  terms  on  the  bench  of  the  circuit  court. 

C.  M.  Wright  was  a  partner  of  Clark  from  about  1857  until  the 
latter  left  the  county.  He  was  a  good  lawyer,  and  for  more  than 
twenty-five  years  was  a  leading  member  of  the  Princeton  bar.  He 
was  a  large  man,  of  somewhat  coarse  fiber,  but  of  great  force  of  char- 
acter, and  unquestioned  integrity.  He  filled  the  office  of  circuit  attorney 
from  1865  to  1869,  and  was  also  twice  elected  prosecuting  attorney. 
He  died  suddenly  in  1884. 

Calvin  Butler,  Jesse  P.  Clark  and  L.  W.  Carmeens  were  all  young 
attorneys,  who  were  located  at  Princeton  for  a  short  time  before  or 
just  after  the  war,  but  did  not  remain  long  enough  to  gain  a  repu- 
tation. 

Of  the  present  bar,  the  oldest  members  are  Messrs.  Ira  B.  Hyde 
and  H.  G.  Orton.  They  were  comrades  during  the  Civil  War,  and  at 
its  close  came  to  Princeton,  and  formed  the  partnership  which  still 
exists.  They  both  rank  high  in  the  profession.  Mr.  Hyde  is  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers  in  Northern  Blispouri,  but  for  the 
past  few  years  has  withdrawn  somewhat  from  active  practice.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  XLIII  Congress,  where  he  exhibited  the 
same  ability  and  energy  that  have  characterized  him  in  other  positions. 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  423 

Mr.  Orton  is  a  man  of  indomitable  energy  and  will,  and  the  possessor 
of  fine  legal  attainments.  He  filled  the  office  of  probate  judge  from 
1868  to  1875,  and  is  now  serving  his  second  term  as  prosecuting  at- 
torney. In  the  latter  position  he  is  a  terror  to  evil-doers,  by  whom  he 
is  most  heartily  disliked.  Sociably  he  is  an  affable  and  accommodat- 
ing gentleman. 

The  next  oldest  member  of  the  Princeton  bar  is  Capt.  H.  J.  Alley, 
■whose  reputation  is  that  of  one  of  the  shrewdest  and  most  successful 
criminal  lawyers  in  the  State.  He  studied  law  without  a  preceptor 
while  occupying  the  office  of  sheriff,  and  when  admitted  to  the  bar 
rapidly  gained  a  reputation  as  an  advocate.  He  filled  the  office  of 
circuit  attorney  for  a  short  time,  beginning  in  1874,  but  its  duties 
were  not  suited  to  his  tastes. 

M.  F.  Robinson  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1879.  He  studied  law 
with  Judge  Wright,  and  became  his  partner  when  he  began  the 
practice.  He  is  considered  a  sound  lawyer,  and  is  steadily  gaining  in 
reputation.  E.  W.  Steckman,  who  for  eight  years  filled  the  office  of 
probate  judge,   is   also  a  prominent  member  of  the  Princeton  bar. 

TOWNS  OF  THE  COUNTY. 
Princeton. — Its  Origin  and  Early  Growth. — The  town  of  Prince- 
ton was  laid  out  in  the  spring  of  1846,  and  named  in  memory  of 
the  battle  in  which  Gen.  Mercer  was  killed.  The  commissioners 
appointed  to  locate  the  seat  of  ji;stice  for  Mercer  County  fixed 
upon  a  site  about  three  miles  east  of  the  present  town,  but  as 
many  objections  were  urged  against  that  place,  mainly  the  lack 
of  water,  the  county  court  through  commissioners  appointed  by 
itself  established  the  present  seat  of  justice.  This  irregularity  in 
locating  the  town  was  legalized  by  a  special  act  of  the  Legisla- 
ture. The  site  chosen  consisted  of  the  east  half  of  the  south- 
east quarter  of  Section  27,  in  Township  65  of  Range  24.  A  claim  had 
been  laid  and  some  improvements  made  upon  this  land  by  Samuel 
Speer.  This  claim  was  purchased  and  the  land  entered  by  the 
county  seat  commissioner,  Joseph  Prichard,  who  received  a  patent 
for  it,  dated  August  1,  1848,  and  signed  by  James  K.  Polk.  The 
town  was  laid  off  by  Spartan  F.  Rhea,  and  the  first  sale  of  lots  took 
place  on  April  6,  1846.  The  purchasers  at  this  sale  were  David 
Miller,  Garrett  Gibson,  Alfi-ed  Rhodes,  Samuel  Prewitt,  Samuel  G. 
Logan,  John  Campbell,  Joseph  Prewitt,  James  Morgan,  John  Munn, 
William  Nordyke,  William  Kelsey,  John  R.  Davis,  W.  D.  Alley, 
Floyd  Shannon,  Israel  Nordyke,  William  Miller,  Alexander  Campbell, 


424  HISTORY    OF    MERCEB    COUNTY. 

Simon  Adamsoa  and  Jesse  Adamson.  Twenty-two  lots  were  sold  at 
an  aggregate  of  1393. 53.  The  highest  price  paid  for  a  single  lot  was 
$35. 50  and  the  lowest  SIO.  Another  sale  took  place  on  June  1  fol- 
lowing, at  which  time  twenty-three  more  lots  were  sold  for  $303. 80. 
The  purchasers  were  Solomon  Tollerday,  Alexander  Anderson,  Eli  D. 
Murphy,  James  Bradley,  John  H.  Covey,  Simeon  Colyer,  Spartan  F 
Rhea,  E.  A.  Kelsey,  John  Lambert,  Samuel  Moore,  Alfred  Rhodes, 
William  Ellis,  Robert  McFaren,  Abial  Miles,  Jackson  Prichard,  Joseph 
Prichard  and  William  Wood.  The  improvements  which  had  been  made 
by  Samuel  Speer  consisted  of  a  blacksmith  shop,  which  stood  near 
where  the  courthouse  now  is,  a  small  dwelling  and  a  stable.  The 
shop  was  obtained  by  John  R.  Davis  who  fitted  it  up  for  a  hotel,  and 
there  for  two  or  three  years  he  entertained  travelers  and  attendants 
upon  the  courts.  He  also  obtained  the  first  license  issued  by  the 
county  court  for  a  dramshop. 

Business  Men. — The  first  storehouse  was  built  by  Floyd  Shannon 
immediately  after  the  town  was  laid  out.  It  was  a  small  log  building, 
and  stood  where  Dr.  Buren's  drug  store  now  is.  At  about  the  same 
time  William  Wesley  built  a  similar  house  on  the  lot  about  the  middle 
of  the  block  on  the  west  side  of  the  public  square.  This  was  occupied 
by  R.  B.  Ballew  with  a  stock  of  goods  brought  from  Camden,  Mo. 
Both  of  these  stores  were  small  affairs,  the  stocks  embracing  only  the 
few  staple  articles  required  by  the  pioneers.  But  little  cash  was  then 
used  in  trade,  and  the  purchaser  generally  paid  for  goods  in  skins, 
furs,  meat  or  other  produce.  Brunswick  was  at  first  the  nearest  ship- 
ping place,  but  after  the  completion  of  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph 
Railroad,  Chillicothe  became  the  chief  trading  point  for  this  section. 
In  1848  John  C.  McClelland  arrived  in  Princeton,  and  began  business 
in  a  new  log  house  on  the  southeast  corner  of  the  public  square.  It 
is  said  that  he  began  with  only  $5  capital  and  that  he  borrowed  of  his 
wife.  He  continued  in  business  for  many  years,  and  became  one  of 
the  most  prosperous  merchants  in  the  town.  The  first  merchant  who 
tarried  anything  like  an  extensive  stock  of  goods  was  Elihu  Cleveland 
who  occupied  a  frame  buUding  on  the  site  of  Dr.  Fullerton's  drug 
store.  As  he  had  previously  become  bankrupt,  he  conducted  the  busi- 
ness in  the  name  of  his  brother-in-law,  W.  H.  Switzler. 

Among  the  other  merchants  of  Princeton  prior  to  1860  were  A. 
Sulzbacher,  A.  M.  Clements,  Davis  &  Girdner  (John  R.  Davis  and 
William  J.  Girdner),  V.  B.  Buck  &  Co.,  Moitow  &  Alfrey,  McClel- 
land &  Mullinax  (John  C.  McClelland  and  Eli  Mullinax),  and  John  C. 
W.  Lindsey. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  425 

In  the  earlier  history  of  the  town  dramshops  were  institutions  of 
considerable  importance.  The  first  dramshop  keepers  were  John  R. 
Davis,  James  Blizzard  and  Solomon  Tollerday.  They  did  a  thriving 
business  especially  on  election  days.  A  story,  illustrative  of  the  habits 
and  of  the  rough  humor  of  those  times,  is  told  of  an  occurrence  during 
the  election  in  August,  1846.  Tollerday  in  addition  to  his  liquor  kept 
a  few  sacks  of  salt,  which  he  retailed  to  customers.  A  certain  citizen 
of  the  town,  himself  comfortably  filled  with  corn  juice,  entered  Toller- 
day's  shop,  and  seeing  some  half  dozen  men  lying  on  the  floor  "dead 
dnink ' '  remarked  to  the  proprietor  in  a  tone  of  rebuke  :  ' '  Tollerday 
your  bacon  will  spile  if  you  leave  it  lying  around  such  a  hot  day 
without  any  salt  on  it,  I'll  salt  it  down  for  you."  Suiting  the  action 
to  the  word,  he  di-agged  one  of  the  men  up  against  the  wall,  and  tak- 
ing some  salt  from  an  open  sack,  proceeded  to  salt  him  down.  He 
then  laid  another  man  on  top  of  the  first,  and  put  on  another  layer  of 
salt.  He  continued  until  he  had  them  all  "salted  down,"  and  then 
departed,  remarking,   ' '  I  reckon  that  thar  bacon  will  keep  now. ' ' 

The  first  physician  to  locate  in  Princeton  was  Dr.  J.  B.  Bell.  He 
was  followed  soon  after  by  Dr.  Roberts,  and  Dr.  Andrew  Woolsey. 
Dr.  Turner  was  also  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Princeton 
prior  to  the  war.  At  the  close  of  the  Civil  War,  in  1865,  the  business 
portion  of  Princeton  consisted  of  a  fringe  of  small  frame  buildings 
aroTind  the  public  square,  not  one  of  which  was  worth  more  than  $500. 
The  only  brick  building  was  the  courthouse.  The  trade  of  the  lown 
was  limited  to  a  comparatively  small  area,  as  Princeton  was  then  far- 
ther from  a  railroad  than  any  other  town  in  Northern  Missouri.  The 
merchants  of  Princeton  dui-ing  the  ' '  sixties ' '  were  W.  J.  Girdner, 
David  Eberhard,  Eli  Mullinax  and  John  C.  W.  Lindsey,  dealers  in 
dry  goods;  Israel  Patton  &  Co.,  grocers;  Orlando  Miller,  stoves  and 
tinware;  and  Dr.  T.  M.  FuUerton,  Dr.  H.  A.  Brown  and  Dr.  Smith, 
druggists.  Upon  the  completion  of  the  railroad,  Princeton  received 
a  new  impetus,  and  from  that  time  has  steadily  grown  in  popvilation 
and  wealth.  The  territory  tributary  to  the  town  has  been  greatly  en- 
larged, and  trade  has  increased  in  proportion.  The  old  frame  build- 
ings have  been  replaced  by  elegant  brick  blocks,  equal  to  those  of  any 
town  of  its  size  in  the  State. 

Present  Business  Interests .  — The  business  interests  of  the  town  at 
the  present  time  are  represented  by  the  following  individuals  and 
firms :  Lindsey  Bros. ,  extensive  dealers  in  general  merchandise,  suc- 
ceeded to  the  business  of  their  father,  John  C.  W.   Lindsey,  in  1881. 

»7 


426  HISTORY   OF   MEROEB   COUNTY. 

They  carry  a  large  stock  of  goods,  and  have  good  trade  from  all  parts 
of  the  county. 

Eli  Mullinax,  also  a  dealer  in  general  merchandise,  is  the  oldest 
merchant  now  in  the  county,  having  been  in  business  since  1855.  He 
carries  one  of  the  largest  stocks  of  goods  in  Princeton,  and  has  an  ex- 
cellent trade. 

The  lirm  of  Hill  &  Buren,  composed  of  J.  R.  Hill  and  W.  F. 
Buren,  do  an  extensive  business  in  general  merchandise.  Mr.  Hill 
began  business  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Patton,  Hill  &  Co.,  in 
1876.  In  1878  the  name  of  the  firm  was  changed  to  Gii-dner  &  Hill, 
and  in  1881  to  Hill  &  Brantley.  The  present  partnership  was  formed 
in  1884.  They  occupy  one  room  of  the  new  Bui-en  Block,  which  was 
erected  in  1885. 

John  C.  Casteel,  one  of  the  largest  dealers  in  general  merchandise, 
began  business  soon  after  the  war,  and,  as  a  member  of  various  finns, 
continued  until  1887,  since  which  time  he  has  had  no  partner.  He  is 
well  and  favorably  known  throughout  the  county,  and  consequently 
controls  a  good  trade. 

W.  E.  Cockrell  has  been  engaged  in  the  general  mercantile  business 
in  Princeton  for  the  past  six  years.  He  occupies  a  room  in  the  large 
brick  block  owned  by  Jackson  Prichard,  at  the  southeast  corner  of 
the  public  square.  He  carries  a  well-selected  stock  of  goods,  and 
enjoys  a  fair  share  of  the  trade  of  the  town. 

S.  H.  Kesterson,  who  occupies  a  room  in  the  elegant  brick  block 
owned  by  Capt.  H.  J.  Alley,  on  the  west  side  of  the  public  square, 
began  business  in  1882  in  partnership  with  Ed.  Evans,  as  dealers  in 
groceries  and  confections.  Afterward  he  became  associated  with 
J.  C.  Casteel  in  the  business  in  which  he  is  now  engaged,  but  the 
copartnership  lasted  only  a  short  time. 

Don  Cain,  dealer  in  gents'  furnishing  goods,  boots,  shoes,  etc., 
completes  the  list  in  this  branch  of  mercantile  trade.  He  began 
business  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Cain  &  Casteel,  with  whom  he 
continued  until  the  fire  of  1885.  Since  that  time  he  has  conducted 
an  individual  business  at  his  present  location. 

Three  fii-ms  are  extensively  engaged  in  the  grocery  and  provision 
business.  Edward  B.  Bailey  began  business  in  this  line  in  1883. 
He  occupies  a  large  storeroom  on  the  west  side  of  the  public  square, 
where  he  carries  one  of  the  largest  and  best  selected  stocks  of  grocer- 
ies and  provisions  to  be  found  in  a  town  of  equal  size  in  the    State. 

Wilcox  &  Loe  (G.  W.  Wilcox  and  W.  A.  Loe)  began  business  in 
1887,  in  a  room  in  the  Buren  block.  They  are  affable  and  accom- 
modating gentleman,  and  have  already  obtained  a  good  trade. 


STATE    OF    MISSOUBI.  427 

W.  F.  Holt  began  business  in  October,  1885,  in  partnership  with 
Ed.  Evans,  with  whom  he  was  associated  until  April,  1887.  He  occu- 
pies the  new  brick  building  erected  on  the  north  side  of  the  public  square, 
in  1885. 

Thomas  Woodward,  whose  store  is  located  not  far-  from  the  rail- 
road, completes  the  list  of  grocers. 

In  the  drug  line  the  town  is  well  represented.  One  of  the  largest 
establishments  is  conducted  by  Dr.  W.  F.  Buren,  who  began  business 
in  1876.  He  has  an  extensive  retail  trade,  and  does  some  jobbing 
business.  His  store  occupies  one  room  in  a  large  brick  block,  which 
he  owns,  on  the  north  side  of  the  public  square.  The  oldest  druggist 
in  the  town  is  Dr.  T.  M.  Fulleiion,  who  came  to  Princeton  and  en- 
gaged in  the  business  in  1864.  He  occupies  his  own  building,  which 
stands  at  the  northeast  corner  of  the  public  square. 

Wynne  &  Thompson  began  business  in  1885.  They  carry  one  of 
the  largest  stocks  in  the  town,  and  control  a  good  proportion  of  the 
trade. 

G.  O.  Goodrich  also  does  a  good  business  in  drugs.  The  most 
extensive  dealers  in  hardware  and  machinei-y  are  William  and  David 
Speer,  who  began  business  in  Princeton  in  1871.  They  are  excellent 
business  men,  and  have  built  up  a  large  trade. 

H.  C.  Bowsher,  who  engaged  in  the  grain  business  in  1879  with 
Henry  Cadle,  has  since  added  a  general  line  of  hardware  and  agricult- 
ural implements.  Since  1884  Mr.  Bowsher  has  been  the  sole  pro- 
prietor. 

Wagons  and  agricultural  implements  are  also  handled  by  H.  R. 
Fuller,  and  hardware  and  tinware  by  John  Ashcroft. 

The  only  dealer  in  harness  and  saddlery  in  Princeton  is  P.  C.  Mc- 
Donald, who  has  been  engaged  in  the  business  since  1874.  He  car- 
ries a  very  large  stock,  and  also  manufactures  extensively. 

In  watches  and  jewelry,  the  dealers  are  F.  H.  McDougal  and  E. 
Dengs.     The  former  began  business  in  1883. 

The  lumber  business  is  represented  by  W.  B.  Ballew,  T.  W.  Bal- 
lew  and  —  Shaw. 

In  addition  to  the  above  mercantile  interests  the  town  has  four 
hotels  and  two  liveiy  stables.  The  hotels  are  generally  well  kept, 
but  there  is  great  need  of  a  better  building  for  this  purpose.  Those 
now  in  existence  are  the  Princeton  House,  James  Daly,  proprietor; 
the  Dobbins  House,  Mr.  Dobbins,  proprietor ;  Frost  Hotel,  Jack  Frost, 
proprietor,  and  the  American  House.  The  leading  liveiy  stable  is 
owned  and  managed  by  Rush  Bowsher,  who  has  been  engaged  in  the 
business  for  many  years. 


428  HISTORY    OF    MERCEK    COUNTY. 

Manufacturing  Establishments. — Of  the  manufactm-ing  and  in- 
dustrial enterprises  of  the  town  the  most  important  is  the  Prince- 
ton flouring  mill.  It  is  situated  on  Grand  River  about  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile  west  of  town,  and  was  built  several  years  ago 
by  John  Clark  &  Son,  and  was  afterward  owned  by  B.  Brooks 
and  A.  Mardis,  successively.  In  February,  1878,  it  was  purchased 
by  the  present  proprietor,  J.  P.  Anderson,  who  built  a  new  dam, 
remodeled  the  mill,  pilt  in  more  machinery,  and  added  a  saw 
mill.  He  obtained  a  large  patronage,  and  made  the  enterprise  a 
success,  a  thing  his  predecessors  had  failed  to  accomplish.  He  continued 
to  run  the  floiu-ing-mill  with  buhrs,  until  the  fall  of  1887,  when  he 
replaced  them  with  the  latest  improved  machinery  for  the  roller 
process.  The  mill  now  gives  employment  to  six  men,  and  runs  six 
sets  of  rolls  with  a  capacity  of  forty  barrels  per  day. 

In  1884  Mr.  Anderson  erected  a  small  woolen  mill  just  north  of  the 
public  square.  It  contains  only  four  looms,  and  is  run  but  a  portion 
of  the  year,  a  lack  of  a  sufficient  water  supply  rendering  its  constant 
operation  impossible.  The  products  of  the  mill,  consisting  of  flannels, 
blankets,  yarns,  etc. ,  are  sold  mainly  to  local  customers.  The  mill  is 
under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  R.  A.   McCartney. 

Another  enterprise  of  great  importance  to  the  farmers  of  the  county 
is  the  Speer  Creamery,  which  was  established  by  Speer  Bros,  in  1881, 
and  operated  by  them  until  1886,  when  it  was  leased  by  the  present 
manager,  Mr.  W.  W.  Hampshire.  It  has  proven  of  great  value  to 
the  county,  and  its  business  has  steadily  increased.  In  1882  over 
$10,000  were  paid  for  cream,  from  which  was  made  about  60,000 
pounds  of  butter.  In  1886  the  amount  of  butter  manufactured  had 
increased  to  over  150,000  pounds. 

The  remaining  manufactories  of  Princeton  consist  of  two  black- 
smith and  wagon  shops,  conducted  by  L.  R.  Fuller  and  his  son,  H. 
R.  Fuller,  respectively.  The  former  engaged  in  the  business  in  1863, 
and  the  latter  in  1881. 

Banking.  — The  Mercer  County  Bank,  the  first  banking  institution 
in  the  county,  was  organized  January  10,  1873,  with  a  paid-up  cap- 
ital of  $25,000,  and  an  authorized  capital  stock  of  $1,000,000.  It  be- 
gan business  on  June  Ist  of  the  same  year  with  William  Bradley, 
of  Centerville,  Iowa,  as  president;  R.  B.  Ballew,  vice-president; 
William  Speer,  cashier  and  W.  B.  Ballew,  Eli  Mullinax,  D.  M.  King, 
Ira  B.  Hyde,  Joseph  Webb,  J.  C.  W.  Lindsey,  Jackson  Prichard, 
Henry  Cadle  and  H.  Gr.  Orton,  directors.  Subsequently  Ira  B.  Hyde 
was  chosen  president,  and  Jackson  Prichard,   vice-president,   William 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  429 

Speer  being  retained  as  cashier.  The  enterprise  was  carefully  man- 
aged, and  proved  a  success  from  the  first.  In  addition  to  a  consider- 
able dividend  paid  the  surplus  in  1878  amounted  to  over  $25,000, 
and  at  a  meeting  of  the  directors  on  May  15,  of  that  year,  it  was 
decided  to  reduce  the  nominal  capital  to  $50,000,  and  to  transfer  the 
$25,000  surplus  to  the  capital  stock,  making  the  latter  $50,000,  and 
all  paid  up.  The  bank  was  operated  on  the  new  basis  until  May, 
1879,  when  it  was  decided  to  reduce  the  paid  up  capital  to  the  origi- 
nal amount.  To  do  this  a  new  bank,  the  Bank  of  Princeton,  was 
organized  with  the  same  stockholders  and  officers  as  the  Mercer  County 
Bank,  and  to  it  were  transferred  all  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  the 
old  institution  which  was  then  dissolved.  The  Bank  of  Princeton,  like 
its  predecessor,  has  been  judiciously  managed,  and  it  continues  to 
enjoy  the  confidence  of  the  business  community.  The  following  state 
ment  of  its  financial  condition  was  made  on  August  31,  1887: 

RESOURCES. 

Loans  undoubtedly  good  on  personal  or  collateral  se- 
curity    171,579  72 

Loans  and  discounts  undoubtedly  good  on  real  es- 
tate security 3,813  00 

Over  drafts  by  solvent  creditors 678  31 

United  States  bonds  on  band 000  00 

Otber  bonds  and  stocks  at  tbeir  present  cash  market 

price 1,000  00 

Due  from  other  banks 33,787  23 

Realestate 4,83187 

Furniture  and  fixtures 1,.555  50 

Checks  and  other  cash  items 3,616  33 

Bills  of  national  banks  and  legal  tender  notes 3,144  00 

Gold  coin 6,010  00 

Silver  coin 513  35 

$138,528  09 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital  Stock  paid  in $35,000  00 

Surplus  fund  on  hand 3,750  00 

Undivided  declared  dividends 749  79 

Deposits  subject  to  draft  at  sight 67,846  07 

Deposits  subject  to  draft  at  a  given  date 31, 183  33 

Bills  payable 000  00 

Due  other  banks  and  bankers 000  00 

Expenses  now  due 000  00 

$128,528  09 
The  present  officers  are  William  Speer,   president;  David  Speer, 
cashier  and  ClifFord  Speer,  David  Speer,  William  Speer,  H.  G.  Orton, 
Eli  Mullinax,  Jackson  Prichard  and  John  Boland,  directors. 


430  HISTOBY   OF   MERCEK   COUNTY. 

In  September,  1886,  the  Bank  of  Mercer  County  was  organized 
with  a  capital  stock  of  §20,000,  and  with  the  following  officers:  Ira 
B.  Hyde,  president;  Charles  E.  Minter,  vice-president;  H.  G.  Orton, 
qashier  and  secretaiy,  and  Ira  B.  Hyde,  Charles  E.  Miater,  H.  G. 
Orton,  W.  F.  Buren,  J.  T.  Cook  and  W.  "W.  Judson,  directors. 
Messrs.  Hyde  and  Orton  are  men  of  unquestioned  integrity,  and  good 
financiers,  and  their  associates  are  among  the  best  business  men  of 
the  county.  That  the  institution  is  a  success  is  manifest  from  the 
following  statement  of  its  financial  condition  on  August  31,  1887: 

RESOtJKCES. 

Loans  undoubtedly  good  on  personal  or  collateral  se- 
curity  $33,266  21 

Loans  and  discounts  undoubtedly  good  on  real  estate 

security 945  00 

Over  drafts  by  solvent  creditors 474  31 

United  States  bonds  on  hand 000  00 

Other  bonds  and  stocljs  at  their  present  cash  market 

price 000  00 

Due  from  other  banks  good  on  sight  drafts 10,768  96 

Real  estate 000  00 

Furniture  and  fixtures 1,500  00 

Checks  and  other  cash  items l,5f>3  59 

Bills  of  national  banks  and  legal  tender  notes 1,862  00 

Gold  coin 1,647  50 

Silver  coin 730  75 

152,788  32 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital  Stock  paid  in $10,000  00 

Surplus  funds  on  hand 2,885  41 

Undivided  declared  dividends 000  00 

Deposits  subject  to  draft  at  sight 23,027  96 

Deposits  subject  to  draft  at  given  dates 16,874  95 

Bills  payable 000  00 

Due  other  banks  and  bankers  000  00 

Expenses  now  due 000  00 

152,788  32 

The  officers  of  the  bank  remain  the  same  as  at  the  organization 
except  that  J.  R.  Hill  and  Oscar  R.  Hyde  have  been  added  to  the 
board  of  directors,  and  H.   T.   Allen  made  assistant  cashier. 

The  Press. — The  first  newspaper  established  in  Princeton  was 
the  Reporter,  founded  in  1859,  by  P.  O.  James  and  James  Scar- 
bough,  who  continued  its  publication  until  1861,  when  it  became 
overwhelmed  in  fiuancial  difficulties.  It  was  nominally  neutral  in 
politics,  and  enjoyed  the  support  of  members  of  both  political  parties, 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  431 

but  the  Republicans  finally  became  dissatisfied  with  its  policy,  which 
they  claimed  was  partial  to  the  Democrats.  They  withdrew  their 
support,  and  the  failure  of  the  paper  soon  followed.  It  was  well  ed- 
ited, and,  during  its  short  existence,  did  much  to  promote  the  inter- 
ests of  the  county.  Its  press  and  office  material  were  sold  for  the 
debts  of  the  proprietors. 

During  the  war  the  county  was  without  a  newspaper.  In  the  year 
1866  A.  O.  Binkley  began  the  publication  of  a  weekly  paper  called 
the  Mercer  County  Advance.  It  was  at  first  Republican  in  politics, 
and  so  continued  until  1874.  Mr.  Binkley  continued  as  editor  and 
proprietor  until  1868,  when  he  sold  out  to  Rogers  &  Shaw.  The 
next  year  L.  W.  Brannon,  then  a  printer  in  the  office,  purchased  a 
one-third  interest,  which,  however,  he  kept  but  a  few  months.  In 
1871  he  leased  the  office  for  one  year,  at  the  end  of  which  time  it  was 
purchased  by  C.  E.  Buren,  who,  in  1874,  transferred  it  to  W.  L. 
Robertson.  The  latter  transferred  its  support  to  the  Democratic 
party,  and  continued  its  publication  until  1881.  He  was  then  suc- 
ceeded by  the  present  proprietor,  Sir.  T.  F.  Hensley,  who  changed 
the  name  to  the  People's  Press,  and,  during  the  succeeding  campaign, 
advocated  the  principles  of  the  Greenback  party,  and  supported  its 
candidate.  Mr.  Hensley  had,  however,  been  a  life-long  Democrat, 
and  in  1884  he  returned  to  the  support  of  his  party.  In  October, 
1885,  he  was  appointed  to  a  position  in  the  pension  office  at  Wash- 
ington, and,  since  March,  1886,  the  People's  Press  has  been  under 
the  editorial  management  of  C.  B.  Hensley,  a  brother  of  the  proprie- 
tor, and  a  newspaper  man  of  experience  and  ability.  In  the  tire  of 
1885  the  office  was  destroyed,  but  with  the  exception  of  the  large 
press,  the  greater  part  of  the  fixtures  and  material  were  saved,  and 
the  publication  of  the  Press  was  continued  without  the  loss  of  a  single 
issue. 

In  1873  Mr.  L.  W.  Brannon  established  the  newspaper  which  has 
since  been  known  as  the  Princeton  Telegraph.  Jlr.  Brannon  is  a 
stanch  Republican,  and  a  good  political  writer,  and  he  soon  made  the 
Telegraph  one  of  the  leading  organs  of  his  party  in  this  portion  of  the 
State.  He  continued  its  publication  until  1882,  when  he  sold  the 
office  to  the  jDresent  editor  and  proprietor,  Mr.  W.  E.  Cansdell.  The 
fire  of  1885  also  destroyed  the  office  of  the  Telegraph,  together  with  all 
its  contents,  but  the  proprietor,  with  characteristic  enterprise,  imme- 
diately purchased  the  press  and  material  in  the  office  of  the  Daily 
and  Weekly  Star,  of  Trenton,  and  in  two  weeks  again  issued  the  Tele- 
graph from  his  own  office.     He  now  has  one  of  the  best   equipped 


432  HISTORY    OF    MEKCEK    COUNTY. 

country  newspaper  offices  in  the  State,  and  does  a  large  amount  of  job 
printing.  Mr.  Cansdell  is  a  journalist  of  long  experience,  having 
been  connected  with  several  daily  papers  in  some  of  the  eastern  cities, 
and  the  high  reputation  of  the  Telegraph  has  been  fully  maintained 
under  his  management. 

Fires.  — Princeton  has  been  twice  visited  by  destructive  fii-es.  The 
first  occurred  in  January,  1884,  and  destroyed  all  of  the  buildings  on 
the  south  side  of  the  public  square,  except  two,  and  it  was  only  by  the 
greatest  exertion  that  those  were  saved.  The  buildings  destroyed 
were  Bowsher's  Hotel,  G.  O.  Goodrich's  drag  store,  W.  J.  Heriford's 
bakery,  and  a  meat  market,  none  of  which  have  been  rebuilt. 

On  February  13,  1885,  the  entire  west  side  of  the  square  was 
burned.  How  it  originated  is  not  known,  but  it  began  in  the 
building  occupied  by  Henry  W.  White  &  Son's  family  grocery.  The 
losses  were  as  follows  :  Cain  &  Casteel,  dry  goods,  loss  $8,000,  fully 
insured  ;  Evans  &  Kesterson,  groceries  and  provisions,  loss  on  stock 
$5,000,  insurance,  $2,200  ;  loss  on  building,  $4,500,  insurance 
$3,700  ;  H.  W.  White  &  Son,  groceries  and  provisions,  loss  $14,000, 
insurance  $12,000  ;  Jackson  Cook,  fui'niture  and  undertaker's  sup- 
plies, loss  $8,000,  insurance  $5,000;  Capt.  H.  J.  Alley,  law  office, 
library  and  building,  loss  $6,000,  insurance  $3,000  ;  Squire  Bal- 
lew,  dry  goods,  loss  $6,000,  insurance  $3,000;  the  Masonic  build- 
ing, loss  $5,500,  insurance  $3,500;  Steen  &  Son,  dry  goods,  loss 
11,000,  fully  insured;  W.  L.  Bearden,  photographer;  loss  $1,200  ; 
insurance  $500;  Princeton  Telegraph,  loss  $2,200,  insurance  $1,500; 
People' s  Press,  loss  $1,500,  insurance,  $1,000;  Drs.  May's,  Thomp- 
son's, and  Hiron's  offices;  Read  &  Evans,  attorneys,  library; 
Wes.  Sam's  marble  shop;  Miss  Nannie  Swayze's  and  Mrs.  VerBryck's 
millinery  shops.  Notwithstanding  these  heavy  losses,  the  work  of 
rebuilding  was  begun  at  once,  and  in  less  than  twelve  months,  with 
one  exception,  every  block  had  been  replaced  by  a  much  handsomer 
building  than  the  original. 

Incorporation. — Princeton  was  first  incorporated  at  the  May  term  of 
the  county  coiu't  in  1853,  when  A.  M.  Clements,  John  C.  W.  Lindsey, 
W.  J.  Girdner,  J.  E.  Clark  and  John  E.  Davis  were  appointed  trus- 
tees. This  incorporation  was  made  under  a  general  law,  and  two 
years  later  a  special  charter  was  granted  by  the  Legislature,  under 
which  an  organization  was  effected,  and  maintained  until  the  war, 
when  it  was  allowed  to  lapse.  The  town  was  then  without  any  munici- 
pal government  until  April,  1869,  when  the  county  court  ordered  it 
incorporated  under  a  general  act  of  the  Legislature,  passed  in  1865. 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  433 

At  this  time  the  trustees  appointed  were  H.  G.  Orton,  A.  H.  May,  H.  W. 
White,  John  Casteel,  and  W.  F.  Shaw.  The  powers  of  the  board  of 
trustees  were  found  to  be  too  limited  for  the  efPective  administration 
of  the  sixth  municipal  government,  and  it  was  decided  to  apply 
for  a  new  charter.  Accordingly  a  very  complete  instrument  of  this 
kind  was  prepared  by  Judge  Orton,  and  presented  to  the  General  As- 
sembly as  an  amendment  to  the  charter  of  1855.  It  passed  that  body, 
and  was  approved  by  the  Governor  on  March  20,  1871.  By  this 
charter  the  following  territory  was  incorporated  as  the  town  of 
Princeton:  The  south  half  of  Section  No.  27,  the  north  half  of  Section 
No.  34,  and  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  No.  38;  all  in  Township 
No.  65,  in  Range  No.  2i.  The  board  of  aldermen  appointed  by  this  act 
to  hold  until  the  first  regular  election  i'n  April,  1872,  was  composed  of 
Henry  W.  White,  John  Casteel,  A.  H.  May,  W.  F.  Shaw,  William 
Speer,  Hobart  G.  Orton  and  Richard  B.  Ballew.  The  remaining 
officers  of  the  corporation,  consisting  of  a  mayor,  assessor,  clerk, 
treasurer  and  street  commissioner,  are  elected  by  the  board  of 
aldermen.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  mayors  since  1876  :  T.  B. 
Herrington,  1876-77;  E.  D.  Giles,  1877-79;  Henry  W.  White, 
1879-80;  R.  W.  Steckman,  fi-om  April  to  June,  1880  ;  Webb  Ballew, 
from  June  to  October,  1880  ;  F.  P.  Bnren,  from  October,  1880,  to 
April,  1881  ;  Jesse  Trapp,  1881-83;  John  C.  W.  Lindsey,  1883-84; 
J.  B.  Evans,  1884-87  ;  M.  F.  Robinson,  1887. 

The  clerks  since  1876  have  been  as  follows:  E.  H.  Powell,  1876- 
78;  Jesse  Trapp,  1878-81;  E.  C.  Ballew,  1881-83;  J.  B.  Evans, 
1883-84;  R.  W.  Steckman,  1884. 

The  following  persons  have  filled  the  office  of  marshal :  James  J. 
Owen,  1876-78;  Jesse  Trapp,  from  April  to  November,  1878;  A.  W. 
Clements,  fi-om  October,  1878,  to  April,  1879;  J.  R.  Delana,  1879-80; 
Thomas  Phillips,  1880-82;  John  T.  Cook,  1882-85;  Ed.  Meek,  April 
to  November,  1885;  L.  W.  Brannon,  November,  1885,  to  April,  1886; 
A.  W.  Hutchinson,  1886-87;  Hawley  Heriford,  1887. 

The  present  officers  of  the  town  are  as  follows:  Mayor,  M.  F.  Rob- 
inson; board  of  aldermen,  George  R.  Thompson,  J.  C.  Casteel,  R. 
W.  Steckman,  H.  T.  Allen,  J.  M.  Alley,  Eli  Mullinax,  R.  Bowsher; 
assessor  and  marshal,  Hawley  Heriford;  clerk,  R.  W.  Steckman; 
treasurer,  J.  M.  Alley ;  street  commissioner,  J.  A.  Montgomery. 

Additions,  Etc. — Princeton,  as  originally  laid  out,  covered  about 
forty  acres,  the  remainder  of  the  eighty  acres  entered  by  the  county 
seat  commissioners  having  been  sold  in  large  blocks.  Twenty  acres  of 
the  northern  part  were  sold  to  John  S.  Cook  at  |2  per  acre;  two  acres  in 


434  HISTOEY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

the  southeast  corner,  to  James  Blizzard  at  $3  per  acre;  and  five  acres 
in  the  southwest  corner,  to  George  T.  Prichard  for  $18.  The  forty 
or  fifty  acres  laid  out  into  lots  and  streets  were  divided  into  twenty- 
six  blocks,  140  feet  square,  containing  six  and  eight  lots,  and  eleven 
blocks  of  irregular  shape  and  varying  size.  The  streets  were  not  laid 
off  due  north  and  south  and  east  and  west,  but  at  an  angle .  All 
were  made  thirty-three  feet  wide,  except  Main  and  Broadway 
which  were  made  sixty  feet.  Since  the  original  survey  additions 
have  been  made  about  as  follows:  Fourteen  lots,  in  1857,  by  W.  J. 
Girdiier;  twenty  lots,  in  1866,  by  A.  M.  Clements;  four  lots,  in  1868, 
by  D.  M.  King,  E.  Blachley  and  S.  H.  Ferryman;  seven  lots,  con- 
taining eleven  acres,  in  1868,  by  Mary  J.  Prichard:  twenty-eight  lots, 
in  1870,  by  Nora  M.  Cornwell;  sixteen  lots,  in  1871,  by  J.  V.  Granlee; 
sixty  lots,  in  1871,  by  Ada  T.  Prichard;  ten  lots,  in  1873,  by  J.  V. 
Granlee;  twenty  lots,  in  1874,by  Eli  Mullinax;  three  blocks,  in  1875, 
by  Jackson  Prichard;  nineteen  lots,^in  1876,  by  Eli  Mullinax;  three 
lots,  in  1876,  by  Jacob  Hawk;  a  small  addition,  in  1878,  by  J.  V. 
Granlee;  eight  lots,  in  1880,  by  L.  E.  Fuller;  thirteen  lots,  in  1883, 
by  J.  V.  Granlee;  and  thirteen  lots,  in  1887,  also  by  Mr.  Granlee. 

Secret  and  Other  Societies. — Mercer  Lodge,  No.  35,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. 
— Of  the  secret  and  beneficiary  orders,  the  Masonic  fraternity  was  the 
first    to   organize    a   lodge   in   Princeton.     Mercer   Lodge,   No.    35, 

A.  F.  &  A.  M. ,  was  organized  under  dispensation  from  Grand  Master 

B.  W.  Grover  on  June  24,  1852.  by  B.  M.  Smith.  The  officers  in- 
stalled were  Dr.  James  B.  BeU,  W.  M. ;  John  E.  McClelland,  S.  W. ; 
James  B.  Clark,  J.  W. ;  William  Kelsey,  Treasurer,  Martin  Moss, 
Tyler;  Abial  Miles,  Secretary;  Israel  Nordyke,  S.  D.,  and  J.  B. 
Burris,  J.  D.  The  first  member  initiated  was  G.  W.  Clinkinbeard, 
on  October  5,  1852.  The  original  members  included  some  of  the 
most  prominent  of  the  early  citizens  of  the  county,  and  they  laid  the 
foundation  of  a  prosperous  organization.  Meetings  were  at  first  held 
in  a  frame  hall  which  stood  on  the  southeast  corner  of  the  square. 
It  was  used  for  several  years,  when  it  was  removed,  and  now  forms  a 
part  of  the  Dobbin' s  House.  It  was  replaced  by  a  brick  block,  which 
was  destroyed  in  the  fire  of  1885.  The  lodge  then  determined  to 
erect  a  still  finer  building,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  the  pres- 
ent handsome  brick  block,  two  stories  high,  with  a  basement,  was 
completed  at  a  cost  of  $6, 500.  The  first  floor  is  occupied  by  the  Bank 
of  Mercer  County.  The  lodge  room  occupying  the  upper  floor  is  un- 
doubtedly the  finest  in  the  State,  outside  of  some  of  the  larger  cities. 
It  is  seventy  feet  long,  twenty-three  feet  wide  and  sixteen  feet  high, 


STATE    OF    MISSOUBI.  435 

with  commodious  ante-rooms  and  wardrobes.  The  floor  is  covered  with 
a  brussels  carpet,  and  the  furniture,  and  paraphernalia  are  correspond- 
ingly elegant. 

As  a  portion  of  the  records  of  the  lodge  was  destroyed  by  the  fire, 
the  fcillowing  list  of  Past  Masters  is  incomplete,  but  is  as  full  as  could 
be  made:  Dr.  J.  B.  Bell,  1852-54;  J.  R.  Clark,  1854-56;  Andi-ew 
Woolsey,  1856-57;  Dr.  J.  B.  Bell,  1857-58;  R.  A.  Kelsey,  1858-59; 
G.  B.  Gillihan,  1859-60;  John  Woodward,  1860-62;  Andrew  Wool- 
sey. 1862-63;  B.  F.  Cornwell,  1863-64;  ***** 
H.  J.  Alley,  1873-74;  J.  C.  W.  Lindsey,  1874-75;  S.  H.  Perry- 
man  1875-76;  Dr.  W.  F.  Buren,  1876-78;  P.  C.  McDonald,  1878-80; 
Dr.  A.  H.  May,  1880-82;  Joel  H.  Shelly,  1882-83;  R.  W.  Steck- 
man,  1883-85;  Dr.  William  Hirons,  1885-86;  W.  H.  Harper, 
1886-87. 

The  lodge  now  numbers  about  eighty-six  members.  The  oflScers 
are  as  follows:  W.  P.  Lindsey,  W.  M. ;  James  H.  Moss,  S.  W. ; 
John  F.  McClaren,  J.  W. ;  William  Harris,  Secretary;  R.  W.  Steck- 
man,  S.  D. ,   and  Dr.  G.  B.  Thompson,  J.  D. 

Princeton  Lodge,  No.  63,  I.  0.  O.  F.,  was  organized  on  August 
31,  1853, by  John  G.  Flournoy,  of  Linneus,  Mo.,  the  District  Deputy 
Grand  Master.  The  lodge  continued  its  existence  until  1859,  when, 
owing  to  internal  trouble,  and  the  distm-bed  condition  of  the  country, 
incident  to  the  approach  of  the  Civil  War,  its  charter  was  arrested  by 
Hon.  R.  A.  Debolt,  then  District  Deputy  Grand  Master.  The  charter 
and  books  remained  in  the  Grand  Secretary's  office  in  St.  Louis  until 
1873,  when,  the  town  of  Princeton  having  taken  new  life  by  the 
building  of  the  Rock  Island  Railroad,  it  was  thought  advisable  to  re- 
vive the  lodge,  and  an  informal  meeting:  was  held,  at  which  time  the 
following  survivors  of  the  old  lodge  responded:  J.  C.  W.  Lindsey, 
W.  J.  Girdner,  Henry  Neill,  Reuben  Perkins  and  M.  A.  Louderback, 
to  whom  were  added  the  following  persons  holding  withdrawal  cards 
from  other  lodges :  D.  F.  Kreider,  Henry  Griser,  and  T.  C.  Young. 
These  brethren  petitioned  the  Grand  Master  for  a  restoration  of  the 
charter,  which  was  granted,  and  C.  A.  Conrads,  of  Trenton,  D.  D.  G. 
M. ,  accompanied  by  a  large  delegation  from  that  town,  reorganized 
and  reinstituted  Princeton  Lodge,  No.  63,  on  the  night  of  April  25, 
1873,  with  the  following  officers:  J.  C.  W.  Lindsey,  N.  G. ;  W.  J. 
Gu-dner,  V.  G. ;  D.  F.  Kreider,  Sec,  and  Henry  Neill,   Treas. 

A  singular  incident  at  the  reorganization  was  the  restoration  of  the 
charter  of  the  lodge  by  Judge  Debolt  to  Mr.  Lindsey,  the  Noble 
Grand,  who  was  also  the  Noble  Grand  at  the  time  of  its  arrest  by  the 


436 


HISTOEY    OP    MERCER    COUNTY. 


former  fourteen  years  before.  At  this  meeting  the  lodge  initiated  two 
members,  Henry  Cadle  and  Robert  Bowsher,  and  these  two  are  the 
only  members  of  that  period  left,  all  the  others  having  since  died  or 
removed  their  membership.  Mr.  Cadle  has  since  been  Grand  Master 
of  the  State.  The  lodge  had  a  precarious  existence,  not  growing 
much  either  in  membership  or  in  influence  until  1881,  when  it  publicly 
celebrated  the  anniversary  of  the  order  on  April  26,  of  that  year.  This 
demonstration  was  largely  attended,  and  its  effect  was  to  give  the  lodge 
a  new  impetus,  and  its  growth  may  be  said  to  date  from  that  time. 
It  increased  rapidly  in  membership,  and  gathered  in  a  large  proportion 
of  the  leading  men  of  the  town.  Then  came  a  demand  for  an  en- 
campment with  its  exalted  degrees,  and  Princeton  Encampment,  No. 
91,  was  instituted  on  December  13,  1881,  by  the  Grand  Patriarch,  G. 

D.  Gray,  with  the  following  officers :  Henry  Cadle,  Chief  Patriarch ; 
P.   C.  McDonald,  High  Priest;  Dr.   W.  F.  Buren,  Senior  Warden ;  T. 

E.  Evans,  Junior  Warden;  J.  H.  Shelly,  Scribe,  and  Samuel  Strouse, 
Treasurer. 

The  encampment  started  out  with  great  eclat,  and  on  the  night  of 
its  organization  many  Patriarchs  from  other  towns,  including  the 
Grand  Patriarch  of  Iowa,  were  present.  The  Trenton  Encampment 
came  in  full  uniform,  and  a  band  accompanying,  gave  a  public  parade. 

Princeton  Encampment  has  had  a  phenomenal  growth,  drawing 
members  from  nearly  all  the  neighboring  towns,  and  with  one  of  the 
finest  outfits  in  the  way  of  paraphernalia  in  the  State,  it  has  gained  the 
reputation  of  being  one  of  the  best  encampments.  At  one  time  the 
members  purchased  forty  handsome  uniforms,  and  became  proficient 
in  the  drill,  and  they  have  taken  part  in  public  parade  in  diilerent 
cities,  both  in  and  out  of  the  State.  This  gave  rise  to  the  establish- 
ment of  Princeton  Uniformed  Degree  Camp,  No.  2  (the  second  in  the 
State),  which  was  instituted  on  January  11,  1883,  and  was  finally 
merged  into  Canton  Princeton,  No.  2,  of  the  Patriarch's  Militant, 
which  has  since  continued  as  the  display  branch  of  the  order. 

Captain  Stanley  Post,  No.  79,  Grand  Army  of  tfie  Republic,  was 
organized  on  May  26,  1883,  by  Charles  M.  Clark,  of  Kansas  City. 
The  members  mustered  in  and  the  officers  elected  were  as  follows:  J. 
H.  Shelly,  Thirteenth  Missouri  Cavalry,  Commander;  T.  E.  Evans, 
Fourteenth  Ohio  Infantry,  Senior  Vice-Commander;  J.  J.  Stanley, 
Second  Missom-i  Cavalry,  Junior  Vice-Commander;  S.  M.  Waj'man, 
Seventh  Iowa  Infantry,  Chaplain;  J.  R.  Hill,  Twenty-third  Missouri 
Infantry,  Quartermaster;  F.  H.  McDougal,  First  West  Virginia 
Cavalry,  Quartermaster-Sergeant;  J.  D.  Dykes,   Thirty-fifth  Missouri 


STATE    OF    MISSOUEI.  437 

Infantry,  Sergeant-Major;  Hawley  Heriford,  Twenty-third  Missouri 
Infantry,  Adjutant;  and  J.  C.  MeKiddy,  Third  Missouri  Infantry, 
Surgeon.  H.  T.  Allen,  Eighty-third  Illinois  Infantry;  John  L.  Allen, 
Thirteenth  Illinois  Cavali-y;  E.  J.  Abrams,  Fifth  Kansas  Infantry;  L. 
W.  Brannon,  Sixth  Iowa  Infantry;  W.  J.  Boyle,  3eeond  Missouri 
Cavalry;  Joseph  W.  Bayles,  Seventy-eighth  Illinois  Infantry;  J.  W. 
CardifP,  Eleventh  Iowa  Infantry;  W.  L.  Griffith,  Seventh  Missouri 
State  Militia;  George  S.  Heck,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-sixth  Penn- 
sylvania Infantry;  Ira  B.  Hyde,  First  Minnesota  Mounted  Rangers; 
Lester  King,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry;  William  T.  Kesterson,  Third 
Missouri  Infantry;  A.  K.  Mills,  Twenty-third  Ohio  Infantry;  Daniel 
Martin,  Eighteenth  Missouri  Infantry;  J.  A.  Montgomery,  Seventh 
Iowa  Infantry;  J.  B.  Nash,  Thirty-fourth  Iowa  Infantry;  James  I. 
Owen,  Seventh  Missouri  Infantry;  James  B.  Ormsby,  Twenty-third 
Iowa  Infantry;  A.  R.  Patton,  Third  Missouri  Cavalry;  J.  L. 
Perkins,  Seventh  Illinois  Infantry;  W.  J.  Phillips,  First  Missouri 
Cavalry;  W.  T.  Scott,  Seventh  Illinois  Cavalry;  Stephen  Wayman, 
Thirteenth  Iowa  Infantry;  E.  W.  Wells,  Third  Missouri  Infantry,  and 
Allen  Rogers,  Third  Missouri  Infantry. 

The  post  has  been  highly  prosperous  since  its  organization,  and  has 
enrolled  a  total  of  123  names.  A  commodious  hall  has  been  fitted  up 
in  the  new  Buren  block,  where  the  regular  meetings  are  held.  The 
Post  Commanders  have  been  J.  H.  Shelly,  T.  E.  Evans,  J.  R.  HOI, 
H.  T.  Allen,  and  J.  L.  Perkins.  The  present  officers  are  J.  R. 
Hill,  Commander;  Hawley  Heriford,  Senior  Vice-Commander;  J.  J. 
Stanley,  Junior  Vice-Commander;  L.  W.  Brannon,  Quartermaster; 
Henry  T.  Allen,  Quariermaster- Sergeant;  Martin  Read,  Sergeant- 
Major;  F.  H.  McDougal,  Adjutant,  and  W.  A.  Loe,  Chaplain. 

Mercer  County  Lodge,  No.  Si^,  Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen, 
was  instituted  on  October  28,  1878,  with  the  following  charter  members : 
W.  F.  Buren,  Master  Workman;  J.  H.  Shelly,  Overseer;  David  Speer, 
Receiver;  A.  R.  Patton,  Financier;  T.  E.  Evans,  Gay  Aufricht,  E.  C. 
Ballew,  E.  D.  Giles,  R.  Carter,  William  P.  Lindsey,  Arthur  Edson,  J. 
R.  Hill,  R.  C.  H.  Lindsey,  R.  W.  Riddell,  E.  Blachley,  F.  P.  Buren, 
W.  L.  Robertson,  Rush  Bowsher,  Abner  George,  J.  R.  Delana,  P.  C. 
McDonald,  and  G.  O.  Goodrich.  The  lodge  has  experienced  uniform 
prosperity,  and  a  good  membership. 

The  Past  Master  Workmen  are  as  follows:  W.  F.  Buren,  T.  E. 
Evans,  H.  T.  Allen,  W.  P.  Lindsey,  P.  C.  McDonald,  H.  C.  Miller, 
Dr.  William  Hirons  and  Prof.  D.  K.  Thomas.  The  present  officers 
are  as  follows:     Dr.    William  Hirons,    Master    Workman;    James    P. 


438  HISTORY    OF    MERGER    COUNTY. 

Anderson,  Overseer;  T.  E.  Evans,  Foreman;  H.  C.  Miller,  Guard; 
J.  A.  Thompson,  Recorder;  J.  E.  Hill,  Financier;  H.  T.  Allen,  Re- 
ceiver. 

The  Mercer  County  Medical  Society  was  organized  in  February, 
1884,  veith  the  following  officers  and  members :  Dr.  J.  L.  Shiplej^,  of 
Eavanna,  President;  Dr.  A.  H.  May,  of  Princeton,  Vice-President;  Dr. 
G.  M.  Bristow,  Secretary;  Dr.  Monahan,  Treasurer;  C.  P.  Bashond, 
of  Modena;  Dr.  K.  G.  Smith,  of  Princeton,  and  Dr.  K.  W.  Travis,  of 
Modena;  to  whom  have  since  been  added.  Dr.  Brown,  of  Newtown; 
Dr.  J.  E.  Callaway,  of  Eavanna;  Dr.  Thomas  Calbreath,  of  Somerset; 
Dr.  E.  Glendenning,  of  Lineville;  Dr.  HufP,  of  Modena;  Dr.  J.  B. 
Eobertson,  of  Half  Eock,  and  one  or  two  others  from  outside  the 
county.  The  object  of  the  society  is  the  mutual  improvement  of  its 
members,  and  meetings  are  held  every  three  months,  at  which  papers 
upon  various  subjects  connected  with  the  profession  are  read  and  dis- 
cussed. The  present  officers  are  Dr.  E.  Glendenning,  President;  Dr. 
J.  B.  Eobertson,  Vice-President;  Dr.  C.  P.  Bashond,  Secretary,  and 
Dr.  G.  M.  Bristow,  Treasurer. 

The  Agricultural  Association. — The  first  agricultural  associa- 
tion in  Mercer  County,  organized  in  1859,  was  incorporated  by 
the  following  order  from  the  county  court,  April  15,  1859:  "This 
day  a  petition  signed  by  more  than  fifty  free  holders  of  Mercer 
County,  for  the  organization  of  a  county  agricultural  and  mechanical 
society,  to  be  called  the  Mercer  County  Agricultural  and  Mechani- 
cal Society,  was  presented,  praying  that  this  court  would  make  an 
order  declaring  such  petitioners  incorporated  for  such  purposes.  It  is 
therefore  ordered  by  the  court  that  such  a  society  be  organized,  and 
the  petitioners  declared  a  body  corporate  and  politic,  by  the  name 
and  style  of  the  Mercer  County  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Society, 
and  it  is  further  ordered  that  the  sum  of  SoO  be  appropriated  out  of 
the  county  treasury  of  Mercer  County,  for  the  purpose  of  purchasing 
premises  for  said  society."     An  organization  was  then  effected  with 

the  following  officers: ,  president:  L.  C.  Wynne,  secretary; 

Charles  Scott,  treasurer,  and  William  R.  McKinley,  J.  A.  Kennedy, 
Charles  O.  Ewiog,  Jonas  J.  Clark,  Jackson  Prichard,  Charles  Scott 
and   three  others  whose  names  are  now  forgotten,  directors. 

The  first  fair  was  held  in  the  fall  of  1859,  just  northwest  of 
Princetoa  Some  stock  was  exhibited,  and  a  short  race  track  was 
laid  out  upon  which  several  trials  of  speed  were  had.  The  court- 
house did  duty  as  a  floral  hall.  After  this  fair,  it  was  decided  to 
locate  permanent  grounds,  and  Princeton,  Goshen  City  and  Ravanna 


STATE    OF    MISSOTJEI.  439 

became  competitors  for  them.  Kavanna  having  raised  the  largest 
subscription  in  aid  of  the  association  was  chosen.  Fifteen  acres  of 
land  were  leased  from  S.  H.  Draper  for  a  term  of  ten  j-ears.  There 
annual  fairs  were  held  imtil  the  expiration  of  the  lease,  when  the 
society  disbanded. 

In  1869  some  of  the  leading  agriculturists  of  Mercer  and  adjoining 
counties  organized  a  society  styled  the  ' '  Independent  District  Agricult- 
ui'al  Association,"  which,  however,  proved  of  short  duration.  Three 
fairs  were  held  on  the  grounds  of  the  county  society  at  Ravanna,  and, 
not  proving  as  successful  as  had  been  expected,  the  society  suspended. 
No  further  attempt  was  made  to  organize  an  association  or  to  hold 
fairs  for  nearly  ten  years. 

The  present  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Association  of  Mercer 
County  was  organized  on  November  3,  1880,  at  which  time  the  fol- 
lowing officers  and  directors  were  elected:  H.  J.  Alley,  president; 
Ira  B.  Hyde,  vice-president;  James  Burrows,  secretary;  David  Speer, 
treasurer,  and  F.  M.  Evans,  Kichard  Brantley,  C  E.  Minter,  Clark 
Deshler,  Jackson  Prichard,  Thomas  E.  Sallee,  John  Snyder,  J.  S. 
England,  R.  C.  Lindsey,  Ira  B.  Hyde,  Jackson  Cook,  Robert  Bowsher 
and  Eli  Mullinax.  One  hundred  and  fifty  shares  of  $25  each  were 
issued,  and  forty  acres  of  land  lying  about  200  yards  west  of  the 
Rock  Island  depot  were  purchased  for  the  fair  grounds.  This  tract 
seemed  to  have  been  fitted  for  that  purpose  by  nature.  It  is  nearly 
level,  being  inclined  just  enough  to  secure  drainage,  and  originally 
was  entirely  covered  by  forest  trees,  with  the  exception  of  about 
six  acres  occupied  by  a  beautiful  lake,  around  which  has  been  con- 
structed a  half  mile  race  course. 

The  buildings  which  have  been  erected  consist  of  a  strongly  con- 
structed amphitheater,  capable  of  seating  1,000  people;  a  two-stoiy 
floral  hall,  30x60  feet;  ^eighty  closed  stalls  for  stock,  and  sixty 
open  stalls.  In  improving  the  grounds  comparatively  few  trees 
were  removed,  and  ample  shade  is  afforded  for  the  hundreds  who 
attend  the  annual  fairs.  The  association  is  composed  of  some  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  county,  and  it  has  already  done  much  to  arouse 
an  interest  in  the  best  methods  of  farming,  and  the  breeding  of  a 
better  class  of  stock.  Fairs  have  been  held  each  year  since  the  organ- 
ization of  the  association,  with  the  exception  of  1886,  when  the  long 
continued  drought  rendered  it  impracticable.  The  present  affairs  of 
the  association  are  as  follows:  President,  David  Speer;  vice-president. 
Dr.  W.  F.  Buren;  treasurer,  M.  F.  Robinson;  secretary,  Martin 
Reeves;   directors,   John   Higgins,  H.    J.   Alley,   Dr.   W.   F.   Buren, 


440  HISTORY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

W.  A.  Loe,  G.  W.  Wilcox,  Jackson  Cook,  E.  B.  Bailey,  W.  H. 
McKinley,  M.  F.  Kobinson,  T.  E.  Sallee,  J.  W.  Boyd,  J.  H.  SheUy 
and  David  Speer. 

Ravanna,  the  second  town  in  importance  in  Mercer  County, 
was  laid  out  in  the  spring  of  1857  by  "William  R.  McKinley  and 
•  Addison  Sparks,  and  is  situated  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  north- 
east quarter  of  Section  10,  in  Township  65,  Range  23.  Forty-eight 
lots  were  laid  off,  to  which  have  since  been  made  two  additions,  one 
of  sixty-four  lots  and  a  public  square  made  by  S.  H.  Draper,  in 
April,  1858,  and  the  other  of  thirty-two  lots,  made  by  W.  R.  McKinley, 
G.  B.  Gillihan  and  D.  B.  Gregory. 

The  first  house  on  the  site  of  the  town  was  erected  in  1855  by  W. 
R.  McKinley,  for  a  dwellimg.  It  was  a  small  log  building,  and  stood 
where  the  Ravanna  Hotel  now  is.  The  next  year  an  addition  was 
made  to  this  house,  and  a  small  stock  of  goods  put  in.  At  about  the 
same  time  the  store  house  now  occupied  by  Loury  Bros,  was 
erected  and  occupied  by  Dillon  Morris,  who  after  about  one  year  was 
succeeded  by  John  Coffman.  Later  the  same  building  was  occupied 
by  Kabrich  &  West  (George  Kabrich  and  William  C.  West).  The  first 
blacksmith  shop  was  established  by  Jacob  Loutzenhiser,  a  son-in-law 
of  W.  R.  McKinley.  He  still  lives  just  south  of  town,  where  he 
located  in  1855.  Philip  Merrill,  D.  B.  Gregory,  Robert  Bull  and 
Pleasant  Henry  were  also  among  the  early  residents  of  the  town. 
The  last  two  carried  on  a  general  mercantile  business  in  the  build- 
ing on  the  corner  north  of  Loury  Bros. '  store.  The  first  physicians 
to  locate  in  Ravanna  were  Drs.  Harle,  Jones  and  Williams. 

Among  the  business  of  the  town  during  the  first  few  years  succeed- 
ing the  war  were  Speer  Bros.,  now  of  Princeton,  Calvin  Saylors, 
Albert  Bruse,  and  James  Burrows.  In  1877  the  business  interests 
were  represented  as  follows:  D.  W.  Loury  &  Co.,  W.  W.  Holmes, 
and  Calloway  &  Helm,  general  merchandise ;  Albert  Bnise,  hardware 
and  implements;  W.  H.  McGrath,  drugs;  and  S.  H.  Storms,  wagons 
and  carnages. 

Previous  to  the  completion  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad  through  Putnam  and  Sullivan  Counties,  Ravanna  was  one  of 
the  best  business  points  in  a  large  area  of  country,  and  while  its  trade 
has  been  somewhat  curtailed  by  the  building  of  that  road,  this  effect, 
it  is  thought,  will  be  only  temporary.  The  town  now  contains  three 
excellent  general  stores,  conducted  by  Lom-y  Bros.,  Holmes  Bros, 
and  L.  F.  Parrish.  The  first  two  each  have  branch  stores,  the  former 
at  Lucerne  and  the  latter  at  Newtown.     Other  lines  of  merchandise  are 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  441 

also  well  represented — groceries,  by  J.  C.  Mitchell  aud  Hiram  Painter, 
hardware  and  harness,  by  D.  F.  Loutzenhiser ;  di'ugs,  by  A.  C.  Storms; 
furniture,  by  Joseph  Jenkins,  and  millinery,  by  Mrs.  L.  A.  Ballah  and 
Mrs.  Jane  Storms. 

The  remg,ining  business  of  the  town  consists  of  two  blacksmith 
shops  conducted  by  Hollingsworth  &  Hamilton  and  Holmes  &  Epper- 
son, respectively,  and  a  steam  grist  mill,  owned  and  operated  by  J.  J. 
Johnson.  Two  physicians  of  excellent  ability  and  rejjutation,  Drs.  J. 
L.  Shipley  and  J.  E.  Calloway,  have  been  residents  of  the  town  for 
several  years.      The  legal  profession  is  represented  by  V.  F.  Rowley. 

In  November,  1886,  a  weekly  newspaper  known  as  the  Ravanna 
Review  was  established  by  T.  H.  Graves,  who,  in  May,  following,  re- 
moved it  to  Lucerne,  and  changed  its  named  to  the  Lucerne  Bee.  This 
was  the  only  paper  ever  published  in  the  town. 

The  postoffice  now  at  Ravanna  was  formerly  called  Sonoma,  and 
was  kept  by  J.  B.  Anderson,  who  had  a  little  store  about  three  miles 
east  of  the  town.  The  postmasters  since  its  removal,  as  correctly  as 
could  be  ascertained,  have  been  Dillon  Morris,  B.  F.  Strong,  James 
Burrows,  N.  H.  Rogers,  Joel  Rogers,  Albert  Bruse,  L.  F.  Parrish 
and  Joseph  Jenkins. 

Ravanna  was  incorporated  by  an  order  of  the  county  court  made  on 
March  7,  1870,  at  which  time  the  following  trustees  were  appointed: 
Albert  Bruse,  J.  J.  Johnson,  Charles  Wilson,  Joel  Rogers  and  V.  F. 
Rowley.  This  incorporation  has  since  been  maintained.  The  officers 
at  the  present  time  are:  board  of  trustees,  J.  L.  Shipley,  chairman, 
M.  W.  Lowry,  W.  A.  Hollingsworth,  Joseph  Jenkins  and  C.  M.  Wil- 
son; marshal  and  collector,  B.  Mitchell;  treasurer,  Hiram  Painter; 
clerk,  William  Burris,  and  street  commissioner,  J.  J.  Johnson. 

The  social  standing  of  the  people  of  Ravanna  is  deservedly  high, 
and  churches,  schools  and  secret  orders  are  well  supported. 

Secret  Societies.  — Ravanna  Lodge,  No.  258,  A.  F.  &  A.  M. ,  was 
instituted  under  a  dispensation  from  the  Grand  Lodge  on  the  6th 
of  November,  1867,  with  the  following  officers:  A.  Bruse,  Worshipful 
Master;  W.  B.  Rogers,  Senior  Warden;  J.  A.  Kennedy,  Junior  War- 
den; D.  J.  Dui-ee,  Treasurer;  W.  T.  Beacham,  Secretary;  J.  C.  Fos- 
ter, Senior  Deacon,  and  F.  M.  Evans,  Junior  Deacon.  The  charter 
was  granted  on  October  15,  1868.  In  1872  a  frame  building  22x44 
feet,  with  a  hall  above  and  store  room  below,  was  built  by  the  lod^e  in 
co-operation  with  N.  H.  Rogers.  The  total  cost  was  $1,525,  of  which 
Mr.  Rogers  paid  one-half.  The  Past  Masters  of  this  lodge  are  Albert 
Bruse,  J.  A.  Kennedy,  J.  C.  Foster,  A.  B.  Anderson,  E.  B.  Anderson, 


442  HISTORY   OF   MERCER   COUNTY. 

J.  L.  Shipley  and  John  McRae.  The  officers  elected  for  1888  are  aB 
follows:  J.  L.  Shipley,  Worshipful  Master;  A.  B.  Anderson,  Senior 
Warden;  G.  Wilson,  Junior  Warden;  J.  C.  Foster,  Treasurer;  Joseph 
Jenkins,  Secretary,  and  S.  H.  Storms,  Tyler. 

Ravanna  Lodge,  No.  297,  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  was  organized  on  May  24, 
1873,  and  received  its  charter  on  the  10th  of  the  following  month. 
The  first  of&cers  were  V.  F.  Rowley,  Noble  Grand;  Samuel  Flock, 
Vice  Grand;  Albert  Bruse,  Treasurer,  and  G.  B.  Potts,  Secretary. 
The  first  members  initiated  were  John  C.  Arbuckle,  John  Cooper  and 
Jacob  Eidson.  The  following  are  the  Past  Grands  of  this  lodge:  V. 
F.  Rowley,  S.  H.  Storms,  Thomas  Cooper,  Albert  Bruse,  D.  W.  Lowry, 
M.  W.  Lowry,  W.  A.  Hollingsworth,  I.  M.  Van  Buskirk,  Joseph  Jenkins, 
F.  E.  Wade,  Jacob  Eidson,  Cyrus  Deyoe,  J.  D.  Weaver,  Jacob  Harriman, 
J.  M.  Deyoe  and  B.  F.  Reeves.  The  present  membership  is  thirty-two. 
The  officers  are  D.  F.  Loutzenhiser,  Noble  Grand;  S.  J.  Epperson, 
Vice  Grand;  W.  F.  Burris,  Secretary,  and  S.  H.  Storms,  Treasurer. 
The  one-half  interest  in  the  Masonic  building,  owned  by  N.  H.  Rogers, 
has  been  purchased,  and  the  lodge  room  is  used  by  both  fraternities. 

Rosseaii  Post,  No.  80,  G.  A.  R.,  was  organized  at  Ravanna,  on 
May  28,  1883,  by  C.  W.  Clark,  of  Kansas  City,  at  which  time  the 
following  officers  and  members  were  mustered:  Dr.  J.  L.  Shipley, 
Twenty-third  Iowa  Infantry,  Commander;  J.  E.  Calloway,  Twenty- 
eighth  Illinois  Infantry,  Senior  Vice  Commander;  Lemuel  McDonald, 
First  Wisconsin  Infantry,  Junior  Vice  Commander;  D.  M.  King, 
Missouri  State  Militia,  Surgeon;  L.  F.  Pan-ish,  Seventeenth  Iowa  In- 
fantry, Chaplain;  William  H.  Goddard,  Sixth  Missouri  State  Militia 
Cavalry ;  Calvin  Morris,  Eighteenth  Missouri  Infantry ;  W.  H.  Smalley, 
Second  Missouri  Cavalry;  Jacob  Eidson,  Tenth  Illinois  Infantry; 
John  D.  Weaver,  Eleventh  Pennsylvania  Infantry;  Adolphus  Thomp- 
son, Forty- fourth  Indiana  Infantry;  William  Howser,  Seventh  Mis- 
souri Cavalry;  D.  W.  Loury,  Forty-fourth  Missouri  Infantry;  W.  A. 
Hollingsworth,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry;  L.  T.  Thompson,  Forty- 
fourth  Indiana  Infantry;  John  Smalley,  Second  Missoiu'i  Cavalry; 
C.  T.  Cousins,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry;  Jacob  Loutzenhiser,  Second 
Missoui'i  Cavalry;  James  Lanaley,  Seventeenth  Ohio  Infantry;  M.  M. 
Gannon,  Twenty-third  Missoxiri  Infantry;  C.  A.  Farley,  Twelfth 
Missouri  Cavalry;  William  McKinley,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry;  N.  J. 
McMurray,  Eighteenth  Iowa  Infantry;  O.  J.  Reeves,  Ninety-ninth 
Indiana  Infantry;  Peter  Evans,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry;  Joseph 
Weesner,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry;  L.  D.  Collings,  Second  Missouri 
Cavalry;  S.    P.    Hall,    Third  Missouri   Cavalry;    James   R.    Brown, 


1 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  443 

Ninety- ninth  Indiana  Infantry;  Jesse  Evans,  Twelfth  Missouri  Cav- 
alry; Elias  Spurgeon,  Third  Missouri  Cavalry;  William  W.  Reeves, 
Ninety-ninth  Indiana    Infantry;    Thomas  Claphan,    Sixty-fifth   Ohio 
Infantry;  Franklin  Cousins,  Third  Missouri  State  Militia;  G.  W.  God- 
dard.    Sixth   Missouri   State  Militia;  A.   R.    Jewell,  Third   Missouri 
State  Militia,  and  J.  W.  Green,  Third  Maryland  Infantry.      To  these 
have  been  added  since  the  organization :  George  W.  Nicholson,  Eighth 
Illinois  Cavalry;  William  Proctor,   Twenty-third  Missouri  Infantry; 
Biram    Rushton,    Seventeenth    Iowa   Infantry;    Sidwell    Daugherty, 
Twenty-first     Indiana     Infantry;     Joseph    H.     Beadles,     Fifty-fifth 
Illinois  Infantry;  M.   B.    Swift,   Enrolled  Missouri  Militia;  Lorenzo 
Gannon,   Forty-fourth  Missouri  Infantry;  Jacob  Harriman,   Twenty- 
seventh    Missouri    Infantry;    Hiram   Pickel,t,   Forty- fourth  Missouri 
Infantry;  Alexander  Allman,   Seventh  Missouri   State  Militia;  F.    M. 
Lyon,     Fifty-fourth    Indiana  Infantry;  Joseph   H.    Graves,  Twelfth 
Missouri    Cavalry;  Edward    Titus,    Sixth   New  York  Cavalry;    John 
P.  Vandervoort,  Third  Missouri  State  Militia;  Humphrey  Hickman, 
Ninth    Tennessee   Cavalry;    Robert  Lindsey,    Forty-fourth    Missouri 
Infantry;    Joseph   Jenkins,     Second  California  Cavalry;   Abel  Rash, 
Third  Missouri  State  Militia;  Addison  Kingery,  Third  Missouri  State 
Militia;  William  E.  Harriman,    Sixth  Missouri  State  Militia;  W.  F. 
Lose,  Thirty-ninth  Iowa  Infantry;  William  Clifton,  Nintli  Tennessee 
Cavalry;  George  W.  Pigg,   Ninth  Tennessee  Cavalry;  Joseph  R.  Vo- 
gan,  Twenty-third  Missouri  Infantry;  William   Driskill,  Third  Mis- 
souri   State    Militia;    A.    L.    Martin,    Forty-first  Illinois     Infantry; 
J.  H.   Deyoe,   Fourteenth  Iowa   Infantry;  Cyrus  Deyoe,   Fourteenth 
Iowa  Infantry;  James    Lewis,  Eighteenth   Missouri   Infantry;  J.   R. 
Lewis,    Sixth  Kansas  Cavalry;  Joseph   C.    Pickett,   Second  Missouri 
Cavalry;  William  J.  C.  Cox,  Fourth  Kansas  Infantry;  Elijah  Holmes, 
Second  Missouri  Cavalry;  Isaac  M.  Smalley,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry; 
Howell    Scott,    Eighty-eighth  Indiana  Infantry;  William    Gallagher, 
Thirty-seventh  Illinois  Infantry;    S.    P.    Stuart,    Twenty-third   Mis- 
souri Infantry;  Samuel  Reed,  Sixtieth  United  States  (colored);  L.  B. 
Lindsey,    Seventh   Missouri    State   Militia,    and   Joseph  H.  Dexter, 
Eighty-eighth  Indiana  Infantry.   The  longest  term  of  service  of  any  of 
the  above  members  was  fifty-three  months,  and  the  shortest  six  months, 
the  average  being  twenty-eight  months.      The  present  ofificers  of  the 
post  are   Dr.   J.  E.   Calloway,    C. ;  Jacob    Eidson,    S.    V.    C. ;  John 
Smalley,   J.  V.  C. ;  William  Reeves,  Adj. ;  L.  F.   Parrish,  Q.  M. ;  D. 
W.  Lowry,  S.  M. ;  J.  Loutzenhiser,  Q.  M.  S. ;  L.  D.  Ceilings,  Chap- 
lain; Lemuel  McDonald,  O.  D. ;  George  W.  Goddard,   O.  G. ;  J.  L. 
Shipley,  S. 


444  HISTORY    OF    MEKCEE    COUNTY. 

Modena,  or  Madisonville  as  it  was  formerly  called,  was  laid  out 
in  1856  by  A.  M.  Thompson  and  George  W.  Stewart,  and  occupies 
the  center  of  Section  35,  Township  64,   Range  25. 

The  first  store  was  opened  by  Thompson  &  McGhee,  and  they  were 
followed  by  James  Stewart  and  James  Bradley.  Cyrenus  Bain  estab- 
lished the  first  grocery.  The  first  blacksmith  was  George  Miller, 
who  was  succeeded  by  A.  T.  Shafer.  Among  the  merchants  who 
did  business  at  this  place  during  and  just  after  the  war  were  John 
Thompson,  A.  Haney,  Charles  Thompson,  David  S.  Wiggins  and 
James  Bradley.  In  1866  Joshua  Rock  laid  the  foundation  of  the 
extensive  biisiness  in  general  merchandise  which  he  has  since  con- 
ducted. W.  L.  Jerome,  Ai-chibald  Edwards,  Harvey  Traynor, 
Joseph  Milliner,  Joseph  Powers  and  D.  S.  Boyer  have  also  been  in 
business  at  Modena  at  different  times  within  the  past  twenty  years. 

In  the  spring  of  1884  the  village  was  almost  entirely  destroyed 
by  fii'e.  The  sufferers  fi'om  this  disaster  were  Lewis  Terwilager  and 
John  Miller,  dealers  in  hardware;  John  Graves  and  J.  B.  Miller, 
druggists;  Thomas  Kirby  &  Co.,  dealers  in  general  merchandise;  and 
W.  B.  Walters,   wagon-maker. 

The  business  interests  of  the  town  at  present  are  as  follows: 
Joshua  Rock,  general  merchandise;  J.  B.  Miller,  drugs;  Walters  & 
Renfro,  hardware  and  stoves,  and  D.  Home,  wagon  and  blacksmith 
shop. 

A.  J.  Norton  Post,  No.  280,  G.  A.  R.,  was  organized  at  this 
place  on  July  4,  1886,  with  the  following  officers:  Abraham  Hendi-icks, 
commander;  W.  F.  Kelso,  Senior  Vice  Commander;  David  Home, 
Junior  Vice  Commander;  William  Walter,  Quartermaster;  Joshua 
Rock,  Sui'geon;  William  A.  Loe,  Chaplain;  James  Thompson,  Officer  of 
the  Day;  A.  J.  Linville,  Officer  of  the  Guard,  and  C.  H.  Stewart,  Ad- 
jutant. This  post  is  in  a  highly  flourishing  condition,  and  now  has  a 
membership  numbering  thirty-nine.  The  present  Commander  is  W. 
F.  Kelso. 

Mill  Grove  is  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad  about  eight  miles  south  of  Princeton.  The  town  was  laid 
off  by  C.  H.  Stewart,  William  M.  Butcher  and  William  Smith,  in 
December,  1870.  The  first  store  house  was  built  in  that  year  by 
John  Everhart,  who  was  engaged  in  the  drug  and  grocery  business 
for  about  a  year.  The  first  dwelling  was  erected  by  John  Schooler, 
who  had  a  general  store.  The  first  blacksmith  shop  was  conducted 
by  Gilbert  Blue.  The  biisinesB  of  the  town  at  the  present  time 
consists  of  a  general  store  conducted  by  G.  P.  Larimore;  a  drug  store, 


I 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  445 

by  S.  A.  Larimore;  a  hardware  store,  by  K.  Coon;  two  blacksmith 
shops, by  Herrington  Bros,  and  De  Peny  Bros.,  respectively,  and  a 
grist  mill  now  operated  by  William  G.  Moore.  This  is  a  successor  of 
the  mill  built  in  1842,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 

Mill  Grove  was  incorporated  by  the  county  court  in  1877.  The 
first  meeting  of  the  board  of  trustees  was  held  on  March  12,  of  that 
year.  The  trustees  were  Henry  Scott,  chairman;  S.  A.  Larimore,  R. 
N.  Decker,  George  Miller  and  Marion  Butcher.  R.  B.  Linville  was 
chosen  clerk,   and  J.  J.  Stanley,  marshal. 

Middlebury,  formerly  a  town  of  considerable  business  importance, 
existed  in  the  southeastern  part  of  Washington  Township,  but 
since  the  completion  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad 
through  the  county,  it  has  entirely  disappeared.  It  was  founded  by 
Royal  Williams,  who  established  a  store  there  some  time  in  the  ' '  forties. ' ' 
It  was  situated  on  an  old  stage  route,  and  prior  to  the  Civil  War  had 
grown  to  a  flourishing  village.  Among  those  who  were  engaged  in  bus- 
iness in  the  place  were  Richard  Williams,  and  John  Wilkinson,  grocers; 
David  and  Michael  Coon,  Jackson  Wyatt  and  John  Thompson,  general 
merchants;  James    Cos    and   Jackson   McElroy,   blacksmiths;  David 

Campbell,  hotel  keeper,  and  Abraham  Schooler,  Cephas  Gray  and  

Greenlee,  saloon  keepers.  Of  those  who  did  business  there  after  the 
war  may  be  mentioned  James  Williams,  Jesse  Reed,  Andrew  Mc- 
Laughlin and  William  Covey,  merchants,  and  C.  Cornell,  hotel 
keeper. 

Half  Rock,  a  small  village  in  Medicine  Township,  was  founded  in 
1874  by  Thomas  Cooper;  but  several  years  before  John  Garrett  had 
erected  a  small  mill,  and  opened  a  store  on  No  Creek  about  one-fourth 
of  a  mile  from  where  the  town  was  laid  out.  The  first  merchants  of 
the  town  were  John  Garrett,  John  Cooper  and  Thomas  Cooper. 
Garrett  was  succeeded  by  his  nephew,  S.  N.  GaiTett,  who  in  turn  sold 
out  to  A.  J.  Hill.  John  Cooper  remained  in  business  until  1883, 
when  he  retired.  Other  firms  and  individuals  who  have  been  located 
at  Half  Rock  have  been  J.  McMurray  &  Son,  Duff  &  Hill,  dealers  in 
general  merchandise;  W.  R.  Edwards,  J.  H.  Moses,  and  J.  B.  Robin- 
son, di-uggists,  and  J.  N.  Ragan  and  T.  L.  Hill,  dealers  in  hardware. 
During  the  past  two  or  three  years  the  village  has  been  somewhat  on 
the  decline.  The  business  of  the  present  consists  of  a  general  store 
conducted  by  A.  J.  Hill,  a  grocery,  hardware  and  drug  store,  by  J.  T. 
Sanders  and  A.  E.  Hamlin,  and  a  harness  shop  and  grocery  by  D.  L. 
Lowry. 

An  Odd  Fellows  Lodge  has  been  successfully  maintained  at  this 
place  for  a  number  of  years. 


446  HISTORY   OF   MERGER   COUNTY. 

Goshen,  a  little  hamlet  on  the  Bethany  and  Princeton  load  six 
miles  from  the  latter  place,  was  laid  out  just  prior  to  the  war  by  James 
McKinney,  who  owned  the  land,  and  lived  in  the  house  now  occupied 
by  Calvin  Moss.  It  was  at  first  called  McKinneysville.  The  second 
house  erected  was  the  log  building  now  occupied  by  David  Goin.  At 
about  the  close  of  the  war  Anderson  Owens  and  Henry  Neal  opened 
general  stores,  Elisha  Puett,  a  grocery,  and  Charles  Scott,  a  di-ug 
store.  From  1870  to  1876  the  town  enjoyed  a  season  of  prosperity, 
having  about  seventy-five  inhabitants,  but  since  that  time  the  popula- 
tion has  decreased  to  less  than  twenty-five.  From  1878  to  1885,  a 
general  store  was  kept  by  David  Goin.  The  only  store  in  the  place 
at  present  is  a  grocery,  opened  about  two  years  ago  by  George  F logger. 
The  postoffice  was  established  in  1866  with  Anderson  Owens  as  post- 
master. He  was  succeeded  in  1871  by  David  Goin,  who  continued 
until  1885.     The  present  postmaster  is  George  Flogger. 

Marion  is  a  small  village  and  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  about  ten  miles  north  of  Princeton,  and  is  of  com- 
paratively recent  origin.  The  site  was  originally  entered  by  R.  W. 
Kockhold.  The  first  house  was  erected  by  A.  A.  Alley,  who  engaged 
in  a  general  merchandise  business  in  1879,  and  who  also  operates  a  saw 
and  grist  mill.  The  remaining  business  interests  are  as  follows:  W. 
D.  Alley,  general  merchandise;  Marion  Merritt,  drugs  and  groceries; 
and  S.  A.  Newlin,  groceries  and  hardware.  It  was  incorporated  as  a 
town  by  the  county  court  in  1886.  The  officers  are  S.  T.  Willford, 
mayor;  J.  M.  Snyder,  marshal;  and  John  D.  Humphreys,  Lyman 
Hughes,  S.  H.  Croft,  Marion  Wells  and  Warren  Graham,  trustees. 

Somerset,  a  village  in  Somerset  Township,  was  laid  out  in  1856 
by  Frederick  Royse  and  Albert  Bruse.  The  first  house  erected  in  the 
town  was  a  hewed-log  dwelling  built  by  "William  Royse.  The  first 
merchant  was  Thomas  M.  Laughlin,  who  continued  in  business  for 
several  years.  Within  the  next  five  or  six  years  Joseph  Burkhammer 
and  David  Templeton  opened  a  store,  Albert  Bruse,  a  harness  shop, 
Hickman  Bruner,  a  wagon  shop,  and  Eli  Bruner,  a  blacksmith's  shop. 
Among  those  who  have  been  in  business  in  Somerset  since  the  war 
are  Jacob  Baumgardner,  Samuel  Butcher,  John  J.  Johnson,  Humph- 
rey Leighton  and  William  M.  Summers.  The  present  business 
interests  are  represented  as  follows:  J.  S.  England,  who  began  in  the 
general  merchandise  business  in  1873;  P.  F.  Baumgardner,  dealer  in 
general  merchandise,  and  Julius  Scott,  druggist. 

Somerset  Lodge,  No.  206,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  organized  in  Novem- 
ber, 1860,  by  Jonas  J.  Clark,  with  John  W.  Stockman  as  Worshipful 


STATE    OF    MISSOUBI.  447 

Master;  Albert  Bruse,  Senior  Warden;  Douglas  Brown,  Junior  Warden ; 
James  Brown,  Treasurer;  Matthew  Crawford,  Secretary;  Middle- 
ton,  Senior  Deacon ;  and  J.  Russell,  Tyler.  The  first  member  initiated 
was  John  Snyder.  A  two-story  frame  building  was  erected  by  the 
lodge  in  1860.  It  was  occupied  until  1886,  when  the  present  hall 
was  completed  and  dedicated.  The  lodge  has  been  very  prosperous 
since  its  organization,  and  has  initiated  between  200  and  300  members. 
Much  of  its  success  has  been  due  to  John  W.  Stockman,  who  was 
master  of  the  lodge  for  eighteen  years,  and  who  has  always  taken  an 
active  interest  in  it.  The  present  membership  numbers  upward  of 
fifty.  The  following  members  of  the  lodge  are  Past  Masters :  John  W. 
Stockman,  Albert  Bruse,  Benjamin  Van  Buskirk,  David  Lowery, 
Thomas  Draper,  John  C.  Norcross  and  William  J.  Madden.  The  present 
officers  are  John  C.  Norcross,  Worshipful  Master;  D.  Wilder,  Senior 
Warden;  E.  E.  Stockman,  Junior  Warden;  William  Bowlin,  Secretary; 
L.  C.  Laughlin,  Treasurer;  and  John  Robinson,  Tyler. 

THE  GREAT  REBELLION. 

Loyalty  of  tlie  County.  — The  part  which  Mercer  County  bore  in  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion  was  one  of  credit  and  honor,  and  no  county  in 
the  State  can  point  to  a  better  record.  During  the  events  preceding 
the  war  the  people  were,  as  a  rule,  conservative  in  their  political  opin- 
ions. There  were  very  few  ' '  black  Republicans  ' '  or  Breckinridge 
Democrats.  The  large  majority  were  thoroughly  loyal  to  the  Union, 
although  at  the  first  outbreak  there  was  a  considerable  sprinkling  of 
Southern  sympathizers.  As  the  war  progressed,  however,  their  num- 
ber grew  smaller,  and  before  the  close  the  Union  sentiment  was 
practically  unanimous.  At  least  outwardly  it  was  so,  for  the  loyal 
portion  of  the  community  would  tolerate  no  expression  of  disloyal 
sentiment.  Another  evidence  of  the  loyalty  of  the  county  is  found  in 
the  fact  that  of  over  1,000  volunteers,  probably  less  than  twenty  joined 
the  Confederate  army. 

Active  War  Measures.  — Immediately  after  the  attack  on  Fort  Sum- 
ter, and  the  call  for  troops  by  the  President  in  the  spring  of  1861, 
the  loyal  men  of  Mercer  County  began  to  organize  and  drill  in  mili- 
tary companies,  and  when  Gov.  Gamble  issued  a  call  for  six  months' 
militia  they  responded  promptly.  Toward  the  last  of  August  or  first 
of  September  a  battalion  was  organized  with  Jonas  J.  Clark  as  lieuten- 
ant-colonel; A.  O.  Nigh,  major,  and  J.  H.  Shelly,  adjutant.  The 
companies  were  recruited  and  commanded  as  follows:  Capt.  Isaac 
Smalley,  Ravanna  and  Somerset  Townships;  Capt.  Eli  Bruner,  Som- 


448  HISTORY   OF   MEBCER   COUNTY. 

erset  Township;  Capt.  Jacob  Bain,  Lindley  and  Marion  Townships; 
Capt.  Elisha  Vanderpool,  Madison  Township;  Capt.  C.  P.  Loveland, 
Washington  Township;  Capt.  Isaiah  Guyman,  Medicine  Township; 
Capt.  J.  D.  Randall,  Morgan  Township,  and  Capt.  James  Bradley, 
Madison  Township. 

Upon  being  called  into  service,  the  regiment  went  into  camp  at 
Edinbnrg,  where  it  remained  for  two  or  three  weeks.  It  was  then 
ordered  to  Chillicothe,  thence  to  Utica,  where  it  did  escort  duty  Tintil 
the  following  spring,  when  it  was  mustered  out  on  account  of  the 
expiration  of  the  term  of  service. 

Sketch  of  Military  Organizations. — Following  is  a  brief  account 
of  the  various  companies  and  regiments  which  contained  any  con- 
siderable number  of  troops  from  Mercer  County.  The  exact  number 
of  men  furnished  by  the  county  could  not  be  ascertained.  The  state- 
ment of  the  enlistment,  up  to  December  1,  1863,  is  taken  from  the 
adjutant-general' s  report.  It  does  not  include,  of  course,  troops  which 
entered  regiments  from  other  States,  and  there  were  a  large  number 
that  enlisted  after  that  date. 

Up  to  December  1,  1863,  the  whole  number  of  men  that  had  enlisted 
in  the  United  States  service  from  Mercer  County  was  424,  distributed 
as  follows:  Twenty-thu'd  Infantry  116;  Twenty-fifth  Infantry  1; 
Twenty-seventh  Infantry,  79;  Thirtieth  Infantry,  1;  Thirty-fifth  In- 
fantry, 67;  Second  Cavalry,  77;  Seventh  Cavalry,  12;  Eleventh  Cav- 
alry, 2;  Twelfth  Cavalry,  69.  The  total  number  enlisted  in  the  Mis- 
souri State  Militia  was  228,  distributed  as  follows:  First  Cavalry, 
16;  Third  Cavalry,  178;  Sixth  Cavalry,  8;  Seventh  Cavalry,   26. 

The  Tiventy-third  Regiment. — Among  the  first  volunteers  for  the 
United  States  service  from  Mercer  County  were  those  that  joined  Com- 
panies A  and  C,  of  the  Twenty-third  Regiment  Missouri  Infantry.  Com- 
pany A  was  organized  at  Wintersville,  in  Sullivan  County,  about  one- 
half  of  its  members  being  from  Mercer  County.  The  ofiicers  selected 
were  J.  T.  Dunlap,  captain;  J.  C.  Webb,  first  lieutenant;  William  O. 
Seaman,  second  lieutenant,  andT.  C.  McNabb,  orderly  sergeant.  Com- 
pany C  was  recruited  principally  in  the  south  part  of  the  county,  and 
was  organized  with  Jacob  A.  Trumbo  as  captain,  J.  H.  Munn,  first 
lieutenant,   and  J.  P.  Martin,   second  lieutenant. 

The  regiment  was  organized  at  Chillicothe,  Mo.,  in  September, 
1861,  with  J.  T.  TindaU  as  colonel;  J.  Martin,  lieutenant-colonel,  and 
John  McCullough,  major.  It  went  from  Chillicothe  to  St.  Louis,  and 
thence  to  Shiloh,  where  it  participated  in  the  battles  of  April  6  and  7, 
sufPering  severe  loss.     Among  the  killed  was  Col.   Tindall,  who  was 


STATE    OF    MISSODRI.  449 

then  succeeded  in  the  command  of  the  regiment  by  W.  B.  Eobinson. 
After  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  the  regiment  retui'ned  to  Missouri,  and 
after  recruiting,  guarded  prisoners  in  St.  Louis  until  July,  1862,  when 
it  was  sent  to  Rolla,  Mo.  It  was  employed  there  for  some  time  in  get- 
ting out  timber,  and  was  subsequently  placed  on  guard  duty  along 
the  railroad  from  St.  Louis  <o  Jefferson  City.  In  the  fall  of  1863 
it  was  sent  to  McMinnville,  Tenn. ;  thence  to  Murfi-eesboro ;  thence 
to  Christiana,  and  from  there  back  to  Stone  Kiver  Bridge.  It  then 
returned  to  McMinnville,  and  from  that  place  j)roceeded  to  join  Sher- 
man's army  for  the  Atlanta  campaign,  being  assigned  to  the  Four- 
teenth Army  Corps.  It  was  on  duty  all  the  time  on  this  campaign, 
but  was  not  engaged  in  any  of  the  battles.  After  the  capture  of 
Atlanta,  all  except  the  veterans  and  recruits  were  mustered  out,  on 
account  of  the  expiration  of  their  term  of  service.  Those  continued 
with  Sherman  on  his  march  to  the  sea,  and  at  Savannah  were  consoli- 
dated into  four  companies.  Prior  to  this  time  the  officers  of  Com- 
panies A  and  C  had  undergone  many  changes.  Lieut.  J.  C.  Webb, 
of  Company  A,  resigned  in  the  spring  of  1863,  and  was  succeeded  by 
W.  O.  Seaman.  In  July,  1863,  Capt.  Dunlap  resigned,  and  Lucien 
Eaton,  of  St.  Louis,  was  promoted  to  this  vacancy,  but  never  joined 
the  company,  which  was  then  commanded  by  Lieut.  Seaman,  who  was 
killed  at  Atlanta  on  July  29,  1864.  T.  C.  McNabb  was  then  commis- 
sioned captain,  and  E.  D.  Giles,  lieutenant;  but  both,  within  a  week, 
were  mustered  out,  and  during  the  march  from  Atlanta  to  Savannah, 
the  company  was  without  a  single  commissioned  officer.  Upon  the 
consolidation,  J.  E.  Hill,  of  this  company,  was  made  captain  of  Com- 
pany D,  with  AV.  W.  Mock  as  first  lieutenant,  and  F.  M.  Broughton, 
second  lieutenant;  but  none  of  these  officers  were  mustered. 

Of  Company  C,  Capt.  Trumbo  was  promoted  to  major  in  October, 
1863,  and  was  succeeded  by  J.  A.  Brewer.  In  February,  1863,  Lieut. 
Munn  resigned,  and  was  succeeded  by  B.  F.  Wyatt,  who  had  become 
second  lieutenant  upon  the  promotion  of  J.  P.  Martin,  in  March, 
1862.  Wyatt  was  succeeded  as  second  lieutenant  by  William  F. 
Hughes. 

The  Txventy -seventh  Regiment. — Company  A,  of  this  regiment,  was 
recruited  in  Mercer  County,  and  organized  September  4,  1862,  with 
Cyrus  C.  Bemis  as  captain,  F.  M.  Shelton,  first  lieutenant,  and 
Thomas  Smith,  second  lieutenant.  Four  companies  of  the  regiment 
were  mustered  into  service  on  September  25,  1862.  During  the  next 
six  weeks  two  more  companies  were  added,  and  the  organization  was 
completed  by  the  assignment  to  the  regiment  of  three  veteran  com- 


450  HISTORY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

panies,  which  in  the  Fifth  and  Sixteenth  Missouri  had  done  good 
service  at  Donelson,  Shiloh  and  Pea  Ridge,  and  by  the  muster  in  of 
the  tenth  company  January  8,  1863;  it  was  placed  under  the  com- 
mand of  Col.  Thomas  Curley,  with  A.  Jacobson  as  lieutenant-colonel. 
During  its  organization  it  did  guard  duty,  first  at  Chillicothe  and 
afterward  as  provost-marshals,  St.  Louis.  After  organization  it  was 
ordered  to  Raleigh,  where  it  remained  until  March  1,  1863,  when  it 
marched  to  join  the  army  before  Vicksburg.  It  an-ived  on  March  20,  and 
was  assigned  to  the  brigade  of  Gen.  F.  P.  Blair,  First  Division, 
Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  under  Gen.  Stoneman.  It  was  in  the  whole 
campaign  around  Vicksburg,  and  went  on  the  long  march  to  Chat- 
tanooga. It  participated  in  the  fight  at  Tuscumbia,  Ala.,  and  held 
the  advance  of  Osterhaus'  division,  at  the  battles  of  Lookout  Mountain 
and  Missionary  Ridge,  in  the  last  of  which  it  captured  nearly  double 
its  numbers  in  prisoners.  On  the  Atlanta  campaign  it  participated  in 
seven  different  engagements  besides  the  siege  of  Atlanta.  It  then 
went  with  Sherman  in  his  famous  march  to  the  sea,  and  about 
Janaary  12,  1865,  was  transferred  from  Savannah  to  Beaufort,  S.  C, 
and  afterward  participated  in  the  battle  of  Bentonville.  It  entered 
Raleigh,  N.  C,  April  16,  1865,  where  it  remained  until  May  1,  when 
it  went  to  Washington  City.     It  was  mustered  out  June  18,  1865. 

The  Thirty-fifth  Regiment.  —Company  C,  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Missouri 
Infantry,  was  made  up  atChillicothe,Mo.,  from  members  of  Capt.  James 
Bradley's  and  Capt.  Elisha  Vanderpool's  companies  of  Home  Guards, 
who  were  on  a  scout  after  QuantreU.  The  officers  elected  were  Elisha 
Vanderpool,  captain;  William  H.  Roberts,  first  lieutenant;  W.  L. 
Jerome,  second  lieutenant,  and  John  Stevens,  orderly  sergeant. 
Jerome  resigned  in  about  three  months,  and  was  succeeded  by  Julius 
Karnash,  who  died  July  5,   1864. 

The  regiment  was  organized  December  3,  1862,  with  Samuel 
A.  Foster  as  colonel;  Thomas  F.  Kimball,  lieutenant- colonel,  and 
Thomas  H.  Penny,  major.  After  several  transfers:  from  St.  Louis 
to  Jefferson  City;  from  that  place  back  to  St.  Louis;  thence  to 
Columbus,  Ky. ,  it  was  ordered  to  Helena,  Ark. ,  where  it  arrived  in 
January,  1863.  From  that  time  until  April,  1865,  the  headquarters 
of  the  regiment  were  at  Helena,  but  several  qiiite  extensive  expeditions 
were  made  by  different  detachments.  One  of  these  detachments, 
consisting  of  men  fi-om  Company  C,  under  Capt.  Vanderpool,  was 
ordered  on  a  scout  into  Mississippi  on  October  24,  1864.  It  made  a  cir- 
cuit of  some  forty  or  fifty  miles,  captured  several  prisoners,  some  arms 
and  ammunition,   and  returned  without  the  loss  of  a  man.     In  April, 


STATE    OF    MISSOUEI.  451 

1865,  the  regiment  was  transferred  to  Little  Eock  by  steamboat,  and 
on  June  28,  1865,  was  discharged.  The  men  then  proceeded  to  Ben- 
ton Barracks  where  thej  were  paid  ofP. 

The  Foriy -fourth  Infantry. — Company  D,  of  the  Forty-fourth  Mis- 
souri Infantry,  was  organized  at  Princeton,  Mo. ,  and  mustered  into 
service  on  September  10,  1864.  The  ofScers  were  William  B.  Rog- 
ers, captain;  Eobert  Pixler,  first  lieutenant,  and  Aaron  Mcintosh, 
second  lieutenant.  Pixler  died  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  on  February  11, 
1865,    and  Mcintosh   was  promoted  to  the  first  lieutenancy. 

The  regiment  rendezvoused  at  St.  Joseph,  where  a  part  of  it  was 
mustered  in,  but  before  the  organization  was  ivllj  completed  it  was  or- 
dered to  Rolla  to  oppose  Gen.  Price,  who  was  expected  there.  The  regi- 
ment reached  there  by  train  on  September  18,  1864,  and  the  organiza- 
tion was  then  completed.  The  officers  were  R.  C  Bradshaw,  colonel;  A. 
J.  Barr,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Roger  A.  De  Bolt,  major.  On 
November  6  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Paducah,  Ky. ,  where 
it  arrived  on  the  16th.  This  order  aroused  much  disatisfaction,  as  the 
volunteers  had  been  promised  that  they  would  not  be  ordered  out  of 
the  State.  Every  one,  however,  did  his  duty,  and  no  regiment  in  the 
army  made  a  more  honorable  record  for  the  time  it  was  in  the  service. 
From  Paducah,  Ky. ,  it  proceeded  to  Nashville  Tenn.,  where  it  arrived 
on  November  27.  It  was  sent  at  once  to  Columbia,  and  assigned 
to  the  Twenty-third  Army  Corps.  It  took  an  active  part  in  the  battle 
at  Spring  Hill,  and  rendered  effective  service  at  Franklin.  In  the  latter 
battle,  just  before  sunset,  it  was  ordered  to  charge  the  line  in  front  of 
it,  which  outnumbered  it  five  to  one.  In  this  charge  Col.  Bradshaw 
received  seven  wounds,  and  two  lieutenants  and  thirty-five  privates  were 
killed.  It  was  subsequently  charged  four  times  by  the  enemy,  but 
repulsed  them  each  time.  It  reached  Nashville  on  December  4,  1864, 
having  lost  altogether  about  300  men.  It  was  placed  in  the  command 
of  A.  J.  Smith,  and  thus  was  engaged  in  the  battle  before  Nashville. 
It  followed  in  the  pursuit  of  Hood's  army  to  Clifton,  and  then  went 
by  steamboat  to  Eastport,  Miss.  It  remained  there  until  February  6, 
1865,  then  went  to  New  Orleans;  thence  to  Spanish  Fort,  in  the  siege 
and  capture  of  which  it  participated.  It  afterward  went  to  Montgomery, 
Tiiskegee,  Vicksburg,  and  finally  arrived  in  St.  Louis  on  August  15, 
1865,  having  traveled  over  5, 700  miles,  740  of  which  were  on  foot. 

The  Second  Cavalry.  — Company  G,  of  the  Second  Regiment,  Mis- 
souri Cavalry,  composed  mainly  of  Mercer  County  men,  was  organized 
by  Capt.  C.  G.  Marshall,  at  Chillicothe,  Mo.,  and  was  mustered  into 
service  as  an  independent  company  on  August  15,  1861.     On  the  28th 


452  HISTORY   OF   MERCER   COUNTY. 

day  of  the  same  month  it  started  for  Benton  Barracks,  St.  Louis, 
where  it  joined  a  regiment  then  being  organized  by  Lewis  Merrill, 
which  was  afterward  known  as  "Merrill's  Horse."  There  the  com- 
pany was  reorganized  with  J.  W.  Baird,  as  captain;  C  W.  McLain, 
fii'st  lieutenant,  and  George  F.  Lovejoy,  second  lieutenant.  The 
regimental  officers  chosen  were  Lewis  Merrill,  colonel;  William  F. 
SchaefFer,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  George  C.  Marshall  and  C.  B. 
Hunt,  majors.  On  October  3  the  regiment  left  Benton  Barracks,  and 
marched  to  Springfield,  Mo. ,  from  which  place,  after  a  reconnoiter 
in  the  direction  of  Wilson's  Creek,  it  was  ordered  to  Sedalia,  where 
it  remained  until  January,  1862,  scouting  and  dispersing  guerrillas, 
in  an  engagement  with  whom  Maj.  Marshall  was  killed.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  J.  Y.  Clipper,  who  in  May,  1863,  became  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  regiment.  From  Sedalia  the  regiment  was  ordered  into 
Northeast  Missouri,  where  it  was  divided  into  four  squadrons,  which 
were  stationed  at  different  points.  The  detachment  to  which  Company 
D  belonged  was  first  stationed  at  Glasgow,  afterward  at  Sturgeon, 
and  finally  was  ordered  to  Warrenton,  where  it  remained  until  March, 
1863.  A  part  of  the  regiment  on  July  18,  1862,  met  the  Confederates 
imder  Joe  Porter,  near  Memphis.  This  detachment  numbered  only 
200  men,  but  with  the  aid  of  Maj.  J.  B.  Rogers,  with  the  Ninth  Mis- 
souri, succeeded  in  routing  the  enemy,  numbering  about  800  men. 
They  followed  the  enemy  into  Boone  County,  where  they  were  joined 
by  100  more  of  "  Merrill' s  Horse, "  and  other  reinforcements.  The 
enemy  was  also  reinforced.  A  second  contest  ensued,  which  resulted 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  first.  On  August  6,  1862,  another  engage- 
ment with  Porter  took  place  at  Kirksville.  Here  the  Union  troops 
were  under  the  command  of  Col.  John  McNeill,  who  had  joined  them. 
The  fight  lasted  about  two  houi's  and  forty  minutes,  and  resulted  in  a 
complete  rout  of  the  Confederates,  with  a  loss  in  killed  and  wounded 
of  not  less  than  500.  Porter' s  force  numbered  about  2, 500,  while 
the  Union  troops  did  not  much  exceed  500.  Poindexter,  who  was 
striving*  to  join  Porter,  was  attacked  by  a  detachment  of  the  Second 
Cavalry,  under  C.  B.  Hunt,  and  defeated. 

Company  D,  after  leaving  Warrenton  in  March,  1863,  marched  to 
Mexico,  but  in  May,  following,  returned  to  WaiTenton  where  the  regi- 
ment was  concentrated.  Up  to  this  time  several  changes  had  taken 
place  in  the  comjjany  and  regimental  officers.  Capt.  Baird  was  killed 
on  September  6,  1862,  and  was  succeeded  by  Lieut.  C.  W.  McLain, 
who  in  tarn  was  followed  as  first  lieutenant  by  J.  N.  Condrey.  On 
July  1,  1862,  J.  W.  Rohrer  became  second-lieutenant,  vice  Bradshaw, 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  453 

promoted  to  be  first  lieutenant  of  Company  A.  Rohrer  continued  as 
second  lieiitenant  imtil  May,  1863,  when  he  became  first  lieutenant  of 
Company  F,  and  was  succeeded  by  G.  W.  Bradshaw.  In  November, 
1862,  Maj.  Hunt  was  promoted  to  be  lieiitenant-colonel,  in  which 
position  he  continued  until  March,  1863,  when  he  resigned,  but  was 
afterward  reinstated  after  the  resignation  of  his  successor,  J.  Y. 
Clipper. 

The  regiment,  as  before  stated,  concentrated  at  Warrenton,  Mo. ,  and 
in  July,  1863,  marched  into  Ai-kansas,  by  the  way  of  Pilot  Knob.  It 
participated  in  the  capture  of  Little  Rock,  and,  during  the  winter  of 
1863  and  1864  was  stationed  at  Brownsville,  Ark.  In  March, 
186-4,  it  went  on  an  expedition  to  Arkadelphia,  Camden  and  Princeton, 
returning  to  Little  Rock.  It  was  then  engaged  in  scouting  after 
guerrillas,  guarding  railroads,  breaking  up  rebel  bands,  and  such 
other  service  as  the  cavalry  in  the  west  was  called  upon  to  perform. 
It  was  mustered  out  at  Nashville,  Tenn. ,  September  19,  1865. 
In  February,  1864,  a  part  of  the  regiment  re-enlisted,  and  the  fol- 
lowing July  went  to  St.  Louis,  where  it  was  reorganized.  It  then 
went  to  join  the  army  of  the  Cumberland,  on  the  Atlanta  campaign, 
after  which  it  returned  to  Chattanooga,  where  it  remained  about  two 
months. 

At  the  time  of  its  muster  out  the  regimental  officers  were  Lewis 
Merrill,  colonel;  C.  B.  Hunt,  lieutenant-colonel;  and  C.  W.  Mc- 
Lain  and  George  M.  Houston,  majors.  The  company  officers  were 
J.  W.  Rohrer,  captain;  W.  J.  Cripps,  first  lieutenant;  and  John  K. 
Wilson,  second  lieutenant. 

The  Twelfth  Cavalry  (of  which  one  company  was  recruited  in 
Mercer  County)  was  not  fully  organized  iintil  March  23,  1864. 
The  officers  were  Oliver  Wells,  colonel;  R.  H.  Brown,  lieutenant- 
colonel;  J.  M.  Hubbard  and  Edward  Nash,  majors.  The  regi- 
ment was  assigned  to  duty  in  St.  Louis,  where  it  remained  until 
June  1,  when  it  was  ordered  to  Memphis.  It  was  then  assigned  to 
the  First  Division  of  cavalry  of  the  district  of  West  Tennessee,  com- 
manded by  Gen.  Hatch.  It  was  first  under  fire  on  the  old  battle 
ground  of  Grant,  on  the  Tallahatchie,  losing  two  killed  and  three 
wounded.  It  formed  a  part  of  A.  J.  Smith's  force  in  his  expedition 
to  Oxford,  Miss.,  and  after  its  return  remained  at  Whites'  Station 
until  September  30,  1864,  when  it  marched  across  the  Tennessee 
River  to  intercept  Forrest  at  Lawrenceburg,  but  missed  him  one  day. 
It  encamped  at  Clifton  until  October  27,  when  it  went  to  Pulaski  to 
meet  Hood.     He  came  up  on  the  8th  of  November,  and  the  regiment 


454  HISTORY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

was  engaged  with  him  daily  until  the  22d.  On  the  19th,  while  in 
camp  at  Lawrenceburg,  it  was  attacked  by  an  overwhelming  force,  and 
fell  back.  On  the  24th  it  was  engaged  at  Campbellsville,  and  brought 
up  the  rear  of  the  army,  losing  eight  men  in  killed  and  wounded,  and 
one  hundred  prisoners.  It  aiTived  at  Columbia  on  the  25th,  and  fi'om 
that  time  until  the  army  reached  Nashville  was  continually  skirmish- 
ing. On  the  12th  of  December  it  crossed  the  Cumberland  River,  and 
took  position  on  the  right  of  the  Sixteenth  Army  Corps.  On  the 
first  day's  iight  it  lost  fifteen  killed  and  wounded.  After  the  retreat 
of  Hood  it  was  ordered  to  Eastport,  Miss. ,  where  it  was  mounted  on 
mules,  and  did  much  scouting  in  Mississippi  and  Alabama.  On  May 
12,  1865,  it  was  ordered  with  the  brigade  to  the  support  of  Gen. 
Dodge,  commanding  the  department  of  Missouri.  The  brigade  arrived 
at  St.  Louis  on  the  17th.  The  Twelfth  Regiment  was  then  ordered 
to  Leavenworth,  Kas. ,  thence  to  Omaha,  and  finally,  with  the  Second 
Artillery  (Missouri),  to  Fort  Alexander,  on  the  Yellowstone.  On 
September  20  it  went  to  Fort  Conner,  and  on  the  4th  of  October 
arrived  at  Fort  Laramie. 

The  Fifth  Kansas  Cavalry  comprised  two  companies  from  Mer- 
cer County.  Company  B  was  organized  near  Ravanna,  Mo. ,  in 
.July,  1861,  with  John  R.  Clark  as  captain,  Jacob  Loutzenhizer, 
first  lieutenant  (succeeded  before  muster  by  A.  J.  Mcintosh),  H. 
J.  Alley,  second  lieutenant,  and  E.  J.  Abrams,  orderly  sergeant. 
It  was  composed  of  men  from  several  Home  Guard  companies,  and 
was  organized  for  the  Eighteenth  Missouri  Infantry,  but  Col.  John- 
son, from  Leavenworth,  Kas. ,  who  was  organizing  a  cavalry  regiment, 
induced  this  company  to  enter  his  regiment.  It  left  Princeton  on 
August  7,  1861,  and  went  to  Trenton,  where  it  was  joined  by  company 
C,  also  fi-om  Mercer,  and  a  company  from  Iowa.  All  then  proceeded 
to  Leavenworth,  Kas.,  where  they  were  mustered  into  service  on 
August  12.  The  regiment  was  organized  by  electing  John  Richey 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  James  H.  Summers,  major.  It  then  went  to 
Fort  Scott,  where  it  remained  a  week.  It  then  had  some  skirmishing 
with  Price' s  army  which  was  on  its  way  to  Lexington  under  command 
of  Gens.  McLain  and  Montgomery.  It  was  afterward  ordered  to  Kansas 
City,  and  on  the  way  there  captured  Morristown  with  the  loss  of  Col. 
Johnson  and  three  other  men.  Col.  Johnson  was  succeeded  by 
Powell  Clayton.  After  about  three  weeks  the  regiment  was  ordered 
to  Springfield,  Mo. ,  but  soon  returned  to  Fort  Scott.  About  January 
1,  1862,  it  went  into  winter  quarters,  and  in  the  spring  was  ordered 
to  Lamar,  Mo.,  thence  to  Carthage,  at  which  place  it  was  at  the  time 


STATE   OF   MISSOURI.  455 

of  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge.  It  afterward  went  to  Springfield  and 
Raleigh,  and  about  the  last  of  June  took  charge  of  a  provision  train 
en  route  for  Curtis'  army.  After  this  service  was  completed  it 
marched  to  Helena,  Ark.,  where  it  remained  about  one  year,  en- 
gaged in  scouting,  etc.  In  Augviat,  1863,  it  advanced  with  Gen. 
Steel  to  Little  Rock,  and  took  an  active  part  in  that  campaign.  It 
then  went  to  Pine  Bluff,  where  it  remained  until  the  next  fall.  It 
comprised  a  part  of  the  640  men,  who,  in  the  public  square  of  that 
town,  on  October  25,  1863,  repulsed  Gen.  Marmaduke  with  3,400 
men.  The  regiment  was  mustered  out  on  September  10,  1864,  at 
Leavenworth,  Kas.  Company  C,  of  this  regiment,  was  organized 
at  Modena,  in  Madison  Township,  with  Garrett  Gibson  as  captain, 
James  H.  Summers,  first  lieutenant;  C.  G.  Bridges,  second  lieutenant, 
and  Wesley  Beck,  orderly  sergeant.  At  the  organization  of  the 
regiment  Summers  became  a  major,  and  was  succeeded  by  Bridges, 
whose  place  was  then  filled  by  O.  H.  P.  Cox.  Cox  and  Bridges  sub- 
sequently resigned,  and  were  succeeded  by  Jerry  Saunders  and  D.  D. 
Daly,  who  became  first  and  second  lieutenants,  respectively.  Gibson  re- 
signed in  June,  1862,  and  was  succeeded  in  the  command  of  the  com- 
pany by  James  Heading. 

Third  Cavalry,  Missouri  State  Militia. — Three  companies  of  the 
Third  Cavalry,  Missouri  State  Militia,  were  recruited  mainly  in  Mercer 
County.  Company  E  was  organized  on  April  4,  1862,  from  recruits 
from  the  western  poiiion  of  the  county.  The  captain  was  Charles  B. 
McAfee ;  first  lieutenant,  L.Cornwell;  and  second  lieutenant,  W.  H.  Bur- 
ris.  Cornwell  resigned  in  May,  1862,  and  was  succeeded  by  William 
C.  Frazier,  who  also  resigned  in  September,  following.  The  position 
was  then  filled  by  S.  S.  Clark.  Lieut.  Burris  resigned  in  September, 
1862,  and  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  Perkins.  Upon  the  consolidation 
of  the  Third  Regiment  with  the  Sixth  and  Seventh  Regiments,  this 
company  became  Company  M,  of  the  Sixth.  Company  F  was  organized 
on  April  4,  1862,  with  Squire  Ballew  as  captain;  George  T.  Prichard, 
first  lieutenant;  George  T.  Hamlin,  second  lieutenant,  and  Abraham 
Patton  orderly  sergeant.  Prichard  resigned  in  June,  1863,  and  was 
succeeded  by  George  W.  Calvin.  On  September  15,  1864,  Hamlin 
became  captain.  Company  G  was  also  organized  on  the  5th  of  April, 
1862.  The  officers  elected  were  as  follows:  H.  J.  Stanley,  captain; 
William  B.  Ballew,  first  lieutenant,  and  Isaac  N.  Clark,  second 
lieutenant.  On  July  28,  1862,  William  B.  Ballew  became  captain; 
Elisha  Home,  first  lieutenant,  and  William  D.  Wilson,  second 
lieutenant. 


456  HISTOKY    OF    MEECEE    COUNTY. 

The  regiment  was  organized  at  Chillicothe,  Mo.,  with  Walter 
King  as  colonel,  J.  H.  Shanklin,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  H.  O.  Neville, 
major.  Soon  after  the  organization  Neville  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  was  succeeded  as  major  by  Abraham  Allen. 
The  regiment  marched  from  Chillicothe  to  Sedalia,  thence  to  Spring- 
field and  to  Cassville.  It  remained  at  the  latter  place  about  three 
weeks,  and  then  scouted  through  the  southern  part  of  the  State,  also 
participating  in  the  iight  at  Springfield.  In  May,  1863,  it  was  broken 
up,  and  consolidated  with  the  Sixth  and  Seventh  Regiments.  Company 
F  became  Company  I,  and  Company  G  became  Company  K  of  the 
Seventh  Regiment,  of  which  John  L.  Phillips  was  colonel,  T.  T.  Crit- 
tenden lieutenant-colonel,  and  Thomas  Hensley,  major.  This  regi- 
ment went  fi'om  Springfield  to  Greenfield,  through  Southern  Missouri 
and  Arkansas,  engaging  in  several  encounters  with  gneiTillas.  On 
August  1,  1863,  it  was  transferred  from  the  Southwestern  District  to 
the  Central  District,  where  it  remained  the  remainder  of  the  year, 
and  participated  in  the  pursuit  of  Gen.  Price  and  the  capture  of  Mar- 
maduke.  The  remainder  of  the  time  it  did  guard  duty  in  the  Cen- 
tral District,  and  was  mustered  out  of  service  at  Warrensbui'g  on  April 
7,  1865. 

The  Sixth  Cavalry,  Missouri  State  Militia. — Company  H,  of  this 
regiment,  was  organized  at  Cameron,  Mo. ,  and  contained  about  twenty- 
five  men  from  Mercer  County.  The  oflicers  were  H.  V.  Stahl,  captain; 
James  Overman,  first  lieutenant;  J.  H.  Shelly,  second  lieutenant.  On 
April  80,  1862,  Company  H,  with  seven  other  companies,  was  organized 
into  a  regiment  with  E.  C.  Catherwood  as  colonel.  It  sei-ved  in 
Northwest  Missouri  until  February,  1863,  when  it  was  joined  by  Com- 
panies A,  B,  C  and  E  of  the  Third  Regiment,  which  became  Compa- 
nies I,  K,  L  and  M,  respectively.  The  regiment  was  then  stationed 
at  Warrensburg  until  March,  when  it  was  divided  into  detachments, 
which  were  placed  at  Linn  Creek,  Warsaw  and  Osceola.  These  de- 
tachments were  changed  about  some  from  time  to  time,  and  on  July 
1,  1863,  were  transferred  from  the  Western  District  to  the  Southwest- 
ern District.  A  part  was  concentrated  at  Warsaw;  Companies  I,  K 
and  M  went  to  Newtonia,  and  others  went  to  Springfield,  and  reported 
to  Col.  John  McNeill.  Col.  Catherwood,  with  Companies  B,  F,  G  and 
H,  and  detachments  from  A,  C,  E  and  L,  marched  in  pursuit  of  the 
rebels  under  Coffee,  by  whom  he  was  attacked  at  Pineville,  Mo.,  on 
August  12,  1863.  In  a  fight  of  a  few  minutes  he  routed  Coffee,  with 
a  loss  of  froto  sixty  to  seventy-five  men  in  killed  and  wounded.  From 
Pineville  ho  marched  to  Bentonville,  thence  to  Fort  Gibson,  Ind.  Ty. , 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  457 

and  there  joined  Gen.  Blunt,  and  participated  in  his  campaign.  He 
then  marched  back  to  Springfield,  arriving  on  September  18,  1863. 
On  October  4,  1863,  Companies  I,  K  and  M,  under  Capt.  McAfee, 
were  attacked  by  Shelby,  Hunter  and  Coffee,  and  captured  and  paroled. 
The  latter  being  in  violation  of  the  cartel  of  exchange,  the  men  were 
returned  at  once  to  duty.  The  remainder  of  the  regiment  started  in 
pursuit  of  the  rebels,  who  were  overtaken,  and  attacked  at  Humansville, 
and  routed.  The  remainder  of  the  year  was  spent  in  scouting  and 
escorting  trains.  In  1864  the  regiment  participated  in  the  campaign 
against  Price,  and  was  engaged  at  Jefferson  City,  Russell ville,Boonville, 
Dover,  Independence,  Big  Blue,  Osage  and  Newtonia.  In  the  spring 
of  1864  several  of  Company  H  veteranized,  among  whom  were  J.  H. 
Shelly  and  about  a  dozen  others  from  Mercer  County.  They  entered 
Company  D,  of  the  Thirteenth  Missouri  Cavalry  Veteran  Volunteers, 
of  which  J.  H.  Shelly  became  captain.  By  the  time  the  regiment 
was  fairly  equipped  it  engaged  in  very  active  service  in  Central  Mis- 
Boui'i,  and  was  then  placed  in  Gen.  Pleasanton's  army,  with  which  it 
participated  in  the  operations  against  Gen.  Price.  It  was  stationed 
at  Raleigh,  Mo. ,  during  the  winter  of  1864-65.  About  May,  1865, 
it  marched  to  Fort  Dodge,  Kas.  It  remained  there  and  along  the 
Santa  Fe  trail,  doing  guard  duty,  until  the  latter  part  of  the  summer. 
It  then  went  to  Fort  Riley,  and  in  October  marched  to  Denver,  Colo. , 
where  the  regiment  was  broken  up  into  detachments.  Capt.  Shelly' s 
company  was  stationed  at  Fort  Wardwell  during  the  winter  of  1865-66. 
In  May,  1866,  it  was  ordered  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  where  it  was  mus- 
tered out. 

The  Forty-fourth  Regiment  of  Enrolled  Missouri  Militia  was 
organized  in  Mercer  County,  on  October  24,  1862.  William  B.  Rog- 
ers was  commissioned  colonel;  W.  H.  Herrington,  lieutenant-colonel; 
D.  M.  King,  major;  B.  F.  Cornwell,  adjutant?  James  Stewart,  quar- 
termaster; Ira  Blakely,  surgeon.  The  last  named  was  succeeded  by 
S.  H.  Ferryman. 

Company  A  of  this  regiment  was  organized  from  residents  of  "Wash- 
ington and  Madison  Townships,  on  August  14,  1862,  with  James 
Bradley  as  captain;  John  Thogmartin,  first  lieutenant,  and  John 
McLaughlin  as  second  lieutenant.  Company  B  was  also  organized  in 
Morgan  Township,  in  August,  1862.  The  officers  were  John  D.  Ran- 
dall, captain;  James  Dykes,  first  lieutenant,  and  Green  Wilson,  sec- 
ond lieutenant.  Randall  resigned  in  May,  1864,  and  was  succeeded 
by  H.  J.  Herrick.  Company  C  was  organized  in  the  vicinity  of  Mid- 
dlebury,  in  November,  1862,  with  Thomas  J.  Wyatt,  captain;  K.  L. 


458  HISTOEY   OF   MERGER   COUNTY. 

Williams,  first  lieutenant,  and  S.  "VT.  Reed,  second  lieutenant.  Com- 
pany D  was  organized  in  Medicine  Township,  in  September,  1862. 
Elijah  Hunt  whs  captain;  J.  C.  Nichols,  first  lieutenant,  and  George 
S.  Rhodes,  second  lieutenant.  Company  E  was  organized  in  Marion 
Township,  about  September  1,  1862,  with  H.  J.  Alley  as  captain;  J. 
L.  Perkins,  first  lieutenant,  and  J.  G.  Early,  second  lieutenant. 
Coinpany  F  was  organized  in  Madison  Township,  in  November,  1862, 
with  Adam  O.  Nigh  as  captain;  Samuel  Smith  as  first  lieutenant  and 
Robert  Thogmartin,  second  lieutenant.  Company  G  was  organized 
in  September,  1862,  in  Lindley  Township.  William  Dykes  was 
chosen  captain;  Ezekiel  Sexton,  first  lieutenant,  and  Franklin  Brogan, 
second  lieutenant.  Company  H  was  organized  in  Harrison  Township, 
in  September,  1862,  with  Jackson  Prichard  as  captain;  Robert  Pixler, 
first  lieutenant,  and  S.  E.  Mickey,  second  lieutenant.  Pixler  resigned 
in  September,  1864,  and  was  succeeded  by  Mickey,  whose  place  was 
then  filled  by  M.  V.  Trapp.  Company  I  was  composed  of  men  living 
in  the  vicinity  of  Ravanna,  and  was  organized  with  J.  A.  Kennedy  as 
captain;  John  Finn,  first  lieutenant,  and  Samuel  S.  Lovsrry,  second 
lieutenant.  Company  K  was  organized  with  W.  T.  Brovsning,  cap- 
tain; Marcellus  Moss,  first  lieutenant,  and  William  C.  Reese,  second 
lieutenant. 

This  regiment  acted  merely  as  a  home  guard,  the  organization 
being  maintained  that  it  might  be  called  out  in  the  case  of  an  emer- 
gency. 

The  Thirty -fifth  Militia .  — After  the  disbanding  of  the  troops  in 
1865,  several  militia  regiments  were  organized  in  the  State  to  preserve 
order  and  quiet  disturbance.  The  regiment  in  Mercer  County  was 
numbered  the  Thirty-fifth.  It  was  organized  on  October  4,  1865, 
with  D.  M.  King  as  colonel;  C.  H.  Stewart,  lieutenant-colonel; 
Thomas  J.  Wyatt,  major;  H.  J.  Alley,  adjutant;  Nathan  Arnold, 
quartermaster,  and  Knight  G.  Smith,  surgeon.  Of  Company  A,  E. 
R.  Sexton  was  captain,  and  William  S.  Cardie  a  lieutenant;  Company 
B,  J.  F.  Stephens,  captain,  and  Stephen  Crouse,  lieutenant;  Com- 
pany C,  J.  H.  Thogmartin,  captain;  Company  D,  David  Loury,  captain, 
and  Jacob  Loutzenhiser  and  S.  S.  Lowry,  lieutenants;  Company  E, 
William  Speer,  captain  and  Jesse  Trapp  and  F.  M.  Walker,  lieuten- 
ants; Company  P,  William  Power,  lieutenant;  Company  G,  James 
Nichols  and  R.  G.  Miller,  lieutenants;  Company  H,  Samuel  L. 
Strong,  captain,  and  A.  R.  Patton  and  George  H.  Calvin,  lieutenants, 
and  Company  K,  Eli  Bruner,  lieutenant. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  45*9 

EELIGIOIJS  HISTORY. 

The  Baptists.  — The  first  regularly  organized  religious  body  in  Mer- 
cer County  was  Salem  Baptist  Church,  constituted  about  1840  by  Heniy 
Henderson  and  James  and  Elijah  Merrill,  in  the  western  part  of 
Washington  Township.  Among  the  first  members  were  John  B. 
Howard  and  wife,  Lewis  Gibson  and  wife,  Mrs.  Nancy  Gibson  (wife  of 
James  Gibson),  Henry  and  Patrick  McKern  and  wives,  Mrs.  Hila  Brown, 
and  John  Loe  and  wife.  Soon  after  the  organization  of  the  chiu-ch  a 
schoolhouse  was  built  in  the  neighborhood,  and  this  was  used  for  holding 
divine  service.  After  a  few  years,  through  internal  dissensions  and  dis- 
cord, the  society  was  broken  up.  Subsequently  an  attempt  was  made  to 
organize  a  Primitive  Baptist  congregation  at  the  same  place,  which 
was  partially  successful,  and  regular  services  were  held  for  a  time. 

The  oldest  Baptist  Church  in  the  county  now  in  existence  is 
Providence  Church,  located  at  Half  Rock.  It  was  organized  in  1844 
by  Elder  Henry  Henderson,  at  the  house  of  John  Pemberton  in 
Grundy  County,  with  the  following  members:  John  V.  Barnes,  Susan- 
nah Barnes,  Eliza  Pemberton,  Ira  Blakely,  R.  D.  Blakely,  Matilda 
Crockett,  and  Rhoda  Blakely.  Among  those  who  united  with 
the  church  during  the  first  years  of  its  existence  were  Arthusia  A. 
Keith,  Aaron  and  Lydia  Barnes,  Jane  StanturfP,  Jane  Barnes,  James 
and  Mary  J.  Boyles,  Mary  A.  ChafFes,  P.  M.  Hill,  Anderson  and 
Margaret  Thomas,  John  M.  Sutton,  Polly  Wasson,  Melinda  Roberts, 
John  Swopes,  Sarah  McKern,  William  Cunningham,  G.  C.  Hill, 
Sarah  H.  Devolve  and  James  E.  Devolve. 

No  regular  place  of  worship  was  had  until  1848,  when  it  was 
agreed  to  meet  one-half  of  the  time  at  William  Wyatt'snear  old  Mid- 
dlebury,  and  the  other  half  at  the  house  of  John  V.  Barnes  on  Honey 
Creek.  From  1856  to  1858  meetings  were  held  at  Liberty  schoolhouse. 
In  the  latter  year  a  new  schoolhouse  was  erected  on  the  southwest 
quarter,  Section  11,  Township  63,  Range  23,  which  was  the  meeting 
place  until  1873,  when  the  building  was  burned.  The  meetings  were 
then  transferred  to  Farmer's  Valley  schoolhouse,  in  Grundy  County, 
but  from  1874  the  services  were  held  a  part  of  the  time  at  what  is 
known  as  Lyon's  schoolhouse  situated  on  Section  2  of  the  same  range 
and  township  mentioned  above.  In  1878  a  church  building  was 
erected  at  Half    Rock,  where  the  congregation  has    since  worshiped. 

The  first  pastor  of  the  church  was  Elder  Henry  M.  Henderson,  who 
was  succeeded  by  L'a  Blakely.  The  latter  was  ordained  in  August, 
1845,  was  chosen  pastor  in  1848,  and  ended  his  service  in  May,  1854. 
His  successor  was   Jesse  Goins,  who  continued  for  three  years,  when 


460  HISTORY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

Newton  Halsey  was  chosen.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  subsequent 
pastors  with  the  date  of  election:  Ira  Blakely,  April,  1859;  John  B. 
Murphy,  May,  186-4;  Hiram  Casteel,  August,  1865;  Andrew  M. 
Green,  September,  1866;  James  K.  Nordyke,  December,  1870;  Joseph 
E.  Bondurant,  May,  1872;  Paul  McCollum,  September,  1873;  James 
E.  Nordyke,  December,  1874;  P.  W.  Noles,  October,  1876;  J.  L. 
Cole,  September,  1877;  J.  R.  Nordyke,  November,  1878;  George 
W.  Hen-en,  November,  1879;  W.  W.  Gillespie,  October,  1880;  J.  R. 
Nordyke,  December,  1881,  and  James  Brassfield,  the  present  pastor, 
January,  1883. 

Of  the  revival  meetings  held  by  this  church,  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful was  begun  on  November  13,  1879,  by  Elder  G.  A.  Crouch.  It 
continued  for  one  month,  dtiring  which  time  over  twenty  were  added 
to  the  church.  Another  successful  revival  was  conducted  by  the  pas- 
tor in  February,  1885.  The  conversions  were  numerous.  Over  thirty- 
five  united  with  Providence  Church,  while  several  joined  the  Meth- 
odists and  Christians.      The  present  membership  is  113. 

In  December,  1883,  a  Sunday-school  was  organized  by  J.  A. 
Kenneday,  of  Ravanna,  with  N.  S.  Smith  as  superintendent.  The 
present  superintendent  is  Samuel  Mmray.  The  enrollment  is  114. 
The  following  have  been  the  clerks  of  Providence  Chui-ch  since  its 
organization:  Robert  D.  Blakely,  1844-49;  Pleasant  M.  Hill,  1849-57; 
Daniel  N.  Hill,  1857-63;  Pleasant  M.  Hill,  1863-70;  Samuel  Cun- 
ningham, 1870-77;  Lewis  C.  Hill,  1877-78;  James  G.  Brittian,  1878. 

The  next  oldest  Baptist  Church  in  the  county  is  at  Princeton.  It 
was  organized  on  the  second  Satui'day  in  March,  1848,  with  Elder 
Edward  Benson  as  moderator;  R.  D.  Blakely,  clerk,  and  the  following 
constituent  members,  all  formerly  attached  to  Zoar  Church  at  Gaines- 
ville, Harrison  County:  Israel  Nordyke  and  wife,  Almira,  Thomas  J. 
Harper,  John  Harper,  Sarah  Harper,  Wiley  Cook  and  wife,  Lucinda, 
Sylvia  J.  Harper,  J.  M.  Smith  and  wife,  Rosanna,  Eliza  A.  Harper, 
Simon  Adamson,  Jesse  Adamson,  Priscilla  Adamson,  Mary  Boxley, 
James  Herriford  and  wife,  Rosanna,  Robert  Campbell,  Catharine 
Girdner. 

Services  were  first  held  in  the  log  courthouse.  About  1857  a  frame 
structure  was  erected,  which  served  as  a  house  of  worship  until  1874, 
when  the  present  neat  church  30x50  feet  was  built.  The  first  pastor 
was  John  Woodward,  who  served  the  church  for  eleven  years.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Ira  Blakely,  but  in  a  short  time  was  reinstated, 
serving  again  for  several  years.  Since  that  time  the  pastors  have 
been  S.  L.  Strong,  J.  W.  Luke,  J.  C.  Midyett,  Rev.  Moody  and  J. 
L.  Carmichael.     The  present  membership  of  the  church  is  150. 


STATE    OF   MISSOURI.  461 

In  September,  1886,  the  North  Grand  River  Association  held  its 
annual  meeting  with  this  church,  at  which  time  the  following  constit- 
uent members  were  present:  Sarah  Harper,  aged  ninety-six;  Wiley 
Cook,  aged  seventy;  Mrs.  Cook,  aged  seventy-two;  Rosanna Herri- 
ford,  aged  seventy-two,  and  Catharine  Girdner,  aged  sixty-nine. 

East  Fork  Baptist  Church,  in  the  northern  part  of  Morgan  Town- 
ship, is  an  offshoot  from  the  Princeton  Church.  Prior  to  its  organ- 
ization as  a  separate  body,  services  had  been  held  at  a  log  school- 
house,  near  the  present  church  building.  It  was  organized  by  Ches- 
ley  Woodward  and  his  son,  John,  in  1858,  and  among  its  first  mem- 
bers were  Heniy  Lewis  and  wife,  Sarah;  James  Ruth  and  wife,  Ellen; 
Preston  Young  and  family;  Isaac  Foster  and  wife;  Henry  Hickman 
and  wife;  James  Mulvaney  and  wife,  Nancy;  and  Abner  George 
and  wife,  Sarah.  The  old  log  building  was  occupied  until  just 
prior  to  the  war,  when  a  church  house  was  erected,  and  partly 
completed.  It  was  used  as  a  church,  and  was  also  leased  for  a  school- 
house,  until  the  erection  of  the  present  building  in  1874.  It  is  a 
frame,   32x40  feet. 

John  Woodward,  who  assisted  to  organize  the  church,  ministered 
to  it  for  many  years.  Some  of  his  successors  have  been  Israel  Nor- 
dyke,  William  Goodale,  James  M.  Woodward,  Samuel  Strong,  J,  R. 
Nordyke,  and  the  present  pastor,  J.  W.  B.  Cox.  At  one  time  this 
society  was  the  largest  in  the  county,  numbering  nearly  200  members, 
but  it  has  since  somewhat  decreased. 

The  Baptist  Church  at  Ravanna  was  constituted  on  March  1,  1859, 
by  Elders  James  Turner  and  Newton  J.  Halsey.  The  members 
were  James  Ellis,  Thomas  J.  Lieuallen,  Samuel  Gray,  Mary- 
Gray  and  Mary  A.  Stockton,  to  whom  were  added  J.  A.  Ken- 
nedy, Joshua  and  Nancy  Combs,  Elizabeth  Herriman,  Mabel  Stockton, 
Sarah  Hannah,  Samuel  L.  Strong  and  Ellen  and  Mary  A.  Cross,  who 
adopted  the  Bible  ' '  as  our  only  guide  and  rule  of  action  in  all  things. ' ' 
The  members  were  so  badly  scattered  during  the  war,  that,  at  its  close, 
but  two,  J.  A.  Kennedy  and  Elizabeth  Herriman,  remained.  It  was 
therefore  resolved  to  dissolve  the  old  organization,  and  on  September 
30,  1867,  a  new  society  was  constituted  by  Elders  A.  M.  Green  and 
H.  H.  Turner.  It  consisted  of  the  two  old  members  and  Thomas 
Cooper,  W.  B.  Rogers,  M.  Summers,  Reuben  Walker,  W.  T.  Beachem, 
Elizabeth  Beachem  and  James  Herriman.  Elder  A.  M.  Green  was 
chosen  pastor,  and  W.  B.  Rogers,  clerk.  During  the.first  year  twenty- 
five  members  were  added,  several  of  whom  were  brought  in  during  a 
two-weeks'  meeting  held  by  Elders  J.   H.   Burrows  and  D.  O.  Harri- 


462  HISTOET   OF   MERCER   COUNTY. 

son.  The  same  year  the  church  resolved  to  build  a  house  of  worship, 
meetings  having  been  held  up  to  this  time  in  a  schoolhouse  used  by- 
several  other  denominations.  The  undertaking  was  a  difficult  one 
owing  to  the  paucity  of  the  membership,  and  the  fact  that  two  other 
societies  were  trying  to  build  in  Ravanna  at  the  same  time.  A  neat  brick 
building,  however,  was  erected,  and  is  stiU  occupied  by  the  chui'ch. 
In  October,  1868,  Elder  C.  Woodward  was  called  to  the  pastorate, 
and  with  the  exception  of  one  year,  when  the  pulpit  was  filled  by  J.  M. 
Woodward,  continued  until  his  death,  on  February  18,  1877.  The 
members  then  numbered  twenty-one.  No  pastor  was  called  during 
that  year,  but  in  January,  1878,  Elder  R.  Livingston  held  a  two- 
weeks'  meeting.  In  November  of  the  same  year  J.  C.  Midyett  was 
installed  as  pastor,  and  continued  in  that  capacity  until  1880,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  W.  W.  Gillespie.  The  remaining  pastors  have  been 
Revs.  Mr.  Kincaid,  J.  L.  Carmichael  and  I.  S.  Lowry,  recently  re- 
signed. The  present  membership  is  forty-six.  From  its  organization 
until  the  present  it  has  belonged  to  North  Grand  River  Association, 
with  the  exception  of  four  years,  from  1871  to  1875,  when  it  was  a 
member  of  the  North  Central  Association. 

One  of  the  first  Sabbath-schools  in  the  county  was  organized  in  the 
spring  of  1859  by  J.  A.  Kennedy,  of  this  church,  and  with  the  excep- 
tion of  about  one  year  during  the  war,  it  has  been  maintained  to  the 
present  time.  During  the  past  fifteen  years  the  school  has  missed 
holding  a  meeting  on  but  one  Sunday. 

Mill  Grove  Baptist  Church  was  constituted  on  January  26,  1881, 
by  Elder  P.  M.  McCullom  with  the  following  members:  John  Rus- 
sell and  wife,  William  Gose  and  wife,  Warren  Casey,  W.  P.  Monnet, 
David  Gose,  N.  Y.  Rogers  and  wife,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Blakely,  Mrs. 
Carrie  Pratt,  Mrs.  Virginia  Larimore,  Laura  Hill,  G.  V.  Rogers  and 
wife.  During  the  next  fall  a  good  fi'ame  house  was  erected  at  a  cost 
of  $1,200.  In  1881 W.  W.  Gillespie  became  pastor  of  the  church,  and 
continued  for  one  year.  His  successor  was  James  Woodward,  who 
also  remained  one  year.  The  pulpit  has  since  been  iilled  by  David 
Scott,  J.  R.  Nordyke  and  P.  McCullom.  The  church  is  now  without 
a  pastor. 

A  Sabbath-school  was  organized  in  1880,  and  maintained  as  a  Bap- 
tist school  until  1886,  since  which  time  it  has  been  known  as  a  Union 
school.      The  present  superintendent  is  Joshua  Canady. 

Antioch  Baptist  Church  was  organized  on  April  3,  1884,  with  the 
following  constituent  members:  J.  R.  Nordyke,  B.  S.  Nordyke,  D.  F. 
Covey,    George  Laws,    M.   H.   Abrams,   Sarah    Nordyke,    Catharine 


STATE   OP   MISSOUKI.  463 

Thomas,  Elizabeth  Collier,  M.  A.  Nordyke,E.  L.  Nordyke,  M.  F.  Nor- 
dyke,  M.  E.  Covey,  L.  C.  Laws,  and  Margaret  Applegate.  J.  L. 
Carmichael  was  the  first  pastor,  and  was  succeeded  by  I.  S.  Lowry, 
who  served  two  years.      The  members  now  number  twenty- nine. 

Mt.  Carmel  Baptist  Church  was  organized  by  J.  W.  B.  Cox,  on 
September  9,  1884,  with  J.  M.  Fugit,  clerk;  Levi  Lose  and  W.  F. 
Crews,  deacons;  W.  F.  Lose,  Rachel,  Jane  and  Clara  Lose,  Mary 
Rutherford,  Nancy  Ekiss,  Mary  A.  Fugit,  and  Sarah  J.  Curtia. 
J.  W.  B.  Cox  was  chosen  pastor  and  ministered  to  the  church  for  one 
year.  He  was  succeeded  by  I.  S.  Lowry,  but  after  eighteen  months 
was  recalled,  and  now  fills  the  pulpit.  The  members  now  number 
twenty.  Services  are  held  in  the  district  schoolhouse,  "where  a  Union 
Sabbath-school  is  maintained  during  the  summer. 

Liberty  Baptist  Chiu'ch  was  organized  in  the  southeast  part  of 
Madison  Townshiis,  in  March,  1885,  by  Elder  O.  E.  Newman,  who 
served  as  pastor  for  two  years.  Among  the  original  members  were 
William  Campbell  and  wife,  Amanda  Campbell,  William  Vanderford 
and  wife,  James  Vanderford,  Rebecca  Roberts,  Christina  Brummitt, 
Celia  Wilbern,  Nancy  Rector,  Jesse  Arney  and  wife,  Laura  Cook, 
Henry  Campbell,  Elizabeth  Vanderpool,  John  Barnes  and  wife,  Jane 
Barnes.  The  present  membership  is  about  thirty.  Services  are  held 
in  a  building  erected  as  a  Union  Church  in  1883.  The  present  pastor 
is  Rev.  Mr.  Withered. 

Friendship  Baptist  Church,  now  located  in  Grundy  County,  was 
organized  in  the  soiith  part  of  Madison  Township  as  early  as  1845. 
It  held  services  at  Chestnut  schoolhouse. 

A  small  congregation  of  Baptists  was  organized  at  Ilia  in  the  win- 
ter of  1887.  The  members  are  W.  H.  Lowry  and  wife,  James  Ship- 
ley, Burton  Cox  and  wife,  Mrs.  Nancy  Thompson. 

Pleasant  Ridge  Baptist  Church  was  organized  in  Morgan  Town- 
ship in  February,  1885,  by  Elders  James  M.  Woodward,  J.  R.  Nor- 
dyke, and  James  Ruth.  The  original  members  were  Urias  Brogan, 
clerk;  George  and  Urias  Brogan,  deacons;  James  George  and  wife, 
Margaret,  J.  H.  Cate,  P.  A.  Hickman,  Elizabeth  Leachman,  Nancy 
E.  Abrams,  Marie,  Elizabeth  and  Sarah  Hickman,  Eliza  Constable, 
L.  E.  George,  Jane  George,  Mary  Brogan,  R.  C.  Mulvaney  and  John 
Leachman  and  wife,  Elizabeth.  Services  are  held  once  a  month  in 
Liberty  schoolhouse,  on  Section  18,  Township  65,  Range  24.  The 
members  now  number  fifty-four,  and  a  Sabbath-school  of  forty  mem- 
bers is  maintained.      The  pastor  is  James  M.  Woodward. 

Zion  Baptist  Church  was  organized  at  Hickory  Grove  schoolhouse 


464  HISTOEY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

on  September  15,  1878,  by  Elder  V.  M.  Harper,  assisted  by  Elders 
William  Baldwin,  J.  H.  Burrows  and  Joha  Woodward.  The  original 
members  were  Perry  Robertson  and  George  Thomas,  deacons ;  Amanda 
Harper,  clerk,  and  Emily  and  Martha  Thomas,  Margaret  Robertson, 
Nancy  Robertson,  Elizabeth  Robertson,  Sarah  M.  Hutchison,  H. 
Moss  and  Melissa  Moss.  The  church  building,  which  was  erected  in 
1887,  is  situated  in  District  No.  2,  of  Township  65,  Range  25. 

This  church  has  been  very  prosperous  since  its  organization,  and 
now  has  a  membership  numbering  122.  Elder  Harper  has  been  the 
pastor  with  the  exception  of  one  year,  when  the  pulpit  was  filled  by 
Elder  J.  R.  Nordyke.  A  Sunday-school  numbering  seventy-five 
scholars  and  seven  teachers  is  maintained  under  the  superintendency 
of  W.  H.  Johnson. 

The  remaining  Baptist  Churches  in  the  county  are  Freedom  and 
Concord,  both  of  comparatively  recent  origin. 

The  Protestant  Methodists. — The  first  Protestant  Methodist  Church 
in  Mercer  County  was  organized  at  the  house  of  William  Yates,  in  Madi- 
son Township,  in  May,  1845,  by  Rev.  Nathan  Winters,  assisted  by  Rev. 
Joab  Halloway.  Among  the  early  members  were  William  Yates  and 
wife,  John  Loe  and  wife,  Joseph  Pickett  and  wife,  and  Benjamin 
Colonel  and  wife.  *  Services  were  held  at  private  houses  at  first,  then 
at  the  Salem  schoolhouse,  Wiggiu'  s  schoolhouse,  and  the  schoolhouse 
at  Modena,  successively.  In  1881  a  neat  frame  church  was  erected 
at  Modena.  Solomon  Evans  was  pastor  of  the  church  for  several 
years.  He  was  a  man,  eminent  for  his  goodness  and  piety.  He  re- 
moved to  Ravanna,  where  he  died  in  the  summer  of  1858.  William 
Yates  was  a  local  preacher,  and  is  still  living.  W.  A.  Loe,  a  son  of 
John  Loe,  has  for  many  years  been  a  preacher  in  this  chui'ch.  He 
began  preaching  in  1860,  when  only  nineteen  years  of  age,  and  was 
ordained  about  1867.  He  is  now  a  resident  of  Princeton.  Prior  to 
1863  the  societies  in  Mercer  County  were  included  in  what  was  known 
as  East  Grand  River  circuit,  but  since  that  time  there  have  been  two 
circuits — Modena,  including  the  following  appointments:  Modena 
Church,  Centennial  schoolhouse,  Salem  schoolhouse,  and  Liberty 
church  in  Harrison  Township;  and  Ravanna,  including  appointments 
at  Lebanon  church,  Somerset  church.  Boatman  schoolhouse.  Oak 
schoolhouse,  Painter's  schoolhouse  and  Middleton's  schoolhouse.  The 
society  at  Lebanon  church  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  largest  in  the 
county.     It  was  organized  by  Rev.  Gabriel  Williams,  now  stationed 

*It  was  attached  to  Medicine  Circuit  over  which  Rev.  Jesse  GilUam  then  presided.    The  first 
quarterly  conference  held  with  this  church  waa  in  May,  1346. 


STATE    OF    MISSOUKI.  465 

at  Gait,  Grundy  Co.,  Mo.  While  a  missionary  to  Missouri,  he 
organized  the  North  Missouri  Mission,  now  North  Missouri  Conference, 
and  it  was  during  this  time,  in  1847,  that  he  organized  Lebanon 
church,  with  fourteen  members.  It  proved  very  prosperous,  and  at 
one  time  the  membership  reached  100.  It  is  now  about  forty.  Among 
the  early  members  were  Benjamin  Ader  and  wife,  Sabrey ;  Harvey  Yates 
and  wife,  Eosa;  A.  J.  Collings  and  wife,  Elizabeth  M. ;  Spencer  Col- 
lings  and  wife,  Susan;  Joseph  Collings  and  wife,  Lillie  A. ;  "William 
Pickett  and  wife,  Rachel ;  Solomon  Evans  and  wife,  Sarah ;  Thomas 
Wiesner  and  wife,  Miram;  S.  D.  Collings  and  wife,  Catherine,  and 
Jacob  Ader  and  wife,  Harriet.  In  1876  a  substantial  frame  chiu'ch 
building  was  erected,  and  the  society  is  now  out  of  debt. 

The  society  at  Somerset  was  organized  about  1882,  with  the  follow- 
ing members;  Adam  Bruner  and  wife,  Dr.  T.  F.  Calbreath  and  wife, 
Fanny  Robinson,  Mary  Mullinax,  Mrs.  Hickman,  Robert  Snodgrass 
and  family,  and  Henry  Ellis  and  wife. 

The  Methodists. — Among  the  first  settlers  of  the  county  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  who  eatly  began  to  hold  relig- 
ious services  and  to  organize  themselves  into  societies.  Meetings  were 
held  at  private  residences  or  schoolhouses,  and  were  usually  conducted 
by  some  local  preacher  or  class  leader,  and  occasionally  by  a  circuit  rider. 
One  of  the  early  meeting  places  was  at  the  house  of  Moses  Pierce,  about 
three  miles  southwest  of  Mill  Grove.  In  the  settlement  in  the  north- 
east part  of  Marion  Township  meetings  were  held  first  at  the  house  of 
Joseph  Sullivan,  who  was  himself  a  local  preacher,  and  afterward  at 
a  schoolhouse  erected  in  the  neighborhood.  Among  the  members  of 
this  class  were  J.  D.  Laughlin,  Mrs.  T.  H.  P.  Duncan,  S.  B.  Porter, 
James  Cox,  John  E.  Logan,  John  D.  and  H.  P.  Sullivan.  Another 
society  was  formed  at  the  Girdner  schoolhouse,  near  where  Marion 
station  now  is.  Among  the  leading  members  were  William  Alley, 
Floyd  Fugit  and  William  Jones.  Another  congregation  was  organized 
at  the  Stout  schoolhouse,  on  Medicine  Creek,  about  six  miles  north  of 
the  county  line.  James  Harriman,  James  Reed,  Belden  Kellogg  and 
David  Plum  were  members.  One  of  the  earliest  of  these  early 
societies  was  formed  at  what  was  known  as  Coon's  schoolhouse,  in 
Washington  Township.  It  embraced  among  its  members  William 
Minter  and  wife,  Jacob  Coon  and  wife,  Henry  Coon,  David  Clemens 
and  wife,  A.  T.  Minshall  and  wife,  John  Wilkinson  and  wife,  James 
Wilkinson  and  wife,  Charles  Ewing  and  wife,  and  James  Ewing  and 
wife.  About  1870  a  good  frame  house  was  erected  by  this  congrega- 
tion, and  is  now  known  as  the  Pleasant  Grove  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 


466  HISTORY    OF    MERCER    COUNTY. 

Early  in  the  fifties  a  society  was  organized  in  District  No.  4, 
Township  66,  Range  23.  Among  its  first  members  were  David  War- 
den, Jacob  Lower,  Mrs.  Charles  Ewing,  Mrs.  McDonald  and  Elias 
Lovett  and  wife.  In  1859  a  Sunday-school  was  organized,  with  Jacob 
Lower  as  superintendent,  and  a  Sunday-school  library,  probably  the 
first  in  the  county,  was  purchased.  This  school  has  been  maintained, 
at  least  during  the  summer  season,  to  the  present  time.  It  now  num- 
bers between  seventy  and  eighty  pupils,  and  is  presided  over  by  W. 
H.  Lowry. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at  Somerset  was  first  organized 
in  1858,  with  the  following  members:  Eli  Bruner  and  wife,  Hickman 
Bruner  and  wife,  Albert  Bruse  and  wife,  Adam  Bruner,  Lucinda 
Butcher,  Jeptha  Russell  and  wife,  and  Rebecca  Stockman;  to 
whom  were  afterward  added  Cyrus  D.  King,  William  Laughlin, 
Wesley  Johnson  and  wife,  Jordan  M.  Bennett  and  wife,  John  Hill 
and  wife,  Catharine  Scott,  Israel  Bennett  and  wife,  John  Griffith  and 
wife,  David  Landis,  Amos  Landis,  John  Wilson  and  wife.  The 
present  membership  is  very  small,  numbering  only  eight  or  ten. 
Services  were  held  for  many  years  in  a  schoolhoase,  and  it  was  not 
until  18S1  that  the  present  house  of  worship  was  erected. 

The  society  at  Ravafina  was  organized  about  1866,  but  a  class  had 
been  in  existence  before  the  war,  and  held  meetings  in  the  old  school- 
house  east  of  town.     It  numbered  among  its  members  Jackson  Duree, 

Gregory  and  wife,   and  Alexander  Scott  and  wife.     After  the 

organization,  the  class  was  transferred  to  the  town,   and  in  1868  a 
house  of  worship  was  completed. 

The  date  of  the  organization  of  the  church  at  Princeton  is  not 
known,  but  it  was  doubtless  soon  after  the  town  was  established. 
Until  the  close  of  the  war,  however,  its  existence  was  rather  a  pre- 
carious one.  One  of  the  first  preachers  was  Rev.  Ray  Taylor.  Among 
the  early  members  were  Abram  Stille,  a  Mr.  Herrington  and  wife,  and 
John  Smith  and  wife.  Meetings  were  held  in  the  old  fi-ame  school, 
house,  the  Baptist  Church  and  the  courthouse.  About  the  close  of 
the  war  the  church  was  revived  and  reorganized,  at  which  time  the 
leading  members  were  Mr.  Herrington,  W.  L.  Jerome,  wife  and  two 
daughters,  Dr.  K.  G.  Smith  and  Mrs.  Julia  E.  Fuller.  About  1869  a 
house  of  worship  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  over  $2,000. 

The  present  membership  is  about  150.  The  officers  are  Thomas 
Robinson,  steward;  William  Bell,  class-leader;  and  W.  W.  Judson, 
J.  W.  Anderson  and  Mrs.  A.  C.  Orton,  trustees.  A  Sunday-school 
has  been  maintained  since  1869. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  467 

Among  the  pastors  of  the  church  since  1865  have  been  Revs. 
Gaither,  New,  Stauber,  Brockman,  Wynne,  Corder,  Hollingsworth, 
Deshler,  Ismond,  King,  Waller,  Devlin  and  Phillips. 

A  Methodist  Church  was  organized  at  Goshen  about  1857,  and 
until  the  war  had  a  strong  membership.  Soon  after  the  organization 
a  frame  building  (the  first  church  built  by  the  Methodists  in  the  county) 
was  erected,  which  was  used  as  a  house  of  worship  until  replaced  by 
the  present  Union  Church  in  1879  or  1880. 

Owing  to  the  division  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  1844, 
this  denomination  in  Mercer  County,  until  after  the  close  of  the  Civil 
War,  was  very  weak.  A  majority  of  the  membership  was  in  sympathy 
with  the  northern  branch,  but  there  were  some  congregations  which 
held  allegiance  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South.  In  1848 
the  Iowa  Conference  appointed  John  J.  Buren  as  a  sort  of  missionary 
to  Northern  Missouri,  and  he  was  largely  influential  in  keeping  alive 
many  of  the  churches  adhering  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
Another  man  who  deserves  especial  mention  in  this  connection  was 
Peter  Duree,  who  traveled  the  Princeton  circuit.  He  located  not  far 
from  the  town  of  Ravanna  at  an  early  day,  and  until  his  death  was  an 
earnest  worker  for  the  chvu'ch.  He  was  a  man  of  only  moderate  edu- 
cation, but  was  held  in  the  highest  esteem  as  a  zealous  Christian 
minister. 

John  Burton  and  Stephen  G.  Anderson  were  also  early  ministers 
and  residents  of  the  county.  The  latter  is  still  living  in  Hamilton, 
Mo.  Burton  was  a  fine  preacher,  and  was  esteemed  for  many  good 
qualities.  In  1860  Rev.  T.  H.  Hollingsworth  came  to  Mercer  County, 
and  took  charge  of  the  Ravanna  circuit,  in  which  work  he  was 
engaged  when,  in  August,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  army.  During 
1860  he  received  over  100  members  into  the  church,  forty  of  whom 
resided  in  the  neighborhood  of  Gu'dner  schoolhouse.  He  was 
assigned  to  Princeton  in  1870,  and  again  in  1883,  since  which  time  he 
has  been  on  the  superannuated  list. 

The  leading  minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South 
before  the  war  was  Rev.  R.  Minshall.  He  was  pastor  of  Pleasant 
Grove  Church,  which  belonged  to  the  Southern  church.  At  the  open- 
ing of  the  war,  he  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  chaplain  of  the 
Eighth  Missouri  Regiment,  and  never  returned  to  his  circuit.  He  has 
since  served  as  a  presiding  elder  in  one  of  the  Missouri  districts.  Rev. 
Willis  Dockery,  father  of  Congressman  Dockery,  was  also  a  pastor  of 
this  church  at  one  time. 

The  United  Brethren. — The  United  Brethren   Church  has  a  few 


468  HISTORY   OF   MERCER   COUNTY. 

congregations  in  the  county.  One  of  these  was  organized  at  Pilot 
Knob  schoolhonse  in  1883  by  Rev.  Mr.  Starks.  The  original  members 
were  William  Keith,  Mary  Dean,  Jane  Loveland,  Catharine  Morris, 
Joseph  Sanders  and  wife,  Wesley  Keith  and  wife,  and  David  Fisher 
and  wife.  Mr.  Starks  continued  in  charge  of  the  church  for  one  year. 
His  successors  have  been  Nathan  Keith,  Jacob  Ashbrook  and  B.  Sco- 
ville.      The  present  membership  is  very  small. 

Societies  of  this  denomination  have  also  been  organized  at  Cousin' s 
schoolhouse  and  Middleton  schoolhouse.      The  pastor  is  Howell  Scott. 

The  Christians.- — The  first  church  building  in  Mercer  County  was 
a  hewed-log  house  erected  by  the  Christians,  one  mile  west  of  Goshen, 
in  1849,  but  a  society  had  been  organized  there  in  1840.  Among  the 
first  members  were  Reuben  Perkins  and  wife,  Seabert  Rhea  and  wife 
and  Abial  Miles.  William  Reed  and  Thomas  Thompson  were  early 
ministers.  Samuel  Downy  and  William  Moore  have  also  been  promi- 
nent pastors  of  this  church.  The  present  house  of  worship  was 
erected  in  1872,  at  a  cost  of  $1,300.  The  members  now  number  about 
thirty. 

Another  early  church  of  this  denomination  was  organized  at  the 
Early  schoolhouse  in  Marion  Township,  by  William  Moore.  It  is  still 
maintained.  On  May  10,  1885,  a  church  was  organized  at  Half  Rock, 
by  William  Reed  and  J.  Padgett,  with  the  following  members:  Marion 
Selsor,  Harvey  Hedrix,  J.  N.  Ellis,  G.  M.  Bennett,  William  J.  New- 
ton, Hester  Newton,  Amanda  Hedrix,  "  Cattie "  Bennett,  Orrissa 
Robinson,  Angeline  Cooksey,  Eliza  Sanders,  Laura  Early,  Anna 
Clampitt,  Helen  Selsor,  Mary  Chips,  Hannah  Carpenter,  M.  A.  Os- 
borne, Judie  Martin  and  Rette  A.  Sanders.  Mr.  Padgett  has  been  the 
pastor  since  the  organization.  The  members  now  number  fifty-seven. 
The  elders  are  J.  H.  Morris  and  J.  C.  Reed;  the  deacons,  F.  M. 
Selsor,  D.  F.  Terry,  and  J.  N.  Ellis. 

For  a  number  of  years  an  organization  was  maintained  at  Pilot 
Knob  schoolhouse,   but  has  now  been  disbanded  for  some  time. 

A  society  was  formed  at  Princeton  some  time  prior  to  the  war, 
which  was  reorganized  early  in  1865,  with  about  fifty  members, 
Morris  Periy  and  Jesse  Trapp  being  the  elders.  B.  F.  Lockhard 
served  as  pastor  for  two  years.  In  1872  W.  W.  Bristow  was  installed 
in  that  position,  and  continued  until  1883.  During  the  next  year 
the  pulpit  was  filled  by  C.  P.  Evans,  who  was  succeeded  by  L.  H. 
Otto,  under  whose  ministration  a  house  of  worship  was  erected. 
Prior  to  that  time  services  were  held  in  the  Baptist  Church.  Mr. 
Otto  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  Padgett,  the  present  pastor.  The 
membership  now  numbers  about  seventy-five. 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  469 

A  Christian  Union  Church  was  established  at  Goshen  in  1880. 
It  was  organized  by  Eev.  A.  F.  Geaster  with  about  twenty  mem- 
bers. The  elders  were  David  Goen,  Samuel  Lewis,  Erastus  Shirley. 
An  interest  was  secured  in  the  church  erected  by  the  Methodists, 
and  meetings  have  since  been  held  in  it.  The  membership  has 
increased  very  little  since  the  organization. 

The  Catholics.  — The  Catholics  have  but  one  small  congregation  in 
the  county.  It  was  organized  at  Princeton  about  two  years  ago, 
mainly  through  the  exertion  of  John  Finn  and  wife,  who  collected 
sufficient  money  to  build  a  small  church,  in  dimension  26x36  feet. 
It  is  not  entirely  completed,  and  consequently  has  never  been  dedi- 
cated.      The   congregation  numbers  about  thirty-five  members. 

EDUCATIONAL  HISTORY. 

Pauper  Schools. — The  history  of  popular  education  in  Missouri  pre- 
vious to  the  Rebellion  is  similar  to  that  of  every  State  upon  which  the 
shadow  of  slavery  rested.  That  institution  and  free  popular  education 
were  incompatible.  It  is  true,  almost  every  slave  State  established 
some  sort  of  common  school  system,  but  its  provisions  were  always  so 
defective,  and  its  support  so  inadequate  as  to  render  it  practically  use- 
less. Free  schools  were  ' '  pauper  schools ' '  designed  only  for  those 
unable  to  pay  for  their  tuition.  The  idea  of  a  system  of  free  educa- 
tion designed  for  rich  and  poor  alike,  a  common  school,  was  unthought 
of.  In  a  county  like  Mercer,  not  yet  out  of  its  backwoods  days, 
where  all  alike  were  poor,  the  common  schools  were  looked  upon  with 
favor,  and  so  far  as  possible  relied  upon,  but  they  lacked  much  of 
supplying  even  a  fair  English  education. 

School  Laivs. — Many  laws  were  passed  by  the  Legislature  for  the  es- 
tablishment and  regulation  of  free  schools,  but  all  were  fatally  defective 
in  not  providing  sufficient  funds  to  put  them  into  effective  operation. 
In  the  act  of  Congress,  authorizing  the  people  of  Missouri  Territory 
to  form  a  constitution  and  State  Government,  the  sixteenth  section 
of  each  township,  or  its  equivalent,  was  devoted  to  the  purpose  of  sup- 
porting schools  in  each  township.  The  first  act  of  the  Legislature  on 
the  subject  of  education  was  approved  on  January  17,  1825.  This 
law  enacted  that  each  congressional  township  should  form  a  school 
district  to  be  under  the  control  of  the  county  court  in  all  matters  per- 
taining to  schools.  It  also  declared  that  all  rents  of  school  lands,  and 
fines,  penalties  and  forfeitures,  occurring  under  the  provisions  of  this 
act,  should  be  set  apart  for  a  school  fund.  On  January  26,  1833,  the 
Legislature  authorized  the  Governor  to  appoint  three  suitable  per- 


470  HISTORY    OF    MEBCEE    COUNT  ST. 

sons,  whose  duty  it  should  be  to  prepare  a  system  of  common  primary 
school  instruction,  as  nearly  uniform  as  practicable,  throughout  the 
State,  and  to  make  report  to  the  next  meeting  of  the  Legislature. 
This  committee  made  a  report  but  its  suggestions  were  not  acted  upon 
by  the  Legislature.  This  body,  however,  at  its  next  session  passed 
"  an  act  to  regulate  the  sale  of  the  sixteenth  section,  and  to  provide  for 
the  organization  and  regulation  of  common  schools. ' '  The  Governor, 
secretary  of  State,  auditor,  treasiirer  and  attorney-general  were  con- 
stituted a  board  of  commissioners  for  literary  pmi^oses.  Its  provisions 
required  a  school  to  be  taught  in  each  incorporated  district  for  six 
months  during  each  year.  It  was  similar  in  its  details  to  the  law  of 
1825,  but  so  imperfect  and  impracticable  as  to  render  its  repeal  neces- 
sary. 

The  Common  School  Fund. — February  6,  1836,  the  first  move- 
ment was  made  for  the  endowment  of  a  common  school  fund.  An 
act  was  passed  directing  the  Governor  to  invest  the  principal  and 
interest  of  the  saline  fund,  and  all  additions  thereafter  made  to 
it,  and  all  the  money  received  by  the  State  from  the  United 
States  by  virtue  of  the  provision  of  the  act  of  Congress  passed 
June  23,  1836,  in  some  safe  and  productive  stock  to  continue, 
remain  and  be  known  as  ' '  The  Common  School  Fund, ' '  and  when 
said  fund  should  amount  to  $500,000  or  more,  the  interest  and  pro- 
fits accruing  thereon  should  be  applied  to  pay  teachers  in  the  common 
schools  in  such  manner  as  the  General  Assembly  should  direct.  No 
system  of  school  laws  was  enacted  until  the  next  session  on  Febru- 
ary 9,  1839,  about  two  years  later.  Its  provisions  were  substantially 
as  follows:  The  school  fund  was  to  consist  of  all  the  moneys  here- 
tofore deposited  under  the  act  of  Congress  of  January  23,  1836,  the 
proceeds  of  the  saline  lands,  the  proceeds  of  all  lands  then  or  there- 
after vested  in  the  State  by  escheat,  by  purchase  or  by  forfeiture  for 
taxes,  and  the  interest  and  proceeds  of  such  moneys  until  a  distribu- 
tion should  be  ordered.  The  office  of  State  superintendent  of  common 
schools  was  created,  and  its  duties  defined.  The  superintendent  was 
given  a  general  oversight  of  the  schools  of  the  State,  and  was  required 
to  make  a  distribution  of  school  moneys  among  the  several  counties  in 
which  there  were  any  schools,  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  white 
children  between  the  ages  of  six  and  eighteen  years. 

This  law  received  several  amendments,  and  on  February  24  a 
new  system  was  adopted,  of  which  the  following  is  a  synopsis.  At  its 
head  was  the  State  superintendent,  elected  bi-ennially  by  the  people. 
Each  county  had  a  commissioner  of  common  schools  whose  duty  it 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  471 

was  to  grant  certificates  of  qualification  to  teachers,  apportion  school 
moneys,  and  visit  schools.  Each  congressional  township  was  consti- 
tuted a  school  township,  which  could  be  divided  into  as  many  school 
districts,  not  exceeding  four,  as  the  inhabitants  might  desire.  Each 
district  was  placed  under  the  control  of  three  trustees,  who  employed 
teachers,  levied  taxes,  voted  bills,  etc.  Twenty-five  per  cent  of  the 
State  revenue  and  the  dividends  arising  from  the  funds  invested  in 
the  Bank  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  was  apportioned  to  the  counties  in 
proportion  to  the  number  of  ehildi-en,  between  the  ages  of  five  and 
twenty  years.  This  with  the  county  funds  coming  from  the  interest 
on  the  money  arising  from  the  sale  of  the  sixteenth  section,  from  fines 
and  penalties,  etc.,  and  the  income  from  the  proceeds  of  swamp  and 
overflowed  lands,  constituted  the  fund  annually  appropriated  for  the 
payment  of  teachers. 

In  1858  the  capital  of  the  State  school  fund  amounted  to  about 
$681,000,  .120,000  of  which  were  invested  in  Missouri  State  bonds, 
and  the  remainder  in  stock  of  the  Bank  of  Missouri. 

The  first  distribution  of  school  money  was  made  in  1842,  when 
only  thirteen  counties  received  any  portion  of  it,  they  being  the  only 
ones  in  which  schools  had  been  organized.  They  were  Benton,  Boone, 
dark.  Cole,  Cooper,  Greene,  Lafayette,  Livingston,  Marion,  Monroe, 
Ralls,  Saline  and  Shelby.  The  amount  apportioned  at  that  time  was 
only  11,999.60.  In  1845  it  had  increased  to  $16,481.80;  in  1850,  to 
$27,751.52;  in  1855,  under  the  new  law  which  was  much  better 
than  the  preceding  ones,  it  was  $178,082.79. 

The  Early  Schools  of  Mercer  County.  — The  first  schools  in  Mercer 
County  were  of  a  most  primitive  and  elementary  character.  As  soon 
as  three  or  four-  families  had  located  in  a  neighborhood,  they  united 
in  erecting  a  log  schoolhouse,  sometimes  without  a  floor,  and  lighted 
by  a  window  made  by  sawing  out  a  log  on  one  side  of  the  house. 
The  seats  were  made  of  slabs  with  wooden  pins  driven  in  them  for 
legs.  There  were  no  desks  except  a  writing  desk,  which  was  made  by 
driving  pins  into  the  wall,  and  laying  a  plank  upon  them.  The 
teachers  were  frequently  of  the  class  described  in  the  following 
extract  from  a  State  superintendent's  report  of  that  time.  "There  is 
a  class  of  teachers,  constituting  a  majority  of  all  the  teachers  in  the 
State  of  Missouri.  These  are  neither  of  us,  nor  with  us,  for  they 
came  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  if  they  live  long  enough,  some 
of  them  will  be  in  all  parts  of  the  world  again,  before  they  die. 
They  belong  to  the  peripatetic  school  of  philosophy,  and  seemed  to 
have  inherited  the  curse  of  the  wandering  Jew.     They  never  tarry  in 


472  HISTORY    OF    MEBCEE    COUNTY. 

a  neighborhood  longer  than  may  be  sufficient  to  drain  a  district  treas- 
ury and  replenish  an  empty  pocketbook. ' ' 

One  of  the  first  schoolhouses  in  the  county  was  built  in  the  Sul- 
livan neighborhood  in  the  northwest  part  of  Marion  Township,  about 
1841  or  1842.  The  first  teacher  was  Andrew  King.  Afterward  S.  H. 
Porter  was  the  teacher  for  several  sessions.  The  schoolhouses  usually 
bore  the  name  of  the  nearest  resident.  One  built  near  Lewis  Gird- 
ner's,  in  Marion  Township,  was  known  as  the  Girdner  schoolhouse. 
Another  built  at  an  early  day  near  David  Farley's  was  called  the  Far- 
ley schoolhouse.  Among  the  first  schoolhouses  built  in  the  south  part 
of  the  county  were  the  Chestnut  schoolhouse,  the  Salem  schoolhouse, 
the  Lawrence  schoolhouse  and  the  Everett  schoolhouse.  The  first 
teachers  at  the  Chestnut  schoolhouse  were  Joseph  Powers  and  John 
Beed;  at  the  Lawrence,  P.  N.  O.  Lawrence  began  teaching  about 
1845.  At  nearly  the  same  time  a  school  was  opened  by  R.  Howard 
in  an  abandoned  cabin  west  of  Modena.  Another  early  school  was 
taught  in  a  house  standing  on  land  owned  by  Joseph  Moss,  and  near 
his  residence.      The  first  teacher  was  William  Arnott. 

The  fii'st  school  at  Ravanna  was  taught  in  a  small  frame  house, 
standing  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  east  of  town,  in  1857,  by  J.  A. 
Kennedy.  About  the  close  of  the  war  a  dwelling  in  the  town  was 
purchased  and  fitted  up  for  a  schoolhouse.  It  was  used  for  several 
years.  In  1883  the  present  handsome  frame  building,  containing 
two  schoolrooms,  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  §2,500. 

Organization  of  School  Townships. — The  first  township  organized 
for  school  purposes  was  Township  65,  Range  23,  in  the  summer  of  1847. 
John  M.  Smith  was  appointed  commissioner;  Elijah  H.  Crawford  and 
"William  Evans,  directors,  and  H.  H.  Jamison,  clerk.  On  the  first  Mon- 
day of  September,  of  the  same  year.  Township  65,  Range  24,  including 
Princeton,  was  organized.  H.  B.  Gale  was  appointed  commissioner; 
Seth  Pratt  and  Nevrton  Lindsey,  directors,  and  William  J.  Girdner, 
clerk.  Township  64,  Range  25,  was  organized  on  November  1,  1847, 
with  Abial  Miles,  commissioner;  S.  F.  Rhea  and  Joshua  Howell, 
directors,  and  G.  W.  Clinkinbeard,  clerk.  Township  03,  Range  24, 
was  organized  in  February,  1848.  John  Wilson  was  appointed  com- 
missioner; William  Thomas  and  John  Howard,  directors,  and  Ben- 
jamin Cornell,  clerk.  Township  64,  Rang©  24,  was  organized  on 
February  9,  1848,  with  David  Butcher,  commissioner;  William  N. 
McAfee  and  Thomas  Cole,  directors,  and  W.  W.  Ellis,  clerk.  Town- 
ship 65,  Range  25,  was  organized  in  May,  1848;  Joseph  Prichard  was 
appointed  commissioner;    J.   M.    Nichols    and    William    Chambers, 


STATE    OF    MISSOUBI.  473 

directors.  The  earliest  statistics  of  the  schools  of  the  county  that 
could  be  obtained  were  for  1856.  In  that  year  there  were  enumerated 
2,650  children  of  school  age,  distributed  among  fifty-two  school  dis- 
tricts. The  number  of  schoolhouses  was  forty-three,  teachers,  twenty- 
seven,  pupils  taught,  773.  The  amount  paid  teachers  was  $1,614.40, 
while  there  was  paid  for  the  building  and  repairing  schoolhouses, 
$899;  $1,646.40  was  derived  from  the  State  school  fund,  and  $366.80 
from  the  township  fund.  At  this  time,  under  the  law  of  1853,  the 
schools  were  improving  very  rapidly,  and  in  1857  the  number  of 
pupils  taught  and  the  amount  paid  teachers  were  more  than  double 
the  figures  for  the  year  before. 

During  the  war  the  schools  were  badly  demoralized,  and  many 
of  them  suspended,  but  under  the  new  law  of  1866  a  better  system 
than  any  before  established  was  put  into  operation.  More  money 
was  provided,  new  and  better  schoolhouses  were  built,  and  better 
instruction  afforded. 

School  Statistics. — The  following  statistics  for  1872  indicate  the  im- 
provement that  had  taken  place,  the  number  of  pupils  then  enumerated 
being,  white — males,  2,589;  females,  2,454;  colored — males,  19; 
females,  11;  total,  5,073.  The  receipts  amounted  to  $17,614.77,  de- 
rived as  follows:  State  fund,  $3,133.02;  coimty  fund,  $2,012.61; 
township  fund,  $946.56;  taxes,  $11,522.58.  The  total  expenditures  for 
the  year  were  $14,  593.41,  of  which  $10,978.53  was  paid  to  teachers. 

In  1880  the  total  receipts  for  school  purposes  amounted  to 
$19,009.82,  and  the  expenditures  to  $15,179.  The  average  number  of 
pupils  in  attendance  during  the  year  was  8, 297  white  and  52  colored, 
distributed  among  seventy-eight  schools.  The  number  of  teachers  em- 
ployed was  108.  The  average  salary  paid  was  $30  to  males  and  $25 
to  females. 

The  following  ia  the  report  of  the  condition  of  the  schools  in  1887, 
as  made  by  the  clerk  of  the  county  court : 

The  number  of  white  persons  in  the  county  between  the  ages  of  six 
and  twenty  years,  male,  2,568;  female,  2,512.  The  number  of  colored 
persons  in  the  county  between  the  ages  of  six  and  twenty  years,  male, 
14;  female,   13.     Total,   male,  2,582;  female,   2,525. 

Cash  on  hand  July  1,  1886 $  2,554  87 

Amount  received  from  the  State  fund 4,386  90 

Interest  on  the  county  fund 3.445  43 

Interest  on  the  township  fund 1,091  26 

Amount  of  direct  tax 16,866  86 

Total ,'$28,345  31 

30 


474  HISTORY   OF   MEKCEB   COUNTY. 

Amount  expended 20,966  00 

Cash  on  hand  July  1, 1887 S  7,379  31 

Amount  of  the  permanent  county  school  fund..  37,293  49 
Amount  of  the  permanent  township  school  fund  9,966  33 
Funds  in  the  hands  of  the  county  treasurer 2,124  50 

Total 849,383  32 

The  country  schools,  under  the  supervision  of  the  county  school 
commissioner,  have  greatly  improved  during  the  past  twenty  years, 
but  there  is  need  of  more  efficient  teachers  and  longer  terms  of  school. 

The  county  commissioners  since  1866  have  been  as  follows:  Mr. 
Adams,  1866-68;  C.  E.  Minter,  1868-70;  T.  Evans,  1870-72;  S.  S. 
Wayman,  1872-74;  D.  Hubbell,  1874-80;  T.  Evans,  1880-84;  D. 
Hubbell,  1884;  term  expires  in  1888. 

The  Schools  of  Princeton. — Prior  to  1867  the  school  at  Princeton 
was  conducted  as  an  ordinary  district  school,  in  a  small  frame  building, 
which  is  still  standing.  Under  the  law  of  1866,  a  meeting  was  held 
in  school  district  No.  6,  Township  65,  Eange  24,  which  included 
Princeton,  on  September  24,  of  that  year,  for  the  purpose  of  electing 
three  trustees.  J.  N.  Truax,  N.  H.  Rogers  and  John  Broffett  were 
elected.  But  the  new  law  provided  that  a  city  or  town  might  organ- 
ize itself  into  a  special  school  district  upon  the  approval  of  the  major- 
ity of  the  voters,  and  upon  the  petition  of  a  few  of  the  leading  citizens, 
who  realized  the  necessity  for  better  school  facilities,  an  election  was 
held  on  February  21,  1867,  to  determine  whether  such  a  district 
should  be  organized  in  Princeton.  The  result  indicates  how  little 
interest  was  manifested  in  the  subject  at  that  time.  Only  twelve 
votes  were  cast,  and  of  these  eleven  were  in  favor  of  the  proposition. 
Notice  was  accordingly  given  to  the  qualified  voters  of  the  district  to 
meet  at  the  office  of  the  probate  judge  on  March  4,  1867,  to  elect  six 
directors.  H.  G.  Orton,  E.  B.  Ballew,  John  Norcross,  Israel  Patton, 
W.  Adams  and  L.  TV.  Cremeens  were  chosen. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  board  on  April  1,  1867,  it  was  resolved  to 
purchase  a  site,  and  to  proceed  at  once  to  the  erection  of  a  suitable 
building  for  the  accommodation  of  the  schools,  and  at  a  subsequent 
meeting  it  was  decided  to  levy  a  tax  of  one-half  of  one  per  cent  for 
school  purposes.  It  was  also  determined  to  have  a  three  months' 
school  taught,  and  T.  E.  Evans  and  Miss  Edna  Bollinger  were 
employed  as  teachers,  the  former  at  a  salary  of  $-10  per  month,  and 
the  latter  at  $33^.  The  schools  were  opened  in  September,  Miss 
Bollinger  occupying  the  Baptist  Church.     In  May,  1868,  a  lot  in  the 


STATE    OF    MISSOURI.  478 

southeast  part  of  the  town  was  purchased  as  a  site  for  the  new  school- 
building,  and  a  tax  of  one  per  cent  was  levied  for  school  purposes. 
In  December,  1868,  the  treasurer  reported  that  he  had  received  from 
the  county  collector  during  the  year  $1,278.56,  and  from  the  public 
fund,  $287,  a  total  of  $1,565.56.  He  had  paid  out  during  the  same 
time  $568.95.  In  1869  the  tax  levy  was  increased  to  one  and  one- 
fourth  per  cent. 

The  contract  for  the  new  school  building,  which  was  to  be  a  brick, 
34x36  feet  in  dimensions  and  two  stories  high,  was  let  to  John  Broffett 
in  June,  1869,  and  the  building  was  erected  dui'ing  the  following 
summer. 

In  January,  1870,  to  meet  the  indebtedness  thus  incurred,  bonds  of 
the  district  to  the  amount  of  $2, 500  and  bearing  10  per  cent  interest 
were   issued. 

Mr.  Evans  continued  as  principal  of  the  schools  until  the  fall  of 
1870,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  W.  W.  Murphy,  but  the  next  year,  he 
was  again  elected.  In  1872  C.  E.  Buren  was  elected  superintendent, 
and  in  April  following  was  succeeded  by  P.  Stacey.  At  this  time 
teachers  were  employed  for  terms  of  three  months  only.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1873,  T.  F.  Garrady  became  principal,  and  continued  one  year. 
He  was  succeeded  by  F.  E.  Shuster,  who,  in  about  a  month,  resigned. 
His  successor,  J.  V.  Lirch,  remained  until  1876,  when  A.  B.  Warner 
succeeded  to  the  position.  The  number  of  assistant  teachers  had  been 
gradually  increased  until  at  this  time  there  were  four. 

In  1877  T.  B.  Pratt  was  chosen  principal,  but  the  next  year  was 
succeeded  by  F.  A.  McGill.  In  1879  W.  W.  Bristow,  a  very 
excellent  teacher,  was  elected  principal,  and  continued  in  that  position 
until  the  spring  of  1881.  The  school  building  had  then  become  unsafe 
for  occupancy,  and  a  contract  was  let  for  the  erection  of  anew  build- 
ing upon  the  same  site.  The  contractors  were  D.  J.  Hasselton  and 
T.  J.  Hardesty,  and  the  architect,  0.  A.  Dunham,  of  Bm-lington,  Iowa. 
The  contract  price  was  $13,800  and  to  meet  this  outlay  bonds  of 
the  district  to  the  amount  of  $13,000,  bearing  six  per  cent  interest, 
were  issued. 

The  building  was  completed  in  July,  1882.  It  is  72x84  feet, 
and  two  stories  high,  with  a  basement,  which  can  also  be  converted 
into  school -rooms.  It  now  contains  eight  large  school-rooms,  with  the 
necessary  number  of  cloak,  cabinet,  and  recitation  rooms.  It  is  a 
handsome  building,  and  is  well  furnished. 

The  schools  were  opeqed  in  the  new  building  in  September,  1882, 
by  D.    K.    Thomas,    superintendent,    and   seven   assistant   teachers. 


476 


HISTOKY    OF    MEECEB    COUNTY. 


Prof.  Thomas  continued  as  superintendent  for  one  year,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  F.  P.  Sever,  who  also  remained  but  one  year.  His  successor 
was  J.  H.  Roney,  who  served  for  two  years.  J.  F.  Stanley,  the  pres- 
ent superintendent,  was  installed  in  September,  1S86. 

The  first  graduates  from  the  high  school  .were  Etta  Hill,  Lou 
Keddell,  Ira  D.  Orton,  and  Coleman  Stacey,  who  finished  the  course 
in  1884.  The  present  school  board  consists  of  J.  R.  Hill,  president; 
Ira  B.  Hyde,  secretary;  Eli  Mullinax,  treasurer;  David  Speer,  J.  C 
Casteel  and  Jackson  Cook. 


Biographical  Appendix, 


HAERISON   COUNTY. 

William  Alexander  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  and  was  born  September 
11,  1811.  His  parents,  John  and  Elizabeth  (Booth)  Alexander,  were 
natives  of  North  Ireland,  and  in  1822  immigrated  to  New  York  City. 
He  was  a  man  of  good  education,  and  from  New  York  went  to  Pitts- 
burgh, Penn.,  where  he  taught  school.  After  teaching  school  in 
Wayne  County,  Ohio,  a  few  months,  he  went  to  Coshocton  County, 
Ohio,  and  engaged  in  farming  until  his  death.  He  served  as  justice 
of  the  peace  in  his  township,  and  lived  to  be  over  eighty  years  of  age. 
William  Alexander  is  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  eight  children,  six  of 
whom  are  supposed  to  be  living.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  country 
and  in  Ohio,  but  as  his  father  was  poor  received  but  a  limited  educa- 
tion. After  becoming  eighteen  years  of  age  he  engaged  in  boating  for 
about  three  years,  and  then  made  his  home  with  his  father  until  his 
marriage  to  Miss  Sarah  Gardner,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  by  whom 
fourteen  children  have  been  born,  nine  of  whom  are  living,  and  all 
married  save  McClelland.  Mr.  Alexander  lived  in  Mason  County, 
111. ,  for  sixteen  years  after  his  marriage,  and  then  came  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo.,  where,  after  giving  liberally  to  his  children,  he  now 
owns  105  acres  of  good  land.  He  enlisted  in  the  Mexican  War,  but 
was  not  engaged  in  active  service.  His  son,  John,  was  a  soldier  in  the 
Rebellion,  and  for  his  services  now  receives  a  pension.  Mi-.  Alexander 
is  now  over  seventy- six  years  of  age,  and  has  been  a  life-long  Demo- 
crat.    Himself  and  wife  are  enterprising  citizens,  and  highly  respected. 

John  S.  Allen,  a  pioneer  citizen  of  Harrison  County,  was  born  in 
Overton  County,  Tenn.,  June  26,  1814,  and  is  a  son  of  William  and 
Mary  (Copeland)  Allen,  natives,  respectively,  of  Shenandoah  County, 
Va. ,  and  North  Carolina.  The  mother  is  a  sister  to  Col.  Stephen 
Copeland,  a  great  Indian  fighter,  under  Gen.  Jackson.  The  father 
was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  spent  the  greater  part  of  his  life  in 


478  HARBISON   COUNTY. 

Overton  County,  Tenn. ,  where  he  and  his  wife  both  died.  To  them 
seven  sons  and  six  daughters  were  born,  all  save  one  son  living  to 
maturity;  Hiram  M.  was  a  farmer  in  Overton  County,  Tenn.,  a  cap- 
tain in  the  militia  under  Gen.  Jackson,  and  died  in  his  ninetieth  year; 
he  was  twice  married,  and  reared  a  large  family;  Lydia,  deceased 
wife  of  Beverly  Treavis  (also  deceased),  who  left  several  children; 
Elizabeth,  deceased  wife  of  Benjamin  Nichols  and  later  of  William 
Masters,  both  of  whom  are  deceased.  There  is  one  living  child 
by  the  first  marriage:  Josiah,  who  lived  and  died  in  Overton  County 
and  left  a  family;  Nancy,  deceased  wife  of  Jefferson  Goodpasture 
(deceased),  who  left  a  family;  Isaac,  who  came  to  Illinois  at  an  early 
day  and  there  died  in  the  decade  of  the  forties;  Rachel,  deceased 
wife  of  J.  W.  Brown,  both  of  whom  died  in  Harrison  County,  leaving 
three  sons  and  two  daughters,  now  living;  Sarah,  deceased  wife  of 
James  A.  Dale,  both  of  whom  died  in  Harrison  County,  leaving  se  v- 
©ral  children,  one  son  and  two  daughters  of  whom  are  now  living; 
Christina,  widow  of  William  Fancher;  John  S. ;  William,  who  went 
to  California,  in  1850,  and  has  not  been  heard  of  for  many  years; 
Stephen  C. ,  of  Bethany;  James,  deceased  at  the  age  of  fourteen. 
John  S.,  left  his  native  county  in  1832  and  went  to  Illinois  where  he 
'married  Nancy  Childress,  in  1835.  Mrs.  Allen  is  a  native  of  Barren 
County,  Ky.,  and  the  mother  of  five  children:  Emeline,  wife  of  Will- 
iam A.  Templeman;  James  R.,  deceased;  Mary,  wifeofDr.  R.  D.  King; 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  J.  M.  Roberts,  and  Willard  C.  Mr.  Allen  followed 
the  shoemaker's  trade  in  Illinois  (which  he  learned  during  his  youth), 
and  in  1841  came  to  Missouri,  and  settled  near  Pole  Cat  Creek,  one  and 
one-half  miles  southeast  of  Bethany.  He  cultivated  a  small  farm,  and 
preached  in  Northern  Missouri,  having  been  ordained  a  minister  in  the 
Christian  Churcb  in  Illinois,  in  1838.  He  was  the  first  minister 
in  this  vicinity  and  has  always  been  an  earnest  supporter  of  religious 
enterprises.  In  1851  he  moved  to  Bethany,  which  place  he  assisted  in 
laying  off.  Then  in  1850  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  and  by 
the  exercise  of  energy  and  economy  has  amassed  a  handsome  compe- 
tency and  is  now  one  of  the  enterprising  business  men  of  the  town.  He 
was  a  director  of  the  branch,  at  Chillicothe,  of  the  old  State  Bank,  before 
the  war,  and  is  now  and  has  been  since  its  organization  president  and  one 
of  the  largest  stockholders  of  the  Bethany  Savings  Bank.  He  has  al- 
ways been  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Jackson. 
Mr.  Allen  has  never  been  an  aspirant  for  political  honors,  but  was  a  dele- 
gate in  the  convention  held  in  Missouri  in  1861  to  consider  the  relation 
of  Missouri  with  the  Union,  and  was  a  strong  Union  man;  in  fact  was 


•■*  <^-5 


HARRISON  COUNTY. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  479 

the  first  man  that  publicly  declared  his  attachment  to  the  Union  of 
the  States  in  Harrison  County  in  1861,  and  has  also  held  several  local 
offices.  During  the  early  history  of  the  county  he  was  county  and 
circuit  clerk  by  appointment  for  a  short  time,  and  in  1845  was  appointed 
county  seat  commissioner  to  lay  out  the  town  of  Bethany.  Mr.  Allen 
is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fi'aternity,  and  one  of  the  most  active 
members  of  the  Christian  Church  in  Bethany. 

John  S.  Allen  is  the  son  of  the  late  William  Robertson  Allen  [see 
sketch  of  John  S.  Allen,  Jr.],  and  was  born  in  Han'ison  County,  Mo., 
September  7,  1852.  Here  he  passed  his  boyhood  and  youth,  and  re- 
ceived a  good  common-school  education.  His  first  business  venture 
was  in  February,  1884,  when  he  engaged  in  the  livery  business,  and 
has  continued  in  the  same  ever  since,  now  owning  the  largest  stable  in 
the  city  and  county,  and  controlling  the  leading  trade  in  this  line. 
March  2,  1876,  he  married  Joanna  Grover,  a  native  of  Maine,  who 
has  borne  him  two  children,  both  of  whom  are  deceased.  Both 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Allen  are  worthy  and  active  members  of  the  Christian 
Church,  and  are  classed  with  Bethany's  respected  and  esteemed  citi- 
zens. Mr.  Allen  is  a  Democrat  in  his  political  views,  and  is  an  enter- 
prising and  public-spirited  citizen. 

Daniel  S.  Alvord  was  born  in  Warren  County,  Penn.,  January  30, 
1835,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Ursula  (Smith)  Alvord,  natives  re- 
spectively of  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire.  The  father  was  a 
Baptist  minister,  and  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  In  1846  he  emi- 
grated west  with  his  family,  and  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life  in 
Illinois.  He  died  in  Hamilton,  111.,  in  1872,  aged  eighty-eight,  and  the 
mother  died  in  1864.  They  were  the  parents  of  ten  children:  Susan- 
nah, widow  of  Butler  B.  Gates;  Mary,  deceased  wife  of  Theron  Bly; 
Sallie,  widow  of  Daniel  Jaqtiay;  Ursula,  wife  of  Theodore  P.  Jaquay; 
Harriet,  deceased  wife  of  Philip  Kessler,  the  daughter  of  whom, 
Mrs.  R.  H.  Vandivert,  is  a  resident  of  Bethany;  Rodolphus  W. ;  Ro- 
villa,  deceased  wife  of  George  T.  Montague;  Ruby,  deceased  wife  of 
James  D.  Barnes;  Permelia,  wife  of  Samuel  Gordon,  and  Daniel  S.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  spent  his  early  life  upon  the  home  farm,  and 
received  a  good  literary  education,  which  he  completed  in  ShurtlefE 
College,  Upper  Alton,  111.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  decided  to  adopt 
the  profession  of  law,  and  accordingly  read  with  Scofield,  Ferris  & 
Manier,  of  Carthage,  111.,  and  in  1858  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  that 
State,  after  which  he  began  to  practice  at  Hamilton,  111.  During  the 
war  he  served  in  Company  E,  One  Hundred  and  Fifty- sixth  Illinois 
Volunteer  Infantry  for  one  year,   and  in  1865  came  to  Missouri,   at 


480  HAERISON   COUNTY. 

first  remaining  a  short  time  at  Chillicothe.  Soon  after  he  located  at 
Bethany,  where  he  has  since  practiced  his  profession  with  more  than 
ordinary  success.  He  was  the  county  and  prosecuting  attorney  from 
1867  until  1877,  and  was  the  Eepublican  candidate  for  judge  of  the 
Twenty-eighth  Judicial  Circuit  in  1880  and  also  in  1882,  but  although 
he  ran  ahead  of  his  ticket  the  latter  time,  was  both  times  defeated, 
owing  to  the  minority  of  his  parly  in  this  circuit.  His  first  presiden- 
tial vote  was  cast  for  John  C.  Fremont  in  1856.  August  18,  1861,  he 
married  Anna  H.  Lloyd,  a  native  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  by  whom  he 
has  had  two  children:  Grace,  wife  of  William  H.  Sigler,  and  Raymond. 
Mr.  Alvord  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  G.  A.  E. ,  and  himself 
and  wife  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Alvord  is 
one  of  the  able,  legal  practitioners  of  Bethany,  and  is  an  enterprising 
and  public-spirited  citizen. 

James  T.  Anderson,  attorney  at  law,  of  Ridgeway,  Mo.,  was  born 
June  2,  18-14:,  in  Greencastle,  Ind.,  and  when  nine  years  old  accom- 
panied his  parents  to  Owen  County,  Ind. ,  and  fi-om  there  went  to 
Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in  the  autumn  of  1857.  It  being  a  new  country 
and  his  parents  being  limited  in  means,  many  were  the  hardships 
they  had  to  pass  through,  and  though  young  he  was  compelled  to 
labor  by  the  day  at  whatever  amount  he  could  seciu-e  to  assist  his 
parents  in  secui-ing  a  livelihood  for  the  family,  which  consisted  of  five 
children,  two  older  and  two  younger  than  himself.  The  father  was  a 
minister  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  received  but  a  small 
amount  for  his  sei-vices,  and  being  absent  from  his  home  the  most  of 
his  time,  all  had  to  use  their  efforts  to  secure  a  living  for  the  family. 
In  a  short  time  the  gi-eat  Rebellion  broke  out,  and  James  T.  considered 
it  his  duty  to  take  a  part  in  the  war.  Having  been  reared  by  Chris- 
tian parents,  and  taught  to  read  the  Bible,  it  was  but  natural  for  him 
to  take  sides  with  the  Government  that  he  had  learned  to  love. 
He  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Twenty-third  Missouri  Infantry,  at  Caines- 
ville.  Mo. ,  and  went  with  them  as  far  as  Chillicothe,  Mo. ,  where  all 
passed  an  examination,  but  he  was  rejected,  and  then  returned  to  the 
home  of  his  parents,  and  went  to  work  on  a  farm  in  Han-ison  County, 
Mo. ,  where  he  continued  until  August,  1862.  He  then  again  enlisted 
in  the  army,  and  was  assigned  to  Company  D,  MeiTill'  s  Horse  (later 
in  the  war  named  Second  Missouri  Cavah-y),  in  which  he  served  until 
August,  1865,  when  he  was  mustered  out  at  Nashville,  Tenn.  Re- 
turning home,  he  soon  entered  the  high  school  conducted  by  Prof.  Nor- 
ton, in  order  to  obtain  an  education,  of  which  he  had  been  deprived  be- 
fore the  war.     Owing  to  limited  means  he  was  compelled  to  leave  his 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  481 

studies,  and  teach  a  term  of  school  to  secure  funds  to  again  enter  school, 
and  advance.  This  he  continued  for  a  number  of  years  with  other  stu- 
dents, and  in  the  meantime  made  up  his  mind  to  enter  the  law  practice. 
WhUe  teaching  he  took  up  the  reading  of  law,  and  in  the  fall  of  1869 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  Judge  Jonas  J.  Clark,  at  Gallatin,  Daviess 
County,  Mo.  He  entered  the  law  office  of  Col.  Louis  C.  Pase,  at 
Hamilton,  and  commenced  the  practice  with  him  for  a  short  time,  when 
he  secured  himself  an  office,  and  conducted  the  practice  alone  until  1873. 
Then  he  removed  to  Breckenridge,  Caldwell  Co. ,  Mo. ,  and  later  to 
Eagleville,  Harrison  Co.,  Mo.,  where  he  opened  an  office  and  contin- 
ued the  practice  until  1880.  Then  he  removed  to  Ridgeway,  Mo., 
but  in  1886,  his  health  having  so  far  failed,  he  was  advised  to  retire 
from  his  profession,  which  he  did.  January  13,  1869,  Mr.  Anderson 
was  married  to  Miss  Hattie  B.  McClelland,  at  Hamilton,  Caldwell  Co. , 
Mo.,  a  native  of  Missotu'i,  by  whom  he  had  nine  childi'en,  of  whom  five 
are  now  living.  Mrs.  Anderson  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church.  Mr.  Anderson  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  is  a  member 
of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  commander  of  Elwell  Post,  No.  140,  Department 
of  Missouri.  He  is  the  fourth  of  six  children  born  to  Stephen  G.  An- 
derson and  Elmira  (Burton)  Anderson,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Indiana 
respectively,  and  son  of  Daniel  Anderson  and  Elizabeth  (Burk)  Ander- 
son, natives  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  respectively.  Daniel  Ander- 
son served  in  several  Indian  wars,  and  was  a  minister  for  a  number  of 
years  before  his  death,  living  to  the  ripe  old  age  of  about  eighty-five. 
Gay  Aufi'icht  was  born  in  Burlington,  Iowa,  March  31,  1855,  and 
is  a  eon  of  Ferdinand  Aufricht,  of  Princeton,  Mo.  [see  sketch.]  He 
was  reared  to  manhood  in  Princeton,  and  for  a  number  of  years  was  in 
business  there  for  himself,  meeting  with  well  deserved  success.  In 
March,  1882,  he  came  to  Bethany,  and  established  a  bakery  and 
restaurant.  In  the  spring  of  1885  he  embarked  in  the  groceiy  busi- 
ness in  which  he  has  since  continued.  He  carries  at  his  store  on  the 
south  side  of  the  square  a  full  and  select  stock  of  staple  and  fancy 
groceries,  queensware,  lamps,  produce  and  provisions,  and,  doing  a 
strictly  cash  business,  is  meeting  with  success,  and  controls  a  large 
share  of  the  patronage  of  the  city  in  his  line.  June  4,  1884,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Lettie  Dunn,  daughter  of  Dr.  A.  L. 
Dunn,  of  Bethany.  To  Mr.  Aufricht  and  wife,  one  son,  Irwin  R.,  has 
been  born.  Mr.  Aufi-icht  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  is  General- 
issimo of  the  Knights  Templar  Lodge  at  Bethany.  He  is  one  of  the 
successful  business  men  of  the  city,  and  merits  the  success  he  is  enjoy- 
ing. 


482  HAERISON   COUNTY. 

Albert  L.  Dunn,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  January  21, 
1827,  and  is  a  son  of  Squire  and  Experience  (Lennox)  Dunn,  both 
natives  of  the  same  State.  The  father  moved  to  Western  New  York 
with  his  family  in  1830,  and  in  1844  went  to  Wisconsin,  and  from 
thence  to  Minnesota,  in  1856,  where  he  died.  The  mother  is  still  liv- 
ing. Albert  L.  lived  with  his  parents  during  his  youth,  and  having 
begun  the  study  of  medicine  early  in  life  graduated  fi'om  the  Eclectic 
College  of  Medicine  at  Cincinnati  in  1851.  He  first  began  to  practice 
in  Iowa,  and  then  spent  a  few  years  in  Colorado.  In  1865  he  came 
to  Missouri,  and  made  his  home  in  Mercer  County  for  three  years. 
In  1868  he  came  to  Harrison  Cotmty,  practicing  at  Mount  Moriah 
until  1879,  when  he  came  to  Bethany,  where  he  has  been  principally 
engaged  in  merchandising  and  the  hotel  business.  In  1855  he  mar- 
ried Nancy  E.  Parnell,  a  native  of  St.  Joseph,  Ind.,  by  whom  he  has 
four  children:  Minnie  L.,  wife  of  William  W.  Storms;  Edwin  L., 
Lettie  D.  and  Hattie  E.     Dr.  Dunn  is  a  Democrat. 

John  Bain  is  the  only  child  of  William  and  Mary  (Bain)  Bain, 
natives  of  Randolph  County,  N.  C,  and  was  born  in  that  county  and 
State,  October  1,  1831.  The  parents  emigrated  fi'om  their  native 
county  to  Tennessee,  and  from  there  went  to  Morgan  County,  Ind., 
where  the  father  died.  He  was  a  farmer  by  occupation.  In  October, 
1850,  the  mother  accompanied  her  son  to  Missouri,  making  her  home 
with  him  until  her  death.  Previous  to  coming  to  Missouri,  John  Bain 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Nancy  Bryant,  a  native  of  Adah' 
County,  K.y.  He  located  in  Madison  Township,  in  1859,  being  one 
of  the  early  settlers  of  Harrison  County,  and  the  first  man  to  engage 
in  farming  and  stock  raising  in  the  township.  In  1881  he  built  the 
first  hotel  in  Cainesville,  which  he  has  since  successfully  conducted. 
To  himself  and  wife  eleven  children  have  been  born,  all  of  whom  are 
living,  thi-ee  in  Nebraska,  and  the  remainder  in  Harrison  County. 
His  youngest  child  is  married  and  has  one  child,  and  the  sum  total  of 
his  living  grandchildren  is  twenty-four.  Besides  his  hotel,  which  is 
commodious  and  well  furnished,  Mr.  Bain  owns  twenty  acres  of  land  in 
the  township,  and  four  town  lots.  While  in  Morgan  County,  Ind., 
iMr.  Bain  served  as  deputy  sheriff  and  road  overseer,  and  in  Harrison 
County  he  has  filled  the  office   of  justice  of  the  peace. 

Manlove  Bain  was  born  September  21,  1829,  in  North  Carolina, 
and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Rebecca  (Russell)  Bain,  both  natives  of 
North  Carolina,  and  of  Irish  and  English  descent,  respectively.  The 
father  was  a  shoemaker  by  trade,  at  which  he  worked  all  his  life,  the 
greater  part  of  the  time  in  North  Carolina.     He  was  a  victim  of  con- 


BIOGKAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  483 

sumption,  and  sufifered  with  that  disease  over  twenty  years.  To  him- 
self and  wife  thirteen  children  were  born,  of  whom  six  are  living  and 
married.  In  politics  he  was  a  Whig,  and  in  religion  a  Presbyterian. 
After  his  death  his  widow  went  to  Tennessee,  where  she  lived  until 
her  death  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty.  She  was  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church.  Manlove  Bain  spent  his  youth  in  his  native 
county,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  began  life  for  himself.  He  settled 
in  Morgan  County,  Ind. ,  when  twenty-two  years  old,  and  was  there 
married  to  Miss  Margaret  McDonald,  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  and 
daughter  of  John  and  Margaret  McDonald.  This  union  was  blessed 
with  eight  children,  five  now  living:  Rebecca  (married),  John,  Eli  S. , 
Oliver  P. ,  and  Charles.  Mr.  Bain  lost  his  first  wife  after  immigrating 
to  Harrison  County,  and  after  remaining  a  widower  two  years  married 
Mrs.  Pitezel,  widow  of  Dr.  Joseph  Pitezel,  by  whom  she  had  one  child, 
now  deceased.  Mrs.  Bain's  maiden  name  was  Sarah  C.  Roberts,  and 
she  has  borne  our  subject  three  children:  Walter  A.,  Charlotte  and 
Guy.  Mr.  Bain  is  a  self-made  man,  and  his  property  of  150  acres  is 
the  result  of  his  own  labor  and  economy. 

J.  C.  Baker  was  born  in  Morgan  County,  Ohio,  in  1834,  and  when 
two  years  old  was  taken  by  his  parents  to  McLean  County,  111.,  where 
he  resided  and  engaged  in  farming  until  the  spring  of  1860,  when  he 
moved  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  In  the  fall  of  1861  he  enlisted  in 
the  Union  army  for  six  months,  at  the  expiration  of  which  (April  21, 
1862)  he  re-enlisted  in  Company  G,  Sixth  Missouri  Cavalry,  and  upon 
the  reorganization  of  the  company  was  elected  second  lieutenant,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  until  October,  1863,  when  he  resigned  his 
commission  and  returned  to  farm  life.  In  1868  he  was  elected  clerk 
of  the  circuit  court,  and  in  1870,  elected  sheriff  and  collector  of 
Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  in  which  capacity  he  served  two  years.  He 
afterward  was  elected  to  the  office  of  collector,  and  served  two  years. 
He  then  reengaged  in  farming  and  stock  shipping  until  1886,  when  he 
established  himself  in  the  general  mercantile  business  at  Kidgeway, 
where  he  now  controls  a  lucrative  patronage.  He  began  life  poor,  biit 
now  has  a  stock  of  goods  valued  at  $4,000.  When  of  age  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Sarah  J.  Smoot,  by  whom  thirteen  children  have  been 
born:  Adeline,  Christina,  Albert,  John  A.,  Benjamin  B.,  James  L., 
Mason,  Mary  E. ,  Ida,  Charles,  Maude,  Minnie  and  Bettie.  Mi\  Baker 
is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  He  is  the 
third  child  of  James  and  Christina  (Roberts)  Baker,  natives  of  Ohio 
and  Pennsylvania,  respectively.  The  father  served  as  justice  of  the 
peace  about  fifteen  years,   and  was  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Margaret 


484  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

Baker,  natives  of  Morgan  County,  Ohio.  Mr.  James  Baker  was  mar- 
ried twice,  his  fii'st  wife  having  been  Miss  Alman,  by  whom  three 
children  were  born.  After  her  death  he  married  the  mother  of  our 
subject,  who  was  a  widow  of  Robert  Stansberry. 

W.  C.  Baker  was  born  in  Van  Buren  County,  Iowa,  April  20, 
1845.  His  father,  Jacob  Baker,  was  born  in  Maryland  and  was  there 
married  to  Miss  Hall,  a  native  of  the  same  State,  who  died  leaving 
three  children:  Joseph  H.,  Eliza  A.  and  Sarah  Jane.  He  was  a  mason 
and  plasterer  by  trade,  and  from  Maryland  went  to  Indiana,  where  he 
married  Miss  Mary  A.  Hite,  by  whom  he  had  seven  children,  only  two 
of  whom  are  living:  W.  C.  Baker  and  Charles  G. ,  who  live  in  Harri- 
son County,  Mo.  Mr.  Baker  went  to  Iowa  after  his  marriage  but  soon 
returned  to  Indiana,  where  he  spent  his  last  days.  W.  C.  Baker  was 
reared  in  Monroe  County,  Ind. ,  where  he  attended  the  district  schools. 
He  lost  his  father  when  but  five  years  old,  and  mother  when  twelve, 
and  the  following  year  worked  for  his  board  and  clothes.  He  then 
returned  home,  and  assisted  his  brother  iipon  the  home  place,  a  year 
after  which  they  both  came  west.  During  war  time  he  served  six 
months  in  Company  E,  Third  Missouri  State  Militia,  Cavalry,  and  was 
then  discharged  on  account  of  sickness.  He  returned  home,  and  in  1864 
enlisted  in  the  Forty-eighth  Iowa  Infantry,  as  a  one-hundred-day  man, 
under  Capt.  John  H.  Summers,  and  upon  the  expiration  of  his  en- 
listment received  an  honorable  discharge.  He  is  a  plasterer  by  trade, 
but  upon  his  return  home  engaged  in  farming,  which  occupation  he 
has  since  followed,  with  the  exception  of  about  five  years,  when  he 
was  interested  in  milling.  November  24,  1867,  he  married  Miss 
Sarah  A.  Glaze,  by  whom  six  children  have  been  born:  Annie  M. , 
Samuel  H.,  Charles  W.,  Harvey  N.,  Coy  and  Mary  C.  Mr.  Baker  is 
a  Eepublican,  has  served  as  township  clerk,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R. ,  Post  No.  216,  at  Cainesville.  Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  is  also  a  zealous  temperance  worker, 
regarding  intemperance  as  one  of  the  greatest  evils  of  the  times.  He 
assists  in  conducting  a  Christian  Temperance  Union  at  Mount  Pleasant 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  has  been  a  class-leader  in  said 
church  for  years.  He  is  a  well-to-do  man,  and  owns  700  acres  of  well- 
stocked  and  improved  land.  The  grandfather  of  Mr.  Baker  was  a 
soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  is  now  living  near  Mount  Pleasant, 
Iowa,  at  the  advanced  age  of  about  one  hundred. 

Charles  G.  Baker  was  born  in  Monroe  County,  Ind. ,  September  9, 
1840,  and  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Mary  H.  L.  (Hite)  Baker,  natives  of 
Maryland  and  Tennessee,  and  born  October  20,  1798  and  August  11, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  485 

1811,  respectively.  After  their  marriage  in  Indiana,  March  5,  1835,  they 
located  upon  a  farm  in  Monroe  County,  where  they  lived  until  then- 
deaths,  with  the  exception  of  three  years,  1840—42,  spent  in  Iowa.  The 
father  was  a  plasterer  by  trade,  and  died  May  1,  1850,  and  his  wife  in 
September,  1856.  Both  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and 
the  father  was  a  Whig  in  politics.  Charles  G.  is  one  of  a  large 
family  of  children,  and  during  his  youth  received  a  common-school  edu- 
cation. In  the  spring  of  1860,  with  two  brothers  and  one  sister,  he  came 
to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  engaged  in  farming.  In  1862  he 
enlisted  in  Company  H,  Third  Missom'i  Cavalry,  and  served  until  dis- 
charged at  Springfield,  Mo.,  in  the  spring  of  1865.  August  10,  1864, 
he  wedded  Miss  Harriet  Kinkead,  a  native  of  Scott  County,  111. ,  and 
at  the  close  of  hostilities  resumed  agricultural  pursuits  in  Harrison 
Co.  In  the  fall  of  1878,  he  located  where  he  now  resides,  the  place  now 
containing  240  acres.  His  marriage  has  been  blessed  with  seven 
children — two  sons  and  five  daughters — all  living  save  one  daughter. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Baker  are  worthy  and  active  members  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  in  which  Mr.  Baker  has  been  a  deacon  many  years. 

W.  W.  Ballew,  one  of  the  pioneer  farmers  of  Union  Township, 
was  born  in  Howard  County,  1823,  and  is  the  son  of  Barnabas  and 
Margaret  (Burton)  Ballew,  natives  of  North  Carolina  and  Kentucky, 
respectively,  who  accompanied  their  parents  to  Howard  County,  where 
they  were  married  about  1817,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  their  lives, 
being  among  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Howard  County  and  compelled  to 
undergo  all  the  perils  and  endure  the  privations  of  such  a  life.  Both 
were  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  for  many  years  pre- 
vious to  their  death,  the  mother' s  occiuTing  about  1857,  while  her  hus- 
band lived  until  1872.  His  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Eevolutionary 
War.  William  was  reared  with  a  full  knowledge  of  the  hardships  of 
pioneer  life,  and  his  recollections  of  that  time  are  in  decided  contrast  to 
the  comforts  and  conveniences  of  the  present  day.  His  education  was 
necessarily  a  limited  one,  and  when  about  twenty-one,  he  was  com- 
pelled to  begin  life  for  himself.  He  married  in  1844  Miss  Mary  Ann, 
daughter  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  Taylor,  early  settlers  in  Carroll 
County,  though  Mrs.  Ballew  was  born  in  Kentucky.  This  union  has 
resulted  in  six  children,  five  of  whom  are  living:  John  Milton,  George, 
Margaret  E.  (wife  of  Thomas  Vincent),  Mary  Ann,  William  Riggins, 
and  Jacob.  His  wife  died  in  1880,  and  in  1882  Mr.  Ballew  was  united 
to  Mrs.  Christina  Hardevich,  sister  of  his  former  wife.  In  1851  he 
went  to  Harrison  County,  locating  on  his  present  farm,  where  he  has 
since  lived,  making  farming  his  chief  occupation,  and  as  a  result  of 


486  HAERISON   COUNTY. 

♦ 

his  enterprise  now  owns  154  acres  of  land,  and  is  universally  esteemed 

throughout  the  county  for  his  honest  and  upright  life.  He  has  been  a 
lifelong  Democrat,  and  both  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  United 
Brethren  Church,  the  former  for  twenty-two  years;  he  has  been  also 
a  member  of  the  quarterly  conference,  and  for  the  last  two  years  a 
delegate  to  the  general  conference.  Jlr.  Ballew  has  always  taken  an 
especial  interest  in  all  educational  matters,  and  shortly  after  his  arrival 
in  Harrison  County  erected  a  schoolhouse  in  the  neighborhood  at  his 
own  expense. 

A.  J.  Barber,  d«aler  in  musical  instruments,  Bethany,  is  a  son  of 
Aquilla  and  Ellen  (Kerr)  Barber,  and  was  born  in  Licking  Coimty, 
Ohio,  August  30,  1840.  His  parents  were  natives  respectively  of 
"Washington  City,  D.  C. ,  and  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and  came  to 
Harrison  County  in  1855,  locating  not  far  from  the  village  of  Eagle- 
ville.  The  subject  was  reared  to  agricultural  pursuits,  and  received  a 
practical  English  education  in  the  country  schools  which  he  attended 
at  intervals  until  attaining  his  majority.  In  the  year  1861  he 
responded  to  the  country's  call  for  volunteers,  and  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany F,  ' '  Merrill' s  Horse, ' '  with  which  he  served  until  discharged 
on  account  of  disabilities  in  October,  1862.  He  re-entered  the  service 
the  following  year  as  private  in  the  Third  Missouri  Cavalry, 
and  after  serving  with  the  same  for  a  period  of  four  months  was  mus- 
tered out  of  the  service.  In  the  latter  part  of  1863  he  entered  the 
army  the  third  time,  enlisting  in  Company  F,  Sixteenth  Kansas  Cav- 
alry, with  which  he  participated  in  a  number  of  active  campaigns, 
until  December,  1865.  During  his  period  of  service  Mi'.  Barber 
received  three  promotions  for  meritorious  conduct,  and  at  the  time  of 
his  final  discharge  was  captain  of  the  company.  During  the  last  six 
months  in  the  army  he  traveled  with  the  company  over  6, 000  miles  in 
the  Western  States  and  Territories,  and  at  one  time  performed  escort 
duty  for  the  Indian  commission  appointed  by  Congress  to  visit  the 
different  Indian  reservations.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service 
Mr.  Barber  returned  to  Harrison  County,  and  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits  near  Eagleville,  which  occupation  he  continued  about  ten 
years.  He  subsequently  engaged  in  the  hotel  and  livery  business  in 
Eagleville,  and  after  continuing  the  same  three  j-ears  went  to  Kansas, 
in  which  State  he  resided  untU  1882.  During  the  interval  between 
1882  and  1885  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Texas  Pacific  Railroad 
Company,  but  in  the  latter  year  came  to  Bethany  and  engaged  in  his 
present  business,  i.  e.,  dealing  in  organs  and  pianos,  and  buying  and 
selling  real  estate.     He  now  makes  the  music  business  a  specialty,  and 


BIOGEAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  487 

is  in  the  enjoyment  of  an  extensive  and  lucrative  trade.  Mr.  Barber 
has  been  an  active  business  man,  and  ranks  high  among  the  business 
men  of  Bethany.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  belongs  to  the 
Masonic  fraternity  and  the  G.  A.  E. 

John  Barber  was  born  in  Licking  County,  Ohio,  December  25, 
1842,  and  is  a  son  of  Aqnilla  and  Ellen  (Kerr)  Barber,  natives  of  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. ,  and  Pennsylvania,  respectively.  Miss  Kerr  was  the 
second  wife  of  Mr.  Barber,  and  was  married  to  him  in  Licking  County, 
where  they  lived  until  1854.  They  then  came  to  Harrison  County, 
Mo. ,  where  the  father  died  January  30,  1865,  and  the  mother  still 
lives,  aged  seventy-six.  In  early  life  the  father  was  engaged  in 
steamboating  upon  the  Potomac  River,  and  was  captain  of  a  boat  a 
number  of  years.  He  was  a  Republican  and  a  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  to  which  Mrs.  Barber  belongs.  John  Barber 
received  a  common  school  education  in  Ohio,  and  in  August,  1861, 
enlisted  in  Company  F,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry,  in  which  he  served 
nine  months.  He  then  enlisted  in  the  Tenth  Kansas  Cavalry,  and 
served  as  first  sergeant  of  Company  B  two  years.  In  April,  1862,  he 
was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  and  remained  home  until  Sep- 
tember, 1863.  He  fought  Indians  out  west  in  1865,  and  was  finally 
discharged  in  December  of  that  year.  He  accompanied  his  parents  to 
Missouri  in  1854,  and  consequently,  after  the  war,  resumed  farming 
in  this  county.  In  the  spring  of  1870  he  settled  upon  his  present 
place,  which  contains  200  acres.  October  8,  1862,  he  wedded  Miss 
Elizabeth  J.  Poynter,  who  died  June  29,  1868,  and  March  2,  1870, 
married  her  younger  sister.  Miss  Martha  S.  Poynter.  By  his  first 
marriage  two  children  were  born :  Ellen  A. ,  wife  of  L.  Oaks,  and 
George  W.,  who  died  June  19,  1868.  His  last  marriage  was  also 
blessed  with  two  children:  Grace  and  Jay.  Mr.  Barber  and  wife 
united  with  the  Christian  Chu^rch  many  years  ago.  Mr.  Barber  is  a 
Republican,  and  in  1887  was  appointed  by  Norman  J.  Coleman, 
United  States  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  to  the  oflSce  of  statistical 
rej)orter  of  agriculture  in  Harrison  County,  which  ofiice  he  still 
retains.  In  1880  he  was  elected  township  assessor,  and  has  since 
served  continuously.  He  has  been  Master  of  the  Eagleville  Masonic 
Lodge  two  years,  and  is  Commander  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Post  No.  218, 
at  Blythedale. 

Thomas  J.  Barker  was  born  in  Chillieothe,  Ross  Co. ,  Ohio,  August 
4,  1840.  His  father,  Thomas  A.  Barker  was  born  near  Richmond, 
Va. ,  and  when  a  young  man  went  to  Ohio,  where  he  married  Eliza 
Carpenter,   a   native  of  Ross  County.     In    1841  the  family  moved  to 


488  HAKRISON    COUNTY. 

Indiana,  and  settled  in  Warren  County,  where  the  father  followed  his 
trade  of  carriage  making.  He  was  also  a  general  mechanic  and 
veterinary  surgeon,  and  engaged  in  these  occupations  also.  His  death 
occurred  July  13,  1868.  Thomas  J.  was  reared  in  Warren  County, 
and  in  July,  1862,  enlisted  in  Company  I,  Seventy-second  Indiana 
Volunteer  Cavalry,  in  which  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  enlisted  as  a  private  but  was  discharged  as  a  sergeant.  He  par- 
ticipated in  all  the  engagements.  His  regiment  was  in  over  sixty  in  all, 
among  which  were  Hoover's  Gap,  Chickamauga,  Big  Shanty,  Sill 
Tanvard,  Farmington  and  the  siege  and  capture  of  Atlanta.  Dur- 
ing the  engagement  at  Sill  Tanyard  fifteen  of  his  company  were 
killed  in  twenty  minutes  and  he  was  wounded.  He  was  also  wounded 
in  an  engagement  in  Georgia.  He  was  discharged  at  Indianapolis 
in  July,  1865,  and'  after  returning  home  farmed  in  Warren  County 
Ind.,  three  years.  In  September,  1868,  be  located  in  Harrison  County, 
and  in  1870  moved  upon  his  present  place,  where  he  farmed  until  1878. 
He  is  a  Republican,  and  as  such  was  elected  sheriff  of  his  county,  in 
1878,  by  500  majority,  and  was  afterward  re-elected  by  800  majority. 
He  was  first  married  in  Warren  County,  Ind. ,  in  September,  1865, 
to  Margaret  Walton,  who  was  born  near  Crawfordsville,  and  died  in 
Bethany,  in  September,  1879,  leaving  one  child,  Fannie.  In  March, 
1880,  Mr.  Barker  married  Miss  Bell  Bumgardner,  daughter  of  Stephen 
Bumgardner,  who  served  dm-ing  the  wai'  in  the  Seventy-second  Indiana 
Cavalry.  By  this  union  there  is  one  child,  Libbie,  aged  six.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Barker  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and 
well  respected  citizens  of  high  social  abilities. 

James  Barlow,  a  leading  farmer  and  stock  dealer  of  Cypress  Town- 
ship, was  born  in  Caroline  County,  Va. ,  in  1832,  and  is  the  son  of 
George  and  Sarah  (Ubanks)  Barlow,  both  of  whom  were  natives  of 
Virginia,  born  about  1786  and  1789  respectively,  and  mamed  in  1811. 
They  remained  in  Virginia  till  1836,  when  they  moved  to  Jackson 
County,  where  Mr.  Barlow  died  in  1854,  and  his  wife  in  1866.  They 
were  both  members  of  the  Baptist  Church.  He  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  the  War  of  1812,  but  was  soon  made  a  recruiting  officer.  James 
was  raised  at  home,  receiving  the  most  of  a  limited  education  after  he 
was  of  age,  and  was  married  August,  1854,  to  Miss  Lucinda,  daughter 
of  William  and  Patsey  Nally.  This  union  has  resulted  in  ten  chil- 
dren, nine  of  whom  are  living:  George  W.,  Emma  (wife  of  Frank 
Burris),  William  C. ,  Hemy  A. ,  Lola,  Howard,  Edward,  Harvey  K. 
and  Gilbert.  In  1863  Mr.  Barlow  enlisted  in  Company  I,  One  Hun- 
dred and  Seventy-second  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  Western  Virginia 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  489 

Division,  took  part  in  all  the  engagements  with  his  company,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  in  the  fall  of  1864,  after  about  one  year' s  gal- 
lant service  as  sergeant.  In  1865  he  removed  to  Livingston  County, 
Mo. ,  thence  in  1869  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  located  eight 
miles  south  of  Bethany,  and  owns  a  iine  farm  of  520  acres  of  very 
choice  land,  making  one  of  the  most  beautiful  homes  in  the  county. 
Politically  he  was  formerly  a  Whig,  and  cast  his  iirst  presidential 
vote  for  Scott  in  1852.  He  has  held  various  townshijj  offices,  and  is 
a  member  of  the  G.  A.  K.  An  earnest  advocate  of  universal  educa- 
tion, he  has  spared  no  pains  on  that  of  his  children,  two  of  whom  are 
teachers,  and  two  graduates,  one  of  the  State  University,  and  one 
of  Ann  Arbor  University.  Mr.  Barlow  and  his  wife  are  both  mem- 
bers of   the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

James  W.  Bell  was  born  in  Greene  County,  East  Tenn.,  December 
19,  1830,  and  is  a  son  of  George  and  Anna  (Dobson)  Bell,  also  natives 
of  the  same  county.  James  W.  grew  to  manhood  upon  the  farm  in 
his  native  county,  and  in  1854  came  to  Missouri,  and  located  in 
Harrison  County,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  in  Butler  Township. 
In  the  fall  of  1856  he  was  married  in  St.  Joseph  to  Miss  Sallie 
Smith,  a  native  of  Clay  County,  Mo.,  and  daughter  of  Hugh  R. 
Smith,  of  Tennessee.  In  1877  Mr.  Bell  bought  his  present  place, 
which  now  contains  160  acres  well  improved,  and  upon  which  he  has  built 
a  good  one-and-a-half-story  house,  and  good  stables  and  outbuildings. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bell  have  reared  a  family  of  eight  children:  Lucy,  wife 
of  John  Salter,  of  Daviess  County;  Robert,  married  and  in  Harrison 
County;  Hattie,  wife  of  John  Patton;  George;  Julia,  wife  of  Luther 
Barnard,  of  Nebraska;  Laura;  William  and  Charles.  Mr.  Bell  has 
always  upheld  the  principles  of  the  Democratic  party  and  has  served 
as  township  clerk  and  treasurer.  He  is  now  serving  his  foiirth  term 
as  township  collector.  To  all  offices  to  which  he  has  been  elected  he  has 
always  ran  ahead  of  his  ticket  and  carried  his  township  by  a  handsome 
majority.  Both  himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church.  The  father  of  Mr.  Bell  came  to  Harrison  County  in 
the  winter  of  1859,  where  he  made  his  home  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  while  visiting  his  daughter  in  Greene  County,  Mo. ,  in  the  fall 
of  1867.  The  mother  died  in  Harrison  County,  in  October,  1876, 
leaving  a  family  of  eight  children  who  grew  to  maturity.  Five  are 
still  living,  and  the  subject  of  this  sketch  and  one  sister  live  in 
Harrison  County. 

L.  P.  Blaker  was  born  in  Bucks  County,  Penn. ,  November  22,  1822, 
and   is    a   son  of  Peter  and  Sarah  (Harvey)  Blaker,    Quakers   and 


490  HAKEISON   COUNTY. 

natives  of  Pennsylvania.     They  were  of  English  descent,    and  died 
when  L.   P.  was  young.     He  was  left  considerable  property  which 
was  lost  by  the  treachery  of  a  friend,  and  he  was  then  penniless.     He 
began  to  learn  the  tailor's  trade  before  of  age  and  spent  three  years 
at  same      He  then  worked  at  his  trade  in  PhUadelphia  two  years,  and 
from  there  went  to  Oneida  County,  N.  Y.     He  then  spent  some  time 
at  various  places,  among  which  was  St.  Louis.     He  later  retm-ned  to 
Bucks  County,  Penn.,  and  then  to  Oneida  County,  where  m  1848  he 
married  Miss  Addie,    daughter  of   John  and  Mary  Fletcher.      The 
maiden  name  of  Mrs.  Fletcher  was  Crandall,  and  her  first  marriage 
was  to  F    Hull.     After  his  marriage  Mr.-Blaker  resumed  his  trade  at 
Dovlestown,    Bucks  Co.,  Penn.,    and  later  engaged  at  the  same  in 
Oneida  County,  N.  Y.,  until  1862.     He  then  enlisted  in  Company  A, 
Eighth  New  York  Cavalry,  under  Capt.  D.  Hamilton,  and  was  in  the 
greater    part  of    fifty-two  battles  participated  in  by  his   regiment, 
which  afterward  consolidated  and  became  Company  G.     Among  some 
of  the  battles  in  which  he  fought  are  Gettysburg,   Antietam,   Stone 
Creek   etc      After  the  cessation  of  hostilities  he  worked    at  his  trade 
in  Mercer  County,  Mo.,   and  in  1882  came  to  Harrison  County.     He 
has  since  twice  returned  to  Princeton,  Mercer  County,  but  now  resides 
upon  his  farm  in  Madison  Township,  Han-ison  Co.,  Mo.     To  himself 
and  wife  four  children  have  been  born:  Edgar  T.,  a  farmer  in  Dakota; 
Florence  A.    (deceased),   aged    eighteen;  Herbert  A.,   who  married 
Mary  F  Bull  and  has  one  child-Arthur  E. ;  and  Fred  V.  R.  (deceased). 
Mr   and  Mrs.   Blaker  have  also  reared  and  educated  a  motherless 
child     Eva  E.   Carr,    now  the  wife  of    William    A.    Walters.     Mr 
Blaker   draws   a  pension,    and  has   174  acres  of   well  stocked  and 
improved  land.     In  politics  he  is  a  Eepublican. 

William  T.  Bohannon,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Hart  County,  Ky., 
December  7,  1842,  and  is  a  son  of  Rev.  George  C,  and  Malii"ia  J^ 
(Nevill)  Bohannon,  who  were  married  August  11,  1826,  and  located 
upon  a  farm  in  Hart  County,  Ky. ;  subsequently  the  father  entered 
the  ministry  in  the  Missionary  Baptist  Chtu:ch.  They  moved  to 
Barren  County,  of  that  State,  several  years  before  their  death,  ihe 
father  died  September  9,  1844,  while  returning  home  from  an  associa- 
tion held  at  Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  and  the  mother  died  in  July,  1878^ 
William  T.  is  the  youngest  of  eight  children,  and  passed  his  boyhood 
upon  the  farm,  during  which  time  he  received  a  common-school 
education.  In  the  fall  of  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Twenty- 
first  Recriment,  Kentucky  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  until  18b5, 
when  he  was  discharged  at  Louisville,   Ky.     He  participated  in  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  491 

battles   of  Stone   River,   Tunnel  Hill,    Resaca,   Kenesaw   Mountain 
and  the  Atlanta  campaign  as  far  as  Jonesboro.     After  the  war  he 
graduated  at  the  commercial  school  in  Jacksonville,  111.,  and  studied 
several  years  in   Hart  County,  Ky.     In  the  fall  of  1869  he  entered 
the  Louisville  Medical  College,  fe-om  which  he  graduated  in  February 
1871.      He  then  commenced  the  i^ractice  of  his  profession  at  Rowlett's 
Station,  Hart  Co.,   Ky.      After  practicing  about  five   years  in  Ken- 
tucky  he  moved  to  Han-ison  County,   Mo.,  in  the  summer  of  1876 
and  located  at  Eagleville,  where  he  has  been  successful  in  his  medi- 
cal career.      October  7,    1877,    he  married  Miss  Sallie  Morrison    of 
La  Rue  County,  Ky.,  by  whom  he  has  had  two  children-  VerdaR 
born  August  2,  1878,   and  Clement  L.,   born  August  16,    1880      Dr' 
Bohannon  is  a   Democrat,   and  himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Mis- 
sionary Baptist  Chui-ch. 

E Vermont  Booth,  an  enterprising  farmer,  was  born  in  Cabell  County 
Va.,   March  25,   1833.     His  father,   Jonathan  Booth,  was  a  native  of 
the  same  place,  and  was  married  there  to  Miss  Celia  Walker,   also  of 
that  locality.      After  thirteen  years  of  farm  life  there  he  immigrated 
to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  about  1842,  at  a  time  when  the  hunting  was 
good,  and  there  were  but  few  white  settlers.      He  cleared  about  220 
acres  of  land  upon  the  banks  of  the  Grand  River  and  there  built  a  log 
house.      Besides   the   products   of   his  land  their  food   consisted   of 
honey,  wild  hogs,  deer,  turkeys,  birds,  etc.,  the  game  being  killed  by 
him  with  an  old  style  flint  rifle.     Of  his  man-iage  with  Miss  Walker 
there  are  three  surviving  children:    Andrewville,  Zerilda  Hamm  and 
Evermont.      Mr.   Booth  lost  his  first  wife  in  Harrison  County,  and  he 
subsequently  wedded  Mrs.  Harriet  Hunt,  who  was  a  widow  with  three 
children,  and  bore  Mr.   Booth  one  child- Washington  Booth.     After 
his  second  marriage  Mr.    Booth  traveled  through  Iowa  and  Kansas, 
after  which  he  returned  to  Missouri.     His  death  occurred  at  the  a-e 
of  eighty-one.      His  widow  is  now  resident  of  Nodaway  County,  Mo 
Evermont  Booth  remained  upon  his  father's  farm  until  1850,   and 
then  went  to   California,  where  he  remained  eighteen  months.     He 
then  returned  by  water,  and  exchanged  the  gold  dust  he  had  accumu- 
lated for  gold  coin  at  New  Orleans.     March  31,    1853,   he  married 
Miss  Susan  Reeves,  of  Kentucky,  by  whom  he  had  thirteen  children 
ten  now  living:  Albertine,  Udora,  William,   Alice,    Segal,   Catherine, 
Wge,    John,     Rosa  and    Minerva.      Mrs.    Booth   died   October  10 
;  !?  ^g«d  forty-six  years,  five  months  and  eight  days,  and  is  buried 
at  the  Booth  graveyard.     A  year  later  Mr.   Booth  married  Mrs.  Celia 
A.   (Heddle)  Scott,  a  native  of  Putnam  County,  Ind. ,  and  widow  of 


492  HAERISON    COUNTY. 

John  M.  Scott,  by  ■whom  she  had  one  son,  who  died  at  the  age  of 
twelve.  Mr.  Booth  is  a  well-to-do  farmer-citizen  of  Harrison  County, 
and  owns  180  acres  of  land  in  his  homestead  near  Gainesville,  besides 
180  acres  more  in  Harrison  County,  ilr.  Booth  speaks  the  Indian 
language  quite  fluently,  and  during  the  war  served  in  the  Missouri 
State  Militia.  Both  himself  and  wife  are  useful  and  worthy  members 
of  the  Christian  Church. 

D.  S.  Booze  was  born  in  Knox  County,  Ohio,  June  26,  1836,  and 
is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Ann  (Slusher)  Booze,  who  were  of  German 
descent'and  born  near  Pittsburgh,  Penn.  In  1831  they  left  their  native 
State,  and  moved  to  Knox  County,  Ohio,  and  the  father  worked  at  his 
trade,  that  of  carpentering,  which  was  his  principal  occupation 
through  life,  although  after  1844  he  farmed,  improved  places  and 
engaged  in  the  sawmilling  business.  He  was  thrice  mairied;  his 
first  wife,  Julia  Ann  Nisnangee,  was  the  mother  of  four  children,  two 
of  whom  are  living:  Morgan  and  Eliza.  His  second  wife,  who  was 
the  mother  of  our  subject,  bore  him  nine  children,  of  whom  eight  are 
living:  Christopher,  Alexander  (deceased),  Henry,  Catherine,  Dean  S., 
Aminda  and  Amanda  (twins),  Andrew  J.  and  Elizabeth.  The  third 
wife  was  Mrs.  Nancy  Sloan,  whose  maiden  name  was  Byers,  and  who 
had  no  children.  Mr.  Jacob  Booze  is  now  a  resident  of  this  county, 
aged  ninety-one.  His  parents,  Christopher  Booze  and  wife,  were 
natives  of  Germany,  and  the  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary 
War.  D.  S.  Booze  was  reared  in  the  coiintry  in  his  native  county,  and 
received  biit  a  limited  education.  He  worked  for  different  people  and 
in  a  mill  until  1863,  and  then  herded  sheep  in  Marshall  County, 
Iowa,  until  1864,  when  he  went  west.  He  fii'st  went  to  Omaha,  Neb. , 
and  then  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  via  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
for  three  or  four  years  built  and  repau-ed  telegraph  lines.  In  1868 
he  came  to  Missouri,  and  purchased  his  present  farm,  to  which  he  has 
since  added.  He  now  has  a  nice  residence,  commodious  barns  and 
300  acres  of  finely  improved  land  on  the  home  tract,  besides  other 
valuable  lands  in  Clay  Township.  He  is  one  of  the  self-made,  enter- 
prising men  of  the  place,  and  in  politics  is  a  Democrat.  April  4, 
1872,  Mr.  Booze  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  P.  Norris,  a 
native  of  Marion  County,  Ohio,  and  daughter  of  William  and  Martha 
(Enlow)  Norris.  The  latter  were  born  in  Ohio,  and  the  father  is  a 
resident  of  Kansas,  the  mother  being  deceased.  Mrs.  Booze  was  a 
resident  of  Cainesville,  Mercer  Co.,  Mo.,  at  the  time  of  her  marriage, 
and  is  the  mother  of  four  children:  Estella,  Adele,  Katie  and  Viola. 

Daniel  D.  Boyce,   a  prominent  farmer,  stock  raiser  and  merchant 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  493 

at  Blue  Ridge,  was  born  December  11,  1832,  in  Harrison  County,  Ky., 
and  is  the  fifth  of  a  family  of  eight  children  of  Noah  and  Matilda 
(Miles)  Boyce,  natives  of  Scott  County,  Ky.,  and  Harrison  County, 
Ky.,  respectively.  The  father  assisted  in  ejecting  the  Mormons  from 
Illinois,  and  being  a  prominent  man  of  his  county  was  offered  several 
oflices  of  different  kinds,  which  he  refused  to  accept.  He  was  a  son  of 
William  and  Abbie  Boyce,  natives  of  Scotland  and  Virginia,  respect- 
ively. The  former  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  Mrs.  Matilda 
Boyce  was  a  daughter  of  Charles  Miles,  a  native  of  Virginia.  Daniel 
D.  accompanied  his  parents  to  Morgan  County,  111.,  when  a  year  old, 
and  lived  there  until  November,  1856,  when  he  came  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo.  He  began  life  for  himself  at  the  age  of  seventeen  with 
$50,  and  afterward  received  $100  from  his  father's  estate,  but  the 
remainder  of  his  property  has  been  earned  by  his  own  efforts.  He  has 
781  acres  of  excellently  improved  and  cultivated  land  which  is  well 
stocked  and  equipped  for  agricultural  pursuits,  and  is  one  of  the  well- 
to-do  farmer  citizens  of  the  county.  May  20,  1857,  he  married  Miss 
Catherine  Maddox,  by  whom  he  had  two  children:  Ida  F.  and  Eliza- 
beth E.  (deceased).  Mr.  Boyce  lost  his  first  wife  January  17,  1862, 
and  was  married  a  second  time  on  May  25,  1863,  to  Miss  Nancy  J. 
Baldwin,  daughter  of  William  Baldwin,  who  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Harrison.  This  marriage  of  Mr.  Boyce  has  been  blessed  with  two 
children :  Lillie  P.  and  Ettie  L.  Mr.  Boyce  belongs  to  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  and  his  wife  to  the  Missionary  Baptist.  In  politics 
Mr.  Boyce  is  a  Republican,  and  he  has  served  three  years  as  county 
judge  and  eight  years  as  justice  of  the  peace.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  He  enlisted  in  the  Union  army  at  the  commencement  of 
the  war,  and  served  a  greater  portion  of  the  time  until  November, 
1864,  in  Company  E,  Forty-third  Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry.  He 
was  mustered  out  at  Benton  Barracks  July  8,  1865,  as  second  lieuten- 
ant of  his  company. 

Elisha  Brace  is  a  native  of  Monroe  County,  N.  Y. ,  and  was  born 
April  24,  1820.  His  father,  Hiram  Brace,  was  a  native  of  the  same 
county  and  State.  His  gi'eat- grandfather,  Elisha  Brace,  was  of  En- 
glish birth,  settled  upon  the  Mohawk  River  at  an  early  date,  and  was 
a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  His  grandfather,  Elisha  Brace, 
Jr. ,  was  an  early  settler  of  Monroe  County,  a  soldier  in  the  War  of 
1812,  and  at  one  time  county  judge  of  Calhoun  County,  Mich.  Hiram 
Brace  was  reared  upon  a  farm  in  New  York,  and  married  Elsie  Wor- 
den,  a  native  of  that  State,  and  in  1836  settled  in  Calhoun  County, 
Mich.,  where  he   improved  a  farm,  upon  which  he  resided  until  his 


494  HAERISON   COUNTY. 

death  in  1850.  Elisha  Brace,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  is  the  eldest 
of  a  family  of  five  sons  and  two  daughters,  all  of  whom  grew  to  ma- 
turity, and  three  of  whom  are  now  living.  He  was  reared  in  Cal- 
houn County,  and  during  his  youth  learned  the  carpenter's  trade. 
After  becoming  of  age  he  returned  to  New  York,  and  was  married  in 
Orleans  County,  September  29,  1844,  to  Miss  Ruth  Jeanette  Bennett, 
daughter  of  Charles  A.  Bennett,  a  pioneer  settler  of  that  county. 
Mrs.  Brace  is  a  native  of  Orleans  County,  and  after  her  man-iage 
moved  with  her  husband  to  Michigan,  where  Mr.  Brace  worked  at 
his  trade  in  connection  with  farming  and  teaching.  He  also  sold 
goods  aboiit  five  years  at  Coopersville,  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,  and  in 
1869  left  that  place  and  came  to  HaiTison  County,  Mo. ,  where  he 
bought  raw  land  upon  the  western  line  of  the  boundary,  and  improved 
a  farm,  upon  which  he  farmed  until  1885,  when  he  resigned  the  man- 
agement to  his  son.  In  October  of  that  year  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  New  Hampton,  and  in  1886  established  his  present 
hardware  business.  His  one  child,  Albert  E. ,  is  married,  the  father 
of  a  family,  and  makes  his  home  upon  the  old  homestead.  Mr.  Brace 
is  a  Democrat,  and  has  held  various  offices  of  responsibility  both  in 
Michigan  and  Missouri.  He  has  filled  the  office  of  postmaster  in  Kent 
and  Ottawa  Counties,  Mich.,  so  that  this  is  the  third  time  he  has 
occupied  that  position.  He  is  now  a  resident  of  New  Hampton,  whither 
he  moved  his  family  in  1885. 

Conrad  C.  Bram  was  born  April  29,  1846,  in  Illingen,  oberamt 
Maulbron  Wurtemberg,  Germany,  and  in  1853,  when  seven  years 
old,  came  with  his  parents  to  the  United  States,  landing  in  New  York 
City,  and  immediately  proceeding  to  Delaware  County,  Ohio,  where 
they  lived  until  1857,  at  which  time  they  moved  upon  a  farm,  half  a 
mile  east  of  the  present  residence  of  our  subject,  which  Mr.  Bram, 
father  of  Conrad  C. ,  entered.  Conrad  Bram  began  life  upon  his  own 
responsibility  when  twenty-one  with  no  money,  but  has  through 
industry  and  practical  business  ability  succeeded  well  in  life,  and  is  now 
the  owner  of  a  splendidly  improved  farm,  upon  which  he  resides,  of 
120  acres,  well  equipped  in  every  way  for  farming.  February  22, 
1874,  he  was  imited  in  marriage  with  Miss  Margaret  Stahli,  a  native 
of  Eipley  County,  Ind.,  and  daughter  of  Casper  and  Catherine 
(Snyder)  Stahli,  natives  of  County  Bern,  Switzerland,  and  Hesse 
Darmstadt,  Germany,  respectively,  who  immigrated  to  the  United 
States,  and  located  in  Ripley  County,  Ind. ,  where  they  were  married. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bram  seven  children  have  been  born:  DoraC,  Bertha 
A.,  J.  Adolph,  Clara R.,  Esther  E.,  H.  Otto  and  Ella  B.     Mr. Bram  is 


BIOGKAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  495 

a  Republican  in  polities,  and  in  the  spring  of  1887  was  elected  trustee 
of  his  township.  He  has  also  served  his  township  in  other  capaci- 
ties, and  for  about  thirteen  years  was  clerk  of  his  school  district. 
Dm-ing  the  war  he  served  in  the  Enrolled  State  Militia.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  and  his  wife  belongs  to  the  Evangelical 
Association.  He  is  the  fourth  of  a  family  of  eleven  children  (five  of 
whom  are  now  living,  six  having  died  in  infancy)  of  John  Christopher 
and  Catherine  Dorothy  (Stahl)  Bram.  After  living  in  Delaware 
County,  Ohio,  as  above  stated,  the  parents  came  to  Harrison  County, 
Mo.,  where  they  permanently  located.  The  father  was  born  in  Illin- 
gen,  oberamt  Maulbron,  Germany,  and  died  in  Harrison  County, 
Mo. ,  Januaiy  3,  1874,  aged  sixty-two.  The  mother  is  now  making 
her  home  with  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  The  paternal  grandparents 
of  Conrad  Bram  were  Christian  and  Magdalene  (Carwecker)  Bram, 
natives  of  the  Kingdom  of  Wuiiemberg,  Germany,  where  the  former 
was  a  burgomaster  for  many  years.  The  maternal  grandparents, 
John  Conrad  and  Catherine  (Burger)  Stahl,  were  natives  of  Weissach, 
oberamt  Vaihingenon  the  Ens,  and  the  former  was  a  butcher  by  trade, 
in  connection  with  which  he  engaged  in  farming.  J.  C.  Stahl  was  a 
son  of  Martin  and  Dorothy  (Yetter)  Stahl,  and  his  wife  a  daughter  of 
Jacob  and  Eegina  (Waidelich)  Burger,  who  were  natives  also  of  Wur- 
temberg.  Mr.  Jacob  Berger  was  an  uncle  of  Mrs.  Catherine  Dorothy 
Bram,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Napoleonic  expedition  to  Moscow,  of 
which  he  was  a  survivor  for  many  years. 

William  Brough  was  born  in  Willingham  Lane,  near  Gainsboro, 
on  the  River  Trent,  Lincolnshire,  England,  December  22,  1827,  and 
is  a  son  of  James  and  Mary  (Grundy)  Brough,  natives  of  England, 
and  born  in  Nottinghamshire  and  Lincolnshire,  respectively.  The 
father  died  in  Lincolnshire,  October  29,  1873,  aged  eighty-one  years, 
and  the  mother  in  Yorkshire,  November  13,  1882,  aged  eighty-six 
years.  William  was  reared  upon  a  farm,  and  during  his  youth  received 
a  limited  education.  In  1851  he  immigrated  to  America,  and  immedi- 
ately went  to  Lockport,  N.  Y. ,  where  he  remained  three  months.  He 
then  located  in  La  Porte  County,  Ind. ,  and  engaged  in  farming  four- 
teen years.  In  1865  he  removed  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  set- 
tled upon  his  present  farm  of  2-4:7  acres  in  Jefferson  Township,  where 
he  has  since  resided,  and  has  established  himself  as  one  of  the  success- 
ful farmers  of  the  township.  He  is  a  man  of  good  principles,  and 
enjoys  the  respect  of  his  neighbors  and  fellow  citizens. 

Bernard  Austin  Brown,  a  farmer  of  Cypress  Township,  was  born 
in  West  Virginia,  April  13,  1830,  and  is  a  son  of   John  B.  and  Han- 


496  HAEKISON    COUNTY. 

nah  (Hill)  Brown.  The  father,  of  Irish  descent,  was  born  near  Mount 
Sterling,  Ky. ,  in  1794,  and  served  in  the  War  of  1812,  after"  which  he 
went  with  a  colony  to  West  Virginia,  where  he  was  married  about  1819, 
remaining  there  till  18-43,  when  he  went  to  Daviess  County,  Mo. ,  thence 
in  1854  to  Harrison  County,  locating  in  Cypress  Township,  afterward 
returning  to  Salem,  where  he  died  in  1877.  His  wife  was  born  in  West 
Virginia  in  1800,  and  died  in  1863,  in  Cypress  Township.  They  were 
both  members  of  the  Baptist  Church  for  many  years.  Benton  A. 
accompanied  his  parents  to  Missouri  in  1849,  went  from  that  place  to 
Mexico,  afterward  to  California,  where  he  engaged  in  mining  till  1853 
when  he  returned  to  Missoui-i  and  located  on  his  present  farm.  In 
1854  he  was  married  to  Miss  Calista,  daughter  of  Aseph  and  Elizabeth 
Butler,  formerly  of  Illinois,  where  Calista  was  born.  This  marriage 
has  been  blessed  with  nine  children,  eight  of  whom  are  living.  Clara 
(widow  of  Alex.  Brightop),  Emma  (wife  of  Nelson  Parrott),  Ida  (wife 
of  Eobert  Waltz,  of  Nebraska),  James  E. ,  Norton  H. ,  Ernest  L.  and 
Eda  Alice  (twins),  and  Willford  Butler.  In  politics  he  was  formerly  a 
Whig,  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  Gen.  Scott  in  1852,  acted  with  the 
Republican  party  till  the  Greenback  party  was  organized,  when  he 
sympathized  with  them,  but  at  present  is  a  member  of  the  Union 
Labor  party.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Grange.  During  the  war 
he  served  in  Capt.  Sutton's  company.  Both  Mr.  Brown  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  the  Christian  Church.  An  early  settler  in  a  new 
country,  he  has  seen  its  gradual  development  into  prosperity,  and  has 
struggled  against  the  disadvantages  of  a  very  limited  education,  until 
at  present  ho  is  a  well-to-do  and  prosperous  citizen,  and  owns  a  fine 
farm  of  240  acres,  200  of  which  are  in  a  fine  state  of  cultivation. 

James  B.  Brower,  an  old  settler  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  a  son  of 
Adam  and  Jeanette  (McMurchy)  Brower,  was  born  in  Clermont  County, 
Ohio,  in  1824.  His  father  is  a  son  of  a  fisherman  who  was  a  native  of 
Holland,  and  he  was  born  in  Egg  Harbor,  N.  J. ,  in-1802.  The  mother 
was  born  in  Scotland  in  1809,  and  at  the  age  of  ten  came  to  America. 
She  was  married  in  Clermont  County,  Ohio,  and  in  1839  moved  to  Jen- 
nings County,  Ind.,  where  she  died  in  1880.  She  was  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Chuixh,  in  which  Mr.  Brower  has  been 
a  local  minister  for  forty  years.  He  is  still  a  resident  of  Jennings 
County,  and  has  engaged  in  farming,  brickmaking  and  building.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Whig,  is  now  a  Republican,  and  has  served  as  justice 
of  the  peace.  James  B.  Brower  is  the  eldest  child  of  his  parents,  and 
during  his  early  youth  worked  ten  years  at  the  brickmaker's  trade. 
In  1846  he  married  Elizabeth  B.  Bailiff,  a  native  of  Clermont  County, 


II 

i 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  497 

Ohio,  born  in  1828,  to  whom  ten  children  were  born:  Benjamin  R., 
Leonora,  Angeline,  Sylvania,  James  L.,  Charles  H.,  Willard  F.,  Ellis 
M. ,  Mary  and  Jasper.  In  1853  Mr.  Brower  and  family  moved  to 
Marion  County,  Iowa,  and  the  following  year  came  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo.,  where  he  has  since  lived  and  is  the  owner  of  163  acres  of 
good  land  and  is  a  prominent  citizen.  In  1861  he  joined  Capt.  Fitch's 
company  of  militia,  and  shortly  after  became  captain  of  a  company. 
In  1862  he  entered  Company  A,  Thirty-fifth  Missouri  Volunteer 
Infantry,  United  States  Army,  as  first  lieutenant,  which  position  he 
held  until  the  close  of  the  war,  the  last  two  years  of  which  he  had 
command  of  his  company.  He  was  in  command  at  the  battle  of  Helena, 
where  he  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner.  In  politics  he  is  a  stanch 
Republican,  and  as  such  has  been  assessor,  county  judge,  and  repre- 
sented his  company  in  the  twenty-eighth  and  twenty-ninth  General 
Assemblies.  In  1885  he  lost  his  wife,  and  the  following  year  married 
her  sister,  Mrs.  Edith  Ghan. 

William  D.  Bryant,  M.  D.,  is  a  son  of  Thomas  O.  and  Nancy 
(Edwards)  Bryant.natives  of  Garrard  County,  Ky. ,  and  is  a  descendant 
of  a  well-known  and  highly  respected  family,  The  father  was  a 
nephew  of  ex-Gov.  Owsley,  of  Kentucky.  In  1833  he  moved  to 
Indiana,  and  made  his  home  in  Bartholomew  and  Decatur  Counties. 
He  died  in  the  latter,  having  been  thrown  from  a  mule,  while  looking 
after  his  extensive  business.  His  wife  survived  him  but  five  months, 
and  was  buried  by  his  side  on  the  old  homestead.  Both  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church,  in  which  Mr.  Bryant  was  an  elder  many 
years.  William  D.  was  born  February  11,  1837,  and  at  the  age  of 
eight  years  was  left  an  orphan.  He  attended  an  academy  during  his 
early  life  at  Hartsville,  Bartholomew  County,  and  at  the  age  of  twelve 
was  apprenticed  by  his  guardian,  Elder  Hopkins,  to  the  tanner' s  trade, 
which  proved  uncongenial,  and  he  then  worked  in  a  brickyard  and 
upon  a  farm  of  his  brother  until  1856.  The  brother  then  came  to  Mis- 
souri, and  William  worked  as  a  farm  hand  at  Hartsville  until  October 
1,  1857,  when  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Miller,  a  native  of  Bartholo- 
mew County,  Ind. ,  where  her  father  is  still  engaged  in  farming  at  the 
age  of  eighty-seven.  Mr.  Bryant  remained  in  that  county  engaged  in 
farming  and  reading  medicine  until  1862,  and  August  6  of  that 
year  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Twelfth  Indiana  Infantry,  under  Col. 
William  H.  Link.  He  served  twenty-six  months,  most  of  the  time  as 
clerk  and  hospital  stewart,  but  was  twice  a  prisoner;  also  participated 
in  the  battle  of  Richmond.  July  9,  1865,  he  immigrated  to  Mount 
Moriah,  Harrison  County,  where  he  spent  three  years  practicing  medi- 


498  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

cine  which  he  had  studied  before  the  war  in  Indiana.  July  9,  1868, 
he  came  to  Gainesville,  where  he  has  enjoyed  a  lucrative  practice  for 
almost  twenty  years,  his  territory  extending  over  Harrison  and  Mercer 
Counties.  To  the  Doctor  and  Mrs.  Bryant  four  children  have  been 
born:  Thomas  F.,  Josephine  (deceased),  Kate  G.  and  Cora  M.  Dr. 
Bryant  is  adjutant  of  Gainesville  Post  No.  216,  G.  A.  E.,  is  justice  of 
the  peace,  notary  public  and  pension  attorney,  and  draws  a  pension  of 
$8  per  month.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  has  been  clerk 
of  the  town  board  ten  years.  Besides  his  residence  property  in  Gaines- 
ville he  is  the  owner  of  four  lots.  Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the 
Christian  Church,  of  which  he  is  a  deacon  and  clerk.  Dr.  Biyant  is 
in  sentiment  a  Prohibitionist,  and  delights  in  the  Sunday-school  work 
of  which  he  is  a  superintendent.  He  is  a  brother  of  Prof.  T.  J.  Brj-- 
ant.  the  world-renowned  penman  and  accountant  of  Indianapolis, 
Ind.  Dr.  Bryant  is  a  graduate  of  his  brother's  school  in  bookkeeping 
and  penmanship. 

Judge  Joseph  F.  Bryant  was  born  in  Bartholomew  County,  Ind. , 
January  21,  1841,  and  is  a  son  of  Stephen  and  Elizabeth  (Hancock) 
Bryant,  both  natives  of  GaiTard  County,  Ky.  The  family  removed  to 
Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  in  1851,  and  settled  upon  a  farm  which  is  now 
in  Adams  Township.  The  father  died  in  this  county  in  1879.  The 
mother  died  seven  or  eight  years  previous,  and  was  the  mother  of  the 
following  children:  Joseph  F. ;  Mary,  wife  of  Thomas  F.Walton; 
Eliza,  wife  of  John  H.  Ensley;  William  S.,  of  Horton,  Kas.,  and 
Luther  (deceased).  Joseph  F.  is  the  eldest  child,  and  was  reared  to 
manhood  upon  the  farm  in  this  county.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
came  to  Bethany,  and  for  nine  or  ten  years  was  employed  in  the 
county  clerk's  and  other  officers.  In  the  meantime  he  studied  law, 
and  in  1862  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  186-l:-65  he  served  as  county 
attorney,  and  for  the  past  quarter  of  a  century  has  practiced  his  pro- 
fession in  Bethany  in  connection  with  the  real  estate  business.  He 
has  also  been  engaged  in  the  mercantile  line,  and  by  the  exercise  of 
prudence,  industry  and  strict  attention  to  business,  has  amassed  a 
handsome  competency,  and  is  now  one  of  the  solid  business  men  of 
Harrison  County.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  as  such  has  held 
the  various  offices  he  has  so  efficiently  filled.  For  five  years  he 
served  as  county  judge  of  Harrison  County,  and  from  1878  until  1881 
filled  the  office  of  probate  judge.  July  2,  1866  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Rhoda  Manes,  a  native  of  Illinois,  who  died  in  1877  leav- 
ing three  children:  John  B. ,  Cora  B.  and  Stephen  O.  August  7,  1878, 
he  married  his  present  wife,  who  was  Miss  Anna  E.  Robinson,  daugh- 


BIOGKAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  499 

ter  of  Col.  William  P.  Eobinson,  andby  whom  he  has  had  four  children: 
Pauline,  Elizabeth,  Joseph  F.  and  William  P.  The  Judge  and  Mrs. 
Bryant  are  active  members  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  highly 
esteemed  by  the  community. 

William  T.  Buck,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Section  14,  Township 
63,  Range  28,  was  born  half  a  mile  fcom  his  present  residence  in  1854, 
and  is  a  son  of  Bethuel  and  Mary  (Nicholas)  Buck.  The  father  was  of 
Pennsylvania  Dutch  and  English  descent,  and  was  born  in  White 
County,  Tenn. ,  in  1817.  He  was  married  in  his  native  State  in  1836, 
and  in  1850  immigrated  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  locating  in  Section 
13,  Township  63,  Range  28,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life 
engaged  in  farming.  His  death  occurred  April  3,  1885,  at  which  time 
he  was  the  owner  of  240  acres.  His  father,  Jonathan  Buck,  was  born 
and  died  in  Tennessee.  Mary  (Nicholas)  Buck  is  of  German  descent 
and  was  born  in  Jackson  County,  Tenn.,  in  1821.  She  now  resides 
upon  the  old  home  place  and  is  the  mother  of  five  living  children :  Madi- 
son; Glaphrey,  wife  of  Charles  Nelson;  Martha,  wife  of  George  Selby; 
Susan,  wife  of  Robert  Mitchell,  and  William  T.  The  last  named 
received  a  common  and  public  school  education  in  Bethany,  and  lived 
with  his  parents  until  past  nineteen.  June  5,  1873,  he  married  Miss 
Amanda,  daughter  of  Marcus  and  Martha  (Potter)  Gunn.  Mrs.  Buck 
is  a  native  of  Washington  County,  Penn. ,  was  born  in  1855,  and  in 
1870  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Buck  five 
childi-en  have  been  born :  Cora,  Mollie,  Orlanda  and  Alvin  (twins),  and 
Lucy.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Buck  located  in  the  same  section  as 
the  old  homestead,  and  there  resided  until  1882  when  he  bought  120 
acres  of  his  present  place.  He  now  owns  180  acres  of  first-class  land, 
and  has  a  well-improved  farm.  He  is  an  enterprising  farmer,  and  in 
1885  erected  a  large  l^wo-story  frame  dwelling  at  a  cost  of  $800.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 

Robert  J.  Buntin,  a  native  of  Boone  County,  Ind. ,  was  born  in 
1835,  and  is  the  third  of  nine  sons  of  James  L.  and  Mary  B.  (Elliott) 
Buntin.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Kentucky,  in  which  State  their 
maiTiage  occurred  about  1829.  Shortly  after  they  went  to  Boone 
County,  Ind.  (being  among  the  first  settlers  in  that  coiinty),  thence  in 
1855  to  Harrison  County,  locating  near  Brooklyn,  where  the  mother 
died,  and  where  the  husband  still  resides,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty - 
two.  Both  ]Mr.  and  Mrs.  Buntin  are  members  of  the  Christian  Church. 
Robert  J.  remained  with  his  parents  thirty  years,  having  a  very  limited 
education,    his   entire   school-life   not    exceeding   three  months.     In 


500  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

October,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  army,  Company  G,  Twenty- 
third  Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry,  operating  in  Missouri,  Tennessee, 
Georgia  and  Virginia.  He  took  part  in  the  engagement  at  Shiloh, 
where  he  was  captured,  and  taken  to  Montgomery,  Ala. ,  and  Macon, 
Ga. ,  and  held  as  a  prisoner  until  October,  1862,  when  he  rejoined  his 
command,  accompanying  Sherman  all  through  the  Georgia  and  Atlanta 
campaigns  to  the  coast,  where  he  was  discharged  after  four  years' 
service.  The  same  year  he  was  married  to  Miss  Susan  F. ,  daughter 
of  Thomas  P.  and  Susanna  Shumard,  who  were  natives  of  New  Jersey 
and  Virginia,  respectively,  though  Mrs.  Buntin  was  born  in  Ohio,  and 
accompanied  her  parents  to  Missouri  in  1855.  This  union  has 
resulted  in  five  children:  Lulu  Bessie  (wife  of  TJtus  Cord),  Eaton,  Ed- 
ward Roy,  Robert  H.  E. ,  Laura  Anna  and  Arthur  Estus.  Mr.  Buntin 
now  resides  near  Brooklyn,  where  he  has  a  finely  improved  farm  of  160 
acres,  and  twenty  acres  of  timber.  Politically  he  is  a  Republican,  and 
both  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
Mr.  Buntin  has  always  taken  a  great  interest  in  all  educational  enter- 
prises, and  in  the  general  welfare  of  the  community,  and  is  honored 
and  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 

B.  F.  Bums  is  a  son  of  Tarrance  and  Catherine  (Jackson)  Burns, 
and  was  born  in  Harrison  County,  Ky. ,  in  1820,  being  one  of  a  family 
of  twelve  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living.  After  his  marriage  the 
father  moved  to  Nashville,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade,  that  of  brick- 
laying. While  there  he  built  a  house  for  Gen.  Jackson.  He  after- 
ward lived  in  Kentucky,  and  then  moved  to  Jefferson  County,  Ind. , 
where  he  lost  his  wife,  and  was  married,  a  second  time,  to  Mrs.  Sarah 
Sharp,  a  widow.  His  death  occun-ed  in  that  county.  B.  F.  Burns  passed 
his  early  youth  upon  his  father' s  farm  in  HaiTison  County,  Ky. ,  and 
Jefferson  County,  Ind. ,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  began  life  for  him- 
self as  a  farm  laborer.  For  three  years  he  worked  for  his  brother-in- 
law,  at  $4  per  month,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  married  Miss 
Elizabeth  Chambers,  daughter  of  John  Chambers,  of  Decatur  County, 
Ind. ,  after  which  he  engaged  in  farming  in  that  county  three  years. 
In  18-44  he  immigrated  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  five  years  later 
came  to  Harrison  County.  He  then  made  an  overland  trip  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  spent  three  years  there  profitably,  after  which  he  returned 
home  by  water,  where  he  has  since  resided.  During  the  war  he 
enlisted  in  Company  E,  Third  Missouri  State  Militia  Cavalry,  serving 
under  Col.  King,  a  son  of  Gov.  King.  He  fought  Gen.  Marmaduke's 
troops  at  Springfield,  and  was  captured  at  Neosho.  He  was  afterward 
paroled,  but  obliged  to  take  up  arms  again.    After  the  war  he  resumed 


BIOGEAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  501 

his  farming,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  a  small  but  finely  improved  farm, 
upon  which  he  has  erected  good  buildings,  etc.  Mr.  Burns  lost  his 
wife  in  Harrison  County,  by  whom  he  had  eight  children,  three  of 
whom  are  living:  Sarah  E.,  Amanda  J.  and  Elizabeth.  Three  years 
after  the  death  of  his  first  wife  Mr.  Burns  man'ied  Rebecca  J.  (Barnes) 
Howard,  who  had  one  child  by  her  first  marriage — John  B.  Howard. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Burns  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  as  was  also 
the  first  wife  of  'Mr.  Burns.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R. 

George  Burris  is  the  third  of  five  boys,  and  the  youngest  child  but 
two  of  a  family  of  five  sons  and  four  daughters  born  to  George  and 
Lydia  (Ewing)  Burris,  and  is  a  native  of  Jackson  County,  Ohio,  born 
in  1825.  The  father  was  born  in  Patrick  County,  Va. ,  in  1791,  and 
the  mother  in  Greenbrier  County,  Va.  They  were  of  German  and 
Irish  descent,  respectively.  When  childi-en,  they  both  came  to  Ohio 
while  it  was  yet  a  territory,  and  were  married  in  Gallia  County,  but 
located  afterward  in  Jackson  County.  The  father  was  a  soldier  in  the 
War  of  1812,  was  twice  a  representative  of  his  county,  and  served  as 
associate  judge  fourteen  years,  besides  filling  several  minor  ofiices. 
Both  himself  and  wife  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  In  1857  they  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  they 
lived  until  the  ages  of  eighty-two  and  eighty-one,  respectively,  and 
where  they  are  now  buried.  During  the  Rebellion  Mr.  Burris  served 
as  major  in  a  company  of  mUitia  in  the  Union  army.  George  Burris, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  reared  upon  a  farm,  and  received  but  a 
limited  education.  In  1847  he  married  Weltha  Durkee,  a  native  of 
Vermont,  who  survived  her  marriage  but  a  few  months.  In  1851  he 
wedded  Elizabeth  Henry,  a  native  of  Carroll  County,  Ohio,  by  whom 
he  has  had  ten  children:  Franklin  P.,  Weltha  E.,  Sarah  C,  Lydia  E., 
Mary  A.,  Cora  B.,  Susie,  Warren  (deceased),  George  Elwell 
(deceased)  and  Lydia  J.  (deceased).  Since  coming  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo.,  Mr.  Burris  has  successfully  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock  raising,  and  the  greater  part  of  his  property  is  the  result  of  his 
own  labor,  good  management  and  business  ability.  His  farm  is  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  county,  and  contains  about  1,300  acres.  Mr. 
Burris  is  a  well-known  Democrat  in  this  section  of  the  country,  and 
for  about  twelve  years  served  as  justice  of  the  peace,  and  was  twice 
appointed  and  twice  elected  as  county  judge.  In  1883-84  he  was 
elected  representative  of  his  county,  by  the  Democratic  party,  against 
Gen.  Prentiss,  and  in  a  county  strongly  Republican.  Both  himself 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 


502  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

E.  B.  Bush,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Barren  County,  Ky. ,  in  the  year 
1809,  and  is  a  son  of  "William  T.  and  Sarah  (Mathews)  Bush,  both  natives 
of  Virginia,  who  accompanied  their  parents  to  Kentucky  when  quite 
small,  and  were  there  reared  and  married.  In  1834  they  removed  to 
Sangamon  County,  111. ,  where  the  father  followed  his  occupation  as 
merchant,  and  shortly  afterward  died,  the  death  of  his  widow  occurring 
some  time  later.  The  Doctor  received  a  common-school  education; 
at  the  age  of  sixteen  commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and  at  twenty- 
one  began  to  practice  his  profession.  About  1828  he  went  to  the  lead 
mines  of  Wisconsin,  remaining  in  the  Northwest  till  1849,  when  he 
went  to  California  and  Oregon,  returning  in  1852  to  Iowa,  and  just 
prior  to  the  war  went  to  Harrison  County,  locating  in  Union  Township, 
which  he  has  since  made  his  home.  On  his  arrival  in  Harrison 
County,  the  Doctor  erected  a  steam  flouring  and  saw  mill,  which  he 
managed  for  several  years,  intending  to  give  up  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine, but  was  compelled  by  the  appeals  of  his  friends  to  return  to  the 
same,  and  has  since  made  that  his  chief  business,  being  one  of  the 
most  successful  physicians  in  the  county.  He  was  married  in  1869 
to  Miss  Mary  Ray,  and  as  a  result  of  this  union  there  are  eight  chil- 
dren, five  of  whom  are  living:  E.  B.  Bush,  Christopher  S.,  Flora 
Belle,  Pleasant  B.  and  Willis  M.  The  Doctor  experienced  a  great 
loss  in  the  death  of  his  wife,  March  12,  1883.  Politically,  he  was 
formerly  a  Whig,  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  Hairison,  but  since  1860 
has  been  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  Mason  and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. , 
and  is  connected  with  the  Christian  Church,  as  was  also  his  wife.  The 
Doctor  has  always  been  a  very  industrious  man,  and  as  a  result  of  his 
good  management  has  a  fine  farm  of  300  acres.  Always  an  earnest 
worker  in  the  cause  of  education,  and  for  the  public  welfare,  he  is 
everywhere  recognized  as  one  of  the  foremost  citizens  of  the  county. 
A.  J.  Bush  was  born  in  Jasper  County,  111.,  July  9,  1848,  and  is 
a  son  of  W.  S.  J.  and  Eleanor  (Day)  Bush.  The  former  was  of 
French  descent  and  the  latter  a  native  of  North  Carolina.  They  were 
married  in  Jasper  County,  111. ,  whither  they  had  accompanied  their 
parents  when  young,  and  there  lived  until  1853.  Both  were  members 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  The  father  was  a  cabinet-maker 
by  trade,  but  made  farming  his  principal  occupation.  Being  fond  of 
hunting  he  immigrated  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in  June,  1853,  and 
two  years  later  came  to  Harrison  County,  where  he  improved  a 
farm,  upon  which  he  lived  until  1863.  He  then  sold  it  and  moved 
upon  the  land  where  A.  J.  now  lives,  upon  which  he  died  February 
14,  1869.      In   politics  he  was  once  a  Whig  but  afterward  a  Kepub- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  APPENDIX.  503 

lican.  A.  J.  is  one  of  eight  childrea,  four  of  whom  are  now  living. 
After  his  father's  death  himself  and  brother,  Frank  P.,  managed  the 
farm  for  their  mother.  He  began  life  for  himself  when  of  age  with 
no  worldly  goods  save  a  colt  which  his  mother  had  given  him.  Upon 
the  division  of  his  father's  property  he  became  the  owner  of  the  old 
homestead  upon  which  he  has  since  lived.  He  now  owns  238  acres 
of  well  stocked  and  improved  land,  and  is  a  successful  farmer. 
December  14,  1871,  he  married  Letitia  Jacobs,  by  whom  he  had  one 
child  (William  W. ),  and  who  died  February  26,  1875.  February  7, 
1878,  he  married  Miss  Mary  L.  Leazen,  which  marriage  has  been 
blessed  with  two  children,  Josie  Lee  and  Claudie  Belle.  Mr.  and  ISIrs. 
Bush  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  the  former 
is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

J.  C.  Cain  was  born  November  2,  1865,  and  is  a  son  of  Peter  and 
Missouri  A.  Mullins,  natives  of  Kentucky.  The  father  came  to  Mis- 
souri when  there  were  but  two  or  three  houses  in  Princeton,  and  once 
owned  the  land  where  Princeton  is  now  built.  He  donated  the  prop- 
erty for  the  depot  there,  and  assisted  in  organizing  Mercer  County. 
He  served  twice  as  sheriff  and  once  as  judge  of  the  county,  and  was 
one  of  the  most  influential  citizens  of  the  locality.  To  himself  and  wife 
eleven  children  were  born,  seven  of  whom  are  living:  Mary,  Eebecca, 
Sarah,  Jonathan,  J.  C,  David  and  Rose.  Mr.  Peter  Cain  was  a 
Democrat  in  politics,  and  one  of  the  enterprising  and  public-spirited 
men  of  his  county.  His  death  occurred  in  1874,  and  his  wealth  at  this 
time  was  estimated  at  between  $150,000  and  $200,000.  J.  C.  was 
reared  upon  his  father's  farm,  and  after  attending  the  district  schools 
in  the  neighborhood  attended  Wheaton  College,  near  Chicago,  111., 
and  upon  graduating  from  the  preparatory  department  of  same  studied 
the  higher  branches  another  year.  He  has  now  been  engaged  in  the 
gi'ocery  business  under  the  firm  name  of  C.  B.  Woodward  &  Co. ,  for 
over  a  year,  and  is  also  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm  in  Harrison  County, 
containing  over  800  acres  of  well-stocked  and  improved  land. 

W.  W.  Campbell,  of  the  firm  of  Opdyke  &  Campbell,  millers  at 
Kidgeway,  Mo. ,  was  born  November  25,  1834,  in  Washington  County, 
Penn. ,  and  moved  to  Jackson  County,  Ohio,  with  his  parents  when 
about  seven  years  old.  He  made  that  county  his  home  until  1872, 
and  then  removed  to  the  locality  where  he  has  since  resided.  He 
was  reared  upon  a  farm,  and  when  sixteen  began  life  for  himself,  so 
that  his  property  is  the  result  of  his  own  industry,  good  management 
and  business  ability.  His  principal  occupation  has  been  that  of  farm- 
ing, and  he  is  the  owner  of  160  acres  of  well-improved  laud,  besides 


504  HABEISON   COUNTY. 

owning  a  half  interest  in  a  mill  at  Eidgeway.  December  25,  1862,  he 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Clarinda  Harrel,  daughter  of  Daniel 
and  Melinda  (Dawson)  Harrel,  natives  of  Ohio.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Campbell  the  following  children  have  been  bom:  Poston,  Lee, 
Francis,  Harry,  Lailcelot,  Florence,  Myrtle  and  Lola  Mabel.  Both 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Campbell  are  church  members.  Mr.  Campbell  is  a 
Democrat  in  politics.  He  is  the  youngest  of  five  children  of 
Samuel  and  Eachel  (Cole)  Campbell,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland.  For  several  years  the  father  served  as  justice  of  the  peace, 
■  and  he  was  a  son  of  Lancelot  and  Margaret  Campbell.  Mrs.  Eachel 
Campbell  was  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Nancy  (Hunter)  Cole, 
natives  possibly  of  Maryland. 

Judge  William  Canaday  was  born  in  Highland  County,  Ohio,  April 
15,  1823,  and  is  the  eldest  of  three  children  born  to  John  and  Sarah 
(Purteat)  Canaday,  natives  of  Alabama  and  Kentucky,  and  born  respect- 
ively in  1802  and  1801.  After  their  marriage  in  Highland  (Jounty, 
Ohio,  they  lived  upon  a  farm  there  until  1828,  and  then  immigrated 
to  what  is  now  McLean  County,  111.,  where  the  father  died  June  3, 
1835.  He  was  a  farmer,  and  at  one  time  kept  a  store  in  Illinois.  He 
was  a  Wl(ig  in  politics,  and  in  religion  was  reared  a  Quaker.  After 
his  death  the  mother  married  Benjamin  Slatten,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1855  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  she  died  February  19, 
1887.  She  was  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church.  Her  second  hus- 
band died  in  April,  1867.  William  Canaday  received  a  common-school 
education  during  his  youth,  and  has  devotod  his  entire  life  to  agricult- 
ural pursuits.  March  24,  1842,  he  wedded  Miss  Elizabeth  Leeper, 
a  native  of  Hendricks  County,  Ky.  He  farmed  in  McLean  County, 
111.,  until  the  spring  of  1855,  and  then  immigrated  to  Colfax  Town- 
ship, Harrison  Co.,  Mo.,  where  he  now  owns  160  acres  of  land 
after  giving  to  his  three  sons — John,  Christopher  and  Joseph  W. 
Canaday — 240  acres  apiece.  In  September,  1864,  he  was  commissioned 
as  first  lieutenant  in  Company  E.,  Forty-third  Missouri  Volunteer 
Infantry,  and  served  until  the  cessation  of  hostilities.  He  was 
elected  county  judge  in  1864,  and  served  in  that  office  until  his  enlist- 
ment in  the  United  States  service.  Upon  his  return  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  position  of  judge  by  the  Governor,  and  served  a  short 
time.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  himself  and  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church. 

Alfred  N.  Cave  was  born  in  Fairfield  County,  Ohio,  in  1840,  and 
is  a  son  of  Eev.  Alfred  N. ,  Sr. ,  and  Eebecca  (Anderson)  Cave.  The 
father  is  of   Irish,  German,  English   and   Fjrench  descent.     He  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  505 

born  in  Kentucky  in  1814,  and  until  twenty  years  of  age  engaged  in 
farming,  but  since  that  time  has  been  a  preacher  in  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  "When  young  he  went  to  Ohio,  and  in  1833  went 
to  Fairfield  County,  where  he  married  the  mother  of  our  subject,  who 
was  a  native  of  that  county,  and  born  in  1814.  About  1S45  Mr. 
Cave  moved  to  Clinton  County,  Ind. ,  where  he  lost  his  wife  in  1847, 
who  had  borne  him  five  children.  In  1850  he  married  Elizabeth  M. 
Loveless,  who  was  born  in  Boss  County,  Ohio,  in  1828.  In  1858  Mr. 
Cave  went  to  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  and  the  following  year  bought 
eighty  acres  on  Sugar  Creek,  in  Harrison  County.  In  1869  he  came 
to  Bethany,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and  where  he  lost  his  wife 
April  28,  1887.  Mr.  Cave  is  a  highly  esteemed  Christian  gentleman, 
and  for  many  years  was  a  circuit  rider  in  Grundy,  Daviess  and  Har- 
rison Counties,  Mo.  For  nearly  two  years  he  was  chaplain  in  the- 
Twenty-third  Missoiu'i  Begiment,  United  States  army.  Of  late  years 
he  has  done  local  work,  but  as  he  is  now  advanced  in  years  and  in 
feeble  health,  does  but  little  preaching.  Alfred  N.  is  the  fourth 
child  born  to  his  father's  first  marriage,  and  has  one  surviving  brother, 
James  E.,  a  resident  of  Tippecanoe  County,  Ind.  At  the  age  of  five 
years  A.  N.  went  to  Indiana,  where  he  received  a  district  school  edu- 
cation. He  came  to  Missouri  with  his  father,  and  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war,  being  a  Union  man,  enlisted  August  3,  1861,  in 
Company  F,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry,  known  as  ' '  Merrill' s  Horse. ' ' 
He  was  in  the  battles  of  Silver  Creek,  Memphis,  Moore's  Mill,  Kirks- 
ville,  Little  Rock,  Brownsville,  Kingston  and  several  skirmishes.  He 
was  captured  at  Sedalia,  but  was  paroled  the  same  day.  After  his 
discharge  at  Chattanooga  July  21,  1865,  he  returned  to  Harrison 
County,  and  January  1,  1866,  married  Miss  Martha  Meek,  daughter 
of  G.  W.  Meek,  a  minister  of  the  United  Brethren  Church.  Mrs. 
Cave  was  born  in  Wabash  County,  Ind. ,  in  1846,  and  came  to  Mis- 
souri when  nine  years  old.  She  is  the  mother  of  five  children:  Ollie 
M. ,  R.  Anna,  Mary  E. ,  Lillie  E.  and  Ettie  M.  With  the  exception 
of  the  years  1877  and  1879,  which  were  spent  in  Republic  County,  Kas., 
Mr.  Cave  has  resided  in  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  since  his  mamage. 
In  1882  he  located  where  he  now  resides,  and  where  he  owns  thirty 
acres  of  land.  He  is  a  Republican  in  polities,  and  himself  and  wife 
are  active  and  devoted  Christians. 

J.  Q.  Chambers  was  born  in  Jennings  County,  Ind.,  in  1831,  and 
is  a  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Chambers.  John  Chambers  was  a 
native  of  North  Carolina,  and  immigrated  to  Indiana  in  an  early  day. 
He  married  Elizabeth  Hankins,  afterward  settled  in  Jennings  County, 

32 


506  HAKEISON    COUNTY. 

and  remained  there  until  1832,  when  he  moved  to  Decatm-  County, 
where  he  reared  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  all  living  but  one.  In- 
1845  he  immigrated  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  and  entered  320  acres 
of  land.  He  and  wife  were  members  of  the  Baptist  Church.  He 
died  from  the  efPects  of  a  wound  received  by  a  fall  in  1851.  His  wife 
lived  until  1862,  when  she  died,  and  was  buried  by  the  side  of  him  in 
the  same  graveyard,  near  Cainesville;  his  family  are  all  dead  now 
but  four — two  girls  and  two  boys.  J.  Q.  Chambers  lived  with  his 
father  until  of  age,  when  he  married  a  Miss  M.  E.  E.  J.  Bishop,  a 
daughter  of  Absalom  Bishop.  He  subsequently  entered  land,  and  farmed 
for  a  few  years,  then  sold  his  farm,  and  went  to  blacksmithing,  which 
trade  he  has  followed  most  of  the  time  since.  Himself  and  wife  have  had 
ten  childi-en,  five  of  whom  are  now  living,  viz. :  Joab,  Mary  C.  Tali- 
tha  J.,  David  M.  and  Ida  B.  Mr.  C.  owns  his  shop  and  residence  in 
Cainesville.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  himself, 
wife  and  family,  except  one  son,  are  all  church  members.  During  the 
war  Mr.  Chambers  enlisted  in  the  United  States  army.  Company  F, 
Thirty-fifth  Missouri  Infantry,  under  Col.  Kimball,  but  was  not  in  any 
regular  engagement,  and  was  soon  discharged  on  account  of  disability, 
from  which  disability  he  still  suffers. 

George  W.  Chancy,  a  farmer  of  Sugar  Creek  Township,  was  born 
in  Russell  County,  Va.,  in  1831,  and  was  the  eighth  of  ten  children 
of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Blair)  Chancy,  who  were  also  natives  of  that 
State,  living  there  until  their  marriage.  About  1840  they  moved 
to  Grundy  County,  thence  in  1853  to  California,  where  he  died  in 
1854.  Mr.  Chancy  was  twice  married,  and  his  life-long  occupation 
was  farming  in  connection  with  blacksmithing.  The  mother  died  in 
Minnesota  about  1877.  George  W.  was  reared  at  home,  without  the 
ad?Entages  of  an  education,  and  was  mamed  in  1852  to  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  John  and  Isabel  Hudson,  formerly  of  Tennessee, 
where  then-  daughter  was  born.  This  union  has  resulted  in  eight  chil- 
dren, seven  of  whom  are  living:  John  Hemy,  Mary  (wife  of  James 
Jolly,  of  Kansas) ;  Andrew  Green,  Emerson,  Milton  V. ,  Thomas  E.  and 
Albert  E.  Mr.  Chancy  remained  in  Grundy  Coimty  but  a  short  time, 
then  settled  in  Sugar  Creek  Township,  twenty  miles  southeast  of 
Bethany,  where  he  has  since  resided  (with  the  exception  of  two  years 
spent  in  California,  where  he  engaged  in  mining  and  teaming)  follow- 
ing the  occupation  of  farming,  and  as  a  result  of  his  efforts  he  has  a 
fine  farm  of  240  acres.  During  the  war  he  served  under  Capt.  Hut- 
ton  in  the  Missouri  State  Militia.  Politically  he  was  formerly  a  Whig, 
casting  his  first   vote  for  Pierce.     Both  he  and  his  wife  are  members 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  507 

of  the  Baptist  Church,  and   take  a  great  interest  in  all  educational 
and  other  laudable  enterprises. 

Henry  B.  Christie,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  was  born  in  Shelby 
County,  Ky.,  June  2,  1839,  and  is  a  son  of  Israel  and  Elizabeth 
(Cook)  Christie,  natives  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  and  born  in  1796 
and  1799,  respectively.  In  the  fall  of  1849  the  family  moved  from 
Kentucky  to  Missouri,  and  for  six  years  made  their  home  in  Buchanan 
County.  •  In  the  spring  of  1856  they  moved  to  Daviess  County,  where 
the  father  improved  a  farm  of  400  acres,  upon  which  he  resided  until 
his  death  in  January,  1873.  That  of  Mrs.  Christie  occurred  in  1877. 
Mr.  Christie  served  in  the  War  of  1812,  as  did  also  a  brother  of  his, 
and  for  services  they  received  land  warrants.  Henry  B.  is  next  to 
the  youngest  of  a  family  of  fifteen  children  who  grew  to  maturity; 
all  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church  except  one,  and  two  of  the  sons 
are  ministers.  Henry  B.  passed  his  youth  in  Buchanan  and  Daviess 
Counties,  and  to  a  great  extent  is  self-educated.  He  possessed  nat- 
ural musical  ability,  and  becoming  proficient  in  that  art,  taught  vocal 
music  some  time  in  Daviess  County.  February  10,  1859,  he  was  mar- 
ried in  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  to  Martha E.,  daiighter  of  Abram  Bui'- 
ton,  and  a  native  of  Gentry  County,  Mo. ,  born  August  21,  1842.  To 
this  union  the  following  children  have  been  born:  Charles  C,  James 
A.,  John  F.,  Laura  J.,  Lizzie,  Lucy  M. ,  Mattie,  Lettie,  Abram  B. , 
Israel,  and  Willie  (who  died  at  the  age  of  seven  months).  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Christie  and  all  their  children,  with  the  exception  of  the  three 
youngest,  are  members  of  the  Missionary  Baptist  Church.  After  this 
marriage  Mr.  Christie  farmed  in  Daviess  and  Gentry  Counties  until 
1876,  when  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  and  bought  and  located  where 
he  now  resides.  He  owns  175  acres  of  fenced  land,  75  acres  of  which 
are  timbered,  and  the  remainder  devoted  to  meadow,  pasture  and  plow 
land.  His  buildings  are  good,  and  he  has  a  fine  bearing  orchard  of 
about  200  trees  of  select  varieties.  He  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  and 
in  1883  was  elected  township  trustee  in  which  office  he  is  serving  his 
third  term.  In  1886  he  was  nominated  for  county  judge  of  his  dis- 
trict, and  polled  a  vote  ahead  of  his  ticket. 

Samuel  A.  Claytor  was  born  in  Bedford  Covinty,  Va. ,  November 
14,  1827,  and  is  a  son  of  William  P.  and  Martha  (Robinson)  Claytor, 
also  natives  of  Virginia.  Both  grandfathers,  Samuel  Claytor  and 
James  Robinson,  were  soldiers  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  The 
grandparents  of  William  P.  Claytor  died  in  Virginia.  The  family  of 
our  subject' s  father  moved  from  Bedford  to  Tazewell  County  in  1835, 
and  William  P.  afterward  moved  to  Smyth  County,  Va. ,  where  he  died 


< 


508  HAEKISON    COrSTY. 

in  1887,  aged  eighty-five.  Samuel  A.  grew  to  manhood  upon  the 
farm  in  Tazewell  County,  and  was  married  there  July  3,  1851.  to 
Margaret  J.  Six,  a  native  of  the  county,  and  daughter  of  "V^'illiam  Six. 
Mr.  Claytor  then  farmed  in  Tazewell  County  until  1859,  and  in  the 
summer  of  that  year  came  to  Harrison  County,  where  he  at  first 
bought  ninety-foui-  acres  of  land,  to  which  he  has  since  added  fi-om 
time  to  time  until  he  now  owns  1,060  acres,  about  275  being  in  the 
home  place,  which  is  all  fenced,  and  about  100  acres  well  timbered. 
The  remainder  is  in  meadow,  pasture  and  plow  land.  He  has  good 
buildings,  and  his  farm  is  in  every  way  well  equipped  for  the  pursuit 
of  agriculture.  Mr.  Claytor  has  been  a  member  of  Miriam  Lodge.  No. 
129,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  since  early  in  1865,  and  in  politics  is  a  member  of 
the  Democratic  party.  To  himself  and  wife  six  children  have  been 
born:  Nancy  Ann,  wife  of  Mark  Smith;  William  N. ;  James  W. ;  Mary 
J.,  wife  of  William  McCoy;  John  Edward  and  Robert  S.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Claytor  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South. 

S.  E.  Cleveland  was  born  in  Rutland  County,  Vt.,  in  1822.  His 
parents  were  Eastern  people,  and  of  English  descent.  S.  R.  Cleveland 
was  a  carpenter  by  trade,  and  worked  at  that  business  the  gi'eater 
part  of  his  life  until  late  years.  Up  to  1864  he  resided  in  Illinois, 
Ohio  and  California,  and  in  that  year  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. 
He  was  twice  married:  his  first  wife,  Lucinda  (Tubbsj  Cleveland  was 
the  mother  of  four  children  only  one  of  whom  is  living,  ^viz. :  Annie 
Morgan.  After  a. long  illness  Mrs.  Cleveland  died  in  October,  1879, 
and  Mr.  Cleveland  then  married  January  22,  1885,  Mrs.  Rebecca 
Pierce,  widow  of  Joseph  Pierce,  who  was  born  March  11,  1811.  He 
was  a  blacksmith  by  trade.  He  died  in  HaiTisonville  November  20, 
1878.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  Pierce  had  five  children :  Theodosia,  Joseph, 
EfiBe,  and  Damsel  T.  and  Bert  (twins).  Mrs.  Cleveland's  maiden  name 
was  Rebecca  J.  Chambers.  She  was  first  united  in  marriage  to  Isaac 
N.  Bishop,  a  farmer,  who  died  during  the  war  at  Macon,  Ga.,  from 
the  effects  of  hardships  endured  after  being  taken  prisoner  at  Shiloh. 
To  himself  and  wife  two  children  were  born,  both  now  deceased.  Mrs. 
Cleveland  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  to  which  Mr.  Cleve- 
land was  united,  and  is  a  member  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  She  is  the 
owner  of  a  farm  of  sixty  acres,  and  lives  in  a  handsome  residence 
beautifully  situated  outside  of  the  Cainesville  limits. 

George  W.  Clinkenbeard  is  a  son  of  Jonathan  and  Sarah  (Smart) 
Clinkenbeard,  and  was  born  October  24,  1817,  in  Bourbon  County, 
Ky.  The  father  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and  when  a  lad  went  to 
Franklin    County,   Kv. ,  where  he  was  married.     In  1836  he  moved 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  509 

to  Arkansas,  where  he  died  of  a  fever  caused  by  overwork.  He  was 
a  farmer  and  stock  dealer  by  occupation,  a  soldier  in  the  Black  Hawk 
War  and  the  War  of  1812,  and  in  politics  was  a  Whig.  After  his 
death  the  mother  returned  to  Kentucky  in  1837,  and  in  1839  settled 
in  Platte  County,  Mo. ,  with  her  children,  coming  to  Harrison  County 
in  1855.  She  lived  with  the  subject  of  this  sketch  until  her  death. 
She  was  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  the  mother  of  four 
sons  and  four  daughters,  of  whom  George  W.  is  the  eldest.  He  was 
reared  upon  the  farm,  receiving  a  good  education  for  those  days,  and 
after  the  death  of  his  father  managed  his  business  and  cared  for 
the  younger  members  of  the  family.  In  1888  he  wedded  Elizabeth  For- 
man,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  with  whom  he  moved  to  Platte  County,  Mo. , 
in  1 840,  where  she  died  five  years  later.  In  1846  he  married  Susan  C. 
Rhea,  who  was  born  in  White  County,  Tenn. ,  in  1828,  and  is  the 
mother  of  seven  childi-en:  Sebird  M. ,  Oscar  J.,  Otway  L.,  Oliver  B. , 
Spartan  E.,  Osborn  H.  and  Linny  P.  B.  Both  Mi-,  and  Mrs. 
Clinkenbeard  are  members  of  the  Christian  Church.  In  1847  they 
went  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  in  1855  came  to  Harrison  County, 
and  lived  in  Fox  Creek  Township  until  1885.  Since  that  time  they 
have  made  their  home  in  Bethany  Township.  Mr.  Clinkenbeard  is 
a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Henry 
Clay.  He  served  as  a  magistrate  at  a  time  when  that  ofiicial  consti- 
tuted the  county  court  of  Mercer  County,  filling  the  position  in  1851 
and  1852.  In  1877  he  was  collector  of  Fox  Creek  Township.  Mr. 
Clinkenbeard  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  He  began  life 
a  poor  boy,  but  became  a  successful  farmer,  and  the  owner  of  440  acres, 
120  of  which  he  still  owns.  He  traces  his  ancestors  back  to  Germany 
and  England  upon  the  paternal  and  to  Scotland  and  England  upon 
the  maternal  side. 

Eli  Cochran  was  born  in  Perry  County,  Ohio,  October  8,  1823,  and 
is  a  son  of  James  and  Catherine  (Reddinger)  Cochran,  natives  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  Maryland,  and  of  Irish  and  German  descent,  respectively- 
He  was  a  farmer,  and  followed  that  occupation  in  Perry,  Hocking  and 
Jackson  Counties,  Ohio.  He  lost  his  wife  at  the  last-named  place. 
She  was  the  mother  of  eight  children,  five  of  whom  are  living;  one  son 
died  in  the  army,  a  daughter  in  Illinois,  and  a  son  in  Missouri.  The 
father  then  married  Mrs.  Mary  Reynolds,  who  was  the  mother  of 
several  children  by  each  of  her  husbands.  Mr.  Cochran  died  in  Jack- 
son County,  Ohio,  and  was  biuied  by  the  side  of  his  first  wife.  She 
was  a  New  Light  and  he  a  Lutheran  in  religion.  Eli  Cochran  was 
reared  by  his  parents  in  Ohio,  and  attended  school  but  nine  months  dur- 


510  HARBISON   COUNTY. 

ing  his  youth.  At  twenty-two  he  began  life  for  himself  by  farming  upon 
rented  land  for  three  years,  and  then  spent  a  year  prospecting  in  Illi- 
nois, Iowa  and  Missouri.  He  helped  build  the  third  house  erected  in 
Poplar  BlufP,  Mo. ,  and  then  worked  eighteen  months  at  iron  works  in 
Lawrence  County,  Ohio.  November  4,  1852,  he  married  Miss  Letitia  J. 
Stropes,  a  native  of  Jackson  County,  Ohio,  and  afterward  bought  a 
farm  in  that  county  upon  which  he  remained  until  1867.  He  then 
located  in  Harrison  County,  where  he  now  lives.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Cochran  ten  children  have  been  born,  four  of  whom  are  living.  One 
son,  Ezekiel,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  when  swimming,  was  attacked  with 
cramps  and  drowned.  The  others  died  in  infancy.  Those  living  are 
Leander  D.,  married,  in  Harrison  County;  Mary  E.,  wife  of  D.  R. 
Glaze,  of  Cainesville;  Harvey  E.  and  Alva  W.  Mr.  Cochran  is  the 
owner  of  170  acres  of  good  land,  and  is  one  of  the  useful  and  success- 
ful men  of  the  township.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  as  have  been 
his  ancestors  for  generations. 

B.  C.  Collins,  nursery  man  and  fruit  grower,  of  Bethany,  Mo. ,  is 
a  native  of  Clermont  County,  Ohio,  born  in  1824,  and  a  son  of  Peter 
and  Rebecca  (Stewart)  Collins.  The  father  was  of  English  descent, 
and  was  born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1795.  When  fifteen  he  accom- 
panied his  father,  Benjamin  Collins,  to  Clermont  County,  Ohio,  where 
he  was  married.  In  1826  he  moved  to  Hamilton  County,  and  bought 
eighty  acres  of  land,  which  are  now  in  the  city  of  Cincinnati.  Here 
he  died  in  1864,  having  passed  his  entire  life  engaged  in  farming. 
The  mother  was  of  Irish-German  descent,  born  in  Clermont  County, 
Ohio,  in  1799,  and  died  in  1880.  She  was  the  mother  of  twelve  chil- 
dren, of  whom  Benjamin  is  the  third.  He  was  but  eighteen  months 
old  when  his  parents  moved  to  Hamilton  County,  and  it  was  there  that 
he  spent  his  boyhood  days  and  grew  to  manhood.  He  attended  com- 
mon schools,  and  spent  five  months  at  Farmer's  College.  After  be- 
coming of  age  he  followed  the  carpenter's  trade  two  years,  and  in 
1855  went  to  Anderson,  Ind. ,  and  established  a  nursery  which  was  the 
first  one  in  the  county  seat.  He  engaged  successfully  in  business  in 
that  place  for  ten  years,  and  in  1865  returned  to  his  old  home  in  Ohio, 
where  he  resumed  the  nursery  business  in  connection  with  farming. 
In  1868  he  removed  to  Springfield,  Ohio,  and  raised  fruits,  vegetables, 
etc.,  with  fair  success.  In  1874  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  and 
located  four  and  a  half  miles  southeast  of  Bethany,  within  a  half  mile 
of  which  place  he  has  made  his  home  since  1876.  Since  that  time  he 
has  been  in  the  nm'sery  business.  January  31,  1865,  Mr.  Collins 
married  Mrs.  Henrietta  Bozarth,  nee  Miller,  daughter  of  Daniel  and 


BIOGEAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  511 

Elizabeth  Miller.  Mrs.  Collins  was  born  in  Clark  County,  Ohio,  in 
1858,  and  she  and  her  husband  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church.      In  politics  Mr.  Collins  is  a  Prohibitionist. 

John  K.  Copeland  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Gallia  County, 
May  31,  1826,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Rhoda  (Kelly)  Copeland, 
natives  of  Ireland  and  Virginia  respectively.  At  the  age  of  nineteen 
the  father  left  his  native  land,  and  coming  to  the  United  States  made 
his  home  in  Gallia  County,  Ohio,  until  his  death  at  the  age  of 
ninety.  His  wife  also  lived  to  that  advanced  age.  Mr.  Copeland  was 
a  weaver  by  trade.  Both  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Copeland  had  been  previously 
married,  and  to  their  union  two  sons  and  two  daughters  were  born, 
all  of  whom  grew  to  maturity.  The  daughters  are  now  deceased,  and 
the  sons  are  residents  of  Phillips  County,  Kas.  J.  K.  Copeland  grew 
to  manhood  in  his  native  county,  and  in  March,  1845,  married  Miss 
Catherine  Branderberry,  also  a  native  of  the  county.  In  1850  they 
moved  to  Vermillion  County,  III.,  where  Mrs.  Copeland  died  Septem- 
ber 18,  1853.  In  1855  Mr.  Copeland  came  to  Missouri,  and  bought 
the  land  upon  which  he  now  resides  and  upon  which  he  moved  in  the 
fall  of  1865.  This  farm  contains  400  acres  of  finely  improved  and 
cultivated  land,  upon  which  Mr.  Copeland  has  erected  a  large  two- 
story  residence  and  good  outbuildings.  In  March,  1857,  while  in 
Vermillion  County,  Mr.  Copeland  was  united  in  marriage  with  Sarah 
Jane  Barker,  sister  of  T.  J.  Barker  [see  sketch],  and  to  this  union  ten 
children  have  been  born:  Laura  (wife  of  Dr.  H.  M.  Eades,  of  New 
Hampton),  Emma  (wife  of  A.  G.  Rogers,  of  Kansas),  Fannie  (a  music 
teacher),  David,  Maggie,  Oscar,  Bun-,  Cube,  Bey,  and  Maude,  who 
died  March,  1887,  aged  sixteen.  By  his  first  marriage  there  were  two 
children:  Nancy  (deceased  wife  of  John  Robertson),  and  Mary  Jane 
(wife  of  M.  Lewis).  Mi-.  Copeland  is  a  member  of  the  higher  order 
of  Odd  Fellowship,  and  himself  and  wife  have  been  identified  with 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  over  thirty  years. 

James  H.  Cover,  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Bethany  Broad  Ax, 
was  born  in  Clermont  County,  Ohio,  December,  10,  1837,  and  is  a 
son  of  Daniel  and  Hannah  (Smith)  Cover,  natives  of  Maryland  and 
Ohio  respectively.  The  father  immigrated  to  Pike  County,  II].,  in 
1853,  with  his  family,  and  there  resided  iintil  the  death  of  the  mother, 
May  6,  1887.  James  H.  made  his  home  with  his  parents  upon  the 
farm,  and,  having  secured  a  good  English  education,  taught  school 
for  a  number  of  terms  in  his  youth.  In  1880  he  came  to  Missouri,  and 
after  farming  two  and  a  half  years  in  Chariton  County  removed  to 
Albany,  Mo.,  where  he  embarked  upon  the  journalistic  sea  and  sue- 


■512  HARBISON    COUNTY. 

cessfully  conducted  The  Ledger,  a  newspaper  of  that  place,  until  Janu- 
ary, 1884.  He  then  came  to  Bethany  and  bought  the  Broad  Ax, 
which  is  the  only  Democratic  paper  in  the  county,  and  has  a  large 
circulation.  November  22,  1860,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Margaret  F.  Pine,  who  was  born  in  Pike  County,  111.  This  union 
has  been  blessed  with  four  children:  Alvin,  Annette,  James  Wilbert 
and  Charles  L. ;  the  eldest  died  when  one  year  old.  Mr.  Cover  is  a 
Select  Knight  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. ,  and  himself  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  well  respected  citizens  of 
the  community  in  which  they  reside. 

J.  T.  Crawley  was  born  in  Barren  County,  Ky. ,  May  22,  1843,  and 
is  a  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Stallsworth)  Crawley,  natives  of  Ten- 
nessee and  Kentucky,  and  of  English  descent.  The  father  was  a  farmer, 
and  married  in  Kentucky,  where  he  lived  until  1855.  In  1848  he 
lost  his  wife,  by  whom  he  had  three  children,  viz. :  Mary  J.,  wife  of 
Jesse  Stallsworth,  of  Sherman  County,  Kas. ;  Sarah  F.,  wife  of  Will- 
iam Stallsworth,  of  Siskiyou  County,  Cal.,  and  J.  T.  Crawley.  Mr. 
Crawley  afterward  married  Mrs.  Baker,  who  had  been  maiTied  twice, 
and  by  her  fii'st  husband  had  six  childi'en.  By  Mr.  Crawley  she  had 
two,  only  one  of  whom  siu'vives — Samuel  Crawley.  Mr.  Crawley  im- 
migrated to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  1855,  and  located  near  his 
Bon's  present  residence.  He  was  a  Democrat,  and  a  Union  man,  and 
■during  the  Kebellion  served  about  a  year  in  the  Missouri  State  Militia. 
J.  T.  Crawley  passed  his  boyhood  in  Kentucky,  and  at  the  age  of 
•eleven  years  accompanied  his  father  to  Han-ison  County,  Mo.,  where 
he  now  owns  200  acres  of  good  land,  and  is  a  well  respected  citizen. 
At  the  age  of  twenty  he  married  Miss  Mary  Stallsworth,  who  was  a 
member  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  with  whom  he  lived  happily 
aboiTt  twenty  years.  She  was  the  mother  of  seven  children,  five  of 
whom  are  living:  Lou  Ann,  wife  of  James  Drurg;  Oliver  B.,  Delia 
M.,  John  B.  and  Mary,  all  of  whom  live  at  home.  Mr.  Crawley 
remained  a  widower  about  two  years,  and  then  wedded  Miss  Nancy 
Bain,  of  Siskiyou  County,  Cal. ,  who  has  been  his  wife  since  Decem- 
ber 31,  1886.  Mr.  Crawley  is  a  Kepubliean  in  j)olitics,  and  his 
grandfather  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 

David  Crickett  is  a  native  of  Muskingum  County,  Ohio,  and  was 
born  December  24,  1839.  His  parents,  Thomas  and  Harriet  (Carter) 
Crickett,  were  natives  of  Washington  County,  Penn. ,  and  Muskingum 
County,  Ohio,  respectively.  The  father  spent  his  life  engaged  in 
farming,  and  when  a  young  man  immigrated  to  Ohio,  where  he  was 
married  and  passed  his  life.     He  was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  513 

Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  in  politics  was  a  Democrat.  He 
was  twice  married;  his  iirst  wife  bore  him  three  children,  all  of  whom 

are    living:    James    M.,    Emily  C.   Thompson    (widow)  and . 

His  second  wife  was  Margaret  (Mickmahan)  Crickett,  who  bore  him 
seven  children,  all  deceased  save  one — Jemima,  wife  of  A.  W.  Penny, 
of  Kansas  City.  David  Crickett,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was 
reared  under  the  paternal  roof,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  began  to 
care  for  himself,  and  also  reared  and  educated  the  younger  children 
of  the  family.  At  the  age  of  thirty-two  he  wedded  Miss  Sarah  E. 
Smith,  a  native  of  Iowa,  by  whom  three  children  were  born:  Alma 
E.,  Charles  C.  and  Benjamin  D.  Mrs.  Crickett  died  in  1878,  and 
two  years  later  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary  Bunney, 
a  native  of  Illinois,  by  whom  he  also  has  three  children:  Norma, 
Maggie  and  Dale.  Mr.  Crickett  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  during 
the  Eebellion  served  fifteen  months  in  Company  D,  Eighty-second 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  under  Capt.  J.  S.  Riggs,  Col.  Cantwell's 
command,  during  which  time  he  was  in  the  battles  at  McDowell,  Port 
Kepublic  and  Monazus.  At  the  latter  battle  he  was  wounded  in  the 
knee,  but  continued  to  serve  iintil  February,  1863.  He  now  receives 
a  pension  of  $10  per  month.  In  1870  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  has 
since  resided  in  this  State.  He  now  owns  160  acres  of  good  land  in 
Clay  Township,  Harrison  County,  and  is  a  successful  farmer.  Him- 
self and  wife  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  which 
faith  his  first  wife  died. 

Calvin  Crows  was  born  in  North  Carolina  in  June,  1830,  and  is  a 
son  of  Martin  and  Susan  (Wagoner)  Crows,  natives  of  North  Carolina, 
and  of  German  descent.  The  parents  emigrated  from  North  Carolina 
to  Clay  County,  Ind. ,  from  which  place  the  father  hauled  goods  to 
Louisville  for  a  livelihood,  although  he  had  previously  worked  at  Louis- 
ville, carrying  stone  for  the  first  road  paved  leading  from  the  Ohio 
River  to  Bear  Grass  Creek.  He  continued  to  live  in  Clay  County 
until  his  children  were  reared  and  married,  and  then,  as  the  greater 
number  of  them  had  gone  to  Illinois,  he  immigrated  with  his  wife  to 
Jasper  County  of  that  State,  where  they  both  died  in  a  few  years. 
Mr.  Crows  was  a  Whig  dui-ing  the  days  of  that  party,  and  afterward 
became  a  Republican.  He  was  a  strong  Union  man,  and  sent  nine  sons 
to  fight  for  the  suppression  of  the  Eebellion;  the  tenth  son,  Andi-ew, 
was  chosen  to  remain  at  home  and  care  for  the  families  of  those  who 
went  to  the  fi-ont.  They  served  dui'ing  nearly  the  entire  war  as  fol- 
lows: Winston  in  Company  I,  Twenty-ninth  Iowa;  William,  Benja- 
min,  Harrison  and   Frederick  in  Company  A,   Forty-third  Indiana; 


514  HABRISON   COUNTY. 

Calvin  and  Eli,  in  Company  F,  Forty-sixth  Illinois;  Henry,  Seventy- 
first  Indiana,  and  Stephen,  in  Company  H,  First  Iowa  Cavalry; 
William  died  at  Helena;  Winston  and  William  were  also  soldiers  in 
the  Mexican  War;  Harrison  was  a  Confederate  prisoner  nine  months, 
and  Henry  died  at  Libby  prison;  Stephen  served  three  years,  and  left 
the  army  much  disabled;  Calvin  was  wounded  in  his  face  and  lost  the 
sight  of  one  eye.  He  was  reared  in  Indiana  and  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  began  life  there  as  an  independent  farmer,  first,  however,  renting 
land  for  two  years.  In  1853  he  went  to  Jasper  County,  HI.,  and 
fi'om  there  to  Richland,  HI. ,  where  he  married  Miss  Christine  Green- 
wood, a  native  of  Washington  County,  Ind. ,  and  daughter  of  Henry 
Greenwood.  He  served  in  the  war  from  January  1,  1862,  until  June 
of  that  year  under  Col.  John  A.  Davis,  and  engaged  in  but  two  battles 
— Fort  Donelson  and  ShUoh.  The  wound  received  at  the  last  named 
battle  is  still  open,  and  was  the  reason  of  his  discharge.  He  then 
returned  to  his  family,  and  in  1853  went  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.  Two 
years  later  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  where  after  many  adversities 
he  has  become  one  of  the  leading  and  well-to-do  farmer  citizens.  He 
lost  some  of  his  property  by  not  having  investigated  the  titles  to  land 
he  pui'chased,  but  now  owns  about  300  acres  well  stocked  and  im- 
proved. He  draws  a  pension  of  S24  per  month,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R.  He  has  eleven  children:  HemyW.,  Martin,  Fred,  Gen- 
eral, MaryM.,  Minnie  M.,  William  S.,  John  G.,  Charles,  Orvil  and 
Harvey.  He  serves  his  township  as  school  director  and  road  overseer. 
James  R.  Cunningham,  judge  of  the  Harrison  County  Probate 
Court,  was  bom  in  McMinn  County,  Tenn.,  March  11,  1834,  and  is 
a  son  of  Marshall  N.  and  Sarah  (Smith)  Cunningham,  natives  of 
Blount  County,  Tenn. ,  and  Albemarle  County,  Va.,  respectively.  The 
father  immigrated  to  Missouri  in  1852,  and  located  in  Gentry 
County,  where  both  parents  died.  They  had  six  children :  James 
R.,  Moses,  Charles  M.,  Robert  A.  (deceased),  Richard  S.  and 
George  W.  James  R.  was  reared  to  manhood  upon  a  farm,  and  after 
coming  to  Missouri  with  his  father  was  employed  as  a  clerk  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  at  Albany  thi-ee  years  He  afterward  served  as  deputy 
county  and  circuit  clerk,  and  in  1868  was  elected  county  court  clerk 
for  one  term  of  four  years.  He  served  as  provost-marshal  at  Albany 
during  the  wai-,  and  in  1864  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  there, 
in  which  he  continued  until  1872.  From  1869  to  1871  he  filled  the 
office  of  postmaster  with  satisfaction.  He  then  removed  to  his  farm 
in  Gentry  County,  and  fi-om  there  in  1875  came  to  Bethany,  where 
he  served  a  while  as  deputy   county  clerk,    deputy  sheriff,   and  was 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  515 

employed  some  time  in  the  treasury  oiBce.  In  1880  he  was  elected 
probate  judge,  a  position  which  he  has  since  ably  filled  by  re-election. 
He  has  been  a  stanch  Republican  during  and  since  the  war,  and  as 
such  has  been  elected  to  his  various  offices.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  encampment.  May  9,  1867,  he  married  Virginia  A. 
McConkey,  a  native  of  Gentry  County,  Mo.,  by  *hom  he  has  four 
children;  Mary,  Sarah,  Loura  E.  and  Arthur  E.  The  Judge  and  his 
worthy  wife  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  highly 
esteemed  among  Bethany's  popular  citizens. 

Nelson  Church  was  born  in  Springville,  Erie  Co. ,  N.  Y. ,  Septem- 
ber 17,  1836.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  his  mother 
of  Vermont,  and  they  were  married  in  Erie  County  in  1835.  The 
father  was  of  Scotch -Irish  descent,  and  the  mother,  Franco-English. 
The  family  resided  in  Erie  County  until  1850,  when  they  immigrated 
to  Jefferson  County,  Wis.,  then  supposed  to  be  in  the  far  west.  The 
children — four  in  number,  one  son  and  three  daughters — were  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  academies  of  Wisconsin,  married,  and 
scattered  over  the  west  in  the  usual  way.  The  family  are  all  now 
living  except  the  father  and  eldest  daughter,  who  are  buried  in  Wis- 
consin. In  the  summer  of  1859  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  mar- 
ried to  Felicie  H.  Hale,  of  Belvidere,  111. ,  where  he  resided  until  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion  was  furiously  raging,  when,  obeying  the  Presi- 
dent's call  for  "  800,000  more,"  in  December,  1861,  he  enlisted  in 
Company  F,  Thirteenth  Regiment  Illinois  Cavalry,  experienced  three 
years  of  hard  service,  and  was  discharged  January  1,  1865.  After 
the  war  he  resided  in  Wisconsin  and  Illinois,  but  in  consequence  of 
disease  contracted  in  the  army  was  unable  to  engage  in  any  l:)usiness 
until  the  autumn  of  1868,  when  he  removed  from  Illinois  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo.,  and  commenced  life  anew  by  teaching  school  and 
farming.  In  1872  Mr.  Church  was  elected  county  superintendent 
of  public  schools  for  Harrison  County,  and  held  the  ofiSce  until  it 
was  abolished  by  act  of  the  Legislature  and  changed  to  the  ofi&ce  of 
county  commissioner.  He  served  in  that  capacity  until  April,  1875. 
He  had  purchased  land  near  Mount  Moriah,  in  the  Grand  River 
valley,  and  resided  there  until  the  summer  of  1875,  when,  on 
account  of  bad  health,  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Mitchell 
County,  Kas. ,  where  he  remained  nearly  two  years,  and  returned 
home;  and  again  in  1880,  for  the  same  reason,  he  immigrated  to  the 
State  of  Mississippi,  and  resided  on  the  Gulf  coast  until  the  fall 
of  1881,  when  he  again  returned  to  Mount  Moriah  and  engaged  in 
the  hardware    and  harness  trade.     At  the  general  election  in  1886, 


51(3  HAREISON   COUNTY. 

he  was  elected  representative  for  Harrison  County  in  the  thirty-foui-th 
General  Assembly,  his  term  of  office  expiring  in  November,  1888. 
In  September,  1887,  in  connection  with  a  joint  stock  association,  he 
purchased  an  interest  in  and  became  managing  editor  of  the  Bethany 
Republican,  and  is  now  conducting  the  paper.  He  has  but  one  son, 
and  he  is  of  age,  and  now  one  of  the  prominent  school  teachers  of 
Harrison  County.  Recently  Mr.  Church  has  removed  from  Mount 
Moriah  to  Bethany,  where  he  now  resides. 

Joseph  A.  Cushman  was  born  in  Henry  County,  Iowa,  December, 
8,  1852,  and  is  a  son  of  Andrew  R.  and  Eliza  G.  (Walker)  Cushman, 
natives  of  Canada  and  England,  respectively.  He  came  to  Missouri 
with  his  parents  in  the  fall  of  1859,  and  was  reared  to  manhood  in 
Scotland  County,  where  he  learned  the  wagon- maker's  trade,  after 
which  he  engaged  in  the  business  upon  his  own  account  at  Memphis, 
Mo.,  from  1875  until  the  spring  of  1887.  In  June  of  that  year  he 
came  to  Bethany  and  leased  the  ' '  Pitt ' '  shops  which  he  has  since 
successfully  conducted.  He  manufactures  and  handles  farm  and 
spring  wagons,  buggies,  can-iages,  etc. ,  and  also  has  a  general  black- 
smith and  repair  shop,  and  is  meeting  with  good  and  well-deserved 
success.  November  1,  1885,  Mr.  Cushman  married  Caroline  P. 
Gates,  a  native  of  Scotland  County,  Mo. ,  and  the  mother  of  one  son, 
Aubrey  R.  Mr.  Cushman  is  a  Republican,  and  one  of  the  reliable 
and  respected  business  men  of  Bethany.  Himself  and  wife  belong  to 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Pleasant  Daniel,  a  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Section  11,  Township 
62,  Range  29,  was  born  in  Green  County,  Ky.,  June  8,  1823,  and  is 
a  son  of  Thomas  and  Chloe  (Shofner)  Daniel,  natives  of  West  Virginia 
and  Kentucky,  respectively.  The  family  moved  from  Kentucky  to 
Morgan  County,  III.,  in  an  early  day,  and  there  resided  until  the 
spring  of  1840,  when  they  settled  in  what  is  now  Butler  Township, 
Harrison  Co.,  Mo.  There  the  father  lived  upon  land  he  had  entered 
and  improved,  until  his  death  March  31,  1868.  His  wife's  death 
occurred  November  10,  1884.  Pleasant  Daniel  is  the  eldest  of  a  fam- 
ily of  live  sons  and  five  daughters,  all  living,  and  six  of  them  residents 
of  Harrison  County.  Our  subject  came  with  his  parents  to  this 
county,  and  September  28,  1848,  was  mamed,  in  Daviess  County,  to 
Lucilla,  daughter  of  Samuel  Bennet,  and  a  native  of  Kentucky.  After 
his  marriage  he  located  upon  160  acres  of  land  he  had  entered,  upon 
which  he  built  a  house  and  improved  a  farm.  He  has  since  bought 
and  sold  land,  so  that  he  now  owns  about  the  original  amount, 
which    is   well   cultivated    and    improved.     Mr.    Daniels    has    been 


BIOGBAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  517 

twice  married.  By  his  first  marriage  one  child,  Chloe,  wife  of  Will- 
iam Lowe,  of  Nebraska,  was  born,  and  to  his  second  the  following 
children:  Pamela  (wife  of  Hudson  Lowe,  of  Gentry  County),  Thomas 
S.  (of  Colorado),  Alexander  C,  Lucy  Ann  (deceased  wife  of  R.  M. 
Duncan,  who  died  January  15,  1887,  aged  thirty-one),  Margaret  E. 
(wife  of  Byron  W.  Knight,  of  Daviess  County),  James  H. ,  Rebecca 
E.  (wife  of  James  Flint,  of  Dakota),  and  Ida  A.  (wife  of  William  W. 
Salmon).  Previous  to  the  war  Mr.  Daniel  was  a  Democrat,  but  is  now 
a  stanch  Republican,  and  has  served  his  township  as  justice  of  the 
peace  for  six  years.  He  has  also  held  several  other  local  ofSces  of 
trust  and  honor,  and  once  served  two  terms  as  registrar.  Mr.  Daniel 
relates  as  an  incident  of  his  pioneer  life  in  Missouri,  that  as  there  was 
no  mill  near,  he  hauled  a  large  load  of  wheat  150  miles  with  an  ox 
team,  which  his  family  ground  in  an  old-fashioned  cofPee-mill.  About 
150  bushels  were  ground  in  this  way,  and  the  corn  meal  was  made 
with  an  iron  wedge  and  mortar. 

Joseph  De  Golia,  a  native  of  Steuben  County,  N.  Y.,  was  born  in 
1828,  and  is  a  great-grandson  of  Joseph  De  Golia,  who  came  to  Canada 
as  a  French  soldier,  and  afterward  immigrated  to  New  York  colony, 
where  he  mamed,  lived  and  died;  a  grandson  of  James  De  Golia,  a 
Revolutionary  soldier  and  pensioner,  and  a  son  of  John  and  Hannah 
De  Golia,  who  were  natives  of  New  York,  the  former  born  March  2, 
1785,  and  the  latter  June  16,  1788,  and  were  man-ied  February  21, 
1805,  the  father's  death  occurring  in  1832.  Joseph  received  an  aca- 
demic school  education,  and  when  about  eighteen  spent  three  years  as 
a  clerk.  In  1850  he  went  to  California,  engaged  in  mining  and  mer- 
chandising, and  while  there,  in  1861,  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Fifth  Cal- 
ifornia Infantry,  and  after  three  years'  service  in  Texas  and  the  Terri- 
tories, was  discharged  in  December,  1864,  in  New  Mexico,  but  re-en- 
listed and  was  finally  discharged  in  September,  1866,  at  Santa  Fe,  N. 
M .  In  that  year  he  went  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  was 
married  in  1867  to  Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  Ezekiel  and  Minerva 
(Cook)  Haines,  residents  of  Daviess  County,  Mo. ,  though  Mrs.  De 
Golia  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  Ind.  This  union  has  resulted 
in  four  children:  Judson  V.,  Mondora  Alice  (deceased),  Georgiana 
and  Fanny  Ellen.  Politically  he  was  formerly  a  Republican,  casting 
his  first  vote  for  Gen.  Scott,  but  now  belongs  to  the  Union  Labor 
party.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Grange,  Patrons  of  Hus- 
bandry, of  the  Missionary  Baptist  Church,  and  he  of  the  G.  A.  R.  By 
his  perseverance  and  good  management  he  has  acquired  a  beautiful, 
well-improved  farm  near  Bancroft,    where   he   resides.     Always   an 


518  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

ardent  worker  in  educational  enterprises,  and  for  the  welfare  of  the 
public,  he  enjoys  the  esteem  of  a  large  circle  of  fi-iends. 

James  L.  Downing,  M.  D.,  a  resident  physician  of  Eagleville, 
Harrison  Co.,  Mo.,  was  born  at  Burgettstown,  Washington  Co., 
Penn.,  October  14,  1833.  His  parents,  Edward  E.,  and  Sarah  (Lynn) 
Downing,  were  of  Irish  and  Scotch  descent.  The  father  was  born  in 
Ireland  in  1785,  and  when  five  years  of  age  came  with  an  uncle  to 
America,  and  passed  his  youth  in  Downingtown,  Penn. ,  and  Boston, 
Mass.  The  mother  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn.,  in  1797, 
whither  her  parents  had  come  from  Scotland.  She  was  married  to 
Edward  E.  Downing  in  her  native  county,  and  in  1835  they  immigrated 
to  Holmes  County,  Ohio.  In  the  spring  of  1853,  they  went  to  Ben- 
ton County,  Iowa,  and  a  year  later  removed  to  Marshall  County, 
where  jVIrs.  Downing  died  in  1855,  aged  fifty-eight.  The  father  was 
a  Whig  in  politics,  and  by  trade  a  carpenter  and  painter.  After  the 
death  of  his  wife  he  visited  several  Western  States,  and  was  not  heard 
from  until  1861,  when  news  arrived  from  St  Louis.  James  L. 
Downing  received  a  district  school  education  during  his  youth,  which 
he  has  since  improved  by  reading  and  observation.  He  also  learned 
his  father's  trade  which  he  followed  in  Ohio  and  Iowa  until  1858. 
In  the  fall  of  1853  he  married  Miss  Mary  A.  Burd,  a  native  of  Holmes 
County,  Ohio,  and  daughter  of  George  and  Mary  M.  Burd.  He  came 
to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  ,in  1859,  and  having  been  admitted  to  the  bar 
brought  his  family  here  in  the  spring  of  1860.  He  qualified  himself 
for  the  practice  of  law  in  Marshall  County,  Iowa,  where  he  studied 
under  Hon.  T.  J.  Wilson,  and  continued  to  practice  his  profession  in 
Eagleville  untU  1864.  In  1864,  having  previously  studied  medicine 
at  Eagleville  under  Dr.  H.  J.  Skinner,  he  abandoned  law  for  the 
practice  of  medicine,  and  has  since  lived  in  and  near  Eagleville, 
where  he  enjoys  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  To  himself  and  wife 
three  sons  and  seven  daughters  have  been  born,  two  sons  and  five 
daughters  now  living. 

AA'illiam  M.  Dunn,  of  Bethany,  was  born  in  Washington  County, 
Va. ,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Mary  (McCulloch)  Dunn,  both  natives 
of  Virginia,  where  the  father  died  and  the  mother  still  resides. 
William  was  reared  to  manhood  in  his  native  State,  and  there  secured 
a  good  English  education.  He  embarked  in  the  mercantile  business 
early  in  life,  and  has  followed  it  ever  since.  He  came  to  Bethany  in 
March,  1866,  where  he  has  continued  to  remain  in  business,  meeting 
with  good  and  well  deserved  success.  He  was  married  April  7.  1870, 
to  Desdemona  Monson,  daughter  of  Thomas  Monson,  of  Bethany,  who 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  519 

died  February  13,  1874,  leaving  one  son — William  Victor.  Mr. 
Dunn  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  one  of  the  substantial  and  enter- 
prising business  men  of  Bethany.  Robert  H.  Dunn,  a  brother  of 
William  M.,  and  his  business  partner,  was  also  born  in  Washington 
County,  Va.  He  was  reared  and  educated  there,  and  in  1869  came 
to  Bethany,  where  since  1874  he  has  been  in  business  with  his 
brother,  the  firm  name  being  Dunn  Bros.  &  Co.  June  11,  1873, 
he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Clara  Blackburn,  a  native  of  Bethany, 
and  daughter  of  Dr.  C.  J.  Blackburn.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dunn  have  two 
children:  Helen  E.  and  Horace  W.  He  is  also  a  Democrat  in  politics, 
and  an  enterprising  man.  The  firm  consists  of  the  Dunn  Bros.  & 
W.  F.  Cuddy,  and  carries  on  an  extensive  general  mercantile  business. 
About  1868  W.  M.  Dunn  bought  the  interest  of  Thomas  Monson,  of 
the  firm  of  Monson  &  McGeorge,  and  until  1874  the  tirm  was  known 
as  McGeorge  &  Dunn.  The  former  was  then  succeeded  by  R.  H. 
Dunn,  and  in  1878  Mi-.  Cuddy  became  a  member  of  the  firm.  The 
building  which  is  a  three-story  brick  is  owned  by  William  M.  Dunn. 
Mr.  William  F.  Cuddy  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Va.,  in 
March,  1854,  and  is  a  son  of  David  and  Mary  (Dunn)  Cuddy,  natives 
of  that  State.  William  was  reared  and  educated  in  Virginia,  and 
came  to  Bethany  in  1875,  where  he  first  was  employed  as  a  clerk,  but 
afterward  became  a  member  of  the  above  firm.  In  March,  1887,  he 
married  Jean  Morrison,  a  native  of  Osceola,  Iowa.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Democrat. 

T.  A.  Dunn  is  a  son  of  Philip  and  Lucinda  J.  (Patterson)  Dunn, 
natives  of  Kentucky  and  Virginia,  respectively,  and  was  born  in  La 
Rue  County,  Ky. ,  February  14,  1853.  The  father  is  now  a  well-to-do 
farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  La  Rue  County,  where  T.  A.  was  reared  to 
manhood  and  received  a  good  common-school  education.  He  came  to 
Missouri  in  1871,  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Meadville 
until  1881,  when  he  came  to  Bethany  and  established  his  present  gi-o- 
cery  business.  In  1882  he  moved  into  his  present  commodious  quar- 
ters in  the  Athenteum  Building,  which  is  erected  upon  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  public  square.  Here  Mr.  Dunn  carries  one  of  the  larg- 
est and  best  selected  stocks  of  staple  and  fancy  groceries,  flour,  provis- 
ions, queensware,  etc.,  in  the  city.  October  21,  1874,  he  married 
Miss  Grace  LaRue,  a  native  of  the  county  of  that  name  in  Kentucky, 
and  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  as  is  also  Mr.  Dunn.  Mr.  Dunn 
is  a  Democrat,  and  a  Knights  Templar  Mason.  He  is  one  of  the  enter- 
prising business  men  of  the  town,  and  has  been  the  American  Express 
agent  of  this  place  since  June,  1883. 


520  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

Edwin  K.  Durham  was  born  in  Canton,  Fulton  Co.,  111.,  August 
1,  1853,  and  is  a  son  of  Jonathan  Martin  and  Mary  A.  (Brown)  Dur- 
ham, natives  of  New  Jersey  and  Virginia,  respectively.  The  father 
was  a  resident  of  Illinois  many  years,  and  during  the  Rebellion  fought 
in  the  Union  army.  His  death  occurred  at  the  hospital  of  Bowling 
Green,  Ky. ,  February  15,  1862.  The  mother  afterward  became  the 
wife  of  Theodore  A.  Smith,  now  a  resident  of  Grant  Township,  Harri- 
son Co. ,  Mo.  [See  sketch.]  Edwin  R.  came  to  this  State  and  county 
in  company  with  his  mother  and  family  in  1866,  and  until  1871  resided 
here  upon  a  farm.  He  then  returned  to  Illinois,  but  in  1875  came  to 
Bethany,  and  for  three  years  served  as  deputy  postmaster.  In  1880  he 
accepted  a  ^wsition  in  the  collector's  office,  and  later  became  deputy 
assessor.  For  the  past  five  years  he  has  been  the  efficient  deputy  of 
Col.  W.  P.  Robinson,  the  county  clerk.  In  politics  he  is  a  stanch  Re- 
publican. He  has  been  the  captain  of  Lieut.  J.  B.  McClure'  s  Camp  of 
the  Sons  of  Veterans  since  its  organization  at  Bethany,  and  is  also  quar- 
termaster of  the  division  of  Missouri  of  this  order.  February  14,  1877, 
he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Lottie  McClure,  a  native  of  Grundy 
County,  Mo.,  and  daughter  of  the  late  Joseph  McChu-e,  of  Bethany. 
This  union  has  been  blessed  with  two  children:  Grace  and  Bertie  Vir- 
ginia.     Ml',  and  Mrs.  Durham  are  members  of  the  Christian  Church. 

W.  H.  Eades,  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Jefferson 
Township,  was  born  in  1830,  in  Boiu'bon  County,  Ky. ,  and  at  the  age 
of  four  years  was  taken  to  Morgan  County,  111. ,  where  he  was  reared. 
In  1856  he  moved  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  He  began  life  for  him- 
self at  the  age  of  fifteen  a  poor  young  man,  but  by  the  exercise  of 
prudence  and  economy,  together  with  good  management,  has  become  a 
successful  man,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  290  acres  of  fine  land,  well 
improved  and  equipped  for  agricultural  pursuits.  At  one  time  he  was 
a  very  extensive  dealer  and  shipper  in  stock.  He  was  united  in  mar- 
riage, in  1856,  to  Miss  Lucy  Calef,  a  native  of  Concord,  N.  H.  This 
union  was  blessed  with  fivechildi-en:  Laura  (wife of  Mr.  W.  P.  Robin- 
son), Marion  (deceased),  Horatio,  Lellah  (deceased)  and  Ora,  also 
deceased.  Dr.  Eades  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  has  served  his 
township  four  years  as  justice  of  the  peace.  During  the  Rebellion  he 
served  his  country  in  Company  D,  Fifty-seventh  Missouri  State  Mili- 
tia Cavalry,  and  was  the  lieutenant  of  his  company  during  the  entire 
war.  He  organized  the  first  company  of  Home  Guards  raised  in  Har- 
rison County.  He  is  the  tenth  of  eleven  children  born  to  Horatio  and 
Margaret  (Mosterson)  Eades,  natives  of  Bourbon  County,  Ky.,  near 
Paris.    The  father  served  through  two  campaigns  in  the  War  of  1812, 


BIOGEAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  521 

and  was  a  son  of  Thomas  Eades.  Our  subject  entered  the  land  in 
Jefferson  Township  upon  which  he  now  resides  in  1855,  and  moved 
upon  the  same  the  next  year. 

Winifield  S.  Eades  was  born  in  Rockcastle  County.  Ky. ,  August  3, 
1848,  and  is  a  son  of  William  Eades,  a  prominent  farmer  citizen  of 
Jefferson  Township,  Mo.  [see  sketch].  He  came  to  Harrison  County 
with  his  father  in  1857,  and  was  reared  to  manhood  here  upon  a  farm. 
In  1875  he  came  to  Bethany,  and  for  awhile  engaged  in  wagon-making, 
conducting  a  shop  of  his  own  about  a  year,  and  then  was  employed 
by  J.  F.  Pitt,  a  carriage-builder  and  wagon-maker,  a  number  of  years. 
In  January,  1884,  he  established  his  present  business,  and  is  now  the 
owner  of  the  building  which  he  occupies,  which  is  situated  two  blocks 
east  of  the  northeast  corner  of  the  public  square.  Here  he  is  occupied 
in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  buggies  and  carriages,  and  also  has  a 
general  repair  and  blacksmith  shop.  In  1881  Mr.  Eades  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Sarah  E.  (Buck)  Roberts,  a  native  of  Bethany,  and  the 
mother  of  one  son — William  D.  Mr.  Eades  had  been  previously  mar- 
ried, and  of  that  union  there  is  also  one  son — Charles  O.  Mr.  Eades  is 
a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  is  a  Select  Knight  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  Church,  and  rank  among  the 
good  citizens  of  Bethany. 

Moses  H.  Eades,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  in  Rock- 
castle County,  Ky.,  April  3,  1851.  His  parents,  William  and  Mary  L. 
Eades,  were  also  natives  of  Kentucky.  The  family  moved  to  Hen- 
dricks County,  Ind. ,  in  the  autumn  of  1853,  where  they  resided  until 
the  fall  of  1857,  at  which  time  they  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. 
In  the  spring  of  1868,  William  Eades  purchased  a  partly  improved 
farm  six  miles  north  of  Bethany,  on  which  he  still  resides.  William 
Eades  was  married  in  1843  to  Mary  L.  Hudnall,  by  whom  he  had 
twelve  children,  Moses  H.,  being  the  sixth  child.  The  father  was 
twice  married,  his  first  wife  having  died  in  1863.  Moses  H.  was 
reared  and  received  a  common-school  education  in  Harrison  County, 
after  which  he  attended  the  Bethany  high  school.  For  several  years 
he  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  public  schools  of  Harrison  County.  In 
the  spring  of  1874  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  J. 
Walker,  of  Bethany,  and  in  the  winter  of  1875-76  he  attended  his 
first  lectures  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  From  the  spring  of  1876  till  the 
fall  of  1877  he  practiced  his  profession  at  New  Hampton,  when  he 
went  to  Mount  Moriah,  where  he  again  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
medicine. 

Judge   Edward  L.  Ellis,  a  pioneer  farmer  of    Adams  Township, 

33 


522  HAKEISON    COUNTY. 

was  born  in  Bourbon  County,  Ky. ,  May  28,  1813,  and  is  the  son  of 
Elder  Samuel  and  Jane  (Todd)  Ellis,  the  former  of  Virginia,  but  who 
when  a  youth  accompanied  his  parents  to  Boiu-bon  County,  Ky. ,  where 
he  married  Miss  Todd,  a  native  of  that  State,  and  in  1836  removed  to 
Decatur  County,  Ind. ,  thence  in  1857  to  Harrison  County,  Mo., 
locating  in  Cypress  Township,  where  he  died  in  1866,  universally 
beloved  and  esteemed.  For  several  years  Elder  S.  was  associate 
judge  of  the  circuit  court  in  Indiana,  and  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
preachers  of  Kentucky,  having  entered  the  ministry  when  quite  young, 
following  his  profession  under  the  order  of  the  Christian  Church, 
until  the  time  of  his  death.  His  wife  was  for  many  years  a  devout 
member  of  the  same  church,  and  died  at  the  home  of  her  son,  Edward, 
in  1873.  The  Judge  was  reared  at  home,  without  school  advantages, 
but  through  his  own  efforts  obtained  a  good  education,  and  has  taught 
school  at  different  times  in  Indiana,  Kentucky  and  Missouri.  In 
1838  he  went  to  Decatur,  Ind. ,  where  he  married  in  January,  1841, 
Miss  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Nancy  Ford,  early  settlers  in 
Indiana,  who  immigrated  to  Missouri  in  1841.  This  union  has  resulted 
in  eight  childi'eii,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living:  Robert  S.,  of 
Kansas;  Nancy  J.,  wife  of  Joseph  Bonser,  of  Bethany;  Irene  B. , 
wife  of  G.  C.  Harboard,  of  Daviess  County;  John  J. ;  Amanda  M., 
widow  of  James  Mithhem;  Cassandra  M. ,  wife  of  F.  P.  Marsteller, 
of  Kansas,  and  Mary  E. ,  wife  of  John  E.  Ford.  Mrs.  Ellis  died  in  Au- 
gust, 1860,  and  the  following  Januaiy,  the  Judge  married  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
J.  Brady,  daughter  of  Abraham  and  Mary  Myers.  This  union  has 
been  blessed  with  three  children,  but  one  of  whom  is  living — Henry 
Kesler.  In  October,  1841,  ISIi.  Ellis  went  to  Daviess  County,  Mo., 
and  in  1843  he  moved  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  settled  on  his 
present  farm,  five  and  one-half  miles  southwest  of  Blue  Ridge,  where 
he  has  since  resided.  In  1850  he  was  elected  county  judge,  which 
office  he  filled  about  twelve  years,  by  appointment  and  election.  Dur- 
ing the  war  he  was  secretary  of  the  Union  League,  and  since  then  has 
served  as  justice  of  the  peace,  township  clerk,  assessor,  and  district 
clerk.  In  politics  he  was  raised  a  Whig,  casting  his  fii'st  vote  for 
Gen.  Harrison  in  1836,  but  in  1860  voted  for  Douglas,  the  first  Demo- 
cratic candidate  for  whom  he  ever  cast  his  ballot.  He  has  for  many 
years  been  a  prominent  member  of  the  P.  of  H.  Both  the  Judge  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  Church.  By  his  industry  and 
persistent  efforts  he  now  owns  a  fine  farm  of  290  acres,  250  of  which 
are  improved,  and  40  in  timber,  and  for  his  zealous  work  in  the  interest 
of   educational  and  other  undertakings,  is  greatly  esteemed   by  all. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  523 

Jesse  B.  Emerson  was  born  October  22,  1828,  in  Guernsey  County, 
Ohio,  and  when  thirteen  moved  with  his  parents  to  Morgan  County, 
Ohio,  where  he  lived  until  the  spring  of  1864,  when  he  pui'chased 
and  moved  iipon  the  farm  in  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  Having  been  reared  upon  a  farm,  he  has  since  followed 
that  occupation,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  began  life  with  100 
acres  of  land,  to  which  he  has  added  until  he  is  now  the  possessor  of 
800  acres  in  his  home  place,  and  320  acres  in  another  tract.  He  was 
married  in  1850  to  Miss  Jane  E.  Lamb,  a  native  of  Massachusetts, 
who  moved  to  Morgan  County,  Ohio,  at  the  age  of  nine  with  her 
parents,  where  she  was  reared  to  womanhood.  She  is  a  daughter  of 
Alvin  and  Lucy  (Brown)  Lamb,  natives  of  Massachusetts,  and  is  the 
mother  of  the  following  named  children:  Wilson  (deceased),  Carlton 
B. ,  Edgar  E.,  Alma  L.  and  Grant.  Mr.  Emerson  is  a  Republican  in 
politics,  and  his  first  presidential  vote  was  cast  for  John  C.  Fremont. 
He  is  the  eldest  child  of  five  born  to  Ezekiel  and  Rebecca  (Blackmer) 
Emerson.  His  maternal  grandparents,  Timothy  and  Jane  (Sampson) 
Blackmer,  were  natives  of  Massachusetts,  who  moved  to  Vermont,  and 
from  there  in  an  early  day  to  Ohio,  upon  the  Muskingum  River,  where 
they  died  upon  the  second  farm  purchased  by  them,  and  which  is  now 
owned  by  then'  youngest  son.  The  paternal  grandparents,  Ezekiel 
and  Jane  (Burlingame)  Emerson,  were  natives  of  Rhode  Island,  and 
the  former  was  siiperintendent  in  the  second  cotton  factory  erected  in 
the  United  States,  which  was  built  at  Slatersville,  R.  I.  He  com- 
manded a  regiment  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  a  sword  which  he  cap- 
tured from  an  English  'officer  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  is  now  in  the 
possession  of  Henry  Emerson,  a  brother  of  om-  subject.  He  served 
as  justice  of  the  peace  eighteen  years  continuously.  The  Emerson 
family  is  of  English  descent,  three  brothers  having  emigrated  from 
England  to  the  United  States  about  1787. 

James  S.  Emerson,  proprietor  of  the  Hotel  Emerson  at  Bethany, 
is  a  native  of  County  Fermanagh,  Ireland,  born  February  28,  1858, 
where  he  was  reared  and  educated.  In  the  fall  of  1884  he  came  to 
the  United  States,  and  located  first  at  Ellsworth,  Kas.,  where  he  suc- 
cessfully engaged  in  the  hotel,  real  estate  and  mercantile  business. 
In  October,  1887,  he  came  to  Bethany,  and  purchased  the  Poynter 
hotel  property,  which  he  refurnished  and  refitted,  and  has  since  suc- 
cessfully conducted.  As  it  is  a  first-class  hotel  he  controls  the  leading 
patronage  of  the  traveling  public,  whose  wants  he  always  strives  to 
supply.  He  has  also  established  a  real  estate,  loan  and  insurance 
business  in  Bethany,  and  being  himself  the  owner  of  large  and  valu- 


524  HAKEISON   COUNTY. 

able  ranches  in  Kansas  and  the  West,  devotes  a  great  deal  of  atten- 
tion to  the  real  estate  branch  of  the  business.  May  26,  1886,  he  mar- 
ried Jennie  Wilson,  a  native  of  County  Armagh,  by  whom  he  has  one 
child  named  John  Edgar.  Mr.  Emerson  is  a  Eepublican  in  politics, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity. 

E.  D.  Emiy  was  born  in  Marion  County,  November  26,  1849,  and 
is  a  son  of  Christopher  and  Sarah  (Hanna)  Emry,  who  are  of  German 
descent,  and  natives  of  near  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  Marion  County,  Ind., 
respectively.  They  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  1855,  and 
located  in  Madison  Township,  where  our  subject  made  his  home  with 
them  until  twenty-two  years  of  age,  with  the  exception  of  sixteen  months 
spent  in  his  native  county.  He  was  united  in  marriage  in  Harrison 
County,  Mo.,  in  1872,  with  Miss  Mary  Emma  Myers,  a  native  of  this 
county,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  farming.  He  rented  land  for  some 
time,  and  in  1877  moved  upon  his  present  place,  which  contains  145 
acres  of  well-stocked  and  improved  land,  which  is  all  the  result  of 
industry  and  economy.  Mr.  Emry  is  an  enterprising  and  well 
respected  man,  and  has  served  his  township  as  school  director  for 
about  seven  years.  To  himself  and  wife  three  children  have  been 
born :  Parvin  F. ,  Christopher  and  Frederick  B. ,  aged  f oui'teen,  ten 
and  five  years,  respectively. 

Joel  J.  Fair,  a  farmer,  stock  raiser  and  mechanic  of  Adams 
Township,  was  born  in  Holmes  County,  Ohio,  in  1835,  and  is  the  son 
of  Jacob  and  Eva  (Deal)  Fair.  The  former,  of  Dutch  origin,  was  born 
near  Baltimore,  Md.,  moved  thence  to  Cumberland  County,  Penn. , 
thence  to  Holmes  County,  Ohio,  where  he  followed  the  occupation  of 
farming,  and  died  about  the  last  of  the  late  war.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  died  about  1843.  Joel  J.  remained  at 
home  till  the  age  of  thirteen,  when  he  learned  the  cabinet  trade,  and 
has  followed  it  more  or  less  ever  since.  In  1854  he  went  to  Sovith 
Bend,  Ind. ,  the  next  year  going  on  to  Harrison  County,  where  he  entered 
land  in  Adams  Township,  and  has  since  resided  there,  at  present  liv- 
ing three  miles  east  of  Blue  Ridge.  He  was  married  in  1857  to  Miss 
Sarah,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Rebecca  Brown,  formerly  of  North 
Carolina,  though  Sarah  was  born  in  Indiana.  Their  union  has  been 
blessed  with  nine  children,  eight  of  whom  are  living:  Dr.  Jesse  F.,  of 
Kansas;  Deal  E.,  professor  of  penmanship;  Sarah  J.,  wife  of  Henry 
Alden,  of  Iowa;  Chas.  S.,  a  farmer  and  licensed  minister  of  the  Chris- 
tian Union  Church;  Joel  Ulysses,  Cora  A.,  Clarence  Eugene  and  Anna 
Belle.  He  served  as  corporal  during  the  Rebellion,  and  was  also  justice 
of  the  peace  about  twelve  years.     In  politics  he  was  a  Republican,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  525 

a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are  members  of 
the  Christian  Union  Church.  Starting  in  life  as  a  poor  boy,  Mr.  Fair 
has  by  industry  and  perseverance  worked  his  way  up,  until  he  now 
owns  a  fine  farm  of  400  acres  of  land,  and  is  in  every  sense  of  the 
word  a  representative  citizen  of  Harrison  County. 

Joseph  A.  R.  Fanning  is  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  was  born  in 
Platte  County,  January  6,  1846.  His  father,  John  Fanning,  was  born 
in  Kentucky,  January  1,  1809,  and  his  mother,  Sarah  J.  (Shuck) 
Fanning,  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Ky.,  December  17,  1819. 
The  family  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Ralls  County,  Mo.,  and 
from  there  moved  to  Platte  County,  in  1840,  being  also  early  settlers 
of  that  county.  In  the  spring  of  1846  they  came  to  Harrison  County, 
where  the  father  entered  land,  and  improved  a  farm  in  Butler  Town- 
ship, where  he  died  in  1856,  leaving  a  widow  who  still  sm-vives.  J. 
A.  E.  passed  his  youth  near  his  present  location,  and  in  February, 
1862,  enlisted  for  three  years  in  the  First  Missouri  State  Militia,  and 
served  until  discharged  December  2,  1862.  He  served  in  several  skir- 
mishes, and  in  August,  1862,  was  wounded  near  Jameson,  Daviess 
County,  and  being  permanently  disabled  was  discharged  in  December, 
1862.  He  carries  several  Confederate  bullets  in  his  body  to  this  day. 
After  his  discharge  at  Lexington,  Mo. ,  he  returned  home,  and  in  the 
year  1863  went  west,  spending  the  following  eight  years  in  Montana, 
Oregon,  Washington,  Idaho  and  Nevada.  The  greater  part  of  the 
time  was  spent  in  Montana  engaged  in  mining.  In  the  fall  of  1871, 
having  reti^rned  to  Harrison  County,  he  was  married  February  19,  1872, 
to  Margaret  Ann,  daughter  of  William  Querry,  and  a  native  of  Mis- 
souri. After  his  marriage  Mr.  Fanning  engaged  in  farming  upon  the 
home  place  and  in  October,  1876,  located  upon  his  present  property. 
He  at  first  bought  120  acres,  but  he  now  owns  240  acres,  sixty  of 
which  are  timbered  pasture,  and  the  balance  in  meadow,  pasture  and 
plow  land.  His  farm  is  well  improved,  and  he  has  an  orchard  of  about 
300  trees.  He  commenced  life  with  only  $300  or  $400,  but  by  the 
exercise  of  prudence  and  economy  is  now  ranked  among  the  substan- 
tial men  of  Butler  Township.  To  himself  and  wife,  who  are  both 
members  of  the  Methodist  Church,  the  following  children  have  been 
born:  Eva,  Ida  J.,  Mary  E.,  Viola,  Clarissa  Ellen,  Oscar  and  Har- 
vey.    IVIr.  Fanning  is  a  Republican,  but  has  never  held  ofiice. 

Reuben  Foltz,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Section  29,  Township  63, 
Range  29,  was  born  in  Page  County,  Va.,  May  2,  1829.  His  father, 
Reuben  Foltz,  was  born  in  the  same  county  in  1778,  and  is  a  son  of 
Rev.  Reuben  Foltz,  who  was  a  Lutheran  minister,  born  in  Pennsylvania 


526  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

at  an  early  day,  and  who  died  at  the  age  of  ninety.     The  father  of  our 
subject  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native  State,  and  there  married  Miss 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Martin  Kite,  and  a  native  of  Page  County. 
Mr.  Foltz  was  a  teacher  during  his  younger  days,  but  later  engaged 
in  farming  until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1863,  his  burial  taking 
place  on  Easter  Sunday.     For  about  eight  years  he  served  as  justice 
of  the  peace.     The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  one  of  the  family  of 
seven  sons  and  four  daughters,  all  of  whom  grew  to  maturity.      Six 
sons  and  two  daughters  are  now  living.      Reuben  is  the  only  child  who 
resides   in    Han-ison    County,    Mo. ;   he    was    reared    in  his   native 
State,  and  in  1848  went  to  Illinois,  where  he  lived  with  a  cousin  about 
eighteen  months.     In  1850  he  went  to  Indiana,  and  passed  a  year 
near  Ten-e  Haute,  after  which  he  lived  in  Virginia  until  September, 
1852,  at  which  time  he  located  where  he  has  since  resided  in  Harrison 
County,  Mo.     He  was  married  in  Gentry  Country,  Mo.,  in  October, 
1852,  to  Rachel  C.    Buchanan,  a  widow,  and  daughter  of   Matthew 
Duncan,  and  a  native  of  Kentucky,  who  moved  to   Missouri  with  her 
parents  when  yoimg.      Mrs.  Foltz  is  the  mother  of  the  following  chil- 
dren:    By  her  first  marriage,  Sarah,  wife  of  William  Allen,  of  Noda- 
way County,  and   Stephen   Z.  (deceased);  by   her   second   marriage, 
Reuben  M.,'Polly  Ann  (wife  of  Slaughter  Foltz),  James  B.,  and  Ruth. 
In  October,  1863,  Mr.  Foltz  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Twelfth  Mis- 
souri Cavah-y,  and  served  until  discharged  at  Leavenworth  in  April, 
1866,  having  spent  one  year  on  the  plains  fighting  the  Indians.      He 
at  one  time  owned  400  acres  of  land,  part  of  which   he  gave   to   his 
children,  and  now  owns  himself  but  130  acres,  which  are   well    im- 
proved and  ciiltivated.     He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  him- 
self and  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  Church,  of  which  he  is  an  elder. 
Martin  A.  Ford  was  born  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  November  13,  1849, 
and  is  a  son  of  Oliver  S.   and  Emily  H.   (Baldwin)  Ford,  whom  he 
accompanied  to  Chicago,  III.,  in  1861.     He  there  learned  the  tinner's 
trade,  at  which  he  worked  several  years,  and  afterward  was  employed 
as  a  traveling  salesman   for  a  wholesale  hardware  hoiise  of  that  city 
and  St.  Joseph,  Mo.     In  1881  he  came  to  Bethany,  Mo.,  and  bought 
out  the  firm  of  Vories  Bros.,  and  has  since  been  interested   in  the 
hardware  business  in  this  city.     He  has  a  full  and  select  line  of  hard- 
ware, stoves,  and  tinware,  and  controls  a  large  share  of  the  trade  in 
this  line  at  Bethany  and  in  the  county.     For  the  past  three  years 
William  G.  Lewis,  of  St.  Joseph,  has  been  a  partner  in  the  business. 
Mr.   Ford  married  Mary  A.   Jobes,   a  native  of  New  York,  and  the 
mother  of  two  children:  Edna  and  Grace.     Mr.  Ford  is  a  Republican 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  527 

in  politics,  a  Knight  Templar  in  Masonry,  and  is  recognized  among 
the  successful  and  enterprising  business  men  of  Bethany. 

Charles  Fosdick  was  born  in  Geauga  County,  Ohio,  May  17,  1847, 
and  is  a  son  of  John  M.  and  Ann  (Andrews)  Fosdick,  natives  of  New 
York  State,  and  of  French  and  Scotch  descent.  In  early  life  they 
accompanied  their  parents  to  Ohio,  and  after  their  marriage  in  that 
State  located  in  Geauga  County.  A  few  years  later  they  moved  to 
Walworth  County,  Wis.,  and  from  there  moved  to  Sauk  County, 
where  the  father  died  in  October,  1861,  aged  fifty-seven.  The  mother 
still  makes  her  home  there.  The  father  was  a  carpenter  and  cabinet 
maker  by  trade,  and  worked  at  same  in  connection  with  farming.  In 
politics  he  was  a  Democrat.  Charles  is  the  third  of  ten  children,  and 
passed  his  youth  upon  a  farm.  He  received  a  common-school  educa- 
tion, and  at  the  youthful  age  of  fifteen  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Fifth 
Iowa  Infantry.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  luka,  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg  and  Corinth,  Ireland,  Mo.,  Jackson,  Champion's  Hill,  and  at  the 
battle  of  Mission  Ridge  was  captured  and  went  as  a  prisoner  of  war  to 
Atlanta  and  then  to  Belle  Isle,  Va.  From  there  he  went  to  Ander- 
sonville.  South  Charleston,  Wilmington  and  Goldsboro,  N.  C.  The 
sufferings  and  tortures  endiu-ed  by  him  in  these  prisons  led  him  to 
write  a  book  entitled  ' '  Five  Hundred  Days  in  a  Eebel  Prison, ' '  which 
has  been  published  this  year.  September  28,  1875,  he  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Miss  Sarah  C.  Hurst,  a  native  of  Illinois.  After  liv- 
ing in  different  places  until  1874  Mr.  F.  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo., 
and  about  nine  years  ago  purchased  his  present  property  of  1 10  acres, 
upon  which  he  is  successfully  engaged  in  stock  raising.  To  himself 
and  wife  two  sons  and  three  daughters  have  been  born.  Mr.  Fos- 
dick is  a  Republican,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Post  No.  208, 
at  Blythedale. 

John  J.  Foster  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Tenn. ,  April  ]0,  1815. 
His  father,  Robert  Foster,  was  also  a  native  of  Tennessee,  born  in  1812, 
a  farmer  by  occupation,  who  died  in  Greene  County,  where  he  had  always 
lived;  he  served  in  the  War  of  1812  under  Gen.  Jackson.  J.  J.  Foster 
is  one  of  a  family  of  nine  children,  born  to  Robert  and  Mercy  (Johnson) 
Foster,  and  grew  to  maturity  upon  the  farm  where  he  was  born.  He 
was  married  in  his  native  county  to  Sarah  Hankins,  December  29, 
1837,  and  afterward  engaged  in  farming  until  1850.  In  the  fall  of 
that  year  he  moved  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  and  the  following  year 
settled  upon  the  land  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  purchased  320 
acres  of  land,  the  most  of  which  was  timbered,  and  240  acres  of  which 
is  now  well  improved  and  devoted  to  meadow,  pasture  and  plow  land. 


528  HABEISON    COUNTY. 

He  lives  in  a  good  one-story  house,  lias  two  good  bams,  other  out- 
buildings and  a  nice  orchard.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  as  such  has 
filled  several  local  offices  of  trust  and  honor,  among  them  being 
the  ofiice  of  justice  of  the  peace,  which  he  filled  seven  years. 
March  12,  1841,  Jlr.  Foster  married  his  second  wife,  whose  maiden 
name  was  Mary  Maloney.  She  is  a  native  of  Tennessee,  and  the 
mother  of  the  following  children:  Eliza  Jane  (wife  of  M.  V.  Toombs), 
Hugh,  Nancy  E.  (wife  of  Frank  Chips),  Margaret  (wife  of  Joe 
Funk),  Mary  (wife  of  Hezekiah  Allen,  of  Kansas),  William,  Martha 
(wife  of  Reuben  Fultz,  Jr.),  John  B.  and  Emma  (deceased  wife  of 
William  Brown,  who  left  one  child).  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Foster  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South.  The  farm  is  now  being 
managed  by  Mr.  Foster' s  two  sons,  Hugh  and  John  B. ,  the  former  of 
whom  in  the  spring  of  1877  spent  some  three  years  in  Eastern  Ore- 
gon, engaged  in  the  stock  business.  He  passed  the  winter  of  1879  in 
California,  and  after  traveling  through  several  Territories  returned 
home  in  1880. 

Robert  Frazier  was  born  in  Ohio  County,  W.  Va. ,  June  23,  1823, 
and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Eleanor  (Robinson)  Frazier.  The  father 
was  born  in  Burkes  County,  Va.,  August  28,  1776,  and  was  of  Scotch 
descent.  His  father  was  a  captain- general  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 
The  mother  was  bom  in  Beaver  Coimty,  Penn. ,  February  5,  1878,  and 
was  of  Irish  descent.  Samuel  Frazier  was  married  in  Ohio  County, 
Va.,  March  29,  1798,  and  was  a  pioneer  settler  of  Virginia,  where 
until  late  years  there  was  a  fort  known  as  ' '  Frazier' s  Fort, ' '  in  honor 
of  Robert  Frazier' s  grandfather.  To  Samuel  Frazier  and  wife  twelve 
childi'en  were  bom,  of  whom  seven  are  still  living.  Elizabeth 
(Frazier)  McCoy  died  May  9,  1879,  and  her  death  was  the  first  in  the 
family  from  the  year  1800.  The  eldest  son  is  now  eighty-seven  years 
of  age,  and  the  youngest  (Robert  Frazier)  is  sisty-foui-.  Samuel 
Frazier  and  his  wife  died  March  31,  1850  and  July  25,  1850,  respec- 
tively, of  cholera.  There  are  several  keepsakes  in  the  family  now 
owned  by  our  subject,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  an  old  pocket- 
book  of  his  father' s  which  contains  an  old  $50  note,  and  a  pocketbook 
and  steelyards  brought  by  his  maternal  grandfather  from  Ireland  at  an 
early  day.  Robert  Frazier  was  reared  in  his  native  State  where  his 
parents  passed  their  entire  lives,  and  there  learned  the  miller's  trade 
of  his  father.  November  28,  1843,  he  wedded  Miss  Emily  E.  Knode, 
a  native  of  Ohio  County,  and  the  daughter  of  Samuel  Knode,  a  hotel 
keeper  and  farmer  of  that  county.  In  1851  he  went  to  Knox  County, 
Ohio,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  thirteen  years,  and  then  came  to  Har- 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  529 

rison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and  owns  a  well-stocked 
farm  of  160  acres,  and  is  classed  among  the  well-to-do  farmers.  ]\Ir. 
Frazier  is  a  EepublicaD,  and  under  Lincoln's  administration  served  as 
postmaster  for  five  years.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  All  the  childi'en  are  married,  and  belong  to  the 
Methodist  Church. 

William  Frazier  was  born  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  July  14,  1836. 
His  parents,  Andi'ew  and  Emily  (McCoy)  Frazier,  were  natives  of  Ohio 
County,  W.  Va.,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  and  Irish  descent,  respectively. 
They  were  married  August  13,  1825,  and  the  next  spring  moved  to 
Belmont  County,  Ohio,  and  afterward  lived  in  Muskingum  County 
several  years.  In  1854  they  moved  to  Knox  County,  Ohio,  and  in 
1878  came  to  "Akron  Settlement,"  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  the 
father  died  in  1880,  aged  seventy-six,  and  the  mother  in  1881,  aged 
seventy-three.  William  was  reared  and  received  a  limited  education 
in  his  native  State,  and  in  1861  was  wedded  to  Miss  Elizabeth  McClel- 
land, a  native  of  Knox  County,  Ohio,  and  daughter  of  John  and  Mar- 
garet (Williams)  McClelland.  In  1865  Mr.  Frazier  immigrated  to 
Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  purchased  his  present  place  where  he  has 
since  made  his  home.  From  raw  prairie  land  he  has  converted  this 
tract  into  one  of  the  well -cultivated  and  improved  farms  of  this  sec- 
tion of  the  country.  His  farm  contains  290  acres,  and  is  beautifully 
located  in  what  is  known  as  ' '  Akron  Settlement. ' '  During  the 
Rebellion  Mr.  Frazier  enlisted  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and 
Forty-second  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  served  on  picket  duty  but 
participated  in  no  regular  engagement.  He  is  a  Republican  in  poli- 
tics, and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frazier  four 
children  have  been  born,  three  of  whom  are  living:  Rosa  B. ,  William 
R.  (deceased),  Frances  E.  and  Lloyd.  Rosa  B.  is  the  wife  of  Rev. 
C.  C.  Hembree,  of  Kansas  City,  and  Frances  E. ,  the  wife  of  J.  D. 
Good.  Mr.  Frazier  and  wife  are  leading  and  active  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  the  former  is  an  elder. 

W.  L.  Frazier  was  born  in  Muskingum  County,  Ohio,  December 
5,  1837.  and  is  a  son  of  David  and  Mary  (Sisson)  Frazier,  natives  of 
Ohio  County,  W.  Va.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  and  after  his  marriage 
left  his  native  county,  and  engaged  in  farming  in  Muskingum  County, 
Ohio,  until  1869,  when  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  Both  him- 
self and  wife  were  worthy  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  now  lie  buried  in  Akron  graveyard  in  Harrison  County.  W.  L. 
Frazier  is  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  six  children,  four  of  whom  are 
living.     His  sister  is  a  resident  of  this  county,  one  brother  lives  in 


530  HAKKISON   COUNTY. 

Garden  Grove,  Iowa,  and  one  in  Hutchinson  County,  Dak.  He  was 
reared  in  Muskingum  County,  and  after  receiving  a  district  school 
education  attended  a  college  at  New  Concord  for  five  sessions.  July 
4,  1856,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Nancy  J.  McDonald, 
daughter  of  William  McDonald,  of  New  Concord,  Ohio.  In  1869 
Mr.  Frazier  accompanied  his  parents  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where 
he  farmed  until  1880,  since  which  time  he  has  been  employed  by  Mr. 
M.  F.  Oxford,  in  one  of  the  leading  mercantile  establishments  of 
Gainesville.  To  himself  and  wife  six  children  have  been  born,  two  of 
whom  are  living:  Carrie  O. ,  wife  of  L.  P.  Ammons,  of  Hutchinson 
County,  Dak. ,  and  Nettie  L. ,  a  teacher  at  Princeton,  in  the  interme- 
diate department  of  the  high  school.  Mr.  Frazier  is  a  prosperous 
citizen,  owning  one-tenth  interest  in  eighty  acres  of  real  estate  joining 
the  town  of  Cainesville,  and  a  nice  residence.  Himself,  wife  and 
youngest  daughter  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  his 
eldest  daughter  and  her  husband  belong  to  the  Presbyterian 
Church. 

John  A.  Frazier  was  born  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  in  1888,  and 
is  a  son  of  Andrew  and  Emily  (McCoy)  Frazier.  [See  sketch  of 
William  Frazier.]  He  accompanied  his  father  upon  his  journeys 
through  Ohio,  and  came  with  him  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  His  edu- 
cation was  limited  to  the  neighborhood  common  schools,  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty-one  he  began  life  for  himself,  by  working  upon  his 
father's  farm.  At  the  age  of  twenty  three  he  left  the  parental  roof 
and  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Twentieth  Ohio  Infantry.  He  was  in  the 
Government  service  three  years,  and  participated  in  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg,  Shiloh,  Fort  Donelson  and  many  other  battles.  During 
a  skirmish  near  Bolivar,  Tenn. ,  he  was  wounded  in  the  right  shoulder, 
where  the  ball  still  remains.  Upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  serv- 
ice, and  after  receiving  an  honorable  discharge,  Mr.  Frazier  returned 
to  Ohio,  and  in  1865  came  by  wagon  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where 
he  remained  one  year.  He  then  passed  another  year  in  Ohio,  after 
which  he  located  permanently  in  Clay  Township,  Mo. ,  where  he  has 
since  lived.  In  1867  Mr.  Frazier  married  Miss  Martha  J.  Morgan,  a 
native  of  Muskingum  County,  Ohio,  and  daughter  of  Richard  and 
Nancy  (McCann)  Morgan,  who  were  of  English  and  Irish  descent,  and 
had  a  family  of  nine  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living  and  residents 
of  Missouri.  The  mother  is  now  deceased,  but  the  father  lives  with 
Mrs.  Frazier,  and  is  eighty-two  years  of  age.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frazier 
have  had  four  children,  all  of  whom  died  in  childhood,  none  living 
over  the  age  of  three.     Bessie  died  suddenly  of  diphtheria  in  Septem- 


i 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  531 

ber,  1886,  aged  two  years  and  twenty- seven  days.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Frazier  are  highly  honored  citizens,  and  worthy  members  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church.  Mr.  Frazier  is  a  substantial  farmer,  having  320 
acres  of  well-situated,  improved  and  cultivated  land,  and  in  politics  he 
af&liates  with  the  Republican  party. 

Jonathan  Gary  Frisby,  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock  dealer  resid- 
ing at  Bethany,  was  born  April  30,  1817,  in  Muskingum  County, 
Ohio,  and  reared  in  Morgan  County  of  that  State.  He  moved  to  Mc- 
Lean County,  111.,  September  21,  1839,  where  he  resided  until  1860. 
He  then  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  purchased  a  small  farm, 
four  miles  east  from  Bethany,  which  he  improved  and  cleared,  and  to 
which  he  brought  his  family  in  the  spring  of  1861.  He  began  life 
for  himself  when  twenty-two  years  old  with  no  property,  but  is  now 
the  owner  of  several  tracts  of  land  near  Bethany,  besides  some  prop- 
erty in  a  distant  part  of  the  county,  in  all  amounting  to  about  900 
acres.  He  also  owns  three  houses  and  lots,  and  three  half  blocks  in 
Bethany,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  place. 
April  11,  1839,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  J.  Briggs,  who  was  born 
November  10,  1822,  and  is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  (Boles) 
Briggs,  natives  of  Morgan  County,  Ohio,  and  of  Irish  descent.  To 
this  union  eleven  children  have  been  born:  John  O.  (deceased),  Mary 
J.  (deceased),  Sarah  (deceased),  Thomas  (deceased),  James  O. ,  Adna 
H.,  Catherine  (wife  of  Dr.  Jackson  Walker),  Perry  J.,  Frank,  Ezra 
H.  and  Jennie.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frisby  are  members  of  no  church, 
but  incline  toward  the  Methodist  faith.  Mr.  Frisby  is  a  Republican 
in  politics,  and  October  22,  1861,  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Fifty- 
seventh  Missouri  State  Militia.  He  was  made  first  lieutenant  of  his 
company,  and  afterward  promoted  to  the  captaincy  of  Company 
D,  Fifty-seventh  Missouri  State  Militia,  serving  as  such  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  has  belonged  to  the  Masonic  fraternity  for  thirty- two 
years,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Blue  Lodge.  He  was  elected  to  the 
office  of  county  judge  of  Harrison  County  in  the  fall  of  1865,  and 
served  efficiently  as  such  four  years.  He  now  devotes  his  attention  to 
stock  raising  and  farming,  in  which  he  is  very  successful.  He  has 
one  brother,  Russel  E.,  who  died  in  1856,  and  one  sister,  Rebecca, 
who  married  Richard  Smith,  and  died  in  McLean  County,  111.,  in 
1844.  He  is  the  eldest  of  three  children  of  James  and  Catherine 
(Eveland)  Frisby,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  who  moved  to  Morgan 
Coiinty,  Ohio,  in  their  youth.  The  father  died  April  24,  1857,  in 
McLean  County,  111.,  aged  seventy-five.  The  mother  afterward  came 
to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  she  died  February   20,  1871,   aged 


532  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

eighty  years.  James  F.  enlisted  in  the  Indian  War  when  seventeen,  and 
served  as  teamster  under  Gen.  Harrison,  and  while  with  others  he  was 
carrying  supplies  to  the  soldiers  who  fought  in  the  battle  of  Tippe- 
canoe, was  taken  a  prisoner  with  the  rest.  He  and  two  others  were 
the  only  ones  of  those  captvired  who  succeeded  in  making  theh'  escape 
to  the  fort  of  the  guards  and  teamsters.  He  was  an  honored  and  up- 
right citizen  in  the  counties  where  he  resided,  and  a  son  of  Jonathan 
Carey  Frisby,  a  native  of  Germany.  Mrs.  Frisby  was  a  native  of 
England. 

James  Oscar  Frisby,  a  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Sherman  Town- 
ship, was  born  in  McLean  County,  111.,  November  24,  1843,  and  in 
the  fall  of  1861  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. 
July  1,  1879,  he  went  to  Kansas  and  engaged  in  the  cattle  business, 
but  a  year  later  returned  to  Harrison  County,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  began  life  for  himself  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  with 
160  acres  of  land,  but  has  increased  his  possessions  to  1,640  acres  of 
land,  nicely  improved  and  well  equipped  in  every  way  for  the  pursuit 
of  agriculture,  making  him  one  of  the  largest  land  holders  in  the 
county.  November  17,  1867,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Fair,  daughter 
of  Aaron  and  Elizabeth  Ann  (Kizer)  Fair,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Indiana, 
respectively.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frisby  three  children  have  been  born: 
Lecta,  John  A. ,  and  Carey  J.  Mr.  Frisby  is  a  Republican  in  politics, 
and  served  three  years  in  the  Union  army;  was  in  the  Forty-third 
Missouri  Volunteers,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  B.  He  is  the 
second  of  eleven  children  bom  to  J.  C.  and  Sarah  (Briggs)  Frisby 
[see  sketch],  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising  citizens  of  the  county. 

Ezra  H.  Frisby,  attorney  at  law,  of  Bethany,  Mo.,  is  a  native  of 
Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  was  born  four  miles  southeast  of  Bethany  Octo- 
ber 17,  1862,  and  is  a  son  of  Jonathan  C.  Frisby,  of  Bethany.  [See 
above.]  Ezra  lived  with  his  parents,  and  grew  to  manhood  in  this 
county,  during  which  time  he  received  a  good  English  education  in 
the  city  schools.  He  attended  a  select  course  one  year  at  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich. ,  graduating  fi-om  the  law  department  of  that  institute  in  March, 
1883.  He  commenced  to  practice  his  profession  in  company  with  S. 
W.  Vandivert  in  April  of  that  year,  and  in  1885  became  a  partner  of 
C.  S.  Winslow.  Since  1886  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  legal  profes- 
sion without  any  partner,  and  is  meeting  with  well  deserved  success, 
having  also  a  complete  set  of  abstracts  of  titles.  April  20,  1885,  he 
married  Miss  Eva  M.  Tucker,  a  native  of  this  county,  and  daughter  of 
James  G.  Tucker,  of  Independence,  Mo.  This  union  has  been  blessed 
with  two  children:  Lane  and  Maurice.     Mr.  Frisby  is  a  Republican 


BIOGKAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  533 

in  politics,  and  for  two  years  served  as  deputy  prosecuting  attorney. 
He  has  been  city  attorney  for  four  years,  and  is  now  ably  discharging 
the  duties  of  that  office.  He  is  a  Master  Mason,  a  Knight  of  Pythias, 
and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  rising  members  of  the  Hanison  County 
bar. 

B.  F.  Fulkerson  was  born  in  Lawrence  County,  Ind. ,  March  24, 
1820,  and  is  a  son  of  Isaac  and  Sarah  (Johnson)  Fulkerson,  natives  of 
Tennessee,  and  of  German  descent.  His  maternal  grandmother  was  a 
native  of  Germany,  and  when  a  young  man  his  father  went  to  Law- 
rence County,  Ind.,  where  he  married.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fulkerson  then 
began  their  wedded  life  in  that  county,  renting  a  farm,  which  they 
proceeded  to  cultivate.  At  the  close  of  one  day's  labor,  in  July,  1820, 
they  repaired  to  the  East  Fork  of  White  River  to  bathe.  The  mother 
entered  the  stream,  and,  stepping  too  far  into  a  sudden  declivity,  was 
unable  to  regain  safety.  Her  sister  gave  the  alarm  from  the  bank, 
and  her  husband  went  to  the  rescue,  but  was  unable  to  save  her,  and 
perished  himself  in  the  attempt.  B.  F.  Fulkerson  was  thus  left  an 
orphan  when  but  four  months  old,  and,  with  his  sister,  Mahala,  was 
taken  by  his  Grandfather  Fulkerson  to  be  reared.  When  he  was 
eleven  years  of  age  he  lost  his  grandfather,  and  afterward  remained 
with  his  grandmother,  whom  he  cared  for  until  he  came  to  Missouri 
in  the  spring  of  1856.  Ajjril  19,  1852,  Mr.  Fulkerson  was  married, 
in  Davis  County,  Ind.,  to  Mary  (Riggins)  Hutton,  widow  of  Joseph 
Hutton,  and  daughter  of  James  and  Margaret  (Edwards)  Riggins, 
which  union  was  blessed  with  two  sons :  Marcillus  T.  and  William  A. 
Hutton  (deceased).  The  former  is  now  a  resident  of  Harrison  County, 
Mo.  After  farming  in  Indiana  four  years  Mr.  Fulkerson  started  for 
Kansas.  Leaving  his  wife  and  three  children  in  Monroe  County,  Iowa, 
he  prospected  through  Missouri  quite  extensively,  and  located  upon 
his  present  place,  which  became  his  permanent  home.  His  valuable 
farm  of  240  acres  is  situated  on  Indian  Creek,  and  is  one  of  the  nicely 
improved  farms  of  this  vicinity.  Since  coming  to  Missouri  the  follow- 
ing three  children,  who  are  all  living,  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Fulkerson:  Sarah  (wife  of  A.  lusko,  was  born  in  Indiana),  Jasper, 
James  M.  and  Wilmer  A.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fulkerson  are  active  and 
useful  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  in  politics  the  former  is  a 
Repvablican. 

Nathaniel  Funk  was  born  in  Rockingham  County,  Va. ,  August  25, 
1826,  and  is  a  son  of  Martin  and  Elizabeth  (Meliza)  Funk,  also  natives 
of  that  county  and  State.  His  grandfather,  John  Funk,  was  born  in 
Pennsvlvania.  and  afterward  moved  to  Indiana  where  he  died.     He 


534  HAREISON   COUNTY. 

was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.     Martin  Funk  was  born  December 

25,  1800,  and  from  Virginia  moved  to  Perry  County,  Ohio,  and 
two  years  later  to  Sandusky  County,  where  he  spent  a  year  and  a 
half  at  which  time  he  was  joined  by  his  father,  and  located  in  Logan 
County.  Two  years  later  he  went  to  Allen  County  where  he  improved 
a  farm  and  passed  seven  years.  The  years  between  1840  and  1861 
he  lived  in  Henry  County,  Ind. ,  and  then  removed  to  Harrison  County, 
Mo.,  where  he  died  June  2,  1881.  His  wife  is  still  living,  as  are  also 
his  four  sons  and  four  daughters.  Nathaniel  grew  to  manhood  in 
Henry  County,  Ind.,  and  was  there  married  December  16,  1852,  to 
Eliza  Jane  Courtney,  after  which  he  farmed  in  that  county  until  com- 
ing to  Missoui'i  in  1865.  He  at  first  purchased  180  acres  where  he 
now  resides,  but  has  since  added  to  same  until  he  now  owns  440  acres, 
nearly  all  of  which  is  well  improved  and  cultivated.  Mr.  Funk  has 
been  twice  married,  and  is  the  father  of  the  following  children:  Joseph, 
Martin,  Margaret  (wife  of  James  W.  Sevier),  Riley  N. ,  Gillie  Ann, 
and  Samuel  T.  His  second  wife,  Catherine  Huffman,  was  born 
August  15,  1832,  in  Rockingham  County,  Va. ,  but  mostly  reared  in 
Henry  County,  Ind.  She  was  united  in  matrimony  to  Mr.  Funk, 
February  25,  1868,  and  is  the  mother  of  three  children.  Mr.  Funk 
is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  but  for  township  and  county  offices  always 
votes  for  the  best  man  regardless  of  party  affiliations.  Mrs.  Funk  is 
a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

^\'illiam  H.  H.  Gillespie,  sheriff  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  was 
born  in  Jackson  County,  Ohio,  June  22,  1842,  and  is  the  son  of  Will- 
iam B.  and  Rhoda  (Miller)  Gillespie,  the  former  of  Ohio,  and  the 
latter  a  native  of  Virginia.  The  father  imnigrated  to  Missouri  in 
1844,  and  soon  after  located  upon  a  farm  in  Cypress  Township  near 
where  he  now  resides,  being  the  oldest  citizen  of  the  place.  William 
H.  H.  was  reared  upon  his  father's  farm  in  Han'ison  County,  but  during 
his  youth  received  no  education.  Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  war 
he  entered  the  Union  army  as  a  private  in  Company  F,  Second  Mis- 
soui'i Cavalry,  in  which  he  served  until  1862.  In  1863  he  re-enlisted 
in  Company  I,  First  Missouri  State  Militia,  and  served  as  a  private 
until  severely  wounded  in  the  left  arm  at  Lexington,  Mo. ,  which  com- 
pelled him  to  have  his  arm  amputated  near  the  shoulder.  Seeing 
that  farming  was  thenceforth  impracticable  he  prepared  himself  for 
teaching,  which  occupation  he  engaged  in  continuously  until  1886. 
He  was  then  elected  sheriff  upon  the  Republican  ticket,  and  is  now 
faithfully  discharging  the  duties  of  this  office.  In  1868  he  manied 
Hannah  A.   Sutton,  a  native  of  Ohio,  by  whom  he  had  three  children: 


BIOGEAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  535 

Alma  L. ,  Florence  Ethel  and  Charles  L.  Rlr.  Gillespie  has  always 
been  a  stanch  Republican  and  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and 
A.  O.  U.  W.  Himself  and  wife  are  united  with  the  Christian 
.Church. 

Miles  S.  Gillidett,  ex-sheriff  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  was  born 
in  Delaware  County,  N.  Y.,  in  1841,  and  the  following  year  was  taken 
to  Litchfield  County,  Conn. ,  by  his  mother,  who  went  to  live  with  one 
of  her  sisters,  William  Gillidett,  the  father  of  Miles  S.,  having  died 
soon  after  the  latter  was  born.  He  continued  to  make  his  home  with 
his  aunt,  in  Connecticut,  until  his  mother,  Rebecca  (Hollock)  Gilli- 
dett, married  a  Mr.  William  Small,  of  Dutchess  County,  N.  Y. ,  in 
18-45.  The  same  year  he  went  with  his  parents  to  Wisconsin, 
remained  there  part  of  one  year,  and  returned  to  the  old  home  in 
New  York,  where  they  continued  to  live  until  1856,  then  moving  to 
Carroll  County,  111. ,  where  Miles  S.  resided  until  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany C,  Ninety-second  Illinois  Volunteers.  In  the  fall  of  1862  he  went 
with  his  regiment  to  the  fi'ont,  and  remained  with  it  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  In  July,  1865,  he  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  at 
Greensboro,  N.  C,  and  discharged  at  Chicago  soon  afterward.  He 
was  with  Gen.  Sherman  upon  his  march  to  the  sea,  and  was  with  his 
regiment  in  all  the  battles  in  which  it  participated,  from  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  taken  prisoner  at 
the  battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  placed  in  prison  at  Marietta,  Ga., 
with  other  comrades,  but  was  recaptured  by  a  dash  of  his  own  com- 
mand (Kilpatrick' s  cavalry)  into  the  town,  and  set  at  liberty  before  the 
rebels  had  time  to  send  him  South.  After  being  discharged  he  joined 
his  parents  in  Iowa,  whither  they  had  moved  while  he  was  in  the 
army.  He  lived  in  Iowa  until  June,  1867,  having  married  in  the 
meantime  Miss  Mary  J.,  the  daughter  of  Gideon  Rathbone,  of  Har- 
din County,  Iowa,  in  1866.  The  next  year  they  moved  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo. ,  and  have  since  lived  here,  except  for  about  six  months, 
in  1880,  when  Mr.  Gillidett  went  to  Leadville,  Colo.  He  was  in  that 
city  prior  to  and  during  the  time  of  the  Mike  Mooney  strike,  or  riot, 
and  was  elected  captain  of  the  State  militia,  participating  in  Lead- 
ville's  dark  days — the  quelling  of  that  riot.  He  returned  home  to 
Bethany,  Mo.,  in  August,  1880,  and  was  appointed  city  marshal, 
which  position  he  continued  to  hold  unti'  he  was  elected  sheriff  of 
the  county  in  November,  1882.  Prior  to  his  election  as  sheriff  he  had 
served  continuoiisly  as  deputy  sheriff  under  Graham,  Garrison  and 
Barker,  his  predecessors — eight  years  in  all.  He  served  four  years  as 
sheriff  with  credit  to  himself  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  a  large  majority 


536  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

of  the  people  of  his  county.  After  his  second  term  had  expired,  Decem- 
ber 1,  1886,  he  moved  to  his  farm,  three  miles  north  of  Bethany,  con- 
sisting of  240  acres  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  where  he  expects  to 
live  until  he  shall  be  gathered  home  to  his  fathers.  Mr.  and  M13. 
Gillidett,  and  Gideon,  their  second  son,  all  belong  to  the  Christian 
Chui-ch,  Miles  S.  being  one  of  the  elders  of  that  church  at  Bethany. 
The  family  is  a  large  one,  consisting  of  five  sons  and  three  daughters. 
He  is  also  a  Knight  Templar  in  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  also 
belongs  to  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  in  which  he  is  a  Select  Knight.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

S.  H.  Glaze  was  born  in  Wood  County,  Va. ,  in  1816,  and  is  a  son 
of  John  and  Annie  (Wolf)  Glaze,  who  were  of  German  and  English 
descent,  respectively.  The  mother  was  born  in  Delaware,  reared  in 
Virginia,  and  was  a  daughter  of  Reese  and  Sarah  (Prettyman)  Wolfe. 
The  father  was  a  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Hynzeman)  Glaze,  and 
spent  his  life  farming.  He  moved  to  West  Highland  County,  Ohio, 
where  he  died,  and  his  widow  survived  him  above  seven  years,  her  death 
occurring  in  1879.  Both  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  as  were  their  parents  before  them.  They  both  reached  the 
advanced  age  of  eighty,  and  were  the  parents  of  six  children.  ]Mr. 
Glaze  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  S.  H.  Glaze  was  reared 
upon  his  father's  farm  in  Highland  County,  and  when  of  age  began 
life  for  himself.  He  first  engaged  in  farming  upon  a  small  piece  of 
land  he  had  purchased  in  Highland  County.  He  was  united  in 
marriage,  August  22,  1838,  to  Miss  Sarah  Millburn,  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  Millburn.  In 
1857,  by  which  time  they  had  accumulated  several  thousand  dollars, 
Ml-,  and  Mrs.  Glaze  sold  their  property,  and  moved  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo.,  where  they  have  since  resided.  They  have  had  nine 
childi-en,  five  of  whom  are  living:  Thomas  W.,  Samuel  N. ,  Daniel  R., 
Sarah  A.  and  Lydia  L.,  who  are  married  and  living  in  Harrison 
County.  During  his  thu'ty  years'  residence  here  Mr.  Glaze  has  estab- 
lished a  high  reputation  for  integrity  and  honor,  and  since  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Cainesville  Bank  has  been  its  president.  He  has  640 
acres  of  weU-improved  land  in  his  homestead,  and  owns  in  all  about 
1,500  acres  (after  giving  his  childi'en  from  300  to  500  acres  each), 
which  is  fenced  and  mostly  improved.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  over  twenty  years,  and  himself,  wife  and  two  daughters, 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Republican,  and  for  twelve  years  he  served  his  township  as  a  justice 
of  the  peace. 


BIOGKAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  537 

Samuel  N.  Glaze  was  born  in  Highland  County,  Ohio,  in  March, 
1843,  and  is  a  son  of  S.  H.  Glaze  [see  above].  He  spent  his  boyhood  in 
his  native  county,  and  in  1857  accompanied  his  father  to  Missoiiri. 
During  the  war  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Forty-third  Missouri  Vol- 
unteer Infantry  under  Col.  Harding,  and  served  from  the  13th  of 
August,  1864,  until  the  last  of  June  of  the  following  year.  After 
returning  home  he  bought  a  half  interest  in  a  saw  mill  upon  Grand 
River  with  W.  C.  Baker,  which  he  operated  from  1869  until  1876. 
He  then  turned  his  attention  to  farming,  which  has  since  been  his  main 
occupation,  although  since  1881  he  has  conducted  a  flouring-mill  in 
connection  with  his  farm  interests.  He  owns  339  acres  of  well 
stocked  and  improved  land  in  the  home  place,  and  forty  acres  near 
Madison  Township,  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county. 
April  2,  1873,  he  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Kinion,  daughter  of  John 
Kinion,  of  Gainesville  [see  sketch].  This  union  has  been  blessed  with 
four  children:  Oscar,  Bertram,  Carl  and  Gary  Austin,  who  died  in 
infancy.  In  politics  Mr.  Glaze  is  a  Eepublican,  and  is  one  of  the 
highly  honored  and  respected  citizens  of  the  vicinity  in  which  he  lives. 

J.  H.  Goodwin  was  born  in  1846  in  Putnam  County,  Ind. ,  and 
when  two  years  old  went  to  Davis  County,  Ind.,  and  from  there  to 
Monroe  County  in  1857.  January  2,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D, 
Fifty-ninth  Indiana  Infantry,  in  which  he  was  corporal,  and  served 
until  mustered  out  July  27,  1865,  at  Indianapolis,  Ind,  He  then 
came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  and  engaged  in  farming  until  1880, 
when  he  engaged  in  business  at  Cainesville.  June  15,  1881,  he 
embarked  in  the  general  mercantile  business  at  his  present  location  in 
Eidgeway.  Although  he  began  life  for  himself  when  a  boy  with  no 
capital,  he  now  owns  a  fine  sti)ck  of  goods,  his  store  room  and  eighty 
acres  of  well  improved  land.  August  27,  1865,  he  married  Miss  Har- 
riet J.  Baker,  by  whom  eight  children  have  been  born:  Thomas  E., 
Lillie  H. ,  James  Guy,  Frederick  A.,  Bruce,  Mary  V.  (deceased), 
Eosa  (deceased)  and  Willie  (deceased.)  Mrs.  Goodwin  is  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Goodwin  is  a  Eepublican 
in  politics,  and  has  served  as  mayor  of  Eidgeway  and  in  several  other 
official  capacities.  He  is  the  third  of  four  children  of  Seth  and 
Nancy  (Morgan)  Goodwin,  early  settlers  of  Monroe  County,  Ind.  Mr. 
and  Mi's.  Goodwin  both  died  in  the  fall  of  1848  of  cholera,  and  the 
same  disease  took  away  the  grandfather  and  sister  at  the  same  time. 
Mr.  Goodwin  was  about  thirty-eight  at  the  time  of  his  death,  and  he 
was  a  son  of  Seth  Goodwin. 

Charles  H.   Golding,  farmer,  stock  raiser,   and  by  trade    a   stone 

34 


538  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

mason  and  plasterer,  was  born  in  1838  near  St.  John,  N.  B. ,  and  at 
the  age  of  nine  accompanied  his  parents  to  Aurora,  111.  About  1852 
he  went  to  Lee  County,  111. ,  and  in  January,  1867,  to  Worth  County, 
Mo. ,  where  he  settled  four  miles  north  of  Allendale,  and  engaged  in 
farming  until  his  removal  September  3,  1873,  to  his  present  place  in 
Harrison  County,  Mo.  When  of  age  he  learned  the  above  named  trade, 
which  he  has  since  followed  in  connection  with  his  farming,  and 
although  he  began  life  for  himself  when  but  a  boy  foiu-teen  years  old 
he  is  now  comfortably  fixed  upon  a  farm  of  his  own  containing  120 
acres  of  good  land.  In  Augiist,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  K, 
Seventy-fifth  Illinois  Infantry,  and  served  until  mustered  out  in  July, 
1865.  October  8,  1862,  he  was  wounded  at  Perryville,  Ky. ,  and  sent 
to  the  hospital  at  New  Albany,  Ind.  January  1,  1866,  he  mamed 
Miss  Helen  Morse,  who  was  born  near  Waterford,  N;  Y. ,  in  1844, 
and  is  a  daughter  of  Merrit  A.  and  Alida  (Van  Olinda)  Morse,  also 
natives  of  New  York,  and  of  English  and  German  descent  respect- 
ively. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Golding  four  childi-en  have  been  born; 
William  M. ,  George  A. ,  Charles  H.  and  Frank  M.  Mr.  Golding  is  a 
Democrat  in  politics,  and  in  1878  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace,  in 
which  office  he  served  two  years,  and  then  in  April,  1881,  was 
re-elected,  and  also  in  1883,  after  which  he  served  two  years,  and  in 
1887  was  again  elected  to  the  same  office.  He  is  a  Master  Mason  and 
his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  is  the 
fourth  of  eleven  children  born  to  William  and  Sarah  (Purdy)  Golding, 
natives  of  New  Brunswick  and  of  English  descent.  The  father  of 
Mrs.  Golding  was  a  son  of  Milton  and  Fannie  (Gould)  Morse,  the 
former  of  whom  served  in  the  War  of  1812.  Mrs.  Alida  Morse  was  a 
daughter  of  Daniel  and  Eleanor  Van  Olinda.  The  father  and  mother 
of  our  subject  died  January  13,  1883,  aged  seventy-three,  and  July 
20,  1878,  aged  sixty-five  years,  respectively. 

David  Goucher  was  born  in  Ripley  County,  Ind. ,  in  1830,  moved 
to  Kankakee  County,  111.,  in  1852,  and  in  1855  he  came  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo. ,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  started  out  in  life  for 
himself  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  with  no  capital,  but  through  industry 
and  good  business  ability  has  become  the  owner  of  405  acres  of  finely 
improved  land,  and  is  one  of  the  well-to-do  farmers  and  stock  raisers 
of  the  county.  In  April,  1852,  he  married  Miss  Susan  Stuart, 
daughter  of  Hall  and  Jane  (Collins)  Stuart,  natives  of  Ohio  and  New 
Hampshire,  respectively.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Goucher  the  following 
children  have  been  born :  Samuel,  Bell,  Mary,  Ella,  Albert,  Eeuben, 
Melissa  (deceased)  and  William.     Mr.   Goucher  is  a  Republican   in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  539 

politics,  and  in  the  summer  of  1861  enlisted  in  the  Missouri  State 
Home  Guards,  then  served  in  the  Missouri  State  Militia  six  months, 
and  March  4,  1862,  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Sixth  Missouri  Cavalry 
as  a  jsrivate.  July  22,  1863,  he  was  made  second  lieixtenant  of  his 
company,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  His 
regiment  was  veteranized  in  March,  1864,  as  Company  C,  Thirteenth 
Missouri  Cavalry,  and  he  commanded  in  same  until  mustered  out  May 
29,  1865,  at  Waynesville,  Mo.  Mrs.  Goucher  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church,  and  Mr.  Goucher  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  To 
the  parents  of  our  subject,  Samuel  P.  and  Jane  (Vanzile)  Goucher, 
natives  of  New  York  State  and  Holland,  respectively,  seven  childi-en 
were  born,  of  whom  David  is  the  sixth.  The  father  was  a  soldier  in 
the  War  of  1812,  and  served  as  county  judge  of  the  county  in  Indiana 
in  which  he  resided  as  long  as  he  would  accept  the  office.  His  wife 
was  a  daughter  of  Abraham  Vanzile,  and  emigrated  from  Holland  to 
the  United  States  before  Mrs.  Goucher  was  grown. 

Nathan  Graham  was  born  in  Jackson  Coimty,  Ohio,  in  1844,  upon 
the  4th  of  April,  and  is  the  son  of  Jehiel  and  Rebecca  (Gilliland) 
Graham,  natives  of  the  same  county,  where  they  were  married.  The 
father  was  a  successful  farmer  in  those  days,  and  died  in  his  native 
county,  where  his  widow  resides  upon  the  old  homestead  with  her 
youngest  son,  Willis.  Nathan  is  one  of  a  family  of  nine  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living.  He  was  reared  at  home  with  few  educa- 
tional advantages,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  enlisted  in  Company  E, 
Eighty-seventh  Ohio  Infantry,  in  which  he  served  four  months,  and 
although  he  participated  in  no  regular  engagement  he  was  taken  pris- 
oner at  Harper's  Ferry.  He  was  paroled  at  Delaware,  Ohio,  and  soon 
after  discharged.  He  then  returned  home  and  resumed  farming,  and 
in  September,  1862,  went  to  Cole  County,  111.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
three  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  Castor,  a  native  of  Allegheny 
County,  Penn. ,  and  daughter  of  Sampson  P.  Castor,  a  prominent  farmer 
of  Jackson  County,  but  now  a  resident  of  Allegheny  County,  Penn. 
In  1876  Mr.  Graham  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  owns 
293  acres  of  good  land,  and  is  classed  among  the  thrifty  and  enter- 
prising farmers  of  the  county.  To  himself  and  wife  six  children  have 
been  born:  Sampson,  Luetta,  Jehiel,  Bertie,  Alfred  and  Leona. 
Mr.  Graham  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E. 

Reuben  Gray,  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Grant  Town- 
ship, was  born  in  Caledonia  County,  Vt. ,  October  30,  1839,  and  is  the 
son  of  Reuben  and  Anna  (Miles)  Gray,  who  were  also  natives  of  that 
State,  and  remained  there  while  they  lived.     The  mother  died  when 


540  HAEKISON    COUNTY. 

Reuben  was  only  thii-teea  years  of  age,  and  his  father  shortly  after 
married  again,  but  the  second  wife  died  a  few  years  later.  Jonathan 
Gray,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  of  English  descent,  and  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  Wai\  Owing  to  the  poverty  of  his  parents 
Mr.  Gray  was  unable  to  attend  school  more  than  a  few  months,  and 
when  thirteen  years  of  age  learned  the  millwright  trade.  Three  years 
later  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  in  1861  was  married  to  Sliss  Siba  A. , 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  Meservy,  formerly  of  Vermont, 
though  All's.  Gray  was  born  in  Illinois.  This  union  has  resulted  in 
nine  children,  six  of  whom  are  living:  Joseph  M. ,  Sylva  (dead); 
Jacob  A.,  William  A.,  Hattie  S.,  Barber  E.  (dead),  Mary  E.,  Clara 
Belle  (dead),  and  Siba  A.  In  1871  Mr.  Gray  went  to  Harrison  County, 
where  he  located  near  Ridgeway,  and  managed  a  saw  mill  for  about 
two  years,  also  having  charge  of  mills  in  Grundy,  Daviess  and  Livings- 
ton Counties;  since  that  time,  however,  he  has  devoted  all  his  time  to 
farming,  and  has  about  370  acres  of  improved  land  in  one  farm, 
besides  ninety  in  other  tracts.  He  has  held  several  township  offices, 
and  politically  is  a  Republican,  having  cast  his  first  vote  for  Lincoln, 
in  1860.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  both  he  and 
his  wife  are  connected  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Gray 
commenced  life  as  a  poor  boy,  and  by  hard  work,  perseverance  and 
good  management  has  risen  to  his  present  prosperity,  and  has  done 
not  a  little  for  the  intellectual,  moral  and  religious  development  of  his 
neighborhood,  having  done  what  he  could  under  his  circumstances. 

Jackson  Green,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  was  born  in  Hocking  County, 
Ohio,  in  1825,  and  is  the  third  and  eldest  living  child  of  Richard  and 
Maiy  (Plunk)  Green,  who  had  a  family  of  five  sons  and  four  daugh- 
ters. The  father  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  the  mother  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. Early  in  life  the  latter  went  to  Ohio,  where  she  was  married,  and 
she  and  her  husband  lived  until  about  sixty-four  years  of  age.  He 
was  a  farmer,  a  Democrat  during  his  entire  life,  and  for  some  time 
served  as  constable.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Black  Hawk  War.  The 
mother  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church.  Jackson  Green  was 
reared  upon  a  farm,  but  received  only  a  limited  education  as  his  father 
lost  his  property  by  going  security  for  an  acquaintance,  and  was  obliged 
to  abandon  the  idea  of  educating  his  children,  and  move  upon  cheaper 
lands  where  there  were  no  schools.  Upon  reaching  manhood,  Jackson 
learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  seven  years.  In 
1853  he  married  Esther  K.  Lowtridge,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Cathe- 
rine (Donahue)  Lowtridge,  and  a  native  of  Athens  County,  Ohio,  born 
in  1833.    Her  parents  were  natives  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  respect- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  541 

ively,  and  reared  a  family  of  six  sons  and  two  daughters.  The  father 
was  a  farmer,  and  both  himself  and  wife,  Methodists.  In  1856  Mr. 
.  Green  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  located  upon  his  present 
farm  of  516  acres.  Mr.  Green  was  very  poor  at  that  time,  and  obliged 
to  make  his  own  furniture,  but  by  persistent  efforts  and  good  manage- 
ment has  become  a  well-to-do  man,  although  at  one  time  he  lost  $4,000 
in  the  manner  in  which  his  father  lost  his  property.  Previous  to  the 
war  he  was  a  Democrat,  but  since  that  time  has  been  a  Repub- 
lican. In  1861  he  enlisted  in  "  Merrill's  Horse  "  or  the  Second  Mis- 
souri Cavalry,  and  served  over  three  years  as  quartermaster  and 
commissary  sergeant.  He  was  mustered  out  at  St.  Louis  in  1864,  and 
is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 

Isaac  Grenawalt  was  born  in  Hardin  County,  Ky. ,  December  20, 
1817,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Rachel  (Logston)  Grenawalt,  descend- 
ants of  Germany.  Upon  their  marriage  they  moved  to  a  farm  in 
Hardin  County,  Ky.  Isaac,  the  sixth  child  of  a  family  of  eleven  boys 
and  three  girls,  worked  on  a  farm  until  he  was  twenty,  then  in  the 
fall  of  1837  took  a  flat  boat  for  New  Orleans,  La.,  where  he  went  to 
work  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  until  the  fall  of  1839.  He  then  visited 
Texas,  volunteered  to  fight  Indians,  and  during  the  conflict  received  a 
wound.  He  was  in  Texas  eighteen  months,  then  returned  to  New 
Orleans  where  he  finished  his  apprenticeship  in  the  summer  of  1844. 
Soon  after  he  went  to  Nashville,  Tenn. ,  and  while  there  worked  at  his 
trade.  In  the  fall  of  1845  he  retraced  his  steps  to  the  parental  home 
in  Hardin  County,  Ky.  He  was  absent  eight  years  and  six  months, 
still  working  at  his  trade.  July  8,  1847,  Mr.  Grenawalt  wedded  Miss 
Mary  Bu^nt,  after  which  they  commenced  housekeeping  at  Louisville, 
Ky.  He  followed  his  trade  until  October  26,  1849,  when  he  took  a 
boat  for  Keokuk,  Iowa,  moving  thence  to  Jefferson  County,  Iowa, 
November  2.  He  then  worked  at  carpentering,  and  while  there 
entered  eighty  acres  of  land.  In  the  spring  of  1855  he  sold  out,  and 
in  the  fall  of  1855  immigrated  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he 
arrived  October  17,  1855,  and  soon  entered  160  acres  of  land  where  he 
now  lives.  During  the  war  he  belonged  to  the  Home  Guards.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Grenawalt  have  had  six  sons  and  three  daughters,  of  whom 
three  sons  and  one  daughter  are  now  deceased.  Mr.  Grenawalt  is  a 
Democrat  and  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 
Mrs.  Grenawalt  belongs  to  the  United  Brethren  Church.  He  is  a  well- 
to-do  man,  and  the  owner  of  240  acres  of  good  land. 

D.  M.  Greenwood  was  born  March  3,  1837,  in  Indiana,  and  is  a 
son  of  Henry  and  Margaret  (Stoneburner)  Greenwood,  natives  of  Vir- 


542  HARBISON    COUNTY. 

ginia,  and  of  German  descent.  The  father  was  a  brick -ma  son  by 
trade,  but  made  farming  his  chief  occupation.  He  lived  some  time 
in  Ohio,  and  from  there  went  to  Indiana.  Next  he  went  to  Kichland 
County,  111. ,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  until  his  death  .  He  was 
a  soldier  in  the  war  in  1861,  serving  as  bugler,  and  to  himself  and 
wife  ten  children  were  born,  nine  of  whom  are  living,  some  in  Illinois, 
Missouri  and  Oregon.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Greenwood  both  lived  to  the 
advanced  age  of  sixty,  and  are  buried  side  by  side  in  Richland  County, 
111.  D.  M.  Greenwood  was  principally  reared  in  Indiana  and  Illinois, 
and  when  of  age  began  life  for  himself  by  driving  cattle  and  break- 
ing prairie  land.  He  afterward  went  to  Denver,  Colo.,  where  he 
was  unfortunate  and  lost  all  his  earnings.  He  then  returned  home, 
and  for  about  two  years  worked  in  a  saw  mill  owned  by  his  brother- 
in-law.  During  the  war  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Sixth  Illinois 
Cavalry,  Col.  Ben.  Grierson's  command,  under  Isaac  Gipson,  and 
served  three  years.  He  was  with  Grant  during  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Springfield,  111.,  after  which  he 
returned  home.  While  at  home  upon  a  furlough  he  was  maiTied. 
August  20,  1863,  to  Miss  Hester  Ann  Marshall,  a  native  of  Benton 
County,  Ky.,  and  after  his  marriage  lived  five  years  in  Illinois.  After 
spending  a  year  in  Lafayette  County,  Mo.,  he  came  to  Harrison 
County,  where  he  owns  176J  acres  in  the  home  tract  and  100  acres 
in  pasture  and  timber  land.  His  farm  is  situated  in  Akron  settle- 
ment, Clay  Township,  where  he  is  considered  one  of  the  substantial 
farmers.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  seven  of  their  twelve  children  are  now  living:  Lorenzo  S.,  Mar- 
garet, Annie,  Amy  A.,  Adam,  Eve,  Jennie  and  Claude.  In  politics 
Mr.  Greenwood  is  a^Democrat. 

James  A.  Hagan  was  born  in  Grayson  County,  Ky.,  September 
29,  1819,  and  is  a  son  of  George  W.  and  Catherine  (Simpson)  Hagan, 
both  natives  of  Kentucky.  The  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  "War  of 
1812  under  Gen.  Jackson,  and  passed  his  life  engaged  in  farming  in 
Kentucky.  While  upon  a  trip  to  New  Orleans  upon  a  flat  boat  he  was 
taken  ill  and  died,  his  burial  place  being  at  the  town  of  Smithson, 
upon  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River.  His  wife  was  buried  in  Har- 
din County,  Ky. ;  both  were  devout  members  of  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic Church.  James  A.  is  the  only  survivor  of  a  family  of  five  boys 
and  one  girl.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  State,  and  married  there,  in 
Washington  County,  April  5,  1842,  to  Miss  Mary  R.  Montgomery,  a 
native  of  that  county.  For  twelve  years  they  made  Kentucky  their 
home,    Mr.  Hagan  during  that  time  working  at   his   trade — that  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  543 

stonemasonry — and  engaging  in  farming.  In  1853  he  immigrated  to 
Knox  County,  Mo.,  -where  he  engaged  in  the  same  labor  for  two  years, 
and  in  1854  entered  land  in  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  whither  he  moved 
his  family  in  1855.  He  now  owns  285  acres  of  finely  improved  land 
in  Clay  Township,  Harrison  County,  and  is  a  well-to-do  man.  He 
has  greatly  assisted  in  the  advancement  of  the  county,  has  improved 
several  places,  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  twenty-five  years,  and  has 
also  been  assessor  of  his  township.  Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the 
Boman  Catholic  Chu.rch,  and  to  their  union  thirteen  children  have 
been  born,  nine  of  whom  are  living:  George  W.,  Mary  (wid()W  of  C.  E. 
Roberts),  Charles  T. ,  Matilda  E.  (widow  of  Henry  Nelson),  Annie  E. , 
James  R. ,  Lena  R.  and  Alice  A. 

C.  T.  Hagan  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Ky.,  January  17, 

1849,  and  lived  upon  his  father's  farm  until  twenty-four  years  of  age. 
December  25,  1872,  he  wedded  Miss  Dollie  Chambers,  daughter  of 
Isaiah  Chambers,  and  then  lived  upon  his  father's  place  about  six 
years,  after  which  he  passed  two  years  upon  Mr.  Chambers"  farm. 
He  then  bought  land  in  Clay  Township,  and  now  owns  100  acres  in  the 
home  tract  and  100  acres  in  Section  1,  Clay  Township.  His  wife  is  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  Chui'ch,  and  he  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  P. 
Lodge  at  Cainesville,  and  in  politics  is  a  Democrat.  To  himself  and 
wife  four  children  have  been  born,  three  of  whom  are  living:  Orion, 
Orval  (deceased),  Benjamin  C    and  Merl. 

James  P.  Hamilton  was  born  in  Green  County,  Ky.,  March  1, 
1840,  and  is  a  son  of  Dr.  John  B.  Hamilton  and  Caroline  (Sanders) 
Hamilton.  The  father  was  a  successful  medical  practitioner,  who 
came  to  Missouri  about  1846,  and  died  in  Daviess  County,  Mo. ,  about 

1850.  By  the  mother  of  James  P.  the  following  children  were  born : 
William  H.  Hamilton,  John  B.,  Oscar  and  Wood  H.  By  the  father's 
first  marriage  there  are  one  son  and  one  daughter  living:  Dr.  T.  L. 
Hamilton  and  Catherine,  wife  of  James  Miles.  James  P.  lived  with 
his  parents  until  the  death  of  his  father,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
he  become  proficient  in  the  tinner's  trade.  He  came  to  Bethany  in 
1859,  and  in  1860  started  in  business  for  himself  in  which  he  was  not 
successful.  The  same  year  he  met  with  an  accident  which  caused  the 
loss  of  his  lower  right  limb.  Having  accumulated  a  small  amount  of 
money  by  1865  he  engaged  in  the  hardware  business,  which  for  the 
past  twenty  years  he  has  continued  with  success,  and  although  he 
started  with  but  little  capital,  is  now  one  of  the  owners  of  the  largest 
and  best  stocked  store  in  his  line  in  Northern  Missouri,  outside  of 
St.  Joseph.     The  building  is  a  two-story  brick  including  basement. 


544  HAEEISON    COUNTY. 

and  is  situated  on  South  Street,  near  the  southwest  corner  of  the 
square.  In  1884  Mr.  Albert  Stubbs  became  a  partner  in  the  business. 
October  30,  1860,  Mr.  Hamilton  married  Collistie  E.  Allen,  a  native 
of  Overton  County,  Tenn.,  by  whom  he  has  four  children:  Lullie  B., 
wife  of  William  C.  Rose;  Lillie  G.,  deceased  in  1880;  Stephen  Earl, 
Lura  and  Carl.  Mr.  Hamilton  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and 
A.  O.  U.  W.  Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  Church.  Mr. 
Albert  D.  Stubbs  was  born  in  Fulton  County,  Ind.,  September  19, 
1847,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Toner)  Stubbs,  natives 
of  Kentucky  and  Pennsylvania.  The  father  is  still  a  resident  of  Ful- 
ton County,  Ind.,  where  Albert  was  reared  upon  a  farm.  At  the  age 
of  twenty  he  left  home,  and  after  following  various  occupations  in 
Illinois,  came  to  Bethany  in  1870.  In  1884  he  became  a  partner  in 
the  hardware  business  of  J.  P.  Hamilton,  and  is  now  a  member  of 
that  well  known  firm.  October  1,  1874,  he  married  Frances  McClure, 
a  native  of  Virginia,  by  whom  four  children  have  been  born:  Louis  S., 
Bettie  E.  (deceased  1880),  Fred  and  Glen.  Mrs.  Stubbs  has  one  daugh- 
ter by  her  former  marriage  with  Joseph  McClure  (deceased).  Mrs. 
Stubbs'  maiden  name  was  Ford,  and  the  daughter,  Lottie,  is  now  the 
wife  of  E.  R.  Durham.  Mr.  Stubbs  is  a  Republican,  and  has  held  the 
offices  of  township  and  city  collector,  and  has  also  been  township 
trustee.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. ,  and  having  served  six 
months  in  the  United  States  army,  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred 
and  Fifty-fifth  Indiana  Volunteer  Infantry,  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 
Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  Church. 

Hannibal  Harrison,  a  pioneer  settler  of  Han'ison  County,  Mo.,  is 
of  English  descent  upon  the  paternal  side  of  the  family.  His  great- 
great-grandfather  immigrated  to  New  York  State  from  England,  in 
1720,  and  worked  at  the  silversmith's  trade.  He  taught  the  fii'st 
English  school  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y. ,  and  was  drowned  while  cross- 
ing the  Mohawk  River.  The  great- OTandfather  was  a  weaver  bv  trade, 
and  had  four  sons:  Thomas,  Herman,  Peter  and  Philip.  Herman 
left  three  children:  Henry,  Hannah,  and  Elizabeth,  who  lost  her  life 
by  drowning  while  upon  a  pleasure  trip  on  New  York  Bay.  Henry 
Harrison,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  a  native  of  New  York  State 
and  his  wife  of  French  descent  and  born  in  Montgomery  County,  N.  Y. 
Henry  Harrison  assisted  in  laying  the  townships  of  St.  Lawrence 
County,  N.  Y.,  and  in  an  early  day,  1819,  immigrated  to  Clermont, 
Ohio,  remaining  eleven  years  in  that  State  engaged  in  coopering.  In 
1830  he  went  to  Kentucky,  and  for  five  years  engaged  in  farming  in 
Bracken  County.     They  afterward  lived  in  Decatur  County,  Ind.,  for 


BIOGEAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  545 

ten  years,  first  locating  upon  Government  land.  From  there  they 
came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  both  died  and  were  buried. 
The  father  was  a  Baptist,  and  the  mother  a  life- long  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church.  Hannibal  Harrison  received  his  early  education 
in  Clermont  County,  Ohio,  and  became  very  proficient  in  mathematics. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-nine  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in 
1845,  taught  the  first  school  in  Clay  Township,  and  has  taught  school 
here  until  the  present.  In  1853  he  moved  to  the  hill  near  his  first  set- 
tlement, and  has  lived  within  one  mile  of  his  first  location  since  1845. 
He  was  man-ied  in  Kentucky  to  Miss  Edith  West,  in  1837,  a  native 
of  Ohio,  who  was  reared  in  Kentucky,  and  whose  parents  came  from 
New  Jersey.  For  some  time  he  was  engaged  in  hauling  lumber  in 
that  State,  and  then  came  west.  To  his  union  with  Miss  West  eleven 
children  have  been  born,  of  whom  eight  are  living:  Eebecca,  now  Mrs. 
Oxford;  Artemitia,  now  Mrs.  Ellis;  Elizabeth,  now  the  wife  of  Sol. 
Casebeer;  Henry  A. ;  Napoleon  B. ;  Angeline,  wife  of  A.  Graham; 
Eliza  and  Clara  D.  After  residing  in  Missouri  twenty-one  years  Mr. 
Harrison  took  his  chikhren  to  Kentucky  to  visit  relatives,  choosing  a 
circuitous  route  that  they  might  be  able  to  see  as  much  of  the  country 
as  possible.  Mr.  Harrison  is  a  well-to-do  citizen,  and  owns  a  well-stocked 
and  improved  farm  in  Clay  Township,  which  he  bought  for  $100,  and 
which  has  never  changed  hands.  He  is  one  of  the  influential  men  of  the 
township,  and  served  as  constable  of  the  township  two  years,  then  as 
treasiirer  of  the  township  six  years,  and  filled  the  ofiice  of  county 
surveyor  twenty  years.  His  mathematical  education  was  largely 
acquired  by  self-study,  he  having  mastered  the  light  mathematics 
without  an  instructor.  He  has  prepared  two  keys  to  arithmetics,  and 
is  justly  proud  of  his  ability  in  this  line. 

Frank  T.  Harvey  was  born  in  Henry  County,  Ind.,  June  12,  1842. 
He  lost  his  mother  when  three  years  old,  and  his  father,  John  Harvey, 
when  but  ten  years  of  age.  He  consequently  was  left  to  fight  the  bat- 
tle of  life  for  himself  at  a  very  tender  age,  and  remained  in  his  native 
county  during  his  youth,  where  he  learned  the  carpenter  and  cabi- 
net maker's  trade.  Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  he  enlisted 
in  the  Twelfth  Indiana  Battery  for  four  years  or  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  After  hostilities  had  ceased  he  engaged  in  the  fm-niture  business 
at  Sulphur  Springs,  Hem-y  Co.,  Ind.,  until  1876.  He  then  came  to 
Missouri,  and  located  at  Eagleville,  where  he  continued  the  same  busi- 
ness until  the  fall  of  1879,  at  which  time  he  established  his  present 
furnitiire  business  in  Bethany,  which  is  the  leading  enterprise  of  the 
kind  in  the  city.      He  owns  his  building  which  is  a  three-story  brick 


546  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

and  basement,  and  is  located  upon  South  Street,  near  the  southwest 
corner  of  the  public  square.  While  in  Heniy  County,  Ind. ,  in  1867, 
Mr.  Harvey  married  Sarah  A.  Evans,  who  died  leaving  one  son,  Lem- 
uel A. ,  who  is  now  living.  In  1877  Mr.  Harvey  became  united  in 
marriage  with  Miss  Catherine  Yenny,  a  native  of  Savannah,  Mo.,  and 
the  mother  of  one  child,  Frank  M.  Mr.  Harvey  is  a  Democrat  in 
politics  but  is  conservative  in  his  views.  He  is  an  Ancient  I.  O.  O.  F. , 
and  the  present  Eminent  Commander  of  the  T.  D.  Neal  Post,  G. 
A.  R. 

David  Jackson  Heaston  was  born  in  Champaign  County,  Ohio, 
May  22,  1835.  In  1839  his  father  moved  with  his  family  to  Randolph 
County,  Ind.,  where  he  settled  upon  a  farm  adjoining  Winchester. 
Here  David  J.  was  reared,  working  on  the  farm  in  summer,  and  attend- 
ing the  district  school  two  or  three  months  during  the  winter.  In 
1852  he  worked  with  the  engineers  surveying  and  constructing  the 
Indianapolis  &  Bellefontaine  Railroad,  and  in  1854  he  helped  survey 
and  locate  a  railroad  from  Richmond  to  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. ,  now  called 
the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad.  In  the  fall  of  1855  he  entered 
the  Asbury  University,  at  Greencastle,  Ind.,  where  his  progress  in 
learning  was  rapid  and  highly  commended  by  his  teachers,  but  owing 
to  his  limited  resources  he  was  obliged  to  teach  school  in  order  to  pro- 
cm-e  means  to  pursue  his  studies.  In  the  fall  of  1857  he  entered  col- 
lege at  Oxford,  Ohio,  which  institution  he  attended  one  year.  In 
1856  he  commenced  reading  law  under  Judge  Jeremiah  Smith,  at 
Winchester,  Ind.,  and  pursued  his  legal  studies  while  he  was  teaching 
school.  In  1858  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  licensed  to  practice 
law  in  the  circuit  court  at  Winchester,  Ind.  In  the  spring  of  1859  be 
followed  Greeley' s  advice,  and  going  west  spent  some  time  in  selecting 
a  location,  finally  settling  at  Bethany,  Mo.,  where  he  was  licensed  by 
Judge  McFerran  in  September,  1859,  to  practice  law,  and  has  here  con- 
tinuously practiced  his  profession  ever  since.  On  the  17th  of  January, 
1861,  he  was  married  to  Margaret  E.  Monson,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Monson,  who  was  then  sheriff  of  Harrison  County.  Their  maiTiage 
was  blessed  with  six  children,  two  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  judge  of  the  probate  court  of  Harrison  County  without 
opposition,  and  filled  the  position  very  acceptably.  He  was  always  a 
steadfast  Union  man,  and  exerted  great  influence  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war,  urging  the  people  to  remain  loyal  to  the  Government. 
In  1861  a  newspaper  was  established  at  Bethany  called  the  Weekly 
Union,  and  at  the  request  of  the  proprietor  he  took  editorial  charge 
of  the  paper.       He  was  a  clear,   terse  and  energetic  writer,  and  soon 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  547 

placed  the  paper  in  the  front  rank  of  journalism  in  MisBOUri.  In  1862, 
when  the  Enrolled  Militia  of  the  county  was  organized  in  response  to 
the  call  of  the  Governor,  he  was,  without  solicitation  on  his  part, 
elected  captain  of  the  first  company  organized,  and  when  the  Enrolled 
Militia  of  the  county  was  formed  into  the  Fifty-seventh  Eegiment, 
Eastern  Missouri  Militia,  he  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  same. 
He  has  always  been  an  earnest  and  zealous  supporter  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  and  for  the  success  of  its  principles  he  has  spent  much 
time  and  money.  In  1860  he  canvassed  the  county  in  behalf  of 
Stephen  A.  Douglas,  the  Democratic  presidential  candidate,  and  has 
canvassed  the  county  for  every  Democratic  candidate  for  President 
since  that  time.  He  has  been  a  delegate  to  nearly  all  the  Democratic 
State  conventions  since  the  war,  and  in  1872  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Convention  at  Baltimore,  and  assisted  in  nominat- 
ing Greeley  and  Brown  for  President  and  Vice-President.  In  1876  he 
was  the  elector  for  his  district  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  being 
elected  attended  the  electoral  college,  and  assisted  in  casting  the 
electoral  vote  of  Missouri  for  Tilden  and  Hendricks.  In  1870  he  pur- 
chased a  press,  and  started  a  Democratic  paper  at  Bethany  called  the 
Watchman,  which  he  successfully  conductedjfor  three  years.  In  1877, 
the  county  being  without  a  Democratic  paper,  he,  in  connection  with 
B.  F.  Meyer,  a  practical  printer,  established  another  paper  at 
Bethany  called  the  Broad  Ax,  which  he  edited  with  his  usual  vigor 
and  ability  until  1884,  when  he  sold  the  press  to  its  present  owner. 
Under  his  editorial  management  the  Broad  Ax  acquired  a  State  repu- 
tation as  a  fearless  and  able  exponent  of  the  principles  of  the  Dem- 
ocratic party.  In  1878  Col.  Heaston  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
by  a  large  majority  in  the  Fourth  District,  consisting  of  the  counties  of 
Ray,  Caldwell,  Daviess  and  Harrison,  and  represented  his  district  in  the 
State  Senate  for  four  years  with  honor  and  ability,  serving  as  chairman 
of  the  committees  on  public  printing  and  Federal  relations,  besides  serv- 
ing on  several  other  important  committees.  Being  an  attorney  of  long 
standing  and  good  judgment  he  ranked  high  in  the  Senate,  and  took  a 
leading  part  in  the  revision  of  the  statutes  of  the  State  in  1879.  In 
the  special  session  of  the  Legislature  in  1882  he  prepared  and  pre- 
sented the  bill  to  redistrict  the  State  into  Congressional  districts, 
which,  after  a  warm  struggle,  was  adopted  in  the  Democratic  caucus 
by  a  decided  majority,  and  became  a  law  nearly  as  prepared  by  himself. 
Returning  home  from  the  Senate  he  became  a  candidate  for  the  nom- 
ination for  Congress,  and  after  a  lively  and  interesting  canvass  he 
came  within  a  very  few  votes  of  receiving  the  nomination,  which,  with 


548  HAERISON   COUNTY. 

his  popularity  among  the  people,  would  have  been  equivalent  to  an  elec- 
tion. During  all  these  years,  notwithstanding  his  editorial  labors  and 
official  duties  and  political  work  and  aspirations,  he  read  law  diligently, 
and  practiced  his  profession  assiduously.  He  has  been  the  longest  in 
practice  of  any  attorney  in  the  county,  and  may  well  be  called  the 
' '  father  of  the  bar. ' '  He  is  a  man  of  even  temperament,  and  well 
adapted  to  the  practice  in  all  of  its  various  branches,  being  successful 
in  every  department.  While  he  makes  no  profession  of  oratory  he 
speaks  well,  is  logical  and  strong  in  his  reasoning  powers,  and  has 
great  influence  with  the  juries  where  he  is  so  well  known.  He  is  a 
safe  counselor,  and  always  makes  it  a  point  to  advise  his  clients  for 
their  own  good  and  welfare.  He  tries  first  to  have  difficulties  settled 
without  litigation,  and  rarely  advises  a  resort  to  law  until  other 
means  have  failed,  and  then  only  when  he  believes  his  client  has  a 
good  case,  or  it  is  his  last  resort.  Col.  Heaston  is  also  well  known 
throughout  the  State  as  a  Mason.  He  was  made  a  Mason  at  Win- 
chester, Ind.,  in  June,  1857;  received  the  Royal  Arch  Degree  at 
Gallatin,  Mo.,  in  1866;  the  orders  of  Knights  Templar  at  Trenton, 
Mo. ,  in  1882,  and  the  Council  degrees  at  St.  Louis  in  1885.  He  has 
been  Master  of  his  Lodge,  High  Priest  of  his  Chapter  and  Commander 
of  his  Commandery,  and  has  often  represented  each  in  the  grand 
bodies  of  the  State.  For  many  years  he  was  District  Deputy  Grand 
Master  of  his  Masonic  district,  and  spent  considerable  time  visiting 
lodges  and  teaching  the  work  and  delivering  Masonic  lectures.  Since 
September,  1866,  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church  at 
Bethany,  and  was  one  of  the  building  committee  when  their  church 
edifice  was  erected,  and  has  always  been  a  good  paying  member 
thereof.  In  all  the  walks  of  life  Col.  Heaston  has  been  an  excellent 
and  exemplary  citizen,  and  has  done  very  much  to  aid  and  build  up  the 
educational,  moral,  railroad  and  general  prosperity  of  his  county,  and 
is  justly  held  in  high  esteem  by  its  good  citizens. 

Lewis  Hefner  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  Hefner,  both 
natives  of  Virginia,  where  he  was  born  June  19,  1822.  His  parents 
were  of  German  descent.  In  1847  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  J. 
Brown,  daughter  of  William  L.  and  Nancy  Brown,  in  Greenbrier 
County,  Va.,  who  bore  him  nine  children:  Mary  J.  (wife  of  Henry 
Buzzard,  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.),  Sally  A.,  Samuel  H. ,  William  L., 
John  C. ,  Benjamin  W'. ,  Washington  R.,  Elizabeth  S.  and  Harvey  J., 
all  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.  Mi-.  Hefner  immigrated  with  his  family 
to  Missouri  in  1852,  where  by  honest  thrift,  industry  and  economy  he 
has  succeeded  in  amassing  quite  a  fortune.     He  was  engaged  in  farm- 


BIOGBAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  54:9 

ing  and  blacksmithing,  and  at  one  time  owned  over  1,500  acres  of 
land  in  Harrison  and  Daviess  Counties,  a  large  portion  of  which  he 
has  since  given  to  his  children.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and 
dvu-ing  the  war  was  a  member  of  the  State  Militia,  but  was  never  called 
into  active  service.  He  was  a  member  of  the  presidential  reception 
committee  when  the  President  and  Mrs.  Cleveland  visited  St.  Louis 
in  October,  1887,  and  was  honored  by  taking  a  boat  ride  down  the 
Mississippi  with  the  presidential  party.  In  1856  Mr.  Hefner  became 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  has  been  an  active  worker  in 
that  order  ever  since,  being  now  a  member  of  the  Blue  Lodge,  Chapter 
and  Commandery  at  Bethany,  Mo.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church,  as  was  also  his  wife  up  to  the  date  of  her  death, 
which  occurred  February  3,  1885,  at  their  home  in  Jefferson  Township, 
where  Mr.  Hefner  with  his  two  daughters,  Sally  A.  and  Elizabeth  S. , 
and  his  son,  Harvey  J.,  still  reside.  He  is  one  of  Harrison  County's 
most  useful  and  influential  citizens. 

■;  Hezekiah  J.  Herring,  farmer  and  stock  dealer,  was  born  in  Ve- 
nango County,  Penn.,  June  3,  1836,  and  is  the  fourth  of  a  family  of 
nine  children  born  unto  Samuel  and  Eliza  (Sutley)  Herring,  natives  of 
Ireland  and  Germany,  and  born  respectively  in  1802  and  1811.  The 
father  accompanied  his  parents  to  the  United  States  when  four  years 
of  age,  and  was  married  in  Venango  County,  Penn.,  where  he  farmed 
until  1841.  They  then  immigrated  to  Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  and  two 
years  later  removed  to  Hardin  County.  Eleven  years  later  they  went  to 
the  State  of  Iowa,  where  the  father  died,  aged  seventy-two,  and  the 
mother  still  resides.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  as  was  Mr.  Herring,  who  was  a  Democrat  in  politics.  Heze- 
kiah received  a  common-school  education  in  Hardin  County,  Ohio,  and 
March  6,  1855,  wedded  Miss  Martha  E.  Sweeten,  a  native  of  Mont- 
gomery County,  Ind. ,  and  daughter  of  Robert  and  Sarah  Sweeten. 
In  June,  1854,  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  and  until  the  war 
lived  in  Marion  Township.  October  15,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company 
I,  Twenty-third  Missouri  Infantry,  and  after  being  mustered  out  at 
Louisville,  Ky. ,  in  1864  served  on  detached  duty  until  December  22, 
1864.  He  then  returned  home  to  farm  life,  and  in  1870  located  upon  his 
present  place,  which  contains  360  acres  of  fertile  land.  Mr.  Herring 
makes  stock  raising  a  specialty,  and  three  years  ago  purchased  from 
Frank  A.  Deputy  a  Hambletonian  stallion,  at  a  cost  of  $1,200;  he  also 
owns  some  fine  Shorthorns.  He  is  a  self-made  man,  and  one  of  the 
most  successful  stock  raisers  in  this  vicinity.  He  is  a  Republican, 
and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Post  No.  233,  located  at  Eagleville. 
To  himself  and  wife  seven  sons  have  been  born. 


550  HAKEISON    COUNTY. 

Pius  Higdon  is  a  native  of  Hardin  County,  Ky. ,  and  was  born 
July  3,  1843.  His  father,  John  Higdon,  is  of  eastern  birth,  born  in 
May,  1811,  and  when  young  accompanied  his  father  to  Kentucky,  where 
he  married  Miss  Luvina  Cameo,  a  native  of  Marion  County,  and  of 
English  descent.  He  was  a  farmer  all  his  lifetime,  and  died  in  Hardin 
County,  Ky.,  leaving  a  widow  and  six  children,  all  the  latter  now  liv- 
ing, and  residents  of  Missouri.  Two  children  died  during  Mr.  Hig- 
don's  lifetime.  ISIrs.  Higdon  died  in  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  at  the 
residence  of  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Miles.  Both  she  and  her 
husband  were  life-long  members  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  Pius 
Higdon  was  reared  in  Washington  County,  Ky.,  and  at  the  age  of 
seventeen,  his  mother  being  a  poor  widow,  he  started  to  earn  his  own 
living.  When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  enlisted  in  Company  G, 
Tenth  Kentucky  Infantry,  under  Col.  John  M.  Harland,  and  served  in 
the  war  three  years,  three  months  and  twenty  days.  He  was  in  the 
battles  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  upon  Sherman's  raid,  and  at 
the  battle  at  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  now  receives  a  pension  of  $6 
on  account  of  disabilities.  In  December,  1864,  after  his  discharge,  he 
returned  to  AVashington  County,  which  he  left  on  account  of  the 
guerrillas,  and  went  to  Davis  County,  Ind.  There  he  engaged  in  farm- 
ing six  years,  and  married  Miss  Catherine  ShielifF,  a  native  of  Indiana, 
by  whom  he  had  seven  children,  six  now  living:  Marj-  L.  (deceased), 
Annie  C,  John  T. ,  Joseph  J.,  Charles  W.,  Robert  E.,  and  Martin  A. 
In  1870  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  upon  April  15, 
1881,  Mrs.  Higdon  died.  December  27,  1882,  Jlr.  Higdon  married 
Miss  Mary  E.  HUl,  a  native  of  Washington  County,  Ky. ,  in  which 
State  her  parents  still  live,  and  where  she  and  Mr.  Higdon  were  mar- 
ried. Three  children  have  been  born  by  this  union:  Clement  A., 
Catherine  A.  and  Louis  R.  Mr.  Higdon  is  the  owner  uf  a  finely 
stocked  and  improved  farm  of  330  acres  in  Akron  settlement,  and 
is  a  well-to-do  man.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  been  township 
assessor  and  ex  officio  township  clerk  seven  years.  In  religion  he  is  a 
Roman  Catholic. 

John  E.  Hitchcock  was  born  in  Hampshire  County,  Mass.,  May  3, 
1836,  and  is  a  son  of  George  K.  and  Electa  (King)  Hitchcock,  natives 
of  Massachusetts,  and  of  English  descent.  Upon  their  marriage  in 
Hampshire  County,  Mass.,  they  located  there  upon  a  farm,  where 
they  remained  about  twelve  years.  In  the  fall  of  1844  they  emi- 
grated to  Bureau  County,  111. ,  where  the  father  died  in  1855.  In  1859 
the  mother  and  John  E.  went  to  Livingston  County,  111. ,  and  in  the 
fall  of  1870  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where  the  mother  died  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  551 

October,  1875,  aged  eighty-four  years.  The  father  was  a  stone 
mason  by  trade,  but  his  principal  occupation  was  that  of  farming. 
He  was  a  Democrat,  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  died  at 
the  age  of  sixty-five.  His  wife  was  a  member  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church.  John  E.  Hitchcock  is  one  of  a  family  of  four 
children,  and  having  been  reared  upon  a  farm,  has  principally  spent 
his  life  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  He  received  a  good 
common-school  education  during  his  youth,  and  remained  with  his 
parents  until  their  respective  deaths.  In  the  fall  of  1870  he  settled 
upon  his  present  home,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  280  acres  of 
good  land.  For  the  past  thirty  years  he  has  acted  as  public 
auctioneer  for  the  people  within  a  radius  of  fifty  miles.  May  20, 
1858,  he  wedded  Miss  Catherine  Hesser,  who  was  born  in  France, 
and  can  converse  in  three  languages.  To  this  union  five  children 
— three  sons  and  two  daughters — have  been  born.  Mr.  Hitchcock  is 
a  Democrat,  and  a  man  of  high  morals,  although  not  a  church 
member.      Mrs.  Hitchcock  has  united  with  the  Christian  Church. 

Ezekiel  B.  Hobbs  is  one  of  a  family  of  twelve  children,  born  to 
Rev.  Solomon  and  Winifi'ed  (Janes)  Hobbs,  natives  of  Georgia,  who 
when  young  went  to  \^"est  Virginia,  where  they  passed  the  remainder 
of  their  lives.  The  father  lived  to  be  sixty-five  years  of  age,  and  the 
mother  seventy-five,  and  both  were  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  of  which  the  former  was  a  local  minister.  In 
politics  the  father  was  a  Whig.  Ezekiel  is  of  English  and  Scotch 
descent,  and  was  born  in  Russell  County,  W.  Va. ,  in  1822.  He 
received  but  a  limited  education,  and  when  a  small  boy  would  stand 
upon  a  block  and  strike  for  his  father,  who  worked  some  at  the 
blacksmith' s  trade.  "When  nineteen  he  married  Lydia  S.  Woodward, 
a  native  of  West  Virginia,  by  whom  he  had  eight  childi'en.  His 
second  wife,  Mrs.  Letitia  Masingal,  bore  him  one  child,  and  his  third 
wife,  Nancy  J.  Ballew,  ten  children.  At  the  age  of  sixty-one  he 
married  Buenavista  Shirley.  In  1851  he  traveled  a  distance  of  about 
1,000  miles  in  forty-one  days  in  a  two-horse  wagon,  and  entered  100 
acres  of  land  in  Harrison  County,  for  which  he  just  had  sufficient 
means.  He  was  then  ill  for  nine  months,  during  which  time  house- 
hold articles  were  disposed  of  to  pay  the  doctor.  Despite  these 
adverse  circumstances  he  started  bravely  to  work  upon  his  recovery, 
and  after  thirty-six  years'  residence  in  one  community,  engaged  prin- 
cipally in  farming  and  stock  raising,  has  become  the  owner  of  about 
500  acres  of  land.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  became  a  convert  to 
the  Methodist  faith,  and  for  forty-four  years  has  been  class-leader, 


552  HAEKISON   COUNTY. 

and  for  twenty-five  years  a  licensed  erhorter  in  that  church.  All  his 
wives  were  Methodists.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat. 
John  D.  House,  township  collector  and  farmer  of  Cypress  Town- 
ship, was  born  in  Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  in  1834,  and  is  the  eldest 
of  ten  children  of  Edwin  and  Mary  (Grafton)  House;  the  former  of 
German  descent,  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1810,  and  in  1831  went  to 
Columbiana  County,  where  he  married  in  1832,  and  in  1846  removed 
to  Jackson  County,  where  he  still  resides,  following  the  occupation  of 
farmer  and  cooper.  His  wife  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1814,  and  is  a 
member — as  is  also  Mr.  House — of  the  Methodist  Ej)iscopal  Chui-ch. 
John  D.  received  only  a  common-school  education,  and  in  1856  married 
Miss  Sallie,  daughter  of  Andrew  and  Permelia  Butcher,  formerly  of 
Ohio,  where  Mrs.  House  was  born  in  1840.  This  union  has  been 
blessed  with  thirteen  children,  all  living  in  Harrison  County:  Andrew 
B.,  Richard  Edwin,  Mary  J.  (wife  of  William  Alden),  Ulysses  A., 
James  L. ,  P.  C. ,  Francis  M. ,  Leona  O. ,  John  H. ,  Rosella,  Lucinda, 
Fannie  M.  and  Wiley  H.  Immediately  after  his  marriage  he  went 
to  Harrison  County,  and  since  1868  has  resided  ten  miles  south 
of  Bethany,  where  he  has  a  fine  farm  of  290  acres,  the  result  of  his 
own  labor  and  good  management  in  the  occupation  of  farming.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  Lincoln  in  1860. 
He  has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  two  years,  and  as  collector 
eight  years.  Always  an  earnest  advocate  for  the  cause  of  education 
and  for  the  general  welfare  of  the  county,  he  enjoys  the  esteem  of  all 
who  know  him. 

James  M.  Hughes,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  was  born  in  Tazewell 
County,  111. ,  December  8,  1852,  and  is  the  fifth  of  eight  children  born 
to  Robert  and  Elizabeth  (Hance)  Hughes.  They  were  of  Scotch- 
English  descent,  and  natives  of  Cane  Ridge,  Bourbon  Co. ,  Ky. ,  where 
they  were  married.  After  their  marriage  they  located  upon  a  farm. 
Four  years  later  they  moved  to  Tazewell  County,  111.,  where  the 
father  engaged  in  farming,  stock  raising,  and  trading  until  the  fall  of 
1856,  when  he,  with  his  family,  immigrated  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. , 
where  the  father  died  June  15,  1882,  aged  eighty-two  years,  and  the 
mother  December  13,  1867,  aged  sixty -three  years.  The  father  was  a 
Democrat,  and  himself  and  wife  were  members  of  the  Christian 
Church.  James  M.  passed  his  boyhood  assisting  his  father  on  the 
farm  and  receiving  a  practical  English  education.  His  whole  life  has 
since  been  spent  in  farming  and  stock  raising,  and  he  now  owns 
upward  of  600  acres  of  land  in  the  home  tract,  the  Valley  Grove  stock 
farm.     November  14,  1858,  in  Linn  County,  Iowa,  he  wedded  Miss 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  537 

Samnel  N.  Glaze  was  born  in  Highland  County,  Ohio,  in  March, 
1843,  and  is  a  son  of  S.  H.  Glaze  [see  above].  He  spent  his  boyhood  in 
his  native  county,  and  in  1857  accompanied  his  father  to  Missouri. 
During  the  war  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Forty-third  Missouri  Vol- 
unteer Infantry  under  Col.  Harding,  and  served  from  the  13th  of 
August,  1864,  until  the  last  of  June  of  the  following  year.  After 
returning  home  he  bought  a  half  interest  in  a  saw  mill  upon  Grand 
Eiver  with  W.  C.  Baker,  which  he  operated  from  1869  until  1876. 
He  then  turned  his  attention  to  farming,  which  has  since  been  his  main 
occupation,  although  since  1881  he  has  conducted  a  flouring-mill  in 
connection  with  his  farm  interests.  He  owns  339  acres  of  well 
stocked  and  improved  land  in  the  home  place,  and  forty  acres  near 
Madison  Township,  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  county. 
April  2,  1873,  he  married  Miss  Mary  E.  Kinion,  daughter  of  John 
Kinion,  of  Gainesville  [see  sketch].  This  union  has  been  blessed  with 
four  childi-en:  Oscar,  Bertram,  Carl  and  Cary  Austin,  who  died  in 
infancy.  In  politics  Mr.  Glaze  is  a  Republican,  and  is  one  of  the 
highly  honored  and  respected  citizens  of  the  vicinity  in  which  he  lives. 

J.  H.  Goodwin  was  born  in  1846  in  Putnam  County,  Ind. ,  and 
when  two  years  old  went  to  Davis  County,  Ind.,  and  from  there  to 
Monroe  County  in  1857.  January  2,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D, 
Fifty-ninth  Indiana  Infantry,  in  which  he  was  corporal,  and  served 
until  mustered  out  Jxily  27,  1865,  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.  He  then 
came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  engaged  in  farming  until  1880, 
when  he  engaged  in  business  at  Cainesville.  June  15,  1881,  he 
embarked  in  the  general  mercantile  business  at  his  present  location  in 
Eidgeway.  Although  he  began  life  for  himself  when  a  boy  with  no 
capital,  he  now  owns  a  fine  stick  of  goods,  his  store  room  and  eighty 
acres  of  well  improved  land.  August  27,  1865,  he  married  Miss  Har- 
riet J.  Baker,  by  whom  eight  children  have  been  born:  Thomas  E., 
Lillie  H. ,  James  Guy,  Frederick  A.,  Bruce,  Mary  V.  (deceased), 
Rosa  (deceased)  and  Willie  (deceased. )  Mrs.  Goodwin  is  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Goodwin  is  a  Republican 
in  politics,  and  has  served  as  mayor  of  Ridgeway  and  in  several  other 
official  capacities.  He  is  the  third  of  four  children  of  Seth  and 
Nancy  (Morgan)  Goodwin,  early  settlers  of  Monroe  County,  Ind.  Mr. 
and  IMi's.  Goodwin  both  died  in  the  fall  of  1848  of  cholera,  and  the 
same  disease  took  away  the  grandfather  and  sister  at  the  same  time. 
Mr.  Goodwin  was  about  thirty- eight  at  the  time  of  his  death,  and  he 
was  a  son  of  Seth  Goodwin. 

Charles  H.   Golding,  farmer,  stock  raiser,   and  by  trade    a   stone 

34 


538  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

mason  and  plasterer,  was  born  in  1838  near  St.  John,  N.  B. ,  and  at 
the  age  of  nine  accompanied  his  parents  to  Aurora,  III.  About  1852 
he  went  to  Lee  County,  111.,  and  in  January,  1867,  to  Worth  County, 
Mo.,  where  he  settled  four  miles  north  of  Allendale,  and  engaged  in 
farming  until  his  removal  September  3,  1878,  to  his  present  place  in 
Harrison  County,  Mo.  When  of  age  he  learned  the  above  named  trade, 
which  he  has  since  followed  in  connection  with  his  farming,  and 
although  he  began  life  for  himself  when  but  a  boy  foui-teen  years  old 
he  is  now  comfortably  fixed  upon  a  farm  of  his  own  containing  120 
acres  of  good  land.  In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  K, 
Seventy-fifth  Illinois  Infantry,  and  served  until  mustered  out  in  July, 
1865.  October  8,  1862,  he  was  wounded  at  Perryville,  Ky. ,  and  sent 
to  the  hospital  at  New  Albany,  Ind.  January  1,  1866,  he  married 
Miss  Helen  Morse,  who  was  born  near  Waterford,  N.  Y.,  in  1844, 
and  is  a  daughter  of  Merrit  A.  and  Alida  (Van  Olinda)  Morse,  also 
natives  of  New  York,  and  of  English  and  German  descent  respect- 
ively. To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Golding  four  children  have  been  born: 
William  M.,  George  A.,  Charles  H.  and  Frank  M.  Mr.  Golding  is  a 
Democrat  in  politics,  and  in  1878  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace,  in 
which  ofiice  he  served  two  years,  and  then  in  April,  1881,  was 
re-elected,  and  also  in  1883,  after  which  he  served  two  years,  and  in 
1887  was  again  elected  to  the  same  ofiice.  He  is  a  Master  Mason  and 
his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  is  the 
fourth  of  eleven  children  born  to  William  and  Sarah  (Purdy)  Golding, 
natives  of  New  Brunswick  and  of  English  descent.  The  father  of 
Mrs.  Golding  was  a  son  of  Milton  and  Fannie  (Gould)  Morse,  the 
former  of  whom  served  in  the  War  of  1812.  Mrs.  Alida  Morse  was  & 
daughter  of  Daniel  and  Eleanor  Van  Olinda.  The  father  and  mother 
of  our  subject  died  January  13,  1883,  aged  seventy-three,  and  July 
20,  1878,  aged  sixty-five  years,  respectively. 

David  Goueher  was  born  in  Ripley  County,  Ind.,  in  1830,  moved 
to  Kankakee  County,  111.,  in  1852,  and  in  1855  he  came  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo. ,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  started  out  in  life  for 
himself  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  with  no  capital,  but  through  industry 
and  good  business  ability  has  become  the  owner  of  405  acres  of  finely 
improved  land,  and  is  one  of  the  well-to-do  farmers  and  stock  raisers 
of  the  county.  In  April,  1852,  he  married  Miss  Susan  Stuart, 
daughter  of  Hall  and  Jane  (Collins)  Stuart,  natives  of  Ohio  and  New 
Hampshire,  respectively.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Goueher  the  following 
children  have  been  born:  Samuel,  Bell,  Mary,  Ella,  Albert,  Reuben, 
Melissa  (deceased)  and  William.     Mr.   Goueher  is  a  Republican   in 


BIOGKAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  539 

politics,  and  in  the  summer*  of  1861  enlisted  in  the  Missouri  State 
Home  Guards,  then  served  in  the  Missouri  State  Militia  six  months, 
and  March  4,  1862,  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Sixth  Missouri  Cavalry 
as  a  private.  July  22,  1863,  he  was  made  second  lieutenant  of  his 
company,  in  which  capacity  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  His 
regiment  was  veteranized  in  March,  1864,  as  Company  C,  Thirteenth 
Missouri  Cavalry,  and  he  commanded  in  same  until  mustered  out  May 
29,  1865,  at  Waynesville,  Mo.  Mrs.  Goucher  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church,  and  Mr.  Goucher  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  To 
the  parents  of  our  subject,  Samuel  P.  and  Jane  (Vanzile)  Goucher, 
natives  of  New  York  State  and  Holland,  respectively,  seven  children 
were  born,  of  whom  David  is  the  sixth.  The  father  was  a  soldier  in 
the  War  of  1812,  and  served  as  county  judge  of  the  county  in  Indiana 
in  which  he  resided  as  long  as  he  would  accept  the  office.  His  wife 
was  a  daughter  of  Abraham  Vanzile,  and  emigrated  from  Holland  to 
the  United  States  before  Mrs.  Goucher  was  grown. 

Nathan  Graham  was  born  in  Jackson  County,  Ohio,  in  1844,  upon 
the  4th  of  April,  and  is  the  son  of  Jehiel  and  Rebecca  (Gilliland) 
Graham,  natives  of  the  same  county,  where  they  were  married.  The 
father  was  a  successful  farmer  in  those  days,  and  died  in  his  native 
county,  where  his  widow  resides  upon  the  old  homestead  with  her 
youngest  son,  Willis.  Nathan  is  one  of  a  family  of  nine  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living.  He  was  reared  at  home  with  few  educa- 
tional advantages,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  enlisted  in  Company  E, 
Eighty-seventh  Ohio  Infantiy,  in  which  he  served  four  months,  and 
although  he  participated  in  no  regular  engagement  he  was  taken  pris- 
oner at  Harper's  Ferry.  He  was  paroled  at  Delaware,  Ohio,  and  soon 
after  discharged.  He  then  returned  home  and  resumed  farming,  and 
in  September,  1862,  went  to  Cole  County,  111.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
three  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sarah  Castor,  a  native  of  Allegheny 
County.Penn.,  and  daughter  of  Sampson  P.  Castor, a  prominent  farmer 
of  Jackson  County,  but  now  a  resident  of  Allegheny  County,  Penn. 
In  1876  Mr.  Graham  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  owns 
293  acres  of  good  land,  and  is  classed  among  the  thrifty  and  enter- 
prising farmers  of  the  county.  To  himself  and  wife  six  children  have 
been  born:  Sampson,  Luetta,  Jehiel,  Bertie,  Alfred  and  Leona. 
Mr.  Graham  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 

Reuben  Gray,  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Grant  Town- 
ship, was  born  in  Caledonia  County,  Vt. ,  October  30,  1839,  and  is  the 
son  of  Reuben  and  Anna  (Miles)  Gray,  who  were  also  natives  of  that 
State,  and  remained  there  while  they  lived.     The  mother  died  when 


540  HARBISON   COUNTY. 

Reuben  was  onl_y  thirteen  years  of  age,  and  his  father  shortly  after 
manied  again,  but  the  second  wife  died  a  few  years  later.  Jonathan 
Gray,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  of  English  descent,  and  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  Owing  to  the  poverty  of  his  parents 
Mr.  Gray  was  unable  to  attend  school  more  than  a  few  months,  and 
when  thirteen  years  of  age  learned  the  millwright  trade.  Three  years 
later  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  in  1861  was  mamed  to  Miss  SibaA. , 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Elizabeth  Meservy,  formerly  of  Vermont, 
though  Mrs.  Gray  was  born  in  Illinois.  This  union  has  resulted  in 
nine  children,  six  of  whom  are  living:  Joseph  M. ,  Sylva  (dead); 
Jacob  A. ,  William  A. ,  Hattie  S. ,  Barber  E.  (dead),  Mary  E. ,  Clara 
Belle  (dead),  and  Siba  A.  In  1871  Mr.  Gray  went  to  Harrison  County, 
where  he  located  near  Ridgeway,  and  managed  a  saw  mill  for  about 
two  years,  also  having  charge  of  mills  in  Grundy,  Daviess  and  Livings- 
ton Counties;  since  that  time,  however,  he  has  devoted  all  his  time  to 
farming,  and  has  about  370  acres  of  improved  land  in  one  farm, 
besides  ninety  in  other  tracts.  He  has  held  several  township  offices, 
and  politically  is  a  Republican,  having  cast  his  first  vote  for  Lincoln, 
in  1860.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  both  he  and 
his  wife  are  connected  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Gray 
commenced  life  as  a  poor  boy,  and  by  hard  work,  perseverance  and 
good  management  has  risen  to  his  present  prosperity,  and  has  done 
not  a  little  for  the  intellectual,  moral  and  religious  development  of  his 
neighborhood,  having  done  what  he  could  under  his  circumstances. 

Jackson  Green,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  was  born  in  Hocking  County, 
Ohio,  in  1825,  and  is  the  third  and  eldest  living  child  of  Richard  and 
Mary  (Plunk)  Green,  who  had  a  family  of  five  sons  and  four  daugh- 
ters. The  father  was  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  the  mother  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. Early  in  life  the  latter  went  to  Ohio,  where  she  was  married,  and 
she  and  her  husband  lived  until  about  sixty-four  years  of  age.  He 
was  a  farmer,  a  Democrat  during  his  entii-e  life,  and  for  some  time 
served  as  constable.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Black  Hawk  War.  The 
mother  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church.  Jackson  Green  was 
reared  upon  a  farm,  but  received  only  a  limited  education  as  his  father 
lost  his  property  by  going  security  for  an  acquaintance,  and  was  obliged 
to  abandon  the  idea  of  educating  his  children,  and  move  upon  cheaper 
lands  where  there  were  no  schools.  Upon  reaching  manhood,  Jackson 
learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  seven  years.  In 
1853  he  maiTied  Esther  K.  Lowtridge,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Cathe- 
rine (Donahue)  Lowtridge,  and  a  native  of  Athens  County,  Ohio,  born 
in  1833.    Her  parents  were  natives  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  respect- 


BIOGKAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  541 

ively,  and  reared  a  family  of  six  sons  and  two  daughters.  The  father 
was  a  farmer,  and  both  himself  and  wife,  Methodists.  In  1856  Mr. 
Green  came  to  Han-ison  County,  Mo. ,  and  located  upon  his  present 
farm  of  516  acres.  Mr.  Green  was  very  poor  at  that  time,  and  obliged 
to  make  his  own  furniture,  but  by  persistent  efforts  and  good  manage- 
ment has  become  a  well-to-do  man,  although  at  one  time  he  lost  $4,000 
in  the  manner  in  which  his  father  lost  his  property.  Previous  to  the 
war  he  was  a  Democrat,  but  since  that  time  has  been  a  Repub- 
lican. In  1861  he  enlisted  in  "  Merrill's  Horse  "  or  the  Second  Mis- 
souri Cavalry,  and  served  over  three  years  as  quartermaster  and 
commissary  sergeant.  He  was  mustered  out  at  St.  Louis  in  1864,  and 
is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E. 

Isaac  Grenawalt  was  born  in  Hardin  County,  Ky.,  December  20, 
1817,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Rachel  (Logston)  Grenawalt,  descend- 
ants of  Germany.  Upon  their  marriage  they  moved  to  a  farm  in 
Hardin  County,  Ky.  Isaac,  the  sixth  child  of  a  family  of  eleven  boys 
and  three  girls,  worked  on  a  farm  until  he  was  twenty,  then  in  the 
fall  of  1837  took  a  flat  boat  for  New  Orleans,  La.,  where  he  went  to 
work  at  the  carpenter's  trade,  until  the  fall  of  1839.  He  then  visited 
Texas,  volunteered  to  fight  Indians,  and  during  the  conflict  received  a 
wound.  He  was  in  Texas  eighteen  months,  then  returned  to  New 
Orleans  where  he  finished  his  apprenticeship  in  the  summer  of  1844. 
Soon  after  he  went  to  Nashville,  Tenn. ,  and  while  there  worked  at  his 
trade.  In  the  fall  of  1845  he  retraced  his  steps  to  the  parental  home 
in  Hardin  County,  Ky.  He  was  absent  eight  years  and  six  months, 
still  working  at  his  trade.  July  8,  1847,  Mr.  Grenawalt  wedded  Miss 
Mary  Bunt,  after  which  they  commenced  housekeeping  at  Louisville, 
Ky.  He  followed  his  trade  until  October  26,  1849,  when  he  took  a 
boat  for  Keokuk,  Iowa,  moving  thence  to  Jefferson  County,  Iowa, 
November  2.  He  then  worked  at  carpentering,  and  while  there 
entered  eighty  acres  of  land.  In  the  spring  of  1855  he  sold  out,  and 
in  the  fall  of  1855  immigrated  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he 
arrived  October  17,  1855,  and  soon  entered  160  acres  of  land  where  he 
now  lives.  Dui'ing  the  war  he  belonged  to  the  Home  Guards.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Grenawalt  have  had  six  sons  and  three  daughters,  of  whom 
three  sons  and  one  daughter  are  now  deceased.  Mr.  Grenawalt  is  a 
Democrat  and  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 
Mrs.  Grenawalt  belongs  to  the  United  Brethren  Church.  He  is  a  well- 
to-do  man,  and  the  owner  of  240  acres  of  good  land. 

D.  M.  Greenwood  was   born  March  3,  1837,  in  Indiana,  and  is  a 
son  of  Henry  and  Margaret  (Stoneburner)  Greenwood,  natives  of  Vir- 


542  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

ginia,  and  of  German  descent.  The  father  was  a  brick-mason  by- 
trade,  but  made  farming  his  chief  occupation.  He  lived  some  time 
in  Ohio,  and  from  there  went  to  Indiana.  Next  he  went  to  Kichland 
County,  111. ,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  until  his  death  .  He  was 
a  soldier  in  the  war  in  1861,  serving  as  bugler,  and  to  himself  and 
wife  ten  children  were  born,  nine  of  whom  are  living,  some  in  Illinois, 
Missouri  and  Oregon.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Greenwood  both  lived  to  the 
advanced  age  of  sixty,  and  are  buried  side  by  side  in  Richland  County, 
111.  D.  M.  Greenwood  was  principally  reared  in  Indiana  and  Illinois, 
and  when  of  age  began  life  for  himself  by  driving  cattle  and  break- 
ing prairie  land.  He  afterward  went  to  Denver,  Colo.,  where  he 
was  unfortunate  and  lost  all  his  earnings.  He  then  returned  home, 
and  for  about  two  years  worked  in  a  saw  mill  owned  by  his  brother- 
in-law.  During  the  war  he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Sixth  Illinois 
Cavalry,  Col.  Ben.  Grierson's  command,  under  Isaac  Gipson,  and 
served  three  years.  He  was  with  Grant  during  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Springfield,  111.,  after  which  he 
returned  home.  While  at  home  upon  a  furlough  he  was  married, 
August  20,  1863,  to  Miss  Hester  Ann  Marshall,  a  native  of  Benton 
County,  Ky. ,  and  after  his  marriage  lived  five  years  in  Illinois.  After 
spending  a  year  in  Lafayette  County,  Mo.,  he  came  to  Harrison 
County,  where  he  owns  176^  acres  in  the  home  tract  and  100  acres 
in  pasture  and  timber  land.  His  farm  is  situated  in  Akron  settle- 
ment. Clay  Township,  where  he  is  considered  one  of  the  substantial 
farmers.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  seven  of  their  twelve  children  are  now  living:  Lorenzo  S.,  Mar- 
garet, Annie,  Amy  A. ,  Adam,  Eve,  Jennie  and  Claude.  In  politics 
Mr.  Greenwood  is  a'Democrat. 

James  A.  Hagan  was  born  in  Grayson  County,  Ky.,  September 
29,  1819,  and  is  a  son  of  George  W.  and  Catherine  (Simpson)  Hagan, 
both  natives  of  Kentucky.  The  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of 
1812  under  Gen.  Jackson,  and  passed  his  life  engaged  in  farming  in 
Kentucky.  While  upon  a  trip  to  New  Orleans  upon  a  flat  boat  he  was 
taken  ill  and  died,  his  burial  place  being  at  the  town  of  Smithson, 
upon  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  Kiver.  His  wife  was  buried  in  Har- 
din County,  Ky. ;  both  were  devout  members  of  the  Roman  Cath- 
olic Church.  James  A.  is  the  only  survivor  of  a  family  of  five  boys 
and  one  girl.  He  was  reared  in  his  native  State,  and  married  there,  in 
Washington  County,  April  5,  1842,  to  Miss  Mary  R.  Montgomei-y,  a 
native  of  that  county.  For  twelve  years  they  made  Kentucky  then- 
home,    Mr.  Hagan  during  that   time  working  at   his   trade — that  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  543 

stonemasonry — and  engaging  in  farming.  In  1853  he  immigrated  to 
Knox  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  engaged  in  the  same  labor  for  two  years, 
and  in  1854  entered  land  in  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  whither  he  moved 
his  family  in  1855.  He  now  owns  285  acres  of  finely  improved  land 
in  Clay  Township,  Hamson  County,  and  is  a  well-to-do  man.  He 
has  greatly  assisted  in  the  advancement  of  the  county,  has  improved 
several  places,  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  twenty-five  years,  and  has 
also  been  assessor  of  his  township.  Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  and  to  their  union  thirteen  children  have 
been  born,  nine  of  whom  are  living:  George  W.,  Mary  (widow  of  C.  E. 
Roberts),  Charles  T. ,  Matilda  E.  (widow  of  Henry  Nelson),  Annie  E. , 
James  R. ,  Lena  R.  and  Alice  A. 

C.  T.  Hagan  was  born  in  "Washington  County,  Ky.,  January  17, 

1849,  and  lived  upon  his  father's  farm  until  twenty-foiir  years  of  age. 
December  25,  1872,  he  wedded  Miss  DoUie  Chambers,  daughter  of 
Isaiah  Chambers,  and  then  lived  upon  his  father's  place  about  six 
years,  after  which  he  passed  two  years  upon  Mr.  Chambers'  farm. 
He  then  bought  land  in  Clay  Township,  and  now  owns  100  acres  in  the 
home  tract  and  100  acres  in  Section  1,  Clay  Township.  His  wife  is  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  he  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
Lodge  at  Gainesville,  and  in  politics  is  a  Democrat.  To  himself  and 
wife  four  chikb-en  have  been  born,  three  of  whom  are  living :  Orion, 
Orval  (deceased),  Benjamin  C   and  Merl. 

James  P.  Hamilton  was  born  in  Green  County,  Ky. ,  March  1, 
1840,  and  is  a  son  of  Dr.  John  B.  Hamilton  and  Caroline  (Sanders) 
Hamilton.  The  father  was  a  successful  medical  practitioner,  who 
came  to  Missouri  about  1846,  and  died  in  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  about 

1850.  By  the  mother  of  James  P.  the  following  children  were  born: 
William  H.  Hamilton,  John  B.,  Oscar  and  Wood  H.  By  the  father's 
first  marriage  there  are  one  son  and  one  daughter  living:  Dr.  T.  L. 
Hamilton  and  Catherine,  wife  of  James  Miles.  James  P.  lived  with 
his  parents  until  the  death  of  his  father,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
he  become  proficient  in  the  tinner's  trade.  He  came  to  Bethany  in 
1859,  and  in  1860  started  in  business  for  himself  in  which  he  was  not 
successful.  The  same  year  he  met  with  an  accident  which  caused  the 
loss  of  his  lower  right  limb.  Having  accumulated  a  small  amount  of 
money  by  1865  he  engaged  in  the  hardware  business,  which  for  the 
past  twenty  years  he  has  continued  with  success,  and  although  he 
started  with  but  little  capital,  is  now  one  of  the  owners  of  the  largest 
and  best  stocked  store  in  his  line  in  Northern  MissoiU'i,  outside  of 
St.  Joseph.     The  building  is  a  two-story  brick  including  basement, 


544  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

and  is  situated  on  South  Street,  near  the  soulhwest  corner  of  the 
square.  In  1884  Mr.  Albert  Stubbs  became  a  partner  in  the  business. 
October  30,  1860,  Mr.  Hamilton  married  Collistie  E.  Allen,  a  native 
of  Overton  County,  Tenn.,  by  whom  he  has  four  children:  Lullie  B. , 
wife  of  William  C.  Rose;  Lillie  G.,  deceased  in  1880;  Stephen  Earl, 
Lura  and  Carl.  IVIr.  Hamilton  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and 
A.  O.  U.  W.  Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  Church.  Mr. 
Albert  D.  Stubbs  was  born  in  Fulton  County,  Ind. ,  September  19, 
1847,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Toner)  Stubbs,  natives 
of  Kentucky  and  Pennsylvania.  The  father  is  still  a  resident  of  Ful- 
ton County,  Ind. ,  where  Albert  was  reared  upon  a  farm.  At  the  age 
of  twenty  he  left  home,  and  after  following  various  occupations  in 
Illinois,  came  to  Bethany  in  1870.  In  1884  he  became  a  partner  in 
the  hardware  business  of  J.  P.  Hamilton,  and  is  now  a  member  of 
that  well  known  firm.  October  1,  1874,  he  married  Frances  McClure, 
a  native  of  Virginia,  by  whom  four  children  have  been  born:  Louis  S., 
Bettie  E.  (deceased  1880),  Fred  and  Glen.  Mrs.  Stubbs  has  one  daugh- 
ter by  her  former  marriage  with  Joseph  McClure  (deceased).  Mrs. 
Stubbs'  maiden  name  was  Ford,  and  the  daughter,  Lottie,  is  now  the 
wife  of  E.  R.  Durham.  Mi-.  Stubbs  is  a  Republican,  and  has  held  the 
offices  of  township  and  city  collector,  and  has  also  been  township 
trustee.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  Vi'. ,  and  having  served  six 
months  in  the  United  States  army,  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred 
and  Fifty-fifth  Indiana  Volunteer  Infantry,  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 
Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  Church. 

Hannibal  Harrison,  a  pioneer  settler  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  is 
of  English  descent  upon  the  paternal  side  of  the  family.  His  great- 
great-grandfather  immigrated  to  New  York  State  from  England,  in 
1720,  and  worked  at  the  silversmith's  trade.  He  taught  the  first 
English  school  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y. ,  and  was  drowned  while  cross- 
ing the  Mohawk  River.  The  grreat-gi'andfather  was  a  weaver  bv  trade, 
and  had  four  sons:  Thomas,  Herman,  Peter  and  Philip.  Herman 
left  three  childi-en:  Henry,  Hannah,  and  Elizabeth,  who  lost  her  life 
by  drowning  while  upon  a  pleasure  trip  on  New  York  Bay.  Henry 
Harrison,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  a  native  of  New  York  State 
and  his  wife  of  French  descent  and  born  in  Montgomery  County,  N.  Y. 
Henry  Harrison  assisted  in  laying  the  townships  of  St.  Lawrence 
County,  N.  Y. ,  and  in  an  early  day,  1819,  immigrated  to  Clermont, 
Ohio,  remaining  eleven  years  in  that  State  engaged  in  coopering.  In 
1830  he  went  to  Kentucky,  and  for  five  years  engaged  in  farming  in 
Bracken  County.     They  afterward  lived  in  Decatur  County,  Ind.,  for 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  545 

ten  years,  first  locating  upon  Government  land.  From  there  they 
came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. .  'where  both  died  and  were  buried. 
The  father  was  a  Baptist,  and  the  mother  a  life- long  member  of  the 
Methodist  Church.  Hannibal  Harrison  received  his  early  education 
in  Clermont  County,  Ohio,  and  became  very  proficient  in  mathematics. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-nine  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in 
1845,  taught  the  first  school  in  Clay  Township,  and  has  taught  school 
here  until  the  present.  In  1853  he  moved  to  the  hill  near  his  first  set- 
tlement, and  has  lived  within  one  mile  of  his  first  location  since  1845. 
He  was  married  in  Kentucky  to  Miss  Edith  West,  in  1837,  a  native 
of  Ohio,  who  was  reared  in  Kentucky,  and  whose  parents  came  from 
New  Jersey.  For  some  time  he  was  engaged  in  haiiling  lumber  in 
that  State,  and  then  came  west.  To  his  union  with  Miss  West  eleven 
children  have  been  born,  of  whom  eight  are  living:  Rebecca,  now  Mrs. 
Oxford;  Artemitia,  now  Mrs.  Ellis;  Elizabeth,  now  the  wife  of  Sol. 
Casebeer;  Heniy  A. ;  Napoleon  B. ;  Angeline,  wife  of  A.  Graham; 
Eliza  and  Clara  D.  After  residing  in  Missouri  twenty-one  years  Mr. 
Harrison  took  his  children  to  Kentucky  to  visit  relatives,  choosing  a 
circuitous  route  that  they  might  be  able  to  see  as  much  of  the  country 
as  possible.  Mr.  Harrison  is  a  well-to-do  citizen,  and  owns  a  well-stocked 
and  improved  farm  in  Clay  Township,  which  he  bought  for  $100,  and 
which  has  never  changed  hands.  He  is  one  of  the  influential  men  of  the 
township,  and  served  as  constable  of  the  township  two  years,  then  as 
treasurer  of  the  township  six  years,  and  filled  the  office  of  county 
surveyor  twenty  years.  His  mathematical  education  was  largely 
acquired  by  self-study,  he  having  mastered  the  light  mathematics 
without  an  instructor.  He  has  prepared  two  keys  to  arithmetics,  and 
is  justly  proud  of  his  ability  in  this  line. 

Frank  T.  Harvey  was  born  in  Henry  County,  Ind. ,  June  12,  1842. 
He  lost  his  mother  when  three  years  old,  and  his  father,  John  Harvey, 
when  but  ten  years  of  age.  He  consequently  was  left  to  fight  the  bat- 
tle of  life  for  himself  at  a  very  tender  age,  and  remained  in  his  native 
county  during  his  youth,  where  he  learned  the  carpenter  and  cabi- 
net maker's  trade.  Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  Rebellion  he  enlisted 
in  the  Twelfth  Indiana  Battery  for  four  years  or  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  After  hostilities  had  ceased  he  engaged  in  the  furniture  business 
at  Sulphur  Springs,  Hemy  Co. ,  Ind. ,  iintil  1876.  He  then  came  to 
Missouri,  and  located  at  Eagleville,  where  he  continued  the  same  busi- 
ness until  the  fall  of  1879,  at  which  time  he  established  his  present 
furniture  business  in  Bethany,  which  is  the  leading  enterprise  of  the 
kind  in  the  city.      He  owns  his  building  which  is  a  three-story  brick 


546  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

and  basement,  and  is  located  upon  South  Street,  near  the  southwest 
corner  of  the  public  square.  While  in  Heniy  County,  Ind.,  in  1867, 
Mr.  Harvey  married  Sarah  A.  Evans,  who  died  leaving  one  son,  Lem- 
uel A.,  who  is  now  living.  In  1877  Mr.  Harvey  became  united  in 
marriage  with  Miss  Catherine  Yenny,  a  native  of  Savannah,  Mo.,  and 
the  mother  of  one  child,  Frank  M.  Mr.  Harvey  is  a  Democrat  in 
politics  but  is  conservative  in  his  views.  He  is  an  Ancient  I.  O.  O.  F., 
and  the  present  Eminent  Commander  of  the  T.  D.  Neal  Post,  G. 
A.  R. 

David  Jackson  Heaston  was  born  in  Champaign  County,  Ohio, 
May  22,  1835.  In  1839  his  father  moved  with  his  family  to  Randolph 
County,  Ind. ,  where  he  settled  upon  a  farm  adjoining  Winchester. 
Here  David  J.  was  reared,  working  on  the  farm  in  summer,  and  attend- 
ing the  district  school  two  or  three  months  during  the  winter.  In 
1852  he  worked  with  the  engineers  surveying  and  constructing  the 
Indianapolis  &  Bellefontaine  Railroad,  and  in  1854  he  helped  survey 
and  locate  a  railroad  from  Richmond  to  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. ,  now  called 
the  Cedar  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad.  In  the  fall  of  1855  he  entered 
the  Asbury  University,  at  Greencastle,  Ind.,  where  his  progress  in 
learning  was  rapid  and  highly  commended  by  his  teachers,  but  owing 
to  his  limited  resources  he  was  obliged  to  teach  school  in  order  to  pro- 
cure means  to  pursue  his  studies.  In  the  fall  of  1857  he  entered  col- 
lege at  Oxford,  Ohio,  which  institution  he  attended  one  year.  In 
1856  he  commenced  reading  law  iinder  Judge  Jeremiah  Smith,  at 
Winchester,  Ind.,  and  pursued  his  legal  studies  while  he  was  teaching 
school.  In  1858  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  licensed  to  practice 
law  in  the  circuit  court  at  Winchester,  Ind.  In  the  spring  of  1859  he 
followed  Greeley' s  advice,  and  going  west  spent  some  time  in  selecting 
a  location,  finally  settling  at  Bethany,  Mo.,  where  he  was  licensed  by 
Judge  McFerran  in  September,  1859,  to  practice  law,  and  has  here  con- 
tinuously practiced  his  profession  ever  since.  On  the  17th  of  January, 
1861,  he  was  maiTied  to  Margaret  E.  Monson,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Monson,  who  was  then  sheriff  of  Harrison  County.  Their  marriage 
was  blessed  with  six  children,  two  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  judge  of  the  probate  court  of  Harrison  County  without 
opposition,  and  filled  the  position  very  acceptably.  He  was  always  a 
steadfast  Union  man,  and  exerted  great  influence  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war,  urging  the  people  to  remain  loyal  to  the  Government. 
In  1861  a  newspaper  was  established  at  Bethany  called  the  Weekly 
Union,  and  at  the  request  of  the  proprietor  he  took  editorial  charge 
of  the  paper.       He  was  a  clear,  terse  and  energetic  writer,  and  soon 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.    *  547 

placed  the  paper  in  the  front  rank  of  journalism  in  Missouri.  In  1862, 
when  the  Enrolled  Militia  of  the  county  was  organized  in  response  to 
the  call  of  the  Governor,  he  was,  without  solicitation  on  his  part, 
elected  captain  of  the  first  company  organized,  and  when  the  Enrolled 
Militia  of  the  county  was  formed  into  the  Fifty-seventh  Eegiment, 
Eastern  Missouri  Militia,  he  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  same. 
He  has  always  been  an  earnest  and  zealous  supporter  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  and  for  the  success  of  its  principles  he  has  spent  much 
time  and  money.  In  1860  he  canvassed  the  county  in  behalf  of 
Stephen  A.  Douglas,  the  Democratic  presidential  candidate,  and  has 
canvassed  the  county  for  every  Democratic  candidate  for  President 
since  that  time.  He  has  been  a  delegate  to  nearly  all  the  Democratic 
State  conventions  since  the  war,  and  in  1872  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Democratic  National  Convention  at  Baltimore,  and  assisted  in  nominat- 
ing Greeley  and  Brown  for  President  and  Vice-President.  In  1876  he 
was  the  elector  for  his  district  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  being 
elected  attended  the  electoral  college,  and  assisted  in  casting  the 
electoral  vote  of  Missouri  for  Tilden  and  Hendricks.  In  1870  he  pur- 
chased a  press,  and  started  a  Democratic  paper  at  Bethany  called  the 
Watchvian,  which  he  successfully  conductedjfor  three  years.  In  1877, 
the  county  being  without  a  Democratic  paper,  he,  in  connection  with 
B.  F.  Meyer,  a  practical  printer,  established  another  paper  at 
Bethany  called  the  Broad  Ax,  which  he  edited  with  his  usual  vigor 
and  ability  until  1884,  when  he  sold  the  press  to  its  present  owner. 
Under  his  editorial  management  the  Broad  Ax  acquired  a  State  repu- 
tation as  a  fearless  and  able  exponent  of  the  principles  of  the  Dem- 
ocratic party.  In  1878  Col.  Heaston  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
by  a  large  majority  in  the  Fourth  District,  consisting  of  the  counties  of 
Ray,  Caldwell,  Daviess  and  Harrison,  and  represented  his  district  in  the 
State  Senate  for  four  years  with  honor  and  ability,  serving  as  chairman 
of  the  committees  on  public  printing  and  Federal  relations,  besides  serv- 
ing on  several  other  important  committees.  Being  an  attorney  of  long 
standing  and  good  judgment  he  ranked  high  in  the  Senate,  and  took  a 
leading  part  in  the  revision  of  the  statutes  of  the  State  in  1879.  In 
the  special  session  of  the  Legislature  in  1882  he  prepared  and  pre- 
sented the  bill  to  redistrict  the  State  into  Congressional  districts, 
which,  after  a  warm  struggle,  was  adopted  in  the  Democratic  caucus 
by  a  decided  majority,  and  became  a  law  nearly  as  prepared  by  himself. 
Returning  home  from  the  Senate  he  became  a  candidate  for  the  nom- 
ination for  Congress,  and  after  a  lively  and  interesting  canvass  he 
came  within  a  very  few  votes  of  receiving  the  nomination,  which,  with 


548  HAEKISON    COUNTY. 

his  popularity  among  the  people,  would  have  been  equivalent  to  an  elec- 
tion. During  all  these  years,  notwithstanding  his  editorial  labors  and 
official  duties  and  political  work  and  aspirations,  he  read  law  diligently, 
and  practiced  his  profession  assiduously.  He  has  been  the  longest  in 
practice  of  any  attorney  in  the  county,  and  may  well  be  called  the 
' '  father  of  the  bar. ' '  He  is  a  man  of  even  temperament,  and  well 
adapted  to  the  practice  in  all  of  its  various  branches,  being  successful 
in  every  department.  While  he  makes  no  profession  of  oratory  he 
speaks  well,  is  logical  and  strong  in  his  reasoning  powers,  and  has 
great  influence  with  the  juries  where  he  is  so  well  known.  He  is  a 
safe  counselor,  and  always  makes  it  a  point  to  advise  his  clients  for 
their  own  good  and  welfare.  He  tries  first  to  have  difficulties  settled 
without  litigation,  and  rarely  advises  a  resort  to  law  until  other 
means  have  failed,  and  then  only  when  he  believes  his  client  has  a 
good  case,  or  it  is  his  last  resort.  Col.  Heaston  is  also  well  known 
throughout  the  State  as  a  Mason.  He  was  made  a  Mason  at  Win- 
chester, Ind. ,  in  June,  1857;  received  the  Koyal  Arch  Degree  at 
Gallatin,  Mo.,  in  1866;  the  orders  of  Knights  Templar  at  Trenton, 
Mo. ,  in  1882,  and  the  Council  degrees  at  St.  Louis  in  1885.  He  has 
been  Master  of  his  Lodge,  High  Priest  of  his  Chapter  and  Commander 
of  his  Commandery,  and  has  often  represented  each  in  the  grand 
bodies  of  the  State.  For  many  years  he  was  District  Deputy  Grand 
Master  of  his  Masonic  district,  and  spent  considerable  time  visiting 
lodges  and  teaching  the  work  and  delivering  Masonic  lectures.  Since 
September,  1866,  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Christian  Chui'ch  at 
Bethany,  and  was  one  of  the  building  committee  when  their  church 
edifice  was  erected,  and  has  always  been  a  good  paying  member 
thereof.  In  all  the  walks  of  life  Col.  Heaston  has  been  an  excellent 
and  exemplary  citizen,  and  has  done  very  much  to  aid  and  build  up  the 
educational,  moral,  railroad  and  general  prosperity  of  his  county,  and 
is  justly  hold  in  high  esteem  by  its  good  citizens. 

Lewis  Hefner  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  Hefner,  both 
natives  of  Virginia,  where  he  was  born  June  19,  1822.  His  parents 
were  of  German  descent.  In  1847  he  was  married  to  Elizabeth  J. 
Brown,  daughter  of  William  L.  and  Nancy  Brown,  in  Greenbrier 
County,  Va.,  who  bore  him  nine  children:  Mary  J.  (wife  of  Henry 
Buzzard,  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.),  Sally  A.,  Samuel  H. ,  William  L., 
John  C,  Benjamin  W.,  Washington  R.,  Elizabeth  S.  and  Harvey  J., 
all  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.  Mr.  Hefner  immigrated  with  his  family 
to  Missouri  in  1852,  where  by  honest  thrift,  industry  and  economy  he 
has  succeeded  in  amassing  quite  a  fortune.     He  was  engaged  in  farm- 


BIOGBAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  549 

ing  and  blacksmithing,  and  at  one  time  owned  over  1,500  acres  of 
land  in  Harrison  and  Daviess  Counties,  a  large  portion  of  which  he 
has  since  given  to  his  children.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and 
during  the  war  was  a  member  of  the  State  Militia,  but  was  never  called 
into  active  service.  He  was  a  member  of  the  presidential  reception 
committee  when  the  President  and  Mrs.  Cleveland  visited  St.  Louis 
in  October,  1887,  and  was  honored  by  taking  a  boat  ride  down  the 
Mississippi  with  the  presidential  parly.  In  1850  Mr.  Hefner  became 
a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  has  been  an  active  worker  in 
that  order  ever  since,  being  now  a  member  of  the  Blue  Lodge,  Chapter 
and  Commandery  at  Bethany,  Mo.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church,  as  was  also  his  wife  up  to  the  date  of  her  death, 
which  occurred  February  3,  1885,  at  their  home  in  Jefferson  Township, 
where  Mr.  Hefner  with  his  two  daughters.  Sally  A.  and  Elizabeth  S., 
and  his  son,  Harvey  J. ,  still  reside.  He  is  one  of  Harrison  County' s 
most  useful  and  influential  citizens. 
',  Hezekiah  J.  Herring,  farmer  and  stock  dealer,  was  born  in  Ve- 
nango County,  Penn.,  June  3,  1836,  and  is  the  fourth  of  a  family  of 
nine  children  born  unto  Samuel  and  Eliza  (Sutley)  Herring,  natives  of 
Ireland  and  Germany,  and  born  respectively  in  1802  and  1811.  The 
father  aceomjsanied  his  parents  to  the  United  States  when  four  years 
of  age,  and  was  married  in  Venango  County,  Penn.,  where  he  farmed 
until  1841.  They  then  immigrated  to  Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  and  two 
years  later  removed  to  Hardin  County.  Eleven  years  later  they  went  to 
the  State  of  Iowa,  where  the  father  died,  aged  seventy-two,  and  the 
mother  still  resides.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  as  was  Mr.  Herring,  who  was  a  Democrat  in  politics.  Heze- 
kiah received  a  common- school  education  in  Hardin  County,  Ohio,  and 
March  6,  1855,  wedded  Miss  Martha  E.  Sweeten,  a  native  of  Mont- 
gomery County,  Ind. ,  and  daughter  of  Eobert  and  Sarah  Sweeten. 
In  Jime,  1854,  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  until  the  war 
lived  in  Marion  Township.  October  15,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company 
I,  Twenty-third  Missouri  Infantry,  and  after  being  mustered  out  at 
Louisville,  Ky. ,  in  1864  served  on  detached  duty  until  December  22, 
1864.  He  then  returned  home  to  farm  life,  and  in  1870  located  upon  his 
present  place,  which  contains  360  acres  of  fertile  land.  Mr.  Herring 
makes  stock  raising  a  specialty,  and  three  years  ago  purchased  fi'om 
Frank  A.  Deputy  a  Hambletonian  stallion,  at  a  cost  of  $1,200;  he  also 
owns  some  fine  Shorthorns.  He  is  a  self-made  man,  and  one  of  the 
most  successful  stock  raisers  in  this  vicinity.  He  is  a  Repiiblican, 
and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Post  No.  233,  located  at  Eagleville. 
To  himself  and  wife  seven  sons  have  been  born. 


550  HAEKISON    COUNTY. 

Pius  Higdon  is  a  native  of  Hardin  County,  Ky. ,  and  was  born 
July  3,  1843.  His  father,  John  Higdon,  is  of  eastern  birth,  born  in 
May,  1811,  and  when  young  accompanied  his  father  to  Kentucky,  where 
he  married  Miss  Luvina  CaiTico,  a  native  of  Marion  County,  and  of 
English  descent.  He  was  a  farmer  all  his  lifetime,  and  died  in  Hardin 
County,  Ky. ,  leaving  a  widow  and  six  children,  all  the  latter  now  liv- 
ing, and  residents  of  Missoiu'i.  Two  children  died  during  Mr.  Hig- 
don's  lifetime.  Mrs.  Higdon  died  in  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  at  the 
residence  of  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Miles.  Both  she  and  her 
husband  were  life-long  members  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  Pius 
Higdon  was  reared  in  Washington  County,  Ky.,  and  at  the  age  of 
seventeen,  his  mother  being  a  poor  widow,  he  started  to  earn  his  own 
living.  When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  enlisted  in  Company  G, 
Tenth  Kentucky  Infantry,  under  Col.  John  M.  Harland,  and  served  in 
the  war  three  years,  three  months  and  twenty  days.  He  was  in  the 
battles  at  Chickamauga,  Mission  Ridge,  upon  Sherman's  raid,  and  at 
the  battle  at  Kenesaw  Mountain.  He  now  receives  a  pension  of  $6 
on  account  of  disabilities.  In  December,  1864,*Mfc|his  discharge,  he 
returned  to  "Washington  County,  which  he  lefTon  account  of  the 
guerrillag,  and  went  to  Davis  County,  Ind.  There  1^  engaged  in  farm- 
ing si^rears,  and  married  Miss  Catherine  ShielifF,  a  native  of  Indiana, 
by  whjifn  he  had  seven  children,  six  now  living:  Mary  L.  (deceased), 
Annie  C. ,  John  T. ,  Joseph  J.,  Charles  W.,  Robert  E.,  and  Martin  A. 
In  1870  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  upon  April  15, 
1881,  Mrs.  Higdon  died.  December  27,  1882,  Mr.  Higdon  married 
Miss  Mary  E.  Hill,  a  native  of  Washington  County,  Ky. ,  in  which 
State  her  parents  still  live,  and  where  she  and  Mr.  Higdon  were  mar- 
ried. Three  children  have  been  born  by  this  union:  Clement  A., 
Catherine  A.  and  Louis  R.  Mr.  Higdon  is  the  owner  of  a  finely 
stocked  and  improved  farm  of  330  acres  in  Akron  settlement,  and 
is  a  well-to-do  man.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  been  township 
assessor  and  ex  officio  township  clerk  seven  years.  In  religion  he  is  a 
Roman  Catholic. 

John  E.  Hitchcock* was  born  in  Hampshire  County,  Mass.,  May  3, 
1836,  and  is  a  son  of  George  E.  and  Electa  (King)  Hitchcock,  natives 
of  Massachusetts,  and  of  English  descent.  Upon  their  maiTiage  in 
Hampshire  County,  Mass.,  they  located  there  upon  a  farm,  where 
they  remained  about  twelve  years.  In  the  fall  of  1844  they  emi- 
grated to  Bureau  County,  111.,  where  the  father  died  in  1855.  In  1859 
the  mother  and  John  E.  went  to  Livingston  County,  111.,  and  in  the 
fall  of  1870  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where  the  mother  died  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  551 

October,  1875,  aged  eighty-four  years.  The  father  was  a  stone 
mason  by  trade,  but  his  principal  occupation  was  that  of  farming. 
He  was  a  Democrat,  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  died  at 
the  age  of  sixty-five.  His  wife  was  a  member  of  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  Church.  John  E.  Hitchcock  is  one  of  a  family  of  four 
children,  and  having  been  reared  upon  a  farm,  has  principally  spent 
his  life  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  He  received  a  good 
common-school  education  during  his  youth,  and  remained  with  his 
parents  until  their  respective  deaths.  In  the  fall  of  1870  he  settled 
upon  his  present  home,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  280  acres  of 
good  land.  For  the  past  thirty  years  he  has  acted  as  public 
auctioneer  for  the  people  within  a  radius  of  fifty  miles.  May  20, 
1858,  he  wedded  Miss  Catherine  Hesser,  who  was  born  in  France, 
and  can  converse  in  three  languages.  To  this  union  five  children 
— three  sons  and  two  daughters — have  been  born.  Mr.  Hitchcock  is 
a  Democrat,  and  a  man  of  high  morals,  although  not  a  church 
member.      Mrs.  Hitchcock  has  united  with  the  Christian  Church. 

Ezekiel  B.  Hobbs  is  one  of  a  family  of  twelve  childi-en,  born  to 
Eev.  Solomon  and  Winifi-ed  (Janes)  Hobbs,  natives  of  Georgia,  who 
when  young  went  to  AVest  Virginia,  where  they  passed  the  remainder 
of  their  lives.  The  father  lived  to  be  sixty-five  years  of  age,  and  the 
mother  seventy-five,  and  both  were  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  of  which  the  former  was  a  local  minister.  In 
politics  the  father  was  a  Whig.  Ezekiel  is  of  English  and  Scotch 
descent,  and  was  born  in  Russell  County,  W.  Va. ,  in  1822.  He 
received  but  a  limited  education,  and  when  a  small  boy  would  stand 
upon  a  block  and  strike  for  his  father,  who  worked  some  at  the 
blacksmith's  trade.  When  nineteen  he  married  Lydia  S.  Woodward, 
a  native  of  West  Virginia,  by  whom  he  had  eight  children.  His 
second  wife,  Mrs.  Letitia  Masingal,  bore  him  one  child,  and  his  third 
wife,  Nancy  J.  Ballew,  ten  children.  At  the  age  of  sixty-one  he 
married  Buenavista  Shirley.  In  1851  he  traveled  a  distance  of  about 
1,000  miles  in  forty-one  days  in  a  two-horse  wagon,  and  entered  100 
acres  of  land  in  Harrison  County,  for  which  he  just  had  sufficient 
means.  He  was  then  ill  for  nine  months,  during  which  time  house- 
hold articles  were  disposed  of  to  pay  the  doctor.  Despite  these 
adverse  circumstances  he  started  bravely  to  work  upon  his  recovery, 
and  after  thirty-six  years'  residence  in  one  community,  engaged  jsrin- 
cipally  in  farming  and  stock  raising,  has  become  the  owner  of  about 
500  acres  of  land.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  became  a  convert  to 
the  Methodist  faith,  and  for  forty-four   years  has  been  class-leader, 


552  HAEBISON   COUNTY, 

and  for  twenty-five  years  a  licensed  exhorter  in  that  church.     All  his 
wives  were  Methodists.      In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat. 

John  D.  House,  township  collector  and  farmer  of  Cypress  Town- 
ship, was  born  in  Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  in  1834,  and  is  the  eldest 
of  ten  children  of  Edwin  and  Mary  (Grafton)  House;  the  former  of 
German  descent,  was  born  in  Maryland  in  1810,  and  in  1831  went  to 
Columbiana  County,  where  he  married  in  1832,  and  in  1846  removed 
to  Jackson  County,  where  he  still  resides,  following  the  occupation  of 
farmer  and  cooper.  His  wife  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1814,  and  is  a 
member — as  is  also  IVIr.  House — of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
John  D.  received  only  a  common-school  education,  and  in  1856  married 
Miss  Sallie,  daughter  of  Andi-ew  and  Permelia  Butcher,  formerly  of 
Ohio,  where  Mrs.  House  was  born  in  1840.  This  union  has  been 
blessed  with  thirteen  children,  all  living  in  Harrison  County:  Andrew 
B.,  Richard  Edwin,  Mary  J.  (wife  of  William  Alden),  Ulysses  A., 
James  L. ,  P.  C. ,  Francis  M. ,  Leona  O. ,  John  H. ,  Eosella,  Lucinda, 
Fannie  M.  and  Wiley  H.  Immediately  after  his  marriage  he  went 
to  Harrison  County,  and  since  1868  has  resided  ten  mUes  south 
of  Bethany,  where  he  has  a  fine  farm  of  290  acres,  the  result  of  his 
own  labor  and  good  management  in  the  occupation  of  farming.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  Lincoln  in  1860. 
He  has  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  two  years,  and  as  collector 
eight  years.  Always  an  earnest  advocate  for  the  cause  of  education 
and  for  the  general  welfare  of  the  county,  he  enjoys  the  esteem  of  all 
who  know  him. 

James  M.  Hughes,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  was  born  in  Tazewell 
County,  111. ,  December  8,  1852,  and  is  the  fifth  of  eight  children  born 
to  Robert  and  Elizabeth  (Hance)  Hughes.  They  were  of  Scotch- 
English  descent,  and  natives  of  Cane  Ridge,  Bourbon  Co. ,  Ky. ,  where 
they  were  married.  After  their  marriage  they  located  upon  a  farm. 
Four  years  later  they  moved  to  Tazewell  County,  lU.,  where  the 
father  engaged  in  farming,  stock  raising,  and  trading  until  the  fall  of 
1856,  when  he,  with  his  family,  immigrated  to  Harrison  County,  Mo., 
where  the  father  died  June  15,  1882,  aged  eighty-two  years,  and  the 
mother  December  13,  1867,  aged  sixty-three  years.  The  father  was  a 
Democrat,  and  himself  and  wife  were  members  of  the  Christian 
Church.  James  M.  passed  his  boyhood  assisting  his  father  on  the 
farm  and  receiving  a  practical  English  education.  His  whole  life  has 
since  been  spent  in  farming  and  stock  raising,  and  he  now  owns 
upward  of  600  acres  of  land  in  the  home  tract,  the  VaUey  Grove  stock 
farm.     November  14,  1858,  in  Linn  County,  Iowa,  he  wedded  Miss 


BIOGRAPHICAL  APPENDIX.  553 

Mary  L.  Ashlock,  who  was  born  in  Tazewell  County,  III. ,  and  is  the 
daughter  of  James  and  Belinda  (TS'yckofF)  Ashlock.  To  this  union 
there  are  three  childi-en:  Mary  E. ,  Alvin  L.  and  George  H.  (deceased 
July  31,  1870).  Mr.  Hughes  is  a  Republican,  and  himself  and  family 
are  members  of  the  Christian  Church. 

Joseph  L.  Hunsicker  was  born  in  Perry  County,  Ohio,  in  1821, 
and  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Eve  (Parret)  Hunsicker,  natives  of  Virginia 
and  Pennsylvania,  respectively.  Both  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hunsicker  were 
of  German  descent,  and  their  respective  fathers  were  soldiers  in  the 
Revolutionary  War.  Jacob  Hunsicker  was  a  framer  and  carpenter, 
and  during  the  War  of  1812  served  as  quartermaster.  Both  himself 
and  wife  were  Christians,  and  after  their  marriage  moved  to  Ohio 
where  they  died.  Joseph  L.  Hunsicker  received  a  moderate  educa- 
tion during  his  youth,  and  also  learned  the  carpenter's  and  joiner's 
trade  at  which  he  worked  about  twelve  years.  In  1846  he  married 
Margaret  Hedges,  who  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1820,  and  by  whom  three 
sons  and  three  daughters  were  born.  In  1851  the  family  moved  to 
Illinois,  and  after  spending  six  years  there  came  to  Harrison  County, 
Mo. ,  in  1857,  where  they  have  since  made  their  home.  Diu-ing  the 
Rebellion  he  offered  his  services  to  his  country  three  times  (the  first 
times  the  company  was  not  made  up),  and  being  accepted  the  last  time 
joined  Company  D,  Twenty-third  Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry  for  three 
years,  but  was  discharged  at  the  expiration  of  six  months  on  account 
of  disability.  In  politics  Mr.  Hunsicker  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and 
has  filled  several  ofiices  of  trust  and  honor.  He  served  four  years  as 
justice  of  the  peace,  two  years  as  township  trustee,  and  is  now  a 
notary  public.  Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  rank  among  the  old  settlers  and  highly  respected  citizens 
of  this  part  of  the  country. 

Charles  B.  Hunsicker,  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  Hamilton 
Township,  and  son  of  Joseph  and  Margaret  (Hedges)  Hunsicker, 
was  born  in  Pickaway  County.  Ohio,  November  9,  1848.  When  quite 
small  he  was  taken  to  Illinois,  and  from  there  brougrht  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo.  His  early  education  was  very  meager  owing  to  the  scar- 
city of  schools  and  the  demand  for  his  services  at  home,  where  he 
remained,  assisting  his  father,  until  of  age.  He  then  attended  school, 
and  acquired  a  practical  business  education,  and  started  in  life  as  an 
independent  farmer.  His  father  gave  him  a  team,  and  he  bought  a  piece 
of  land  which  he  proceeded  to  improve  and  cultivate.  In  1875  he  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Jemima  T.  Loy,  who  was  born  in  Sangamon 
County,  111.,  in  1848,  and   is   a   daughter  of   Willis  and  L.  (Turner) 


554  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

Loy.  Mr.  Willis  Loy  was  born  in  Orange  County,  N.  C,  in  1806, 
and  when  young  went  to  Adair  County,  Ky.,  where  he  married 
Miss  Turner,  a  native  of  that  State,  in  1829.  In  1846  they  moved 
fi'om  there  to  Sangamon  County,  III.,  and  in  1853  came  to  HaiTison 
County,  Mo.,  where  Mrs.  Loy  died  in  1876.  Mr.  Loy  is  stUl  a  resi- 
dent of  this  county,  and  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church,  in  which 
faith  his  wife  died.  To  them  ten  children  were  born,  of  whom  four 
are  living.  Mr.  Loy  was  formerly  a  Whig,  and  cast  his  first  presiden- 
tial vote  for  Henry  Clay,  but  is  now  a  Republican.  The  iinion  of 
Mr.  Charles  Hunsicker  and  wife  has  been  blessed  with  two  children: 
George  L.  and  Gracie  May.  Our  subject  and  wife  are  worthy  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  in  politics  the  former  is 
Republican.  As  a  result  of  his  labor  and  industry  Mr.  Hunsicker 
owns  a  finely  improved  and  stocked  farm  of  600  acres. 

A.  J.  Jeffries  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Ohio,  October  8,  1830, 
and  is  a  son  of  Isaac  and  Nancy  (Fent)  Jeffries,  natives  of  Delaware 
and  Tennessee,  and  of  English  and  German  descent,  respectively. 
They  accompanied  their  parents  to  Ohio  when  young,  and  were  there 
married  and  engaged  in  farming  in  Fayette  County,  many  years.  In 
1858  the  father  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  made  his  home 
with  our  subject,  where  he  died.  The  mother  lived  with  A.  J.  Jeffries 
until  her  return  to  Ohio,  where  she  made  her  home  with  her  eldest 
married  daughter  whom  she  accompanied  to  Illinois.  She  died,  and 
was  buried  in  McLean  County  of  that  State.  Mr.  Jeffries  is  buried 
in  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  near  Pleasanton,  Iowa.  Of  a  family  of  ten 
children,  foiu-  are  supposed  to  be  living;  one  son  in  Missouri,  one 
in  Ohio,  Caleb  P.  and  our  subject.  A.  J.  Jeffries,  the  fourth  child, 
was  reared  in  his  native  county.  At  the  age  of  sixteen,  not  being  satis- 
fied with  the  management  of  the  farm,  he  induced  his  father  to  allow 
him  to  assume  the  control  of  same,  and  for  four  years  managed  it 
successfully.  In  1850  he  went  to  California,  where  he  spent  two 
years,  and  then  returned  to  Fayette  County.  November  7,  1852,  he 
married  Miss  Minerva  Rupert,  a  native  of  the  county,  and  a  daughter 
of  Henry  and  Rachel  (Fent)  Rupert,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Ten- 
nessee. ]Mr.  Jeffries  remained  in  Fayette  County  two  years  after  his 
marriage,  and  then  came  to  Clay  Township,  Han-ison  Co. ,  Mo. ,  where 
he  entered  160  acres  of  land,  and  has  since  resided.  To  his  original 
tract  he  has  since  added  land  until  he  is  now  one  of  the  substantial 
and  well-to-do  farmer  citizens  of  the  county,  his  property  being  the 
result  of  his  own  labor  and  good  management.  He  is  not  only  the 
wealthiest  man  of  his  township,  but  also  one  of  the  first  men  of  his 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  555 

county.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  during  the  war  served  in 
the  home  militia,  and  is  an  Ancient  Member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Jeffries  have  seven  living  children;  William  H. ;  Emily, 
wife  of  John  Carrico;  Louisa  J.,  wife  of  Newton  Brown;  Isaac  N. ; 
Rachel  I.,  wife  of  LeRoy  Brown;  Delaniel. ,  wife  of  William  Hamil- 
ton, and  Minnie  E. ,  wife  of  Sebastian  C.  Davis. 

Isaac  Johns  was  born  in  Warren  County,  Ohio,  November  16, 
1827,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Mehitable  (Minton)  Johns,  natives  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  of  Welsh  and  English  descent.  They  were  mar- 
ried in  Pennsylvania,  and  then  located  upon  a  farm  where  they 
remained  four  years.  They  then  resided  in  Ohio  until  1844,  at  which 
time  they  moved  to  Indiana,  where  they  died  in  1862  and  1874  re- 
spectively, both  having  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of  eighty.  Isaac  is 
one  of  a  family  of  sixteen  children,  and  grew  to  manhood  upon  his 
father's  farm.  He  received  a  common-school  education  during  his 
youth,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  left  home  and  went  to  Portland, 
Ind. ,  where  for  eighteen  months  he  read  medicine  with  Dr.  Sla- 
ven.  In  the  fall  of  1851  he  attended  a  course  of  lectures,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1852  went  to  California  by  water.  There  he  was  interested 
in  minino;  eighteen  months  and  then  turned  his  attention  to  the  mer- 
cantile  and  lumber  business.  In  January,  1857,  he  returned  to  Parke 
County,  Ind. ,  and  the  following  April  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. , 
where  ho  has  since  engaged  in  farming,  and  now  owns  290  acres 
of  good  land.  October  20,  1862,  he  married  Miss  Matilda  A.  Dehart, 
a  native  of  Indiana,  who  died  December  1,  1872,  leaving  four  sons. 
Mr.  Johns  was  married  a  second  time  to  Mrs.  Charlotte  Shaw,  whose 
maiden  name  was  Muir,  and  who  was  born  in  Canada  April  11,  1845, 
whither  her  parents  had  emigrated  from  Scotland  when  young.  By 
this  marriage  four  children  were  born;  Alice  M. ,  born  May  8,  1876; 
Isaac  T.,  born  October  22,  1877;  J.  N.,  born  August  20,  1879, 
deceased  October  19,  1881,  and  M.  C,  born  August  7,  1882.  Mr. 
Johns  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  His  first  wife  was  connected  with 
the  Missionary  Baptist  Chiu'ch,  and  his  second  wife  is  a  member  of 
the  sect  known  as  Latter  Day  Saints. 

James  Johnson  was  born  near  Lexington,  Ky. ,  March  22,  1820. 
His  father,  Travers  Johnson,  was  a  son  of  John  Johnson,  who  was  an 
early  settler  in  Kentucky,  and  was  killed  by  the  Indians  in  his  own 
house  when  Travers  was  a  child.  The  latter  grew  to  manhood,  and 
married  Betsey  Ann  Hardin,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  He  moved  to  Vigo 
County,  Ind.,  about  1823,  and  in  1840  settled  in  the  territory  then 
known  as  Daviess  County,  which  is  now  Harrison  County.     Here  the 


556  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

father  pre-empted  land,  but  afterward  removed  to  Ray  County,  where 
he  died  in  1865.  Coming  to  Missouri  when  game  and  wild  animals 
were  abundant  he  became  a  great  hunter,  and  spent  much  time  kill- 
ing deer  and  game.  James  Johnson  came  to  Missouri  with  his  father 
in  1840,  and  about  that  time  married  Mahala  Spurgeon,  who  died 
about  five  years  later.  Three  childi-en  she  had  borne  died  also  about 
the  same  time.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Johnson  entered  eightj'  acres 
of  land,  and  located  in  Butler  Township.  He  has  improved  three 
farms  in  Harrison  County  and  one  in  Ray  County  since  coming  to  this 
State,  and  moved  upon  his  present  place  in  1860.  In  August,  1861, 
he  enlisted  in  the  Twenty -third  Missouri  Infantry  for  three  years,  and 
served  until  discharged  for  disability,  October  8,  1862,  at  which  time  he 
was  a  sergeant  of  Company  E.  He  was  in  a  number  of  minor  engage- 
ments, and  participated  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  where  many  of  his 
company  were  killed  and  wounded;  he,  however,  was  but  taken  pris- 
oner, and  soon  after  effected  an  escape.  For  some  time  he  lay  at  the 
point  of  death  at  the  Post  Hospital  at  St.  Louis.  After  his  discharge 
Mr.  Johnson  returned  home,  and  has  since  been  a  resident  of  HaiTison 
County.  February  4,  1846,  he  married  Elizabeth  Spxu'geon,  a  sister 
of  his  first  wife,  and  daughter  of  Amos  Spurgeon,  a  pioneer  settler  of 
Missoui'i,  who  came  from  Putnam  County,  Ind.  This  union  has  been 
blessed  with  four  children:  Hiram,  married,  and  living  in  Bethany; 
William  R. ;  James  H. ,  and  Martha,  died  aged  five.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Johnson  are  Methodists,  and  in  politics  the  former  has  always  been  a 
stanch  Republican.  He  is  a  successful  farmer,  and  resides  upon  160 
acres  of  well  cultivated  land,  situated  three  and  one  half  miles  from 
Bethany. 

S.  W.  Judkins,  a  prominent  farmer  of  Harrison  County,  was  born 
February  17,  1834,  in  Logan  County,  Ky.,  and  was  the  eldest  of  seven 
children  of  Samuel  Warren  and  Rebecca  (Hines)  Judkins.  His  par- 
ents were  natives,  respectively,  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  in  which 
places  they  were  reared,  but  came  with  their  parents  to  Logan  County, 
Ky. ,  where  they  were  married.  Mr.  Judkins  chiefly  resided  in  Logan 
County  until  his  father's  death  in  1859.  Soon  after  this  the  mother 
started  westward  with  five  of  the  younger  children,  and  located  in 
Golden,  Colo.,  where  she  is  still  residing  with  her  son,  Charles.  The 
subject  of  our  sketch  received  only  a  limited  education  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  county,  went  to  Marion  County,  111. ,  with  the 
family,  when  he  was  about  eighteen  years  old  (they  resided  in  Illi- 
nois about  two  years),  but  at  the  age  of  twenty  pushed  still  fuiilier 
west,  and  settled  in  Worth  County,  Mo. ,  in  1854.     After  four  years' 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  557 

residence  there  he  married,  and  still  remained  until  the  spring  of 
1866,  when  the  family  moved  to  Jasper  County  of  the  same  State, 
resided  there  however  only  until  the  fall  of  1867,  when  he  came  to 
Harrison  County.  At  first  he  located  on  the  farm  now  owned  by  the 
Chamberlain  heirs,  and  situated  in  the  eastern  part  of  Washington 
Township.  After  one  year' s  residence  on  this  farm  he  made  his  final 
move  to  the  farm  he  had  purchased,  situated  in  Section  23,  Township 
65  North,  Range  29  West,  and  where  he  has  since  resided.  Julia, 
daughter  of  Philip  and  Juda  (Everett)  Hess,  was  born  March  31,  1837, 
in  Lehigh  County,  Penn. ,  and  accompanied  her  parents  to  Clinton 
County,  Ind. ,  when  two  years  of  age.  There  she  was  reared  and  edu- 
cated iintil  1856,  in  the  spring  of  which  year  her  parents  emigrated 
westward,  and  after  making  a  short  stay  in  Iowa,  finally  settled  in 
Harrison  County,  Mo.  They  located  on  the  tract  of  land  now  owned 
by  Marion  Denton,  situated  in  the  eastern  part  of  Washington  Town- 
ship, where  they  resided  until  the  father' s  death.  The  mother  is  still 
living  in  the  same  township.  Julia  Hess  was  married  to  S.  W.  Jud- 
kins,  September  9,  1858,  and  as  a  result  of  this  marriage  there  were 
eleven  children  (three  dead).  The  surviving  ones  are  Luther  P., 
James  Walker,  William  T. ,  Charles  Francis,  Sherman  H.,  Juda  El- 
len, Lutitia  and  Frank.  Mr.  Judkins  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and 
cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Millard  Fillmore  in  1856.  Previous  to 
the  war  he  was  a  Democrat,  but  did  not  favor  the  election  of  Buchanan. 
Although  always  a  hearty  advocate  of  his  party,  he  has  never  been  a 
political  aspirant,  but  was,  however,  elected  justice  of  the  peace  of 
Washington  Township,  and  served  satisfactorily  for  one  term,  but 
refused  re-election.  He  is  a  demitted  member  of  Blue  Lodge  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  though  still  a  full  member  of  Bethany  Chapter, 
No.  80.  His  wife  and  two  eldest  children  are  members  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church.  When  Mr.  Judkins  first  located  on  his  present  farm  he 
owned  but  120  acres,  but  by  the  industry  and  persistent  efforts  of  him- 
self and  worthy  wife  he  now  has  a  fine  farm  of  400  acres,  the  most  of 
which  is  cleared,  and  in  a  fine  state  of  cultivation.  The  family  is  a 
prominent  one  in  the  county,  and  is  respected  and  honored  by  all  who 
know  them. 

George  W.  Kelly,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  Jefferson  Township, 
HaiTison  Co. ,  Mo. ,  is  a  native  of  Greene  County,  East  Tenn. ,  and  son 
of  David  and  Rebecca  (McCoy)  Kelly,  of  the  same  county  and  State. 
The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject  was  John  Kelly,  who  emi- 
grated from  Ireland  to  the  United  States  in  an  early  day,  and  settled 
in  Greene  County,  Tenn.     He  was  a  farmer  and  school  teacher,  and 


558  HAEKISON   COUNTY. 

died  in  Tennessee  about  the  year  1833.  David  Kelly  was  a  carpenter 
and  millwright,  which  trades  he  carried  on  for  many  years,  having 
worked  at  farming  in  his  younger  days.  He  died  about  the  year  1847 
or  1848  in  Hamilton  County,  111.,  while  on  a  visit  to  a  son.  Rebecca 
(McCoy)  Kelly  departed  this  life  in  Greene  County,  Tenn. ,  about  1856, 
at  the  age  of  fifty-six  years.  She  was  a  devoted  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist Church,  and  her  husband  belonged  to  the  Presbyterian  denomi- 
nation. Ml-,  and  Mrs.  Kelly  raised  a  family  of  eight  children,  three 
of  whom  are  now  living:  Eliza,  Margaret,  and  George  Wells,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch.  George  W.  Kelly  passed  his  youth  and  early  man- 
hood on  his  father's  fai-m,  and  received  his  early  education  in  such 
schools  as  the  country  at  that  time  afforded.  He  remained  with  his 
parents  until  about  nineteen  years  of  age,  at  which  time  he  came  to 
Missouri,  and  engaged  in  life  for  himself  as  a  farmer  in  Johnson  and 
Pettis  Counties.  He  attended  school  at  intervals  for  two  years,  and 
also  taught  three  terms  in  the  above  couilties.  In  1846  he  returned 
to  Greene  County,  Tenn. ,  and  for  some  time  thereafter  attended  Tus- 
culum  College,  where  he  obtained  a  knowledge  of  the  higher  branches 
of  learning.  After  quitting  school  he  engaged  in  teaching  for  a  while, 
and  subsequently  worked  at  carpentering  and  millwrighting,  which 
trades  he  previously  learned  with  his  father  and  uncles.  In  1851  he 
went  to  Indiana,  and  located  in  Tippecanoe  County,  where  until  1857 
he  followed  the  carpentering  business,  teaching  school  at  intervals. 
In  the  latter  year  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  settled  four 
miles  north  of  Bethany,  in  Jefferson  Township,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  has  been  engaged  in  carpentering,  teaching  and  farming 
since  coming  to  the  county,  in  all  of  which  he  has  met  with  encour- 
aging success.  Politically  Mr.  Kelly  is  a  Democrat,  but  votes  for  the 
man  rather  than  party.  He  has  never  aspired  to  political  preferment, 
but  has  held  several  positions  of  trust,  among  which  were  township 
trustee,  township  clerk  and  justice  of  the  peace.  He  is  at  this  time  a 
strong  advocate  of  prohibition,  believing  that  to  be  for  the  best  inter- 
est of  the  country.  On  the  8th  of  April,  1849,  Mr.  Kelly  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Elizabeth  Alexander,  of  Greene  County,  Tenn.,  a 
union  blessed  with  the  birth  of  six  children,  three  of  whom,  Isabella 
Angeline,  Elizabeth  Caroline  and  George  William,  are  living.  The 
names  of  the  deceased  children  are  James  W. ,  Maria  Jane  Burgin  and 
an  infant,  William  C.  Mr.  Kelly  is  an  active  member  of  the  Method- 
ist Church,  having  identified  himself  with  the  same  about  the  year 
1847.  For  the  last  twenty  years  he  has  been  a  licensed  exhorter  in 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South.     Mrs.  Kelly  is  also  a  Method- 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  559 

ist,  having  joined  the  church  while  quite  young.  Mr.  Kelly  began  life 
with  no  capital  but  a  determination  to  succeed.  He  owns  at  this  time 
a  valuable  farm,  the  result  of  his  own  enterprise  and  efforts,  and  is 
justly  considered  one  of  the  representative  citizens  of  Harrison  County. 

John  W.  Kenyon  was  born  in  WaiTen  County,  N.  Y. ,  March  3, 
1845,  and  is  a  son  of  Phineas  and  Elizabeth  (Ross)  Kenyon,  natives, 
respectively,  of  Rhode  Island  and  Vermont.  Phineas  was  a  son  of 
John  S.  Kenyon,  who  served  through  the  Revolutionary  War.  Phin- 
eas was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  Elizabeth  Ross  was  a  daughter 
of  Samuel  Ross,  who  served  in  the  Revolutionary  War  as  one  of  Wash- 
ington's body  guard.  Phineas  emigrated  westward  from  New  York, 
in  1855,  and  located  in  Henry  County,  111. ,  where  he  farmed  until  his 
death  in  September,  1863.  The  mother  died-in  Ness  County,  Kas., 
on  November  29,  1879.  John  W.  is  the  only  child  born  of  this  union, 
although  both  his  father  and  mother  had  children  by  a  previous  mar- 
riage, who  are  now  residents  of  New  York  State,  Vermont  and  Kan- 
sas. John  W.  was  reared  to  manhood  in  Illinois,  and  fi-om  there 
enlisted  in  the  Union  army  in  1862,  in  Company  K,  One  Hundi-ed  and 
Twelfth  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  in  which,  after  serving  as  private 
over  a  year,  he  was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  occasioned  by 
an  injury  received  while  in  service.  In  1868  he  came  to  Bethany, 
Mo.,  and  engaged  in  the  marble  business  two  years.  He  then  served 
four  years  as  deputy  sheriff  and  collector  and  then  as  deputy  county 
clerk  two  years.  In  1874  he  was  elected  county  clerk,  and  filled  that 
position  nearly  three  years  and  then  resigned.  In  1880  he  resumed 
the  marble  business  in  Bethany,  which  is  the  only  enterprise  of  the 
kind  in  the  tovro,  and  in  which  he  is  meeting  with  good  success. 
November  15,  1870,  he  married  Mary  A.,  daughter  of  M.  K.  Howell, 
Esq.,  who  died  in  1875,  leaving  two  children:  Maud  T.  and  Guy  M. 
October  17,  1876  he  was  married  to  Hetta  J.,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Bm-ns,  of  McFall,  Mo.,  formerly  a  resident  of  Bethany.  To  this 
union  two  children  have  been  born:  Omer  J.  and  Lucy  R.  Mi'.  Ken- 
yon has  always  been  a  Republican  in  his  political  views,  and  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  local  political  affairs.  He  also  served  as  deputy  cir- 
cuit clerk  and  recorder  from  January,  1883  to  1887.  He  is  now 
deputy  sheriff,  and  clerk  and  assessor  of  Bethany  Township,  and  is 
one  of  the  public -spirited  men  of  the  city.  He  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
of  P.,  G.  A.  R.,  and  a  Select  Knight  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  Himself  and 
wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Bethany. 

Thomas  D.  P.  Kidwell,  was  born  October  2,  1824,  near  Richmond, 
Madison   Co.,    Ky. ,   the    only    son  in  his  parents'    family.     In   the 


560  HAKBISON    COUNTY. 

autumn  of  1835  he  moved  to  Henry  County,  Ky.,  where  the  father 
was  engaged  in  teaching  for  two  years,  but  on  account  of  failing 
health  resumed  farming  in  connection  with  carpenter  work.  To  this 
occupation  Thomas  was  reared,  receiving  a  limited  common-school 
education,  but  growing  up  to  habits  of  true  moral  worth  and  energy. 
October,  31,  1848,  he  was  married  to  Rebecca  E.  Magee,  daughter  of 
John  and  Elizabeth  Magee,  of  Henry  County,  Ky.  She  was  born 
October  20,  1829,  and  became  the  mother  of  ten  children:  Livonia, 
born  August  9,  1849,  died  May  6,  1851;  Lemima  B. ,  born  July  16, 
1851,  died  September  7,  1858;  Josephine,  born  October  13,  1853, 
married  Elijah  P.  Jessee,  April  11,  1872;  Ben  F.  S.,  bom  November 
12,  1855,  married  Laura  E.  Edson,  November  24,  1877;  Emma  F., 
born  February  4.  1858,  married  John  E.  Barnes,  February  24,  1878; 
Julia  A.  born  December  27,  1860,  married  January  10,  1879,  to 
George  W.  Eberhart  (who  is  now  deceased);  John  Freemont,  born 
November  18,  1862,  maiTied  Eugenia  Hamilton,  April  3,  1887; 
Rebecca  E.,  born  March  8,  1865;  Alvin  P.,  born  January  6,  1868, 
and  OUia  Jane,  born  December  20,  1879.  In  the  autumn  of  1855 
Mr.  Kidwell  removed  from  Kentucky  to  Gentry  County,  Mo. ,  remain- 
ing there  until  March,  1858,  when  he  located  near  Martinsville,  Har- 
rison County,  and  began  the  improvement  of  his  land,  which  had  been 
entered  in  1854  and  1855.  Shortly  after  his  settlement  here  the  war 
broke  out,  and  during  that  struggle  his  actions  were  ever  character- 
ized by  an  effort  to  help  those  upon  whom  the  misfortunes  of  war  rested 
so  heavily.  He  also  tui-ned  his  attention  to  civil  affairs,  and  filled  the 
positions  of  justice  of  the  peace,  assessor,  surveyor,  etc.  In  every 
position  of  life  in  which  Mr.  Kidwell  has  been  situated  he  has  adhered 
humbly  and  faithfully  to  the  principles  of  practical  Christianity,  the 
religion  which  he  embraced  when  seventeen  years  old.  His  wife  and 
children  are  members  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  in  which  he  has  served 
as  deacon  and  also  elder.  His  line  farm  of  230  acres  is  well  improved, 
and  well  stocked.  Mr.  Kidwell  takes  an  active  interest  in  educational 
matters,  and  is  ever  ready  to  aid  all  worthy  public  improvements. 
His  parents  were  Benjamin  W.  and  Rebecca  (Taylor)  Kidwell,  the 
former  born  June  13,  1801,  and  the  latter  October  1,  1804.  She 
died  March  20,  1834.  The  father  subseqtieutly  married,  October  21, 
1834,  Celia  Johnson,  whose  death  occurred  July  29,  1859;  he  died 
July  8,  1858.  Mr.  Kidwell' s  grandfather  was  Thomas  Kidwell,  and 
his  father,  Jonathan  Kidwell,  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier.  He  was  of 
Welsh  origin,  the  family  settling  in  Maryland  or  Virginia  in  an  early 
day.  Mrs.  Thomas  Kidwell' s  grandfather  was  also  a  participant  in 
the  War  of  tho  rvovolntion. 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  561 

J.  C.  Kimbrough  was  bom  November  18,  1847,  in  Edgar  County, 
111.,  and  moved  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  August,  1866,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  started  out  in  the 
world  for  himself  as  a  day  laborer,  but  has  risen  in  life  until  he  is  now 
•  the  owner  of  200  acres  of  excellently  improved  land,  which  is  all  the 
result  of  his  business  ability,  industry  and  good  management.  Octo- 
bei"  26,  1879,  he  married  Miss  Amanda  Bondurant,  daughter  of  E. 
J.  and  K.  M.  Bondurant,  who  bore  him  two  cbildi-en:  Charles  G., 
and  one  who  died  unnamed.  Mrs.  Kimbrough  died  October  21,  1880, 
and  in  April,  1882,  Mr.  Kimbrough  was  united  in  marriage  with  Mrs. 
Rosanna  Giiymon,  nee  McGowen.  Mrs.  Kimbrough  is  a  daughter 
of  John  and  Eunice  (Jones)  McGowen,  and  the  mother  of  one  child 
— John  V.  Kimbrough.  Mrs.  Kimbrough  is  a  member  of  the  Mis- 
sionary Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Kimbrough  is  a  Democrat  in  politics, 
and  is  a  member  of  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry.  He  is  the  third  of 
six  children  born  to  Goldman  and  Pamela  (James)  Kimbrough,  natives 
of  Kentucky  and  Indiana,  respectively.  The  mother  died  in  June, 
1857,  and  the  father  in  1859  married  Miss  A.  Jane  Knight,  who  bore 
him  five  children.  He  was  a  carpenter  by  trade,  and  served  his  town- 
ship in  several  local  offices.  He  was  a  son  of  Richard  and  Jane 
(Morrison)  Kimbrough,  natives  of  Alabama  and  Kentucky,  resjiect- 
ively.  Richard  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  under  Gen.  Jack- 
son, and  was  the  first  school  teacher  in  Edgar  County,  111.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  battle  of  New  Orleans,  and  was  also  a  soldier  in  the 
Florida  War.  His  death  resulted  from  a  wound  received  in  the  A^'ar 
of  1812. 

Simon  P.  King  was  born  in  Monongalia  County,  W.  Va.,  October 
7,  1827,  and  is  a  son  of  William  arnd  Celia  (Bailey)  King,  both  na- 
tives of  Greene  County,  Penn.  The  father  came  west  to  Iowa  in  the 
fall  of  1853,  and  the  following  year  located  in  Harrison  County. 
Himself  and  wife  are  now  residents  of  Bethany,  aged,  respectively, 
eighty -two  and  eighty- four  years.  Of  five  sons  and  eight  daughters 
born  to  them,  four  sons  and  five  daughters  are  now  living :  Simon  B. ; 
Frances  Marion;  Hannah,  wife  of  John  Oxford;  Irena,  widow  of  Isaac 
Wheeler;  Furtinna,  wife  of  Matthew  Hogan,and  Elizabeth, wife  of  John 
Lark,  are  residents  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.  The  first  named  was 
reared  to  manhood  on  farms  in  Virginia  and  Ohio,  and  came  west 
with  his  parents,  wife  and  family  in  1853.  He  first  located  upon  a  farm, 
five  miles  north  of  Bethany,  and  in  1869  came  to  the  town,  where  he 
engaged  in  the  grocery  business  until  1880.  He  was  then  elected 
treasui'er  of   Harrison  County,   and   after   serving   two   terms  of  two 


562  HAEEISON   COUNTY. 

years  each  in  a  faithful  and  efficient  manner,  returned  to  the  grocery 
business.  In  September,  1886,  he  engaged  in  the  retail  meat  busi- 
ness in  his  store  one  block  east  of  the  southeast  corner  of  the  public 
square,  where  he  is  doing  well.  In  June,  1847,  he  mamed  Ruhania 
Dunlap,  also  a  native  of  Monongalia  County,  W.  Va. ,  by  whom  he 
has  three  children:  Delilah,  wife  of  William  J.  Taylor;  William  J., 
and  Mary  J.,  wife  of  Alexander  Jennings.  Mr.  King  is  a  successful 
and  reliable  business  man,  and  in  politics  is  a  Republican.  Himself 
and  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  Church. 

Robert  D.  Kiag,  M.  D.,  of  Bethany,  Mo.,  was  born  December  12, 
1837,  in  Bale  de  Vert,  Westmoreland  Co.,  New  Brunswick,  and  is  a 
son  of  Robert  and  Nancy  (Goodwin)  King,  natives  of  Canada. 
Robert  D.  was  reared  to  manhood,  and  educated  in  Canada,  and  in 
1860  attended  the  Portland,  Me.,  Medical  School,  preparatory  for 
college.  From  there  he  went  to  Philadelphia,  and  attended  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  March, 
1862,  graduating  from  that  institute.  He  then  practiced  his  chosen 
profession  four  years  in  his  native  county,  and  in  September,  1866, 
came  to  Missoiu'i,  practicing  in  Caldwell  County  until  December, 
1877,  and  then  coming  to  Bethany,  where  he  has  since  enjoyed  a 
lucrative  patronage.  June  10,  1878,  he  married  Mary,  daughter  of 
John  S.  Allen,  of  Bethany.  Dr.  King  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and 
is  president  of  the  board  of  United  States  pension  examiners  for  this 
point. 

John  Kinion  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Ind. ,  in  1820,  and 
is  a  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Hoggatt)  Kinion,  natives  of  North  Caro- 
lina, who  were  taken  to  Indiana  when  children  and  there  reared. 
After  their  marriage  they  spent  their  entire  lives  in  Washington 
County,  where  they  died  when  John  was  a  child.  The  father  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation,  and  to  himself  and  wife  three  children  were 
born:  Hester,  John  and  Rebecca,  of  whom  John  is  the  only  survivor. 
John  Kinion,  Jr.,  was  reared  in  the  Quaker  faith,  and  lived  with  his 
mother's  people  until  February  29,  1844,  when  he  was  married  to 
Artemecia  B.  Freeman,  by  whom  he  had  nine  children,  seven  now 
living  and  all  save  the  eldest  son,  who  resides  in  Wyoming,  liv- 
ing in  Missoui-i.  Mr.  Kinion  remained  in  Washington  County,  Ind., 
until  1847,  then  removing  to  Wapello  County,  Iowa.  In  1856  he 
came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  now  owns  a  good  farm  of 
200  acres  in  Madison  Township,  140  being  imder  good  cultivation. 
Mrs.  Kinion  was  a  member  of  the  United  Brethern  Chiuch,  and  died 
in  Harrison  County,  in  1870,  being  buried  in  Mount  Pleasant  Ceme- 


BIOGBAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  563 

tery.  Three  years  later  Mr.  Kinion  married  Mrs.  Nancy  Young. 
During  the  war  Mr.  Kinion  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Missouri  State 
Militia,  Col.  King's  command.  In  February,  1863,  his  company  was 
transferred  to  the  Sixth,  previous  to  which  it  participated  in  the 
battle  at  Springfield,  and  afterward  in  several  skirmishes.  He  was  dis- 
charged in  December,  1863,  on  account  of  physical  disability.  Since 
the  war  Mr.  Kinion  has  been  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  is  a  member 
of  the  G.  A.  R.      He  is  united  with  the  Methodist  Church  at  present. 

William  Knott  was  born  in  December,  1821,  in  Fayette  County, 
Ind.,  and,  at  the  age  of  nineteen  moved  to  Randolph  County,  Ind. , 
where  he  was  married,  and  ten  years  later  moved  to  Tazewell  Coimty, 
111. ,  where  he  became  a  prominent  citizen,  taking  an  active  part  in 
the  upbuilding  of  the  town  of  Delavan,  and  being  the  foremost  man 
in  securing  the  county  fair  at  that  town.  He  moved  to  HaiTison 
County,  Mo.,  in  January,  1881,  and  engaged  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness at  Hatfield  for  four  years,  since  which  time  he  has  been  interested 
in  farming  and  stock  raising.  AVhile  in  Delavan,  111. ,  he  was  quite 
an  extensive  shipper  and  buyer  of  stock,  and  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Knott  &  Snideker,  harness  and  saddle  manufacturers.  He  began  life 
for  himself  at  the  age  of  nineteen  with  no  capital,  but  has  so  well  suc- 
ceeded in  his  business  ventures  that  he  is  now  the  owner  of  1,100  acres 
of  well  improved  land  in  Harrison  County,  and  also  owns  some  valu- 
able town  property  in  Delavan.  September  9,  1842,  he  maiTied  Miss 
Margaret  Clark,  a  native  of  Randolph  County,  Ind.,  and  a  daughter 
of  John  Clark,  who  married  a  Miss  Huffman.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Knott  seven  children  have  been  born:  Smith  A.,  MaryE.,  John  L. , 
Andrew  J. ,  William  C. ,  Franklin  (deceased)  and  Charles  H.  Mr. 
Knott  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  has  served  as  school  director  at 
Delavan  and  other  places  where  he  has  made  his  home.  He  is  a 
Master  Mason,  and  himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian 
Chiu'ch.  He  is  the  second  of  nine  children  born  to  Ephraim  and 
Agnes  (Hyers)  Knott,  natives  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York.  The 
father  was  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  a  son  of  William  and 
Sarah  Ann  (Peyton)  Knott,  who  were  of  German  descent.  William 
Knott  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812  and  the  Revolution.  The 
maternal  grandparents  of  our  subj  ect,  William  and  Sarah  Ann  Hyers, 
were  natives  of  New  York  State. 

John  W.  Lark  was  born  in  Canton  Berne,  Switzerland,  June  26, 
1829,  and  is  the  son  of  Anton  and  Elizabeth  Christine  Lark,  the 
former  of  whom  died  when  John  W.  was  but  four  years  old.  Brought 
up  by  his  kind  and  affectionate  mother  he  received  a  common-school 


564  HAKRISON   COUNTY. 

education,  and  remained  at  home  until  his  mother's  death,  at  which 
time  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age.  Subsequently  he  was  occupied  in 
working  upon  farms,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty,  in  accordance  with  the 
laws  of  his  country,  served  as  a  soldier.  In  1854  he  sailed  for  America, 
landing  at  New  York,  and  removing  thence  to  Ohio  where  he  resumed 
agricultural  pursuits.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Missouri,  locating  near 
St.  Joseph,  where  for  a  while  he  was  occupied  in  hauling  rock  to  that 
city.  In  the  meantime  he  had  entered  160  acres  of  Government 
land  in  Harrison  County,  to  the  improvement  of  which  he  now  turned 
his  attention.  July  1,  1860,  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  King,  who 
was  born  September  20,  1844,  in  Virginia.  She  removed  with  her 
parents  to  this  county  in  1854.  Some  time  after  his  marriage  Sir. 
Lark  became  a  true  citizen  of  the  United  States  by  taking  out  his 
naturalization  papers.  In  1864  he  changed  his  religious  views  from 
the  Lutheran  faith  in  which  he  had  been  reared  to  the  faith  of  the 
Christian  denomination.  In  1865  he  disposed  of  his  old  homestead, 
and  pui'chased  over  400  acres  near  Eagleville,  HaiTison  County,  upon 
which  he  now  resides.  To  Mr.  Lark  and  wife  seven  sons  and  six 
daughters  have  been  born:  Christine  S.,  born  June  26,  1861;  Mary 
F.,  born  November  27,  1863,  died  when  nine  years  old;  William  S., 
born  January  29,  1866;  John  H. ,  born  February  14,  1868;  Simon 
Peter,  born  February  23,  1870;  Libby  F.,  born  February  10,  1872, 
died  when  one  year  old;  Jacob  S. ,  born  January  8,  1874;  Wilda  M., 
born  September  13,  1876;  Bertha  A.,  born  November  16,  1878;  Eosa 
B.,  born  September  19,  1879;  James  A.,  born  December  12,  1881; 
Nora  E.,  born  March  16,  1883:  Frederick  G.,  born  August  4,  1886. 

"Wesley  Leazenby  was  born  in  Pickaway  County,  Ohio,  in  1832, 
and  is  a  son  of  Joshua  and  Lucinda  (Toothaker)  Leazenby.  The  father 
of  the  former,  Thomas  Leazenby,  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  and  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  Joshua  Leazenby' s  birth  occurred 
near  Harper' s  Ferry,  Va.  The  mother  was  born  in  the  northeastern  por- 
tion of  Ohio.  The  father  was  a  minister  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Chiu'ch,  and  when  a  boy  went  to  Pickaway  County,  Ohio,  where  he 
farmed  in  connection  with  his  ministerial  duties  for  many  years.  He 
was  married  in  that  county,  and  there  both  himself  and  wife  died,  the 
latter  surviving  her  husband  nearly  half  a  centuiy,  and  never  again 
marrying.  Wesley  was  reared  under  the  parental  roof,  and  at  the 
age  of  eighteen  went  to  Miami  County,  Ind. ,  and  a  year  later  returned 
to  Ohio,  and  with  his  youngest  brother  purchased  the  old  homestead. 
In  1854  he  was  married  to  Miss  Celia  Lima,  a  native  of  that  county, 
and  daughter  of  Harrison  and   Jincy  Lima.     In  1855  Mr.  Leazenby 


BIOGEAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  565 

started  west  in  search  of  a  new  home,  and  first  went  to  Wapello 
County,  Iowa.  After  voting  for  Fremont  in  1856  he  came  directly  to 
Harrison  County.  Mo. ,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  In  1862  he 
enlisted  in  the  Sixth  Missouri  Cavalry,  Col.  Cathwood's  command, 
imder  Capt.  Page,  and  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Painter  Creek 
on  August  8,  1862,  by  some  of  Porter's  men.  Having  been  shot 
through  the  shoulder  he  has  since  been  unable  to  work,  and  for  his 
disability  di'aws  a  pension  of  $12  per  month.  After  receiving  his  dis- 
charge in  1863,  he  returned  home,  where  he  now  has  a  well  stocked 
and  improved  farm  in  Madison  Township.  The  home  place  contains 
320  acres,  foiu-  miles  south  of  Gainesville,  and  altogether  he  owns 
nearly  one  section,  all  in  Harrison  County.  To  himself  and  wife  six 
children  have  been  born,  four  of  whom  are  living:  Mary  L.,  Jincy  E., 
Ulysses  Grant  and  John  W.  The  two  eldest  are  married.  In  politics 
Mr.  Leazenby  is  a  Republican. 

H.  C.  Lessley  was  born  in  Augusta  County,  Va. ,  May  9,  1834, 
and  is  a  son  of  James  and  Mary  (Crawford)  Lessley,  who  were  of 
Irish  and  Scotch  descent,  and  were  married  in  Virginia,  where  the 
father  passed  his  life  engaged  in  farming.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the 
Revolutionary  War  and  the  War  of  1812,  and  to  himself  and  wife  ten 
children  were  born,  of  whom  seven  are  living,  all  save  our  subject 
being  residents  of  Virginia.  The  father  was  an  extensive  land  holder, 
an  earnest  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  lived  to  the  age 
of  eighty-five  years.  The  mother  was  one  hundred  years  of  age  upon 
her  last  birthday,  and  is  still  living  in  Augusta  County,  Va. ,  which 
was  her  native  county.  She  has  been  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  seventy-five  years.  H.  C.  Lessley  remained  at  home  until 
sixteen  years  of  age,  and  then  began  life  for  himself  with  62J  cents  in 
money,  by  working  at  his  trade,  that  of  a  printer.  He  was  thus 
engaged  in  Staunton,  Augusta  County,  for  about  five  years,  and  then 
finding  that  a  sedentary  life  was  ruining  his  health,  began  the  study 
of  surveying,  which,  however  he  never  practiced.  In  1856  he  went 
to  Poweshiek  County,  Iowa,  and  ten  months  later  came  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo.,  where  in  1857  he  entered  400  acres  of  land  which  he 
proceeded  to  improve.  August  24,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D, 
Twenty-third  Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry. 

Merritt  Lewis,  a  citizen  of  Bethany,  Mo. ,  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and 
Susan  (Wise)  Lewis,  natives  of  North  Carolina  and  West  Virginia, 
respectively,  and  was  born  March  12,  1839.  The  father  moved  to 
Indiana  with  his  family  about  1841,  where  he  died.  Merritt  grew  to 
manhood  in  Indiana  and  Illinois  upon  farms,  and  during  the  Rebellion 


566  HARKISON    COUNTY. 

enlisted  in  Company  E,  Fifty-lirst  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  in 
which  he  served  four  years  as  a  private  and  non-commissioned  officer. 
In  1865  he  came  toMissoari,  and  located  in  Harrison  County,  where  he 
has  since  made  his  residence,  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising 
very  successfully.  He  owns  a  fine  farm  of  240  acres  in  Bethany 
Township,  located  one  mile  south  of  the  town,  in  which  he  resides, 
and  also  is  the  owner  of  other  valuable  farming  land,  and  several 
pieces  of  good  town  property.  He  is  a  self-made  man,  having  com- 
menced life  with  but  little  means,  and  by  his  own  unaided  efforts  suc- 
ceeded in  accumulating  a  handsome  competency.  Mr.  Lewis  was 
married  in  this  county  to  Mary  J.  Copeland,  a  native  of  Ohio,  which 
union  has  been  blessed  with  four  children,  now  living:  Charles,  John 
Claude,  Bert  and  Grace.  Mr.  Lewis  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  He 
is  a  Master  Mason,  and  is  classed  among  Harrison  County' s  prosperous 
business  men. 

John  Lilly  was  born  in  Ross  County,  Ohio,  in  1833,  and  is  a 
son  of  John  and  Rebecca  (Storm)  Lilly,  natives  of  Virginia  and 
Ohio,  respectively.  The  father  gave  his  attention  to  farming  as 
an  occupation,  and  when  a  young  man  went  to  Ohio,  where  he  was 
married  about  1808.  From  there  he  went  to  Indiana,  and  then  to 
Illinois,  where  he  assisted  in  the  war  against  the  Mormons.  He  then 
went  to  Livingston  County,  Mo.,  where  he  died  in  1863.  He  was  a 
strong  Union  man  diiring  the  war,  and  for  the  preservation  of  the 
Union  spent  much  time  and  money.  He  was  an  earnest  worker  in  the 
Christian  Church,  to  which  he  gave  three  acres  of  land  in  Livingston 
County,  where  he  is  now  buried,  and  upon  which  the  Lilly  Grove 
Church  is  erected.  He  died  at  the  age  of  fifty-seven,  and  was  shortly 
after  followed  by  his  widow,  who  had  removed  to  Jamesport,  Mo. 
Her  maiden  name  was  Rebecca  Matthews,  and  her  union  with  Mr. 
Lilly  was  his  second  marriage.  Four  of  his  sons  now  live  in  Missouri, 
and  one  daughter  resides  in  Illinois.  John  Lilly,  Jr. ,  was  reared  in 
Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois,  and  while  in  the  last  named  State  mar- 
ried Miss  Ai'timissa  Westfall,  a  native  of  Adams  County,  111.,  and 
daughter  of  Alfred  Westfall,  a  prominent  farmer  of  that  county. 
Mr.  Lilly  remained  in  Illinois  until  1856,  with  the  exception  of  a  trip 
to  Iowa,  and  then  moved  to  Livingston  County,  Mo.,  and  later  came 
to  Harrison  County,  where  he  owned  some  property.  March  29,  1862, 
he  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Sixth  Cavalry,  Col.  E.  C.  Cathwood's  com- 
mand, and  served  three  years.  He  fought  at  Yellow  Creek,  Jefferson 
City,  Boonville,  Independence,  Big  Blue,  Little  Osage,  and  New- 
tonia.     After  his  discharge  Mr.  Lilly  returned  home  and  engaged  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  567 

farming  and  stock  raising.  He  now  owns  a  fine  farm  of  several  hun- 
dred acres,  and  is  one  of  the  successful  men  of  the  township.  To 
himself  and  wife  nine  children  have  been  born,  eight  of  whom  are 
living:  Angeline,  Anna,  Mary  E. ,  John  A.,  Joseph  M.,  Clara  E., 
Catherine  A.  and  Kosa.  Charles  W.  is  deceased.  Five  of  the 
children  are  married  and  living  in  Harrison  County,  and  the  remain- 
der are  at  home  with  their  parents.  Mr.  Lilly  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church. 

John  Linthacum  was  born  in  Wayne  County,  111.,  in  1845,  and  is 
the  eldest  of  eight  living  children  of  Thomas  and  Mary  E.  (Crews) 
Linthacum.  The  father  was  born  in  Bullitt  County,  Ky. ,  in  1821, 
moved  to  Wayne  County,  111.,  in  1824,  and  to  Harrison  Coimty,  Mo., 
in  1855.  He  is  a  self-made  man,  and  owns  a  farm  of  240  acres,  upon 
which  he  resides.  His  wife  is  a  daughter  of  William  and  Catherine 
(Shaw)  Crews,  natives  of  Tennessee  and  Kentucky,  respectively,  and 
is  the  mother  of  the  following  ten  children:  John,  Marshall,  Francis, 
Julia  A.  (deceased),  Julia  A.,  Martha  (deceased),  Mary,  Ida  B.,  and 
William  (twins)  and  Elizabeth.  The  paternal  grandparents  of  our 
subject,  Thomas  and  Parmelia  (Wood)  Linthacum,  were  natives  of 
Maryland  and  Kentucky,  respectively.  The  former  was  a  captain  of 
a  company  of  Kentucky  State  militia  for  many  years,  and  was  also 
captain  of  a  ship  which  ran  between  Anne  Arundel  County  and  Balti- 
more. John  Linthacum  moved  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  1853,  and 
has  since  made  this  county  his  home.  He  began  life  when  of  age,  in 
very  moderate  circumstances,  but  through  industry,  business  ability 
and  good  management  is  now  the  owner  of  a  splendidly  imjjroved 
farm  of  772  acres.  He  received  a  common-school  education  durincr 
his  youth,  and  in  1866  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  K.  E.  Bondurant, 
daughter  of  E.  J.  and  Kiziah  M.  (McGee)  Bondurant,  and  by  whom 
five  children  have  been  born:  Stella,  Charles,  Walter,  Luther  B.,  and 
Ira.  Mr.  Bondurant  is  a  native  of  Shelby  County,  Ky. ,  and  about 
1852  settled  in  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  now  owns  a  good  farm  of 
630  acres.  Mr.  John  Linthacum  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  was 
elected  county  surveyor  in  1884.  He  has  also  served  as  justice  of  the 
peace,  and  was  the  first  township  clei'k  under  the  township  organiza- 
tion. During  the  Rebellion  he  enlisted  in  the  United  States  army,  but 
was  never  called  into  active  service.  Himself  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Christian  Church. 

John  W.  Lovelaud,  an  enterprising  citizen  of  Harrison  County,  was 
born  in  Berkshire  County,  Mass.,  September  11,  1821,  and  is  the  son 
of  Alfred  and  Polly  (Russ)  Loveland,  who  were  natives  of  Connecticut. 


568  "  HAKEISON   COUNTY. 

The  Loveland  and  Riiss  families  moved  to  Berkshire  County,  Mass. , 
and  were  still  residing  there  when  Alfred  L.  and  Polly  R.  were  mar- 
ried. He  was  a  farmer  and  shoemaker.  For  many  years  he  and  his 
■wife  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Church.  He  died  in  Hinsdale, 
Berkshire  County,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five,  while  his  wife  lived  to  the 
advanced  age  of  ninety-seven  years.  To  this  union  were  born  eleven 
children,  six  of  whom  are  now  living.  At  the  age  of  six  years  John 
Vi".  was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources,  and  was  first  taken  by  Amos 
Raymond  to  raise,  with  whom  he  lived  until  he  was  past  eighteen 
years  old,  when  he  concluded  he  was  not  justified  in  endirring  the  ill 
treatment  he  was  constantly  receiving,  and  ran  away  to  Dalton,  in  the 
same  coiinty,  where  he  went  into  a  blacksmith  shoj^,  and  commenced 
to  learn  the  trade.  He  remained  here  one  winter,  then  engaged  in 
farming  and  lumbering,  in  which  he  continued  until  twenty-seven 
yeai's  old,  when  he  married  Amelia  Shepard,  who  was  born  in  Berk- 
shire County,  Mass.,  December  4,  1824,  and  is  the  daughter  of  Nar- 
cissus Shepard.  This  happy  union  has  resulted  in  one  son,  Monroe 
C. ,  who  was  born  March  20,  1850,  who  is  now  living  with  his  father, 
and  engaged  with  him  in  extensive  farming  and  stock  raising.  He 
married  Claribel  Torrey,  who  was  born  in  Williamstown,  Mass.,  in 
1853.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Myron  Torrey,  and  died  in  1884. 
AVhen  married  first  John  W.  Loveland  moved  to  Williamstown,  and 
purchased  a  small  farm  upon  which  he  continued  to  live  for  seven 
years,  when  he  sold  it,  and  rented  land  until  1868,  when  he  started 
west  in  search  of  a  home,  locating  in  Harrison  County  on  the  farm 
upon  which  he  now  lives,  but  which  at  that  time  had  but  very  little 
improvement,  was  entirely  unimproved  and  covered  with  brush 
and  timber.  Although  Mr.  Loveland  has  never  aspired  to  office, 
he  has  always  been  a  hearty  supporter  of  the  Republican  party. 
He  is  an  example  of  what  a  firm  determination  to  succeed,  coupled 
with  natural  ability,  will  accomplish.  Having  very  limited  oppor- 
tunities for  an  education,  he  read  and  observed  closely,  and  this, 
united  with  his  energy  and  perseverance  in  business  (aided  also  by 
his  estimable  wife),  has  brought  him  to  his  present  position.  He  and 
his  son  are  the  owners  of  one  of  the  finest  located  and  best  improved 
farms  in  the  county.  The  citizens  of  the  county  are  indebted  to  him 
for  excellent  roads  in  his  neighborhood,  also  the  bridge  across  Bridge 
Creek,  and  he  is  one  of  the  most  respected  men  in  the  county. 

A.  &  S.  McClure  are  the  proprietors  of  the  Roller  MUls  and  Card- 
ing Machine  at  Bethany,  Mo. ,  which  are  operated  under  the  firm  name 
of  J.   B.   McClure  &  Sons.     The  father  was  a  native  of  Ohio,   and 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  569 

came  to  Missouri  in  1839.  He  purchased  the  above  mill  in  1878, 
which  since  his  decease  in  1883  has  been  under  the  control  of  his 
three  sons.  The  mother,  Martha  (Williams)  McClure,  was  also  born 
in  Ohio,  and  is  the  mother  of  thirteen  children,  five  of  whom  are 
deceased.  Those  living  are  Andrew,  husband  of  Elizabeth  (Srubb) 
McClure,  and  father  of  four  childi-en;  Sparks,  who  married  Minerva 
B.  Higgins,  who  bore  three  children ;  I'rank,  who  married  Clementine 
Osburn,  who  has  two  living  children  and  has  lost  one;  Alexander, 
who  married  Sarah  Kamsey,  who  bore  him  nine  children,  eight  of  whom 
are  now  living:  Elkanah,  who  married  Mary  Ward,  who  bore  him 
eight  children;  Mary  J.,  deceased  wife  of  Henry  Lewis,  who  left 
three  children ;  Ruth,  widow  of  John  Slinger,  wife  of  Sol.  Weary  and 
mother  of  five  children;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  G.  H.  Hughes,  mother  of 
eight  children;  and  Mahala,  wife  of  Jackson  Moore,  and  mother  of 
five  children,  two  of  whom  are  dead.  J.  B.  McClure  served  as  a 
lieutenant  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  in  the  Union  army,  in  which 
his  sons,  Andrew  and  Elkanah,  were  also  soldiers.  The  men  of  the 
family  are  all  Republicans  in  politics. 

Michael  McCullum,  born  in  Sullivan  County,  Mo.,  October  6,  1851, 
is  a  son  of  Alexander  McCullum,  a  prominent  farmer  citizen  of  Jef- 
ferson Township,  Hamson  Co.  [see  sketch].  Michael  accompanied 
his  father  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  1853,  where  he  was  reared 
upon  a  farm,  and  secured  a  good  common-school  education  in  his 
youthful  day§.  He  taught  school  in  early  life,  and  in  1876  came  to 
Bethany  Township,  where  he  was  employed  in  the  capacity  of  clerk 
in  various  kinds  of  business  for  several  years.  In  July,  1880,  he 
entered  the  Bethany  Savings  Bank  as  clerk,  and  in  December,  1881, 
was  promoted  to  the  ofiice  of  cashier,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
February  9,  1879,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Laura  E.  Weary,  a  native 
of  Wisconsin,  and  daughter  of  Solomon  Weary  of  this  county.  Mrs. 
McCullum  has  borne  one  son — Ernest — now  deceased.  Mi-.  McCul- 
lum is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  a  hearty  worker  for  the  temperance 
cause.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presby- 
terian Church. 

W.  G.  McDonald  is  of  Scotch  and  Irish  origin,  was  born  in  Mus- 
kingum County,  Ohio,  November  10,  1846,  and  is  a  son  of  William 
and  Sarah  (Leach)  McDonald.  The  father  was  born  in  Scotland,  and 
came  to  America  with  his  parents  when  a  child,  settling  first  in  New 
Jersey  and  next  in  Ohio.  He  learned  the  stone  mason's  and  plaster- 
er's trades  in  New  York  City,  and  followed  the  same  in  Ohio  about 
thirty  years.     Both  himself  and  wife  lived  to  an  advanced  age,  and 

36 


570  HARBISON    COUNTY. 

their  seven  children  are  all  living  and  married.  Both  were  members 
of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church.  In  politics  Mr.  McDonald  was  a 
Republican.  W.  G.  McDonald  was  reared  and  received  his  early  edu- 
cation in  Concord,  Muskingum  Co.,  Ohio.  Later  he  attended  the 
Muskingum  College,  and  taught  district  schools  in  his  native  county. 
He  studied  law  two  years  with  Hiram  Skinner  at  Cambridge,  Guern- 
sey County,  Ohio,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  came  to 
Harrison  County  later,  but  his  limited  means  compelled  him  to  teach 
school,  and  he  abandoned  his  chosen  profession.  Afterward  he 
clerked  for  J.  H.  Burrows  &  Co.,  and  for  the  last  seven  years  has  been 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Cainesville,  and  at  present  is  a 
partner  in  the  firm  of  L.  M.  Wickersham  &,  Co.  In  1872  he  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Rose  Frazier,  of  Akron,  Harrison  Co. ,  Mo. , 
and  a  daughter  of  David  Frazier  (deceased).  Mrs.  McDonald  died  in 
1880,  leaving  two  children — Minnie  and  Clara.  In  May,  1884,  Mr. 
McDonald  married  Miss  Eleanor  McGee,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  a 
daughter  of  Richard  McGee  (deceased).  This  marriage  has  been 
blessed  with  one  child — Nellie.  Besides  his' mercantile  interests  Mr. 
McDonald  has  a  farm  of  135  acres,  and  owns  other  real  estate.  He  is 
a  Republican  in  politics. 

W.  C.  McKiddy  was  born  in  Knox  County,  Ky. .  February  3,  1835, 
and  is  one  of  a  family  of  eight  children  (six  now  living)  born  to  John 
H.  and  Bersheba  (Fuson)  McKiddy.  The  father  was  born  in  Whitley 
County,  Ky. ,  the  mother  in  North  Carolina,  and  in  an  early  day 
removed  to  Knox  County,  Ky. ,  where  they  were  married  about  1834. 
Mr.  McKiddy  was  one  of  the  enterprising  and  active  farmers  of  that 
place,  where  he  lived  until  his  death  in  1849,  at  the  age  of  forty.  The 
widow  continued  to  live  upon  the  farm  there  for  nine  years,  and  then 
immigrated  with  her  family  to  Mercer  Coimty,  Mo. ,  at  which  place  her 
death  occurred  in  1865.  She  was  a  worthy  and  consistent  member  of 
the  Baptist  Church.  "W.  C.  McKiddy  was  twenty  years  of  age  at  the 
time  of  his  mother's  death,  and  during  his  youth  had  received  a  good 
common-school  education.  He  farmed  in  Mercer  County  until  1870, 
and  then  engaged  in  school  teaching  for  a  livelihood  for  five  years,  two 
years  of  his  labor  being  spent  in  Cainesville,  Han-ison  County,  and  the 
remainder  in  Mercer  County.  In  1883  he  embarked  in  the  hardware 
business  at  Cainesville,  in  partnership  with  Hon.  Joseph  H.  Burrows, 
and  is  still  successfully  engaged  in  that  line  of  business.  May  10, 
1883,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Ida  B.  Chambers,  daugh- 
ter of  John  Q.  Chambers  [see  sketch].  This  union  has  been  blessed  | 
with  two  children,  John  Harvey  and  Addie  Belle.     Mr.  McKiddy  is  a                I 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  571 

member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  and  a  Republican  in  politics.  On  the 
2d  of  August,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Fourth  Missouri 
Infantry,  Col.  Bradshaw's  command,  under  Capt.  Rogers,  and  served 
until  mustered  out,  August  15,  1865.  Among  other  engagements  he 
participated  in  the  battles  at  Franklin,  Tenn. ,  Nashville,  Tenn., 
and  ]\Iobile,  Ala. 

McMillen  Brothers,  merchants  of  New  Hampton,  Mo. ,  are  among 
the  enterprising  and  substantial  business  men  of  Harrison  County. 
They  commenced  business  with  limited  means  in  1883,  but  by  honest 
dealing  and  strict  attention  to  business  have  established  themselves 
permanently  in  the  trade,  and  are  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  firms 
in  New  Hampton.  Albert  McMillen,  the  senior  partner,  was  born  in 
Gentry  County,  Mo.,  June  6,  1860,  and  spent  his  early  years  upon  a 
farm,  and  during  his  youth  received  a  common-school  education, 
which  was  supplemented  with  private  instruction  at  home.  At  the 
age  of  sixteen  be  began  to  teach,  which  he  continued  a  number  of 
terms,  devoting  all  his  leisure  to  study,  and  thus  attaining  an  educa- 
tion equal  to  that  of  some  who  have  had  the  advantage  of  a  college 
education.  He  is  a  proficient  Latin  scholar.  In  1879  he  went  to 
Colorado,  but  returned  home  the  latter  part  of  1880.  In  1881  he 
came  to  New  Hampton,  and  worked  in  the  store  of  I.  N.  Carson,  for 
two  years,  or  until  the  above  named  business  was  established  in  Sep- 
tember, ]  883.  He  was  here  married  August  30,  1883,  to  Miss  Iva  M. 
Yocum,  daughter  of  W.  S.  Yocum,  of  Harrison  County.  This  union 
has  been  blessed  with  two  children:  Lnda  S.  and  Gracia  Pearl.  Mr. 
McMillen  is  a  member  of  the  K.  of  P.  with  the  rank  of  Past  D.  D.  G. 
C. ,  and  an  active  worker  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  also  super- 
intendent of  a  Presbyterian  Sunday-school.  P.  H.  McMillen  is  also 
a  native  of  Gentry  County,  and  was  born  October  13,  1857.  He,  like 
his  brother,  passed  his  youth  upon  the  farm  and  also  went  west,  where 
he  spent  eighteen  months  in  Montana,  near  Deer  Lodge,  handling 
stock.  He  returned  to  Missouri  the  latter  part  of  1882,  and  the  next 
year  became  one  of  the  present  firm  of  McMillen  Bros.  The  father 
of  our  two  subjects,  Jonathan  McMillen,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and 
was  twice  man'ied,  his  second  wife  being  the  mother  of  A.  and  P.  H. 
McMillen.  Her  maiden  name  was  Sarah  Vest,  and  she  is  a  daughter  of 
Thomas  Vest,  of  Rome,  Ind.  Jonathan  McMillen  moved  from  Indi- 
ana to  Missouri,  about  1855,  and  located  in  Gentry  County,  where  he 
engaged  in  farming  until  his  death  March  29,  1870,  at  his  home  near 
Darlington,  Mo.  He  reared  a  family  of  eight  children,  three  of  whom 
are  yet  living:  Albert,  P.  H. ,  and  John  D.,  who  resides  in  Boone 
County,  Mo. 


572  HAKRISON   COUNTY. 

Thomas  il.  McAVhinney,  a  well-to-do  farmer  of  HaiTison  County, 
was  born  in  Derry  County,  Ireland,  February  24,  1837.  His  parents, 
Wilson  and  Hester  (McKee)  McWhinney,  came  to  America  about  1843) 
and  for  six  years  lived  in  Brooklyn,  after  which  time  they  moved  to 
Bristol,  Penn.  Next  they  lived  two  years  in  Macon  County,  111. ,  and 
then  passed  ten  years  in  Carroll  County.  While  in  Brooklyn,  where 
the  mother  died,  the  father  worked  in  a  seed  garden,  and  in  Illinois 
engaged  in  farming.  He  was  married  a  second  time  while  in  Bristol, 
Penn.,  and  then  moved  to  Nebraska,  where  he  now  lives  with  a  daugh- 
ter. Thomas  M.  is  one  of  a  family  of  eight  children,  and  during  his 
early  youth  received  a  common-school  education  at  Bristol,  Penn.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  accompanied  his  father  to  Illinois,  and  assisted 
him  in  his  farm  labor.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  began  life  for 
himself,  and  in  May,  1884,  married  Miss  Electa  Strock,  a  native  of 
New  York  State,  who  is  his  present  wife.  After  becoming  twenty-two 
years  of  age,  he  farmed  two  years  in  Macon  County,  111. ,  and  then 
moved  to  Carroll  County,  where  he  followed  agricultural  pursuits 
until  March,  1885.  He  then  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  and 
located  upon  and  purchased  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  which  is 
a  well  cultivated  and  improved  160-acre  tract.  Mr.  McWhinney  is  a 
stanch  Eepublican  in  politics. 

Oliver  C.  Macy,  treasurer  and  ex  officio  collector  of  Harrison 
County,  Mo.,  was  born  in  Davis  County,  Iowa,  October  6,  1849,  and 
is  a  son  of  Riley  and  Amanda  (McCullough)  Macy.  The  father  was 
a  pioneer  settler  of  Davis  County,  Iowa,  and  btiilt  the  first  frame 
house  there  at  a  time  when  the  Indians  inhabited  the  country.  He 
died  there  in  the  fall  of  1851,  and  the  mother  subsequently  married 
Wesley  Young,  with  whom  she  is  still  living  in  Davis  County.  To 
her  first  marriage  five  children  were  bom:  John,  Allen,  Reuben, 
Eliza  J.  (wife  of  William  Pitman)  and  Oliver  C.  John  and  Reu.ben 
died  in  the  service  of  the  Union  army.  Oliver  lived  in  his  native 
county,  where  he  received  a  good  English  education,  until  November, 
1875,  and  then  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  buying  a  farm  in 
Madison  Township,  upon  which  he  successfully  engaged  in  farming 
and  stock  raising  until  1880.  He  then  moved  to  Mt.  Moriah,  engaged 
in  a  general  store  until  1884,  when  he  was  elected  to  his  present 
office,  and  removed  to  Bethany.  He  is  now  discharging  the  duties 
of  that  position  by  re-election.  He  has  always  been  a  stanch  Repub- 
lican, and  as  such  has  been  elected  to  his  position  of  trust  and 
honor.  Oliver  C.  and  Agnes  M.  (Landes)  Macy  are  the  parents  of 
the  following  children:     Mary  A.,  John,   Caledonia,  Ulysses  Samuel 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  573 

and  Arthur.      INIr.  Macy  is  one  of  Harrison  County's  representative 
citizens,  and  commands  the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  who  know  him. 

Benjamin  F.  Marlar,  a  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  of  Section  8, 
Township  62,  Eange  29,  was  born  in  McMinn  County,  Tenn. ,  March 
14,  1827.  His  father,  Reuben  Marlar,  was  a  native  of  France,  who 
immigrated  to  the  United  States  when  a  young  man,  and  located  in 
Tennessee,  where  he  married  Martha  Baker,  a  native  of  that  State. 
He  bought  and  improved  land  in  Tennessee,  upon  which  he  lived  until 
his  death  in  1832;  that  of  his  wife  occurring  two  years  later.  B.  F. 
gi-ew  to  manhood  in  his  native  county,  and  after  the  death  of  his 
parents  was  reared  by  an  uncle  until  eleven  years  of  age,  when  he 
started  out  in  life  for  himself.  When  eighteen  he  went  to  Bradley 
County,  Tenn.,  where  he  remained  until  August,  1854.  He  then 
came  to  Missouri,  locating  first  in  Daviess  County,  where  he  entered 
120  acres,  eighty  of  which  he  improved.  He  sold  that  property  in 
1866,  and  moved  to  Harrison  County,  where  he  bought  a  place  but 
slightly  improved.  His  original  purchase  was  but  120  acres,  but  he  has 
since  bought  more  land,  which  he  has  cultivated  and  is  now  the  owner 
of  350  acres,  all  fenced,  and  all  but  fifty  acres  in  meadow,  pasture  and 
plow  land.  He  is  very  comfortably  settled,  in  a  good  one-and-a-half 
story  house,  and  has  good  barns,  outbuildings,  etc.  He  has  been 
twice  married;  first  in  Bradley  County,  where  Elizabeth  Humphries, 
a  native  of  the  county,  became  his  wife.  She  died  December  25,  1882, 
and  was  the  mother  of  the  following  children:  Nancy  A.  (wife  of 
Elijah  Goldsberry;  William  O.,  of  Nebraska;  Mary  E. ,  wife  of  John 
Calvert,  of  Dakota;  James  R.,  of  Kansas;  Sarah  C,  wife  of  William 
Carico,  of  Dakota;  Elkana,  Simpson,  and  Rachel,  deceased  wife  of 
Robert  Terry,  of  Daviess  County,  Mo.  Mr.  Marlar  was  married  the 
second  time,  in  March,  1885,  to  Amanda  Baker,  in  Daviess  County,  Mo. 
He  usually  votes  the  Republican  ticket. 

John  C.  Martin  was  born  in  Preston  County,  W.  Va.,  in  1832,  and 
is  the  son  of  John  and  Anna  (Cassidy)  Martin,  the  former  of 
English  descent,  having  been  in  West  Virginia  in  1795,  and  spend- 
ing his  entire  life  in  Preston  County  (excepting  the  time  passed 
as  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812),  following  the  occupation  of  farming 
until  his  death  in  1859.  His  father,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
was  one  of  the  party  who  surveyed  West  Virginia  in  its  early  days. 
Mrs.  Martin,  mother  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  1795,  and  died  in 
1869.  She  was  a  member  of  the  Missionary  Baptist  Church,  as  was 
also  her  husband.  John  C.  received  a  very  limited  education,  entirely 
through  his  own  efforts,    and  in  1854  left  West  Virginia,  and  spent 


574  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

some  time  as  deck  hand  and  watchman  on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi 
Rivers;  then,  in  1855,  went  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ;  thence  in  1857, 
to  Nebraska,  where,  in  June,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  First 
Nebraska  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  afterward  transfen-ed  to  the 
cavalry  department,  also  spent  some  time  as  a  corporal,  and  took  part 
in  many  engagements,  among  them  Fort  Donelson,  Shiloh,  and  siege 
of  Corinth,  and  was  finally  discharged  at  Omaha,  November  10,  1864. 
He  then  spent  a  short  time  in  his  native  State,  following  the  occupa- 
tion of  a  farmer  and  mechanic,  and  in  1865  settled  in  Harrison 
County,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  married  in  1865  Misa  Elmira, 
a  daughter  of  Martin  D.  and  Mary  Kittle.  They  have  three  children: 
Minerva,  Mary  and  Benjamin  Prentiss.  He  has  filled  several  offices 
with  credit,  having  been  justice  of  the  peace  several  terms,  also  con- 
stable, and  school  director  since  1872.  Politically  he  was  reared  a 
Democrat,  casting  his  first  vote  for  Fillmore  in  1856,  but  since  the 
war  has  been  a  Republican.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic. 

Dr.  D.  W.  Martin,  a  practicing  physician  and  surgeon  at  Blue 
Ridge,  was  born  in  Putnam  County,  Ohio,  in  1840,  and  is  the  son  of 
Jared  A.  and  Electa  (Scoville)  Martin.  The  father  was  of  Irish 
descent,  born  in  Henry  County,  Ohio,  in  1819,  and  married  in  1839.  In 
1867  he  removed  to  Michigan,  thence  in  1873  to  McLean  County,  111. , 
where  he  still  resides,  following,  as  he  has  all  his  life,  the  occupation 
of  farming.  He  served  about  nine  months  during  the  latter  part  of 
the  late  war  in  an  Ohio  regiment.  His  father,  Samuel  Martin,  was 
a  native  of  New  York,  and  served  as  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary 
War.  The  Doctor's  mother  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1816,  and  died 
about  1850.  D.  AV.  Martin  in  his  youth  received  a  very  limited  edu- 
cation, but  afterward  attended  St.  Mary's  College,  then  taught  sev- 
eral years,  and  in  1867  entered  the  Medical  Institute  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  finally,  in  1877,  being  graduated  from  the  American  Medical 
College  at  St.  Louis.  Previous  to  this,  in  1866,  he  had  commenced 
the  practice  of  medicine,  which  has  since  been  continued  with  great 
success.  When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  he  espoused  the  cause  of  the 
Union,  and  in  1863  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Fifty-seventh  Ohio  Volun- 
teer Infantry,  under  command  of  Gen.  Sherman,  being  captured  at 
Atlanta,  July  22,  1864,  and  taken  to  Andersonville,  Ga.,  where  he 
was  held  two  months,  when  he  was  exchanged,  but  volunteered  to 
stay  and  care  for  the  prisoners.  After  this  he  went  to  Columbus,  Ohio, 
remaining  in  the  paymaster's  office  till  close  of  the  war.  In  December, 
1860,  he  married  Miss  Lucinda  Harris,  a  native  of  Ohio.     As  a  result 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  575 

of  this  marriage  there  are  six  children:  Josephine,  wife  of  T.  J. 
Wooley,  of  Kansas  Citj';  Charles  W.,  of  Kansas;  Flora,  wife  of 
D.  A.  Ford,  of  Wichita,  Kas. ;  Hettie,  wife  of  John  Luman;  James  S., 
of  Wichita,  Kas. ,  and  Fannie.  In  1878  he  married,  a  second  time, 
Mrs.  Ruth  F.  Miller,  nee  Hammond,  the  result  of  this  union  being 
one  child,  Nemie.  The  Doctor  remained  in  Ohio  till  1873,  then 
going  to  Jameson,  Daviess  Co.,  Mo. ;  thence  to  Gentry  County,  Mo. ; 
thence  in  1877  coming  to  Bethany,  and  in  1882,  to  Blue  Ridge,  where 
he  soon  secured  a  good  practice,  in  connection  with  which  he  carries  a 
stock  of  drugs.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  cast  his  first  pres- 
idential vote  for  Lincoln.  He  as  well  as  his  wife  are  members  of 
the  Christian  Church,  in  which  the  Doctor  is  an  elder. 

Rev.  Paschal  Meek,  a  native  of  what  is  now  Sherman  Township, 
was  born  in  1857,  and  is  the  eighth  of  ten  children  of  Rev. 
George  W.  and  Mary  E.  (Shockey)  Meek.  The  father,  of  English 
descent,  was  born  in  Marion  County,  Ind. ,  about  1820,  and  while  liv- 
ing there  was  twice  married,  both  times  to  a  Miss  Keys.  In  1854 
he  removed  to  Harrison  County,  and  located  in  Sherman  Township, 
where  he  died  in  1884.  When  a  young  man  he  entered  a  univer- 
sity under  the  auspices  of  the  United  Brethren  Church,  and  preached 
until  the  time  of  his  death,  in  connection  with  farming.  His  wife 
was  born  in  Virginia,  and  is  still  living  at  Blue  Ridge.  For  many 
years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren  Church.  Rev. 
Paschal  Meek  received  at  home  a  good  common-school  education, 
which  he  completed  at  Avalon  College,  Livingston  County.  He  mar- 
ried, in  1880,  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  B.  H.  and  Cynthia  Parnell,  for- 
merly of  Indiana,  where  Mary  was  born.  As  a  result  of  this  mar- 
riage there  are  four  children:  Inez,  Jessie  (deceased)  and  an  infant 
unnamed;  also  another  child,  deceased.  Rev.  Meek  is  a  Republican  in 
politics,  and  voted  for  Garfield  in  1880.  He  and  wife  are  members 
of  the  Christian  Union  Church,  of  which  he  has  been  the  licensed 
minister  for  three  years.  He  followed  the  occupation  of  farming 
until  1885,  then  clerked  one  year,  when  he  entered  the  mercantile 
business  at  Blue  Ridge,  cari-ying  a  stock  of  general  merchandise. 
Our  subject  has  always  taken  a  great  interest  in  the  cause  of  educa- 
tion, and  in  the  prosperity  and  welfare  of  the  county. 

Thomas  J.  Melton  was  born  in  Albemarle  County,  Va.,  March  1, 
1819,  and  is  a  son  of  Benjamin  and  Sally  (Burfet)  Melton,  also  natives 
of  that  State.  The  family  moved  from  Albemarle  County  to  what  is 
now  Putnam  County,  W.  Va.,  in  1829,  where  Mr.  Melton  farmed  in 
the  summer,  and  engaged  in  coopering  in  the  winter,   imtil  his  death 


576  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

in  1865.  He  was  the  father  of  foui'  sons  and  seven  daughters,  who 
grew  to  matiu'ity ;  three  of  the  sons  and  four  of  the  daughters  are  still 
living,  although  Thomas  and  one  sister  are  the  only  residents  of  Mis- 
souri. Thomas  grew  to  manhood  in  Putnam  County,  and  engaged 
in  farming  and  coopering  after  grown.  He  came  to  Missouri,  and 
entered  land  in  Harrison  County,  in  1848,  and  after  looking  at  land 
in  Jackson  and  other  counties  returned  to  Putnam  County,  where  he 
remained  until  1855.  From  that  time  until  1886,  when  he  perma- 
nently located  upon  the  land  he  had  entered  in  Harrison  County,  he 
lived  in  Jackson  County,  Va. ,  New  Mexico  and  Kansas,  dui'ing  which 
time  he  was  for  quite  awhile  in  the  Government  employ.  He  was 
married  in  White  Oak  Township,  Harrison  County,  in  October,  1872, 
to  Elizabeth  Kowlett,  a  widow  lady,  and  daughter  of  Obediah  Pursinger. 
Mrs.  Melton  is  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  the  mother  of  one  son — "Will- 
iam Ellis,  who  is  in  his  fourteenth  year.  Mr.  Melton  settled  upon 
his  present  farm  after  marriage,  and  now  owns  160  acres  of  land  in  the 
home  place,  which  is  well  improved  and  cultivated,  and  also  owns  a 
130-acre  tract  of  timbered  pasture  land.  i\ir.  Melton  has  always  been 
a  stanch  supporter  of  the  Democratic  party. 

James  Meranda  was  born  in  Scott  County,  Ind.,  in  1842,  upon 
the  27th  of  April,  and  is  the  third  child  of  George  and  Jane  (Ai-drey) 
Meranda.  The  father  is  of  Scotch  descent,  born  in  Kentucky  in 
1819,  and  the  mother  of  Irish  descent  and  born  in  1819  also.  In 
1837  they  were  married  in  Scott  County,  Ind. ,  where  the  mother  died 
in  1846.  To  their  union  four  sons  and  one  daughter  were  born. 
After  the  death  of  his  first  wife  Mr.  Meranda  was  twice  married,  and 
by  his  third  wife  had  two  sons  and  four  daughters.  Since  the  age 
of  nineteen  he  has  been  a  school  teacher,  and  in  1867  he  located  in 
Harrison  County,  Mo.,  but  at  present  lives  in  Kansas.  He  was  a 
strong  Republican  until  the  nomination  of  Horace  Greeley,  but  has 
since  belonged  to  the  Democratic  ranks.  Both  himself  and  the 
mother  of  our  subject  belonged  to  the  Christian  Church.  James 
Meranda  spent  his  youth  upon  a  farm,  during  which  time  he  received 
a  common-school  education.  When  nineteen  years  of  age  he  enlisted 
in  Company  C,  Thirty-eight  Indiana  Infantry,  United  States  army, 
and  during  about  three  years'  service  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Murfreesboro,  Chickamauga,  Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary  Eidge, 
and  Buzzard's  Roost.  At  the  last  named  fight  he  was  wounded  in 
the  right  hip,  which  disabled  him  for  life,  and  on  account  of  which 
he  draws  a  pension  of  S24  per  month.  After  the  war  he  returned 
home,  and  has  since  engaged  in  farming  in  connection  with  which  he 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  577 

■works  at  the  carpenter's  trade.  He  is  a  successful  farmer,  and  the 
owner  of  231  acres  of  land,  which  he  has  accumulated  by  hard  labor 
and  good  management.  In  1862  he  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Lieuvinah  J.  Follick,  who  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1841,  and  by  whom 
he  has  had  ten  children,  foiu-  of  whom  are  living.  He  has  resided  in 
this  county  since  1869.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  K.,  and  him- 
self and  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  Church. 

Otho  Merrifield  was  born  in  McLean  County,  111.,  June  3,  1838, 
and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Emily  (Neal)  Merrifield,  natives  of  Greene 
County,  Ohio,  and  Bourbon  County,  Ky.,  and  of  English  and  French 
descent,  respectively.  The  grandparents  of  Otho  Merrifield  immi- 
grated to  Illinois  in  an  early  day,  and  it  was  in  that  State  that  John 
Merrifield  was  reared  and  married,  there  rearing  and  educating  his  own 
childi'en.  He  was  one  of  the  highly  respected  and  well-to-do  citizens 
of  that  county,  and  after  coming  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  1859,  won 
the  esteem  of  his  associates  here.  Himself  and  wife  are  now  living  in 
Thomas  County,  Kas.  Otho  Merrifield  is  one  of  a  family  of  seven 
sons,  three  of  whom  are  living  and  married.  He  was  reared  in  his 
native  county,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  ^engaged  in  brick-making  for 
himself  and  others,  at  which  he  continued  until  1857.  He  then  spent 
a  year  in  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  whel-e  he  permanently  located  in 
1859,  and  has  since  farmed  and  been  engaged  in  stock  raising.  He  is 
now  the  owner  of  an  abundantly  stocked  and  well-improved  farm  of 
295  acres,  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  farmers  of  this  vicinity. 
August  3,  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry, 
under  Capt.  Hanners,  and  after  eighteen  months'  service  was  honor- 
ably discharged  and  returned  to  farming.  October  5,  1864,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Lydia  Ann  Preston,/  a  native  of  this  county,  who  died 
eighteen  years  later,  and  who  bore  him  eight  children,  five  of  whom  are 
living:  Emma  B.,  Ulysses  Ti  Alice,  Arella  and  Harvey.  A  year 
after  the  death  of  his  l^^st  wife  ISIr.  Merrifield  man-ied  Miss  Bettie 
Ann  Bain,  by  whom  he  had  one  child,  which  died  in  infancy. 
His  wife  dying  a  year  later  he  was  wedded  to  Mrs.  R.  C.  Wishon, 
widow  of  Francis  M.  WiAon,  whose  maiden  name  was  Rebecca  E. 
Schoonover.  Mrs.  Merrifield  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  her  father  lost 
his  arm  in  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista,  in  the  War  of  1812.  To  her  first 
marriage  with  John  J.  Peters  four  children  were  born:  Lydia  M. , 
William  A.,  Drucilla  E.  and  Orpheus  A.  All  are  deceased  save  the  last 
named.     Mr.  Merrifield  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 

Monroe  Miller  was  born  in  Monroe  County,  Ind. ,  March  4,  1823, 
and    was  named    in   honor  of   his    county    and  President    Monroe. 


578  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

His  parents,  Bryce  W.  and  Matilda  (Eunnels)  Miller,  were  natives  of 
Tennessee  and  Kentucky,  and  of  Scotch-Irish  and  Irish  descent, 
respectively,  who  immigrated  to  Washington  County,  Ind. ,  with 
their  parents  at  an  early  day.  There  they  were  maiTied,  and  Mr. 
Bryce  W.  Miller  engaged  in  the  hat  trade,  being  a  hatter.  He  fol- 
lowed his  trade  in  several  counties  in  Indiana,  principally  Putnaro 
County,  and  later  in  life  went  to  Kansas,  where  he  died  at  an  advanced 
age.  His  later  days  were  passed  in  farming.  He  was  a  Demo- 
crat in  politics,  and  while  in  Indiana  served  as  justice  of  the  peace, 
and  also  taught  school.  In  Kansas  he  was  a  member  of  the  Legis- 
lature at  the  time  of  the  trouble  under  Buchanan's  administration. 
The  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject  was  a  soldier  in  the  Eevolu- 
tionaiy  War,  and  fought  in  twenty-two  battles.  The  mother  of 
Monroe  was  taken  ill  in  Princeton,  Mo.,  while  upon  her  way  to  his 
house.  She  died  in  that  town,  and  her  remains  were  buried  in  Clay 
Township.  Monroe  Miller  was  reared  in  Indiana,  and  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  began  life  for  himself  as  a  farm  laborer.  He  remained  thus 
employed  two  years,  and  then  engaged  in  cropping  another  two  years. 
August  22,  1844,  he  married  Miss  Emily  Miller,  a  cousin  and  a 
daughter  of  Mordecai  Miller.  He  continued  to  farm  in  Indiana  until 
1856,  and  then  immigrated  to  Decatur  County,  Iowa,  where  he  li  ved 
until  1864,  when  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  in  Company  A,  Seventeenth  Iowa  Infantry,  under  Col.  Ean- 
kins,  and  served  three  years.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Corinth, 
Jackson  and  Vieksburg,  and  while  in  Tennessee  was  made  first  lieu- 
tenant. He  resigned  this  office  at  Vieksburg,  July  30,  1863.  and  re- 
tiu'ned  home.  He  also  participated  in  the  battles  of  Champion' s  Hill, 
Raymond  and  Black  River  Bridge.  He  now  owns  a  farm  of  130  acres 
in  the  home  place,  and  fifty  acres  in  another  township,  which  prop- 
erty is  the  result  of  his  good  management  and  business  ability. 
Four  years  ago  Mr.  Miller  lost  his  wife,  who  was  a  Christian  woman  and 
the  mother  of  ten  children,  six  of  whom  are  living:  Isabelle  (deceased), 
Bryce  (deceased),  Richard,  Matilda,  Mary  (wife  of  A.  J.  Bucy),  Emily, 
Alice,  Elizabeth,  Robert  (deceased),  and  Howard  (deceased).  Jlr. 
Miller  is  Democratic  in  his  political  views,  and  is  the  present  justice 
of  the  peace.  He  has  also  served  his  township  as  treasurer,  and  is 
one  of  the  public-spirited  men  of  the  place.  He  is  an  Ancient  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.   O.  F. 

Wiley  Milligan,  a  prominent  and  leading  citizen  of  Harrison 
County,  and  resident  of  JefPerson  Township,  was  bom  in  Greene 
County,  East  Tenn.,  October  11,  1844.     His  parents,  John  and  Su- 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  579 

sannah  (McCullum)  Milligan,  were  both  natives  of  Greene  County, 
Tenn.  The  father  lived  in  that  county  until  1867,  when  he  immi- 
grated to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  remained  engaged  in  farm- 
ing until  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1880,  in  his  seventy-third  year. 
His  wife,  Susannah,  is  now  living,  a  resident  of  Harrison  County,  and 
is  seventy- four  years  of  age.  He  and  his  wife  were  members  of  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  for  many  years.  There  were  born 
to  their  marriage  fifteen  children,  two  of  whom  died  in  infancy,  two 
when  grown,  and  the  balance  are  living.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  the  ninth  child,  and  received  the  rudiments  of  a  common  edu- 
cation in  the  schools  of  Greene  County,  Tenn. ,  but  this  has  since  been 
greatly  improved  by  general  reading,  and  contact  with  all  kinds  of  bus- 
iness men.  August  1.  1862,  he  left  his  home  in  Greene  County,  and 
after  some  difiSculty  reached  Cumberland  Gap,  where  he  enlisted  in 
Company  I,  of  the  Fii-st  East  Tennessee  Cavalry,  Union  service,  and 
served  with  credit  until  June,  1863,  participating  in  many  battles  and 
skirmishes,  among  them  Chickamauga,  and  Dandridge.  At  Edgefield, 
Tenn.,  he  received  a  severe  wound,  fi-om  the  effects  of  which  he  is 
still  a  sufferer.  After  the  war  he  returned  home,  where  he  remained 
until  1867,  when  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  has 
since  resided,  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  In  1868  he 
married  Susan  C.  Coffman,  who  was  born  in  Eandolph  County,  Va., 
June  14,  18-47.  She  is  the  daughter  of  Elias  Coffman,  who  moved 
to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  the  latter  part  of  1864.  The  union  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Milligan  has  been  blessed  with  four  children  all  living. 
Charles,  James  D.,  Eliza  P.  and  Etta  Rosaltha.  He  and  his  wife 
are  worthy  members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church.  He  is 
a  Democrat,  but  prefers  voting  for  the  best  man,  rather  than  party, 
and  has  never  aspired  to  hold  ofBce.  When  starting  in  life  he  was  a 
poor  man,  but  by  energy  and  industry  has  succeeded  well,  and  with 
his  family  enjoys  the  esteem  of  a  large  circle  of  acquaintances.  He  is 
an  active  and  enterprising  citizen  of  the  county,  and  supports  all 
laudable  undertakings. 

Edgar  S.  Miner  was  born  in  Madison,  \Vis.,  June  19,  1846,  and  is 
a  son  of  Samuel  E.  and  Maria  C.  (Kelley)  Miner,  natives  respectively 
of  Vermont  and  New  York  [see  sketch  of  father].  Edgar  passed  his 
youth  and  received  his  education  in  his  native  State,  and  at  the  age  of 
sixteen  enlisted  in  Company  G,  First  Wisconsin  Cavalry,  and  served 
as  private  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  then  engaged  in  the  lumber 
business  in  Wisconsin  with  his  father,  and  in  1880  came  to  Missouri, 
where  in  June  of  the  same  year  he  continued  the  lumber  business  at 


580  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

Bethany,  as  a  partner  of  Benjamin  H.  Frees,  a  prominent  and  wealthy 
citizen  and  business  man  of  Chicago.  Mr.  Miner  has  since  been  the 
active  and  successful  manager  of  this  business  at  Bethany,  and  has 
branch  establishments  at  Eidgeway  and  New  Hampton,  of  this  State. 
He  is  also  a  partner  in  the  Ridgeway  Bank.  October  15,  1867,  he 
wedded  Mina  Gardner,  a  native  of  Monroe,  Wis. ,  and  a  daughter  of 
ex-Senator  Gardner,  a  prominent  lawyer  and  politician  of  that  State 
(now  deceased).  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  two  daughters, 
Daisy  and  Shirley.  Mr.  Miner  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and  for  several 
years  has  been  a  member  of  the  city  council.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
G.  A.  R. ,  A.  O.  U.  W. ,  and  is  a  Knight  Templar,  and  recognized  as 
one  of  Bethany's  enterprising  and  successful  citizens. 

William  A.  Miner,  junior  member  of  the  firm  of  Miner  &  Frees, 
lumber  merchants  at  Ridgeway,  Mo.,  was  born  May  8,  1861,  in  Brod- 
head,  Wis.,  and  is  the  youngest  of  a  family  of  eight  children  of  Samuel 
E.  and  Maria  (Kelley)  Miner.  When  four  years  old  he  was  taken  by 
his  parents  to  Monroe,  Greene  Co. ,  Wis. ,  and  when  seventeen  years  old 
graduated  from  a  high  school  in  that  county.  He  then  worked  in  a 
planing-mill  two  years  as  bookkeeper,  and  had  charge  of  the  buying 
and  selling  of  the  lumber.  March  30,  1881,  he  moved  to  Bethany, 
Mo.,  where  he  worked  in  his  brother's  lumberyard.  Eight  months 
later  he  moved  to  New  Hampton,  where  he  had  the  management  of  a 
lumber  yard  for  three  years.  He  then  came  to  Ridgeway,  and  formed 
a  partnership  with  his  brother,  Ed.  S.  Miner  and  B.  M.  Frees  for  the 
transaction  of  a  general  banking  business,  the  capital  stock  of  which 
was  §5,000,  and  resources  over  §100,000.  He  is  also  an  equal  partner 
with  B.  M.  Frees  in  the  lumber  yard  at  Ridgeway.  March  17, 1883,  he 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Martha  A.  Spencer,  a  native  of  Har- 
rison County,  Mo.,  by  whom  he  has  had  two  children:  Charles  F.  and 
Elbert  S.  Mr.  Miner  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  has  served  as 
trustee  of  Grant  Township  about  eighteen  months.  He  is  one  of  the 
enterprising  and  successful  business  men  of  Ridgeway,  and  a  highly 
respected  citizen. 

Wesley  W.  Mock  was  born  in  Burlington,  Iowa,  October  14,  1844, 
and  is  a  son  of  Michael  B.  and  Margaret  A.  (Biddleman)  Mock.  The 
father  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  October,  20,  1806,  and  was  a  son  of 
Joseph  Mock,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  who  died  in  Ohio.  The 
mother  was  also  born  in  Pennsylvania  on  November  20,  1809  and  was 
a  daughter  of  John  Biddleman.  Michael  B.  moved  from  Ohio  to 
Burlington,  Iowa,  where  he  engaged  in  carpentering  until  his  death 
December  11,  1844,  when  Wesley  was  but  an  infant.     The  mother 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  581 

was  again  maiTied  in  1850,  and  died  in  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  May  2, 
1859.  Wesley  received  a  limited  education  at  the  country  schools 
during  his  younger  days  and  worked  upon  the  farm  until  1861. 
October  15,  of  that  year,  he  enlisted  in  the  Federal  army,  joining 
Company  I  of  the  Twenty-third  Missouri  Regiment.  In  1864  he 
re-enlisted  as  a  veteran,  and  in  1865  was  promoted  from  the  position 
of  sergeant  to  that  of  first  lieutenant  of  Company  D.  He  was  mus- 
tered out  in  August,  1865,  and  afterward  lived  one  year  in  Gentry 
County,  Mo.,  since  which  time  he  has  resided  in  Harrison  County, 
three  and  one-half  miles  from  Martinsville.  He  owns  480  acres 
of  land,  and  raises  a  variety  of  grains,  but  devotes  most  of  his  atten- 
tion to  fine  stock.  He  owns  a  fine  herd  of  Galaway  cattle  at  the  head  of 
which  is  an  important  bull  valued  at  $460,  one  of  the  highest  priced 
animals  in  the  county.  He  has  also  fine  blooded  Norman  and  English 
draft  horses,  Berkshire  hogs  and  fine  Merino  sheep.  He  has  over 
$6,000  invested  in  fine  stock,  and  is  one  of  the  well-to-do  men  in  the 
township.  In  1864  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Carter,  who  was  born 
in  Rush  County,  Ind. ,  June  9,  1840,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Vincent 
Carter.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mock  are  the  parents  of  eight  children,  all  of 
whom  are  living.  They  both  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 

Ennis  Moore  was  born  in  Clay  County,  Ind.,  June  14,  1833,  and 
is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Moore)  Moore,  natives  of  Henry 
County,  Ky.  The  father  was  a  farmer  by  occupation  and  from  Ken- 
tucky moved  to  Clay  County,  Ind. ,  where  himself  and  wife  passed  the 
remainder  of  their  lives,  dying  at  the  advanced  age  of  about  eighty. 
Of  a  family  of  ten  children  born  to  them  three  are  now  living,  two 
being  residents  of  McLean  County,  111.  Ennis  Moore  was  reared  in 
his  native  county,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-five  left  the  parental  roof, 
although  he  made  his  home  in  Indiana  until  1860  engaged  in  farming. 
December  25,  1856,  Mr.  Moore  wedded  Miss  Lydia  Moore,  who  was 
however  no  relation  to  him.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  ten 
children,  the  following  six  still  living:  Perry,  Emily,  Caroline,  Thomas, 
Hersehel  and  AVillard.  The  first  two  are  married  and  residents  of 
Harrison  County.  Mr.  Moore  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  1860, 
but  during  the  war  went  to  McLean  County,  HI. ,  where  he  remained 
until  1869.  He  then  returned  to  this  county  where  he  is  ranked 
among  the  well-to-do  citizens,  and  owns  a  well-improved  farm  of  275 
acres,  which  property  is  all  the  result  of  his  own  labor,  good  manage- 
ment and  good  business  ability.     In  politics  IVIr.  Moore  is  a  Democrat. 

Thomas  Monson  is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  was  born  May  22, 


682  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

1819.  Whea  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  went  to  Boui-bon  County, 
Ky. ,  and  in  1852  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  locating  near  Beth- 
any, where  he  still  resides.  His  home  farm  contains  375  acres  at 
present,  quite  an  amount  of  the  original  tract  having  been  given  to 
his  children  (about  600  acres  in  all).  He  also  owns  120  acres  in 
another  tract,  and  has  eighty  acres  in  Butler  County.  He  is  a  success- 
ful farmer  and  stock  dealer  which  have  been  his  life-long  occupations. 
In  1841  he  married  Miss  Catherine,  daughter  of  John  and  Betsey 
Current,  by  whom  he  has  had  twelve  children:  Samuel  (deceased),  Mar- 
garet (wife  of  D.  J.  Heaston),  Mary  (wife  of  John  C.  McGeorge,  of 
Kansas  City),  Eliseph  (who  married  Rena  Price),  Thomas  C.  (who 
married  Edna  Skinner),  Desdemona  (deceased  wife  of  William 
Dunn,  who  left  one  child),  Nora  (deceased,  aged  seventeen),  Ella  J. 
(deceased,  aged  six),  twin  sons  (who  died  in  infancy,  unnamed),  George 
B.  (who  married  Veva  McClure),  and  Ida  (wife  of  G.  T.  Phillips).  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Monson  are  worthy  members  of  the  Christian  Church.  In 
politics  Mr.  Monson  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  1860  was  elected  sheriff  of 
the  county,  which  position  he  efficiently  filled  two  years.  Previously 
he  had  served  seven  years  as  constable.  His  parents,  Samuel  and 
Margaret  (Talbert)  Monson,  were  both  reared  in  Kentucky,  and  lived 
in  Nicholas  County  of  that  State  at  the  time  of  their  deaths.  Both 
were  united  with  the  Baptist  Church. 

S.  J.  Moore  was  born  in  Clay  County,  Ind. ,  March  22,  1840,  and 
is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Susan  (Clark)  Moore,  natives  of  Tennessee 
and  Kentucky,  respectively.  The  former  was  born  March  22,  1800, 
his  marriage  occurring  December  21,  1826,  in  Kentucky,  from 
whence  they  immigrated  to  Clay  County,  Ind.  In  1856  they 
came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  and  in  1875  went  to  Washington 
Territory,  where  the  father  died  July  7,  1877,  aged  seventy-seven 
years,  three  months  and  seven  days.  The  mother  then  returned  to 
Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where  she  died  January  6,  1886,  aged  seventy- 
five.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moore  were  both  members  of  the  Christian 
Church,  and  were  the  parents  of  fourteen  childi'en,  ten  of  whom  are 
living.  S.  J.  Moore  remained  upon  his  father's  farm  until  1859, 
when  he  began  life  for  himself,  and  married.  August  20,  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  D,  Twenty-third  Missouri  Infanti-y,  Col.  Tindall's 
command,  under  Capt.  Robinson,  and  served  three  years  and  two 
months.  He  participated  in  a  number  of  important  engagements,  among 
which  were  Jonesboro,  Atlanta  and  Shiloh.  At  the  last  named  battle 
he  was  shot  in  the  head  and  disabled  six  months.  After  his  discharge 
at  Atlanta  he  returned  home,  and  has  since  devoted  his  attention  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  583 

agriciiltm-al  pursuits,  being  uow  the  owner  of  a  well-improved  farm. 
December  12,  1859,  Mr.  Moore  wedded  Miss  Caroline  Dale,  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  born  June  20,  1840,  and  one  of  nine  children  of  Abraham 
and  Martha  Dale,  the  former  of  whom  is  now  past  eighty-three  years 
of  age,  and  one  of  Harrison  County' s  citizens.  This  union  has  been 
blessed  with  three  children,  two  of  whom  are  living:  Martha  S. ,  born 
November  12,  1865,  married  January  12,  1887,  "WOliam  Dale,  a  farm- 
er of  this  covmty;  and  Carrie  L.,  born  January  2,  1877;  one  son, 
born  November  3,  1860,  was  married  in  April,  1880,  to  Miss  Phillips, 
and  on  October  6,  following,  committed  suicide.  Mr.  Moore  draws  a 
pension  of  $4,  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  in  politics  a 
Republican. 

George  Morgan  was  bom  in  Muskingum  Coimty,  Ohio,  May  4, 
1835,  and  is  a  son  of  Richard  and  Nancy  (McCain)  Morgan.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  the  sarqe  county,  and  was  of  English  descent. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Westmoreland  County,  Penn.,  and  of  Irish 
origin.  They  were  married  in  Muskingum  County,  and  made  that 
their  home  until  1866,  when  they  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where 
the  father  engaged  in  farming,  and  the  mother  died  April  16,  1884, 
at  the  age  of  eighty.  The  mother  was  a  Christian  lady,  and  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Mr.  Morgan  has  resided  with  his  son- 
in-law,  John  A.  Frazier,  since  the  death  of  his  wife,  and  is  now  aged 
eighty-two.  George  Morgan  is  the  second  son  and  third  child  of  a 
family  of  nine  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living.  All  reside  in  this 
county  save  a  brother  and  sister,  who  make  their  home  in  Decatur 
County,  Iowa.  George  remained  at  home  until  twenty-five  years  of 
age,  and  then  began  life  as  an  independent  farmer.  Previously  he 
bad  taught  seven  winter  seasons  of  school,  and  after  his  mamage 
October  30,  1860,  to  Miss  Frances  E.  Frazier,  of  Muskingum  County, 
Ohio  (daughter  of  David  Frazier),  he  taught  school  and  farmed  in 
Ohio  until  1865.  He  then  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  and  since 
the  winter  of  1882  has  devoted  his  attention  entirely  to  agricultui'al 
pursuits.  He  owns  a  nicely  cultivated  farm  and  is  one  of  the  well-to-do 
and  prosperous  men  of  his  township.  To  himself  and  wife  ten  chil- 
dren have  been  born,  six  of  whom  are  living;  Charles  E.,  William  L., 
George  W.,  Robert  F.  and  Ernest.  The  eldest  child,  Mary  L.,  is  the 
wife  of  Henry  Evans  of  this  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morgan  are 
members  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  in  politics  the  former  is  a 
Republican. 

Washington    Morgan    was    born  in   Muskingum   County,    Ohio, 
February  22,  1842,  and  as  his  birth  was  upon  the  anniversary  of  Gen. 


584  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

Washington's  birthday  he  was  named  in  his  honor.  He  was  reared 
in  his  native  county,  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  enlisted  in  Company 
F,  Ninety- seventh  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  Col.  John  Lane's  com- 
mand, under  Capt.  William  Hannis,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Stone  Eiver,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Kidge,  Lookout  Mountain,  Perry ville,  Atlanta,  Franklin,  Nash- 
ville, Kenesaw  Mountain  and  many  others.  At  Atlanta  our  subject 
was  detailed  by  general  order  into  the  Artillery  Brigade,  Fourth  Army 
Corps,  and  held  the  position  of  issuing  clerk  twenty-two  months. 
About  that  time  he  was  kicked  by  his  horse  upon  the  forehead  so 
severely  that  the  bones  were  fractured  and  obliged  to  be  removed. 
His  life  was  at  first  despaired  of,  but  he  finally  regained  his  health, 
although  the  imprint  of  the  horse's  shoe  may  still  be  seen  upon  his 
face.  June  10,  1865,  he  was  discharged  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  fi'om 
active  service  and  was  finally  mustered  out  at  Columbus,  Ohio.  He 
then  returned  to  Muskingum  County,  Ohio,  and  from  there  went  to 
Akron,  Mo.  March  21,  1867,  he  wedded  Miss  Annie  Cleveland, 
who  was  born  near  Cleveland,  Ohio,  which  city  was  named  in  honor 
of  some  of  her  ancestors.  Mrs.  Morgan  is  the  daughter  of  Samuel 
R.  and  Lucy  (Tubbs)  Cleveland,  and  has  borne  Mr.  Morgan  eight 
children,  five  of  whom  are  living:  Edwin,  Orie,  Norman,  Carl  C, 
and  Riley.  Mr.  Morgan  is  a  well-respected  gentleman,  and  owns  a 
small  but  finely  improved  farm,  which  is  desirably  located.  He  is  an 
active  church  member,  and  has  been  a  Sunday-school  teacher  and 
superintendent  for  many  years.  Himself,  v^ife  and  entire  family 
have  united  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In  politics  he  is 
a  Republican.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  draws  a  pension 
of  $12. 

James  Moss  is  of  English  and  German  descent,  and  a  son  of 
Joshua  and  Jane  (Housar)  Moss,  who  emigrated  from  Soiith  Carolina 
to  Tennessee,  and  from  there  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  during 
the  early  history  of  the  county.  The  father  was  a  farmer  by  occupa- 
tion, and  a  man  of  remarkable  constitution.  At  the  time  of  his 
death,  when  he  was  ninety-two  years  of  age,  he  was  vigorous  in  mind 
and  body,  his  death  being  the  result  of  a  wound  in  his  foot.  His 
principal  amusement  in  life  was  that  of  hunting,  as  when  he  came  to 
the  country  it  abounded  in  Indians,  deer,  bears  and  wild  game.  Here 
he  built  a  home  in  the  wilderness,  and  cleared  a  farm,  upon  which 
he  lived  many  years  with  his  faithful  wife,  who  also  lived  to  an 
advanced  age.  James  Moss  was  born  in  Claiborne  County,  Tenn. ,  and 
was  about  ten  years  of  age  when  his  parents  moved  to  Missouri,  where 


BIOGKAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  585 

he  made  bis  home  with  them  until  nineteen  years  of  age.  He  then 
removed  to  Williamsburg,  Ky.,  apd  clerked  in  his  brother's  store 
about  six  years.  Soon  after  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Margaret  GatlifP,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  daughter  of  Squire  Gatliff, 
who  represented  his  county  several  times  in  the  Legislature.  The 
second  man'iage  of  Mr.  Moss  occurred  in  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  (Scott)  Rogers,  widow  of  Jacob  Rogers,  becoming  his  wife. 
Mr.  Moss  resided  in  Daviess  County  but  a  short  time  after  his  second 
marriage,  and  in  the  spring  of  1859  came  to  Harrison  County,  where 
he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  for  twenty-four  years  atCaines- 
ville  with  success.  He  then  conducted  a  hotel  for  three  years,  but 
having,  by  the  exercise  of  prudence,  industry  and  economy,  amassed  a 
comfortable  competency,  is  now  living  a  retired  life.  By  his  first 
marriage  Mr.  Moss  had  one  child,  now  a  resident  of  Texas  and  mar- 
ried. His  second  union  was  blessed  with  two  childi'en:  Martin,  who 
died  in  early  manhood,  andC.  J.,  wife  of  W.  E.  Baxton,  photographer 
of  Gainesville.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moss  are  now  living  Upon  their  town 
property  in  Gainesville,  and  besides  owning  the  same,  have  200  acres 
of  fine  pasture  land,  well  fenced,  in  Harrison  County,  near  the  town. 
Mr.  Moss  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  He  is  the  ninth  child  born  to  his 
parents,  seven  of  whom  are  still  living. 

Moulton  &  Cuddy,  general  merchants  of  Bethany,  is  a  firm  com- 
posed of  Henry  A.  Moulton  and  Stephen  M.  Cuddy,  and  has  existed 
since  January,  1885.  Their  store  is  situated  on  the  southeast  corner  of 
the  public  square,  in  the  Cuddy  Block,  and  is  well  stocked  with  sta- 
ple and  fancy  dry  goods,  hats,  boots,  shoes,  carpets,  notions,  etc. 
Henry  A.  Moulton  was  born  in  Elkhart  County,  Ind.,  January 
28,  1848,  and  is  a  son  of  Myron  and  Lydia  (Myers)  Moulton,  na- 
tives of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania.  Henry  passed  his  youth  iipon  his 
father's  farm,  in  bis  native  county,  and  received  a  good  common - 
school  education.  In  1864  be  came  with  bis  father  to  Missom-i, 
where  the  latter  located  in  Fox  Creek  Township,  Harrison  County, 
at  which  place  he  died  in  the  spring  of  1869,  leaving  his  wife  and 
Henry  to  mourn  his  loss.  In  1868  Henry  came  to  Bethany,  and 
worked  for  H.  M.  Cuddy  as  a  clerk  until  he  became  his  partner, 
in  January,  1875.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Cuddy,  Sr.,  Mr.  Moul- 
ton conducted  the  business  alone  for  five  years,  the  heirs  of  Mr. 
Cuddy  still  retaining  an  interest  in  the  business.  November  10,  1874, 
Mr.  Moulton  married  Florence  Snyder,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and 
daughter  of  George  H.  Snyder,  of  Bethany.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moul- 
ton are  members  of  the  Methodist    Episcopal  Church,   and  to  them 

37 


586  HARBISON    COUNTY. 

five  children  have  been  born:  Myron  H. ,  Birt  S. ,  Roy,  Clara  and 
Clarence  (twins).  Mr.  Moulton  is  a  Republican  in  politics.  Stephen 
M.  Cuddy  was  born  in  Bethany,  January  19,  1860,  and  is  a  son 
of  the  late  H.  M.  Cuddy  [see  sketch].  He  has  spent  his  life 
in  his  native  place,  and  since  the  age  of  twenty,  having  previously 
received  a  good  education,  has  been  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business.  Since  becoming  a  partner  in  the  above  firm  he  has  con- 
tributed largely  to  its  success,  and  is  well  known  as  one  of  Beth- 
any's enterprising  young  business  men.  In  politics  he,  too,  is  a 
Republican. 

Harvy  Nally,  M.  D.,  is  a  son  of  William  and  Patsey  (Gillespie) 
Nally,  the  former  a  native  of  Albemarle  County,  Va.,  born  July  7, 
1806,  and  the  latter  a  native  of  Jackson  County,  Ohio,  born  January 
7,  1818.  WiUiam  went  to  Jackson  County,  Ohio,  when  eleven  years 
old,  and  was  there  married  January  12,  1837,  and  engaged  in  farming. 
In  1865  he  moved  to  Livingston  County  Mo.,  and  in  1869  came  to  Har- 
rison County,  settling  in  Adams  Township,  where  himself  and  wife 
now  reside.  They  are  the  parents  of  eleven  children,  eight  of  whom 
are  living.  Two  died  in  infancy,  and  one  son,  Moses,  died  at  the  age 
of  thirty  from  typhoid  fever.  The  remainder,  with  the  exception  of 
Mrs.  Susan  (Nally)  Poor,  a  resident  of  Ohio,  live  in  Missoui'i.  Dr. 
Harvy  Nally  was  born  November  4,  1854,  in  Jackson  County,  Ohio, 
and  during  his  youth  received  a  common-school  education.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-one  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  at  the  State  Uni- 
versity of  Columbia,  Mo. ,  from  which  he  graduated  in  two  years.  He 
then  practiced  a  short  time  in  Bethany  with  Dr.  Walker,  and  in  Jan- 
uary, 1877,  located  in  Cainesville,  where  he  has  become  the  leading 
physician,  and  is  enjoying  a  lucrative  practice.  November  29,  1881, 
he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Charlotte  Earl  Pickens,  who  was  bom. 
April  7,  1860,  in  Missouri,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Enos  Pickens.  Mrs. 
Nally  is  a  tinely  educated  lady,  and  a  graduate  of  the  Illinois  Female 
College.  To  the  Doctor  and  wife  three  children  have  been  born: 
Enos  C,  Hortense  and  Bronna.  Dr.  Nally  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F. 
&  A.  M. ,  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  and  is  a  prominent  Republican  in  his  township. 

Orlando  H.  Nally,  a  prominent  farmer  of  Adams  Township,  was 
born  in  Jackson  County,  Ohio,  and  was  the  sixth  of  eleven  children 
of  William  and  Patsey  (Gillespie)  Nally.  The  father,  of  Scotch 
descent,  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1806,  and  in  1817  went  to  Ohio, 
where  he  was  married  in  1837.  In  1865  he  removed  to  Livingston 
County ;  thence  in  1868  to  Harrison  County,  locating  in  Adams  Town- 
ship where  he  still  resides,  as  well  as  his  wife,  who  was  a  native  of 


BIOGEAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  587 

Ohio,  born  in  1818.  Both  are  devoted  members  of  the  Christian 
Church.  Orlando  H.  -was  reared  at  home  with  a  common-school  edu- 
cation, and  was  married  in  1873,  to  Miss  Samantha,  daughter  of  Eper- 
son  and  Sarah  Burris,  formerly  of  Ohio,  where  Mrs.  Nally  was  born. 
This  union  has  been  blessed  with  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing: Cornelia  May,  William  S.,  Charles,  Basha  L.  and  Moses  Earl. 
Politically  he  is  a  Republican,  and  cast  his  presidential  vote  for  R.  B. 
Hayes.  He  has  also  satisfactorily  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for 
two  years.  As  a  result  of  his  enterprise  and  good  management,  Mr. 
Nally  has  now  a  fine  farm  of  540  acres,  all  in  a  good  state  of  cultivation, 
near  Blue  Ridge,  and  by  his  active  interest  in  all  educational  and 
laudable  undertakings  has  become  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  the 
township. 

Dr.  Harry  R.  Neeper  is  the  leading  dentist  of  Bethany,  Mo. ,  and 
one  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  the  place.  He  was  born  in  Mogadore, 
Summit  Co. ,  Ohio,  September  3,  1858,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and 
Mary  A.  (Russell)  Neeper.  The  father  was  born  in  Lancaster  County, 
Perm.,  March  11,  1832,  and  is  a  successful  physician  of  Kahoka, 
Clark  Co.,  Mo.  His  father,  James  Neeper  was  a  son  of  Samuel 
Neeper,  a  native  of  Scotland.  The  mother  was  born  in  Philadel- 
phia in  1836,  and  was  a  daughter  of  John  G.  Russell,  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Carey,  Hart  &  Russell,  bookbinders,  of  Philadelphia. 
She  was  married  to  the  father  of  our  subject.  May  12,  1857,  and  to 
their  union  seven  children  were  born,  of  whom  H.  R.  is  the  eldest. 
He  remained  in  the  place  of  his  birth  until  nine  years  of  age,  moved 
to  Missoui'i  in  1867  and  remained  on  a  farm  until  nineteen,  during 
which  time  he  received  a  good  common-school  education.  In  the 
spring  of  1878  he  began  the  study  of  dentistry  under  Samuel  Mur- 
dock,  A.  M. ,  M.  D. ,  of  Kahoka.  October  20,  1880,  he  came  to  Bethany, 
Mo. ,  which  was  the  day  the  first  train  arrived,  and  here  established 
an  office  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession,  which  he  has  con- 
tinued to  the  present  with  good  success.  He  was  married  March  7, 
1883,  to  Miss  Edith  M.  Shepherd,  who  was  born  in  Payson,  Adams 
Co.,  111.,  April  11,  1860,  and  by  whom  one  daughter,  Gladys  E.,  was 
born  May  22,  1884.  The  father  of  H.  R.  Neeper,  graduated  at  the  head 
of  his  class  in  medicine  at  the  medical  department  of  the  Western  Re- 
serve College,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  February  27,  1857.  He  had  previously 
studied  under  Alexander  McMillen,  M.  D.,  at  West  Lebanon,  Wayne 
Co. ,  Ohio,  and  after  graduating  located  at  Mogadore,  Ohio,  where  he 
practiced  until  the  commencement  of  the  Rebellion.  In  1861  he  en- 
listed in  the  Federal  army,  and  was  elected  captain  of  Company  G, 


588  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

of  the  Sixty-fourth  Regiment  of  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served 
until  honorably  discharged  on  account  of  physical  disabilities,  caused 
by  wounds  received  at  Stone  Eiver  and  Missionary  Ridge.  His  com- 
mission was  dated  October  31,  1861;  he  was  mustered  in  January  1, 
1862,  and  was  discharged  May  17,  1864,  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  by  special 
order  of  the  war  department.  In  1867  he  removed  to  Missouri,  and 
is  now  one  of  the  leading  physicians  of  Kahoka,  Clark  Co. ,  Mo.  His 
wife  died  July  12,  1875.  Our  subject  is  a  member  of  various  socie- 
ties, is  now  J.  W.  in  Masonic  lodge,  Commander  in  Select  Knights 
A.  O.  U.  W. ,  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  Veterans,  and  member  of  the 
Missouri  State  Dental  Association,  etc . 

Isaac  M.  NefF  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Ind. ,  November  15, 
1834,  and  is  a  son  of  Elihu  S.  and  Amanda  M.  NefP.  He  was  reared 
upon  a  farm,  and  received  a  liberal  common-school  education  during  his 
youth.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  teaching,  which  he  con- 
tinued to  do  until  he  had  instructed  1,470  childi-en,  whose  names  he  has 
preserved.  In  1856  he  married  Miss  Barbara  A.  Maple,  who  was  born 
in  Franklin  County,  Ind.,  August  23,  1834;  she  is  of  German  descent, 
and  a  daughter  of  Elijah  and  Sarah  (Coon)  Maple.  Elijah  Maple  was 
a  tanner  and  stone  mason  by  trade,  and  assisted  in  building  the  old 
National  road.  In  1857  Mr.  NefP  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo., 
where  he  bought  Government  land,  and  is  now  permanently  located. 
He  at  first  purchased  eighty  acres  which  he  increased  to  280 
before  giving  eighty  acres  to  his  children.  Mr.  Neff  constructed  the 
first  bridge  built  across  Thompson's  Fork  of  Grand  Eiver,  and  has 
also  built  many  others.  For  the  past  fourteen  years  he  has  been 
engaged  in  moving  buildings,  and  has  been  very  fortunate  in  his  busi- 
ness undertakings.  He  is  a  man  of  natural  inventive  ability,  and  has 
invented  a  tension  brace  bridge  that  promises  to  be  useful  in  bridge 
building.  He  has  also  conceived  an  invention  for  a  fire  place  whereby 
the  cold  air  is  admitted  from  the  outside,  passes  around  a  sheet  iron 
casting  that  fits  the  fireplace,  and  comes  into  the  room  warm.  His 
chief  invention  is  a  perpetual  spring  which  is  constructed  in  this 
manner:  a  deep  gully  was  washed  out  near  his  house,  and  up  this 
branch  he  put  a  blind  ditch,  near  the  mouth  of  which  he  filled  with 
brush  and  dirt.  The  soil  has  collected  to  a  depth  of  sixteen  feet,  and 
from  the  higher  groimd  runs  an  irrigating  ditch  whose  waters  are  fil- 
tered through  the  sandy  loam  and  finally  run  out  at  the  lower  ditch, 
furnishing  a  never  failing  spring.  About  an  acre  of  soil  has  thus 
been  caught,  which  is  very  fertile  and  upon  which  he  raises  two  crops. 
Mr.  Neff  deserves  much  praise  for  the  assistance  he  has  given  in  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  589 

advancement  of  agriculture  and  fruit  growing.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  State  Horticultural  society  ^nd  both  the  State  and  United  States 
Agricultural  societies,  and  is  also  the  reporter  for  the  ornithology  and 
mammology  service.  During  the  war  he  served  in  the  enrolled 
militia,  and  rendered  valuable  service  at  Chillicothe  by  quieting  a 
riot  of  4,000  militia.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  both  himself 
and  wife  are  members  of  the  United  Brethren  Church.  He  has  a 
family  of  the  following  sis  children:  William  H.,  Sarah  A.,  Thomas 
V. ,  John  J. ,  Rhoda  M.  and  Franklin  E.  Mr.  Neff  states  that  Jan- 
uary 15,  1888,  was  the  coldest  day  in  his  recollection,  the  highest 
point  of  land  in  the  neighborhood  showing  a  temperature  of  26°  below 
zero,  and  the  lowest  36°  below  zero,  a  difference  in  altitude  of  100 
feet.  The  mercury  thus  indicated  a  fall  of  1°  for  each  ten  feet  in 
descent. 

Daniel  B.  NefF,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Harrison  County,  Mo., 
is  a  son  of  Elihu  S.  and  Amanda  M.  (Howell)  Neif,  and  was  born  in 
Franklin  County,  Ind. ,  September  15,  1842.  He  was  reared  upon  his 
father's  farm,  and  during  his  early  youth  received  a  common- school 
education,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  accompanied  his  brother  to 
Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  1862  he 
served  six  months  in  the  militia,  under  Capt.  Henry  Howe,  and  in 
1863  enlisted  in  Company  I,  First  Missouri  State  Militia  Cavalry  for 
three  years,  or  during  the  war.  For  about  two  years  he  worked  as  a 
blacksmith,  although  he  had  never  learned  the  trade,  and  at  the 
consolidation  of  his  company  with  Company  M  was  chosen  orderly 
sergeant,  which  office  he  held  until  mustered  out.  He  was  in  the 
battle  of  Marshall,  and  on  the  last  Price  raid,  and  in  1865  returned 
home  after  peace  was  declared.  The  same  year  he  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Miss  Nancy  E.  Wiley,  who  was  born  in  Johnson  Coimty, 
Ind.,  in  1844,  and  is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Nancy  (Moore)  Wiley. 
Ml',  and  Mrs.  Wiley  moved  from  Ohio  to  Indiana  when  young,  and 
were  there  married.  The  father  died  in  that  State  in  1852,  and  the 
mother  then  came  with  her  children  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in 
1860,  where  she  spent  the  remainder  of  her  days.  Sir.  and  IMi's.  Neff 
are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  to  them  eight 
children  have  been  born:  George  T.,  Landa  T.,  Mintie  O. ,  Emma  M., 
Joseph  S.,  Addie  O.,  Eva  L.  and  Essie  M.  Mr.  NeflP  began  life  in 
this  county  with  about  1150  in  gold,  to  which  he  added  the  money 
earned  while  in  the  war,  and  his  wife  contributed  $1,000.  This 
amount  he  judiciously  invested  in  land,  and  in  1866  moved  upon  his 
present  place,  which  now  contains  3, 160  acres  of  fine  land,  making 


590  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

Mr.  Neff  one  of  the  successful  and  influential  farmer  citizens  of  the 
county,  where  he  has  resided  over  twenty-seven  years.  He  is  an 
extensive  stock  dealer,  and  owns  from  300  to  400  head  of  cattle. 
In  politics  Mr.  Neff  is  a  Republican. 

Robert  L.  Nelson  is  a  native  of  Missouri,  bom  in  Andrew  County 
August  23,  1847,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  A.  and  Sarah  A.  (Dodd) 
Nelson,  natives  of  Kentucky.  "When  a  young  man  the  father  came  to 
Missouri,  settling  first  in  Boone  County.  He  was  afterward  married 
in  Daviess  County,  and  later  located  at  Savannah,  Andrew  County. 
He  was  a  carpenter  and  contractor,  and  built  the  first  courthouse  at 
Savannah,  and  also  the  first  courthouse  and  jail  in  Harrison  County, 
whither  he  moved  late  in  1847,  and  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  business 
at  Bethany.  A  few  years  later  he  went  overland  to  California  with  a 
train  of  several  teams,  atid  after  spending  about  two  years  there 
started  on  the  return  trip  by  water,  which  he  was  destined  never  to 
complete,  as  he  died  at  Cairo  in  1851.  He  was  the  father  of  one  son 
and  three  daughters,  two  of  whom  grew  to  maturity.  Robert  L.  is 
the  only  survivor  of  the  family  at  the  present  day,  and  he  passed  his 
youth  in  Harrison  County,  where  he  learned  the  priuter's  trade,  at 
which  he  worked  two  years  before  he  was  fifteen  years  old.  March  1, 
1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Sixth  Missouri  State  Militia,  in  which 
he  served  three  years  and  two  months,  or  until  discharged  at  Spring- 
field, Mo. ,  in  April,  1865.  He  went  upon  the  Red  River  expedition, 
when  Fort  Smith  was  taken,  and  in  the  fights  at  Boonville,  Independ- 
ence, Jefferson  City,  Lexington,  Kansas  City,  etc.,  which  was  in  the 
fall  of  1864,  when  Price  made  his  raid.  He  was  the  only  printer  in 
his  regiment,  and  for  about  seven  months  worked  at  his  trade  at 
Springfield,  Mo.  He  then  returned  home,  but  in  July,  1865,  went 
West,  and  did  freighting  for  the  Government.  In  the  winter  of  1865 
he  returned  home,  and  for  three  years  was  employed  in  the  store  of 
Allen  &  Hillman.  He  then  bought  an  interest  in  a  saw  mill,  and 
manufactured  lumber  nine  years,  during  which  time  he  acted  as 
deputy  county  clerk  nine  months,  under  Mr.  Heaston.  November  16, 
1870,  he  was  married  in  Harrison  County  to  Miss  Melissa  A.  Phille- 
baum,  daughter  of  Isaac  Phillebaum,  deceased.  Mr.  Nelson  settled 
upon  his  present  farm  in  November,  1883,  which  contains  200  acres  of 
land,  one  and  a  half  miles  west  of  the  courthouse,  a  large  portion  of 
which  is  bottom  land.  Mi\  Nelson  has  a  nearly  new  residence,  one 
and  a  half  stories  high,  and  his  farm  is  well  equipped  with  good  barns, 
sheds,  etc.  He  also  owns  another  120-acre  tract  of  fenced  pasture 
land  three  miles  west  of  the  town,  and  still  forty  more  acres  in  another 


BIOGKAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  591 

tract.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Christian 
Church.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nelson  the  following  childi-en  have  been 
born:  Edgar  L.,  Isaac  E.,  Maggie,  Lena,  Bertha,  George  C.  and 
Charles  M. 

Jacob  Noll  was  born  in  Kuhr,  Hessen,  Germany  (now  Prussia), 
June  1,  1832,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Catherine  (Morganthal)  Noll, 
natives  of  the  same  place  and  where  the  father  died.  The  mother's 
death  occurred  in  New  York  City.  In  the  fall  of  1883  Jacob  Noll  left 
his  birthplace,  and  came  to  the  United  States,  making  his  home  until 
1857  in  Illinois,  where  he  followed  his  trade — stone  masomy.  He  then 
came  to  Missovu'i  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  brick  in  Macon 
County,  and  from  there  came  to  Bethany  in  1874,  where  he  con- 
tinued in  the  brick  business  until  1884.  He  then  moved  into  a  build- 
ing he  had  erected  on  South  Street  near  the  southwest  corner  of  the 
public  square,  in  which  he  established  his  present  grocery  business.  His 
building  is  of  brick,  and  consists  of  two  stories  and  a  basement.  With 
the  lot  it  cost  him  15,100.  Mr.  Noll  has  one  of  the  largest  and  best 
selected  stock  of  groceries,  queensware,  etc. ,  in  the  city,  and  controls 
a  large  country  and  city  trade.  He  is  also  the  owner  of  some  good 
residence  property  in  Bethany.  In  1857  he  married  Margaret 
Sheery,  a  native  of  Germany,  by  whom  he  has  nine  children:  Caroline 
(wife  of  S.  B.  Thatcher),  Margaret  (wife  of  Andrew  Burg),  Mary  (wife 
of  Prof.  J.  W.  Cook),  Louisa  (wife  of  Marion  Wheeler),  J.  William, 
Joseph,  Katie  and  Jacob.  Mr.  Noll  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member 
of  the  G.  A.  R.,  having  served  from  1882  until  the  close  of  the  war 
in  Company  A,  Twenty-seventh  Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry.  Him- 
self and  family  are  identified  with  the  Catholic  Church. 

John  D.  Oden  was  born  in  Muskingum  County,  Ohio,  August  19, 
1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Josiah  and  Maria  (Farrell)  Oden,  natives  of 
Virginia,  and  of  German  descent.  The  father  immigrated  to  Ohio 
with  his  parents  when  a  boy,  and  there  grew  to  manhood,  reared  bis 
family,  and  passed  his  entire  life  engaged  in  farming.  Dui-ing  the 
war  he  served  in  the  White  Horse  Militia.  He  died  at  the  age  of 
sixty,  and  his  first  wife,  by  whom  he  had  six  children,  three  of  whom 
are  living,  died  at  the  age  of  thirty.  His  second  wife,  who  was  Mrs. 
Prichard  and  had  three  children,  is  still  living,  and  bore  'Mi.  Oden 
three  children.  John  D.  Oden  was  reared  in  his  native  county,  where 
he  received  a  common-school  education.  He  began  life  for  himself  at 
the  age  of  seventeen,  and  August  11,  1862,  enlisted  in  Company  F, 
Ninety- seventh  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  until  mustered 
out  at  Nashville  at  the  close  of  the  war.     Among  the  battles  in  which 


592  HAERISON   COUNTY. 

he  participated  are  PeiTyville,  Stoue  River,  Chickamauga,  Mission 
Ridge.  Dalton,  Resaca,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Nash- 
ville, Franklin,  Huntsville  and  Knoxville.  He  then  retui'ned  to 
Muskingum  County,  where  he  lived  until  1865;  with  a  wagon  he  then 
started  for  Hanison  County,  Mo. ,  at  which  destination  he  arrived  in 
November,  after  which  he  worked  upon  a  farm  for  a  year.  He  soon 
purchased  a  farm  of  Joseph  Bunt,  now  owned  by  W.  Roberts,  in  Clay 
Township,  which  he  still  owns,  and  upon  which  he  resided  from  April, 
1867,  until  March,  1881.  He  then  moved  to  Akron  settlement,  where 
he  traded  and  dealt  extensively  in  stock  ■  several  years.  In  1886  he 
moved  to  Madison  Township  one  mile  from  Cainesville,  where  he  now 
owns  120[acres  which  are  well-stocked  and  improved.  February  21, 
1867,  he  married  Miss  Amanda  Roberts,  daughter  of  Charles  Roberts,  by 
whom  he  has  six  children:  Charles  E.,  Josiah  H. ,  Frank  E.  (deceased), 
Vinnie  R. ,  Preston  H.  and  Mary  E.  Mr.  Oden  is  a  Rejjublican,  and 
a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Himself  and  wife  attend  the  Presbyterian 
Church. 

Ulysses  G.  Osborn  was  born  in  Rock  Island  County,  111. ,  June  2-1, 
1864,  and  is  a  son  of  Frederick  and  Keziah  (Joslyn)  Osborn,  natives 
of  Connecticut  and  New  York,  respectively.  The  father  is  now  a 
resident  of  Rock  Island  County,  111. ,  and  was  born  in  Connecticut, 
March  2,  1826,  his  parents  being  George  and  Sarah  E.  (Morehouse) 
Osborn.  In  1831  he  went  to  New  York,  and  in  1849  to  Illinois.  In 
1847  he  was  married,  his  wife  having  been  born  February  28,  1828. 
She  died  November  19,  1874,  and  was  the  mother  of  the  following 
children ;  George  H. ,  born  April  4,  1851;  Benjamin  B.,  born  Sep- 
tember 9,  1860;  Ulysses  G.,  born  June  24,  1864;  Minnie  M.,  born 
February  28,  1866,  wife  of  John  C.  Searle;  Robert  H.  J.,  born  June 
2,  1868,  and  Sarah  E.,  born  November  24,  1871.  Ulysses  was 
reared  and  educated  in  his  native  county,  and  in  October,  1884,  came 
to  Bethany,  where  the  following  spring  he  bought  a  half  interest  in 
the  firm  of  Coulton,  Peery  &  Co. ,  dealers  in  agricultural  implements. 
In  February,  1886,  R.  H.  Grimstead  became  his  partner,  and  in 
March,  1887,  sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  Osborn,  who  has  since  conducted 
the  business  alone.  At  his  warehouse  on  South  Street,  opposite  the 
postoffice,  he  carries  a  full  line  of  agricultural  implements,  fai-m 
machinery,  buggies,  carriages,  etc. ,  and  having  the  only  business  of 
the  kind  in  Bethany,  does  a  large  city  and  country  trade.  October 
22,  1883,  he  man-ied  Miss  Rosalie  Erwin,  also  a  native  of  Rock 
Island  County,  111.,  and  by  whom  he  has  one  daughter — Ziazee. 
Mr.  Osborn  is  a  Republican  in  politics,    member  of  the  Methodist 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  .   593 

Episcopal  Church,  a  Select  Knight  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  one  of 
the  leading   business  men  of   Bethany. 

S.  M.  Oxford,  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Grant  Town- 
ship, was  born  February  7,  1844,  in  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  and  is 
the  seventh  of  a  family  of  eight  children,  born  to  William  and  Nancy 
(McCollum)  Oxford,  natives  of  Tennessee  and  Clay  County,  Ken- 
tucky, and  of  English  and  German  descent,  respectively.  S.  M. 
Oxford  was  cast  upon  his  own  responsibilities  when  but  ten  years 
old,  and,  although  he  began  life  a  poor  boy,  by  energy  and  good  man- 
agement has  made  his  way  successfully  through  life,  and  is  now  the 
owner  of  a  finely  improved  farm,  iipon  which  he  resides,  of  320  acres, 
and  is  also  the  owner  of  113  acres  near  Loraine,  all  of  which  property 
is  the  result  of  his  own  industry  and  labor.  In  the  fall  of  1862  he 
married  Miss  Rachel  A.  Needham,  who  died  in  February,  1863.  Mr. 
Oxford  was  then  married  to  Miss  Martha  E.  Daugherty,  a  native  of 
Illinois,  who  was  brought  to  Harrison  County  when  a  little  girl. 
Seven  children  have  blessed  this  union :  Elmer  S. ,  John  W. ,  Lulu  M. , 
Mattie  F. ,  Lillian  G. ,  Joan  N.  and  Mary  R.  Mr.  Oxford  is  a  stanch 
Republican  in  politics,  and  one  of  the  respected  farmer  citizens  of  the 
township,  who  is  extensively  interested  in  cattle  and  horse  raising. 

M.  F.  Oxford  is  a  son  of  Jacob  B.  and  Maiy  J.  (McHaney)  Oxford, 
and  was  born  in  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  November  10,  1848.  The 
father  was  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  and  when  a  child  accompanied 
his  parents  to  Kentucky,  where  be  was  reared.  There  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Mahala  Davidson,  a  native  of  that  State,  by  whom  he  had 
one  son,  J.  D. ,  now  married  and  preaching  the  gospel  near  the  county 
seat  of  Harrison  County.  Mr.  Oxford  immigrated  to  Daviess  County, 
Mo.,  about  1838,  and  shortly  after  buried  his  wife  in  that  county. 
His  next  marriage  was  to  the  mother  of  our  subject,  by  whom  he  had 
nine  children,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living.  Mr.  Oxford  was  an 
early  settler  of  Harrison,  where  he  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
and  served  one  term  as  assessor.  While  in  this  county  he  lost  his  sec- 
ond wife,  who  died  of  dropsy,  of  which  disease  she  had  long  suffered, 
on  September  30,  1879,  and  who  was  the  first  person  buried  in  Oak- 
lawn  Cemetery.  He  then  made  his  home  with  M.  F.,  but  a  few  years 
later,  while  visiting  his  sister-in-law  in  Daviess  County,  was  taken 
ill  and  died;  brought  home  a  corpse,  he  was  buried  on  the  16th  of 
December,  1882,  in  Oaklawn  Cemetery  by  the  side  of  his  wife.  He 
was  a  public-spirited  man,  greatly  interested  in  the  cause  of  education, 
and  endeavored  to  give  his  childi-en  all  the  advantages  in  that  line  he 
could.     He  was  once  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  but  died  a  con- 


594  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

vert  to  the  Christian  faith.  His  wife  was  a  Baptist.  M.  F.  Oxford 
spent  his  youth  upon  his  father's  farm  in  Harrison  County,  working 
upon  the  farm  in  the  summers,  and  attending  the  district  schools  in  the 
winters.  He  afterward  attended  a  select  school,  and  at  the  age  of 
nineteen  began  to  teach  school,  which  he  continued  for  several  years 
with  success.  When  of  age  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Sarah  J. 
Chambers,  a  native  of  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  a  daughter  of  Isaiah 
Chambers,  an  influential  man  of  Mercer  County.  Mr.  Oxford  then 
taught  school  two  years  more,  after  which,  in  1872,  he  engaged  in  the 
drug  and  grocery  business  at  Gainesville  with  S.  D.  Eardin.  Two 
years  later  he  sold  his  interest  to  his  partner,  and  started  for  Califor- 
nia. He  stopped  thirty  days  at  Corinne,  Utah,  working  for  a  grocery 
and  fruit  house,  and  then  returned  home  and  resumed  business  in 
Cainesville  as  successor  to  Moss  &  Hagen,  general  merchants,  in  which 
business  he  has  been  engaged  over  thirteen  years.  To  Mr.  Oxford 
and  wife  five  children  have  been  born:  Nora  L.  (deceased),  Cora  E., 
Oscar  H. ,  Gertrude  and  Ada  M.  Mr.  Oxford  assisted  in  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Cainesville  Bank,  of  which  he  has  since  been  a  stock- 
holder and  director.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  and  both 
himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Baptist  Church.  He  has  been  the 
superintendent  of  the  Baptist  Sunday-school  at  Cainesville  four  years, 
and  in  that  time  has  been  absent  from  his  post  but  three  Sundays. 
In  1886  he  was  the  Democratic  nominee  for  representative,  and  not- 
withstanding the  Republican  majority  in  the  county  was  nearly  700, 
he  was  only  defeated  by  a  majority  of  412. 

F.  Papineau,  proprietor  of  the  photographic  studio,  northeast  of 
the  public  square,  Bethany,  Mo.,  is  a  native  of  Canada,  and  son  of 
Francis  and  Mary  (Trudell)  Papineau.  He  was  bom  in  the  year 
1848,  and,  having  early  displayed  a  decided  taste  for  artistic  pursuits, 
entered  while  quite  young  upon  the  study  of  photography,  in  which 
he  soon  acquired  great  proficiency.  In  1875  he  began  work  in  the 
city  of  Chicago,  and  six  years  later  (1881)  established  his  present  gg,i- 
lery  in  Bethany,  Mo. ,  at  this  time  one  of  the  finest  and  best  equipped 
art  studios  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  He  is  assisted  in  the 
business  by  his  brother,  A.  P.  Papineau,  a  skillful  artist  of  seventeen 
years'  experience,  and  is  prepared  to  do  all  kinds  of  work,  to  wit:  pho- 
tographs, India  ink,  crayon,  water  colors,  and  bromide  portraits,  in  the 
latest  and  most  approved  styles.  Mr.  Papineau  makes  a  specialty 
of  life-sized  portraits,  also  of  enlarging  and  copying,  in  which 
branches  of  the  art  he  enjoys  much  more  than  a  local  reputation, 
his  work  in  quality  and  finish  ranking  with  that  of  the  best  studios  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  595 

the  west.  His  gallery  is  supplied  with  all  the  modern  appliances,  and 
no  pains  or  expense  have  been  spared  to  make  it  a  studio  where  the 
finest  work  known  to  the  art  can  be  obtained.  The  Messrs.  Papineau 
are  energetic  and  agreeable  gentlemen,  fully  up  with  the  demands  of 
the  times,  and  since  locating  in  Bethany  have  displayed  a  spirit  of 
enterprise  in  their  calling,  the  result  of  which  is  a  large  and  con- 
stantlj'  increasing  business. 

Joseph  B.  Phillebaiim  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn., 
March  4,  1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Judge  Isaac  and  Jeanette  (Harvey) 
Phillebaum,  both  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  and  born  in  1812  and  1809, 
respectively.  The  family  moved  fi'om  Pennsylvania  to  Ohio,  in  1850, 
and  located  in  Coshocton  County,  where  Mr.  Phillebaum  served  as  a 
member  of  the  board  of  directors.  In  1855  they  moved  to  Han-ison 
County,  Mo.,  where  the  father  bought  an  improved  farm  but  after- 
ward improved  three  farms.  He  was  twice  married,  his  first  wife 
having  died  when  Joseph  was  but  a  child.  His  death  occurred  in 
Harrison  County,  Mo.,  June  4,  1887.  By  the  first  marriage  there 
were  two  children:  JohnH.  (deceased),  who  was  a  successful  attorney, 
and  J.  B.  By  the  second  there  are  one  son  and  two  daughters, 
all  of  whom  are  married  and  living.  Joseph  B.  Phillebaum  came  to 
Missouri  with  his  parents  in  1855,  and  arrived  at  his  majority  in 
Harrison  County.  In  July,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  Second  Missouri 
Cavalry,  which  was  mustered  in  as  Fremont' s  Body  Guard.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  battles  at  Silver  Creek,  Kirksville,  Memphis,  Moore's 
Mill,  Ironton,  (Mo.),  Clarendon,  Brownsville,  Little  Rock,  Prairie  and 
De  Ann,  Ark.  He  was  discharged  at  St.  Louis,  at  the  exiairation  of 
his  service  in  November,  1864,  and  then  returned  home  to  farm  life. 
April  14,  1881,  he  married  Sarah  E.,  daughter  of  Peter  Montgomery 
(deceased).  Mrs.  Phillebaum  was  born  in  Johnson  County,  Mo.,  and 
is  the  mother  of  twins  born  S^ovember  28,  1887,  Willard  Carl,  and 
Georgia  May  Phillebaum,  and  Delia  Grace,  aged  six.  After  his  mar- 
riage !Mr.  Phillebaum  settled  upon  his  present  place  which  he  had  owned 
some  time  previously.  He  has  a  farm  of  340  acres,  fenced,  in  meadow, 
pasture  and  plow  land,  upon  which  he  has  erected  a  comfortable  house 
and  good  outbuildings.  He  has  a  fine  orchard  of  about  100  trees,  and 
is  a  successful  farmer  citizen.  He  is  independent  in  politics,  and  votes 
for  persons  rather  than  party.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Ridgeway 
Lodge  of  I.   O.   O.  F. 

George  L.  Phillips,  postmaster  at  Bethany,  Mo.,  was  born  in 
Essex  County,  Va. ,  September  15,  1853,  and  is  a  son  of  George  W.  and 
Susan  E.  (Clarkson)  Phillips.     George  L.  was  reared  to  manhood  in 


596  HARRISON   COUNT?. 

his  native  State,  and  was  employed  as  a  clerk  two  years  prior  to  com- 
ing to  Bethany,  after  which  he  clerked  in  a  dry  goods  store  for  three 
years,  and  was  with  J.  P.  Hamilton  &  Co. ,  in  the  hardware  business, 
eight  years.  Febrnary  3,  188G,  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Beth- 
any, and  is  now  discharging  the  duties  of  that  office,  and  in  connec- 
tion with  the  same  has  conducted  a  news  and  stationery  stand  in  the 
postcffice  room  for  the  last  fifteen  months.  December  3,  1876,  he 
married  Miss  Ida  Monson,  a  native  of  Bethany,  and  a  daughter  of 
Thomas  Monson,  of  Harrison  County.  This  union  has  been  blessed 
with  three  children,  Nora,  Eulalie  and  Eobert  C.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Phillips  are  worthy  members  of  the  Christian  Chui'ch.  Mr.  Phillips 
is  a  Democrat,  and  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

Enos  Pickens  was*born  in  Oswego  County,  N.  Y.,  December  29, 
1827,  and  is  a  son  of  James  and  Philinda  (Moffitt)  Pickens,  natives  of 
Otsego  County,  N.  Y.,  born  in  1799  and  1796.  They  were  man-ied 
in  Otsego  County,  but  Resided  in  Oswego  and  Onondaga  Counties,  and 
in  1850  went  to  Cook  County,  111.,  where  they  lived  untU  their 
deaths  at  the  ages  of  eighty-five  and  seventy-seven,  respectively.  The 
father  was  a  clothier  by  trade,  but  his  occupation  was  that  of  farming. 
Mr.  Pickens  was  a  Union  man  during  the  war,  and  himself  and  wife 
were  members  of  the  Methodist  Chiu'ch.  Bj'  their  man-iage  ten  chil- 
dren were  born,  of  whom  six  are  living.  One  was  killed  in  the  war. 
Enos  Pickens  was  reared  near  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  and  there  passed  his 
boyhood  and  received  a  district-school  education.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  began  life  for  himself  in  Onondaga  County,  N.  Y. ,  by 
engaging  in  the  salt  business.  He  then  spent  three  years  mining  in 
California  with  fair  success,  and  then,  after  a  visit  to  New  York,  came 
west  in  1855.  He  spent  two  years  in  Decatur  County,  Iowa,  and  in 
1859  settled  in  Harrison  County,  Mo.  In  1858^  he  was  married  in 
Decatur  County,  Iowa,  to  Miss  Charlotte  A.  Earl,  a  native  of  Indiana, 
who  was  reared  in  New  Jersey,  her  parents'  native  State.  This  union 
has  been  blessed  with  two  children,  one  of  whom  died  in  infancy, 
and  the  other,  Charlotte '  Earl,  is  a  graduate  of  the  Jacksonville 
Female  College,  and  wife  of  Dr.  Nally,  of  Cainesville.  In  politics  Mr. 
Pickens  is  a  Republican,  and  under  President  Lincoln  served  as  post- 
master three  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M. ,  Lodge 
No.  328,  and  one  of  the  influential  men  of  the  county.  He  was  instru- 
mental in  the  organization  of  the  Cainesville  Bank,  of  which  he  is  a 
director  and  stockholder,  and  his  farm  of  220  acres  is  one  of  the  best 
•improved  and  cultivated  farms  in  Harrison  County.  Mr.  and  Mi-s. 
Pickens  belong  to  the  Methodist  Church. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  597 

George  F.  Pierson,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  is  the  third  child  of 
a  family  of  five  sons  and  three  daughters  '  orn  to  Henry  C.  and  Louisa 
(Hazzard). Pierson.  The  father  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1806,  and 
the  mother  in  Marj'land  the  same  year'.  While  young  they  went  to 
Scott  County,  Ind. ,  where  they  married  and  lived  until  their  deaths 
in  1841  and  1845,  respectively.  Both  *  belonged  to  the  Christian 
Church.  In  early  life  the  father  worked  at  the  shoemaker's  trade, 
but  later  devoted  his  time  to  farming.  In  politics  he  was  a  Whig. 
George  F.  Pierson  is  of  English,  Dutch  and  Irish  descent,  and  was 
born  in  Scott  County,  Ind.,  in  1829.  He  was  reared  upon  a  farm, 
leceived  a  common-school  education,  and  upon  the  death  of  his  par- 
ents, when  he  was  sixteen  years  bf  age,  began  life  for  himself  as  a  farm 
laborer.  When  of  age  he  learned  the  tanner's  and  currier's  trade,  at 
which  he  worked  until  1856,  when  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo., 
where  he  has  since  made  his  home.  In  1861  he  joined  Company  F, 
"Merrill's  Horse,"  but  was  discharged  the  same  year  on  account  of 
sicknesb.  In  1862  he  re-enlisted  in  Company  E,  of  the  Third  Mis- 
souri Cavalry,  which,  after  its  consolidation  with  the  Sixth  Missouri, 
became  known  as  Company  M.  In  1864  he  veteranized  in  Company 
D,  Thirteenth  Missouri  Cavalry,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
In  the  first  and  last  companies  he  served  as  corporal.  In  1858  he 
married  Priscilla  J.  Mallatt,  a  native  of  Jasper  County,  Ind.,  by 
whom  three  children  were  born,  Louisa  J.,  George  P.,  and  Mary  E. 
Mrs.  Pierson  died  in  188Q,  and  two  years  later  Mr.  Pierson  married 
Mary  A.  Green,  a  native  of  Illinois,  by  whom  two  children  were  born, 
Andrew  D.  and  Clara  F.  Both  wives  belonged  to  ,the  church  of  the 
United  Brethren  in  Christ.  Mr.  Pierson  is  a  Republican  in  politics, 
and,  despite  the  fact  that  he  began  life  poor,  he  now  owns  282  acres 
of  good  land. 

David  M.  Poe,  a  representative  citizen  of  Harrison  County,  was 
born  March  6,  1847,  in  Hardin  County,  Ohio,  and  was  the  eldest  of  four 
children  of  Samuel  A.  and  Phoebe  (Clayjsole)  Poe.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  Ohio,  and  were  married  in  the  same  State,  living  in  Hardin 
County  until  1859,  in  the  fall  of  which  year  they  immigrated  to  Har- 
rison County,  Mo.,  and  settled  on  a  tract  of  land  situated  in  Sections  31 
and  32  of  Washington  Township,  where  they  resided  until  1865,  when 
they  moved  to  Monona  County,  Iowa.  They  lived  here  only  five 
months,  and  then  returned  to  Washington  Township,  Harrison  Co. , 
Mo.  The  father  bought  the  tract  of  land  situated  in  Section  32,  Town 
65  north.  Range  29  west,  where  they  have  since  resided.  David  M. 
received  his  education  in  his  native  county,  also  in' Harrison  County, 


598  HARBISON    COUNTY. 

Mo.,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  left  the  parental  roof;  he  soon 
afterward  married,  and  located  on  the  farm  he  had  bought,  situated 
in  Section  32,  of  same  township  and  range,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  Martha  J.,  daughter  of  William  and  Janet  (Smith)  Sutcliffe, 
was  born  November  1,  1847,  in  Scotland,  and  accompanied  her  par- 
ents to  America  when  a  child.  They  landed  at  New  York,  and  pro- 
ceeded westward,  i-esiding  at  Valparaiso  for  about  three  years,  thence 
to  Milwaukee,  Wis. ,  where  they  remained  but  a  short  time  and  then 
moved  to  Iowa;  settled  in  Fayette  County,  but,  after  three  or  four 
years'  residence  here,  moved  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ;  thence  they 
moved  to  Gentry  County,  where  Martha  became  the  wife  of  our  sub- 
ject December  16,  1868.  The  wife's  parents  are  still  living  in  De 
Kalb  County,  Mo.  The  man-iage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Poe  has  been 
blessed  with  seven  children  (two  dead).  The  surviving  ones  are  AVill- 
iam  F. ,  Andy  N. ,  Sarah  M. ,  Bertha  Leonora  and  Mary  L.  Mr.  Poe 
is  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  Horatio  Seymour  in  1868,  and, 
although  at  all  times  heartily  supporting  his  party,  has  never  sought 
office.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Grange — Denver  Lodge.  Though  he 
has  never  identified  himself  with  any  church,  Mr.  Poe  always  lends  his 
cheerful  and  hearty  support  to  all  church  and  worthy  undertakings. 
He  has  always  been  an  energetic  and  industrious  farmer,  and  as  the 
result  of  his  efforts,  and  the  careful  management  of  himself  and  wife, 
has  a  fine  farm  of  160  acres,  the  most  of  which  is  improved  and  in  a 
fine  state  of  cultivation. 

E.  G.  Poland  was  born  in  Knox  County,  Ohio,  April  29,  1840,  and 
is  the  son  of  Charles  and  Mary  (Stoner)  Poland,  natives  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  of  German-English  and  German  descent,  respectively. 
They  were  married  in  their  native  State,  and  shortly  afterward  immi- 
grated to  Knox  County,  Ohio,  where  eleven  children  were  born,  nine  of 
whom  are  living.  Charles  Poland  was  a  strong  Union  man,  and  lost 
one  son  during  the  war.  Both  Mr.  and  Mi"s.  Poland  were  useful  and 
consistent  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Chm-ch,  and  lived  their  full 
three  score  years  and  ten.  E.  G.  Poland  was  reared  in  his  native 
county,  and  in  1861  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Twentieth  Ohio  Infantry, 
Col.  Force,  and  served  until  discharged  in  July,  1863.  In  1863  he 
re-enlisted  as  a  veteran,  serving  until  mustered  out  at  Columbus,  Ohio, 
in  1865.  Among  the  battles  in  which  he  fought  are  Fort  Donelson, 
Shiloh,  Vicksburg.  Jackson,  Atlanta,  Jonesboro,  Marietta  and  Savan- 
nah. During  the  war  ]\Ir.  Poland  was  taken  a  prisoner  at  Shiloh,  and 
held  two  months.  He  is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  After  the  ces- 
sation of  hostilities  he  farmed  in  Illinois  one  rear,  and  then  came  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  599 

Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  owns  a  valuable  farm,  situated  in 
Akron  settlement,  Clay  Township,  and  is  considered  a  well-to-do  man. 
January  5,  1871,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Jemima  Mor- 
gan, daughter  of  Richard  and  Nancy  Morgan,  by  whom  three  children 
have  been  boru:  Harvey  E. ,  Martha  D.  (deceased),  and  Dwight  C. 
Ml',  and  Mrs.  Poland  belong  to  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

D.  F.  Poland  was  born  in  Knox  County,  Ohio,  March  9,  1848,  and 
is  a  son  of  Charles  and  Mary  (Stoner)  Poland.  [See  sketch  of  E.  G. 
Poland.  ]  He  was  reared  in  his  native  State  with  but  limited  educa- 
tional advantages,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  enlisted  in  Company  B, 
One  Hundred  and  Foiiy-second  Ohio  Infantry,  Col.  Charles  Cooper's 
command.  After  a  four- months'  service  he  was  honorably  discharged, 
and  then  remained  at  home  with  his  parents  until  November  10,  1879, 
when  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
He  at  fii'st  made  his  home  with  his  brother,  E.  G.  Poland,  but  after 
his  marriage,  December  29,  1881,  to  Miss  Mary  Morgan,  daughter  of 
A.  M.  and  Jane  Morgan,  located  upon  his  present  farm,  which  he 
had  improved  somewhat.  Mrs.  Poland  was  born  July  21,  1860,  in 
Dresden,  Muskingum  Co.,  Ohio,  and  in  the  spring  of  1871  moved  to 
Akron,  Harrison  Co.,  Mo.  The  farm  of  Mr.  Poland  is  now  well  cul- 
tivated, and  contains  170  acres  of  good  land.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Poland 
are  consistent  members  of  the  Presbyterian  Chui'ch.  By  their  union 
one  child,  Charles  Earl,  who  is  now  three  years  of  age,  has  been  born. 
Mr.  Poland  is  a  Kepublican,  and  during  President  Arthur's  adminis- 
tration was  made  postmaster  of  Akron,  which  position  he  has  since 
held.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. ,  Knights  of  Honor,  Masonic 
fraternity  and  I.  O.  O.  F. 

John  Posler  was  born  in  Bohemia  November  1,  1823,  and  is  a  son 
of  Wencl  and  Annie  Posler,  also  natives  of  Bohemia.  The  father  was 
a  soap  maniifacturer,  and  died  in  his  native  land  aged  fifty-eight. 
The  mother  came  to  America  with  her  son,  John,  and  lived  with  him 
until  her  death,  at  the  age  of  seventy-one.  John  Posler  is  a  carjjen- 
ter  by  trade,  but  has  never  followed  this  occupation.  He  clerked  in 
the  city  court  at  Bohemia  six  years,  and  served  in  the  rebellion 
against  the  Austrian  Empire.  After  coming  to  this  country  Mr. 
Posler  went  to  Wisconsin  in  1850,  and  afterward  spent  some  time  in 
Iowa.  In  1857  he  came  to  this  county,  and  has  since  made  his 
home  in  this  locality.  During  the  war  he  served  one  year  in 
Company  F,  Twenty-seventh  Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry,  under 
Capt.  Clark.  He  participated  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  and  the 
battle  of  Jackson,  and   was  for  nearly   two  years  a  member  of   the 


600  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

Veteran  Reserve  Corps.  After  being  transferred  he  resumed  his 
farm  life,  and  in  1866  returned  to  Europe  for  his  mother  and  sister, 
Josephine,  both  of  whom  are  now  dead.  In  1872  Mr.  Posler  was 
married  at  the  age  of  fifty-two  to  Anna  Skakal,  born  in  Bohemia,  and 
to  them  three  sons  have  been  born:  John,  Joseph  and  Jerry.  Mr. 
Posler  is  an  enterprising  citizen,  and  the  owner  of  125  acres  of  good 
land,  besides  his  residence  property  in  Gainesville.  He  is  well  educa- 
ted, and  speaks  Bohemian,  English  and  German  with  fluency.  He 
reads  French  readily,  and  is  quite  a  Latin  student.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Eepublican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Post  No.  216,  at  Gaines- 
ville. 

Samuel  Pratt,  a  leading  merchant  of  Mount  Moriah,  is  a  son 
of  Nathaniel  and  Margaret  (Laird)  Pratt.  His  father  was  born  in 
Berkshire  Gounty,  Mass.,  and  the  mother  in  Tazewell  Gounty,  Va. 
The  father  was  a  peddler  in  early  life,  and  thus  met  Miss  Laird,  whom 
he  afterward  married.  They  soon  afterward  moved  to  Greene  Gounty, 
111. ,  where  they  were  among  the  early  settlers.  In  1849  they  went 
to  Gentry  Gounty,  Mo. ,  where  they  spent  the  remainder  of  their  lives, 
dying  at  the  ages  of  sixty-three  and  eighty-one,  respectively.  Dui-- 
ing  the  Black  Hawk  War  Mr.  Pratt  served  as  a  captain.  To  them 
seven  sons  and  three  daughters  were  born,  of  whom  our  subject  was 
the  sixth.  Nathaniel  Pratt  engaged  principally  in  farming  and  brick 
laying  during  the  latter  part  of  his  life,  although  at  one  time  he 
taught  school.  Himself  and  wife  were  followers  of  the  Baptist  faith. 
Samuel  Pratt  was  born  in  Greene  Gounty,  111. ,  in  1831,  where  he  was 
reared  upon  a  farm,  and  received  a  good  English  education.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-two  he  began  a  career  of  school  teaching  which  he  con- 
tinued twenty-seven  terms  in  Missouri,  Iowa  and  Galifornia.  Among 
his  pupils  in  Worth  Gounty,  Mo.,  was  Miss  Martha  P.  Fickle,  for 
whom  he  formed  an  attachment,  and  at  one  of  the  gatherings  at  the 
schoolhouse,  taking  her  by  the  hand  ostensibly  to  lead  a  game,  he 
led  her  to  the  hymeneal  altar,  much  to  the  astonishment  of  all  present. 
This  marriage  occurred  in  1856,  and  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pratt  the  fol- 
lowing six  children  were  born:  John  S.,  Maggie  I.,  Samuel  H.; 
George  A.,  Gharley  T.  and  Martha  J.  In  1S68  Mr.  Pratt  lost  his 
wife  while  living  in  Galifornia,  and  returning  to  Missouri  in  1870  he 
was  united  in  marriage  the  following  year  to  Martha  R.  Wright,  by 
whom  five  children  have  been  born:  Minnie  M.,  Allie  F.,  Mary  E., 
Thomas  L.  and  Lucy  B.  Soon  after  his  second  marriage  Mr.  Pratt 
opened  a  store  in  Modena,  Mercer  Co.,  Mo.,  where  he  remained 
in  business  about  ten  years.     Mr.   Pratt  is  a  successful  merchant  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  601 

long  standing,  having  been  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  from 
1856  until  1861  in  Denver,  Worth  Co.,  Mo.,  and  since  1887  he 
has  BUGcessfully  sold  goods  in  Mount  Moriah.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Democrat,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  He  is  of 
English  descent  upon  the  paternal  and  Welsh  upon  the  maternal  side 
of  the  family. 

Gen.  B.  M.  Prentiss,  one  of  the  chief  actors  in  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion,  was  born  in  Wood  County,  Va. ,  in  1819.  Emigrating 
v^est  from  there  in  1836  he  located  in  Marion  County,  Mo.,  and 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cordage.  In  the  spring  of  1841  he 
moved  to  Quincy,  111. ,  and  engaged  in  the  same  business  with  his 
father  until  1847,  at  which  time  he  began  the  study  of  law,  although 
he  did  not  practice  his  profession  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Dur- 
ing the  Mormon  excitement  in  Illinois  he  was  in  the  service  of  the 
State,  and  at  the  commencement  of  the  Mexican  War  was  appointed 
adjutant  of  the  First  Illinois  Infantry,  which  was  raised  at  Quincy,  and 
with  which  regiment  he  served  during  the  entire  war,  after  which  he 
returned  to  Quincy.  In  April,  1861,  in  response  to  the  call  of  Presi- 
dent Lincoln  for  75,000  troops.  Gen.  Prentiss  immediately  organized 
a  company  of  which  he  was  elected  captain.  Three  days  later  he  was 
commissioned  colonel  of  the  Tenth  Illinois  Infantry,  and  ordered  to 
Cairo,  which  was  the  rendezvous  for  most  of  the  western  troops, 
and  of  which  he  was  placed  in  command  just  five  days  subsequent  to 
being  commissioned  colonel.  From  there  he  was  ordered  by  Gen. 
Fremont  to  Jefferson  City,  Mo.,  to  take  command  of  all  North  and  Cen- 
tral Missouri.  Subsequently  being  ordered  upon  the  field  by  Gen. 
Halleck  he  proceeded  to  Pittsburg  Landing,  where  he  arrived  April 
1,  and  there  organized  and  took  command  of  the  Sixth  Division.  On 
the  morning  of  the  6th  his  command  was  attacked  by  the  enemy, 
against  whom  he  gallantly  contended  the  entire  day  in  what  is  known 
as  the  "hornets'  nest,"  but  as  his  force  was  outnumbered  by  that  of 
the  enemy,  he  was  overcome  at  nightfall  and  captured.  He  was  held 
a  prisoner  six  months,  during  which  time  he  was  confined  at  Talladega, 
Selma,  Madison  and  Libby  prisons.  After  an  exchange  of  prisoners 
had  been  effected  he  visited  Washington,  and  was  granted  a  leave  of 
thirty  days,  but  before  the  expiration  of  that  time  was  ordered  to  sit 
on  the  court  martial  in  the  case  of  Gen.  Fitz  John  Porter.  After  the 
close  of  this  trial  he  was  ordered  to  report  to  Gen.  Grant  at  Milliken's 
Bend,  by  whom  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Eastern  Divis- 
ion of  Arkansas,  with  headquarters  at  Helena.  Upon  July  4,  1863, 
he  commanded  the  Union  forces  in  the  battle  of  Helena,  gaining  a 

38 


i 


602  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

decided  victory  over  the  enemy,  whose  forces  more  than  four  times  out- 
numbered his.  Previous  to  this  battle,  for  his  brave  and  gallant  serv- 
ice at  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  he  was  promoted  to  the  major-generalship, 
but  a  year  after  the  battle  of  Helena  he  deemed  it  his  duty  to  resign, 
after  which  he  returned  to  his  family.  He  then  practiced  his  chosen 
profession  for  the  following  six  years,  and  then  on  April  1,  1869, 
was  appointed,  by  Gen.  Grant,  pension  agent  for  the  Fourth  District 
of  Illinois,  which  position  he  held  for  several  years.  The  General  is 
an  ardent  Republican  and  a  public-spirited  gentleman  who  is  always 
ready  to  aid  laudable  enterprises  for  the  advancement  of  the  country. 
Being  well-known  throughout  the  country  and  greatly  admii-ed  for  his 
principles  and  his  war  record,  he  has  often  been  urged  by  his  friends 
to  accept  high  political  honors  but  has  usually  declined.  In  1881  he 
located  in  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  his  home  is  at  present  in  Sher- 
man Township,  although  for  four  years  he  has  been  in  the  lecture  field, 
in  which  he  has  been  very  successful.  He  is  the  only  survivor  of  the 
celebrated  Fitz  John  Porter  court  martial,  and  as  he  enjoys  excellent 
health  will  probably  live  many  years  to  relate  his  thrilling  war  expe- 
riences to  an  interested  public. 

H.  Peugh,  a  retired  farmer,  is  next  to  the  youngest  child  of  Levi 
and  Jane  (Wadkins)  Peugh,  and  was  born  in  Montgomery  County, 
Va. ,  April  25,  1826.  His  parents  were  natives  of  that  State,  where 
they  were  married,  and  all  their  childi-en  save  one,  were  born.  In 
1830  they  moved  to  Wayne  County,  Ind.,  where  the  father  died  about 
1836.  After  living  in  Washington  arid  Bartholomew  Counties,  in 
1858  the  mother  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  settled  in  Sher- 
man Township,  where  her  last  days  were  spent.  She  lived  to  the  age 
of  seventy-three,  and  was  a  member  of  the  United  Brethren  Church. 
The  father  is  thought  to  have  been  of  Scotch  descent,  a  soldier  in  the 
War  of  1812,  and  by  occupation  a  farmer.  Humphrey  Peugh,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  reared  upon  a  farm,  and  as  his  mother 
was  indulgent  and  did  not  enforce  his  attendence  at  school  he  received 
no  education,  but  feeling  his  own  deficiency  in  this  regard,  has  given 
his  children  the  benefits  of  good  instruction.  He  began  life  for  him- 
self at  the  age  of  eighteen  as  a  farm  laborer  for  S6  per  month,  and  as 
he  received  no  share  of  his  father's  estate  upon  its  division,  deter- 
mined to  become  a  well-to-do  man.  This  resolution  he  has  fulfilled, 
and  is  now  the  owner  of  785  acres  of  good  land,  and  is  one  of  the  highly 
respected  citizens  of  Harrison  County,  where  he  has  resided  over 
twenty-nine  years.  In  1846  he  married  Malinda  McDonald,  a  native 
of  Ohio,  by  whom  four  children  were  born:     William  H.,  SanfordM., 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  603 

Thomas  J.  and  Malinda  E.  After  the  death  of  his  first  wife  he 
wedded  her  sister,  Malissa.  Mr.  Peugh  has  been  a  steward  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church  for  a  number  of  years,  and  has  been  a 
trustee  eight  years.  Both  his  wives  united  with  the  same  church. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Whig,  and  his  first  presidential  vote  was  cast  for 
Taylor.  He  has  served  his  township  in  several  minor  offices,  and  dur- 
ing the  war  was  in  the  detailed  militia. 

William  L.  Ragan,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  is  the  sixth  child  of 
twelve  born  to  Darby  and  Esther  (Barnett)  Ragan,  and  was  born  in 
Blount  County,  Tenn.,  in  1841.  His  parents  were  born  in  East  Ten- 
nessee in  1808  and  1810,  respectively,  and  after  their  marriage  in  1831 . 
continued  to  live  there  imtil  1852.  They  then  moved  to  Gentry 
County,  Mo. ,  and  the  following  year  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. , 
where  the  father  died  in  1875  and  the  mother  in  1871.  Both  were 
members  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Chiu-ch,  in  which  he  was  a 
rilling  elder.  By  occupation  Mr.  Ragan  was  a  farmer,  and  for  many 
years  he  served  as  a  magistrate.  His  death  resulted  from  a  fall 
received  while  riding  in  a  spring  wagon  with  a  sister.  The  horse 
balked,  throwing  them  from  the  back  seat  and  breaking  Mr.  Ragan' s 
back,  his  death  resulting  in  a  few  hours.  William  L.  Ragan  was 
reared  upon  a  farm  and  received  a  common-school  education,  his  serv- 
ices outside  the  school  room  being  required  at  home.  When  of  age 
he  began  farming  for  himself  upon  rented  land,  and  in  1862  married 
Rebecca  H.  Koger,  who  was  born  in  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  in  1844. 
This  union  has  been  blessed  with  ten  children:  Esther  A.,  Louisa  E., 
Martha  E. ,  Mary  L. ,  Fannie  A. ,  John  B. ,  Jordan  C. ,  Susan  B. ,  James 
S.  and  Hugh  D.  Both  subject  and  his  wife  are  worthy  members  of 
the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  in  which  he  is  a  ruling  elder, 
and  in  politics  the  former  is  a  Democrat.  As  a  farmer  he  has  been 
quite  successful,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  210  acres  of  good  land.  He 
is  interested  in  fine  stock,  and  owns  a  fine  pedigreed  Durham  bull,  and 
a  horse  of  superior  grade. 

Frederick  H.  Ramer  was  born  in  Noble  County,  Ind. ,  December 
17,  1847,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Amanda  (Nichols)  Ramer,  natives, 
respectively,  of  Virginia  and  Indiana.  The  father  came  to  Missouri 
with  his  family  in  1858,  and  for  many  years  was  proprietor  of  the 
Ramer  Hotel.  Upon  his  death,  in  1884,  Bethany  lost  one  of  its  old 
and  honored  citizens.  His  widow  still  survives  him,  and  conducts  the 
Ramer  Hotel,  and  there  are  also  two  sons  and  three  daughters  living  : 
Isabel,  wife  of  S.  S.  Mendenhall,  of  Las  Vegas,  N.  M. ;  Charles  W.,  of 
Fort  Collins,  Colo. ;  Sarah  V. ,  wife  of  Dr.  J.  N.  Lewis,  of  Bethany  ; 


604  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

Frederick  H. ,  and  Amanda  J. ,  wife  of  S.  E.  Ballard,  of  Burlington, 
Iowa.  Frederick  arrived  at  maturity  in  Bethany,  and  having  learned 
the  printer's  trade  during  his  youth,  in  the  year  1871  published  the 
St.  Joseph  Journal  of  Commerce,  a  commercial  monthly  of  St  Joseph, 
Mo.  He  than  began  the  study  of  law,  reading  under  Hon.  T.  D. 
Neal,  of  Bethany,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1873,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  more  or  less  engaged  in  practicing  his  profession. 
In  August,  1881,  he  bought  the  Bethany  Republican  which  he  con- 
ducted with  success  until  September,  1887.  He  then  sold  the  paper, 
and  is  now  devoting  his  entire  attention  to  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion. February  4,  1875,  he  married  Miss  Emma  R.  Woodward,  a 
native  of  Beaver  Dam,  Wis. ,  the  mother  of  their  one  son,  Ealph  J. 
Mr.  Ramer  is  an  active  Republican,  and  was  twice  a  candidate  for  the 
State  Legislature.  For  two  years  he  served  as  public  administrator 
of  Harrison  County.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  A.  O. 
U.  W.,  and  is  one  of  the  respected  citizens  of  the  county.  He  is  a 
large  stockholder  in  and  secretary  of  the  Pitt  Carriage  Company,  of  Des 
Moines,  Iowa.  He  is  a  self-made  man,  and  having  been  badly  crip- 
pled since  quite  young  and  always  compelled  to  use  crutches,  he  de- 
serves great  credit  for  the  energy  he  has  displayed  under  such  difficul- 
ties, in  amassing  a  fair  fortune  and  his  success  in  life. 

J.  S.  Rankin  was  born  in  1852,  in  Morgan  County,  Va. ,  and  moved 
to  Jo  Daviess  County,  111.,  in  1854,  and  from  there  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo. ,  in  1870,  settling  upon  the  farm  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. He  began  life  for  himself  at  the  age  of  twenty  in  very  moderate 
circumstances,  but  being  of  an  industrious  and  energetic  nature  he  has 
increased  his  possessions,  and  now  owns  a  iinely  improved  farm  of  240 
acres.  He  was  married  in  the  fall  of  1872  to  Miss  Sarah  Armstrong, 
by  whom  eight  children  have  been  born:  John  T.,  Charles  S.,  Rose 
E.,  Mabel  C,  Lillie,  Nellie  A.,  William  A.,  and  Lora  B.  Mr.  Rankin 
is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  is  the  fourth  of  nine  children  of 
Thomas  and  Elizabeth  (Smith)  Rankin,  natives  of  Morgan  County, 
Va. ,  who  moved  to  Jo  Daviess  County,  111.  Mrs.  Rankin  died  there 
about  1862,  and  the  father  afterward  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. , 
but  in  1880  went  to  Oregon,  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  a  son  of 
Samuel  Rankin,  a  native  of  Morgan  County,  Va. ,  who  fQOved  to  Jo 
Daviess  County,  HI.,  where  both  he  and  his  wife  died.  He  was  a 
soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  Mrs.  Sarah  Rankin,  the  wife  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  is  a  daughter  of  John  and  Nancy  Ann  (Morris) 
Armstrong.  Her  father  was  born  December  31,  1819,  in  Livingston 
County,  N.  J.,  moved  to  Fulton  County,  111.,  in  1838,  and  from  there 


BIOGRAPHICAL  APPENDIX.  605 

came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  1860.  A  year  later  he  returned  to 
Illinois,  but  in  1866  settled  upon  his  present  farm  in  HaiTison  County, 
Mo.  This  farm  contains  260  acres  of  well-improved  land,  which  is 
the  result  of  Mi-.  Aimstrong's  own  labor,  as  he  started  in  life  a  poor 
man.  In  1852  he  married  Miss  Susannah  Moran,  a  native  of  Balti- 
more County,  Md.,  by  whom  three  children  were  born:  Mary  M.,  wife 
of  James  Dilts;  Margery  Ann,  wife  of  S.  D.  Parsons,  and  Susannah, 
wife  of  Percy  Prune.  Mrs.  Armstrong  died  June  1,  1851,  and  Mr. 
Armstrong  was  married  December  15,  1852,  to  Miss  Morris,  a  native 
of  Adams  County,  Ohio,  and  daughter  of  George  and  Elizabeth  (Hurd) 
Morris,  by  whom  twelve  childi-en  have  been  bom.  Mr .  Armstrong  is 
a  Republican,  and  has  served  both  as  assessor  and  register.  His  wife 
is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Judge  Albert  Reeves,  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of 
Grant  Township,  was  born  in  May,  1840,  in  Ashtabula  County,  Ohio, 
and  moved  to  Talmage,  Summit  Co. ,  Ohio,  in  1858.  September  28, 
1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  Ohio  Battery  as  a  private,  and  was 
afterward  made  sergeant  of  his  company.  In  November,  1864,  he 
was  elected  second  lieutenant,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  he  was 
mustered  out  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  July  25,  1865,  having  served  during 
the  entire  time  with  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  He  moved  to 
Hardin  County,  Iowa,  in  March,  1866,  and  in  June,  1867,  moved  upon 
the  farm  in  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He 
began  life  for  himself  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  with  $100,  and  what  he 
is  now  worth  is  due  to  his  industry  and  business  ability.  He  owns  a 
nicely-improved  farm  of  200  acres  in  the  home  place,  and  also  two  other 
tracts,  his  property  in  all  amounting  to  370  acres.  March  9,  1863, 
he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary  A.  Ewell,  a  native  of  Port- 
age County,  Ohio,  and  a  daughter  of  Lorenzo  and  Eliza  B.  (Hildreth) 
Ewell,  natives  of  Massachusetts  and  Maine,  respectively.  To  ISIr.  and 
Mrs.  Reeves  two  children  have  been  born;  William  A.  and  Minnie  E. 
Mr.  Reeves  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  has  served  as  justice  of 
the  peace  three  terms,  once  by  appointment  and  twice  by  election. 
He  officiated  one  term  as  township  clerk,  and  was  elected  presiding 
county  judge  in  1882,  to  which  office  he  was  re-elected  in  1886. 
Himself  and  wife  are  worthy  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  Mr.  Reeves  is  the  third  of  seven  childi'en  of  Harvey  A.  and 
Margaret  (Stewart)  Reeves,  natives  of  Mahoning  County,  Ohio,  and 
Pennsylvania,  respectively.  After  fourteen  months'  service  in  the  Re- 
bellion the  father  was  captured,  and  died  at  Winchester,  Va.,  while  a 
prisoner. 


606  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

L.  P.  Riley  was  born  in  Knox  County,  Ohio,  October  2,  1840,  and 
is  a  son  of  John  and  Susan  (Curtis)  Riley.  The  father  was  born  May 
12,  1811,  in  Culpeper  County,  Va. ,  and  is  of  Scotch  and  Irish 
descent.  The  mother,  a  native  of  Elizabethtown,  Penn.,  was  born 
October  21,  1813,  and  is  of  German  descent.  They  were  married 
in  Knox  County,  Ohio,  whither  they  had  accompanied  their  parents 
when  young,  and  there  located  upon  a  farm,  where  their  twelve  chil- 
dren were  born,  and  ten  were  reared  to  maturity.  Mr.  Riley  is  still 
the  owner  of  the  farm,  but  for  the  past  seven  years  himself  and  wife 
have  lived  in  Centerburg,  Knox  Co.,  Ohio.  They  have  both  been 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  for  over  forty  years.  In 
politics  Mr.  Riley  is  a  Republican,  having  previously  been  a  Whig. 
L.  P.  Riley  was  reared  upon  his  father's  farm,  and  received  his  edu- 
cation at  the  neighborhood  schools  and  the  Academy  of  Halcean,  Hart- 
ford. In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
first  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  Col.  W.  P.  Reed's  command,  in  which 
regiment  he  served  eleven  months,  or  until  discharged  on  account  of 
injuries  received  at  PerryvUle,  Ky.  In  1864  he  re-enlisted  on  the 
gunboat  ' '  Fort  Hindman, ' '  Naval  Department  Mississippi  Squadron, 
and  served  in  the  navy  until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  then  returned 
to  his  wife,  whose  maiden  name  was  Sarah  A.  Frazier,  and  whom  he 
married  May  26,  1864.  To  this  union  three  children  have  been  born, 
two  of  whom  are  living:  Winney  L.  and  Loren  F.  One  child  died  in 
infancy.  Mr.  Riley  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  and  Mr.  Riley  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. ,  Lodge  No. 
147,  and  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  Lodge  No.  328.  His  fine  farm  of  300 
acres  is  well  stocked  and  improved,  and  he  is  considered  one  of  the 
enterprising  men  of  the  township. 

W.  E.  Riley  was  born  in  Knox  County,  Ohio,  June  22,  1842,  and 
is  a  son  of  L.  H.  Riley  [see  sketch].  He  was  reared  in  his  native 
county,  and  August  8,  1863,  enlisted  in  Company  I,  Second  Ohio 
Heavy  Artillery,  and  during  his  two  years'  service  was  in  the  battles 
of  Nashville,  Franklin,  Strawberry  Plains,  Bull's  Gaps  and  many 
others.  After  being  mustered  out  at  Nashville,  August  23,  1865,  he 
returned  home,  and  resuming  his  interrupted  studies  completed  his 
education  at  a  Mount  Vernon  graded  school,  where  he  took  a  classical 
course.  He  then  engaged  in  farming  with  his  father,  and  in  1868 
accompanied  him  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  June  12,  1868,  he 
was  married  in  Ohio  to  Miss  Margaret  S.  Frazier,  a  native  of  Knox 
County,  Ohio,  and  daughter  of  Andrew  Frazier.  By  this  union  five 
childi'en  have  been  born :  Lena  R. ,  Edwin  L. ,  Robinson,  Olive  J.  and 


BIOGEAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  607 

Georgie  A.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Eiley  located  in  Clay  Township, 
Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  has  engaged  in  farming  and  teach- 
ing, although  of  late  years  his  attention  has  been  devoted  to  the  former 
occupation.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eiley  are  worthy  members  of  the  Presby- 
terian Chiu'ch  and  well  respected  citizens.  Mr.  Riley  is  a  Republican, 
and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  During  his  service  of  six  years  as 
justice  of  the  peace  he  united  in  marriage  about  thirty  couple. 

H.  Eistine,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  was  born  in  Schuyler  County, 
111. ,  November  2,  1842,  and  is  a  son  of  John  B.  and  Maria  (Hubbard) 
Ristine,  the  former  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  of  German  descent,  and 
the  latter  a  native  of  Indiana,  where  she  was  married.  Subsequent 
to  his  marriage  Mr.  Ristine  moved  to  Wabash  County,  111. ,  where  he 
lived  several  years  previous  to  his  removal  to  Schuyler  County,  where 
he  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising  thirteen  years.  He  then 
lived  one  year  in  Southwestern  Iowa,  and  thence  came  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo.,  where  he  died  aged  seventy- foiu-.  Mrs.  Ristine  died 
while  in  Schuyler  County,  111.  With  the  exception  of  the  time  he 
served  in  the  War  of  1812  and  the  Black  Hawk  War,  Mr.  Eistine  de- 
voted his  entire  life  to  farming.  H.  Ristine  was  reared  upon  his 
father's  farm,  and  when  of  age  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Thirty-first 
Missouri  State  Militia,  Col.  King's  command,  and  under  Capt.  Mack- 
afee,  which  company  in  1864  consolidated  with  the  Sixth  Missouri 
State  Militia.  After  participating  in  the  fights  at  Newtonia,  Spring- 
field, Neosha,  and  others,  Mr.  Ristine  retui'ned  to  Harrison  County, 
and  for  two  years  sold  goods  in  Cainesville.  He  then  sold  out  his 
business,  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Harrison  County,  three  miles  north- 
west of  Cainesville,  upon  which  he  has  since  farmed  and  engaged  in 
stock  raising.  He  is  also  running  a  hotel  and  livery  stable  in  Caines- 
ville, in  which  he  is  very  successful,  although  he  has  lost  about  $4, 000 
by  fire.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. ,  and  in  politics  is  Independ- 
ent. In  1869  Mr.  Ristine  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Missouri 
Tilley,  a  native  of  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  whose  parents  came  from 
Kentucky.  This  marriage  has  been  blessed  with  three  children:  Alvo- 
rado,  Rosa  and  Henry  G. 

John  Eoberts  was  born  in  Dent  County,  Ind.,  April  18,  1826,  and 
is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Delila  (Blunt)  Eoberts,  who  were  born  and 
married  in  Kentucky,  and  were  of  English  and  Irish  descent.  The 
mother's  father  was  a  ranger  in  the  Eevolutionary  War.  Joseph  was 
a  farmer  by  occupation,  and  after  his  marriage  moved  to  the  northern 
part  of  Indiana,  where  our  subject  was  reared.  The  father  died  in 
Wapello  County,  Iowa,   leaving  a  widow  and  eight  children.     John 


608  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

and  William  Roberts,  of  Chariton,  Iowa,  are  now  the  only  representa- 
tives of  the  family.  Mr.  Roberts  was  a  Whig  in  politics,  and  him- 
self and  wife  were  active  members  of  the  Christian  Chiai-ch.  John 
Roberts  accompanied  his  parents  to  Iowa,  and  there  began  life  for 
himself  a  poor  young  man.  In  18-47  he  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Miss  Jane  Downey,  a  native  of  Boone  County,  Ind.,  whose  parents 
were  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Yirginia.  Mr.  Roberts  continued  to  live 
in  Iowa  about  ten  years,  and  toward  the  latter  part  of  the  decade  his 
wife,  who  was  the  mother  of  ten  children,  lost  her  eyesight.  Her  death 
occui-red  in  1879,  and  Mr.  Roberts  then  maiTied  Mrs.  Joseph  Car- 
gill,  whose  maiden  name  was  Sarah  A.  Jackson.  During  the  war  Mr. 
Roberts  enlisted  in  August,  1862,  in  Company  G,  Twenty-third  Mis- 
souri Infantry,  under  Col.  Robinson,  and  served  three  years,  for 
which  he  now  draws  a  pension  of  §6.  He  is  now  one  of  the  well-to- 
do  farmer  citizens  of  his  township,  owning  120  acres  of  good  land, 
and  has  served  as  constable  four  years.  He  is  a  public-sprited 
man,  and  a  school  director.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  he 
takes  an  active  part  in  the  G.  A.  R. 

Wright  Roberts  was  born  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  November  7, 
1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Charles  and  Sarah  (Harris)  Roberts,  natives  of 
Southern  Canada,  and  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  and  of  Welsh  and 
Irish  origin,  respectively.  Charles  Roberts  came  to  the  State  with 
his  father  when  a  boy,  and  arrived  at  maturity  in  Belmont  County, 
Ohio,  where  he  was  married  August  26,  1830.  He  farmed  in  that 
county  until  181:5,  and  then  went  to  what  is  now  Morrow  County,  Ohio. 
In  1864  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  followed  agricult- 
ural pursuits  in  Aki'on  settlement  two  years,  and  then  finally 
located  in  Chariton.  Iowa,  with  his  wife  and  youngest  daughter. 
There  he  lived  with  his  son,  T.  H. ,  until  his  death.  He  was  formerly 
a  Whig  in  politics,  but  afterward  voted  with  the  Republicans.  He 
was  a  thrifty  man  of  kindly  disposition,  and  himself  and  wife  were 
worthy  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Wright 
Roberts  is  the  fifth  son  of  a  family  of  thirteen  children,  eight  living, 
and  was  reared  upon  his  father's  farm,  receiving  but  a  limited  educa- 
tion during  his  youth.  He  remained  at  home  assisting  his  father 
iintil  twenty-five  years  of  age,  and  then  began  life  for  himself  in 
Morrow  County,  Ohio.  September  1,  1863,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Miss  Samantha  Severe,  then  aged  nineteen,  who  is  a  native  of 
Knox  County,  Ohio,  and  a  daughter  of  Bethel  and  Charlotte  (Con- 
way) Severe,  natives  of  Ohio  and  Yirginia.  Soon  after  his  man-iage, 
Mr.  Roberts  immigrated  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  after  five  years' 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  609 

residence  here  moved  to  Otoe  County,  Neb.  Thirteen  years  later  he 
returned  to  Harrison  County,  and  located  in  the  vicinity  where  he 
had  once  lived,  and  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  numbered  among 
the  substantial  men  in  Harrison  County,  of  character  and  personal 
worth,  and  owns  a  farm  of  160  acres  in  Akron  settlement,  which  is  well 
stocked  and  located.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  himself  and 
wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  To  them  five 
children  have  been  born,  three  of  whom  are  living :  Cora  A.  (wife  of 
W.  L.  McFall),  Jennie  L.  and  Lloyd  S.  Mr.  Roberts  served  for 
fotirteen  months  in  the  army  during  the  war,  being  a  member  of 
Company  B,  Forty-third  Regiment,  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry. 

T.  J.  Roberts  was  born  in  Marion  County,  Ind.,  four  miles  from 
Indianapolis,  in  1840,  and  is  a  son  of  Abner  and  Nancy  (McDonald) 
Roberts,  natives  of  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German  and 
Scotch-Irish  descent, respectively.  In  1830  they  went  to  Marion  County, 
Ind. ,  of  which  place  they  were  early  settlers.  They  were  the  parents  of 
ten  children,  all  but  three  now  living.  They  moved  to  Henry  County, 
Iowa,  in  1850,  and  in  1869  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  where  the 
father  died  in  1870.  The  mother  died  November  6,  1887,  when 
seventy-seven  years  of  age.  He  made  his  home  with  his  parents 
during  his  youth,  and  in  August,  1862,  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Sev- 
enty-ninth Indiana  Infantry,  Col.  Knefler's  command, under  Capt.  Louis 
Mankler.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Perryville,  Stone  River, 
Chickamauga  and  Mission  Ridge  (the  regiment  consolidating  with  the 
Seventy-ninth  and  Eighty-sixth  Indiana  duiingthe  latter  engagement), 
at  Dalton,  Resaca,  Adair,  New  Hope  Court  House,  Picket's  Mill, 
Pine  Knob,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Atlanta,  Jonesboro, 
Franklin,  Springfield  and  Nashville.  After  the  war  he  went  to  Indi- 
ana, where  he  married  Rosanna  Metsker,  who  died  eleven  months 
later.  Her  child  died  soon  after.  In  1870  ilr.  Roberts  came  to  Har- 
rison County,  Mo.,  where  in  1874  he  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Miss  Josephine  Prasak,  who  died  in  1879,  and  by  whom  he  had  two 
children;  Ida  Belle,  and  Nellie  Ellen.  In  1881  he  married  Miss  Jane 
Hadley,  of  this  county  who  is  the  mother  of  two  children:  Fred  R. 
and  Harley  S.  ilr.  Roberts  owns  190  acres  of  well  stocked  and  im- 
proved land.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and  always 
votes  the  Republican  ticket. 

E.  N.  Roberts  was  born  in  St.  Clairsville,  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio, 
September  3,  1844,  and  is  a  son  of  Charles  and  Sarah  (Harris)  Roberts, 
natives  of  Canada  and  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  respectively.  They 
were  married  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  August  20,  1830,  after  which 


610  HABEISON    COUNTY. 

the  father  fanned  there  a  number  of  years.  In  1845  he  immigrated 
to  Morrow  County,  and  in  1864  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. 
Two  years  later  he  went  to  Chariton,  Lucas  Co.,  Iowa,  where  he 
died  in  January,  1875,  at  which  time  he  was  leading  a  retired  life. 
He  was  a  well-to-do  man,  and  himself  and  wife  were  members  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he  was  for  many  years  a  class 
leader.  Of  the  thirteen  children  bom  to  them  eleven  grew  to  maturity 
and  eight  are  now  living,  all  of  whom  are  married.  E.  N.  Roberts  was 
principally  reared  in  Morrow  County,  Ohio,  and  received  a  district - 
school  education.  He  made  his  home  with  his  father  until  twenty-four 
years  of  age,  and  then  married,  April,  11,  1867,  Miss  Eleanor  Frazier, 
daughter  of  Robert  Frazier.  After  his  marriage  he  came  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo. ,  where  he  has  since  resided  in  the  vicinity  of  where  his 
father  once  lived.  He  is  now  a  well-to-do  citizen,  and  the  owner  of  260 
acres  of  well  stocked  and  nicely  improved  land,  upon  which  he  has 
lived  with  the  exception  of  the  years  between  1881  and  1886,  when  he 
served  as  assistant  cashier  in  the  Bethany  Savings  Bank  and  rented 
his  farm.  Mr.  and  'Mrs.  Roberts  are  leading  members  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  and  have  one  child,  Nellie  F. ,  aged  thu-teen. 

C.  W.  Robertson,  dealer  in  di-ugs  and  medicines  at  Ridgeway,  Mo., 
was  born  in  1854,  in  Niagara  County,  N.  Y.,  and  received  his  educa-* 
tion  in  the  academy  at  Lockport,  N.  Y.  He  began  the  study  of  med- 
icine in  the  spring  of  1874,  with  Dr.  C.  N.  Palmer,  of  Lockport,  N. 
Y. ,  and  graduated  from  the  Buffalo  Medical  College,  at  Buffalo,  N. 
Y. ,  in  1879,  after  a  three  years'  course.  He  then  attended  the  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New  York  one  year,  and  in  the  spring  of  1881 
moved  to  Ridgeway,  where  he  began  the  practice  of  his  chosen  pro- 
fession, and  where  he  has  since  enjoyed  excellent  success,  and  has  a 
constantly  increasing  patronage.  In  the  winter  of  1886-87  he 
attended  lectures  at  Rush  Medical  College,  at  Chicago,  lU.  He 
began  life  for  himself  at  the  age  of  twenty-four,  in  poor  financial  cir- 
cumstances, and  is  now,  through  energy  and  practical  business  ability, 
a  well-to-do  man.  He  purchased  the  drug  store  he  now  owns  Decem- 
ber ],  1883,  from  G.  W.  Brewer,  who  established  the  business  in  the 
spring  of  1881.  Mr.  Robertson  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He 
is  the  youngest  of  a  family  of  ten  chUdi-en  born  to  John  and  Susan 
(Quade)  Robertson,  natives  of  Scotland  and  Ireland,  respectively.  The 
father  came  to  the  United  States  at  the  age  of  twenty,  and  settled  in 
Niagara  Coiinty,  N.  Y.,  where  he  died  in  1869,  aged  fifty- four.  He 
was  a  farmer  by  occupation. 

Col.  "W.   P.   Robinson  was  born   in   Carlisle,  Nicholas   Co.,   Ky., 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  611 

Febniary  20,  1826,  and  is  a  son  of  George  and  Clarrissa  (Holladay) 
Robinson,  both  natives  of  Kenti;cky.  The  father  was  of  English 
descent,  and  his  parents  were  early  settlers  of  Kentucky,  whither  they 
moved  from  Virginia  about  1790.  He  was  a  tanner  by  trade,  and 
followed  that  occupation  until  some  three  or  four  years  before  his 
death,  which  occurred  while  upon  a  trip  to  New  Orleans  in  1853.  The 
mother  died  shortly  after  the  birth  of  William  P. ,  who  was  the  only 
child,  and  was  taken  by  his  mother's  brother  and  cared  for  for  a  period 
of  about  three  years,  when  the  father  was  again  married,  to  Sarah 
Mountjoy,  who  bore  him  three  daughters:  Mary  A.,  wife  of  Dr.  J.  E. 
Whitecraf t,  of  Stanton  County,  Kas. ;  Eliza  J. ,  deceased  wife  of  the 
late  Alfred  Williams,  of  Boone  County,  Mo. ,  and  Sarah  A. ,  wife  of 
Samuel  Sherman,  of  McPherson  County,  Kas.  Upon  his  father's 
second  marriage  William  P.  was  taken  home,  where  he  remained  until 
the  death  of  his  step- mother,  which  occurred  about  1835,  when,  his 
father  again  breaking  up  housekeeping,  he  was  returned  to  the  home 
of  his  uncle,  where  he  remained,  occasionally  attending  school  in  the 
primitive  log  school-house  of  that  day,  until  in  his  twelfth  year.  He 
was  then  sent  by  his  father  to  Wabash  College,  Ind.,  with  the  in- 
tention of  giving  him  a  thorough  collegiate  education,  but  owing  to 
unsuccessful  business  speculations  was  compelled,  at  the  end  of  about 
two  years,  to  take  the  boy  home  again  to  learn  the  tanner's  trade. 
Soon  after  attaining  his  majority,  in  the  summer  of  1847,  he  enlisted 
for  the  Mexican  War,  for  a  term  of  three  years  or  during  the  war,  in 
a  company  of  volunteers  which  was  then  being  raised  in  his  native 
town.  This  company,  upon  the  organization  of  the  regiment,  became 
Company  E,  Third  Regiment  Kentucky  Volunteer  Infantry,  of  which 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  elected  orderly  sergeant.  After  a  hard 
campaign  of  nearly  one  year,  the  regiment  then  being  with  Gen. 
Scott's  army  at  the  City  of  Mexico,  peace  was  declared  between  the 
two  nations,  and  the  troops  retiu'ned  home,  arriving  there  about  the 
1st  of  August,  1848.  On  the  31st  of  the  same  month  he  was  mar- 
ried, and  a  short  time  thereafter  his  father  retiring  from  business 
William  P.  succeeded  him,  and  carried  on  the  same  until  the  fall  of 
1854,  at  which  time  he,  with  his  family,  immigrated  to  Iowa,  and 
located  upon  a  farm  in  Washington  County.  In  the  spring  of  1856  he 
came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  and  followed  the  business  of  farming 
and  school  teaching  in  Colfax  and  Hamilton  Townships  (then  Marion 
Township)  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in  1861.  At  this  period, 
after  the  flag  of  oui*  country  had  been  fired  upon  at  Fort  Sumter,  loy- 
alty and  disloyalty  were  the  all  absorbing  themes  of  the  people's  at- 


612  HARBISON   COUNTY. 

tention  and  conversation,  and  excitement  ran  riot  throughout  the  length 
and  breadth  of  our  land.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  boldly  and  zeal- 
ously espoused  the  cause  of  the  old  flag,  under  which  he  had  fought  in 
Mexico,  and  with  other  loyal  friends  of  the  Union  in  the  county,  united 
in  devoting  their  whole  time  and  energy  toward  unifj'ing  the  loyal  sen- 
timent and  bringing  it  into  active  operation.  In  furtherance  of  this 
object,  in  July,  1861,  he,  with  about  fifty  or  sixty  other  young  and 
middle  aged  men,  enlisted  in  a  company  at  Eagleville,  which  had  been 
partially  raised  at  Gainesville  by  John  A.  Fisher,  and  with  this  addi- 
tion was  now  full.  This  company  was  being  raised  for  a  regiment  of 
infantry  to  be  commanded  by  Col.  Jacob  T.  Tindall,  of  Trenton,  Mo. 
Upon  the  organization  of  the  company  William  P.  Robinson  was 
elected  captain,  and  upon  the  organization  of  the  regiment  this  com- 
pany became  Company  D,  Twenty-third  Eegiment  Missouri  Volun- 
teer Infantry.  He  then  removed  his  family  to  Sangamon  County,  111. 
He  remained  in  command  of  Company  D  until  wounded  at  the  battle 
of  Shiloh,  on  the  6th  of  April,  1862,  and  as  soon  as  his  wound 
permitted  him  to  return  to  the  regiment,  about  the  first  of  the  follow- 
ing June,  he  was  commissioned  colonel  of  this  regiment,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Col.  Tindall,  who  was  killed  in  that  bat- 
tle, and  as  such  did  faithful  and  gallant  service  until  mustered  out 
with  his  regiment  at  Atlanta,  Ga. ,  on  the  22d  day  of  September, 
1864.  In  the  spring  of  1867  Col.  Robinson  returned  with  his  family 
from  Illinois  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  taking  up  his  residence  in 
Bethany  conducted  the  Harrison  County  Press,  a  weekly  newspaper, 
for  about  six  months,  when  he  abandoned  the  newspaper  business,  and 
served  as  deputy  county  clerk  until  1872,  when  he  was  elected  probate 
judge.  After  filling  that  office  for  one  term  of  four  years  he  was 
re-elected  for  a  second  term,  but  resigned  in  1878,  and  became  a  candi- 
date for  county  clerk,  in  which  office  he  has  served  continuously  by  re- 
election in  1882  and  1886.  respectively.  In  politics  he  had  been  an 
old  line  Whig  from  the  time  he  was  old  enough  to  vote,  and  at  the 
election  in  1860  cast  his  vote  for  Bell  and  Everett,  since  which  time 
he  has  been  a  stanch  and  imswerving  Republican,  and  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  all  political  campaigns  in  the  county.  The  first  wife 
of  Col.  Robinson  was  Rachel  Sims,  a  native  of  Nicholas  County,  Ky. , 
who  died  June  5,  1865,  and  who  bore  him  eleven  children:  Clarrissa, 
deceased;  Fannie,  wife  of  John  L.  Grenawalt,  of  this  county;  Mary 
R. ,  wife  of  Charles  W.  Barber,  of  McPherson  County,  Kas. ;  Lucinda, 
wife  of  Frank  Simmons,  of  Springfield,  111. ;  George,  of  McPherson 
County,  Kas. ;  Thomas  and  Robert  (twins),  who  died  in  infancy;  Ann 


BIOGKAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  613 

E.,  wife  of  Jadge  J.  F.  Bryant,  of  Bethany;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  George 
R.  Williams,  of  McPherson  County,  Kas. ;  William  H.,  of  the  same 
place,  and  Charles,  who  died  in  infancy.  The  present  wife  was  Sarah 
E.  Kendall,  a  native  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  by  whom  the  Colonel  has 
had  five  children:  Edgar  P.  (deceased),  Jessie  (wife  of  William  O. 
Selby,  of  Bethany),  Kathleen,  Harry  P.  and  Louis  P.  Col.  Robin- 
son is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. ,  and  was  the  first  commander  of 
Lieut.  T.  D.  Neal  Post,  No.  124,  at  Bethany,  Mo.  He  is  also  a 
Knight  Templar,  and  was  one  of  the  charter  members  of  Bethany 
Commandery,  No.  42,  and  himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
Christian  Church,  and  earnest  workers  in  the  promotion  of  the 
cause  of  temperance  and  morality. 

Robert  D.  Rogers  was  born  in  Tazewell  County,  Va. ,  June  14, 
1830,  and  is  a  son  of  Gilbert  R.  and  Sene  (Doak)  Rogers,  natives 
of  Sussex  County,  Va . ,  and  Tazewell  County,  Va. ,  and  born  in  1804 
and  1806,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  cabinet-maker  by  trade, 
which  occiipation  he  followed  iintil  his  death  in  1864.  R.  D.  is  the 
eldest  of  a  family  of  four  sons  and  three  daughters,  all  of  whom 
grew  to  maturity,  except  one;  he  grew  to  manhood  in  his  native 
county,  learning  the  cabinet-maker's  trade  during  his  youth,  and  was 
maiTied  in  that  county  November  30,  1854,  to  Miss  Nancy,  daughter 
of  William  Six,  and  a  native  of  Wythe  County,  Va.  Before  becom- 
ing of  age  Mr.  Rogers  was  elected  captain  of  a  company  of  militia, 
and  when  twenty-one  was  elected  district  assessor  of  his  county, 
which  office  he  filled  two  years.  After  his  marriage  his  principal 
occupation  was  that  of  farming  until  the  spring  of  1859,  when  he 
removed  to  Bethany,  Harrison  Co.,  Mo.  From  1861  until  1865 
he  worked  at  his  trade  in  Mitchellville,  and  then  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business  at  that  place  two  and  a  half  years.  From  that 
time  he  worked  at  carpentering  until  1871  when  he  moved  upon  some 
raw  land  he  had  purchased,  where  he  now  resides.  Up  to  the 
present  year  he  has  been  engaged  in  carpentering  while  his  son  man- 
aged the  farm.  He  has  held  various  local  offices,  the  position  of  town- 
ship trustee  having  been  filled  by  him  six  years,  and  has  been  the 
assessor  of  bis  township  since  1881.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and 
was  appointed  by  the  Governor  in  1877  county  assessor,  in  which 
office  he  held  a  full  term  of  two  years.  He  has  received  several 
nominations  for  county  offices  by  his  party,  and  although  he  has 
always  run  ahead  of  his  ticket  has  been  defeated  on  account  of  the 
Republican  majority  in  the  county.  In  1882  Mr.  Rogers  received  a 
majority  of  ninety  votes  for  circuit  clerk  in  his  township  when  the  Repub- 


614  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

lican  majority  was  ten  votes.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eogers  the  follow- 
ing children  have  been  born:  William  D.,  Mary  J.,  wife  of  James  P. 
Garton),  Missouri  A.  (wife  of  J.  J.  Wilson),  Cora  A.  (wife  of  Stephen 
C.  Duncan),  Lydia  E.,  Sene  E.,  Robert  T.  and  Edgar  W.  Three 
children  were  lost  in  infancy.  Mr.  Eogers  joined  the  Bethany  I.  O. 
O.  F.  lodge  in  1864  and  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  in  1887.  He  is  not  a 
member  of  any  church,  but  Mrs.  Eogers  belongs  to  the  Methodist 
Episcopal   Church  South. 

T.  G.  Eogers  was  born  in  Clay  County,  Ky.,  in  1841,  and  is  a  son 
of  George  H.  and  Nancy  (Robinson)  Eogers,  natives  of  North  Carolina. 
The  father  immigrated  to  Clay  County,  Ky.,  after  his  marriage,  and 
there  engaged  in  farming.  While  there  he  served  as  sheriff,  and  filled 
other  offices,  and  in  that  county  his  twelve  children  were  born,  nine 
of  whom  are  living.  In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  in  creed  his 
wife  was  a  Baptist.  They  moved  to  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  in  1847, 
where  both  the  father  and  mother  died.  T.  G.  Rogers  was  six  years 
old  when  his  parents  came  to  Missouri  and  passed  his  youth  upon  a 
farm  in  Daviess  County.  He  began  life  for  himself  by  clerking  for 
his  brother-in-law,  M.  Moss,  with  whom  he  afterward  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business  several  years.  In  1864  they  sold  out  and  went  to 
Gallatin,  Mo., but  in  1866  traded  their  store  for  a  flour  and  gristmill  near 
Gallatin  which  they  sold  in  1870,  then  going  to  Trenton,  Grundy 
County.  There  they  engaged  in  the  mercantile  line,  and  in  1879  Mr. 
Rogers  sold  his  interest  to  Mr.  Moss,  and  went  into  business  at  Caines- 
ville'with  John  Hall,  who  was  succeeded  by  his  nephew,  G.  R.  Wilson. 
Messrs.  Rogers  &  Wilson  are  among  the  leading  merchants  in  Gaines- 
ville at  present,  and  carry  a  choice  stock  of  general  merchandise. 
They  do  a  large  business  and  are  well  patronized  by  Mercer  and 
Harrison  Counties.  In  1861  Mr.  Eogers  maiTied  Miss  Elenor,  daugh- 
ter of  Isaiah  Chambers,  a  pioneer  of  Mercer  County.  Mi',  and  Mrs. 
Rogers  have  one  child,  Herbert  T. ,  who  is  a  groceryman  in  Gainesville, 
and  married  a  daughter  of  Hon.  Joseph  H.  Burrows .  Mr.  Eogers 
assisted  in  establishing  the  Bank  of  Cainesville  in  1883,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  vice-president  of  the  same.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  A.  F.  and  A.   M. ,  and  also  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

J.  M.  Rogers  was  born  in  Gallatin,  Daviess  Co.,  Mo.,  January  26, 
1846.  His  father,  Jacob  S.  Eogers,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  and  came 
to  Missouri  directly  from  his  native  State  when  a  young  man.  He 
entered  land  near  Gallatin,  where  he  farmed  about  five  years,  and 
then  entered  more  land  near  the  present  site  of  the  town,  upon  which 
he  farmed  more  than   twenty  years,  becoming  one  of  the  prominent 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  615 

and  substantial  farmers  of  the  place.  He  owned  about  560  acres  of 
good  land,  and  was  interested  in  stock  raising,  keeping  on  an  average 
over  100  head.  He  was  united  in  marriage  in  Daviess  County  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  T.  Scott,  daughter  of  Charles  Scott  [see  sketch],  by  whom 
he  had  seven  children,  three  now  living:  Martha  Hagan,  C.  M.  and 
J.  M.  Rogers,  all  of  whom  are  married.  The  father  died  upon  his 
farm  in  Daviess  County,  and  was  buried  at  Gallatin.  The  mother  is 
a  resident  of  Gainesville.  J.  M.  Rogers  received  but  a  limited  educa- 
tion during  his  early  life,  which  was  passed  upon  his  father's  farm. 
At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  began  life  for  himself,  hiring  out  as  a  farm 
hand,  and  when  seventeen  enlisted  in  the  Forty-eight  Iowa  Volunteer 
Infantiy,  under  Capt.  Summers,  in  which  he  served  about  six  months. 
He  then  enlisted  in  the  Fifty-first  Missouri  Infantry,  under  Capt. 
Halleck,  and,  after  being  mustered  out  at  the  close  of  the  war, 
returned  to  Daviess  County.  He  worked  there  for  a  short  time,  and 
then  went  to  Montana,  spending  about  thirteen  years  west.  At  the 
expiration  of  that  time,  having  accumulated  some  means,  he  returned 
to  Missouri,  locating  in  Harrison  County,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
On  the  23d  of  March,  1880,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Laura  Goddell,  which  union  has  been  blessed  with  three  children,  all 
living:  Leroy,  Inas  N.  and  an  infant  unnamed.  Since  his  return 
from  the  west  IVIr.  Rogers  has  been  engaged  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness with  J.  M.  Moss,  at  Cainesville,  the  firm  being  known  as  Moss  & 
Rogers.  Mr.  Rogers  is  a  well-to-do  business  man,  owning  an  interest 
in  the  firm's  store  house,  town  property  in  Cainesville  and  real  estate 
in  Scotland  and  Daviess  Counties.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. ,  and  his  wife  belongs  to  the  Baptist 
Church. 

John  M.  Sallee,  attorney  at  law  of  Bethany,  Mo.,  was  born  in 
Mercer  County,  Mo.,  October  22,  1849,  and  is  a  son  of  Joseph  M.  and 
Matilda  Ann  (Dunkerson)  Sallee  [see  sketch].  He  was  reared  to  man- 
hood in  his  native  county,  and,  after  receiving  a  good  literary  educa- 
tion prepared  himself  for  teaching,  which  he  did  four  years  in  early 
life.  He  began  the  study  of  law  about  1876,  in  Iowa,  and  for  several 
years  alternately  read  law  and  worked  at  various  occupations,  in  order 
to  secure  a  livelihood.  In  1883  he  came  to  Bethany,  Mo.,  where  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  which  he  has  since  made  the  field  of 
his  professional  labors,  meeting  with  good  success  and  controlling  a 
lucrative  practice.  He  is  an  unswerving  Democrat,  and,  although  he 
has  never  held  an  office  by  election,  served  a  short  while  by  appoint- 
ment as  prosecuting  attorney  for  Harrison  County,  in  1886,  filling  the 


616  HAEKISON   COUNTY. 

unexpired  term  of  the  late  Oscar  Butler.  Xovember  20,  1870,  he 
married  Sarah  C.  Elmore,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  G.  C.  Elmore,  of 
Mercer  County,  which  union  has  been  blessed  with  two  children:  He, 
a  daughter  aged  fourteen,  and  Clyde,  aged  one.  5Ir.  Sallee  is  a 
Master  Mason,  and  has  passed  all  the  chairs  in  the  local  Blue  Lodge. 

John  D.  Savage  was  born  in  Carter  County,  Ky.,  November  17, 
1842.  His  father,  Nicholas  Savage,  was  born  in  West  Virginia,  and 
reared  in  Kentucky,  in  Greenup  and  Carter  Counties,  of  which  his 
parents  were  early  settlers.  In  the  first  named  county  he  married 
Mary  McCrosky,  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  about  1875  sold  his  farm 
and  moved  to  Missouri,  where  he  died  in  1883.  His  wife  is  still  liv- 
ing at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-one.  Of  a  family  of  six  sons  and 
two  daughters  who  grew  to  maturity,  six  are  now  living;  two  brothers 
and  one  sister  who  reside  in  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  and  our  subject, 
are  the  only  residents  of  this  State.  John  D.  grew  to  manhood  upon 
his  father's  farm  in  Greenup  County,  where  he  was  married  in  March, 
1867,  to  Helen  H.  Swearingen.  Mrs.  Savage  was  born  in  Greenup 
County,  and  is  a  daughter  of  Clement  Swearingen  of  the  same  place. 
After  his  marriage  IMr.  Savage  farmed  one  year  upon  the  home  place 
in  Kentucky,  and  in  the  fall  of  1868  came  to  Missouri,  where  he 
bought  land  upon  which  he  still  resides.  He  now  owns  330  acres  of 
rich  bottom  land,  well  fenced,  and  thirty  acres  timbered.  He  has  a 
good  house  and  substantial  outbuildings,  and  has  made  all  the 
improvements  upon  the  place  himself.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Savage  are  the 
parents  of  the  following  children:  Jennellie  (wife  of  Charles  Stitts,  of 
Daviess  County),  Mary  N.,  Fred.,  Nicholas,  Henrietta,  Garlie  D.  and 
Charlie.  Mr.  Savage  is  always  interested  in  educational  matters,  and 
has  been  a  member  of  the  school  board  a  number  of  years.  He  is  a 
Master  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the  McFall  lodge.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Democrat.  Both  himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 

C.  M.  Scott  was  born  in  Davidson  County,  Tenn. ,  in  March,  1822, 
and  is  a  son  of  Charles  and  Ann  (Miller)  Scott,  natives  of  Washington 
County,  Va. ,  and  Tennessee,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  mechanic 
by  trade,  and  was  married  in  Davidson  County,  Tenn.  (William  Miller 
being  his  wife's  father),  where  for  many  years  he  served  in  official 
positions.  His  family  of  two  daughters  and  one  son  were  bom  there. 
In  1822  he  immigrated  to  Missouri,  where  he  established  a  ferry  at 
the  mouth  of  Grand  River,  Brunswick,  Mo.  Soon  after  he  engaged 
in  blacksmithing  at  Bluffton,  then  the  county  seat  of  Ray  County. 
Shortly  after  himself  and  wife  became  victims  of  a  fever,  and  died 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  617 

at  the  residence  of  the  latter' s  parents,  near  Richmond.  Charles 
Mitchell  Scott  was  left  an  orphan  at  the  age  of  two  years,  and  until 
twelve  made  his  home  with  his  maternal  grandfather.  He  was  then 
apprenticed  to  learn  the  tailor's  trade,  which  he  left  to  join  the  Indian 
War  vinder  Gen.  Taylor,  Col.  Morgan  and  Capt.  Sconks.  He  partici- 
pated in  the  fights  at  Lake  Okachobee,  Pea's  Creek,  St.  Johns  and  a 
number  of  skirmishes.  After  one  year's  service  he  returned  to  Rich- 
mond, fi'om  there  went  to  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  then  came  to 
Harrison  County,  and  took  up  a  claim  near  West  Bethany,  where  he 
built  the  first  house  in  the  county,  upon  the  present  site  of  Dr. 
Skinner's  residence,  in  1838.  He  afterward  bought  a  farm  in  Liv- 
ingston County,  which  he  sold,  and  went  to  Grundy  County,  where 
he  lived  two  years,  and  married  Miss  Lou  Sarah  Scott.  In  1843  he 
retui'ned  to  his  property  in  Harrison  County,  and  assisted  in  the 
organization  of  the  county  in  1845.  There  he  was  the  first  coroner, 
and  served  as  deputy  sheriff,  postmaster,  treasurer,  and  in  1850  was 
appointed  assistant  marshal,  to  take  the  census  of  the  county.  In 
1852  he  lost  his  wife,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  children — one  now 
living — Lou  Emma  Clark,  a  resident  of  Cainesville.  He  then  built 
a  mill  at  Gallatin,  Daviess  County,  which  he  sold  later,  and  then 
clerked  five  years  at  that  place.  He  next  went  into  the  livery  busi- 
ness at  Bethany,  remaining  there  until  1S61,  when  he  went  to  Gentry 
County.  In  1864  he  went  to  Colorado,  and  in  1865  to  St.  Joseph, 
Mo. ,  where  he  clerked  for  Tootle,  Hosea  &  Co.  two  years.  He  next 
engaged  in  the  grocery  business  there,  and,  after  selling  the  same, 
went  to  Gentry  County,  a  year  later  coming  to  Harrison  County.  He 
has  made  several  trips  west  since  that  time,  but  in  1881  permanently 
returned  to  Harrison  County,  and  located  in  Cainesville,  where  he 
now  owns  the  postofiice,  and  ofiiciates  as  postmaster.  In  1860  he  was 
married  a  second  time,  to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Trimble,  a  native  of  Callaway 
County,  Mo. ,  by  whom  he  had  five  sons,  only  one  now  living — Edwin 
T.  Scott.  Mr.  Scott  is  a  member  of  the  Blue  Lodge  and  Chapter  in 
Masonry. 

William  M.  Selby  was  born  January  18,  1820  in  Nicholas  County, 
Ky.,  and  is  the  second  of  nine  childi-en  born  to  Joshua  and  Mary 
(Riggens)  Selby,  natives  of  Maryland,  who  immigrated  to  Kentucky-  at 
an  early  day  with  their  parents.  The  father  was  of  English  descent, 
and  a  son  of  William  Selby,  who  married  Miss  Townsend.  The 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  Jesse  Riggens,  a  native  of  Maryland.  Our 
subject  accompanied  his  parents  to  Rush  County,  Ind. ,  when  six  years 
old,  and  was  there  reared  and  grew  to  manhood.      At  the  age  of  nine- 

3B 


618  HARBISON   COUNTY. 

teen  he  went  to  Franklin  County,  Ind. ,  where  he  was  married  in 
March,  1840,  to  Miss  Maiiha  A.  Flint,  by  whom  he  had  seven  chil- 
di-en:  George  W.,  Joshna  J.,  Thomas  J.,  JohnF.,  James  P.,  Jesse 
B.  and  Rachel.  Mrs.  Selby  died  in  the  fall  of  1865,  and  in  June, 
1866,  Mr.  Selby  was  united  in  maiTiage  with  Mrs.  Temperance  J. 
Allen,  nee  Flint,  and  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Rachel  (Foster) 
Flint,  natives  of  Maryland  and  Kentucky,  respectively.  Mr.  Selby 
is  a  self-made  man,  and  owns  a  nicely  improved  farm  of  200  acres 
upon  which  he  resides.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  cast  his 
first  presidential  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln.  He  was  elected  justice 
of  the  peace  in  1864,  but  shortly  afterward  resigned  the  position. 
Diu-ing  the  Rebellion  he  served  as  a  commissary  sergeant  in  the  Mis- 
souri State  Militia.  Both  himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church.  He  has  never  been  connected  with  any  secret  organiza- 
tion. 

J.  J.  Selby,  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Sherman 
Township,  was  born  in  1842  upon  thfe  farm  where  he  has  since  resided, 
and  is  the  second  child  born  to  William  and  Martha  (Flint)  Selby  [see 
sketch].  When  he  had  reached  his  majority  he  began  life  for  himself 
as  an  independent  farmer  with  40  acres  of  land  which  was  unimproved, 
but  by  industry  and  good  management  is  now  the  owner  of  272  acres 
which  are  well  improved  and  in  every  way  equipped  for  farming. 
About  1862  he  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  F.  Fail,  daughter  of  Isaac 
and  Electa  (Rathbone)  Fail,  and  of  German  descent.  To  this  union 
five  children  have  been  born:  William  Heron  (deceased),  Rosa  May, 
Columbus  Owen,  John  Percy,  George  Clifford.  Mr.  Selby  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics,  and  during  the  war  served  in  the  Missouri  State 
Militia.  Himself  and  wife  are  worthy  members  of  the  Christian 
Church,  and  rank  among  the  respected  citizens  of  the  township. 

Judge  John  F.  Selby  was  born  in  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  1845, 
and  is  a  son  of  William  M.  and  Martha  (Flint)  Selby  [see  sketch  of 
William  Selby].  John  F.  is  the  third  child  living,  and  was  educated 
in  the  district  schools  of  his  neighborhood,  making  his  home  with  his 
parents  until  eighteen  years  of  age.  His  sympathies  were  with  the 
Union  during  the  war,  and  in  October,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company 
F,  Forty-third  Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry,  for  one  year,  or  during 
the  war.  He  was  stationed  in  Southern  Missouri,  and  served  until 
discharged  at  Jefferson  BaiTacks  in  July,  1865.  August  31  of  that 
year  he  married  Miss  Sarah  E.  Wills,  daughter  of  George  Wills,  and 
who  was  born  in  Macon  County,  Mo.,  May  27,  1848,  which  union  was 
blessed   with   one   child,  William  O.     Subsequent   to   his   marriage, 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  619 

Mr.  Selby  bought  120  acres  of  land,  where  he  has  since  resided.  Judge 
Selby  lost  his  first  wife  February  28,  ISSO,  and  May  4,  1882,  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mary  F.  Sutton,  daughter  of  Simeon 
Sutton.  Mrs.  Selby  was  born  September  24,  1858,  near  Peoria,  111., 
and  came  to  Harrison  County  when  small.  She  is  the  mother  of  the 
following  children:  Edmond  Rosco  and  Joshua  Frederick.  Judge 
Selby  is  an  influential  and  well-to-do  citizen  of  Harrison  County,  and 
owns  200  acres  of  good  land.  In  politics  he  is  a  Eepublican,  and  his 
first  presidential  vote  was  cast  for  Lincoln  in  1864.  In  November, 
1886,  he  was  elected  jiidge  of  the  county  court  for  the  Second  Dis- 
trict for  two  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E. ,  T.  D.  Neal 
Post,  No.  124,  at  Bethany,  and  himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Chris- 
tian Church. 

Francis  Shackleton  is  a  sou  of  John  and  Mary  (Smith)  Shackleton, 
natives  of  Yorkshire,  England,  where  they  were  reared  and  married. 
About  1845  they  came  to  the  United  States,  and  located  in  Illinois.  In 
1848  the  father  went  to  California  to  engage  in  mining,  and  the  mother 
not  having  heard  from  him  for  a  long  time  concluded  that  he  had  died, 
and  consequently  returned  to  England  with  her  family.  Coming 
home  and  finding  the  place  deserted,  the  father  sought  his  family  in 
the  old  country,  and  returning  with  his  wife  and  children,  settled  in 
Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  1856.  His  death  occurred  in  1868,  but 
his  widow  still  survives.  In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  to  him- 
self and  wife  seven  childi'en  were  born,  of  whom  three  are  living. 
Fr  ancis  Shackleton  was  reared  upon  a  farm  in  Illinois,  where  he  was 
born  in  1848,  and  during  his  youth  received  a  common-school  educa- 
tion. At  the  age  of  thirty  he  began  life  as  a  farm  laborer,  and  in  1873 
went  to  California,  where  he  worked  about  two  years.  Having  re- 
turned home  he  was  married  in  1876  to  Catherine  Simpson,  by  whom 
two  children  were  born:  Preston  and  Catherine.  Mrs.  Shackleton 
died  in  1879,  and  in  1882  our  subject  married  Sarah  M.  Howard,  who 
was  born  in  Henry  County,  111. ,  in  1864.  This  union  has  been  blessed 
with  but  one  child,  Josiah  A.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shackleton  are  both  mem- 
bers of  the  Christian  Church,  and  in  politics  the  former  is  a  Demo- 
crat. Mr.  Shackleton  is  a  well-to-do  farmer,  owning  240  acres  of 
land,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  the  result  of  his  own  labor  and 
economy. 

William  Sharrock,  one  of  Harrison  County's  old  and  prominent 
citizens,  was  born  in  New  York  City  in  1821,  and  istbesonof  Timothy 
and  Ellen  (Conky)  Sharrock.  Timothy  Sharrock  married  in  New 
York  City,  and  shortly  after  the  birth  of  William   moved  to  Ohio, 


620  HAKKISON   COUNTY. 

where  he  engaged  in  farming,  and  remained  until  his  death  in  1875. 
The  mother  died  when  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  thirteen  years 
old,  at  which  time  he  left  home,  and  was  employed  by  neighbors  to  do 
farm  work;  he  also  worked  on  a  canal  as  driver,  continuing  this  work 
until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  when  he  married  Polly  Ann  Johnson, 
who  was  born  about  the  same  year  as  her  husband,  in  the  State  of 
Ohio.  Shortly  after  this  marriage  he  emigrated  West  in  search  of  a 
home,  stopping  near  Burlington,  Iowa,  one  year,  when  he  came  to 
Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  has  since  lived  there.  His  wife  died  one 
year  after  their  an-ival  in  Missouri.  By  this  marriage  there  were  two 
children,  both  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  In  1855  he  married  Mary 
Ann  Oxford,  who  was  born  in  Grundy  County,  Mo.,  about  1839. 
This  union  has  been  blessed  with  six  children,  three  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing, and  three  deceased.  In  March,  1862,  Mr.  Sharrock  left  home, 
and  enlisted  in  Company  G,  of  the  Sixth  Missouri  Cavalry,  and  served 
for  three  years  with  credit,  participating  in  many  battles  and  skir- 
mishes, being  honorably  discharged  at  the  end  of  that  time.  He  also 
served  six  months  in  the  State  Militia  before  going  into  the  United 
States  service.  He  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Church 
North,  and  have  been  for  many  years.  Although  his  opportunities 
for  a  good  education  were  limited,  he  has  by  close  observation  and 
general  reading  gi-eatly  improved  same,  and  is  now  a  well-informed 
man,  and  enjoys  the  esteem  of  a  great  many  friends.  Although  never 
aspiring  to  office,  he  has  always  been  a  hearty  supporter  of  the  Re- 
publican party. 

Lorenzo  Shaw,  a  well-to-do  farmer,  is  of  English  descent.  His 
parents  were  natives  of  Saratoga  County,  N.  Y.,  who  moved  to 
Orleans  County,  and  from  there  to  "Waushara  County,  Wis.,  where 
the  mother  died  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  the  father  at  the  age  of 
seventy- eight.  He  was  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  in  creed  his  wife 
was  a  follower  of  the  Baptist  faith.  Stephen  and  Miami  (Horton) 
Shaw  were  the  parents  of  ten  children,  all  but  one  of  whom  were 
reared  to  maturity,  and  eight  are  now  living.  Lorenzo  Shaw  is  the 
eldest  child,  and  was  born  in  Saratoga  County,  N.  Y. ,  November  25. 
1818,  where  he  was  reared.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  married 
Miss  Cornelia  Lewis,  who  is  of  English  and  German  descent,  and  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Phoebe  Lewis.  After  his  marriage  he  moved 
to  Orleans  County,  N.  Y. ,  and  twelve  years  later  went  to  Wisconsin, 
where  he  engaged  in  farming  with  his  father  for  thirteen  years. 
From  there  he  went  to  Kansas  in  1859,  and  then  to  Adams  County, 
Iowa,  in  1860;  next  farmed   three  years  in  Appanoose  County,  Iowa, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  621 

and  then  permanently  located  in  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  1864.  He 
is  an  enterprising  and  well-to-do  farmer,  and  owns  155  acres  of  good 
land,  which  is  all  the  result  of  his  labor  and  industry.  To  himself 
and  wife  six  children  have  been  born,  all  of  whom  are  married: 
Martha  A.,  Mary  A.,  Charles  E.,  George  W.,  Albert  A.  and  Ernest 
E.  One  child  lives  in  Wichita,  Kas. ,  and  one  in  Gallatin,  Mo. ,  the 
remainder  being  residents  of  Harrison  County.  Mrs.  Shaw  is  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  Mr.  Shaw  is  a  Eepublican  in 
politics. 

G.  "W.  Shaw  is  a  son  of  Lorenzo  and  Cornelia  (Lewis)  Shaw, 
natives  of  New  York,  who  emigrated  to  Wisconsin  and  made  their 
home  in  that  State  a  number  of  years.  Mr.  Shaw  from  there  went 
to  Douglas  County,  Kas. ,  where  he  remained  but  a  short  time  on 
account  of  the  great  drought.  He  consequently  went  with  his  stock 
to  Appanoose  County, Iowa,  and  tbree  years  later,  in  the  fall  of  1864, 
came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  now  makes  his  home.  He 
is  now  seventy  years  of  age  and  ranks  among  the  county's  enterpris- 
ing and  substantial  farmers.  G.  W.  was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
May  25,  1849.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  began  to  work  at  the 
harness  trade,  but  when  sixteen  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Fifty-first 
Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry,  under  Capt.  G.  W.  Herrick.  He  par- 
ticipated in  no  regular  engagements,  and  after  the  cessation  of  hos- 
tilities spent  two  years  working  upon  a  farm,  and  clerking  for  Mr. 
Burrows,  in  Cainesville.  He  then  spent  about  five  years  in  Montana 
mining,  prospecting  and  fighting  Indians.  In  1872  he  returned 
to  Missouri  where  he  married  Miss  Ruth  Pitzel,  a  native  of  Ohio,  and 
daughter  of  Dr.  Pitzel,  a  leading  physician  of  Harrison  CoiMity. 
After  his  marriage  Mr .  Shaw  farmed  two  years  in  Madison  Township 
and  then  became  a  partner  of  the  Hon.  Joseph  H.  Burrows  in  the 
mercantile  business,  in  which  line  of  trade  he  has  since  engaged  with 
success.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shaw  have  had  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are 
living:  Ola,  Orin,  Frederick,  Burnice  M.  and  Bessie.  Mr.  Shaw  is  a 
Republican  in  politics  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  Mi-s.  Shaw  is 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  Chui-ch. 

John  Shepherd  was  born  in  Butler  County,  Ohio,  September  26, 
1824,  and  is  a  son  of  Andrew  and  Sarah  (McMahan)  Shepherd.  The 
father  emigrated  from  Ireland  with  his  mother  to  America,  and  settled 
in  Butler  County,  Ohio,  where  he  afterward  married.  He  was  a 
weaver  by  trade,  but  passed  the  greater  part  of  his  life  engaged  in  farm- 
ing. He  spent  some  time  in  Clinton  County,  and  Tippecanoe,  Car- 
roll Co. ,    Ind. ,  and    then   went  to  Brewer  Countv,   Iowa,    where   he 


622  HAEKISON   COUNTY. 

lived  three  years  or  until  his  death.  The  mother  died  while  in  Tip- 
pecanoe, Ind. ;  she  was  a  faithful  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 
In  politics  Mr.  Shepherd  was  once  a  Democrat  but  afterward  became 
a  Republican;  after  the  death  of  his  wife  he  joined  the  Christian 
Church.  He  was  twice  married.  To  his  first  marriage  six  children 
were  born,  of  whom  three  are  living.  His  second  wife,  who  was  a  widow 
named  Mrs.  Garress,  and  whose  maiden  name  was  Dawson,  bore  him 
four  children,  two  of  whom  are  living.  John  Shepherd  was  reared 
in  Indiana,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-four  began  life  for  himself.  He 
first  wedded  Miss  Han-iet  Morrison,  a  native  of  Carroll  County,  Ind., 
who  bore  him  one  child,  Thomas  J. ,  and  died  five  years  later.  He 
was  then  married  in  Carroll  County  to  Sarah  Ann  McAiiley  a  native 
of  Ohio,  and  after  living  in  Iowa  three  years  spent  three  and  a  half 
years  in  Putnam  Co\inty,  Mo.  They  then  came  to  Harrison  County, 
and  located  upon  Mr.  Shepherd's  present  place,  which  contains  200 
acres  of  well  stocked  land.  In  politics  Mr.  Shepherd  is  a  Eepublican, 
and  during  the  war  did  efficient  service  in  the  Missouri  State  Militia 
Home  Guards.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shepherd  have  been  married  over 
thirty-three  years  and  have  a  fine  family  of  nine  living  children: 
Louisa,  Nancy  J.,  Parker,  Annis,  Harriet,  John  W.,  Caroline,  Andi-ew 
and  Daniel  (twins). 

Arthui'  D.  Shipley,  circuit  clerk  and  ex  officio  recorder  of  Harrison 
County,  Mo.,  was  born  in  Tazewell  County,  111.,  December  19,  1853, 
and  is  a  son  of  George  C.  and  Mary  H.  (Thompson)  Shipley,  natives 
of  Kentucky  and  Illinois,  respectively.  The  father  emigrated  from 
Kentucky  to  Illinois  in  1835,  and  came  to  Missoiiri.  In  1855  he 
located  in  Harrison  County,  and  is  now  one  of  the  old  and  respected 
citizens  of  Trail  Creek  Township.  The  mother  died  in  1876,  leaving 
five  sons  and  three  daughters:  Arthiu-  D.,  Rachel  E.  (wife  of  Francis 
M.  Dyer),  Charlotte  Ann  (wife  of  Elisha  W.  Wright),  Benjamin  F., 
Marquis  D.,  William  N.,  Sarah  J.  (wife  of  Charles  J.  Carter),  and 
Allen  E.  To  the  father's  second  marriage,  to  Lucinda  (Ellington) 
Dyer,  one  son,  Rosce  C,  has  been  born.  Arthui-  D.  was  reared  upon 
a  farm,  and  after  receiving  a  good  English  education  prepared  him- 
self for  a  teacher,  which  occupation  he  followed  almost  continuously 
until  1882.  He  was  then  elected  to  his  present  office,  and,  after  serv- 
ing four  years  in  a  highly  satisfactory  manner,  was  re-elected  in  1886, 
and  is  now  discharging  the  duties  of  that  office.  He  has  always  been 
a  stanch  Republican.  April  20,  1876,  he  mamed  Rosetta  Wright,  a 
native  of  this  coimty,  and  daughter  of  John  S.  Wright.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.    Shipley  two  children  have  been  born:  Mary  Edith,  March  6, 


BIOGKAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  623 

1877,   and  Sylvanus  Carl,  December  12,  1878.     Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shipley 
are  members  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  are  well  respected  citizens. 

Tobias  B.  Sherer,  of  Bethany,  Mo.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  February  12, 1834,  and  is  a  son  of  Dr.  Jacob  M.  and  Mary  Ann 
(Beehler)  Sherer,  natives,  resjaectively,  of  Lancaster  and  Philadelphia, 
Penn.  The  father  was  a  graduate  of  the  old  JefPerson  Medical  College, 
and  practiced  his  profession  successfully  until  his  death  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, which  occurred  early  in  the  decade  of  the  fifties.  The  mother 
died  in  HaiTison  County,  Mo. ,  about  the  close  of  the  war  while  here 
upon  a  visit.  Tobias  is  one  of  a  family  of  seven  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters, himself,  Jacob  W.  and  Benjamin  M.  being  the  only  survivors. 
After  graduating  from  the  public  school  in  his  native  city  he  served 
three  years'  apprenticeship  with  a  pharmacist  in  that  city,  and  in  1856 
went  to  Iowa.  The  following  year  he  came  to  Bethany,  where,  after 
teaching  school  a  year,  he  opened  a  drug  store,  which  was  the  first 
established  in  this  section  of  the  country.  In  1863  he  enlisted  as  a 
private,  but  was  afterward  made  a  non-commissioned  officer  of  Com- 
pany E,  Forty-third  Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry.  Soon  after  the 
war  he  re-engaged  in  the  drug  business  here,  and  has  since  conducted 
the  same  with  well  deserved  success.  He  carries  a  large  and  well 
selected  stock,  and  makes  a  specialty  of  compounding  prescriptions. 
For  the  past  three  years  his  son,  Charles  A. ,  has  been  a  partner  in  the 
business.  Mr.  Sherer  was  united  in  marriage  with  Serena  J.  Allen, 
daughter  of  "William  K.  Allen,  one  of  the  old  and  worthy  pioneers  of 
this  county,  now  deceased.  This  union  was  blessed  with  five  children: 
Charles  A.,  William  I.  (deceased),  Herbert  S.  (deceased),  Frank  W. 
and  Annie  (deceased).  Mrs.  Sherer  died  in  1881,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Christian  Church,  to  which  Mr.  Sherer  also  belongs.  He  is 
a  Republican,  and  has  served  as  county  school  commissioner  two 
years,  besides  filling  various  other  local  offices  of  honor  and  trust.  He 
is  a  Knight  Templar,  being  Past  Eminent  Commander  of  the  local 
Commandery,  and  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  K. 

"William  C.  Shumard,  one  of  the  respected  citizens  of  Harrison 
County,  was  born  in  Monroe  County,  Ohio,  in  1842,  and  is  a  son  of 
T.  P.  and  Susan  (Stewart)  Shumard,  who  came  to  Missouri  in  1855,  and 
lived  in  this  State  until  their  deaths.  The  father  was  a  tailor  by  trade, 
but  spent  the  latter  part  of  his  life  engaged  in  farming.  August  3, 
1861,  William  C.  Shumard  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Twenty-third 
Missouri  Infantry,  United  States  Army,  in  which  he  remained  three 
years  and  two  and  a  half  months,  during  which  time  he  participated 
in   some  of   the   principal   battles.     He  is  a  prominent  man  in  his 


624  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

township  and  has  filled  the  offices  of  township  collector  and  justice  of 
the  peace  for  several  years.  September  14,  1865,  he  married  Sarah 
E.  (Hendren)  Morris,  widow  of  John  W.  Moitis,  who  died  while  in 
the  service  of  his  country.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shumard  five  children 
have  been  born:  Mary  E.  (wife  of  James  T.  Kemp),  and  Charles  H. 
C.  Shumard,  James  W.  F.  Shumard,  Oliver  G.  Shumard  and  Bertha 
I.  Shumard.  The  youngest  is  now  seven  years  old.  Both  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Shumard  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  the 
foi-mer  belongs  to  the  Masonic  fi-aternity.  He  is  a  well-to-do  farmer  and 
located  upon  his  present  place  in  1867.  This  farm  contains  240  acres 
of  good  land,  and  in  connection  with  agricultural  pursuits  Mr.  Shu- 
mard is  interested  in  stock  raising.  In  politics  he  is  a  Eepublican; 
he  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 

Dr.  H.  J.  Skinner  is  the  oldest  practicing  physician  of  Harrison 
County,  and  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Bethany,  the  county  seat. 
He  was  born  in  Perry  County,  Ohio,  March  10,  1831,  and  is  the  seventh 
of  nine  childi'en  born  to  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  (Hazelton)  Skinner, 
natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The  father  was  born  in  Somerset  County, 
December  10,  1790,  and  was  a  son  of  Nathaniel  Skinner,  also  a  native 
of  that  county,  and  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  who  removed  to 
Belmont  County,  Ohio,  late  in  life,  where  he  died.  The  mother  was 
born  in  "Westmoreland  County,  in  1796,  and  was  a  daughter  of  John 
and  Barbara  Hazelton,  also  natives  of  that  county.  John  Hazelton 
was  a  farmer,  and  late  in  life,  removed  to  Licking  County,  Ohio, 
where  himself  and  wife  both  died.  Samuel  Skinner,  the  father  of  our 
subject,  moved  to  Perry  County,  Ohio,  about  1818,  and  engaged  in 
farming  and  working  at  the  blacksmith's  trade.  He  was  highly  re- 
spected and  esteemed  in  the  community  where  he  lived,  and  for  twenty 
years  filled  the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace.  His  death  occurred 
Januaiy  14,  1863,  and  his  wife  died  in  Clinton  County,  111.,  in  1868. 
She  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  H.  J.  Skinner  was  reared 
upon  a  farm,  and  during  his  youth  attained  a  fair  education  by 
first  attending  the  district  schools  and  afterward  the  Somerset 
Academy,  in  Ohio.  He  was  a  schoolmate  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Philip 
Sheridan;  the  two  boys  leaving  school  the  same  day,  one  to  enter 
college  and  the  other  to  take  up  the  study  of  medicine.  H.  J.  Skin- 
ner began  the  study  of  his  chosen  profession  at  the  age  of  seventeen, 
at  New  Lexington,  under  Dr.  A.  Lewis,  with  whom  he  spent  three 
years,  after  which  he  spent  two  years  under  Dr.  Van  Nalta,  at  the 
same  place.  His  parents  having  in  the  meantime  removed  to  White 
County,  Ind.,  he  joined  them  and  began  to  practice  medicine  in  that 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  625 

neighborhood.  From  1855  to  November  17,  1857,  he  lived  in  various 
places  and  then  located  at  Eagleville,  Harrison  Co.,  Mo.,  where  he 
practiced  until  November  17,  1870,  when  he  was  elected  clerk  of  the 
circuit  court  and  register  of  deeds  of  Harrison  County,  by  the  Repub- 
licans, and  removed  to  Bethany.  In  1874  he  was  re-elected  without 
opposition  in  his  own  party,  and  again  in  1878  was  elected,  thus 
holding  the  office  twelve  consecutive  years.  After  retiring  from  public 
life  he  resumed  his  medical  practice  which  he  has  since  continued  with 
success.  January  15,  1854,  he  married  Susan  Duncan,  who  was  born 
in  Tippecanoe  County,  Ind. ,  September  28,  1837,  and  was  a  daughter 
of  William  and  Mary  Duncan.  This  union  was  blessed  with  one  son 
and  one  daughter:  Josephine  S.,  wife  of  John  J.  Warringer,  of  Beth- 
any, and  Charles  H.,  a  physician  of  Denver,  Colo.  Mrs.  Skinner 
died  September  25,  1862,  and  August  5,  1864,  Dr.  Skinner  married 
her  sister,  Charlotte,  who  was  born  in  White  County,  Ind. ,  March  8, 
1840,  and  was  the  mother  of  five  childi'en:  Edna  R.  (wife  of  Thomas 
Monson),  Willie  (born  April  12,  1867,  died  September  12,  1870), 
Hariy  B. ,  Loren  H.  and  Latu'a  C.  (twins).  Mrs.  Skinner  died  July 
12,  1884,  and  the  Doctor  then  married  Emily  J.  Hess,  a  native  of 
Indiana,  born  June  10,  1850,  and  daughter  of  Judiah  and  Mary 
Osmon. 

William  H.  Skinner,  prosecuting  attorney  of  Harrison  County, 
Mo.,  was  born  near  New  Lexington,  Perry  Co.,  Ohio,  November  26, 
1844,  and  is  a  son  of  William  H.  and  Polly  Skinner,  who  were  mar- 
ried December  5,  1843,  they  being  natives,  respectively,  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Ohio.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was  Skinner  previous  to 
her  marriage  with  his  father,  but  no  known  relationship  existed 
between  his  parents,  previous  to  their  marriage.  His  father  died  May 
10,  1844,  and  his  mother  about  1850  became  the  wife  of  Joseph 
Brown,  and  now  resides  with  her  husband  at  Emporia,  Kas.  William 
H.  was  reared  to  manhood  on  a  farm  near  Somerset,  Peny  Co. ,  Ohio, 
and  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  served  in  the  Union  army  as  a 
corporal  in  Company  G,  One  Hundred  and  Sixtieth  Regiment  Ohio 
Volunteer  Infantry.  On  February  20,  1866,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Sarah  C.  Simpson,  a  native  of  Muskingum  County, 
Ohio,  who  is  still  living.  They  have  six  children,  named  respectively 
Alice  B.,  Edgai-,  Claude,  Lillie  V.,  I  von  and  Estella  O.  In  May, 
1866,  he  removed  to  Clinton,  111. ,  and  read  law  in  the  office  of  Hon. 
Henry  S.  Greene  until  December,  1867,  when  he  removed  to  Emporia, 
Kas. ,  where  he  pursued  his  studies  until  the  following  spring,  when 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  law  there. 


626  HAKKISON    COUNTY. 

which  he  continued  until  1877.  He  was  Deputy  United  States  Col- 
lector of  Internal  Revenuefor  the  Southwest  Kansas  District  from 
1S69  to  1873,  and  was  employed  by  the  United  States  Government 
for  nearly  a  year  of  that  time  in  investigating  the  Speer  revenue 
frauds.  He  came  to  Bethany,  Mo.,  in  March,  1877,  where  he  has 
succeeded  in  establishing  himself  as  one  of  the  successful  legal  prac- 
titioners in  the  local  courts,  and  has  also  established  a  large  practice 
in  the  prosecution  of  pension  claims.  He  is  and  always  has  been 
a  Republican  in  politics,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for 
Grant  in  1868.  In  1883  he  was  elected  mayor  of  the  city  of  Bethany, 
and  served  a  term  in  that  capacity,  but  at  the  end  of  his  term 
declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  re-election.  In  1886  he  was  nominated 
by  the  Republicans  of  Han-ison  County  for  the  office  of  prosecuting 
attorney,  and  in  November  of  that  year  was  elected  to  that  office, 
the  duties  of  which  position  he  is  now  discharging.  Mr.  Skinner  was 
a  charter  member  of  Lieut.  T.  D.  Neal  Post,  No.  124,  G.  A.  R., 
of  Bethany,  Mo.,  and  tilled  the  position  of  adjutant  of  that  post 
for  the  first  two  years  of  its  existence,  and  was  commander  of 
the  post  for  the  year  1886.  He  has  taken  a  leading  part  in  the 
organization  of  the  G.  A.  R.  in  Harrison  and  adjoining  counties, 
having  mustered  all  the  posts  in  Han-ison  County  except  Post  No.  124, 
and  also  the  posts  at  Bancroft  and  Pattonsbui-g,  in  Daviess  County. 
When  the  Third  Congressional  District  reunion  of  soldiers  and 
sailors  was  held  at  Bethany  in  1886  he  was  appointed  by  the  post 
as  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  management,  and  was 
afterward  made  commander  of  the  camp,  and  in  connection  with  others 
succeeded  in  making  that  the  most  successful  reunion  ever  held  in  the 
district.  He  is  also  a  Select  Knight  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. ,  is  a  member 
of  the  legal  fraternity  who  possesses  both  experience  and  ability; 
takes  an  active  interest  in  all  measures  of  reform,  progi'ess  and  mor- 
ality; has  been  an  active  worker  to  promote  the  interests  of  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Bethany,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  enterprising 
citizens  of  the  town. 

Anthony  Skroh  was  born  in  Bohemia,  in  the  western  part  of  the 
Austrian  Empire,  June  11,  1854,  and  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Annie 
(Tiala)  Ski-oh.  The  father  was  a  tanner  by  trade,  but  abandoned  the 
same  for  farming.  He  and  his  wife' s  family  immigrated  to  America  in 
1869,  and  immediately  proceeded  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where 
Mr.  Skroh  lived  until  his  death,  July  19,  1875.  He  left  a  family  of 
three  childi'en:  Joseph,  Anthony  and  Annie,  who  remained  at  home 
until  1877.     They  then  spent  three  years  in  Princeton  at  the  expira- 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  627 

tion  of  which  Anthony  returned  to  the  old  homestead  with  his  sister 
(who  died  two  years  later),  and  Joseph  remained  at  Princeton.  Pre- 
vious to  the  death  of  his  sister  Mr.  Ski-oh  married  Mary  Stoklasa,  a 
native  of  the  same  part  of  Bohemia  in  which  he  was  born,  and  whose 
father  came  to  this  countiy  in  1876.  This  man-iage  has  been  blessed 
with  three  children:  Annie  Eozi,  Frederick  W.  and  Charles  H. 
Mr.  Skroh  is  a  well-to-do  farmer,  and  the  owner  of  150  acres  of  val- 
uable land,  and  is  one  of  the  enterj^rising  men  of  the  township.  His 
father  was  a  prominent  citizen  in  his  neighborhood  during  his  life,  and 
held  several  ofiSces.  He  was  over  sixty-two  years  of  age  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  and  his  wife  died  at  the  age  of  over  forty-nine  years. 

John  W.  Smith  was  born  in  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  Septembers, 
1831,  and  is  a  son  of.  Judge  Benson  and  Sarah  (Wright)  Smith, 
natives  of  Tennessee  and  South  Carolina,  respectively.  About  1820 
the  family  moved  to  Missouri,  and  after  living  several  years  in  Clay 
County,  moved  to  Daviess  County  about  1827.  There  the  father  entered 
land  and  they  remained  until  1844,  when  they  came  to  Harrison 
County,  and  moved  upon  land  Mr.  Smith  entered.  He  was  a  soldier 
in  the  Black  Hawk  War,  served  as  probate  judge  in  Daviess  County, 
and  as  justice  of  the  peace  in  Harrison  County,  where  he  died  in  1853. 
The  mother  is  now  living  at  the  age  of  seventy-three.  John  W.  grew 
to  manhood  in  Harrison  County,  upon  the  farm,  and  in  1850  made  an 
overland  trip  to  California  with  Samuel  Nelson  and  others  from  the 
county,  and  at  the  expu-ation  of  live  months  landed  in  what  was 
then  known  as  Hang  Town.  After  spending  three  years  mining  and 
prospecting  and  two  years  ranching,  he  started  for  home  in  1855, 
where  he  arrived  July  14  of  that  year,  having  returned  via  the 
Isthmus  and  New  York.  He  then  bought  land  in  White  Oak  Town- 
ship, upon  which  he  settled.  December  17,  1864,  he  married  Adeline 
W.  Clater,  sister  of  A.  S.  A.  Clater,  and  a  native  of  Virginia.  Having 
traded  his  White  Oak  property  for  his  present  place  Mr.  Smith 
removed  in  1865.  He  now  has  179  acres,  which  he  has  greatly 
improved.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  are  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  South,  and  have  the  following  family:  Frances 
Isabel,  wife  of  William  L.  Bailey;  Samuel  E.,  Sarah  E.,  William 
V. ,  Charles  R. ,  James  T.  and  John  A.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  stanch  Demo- 
crat. He  has  eight  brothers  who  are  farmers  in  Missouri,  six  resid- 
ing in  Han'ison  County,  and  has  three  sisters  who  live  in  this  county. 

James  A.  Smith,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  was  born  in  Barren 
County,  Ky.,  February  5,  1832,  and  is  a  son  of  Caleb  and  Lina 
(Anderson)  Smith,  natives  of  Kentucky,  who  after  their  marriage  in 


628  HAERISON   COUNTY. 

Barren  County  located  upon  a  farm  there.  In  the  spring  of  1853  they 
immigrated  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  Han-ison  County,  where  they 
still  reside,  and  for  the  past  fifteen  years  have  lived  quietly  in  Eagle- 
ville.  Both  are  now  eighty-three  years  of  age,  and  are  members  of 
the  Missionary  Baptist  Church.  The  father  has  spent  his  life  farm- 
ing, and  in  politics  is  a  Democrat.  James  A.  is  the  fourth  of  a 
family  of  seven  children,  and  grew  to  manhood  upon  his  father's 
farm,  during  which  time  he  received  a  common-school  education. 
In  October,  1861,  he  joined  the  State  MUitia,  and  in  August,  1862, 
enlisted  in  the  regular  army,  and  served  until  mustered  out  June  10, 
1865,  at  Washington,  D.  C,  in  Company  D,  Twenty- third  Missouri 
Volunteer  Infantry.  He  participated  in  the  battle  at  Atlanta  and 
numerous  minor  engagements,  and  was  in  the  campaign  from  Dalton 
to  Atlanta.  With  the  exception  of  the  time  spent  in  the  army  his 
entire  life  has  been  devoted  to  agricultural  pursuits,  and  in  December, 
1852,  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  ranked  among  the 
early  settlers.  In  May,  1854,  he  wedded  Miss  Sarah  A.  Brown,  a 
native  of  Illinois.  In  the  fall  of  the  present  year  he  moved  upon  his 
present  place,  and  now  owns  280  acres  in  the  home  farm  and  160 
acres  near  by,  also  in  Harrison  County.  Himself,  wife  and  two 
children  are  members  of  the  Christian  Church.  The  children  born 
to  his  man-iage  are  Caleb  J.,  born  November  11,  1860;  Martha,  born 
June  15,  1867,  and  Amos  J.,  twin  brother  of  Martha.  In  politics 
Mr.  Smith  is  a  stanch  Democrat. 

John  Smith  was  born  in  Ross  County,  Ohio,  March  29,  1833. 
His  parents,  Solomon  and  Mary  M.  (Litchliter)  Smith,  were  natives  of 
Virginia,  and  of  Irish  and  German  descent  respectively.  They  were 
married  in  their  native  State,  where  the  father  engaged  in  farming  and 
school  teaching.  They  reared  a  large  family  of  childi-en,  eight  of 
whom  are  living,  and  from  Virginia  emigrated  to  Ohio,  where  both 
died.  The  mother  was  eighty  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  her  death, 
and  the  father  died  July  12,  1887,  aged  ninety-one,  being  the  oldest 
man  in  his  county  at  the  time.  He  now  lies  by  the  side  of  his  wife 
in  Fayette  County,  Ohio.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  and 
his  father-in-law  was  a  soldier  in  the  Kevohitionary  War.  J.  H. 
Smith  is  the  eldest  living  son  of  the  above  family,  and  July  17,  1861, 
was  married  to  Miss  Louisa  Rupart,  a  native  of  Fayette  County,  Ohio, 
born  March  30,  1840.  In  1863  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  came  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo.,  where  Mr.  Smith  now  owns  300  acres  of  well  cultivated 
,  and  improved  land,  and  is  classed  among  the  enterprising  and 
successful  citizens.       To  himself  and  wife  the  following  children  have 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  629 

been  born:  William  H.,  born  September  30,  1862;  Mary  A.,  born 
September  5,  1864;  Jacob  A.,  born  February  18,  1867;  Minerva  E., 
born  May  22,  1870;  Albert  S.,  born  November  15,  1872;  Charles  H., 
born  May  6,  1874;  John  O.,  born  March  21,  1876;  Rachel  E.,  born 
August  8,  1881.     Mr.  Smith  is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

Elder  Alex  Hale  Smith,  a  well  known  minister  of  the  Reorganized 
Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter  Day  Saints,  was  born  in  Caldwell 
County,  Mo.,  June  2,  1838.  His  parents,  Joseph  and  Emma  (Hale) 
Smith,  were  natives  of  Vermont  and  Pennsylvania,  and  born  in  1805 
and  1804,  respectively.  The  father  was  assassinated  at  Carthage, 
Hancock  Co.,  111.,  June  27,  1844,  and  the  mother  died  at  Nauvoo, 
111. ,  April  30,  1879.  Alex  Hale  accompanied  his  parents  to  Quincy, 
111. ,  when  about  a  year  old,  and  later  was  taken  by  them  to  Nauvoo. 
He  was  there  reared  in  a  hotel,  and  received  a  good  education.  In 
1861  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Kendall,  a  native  of  England,  and 
subsequently  continued  to  make  his  home  in  Nauvoo  until  1868.  He 
then  removed  to  Piano,  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  but  two  years  later  re- 
turned to  Nauvoo,  where  he  remained  six  years.  In  the  spring  of 
1876  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  D  eeember,  1880,  went  to 
Stewartsville,  DeKalb  County.  In  March,  1882,  he  removed  to  In- 
dependence, Jackson  Co.,  Mo.,  and  in  April,  1887,  came  to  Colfax 
Township,  where  he  owns  a  tract  of  good  land.  In  the  spring  of  1862 
INIr.  Smith  united  with  the  above  named  church,  and  in  the  spring  of 
the  next  year  was  ordained  to  the  office  of  teacher.  In  April,  1864, 
he  was  ordained  an  elder,  and  since  that  time  has  been  actively 
engaged  in  discharging  his  ministerial  duties.  In  1866  he  was  ap- 
pointed missionary  in  charge  of  the  Pacific  Slope  Mission,  which  com- 
prised the  States  of  California,  Oregon,  Nevada,  besides  Idaho.  After 
laboring  in  this  field  two  years  he  returned  home  in  the  spring  of  1869 
and  resumed  his  work  here.  Mr.  Smith  is  a  man  who  has  been  suc- 
cessful in  his  life  work,  and  in  connection  with  his  missionary  work  has 
a  good  farm  in  this  county. 

N.  J.  Smith  is  of  English  descent,  and  was  born  in  Hendricks 
County,  Ind.,  July  8,  1832.  His  father,  Eli  Smith,  was  a  farmer, 
and  was  born  and  reared  in  Kentucky.  From  that  State  he  immi- 
grated to  Indiana  with  his  father,  where  he  was  married  in  Hendricks 
County  to  Miss  Eliza  Ann  S.  Smith,  a  native  of  Kentucky.  For  about 
eighteen  years  he  resided  in  Boone  and  Hendricks  Counties,  and  in 
1856  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  died  at  an  advanced 
age,  as  did  also  his  wife.  Both  had  been  members  of  the  Missionary 
Baptist  Church  for  many  years.     Mr.  Smith  was  a  life-long  farmer, 


630  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

and  in  politics  a  member  of  the  Democratic  party.  N.  J.  Smith  is  one 
of  a  family  of  seven  children,  all  living,  and  after  becoming  of  age 
learned  the  carpenter's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  several  years  with 
success,  during  which  time  he  immigrated  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. 
Here  he  purchased  a  farm  with  his  earnings,  which  now  contains  160 
acres  and  is  nicely  improved.  July  17,  1878,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  a  cousin,  Miss  Lydia  Smith,  a  native  of  Boone  County,  Ind. , 
and  daughter  of  Reuben  and  Melinda  (Tuspin)  Smith.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Smith  one  child,  Rule  May,  has  been  born.  Mx.  Smith  is  a 
Democrat,  and  during  the  war  served  three  years  in  Company  D, 
Twenty-third  Missouri  Infantry,  under  Cols.  Tindall  and  Robinson. 
He  participated  in  the  battles  at  Shiloh,  Atlanta,  Jonesboro  and  many 
others,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Atlanta. 

John  M.  Snedeker  was  born  in  Mercer  County,  N.  J.,  in  1832,  and 
is  the  third  of  a  family  of  six  children  born  to  James  W.  and  Ann 
(Newell)  Snedeker,  natives  of  Middlesex  County,  N.  J.  The  father 
was  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Ann  (Griggs)  Snedeker,  also  natives  of  New 
Jersey,  and  the  mother  was  a  daughter  of  John  Newell  and  Ruth  (Dis- 
brough)  Newell,  who  were  born,  lived  and  died  in  New  Jersey.  The 
Snedeker  family  trace  their  origin  to  Holland,  and  the  Newells  to  Ire- 
land and  France.  John  M.  Snedeker  was  reared  in  his  native  State, 
and  at  the  age  of  nineteen  went  to  Warren  County,  Ohio,  where  he 
was  married.  In  1856  he  moved  to  Tazewell  County,  111.,  and  in 
the  spring  of  1882  came  to  HaiTison  County,  Mo.  He  began  to  do  for 
himself  when  fourteen  years  old,  so  that  his  property  is  the  result  of 
his  own  business  ability  and  good  management.  He  now  resides  upon 
and  owns  320  acres  of  land,  has  240  acres  in  another  tract,  and  is 
one  of  the  prominent  and  successful  farmers  and  stock  raisers  of  the 
township.  In  November,  1853,  he  married  Miss  Amanda,  a  native  of 
"Warren  County,  Ohio,  and  daughter  of  Hannah  Maranda,  who  lost 
her  husband  when  Mrs.  Snedeker  was  an  infant.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Snedeker  two  children  have  been  born:  Melanthon,  and  one  who  died 
in  infancy.  Mr.  Snedeker  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  has  served 
his  township  in  several  different  capacities,  and  was  once  a  Democratic 
candidate  for  the  Legislature,  and  although  not  elected  ran  ahead  of 
his  ticket  by  a  handsome  majority.  He  is  a  harness-maker  by  trade, 
having  become  proficient  in  that  line  in  Trenton,  N.  J. ,  and  having 
followed  that  occupation  about  twelve  years  while  in  Ohio  and  Illi- 
nois. 

John  Snipes  a  farmer  of  Union  Township  was  born  in  Bartholomew 
County,  Ind.,  in  1835,  and  is  the  son  of  Nathan  and  Margaret  (Camp- 


BIOGEAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  631 

bell)  Soipes,  who  were  natives  of  North  Carolina  and  Kentucky, 
I'espectively,  but  accompanied  their  parents  to  Indiana,  where  their 
marriage  occurred.  In  1856  they  went  to  Harrison  County,  locating 
in  Union  Township,  where,  with  the  exception  of  one  year  spent  in 
Indiana,  they  lived  until  their  death,  that  of  the  father  occurring  in 
1883,  while  the  mother  died  in  1876.  Mr.  Snipes  was  a  member  of 
the  Dunkard  Church,  while  his  wife  was  a  Baptist.  Their  son,  John, 
had  only  the  advantages  of  a  common  country  school  until  his 
majority,  when,  by  his  own  labor,  he  obtained  money  to  attend  school 
at  Bethany  part  of  one  year.  He  was  married  in  1857  to  Miss 
Martha,  daughter  of  William  and  Christina  Fancher,  formerly 
of  Tennessee.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  four  children,  two  of 
whom  are  living — William  L.  and  Eliza  Ellen.  His  wife  dying  in 
January,  1869,  Mr.  Snipes  was  wedded  the  same  year  to  Miss  Chris- 
tina, daughter  of  Emanuel  and  Mary  Fluke,  which  union  has  resulted 
in  eight  children:  Emma,  Frank  M. ,  Marietta  Margaret,  Kutherford 
B. ,  Martha  C. ,  Arabel  M.  and  Isabel  M.  (twins)  and  Adelbert.  When 
Mr.  Snipes  first  located  at  Bethany,  he  helped  to  manage  a  saw  mill, 
but  gave  that  up  and  went  to  Marion  Township,  thence  to  "Union 
Township,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in 
Company  G,  Twenty-third  Missouri  Volunteer  Infantry,  in  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland,  First  Brigade,  Third  Division,  Fourteenth  Army 
Corps,  commanded  by  Gen.  Thomas.  He  served  three  years  as 
private,  corporal  and  sergeant,  consecutively,  engaging  in  the  battles 
of  Shiloh  and  Jonesboro,  also  went  through  the  Georgia  and  Atlanta 
campaign,  and  was  mustered  out  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  January,  1865. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  Fillmore  in 
1856.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.,  also  of  the 
Farmers'  Aid  Association.  Both  Mr.  Snipes  and  wife  are  faithful 
members  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  Mr.  Snipes  is  an  active  worker 
in  the  Sunday-school.  By  his  enterprise  and  perseverance  he  has  suc- 
ceeded in  acquiring  200  acres  of  land — eighty  acres  in  a  state  of  good 
cultivation,  and  the  rest  pasture  and  timber  land. 

Elder  Joseph  Smith  Snively,  a  minister  in  the  Reorganized  Church 
of  Jesus  Christ  of  Latter  Day  Saints,  was  born  in  Pike  County,  111. , 
February  21,  1840.  His  parents,  Hugh  and  Eleanor  (Stevenson) 
Snively,  were  born,  reared  and  married  in  Pennsylvania.  Early  in 
life  they  united  with  the  Mormon  Church,  and  followed  that  sect  fi-om 
Pennsylvania  to  Ohio,  Missom-i,  and  Quincy  and  Nauvoo,  111.  Later 
they  went  to  Indiana,  and  finally  located  in  Lee  County,  Iowa,  where 
they  died  five  and  seventeen  years  ago,  respectively.  The  father  was  an 
\ 


632  HARBISON   COUNTY. 

elder  in  the  church  up  to  the  death  of  Joseph  Smith,  and  then  refused 
the  apostleship  that  Brigham  Yoiang  accepted.  Upon  the  reorganiza- 
tion of  the  church  he  united  with  same,  and  remained  a  member  until 
his  death,  but  on  account  of  infirmity  never  engaged  in  the  ministry. 
Joseph  Smith  Snively  received  a  liberal  education  during  his  youth  in 
Indiana,  and  in  the  spring  of  1867  united  with  the  church.  In  the 
spring  of  1868  he  was  ordained  elder  at  Piano,  111. ,  and  the  next  nine 
years  engaged  in  missionary  work  in  Iowa,  Illinois,  Michigan  and 
Upper  and  Lower  Canada.  The  greater  part  of  the  time  was  spent  in 
Canada,  where  he  organized  several  churches  and  baptized  a  number 
of  persons.  In  February,  1878,  he  came  to  HaiTison  County,  Mo. , 
and  in  connection  with  preaching  engaged  in  fai-ming,  where  he  now 
resides.  In  1881  he  was  elected  presiding  elder  of  Decatur  district, 
and  was  superintendent  of  this  section  for  two  years,  since  which  time 
he  has  farmed  and  officiated  as  a  local  preacher.  November  23,  1871, 
he  married  Miss  Ann  M.  Traxler,by  whom  he  has  had  four  sons  and  three 
daughters,  two  of  the  former  being  now  deceased.  He  was  in  Indiana 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  and  enlisting  in  the  Federal  army  August 
11,  1862,  served  in  Company  E,  Sixty-fifth  Indiana  Infantry.  He 
participated  in  thirty -six  engagements,  among  which  may  be  mentioned 
the  battles  at  Knoxville,  Franklin  and  the  Atlanta  campaign.  Mr. 
Snively  owns  120  acres  of  fertile  land,  and  in  politics  is  a  Republican. 
Josef  Sobotka  was  born  in  Bohemia,  Austrian  Empire,  August  16, 
1836,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Annie  (Shanteutchek)  Sobotka,  both  of 
whom  died  in  the  old  country.  Josef  was  reared  and  educated  in  his 
native  land,  and  after  his  father's  death,  February  19,  1848,  he  became 
an  apprentice  to  the  butcher's  trade,  serving  the  three  years  required, 
and  remaining  in  the  same  place  two  years  longer.  After  this  he  was 
occupied  in  different  localities  until  1858,  when  on  Christmas  day  he 
opened  his  own  shop,  and  carried  on  the  same  until  1867,  when  he 
came  to  America,  and  directly  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  In  1859  he 
married  Miss  Klubka  Anastazie,  and  upon  emigrating  to  the  United 
States  had  a  family  of  three  children.  In  this  country  four-  more 
were  born,  two  of  whom  died.  Emanuel,  Joseph,  John,  Franklin, 
"William  (deceased),  Frederick  (deceased),  and  Charles,  are  the  names 
of  the  children.  ^Mr.  Sobotka  at  first  rented  land  near  Cainesville 
for  two  years,  and  then  bought  a  lot  in  the  town,  upon  which  he  built 
and  lived  four  years.  He  then  engaged  in  butchering  and  various 
other  employments,  and  then  bought  forty  acres  of  his  present  place, 
upon  which  he  built  and  where  he  has  since  lived.  This  place  he 
immediately  began  to  improve,  and  now  owns  400  acres  of  well  stocked 


BIOGKAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  633 

and  improved  land,  making  him  one  of  the  ■well-to-do  citizens  of  the 
county.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  Two  of  his  children  are  mai-- 
ried,  one  living  in  this  county  and  one  in  Iowa. 

J.  J.  Stoner  was  born  in  Muskingum  County,  Ohio,  in  1832,  and 
is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Nancy  (Jordan)  Stoner,  natives  of  Pennsylvania 
and  Maryland,  respectively.  They  were  married  in  Muskingum 
County,  Ohio,  and  farmed  there  until  1855,  when  they  went  to  War- 
ren County,  Ind.,  at  which  place  the  father  died.  In  1856  the  widow 
and  younger  sons  moved  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  after  which  J.  J. 
returned  to  Ohio,  as  he  was  the  executor  of  his  father's  estate.  There 
he  married  Margaret  Goodin,  a  native  of  Pike  County,  Ohio.  In  1857 
he  came  west,  and  taught  school  about  twenty  terms  in  Harrison 
County,  Mo. ,  Pike  and  Jackson  Counties,  Ohio,  and  Warren  County, 
Ind. ,  although  he  made  farming  his  principal  occupation.  He  has 
four  children:  Samantha  J.  (wife  of  S.  Whitinger,  of  California), 
Herschel  H. ,  Alva  P.  and  Angelettie  N.  H.  H.  Stoner  is  a  physician. 
Mr.  J.  J.  Stoner  is  a  Democrat,  and  served  three  weeks  in  the  Missouri 
State  Militia  during  the  war.  He  has  100  acres  of  land  in  the  home- 
stead, well  stocked  and  improved,  and  twenty  acres  in  bottom  lands. 

Josephus  Sullinger  was  born  in  Ray  County,  Mo. ,  June  28,  1815, 
and  is  a  son  of  William  and  Mille  (Roland)  Sullinger,  natives  of  North 
Carolina,  where  they  were  married.  The  father  was  an  early  settler 
of  Ray  County,  where  he  carried  on  a  farm  in  connection  with  survey- 
ing and  carpentering.  While  at  Prospect  Hill,  Ray  County,  he  served 
as  postmaster  a  number  of  years.  In  1864  he  went  to  Andrew  County, 
where  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Fontainbleau,  which  position 
he  held  until  his  death  in  May,  1887.  He  was  twice  man-ied,  his  first 
wife  having  died  in  1858.  His  widow  still  survives.  He  reared  a 
family  of  nine  sons  and  four  daughters,  seven  of  the  former  and  three 
of  the  latter  still  living,  and  two  of  the  sons  and  two  of  the  daughters 
residents  of  Harrison  County.  Josephusleft  home  when  fourteen.  He 
first  spent  three  years  in  California,  Oregon,  Montana,  Washington 
Territory  and  Utah.  In  1868  he  returned  fi-om  the  West,  and  pur- 
chased a  small  piece  of  raw  land,  where  he  now  lives,  and  to  which  he 
has  added  until  he  now  owns  320  acres  of  well  improved  land,  upon 
which  he  has  erected  good  buildings.  In  1870  he  began  to  buy  and 
trade  in  stock,  and  since  1877  has  done  a  great  deal  of  shipping,  being 
at  present  one  of  the  largest  shippers  of  the  county.  In  April,  1869, 
he  was  married  in  Gentry  County,  Mo. ,  to  Miss  Margaret  A.  Madden, 
a  native  of  that  county,  and  daughter  of  William  T.  Madden.  To 
this  union  four  children  have  been  born:  Allie,  George  M.,  Minnie  F. 


634  HARBISON   COUNTY. 

and  one  infant,  now  deceased.     Mr.  SuJlinger  is  a  worthy  member  of 
the  K.  of  P. 

Capt.  Simeon  Sutton,  a  farmer  and  mechanic  of  Cypress  Township, 
was  born  in  Preble  County,  Ohio,  in  1821,  and  is  tbe  eighth  of  eleven 
children  of  George  and  Hannah  (Gard)  Sutton,  who  were  married  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1805,  and  the  same  year  removed  to  Ohio,  thence  to 
Hamilton  County,  thence  to  Butler  County,  and  finally  to  Preble 
County,  where  the  father  died  in  1861,  and  the  mother  in  1862.  Mr. 
Sutton  served  as  second  sergeant  under  Gen.  Harrison  in  the  War  of 
1812;  his  father  was  one  of  the  minute  men  in  the  Revolutionary  War, 
while  his  grandfather  was  one  of  the  first  to  settle  west  of  the  moun- 
tains in  Permsylvania,  having  gone  there  prior  to  the  French  and 
Indian  War,  and  locating  near  where  Gen.  Braddoek  was  defeated. 
Capt.  Sutton  received  but  a  limited  education,  and  in  1853  was  married 
to  Miss  Hannah,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Hannah  Morton.  This 
marriage  has  resulted  in  five  children,  all  living:  Benjamin  M. ;  Emma 
F.,  wife  of  J.  C.  Howe;  Mary  F.,  wife  of  John  F.  Selby;  Sarah  J.  and 
Noah  E.  In  1854  he  went  to  Knox  County,  HI.,  from  there  in  1859 
to  Daviess  County,  and  two  years  later  located  in  Cypress  Township, 
Harrison  County,  where  he  has  since  resided,  living  seven  miles  south 
of  Bethany,  on  a  fine  farm  of  136  acres,  all  under  cultivation.  When 
the  war  broke  out,  he  was  made  captain  of  Company  B,  of  the  East 
Missouri  Militia,  which  he  commanded  till  1864,  operating  in  Harrison 
and  Daviess  Counties.  In  1864  he  was  made  captain  of  Company  E, 
Forty-third  Missouri  Infantry,  and  operated  along  the  Missouri  Eiver 
till  the  close  of  the  war,  being  captured  at  Glascow  in  September, 
1864,  and  taken  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  was  held  prisoner  several  weeks; 
was  then  released  and  resumed  operations.  In  politics  he  was  formerly 
a  Whig,  casting  his  first  vote  for  Henry  Clay,  but  since  the  war  has 
been  a  Republican.  He  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Missionary 
Baptist  Church,  and  he  is  also  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  E.  Always  an 
advocate  of  all  educational  enterprises,  he  has  taken  great  pleasure  in 
giving  his  children  the  benefit  of  a  good  college  education,  the  elder 
son  being  a  practicing  physician  at  Bridgeport,  and  the  younger  a 
teacher. 

John  Taggart,  a  prominent  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Sherman 
Township,  was  born  May  15,  1828,  in  Monaghan  County,  Ireland,  and 
immigrated  to  the  United  States  in  April,   1832.     He  landed  first  at  } 

Montreal,  and  in  the  winter  of  that  year  went  to  New  York  City.     In  | 

the  spring  of  1833  he  went  to  Philadelphia,  and  a  year  later  to  Lum- 
berville,  Penn. ,  where  he  resided  four  years,  and  then  to  PhoenixvUle 


BIOGEAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  635 

where  he  received  a  graded-school  education.  He  began  life  for 
himself  at  the  age  of  twenty-five  as  a  school  teacher,  at  which  vocation 
he  continued  engaged  four  years.  About  1838  he  went  to  Indiana,  and 
in  1857  came  to  the  State  of  Missoui'i,  with  his  parents,  and  set- 
tled in  Morgan  County,  which  was  at  that  time  but  little  improved, 
and  began  farm  life,  assisting  in  felling  the  forest,  building  log 
cabins,  rolling  logs  into  heaps,  and  everything  else  necessary  in  a  new 
country.  He  remained  engaged  in  farming  until  1864,  when  he  estab- 
lished himself  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Bolton,  Mo.  In  1869  he 
sold  his  stock  of  goods,  went  to  Bethany,  and  entered  the  store  of 
Bohannon  &  Slinger  as  a  clerk,  where  he  remained  three  years.  He 
moved  to  his  present  location  in  1873,  and  has  since  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  stock  raising,  in  which  he  is  quite  successful.  Although  he 
began  life  in  moderate  circumstances  he  now  owns  160  acres  of  nicely 
improved  land,  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  township. 
October  9,  1851,  he  married  Miss  Matilda  Ann,  daughter  of  John  and 
Nancy  (Moore)  Wiley,  natives  of  Ohio.  To  Mr.  and  Mi's.  Taggart 
ten  children  have  been  born:  John  W.  (deceased);  Nancy  Ann,  wife  of 
Josiah  Bogue;  Wiley  P.;  James  O.  (deceased);  Madora  E.,  wife  of 
Robert  S.  Mayhugh;  William  W. ;  Bessie,  wife  of  James  Weldon; 
Emma  M. ;  Charles  M.  and  Nona  B.  Mr.  Taggart  is  a  Democrat  in 
politics,  and  was  elected  State  senator  in  the  fall  of  1886,  by  125 
majority,  in  a  district  usually  Republican  by  more  than  500  majority. 
For  several  years  he  served  his  township  as  constable,  and  in  various 
o£Scial  capacities,  and  dui'ing  the  war  organized  and  was  elected  cap- 
tain of  Company  D,  Home  Guards.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F.  for  over  thirty-five  years,  and  himself  and  wife  belong  to 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  To  his  parents,  John  and  Ann 
Jane  (Bothwell)  Taggart,  natives  of  Ireland,  seventeen  children  were 
born,  of  whom  John  is  the  fourth.  The  father  died  in  1868,  aged 
sixty-six,  and  the  mother  in  1869,  aged  sixty-two. 

David  S.  Thomas  was  born  in  Guilford  County,  N.  C,  October 
16,  1841,  and  is  a  son  of  D.  M.  and  Lucinda  (Edmiston)  Thomas, 
both  natives  of  North  Carolina.  The  family  moved  from  North  Caro- 
lina to  Han-ison  County,  Mo.,  in  1843,  where  the  father  entered  240 
acres  in  one  tract,  upon  which  he  lived  until  his  death  in  May,  1862. 
He  was  three  times  married,  the  mother  of  oxir  subject  having  died 
shortly  after  coming  to  Harrison  County.  David  S.  grew  to  manhood 
in  Harrison  County,  upon  the  farm,  and  in  September,  1861,  enlisted  in 
the  Confederate  army  in  the  First  Missouri  Cavalry.  He  participated 
in  the  battles  of  Blue  Mill  Landing,  Lexington,  Pea  Ridge,  Champion's 


636  HARRISON    COUNTY. 

Hill  and  Big  Black,  and  served  until  May  IT,  1863.  He  was  then 
taken  prisoner,  and  confined  in  the  prison  at  Camp  Morton,  Ind. , 
Fort  Delaware  and  Point  Lookout.  He  was  afterward  paroled,  and  then 
worked  upon  a  farm  near  Baltimore,  Md. ,  until  1870,  when  he 
returned  to  Han'ison  County.  September  25,  1866,  he  was  married  to 
Sarah  E.  Elliott,  daughter  of  Yachel  A.  Elliott,  and  who  was  bom 
near  the  city  of  Baltimore.  Mr.  Thomas  farmed  upon  land  in  the 
southwest  portion  of  the  county  until  1878,  when  he  removed  to 
Matkins,  where  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in  1879.  He 
has  established  a  good  trade,  and  is  now  one  of  the  prosperous  busi- 
ness men  of  the  place.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  the  spring  of  1881 
was  elected  justice  of  the  peace,  in  which  office  he  served  four  terms. 
He  has  one  son,  Marvin  L. ,  aged  sixteen,  and  himself  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South. 

Luther  D.  Tilley  was  born  May  3,  1827,  in  West  Virginia,  and  is 
a  son  of  Reuben  D.  and  Sarah  (Baker)  Tilley,  natives  of  Stokes  County, 
N.  C. ,  and  Surrey  County,  N.  C. ,  respectively.  The  family  moved 
from  that  State  to  Kentucky  in  1827,  and  remained  about  six  months 
in  Louisville,  after  which  they  moved  to  Monroe  County,  Ind.,  where 
they  lived  about  six  years.  Thence  they  went  to  Illinois,  and  in  the 
fall  of  1836  went  to  Platte  County,  Mo.,  where  they  made  their  home 
until  February,  1846.  They  then  came  to  Butler  Township,  Har- 
rison County,  where  the  father  improved  a  farm,  upon  which  he  lived 
until  his  decease.  There  was  a  family  of  four  sons  and  seven  daugh- 
ters who  grew  to  maturity;  of  these  three  brothers  and  four  sisters 
are  living  and  two  of  each  sex  reside  in  HaiTison  Coimty.  Luther  D. 
is  the  second  sou,  and  accompanied  his  parents  when  they  came 
to  Missouri  and  later  to  Han-ison  County.  In  March,  1849,  he 
accompanied  a  Government  train  under  command  of  Col.  Loren  to 
Oregon.  The  train  consisted  of  125  wagons,  mule  teams,  six  companies 
of  soldiers  and  250  head  of  cattle.  He  went  as  far  as  Dais,  Oreg. ;  then 
down  the  river  by  canoe  to  Vancouver;  thence  to  Oregon  City,  the  jour- 
ney occupying  five  months.  He  remained  in  Oregon  seven  months,  aud 
in  April,  1850,  went  to  California,  where  he  remained  but  a  short  time 
and  then  went  to  Oregon  City,  at  which  place  he  worked  until  the  spring 
of  1851.  During  1850  he  was  with  Joseph  Lain  at  the  time  of  the 
treaty  with  the  Eogue  Eiver  Indians.  He  returned  to  California,  and 
spent  about  two  years  prospecting  and  mining  near  the  Shasta  River 
without  much  success.  In  June,  1855,  he  started  for  home  via 
Panama,  Aspinwall,  New  York  City  and  Chicago.  He  reached  his 
destination  in  July,    1855,  and  then  entered  269  acres  of  his  present 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  637 

land.  He  has  since  purchased  more,  and  now  owns  500  acres,  440  of 
which  are  well  cultivated.  He  has  a  nice,  large,  two-story  building, 
stables  etc. ,  upon  his  home  place,  and  a  fine  residence  and  outbuild- 
ings upon  another  portion  of  the  farm.  He  also  has  a  place  well 
improved  in  Butler  Township.  December  5,  1855,  he  was  united  in 
marriage  in  Harrison  County  with  Martha  J.  Martin,  daughter  of 
Nathaniel  Martin,  a  pioneer  settler  of  Harrison  County.  Mrs.  Tilley 
was  born  in  Indiana,  but  came  to  Missoui-i  in  1840  at  the  age  of 
three.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tilley  are  the  parents  of  the  following  children : 
James  F.  (of  Kansas),  Benoni,  Nathaniel  M.  (of  Colorado),  Augustine, 
William  L.,  Ulysses  G.  and  Benton.  Mr.  Tilley  served  three  years 
in  the  State  Militia,  and  aided  materially  in  keeping  the  Confederates 
out  of  Northern  Missouri.  He  has  always  supported  the  principles 
of  the  Republican  party. 

Mahlon  C.  Turner  is  a  son  of  Robert  and  Phoebe  (Canady)  Turner, 
natives  of  Illinois,  and  was  born  in  Daviess  County,  September  11, 
1860.  The  father  emigrated  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  when  Mahlon 
was  a  small  boy,  and  there  engaged  in  farming  near  Bethany  until 
his  death  in  1880.  His  mother  having  died  soon  after  his  birth,  Mah- 
lon was  reared  by  his  father,  and  during  his  youth  learned  the  har- 
ness and  saddler's  trade  in  Bethany.  In  January,  1887,  he  bought 
the  harness  and  saddle  establishment  of  Arthur  Edson,  and  is  now 
successfully  engaged  in  that  business  on  the  east  side  of  the  square,  and 
is  controlling  a  large  share  of  the  patronage  of  the  city  and  county  in 
this  line.  In  1883  he  man-ied  Mollie  Keen,  of  Daviess  County,  Mo., 
by  whom  he  has  one  son — Don.  D.  Mr.  Tui-ner  is  a  Democrat  in  his 
political  views,  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising  business  men  of 
Bethany. 

A.  M.  C.  Twadell  was  born  in  Jennings,  Ind.,  March  10,  1849, 
and  was  biit  an  infant  when  his  parents  decided  to  move  to  Mercer 
County.  He  lived  at  home  upon  the  farm  until  nineteen,  and  then 
went  west,  where  he  spent  some  time  in  the  Colorado  Mountains  and 
"Wyoming  Territory  as  a  freighter  hand.  After  passing  a  winter  in 
Kansas  he  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising  in  Mercer  County, 
Mo. ,  ten  years,  and  in  1877  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  Here  he 
bought  a  small  farm,  and  shortly  after  married  Eliza  Humble,  a  native 
of  Hancock  County,  Ind.  (born  October  29,  1854),  by  whom  he  has 
had  fom-  childi'en:  Nellie  G.,  born  June  22,  1879;  Amos  B.,  born 
September  18,  1881;  Bessie  D.,  born  October  4,  1885,  and  Rocky  P., 
born  September  18,  1887.  Mr.  Twadell  owns  260  acres  of  land,  180 
being  in  the  home  place,  which  is  well  cultivated  and  improved.  In 
politics  Mr.  Twadell  is  a  stanch  Republican. 


638  HAKBISON   COUNTI. 

Dr.  K.  H.  Vandivert  was  born  in  Muskingum  County,  Ohio,  No- 
vember 14,  1819,  and  spent  his  youth  upon  a  farm  with  no  educational 
advantages,  until  after  reaching  the  age  of  nineteen,  when  an  elder 
brother  assisted  him  in  laying  the  foundation  to  his  after-knowledge. 
Near  the  close  of  the  Mexican  War  he  organized  a  company  of  sol- 
diers, but,  as  the  war  was  near  its  end,  the  company  was  rejected.  He 
was  married  February  1,  1848,  to  Agnes  H.  Berry,  who  was  finely 
educated  and  greatly  assisted  her  husband  in  his  efforts  to  become  a 
well-informed  man.  He  began  the  study  of  medicine  with  the  brother 
of  his  wife,  and,  although  when  first  married  he  was  very  poor,  he 
earned  enough  money  to  enable  him  to  attend  lectures  in  the  Sterling 
Medical  College,  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  by  nursing  cholera  patients  at 
the  Columbus  penitentiary.  In  1856  he  left  Ohio  for  Lawrence,  Kas., 
but  on  account  of  the  border  troubles  changed  his  route,  and 
located  in  Harrison  Coimty,  Mo. ,  where  he  an-ived  in  June  of  that 
year,  and  where  he  has  since  lived  with  the  exception  of  eight  years 
spent  at  Salem,  Daviess  County.  June  8,  1858,  he  lost  his  wife,  and 
July  31,  1859,  married  Mary  J.  Ellis,  who  died  January  16,  1872, 
and  on  June  12,  1873,  he  was  urSted  in  marriage  with  Mary  U.  Kes- 
sler,  who  survives.  To  the  first  marriage  five  boys  were  born ;  the 
first  died  in  infancy;  J.  Worth  died  in  Bethany,  Jamiary  29,  1880;  and 
the  other  three — Dr.  A.  H. ,  A.  Hubeand  Samuel  W.,  survive,  together 
with  a  daughter,  Hattie — born  of  the  last  marriage.  Politically 
the  Doctor  was  an  Abolitionist  fi'om  boyhood,  and  upon  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Republican  party  he  became  an  active  member  of  the 
same.  He  presided  over  the  first  Republican  convention  held  in  Har- 
rison County,  and  in  1869  filled  the  vacancy  in  the  State  Senate 
caused  by  the  death  of  Senator  Elwell,  to  which  position  he  was 
elected  in  1870,  and  which  he  filled  until  the  expiration  of  the  term. 
He  enlisted  in  the  war  at  its  commencement,  but  served  only  a  short 
time  on  account  of  rheumatism.  From ^1868  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Ch\u-ch.  After  the  war  he  farmed  and  traded  in  stock  for 
about  ten  years,  and  for  several  years  during  the  latter  part  of  his 
life  was  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Vandivert,  Nordyke  &  Co.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  T.  D.  Neal  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  and  his  death 
occurred  March  29,  1887. 

Ashman  H.  Vandivert,  born  in  Muskingum  County,  Ohio,  April 
6,  1853,  is  the  son  of  the  late  R.  H.  Vandivert,  and  came  to  Missoui-i 
with  his  parents  in  1856,  and,  having  received  a  good  education, 
determined  to  adopt  the  medical  profession.  In  1874  he  began  to  read 
with  his  present  partner.  Dr.  Jackson  Walker,  and  afterward  attended 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  639 

lectxires  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  whence  he  graduated  in  March,  1877. 
He  then  practiced  one  year  in  Eagleville,  and  in  1879  went  to  Colo- 
rado. In  1880  he  came  to  Bethany,  where  he  has  since  established  a 
lucrative  practice.  September  29,  1886,  he  married  Miss  Emma 
Buckles,  a  native  of  Madison  County,  111.  By  his  fii-st  marriage,  with 
Eosa  Templeman  (deceased),  he  has  one  daughter — Bessie  A.  Dr. 
Vandivert  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Grand 
River  Medical  Society.  He  is  colonel  of  the  Missouri  Division  of  the 
Sons  of  Veterans,  and  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

Lewis  Van  Meter  was  born  in  Salem  County,  N.  J.,  June  11,  1818, 
and  is  a  son  of  David  and  Ruth  (Whitaker)  Van  Meter,  also  natives 
of  New  Jersey.  His  paternal  grandfather  was  a  native  of  Holland, 
and  came  to  the  United  States  prior  to  the  Revolution.  David  Van 
Meter  was  a  well-to-do  farmer,  and  the  father  of  six  soqs  and  one 
daughter  who  grew  to  maturity.  He  died  when  Lewis  was  but  a  lad. 
The  latter  was  reared  in  his  native  State,  and  was  there  maiTied  March, 
15,  1846,  to  Rebecca,  daughter  of  Isaac  and  Rachel  (Dubois)  Johnson, 
all  three  of  whom  were  born  in  New  Jersey.  The  year  following  his 
marriage  Mr.  Van  Meter  moved  to  Cass  County,  Ind.,  where  he 
improved  a  farm,  and  resided  nine  years.  In  1856  he  sold  out,  and 
came  to  Missouri,  locating  in  the  northwestern  part  of  Harrison  County, 
where  he  bought  land  which  he  proceeded  to  improve.  He  has  a  fine 
tract  of  1,100  acres,  all  fenced  and  nearly  all  improved.  He  resides 
in  a  brick  residence  which  cost  over  $3,000,  and  has  good  barns  and 
outbuildings.  He  has  been  a  very  successful  farmer  but  is  now  living 
a  more  retired  life  and  enjoying  the  fi-uits  of  his  labor.  To  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Van  Meter  seven  children  have  been  born:  Joseph,  who  is  married 
and  lives  upon  the  home  place;  Katie,  wife  of  Dr.  A.  M.  Willey,  of 
Hampton;  Albert,  also  married  and  living  upon  the  farm;  Rachel,  who 
died  in  1873,  aged  twenty-three,  and  three  who  died  in  infancy.  Mr. 
Van  Meter  has  always  interested  himself  in  the  progress  of  education, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  school  board  for  some  time.  He  also  assisted 
in  building  some  three  schoolhouses.  During  the  Rebellion  he  served 
in  the  Missoiiri  Militia.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church,  and 
is  a  Master  Mason  in  the  Eagleville  lodge. 

James  Van  Meter  was  born  in  what  is  now  Harrison  County,  IMo., 
January  11,  1843.  His  father,  James  Van  Meter,  was  a  native  of 
Ohio,  and  his  mother,  Mary  (Phnmell)  Van  Meter,  was  also  born  in 
that  State.  In  Aiigiist,  1839,  they  moved  to  what  is  now  Butler  Town- 
ship, Harrison  County,  where  the  father  died  in  August,  1842.  His 
widow  survived  him  several  years,  and  was  married  again.     James 


640  HAEEISON   COUNTY. 

Van  Meter,  Jr.,  was  reared  by  his  maternal  grandfather,  who 
accompanied  him  to  Missouri.  He  passed  his  youth  upon  the 
farm  where  he  now  resides,  and  August  3,  1861,  enlisted  in  the 
Twenty-third  Missouri  Infantry,  in  which  he  served  until  discharged 
September  22,  1864,  at  the  expiration  of  his  enlistment.  He  en- 
listed as  a  private,  but  afterward  was  promoted  and  became  a 
non-commissioned  officer.  He  was  captured  during  the  first  day 
of  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and  held  a  prisoner  two  months,  afterward 
being  paroled,  when  he  returned  home  until  exchanged.  He  was 
present  at  the  siege  of  Atlanta  and  several  skirmishes,  but  was  never 
severely  wounded.  The  year  following  his  discharge  he  engaged  in 
farming  in  Harrison  County,  where,  January  28,  1866,  he  man-ied 
Catherine  Maize,  whose  father  and  mother  were  natives  of  Alabama 
and  Indiana,  respectively.  John  R.  and  Rachel  (Flint)  Maize  moved 
to  Harrison  County  after  their  marriage,  and  subsequently  located 
upon  the  place  where  they  have  since  resided.  Mr.  Van  Meter  owns 
192  acres  of  land,  180  fenced,  and  50  acres  in  timber  land.  The 
remainder  is  mostly  meadow,  pasture  and  plow  land,  which  is  well 
improved,  and  upon  which  good  buildings  have  been  erected.  Mr. 
Van  Meter  is  a  svipporter  of  the  Republican  party,  and  has  served  as 
constable  and  registrar  of  his  township.  He  is  greatly  interested 
in  educational  projects,  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  school  board 
some  fourteen  years.  He  belongs  to  the  Pattonsburg  lodge,  A.  F.  & 
A.  M. ,  and  the  G.  A.  R.  post  at  Bethany.  Mrs.  Van  Meter  is  a  member 
of  the  Christian  Church,  and  the  mother  of  the  following  children: 
Vada  (wife  of  William  Green),  Rachel,  Asby,  George,  Lora,  Robert, 
Elsie,  Cecil  and  Orpha. 

Albert  Van  Meter  was  born  November  30,  1857,  within  four  miles 
of  his  present  residence,  and  is  the  youngest  of  a  family  of  seven 
children  born  to  Lewis  and  Rebecca  (Johnson)  Van  Meter,  natives  of 
Salem  County,  N.  J.,  who,  shortly  after  their  marriage,  moved  to 
Cass  County,  Ind.,  and  from  there  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  about 
1856,  and  are  now  residing  near  New  Hampton,  Mo.  The  father 
served  during  the  Rebellion  as  a  member  of  the  Home  Guards.  Our 
subject  was  reared  upon  a  farm,  upon  which  he  worked  until  twenty - 
one,  and  then  spent  two  years  upon  the  railroad.  He  was  first  a 
fireman  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  between  Antonito, 
Colo. ,  and  Elmargo,  N.  M. ,  and  afterward  filled  the  same  position  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  between  Los  Angeles,  Cal. ,  and  Fort 
Yuma,  Aiiz. ,  after  which  he  worked  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
between    Ainsworth,    W.    T. ,     and    Sandy    Point,    I.   T.,   and   also 


BIOGRAPHICAL  APPENDIX.  641 

traveled  quite  extensively  through  Wyoming,  Montana,  Dakota,  Brit- 
ish Columbia  and  Old  Mexico.  He  then  went  to  San  Francisco,  and 
from  there  returned  home  on  the  Northern  Pacific,  via  Minneapolis 
and  Chicago.  He  has  also  traveled  through  Mexico  and  Arkansas. 
He  began  life  for  himself  when  seventeen,  and  as  a  result  of  his  indus- 
try and  good  management  is  now  the  owner  of  157i  acres  of  land, 
upon  which  he  resides,  and  twenty  acres  in  another  tract.  June  28, 
1885,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Zinn,  a  native  of  Illinois,  and  daughter 
of  Jacob  and  Sarah  (Larue)  Zinn,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Van  Meter  two  children  have  been  born  (both  of  whom  are 
deceased):  Bertha  and  Lewis  Homer.  Mr.  Van  Meter  is  a  Democrat 
in  politics,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Blue  Lodge  in  Masonry. 

John  W.  Virden  was  born  in  Sussex  County,  Del. ,  July  23,  1807,  and 
is  a  son  of  Mitchell  Virden,  who  was  also  born  in  that  county  and  State, 
and  who  married  Mrs.  Naomi  Bruce,  nee  JefPerson,  who  was  a  native  of 
the  same  State.  The  father  engaged  in  farming  in  his  native  county 
until  his  death  in  1838,  and  was  a  son  of  William  Virden,  a  native  of 
Delaware.  John  W.  had  one  brother  and  two  sisters,  and  at  the 
present  writing  but  himself  and  one  sister  survive.  He  remained  upon 
his  father' s  farm  until  about  twenty-five  years  of  age,  and  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1832  went  to  Ohio  and  worked  upon  a  farm  in  Marion  County 
until  1838,  when  he  spent  one  season  in  Shelby  County,  111.  In  the 
spring  of  1839  he  removed  to  Schuyler  County,  111.,  and  in  the  spring 
of  1840  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  being  the  first  settler  of  White 
Oak  Township;  his  nearest  neighbor  was  seven  miles  distant.  He 
immediately  took  a  claim,  or  a  squatter's  right,  on  the  land  upon  which 
he  now  resides,  and  when  the  same  came  into  market,  some  six  years 
later,  he  entered  it.  He  at  first  entered  160  acres,  to  which  he  after- 
ward added  160,  but  has  since  increased  his  property  until  he  now 
owns  1,200  acres,  for  which  he  has  paid  from  $1  to  $20  per  acre. 
About  1,000  acres  are  improved,  with  good  buildings;  700  devoted  to 
meadow  and  plow  land,  and  400  in  the  home  place.  On  December  31, 
1846,  Mr.  Virden  married  Miss  Caroline,  daughter  of  George  Black 
(deceased),  of  North  Carolina,  who  came  with  her  mother  to  Harrison 
County  about  1845.  By  this  union  there  are  now  four  children: 
William  M.,  John  H.,  Naomi  J.  and  Amy  E.,  wife  of  F.  M.  Pruden, 
of  Harrison  County.  One  child,  Eliza  Ann,  died  at  the  age  of  twelve. 
Mr.  Virden  is  a  stanch  Republican.  He  has  never  held  any  ofiice, 
though  at  the  first  election  in  the  county  he  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace,  but  refused  to  serve.  Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 


642  HARBISON   COUNTY. 

John  H.  Virden,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Section  16,  Township 
63,  Range  29,  was  born  in  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  October  6,  1854, 
and  is  a  son  of  John  W.  and  Caroline  Virden  [see  sketch].  He  was 
reared  and  received  a  good  common-school  education  in  his  native 
State,  and  was  here  married,  February  21,  1878,  to  Miss  Florence  A. 
Chipps,  a  native  of  Indiana,  but  reared  in  Harrison  County,  and  a 
daughter  of  John  W.  Chipps,  now  a  resident  of  Cheyenne  County,  N. 
M.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Virden  settled  upon  his  present  farm, 
which  contains  200  acres  of  land,  all  under  a  good  state  of  cultivation, 
and  upon  which  he  has  built  a  large  one  and  a  half  story  dwelling 
house,  large  barns,  cribs,  wagon-sheds,  etc.  He  has  a  nice  orchard  of 
about  200  trees,  and  lives  in  a  comfortable  house.  He  has  a  family 
of  three  children:  Lizzie  D.,  Florence  E.  and  Amy  J.  One  son,  John 
E.,  died  August  15,  1884,  in  his  third  year.  Mrs.  Virden  is  a  worthy 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

Thomas  F.  Walton  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  Ind. ,  June 
19,  1843.  His  parents,  David  E.  and  Christine  (Walter),  were  natives 
of  Ohio,  born  March  30,  1818,  and  1817,  respectively.  Mr.  Walton 
settled  in  Montgomery  County,  Ind. ,  in  1839,  and  in  that  year,  in  Octo- 
ber, was  married.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Fifty-first  Illinois 
Infantry,  and  after  being  discharged  at  the  expiration  of  one  and  a 
half  years  for  disability  returned  home.  In  1870  he  came  to  Harrison 
County,  Mo. ,  and  lived  in  Butler  Township,  until  his  death  in  July, 
1880.  He  left  a  widow,  four  sons  and  two  daughters  to  mourn  his 
loss,  three  of  whom  live  in  Harrison  County.  T.  F.  received  a  good 
education  during  his  youth,  and  for  a  short  time  taught  school.  Septem- 
ber 17,  1868,  he  was  married  in  Warren  County,  Ind.,  to  Jennie  Bum- 
gardner,  a  native  of  that  county,  where  she  was  reared,  and  daughter 
of  David  Bumgardner.  After  his  maiTiage  Mr.  Walton  farmed  in 
Warren  County  until  March,  1873,  when  he  bought  a  place  in  Har- 
rison County,  Mo.,  but  then  slightly  improved.  He  now  has  135  acres 
well  fenced,  in  meadow  and  pasture  land,  and  lives  in  a  nice  house, 
surrounded  with  good  outbuildings  and  a  good  orchard.  Mr.  Walton 
lost  his  first  wife  January  10,  1874,  by  whom  he  had  three  children. 
October  16,  1874,  he  married  Mary  C.  Bryant,  daughter  of  Stephen 
Bryant,  of  HaiTison  County,  and  a  native  of  Clayton  County,  111. ,  by 
whom  he  also  had  three  children.  The  names  of  all  his  children  are 
Eva  A. ,  wife  of  James  Kelley ;  Warren  D. ,  Louie  C. ,  Ella,  Theodore  and 
Ollie.  Mr.  Walton  is  a  Mason  of  the  Knight  Templar  degree,  and 
belongs  to  the  Bethany  Lodge.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  in 
creed  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church. 


BIOGEAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  643 

George  W.  Wanamaker,  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Wanamaker 
&  Barlow,  attorneys  at  law  at  Bethany,  was  born  October  8,  1850,  in 
Belleville,  Ontario.  His  parents,  Isaac  and  Mary  (Way)  Wanamaker, 
were  both  natives  of  the  same  place.  The  father  immigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  1869,  and  located  in  Chariton  Coanty,  Mo.,  where  he 
still  lives.  George  W.  was  reared  in  his  native  country,  and  educated 
at  the  Albert  University,  at  Belleville,  Ontario.  After  graduating  from 
the  law  department  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  he  went  to  Kirksville,  Mo., 
and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1878  he  came  to  Beth- 
any, where  he  is  now  successfully  engaged  in  business  as  above 
stated.  The  firm  is  well-known  in  the  town,  and  does  quite  an  exten- 
sive abstract  of  title  business.  Mr.  Wanamaker  is  a  Republican,  and 
for  three  years  served  as  city  attorney,  but  has  never  aspired  to 
political  office.  December  23,  1879,  he  married  Bessie  Templeman, 
a  native  of  Bethany,  and  daughter  of  William  A.  Templeman.  This 
union  has  been  blessed  with  two  children — Ernest  and  Hazel.  Mr. 
Wanamaker  is  a  Master  Mason,  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. ,  and  is 
united  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  He  is  an  influential 
man,  and  is  greatly  in  sympathy  with  the  Prohibition  movement. 
George  W.  Barlow,  the  junior  member  of  the  above  mentioned  firm, 
was  born  in  Jackson  County,  Ohio,  August  14,  1855,  and  is  a  son  of 
James  and  Lucinda  (Nally)  Barlow,  natives  of  Virginia  and  Ohio, 
respectively.  The  family  came  to  Missouri  in  1865,  and  in  March, 
1870,  removed  to  Cypress  Township,  from  Chillicothe,  where  the 
father  is  well  known  and  respected.  George  W.  was  educated  at  the 
State  University,  at  Columbia,  Mo. ,  and  graduated  from  both  the  nor- 
mal and  law  departments  of  that  institute.  He  began  to  practice  law 
in  Bethany  in  1879,  and  for  one  year  was  a  partner  of  T.  D.  Neal. 
For  the  past  six  years  he  has  contributed  largely  to  the  success  of  the 
firm  he  is  now  a  member  of,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  prosperous 
attorneys  of  the  town.  October  9,  1879,  he  married  Miss  Lizzie, 
daughter  of  Nelson  A.  Hockridge,  and  a  native  of  Bethany,  by 
whom  he  has  had  one  child — Ina  Mabel.  In  politics  he  is  a 
stanch  Republican,  and  served  one  year  as  city  attorney.  He  is  a 
Master  Mason,  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  Veterans,  and  himself  and 
wife  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Francis  M.  Watts  was  born  in  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  November  18, 
18-41,  and  is  a  son  of  John  George  and  Dulcina  (Jones)  Watts,  natives 
of  Kentucky.  The  father  immigrated  to  Missouri  about  1838,  and 
made  his  home  in  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  and  in  Indiana  for  several 
years.     He   is   now   a  resident   of    Osceola,    Iowa.     The   mother  is 


644  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

deceased.  To  them  four  children  were  born:  Francis  M.,  Malvina 
(wife  of  H.  M.  Chamberlain),  Joseph  Oscar  and  Julius.  Francis  made 
his  home  with  his  parents  during  his  younger  days,  and  learned  the 
watchmaker's  trade.  He  established  a  business  of  his  own  at  Cory- 
don,  Iowa,  and  later  came  to  Missouri,  in  November,  1883,  where  he 
engaged  in  his  present  business  on  the  south  side  of  the  public  square. 
He  carries  a  large  stock  of  watches,  clocks,  jewelry,  solid  and  plated 
ware,  and  controls  a  large  share  of  the  leading  patronage  in  his  line 
in  the  city  and  county.  He  also  has  implements  and  machinery  with 
which  he  does  all  kinds  of  wheel  cutting  for  watches,  changing  from 
the  key  to  stem  winders,  etc.  May  1,  1867,  he  married  Mary  C. 
Thomas,  a  native  of  Winchester,  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  one  child — 
Nellie.  Mr.  Watts  is  a  Democrat,  a  Mason,  a  Select  Knight  of  the 
A.  O.  U.  W.,  and  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

Joseph  Webb,  an  old  settler  of  Trail  Creek  Township,  is  a  son  of 
Jonathan  and  Elizabeth  (Henisey)  Webb,  and  is  of  English  descent. 
His  father  was  a  native  of  Connecticut,  and  his  mother  of  New  Jersey, 
and  after  their  marriage  they  located  in  the  latter  State,  where  they 
spent  some  time.  They  next  located  near  Columbus,  Ohio.  In  1852 
they  came  to  Missouri,  and  afterward  lived  in  Iowa  and  Wisconsin. 
Their  last  days  were  spent  with  Joseph  Webb,  who  was  their  sixth 
child  of  a  family  of  five  sons  and  four  daughters.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Webb 
were  Methodists,  and  in  politics  the  former  was  a  stanch  Whig  and 
Republican.  He  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-nine,  and  his 
wife  to  the  age  of  eighty-two.  Joseph  Webb  was  born  in  Wayne 
County,  Penn.,  in  1820,  and  was  there  reared  upon  a  farm,  and 
received  a  common- school  education.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  began 
to  work  by  the  month,  and  in  1843  rode  upon  horseback  to  Missouri. 
Here  he  was  unfortunate,  as  having  loaned  a  stranger  his  horse  he  never 
saw  it  again,  and  sickness  consumed  his  money.  After  receiving  a 
start  again  by  chopping  wood,  he  obtained  a  position  in  a  distillery, 
and  became  an  expert  distiller.  He  afterward  spent  some  time  upon 
the  river,  attended  school  in  Ohio,  and  passed  two  years  in  Illinois. 
In  1850  he  went  to  St.  Charles  County,  Mo. ,  and  wedded  Martha  L. 
Herndon,  who  lived  but  nineteen  months.  In  1854  he  married  Mar- 
garet Lindsay,  who  died  seven  months  later,  and  in  1856  he  was 
united  in  maiTiage  with  Elizabeth  Cockrell,  by  whom  eleven  children 
have  been  born:  William  L.,  Martha  L.,  Charles  T.,  Mary  C. ,  JosejA 
E.,  John  R.,  Sarah  E.,  James  A.,  Byron,  Leonard  and  an  infant.  In 
1856  Mr.  Webb  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  There  he  now  owns 
2,000  acres  of  land,  and  is  interested  in  seven  banks.     He  is  an  enter- 


n-e.f.Ji      -^^Z/ 


HARRISON   COUNTY 


BIOGRAPHICAL  APPENDIX.  645 

prising  business  man,  and  has  been  an  extensive  stock  dealer.  In 
politics  he  was  formerly  a  Whig,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote 
for  Henry  Clay,  but  is  now  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  Knight  Templar. 
Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Missionaiy  Baptist  Church. 

Washington  B.  Weldon,  a  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Adams  Town- 
ship, was  born  in  Pittsylvania  County,  Va. ,  in  1822,  and  is  the  son  of 
Jonathan  and  Nancy  H.  (Butts)  Weldon  (the  former  of  Anglo-Scotch 
ancestry),  who  were  also  natives  of  the  same  State,  born,  respectively, 
in  1775  and  1790.  In  1830,  shortly  after  their  marriage,  which 
occurred  in  Virginia,  they  went  to  Hart  County,  Ky.,  where  he  died 
in  1844.  His  wife  afterward,  in  1856,  went  to  Harrison  County, 
where  she  died  in  1871.  They  were  both  worthy  members  of  the 
Missionary  Baptist  Church.  Washington  B.  received  a  common- 
school  education  at  home,  and  was  married  in  1849  to  Miss  Mary  M. , 
daughter  of  Isaac  and  Hulda  Highbaugh,  who  were  natives  of  Ken- 
tucky. This  union  has  resulted  in  eleven  children,  ten  of  whom  are 
living:  Charles  L. ,  a  merchant  at  Maysville;  Thomas  A.,  a  tonsorial 
artist  at  Trenton;  Hulda,  wife  of  Samuel  Hudson,  of  Woolsey,  Dak.; 
Bessie,  wife  of  Asbury  Hudson,  of  Woolsey,  Dak. ;  George  D. ,  of  same 
place;  James  M.,  Martha  M.,  William  W.,  Mary  A.  and  Jonathan  B. 
In  politics  Mr.  Weldon  has  been  a  life-long  Democrat,  and  cast  his  first 
vote  for  Polk  in  1844.  In  the  year  1855  he  left  Kentucky,  and 
went  to  Harrison  County,  locating  four  miles  southeast  of  Blue  Ridge, 
where  by  his  industry  and  careful  management  he  has  succeeded  in 
accumulating  480  acres  of  well  improved  land,  and  about  seventy  acres 
of  timber.  ■  Having  a  limited  education  himself,  he  realized  the 
advantages  of  which  he  was  deprived,  and  has  given  his  children  a 
common-school  education.  He  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in 
all  educational  matters.  Both  he  and  his  wife  are  faithful  members 
of  the  Missionary  Baptist  Church. 

D.  W.  Wells  is  a  son  of  Levi  and  Mary  Ann  (Holmes)  Wells, 
both  natives  of  Vermont.  The  father  was  a  woolen  manufacturer 
by  trade,  and  before  his  marriage  worked  near  Montreal,  Canada. 
He  afterward  moved  near  Jackson,  Susquehanna  Co.,  Penn., 
and  there  pursued  his  trade  a  number  of  years.  He  then  sold  his 
business,  and  moved  to  Jackson  County,  Iowa,  where  he  engaged  in 
farming  four  years.  He  next  sought  a  home  in  Minnesota,  when 
it  was  a  Territory,  and  bought  a  farm  near  the  present  site  of  St. 
Charles.  Shortly,  however,  he  immigrated  to  Lucas  County,  Iowa,  and 
farmed  there  from  the  fall  of  1848  until  1862.  After  the  death  of  his 
wife  in  that  county   he  sold  his  place,  and  visited  his  friends  and 


646  HAERISON   COUNTY. 

relations  in  Pennsylvania,  after  which  he  made  his  home  with  D. 
W.  Wells  until  his  death,  at  the  age  of  seventy-five.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wells  were  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  the 
parents  of  five  children,  three  of  whom  are  living,  all  married: 
Sidney,  of  Lucas  County,  Iowa;  Helen  Werkheiser,  of  Monroe  County, 
Penn. ,  and  D.  W.  The  last  named  was  born  in  Susquehanna  County, 
Perm.,  March  24,  1844.  After  the  war  he  worked  as  foreman  in  a 
woolen  factory  in  Marion  County,  Iowa,  a  short  time,  and  then  went 
to  Missouri  and  managed  a  woolen-mill  for  Edward  Mudget  two 
years.  He  next  bought  an  interest  in  a  saw-mill  in  Mercer  County,  and 
then  an  interest  in  a  water-mill.  This  property  he  afterward  sold, 
and  for  seven  years  ran  a  carding  machine  and  manufactured  wagon 
material.  Since  that  time  he  has  engaged  almost  exclusively  in  the 
saw-mill  business,  and  has  extensive  mill  property  on  Grand  River  at 
Cainesville,  valued  at  over  So,  000.  He  was  married  in  1869  to  Miss 
Rebecca  Ader,  of  Mercer  County,  in  which  her  father  is  a  prominent 
farmer.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  eight  children,  six  living: 
Elmira,  Amos,  Agnes,  Josie,  Marble  and  Mabel.  Mr.  Wells  owns 
considerable  real  estate  in  the  county,  and  is  a  stockholder  in  the 
Cainesville  Bank.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 

Gordon  Westcott  was  born  October  22,  1829,  in  Morgan  County 
(now  Noble),  Ohio,  and  is  the  youngest  of  eight  children  of  Chris- 
topher and  Mary  G.  (Briggs)  Westcott,  natives  of  Rhode  Island. 
The  father  was  a  son  of  Jonathan  Westcott,  and  the  mother  a 
daughter  of  Stephen  and  Hulda  Briggs,  natives  also  of  Rhode  Island. 
Gordon  Westcott  has  made  his  home  in  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  since 
1864,  and  as  he  started  in  life  for  himself  when  of  age,  what  he  is 
now  worth  is  the  result  of  his  own  labor  and  good  management.  He 
has  413  acres  of  well  improved  land,  equipped  in  every  way  for  farm- 
ing, and  is  one  of  the  successful  farmers  and  stock  raisers  of  the 
township.  In  1852  he  married  Miss  Susan  B.  Lamb,  a  native  of 
Worcester  County,  Mass.,  who  was  reared  in  Morgan  County,  Ohio. 
Her  parents,  Alvin  and  Lucy  (Brown)  Lamb,  were  natives  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. Mr.  Lamb  served  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  held  various 
offices  until  he  was  finally  promoted  to  the  office  of  colonel ;  he  died 
in  1846.  Mrs.  Lamb  was  born  April  2,  1797. 'and  was  married  Novem- 
ber 15,  1821.  After  the  death  of  her  first  husband  she  was  united  in 
marriage  in  1851  to  James  McKee,  who  died  in  1881,  since  which  time 
Mrs.  McKee  made  her  home  with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Mary  S. 
Sprague,  of  Washington  County,  Ohio,  until  her  death  September 
10,  1886.     Of  the  six  children  born  to  her  first  marriage,   three  are 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  647 

living  in  Ohio  and  three  in  Missouri.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Westcott 
the  following  children  have  been  born:  Lucy  E.,  Maiy  G.  (deceased), 
and  Alice  C  Mr.  Westcott  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  was  the 
first  collector  appointed  under  the  township  organization,  which 
position  he  still  holds.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Blue  Lodge  in 
Masonry. 

David  V.  White  was  born  in  Kentucky,  September  15,  1824,  and 
is  a  son  of  John  White  and  Sally  (Tage)  White,  natives  of  Virginia 
and  Kentucky,  respectively,  and  both  of  whom  died  when  David  was 
but  a  lad.  He  was  then  reared  by  his  uncle,  Richard  Fallis,  and  in 
the  fall  of  1845  came  to  Missouri,  first  stopping  in  Gentry  County 
with  some  cousins.  In  the  spring  of  1846  he  enlisted  in  the  United 
States  army.  Twelfth  Missouri  Infantry,  under  Col.  Barnum,  and 
went  to  Mexico.  He  served  through  the  entire  war,  and  participated 
in  the  day-and-a-half  engagement  at  Contrario,  which  resulted  in  a 
complete  victory  for  the  United  States,  and  the  day-and-a-half  engage- 
ment at  Cherubusco,  which  was  another  victory.  After  his  discharge 
in  New  Orleans  he  returned  to  Gentry  County  in  1847,  where  he  was 
married,  after  which  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  and  in  1851  settled 
upon  his  present  farm,  which  contains  200  acres,  all  fenced,  100 
acres  in  meadow  and  plow  land.  He  at  first  entered  160  acres.  To 
his  first  maiTiage  two  children  were  born:  Mary  (wife  of  Samuel 
Brown,  of  Buffalo  County,  Neb. ),  and  Susan  (wife  of  Samuel  Hinote, 
also  of  Buffalo  County).  January  5,  1879,  Mr.  White  was  married 
in  Harrison  County  to  Miss  Julia  Rice,  daughter  of  Daniel  Rice,  and 
a  native  of  Hanison  County,  whither  her  father  moved  fi'om  Virginia. 
Mrs.  White  is  the  mother  of  the  three  following  children:  Nora  Ethel, 
Clara  India,  and  Bessie,  who  died  when  fifteen  months  of  age. 

William  W.  Wiatt  was  born  in  Wan-en  County,  Ohio,  August  14, 
1826,  and  is  the  second  of  seven  children  born  to  James  and  Sarah 
(Wildredge)  Wiatt,  natives  of  Philadelphia  and  New  Jersey,  and  born 
October  22,  1800,  and  October  24,  1801,  respectively.  The  maternal 
grandfather,  Ralph  Wildredge,  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  When 
a  young  man  James  Wiatt  immigrated  to  Dearborn  County,  Ind., 
where  he  married,  and  subsequently  went  from  there  to  Warren 
County,  Ohio.  He  died  in  Fayette  County  of  that  State  in  1848. 
His  wife  died  in  Cumberland  County,  El.,  in  1864.  William  W. 
learned  the  paper-maker's  trade  from  his  father  when  young,  and 
received  a  common-school  education.  When  a  young  man  he  turned 
his  attention  to  agricultui-al  pursuits,  and  farmed  in  Fayette  County, 
Ohio.     In  1848  he  removed  to  Cumberland  County,  111.,  and  subse- 


648  HAKKISON    COUNTY. 

qiiently  in  Coles  County  occurred  his  first  marriage.  In  April,  1855, 
lie  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo, ,  where  he  purchased  eighty  acres  of 
land  in  Jefferson  Township,  and  pre-empted  eighty  acres  more,  to 
which  he  has  added  until  he  has  a  fine  farm  of  440  acres,  situated  sis 
miles  north  and  three  miles  west  of  Bethany.  August  3,  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  F  of  "Merrill's  Horse,"  and  served  until  Sep- 
tember 15,  1861,  when  he  was  discharged  at  St.  Louis,  and  returned' 
to  his  farm,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  farmed  with  success. 
August  11,  1847,  he  married  Elizabeth  Edson,  who  was  born  in  Coles 
County,  111.,  May  13,  1831,  and  was  a  daughter  of  Rachel  and  Daniel 
Edson.  To  this  union  five  girls  and  two  boys  were  born,  five  of  whom 
survive.  The  mother  died  August  17,  1873,  and  December  7  of  that 
year  Mr.  "Wiatt  married  Joanna  Dale,  a  native  of  Hart  County,  Ky., 
born  September  16,  1847,  and  a  daughter  of  Edward  and  Sarah  (Will- 
cutt)  Dale.  Mrs.  Wiatt  was  previously  married  in  1866  to  Jasper  N. 
Eice,  who  died  x\ugust  8,  1871,  and  by  whom  there  are  three  surviv- 
ing childi'en.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wiatt  have  two  sons,  and  both  Mr. 
Wiatt  and  his  wife  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
Jasper  N.  Rice  was  in  the  service  during  the  war,  and  belonged  to 
Company  G,  Sixth.  Missouri  State  Militia,  and  also  the  Thirteenth 
Veteran  Volunteers. 

L.  M.  Wickersham  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Meredith) 
Wickersham,  natives  of  York  County,  Penn. ,  where  he  also  was  born 
April  3,  1841.  The  father  was  a  potter  by  trade,  and  engaged  in  that 
business  in  Pennsylvania  until  1851,  when  he  immigrated  to  Keokuk, 
Lee  Co. ,  Iowa,  at  which  place  he  ran  a  foundry  iinder  the  firm,  name 
of  Thomas  Wickersham  &  Son.  Some  of  the  machinery  manufactured 
there  is  still  in  use  at  Cainesville,  Mo. ,  having  been  in  constant  use 
for  over  thirty  years.  In  1858  he  sold  that  property  and  bought  a  farm, 
which  he  cultivated  until  1871,  when  he  moved  to  Keokuk,  and  lived 
a  retired  life  until  his  death  at  the  age  of  eighty-two.  His  wife  had 
previously  died  in  Iowa.  He  had  been  very  successful  in  business, 
and  his  wealth  was  once  estimated  at  $100,000.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Republican.  L.  M.  was  reared  in  his  native  county  and  at  Keokuk, 
and  at  the  age  of  ten  went  to  work  in  the  foundry  where  he  learned 
the  molder's  trade.  He  then  farmed  until  1862,  when  he  enlisted  in 
Company  C,  Twenty-fifth  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry,  under  Col.  George 
A.  Stone.  He  served  sixteen  months,  and  was  then  discharged  on 
account  of  disability.  He  was  at  the  battles  of  Arkansas  Post,  Vicks- 
burg,  Jackson  and  others,  and  for  three  months  was  in  the  hospital 
at  Jefferson  Barracks.     In  1869  he  came  to  Harrison  County,   Mo., 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  649 

and  clerked 'for  J.  H.  Burrows  three  years,  since  which  time  he  has 
been  alternately  engaged  in  farming  and  merchandising.  At  one  time 
he  had  a  drug  store,  and  in  1SS5  opened  a  general  mercantile  store, 
the  firm  now  being  known  as  Wickersham  &  McDonald.  W.  G.  Mc- 
Donald became  his  partner  in  1885,  and  they  carry  a  good  stock  for 
a  town  of  this  size.  Mr.  Wickersham  is  also  connected  with  a  saw- 
mill near  the  town,  and  owns  real  estate  and  a  nice  residence  here. 
In  February,  1871,  he  married  Miss  Susan  J.  Woodward,  daughter  of 
Rev.  John  Woodward,  which  union  has  been  blessed  with  four  chil- 
dren :  Minnie  R. ,  Grace,  Pearl  O.  and  Susie  A.  He  is  a  charter  mem- 
ber of  the  I.  O.  0.  F.,  and  belongs  to  the  G.  A.  R.  Mrs.  Wicker- 
sham is  united  with  the  Baptist  Church. 

Walter  J.  Wightman  was  born  in  London,  England,  September 
16,  1845,  and  came  to  the  United  States  in  December,  1863.  He  was 
united  in  marriage  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  March  11,  1865,  to  Isabelle 
Freeman,  and  in  1869  came  west,  and  farmed  for  a  few  months  in  Gar- 
den Grove,  Iowa.  In  November,  1870,  he  engaged  in  the  newspaper 
business  at  Garden  Grove,  and  in  July,  1874,  removed  to  Eagleville, 
Mo. ,  where  he  started  the  first  paper  ever  published  in  that  town. 
In  January,  1883,  he  removed  to  Bethany,  and  started  the  Bethany 
Clipper,  which  he  conducted  until  December  12,  1887,  when  it  was 
consolidated  with  the  Bethany  Republican,  of  which  paper  he  is  now 
assistant  editor  and  business  manager,  the  paper  being  owned  by  a 
company  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State. 

J.  P.  Wilkinson,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Knox  County,  Ohio,  in  1826,  and 
in  the  fall  of  1838  moved  to  Southern  Missouri,  where  he  lived  in  Ver- 
non, St.  Clair  and  Cedar  Counties.  In  the  spring  of  1846  he  came  to 
Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  located  two  miles  south  of  Bethany  on  the 
Gallatin  road,  where  he  owns  a  splendidly  improved  farm  of  100  acres, 
which  is  the  result  of  his  own  unassisted  toil,  as  he  began  life  a  poor 
young  man  at  the  age  of  twenty.  In  1851  he  married  Miss  Mary  E. 
Dale,  daughter  of  James  A.  Dale,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  who  moved 
to  Cass  County,  Mo.,  in  1840,  and  came  to  Harrison  County  in  1845. 
To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wilkinson  nine  children  were  born:  Minerva  E., 
Charlotte  J. ,  John  P. ,  William  M. ,  James  A. ,  Sarah  E. ,  Rachel  E. , 
Charles  A.  and  Walter  S.  Mrs.  Wilkinson  died  in  1873,  aged  thirty- 
seven  years;  she  had  for  years  been  a  member  of  the  Christian 
Church.  Mr.  Wilkinson  is  a  Republican,  and  cast  his  first  presiden- 
tial vote  for  Gen.  Cass.  During  the  war  he  served  in  the  State 
Militia.  He  is  the  fourth  of  seven  childi-en  born  to  Solomon  and 
Charlotte  (Packard)  Wilkinson,  natives   of  Dutchess  County,  N.  Y. , 


650  HABBISON   COUNTY. 

and  Vermont,  respectively.  The  father  was  a  drum  major  in  the  "War 
of  1812,  and  was  quite  prominently  connected  with  the  difPerent  coun- 
ties in  which  he  resided.  He  was  a  son  of  Thomas  Wilkinson,  a 
native  of  England  and  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  Mrs. 
(charlotte  Wilkinson  was  a  daughter  of  John  Packard,  also  a  native  of 
England  and  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution.  Both  the  maternal  and 
paternal  grandfathers  of  our  subject  were  farmers. 

Lewis  Williams  was  born  in  Giles  County,  W.  Va. ,  November  9, 
1823.  His  father,  Larkin  \Yilliams  was  also  a  native  of  Virginia, 
where  he  grew  to  manhood  and  married  Rhoda  Cook,  likewise  of 
that  State.  He  was  a  successful  farmer  in  Giles  County  (now  Sumner), 
and  died  about  1858.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  for 
his  services  received  a  land  warrant.  Six  sons  and  one  daughter 
grew  to  maturity  and  all  of  the  sons  are  now  living.  Lewis  Williams 
is  the  third  son,  and  grew  to  manhood  upon  his  father's  farm  in  Vir- 
ginia. November  9,  1848,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Cadle,  daughter  of 
William  Cadle,  a  native  of  North  Carolina.  Mrs.  Williams  was  born 
in  Sumner  County,  Va.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Williams  farmed  five 
years  in  his  native  county  and  in  the  fall  of  1853  settled  in  Hancock 
County,  Ind.  Sixteen  months  later  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1855  located  in  Harrison  County  upon  the  land,  where  he  now 
resides.  He  has  since  bought  thirty  acres,  and  now  owns  290  acres  in 
meadow,  pasture  and  plow  lands.  He  lives  in  a  nice  house,  sur- 
rounded by  good  outbuildings,  and  a  finely  bearing  orchard  of  about 
1,000  trees  of  select  varieties.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams  have  reared  a 
family  of  three  children:  Virginia  E.  (wife  of  Robert  Boyd),  Alex- 
ander and  Mary.  Mrs.  Williams  is  a  worthy  member  of  the  Method- 
ist Episcopal  Church  South.  Mr.  Williams  is  a  Democrat  but  has 
never  sought  or  held  office. 

James  C.  Wilson,  attorney  at  law,  was  born  in  Delaware  County, 
Ohio,  November  22,  1858,  and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  D.  and  Mary 
(Boyd)  Wilson,  natives  of  Ohio.  James  C.  lived  with  his  parents  in 
his  native  State  until  1873,  and  diu-ing  this  time  secured  a  good  En- 
glish education.  His  father  having  met  with  financial  reverses  James 
was  obliged  to  depend  upon  himself,  and  consequently  went  to  Michi- 
gan, where  he  spent  two  years  in  the  lumber  business.  In  September, 
1877,  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  began  the  study  of  law  at  Maryville, 
under  Messrs.  Dawson  &  Roseberry,  the  former  of  whom  is  now 
United  States  district  judge  for  Alaska  Territory.  Mr.  Wilson  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Grant  City,  Mo.,  in  April,  1880,  having  accu- 
mulated the  means  to  complete  his  legal  studies  by  teaching  school. 


BIOGBAPHICAL  APPENDIX.  651 

He  arrived  in  Bethany,  in  May,  1880,  and  has  since  practiced  his 
profession  with  success  at  this  place.  In  1882  he  was  elected  prose- 
cuting attorney  for  Harrison  County,  and  served  as  such  for  one  term 
of  two  years.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  the  fact  is  worthy 
of  mention  that  he  is  the  only  Democrat  elected  to  a  county  office 
since  the  organization  of  Harrison  County.  September  28,  1883,  he 
married  Miss  Alice  Turner,  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  daughter  of 
the  late  Robert  Turner  of  this  county.  Mr.  Wilson  and  wife  have 
two  children:  Carl  and  Dockery.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  member  of  the  K. 
of  P.  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising  legal  practitioners  of  the  city. 

Edward  H.  Wimer  was  born  in  Rockland  County,  N.  Y.,  June 
20,  1823,  and  is  the  son  of  Michael  and  Hannah  (Belcher)  Wimer, 
natives  of  New  York  State,  and  of  German,  English  and  Irish 
descent.  They  were  married  in  1821,  and  located  at  Ramapo,  Rock- 
land County,  where  they  made  their  home  until  1835.  They  then  set- 
tled in  Oakland  County,  Mich.,  upon  a  farm,  and  in  1841  moved  to 
Indiana,  in  which  State  the  father  died  in  1845  when  living  in  Carroll 
County.  The  mother  is  now  living  in  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  at  the 
advanced  age  of  eighty-four.  The  father  was  a  Whig  in  politics,  and 
in  religion  a  convert  to  the  Lutheran  Church.  The  mother  is  a  Meth- 
odist Episcopal.  Edward  H.  is  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  seven 
children,  and  was  principally  reared  upon  a  farm.  He  received  a 
high-school  education,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  left  the  paternal 
roof,  and  served  an  a  pprenticeship  of  three  years  with  Orice  C.  Rice, 
of  Detroit,  Mich.,  at  the  millwright  trade.  He  returned  home  in 
1841,  but  subsequently  immigrated  with  his  parents  to  Northern 
Indiana,  and  to  Southern  Indiana  in  the  spring  of  1848,  where  he 
worked  at  millwrighting  and  farming  seven  years.  In  the  spring 
of  1855  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  was  an  early 
settler.  While  in  Vanderbui'g  County,  Ind.,  he  served  four  years  as 
county  surveyor,  but  since  coming  to  Missouri  has  devoted  his  time 
entirely  to  farming,  stock  raising  and  the  carpenter  and  millwright 
trade.  April  6,  1846,  he  wedded  Miss  Lucinda  Stanley,  a  native  of 
Indiana,  which  marriage  has  been  blessed  with  eleven  children — three 
sons  and  eight  daughters.  Two  of  the  former  and  four  of  the  latter 
are  now  deceased.  Mr.  Wimer  is  one  of  the  highly  esteemed  and 
well-to-do  citizens  of  the  county,  and  himself  and  his  worthy  wife  are 
active  church  members,  belonging  to  the  Methodist  and  United  Breth- 
ren Churches,  respectively.  In  1861  he  served  in  the  State  Militia 
during  the  late  war  in  the  capacity  of  a  detective  and  spy  for  the  pro- 
vost-marshal of  St.  Joseph,  Leon  and  Bethany. 


652  HABKISON   COCNTY. 

F.  M.  Winningliam,  M.  D.,  a  native  of  Bethany  Township,  was 
born  in  1846,  and  is  the  son  of  'William  S.  and  Melinda  (Miller) 
Winningham,  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  respectively,  who  accom- 
panied their  parents  to  Missouri  when  children,  their  marriage  occur- 
ring in  Ray  County,  Mo.  Abotit  1842  they  went  to  Harrison  County, 
where  Mrs.  Winningham  still  lives.  Her  husband  went  to  California 
about  1849,  and  on  his  return  home  was  supposed  to  have  been  mur- 
dered. He  was  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church,  while  his  wife  is 
a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South.  The  Doctor  at 
the  age  of  nineteen,  having  thus  far  had  limited  opportunities  for 
education,  began  the  study  of  medicine.  After  three  years'  hard  study, 
applying  himself  to  his  books  almost  day  and  night,  getting  what 
instructions  he  could  from  Drs.  Bush  and  Roberts,  he  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession,  locating  at  Martinsville,  where  he  soon 
established  a  large  practice.  He  graduated  at  the  Eclectic  Medical 
Institute  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  The  Doctor  lived  nine  years  in  Martins- 
ville, then  went  to  Lorraine,  forming  a  partnership  with  Dr.  Burgin, 
and  in  1883  went  to  Brooklyn,  Mo.,  where  he  located,  and  soon  estab- 
lished an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice,  which  has  so  increased 
that  in  1887  he  was  obliged  to  take  a  partner,  Dr.  F.  G.  Mearj-. 
The  Doctor  was  married  in  1869  to  Miss  Sarah  E. ,  daughter  of  Jesse 
M.  and  Sarah  M.  Woodward,  early  settlers  in .  Missouri  though  for- 
merly of  Virginia;  this  union  has  resulted  in  three  children:  John  J., 
Allie  M.  and  Mary  J.  Politically  he  is  a  Conservative  Democrat,  but 
cast  his  first  vote  for  Gen.  Grant.  Both  himself  and  wife  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  South,  and  are  highly 
esteemed  by  all  who  know  them.  The  Doctor  is  a  self-made  man, 
and  in  his  profession  stands  second  to  none  in  his  coimty. 

Ananias  F.  Woodruff,  of  Bethany,  Mo.,  was  born  in  Scioto 
County,  Ohio,  December  11,  1848,  and  is  a  son  of  Ananias  S.  and 
Martha  (McCall)  Woodruff.  His  father  was  twice  married,  the  first 
time  to  Sarah  Evans,  and  the  second  to  Martha  McCall.  Of  the  first 
marriage  there  were  five  children:  Viola  A.  (widow  of  Levi  Stover), 
Esther  J.,  Evans  S.,  Nancy  J.  (who  man-ied  William  C.  Frazee), 
Ketturah  F.  (widow  of  A.  J.  Tucker),  Ellen  (who  married  S.  H. 
Pierce);  and  of  the  second  marriage,  two  children,  Ananias  F.  and 
Emma.  Four  of  these  childi-en,  Evans  S.,  Nancy  J.,  Ellen  and 
Emma,  are  now  dead.  Ananias  F.  was  left  an  orphan  at  the  age  of 
five  years  by  the  death  of  his  mother,  his  father  having  died  three 
years  before  her.  At  the  age  of  ten  years,  in  1858,  he  removed  to 
Harrison  County,  Mo.,  in  company  with  his  sister,   Ketturah  F.,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  653 

her  husband,  A.  J.  Tucker,  in  whose  family  he  grew  to  manhood. 
He  was  without  an  estate,  and  the  relatives  with  whom  he  lived  were 
very  poor,  but  he  managed  to  secure  a  good  common-school  and 
academic  education,  and  in  1868  began  school  teaching,  which  occu- 
pation he  followed  for  three  years.  About  the  year  1872  he  began  the 
study  of  law  at  home,  and  afterward  continued  the  study  to  better 
purpose,  first  in  the  office  of  Hyde  &  Orton,  and  then  with  C.  M. 
"Wright,  attorneys  of  Princeton,  Mercer  Co.,  Mo.,  where,  in  1877, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  Mercer  County  bar.  In  November,  1879,  he 
formed  a  law  partnership  with  D.  S.  Alvord,  of  Bethany,  Mo.,  to 
which  place  he  then  removed,  and  where  he  has  since  lived  and  suc- 
cessfully practiced  his  profession.  October  7,  1878,  he  married  Alice 
E.  Lewis,  a  native  of  Bethany,  Mo. ,  and  a  daughter  of  the  late  Judge 
William  G.  Lewis,  of  that  place.  Politically  Mr.  Woodruff  is  a 
Republican,  but  very  liberal  in  his  views,  and  in  no  sense  an  active 
partisan.  He  is  a  well-to-do  man,  owning  real  estate  in  Bethany,  and 
being  one  of  the  directors  and  stock  holders  of  Bethany  Savings  Bank. 
Rev.  John  Woodward  was  born  in  Jennings  County,  Ind. ,  January 
11,  1821,  and  is  a  son  of  Chesley  and  Elizabeth  (Blankinship)  Wood- 
ward [see  sketch].  Our  subject  is  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  ten  chil- 
dren, six  of  whom  are  living,  and  was  reared  in  his  native  county 
until  twelve  years  of  age.  He  then  accompanied  the  family  to  Decatur 
County,  Ind.,  where  he  reached  manhood,  and  married  Julia  Ann 
Kennedy,  a  native  of  New  York  State,  but  reared  in  Jennings  County, 
Ind.  Mr.  Woodward  then  farmed  in  Indiana  until  his  removal  to  Har- 
rison County,  Mo. ,  in  1847,  where  he  has  since  resided,  half  a  mile  east 
of  Cainesville.  Shortly  after  his  marriage  Mr.  Woodward  united  with 
the  Baptist  Church,  and  in  February,  18-19,  received  his  license  to 
preach,  being  ordained  May  20,  18-19.  Since  that  time  he  has  devoted 
a  great  portion  of  his  time  to  that  high  calling,  and  has  also  done  a 
great  amount  of  missionary  work.  During  the  war  he  served  in  the 
Third  Missouri  State  MUitia  under  Col.  King,-  and  participated  in  the 
battle  at  Springfield,  besides  many  secondary  skirmishes.  He  is 
one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  the  country,  and  owns  200  acres  of  well 
improved  land  upon  which  he  lives  a  retired  life,  preaching  now  but 
occasionally.  To  himself  and  wife  nine  children  have  been  born,  six 
of  whom  are  living:  Ralph  O. ;  Rhoda  B. ;  wife  of  Robert  Wilson  of 
Cainesville ;  Susan  J. ,  wife  of  L.  M.  Wickersham ;  Chesley  B. ;  Cath- 
erine, wife  of  J.  W.  Burton,  and  Nancy  E.,  wife  of  T.  J.  Harris. 
The  father  of  Mr.  Woodward  spent  his  entire  life  in  the  ministry  after 
becoming  grown,  and  after  a  long  life  of  good  works  died  in  February, 
1877. 


654  HARRISON   COUNTY. 

C.  B.  Woodward  is  a  son  of  Rev.  John  and  Julia  Ann  (Kennedy) 
Woodward,  natives  of  Indiana  and  New  York,  respectively.  The 
father  spends  the  gi'eater  part  of  his  life  attending  to  ministerial 
duties,  but  in  connection  with  same  conducts  a  large  and  well-improved 
farm  of  200  acres,  arid  is  the  owner  of  other  real  estate.  The  mother 
was  reared  in  Indiana,  whither  she  went  in  an  early  day,  and  in  1847 
emigrated  with  her  husband  to  Missouri,  where  C.  B.  Woodward  was 
born,  July  29,  1849.  John  Woodward  was  a  soldier  in  the  Rebellion, 
serving  in  the  Third  Missouri  Cavalry  of  which  he  was  chaplain.  To 
himself  and  wife  nine  children  have  been  born,  six  of  whom  are  living: 
Ralph  O. ,  Chesley  B. ,  Rhoda  B. ,  Susan  J. ,  Eliza  C.  and  Nancy  J. 
The  father  of  John  Woodward  was  a  Baptist  minister  during  his  entire 
life.  C.  B.  Woodward  made  his  home  with  his  parents  upon  their 
farm  in  Harrison  County  until  his  marriage,  and  in  his  youth  received 
but  a  limited  education.  He  married  Rebecca  Ann  Cain,  a  native  of 
Mercer  County,  and  daughter  of  Peter  Cain,  an  early  settler  of  Mercer 
County.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Woodward  engaged  in  farming 
several  years,  then  taught  school,  and  afterward  engaged  in  the  drug 
business  four  years  in  Cainesville,  the  firm  being  known  as  W  ic  kersham, 
Woodward  &  Co.  He  afterward  became  the  cashier  of  the  Cainesville 
Bank  which  position  he  is  now  filling  eiBciently.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wood- 
ward were  united  in  marriage  October  20,  1869,  and  their,  union  has 
been  blessed  with  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  living:  Rosa  O., 
Hiigh  C,  Norvill  H.,  Earl  C.  and  Lena  G.  Mr.  Woodward  is  a  suc- 
cessful business  man,  and  the  owner  of  over  1,000  acres  of  good  land 
in  Harrison  and  Mercer  Counties,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  im- 
proved. In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity. 

Robert  H.  Wren,  senior  member  of  the  well-known  firm  of  Wren 
&  Cumming,  merchants  of  Bethany,  was  born  in  Barren  County,  Ky., 
August  5,  1847,  and  is  a  son  of  Isaac  N.  and  Amelia  (Depp)  Wren, 
natives  of  Kentuclcy.  The  father  immigrated  to  Missouri  in  1854,  and 
resided  in  Pettis  and  Jackson  Counties  until  1860,  when  he  removed 
to  Daviess  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  resided  until  the  fall  of  1866.  He 
then  removed  to  Martinsville,  where  he  died  September  13,  1885,  leaving 
the  following  children:  William  I.,  of  Colorado;  Trescinda  M.,  wife  of 
H.  W.  Gilbert;  Martha  F.,  wife  of  Dr.  W.  L.  Rucker,  and  Robert  H. 
The  latter  was  reared  in  the  mercantile  business,  and  clerked  two 
years  in  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  prior  to  coming  to  this  county  in  1869.  He 
then  assisted  his  father  at  Martinsville,  and  then  embarked  in  business 
for  himself  at  Eagleville,  where  he  remained  until   1880.     He  then 


li 


BIOGEAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  655 

started  in  business  at  Bethany,  and  the  following  year  took  Mr.  Gum- 
ming into  partnership  with  him.  May  26,  IST-t,  he  married  Ella  M. 
Scheaffer,  a  native  of  Decatur  County,  Iowa,  and  daughter  of  Tally  B. 
Scheaffer,  of  Eagleville.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  six  chil- 
dren: Manly,  Bert,  Rolph,  Robert  H.,  Charles  F.  and  Ina  M.  Mr. 
Wren  is  a  Republican  and  chairman  of  the  Republican  Central  Com- 
mittee of  the  county.  He  is  a  Select  Knight  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 
During  the  war  he  served  as  non-commissioned  officer  in  Company  H, 
Forty-third  Missouri  Infantry,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. 

Andrew  Cumming,  the  junior  member  of  the  above  firm,  was  born 
near  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  December  29,  1842,  and  is  a  son  of  Alex- 
ander and  Agnes  (Wilson)  Cumming,  also  natives  of  Scotland,  where 
the  father  died  when  Andrew  was  quite  young.  In  September,  1852, 
the  mother,  with  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  came  to  the  United 
States,  and  located  in  Pennsylvania,  where  the  family  was  reared, 
after  which  Andrew  and  others  of  the  family  went  to  Illinois.  In  1877 
Mr.  Cumming  came  to  Bethany,  and  has  since  been  a  resident  of  this 
county,  where  the  following  members  of  the  family  also  live:  John 
W. ,  Thompson,  Mrs.  Scott  Peacock,  and  Mrs.  Jeanette  Reid  (wife  of 
George  Reid).  Andrew  was  employed  in  the  mercantile  business 
about  five  years  previous  to  coming  to  Bethany,  after  which  he  clerked 
here  three  years,  and  then  in  1881  became  the  partner  of  Mr.  Wren. 
He  married  Isabelle  T.  Brown,  a  native  of  Pottsville,  Penn. ,  by  whom 
he  has  had  the  following  children:  Williamena,  wife  of  Charles  Sherer, 
and  Alexander  Scott.  Mr.  Cumming  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and  a 
member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W.  Messrs.  Wren  &  Cumming  are  whole- 
sale and  retail  dealers  in  dry  goods,  clothing,  hats,  caps,  boots,  shoes, 
carpets,  iipholstery,  etc. ,  and  carry  a  complete  line  of  general  mer- 
chandise. The  store  building  is  of  brick,  and  consists  of  two  stores, 
connected  together  by  an  archway;  it  is  two  stories  in  height,  and  is 
owned  by  the  firm. 

R.  R.  Young  was  born  in  Blount  County.  Tenn.,  November  22, 
1829,  and  his  parents,  Jeremiah  S.  and  Ruth  (Boring)  Young,  were 
also  natives  of  that  State  and  county.  The  family  moved  from  Ten- 
nessee and  located  in  Bond  County,  HI.,  in  March,  1831,  and  there 
remained  until  1838,  when  they  made  their  home  in  Jackson  County, 
Mo. .  for  four  years,  after  which  they  moved  to  White  Oak  Township, 
Harrison  County,  near  the  present  residence  of  R.  R.  Young.  There 
the  father  pre-empted  and  improved  one-fourth  of  a  section  of  land, 
upon  which  he  lived  until  his  death,  December  12,  1882.  In  1838 
he  joined  the  United  States  Rangers  under  Capt.  Duncan,  and  for  his 


656  HAEEISON   COUNTY. 

services  received  a  land  warrant  for  160  acres  in  Section  32,  vrhere 
one  son  now  resides.  Of  a  family  of  nine  children  who  grew  to 
maturity,  three  sons  and  three  daughters  are  now  living,  of  whom  E. 
R.  and  one  brother  are  residents  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.  E.  R. 
Young  grew  to  manhood  in  this  county,  and  was  here  married  Jan- 
uary 12,  1854,  to  Lydia  Jones,  daughter  of  Jacob  Jones,  of  Gentry 
County,  who  moved  from  Pennsylvania  to  Ohio,  and  fi'om  there  to 
Gentry  County,  and  is  now  a  resident  of  the  town  of  Albany.  Mrs. 
Young  was  born  in  Ohio,  but  pvassed  the  greater  part  of  her  youth  in 
Gentry  County,  and  is  the  mother  of  the  following  children:  Lucy 
D.,  a  county  teacher;  Jacob  S.,  of  Oregon;  Temelia  L.,  wife  of 
Albert  Morgan,  of  Gentry  County;  James  G.,  of  Southern  Kansas; 
Robert  R.,  married,  and  a  county  teacher;  Ella  E.,  wife  of  Samuel 
R.  McNaght.  Mr.  Young  bought  the  land  upon  which  he  lives  in 
1851,  but  improved  it  only  slightly  until  after  his  marriage.  He  has 
since  added  to  his  original  possession  until  he  now  owns  265  acres,  all 
fenced  and  improved  with  good  buildings,  and  a  large  two-story  resi- 
dence nearly  new.  In  1873  he  visited  California,  and  spent  the  sum- 
mer in  looking  around  the  country,  and  in  1883  went  to  Oregon,  where 
he  located  some  land,  and  spent  the  summer.  He  is  a  Republican  in 
politics,  and  in  creed  his  wife  is  a  Presbyterian. 

Franklin  B.  Young,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Section  32,  Town- 
ship 63,  Range  29,  was  born  ia  Cass  County,  Mo.,  May  2,  1839,  and 
is  a  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Ruth  Young,  and  a  brother  of  R.  R. 
Young.  He  passed  his  youth  upon  his  father's  farm  in  Harrison 
County.  October  4,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  militia,  in  which  lie 
served  until  discharged  July  13,  1864,  after  which  he  enlisted  in  the 
Forty-third  Missouri  Infantry,  and  served  until  the  29th  of  May, 
1865,  when  he  was  discharged  at  St.  Louis  as  a  non-commissioned 
officer.  While  he  was  at  St.  Joseph  with  a  part  of  the  command 
nearly  all  of  his  regiment  was  captured  at  Glascow.  December  21, 
1862,  he  was  married  in  Harrison  County, Mo., to  Cassandra  A.  McGee, 
daughter  of  Madison  and  Catherine  McGee.  Mrs.  Young  was  bora 
in  Kentucky,  but  when  young  accompanied  her  parents  to  Har- 
rison County,  where  she  was  reared.  After  his  marriage  Mr. 
Young  settled  upon  the  place  where  he  now  resides,  which  was  then 
but  slightly  improved,  and  which  is  the  land  his  father  entered 
with  a  land  warrant  from  the  Government.  Mr.  Young  now  owns 
396  acres  all  fenced,  200  of  which  are  devoted  to  meadow,  pas- 
ture and  plow  land.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  as  such  has  served 
three  terms  as  township  trustee.    He  is  a  member  of  Lieut.  T.  D.  Neal 


BIOGKAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  657 

Post,  G.  A.  E. ,  at  Bethany.  To  Mi-,  and  Mrs.  Young  the  following 
children  have  been  born:  Jane  E.  (county  teacher),  Susan  A.  (wife  of 
L.  D.  Dailey),  H.  A.,  Ruth  M.,  Colmore  H.,  Harvey  J.,  Chester  S., 
Garner  F.,  Asa  D.  and  Ospha  C. 

William  S.  Young,  a  leading  farmer  of  Harrison  County,  was  born 
in  Clinton  County,  Ky. ,  June  15,  1844,  and  was  the  ninth  of  ten  chil- 
di'en  of  Andrew  and  Edith  (Smith)  Young.  His  parents  were  natives 
of  Kentucky  and  North  Carolina  respectively,  but  were  maiTied  in 
Kentucky,  to  which  State  the  mother  accompanied  her  parents  when  a 
child.  After  their  marriage  they  came  to  Clinton  County,  and  the 
father  engaged  in  farming  until  his  death  in  1846.  The  mother  is 
still  living  in  the  same  county.  William  S.  remained  with  his  mother 
until  nineteen  years  of  age,  when  he  accompanied  his  brothers  to 
Worth  County,  and  lived  with  them  for  the  next  four  years,  chiefly 
engaged  in  farming.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  married  and  settled 
on  a  tract  of  land  in  the  same  county,  where  he  remained  until  April, 
1872,  when  he  removed  to  Jasper  County,  of  the  same  State,  living  here, 
however,  but  a  short  time;  he  made  his  final  move  to  Harrison  Coun- 
ty, in  March,  1873,  and  settled  upon  the  farm  he  had  piu'chased, 
situated  in  Section  31,  Township  65  north.  Range  29  west,  and  where 
he  has  since  resided.  Serefta  Jane,  daughter  of  Moses  Darrel  and 
Rachel  (Carpenter)  Darrel,  and  widow  of  Samuel  Van  Meter,  was 
born  in  1842,  in  Missouri,  and  was  married  to  Samuel  Van  Meter, 
November  21,  1861,  in  Worth  County.  Her  husband  died  while  in 
service  at  St.  Louis,  the  widow  afterward  becoming  the  wife  of  Mr. 
Young,  February  22,  1866,  in  Worth  County.  By  her  first  marriage 
there  was  one  child,  Samuel  B.  Van  Meter,  and  the  second  union  has 
been  blessed  with  eight  children:  Mollie  Isabel,  David  S.,  Frances 
Elizabeth,  William  Daniel,  Owen  Newton,  Rosa  Clementine,  Euphe- 
mia  May  and  Viola  Victoria.  Mr.  Young  politically  is  a  Democrat, 
and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Horatio  Seymour  in  1868; 
while  he  has  always  been  a  hearty  supporter  of  his  party  he  has  never 
been  an  aspirant  for  office,  though  he  served  as  trustee  of  Washington 
Township  for  two  years.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  ever  been 
an  enterprising  business  man,  and  as  a  result  of  his  persistent  efforts 
now  owns  a  good  farm  of  over  133  acres,  the  most  of  which  is  in  a  good 
state  of  cultivation.  He  is  respected  by  all  who  know  him.  and  is  in 
every  sense  of  the  word  a  representative  citizen.  Mr.  Young  and 
wife  are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  always  give  their  hearty 
support  to  all  church  and  educational  enterprises. 

Justin  L.   Young,   junior  member  of   the  firm  of  Young   Bros., 


658  HARBISON    COUNTY. 

general  merchants  at  Blythedale,  Harrison  Co.,  Mo.,  was  born  in 
Canada,  near  Chatham,  February  2,  1851,  and  is  a  son  of  William  and 
Amelia  (Coon)  Young.  The  father  is  of  Irish-English  descent,  and 
the  mother's  ancestors  came  from  Scotland.  Both  Mr.  and  Sirs. 
Young  were  bom  in  Canada,  and  about  1866  moved  to  the  United 
States,  settling  in  Illinois.  Two  years  later  they  moved  to  Decatur 
County,  Iowa,  where  they  now  live,  aged  seventy-two  and  sixty  seven, 
respectively.  The  father  is  a  Republican  and  a  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  while  the  mother  belongs  to  the  Missionary 
Baptist  Church.  Justin  L.  is  the  fifth  of  seven  children,  and  was 
reared  upon  a  farm,  receiving  his  education  in  Canada  and  Iowa.  In 
1879  he  came  to  Harrison  County,  Mo. ,  and  for  two  years  himself  and 
brother,  Philip,  engaged  in  the  cattle  business  at  Blythedale.  In  1881 
they  established  their  present  business,  and  now  conduct  a  general 
store  in  connection  with  a  lumber  and  grain  business.  For  the  past 
two  years  they  have  dealt  in  stallions  and  now  have  a  fine  Norman  and 
two  fine  Clydesdale.  March  20,  1881,  Justin  L.  Young  wedded  Miss 
Flora  B.  Anderson,  a  native  of  this  county,  and  born  November  9, 
1861.  Her  parents,  William  and  Malinda  (Hicks)  Anderson,  were 
born  January  11,  1809,  in  Kentucky,  and  April  11,  1842,  in  Indiana, 
respectively.  In  early  life  they  accompanied  their  parents  to  Mis- 
souri, and  were  married  in  Harrison  County,  July  27,  1860,  and  then 
lived  upon  a  farm  here  until  their  respective  deaths,  August  11,  1883, 
and  August  15,  1885.  Mr.  Anderson  was  a  Democrat  in  politics. 
To  jMr.  and  Mi's.  Young,  one  daughter,  Telvir,  was  born  September 
2,  1884.     Mr.  Young  is  a  Republican  in  politics. 

John  W.  Yowell  was  born  in  Monroe  County,  Mo.,  August  22, 
1843.  His  father,  William  P.,  was  a  pioneer  settler  of  Missouri, 
having  come  to  Monroe  County  over  half  a  century  ago,  and  is  now 
one  of  the  highly  respected  and  well-to-do  farmers  of  that  county. 
He  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  his  wife,  Anna  (Bybee)  Yowell,  is  a 
native  of  Kentucky.  John  W.  was  reared  to  manhood  in  his  native 
county,  and  secured  a  good  education,  most  of  which  was  obtained  at 
Quincy,  111.  He  embarked  in  mercantile  life  in  his  native  county  in 
1866,  and  then  taught  school  for  a  number  of  years.  In  July,  1882, 
he  came  to  Bethany,  and  was  for  two  years  the  efiicient  principal  of 
the  Bethany  high  school.  In  the  fall  of  1885  he  engaged  in  his  pres- 
ent mercantile  business  in'  the  Athaneum  Building,  where  he  carries 
a  full  and  well  selected  stock  of  di-y  goods,  clothing,  notions  and 
staple  groceries.  December  25,  1882,  he  married  Mrs.  Hattie  J.  (Long) 
Neal,  a  native  of  Brown  County,  III.     He  is  independent  in  politics, 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  659 

and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the 
Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church,  and  are  well-respected  citizens  of 
Bethany. 

F.  Zimmerman,  a  prosperous  farmer  of  Harrison  County,  was  born 
April  14,  1825,  in  Davis  County,  N.  C,  and  is  a  son  of  Christian  and 
Sarah  Zimmerman.  His  parents  were  probably  natives  of  the  same 
State,  were  married  there,  and  lived  only  until  our  subject  was  eight 
years  of  age.  From  this  time  he  was  wholly  compelled  to  support 
himself;  worked  with  several  different  persons  in  his  native  State 
until  twenty  years  old,  when  he  proceeded  westward,  locating  in  Han- 
cock County,  Ind. ;  remained  there  a  few  months,  then  moving  on  to 
Rush  County  of  the  same  State,  where  he  lived  a  short  time,  when  he 
once  more  moved  on,  and  farmed  and  worked  in  timber  in  Hendricks, 
Putnam  and  Boone  Counties,  in  the  fall  of  which  year  he  moved  his 
family  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  Previous  to  his  departiu'e  from 
Indiana  in  1857  he  married  Phoebe,  daughter  of  Lorenzo  Dow  and 
Margaret  Wright,  and  who  was  born  in  Virginia,  about  1830.  She 
accompanied  her  parents  to  Indiana  when  a  small  child,  and  remained 
there  until  her  marriage.  The  union  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Zimmerman 
has  been  blessed  with  nine  children:  Sarah  (wife  of  William  Jordan), 
John  Franklin,  Nelson,  Thomas,  Nancy  (wife  of  William  Long),  Maggie 
(wife  of  Eli  Cm  km  ore),  Amanda,  Mary  and  Reuben.  During  the  late  war 
Mr.  Zimmerman  served  in  the  State  Militia,  and  is  a  Democrat  polit- 
ically, casting  his  first  vote  for  the  Democratic  candidate  in  1848.  He 
and  his  wife  are  worthy  members  of  the  Methodist  Church,  and  are  ear- 
nest workers  in  all  educational  or  church  undertakings.  Mr.  Zimmer- 
man is  in  every  sense  of  the  word  a  self-made  man.  Starting  in  life  with 
comparatively  no  education,  thrown  entirely  upon  his  own  resources, 
he  has  by  long  continued  and  persistent  efforts  become  a  wealthy  and 
influential  citizen  of  the  county,  and  is  the  owner  of  a  fine  farm  of 
240  acres,  situated  in  Section  16,  Township  65  north,  Range  29  west. 
When  he  first  located  on  this  tract  of  land  it  was  wholly  uncultivated, 
but  he  has  succeeded  in  bringing  it  to  its  present  state  of  perfection. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  661 


MEKCEE    COUNTY. 

Capt.  H.  J.  Alley  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Ind.,  May  29, 
1833,  and  in  childhood  was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Madison  County, 
111.,  where  they  resided  four  years.  In  1846  they  immigrated  to 
Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  locatii^  at  the  present  site  of  Marion.  Here  H. 
J.  was  reared  upon  the  farm  until  the  commencement  of  the  war,  when 
he  enlisted  in  the  Fifth  Kansas  Cavalry,  and  served  about  one  year  as 
second  lieutenant  of  Company  B,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  he 
resigned  on  account  of  poor  health,  and  retiu-ned  home.  He  afterward 
commanded  Company  I,  Fourth  Missouri  Provisional  Regiment,  East 
Missouri  Militia,  about  one  year,  and  January  18,  1865,  began  to  dis- 
charge the  duties  of  sheriff  of  Mercer  County,  which  office  he  filled  four 
years.  His  education  was  principally  received  at  the  common  schools 
of  the  county,  but  in  early  manhood  he  commenced  the  study  of  law, 
and  after  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868,  he  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  March,  1869,  which  he  has  since  continued  in  Princeton. 
For  two  years  he  served  his  county  as  prosecuting  attorney.  Margaret 
Ellen  Brewer,  a  native  of  Illinois,  became  his  wife  in  1857,  and  died 
October  20,  1883.  He  afterward  married  Mrs.  Lucy  Price,  nee  Eob- 
ertson,  of  Grundy  County,  Mo.  The  Captain  is  a  Free  Mason  and  a 
member  of  the  G.  A.  E.  The  Alley  family  emigrated  from  England 
to  Virginia  during  the  early  history  of  that  State,  and  the  paternal 
grandfather,  Peter,  was  born  in  Russell  County,  of  that  State,  partic- 
ipated in  the  War  of  1812,  and  died  in  Chariton  County,  Mo.  Will- 
iam, the  father,  was  also  a  native  of  Russell  County,  Va.,  and  born  in 
1809.  When  three  years  old  he  was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Franklin 
County,  Ind.,  and  in  1840  moved  to  Illinois,  and  from  there  to  Mis- 
souri in  1846.  He  was  a  county  judge  and  justice  of  the  peace  of 
Mercer  County  for  many  years,  and  died  in  1873.  His  wife  and  the 
mother  of  our  subject,  Mary  Alley,  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  the  mother 
of  five  sons  and  three  daughters,  of  whom  the  Captain  is  the  eldest, 
and  died  in  Mercer  County  in  1882.  William  H. ,  a  brother  of  our 
subject,  was  wounded  at  Helena  during  the  war,  and  died  from  the 
effects  in  1863.     One  sister  is  also  dead. 

James  M.  Alley,  clerk  of  Mercer  County,  is  a  native  of  Mercer 


662  MERGER   COUNTY. 

County,  and  was  born  May  17,  1848.  He  is  a  son  of  William  and 
Mary  (Jones)  Alley  [see  sketch  of  Caj)t.  H.  J.  Alley],  and  was  reared 
to  manhood  under  the  paternal  roof.  He  received  a  common  English 
education  during  his  youth,  and  for  some  time  resided  upon  a  farm  in 
Marion  Township,  and  while  there  served  four  years  as  constable.  In 
1878  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  Mercer  County,  and  after  a  term  of  two 
years  was  re-elected,  and  served  until  1882.  In  that  year  he  was 
elected  county  clerk,  and  after  discharging  the  duties  of  that  office  in 
a  highly  efficient  manner  during  a  term  of  four  years  was  elected  in 
the  fall  of  1886  for  another  term  of  four  years.  He  has  always  been 
a  stanch  Republican  in  politics,  and  as  such  has  been  elected  to  the 
various  positions  oi  public  trust  he  has  so  faithfiUly  filled.  December 
19,  1869,  he  married  Miss  Margaret  Girdner,  of  Mercer  County.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alley  five  children  have  been  born:  Gussie  A.,  Lewis 
V. ,  Joseph  A. ,  Charlie  O. ,  and  an  infant  son.  Mr.  Alley  is  a  member 
of  the  Encampment  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  being  V.  G.  of  the  subordinate 
lodge,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. ,  and  justly  recognized 
as  one  of  Mercer  County's  reliable  citizens  and  popular  public 
officials. 

William  D.  Alley  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Ind. ,  April  4, 
1860,  and  having  lost  his  father  when  nine  months  old  accompanied 
his  mother,  two  brothers  and  one  sister  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  dur- 
ing his  childhood.  He  lived  upon  a  farm  until  about  fifteen  years 
old,  during  which  time  he  received  but  a  limited  education.  At  that 
age  he  began  to  learn  the  carpenter's  trade,  which  he  followed  five 
years.  He  was  then  employed  as  a  clerk  in  a  general  store,  and  by 
strict  attention  to  business,  honesty,  industry  and  economy  he  saved 
and  accumulated  enough  money  to  enable  him,  in  1887,  to  embark  in 
mercantile  life  for  himself.  He  now  carries  a  stock  of  goods  valued 
at  from  $2,000  to  $5,000,  is  meeting  with  well  deserved  success,  and 
is  recognized  as  one  of  the  promising  and  energetic  young  merchants  of 
his  township.  August  11,  1886,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Lettie  J. 
Lowi-ey,  and  to  this  union  one  son  was  born,  August  25,  1887 — Clif- 
ford William. 

James  P.  Anderson  was  born  May  8,  1835,  in  De  Witt  Coimty,  111. 
In  1853  he  immigrated  with  his  parents  to  Red  Rock,  Iowa,  where 
with  his  father  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  two  years  later 
going  to  Han-ison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  again  entered  the  mercan- 
tile business  in  Eagleville.  In  1858  he  built  the  Eagleville  House, 
which  he  ran  for  seven  years;  then,  in  1866,  founded  the  Eagleville  Nur- 
series, which  he  successfully  carried  on  for  eleven  years.     Buying  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  663 

Princeton  Mills  he  moved  to  Mercer  County,  in  1884,  and  built  the 
Princeton  Woolen  Mills,  which  he  still  successfully  runs.  In  1887 
he  took  out  the  old  buhrs  from  the  flouring-mill,  and  replaced  them 
with  the  most  modern  system  of  rolls.  Mr.  Anderson  devotes  his 
entire  attention  at  this  time  to  the  management  of  the  factory  and 
mills.  Politically  he  is  a  Democrat,  although  during  the  war  voted 
with  the  Eepublicans,  never  wavering  in  his  devotion  to  the  Union. 
He  was  captain  of  Company  L,  Fifty-seventh  East  Missouri  Militia, 
and  while  in  this  service,  in  1863,  lost  his  right  arm  by  accident.  He 
was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  party  in  1886  for  representative  of 
Mercer  County,  but  owing  to  the  overwhelming  Kepublican  majori- 
ties in  this  county  was  defeated. 

Hon.  Joseph  P.  Bailey  was  born  in  Logan  County,  Va. ,  February 
8,  1834,  and  is  a  son  of  James  and  Delilah  (Goare)  Bailey,  both  of 
Virginia.  Joseph  P.  was  reared  to  manhood  in  his  native  State,  and 
lived  with  his  parents  upon  the  farm  until  sixteen  years  of  age.  In 
1858  he  immigi-ated  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  Goshen  Praii-ie,  in 
Mercer  County.  He  removed  to  Harrison  County  in  1862,  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  at  Cainesville.  In  the  fall  of  1876  he 
removed  to  Princeton,  and  continued  engaged  in  mercantile  life  until 
last  year,  since  which  time  he  has  devoted  his  time  and  attention  to 
his  farming  interests,  in  connection  with  which  he  is  largely  interested 
in  grain  and  stock  dealing.  He  owns  500  acres  of  well-improved  and 
cultivated  land,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  substantial  and  enter- 
prising citizens  of  the  county.  In  1857  he  man-ied  Sallie  S.  Dowd, 
a  native  of  Greenbrier  County,  Va. ,  by  whom  there  are  five  living 
children— Edward  B.,  Charles  S.,  Lillian  B.  (wife  of  C.  W.  Fairley, 
of  Colorado  Springs),  and  Rose  V.  Mr.  Bailey  is  a  Democrat,  and  in 
1882  was  elected  to  represent  Mercer  County  in  the  State  Legislature, 
serving  with  honor  and  distinction  in  the  Thirty-second  General 
Assembly,  and  being  chosen  a  member  of  several  important  commit- 
tees in  that  body.  While  in  Harrison  County  he  was  a  member  of 
the  county  court,  and  in  his  native  county  in  Virginia  served  as 
county  surveyor.  He  is  a  Master  Mason,  and  a  well-known  and 
respected  citizen. 

Edward  B.  Bailey  was  born  in  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  October  14, 
1859,  and  is  a  son  of  Joseph  P.  Bailey,  of  Princeton,  by  his  marriage 
with  Sarah  S.  Doud.  Both  parents  were  born  in  West  Virginia.  In 
1858  the  father  immigrated  to  Missouri,  and  has  resided  in  either 
Harrison  or  Mercer  Counties  ever  since,  engaged  principally  in  mer- 
cantile business.     For  the  last  ten  years  he  has  lived  in  Princeton, 


664  MERGER    COUNTY. 

and  eight  years  have  been  spent  in  business  here.  Edwai^d  B.  spent 
a  large  portion  of  his  youth  in  his  father's  store,  and  in  1883 
engaged  in  the  grocery  business  in  Princeton,  in  which  he  has  con- 
tinued successfully  up  to  the  present  time.  At  his  store,  on  the 
northwest  corner  of  the  public  square,  he  carries  one  of  the  largest 
and  best  selected  stock  of  groceries  in  Princeton,  and  controls  a  large 
town  and  country  trade.  He  is  unmarried.  In  connection  with  his 
mercantile  business  he  owns  and  manages  a  large  farm  of  520  acres 
in  Medicine  Township.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  is  a  member  of 
the  Encampment  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  and  is  considered  one  of  Prince- 
ton's most  entei'prising  and  substantial  young  citizens. 

Thomas  Ballew  is  the  eldest  of  thirteen  children  (five  dead)  born 
to  William  and  Sarah  (Oney)  Ballew,  and  was  born  March  17,  1819. 
His  parents  were  natives  of  Buckingham  and  Tazewell  Counties,  Va., 
respectively,  and  were  married  in  the  latter  county  where  they  after- 
ward lived  until  1831.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  they  immigrated  to 
Morgan  County,  Ind. ,  where  the  father  entered  a  tract  of  land  in  the 
wilderness  and  cleared  a  farm.  In  the  fall  of  1840  he  sought  a  more 
healthful  home  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  located  upon  some  land 
six  miles  distant  from  the  present  site  of  Princeton.  Here  he  engaged 
in  farming  until  his  death,  in  1844,  when  he  was  but  forty-seven  years 
of  age.  The  mother  died  at  Princeton  in  1884,  having  made  her  home 
with  her  children  since  the  same  had  become  grown.  The  father  was 
an  early  settler  of  Mercer  County,  and  one  of  its  successful  and  most 
respected  citizens.  Himself  and  wife  were  worthy  and  conscientious 
members  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Thomas  Ballew  received  a  common- 
school  education  while  a  lad,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  began  to  care 
for  himself,  although  he  made  his  home  with  his  parents  until  twenty- 
three  years  old.  He  then  married  Mary  Ellis,  daughter  of  William 
Hartman,  and  widow  of  Robert  Ellis.  She  was  born  in  1820  in 
Blountville,  Tenn.,  where  she  was  first  married,  and  came  with  her 
husband  to  Mercer  County  in  1841,  where  he  shortly  after  died.  To 
her  marriage  with  j\Ir.  Ballew  three  children  were  bom,  two  of  whom 
are  deceased.  ;Mrs.  Ballew  died  October  5,  1847,  and  October  25, 
1848,  Mr.  Ballew  married  Phebe,  daughter  of  Elijah  H.  and  Polly 
(Sutherlin)  Crawford.  This  lady  was  born  October  10,  1828,  in  Put- 
nam County,  Ind.  Her  parents  were  natives  of  Tennessee  and  Ken- 
tucky, and  her  father  was  a  schoolmate  of  Davj  Crockett.  Her  par- 
ents were  early  settlers  of  Putnam  County,  Ind.,  and  Mercer  County, 
Mo. ,  having  come  to  the  latter  State  in  1846.  The  mother  died  upon 
their  farm,  six  miles  from  Princeton,   Mo.,   in   1851,   and  the  father 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  665 

afterward  married  and  removed  to  Boone  County,  Iowa,  where  lie 
died  in  18S2.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ballew  thirteen  children  were  born  of 
whom  eleven  are  living:  Dorcas,  wife  of  George  Norton;  and  a  child 
of  his  first  wife;  Crawford;  Sydney,  wife  of  John  Stewart;  T.  W. ; 
Mildi'ed,  wife  of  Joseph  Clodfelter;  Webster;  Squire;  Millard;  Lin- 
coln; Sallie,  wife  of  Joseph  Branham;Wilmetta  and  Donia.  After  his 
first  marriage  and  until  his  second  Mr.  Ballew  lived  upon  a  farm 
adjoining  the  old  homestead.  He  then  moved  five  miles  east  of 
Princeton,  and  six  months  later  upon  the  old  John  Hart  farm, 
five  miles  west  of  Princeton.  In  March,  1852,  he  moved  per- 
manently upon  his  present  farm  in  Madison  Townshij).  He  is  one 
of  the  leading  and  wealthy  farmers  of  the  county,  and  owns  700 
acres  of  land;  240  in  the  home  place,  which  is  nearly  all  cleared  and 
under  a  good  state  of  cultivation.  He  is  an  old,  well-known  and  respected 
citizen  of  Mercer  County,  and  a  good  example  of  a  self-made  man. 
He  is  Independent  in  politics,  but  previous  to  the  war  was  a  Whig,  and 
cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Harrison  in  1840.  His  wife  and 
two  daughters  are  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Chui'ch,  and 
his  daughter  by  his  fijst  marriage  belongs  to  the  Christian  Church. 
Mrs.  Crawford's  maternal  grandmother,  Lydia  Franklin,  was  a  first 
cousin  of  Dr.  Benjamin  Franklin,  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence and  the  electrician,  and  her  grandfather,  Joseph  Crawford, 
was  his  second  cousin. 

Andervill  Booth  was  born  in  Cabell  County,  Va. ,  in  1828,  and  is 
a  son  of  Jonathan  and  Celia  (Walker)  Booth.  His  father  was  also  a 
native  of  that  county  and  born  in  1805.  In  1839  he  immigrated  to 
Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  entered  land  and  settled  in  Harrison 
Township.  He  afterward  bought  and  sold  various  tracts  in  different 
counties,  and  at  his  death,  February  9,  1887,  resided  at  Burlington 
Junction,  Nodaway  County,  Mo.  He  was  of  English  descent,  and  an 
early  settler  of  Northern  Missouri.  He  was  the  owner  of  about  300 
acres,  and  during  the  early  histoiy  of  Missouri  served  as  justice  of  the 
peace  a  few  years.  He  was  a  Whig  dm-ing  the  days  of  that  party,  but 
afterward  became  a  stanch  Republican.  His  wife  was  of  English  and 
German  descent,  and  a  native  of  Virginia.  She  died  March  12,  1S65, 
aged  fifty-six  years,  two  months  and  twelve  days.  Andervill  Booth  is 
the  eldest  of  five  children  born  to  his  parents,  and  at  the  age  of  eleven 
came  to  Missouri,  where  he  lived  with  his  parents  until  past  eighteen 
years  of  age.  October  22,  1847,  he  married  Mary  Ann  Robertson, 
daughter  of  Carter  T.  and  Polly  (Suseberry)  Carter.  Mrs.  Booth  was 
born  in  Breckinridge  County,  Ky. ,  in  1831,  and  is  the  mother  of  the 

42 


666  MEECEK   COUNTY. 

following  children:  George  W. ;  Lucy,  wife  of  Ambrose  Evans;  Celia 
A.,  wife  of  Jeremiah  Adkins;  Thomas  J.;  David  H. ;  James  M. ; 
Nancy  J.,  wife  of  Samuel  McBee;  Leander  M. ;  Rhoda  L.,  wife  of 
John  W.  Newton;  Susan  Alice,  William  J.,  Zerilda  and  Sallie. 
Since  coming  to  Missouri  Mr.  Booth  has  always  been  a  resident  of 
Mercer  County,  and  in  1853  he  settled  upon  his  present  place  which 
contains  365  acres,  218  acres  being  in  Harrison  County.  He  is  a 
highly  respected  citizen  of  Mercer  County,  where  he  is  naturally  well 
known,  and  himself  and  family  are  active  members  of  the  Christian 
Chiirch,  of  which  he  has  been  an  elder  for  years.  He  is  conservative 
in  politics,  and  holds  principles  above  party  affiliations,  but  previous 
to  the  war  was  a  Whig. 

Rush  Bowsher,  proprietor  of  a  livery,  feed  and  sale  stable,  com- 
menced business  in  1866  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  Robert,  they 
being  the  owners  of  the  first  livery  stable  in  Princeton.  After  being 
in  business  a  year,  from  1867  to  1869  was  passed  out  of  business,  but 
they  then  resumed  the  same  vocation,  and  the  firm  was  known  as 
Bowsher  Bros,  until  1879.  Rush  then  bought  his  brother's  inter- 
est, and,  with  the  exception  of  six  months  during  1885,  has  since  been 
the  sole  proprietor  of  the  business.  The  present  stable  was  erected 
in  1875  at  a  cost  of  $2,200,  and  Mr.  Bowsher  now  keeps  from  twelve 
to  eighteen  horses,  six  buggies,  two  carriages,  one  hack  and  three 
spring  wagons,  his  stable  being  first-class  in  every  respect.  He  strives 
to  meet  the  wants  of  the  traveling  public,  and  meets  all  trains  in  every 
part  of  the  town  with  his  conveyances.  He  was  born  in  Wyandot 
County,  Ohio,  in  1844,  and  is  a  son  of  George  and  Rebecca  (Van 
Trump)  Bowsher.  The  father  was  of  German  descent,  and  born  in 
Pickaway  County,  Ohio,  in  1810,  where  he  resided  until  his  death  in 
1878.  The  mother  was  of  Holland-Dutch  origin,  born  in  Hardin 
County,  Ohio,  in  1812,  and  died  in  July,  1882,  at  Princeton,  whither 
she  had  come  in  1879.  She  was  the  mother  of  ten  children,  of  whom 
Rush  is  the  fifth.  He  was  educated  in  his  native  State,  and  made  his 
home  with  his  parents,  employed  upon  the  farm,  until  twenty-one 
years  of  age.  He  then  lived  two  years  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  after 
which  he  returned  to  Ohio.  After  a  short  time  he  again  came  to 
Princeton,  and  in  1886  re-embarked  in  the  above  described  business. 
In  October,  1872,  he  married  Miss  Rebecca  A.  Evans,  who  was  born 
in  Williams  County,  Ohio,  in  1846.  To  this  union  three  children  were 
born:  Fannie,  deceased;  Nellie  and  Carrie.  Mrs.  Bowsher  died 
on  October  15,  1878,  and  October  20,  1885,  Mr.  Bowsher  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Elizabeth  Moore,  a  native  of  Cass  County,   Mich., 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  667 

born  in  1851.  During  the  war  he  responded  to  the  last  call  made  for 
troops,  and  served  six  weeks  in  Company  A,  One  Hundred  and  Ninety- 
eighth  Ohio  Volunteer  Regiment.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican  in  pol- 
itics, and  his  first  presidential  vote  was  cast  for  U.  S.  Grant  in  1868. 
In  1885  he  was  elected  alderman  of  Princeton  by  his  party,  and  served 
so  efficiently  that  in  1887  he  received  a  re-election. 

Henry  Clay  Bowsher  is  a  son  of  George  and  Rebecca  (Van  Trump) 
Bowsher,  natives  of  Ohio,  and  was  born  in  Wyandot  County,  Ohio, 
June  11,  1850.  His  father  was  an  early  settler  of  Ohio,  and  a  suc- 
cessful farmer  citizen,  whose  death  occurred  in  1882.  The  mother 
died  in  Princeton,  Mo.,  in  1884,  and  was  the  mother  of  the  following 
childi'en:  Robert,  Emi,  Rush,  Emanuel,  Henry  Clay,  Mariah  (wife  of 
Samuel  Straw),  Princess  (deceased  wife  of  William  White).  Two  died 
in  early  childhood.  Henry  Clay  was  reared  to  manhood  upon  the  farm 
in  his  native  State,  and  during  his  youth  received  a  good  common- 
school  education.  He  came  to  Missouri  with  his  elder  brother  Robert, 
in  1869,  and  clerked  nine  years  for  Henry  Cadle  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness at  Princetown.  In  1879  he  embarked  in  the  grain  business  with 
Mr.  Cadle,  three  years  later  adding  agricultural  implements  to  the 
business,  and  still  later  adding  a  general  line  of  tinware,  hardware, 
etc.  Since  1884  Mr.  Bowsher  has  been  the  sole  proprietor  of  the 
above  described  business,  and  has  met  with  good  and  well  deserved 
success.  He  was  united  in  marriage  with  Anna  J.  Collins,  a  native  of 
Logan  County,  Ohio,  by  whom  he  has  three  children:  Hortense,  Angie 
and  Eugenia.  In  politics  Mr.  Bowsher  is  a  Republican,  and  in  creed 
himself  and  wife  are  Baptists.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. ,  and 
one  of  the  respected  citizens  of  the  neighborhood  in  which  he  lives. 

William  J.  Boyle  was  born  in  Linn  County,  Mo.,  August  11,  1842, 
and  is  a  son  of  Stephen  A.  and  Mary  Ann  (Wilkerson)  Boyle.  The 
father  was  born  in  Kentucky,  in  1814,  and  accompanied  his  parents 
to  Missoiui,  where  they  located  upon  a  farm  in  Linn  County.  Here 
he  was  afterward  married,  and  followed  farming  iintil  about  1844, 
when  he  removed  to  Washington  Township,  Mercer  Co.,  Mo., 
and  settled  upon  a  farm  there.  He  is  now  a  resident  of  Medicine 
Township,  Mercer  County.  His  wife  was  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
died  in  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in  1886.  William  J.  lived  with  his 
father  iintil  he  went  to  fight  for  his  country  in  August,  1861.  He  then 
enlisted  in  the  Second  Missouri  Cavaliy,  under  Col.  Merrill,  and 
served  until  the  fall  of  1865,  during  which  time  he  participated  in 
several  impoiiant  battles,  such  as  Brownsville,  Ark. ;  Little  Rock, 
Ark. ;  Independence,   Mo. ,   and  several  skirmishes.     At  the  close  of 


668  MERGER    COUNTY. 

the  war  he  reiurnecl  to  his  home  in  Mercer  County.  He  was  married 
January  28,  1866,  to  Nancy  E.  Hamilton,  daughter  of  Pleasant 
Hamilton,  a  native  of  Illinois,  but  at  present  a  farmer  of  Mercer 
County.  This  union  was  blessed  with  fourteen  children,  of  whom 
twelve  are  living:  Thomas  S.,  James  L.,  Samuel  M. ,  Joseph  F., 
JohnF.,  Robert  W.,  Though,  William  E.,  Martha  F.,  Tennie,  Ste- 
phen P.  and  an  infant.  Immediately  after  his  marriage  Mr.  Boyle 
began  life  as  an  independent  farmer,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  218 
acres  of  land,  all  fenced  and  well  improved.  His  farm  is  ably  man- 
aged by  his  sons  while  he  himself  is  engaged  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness at  Topsy,  where  he  can'ies  a  good  stock  of  general  merchandise. 
He  is  a  Republican,  and  the  postmaster  of  Topsy,  but  does  not  aspire 
to  further  political  honors.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. ,  and 
one  of  the  enterprising  and  respected  citizens  of  his  county. 

John  W.  Boyd  was  born  in  Mercer  County  in  1848,  and  is  a  son 
of  James  and  Julian  (Adair)  Boyd.  The  father  was  of  Irish  descent, 
and  born  in  Franklin  County,  Ohio,  in  1819.  When  a  boy  he  accom- 
panied his  parents  to  Bloomington,  111. ,  but  upon  reaching  manhood 
returned  to  his  native  State  and  located  in  Madison  County.  In 
1841  he  married,  and  in  1845  moved  to  Iowa.  Two  years  later  he 
came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  located  in  Washington  Township, 
but  in  1881  moved  to  Princeton,  where  he  now  lives  a  retired  life. 
His  life  occupation  has  been  that  of  farming,  and  he  became  the  owner 
of  400  acres  of  land  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  Mercer  County' s  suc- 
cessful citizens.  His  wife  was  born  in  1819,  in  Madison  County, 
Ohio,  and  is  also  living.  John  W.  is  the  third  of  a  family  of  seven 
children,  and  during  his  youth  received  a  common-school  education. 
He  made  his  home  with  his  parents  until  twenty-five  years  of  age,  and 
April  6,  1873,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Jane,  daughter  of  James  and 
Jennie  Girdner.  Mrs.  Boyd  was  born  in  Mercer  County,  in  1853,  and 
is  the  mother  of  two  children:  Ella  May  and  Fred  Eugene.  After 
his  marriage  IVIr.  Boyd  settled  near  the  old  home  place  in  Washington 
Township,  and  in  1876  located  where  he  now  resides.  His  farm  is 
the  old  homestead  of  James  Girdner,  and  one  of  the  first  farms  settled 
upon  in  Mercer  County.  Mr.  Boyd  is  a  successful  farmer,  owning  460 
acres  of  good  land,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  well-to-do  citizens  of 
the  county.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  his  first  presidential 
vote  was  cast  for  U.  S.  Grant  in  1872.  He  is  highly  respected  and 
esteemed  in  the  community  in  which  he  lives,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
A.  O.  U.  W.,  Lodge  No.  83,  at  Princeton. 

Richard  Brantley  was  born  in  Morgan  County,  Ind. ,  December  27 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  669 

1837,  and  is  a  son  of  William  and  Mahala  (Page)  Brantley.  The 
father  was  born  in  North  Carolina,  July  2,  1805,  and  is  now  a  resident 
of  Mercer  County,  Mo.  When  a  young  man  he  left  home  in  search 
of  his  fortune  with  nothing  but  the  clothes  he  wore  and  a  little  money, 
and  walked  to  Morgan  County,  Ind.  There  he  remained  and  married. 
In  June,  1856,  he  came  to  Mercer  County,  where  he  has  since  lived. 
Farming  and  stock  raising  have  been  his  life-long  occupations. 
Mahala  (Page)  Brantley  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1815,  and  has  been 
a  life-long  member  of  the  Christian  Church.  Ten  children  were  born 
to  them,  all  of  whom  lived  to  maturity,  although  but  eight  survive. 
Our  subject  is  the  second,  and  received  his  education  at  the  primitive 
log  schoolhouses  in  Indiana.  He  accompanied  his  parents  when  they 
came  to  Missouri,  and  remained  with  them  about  three  years.  He 
then  married  Rachel  Ann  Gunter,  daughter  of  Thomas  Gunter,  and  a 
native  of  Putnam  County,  Ind.,  born  November  20,  1840.  This 
iinion  has  been  blessed  with  twelve  children,  only  seven  of  whom  are 
living:  Leander,  Evangeline,  Mary  Ellen,  Alice,  Dorothy,  Lorren 
and  Harley  B.  Those  deceased  are  Leroy,  Eegada,  Ruth,  Thomas 
and  William.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Brantley  began  to  farm  and 
deal  in  stock,  and  such  has  been  his  success  that  he  is  now  the  owner 
of  475  acres  of  land,  which,  under  his  care,  has  been  finely  improved. 
Mrs.  Brantley  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church.  Mr.  Brantley  has 
always  voted  the  Republican  ticket,  and  during  the  war  was  called  an 
Abolitionist.  He  served  some  time  in  the  State  Militia.  In  1880  he 
was  elected  judge  of  District  No.  2,  and  served  two  terms  with  general 
satisfaction.  He  has  held  several  minor  offices,  and  for  twenty  years 
was  a  school  director.  He  is  always  interested  in  educational  projects, 
and  enjoys  the  respect  of  the  community  in  which  he  lives. 

Jordan  Brantley  is  a  native  of  Putnam  County,  Ind.,  and  was 
born  November  29,  1846,  and  is  a  son  of  William  and  Mahala  (Page) 
Brantley  [see  sketch  of  Richard  Brantley].  He  remained  at  home 
until  nearly  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Forty- 
fourth  Missouri  Infantry,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war, 
eleven  months  and  twenty- one  days  in  all.  He  then  returned  to 
Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  immediately  engaged  in  farming.  He  is 
now  the  owner  of  a  farm  containing  400  acres  of  well  cultivated  and 
improved  land,  upon  which  he  is  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising, 
making  a  specialty  of  fine  horses.  August  23,  1864,  previous  to  his 
enlistment,  he  married  Elizabeth  J.  Gregory,  of  Mercer  County,  a 
daughter  of  Elijah  and  Alice  Gregory.  Mrs.  Brantley  was  born  in 
Livingston  County,  Mo.,   in  1842,  and  is  the  mother  of  a  fine  family 


670  MEECEK   COUNTY. 

of  sis  children:  Luther  P.,  Emma  F.  (wife  of  James  Powell),  Addie 
B. ,  Susan  Alta,  Cora  Alice  and  Lettie  May.  Mr.  Brantley  is  iden- 
tified with  the  Republican  party,  of  which  he  is  a  stanch  supporter, 
although  he  has  never  sought  nor  held  office.  He  is  a  public  spirited 
citizen,  and  is  always  interested  in  enterprises  to  promote  the  general 
welfare  of  the  county.  Himself  and  wife  are  connected  with  the 
Christian  Church,  and  are  well  respected  residents  of  Ravanna  Town- 
ship. 

John  Brantley,  treasurer  of  Mercer  County,  was  born  in  Morgan 
County,  Ind. ,  January  3,  1852,  and  at  the  age  of  four  was  brought 
by  his  parents  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.  His  father,  William,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina,  July  2,  1805,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-eight 
m.oved  to  Indiana,  where  he  married  Mahala  Page,  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia, by  whom  six  sons  and  four  daughters  were  born,  all  of  whom 
were  reared  to  maturity  and  one  of  each  now  deceased.  After  com- 
ing to  Missouri  they  located  in  the  eastern  part  of  Mercer  County, 
where  John  Brantley  was  reared  upon  a  farm.  His  paternal  grand- 
father, Henry  B. ,  was  a  native  of  England,  and  after  coming  to 
America  located  in  North  Carolina,  where  he  reared  his  family,  and 
passed  the  remainder  of  his  days.  John  Brantley  was  married  in- 
1870,  to  Melissa  J.  (Evans)  Brantley,  a  native  of  Decatiir  County, 
Ind. ,  by  whom  three  children  were  born :  Charlie  A. ,  a  youth  of  much 
promise  died  in  his  seventeenth  year;  Henry  C,  and  Leo  M. ,  a  bright 
boy  who  died  when  twelve  years  old.  After  his  marriage  Mr. 
Brantley  was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  until  the  fall  of  1881, 
at  which  time  he  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  business.  He  was  elected 
to  his  present  position  in  the  fall  of  1884,  and  took  charge  of  the 
office  January  1,  1885,  and  served  with  so  much  credit  and  fidelity 
that  the  following  year  he  was  elected  without  opposition.  Mr. 
Brantley  and  family  are  united  with  the  Christian  Church. 

George  M.  Bristow,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Macon  County,  Mo., 
February  13,  1855,  and  is  a  son  of  Wesley  O.  and  Sarah  E.  (Cherry) 
Bristow,  natives  of  Kentucky  and  Illinois,  respectively.  The  father 
came  to  Missouri  in  1836,  and  located  upon  a  farm  in  Macon  County 
where  he  has  since  resided,  and  is  now  living  a  retired  life  upon  a 
modest  but  comfortable  competency.  The  mother  died  February  13, 
1857,  and  bore  her  husband  five  sons  and  seven  daughters.  Two  of 
the  daughters  are  deceased;  two  married  daughters  reside  in  Oregon; 
two,  Mrs.  E.  C.  Shane  and  Mrs.  D.  H.  Cornelius,  reside  in  Kirks- 
ville;  three  brothers,  William  W.  (formerly  a  prominent  citizen  of 
Mercer  County),  James  J.  and  Henry  T. ,  reside  in  Oregon,  and  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  671 

remainder  of  the  family  live  in  Macon  County,  Mo.  George  M. 
lived  upon  his  father's  farm  until  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  then 
attended  the  State  Normal  School  at  Kirksville  two  years.  He  then 
taught  school  in  order  to  accumulate  means  to  complete  his  educa- 
tion, and  in  1873-74  attended  school  at  Princeton.  In  1875  he 
taught  school  in  Mercer  County,  and  having  read  medicine  some, 
with  a  view  to  adopting  it  as  a  profession,  he  entered  the  college  of 
physicians  and  surgeons  at  Keokuk,  in  1875,  and  graduated  from 
there  in  1877.  He  then  practiced  his  profession  in  his  native  county 
four  years,  and  again  attended  college.  In  1881  he  graduated  from  the 
Louisville,  Ky. ,  Medical  College,  and  came  to  Princeton,  where  he 
has  met  with  good  and  merited  success  in  the  practice  of  medicine. 
He  is  one  of  the  prominent  physicians  and  surgeons  of  the  county, 
a  member  of  the  Grand  River  Medical  Society,  the  Mercer  County 
Society,  is  surgeon  for  the  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  a 
member  of  the  United  States  Board  of  Pension  Examiners.  Decem- 
ber, 1886,  he  married  Miss  Jessie  F.  Trapp,  a  native  of  Mercer 
County,  Mo.  In  politics  the  Doctor  is  a  Republican,  and  in  creed  a 
believer  in  the  doctrines  of  the  Christian  Church.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Encampment  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 

James  R.  Brown,  probate  judge  of  Mercer  County,  was  born  in 
Brown  County,  Ohio,  October  20,  1843,  and  is  the  son  of  Anthony 
and  Orpha  (Crawford)  Brown,  natives  of  Pennsylvania.  The  father 
died  when  James  was  a  small  boy,  leaving  a  widow  and  two  sons — 
Nevel  and  James — who  moved  to  Hancock  County,  Ind. ,  in  1852, 
where  the  mother  afterward  married  Lemuel  Wilkinson.  They  then 
resided  upon  a  farm  in  that  county  until  1867,  when  they  immigrated 
to  Missoui'i,  and  located  upon  a  farm  in  Putnam  County,  where  the 
mother  still  lives.  James  R.  was  reared  upon  a  farm,  and  during  his 
youthful  days  received  a  good  English  education.  Upon  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war  he  enlisted,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  in  Company  B, 
Ninety-ninth  Indiana  Volunteer  Infantry,  as  a  private.  He  was  after- 
ward made  a  non-commissioned  officer,  and,  near  the  close  of  the  war, 
became  second  lieutenant,  which  office  he  was  filling  when  mustered 
out.  At  Dallas,  Ga.,  May  28,  1864,  he  was  seriously  wounded,  and  for 
some  time  classed  among  the  mortally  wounded.  He  accompanied  his 
mother  to  Missouri  in  1867,  and  engaged  in  farming  and  school  teach- 
ing for  about  six  years.  He  now  owns  a  farm  of  cultivated  land  in  the 
best  farming  region  of  Mercer  County,  and  is  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  In  1886  he  was  elected  by  the  Republican  party  to  the 
office  of  probate  judge,  and  is  now  discharging  the  duties  of  that  office 


672  MERCEB   COUNTY. 

of  public  trust  in  a  manner  creditable  to  himself  and  party.  August 
30,  1866,  he  married  Martha  J.  Russell,  a  native  of  Hamilton  County, 
Ohio,  and  of  this  union  there  are  four  living  childi'en:  Laura  J., 
William  P.,  James  A.  G.  and  Myrtle  A.  Judge  Brown  is  a  member 
of  the  G.  A.  R. ,  and  recognized  as  one  of  the  prominent  and  success- 
ful citizens  of  the  county. 

TVilbitr  F.  Buren,  M.  D.,  of  Princeton,  Mo.,  was  born  in  Daviess 
County,  Mo.,  January  22,  1841,  and  is  a  son  of  John  J.  and  Cosby 
(Peeiy)  Bui'en,  natives  of  Tennessee  and  Virginia,  respectively.  The 
father  came  to  Missouri  as  early  as  1835,  and  was  for  many  years  a 
well-known  preacher  and  circuit  rider  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  In  1840  he  removed  fi'om  Jefferson,  Mo. ,  to  Daviess  County. 
In  1849  he  was  appointed  to  the  St.  Louis  District,  and  was  presiding 
elder  in  St.  Louis  four  years.  He  later  moved  to  Grundy  County, 
where  his  wife's  relations  resided,  and  where  he  had  charge  of  the 
Grand  River  District  until  his  death,  which  occurred  December  21, 
1852,  in  his  forty-fifth  year.  The  mother  died  in  Princeton  in  1874. 
The  following  children  were  born  to  them:  James  P.,  deceased,  who 
was  a  Methodist  Episcopal  minister;  Fielding  P.,  of  Brookfield,  Mo. ; 
Alvin  B.,  of  Trenton,  Mo. ;  Wilbur  F. ;  Melville  C. ;  Ciilling  E. ;  John 
O. ;  Sarah  M. ,  wife  of  James  Wyrne,  of  Daviess  County,  Mo. ;  Emily 
L.,  wife  of  Thomas  Woodard,  of  Princeton,  and  Cynthia  A.,  wife  of 
Col.  W.  B.  Rodgers,  of  Trenton.  Wilbur  F.  spent  his  early  life  upon 
his  father's  farm,  and  was  educated  at  the  Grand  River  College, 
Edinburgh,  Mo.  In  1863  he  began  the  study  of  medicine,  reading 
with  Dr.  John  Cullers,  of  Grundy  County,  and  later  attended  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  from  which 
institution  he  graduated  in  1867.  He  began  his  practice  in  Grundy 
County,  but  soon  came  to  Mercer  County  (1867),  and  practiced  at 
Goshen  until  1874.  He  then  located  in  Princeton,  practiced  his  pro- 
fession two  years,  and  then  engaged  in  the  drug  business,  in  which 
he  has  met  with  success.  He  owns  the  brick  block  in  which  his  drug 
store  is  located,  and  built  the  Buren  Block,  in  1875,  which  adjoins  his 
store  on  the  east,  and  is  a  handsome  two-story  brick  block,  and  one  of 
the  best  structures  in  the  town.  He  is  an  enterprising  business  man, 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  Hill  &  Buren,  dry  goods  dealers,  and  a  stock- 
holder and  director  of  the  Mercer  County  Bank.  November  1,  1867, 
he  married  Sarah  M. ,  daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  John  Cullers,  his  for- 
mer medical  preceptor.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Bui'en  have  five  children:  Anna 
M. ,  Maggie  W. ,  Charles  R. ,  John  Roy  and  Lela  L.  The  Doctor  has 
always  been  a  stanch   Republican,   and  being  a  strong   Union   man 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  673 

during  the  war  he  enlisted  and  served  in  the  State  Militia  during 
1861-63.  He  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason,  and  has  passed  all  the 
chairs  in  the  local  lodge.  He  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  and  is  a 
Select  Knight  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

C.  E.  Buren  was  born  in  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  in  1847,  and  is  a 
son  of  John  J.  and  Cosby  (Peery)  Buren.  The  father  was  of  German 
descent,  and  born  December  31,  1807.  He  was  a  minister  by  profes- 
sion, and,  when  married,  lived  in  Virginia.  In  1835  he  moved  to 
Washington  County,  and  in  1843  to  Daviess  County,  Mo.  In  1847 
he  moved  to  St.  Louis  County,  and  December  21,  1852,  died  in  Grundy 
County,  where  he  had  lived  but  a  short  time.  He  had  been  in  the 
ministry  since  seventeen  years  of  age,  first  officiating  as  a  circuit 
rider,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  the  presiding  elder  of  Grand 
Eiver  District.  He  preached  in  St.  Louis  four  years,  and  devoted  his 
life  to  his  ministerial  duties.  He  was  an  active  anti-slavery  man,  and 
upon  the  division  of  the  Methodist  Church  became  a  firm  adherent  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  The  mother  was  of  Welsh  and 
English  descent,  and  was  born  in  Tazewell  County,  Va. ,  in  1809. 
She  was  the  mother  of  ten  childi-en  (nine  of  whom  are  living),  and 
died  in  1885.  C.  E.  Buren  was  educated  in  Grundy  County,  at  Grand 
River  College,  and  at  the  youthful  age  of  fifteen  enlisted  in  Company 
K,  First  Missouri  State  Militia,  and  after  his  discharge  at  the  expira- 
tion of  a  year,  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Forty-fom-th  Missouri  Volun- 
teer Infantry,  in  which  he  also  served  one  year.  He  was  in  the  battles 
of  Gulf  Campaign,  Franklin,  thirteen  days  in  the  siege  of  Mobile,  and 
was  discharged  at  Benton  Barracks  in  1865.  In  1867,  when  but 
twenty  years  old,  he  began  to  teach  school,  which  he  continued  five 
years,  his  work  being  in  Daviess,  Harrison,  Grundy  and  Mercer 
Counties.  For  two  terms  he  was  principal  of  the  high  school  at 
Princeton.  In  1873  he  became  the  editor  of  the  Princeton  Advance, 
which  he  conducted  one  year,  and  then  engaged  in  mercantile  life  in 
Princeton  until  1881.  He  then  sold  out  his  business,  and  bought  400 
acres  where  he  now  lives,  but  has  since  added  to  his  original  purchase, 
until  he  now  owns  800  acres  of  land,  upon  which  he  is  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock  rai.sing.  September  28,  1871,  he  man-ied  Miss 
Sarah  E.  Cain,  daughter  of  Peter  and  M.  A.  (Mullins)  Cain.  Mrs. 
Buren  was  born  in  Mercer  County  in  1852,  and  is  the  mother  of  the 
following  children:  Elmer,  Effie,  Frank,  Donnie,  Blanche  and  Laura. 
Mr.  Buren  is  an  active  Republican,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote 
for  Grant. 

Joseph  H.  Burrows,  one  of  the  best  known  and  truly  representa- 


674  MEKCER    COUNTY. 

tive  citizens  of  this  portion  of  Missouri,  is  a  native  of  Manchester, 
England,  where  he  was  born  May  15,  1840,  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Maiy 
BvuTows,  whose  maiden  name  was  Pendlington.  In  1842  the  parents 
with  their  family  of  four  sons,  James,  William,  Joseph  H.  and  Charles, 
decided  to  immigrate  to  America,  but  Ijefore  leaving  England  James 
died,  and  in  coming  to  this  country  the  mother's,  death  occurred 
while  en  route  up  the  Mississippi ;  she  was  buried  near  Wellington' s 
Landing,  in  Louisiana,  and  with  her,  the  youngest  child,  Charles. 
In  1851  the  father  and  William  died,  and  Joseph  H.  was  then 
left  alone  in  the  world,  though  subsequently  being  cared  for  by 
his  uncle,  James  Burrows,  who,  in  company  with  Thomas,  had 
become  early  settlers  in  Keokuk,  Iowa,  where  they  built  the 
first  brick  house  in  that  now  flourishing  city.  Some  time  after 
his  father's  death  Joseph  H.  made  his  home  in  Quincy,  111.,  with 
another  uncle  by  the  name  of  William  Presley,  and  there  attended 
school  two  years,  returning,  later,  to  Keokuk,  where  his  time  was 
divided  between  attending  school  during  the  winter,  and  working  in  his 
uncle's  brick  yards  during  the  summer  seasons,  until  the  fall  of  1856; 
in  that  year  he  began  his  mercantile  experience  as  clerk,  a  position  in 
which  he  continued  for  some  three  years.  In  1858  he  went  to  St. 
Louis,  but  remained  there  only  a  short  time,  afterward  devoting  him- 
self assiduously  to  the  acquirement  of  a  thorough  education.  Going 
to  Centreville,  Iowa,  in  1859,  he  was  engaged  as  salesman  in  a 
general  mercantile  store.  January  24,  1860,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Louise  A.  Wittenmyer,  daughter  of  his  employer.  She  died  Febru- 
ary 14,  1862,  at  St.  John,  Mo. ,  whither  he  had  become  engaged 
in  business  in  1861,  with  his  brother-in-law,  W.  H.  Young.  Sis 
months  after  the  death  of  his  wife  Mr.  Burrows  removed  to  Cains- 
ville,  where  he  has  since  made  his  home — a  substantial,  respected  citi- 
zen of  the  place.  November  16,  1862,  he  took  for  his  second  wife 
Miss  Mary  A.  Shaw,  originally  from  New  York,  though  reared  in  Wis- 
consin. In  1860  Mr.  Burrows  became  actively  interested  in  political 
affairs,  the  cause  of  Hon.  Stephen  A.  Douglas  for  President  in  that 
year  receiving  his  hearty  and  unqualified  support.  Though  not  then 
a  voter,  he  took  active  part  in  the  canvass,  making  several  political 
speeches,  and  engaging  in  occasional  debates  during  that  campaign. 
At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  he  warmly  espoused  the  cause  of  the 
Union,  and  cast  his  first  vote  for  President  for  Abraham  Lincoln,  in 
1864.  In  1878,  however,  he  cast  his  suffrages  for  Greenback  con- 
gressmen and  State  officials,  and  for  the  People's  candidates  for 
county  officers.     In  1870  he  was  nominated  and  elected  a  representa- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  APPENDIX.  675 

tive  to  the  State  Legislature,  against  two  powerful  opponents — a  high 
compliment  to  his  popularity  and  ability,  as  well  as  to  the  judgment 
and  wisdom  manifested  by  those  who  placed  him  in  the  position.  In 
January,  1871,  he  took  his  seat  in  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Assembly, 
was  made  a  member  of  several  important  committees,  and  the  next 
term  was  elected  his  own  successor,  and  also  in  1878.  At  the  close 
of  this  last  session  it  was  his  sincere  desire  to  retire  from  political  life 
that  he  might  better  attend  to  the  carrying  on  of  his  private  business 
and  ministerial  work,  for  in  1867  he  had  been  regularly  ordained  a 
minister  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Notwithstanding  his  refusal  to  have 
his  name  used  as  a  candidate  he  was,  August  17,  1880,  nominated  for 
representative  to  the  XLVII  Congress  on  the  Greenback-Labor  ticket, 
upon  which  he  began  active  canvass  in  the  district.  The  following 
election  he  was  elected  over  a  popular  opponent.  Col.  C.  H.  Mansur. 
Mr.  Burrows  is  a  fluent  and  ready  speaker,  and  ever  ready  to  maintain 
the  principles  which  he  advocates.  He  is  opposed  to  monopolies  of  any 
kind,  acts  independently  of  party,  and  believes  in  voting  for  a  measure 
piu'ely  on  its  merits.  He  has  always  been  a  stanch  temperance  man, 
and  while  in  the  Legislature,  introduced  more  bills  for  the  restriction  of 
the  sale  of  intoxicants,  than  all  the  other  members  combined.  Among 
other  measures  which  he  introduced  was  a  civil  damage  law;  he  also 
introduced  the  first  township  organization  bill,  and  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  committee  in  the  Thirtieth  General  Assembly  which 
remodeled  the  law,  and  made  it  as  it  now  stands.  While  in  Congress 
his  was  one  of  the  first  bills  introduced  for  a  reduction  of  letter  postage 
to  two  cents,  and  for  the  issuing  of  a  two-cent  postal  card,  with  three 
times  the  writing  space  of  the  present  card.  Some  ten  or  twelve  other 
bills,  equally  important,  were  introduced  by  him,  and  he  served  on  three- 
standing  committees— a  committee  on  pensions,  for  Mississippi  River 
improvement,  and  on  the  Interior  Department.  His  entii-e  career  was 
marked  by  an  earnest,  candid  effort  to  serve  his  constituents.  In 
temperance  work  at  home  Mr.  Burrows  has  been  especially  prominent. 
He  organized  the  first  lodge  of  Good  Templars  in  Cainsville,  besides 
seven  or  eight  others  in  Harrison  and  Mercer  Counties,  for  which 
services  he  has  been  suitably  remembered  by  the  Grand  Lodge.  He 
has  taken  active  and  liberal  part  in  the  building  of  the  Baptist  Chvu'ch, 
a  W.  C.  T.  U.  hall,  and  in  securing  the  Des  Moines,  Osceola  & 
Southern  Railroad.  His  wife  is  president  of  the  W.  C.  T.  U.  at  this 
place. 

C.  P.    Bushong,  M.  D.,  was  born  January  4,  1844:,  in  Columbiana 
County,  Ohio,   and  is   the  second  of  a   family  of  six  children  born  to 


676  MEKCEK   COUNTY. 

Jacob  and  Eebecca  (Briggs)  Bushong.  In  1854  the  parents  moved 
to  Williams  County,  Ohio,  and  in  1859  left  that  county  and  moved 
across  the  line  into  Noble  Count}%  Ind.,  where  the  father  purchased 
a  farm  three  miles  south  of  Rome  City.  In  the  spring  of  1876  they 
immigrated  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  settled  upon  a  farm  in  the 
northern  part  of  Madison  Township,  where  he  engaged  in  farming 
until  his  death  in  February,  1887.  The  mother  is  now  a  resident  of 
the  same  place.  C.  P.  was  educated  at  the  common  schools  of  Ohio 
and  in  Kendallville,  [Ind. ,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  began  life  for 
himself.  He  worked  upon  a  farm,  clerked  in  a  general  store  at 
Kendallville,  attended  school  at  intervals  until  nineteen  years  of 
age,  and  then  taught  school  a  number  of  terms  in  Noble  County,  Ind. 
He  then  began  the  study  of  medicine  under  Dr.  W.  H.  Franks,  at 
Kendallville,  with  whom  he  read  for  two  years,  after  which  he  studied 
with  Dr.  W.  F.  Endley  at  Brimfield  in  the  same  county  for  two  years. 
In  the  fall  of  1867  he  attended  lectures  at  Eush  Medical  College, 
Chicago,  and  after  the  close  of  the  session,  commenced  to  practice 
his  profession  at  Brimfield.  At  the  expiration  of  two  years  he 
went  to  Napanee,  Elkhart  Co. ,  Ind. ,  where  he  resided  until  1877 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  the  spring  of  that  year 
he  located  with  his  parents  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  made  that  his 
home  for  two  years,  teaching  in  connection  with  his  medical  practice. 
During  the  two  temas  of  1879-80  and  1880-81  he  attended  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  at  Keokuk,  from  which  insti- 
tution he  graduated  and  received  his  diploma.  He  then  spent  one 
year  at  Mount  Moriah,  Harrison  County,  and  then  returned  to  Mercer 
County,  soon  after  permanently  locating  at  Modena,  where  he  now 
enjoys  a  fine  practice.  Susia  A.,  daughter  of  Reuben  and  Maria 
(Rhea)  Perkins,  was  born  in  Mercer  County  March  4,  1862,  and 
married  to  Dr.  Bushong  October  13,  1881.  To  this  union  two  chil- 
dren have  been  born :  Etna  Blanche  and  Jacob  Earle.  The  Doctor  is  a 
successful  and  well-to-do  citizen,  and  has  established  a  good  practice 
in  Mercer,  Harrison  and  Grundy  Counties.  He  lives  in  a  pretty 
house  in  Modena,  and  although  he  has  not  long  been  a  resident  in 
Mercer  County,  is  well  known  and  one  of  the  popular  physicians  of 
the  county.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote 
for  U.  S.  Grant  in  1868.  He  is  a  member  of  Mercer  County  Lodge, 
A.  F.  &  A.  M.  and  Princeton  Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F. 

James  E.  Callaway,  M.  D. ,  was  born  in  Caldwell  County,  Ky., 
August  1,  1836,  and  is  a  son  of  William  D.  and  Amanda  Jane  (Wig- 
ginton)  Callaway.     The  father  was  born  in  Lexington,  Ky.,  June  18, 


BIOGKAPHICAL    APPEXDIX.  677 

1801,  and  when  a  young  man  went  to  Princeton,  Ky.,  from  which 
place  he  moved  to  Woodford  County,  111. ,  in  November,  1836.  He 
then  lived  in  various  places  in  that  State,  and  in  April,  1847,  returned 
to  Kentucky  for  a  short  time.  He  then,  in  August,  1847,  re- 
turned to  Hlinois,  and  lived  in  Cass  and  Menard  Counties  until  1875, 
when  he  located  in  Graham,  Nodaway  Co. ,  Mo.  He  remained  there 
until  1882,  and  then  went  to  Oregon,  Holt  Co. ,  Mo. ,  where  he  died 
May  24,  1884.  He  was  a  wagon  and  carriage  maker  by  trade,  and 
a  son  of  Edmond  Callaway.  The  latter  had  two  brothers,  James  and 
Thomas  C.  Callaway,  who  emigrated  from  Kentucky  to  Missouri  with 
Daniel  Boone,  when  Boone  first  came  to  the  territory  (then  Louisiana 
Territory).  James  Callaway  was  killed  by  the  Indians  in  1815  on 
Loutre  Creek,  Boone  Coiinty.  Edmond  Callaway  was  in  the  War  of 
the  Revolution;  entered  the  United  States  service  as  a  private  soldier 
when  but  thirteen  years  of  age;  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy,  and 
also  served  the  United  States  Government  in  the  War  of  1812,  and 
was  commissioned  colonel  for  gallant  services  in  the  battle  when 
the  noted  Indian  chief,  Tecumseh,  was  killed.  The  wife  of  William 
D.  and  the  mother  of  James  E.  Callaway,  was  born  in  Frankfort, 
Ky. ,  in  1809,  and  died  in  Graham,  Nodaway  County,  Mo.,  in  April, 
1880.  She  was  a  member  of  the  Christian  Chiu'ch,  as  was  also  her 
husband,  for  many  years.  After  her  death  Mr.  Callaway  again  mar- 
ried. To  his  first  marriage  ten  children  were  born,  six  of  whom  were 
sons,  who  all  served  with  credit  in  the  Union  army  during  the  Rebel- 
lion. James  E.  graduated  in  the  scientific  course  fi'om  Abingdon 
College  in  1857,  which  institute  is  situated  in  Abingdon,  Knox 
County,  111. ,  and  then  taught  school  and  studied  and  practiced  medicine 
until  August  1,  1861.  He  then  entered  Company  F,  of  the  Twenty- 
eighth  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  in  November  of  that  year  was 
made  regimental  hospital  steward,  and  served  in  that  capacitj'  and  as 
assistant  surgeon  until  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service,  three 
years  in  all.  He  then  returned  home  and  completed  his  medical 
education,  graduating  from  the  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  at  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  February  14,  '1866.  He  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Greenview,  Menard  Co.,  111.,  March,  1866,  where  he 
remained  until  March,  1868.  He  then  moved  upon  a  farm  eight 
miles  south  of  Ravanna,  Mercer  Co. ,  Mo. ,  and  for  eighteen  months 
practiced  his  profession  in  connection  with  farming.  He  then  took 
up  his  abode  in  Ravanna,  where  he  has  a  very  extensive  practice,  and 
is  regarded  as  one  of  the  leading  physicians  and  surgeons  of  the  place. 
March  21,  1860,  he  married  Mary  E.  Lji-chliter,  daughter  of  George 


il 


678  MERCER   COUNTY. 

W.  Lytchliter,  who  was  born  in  Fayette,  Howard  Co. ,  Mo. ,  Septem- 
ber, 15,  1841.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  a  large  family  of 
children;  thirteen  in  number  have  been  born.  Dr.  and  IVIrs.  Callaway 
are  members  of  the  Christian  Chui'ch  at  Ravanna,  Mo.,  of  which  the 
former  is  an  elder.  He  is  a  Republican  (and  never  cast  any  other 
kind  of  a  ballot),  is  serving  now  his  fourth  year  as  commander  of 
Rousseau  Post,  No.  80,  G.  A.  R.  Department  of  Missouri,  and  is  Bn 
aid-de-camp  on  the  staff  of  the  Department  Commander,  Gen.  E.  E. 
Kimball;  was  re-elected  Post-Commander,  December  3,  1887,  for 
the  year  1888. 

Thomas  I.  Carter,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  was  born  on  December 
2D,  1851,  in  Marion  County,  Ohio,  and  is  a  son  of  Miller  and  Mary  J. 
(Mastler)  Carter.  The  father  is  of  German  descent,  and  born  in  Knox 
County,  Ohio,  in  1829.  When  a  lad  he  went  to  Marion  County,  Ohio, 
with  his  father,  James  Carter  (whose  birth  occurred  in  Washington 
County,  Penn. ,  in  1782),  and  was  there  married,  after  which  he 
located  where  he  now  resides.  James  Carter's  wife,  formerly  Chris- 
tine Kepler,  was  born  in  Frankfort  County,  Germany,  in  1805. 
Miller  Carter's  wife  is  also  of  German  descent,  and  was  born  in  Marion 
County,  Ohio,  in  1831.  The  maternal  grandfather  of  Thomas  (John 
Mastler)  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  Penn.,  in  1797;  his  wife,  Mary 
Ann  (Gessenger)  Mastler,  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn. ,  in 
1803.  Thomas  I.  is  the  second  child  of  a  family  of  eleven,  and  was 
reared  and  educated  in  his  native  State  and  county,  making  his  home 
with  his  parents  until  of  age.  December  21,  1875,  he  was  united  in 
maiTiage  with  Miss  Mary  King,  a  native  of  the  same  county,  who  was 
born  November  9,  1856.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  five  chil- 
dren: Fahey  T. ,  born  July  17,  1878;  Jennie  P.,  born  December  31, 
1879;  King  M.,  born  November  16,  1881;  McClellan,  born  February 
19,  1884;  Ernest  Cleveland,  born  February  19,  1887.  February  2, 
1876,  Mr.  Carter  emigrated  from  Ohio  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  where 
he  bought  120  acres  of  land  in  Sections  2  and  11,  Township  65,  Range 
25,  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  now  the  owner  of  280  acres  of  land, 
which  is  the  result  of  industry,  economy  and  good  management.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  his  lirst  presidential  vote  was  cast  for 
Hancock  in  1880.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  St.  Paul  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church. 

John  W.  Chambers  was  born  in  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  July  25, 
1845,  and  is  a  son  of  Isaiah  and  Almira  (Kennedy)  Chambers.  The 
father  was  born  in  Jennings  County,  Ind.,  July  4,  1818,  and  was 
married  and  lived  in  his  native  State  until  1845.     He  then  moved  to 


BIOGKAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  679 

Mercer  County,  Mo.,  where  he  entered  160  acres  in  Section  7,  Town- 
ship 65,  Range  25,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his  days.  He 
was  a  siiecessful  farmer  and  pioneer  settler  of  Northern  Missouri,  and 
at  one  time  owned  200  acres  of  land.  He  died  in  February,  1879. 
He  had  been  a  member  of  the  Missionary  Baptist  Church,  and  a  treas- 
urer in  same  many  years,  and  was  highly  esteemed  and  honored  for  his 
honesty  and  high  principles.  His  wife  was  born  March  2,  1819,  and 
died  in  October,  1878.  John  W.  is  the  fifth  of  a  family  of  eleven  chil- 
dren, and  was  educated  at  the  district  schools  of  his  neighborhood 
during  his  youth,  making  his  home  with  his  parents  until  their  death. 
In  the  fall  of  1864  he  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Forty-eighth  Iowa  Vol- 
unteer Infantry  for  three  months,  and  was  stationed  at  Rock  Island, 
111.,  where  he  was  discharged  at  the  expiration  of  his  time  of  enlist- 
ment. March  12,  1865,  he  married  Miss  Susan  Tarwater,  who  was 
born  in  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  in  1846.  To  this  union  the  following 
children  have  been  born:  Joseph  Irving,  Audrie  Olive,  Myrtle  Isabelle 
(deceased)  and  Edith  Pearl.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Chambers 
located  in  Harrison  County,  Mo.,  where  he  owned  160  acres  of  land. 
In  1879  he  sold  his  property,  and  boTight  the  old  home  place  in  Mercer 
County  which  consisted  of  160  acres,  and  upon  which  he  now  resides. 
He  now  owns  240  acres,  and  is  one  of  the  enterprising  and  respected 
farmer  citizens  of  the  township.  In  connection  with  farming  he 
works  at  his  trade,  that  of  carpentering,  which  he  learned  when  a  boy. 
He  is  a  Republican,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Gen.  U.  S. 
Grant.  He  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  and  himself  and  wife 
belong  to  the  Baptist  Church,  of  which  he  is  the  treasui-er. 

E.  Cleary  was  born  July  17,  1827,  in  Kings  County,  Ireland,  and 
is  the  youngest  of  a  family  of  twelve  children  (six  now  living)  born  to 
Joseph  and  Elizabeth  (Egan)  Cleary.  The  parents  were  born,  reared 
and  married  in  Kings  County,  where  they  lived  until  1831.  In  the 
spring  of  that  year  they  immigrated  to  Canada,  and  settled  on  a  farm 
about  thirty  miles  from  Montreal.  The  father  died  in  1832,  and  the 
mother  in  1864.  He  was  a  glazier  by  trade,  but  after  going  to 
Canada  devoted  his  attention  to  farming.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  received  a  common-school  education  in  Canada,  and  after 
his  father's  death  engaged  in  farming  with  his  brothers  until 
1867.  He  then  engaged  in  the  firewood  and  grain  business  at  Mon- 
treal for  three  years,  after  which  time  he  immigrated  to  Missouri,  and 
located  in  Mercer  County,  Madison  Township,  upon  the  farm  where 
he  has  since  resided,  which  he  cleared  and  improved  himself.  Decem- 
ber 7,  1860,  he  married  Emma,  daughter  of  William  and  Rosanna 


680  MEKCER    COUNTY. 

(Cleary)  Craig.  She  was  born  August  8,  1837,  and  is  of  Irish  parent- 
age. To  this  marriage  eight  children  have  been  born:  Isalona  (wife 
of  I.  O.  Ewings),  Lizzie,  Jennie,  Helena,  Herbert,  Russell,  Frederick 
and  Annetta.  Mr.  Cleary  is  an  energetic  and  careful  manager,  and 
with  the  assistance  of  his  wife  has  succeeded  in  becoming  the  owner 
of  300  acres  of  improved  land  in  a  good  state  of  cultivation.  He  is  a 
Republican,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  R.  B.  Hayes.  Him- 
self, wife  and  four  children  are  worthy  members  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church. 

William  J.  Clamands  was  born  in  183(5  in  Washington  County, 
Va.,  and  is  a  son  of  Dr.  R.  T.  and  Sarah  (Wilson)  Clamands.  The 
father  was  of  German  descent,  and  born  in  Washington  County,  Va., 
December  5,  ISll.  He  was  married  in  1831,  and  about  1837  immi- 
grated to  Ray  County,  Mo.  About  1846  he  sought  a  home  in  Mercer 
County,  and  located  where  our  subject  now  lives,  where  he  passed 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  Having  studied  under  his  father,  who  was 
a  physician,  while  in  Virginia,  he  commenced  the  practice  of  the 
medical  profession  about  1840,  and  continued  the  same  for  about 
thirty-five  or  forty  years.  His  practice  called  him  from  Edinburg  or 
Trenton,  in  Grundy  County  to  Garden  Grove,  in  Decatur  County, 
Iowa,  and  he  was  obliged  to  travel  in  all  sorts  of  weather,  often  hav- 
ing to  drive  his  horse  through  swollen  streams  or  follow  Indian 
trails,  or  ride  through  prairie  grass  which  was  as  high  as  his  head 
when  on  horseback.  He  was  well-known  by  all  the  residents  within 
the  radius  above  mentioned,  and  his  name  became  a  household  word. 
While  in  Virginia  he  had  been  converted  and  joined  the  Presbyterian 
Chm-ch,  but  it  being  convenient,  he  united  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  in  1853,  and  afterward  officiated  as  a  local  preacher. 
His  death  occurred  Jime  19,  1884.  He  was  a  physician  and  surgeon 
in  the  Mormon  War.  He  was  twice  married,  and  his  second  wife, 
Lucy  R.  (Robertson)  Clamands,  yet  survives  and  makes  her  home 
with  her  step- son — W.  J.  The  mother  of  William  J.  was  born  in 
November,  1810,  and  died  in  1841,  in  the  faith  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  in  which  she  had  been  a  consistent  member.  William  J.  is 
the  only  living  child  of  a  family  of  five,  and  lost  his  mother  when  five 
years  old.  At  the  age  of  ten  he  came  to  Mercer  County,  and  October 
20,  1869,  married  Miss  Olevia,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Dorinda  Lem- 
max.  'Mis.  Clamands  was  born  in  Noble  County,  Ohio,  in  1850,  and 
is  the  mother  of  seven  children :  Robinson  T. ,  Cornelia  J. ,  Dorinda  R. , 
William  O. ,  Thomas  C,  Mary  Olevia  and  Joseph  E.  When 
eighteen  years  of  age  Mr.  Clamands  left  the  parental  roof,  and  made 


BIOGKAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  681 

an  overland  trip  to  California  and  Nevada,  the  journey  occupying  four 
months.  There  he  engaged  in  mining,  teaming  and  the  lumber 
business,  and  in  1867  returned  home  by  water  via  New  York.  After 
his  marriage  he  located  upon  the  old  homestead,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  now  owns  584  acres,  and  is  one  of  the  substantial  farmers 
of  Harrison  Township.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  in  creed 
himself  and  wife  are  Methodists,  in  which  church  he  has  been  steward 
and  trustee  for  years. 

Joseph  P.  Clodfelter  was  born  October  -i,  1850,  in  Putnam  County, 
Ind..  and  is  the  eldest  of  seven  children  of  John  and  Millie  J.  (Smith) 
Clodfelter,  natives,  respectively,  of  Gennany  and  Indiana.  The 
father  came  to  Indiana  with  his  parents  when  a  small  boy,  and  was 
there  reared  and  married.  After  his  man-iage  he  lived  in  Putnam 
County  until  about  1859,  and  then  immigrated  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. , 
and  after  living  upon  a  farm  in  Madison  Township  a  short  time 
moved  to  the  farm  in  "Washington  Township,  where  Joseph  P.  is  now 
residing.  In  1861  John  Clodfelter  enlisted  in  the  Federal  army,  and 
that  year  died  at  Benton  Barracks.  His  widow  subsequently  became 
the  wife  of  John  Vanderpool,  but  was  widowed  a  second  time  and  is 
now  living  with  her  son,  John  Vanderpool,  just  north  of  Mill  Grove. 
Joseph  P.  Clodfelter  received  a  limited  common-school  education 
during  his  youth  in  Mercer  County,  which  he  has  since  improved  by 
study  and  observation.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  life  for  him- 
self upon  a  farm  near  Princeton  upon  which  he  remained  about  one 
year.  He  then  rented  a  farm,  and  at  the  end  of  a  year  married  and 
located  upon  a  farm  north  of  Mill  Grove,  fi-om  which  he  moved  upon 
the  old  home  farm  in  the  spring  of  1880,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
He  is  an  active  and  enterprising  young  farmer,  and  although  com- 
paratively young,  owns  a  good  farm  of  210  acres  of  land,  well-cleared 
and  cultivated,  and  is  one  of  the  prosperous  farmer  citizens  of  the 
county.  August  13,  1871,  he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Mildred, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Phoebe  (Crawford)  Ballew.  Mrs.  Clod- 
felter was  born  February  3,  1854,  in  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  has 
borne  our  subject  six  children,  five  of  whom  are  living:  Lovie  May, 
Charles  Winfield,  Houston  K.,  Don  "Wilburn  and  Scott.  Mr.  Clod- 
felter was  formerly  a  Democrat,  but  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for 
U.  S.  Grant,  and  has  since  that  time  sympathized  with  the  Repub- 
licans. Himself  and  wife  are  active  members  of  the  Protestant  Meth- 
odist Church,  and  liberal  donators  to  religious  and  educational  enter- 
prises. 

Isaac  Coker  was  born  in  Morgan  County,    111. ,   March  20,    1829, 

43 


682  MEKCEE   COUNTY. 

and  is  a  son  of  Dennis  and  Sarah  (Jones)  Coker.  The  father  was  born 
in  Georgia  about  1792,  and  died  in  Morgan  County,  111.,  in  1875.  He 
was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  was  also  engaged  in  many 
skirmishes  with  the  Indians.  After  the  war  he  settled  in  Spencer 
County,  Ind. ,  and  from  there  went  to  Morgan  County,  111.  His  occu- 
pation was  that  of  farming.  The  mother,  it  is  thought,  was  a  native 
of  Spencer  County,  Ind. ,  and  her  death  occurred  in  Morgan  County, 
111.  Isaac  was  the  fifth  of  a  family  of  nine  children,  seven  of  whom 
are  now  living.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Illinois 
during  his  youth,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen  left  home  for  a  year,  and 
worked  for  difPerent  people.  He  then  returned  home  and  remained 
until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  when  he  was  employed  by  Theodore 
Stout,  a  neighbor,  for  whom  he  worked  three  years.  He  was  then 
married  to  Hannah  Powers,  a  native  of  Warrick  County,  Ind. ,  whose 
death  occurred  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  May  21,  1879.  She  was  a 
daughter  of  Massum  and  Jane  Powers,  and  bore  Mr.  Coker  eight 
children,  foiu' now  living:  Elias,  Margaret  F.,  Polly  A.  and  Isaac. 
Those  deceased  are  Melvina,  Clarissa  Jane,  Massum  and  Hannah 
M.  After  his  marriage  he  farmed  upon  rented  land  for  two  years,  and 
purchased  ground  and  farmed  until  1856.  After  selling  that  farm  he 
moved  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  where  he  bought  130  acres,  to  which 
he  has  since  added  until  he  now.  owns  210  acres.  The  land  when  he 
bought  it  was  in  an  uncultivated  condition,  with  but  fifteen  acres 
broken,  and  no  improvements  save  a  log  cabin,  but  by  labor  and 
industry  he  has  converted  it  into  one  of  the  nicest  and  best  improved 
farms  in  the  county.  In  1861  he  returned  to  Morgan  County,  111., 
and  from  there  went  to  Jasper  County,  Iowa,  in  1864,  but  in  the  fall 
of  the  following  year  he  returned  to  Mercer  County,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  Mr.  Coker  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  but  has  never  held 
office.  He  is  an  enterprising  citizen,  and  takes  interest  in  all  projects 
for  the  advancement  of  his  county. 

Rev.  Lorenzo  D.  Collings  was  born  in  Putnam  County,  Ind. ,  April 
15,  1885,  and  is  a  son  of  Abram  S.  and  Lydia  (Grimes)  Collings, 
natives  of  Shelby  County,  Ky.  The  father  was  born  in  1800,  and 
died  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  in  1862.  Mrs.  Collings  died  in  the  same 
county  in  1885.  The  father  engaged  in  farming  a  number  of  years, 
and  for  some  time  kept  the  only  hotel  between  Terre  Haute  and  Indian- 
apolis, Ind.  He  received  a  good  education  while  in  Kentucky,  and  at 
an  early  age  became  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Methodist  Church. 
He  was  afterward  ordained,  and  during  his  lifetime  traveled  as  a  cir- 
cuit preacher  in  Indiana  and   Missouri.       He  was  married  while   in 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  683 

Shelby  County,  Ky. ,  to  Lydia  Grimes,  who  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Protestant  Methodist  Church;  and  to  this  union  twelve  children  were 
born,  of  whom  Lorenzo  is  the  fourth,  and  six  of  whom  are  still  living. 
Lorenzo  was  educated  in  Putnam  County,  Ind.,  and  Mercer  County, 
Mo. ,  at  the  primitive  school-houses  of  those  early  times,  and  has  since, 
by  reading  and  observation,  become  a  well-informed  man.  When 
twenty-two  years  old  he  was  licensed  a  local  preacher,  and  two  years 
later  ordained  a  minister  by  the  Northern  Missouri  Protestant  Meth- 
odist Church  Conference.  His  circuits  have  since  included  the  Sheri- 
dan, Wyreka,  Ravanna  and  others.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in  Company 
M,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry,  under  Col.  Merrill,  and  served  until  May, 
1865,  participating  in  many  skirmishes.  Upon  his  return  home  he 
found  his  church  divided  upon  the  question  of  slavery,  the  northern 
wing  having  assumed  the  name  of  the  Methodist  Church.  Not  liking 
the  name  Mr.  Collings  joined  the  church  of  the  United  Brethren  in 
Christ  until  a  delegation  of  the  two  wings  of  the  old  church  met,  and 
assumed  the  old  name  and  discipline.  Mr.  Collings  then  severed  his 
relations  with  the  United  Brethren  Church  and  became  a  member  of 
the  new  organization.  During  the  seven  years  he  was  with  the  United 
Brethren  Church  he  traveled  as  a  circuit  preacher  in  Mercer,  Grundy 
and  Linn  Counties,  but  after  rejoining  the  Protestant  Methodist 
Church,  at  his  own  request,  never  received  an  appointment.  August 
5,  1853,  he  was  united  in  marriage,  by  Eev.  Lewis  Ellis,  with  Sophia 
Catherine  Weesner,  who  was  born  Mai'ch  3,  1834,  and  is  a  daughter 
of  Charles  Weesner,  of  Rowan  County,  N.  C.  This  union  has  been 
blessed  with  nine  children,  seven  now  living:  Lydia  E.,  Rhoda  A., 
Sarah  C. ,  Abram  V. ,  Lorenzo  D. ,  Jr. ,  William  M.  and  Halley  B.  Those 
deceased  are  Mary  A.  and  Chestina.  Mrs.  Collings  and  the  two  eld- 
est children  are  members  of  the  Protestant  Methodist  Church.  Mr. 
Collings  is  a  well-to-do  citizen,  and  owns  a  good  farm  of  170  acres, 
well  located,  which  he  has  improved  and  cultivated.  He  was  poor 
when  starting  out  in  life,  and  his  property  is  the  result  of  industry  and 
economy.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  He 
is  always  interested  in  all  projects  for  the  educational  and  religious 
advancement  of  the  county,  and  is  a  highly  respected  citizen. 

Absalom  W.  C.  Collins  was  born  in  Morgan  County,  Ind.,  in  1839, 
and  being  left  an  orphan  in  early  childhood  made  his  home  with  an 
uncle  during  his  youth.  He  first  attended  the  district  schools  in  the 
neighborhood,  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  went  to  the  Normandy  (Ind. ) 
Academy  for  two  terms.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  taught  a  district 
school,  and  with  his  earnings  paid  for  his  tuition  at  school  again.     In 


684  MERCER    COUNTY. 

this  way  he  received  a  good  education  which  he  has  utilized  by  teach- 
ing school  more  or  less  ditring  his  lifetime.  In  1856  he  immigrated 
to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  taught  about  five  years.  He  was  there 
married  to  Sophia,  daughter  of  Charles  Lusk,  formerly  of  Ohio.  To 
this  union  five  sons  and  five  daughters  were  born :  Horace  B. ,  Velma 
E.,  Bascom  E.,  Emerson  E.,  Althea  V.,  Clifton  O.,  Tennie  E.,  Wilkie 
C,  Belva  V.  and  Vinnie  E.  Althea  died  in  early  childhood,  but  the 
remainder  of  the  children  are  living  at  home  with  their  parents.  DiU'- 
ing  the  war  Mr.  Collins  was  in  full  sympathy  with  the  war  for  the 
preservation  of  the  Union.  After  peace  was  declared  he  purchased 
some  land  which  he  subsequently  sold  profitably,  and  then  purchased 
the  200  acres  where  he  now  resides.  This  land  is  well  cultivated,  and 
fifteen  acres  are  devoted  to  a  fine  orchard  which  is  unsurpassed  in  the 
township.  Mr.  Collins  has  served  two  terms  as  township  clerk  by 
election,  and  has  also  filled  the  oflice  of  deputy  assessor  two  terms. 
In  polities  he  is  a  stanch  Republican.  He  is  a  successful  farmer  and 
stock  raiser,  making  a  specialty  of  hogs,  and  raising  more  corn  than  any 
other  man  in  the  township. 

George  H.  Combs  was  born  in  Athens  County,  Ohio,  March  20, 
1833,  and  is  a  son  of  William  R.  and  Esther  S.  Combs,  natives, 
respectively,  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey.  They  were  married 
about  the  year  1817,  and  their  union  was  blessed  with  seven  sons  and 
two  daughters,  all  of  whom  were  reared  to  maturity.  The  father  died 
in  1859  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  the  mother  in  1873  in  the  same 
county.  George  H.  immigrated  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  in  1855,  of 
which  he  has  since  been  a  resident.  He  was  married  in  Decatur 
County,  Iowa,  February  22,  1855,  to  a  daughter  of  Samuel  R.  and 
Martha  Lowry,  with  whom  he  emigrated  west  in  1854.  To  this 
union  five  daughters  and  two  sons  were  born:  Sarah  A.,  born  January 
13,  1856;  Samuel  L.,  born  March  15,  1858;  Eliza  A.,  born  December 
25,  1859;  Martha  E.,  born  January  16,  1863,  died  August  12,  1863; 
Susan  N.,  born  May  25,  1864;  Laura  A.,  born  April  6,  1867;  John 
W.,  born  February  27,  1871.  Mr.  Combs  lost  his  wife  January  29, 
1879,  and  in  1880  married  Luzana  Lowry,  widow  of  Andrew  Lowry. 
Mr.  Combs  is  a  Freemason  of  high  standing,  and  in  politics  is  a 
stanch  Republican.  He  is  a  leading  man  in  his  neighborhood,  and 
served  as  justice  of  the  peace  a  number  of  years.  He  is  now  discharg- 
ing the  duties  of  the  office  of  county  assessor  in  a  creditable  and  worthy 
manner,  and  also  manages  his  farm  of  222  acres,  which  yields  him  a 
comfortable  living.  During  the  Rebellion  he  fought  for  the  Union 
cause,  and  was  in  the  battle  of  Franklin,  Tenn.     He  was  honorably 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  685 

discharged  on  account  of  disability,  and  has  since  lived  a  quiet  farmer's 
life,  esteemed  by  his  friends  and  neighbors.  The  father  of  his  first 
wife,  Samuel  R.  Lowry,  was  a  prominent  and  influential  man  in  Rich- 
land County,  111.,  who  left  a  large  circle  of  friends  and  acquaintances 
to  mourn  his  loss. 

Perry  Constable  was  born  in  Hardy  County,  Va. ,  in  1836,  and  is 
a  son  of  William  and  Martha  (Evans)  Constable.  The  father  was  of 
Scotch  descent,  and  was  also  born  in  Hardy  County,  in  1809.  In 
1838  he  moved  to  Franklin  County,  Ohio,  and  in  1840  came  to  Mercer 
County,  Mo.,  at  first  settling  in  Lindley  Township.  He  soon  after 
located  upon  the  farm  now  owned  by  David  Vanvactor.  He  entered 
160  acres  of  land  now  owned  by  his  son-in-law,  Jesse  Mulvaney,  and 
in  1851  bought  the  farm  now  owned  by  Isaac  Tillotson,  upon  which 
place  he  died  in  1853.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  the 
county,  and  his  occupation  was  that  of  farming.  The  mother  was  of 
German  descent,  and  born  in  Hampshire  County,  Va.  She  was  the 
mother  of  six  children,  of  whom  our  subject  is  the  second,  and  died 
in  January,  1861.  Perry  was  but  foiu-  years  old  when  brought  to 
Mercer  County,  and  made  his  home  with  his  mother  until  he  had 
reached  manhood.  In  1856  he  married  Miss  Andocia  Banks,  nee 
Smothers,  daughter  of  Benjamin  and  Nancy  Smothers.  Mi's.  Con- 
stable was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Ind. ,  in  1835,  and  is  the  mother 
of  eleven  living  children:  Mary  Ann  (wife  of  James  O'Neal), 
Martha  Jane  (wife  of  Joseph  Brown),  William  B. ,  Francis  M. ,  Ari- 
zona, Maria,  Rebecca,  Elmer,  Frank  and  Larkin.  By  her  first  mar- 
riage, with  Aaron  Banks,  Mi-s.  Constable  had  one  child — Joseph  Jones. 
In  1857  Mr.  Constable  decided  to  make  Texas  his  future  home,  but 
when  he  arrived  in  Arkansas,  while  on  his  journey,  abandoned  the 
idea,  and  returned  to  Mercer  County.  He  was  a  strong  Union  man 
during  the  war,  and  March  15,  1862,  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Third 
Missouri  State  MUitia  Cavalry.  After  eleven  months'  service  he  was 
transferred  to  Company  I,  Seventh  Regiment,  Missouri  State  Militia 
Cavalry,  of  which  he  was  elected  duty  sergeant.  He  participated  in 
the  battles  fought  at  Jefferson  City,  Marshall,  Big  Blue  and  Mine 
Creek,  besides  numerous  other  engagements.  He  was  mustered  out 
at  Wan-ensburg,  Mo.,  April  3,  1865,  and  discharged  at  St.  Louis. 
The  same  year  he  bought  seventy  acres  of  land  where  he  now  lives,  to 
which  he  has  added  iintil  he  now  owns  260  acres,  and  is  considered 
one  of  the  substantial  men  of  the  township.  He  lives  in  a  good 
frame  dwelling  the  erection  of  which  cost  $800,  and  is  a  siiceess- 
ful  farmer.  He  is  a  Republican,  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  a 
Master  Mason.     His  wife  belongs  to  the  Christian  Church. 


686  '§  MEECEB   COUNTY. 

Jackson  Cook  was  born  in  Claiborne  County,  Tenn. ,  December 
27,  1840,  and  his  parents,  Wiley  and  Lucinda  (Harper)  Cook,  were 
both  born  in  the  same  State.  The  father  immigrated  to  Missouri  in 
1843,  locating  first  near  Independence,  but  removing  to  Mercer 
County  in  1847.  wheip  he  has  since  resided  upon  a  farm  in  Princeton 
Township.  He  is  ofle  of  the  oldest  pioneer  settlers  of  the  county 
now  living,  and  is  highly  respected  in  the  community  where  he  is 
known.  Five  of  his  children  are  living:  Insley,  of  Washington 
Territory,  Jackson,  Sarah  (wife  of  Wesley  Clark,  of  Mercer  County), 
John  T.  and  Alcy  (wife  of  Calvin  Curtis).  Jackson  was  reared  upon 
a  farm  in  Mercer  County,  and  during  his  youth  secured  a  common- 
school  education.  He  engaged  in  farming  until  the  close  of  the  Eebel- 
lion,  when  he  removed  to  Princeton,  where  he  has  since  successfully 
engaged  in  the  furniture  business.  He  carries  at  his  store  on  the 
west  side  a  large  and  good  stock  of  furnitiu'e,  carpets,  window  shades, 
etc. ,  and  has  the  only  undertaking  establishment  in  Princeton.  He  is 
also  engaged  in  the  sale  of  pianos  and  organs,  in  partnership  with  T. 
E.  Evans,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  Princeton's  well-to-do  and  enter- 
prising business  men.  In  1861  Mr.  Cook  married  Elizabeth  Hutchi- 
son, a  native  of  Lincoln  County,  Ky. ,  by  whom  he  has  had  five  chil- 
dren: Amanda  J.,  John  H.,  William,  Prank  and  Claude.  Mr.  Cook 
is  a  Republican,  and  during  the  late  war  served  six  months  in  the 
State  Militia.  He  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the 
I.  O.  O.  F. 

Richard  Coon  was  bom  July  29,  1859,  in  Washingtoq  Township, 
Mercer  Co.,  Mo.,  and  is  the  third  of  a  family  of  six  children, 
three  of  whom  are  still  living.  His  parents,  Stanley  W.  and  Eliza- 
beth (Wilkerson)  Coon,  are  natives,  respectively,  of  Ohio  and  Virginia, 
and  during  their  youth  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  where  they  were 
married.  They  then  settled  upon  the  farm  now  owned  by  P.  Harri- 
man,  and  at  the  expiration  of  fifteen  years  moved  upon  the  place  now 
owned  by  William  Vandeveer.  In  the  fall  of  1883  they  moved  to  a 
farm  which  the  father  had  purchased  in  Medicine  Township,  where 
they  are  still  living.  Richard  Coon  began  life  for  himself  at  the  age 
of  eighteen,  and  until  September,  1883,  farmed  upon  rented  land.  He 
then  established  his  present  hardware  business  at  Mill  Grove,  and 
although  a  young  man,  is  one  of  the  enterprising  merchants  of  the 
town.  He  owns  120  acres  of  land  in  Medicine  Township,  three  lots 
and  two  dwellings  in  Mill  Grove,  and  his  store  and  stock  of  goods. 
He  is  a  Democrat  in  polities,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for 
Hancock  in  1880,  but  although  he  is  an  active   and  hearty  worker  for 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  687 

his  party  always  votes  for  the  best  man  for  local  offices,  and  is  no 
aspirant  for  political  honors  himself.  May  20,  1877,  he  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Ella,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Martha  (Nichols) 
Ewing,  and  to  this  iinion  three  children  have  been  born,  two  pf  whom 
are  living:  Clifford  E.  and  Bonnie  Lee.  Mrs.  Coon  was  born  May  23, 
1859,  in  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  is  a  worthy  member  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  as  is  also  Mr.  Coon.  They  are  highly 
respected  citizens,  and  liberal  supporters  of  educational  and  religious 
enterprises. 

Simon  H.  Croft  was  born  February  2,  1859,  in  Oxford  County, 
Canada.  His  parents,  Frederick  and  Mary  (daughter  of  Simon  Heist) 
Croft,  were  both  natives  of  Canada,  and  immigrated  to  Macon  County, 
Mo. ,  in  1869,  where  they  lived  two  years  and  then  moved  to  Daviess 
County,  Mo.,  where  the  mother  shortly  after  died.  The  father 
remained  in  that  county  until  July  19,  1887,  when  he  joined  his  wife 
beyond.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  at  that  time  general  agent  for 
the  Chicago,  Eock Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  at  Marion,  Mercer  Co., 
Mo. ,  and  a  younger  brother  then  living  in  Daviess  County  came  and 
made  his  home  with  Simon  H.  During  his  youth  the  educational  advan- 
tages of  Simon  H.  Croft  were  very  limited,  and  his  school  life  con- 
sisted of  but  about  three  months  in  all.  He  was,  however,  of  a  studi- 
ous nature,  and  by  close  application  to  books  and  hard  study  during 
his  leisure  moments  he  has  acqviired  a  fair  amount  of  knowledge  and 
become  a  well-informed  man.  He  worked  upon  a  farm  until  eighteen 
years  of  age,  and  in  1877  was  employed  by  the  above  named  railroad 
company  as  a  section  hand,  in  which  capacity  he  worked  about  three 
years.  In  the  meantime  he  had  formed  a  friendship  with  a  telegraph 
operator  at  Winston  Station,  and  began  to  learn  telegraphy.  In  a 
year's  time  he  was  able  to  satisfactorily  perform  the  duties  of  teleg- 
rapher at  Leavenworth,  Kas. ,  where  he  passed  three  years.  He 
was  then  induced  to  accept  the  agency  of  Winston  Station,  where  he 
remained  until  the  railroad  company  sent  him  to  Marion  Station,  Mo. 
He  now  holds  the  position  of  general  agent  at  that  point,  and  owns  a 
nice  little  home,  where  his  sister  presides  as  housekeeper,  and  hie 
brother,  Aaron,  makes  his  home.  He  is  an  enterprising  young  man, 
and  esteemed  by  his  acquaintances,  and  is  one  of  the  board  of  direct- 
ors of  public  schools. 

James  Daly,  proprietor  of  the  Princeton  House,  was  born  in 
County  Gallaway,  Ireland,  June  24,  1842,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and 
Mary  (Fallon)  Daly,  also  natives  of  Ireland,  where  they  passed  their 
lives.     James  was   left   an   orphan   early  in  life,  and  in  1854  immi- 


688  MEECER   COUNTY. 

grated  to  the  United  States,  locating  first  in  Fayette  County,  Ohio,  upon 
a  farm.  In  September,  1855,  he  came  west  to  Mercer  County,  Mo., 
where  he  married  Mary  O'Reiley  in  1865.  In  1883  he  moved  to 
Trenton,  Mo.,  and  conducted  the  Omahart  Hotel  there  for  a  year  and 
a  half.  December  1,  1884,  he  came  to  Princeton,  and  took  charge  of 
the  Princeton  House,  which  he  has  since  conducted  successfully,  and 
as  it  is  the  only  first-class  hotel  in  Princeton,  he  enjoys  the  leading 
patronage  of  the  traveling  public.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics, 
and  during  the  Rebellion,  in  the  year  1861,  enlisted  in  the  first  Mis- 
souri Cavalry,  United  States  army.  He  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war,  and  in  1863  was  promoted  to  be  second  lieutenant,  which 
position  he  held  until  mustered  out.  While  in  service  he  lost  his  right 
eye.  He  is  the  father  of  eight  living  children:  William  J.,  Edward 
P. ,  Lizzie,  Cassie,  Frank,  Mollie,  Joseph  and  Maggie.  Mr.  Daly  is 
a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  himself  and  family  belong  to  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church. 

William  H.  Davis  was  born  November  25,  1887,  in  Hardy  County, 
Va.,  and  is  a  son  of  Jonathan  M.  and  Elizabeth  (Constable)  Davis. 
The  father  was  also  a  native  of  Hardy  County,  and  born  in  1814. 
His  father,  Henry  M.  Davis,  was  born  in  Wales,  and  came  to  America, 
where  he  married,  and  locating  in  Virginia  embarked  in  mercantile 
life;  he  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  Jonathan  M.  lived  in 
his  native  State  and  county  until  the  fall  of  1843,  when  he  came  to 
Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  settled  upon  the  farm  now  owned  by  W. 
J.  Clamands.  He  resided  in  Harrison  Township  until  about  1878, 
when  he  removed  to  Lindley  Township,  at  which  place  he  died  Feb- 
ruary 24,  1884.  He  was  a  pioneer  settler  of  the  county,  and  for 
many  years  ran  a  saw  and  grist  mill  in  partnership  with  his  brother- 
in  law,  William  Constable,  on  Grand  River,  near  the  mill  of  James 
P.  Anderson.  His  wife  was  born  in  Hardy  County,  Va. ,  in  1815, 
and  died  January  22,  1884.  William  H.  is  the  second  of  a  familj' 
of  eleven  children,  anel  when  six  years  old  was  brought  by  his  par- 
ents to  Mercer  County,  with  whom  he  remained,  working  on  his 
father's  farm  or  in  the  mill  until  twenty-five  years  of  age.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1863,  he  married  Delilah  A.  Wolf,  daiighter  of  John  and 
Sarah  Wolf,  who  came  to  the  county  in  1840.  Mrs.  Davis  was  born 
in  Harrison  Township,  of  this  county,  October  11,  1841,  and  has  two 
children:  William  Sherman  and  George  Davenport.  The  former 
works  upon  his  father's  farm,  and  the  latter  farms  in  Montana.  In 
1867  Mr,  Davis  bought  forty  acres  of  land,  where  he  has  since 
resided,    but  to  which  he  has  added  until  he   now  owns  300   acres. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  689 

His  son,  Sherman,  is  the  owner  of  160  acres,  and  in  partnership  with 
his  father  keeps  on  an  average  150  head  of  stock.  In  the  summer  of 
1885  Mr.  Davis  erected  a  handsome  dwelling,  at  a  cost  of  $1,300. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for 
Douglas  in  1860.     During  the  war  he  served  in  the  Home  Militia. 

Clark  Deshler  was  born  June  7,  1830,  in  Athens  County,  Ohio, 
and  is  the  eighth  of  fourteen  children  (six  deceased)  of  Christopher 
and  Nancy  (Phillips)  Deshler,  natives  of  Virginia.  They  were  mar- 
ried in  Ohio,  and  after  their  marriage  settled  on  a  farm  in  Athens 
County,  where  the  father  died  in  1863.  The  mother  then  lived  with 
her  daughter,  Mrs.  Lida  Sutherdon,  until  her  death  in  1874.  The 
father  was  an  expert  brick  mason  by  trade,  was  the  builder  of  the 
Athens  County  University,  and  the  greater  number  of  brick  buildings 
in  the  town  of  Athens,  which  was  but  a  rye  field  when  he  first  came 
to  the  county,  but  is  now  a  town  of  about  2,500  inhabitants.  In  con- 
nection with  his  trade  he  farmed  in  the  summer  and  manufactured 
chairs  in  the  winter.  He  was  prominently  identified  with  the  upbuild- 
ing of  the  county,  and  his  loss  was  mourned  by  a  large  circle  of  friends. 
Clark  remained  with  his  parents  until  twenty-two  years  of  age,  and 
then  in  company  with  his  brother,  Horace  W. ,  and  forty-two  others, 
started  for  California,  via  New  York,  Aspinwall  and  the  Isthmus. 
Just  before  reaching  Kingston,  Jamaica,  the  ship  in  which  they  had 
taken  passage,  was  badly  wrecked,  but  they  finally  reached  their 
destination  in  safety,  after  one  of  the  most  perilous  and  tedious  jour- 
neys ever  made  over  that  route.  They  landed  at  San  Francisco  on 
the  2d  of  April,  1852,  having  been  nearly  four  months  upon  the 
journey.  They  remained  in  San  Francisco  but  a  short  time,  and  then 
proceeded  upon  a  steamer  to  Stockton,  where  Clark  met  a  merchant 
who  knew  a  brother  of  his  who  had  proceeded  him  to  California  two 
years  before.  Their  new  acquaintance  offered  them  money,  and  any 
assistance  to  reach  their  destination,  and  they  then  proceeded  seventy- 
five  miles  on  foot  to  the  mines.  Clark  spent  one  month  in  the 
mines,  six  weeks  engaged  in  haying,  three  months  in  threshing  and 
then  bought  a  mule  team,  and  until  January,  1858,  hauled  mining 
tools  and  provender  to  the  mines.  Previous  to  the  close  of  1857  he 
was  married  (December  30)  to  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Frances  (Hope)  Zieger.  In  1858  he  started  homeward  with  his  wife, 
and  after  a  pleasant  journey  arrived  in  New  York,  the  27th  of  Janu- 
ary. There  Mrs.  Deshler  remained  with  her  brothers,  while  Mr. 
Deshler  went  to  Philadelphia  to  deposit  the  gold  dust  he  had  accu- 
mulated in  California,   and  which  he  wished   converted  into   money. 


690  MEECEE   COUKTY. 

From  there  he  went  fco  visit  his  parents  in  Athens,  and  then  went 
back  east  for  his  wife  and  money.  He  subsequently  resided  in  Athens 
County,  Ohio,  two  years,  and  then  immigrated  to  Missouri,  where  he 
settled  upon  a  farm  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county.  A  year 
later  he  permanently  located  upon  his  farm  in  Madison  Township, 
Mercer  County,  where  he  has  since  resided.  On  September  2,  1862, 
he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Thirty-fifth  Missouri  Infantry,  and  was 
soon  ordered  to  St.  Joseph.  From  there  he  went  to  St.  Louis,  where 
the  troops  were  armed,  and  in  the  spring  of  1863  started  for  the 
south.  He  served  three  years,  part  of  the  time  as  sergeant,  and 
was  at  the  battles  of  Helena,  Ark. ;  Shell  Mound,  Miss. ,  and  several 
important  skirmishes.  He  was  honorably  discharged  June  28,  1865, 
but  not  mustered  out  until  July  15.  Two  days  later  he  arrived 
home  to  his  farm  duties.  Mrs.  Deshler  was  born  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence River,  March  8,  1838,  and  is  the  mother  of  seven  children: 
W.  H.,  C.  L.,  Carrie  F.,  Estella  May,  wife  of  William  Fadke;  Albert  P., 
E.  H.  and  E.  B.  Mr.  Deshler  started  for  California  when  but  a 
young  man,  with  no  capital,  but  now  owns  202  acres  of  fine  land  in 
Mercer  County,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  leading  and  prosperous 
citizens  of  the  same,  and  a  self-made  man.  He  is  a  Republican, 
and  was  elected  judge  of  the  first  district  of  Mercer  County  by  that 
party  in  1886,  and  is  now  discharging  the  duties  of  that  ofiSice  in 
connection  with  his  agricultural  pursuits.  Previous  to  the  war  he 
was  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  F.  K.  Pierce 
in  1852.  Himself  and  wife  are  active  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church. 

John  Dodge  was  born  November  16,  1820,  in  Sullivan  County,  N. 
Y.,  and  is  a  son  of  Jonathan  and  Hannah  (Brown)  Dodge,  natives  of 
Long  Island  and  New  York,  respectively.  They  were  married  in  the 
latter  State,  and  lived  in  Sullivan  County  until  the  father's  death  in 
1827.  Soon  after  the  mother  immigrated  with  her  children  to  Illinois, 
where  she  settled  in  McHenry  County,  at  which  place  her  death 
occurred  in  1870.  John  Dodge  was  educated  in  the  common  schools 
of  his  native  county,  and  at  the  tender  age  of  eleven  began  to  care  for 
himself.  He  worked  in  a  card-board  factory  in  Sullivan  County,  N. 
Y. ,  for  nine  years,  and  then  engaged  at  carpentering  four  years.  He 
then  farmed  for  two  years,  after  which  he  moved  to  Illinois,  and  set- 
tled in  McHenry  County.  In  the  spring  of  1850  he  went  to  Califor- 
nia, and  until  June,  1854,  worked  in  the  mines.  He  then  returned  to 
McHenry  County,  lU. ,  and  the  following  spring  sold  out  and  moved  to 
Mercer  County,  Mo.     There  he  purchased  a  tract  of  land,  upon  which 


BIOGBAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  691 

he  has  since  resided,  with  the  exception  of  the  time  spent  in  war. 
September  30,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Thirty-fifth  Regiment 
of  Infantry,  and  remained  in  service  until  June  12,  1865,  when  he 
was  discharged  on  account  of  disability  contracted  while  in  service. 
After  his  return  home  on  March  15,  1868,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Julia  C,  daughter  of  Silas  and  Tabitha  (Haven)  Hartshorn. 
Mrs.  Dodge  was  born  June  14,  1836,  in  Washington  County,  Ohio, 
and  in  1845  went  with  her  parents  to  Crawford  County,  111.,  and  in 
1850  to  Grundy  County,  Mo.  She  was  married  at  her  home  in  Mercer 
County.  Mr.  Dodge  is  a  self-made  man.  Having  been  cast  upon  his 
own  resources  when  but  a  boy,  by  industry  and  the  assistance  of  his 
faithful  wife  is  now  the  owner  of  320  acres  of  good  land,  most  of 
which  is  well  cleared  and  cultivated.  He  owns  forty  acres  of  timber 
land  besides  his  farm,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  substantial  farmers 
of  the  county.  Previous  to  the  war  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  his  first 
presidential  vote  was  cast  for  the  Democratic  nominee  in  1844,  but 
since  the  war  he  has  become  identified  with  the  Republican  party. 

James  P.  Drake  was  born  in  Richland  County,  Ohio,  December  4, 
1839,  and  is  the  son  of  James  T.  and  Catherine  (Sneath)  Drake, 
natives  of  New  York  and  Maryland,  respectively.  In  1814  the  father 
moved  to  Ohio,  .and  located  in  Erie  County  in  1814,  and  while  in  Ohio, 
was  married  in  1833,  after  which  he  continued  to  live  in  that  State 
until  1866.  He  then  moved  to  Missouri,  and  settled  upon  a  farm 
near  Princeton,  where  himself  and  wife  have  since  resided,  and  are 
classed  among  the  old  and  respected  citizens  of  Mercer  County. 
James  P.  Drake  was  reared  principally  in  Erie  County,  and  remained 
at  home  with  his  parents  until  1859,  after  which  he  resided  in  Texas 
eight  years.  While  there  he  served  in  the  Confederate  army,  under 
Gen.  Parsons,  from  May  29,  1862,  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Imme- 
diately after  the  cessation  of  hostilities  he  was  married,  and  in  1867 
came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  settled  upon  his  present  farm  in 
Ravanna  Township,  upon  which  he  has  since  lived,  with  the  exception 
of  two  years  spent  in  the  mercantile  business  in  the  town  of  Ravanna. 
He  now  owns  one  of  the  nicest  farms  in  the  county,  consisting  of  435 
acres,  all  fenced,  and  under  a  fine  state  of  cultivation.  The  improve- 
ments are  of  the  best,  and  his  residence  and  barn  are  substantial  and 
comfortable.  His  marriage  occurred  in  Texas,  December  3,  1865,  Miss 
Mary  J.  Meador  becoming  his  wife.  She  was  born  in  Alabama,  and 
is  a  daughter  of  William  and  Sarah  Meador,  natives  of  North  Carolina. 
This  union  has  been  blessed  with  the  following  six  children:  Sarah  C, 
Edie,  Matella,  James,  Charles  and  Thomas  P.     Mr.  Drake  is  one  of 


692  MERGER   COUNTY. 

the  substantial  and  successful  farmers  of  Mercer  County,  and  for  the 
past  eight  years  has  been  extensively  engaged  in  shipping  stock.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  a  highly  respected  citizen. 
In  politics  he  is  Independent,  and  has  served  one  term  as  county 
judge. 

John  T.  Duncan  was  born  in  Tennessee  May  7,  1831.  His  father, 
Alfred  G.,  and  his  mother,  Elinor,  daughter  of  John  Duncan,  were 
cousins,  and  natives  of  Tennessee.  After  their  marriage  they  immi- 
grated to  Missouri,  where  John  was  reared  upon  a  farm,  and  lived 
with  his  parents  until  his  marriage.  In  1856  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Harriet,  daughter  of  Charles  Wakefield,  by  whom  four 
childi'en  were  bom:  Mary  E.,  Alfred  G.  (deceased),  Charles  A.  and 
Harriet  E.  (deceased).  Mrs.  Duncan  died  on  December  22,  1863, 
and  Mr.  Duncan  then  moved  from  his  own  farm,  and  took  his  children 
to  his  mother,  with  whom  he  made  his  home  until  February  8,  1866, 
when  he  married  Mary  D. ,  daughter  of  James  H.  Brown.  He  then 
returned  to  his  own  place,  which  now  consists  of  235  acres  in  the 
homestead,  all  fenced,  well  improved,  and  upon  which  are  a  good 
residence  and  comfortable  outbuildings.  To  his  second  union  the 
following  children  have  been  born:  James  H. ,  Eliza  A.,  Susan  E., 
Sarah  I.,  William  M.  (deceased),  Edith  L. ,  Arthur  C.  (deceased)  and 
Theodosia.  Mr.  Duncan  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  during  the 
war  lent  his  influence  to  the  Union  army.  He  is  an  old  pioneer 
settler  of  Mercer  County,  and  has  noted  the  advancement  of  the  coun- 
try since  its  early  history.  He  often  compares  the  manner  of  his  life 
in  the  olden  times  with  the  present,  and  longs  for  the  days  of  ' '  auld 
lang  syne,"  when  he  was  obliged  to  beat  corn  on  a  stump  to  make  the 
bread  which  he  cooked  upon  a  board. 

James  D.  Dykes  was  born  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  March  8,  1847, 
and  is  a  son  of  James  and  Jennie  (Foster)  Dykes.  The  father  is  of 
English  descent,  and  born  in  Anderson  County,  Tenn.,  in  1812,  where 
he  was  reared  upon  a  farm  and  married.  In  1845  he  immigrated  to 
Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  settled  in  Morgan  Township,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  lives  upon  the  farm  he  originally  entered,  and  is 
the  owner  of  400  acres.  During  the  Eebellion  he  served  as  second 
lieutenant  in  Company  M,  Twelfth  Missouri  Cavalry.  He  has  been 
twice  married,  his  second  wife,  Mary  (Wilson)  Dykes,  still  living. 
His  first  wife,  and  the  mother  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  Tennessee 
in  1812,  and  died  in  1853.  James  D.  is  the  youngest  of  a  family  of 
six  children,  and  during  his  younger  days  received  a  common- school 
education.     In  1867  he  entered  the  State  University  at  Columbia, 


BIOGEAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  693 

which  he  attended  fifteen  months,  and  then  taught  school  for  about 
ten  terms  in  Mercer  County,  beginning  that  vocation  at  the  age  of 
nineteen.  August  15,  1875,  he  married  Miss  Alice  V.  Smith,  daugh- 
ter of  George  W.  and  Matilda  Ann  (Walton)  Smith,  natives  of  North 
Carolina,  who  came  to  Mercer  County  in  1856.  Mrs.  Dykes  was  born 
April  1,  1853,  in  Rowan  County,  N.  C. ,  and  is  the  mother  of  the  fol- 
lowing five  children:  Annie  J.,  George  S.  (deceased),  Nellie  May 
(deceased),  Dollie  W.,  and  James  W.  Mr.  Dykes  is  a  Eepnblican, 
and  cast  his  first  presidental  vote  for  Grant  in  1868.  He  was  a  strong 
Union  man  during  the  war,  and  in  September,  1862,  enlisted  for 
three  years  in  Company  C,  Thirty-fifth  Missouri  Infantry,  in  which 
he  served  one  year.  He  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Helena,  and 
July  4,  1863,  was  shot  in  the  right  arm,  which  was  amputated  on  the 
sixth  of  the  same  month.  He  remained  in  the  hospital  at  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  until  September  10,  and  was  then  discharged  and  returned 
home.  He  is  a  leader  of  his  political  party  in  Mercer  County,  and  in 
the  fall  of  1872  was  elected  sheriff,  and  re-elected  to  that  office  in  1874. 
Two  years  later  he  was  elected  treasurer  of  the  county,  and  in  1878 
re-elected.  In  1880  he  was  elected  constable  of  Morgan  Township 
for  two  years,  and  in  1882  received  the  election  as  collector  of  revenue 
for  the  county,  and  in  1884  was  re-elected,  which  forcibly  illustrates 
his  efficiency  as  a  public  officer.  In  July,  1886,  he  bought  140  acres 
of  land,  and  in  the  spring  of  1887  located  where  he  now  resides.  He 
owns  ISO  acres,  and  in  the  summer  of  1887  erected  a  dwelling  at  a 
cost  of  $800.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  A.  O.  U.  W.,  and 
his  wife  is  identified  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Chiirch  at  Prince- 
ton. 

Josiah  S.  England  was  born  in  Bedford  County,  Penn.,  December 
22,  1832,  and  is  a  son  of  Peter  and  Elizabeth  England,  also  natives 
of  that  county.  Peter  England  was  of  German  descent,  and  was  a 
son  of  William  England,  being  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  was  the  father  of  nine  sons  and  two  daughters.  Peter 
England's  wife  was  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church.  He 
died  February  5,  1887,  at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty  years.  Elizabeth, 
his  wife,  died  October  5,  1887,  aged  seventy-six  years,  leaving  sons 
and  daughters  and  many  friends  to  mourn  their  loss.  J.  S.  England 
united  with  the  church  when  eighteen  years  old,  and  has  endeavored 
to  live  a  consistent  Christian  life  up  to  this  time.  He  left  the  pater- 
nal roof  (1853)  when  of  age,  going  to  Ohio.  Thence  he  returned  to 
Pennsylvania,  and,  realizing  the  necessity  of  an  education,  he  attend- 
ed Rainsburg  Seminary  for  three  consecutive  terms,  and  finished  up 


694  MEBCEE    COUNTY. 

the  common  English  branches.  Subsequently  he  taught  six  terms  of 
school,  two  in  Pennsylvania,  two  in  Illinois,  and  two  in  Missouri.  In 
1858  he  embarked  for  the  west,  located  at  Marshfield,  Mo.,  remained 
there  until  1863,  and  then  moved  to  Illinois,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  mercantile  trade  for  ten  years,  then  coming  to  Mercer  County, 
Mo.,  where  he  is  still  engaged  in  merchandising,  in  Somerset. 
On  Februaiy  10,  1859,  Mr.  England  was  married  to  Nancy  E. 
Shackelford,  daughter  of  Garland  and  Mary  Shackelford.  Mrs.  Eng- 
land was  born  in  Greene  County,  Mo. ,  December  4,  1842,  and  has 
raised  a  nice  family  of  children,  of  whom  three  are  married.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  England  have  had  many  trials  in  life  together,  especially 
during  the  late  war  in  Southwestern  Missouri,  where  so  much  diver- 
sified opinion  existed.  He  cast  his  lot  with  the  Republican  party, 
and  always  took  that  party  as  a  matter  of  right  and  safety.  When 
only  nine  men  voted  for  Abraham  Lincoln  in  the  county  of  Webster, 
he  was  one  among  them,  and  rendered  good  service  in  the  Home 
Guards,  and  in  the  militia.  He  joined  the  Tenth  Illinois  Cavalry, 
but  was  rejected  on  account  of  inability  to  stand  hardships.  He  has 
always  endeavored  to  be  right  and  on  the  right  side,  having  an  eye 
single  to  the  glory  of  God,  and  His  guidance  by  day  and  night  in  the 
hours  of  despondency.  They  are  connected  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  and  take  a  prominent  part  in  State,  church  and 
Sunday-school  work  and  the  cause  of  prohibition. 

J.  B.  Evans,  attorney,  real  estate,  loan  and  insurance  agent,  was 
born  in  Putnam  County,  Ind. ,  July  30,  1841,  and  is  the  eldest  of  a 
family  of  two  sons  and  three  daughters,  all  of  whom  were  reared  to 
maturity.  His  paternal  ancestors  were  Welsh,  and  his  father,  Will- 
iam H,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  in  1818,  and  married  in  Putnam 
County,  Ind.,  to  Margaret  Noslet,  a  native  of  Tennessee,  whose 
death  occurred  in  Madison  County,  Iowa,  The  father  is  at  present 
a  resident  of  Meade  County,  Kas.  J.  B,  Evans  was  taken  to  Iowa 
by  his  parents  when  an  infant,  and  was  there  reared  and  received  his 
early  education.  He  graduated  fi-om  the  law  department  of  the 
Columbian  College  in  1869,  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession 
the  following  year  at  Bedford,  Iowa.  After  residing  and  practicing 
in  various  places  in  Iowa  until  September,  1877,  he  then  located  at 
Princeton,  where  he  has  since  resided.  For  three  years  he  was  con- 
nected with  the  firm  of  Evans  &  Reed  until  1881,  since  which  date  he 
has  practiced  alone.  In  May,  1884,  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Prince- 
ton, in  which  ofiice  he  served  efficiently  three  terms.  He  was  mar- 
ried at  Memphis,  Tenn. ,  in  1 864,  to  Theresa  MaiTe,  an  Italian  lady, 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  695 

by  whom  he  has  had  two  sons  (now  deceased)  and  four  daughters.  In 
July,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  Fourth  Iowa  Infantry,  in  which  he 
remained  two  years  and  eight  months.  He  then  was  transfeiTed  to 
and  served  as  a  soldier  of  Hancock's  veteran  corps  two  years,  during 
which  he  was  detailed  by  the  secretary  of  war  for  special  clerical 
work  in  that  department,  where  he  remained  five  years,  when  he 
resigned  to  go  west. 

Frank  M.  Evans  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Ind. ,  December 
17,  1831,  and  is  a  son  of  Rev.  Solomon  and  Sarah  Evans.  The  father 
was  born  in  North  Carolina,  and  when  fifteen  years  of  age  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Putnam  County,  Ind.  When  twenty  years 
old  he  went  to  Washington  County,  Ind.,  where  he  was  married,  and 
lived  until  Frank  M.  was  a  year  old.  He  then  moved  to  Putnam 
County,  Ind.,  and  lived  in  that  county  until  1851,  at  which  time 
they  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  where  the  father  died  in  1858, 
aged  forty-seven.  Farming  was  his  occupation,  and  during  his  later 
years  he  engaged  in  preaching  the  gospel.  He  was  a  hard  and  earnest 
worker,  and  wherever  he  dwelt  was  the  prime  builder  of  a  Protest- 
ant Methodist  Church,  and  although  principally  raised  in  the 
South  was  strongly  opposed  to  slavery.  His  wife  was  born  in 
North  Carolina,  and  is  now  residing  in  Lincoln  County,  Kas. 
Frank  M.  Evans  is  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  nine  children,  six 
now  living,  and  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Putnam  County,  Ind. 
When  of  age  he  married  Eliza  Ann  McEeynolds,  who  was  born  in  the 
same  county  in  which  Frank  M.  received  his  education.  He  then 
moved  to  Grundy  County,  Mo.,  where  he  resided  two  years,  and  then 
moved  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  where  his  wife  died,  leaving  foiu- 
childi-en:  Sarah  F. ,  Parilee,  Dona  (deceased)  and  Tipton  G.  Mr. 
Evans  entered  land  in  Mercer  County,  and  began  to  improve  a  farm 
which  he  still  owns  with  some  additions.  He  now  owns  648  acres  of 
the  finest  and  best  improved  land  in  the  county.  In  186.S  he  moved 
toRavanna,  and  engaged  in  stock  business  in  connection  with  farminc. 
In  June,  1863,  he  man-ied  America,  daughter  of  Thomas  Ballew. 
She  died  two  years  later.  On  December  8,  1867,  he  married  Ruth  A. 
Perse,  who  has  borne  him  two  children — Edward  E.  and  Harry 
(deceased).  He  then  moved  to  the  farm  the  next  spring.  In  1873 
he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  under  the  firm  name  of  Rogers, 
Evans  &  Co.,  and  a  year  later  purchased  Jlr.  Rogers'  share,  after 
which  the  firm  was  known  as  Holmes  &  Evans.  Three  years  after- 
ward he  sold  his  interest  to  W.  W.  Holmes  and  has  since  been 
engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising,  and  is  now  interested  in  stock 


696  MEBCEE    COUNTY. 

in  partnership  with  his  son,  Tipton  G.,  and  owns  at  present  220  head 
of  cattle  and  thirty-four  head  of  horses.  Mr.  Evans  is  a  self-made 
man,  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Lodge  No.  258,  at  Ravanna.  Is  an 
active  Republican,  and  dviring  the  war  served  six  months  as  sergeant 
in  the  army. 

Philip  Evoritt  (deceased)  was  born  October  13,  1821,  in  Madison 
County,  Ohio,  and  was  reared  upon  a  farm  in  that  State  receiving  but 
a  common-school  education.  His  parents  were  Thomas  and  Jane 
Evoritt,  and  Philip  accompanied  them  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  in  1839, 
where  his  father  entered  a  tract  of  land  in  the  northern  part  of  what 
is  now  Washington  Township.  He  assisted  his  father  in  clearing  the 
place  and  imjiroving  a  farm,  and  remained  at  home  until  twenty-eight 
years  of  age.  The  father  died  in  July,  1869.  After  leaving  home  he 
settled  upon  a  tract  of  land  situated  in  Section  25,  Township  64,  and 
Range  24,  west,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.  At  first  he  entered 
but  a  small  tract,  but  being  of  an  energetic  and  industrious  nature  he 
continually  added  to  his  original  purchase  until  he  became  the  owner 
of  600  acres  of  land  in  one  body,  all  of  which  was  productive  and  well 
improved,  with  fences,  good  outbuildings  and  a  fine  residence.  He 
also  possessed  real  estate  besides  his  home  place,  his  property  in  all 
amounting  to  about  1,240  acres,  making  him  one  of  the  wealthiest  and 
most  successful  citizens  of  Mercer  County.  His  first  marriage,  to 
Harriet  McKee,  was  blessed  with  two  children:  Melissa  Amelia,  wife 
of  Oscar  Clark,  and  Mary  Ann,  wife  of  Marcus  Adams.  Mrs.  Evoritt 
died  in  April,  1865,  and  October  16,  of  the  same  year,  Mr.  Evoritt  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Minerva,  daughter  of  Archibald  and  Hannah 
(Ashcroft)  Smith.  This  lady  was  born  February  24,  1837,  in  Indiana, 
and  when  but  two  and  one-half  years  old  was  brought  by  her  parents 
to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  where  she  was  reared,  and  married  at  the 
youthful  age  of  sixteen,  to  Crawford  Edwards.  After  seven  years  of 
happy  wedded  life  Mr.  Edwards  died,  leaving  his  widow  and  three 
children.  She  afterward  became  the  wife  of  Elisha  Evoritt,  who  died 
in  July,  1864,  leaving  one  child.  Mrs.  Evoritt  then  married  Philip 
Evoritt,  her  union  with  him  being  blessed  with  six  children.  She 
remained  a  faithful  wife  and  helpmate  to  him  until  his  death  in  1885. 
He  was  a  loyal  and  stanch  supporter  of  the  Republican  party  during 
his  life,  and  one  of  the  prominent  and  active  members  of  the  Christian 
Church,  to  which  denomination  his  widow  also  belongs.  He  was 
highly  honored  in  the  community  in  which  he  lived,  as  an  honest  and 
high  principled  man,  and  his  death  was  mourned  by  a  large  circle  of 
friends. 


BIOGEAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  697 

William  A.  Finney,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  was  born  in  Tuscara- 
was County,  Ohio,  December  25,  1841,  and  is  a  son  of  James  and 
Sarah  (Adair)  Finney.  The  father  was  of  Irish  descent,  born  in  Bel- 
mont County,  Ohio,  in  1809,  and  a  son  of  John  Finney,  a  native  of 
Ireland.  When  sixteen  years  old  James  went  to  Guernsey  Coiinty, 
and  began  working  upon  National  Pike.  While  there  he  married  Miss 
Nancy  Hughs,  in  1833,  by  whom  one  child,  Nancy,  was  born.  Mrs. 
Finney  died  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  1834.  Mr.  Finney  then  continued 
his  work  as  a  contractor  on  the  National  Pike  into  Madison  County, 
where  he  became  acquainted  with  and  married  Sarah  Adair,  in  1836,  a 
native  of  that  county,  and  born  in  1818.  She  now  lives  in  Mercer 
County,  Mo. ,  and  is  the  mother  of  nine  children,  eight  of  whom  are 
living.  After  his  second  marriage  Mr.  Finney  removed  to  Tuscara- 
was Couuty  where  he  bought  a  farm,  and  commenced  farming,  and 
which  occupation  he  continued  until  his  death  in  1866.  William  A. 
Finney  lived  with  his  parents  until  he  arrived  at  maturity,  and  in 
March,  1863,  married  Catherine  Crider,  who  was  born  in  Hocking 
County,  Ohio,  May  1,  1844,  and  is  the  mother  of  eleven  children: 
James  D. ,  Sarah  M. ,  John  E. ,  Rosa  E. ,  Joseph,  Nelson,  Jennie, 
Betsey,  Naomi,  Cora  and  Frances  M.  In  1866  Mr.  Finney  went  to 
Pickaway  County,  Ohio,  and  two  years  later  came  to  Mercer  County, 
Mo. ,  where  in  1876  he  purchased  160  acres  where  he  now  resides.  He 
is  one  of  the  successful  farmers  of  the  township,  and  a  respected  citi- 
zen. In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote 
for  G.  B.  McClellan  in  1864.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the 
St.  Paul  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Andrew  J.  Finney,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Harrison  Township, 
was  born  March  3,  1853,  in  Tuscarawas  County,  Ohi5,  and  is  a  son  of 
James  and  Sarah  (Adair)  Finney  [see  sketch  of  William  A.  Finney], 
He  is  one  of  a  family  of  eight  living  children,  the  others  being  Jane 
(wife  of  John  Hursey),  William  A. ,  John  W. ,  Catherine  (wife  of  Cal- 
vin Lakin),  Ruth  A.  (wife  of  A.  J.  Norman),  Joseph,  Sarah  M.  (wife 
of  Allen  Murphey).  Andrew  J.  is  the  seventh  child  and  lived  at  home 
until  1882,  receiving  a  common-school  education  during  his  youth. 
In  September,  1881,  he  left  his  native  State  and  immigrated  to  Mercer 
County,  Mo.,  where  he  bought  160  acres  of  land  in  Section  9,  Town- 
ship 65,  Range  25,  which  he  still  owns  and  successfully  farms.  In 
the  winter  of  1882  he  returned  to  his  native  county,  and  February 
16  of  that  year  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss  Mahala,  daughter 
of  George  and  Mar}'  Hursey,  of  Tuscarawas  County,  Ohio,  where  Mrs. 
Finney  was  born  in  1851.     To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Finney  three  children 


698  MERCER   COUNTY. 

have  been  born:  Harland,  Mary  Estell,  and  one  -who  is  dead.  In 
politics,  Sir.  Finney  is  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote 
for  S.  J.  Tilden  in  1876.  Both  himself  and  wife  are  worthy  members 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Chm-ch. 

Lyman  R.  Fuller  was  born  in  Syracuse  County,  N.  Y. ,  May  23, 
1829,  and  is  a  son  of  J.  Lyman  and  Azuba  (Russell)  Fioller,  natives  of 
Lowell,  Mass.,  and  Old  Hartford,  Conn.,  respectively.  The  father 
located  at  Syracuse  when  a  young  man,  and  there  married  and  lived, 
engaged  in  shoemaking  until  his  death.  He  was  twice  married;  one 
daughter,  Clarissa  (wife  of  Madison  Ches),  born  by  his  fii-st  marriage,  is 
still  living,  and  three  sons  born  by  the  second  m&rriage :  Lyman  R. ,  Amos 
D.  and  Harvey  R. ,  are  also  living.  Lyman  R.  was  but  nine  years  old 
at  the  death  of  his  father,  and  early  in  life  he  learned  the  blacksmith' s 
trade,  which  he  followed  in  his  native  State,  and  in  Ohio  untU  1855. 
He  then  immigrated  to  Missouri,  and  conducted  a  saw  and  grist  mill 
in  connection  with  blacksmithing  at  Akron,  Harrison  Co.,  Mo.,  until 
1863.  He  then  came  to  Princeton,  where  he  has  since  had  a  black- 
smith and  repair  shop,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  wagons. 
July  22,  18-47,  he  married  Julia  E.  Pickens,  also  a  native  of  Syracuse 
County,  N.  Y. ,  by  whom  he  has  nine  living  childi-en :  Mary  (wife  of 
N.  W.  Pickard),  Charles  A.,  William  L.,  Harvey  R.,  Frank  E.,  Nel- 
son J. ,  Lottie  A.  (wife  of  Charles  Decker),  Mattie  J.  (wife  of  A.  H. 
Harnly)  and  Justin  E.  Mr.  Fuller  was  formerly  a  Whig,  but  upon 
the  dissolution  of  that  party  became  a  Republican.  While  in  Harrison 
County  he  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  and  postmaster,  but  since 
coming  to  Mercer  County  has  held  no  office.  Himself  and  wife  are 
members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

William  H.  Galiger  was  born  in  Maine,  October  21,  1842,  and  is 
a  son  of  John  R.  and  Ellen  (Connell)  Galiger.  The  father  was  born 
in  Ireland,  and  was  brought  to  the  States  by  his  parents  when  but  six 
years  old.  In  1845  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  located  upon  a  farm  in  Lake 
County,  where  his  wife  died  in  1871,  and  he  in  1876.  William  H. 
remained  at  home  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  and  then  enlisted  in  the 
Thirty-seventh  Illinois  Infantry,  in  which  he  served  three  years  and 
two  months.  He  participated  in  a  number  of  well-known  battles  such 
as  Pea  Ridge,  Prairie  Grove,  Siege  of  Vicksburg,  and  was  also  present 
during  a  number  of  skirmishes.  After  the  expiration  of  his  service 
he  returned  to  Lake  County,  111. ,  and  engaged  in  farming.  In  the 
fall  of  1866  he  was  married  to  Sarah  A.  Cribb,  daughter  of  Henry 
Cribb,  by  whom  he  had  five  children,  four  now  living:  Henry  C, 
Libbie  G. ,  Clarence  O.  and  Joseph  E.     After   his  marriage  he  still 


BIOGKAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  699 

continued  to  make  Lake  County  his  home  until  1870  when  himself  and 
wife  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  settled  upon  his  present  farm. 
He  now  owns  280  acres  of  land,  all  improved  and  under  a  good  state 
of  cultivation.  Mr.  Galiger  is  a  hearty  supporter  of  the  Republican 
party,  but  has  never  desired  public  office  of  any  kind.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  of  the  G.  A.  E.  He  is  a  liberal 
donator  to  all  enterprises  for  the  welfare  of  his  county,  and  is  well 
esteemed  in  his  neighborhood. 

Abner  George,  dealer  in  railroad  ties,  stone  and  lumber,  was  born 
in  JefPerson  County,  Tenn.,  in  1829,  and  is  a  son  of  Charles  and 
Susannah  (Russell)  George.  The  father  was  born  in  East  Tennessee, 
and  died  when  Abner  was  but  fifteen  years  old.  The  mother  was  a 
native  of  North  Carolina,  reared  in  Tennessee,  and  died  in  Princeton, 
Mo. ,  in  1881.  She  was  the  mother  of  nine  children,  eight  of  whom 
are  now  living.  Abner  is  the  second  child,  and  was  reared  in  Sevier 
County,  Tenn.,  where  he  was  married  in  1847  to  Sarah  Hickman, 
also  a  native  of  Jefferson  County,  Tenn.,  and  by  whom  he  had  eleven 
children,  seven  still  surviving.  Mrs.  George  died  August  16,  1875, 
and  Mr.  George  afterward  married  Rosella  J.  Hurt,  a  native  of  Indiana, 
who  was  reared  in  Missouri.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  three 
children,  two  of  whom  are  living.  After  his  first  marriage  Mr.  George 
followed  agricultural  pursuits  in  Sevier  County,  Tenn.,  until  1850, 
and  then  located  two  years  in  Macoupin  County,  111.  In  1852  he  came  to 
Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  located  on  Government  land  six  miles  north  of 
Princeton,  where  he  remained  until  1877,  then  moved  to  Princeton, 
where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  his  present  business.  While  at 
Cottonwood  in  1871  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  at  which 
he  continued  until  April,  1877,  also  holding  the  position  of  postmaster 
at  the  same  time.  He  is  a  successful  business  man,  and  handles  about 
400,000  ties  per  annum,  400  car  loads  of  stone  per  month  and  3,000- 
000  feet  of  lumber  per  annum. 

James  George  was  born  in  Sevier  County,  Tenn.,  February  1, 
1833,  and  is  a  son  of  Charles  and  Susannah  George.  The  father  was 
of  Irish  descent,  and  born  in  Tennessee.  He  was  a  cooper  by  trade, 
in  connection  with  which  he  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  He 
died  in  1844,  in  the  prime  of  life,  having  passed  all  his  days  in  his 
native  State.  The  mother  was  of  English  descent,  born  in  Tennes- 
see in  1805,  and  died  in  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in  1881.  James  is  one 
of  a  family  of  nine  children,  seven  of  whom  are  now  living:  Abner; 
Rhoda,  wife  of  John  Hamilton;  James;  Thomas  W. ;  Mary  Ann,  wife 
of  Sylvester  Wilson;  Moses  R.,  and  Margaret,    wife  of   James  Mason. 


700  MERCER   COUNTY. 

James  was  only  twelve  years  old  when  his  father  died,  and  subsequently 
made  his  home  with  his  mother  until  twenty-five  years  of  age,  work- 
ing upon  the  home  farm.  In  1851  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  in  1853 
came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  where,  January  28,  1858,  he  married 
Miss  Margaret  I.  Hickman,  daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  Hickman. 
Mrs.  George  was  born  in  Sevier  County,  Tenn. ,  November  24,  1838, 
and  is  the  mother  of  seven  living  children:  Abner  B,  Henry  C, 
Mary  (wife  of  George  Pollard),  Lucretia  E.  (wife  of  Peter  Gates),  Gen- 
evia  Alice,  Charles  and  Ehoda  E.  About  1855  Mr.  George  entered  120 
acres  of  land  in  Section  2,  Townshijj  65,  Range  24,  upon  which  he 
located  after  his  marriage,  and  upon  which  he  remained  until  1881.  He 
then  bought  and  located  upon  240  acres  where  he  now  lives.  He  came  to 
the  county  with  no  money  but  by  industry  and  good  management  has 
become  the  owner  of  600  acres,  and  is  one  of  the  well-to-do  and  success- 
ful farmers  of  the  county.  In  connection  with  farming  he  is  quite  exten- 
sively engaged  in  stock  raising.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  his 
first  presidential  vote  was  cast  for  Fillmore  in  1856.  Himself  and  wife 
are  members  of  the  Baptist  Church,  to  which  Mr.  George  has  belonged 
twenty-seven  years,  and  in  which  he  has  been  deacon  for  the  past 
eight  months. 

King  David  Girdner  was  born  in  Knox  County,  Ky. ,  December  25, 
1830,  and  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Anna  (Lauderdale)  Girdner.  The 
father  was  of  German  descent,  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1790,  and 
when  small  went  to  Greene  County,  Tenn.,  where  he  was  married.  He 
afterward  moved  to  Knox  County,  Ky. ,  and  in  1839  moved  to  Mercer 
County,  Mo.,  where  he  entered  263  acres  of  land,  where  our  subject 
now  lives.  He  was  a  general  mechanic,  blacksmith  and  wagon-maker 
by  trade,  and  quite  successful  in  his  business  transactions,  at  one  time 
owning  480  acres  of  land.  He  came  to  Missouri  when  the  country 
was  inhabited  by  wild  animals  and  Indians,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  in  the  county.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  died 
in  1874.  His  wife  was  of  Irish  descent,  born  in  Greene  County, 
Tenn.,  in  1791,  and  died  in  1865.  She  was  the  mother  of  eleven 
children,  of  whom  King  Girdner  was  the  youngest.  He  came  to  Mis- 
souri with  his  parents  when  nine  years  old,  and  after  they  became  old 
and  feeble  took  charge  of  the  homestead,  and  cared  for  them  in  their 
declining  years.  May  28,  1854,  he  married  Miss  Mary  Ann,  daugh- 
ter of  Judge  Preston  Underwood,  and  a  native  of  Jefferson  County, 
Tenn. ,  born  October  13,  1835.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  eight 
children:  William  L. ;  Albert  S. ;  Nettie,  wife  of  Henry  Cisco;  Emma, 
wife  of  Harvey  Boyd;  Alice,  Maggie,  Edward  and  Harry  O.     He  has 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  701 

resided  upon  his  present  farm  since  coming  to  Missouri,  and  the  first 
circuit  court  held  in  the  county  was  held  where  his  present  residence  is 
ocated,  the  jury  holding  their  conference  beneath  the  forest  trees. 
Mr.  Girdner  is  Ihe  owner  of  361  acres  of  land,  well  improved  and  cul- 
tivated, and  in  1882  erected  a  dwelling  at  a  cost  of  $1,000,  which  is 
very  desirably  located.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  during  the  war  served 
five  months  in  the  Home  Militia.  His  first  presidential  vote  was  cast 
for  Pierce  in  1852.  His  wife  belongs  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church. 

James  M.  Goodin  was  born  in  Knox  County,  Ky. ,  September  29, 
1842.  His  father,  E.  B.  Goodin,  was  a  native  of  Kentucky,  and  mar- 
ried Jane,  daughter  of  John  Fuson.  They  immigrated  to  Mercer  Coun- 
ty, Mo. ,  in  1849,  when  the  Indians  still  lived  in  the  country,  and  here 
the  father  pre-empted  eighty  acres  of  land,  which  he  improved,  and 
upon  which  he  lived  for  some  time.  He  afterward  sold  his  original 
purchase,  and  bought  a  220-acre  tract.  James  made  his  home  with 
his  parents  until  the  commencement  of  the  war,  when  he  enlisted  in 
Company  B,  Twenty-seventh  Missouri  Infantry,  and  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war  without  receiving  a  wound.  He  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Vicksburg,  Mission  Ridge,  Lookout  Mountain,  and  followed 
Sherman  to  the  coast.  October  23,  1805,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Loainda,  daughter  of  John  Mcintosh,  by  whom  three  sons  and 
four  daughters  were  born :  Betsey  J. ,  wife  of  Lafayette  Cornett,  mar- 
ried in  1886;  William  T.,  James  F.,  Rachel  (deceased),  John,  Rosa 
M.  and  Martha  A.  Mr.  Goodin  dwells  in  a  large  frame  house,  sur- 
rounded with  good  outbuildings,  which  are  built  upon  his  well-culti- 
vated farm  of  335  acres.  His  property  is  all  the  result  of  his  unas- 
sisted labor,  and  his  farm  is  well  stocked  with  a  high  grade  of  Short- 
horn cattle  and  fine  Norman  horses.  He  is  a  successful  farmer,  and  a 
stanch  Republican.  From  1876  to  1882  he  was  engaged  in  the  gen- 
eral mercantile  business  at  Cottonwood,  but  has  now  retired  to  farm 
life.  He  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. ,  and  a  liberal  donator  to  all 
laudable  public  enterprises  of  a  religious  or  educational  character. 

William  Henry  Harper  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Nancy  (Major)  Har- 
per, and  was  born  December  18,  1830.  The  father  was  born  in 
County  Down,  Ireland,  in  1794,  and  in  1818  came  to  America,  fii'st 
settling  in  Philadelphia.  After  a  few  years  he  went  to  Belmont 
County,  Ohio,  in  1824,  where  he  married  and  passed  the  remainder 
of  his  life  engaged  in  farming.  He  died  in  1885.  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried, his  second  wife,  Clarinda  (Rice)  Harper,  still  living.  Before  the 
war  Mr.  Hai-per  was  the  captain  of  a  company  of  the  State  Volunteer 


702  MEECEB   COUNTY. 

Militia.  Nancy  (Major)  Harper  was  born  in  Harford  County,  Md. ,  in 
1793,  and  died  in  1861.  She  was  the  mother  of  four  children,  of  whom 
our  subject  is  the  third.  William  H.  was  educated  in  Franklin  County, 
New  Athens,  Harrison  Co. ,  Ohio,  Edward  M.  Stanton,  John  A.  Bing- 
ham, Louis  Luton  and  Rev.  W.  M.  Grimes  having  been  his  school- 
mates. He  left  the  college  when  in  the  sophomore  year,  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty-two  began  to  teach,  continuing  engaged  in  that  voca- 
tion two  terms.  October  27,  1857,  he  married  Miss  Margaret  Craig, 
daughter  of  William  and  Rosanna  Craig.  Mrs.  Harper  was  born  on 
Long  Point,  Canada,  in  1833,  and  is  the  mother  of  the  following  four 
children:  Rosa  A.,  Elmer  E.,  William  C.  and  John  S.  After  com- 
mencing life  upon  his  own  responsibilty  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile 
business  at  Hendrysburg,  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio,  where  he  remained 
eight  years.  During  the  war  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Second  Mon- 
ghala  Departmental  Corps,  in  November,  1862,  and  was  afterward 
elected  second  lieutenant  of  same,  and  served  until  discharged  at 
Wheeling,  Va.,  in  May,  1864.  In  1867  he  sold  his  store  in  Hendrys- 
burg and  moved  to  Freedom,  Noble  Co.,  Ohio,  and  sold  goods, 
but  subsequently  bought  a  farm,  which  he  afterward  disposed  of,  and 
in  1870  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  where  he  bought  260  acres  of 
land  where  he  now  resides,  and  began  life  as  a  farmer.  He  is  a  good 
citizen,  and  in  politics  is  a  Republican.  His  first  presidential  vote 
was  cast  for  Gen.  Scott  in  1852.  While  in  Ohio  he  served  as  post- 
master of  Hendrysburg  five  years.  He  is  a  Master  Mason,  a  local 
preacher,  and  trustee  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  to  which  his 
wife  also  belongs. 

Franklin  B.  Hart  is  a  son  of  William  Morgan  and  Rebecca  (Hart) 
Hart,  and  was  born  half  a  mile  from  his  present  residence  in  Harrison 
Township,  Section  12,  Township  65,  Range  25.  The  father  was  born 
in  Whitley  County,  Ky.,  in  1804,  and  when  a  young  man  went  to 
Putnam  County,  111. ,  where  he  married  Elizabeth  Hart,  who  bore  him 
three  childi'en:  Nancy  C.  (wife  of  Joseph  Neely,  and  who  died  Sep- 
tember 7,  1887),  Hannah  (wife  of  John  Reeves)  and  John  Mor- 
gan. Mrs.  Hart  died,  and  Mr.  Hart  afterward  married  her  sister, 
Rebecca  Hart,  daughter  of  Peter  and  Hannah  (Poe)  Hart,  and  born 
in  Ashe  County,  N.  C,  December  25,  1816.  In  1839  Mr.  Hart  came 
to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  entered  100  acres  of  land,  upon  which 
he  settled  and  passed  the  remainder  of  his  days.  He  was  a  successful 
farmer,  and  owned  at  one  time  1,500  acres.  To  his  second  marriage 
the  following  children  were  born,  James  E. ,  Missoiu-i  (wife  of  David 
Lockridge),  Rebecca  Kentucky  (wife  of  William  P.   Moss),  Franklin 


BIOGRArHICAL    APPENDIX.  703 

B.,  Willard  P.  H.,  Eliza  Ann  (wife  of  Calvin  Moss),  Virginia  L.  (wife 
of  David  McClaren),  and  Hazeltine  (wife  of  Joseph  Moss).  "William 
Morgan  Hart  was  a  soldier  in  the  Black  Hawk  War,  and  the  captain 
of  his  company.  He  died  October  17,  1876.  Franklin  B.  received  a 
common-school  education  during  his  youth,  and  in  Aiigust,  18S4, 
married  Miss  Hettie  Ann  Smith,  daughter  of  Israel  F.  and  Rachel 
Smith,  and  born  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  in  1867.  To  this  marriage 
one  child  has  been  born — Clelly  Cleveland.  Mr.  Hart  is  the  owner 
of  296  acres  of  good  land,  and  is  a  highly  respected  citizen.  In  pol- 
itics he  is  a  Democrat,  and  belongs  to  the  Masonic  fraternity  and 
the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

James  Hart  is  a  son  of  William  H.  and  Elizabeth  (Hubbard)  Hart, 
and  was  born  in  Putnam  County,  HI.,  in  February,  1831.  The  father 
was  born  in  Ashe  County,  N.  C,  in  1801,  and  after  his  marriage 
moved  to  Whitley  County,  Ky.  About  1830  he  went  to  Putnam 
County,  111.,  and  in  1842  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  where  he 
settled  upon  the  farm  now  owned  by  Elisha  Wilson.  His  occupation  was 
that  of  farming,  and  he  died  in  1875.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  Black 
Hawk  War.  His  wife  was  also  born  in  Ashe  County,  N.  C. ,  in 
1810,  and  yet  survives.  She  is  the  mother  of  twelve  children,  only 
three  now  living:  James,  America  (wife  of  Charles  Craig)  and  Will- 
iam. James  came  to  Mercer  County  when  eleven  years  old,  and  has 
since  been  a  resident  of  Harrison  Township.  He  lived  with  his 
father  until  he  was  twenty-two,  and  in  1853  made  a  journey  to  Cali- 
fornia overland  with  a  company  of  twenty.  He  drove  an  ox  team,  and 
after  walking  three-fourths  of  the  distance  arrived  at  his  destination, 
where  he  worked  upon  a  farm.  In  1855  he  returned  home  by  water, 
via  New  Orleans.  In  December,  1856  he  married  Miss  Nancy  Jane, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Margaret  (Dunlap)  Everett.  The  former  was 
born  in  Osage  County,  N.  Y.,  and  the  latter  in  Augusta  County,  Va. 
Mrs.  Hart  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  August,  1836,  and  is  the  mother  of 
seven  children:  Augusta  (wife  of  James  Davis),  Mary  A.  (wife  of 
John  Mullins),  Alexander,  Richard,  Hettie,  Margaret  and  Lucy.  In 
the  winter  of  1856  Mr.  Hart  purchased  160  acres  where  he  now  lives, 
and  although  he  began  life  a  poor  man  is  now  the  owner  of  440  acres 
of  good  land,  and  a  highly  respected  citizen.  He  is  an  old  resident  of 
the  county,  which  was  inhabited  by  wild  animals  and  Indians  when  he 
first  came  here.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his  fiist  presidential  vote 
for  Pierce  in  1852.     His  wife  is  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church. 

W'illard  P.  Hall  Hart,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Harrison  Town- 
ship, Section  13,  Township  05,  Range  25,  was  born  February  14,  1846, 


704  MEECEE    COUNTY. 

one-half  mile  from  his  present  residence.  He  is  the  fifth  of  a  family 
of  eight  children  born  to  William  Morgan  and  Rebecca  (Haitj  Hart, 
[see  sketch  of  Franklin  B.  Hart]  and  was  educated  at  the  home  school 
in  Warren  County,  Iowa.  He  remained  with  his  parents  untU  twenty- 
three  years  of  age.  In  1862  he  went  to  Warren  County,  Iowa,  and 
farmed  three  years,  after  which  he  returned  to  his  native  State  and 
county.  December  20,  1880  he  maiTied  Miss  Mary  Walter,  daughter 
of  John  and  Eliza  (Hart)  Walter,  and  a  native  of  Whitley  County, 
Ky. ,  born  in  1860.  ilrs.  Hart  was  the  mother  of  two  children — Edna 
E.  and  William  E.  M. — and  died  in  January,  1880,  since  which  time 
Sir.  Hart  has  lived  with  his  mother.  Mrs.  Hart  was  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  Mr.  Hart  is  a  successful  farmer,  and 
the  owner  of  320  acres  of  good  land.     In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

Travis  F.  Hensley,  prominently  identified  with  the  business 
affairs  of  this  portion  of  the  State,  is  deserving  of  more  than  passing 
mention  in  any  worthy  history  of  the  afPairs  of  Mercer  County.  Still 
a  young  man,  comparatively,  and  at  present  occupied  in  a  calling 
which  necessitates  his  absence  from  home  the  greater  part  of  the  time, 
his  career  for  some  years  past  has  been  too  closely  interwoven  with  the 
interests  of  the  county  to  allow  omission  of  a  short  sketch  of  his  life 
from  this  work.  Born  near  Normanda,  Tipton  Co.,  Ind.,  September 
21,  1S51,  he  was  the  son  of  Charles  C.  and  Eliza  A.  Hensley,  both  of 
American  nativity.  His  boyhood  days  were  passed  in  attending  to 
the  duties  of  farm  life,  and  during  his  spare  time  in  attending  school, 
where  he  acquired  a  common  English  education,  supplementing  the 
same,  however,  in  later  days,  by  self  application  and  close  observa- 
tion. In  1868  he  accompanied  his  father's  family  to  Missoiui,  set- 
tling in  Daviess  County,  near  Bancroft,  where  the  parents  still  make 
their  home.  Leaving  the  parental  roof  in  1871  he  entered  into  pro- 
fessional life  as  a  teacher.  In  September,  1876,  he  became  a  student 
of  Grand  River  College,  of  Edinbm-g,  Mo. ,  pursuing  his  studies  with 
such  assiduity  that  he  completed  a  three-years'  coui-se  of  instruction 
in  that  institution  in  two  years.  He  now  resumed  teaching,  for  which 
his  scholastic  experience  had  well  qualified  him,  but  at  the  same  time 
turned  his  attention  to  the  study  of  law,  and  entered  upon  a  coui'se  of 
reading  under  the  careful  guidance  of  Hon.  D.  J.  Heaston,  of  Beth- 
any. These  pursuits  occupied  his  time  and  consideration  until  Jan- 
uary 1,  1880,  when  he  pui-chased  the  Adixince  printing  office  and 
established  the  People's  Press,  of  Princeton,  which  paper  he  continued 
to  edit,  at  the  same  time  carrj'ing  on  his  legal  studies  with  Capt.  H. 
J.  Alley,  of  Princeton.     In  March,  1884,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  705 

and  licensed  to  engage  actively  in  the  practice  of  his  chosen  profession. 
Mr.  Honsley  had  been  known  during  these  years  as  a  stanch  Demo- 
crat, and  in  October,  1885,  his  services  in  behalf  of  that  party  and  his 
eminent  qualifications  for  the  position  were  recognized  by  his  appoint- 
ment as  special  examiner  of  the  United  States  Pension  Bureau,  the 
duties  of  which  he  is  still  discharging.  On  Christmas  day,  1873,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  E.  Mullen,  daughter  of  James  and  Permelia  Mullen,  of 
Harrison  County,  Mo.  Their  married  life  was  begun  in  a  humble,  eco- 
nomic manner,  and  for  the  first  few  years  they  were  compelled  to  husband 
their  resources;  as  expressed  in  Mr.  Hensley's  own  words:  "When  we 
began  business  our  capital  stock  consisted  of  contentment,  two  pairs  of 
willing  hands  and  a  determination  to  succeed;  we  have  declared  substan- 
tial dividends,  and  still  have  the  capital  stock  unimpaired. "  Two  childi-en 
have  blessed  their  union:  ClaudieE.,  born  April  8,  1876,  and  Frank, 
born  Octobers,  1877.  Since  January  1,  1887,  Mr.Hensley's  brother, 
Charles  B. ,  has  shared  with  Mrs.  Hensley  in  the  responsibilities  con- 
nected with  the  publication  of  the  paper.  The  latter  has  been  associated 
with  the  People' s  Press  since  its  organization,  first  as  compositor,  then 
as  local  writer,  and  during  the  first  two  years  of  her  husband' s  oflicial 
life  became  editor  and  manager,  developing  into  a  writer  of  no  incon- 
siderable ability.  The  paper  is  a  warm  advocate  of  the  Democratic 
party,  and  a  faithful  exponent  of  the  principles  of  that  body.  Mi-s. 
Hensley  is  a  prominent  and  active  member  of  the  Christian  Chui'ch, 
and  Mr.  Hensley  is  one  of  its  liberal  supporters.  He  is  ever  ready  to 
uphold  and  second  any  and  every  enterprise  tending  to  the  advance- 
ment of  his  county,  and  has  never  failed  to  assist  in  promoting  her 
material  prosperity. 

John  M.  Higgins  was  born  May  31,  1843,  in  Laurel  County,  Ky., 
and  is  the  second  of  nine  children  (eight  now  living)  born  to  William 
and  Sarah  P.  (Owen)  Higgins.  The  parents  lived  in  their  native 
State,  Kentucky,  until  1854,  and  in  the  spring  of  that  year  immigrated 
to  Missouri,  and  settled  upon  the  farm  now  owned  by  Lewis  Smith  and 
William  Griffith,  which  is  situated  in  the  northwest  corner  of  Washing- 
ton Township,  Mercer  County.  There  the  father  died  in  1858,  after 
which  the  mother  resided  there  until  1865.  Her  children  then  being 
grown  she  lived  with  her  father,  John  Owen,  three  years,  and  then 
moved  iipon  a  farm  in  Morgan  Township,  where  she  still  resides. 
The  father  engaged  in  farming  all  his  life.  John  M.  received  a  com- 
mon-school education  in  his  native  county,  and  in  Mercer  County. 
August  12,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Fifth  Kansas  Cavalry,  at 
Modena,  and  immediately  proceeded  with  his  regiment  to  the  field  of 


706  MERCER    COUNTY. 

action.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Helena,  Little  Eock,  Oak- 
land (Miss. ),  Pine  BlufP,  and  many  skirmishes,  and  after  remaining  in 
service  until  September  12,  1864,  had  participated  in  thirty-six  regu- 
lar engagements.  After  bis  discharge  he  returned  home,  and  about  a 
year  later  settled  upon  a  farm  he  had  purchased,  and  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  was  married  September  24,  1865,  to  Ann  S., 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Fanny  (Prichett)  Moss,  born  March  22,  1845, 
in  Mercer  County.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  ten  children, 
the  following  now  living:  Ida  May  and  Addie  Belle  (twins),  Joseph, 
Luther,  Douglas,  Eddie,  Fanny,  Mollie  and  Dick.  Although  Mr. 
Higgins  began  life  for  himself  at  the  age  of  eighteen  without  any 
money,  by  the  aid  of  health  and  a  determination  to  succeed,  although 
still  a  young  man,  he  is  the  owner  of  400  acres  of  well-improved  and 
cultivated  land,  and  is  a  well-to-do  and  prosperous  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  of  Mercer  County.  He  is  a  Republican,  a  member  of  Mer- 
cer County  Lodge,  No.  35,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  himself  and  wife  belong 
to  the  Christian  Church. 

James  Holt  was  born  in  Moniteau  County,  Mo.,  April  17,  1842, 
and  is  a  son  of  Levi  and  Minerva  (Williams)  Holt.  The  father  was 
born  in  Kentucky,  in  1818,  and  died  in  Mercer  County,  in  1861,  dur- 
ing the  month  of  August.  He  moved  from  his  native  State  to  Moni- 
teau County,  Mo. ,  when  a  young  man,  and  was  there  married.  He 
moved  to  Mercer  County  when  our  subject  was  but  six  years  old,  and 
remained  there  until  his  death.  He  was  a  successful  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  and  died  in  the  prime  of  life  in  the  midst  of  his  prosperity. 
The  mother  was  born  in  Tennessee,  in  1816,  and  now  makes  her  home 
with  her  children  in  Mercer  and  Sullivan  Counties.  She  is  a  member 
of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  "Mr.  Holt  was  identified  with  the  Christian. 
After  his  death  Mrs.  Holt  married  John  Scott  (now  deceased).  To 
her  first  marriage  seven  children  were  born,  of  whom  five  are  living. 
James  is  the  eldest  child,  and  was  educated  at  the  common  schools  of 
Mercer  County  during  his  youth,  but  since  arriving  at  maturity,  by 
reading  and  observation,  has  become  a  well-informed  man.  After  his 
father's  death  he  assumed  the  management  of  the  farm  until  the 
second  marriage  of  his  mother.  In  1861  he  was  united  in  maiTiage 
to  Nancy  J.  Brantley,  daughter  of  William  and  Mahala  Brantley,  and 
a  native  of  Morgan  County,  Ind. ,  born  June  12,  1844.  She  was  the 
mother  of  three  children,  two  now  living,  W.  F.  and  Permelia  (Ellen, 
deceased),  and  died  in  Mercer  County,  August  22,  1866.  The  same 
year  Mr.  Holt  married  a  sister,  Permelia,  of  his  first  wife,  who  is  also 
a  native  of  Morgan  County,  Ind.     This  union  has  been  blessed  with 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  707 

two  children:  Le  Eoy  and  Laura  J.  In  1840  Mr.  Holt  moved  upon 
the  farm  he  now  owns,  and,  although  he  began  life  poor,  he  is  now 
the  owner  of  1,000  acres  of  well-improved  and  cultivated  land.  He  has 
just  completed  a  handsome  residence,  and  part  of  his  land  includes 
the  old  homestead.  Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian 
Church  (as  was  also  his  first  wife),  and  are  among  the  highly  respected 
citizens  of  the  county.  Mr.  Holt  is  an  active  and  entei^jrising  citizen, 
and  a  good  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  the  latter  being  his  specialty,  as 
he  deals  extensively  in  stock  of  all  kinds,  with  the  exception  of  sheep. 
He  is  a  Mason  and  a  Democrat. 

W.  F.  Holt,  grocer,  and  dealer  in  glassware,  queensware,  hard- 
ware, etc.,  formed  a  partnership  with  Edward  Evans  October  1,  1885, 
and  remained  in  business  with  him  until  April  27,  1887,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  establishment.  He  was 
born  in  Mercer  County,  January  18,  1864,  and  has  always  resided  in 
his  native  county.  He  lived  upon  a  farm  until  the  winter  of  1884-85, 
when  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Newtown,  which  is 
situated  upon  the  line  of  Putnam  and  Sullivan  Counties.  He  was 
burned  out  a  few  months  later,  and  then  the  firm  of  Evans  &  Holt 
was  formed.  In  1885  he  was  married  to  Fannie  Jones,  a  native  of 
Sullivan  County,  by  whom  one  daughter,  Esther  Cloe,  was  born.  Mr. 
Holt  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  belongs  to  the 
Christian  Church.  His  early  ancestors  were  English,  and  his  pater- 
nal great-grandfather  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  died  in 
Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in  1886,  aged  one  hundred  and  three  years, 
Mercer  and  Putnam  Counties  thereby  losing  one  of  their  oldest  settlers. 
The  paternal  grandfather,  Levi,  was  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  died  in 
Mercer  County.  James,  the  father,  was  born  in  Moniteau  County, 
Mo.,  in  1844,  and  since  childhood  has  been  a  resident  of  Mercer 
County.  His  wife,  and  the  mother  of  our  subject,  Jane  (Brantley) 
Holt,  was  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  after  her  decease  Mr.  Holt  married 
her  sister,  Permelia,  by  whom  one  son  and  one  daughter  have  been 
born.     W.  F.  Holt  is  one  of  two  sons. 

William  Houser  was  born  in  Wayne  County,  Ohio,  May  14,  1829, 
a,nd  is  a  son  of  Philip  Houser,  who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
came  to  Ohio  at  an  early  date,  and  located  in  Wayne  County,  fi'om 
where  he  moved  to  Putnam  County,  111. ,  and  located  in  Snatchwine. 
He  remained  at  the  latter  place  about  seven  years,  and  then  came  to 
Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  settled  upon  a  prairie  farm,  which  is  now 
in  possession  of  his  son,  and  upon  which  he  died  in  1867.  His  wife, 
and  the  mother  of  William,  whose  maiden  name  was  Elizabeth  Losure, 


708  MEECEE   COUNTY. 

died  at  the  residence  of  her  son  in  1883.  William  remained  with  his 
parents  untU  their  deaths,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  322i  acres  of 
good  land,  all  fenced  but  twelve  and  one -half  acres,  and  under  a  good 
state  of  cultivation.  He  is  one  of  the  well-to-do  farmers  and  sto^ 
dealers  of  the  county,  and  enjoys  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his 
neighbors  and  friends.  He  was  married  in  Ohio  to  Elizabeth  Eum- 
baugh,  who  bore  him  three  children,  two  now  living:  Alice  M.  and 
John  F.  Mrs.  Houser  died  in  1861,  and  he  afterward  married  Oriza 
Bobertson,  who  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  to 
which  he  also  belongs.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.  and  I.  O.  O. 
F.,  and  an  enterprising  citizen,  who  is  always  interested  in  educa- 
tional enterprises.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  AprU  15,  1862,  enlisted 
in  the  Seventh  Missouri  Cavalry,  in  which  he  served  untU  the  close  of 
the  war. 

Hon.  Ira  B.  Hyde  was  born  in  Guilford,  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y., 
January  18,  1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Frederick  and  Emily  (Lewis)  Hyde, 
natives  of  Connecticut.  The  father  was  a  farmer,  and  in  1836  went 
to  the  State  of  New  York,  where  he  died  in  1854.  His  ancestors 
came  fi-om  England  to  the  United  States  in  1640.  The  mother  died 
in  Rockport,  Ohio,  in  1867,  and  her  father  was  an  officer  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary War.  She  was  the  mother  of  the  following  children,  all  of 
whom  lived  to  maturity:  Oscar  R. ;  Elizur  C,  late  of  Guilford,  N. 
Y. ;  Frances  E.,  wife  of  Albert  Jordan,  of  Carroll  County,  Iowa; 
Belinda,  wife  of  Albert  Dunham,  of  Rockport,  Ohio;  Frederick 
(deceased),  late  of  Unionville,  Mo. ;  Mary  (deceased),  and  Hon.  Ira  B. 
The  last  named  son  resided  with  his  parents  in  New  York  until  fifteen 
years  of  age,  and  then  lived  in  Cuyahoga  Coimty,  Ohio,  until  1861, 
during  which  time  he  received  a  good  education  at  Oberlin  College, 
Ohio.  Leaving  Oberlin  College  in  the  fall  of  1859  he  began  the 
study  of  law  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  the  spring  of  1860.  Early  in  the 
year  1861  he  removed  to  St.  Paul,  Minn. ,  and  continued  the  study  of 
law  in  the  office  of  Daniels  &  Grant.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
the  supreme  court  of  Minnesota  in  July,  1861,  and  at  once  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  Union 
army,  and  was  mustered  in  as  a  private  of  Company  F,  First  Regi- 
ment, Minnesota  Mounted  Rangers.  Just  at  that  time  occurred  the 
great  massacre  by  the  Sioux  Indians  along  the  Northwestern  frontier, 
and  his  reciment  was  retained  for  service  in  the  Northwest.  He 
served  in  the  campaign  on  the  Minnesota  fi'ontier,  and  went  out  under 
Gens.  Sibley  and  Sully  the  following  years  through  Dakota  and  Mon- 
tana.    This   Indian  reprising   of  1862-64  was  by  far  the   greatest 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  709 

Indian  war  that  has  ever  occurred  in  the  United  States,  but  it  attracted 
little  attention  at  that  time  beyond  the  States  immediately  concerned, 
because  of  the  far  greater  struggle  which  was  taking  place  in  the 
South.  At  the  close  of  the  war  in  1865  he  went  to  Washington,  D. 
C. ,  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  with  his  present  partner,  H.  Gr. 
Orton.  In  April,  1866,  he  immigrated  to  Missouri,  locating  at 
Princeton,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and  continued  to  practice  his 
profession.  He  has  been  a  Eepublican  since  the  existence  of  the 
party,  casting  his  first  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln  in  1860,  and  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  National  and  State  campaigns.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  many  of  his  State  and  district  conventions,  and  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention,  held  at  Chicago  in 
1884.  He  served  as  county  attorney  by  appointment.  In  1872  he 
was  elected  to  represent  the  Tenth  District  of  Missouri  in  the  Con- 
gress of  the  United  States.  He  was  appointed  by  Speaker  Blaine 
a  member  of  the  committee  on  elections,  and  took  an  active  part 
in  the  proceedings  of  the  House.  His  speeches  in  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives on  "National  Finances"  and  "Inter-State  Commerce 
and  the  Regulation  of  Railroads,"  in  both  of  which  he  advocated 
measures  which  have  since  been  enacted  into  law,  made  him  specially 
popular  among  the  people  of  his  district.  In  1874  he  was  renomi- 
nated for  re-election  to  Congress  by  acclamation,  but  in  the  Demo- 
cratic tidal  wave  which  followed  the  exposui'e  of  the  whisky  ring 
and  Credit  Mobilier  he  with  most  other  Republicans  was  defeated. 
Missouri  did  not  elect  a  single  Republican  representative.  This 
result  was  not  caused  by  change  of  votes,  but  by  apathy  among 
Republicans  which  caused  them  to  stay  at  home.  In  1886  in  company 
with  H.  G.  Orton  and  others,  he  established  the  bank  of  Mercer 
Count3%  of  which  he  is  president.  Mr.  Hyde  has  been  twice  married. 
His  iirst  wife  was  Miss  Sophie  Clymer,  of  Bucks  County,  Penn. ,  who 
died  in  October,  1871,  leaving  one  child — Edward  C.  By  his  present 
wife,  formerly  Miss  Carrie  E.  Mastick,  and  who  was  a  native  of  Rock- 
port,  Ohio,  there  are  two  childi'en — Benjamin  and  Arthur.  Mrs.  Hyde 
is  a  daughter  of  the  late  Col.  Benjamin  Mastick,  a  former  prom- 
inent citizen  of  Rockport,  Ohio.  Mr.  Hyde  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O. 
O.  P. ,  and  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

George  Whitney  Hyler  was  born  in  Steuben  County,  N.  Y. ,  Decem- 
ber 10,  1818,  and  is  a  son  of  Hezekiah  and  Julia  (Williams)  Hyler,  of 
Welsh-English  and  Irish  descent.  The  father  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  was  a  farmer  and  lumber  contractor,  and  once,  while  on  a 
journey  to  Michigan,  was  shipwrecked   near  Cunningham  Island,  in 


710  MERCEB   COUNTY. 

Lake  Erie.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  He  moved  from 
Pennsylvania  to  New  York,  then  lived  in  Ohio  a  short  time,  after 
which  he  resided  in  New  York  until  his  death.  The  mother  was  born 
near  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  and  was  of  French  and  German  descent.  Her 
mother  was  in  Middle  Fort,  on  the  Mohawk  Kiver,  at  the  time  it  was 
attacked  by  Burgoyne's  army  and  the  Indians.  After  the  death  of 
Mr.  Hyler  his  widow  married  David  Gee.  Her  death  occurred  in 
Pennsylvania  about  1840.  George  W.  Hyler  was  the  eldest  of  a  family 
of  five  children,  and  was  educated  at  the  common  schools  of  Steuben 
County,  N.  Y.  At  an  early  age  he  began  to  learn  the  wool-carding  and 
cloth-weaver's  trade,  and  after  working  four  years  at  the  same  he  went 
into  the  lumber  business  in  connection  with  his  trade.  In  18-44  he 
went  to  Wisconsin,  and  engaged  in  wool-carding,  but  was  burned  out 
in  1846,  after  which  he  embarked  in  the  same  business  at  Janesville, 
Eock  Co.,  Wis.  In  1847  he  went  to  Eoekford,  111.,  where  he  conducted 
the  same  business  one  year.  He  then  engaged  in  the  same  business 
at  Grand  Tower  one  year,  when  he  sold  out  and  farmed  in  Belvidere, 
111.,  one  year.  While  there  he  married  Julia  A.  Loop,  daughter 
of  Henry  Loop,  who  was  born  in  Steuben  County,  N.  Y. ,  in  1823. 
Four  of  six  children  born  to  this  union  are  living:  Henry  L.,  George 
L. ,  Charles  L.  and  Minerva  Julia.  Those  deceased  are  John  L.  and 
Sarah  L.  Soon  after  his  marriage  Mr.  Hyler  moved  to  Dyersville, 
Iowa,  and  built  the  first  house  in  that  place  in  1851.  He  bought  land 
there,  and  engaged  in  farming  until  1873,  and  then  exchanged  his 
farm  for  saw  and  grist  raiU  property  at  Hopkinton,  which  in  1883 
he  exchanged  for  land  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  which  he  now  owns. 
To  this  land  he  has  since  added  until  he  is  the  possessor  of  410  acres, 
and  also  has  a  nice  farm  of  100  acres  at  Hopkinton,  Iowa.  He  is  a 
Mason,  and  was  a  Whig  until  the  organization  of  the  Republican 
party,  when  he  joined  its  ranks.  He  is  a  well-to-do  farmer,  and 
respected  citizen. 

Joseph  Jenkins  was  born  in  Erie  County,  N.  Y.,  January  4,  1839. 
His  father,  Joseph  Jenkins,  was  born  in  the  State  of  New  York, 
August  11,  1795,  and  died  in  Iowa,  June  21,  1856.  His  mother, 
Mary  (Vannetta)  Jenkins,  was  born  in  New  York  State  in  1797,  and 
died  in  Illinois  in  1846.  Joseph  lived  with  his  parents  until  their 
deaths,  and  then  lived  upon  the  old  home  place  until  1862.  He  then 
took  his  departure  for  California,  where  he  arrived  in  October,  1862, 
and  engaged  in  various  occupations  until  July  21,  1864.  He  then 
enlisted  in  Company  C,  Second  California  Volunteer  Eegimeut,  and 
served  until   discharged  at   Sacramento,   May   30,    1866.      He  then 


BIOGEAPHICAL  APPENDIX.  711 

started  for  his  old  home  in  Iowa,  where  he  arrived  July  5,  18G6,  and 
remained  until  1868.  He  was  married  there  March  7,  1S67,  to  Eliz- 
abeth M.  Garland,  daughter  of  John  and  Jennie  Garland,  and  in 
March  of  the  following  year  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  settled 
upon  a  farm  three  and  a  half  miles  from  Eavanna,  to  which  place  he 
moved  three  years  later.  He  engaged  in  carpentering  at  Kavanna  until 
1881,  and  then  embarked  in  the  furniture  business,  which  he  has  since 
successfully  conducted.  Mrs.  Jenkins  died  on  February  16,  1877, 
leaving  one  child,  Mary  Jane,  wife  of  Lewis  N.  Smith.  Mr.  Jenkins 
was  afterward  married  August  14,  1878,  to  Frances  E.  Lowry,  daugh- 
ter of  Albert  and  Mary  (Bruce)  Lowry.  This  union  was  blessed  with 
three  children,  of  whom  two  are  living:  Allie  Bruce  and  Joseph  Henry. 
Mr.  Jenkins  is  an  active  Democrat,  and  although  he  has  never  aspired 
to  political  ofiBce,  has  been  the  postmaster  of  Ravanna  two  years,  and, 
under  the  township  organization,  was  township  clerk.  He  is  an  hon- 
orable member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  also  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  and 
himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  They 
are  public-spirited  citizens,  and  enjoy  the  respect  of  a  large  circle  of 
friends  and  acquaintances. 

Casper  Kauffman,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  of  Morgan  Township, 
is  a  native  of  Bavaria,  Germany,  and  was  born  in  1827.  His  parents, 
Michael  and  Margaret  Kauffman,  were  natives  also  of  Germany.  The 
father  was  twice  married;  his  first  wife  died  in  Germany,  and  he  was 
there  married  the  second  time.  He  was  a  wagon-maker  by  trade, 
and  in  1835  emigrated  to  the  United  States,  and  immediately  settled 
near  Springfield,  Stark  Co. ,  Ohio,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  until 
his  death  in  1865.  He  was  the  father  of  eight  children,  and  when  he 
came  to  America  was  accompanied  by  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  Cas- 
per Kauffman,  who  remained  with  his  father  until  twenty-five  years  of 
age.  In  1856  he  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  bought  forty 
acres  of  land  in  Morgan  Township.  The  following  year  he  returned 
to  Stark  County,  Ohio,  and  married  Miss  Eliza  Kobbe,  a  native  of 
Clark  County,  Ohio,  and  born  in  1836.  This  union  has  been  blessed 
with  nine  children:  Caroline  (wife  of  Preston  B.  Cox),  Henry,  Alice 
(wife  of  Benjamin  Evile),  Ulysses  G.,  Rosa,  Thomas,  Edward,  William 
and  John.  Immediately  after  his  marriage  Mr.  Kauffman  returned 
to  Mercer  County,  and ,  settled  upon  the  tract  he  had  previously  pur- 
chased, and  where  he  has  since  resided.  Although  he  began  life  a 
!  poor  man,  he  is  now  the  owner  of  fifty  acres  in  his  home  place,  which 
is  well  improved  and  cultivated.  His  buildings  are  good  and  sub- 
stantial, and  he  is  one  of  the  successful  farmers  of  the  township.     He 


712  MEECEK    COUNTY. 

is  a  supporter  of  educational  enterprises,  and  anxious  that  his  chil- 
dren should  receive  the  educational  advantages  of  the  day.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Democrat.  His  vrife  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  in  which  his  son,  Henry,  is  a  minister.  The  latter  is  also  a 
graduate  of  Howard  College,  Missouri. 

Capt.  J.  A.  Kennedy  is  of  Scotch  descent,  born  in  Hardy  County, 
Va.,  June  9,  1828,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Arnold)  Ken- 
nedy, natives  of  Ireland  and  Hardy  County,  Va. ,  resj)ectively.  The 
father  came  from  Ireland  to  Virginia  when  a  young  man,  where  he 
engaged  in  farming.  When  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  about  six 
years  old  his  parents  moved  to  Franklin  County,  Ohio,  at  which  time 
they  were  very  poor,  owning  but  a  horse  and  wagon  when  they  started 
to  seek  a  home  in  the  west.  After  stopping  in  Franklin  County  two 
years  they  continued  the  journey,  and  finally  located  in  La  Porte  County, 
Ind. ,  in  the  fall  of  1836,  which  was  then  in  a  wild  and  unsettled  con- 
dition, and  inhabited  by  Indians  and  wild  animals.  Some  time  was 
spent  in  clearing  a  home,  and  at  the  expiration  of  two  years  the  father 
died  (January,  1838),  leaving  his  widow  and  seven  children  in  destitute 
circumstances.  The  mother  afterward  married  Myron  Phelps,  who 
died  in  Indiana  in  1857.  Mrs.  Phelps  died  in  Iowa  County,  Iowa, 
about  1859.  Joseph  A.  Kennedy  was  the  third  child  of  a  family  of 
seven,  four  of  whom  are  now  living.  He  received  a  limited  education 
at  the  common  schools  of  Indiana,  but  his  information  has  been  chiefly 
gained  by  hard  study  and  reading  when  alone.  He  early  imbibed  a 
taste  for  knowledge,  and  boirrowed  all  books  available  which  he  read 
with  avidity  dviring  his  spare  moments.  In  1840  he  worked  during 
the  summer  for  $4  per  month,  and  by  hard  work  and  economy  accu- 
mulated enough  money  to  purchase  the  needed  books  and  furnish 
him  means  to  attend  school.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  began  to  teach, 
and  from  that  time  until  1852  taught  and  attended  school  alternately. 
October  19,  1852,  he  married  Kebecca  Morrell,  daughter  of  Jacob  and 
Mary  (Bowman)  Morrell,  born  in  Dearborn  County,  Ind.,  February 
14,  1828.  She  was  a  teacher  in  St.  Joseph  County,  Ind. ,  and  bore 
Mr.  Kennedy  five  children,  of  whom  three  are  living:  Mary  E.  (wife 
of  Seely  Mapel),  William  E.  (railroader)  and  Elma  J.  (wife  of  E.  W. 
Jewell,  furniture  dealer  and  farmer  of  Moimt  Hope,  Kas.).  Those 
deceased  are  Martha  J.  and  Eliza.  Six  years  after  his  marriage  Mr. 
Kennedy  moved  with  his  wife  and  family  of  two  children  to  Mercer 
County,  Mo.,  and  located  near  Eavanna,  where  he  resumed  teaching 
during  school  months  until  1872,  with  the  exception  of  the  time  spent 
in  the  Legislature  and  while  in  service.     The  summer  months  were 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  713 

spent  in  improving  his  land.  In  1870  he  engaged  in  the  nursery  busi- 
ness with  S.  M.  Wayman.  who  afterward  moved  to  Georgia,  and  with 
whom  he  was  quite  successful  in  business.  Since  1882  Mr.  Kennedy 
has  been  engaged  in  the  nursery  business  only  upon  a  light  scale,  his 
principal  occupation  being  farming.  Mr.  Kennedy,  until  ten  years  ago, 
was  a  Republican,  since  which  time  he  has  been  independent  in  poli- 
tics, voting  principally  with  the  Greenback  and  Prohibition  parties, 
but  always  for  pure  principles,  and  good  and  competent  men,  in  prefer- 
ence to  party.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  espoused  the  temperance 
cause,  for  the  advancement  of  which  he  has  ever  contended  and 
labored,  opposing  the  whisky  traffic  in  any  and  all  forms,  imable  to  see 
any  half-way  grounds  or  compromise  with  evil.  He  was  always 
opposed  to  slavery  from  principle — cannot  sanction  it  in  any  form, 
whether  of  body  or  mind,  church  or  State.  In  1860  he  was  elected 
justice  of  the  peace.  His  ambition  was  to  become  school  commissioner, 
but  his  desire  was  never  gratified,  and  his  life  for  the  most  part  has 
been  spent  in  the  school-room  and  upon  the  farm.  At  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war  he  enlisted,  and  was  elected  second  lieutenant  of  Com- 
pany C,  of  the  Seventh  Regiment  six  months'  militia.  In  1862  he 
was  commissioned  captain  of  Company  I,  of  the  Forty-fourth  Regi- 
ment Em-olled  Missouri  Militia,  until'the  close  of  the  war,  never  com- 
ing into  any  active  engagements.  With  him  military  service  was  only 
a  necessity  and  not  a  choice,  for  like  the  poet  Burns 

He  murder  hates,  by  field  or  flood, 
Though  glory's  name  may  screen  us. 

In  1862  he  was  elected  to  represent  Mercer  County  in  the  Legislature, 
and  served  during  the  winters  of  1862-63  and  1868-61.  He  was  after- 
ward a  candidate  for  nomination  to  the  same  office,  but  was  defeated, 
and  has  since  filled  but  minor  offices.  He  has  been  an  active  member 
of  the  Baptist  Chui-ch  since  the  age  of  twenty,  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  past  thirty  years  has  officiated  as  Sunday-school  super- 
intendent. For  several  years  he  has  been  occupying  much  of  his 
time  in  the  work  of  the  ministry  of  the  Church  of  God,  laboring 
freely  for  the  glory  of  God,  and  the  advancement  of  this  cause  in 
the  community,  and  has  for  a  number  of  years  been  the  clerk  and  is 
the  present  moderator  of  the  North  Grand  River  Association  of  Bap- 
tist Chui'ches.  He  is  a  man  of  positive  character,  true  to  his  convic- 
tions, and  a  hearty  supporter  and  promoter  of  the  educational  and 
religious  welfare  of  his  county.  Much  of  his  success  he  attributes  to 
his  good  and  faithful  wife,  who  has  ever  proved  a  true  helpmate.  He 
has  no  higher  aspirations  for  the  future  than  to  have  a  pleasant  home, 

45 


714  MERCEK   COUNTY. 

blessed  with  books  and  friends,  surrounded  by  fruits  and  flowers,  and 
all  that  tends  to  make  life  lovely  and  pleasant;  and  to  be  a  useful 
member  of  society,  striving  to  promote  the  best  interests  of  mankind, 
and  to  build  up  the  cause  of  education,  temperance  and  religion  until 
the  final  call  from  labor  to  reward.  'Mi:  Kennedy  is  secretary  of  a 
tomological  and  horticultural  society  whose  history  is  as  follows: 
A  preliminary  meeting  to  arrange  for  the  organization  of  a  tomologi- 
cal and  horticultural  society  was  held  at  the  residence  of  W.  V. 
King,  one  and  one-half  miles  north  of  Princeton,  October  6,  1887. 
Fifteen  names  were  obtained,  committee  appointed  to  prepare  rules 
and  regulations,  and  on  the  fii-st  day  of  November,  1887,  the  members 
met  in  Princeton,  adopted  a  constitution,  regulations,  etc. ,  and  com- 
pleted the  organization  by  selecting  the  following  officers:  E.  J.  Lewis, 
president;  J.  L.  Wood,  vice-president;  W.  V.  King,  treasurer;  J. 
A.  Kennedy,  secretary. 

Lester  King  was  bom  in  Seneca  County,  Ohio,  in  1842,  and  is  a 
son  of  Peter  T.  and  Nancy  (Rickett)  King.  The  father  was  of  German 
descent,  and  born  in  Butler  County,  Penn.,  in  1799.  He  was  a  farmer 
by  occupation,  and  in  1828  immigrated  to  Seneca  County,  Ohio,  and 
in  1853  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  located  in  Morgan  Township 
upon  140  acres  of  land.  His  death  occurred  in  1880.  He  was  married 
three  times  and  was  the  father  of  eight  children,  two  by  his  first  wife 
and  six  by  his  second.  The  latter  was  the  mother  of  oiir  subject,  and 
was  born  in  Fau-field  County,  Ohio,  in  1803.  She  died  in  1867. 
Lester  was  the  youngest  chUd,  being  eleven  years  of  age  when  he  accom- 
panied his  parents  to  Mercer  County.  He  received  a  district  school 
education  when  young,  and  lived  with  his  parents  until  eighteen 
years  of  age.  He  was  a  strong  Union  man,  and  in  August,  1861, 
enlisted  in  Company  D,  Second  Missouri  Cavalry,  known  as  Merrill' s 
Horse.  His  principal  duty  consisted  of  raiding  and  skirmishing,  but 
he  participated  in  the  battles  of  Little  Rock,  Ark. ,  and  Bia  Metra,  and 
was  in  both  raids  made  by  Sterling  Price  in  Missouri.  After  serving 
four  years  and  two  months  he  was  discharged  in  September,  1865, 
at  Nashville,  Tenn.  December  10,  1865,  he  married  Miss  Sarah 
Curtis,  daughter  of  Laban  and  Sarah  Curtis.  Mrs.  King  was  born 
November  14,  1849,  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  is  the  mother  of  six 
children:  Claude,  Andrew  J.,  Effie,  Maggie,  Laban  and  Joseph.  Mr. 
King  located  where  he  now  resides  the  year  of  his  marriage,  and  is  the 
owner  of  172  acres  of  good  land,  and  is  considered  a  successful  and 
enterprising  farmer.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  cast  his  first  presiden- 
tial vote  for  A.  Lincoln  in  1864.     He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. ,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  715 

a  charter  member  of  Capt.  Stanley  Post.     His  wife  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  sixteen  years. 

Greenberry  B.  King,  a  leading  farmer  of  Mercer  County,  was  born 
in  Illinois,  in  1849,  and  is  a  son  of  Greenberry  King,  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia, who  moved  first  to  Ohio  from  his  native  State  and  afterward  to 
Illinois.  From  there  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  settled  upon  a  farm  in 
Medicine  Township.  He  died  in  Mercer  County,  in  1883;  his  wife, 
(the  mother  of  our  subject),  died  in  1869.  Greenberry  King,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  remained  at  home  until  nearly  twenty-one  years  of 
age,  at  which  time  his  father  was  married  the  third  time.  Greenberry 
then  began  life  for  himself,  and  by  industry  and  economy  is  now  the 
owner  of  the  old  home  place  which  contains  160  acres  well  improved 
and  under  a  good  state  of  cultivation.  He  was  united  in  marriage  in 
1870  to  Miss  Minera  J.  Sanders,  daughter  of  J.  W.  Sanders,  and  to 
this  union  seven  children  have  been  born,  viz. :  Henry  S. ,  Pernine  F. , 
Hester  M.,  Lucinda,  Oliver,  John  E.  and  Ritta  A.  Mr.  King  is  a 
•public  spirited  citizen,  takes  great  interest  in  the  general  welfare  of 
his  country,  and  is  a  stanch  supporter  of  the  Rebubliean  party, 
although  he  has  never  sought  or  held  political  office.  Himself  and 
family  rank  among  the  respected  citizens  of  the  community  in  which 
they  live,  and  have  a  large  circle  of  fi-iends. 

G.  P.  Larimore,  postmaster  and  merchant  of  Mill  Grove,  was 
born  March  16,  18-1:5,  in  Shelby  County,  Ohio,  and  is  the  second  of  a 
family  of  six  children  (four  deceased)  of  Jeremiah  C.  and  Ann  (Mal- 
com)  Larimore,  natives  of  Hampshire  County,  Va. ,  where  they  lived 
until  about  1844.  They  then  located  upon  a  farm  in  Shelby  County, 
Ohio,  where  they  lived  until  G.  P.  was  six  years  of  age.  They  then 
moved  to  Licking  County,  Ohio,  and  in  the  fall  of  1855,  went  to  Fre- 
mont County,  Iowa.  Three  years  later  the  father  purchased  eighty 
acres  of  land  from  the  Government,  which  he  sold  in  1867,  and  the 
family  then  moved  to  Clinton  County,  Mo.  In  the  summer  of  1872 
they  made  their  final  move  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  locating  at  Mill 
Grove,  where  the  father  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  for  a  short 
time.  From  1875  until  his  death  in  1877  he  served  as  station  agent 
of  that  place.  Mrs.  Larimore  also  died  in  1877.  G.  P.  Larimore 
received  a  common-school  education  in  Fremont  County,  Iowa,  and 
made  his  home  with  his  parents  until  twenty-five  years  old,  during 
which  period  he  employed  his  time  upon  his  father's  farm.  He  was 
then  married  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  George  Elliott,  and  a  native  of 
Darke  County,  Ohio,  where  she  was  born  in  1850.  She  was  the 
mother  of  four  children  (all  deceased),   and  her  death  occurred  in 


716  MEECEH   COUNTY. 

April,  1879,  in  Mill  Grove.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Larimore  spent 
a  year  in  Clinton  County,  Mo.,  and  then  was  employed  at  Mill  Grove 
in  the  general  mercantile  store  of  Henry  Baker.  He  remained  with 
him  but  a  short  time,  and  in  1879  established  himself  in  the  grocery 
business  at  Mill  Grove.  F.  A.  Bonner  afterward  became  his  partner, 
but  sold  his  interest  after  a  short  time,  and  then  the  firm  was  known 
as  Larimore  &  Butcher.  A  few  months  later  Mr.  Larimore  bought 
his  partner's  interest,  became  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  business, 
and  is  considered  one  of  the  prosperous  merchants  of  the  town.  Pre- 
vious to  starting  in  mercantile  life  Mr.  Larimore  was  made  postmas- 
ter of  Mill  Grove,  which  oflSce  he  still  retains.  July  11,  1880,  he  was 
married  in  Linn  County,  Mo.,  to  Virginia,  daughter  of  Duncan  E. 
and  Fanny  (Wilkinson)  Stanley.  Mrs.  Larimore  was  bom  in  Mercer 
County,  March  10,  1860,  but  was  principally  reared  in  Linn  County. 
She  is  the  mother  of  two  children:  Clarence  and  Lena,  and  is  a  worthy 
member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  In  politics  Mr.  Larimore  is  a  Demo- 
crat, and  his  first  presidential  vote  was  cast  for  Seymour  in  1868. 

Samuel  A.  Larimore,  merchant  of  Mill  Grove,  was  born  in  Ohio,  in 
1850,  and  is  a  son  of  J.  C.  Larimore,  a  native  of  Virginia.  Samuel  A. 
went  to  Iowa  in  1855,  and  during  his  youth  received  a  common-school 
education,  although  he  grew  up  in  the  wilderness  with  Indians  for  asso- 
ciates. He  came  to  Missouri  from  Iowa,  in  company  with  his  parents  in 
the  year  1867,  and  settled  iipon  a  farm  in  Clinton  County,  where  he 
farmed  until  1870.  He  then  went  into  the  drug  business  at  Platts- 
burg.  Mo.,  in  which  he  successfully  engaged  about  three  years,  after 
which  he  sold  out,  and  clerked  for  his  father  in  a  general  store  at  Mill 
Grove.  He  married  Maggie  J. ,  daughter  of  Samuel  Blocker,  of  Clin- 
ton County,  Mo.,  by  whom  two  sons  and  three  daughters  were  born: 
Jerry,  Mattie,  Annie,  Bessie  and  Forest.  Jerry  and  Mattie  died  in 
.  early  childhood.  Mr.  Larimore  established  his  present  di-ug  and  gro- 
cery business  at  Mill  Grove  in  1879,  and  now  carries  a  stock  valued 
at  about  S2,000,  and  does  a  good  business.  Himself  and  wife  belong 
to  the  Baptist  Chiirch,  and  he  is  a  stanch  Democrat. 

Thomas  W.  Lemmax  is  a  native  of  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  and  was 
born  May  22,  1826.  His  father,  James  Lemmax,  was  born  in  York, 
Ireland,  in  1784,  and  when  a  young  man  came  to  the  United  States, 
locating  in  Pittsbiu-gh,  where  he  worked  in  a  brewery.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1807,  and  a  few  years  later  bought  a  farm  in  Noble  County, 
Ohio,  where  he  located  and  passed  the  remainder  of  his  life  with  the 
exception  of  five  years  spent  in  Pittsburgh.  He  was  quite  successful 
in  his  business  transactions,   and  became  the  owner  of  640  acres  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  717 

land;  his  death  occurred  in  1858.  His  wife,  Elizabeth  (Franklin) 
Lemmax,  was  born  in  County  Down,  Ireland,  in  1793,  and  immi- 
grated to  America  about  the  time  Mr.  Lemmax  came.  Thomas  W.  is 
the  fifth  of  a  family  of  five  sons  and  four  daughters,  and  was  taken 
by  his  father  to  Noble  County,  Ohio,  when  four  years  old.  He 
received  a  common-school  education  in  Summerfield,  and  made  his 
home  with  his  parents  until  twenty-three,  giving  the  proceeds  of  bis 
labor  to  them  in  the  meantime.  March  8,  1849,  he  maiTied  Miss 
Dorinda  Osborne,  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Martha  (Horton)  Osborne. 
Mi-s.  Lemmax  was  born  in  Noble  County,  Ohio,  July  30,  1831.  Her 
parents  are  natives  of  Ireland,  were  born  in  1799  and  1805,  respec- 
tively, and  are  now  living  in  Noble  County,  Ohio.  Her  grandparents, 
Moses  and  Dorinda  (Barker)  Horton,  were  converts  of  John  Wesley, 
and  resided  in  Dublin,  the  church  meetings  being  held  in  their  house. 
The  grandfather  was  a  soldier  in  the  Irish  Rabellion.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Lemmax  have  foui'  childi-en:  Ann  Olivia  (wife  of  William  J. 
Clamands),  Charles  K. ,  William  H.  and  Mary  J.  In  the  fall  of  1866 
Ml'.  Lemmax  came  to  Mercer  County,  and  purchased  263  acres  in 
Section  23,  Township  65,  Range  25,  of  Harrison  Township,  upon 
which  he  located  in  1868  with  his  family.  He  is  a  successful  farmer, 
with  a  well  improved  place,  and  besides  his  farm  owns  three  town  lots 
in  Princeton.  He  is  conservative  in  politics,  and  cast  his  first  presi- 
dential vote  for  Fillmore  in  1852.  In  the  spring  of  1852  he  went  by 
water  via  New  Orleans  to  California,  the  journey  occupying  six  months 
and  seven  days,  and  after  working  there  in  the  mines,  returned  home 
via  New  York.  Mrs.  Lemmax  has  been  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  for  over  thirty-nine  years. 

John  C.  W.  Lindsey  (deceased),  a  former  prominent  citizen  and 
merchant  of  Princeton,  was  born  in  Putnam  County,  Tenn. ,  Septem- 
ber 18,  1822,  and  was  a  son  of  Robert  and  Margaret  (Allison)  Lindsey, 
natives  of  North  Carolina.  Robert  Lindsey  and  two  sons,  William  New- 
ton and  Joseph  A.,  immigrated  to  Missouri  in  1839,  and  took  up  claims 
in  what  is  now  Mercer  County.  Robert  returned  to  Tennessee  a  year 
or  two  later  and  there  died.  William  Newton  and  Joseph  A.  lived  in 
Mercer  County  until  their  deaths.  Foiu'  sons  and  one  daughter  of 
Newton  reside  in  Mercer  County  and  have  families,  but  the  descendants 
of  Joseph  live  in  Tennessee.  A.  M.  Lindsey  (another  son)  came  to 
Mercer  County  about  1847;  he  reared  quite  a  large  family,  many  of 
whom  still  reside  in  this  country;  he  died  in  1873.  John  C.  W. 
Lindsey  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in  1849,  and  in  1850  was  em- 
ployed as  a  clerk  in  the  mercantile  business.       After  being  thus  en- 


718  MERCEK   COUNTY. 

gaged  about  six  years  he  started  in  business  for  himself,  and  devoted 
the  remainder  of  his  life  to  mercantile  pursuits,  meeting  with  good  and 
deserved  success.  For  over  thirty  years  he  was  regarded  as  one  of 
Princeton' s  most  reliable  business  men  and  respected  citizens,  and  his 
death  was  mourned  by  a  large  circle  of  social  and  business  friends.  His 
death  occured  November  7,  1886.  His  first  wife,  Elizabeth  Jan® 
(Khea)  Lindsey,  was  born  in  Tennessee,  February  24,  1824,  and  died 
in  Princeton,  March  3,  1859,  leaving  the  following  children:  Martha 
A.,  wife  of  W.  B.  Ballew,  of  Princeton;  Eobert  C.  H.,  Mary  M., 
wife  of  T.  E.  Evans,  of  Princeton;  Maggie  D.,  wife  of  Kev.  T.  A. 
Canady,  of  Kirksville,  Mo. ,  and  William  P.  His  second  wife,  Eliza- 
beth (Scott)  Lindsey,  and  three  sons  are  still  living:  John  A.  N., 
Charles  F.  K.  and  Emmett  A.  M.  John  C.  W.  Lindsey  was  an  un- 
swerving Democrat  in  politics,  and,  although  he  never  sought  political 
honors,  served  as  county  judge  one  term  by  appointment.  He  was  a 
public-spirited  citizen,  and  assisted  largely  in  the  up-building  of 
Princeton.  His  son,  Robert  C.  H.,  was  born  May  29,  1845,  in  "White 
County,  Tenn. ,  and  reared  in  Mercer  County,  Mo.  He  received  a 
practical  business  education  in  his  father's  store,  and  in  1878,  in  part- 
nership with  his  brother,  William  P.,  engaged  in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness. In  1882  they  siicceeded  their  father  (who  then  retu-ed)  in  busi- 
ness, and  the  firm  now  occupies  a  large  two-story  brick  building, 
erected  by  their  father  in  1876  on  the  northwest  corner  of  the  public 
square.  They  carry  a  complete  and  well  assorted  stock  of  general 
merchandise,  and  enjoy  a  large  patronage.  Robert  G.  H.  was  first 
married  to  Sallie  E.  Rhea,  whom  he  lost  by  death,  and  in  August, 
1884,  he  married  his  present  wife,  who  was  then  Miss  Maggie  J. 
Wright.  To  them  two  children  have  been  born:  Edith  and  John  H. 
W.  Mr.  Lindsey  is  a  Democrat,  and  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F. 
and  A.  O.  U.  W.  William  P.  Lindsey  was  born  February  5,  1854,  in 
Princeton,  Mo. ,  and  was  also  educated  by  his  father  in  business  life. 
September  22,  1872  he  married  Susan  A.  Clements,  who  was  also  born 
in  Princeton,  and  who  is  the  mother  of  four  living  children :  Lula  A., 
William  Edward,  Freddie  Rhea  and  John  C.  W.  Mr.  Lindsey  is  a 
Royal  Arch  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

Andrew  J.  Loe  was  born  in  Ray  County,  Mo.,  November  10,  1837, 
and  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  Loe.  The  father  is  an  honored 
citizen  of  Mercer  County,  and  was  born  in  Campbell  County,  Tenn., 
July  22,  1811.  He  is  the  ninth  of  fourteen  children  born  to  Fielden 
and  Mary  Loe,  and  lived  with  his  parents  upon  their  farm  until  his 
marriage.      His  educational  advantages  were  very  poor,  but  in  all  his 


I 


BIOGEAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  719 

trials  and  exertions  he  always  found  a  ready  friend  and  helper  in  his 
mother.  In  1833  he  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Reuben  Hatfield, 
and  a  year  later  went  to  Kay  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  lived  one  year. 
In  1837  he  moved  within  the  boundry  of  Mercer  County,  before  the 
county  organization,  and  entered  eighty  acres  of  land  which  he  pro- 
ceeded to  improve,  and  to  which  he  has  since  added.  His  wife  is  an  active 
woman  of  seventy- three  years,  and  has  borne  him  fifteen  children,  ten 
of  whom  are  living.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his  first  presidential 
vote  for  Jackson.  During  the  war  he  was  a  Union  sympathizer, 
although  he  did  not  serve  in  the  regular  army.  Mrs.  Loe  is  a  worthy 
member  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Andrew  J.  is  the  third  child  born  to 
his  parents,  and  passed  his  youth  upon  his  father's  farm.  Like  him 
his  educational  advantages  were  limited,  but  being  of  an  industrious 
and  studious  nature  he  has  acquired  knowledge  sufficient  to  enable 
him  to  manage  his  business  successfully.  At  the  age  of  twenty-three 
he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Armilda  S. ,  daughter  of  John  Owen, 
by  whom  six  sons  and  five  daughters  have  been  born,  all  of  whom 
are  living:  Sarah  A.  (wife  of  E.  R.  Thomas),  John  E.,  Eliza  J., 
Samuel  E.,  Robert  F.,  Amanda  M.,  Clifton  A.,  Charles  O.,  Carrie  F., 
Joseph  R.  and  Dollie.  Dui'ing  the  war  Mr.  Loe  enlisted  in  company 
F,  Third  Missouri  State  Militia,  April  2,  1862.  He  served  about  one 
year  in  this  regiment,  and  the  remainder  of  the  time  was  in  active 
service  in  Company  I,  of  the  Seventh  Missoui-i  State  Militia.  After 
peace  was  declared,  he  returned  home,  and  has  since  devoted  his  atten- 
tion to  farming  and  stock  raising.  His  farm  contains  240  acres  of 
land  well  fenced,  and  consisting  mostly  of  timber  land.  His  home,  which 
was  not  insured,  was  destroyed  by  fire,  March  17,  1885,  his  loss  being 
about  $1,500.  Until  his  present  comfortable  residence  was  built 
Mr.  Loo  was  obliged  to  live  in  a  small  box  house.  Mrs.  Loe  is  a 
worthy  and  active  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  the 
family  rank  among  the  well-to-do  citizens  of  the  county. 

M.  A.  Louderback  was  born  June  20,  1828,  in  Wan-en  County, 
Ind. ,  and  is  the  fourth  of  thirteen  children  (five  dead)  born  to  Daniel 
and  Aley  (Powel)  Louderback,  natives  of  Virginia  and  South  Carolina, 
respectively.  When  young  they  accompanied  their  parents  to  Indi- 
ana, where  they  married  and  lived  in  Warren  County  until  the  fall  of 
1828,  when  they  immigrated  to  Schuyler  County,  111.  In  February, 
1832,  they  moved  to  Adams  County,  111. ,  where  they  entered  land  and 
improved  a  farm,  upon  which  they  lived  until  1850.  They  then  moved 
to  and  settled  in  Salt  River  Township,  Knox  County,  Mo.,  upon  the 
present  site  of  Goodland.     There  the  father  engaged  in  mercantile 


720  MERCER   COUNTY. 

business  in  connection  with  his  farming,  until  his  death  in  January, 
1865,  at  the  age  of  sixty- four.  The  mother  was  born  in  1802,  and  is 
now  a  resident  of  Goodland.  M.  A.  received  a  limited  common- 
school  education  during  his  younger  days,  and  remained  at  home  with 
his  parents  until  twenty-three  years  of  age.  He  then  began  to  till 
the  soil  in  Schuyler  County,  111.,  where  he  resided  until  1855.  He 
then  moved  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  where  he  bought  120  acres  of  land, 
where  he  is  now  living.  He  has  since  added  to  his  original  purchase, 
and  now  owns  one  of  the  finest  farms  in  the  county,  consisting  of  -400 
acres — 140  acres  in  timber  land,  but  the  balance  well  cultivated  and 
improved.  As  this  property  is  the  result  of  his  own  unassisted  toil, 
he  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  successful  and  enterprising  farmers 
of  the  county.  His  land  is  very  productive,  and  this  past  year,  upon 
three  and  one-half  acres,  he  raised  130  bushels  of  wheat,  machine 
measure.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for 
the  Democratic  candidate  in  1852.  He  has  for  some  years  been  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  an  old  settler  of  the  county, 
having  come  here  at  an  early  day,  and,  although  at  that  time 
contemplating  but  a  temporary  residence  here,  yielding  to  the  ui'gent 
entreaties  of  his  wife  he  remained,  and  has  consequently  become 
identified  with  the  growth  of  the  county. 

Charles  A.  Loveland  was  born  in  Ashland  County,  Ohio,  Septem- 
ber 11,  1842.  His  father,  R.  P.  Loveland,  is  also  a  native  of  Ohio, 
and  was  born  in  1818.  He  lived  in  Ashland  County  until  about  1848, 
when  he  went  to  Wisconsin,  and  settled  in  Dodge  County  upon  a 
farm,  where  he  resided  until  1857.  He  then  sought  a  home  in  Mer- 
cer County,  Mo.,  and  settled  in  Washington  Township,  living  there 
until  1877.  He  then  removed  to  Illinois,  and  located  upon  a  farm  in 
Winnebago  County,  where  he  is  now  engaged  in  general  farming  and 
stock  raising.  Hannah  (Austin)  Loveland,  his  wife,  and  the  mother  of 
Charles  A.  Loveland,  was  born  in  Vermont,  man-ied  in  Ohio,  and  is 
now  living  with  her  husband  in  Illinois.  Charles  A.  remained  at 
home  until  twenty-two  years  of  age,  when  he  married  and  engaged  in 
farming  on  his  own  account  upon  his  present  farm.  He  is  now  in 
possession  of  351  acres  of  good  land,  all  improved  and  under  a  fine 
state  of  cultivation,  and  upon  which  he  is  engaged  in  farming  and 
stock  raising.  June  8,  1864,  Miss  Sarah  J.  Kieth,  daughter  of  Will- 
iam and  Nancy  Kieth,  became  his  wife.  To  this  marriage  the  fol- 
lowing four  children  were  born :  William  P. ,  Louis  F. ,  Mary  A.  and 
Bertha  S.  Mr.  Loveland  has  always  been  a  stanch  supporter  of  the 
Republican  party,  but  has  never  sought  office  of  any  kind.       During 


BIOGBAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  721 

the  war  he  served  in  the  Missouri  State  Militia.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  order  at  Princeton.  He  is  greatly  interested  in  the  edu- 
cational progress  of  the  county,  and  is  a  liberal  donator  to  laudable 
public  enterprises.  His  wife  is  a  worthy  and  active  member  of  the 
United  Brethren  Church,  and  his  family  is  highly  respected  by  the 
community. 

M.  W.  Lowry,  a  merchant  of  Ravanna,  was  born  in  Richland 
County,  111.,  July  22,  1853.  His  father.  Judge  S.  S.  Lowry,  who 
is  now  presiding  judge  of  Mercer  County,  which  office  he  has  filled 
with  efficiency  a  number  of  years,  was  born  February  19,  1823,  in 
Spencer  County,  Ind.  He  engaged  in  farming  in  Richland  County, 
111.,  previous  to  his  removal  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in  185-t,  at 
which  time  he  located  in  Somerset  Township  where  he  has  since 
resided.  While  in  Richland  County,  111.,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Sarah  A.  Combs,  by  whom  he  had  five  sons  and  one  daughter,  of 
whom  M.  W.  Lowry  is  one.  He  left  home  in  1875,  after  receiving  a 
good  common-school  education,  and  came  to  Ravanna,  Mo.  There 
he  was  employed  as  a  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store,  and  also  a  drug 
store  until  about  1882,  when  he  engaged  in  partnership  with  D.  W. 
Lowry  in  the  dry  goods  business.  He  has  since  been  successfully 
engaged  in  the  above  named  business,  the  company  carrying  a  large 
stock  of  all  kinds  of  goods  in  their  line  suitable  for  a  country  town. 
They  are  careful  and  anxious  to  please  their  customers,  and  particular 
in  regard  to  the  prices  and  qualities  of  theii'  goods.  December  1, 
1886,  he  was  married  to  Mary  E.  Creel,  the  daughter  of  William  C. 
Creel,  a  prominent  farmer  of  Lee  County,  Iowa.  Mi"s.  Lowry  is  an 
active  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  a  worthy  and  estima- 
ble lady.  Mr.  Lowry  is  a  Republican,  but  has  never  sought  or 
held  office.  He  has  held  most  of  the  elective  offices  in  the  I.  O.  O  F. , 
and  is  interested  in  worthy  educational  and  philanthropic  enterprises. 

Robert  A.  McCartney  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Penn., 
February  4,  1835,  and  is  a  son  of  Robert  and  Barbara  (Allen) 
McCartney,  both  natives  of  Scotland,  where  they  were  married.  They 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1833,  and  first  located  in  Pennslyvania 
afterward  going  to  Iowa  in  1853,  where  they  lived  (in  Decatur  County) 
until  1858.  The  father  then  returned  to  Pennsylvania,  where  he  now 
resides,  having  lost  his  wife  while  in  Iowa.  To  their  union  three 
sons  and  three  daughters  were  born:  John  A.,  Janet  (wife  of  J.  H. 
Hamilton),  Robert  A.,  Thomas  H.  (deceased),  Grace  (deceased  wife 
of  Turner  Swain),  and  Elizabeth  (deceased).  Robert  A.  was  reared 
in  his  native  State  and  county,   and  there  learned   the  carder  and 


722  MERCER    COUNTY. 

spinner's  trade,  at  which  he  worked  until  1853  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
then  followed  his  parents  to  Iowa,  and  farmed  and  •worked  at  his 
trade  until  coming  to  Missouri  in  1871.  Here  he  worked  at  a  woolen 
mill  in  Bethany  until  1878,  and  then  came  to  Princeton  and  managed 
the  carding  and  spinning  machine  of  J.  P.  Anderson  until  1884.  At 
that  time  the  woolen  mills  were  built,  and  Mr.  McCartney  has  since 
operated  them  successfully,  and  become  a  business  partner  of  Mr. 
Anderson.  While  in  Iowa  he  married  Catherine  Mills,  a  native  of 
New  York,  who  died  in  1878,  leaving  three  children:  Frank  L.,  Her- 
bert C.  and  Roy  Clifford.  Mr.  McCartney  is  a  Eepublican,  and  one 
of  the  well-to-do  and  respected  citizens  of  Princeton. 

Justin  T.  McCarty,  farmer  and  stock  dealer,  was  born  in  Illinois, 
August  7,  1846.  His  father,  Cornelius  McCarty,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina  in  1792.  He  immigrated  to  Ohio,  where  he  lived  until  1830, 
when  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  settled  on  a  farm  in  Menard  County. 
He  resided  there  a  few  years,  and  then  removed  to  Mason  County, 
where  he  died  in  1873.  His  wife,  Jennie  (Bell)  McCarty,  was  born 
in  1802  in  North  Carolina,  and  died  in  Mason  County,  111.,  in  1864. 
Justin  T.  remained  at  home  until  after  the  death  of  his  mother,  when 
he  lived  alone  with  a  brother  until  he  married,  after  which  he  still 
remained  at  home  about  three  years.  He  then  lived  at  different 
places  iintil  1876,  then  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  located 
upon  his  present  farm  in  Somerset  Township.  He  now  owns  680  acres 
of  good  land,  and  buys  and  sells  stock  extensively.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1865  to  Miss  Lillie,  daughter  of  Robert  Rogei's,who  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1816,  and  was  an  early  settler  of  Ohio  County,  Ind. , 
where  he  married  Jane  Blue,  a  native  of  Ohio.  IVIrs.  Rogers  died 
in  Ohio  County,  Ind.,  but  the  circumstances  surrounding  the  death 
of  her  husband  remain  shrouded  in  mystery.  To  the  union  of  our 
subject  and  his  wife  nine  children  have  been  born,  eight  now  living: 
Minnie  (wife  of  W.  H.  Cochell),  Robert,  Rose,  Charles,  John,  Annie 
May,  Cora  and  Mary  C.  Miss  Rose  is  seventeen  years  of  age,  well 
advanced  in  music,  of  which  she  is  a  teacher,  and  is  endowed  with 
natural  artistic  talents.  Mr.  McCarty  is  a  Republican,  but  has  never 
sought  political  honors,   and  is  a  well  respected  man  in  his  county. 

William  H.  McKinley  was  born  in  Logan  County,  111.,  April  1, 
1842.  His  father,  William  R.,  was  born  in  Trumbull  County,  Ohio, 
January  9,  1804,  and  resided  in  his  native  State  until  1840,  and  then 
went  to  Logan  County,  111. ,  where  he  remained  until  1855.  He  then 
came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  and  located  upon  a  farm  which  now 
forms  the  present  site  of  Ravanna.     He   laid   out  the  original  plat  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  723 

Ravanna,  and  resided  in  that  vicinity  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
on  December  5,  1876.  His  wife,  and  the  mother  ot  William  H. ,  was 
born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1802,  and  accompanied  her  sister  to  Ohio, 
where  she  was  married  in  1826.  Her  death  occurred  in  Ravanna 
January  19,  1874.  William  H.  made  his  home  with  his  parents  until 
his  marriage.  In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  Second  Missouri, 
Merrill' s  Horse,  Cavalry  Division,  Seventh  Army  Corps,  participating 
in  Steele's  Little  Rock  and  later  Camden  campaign,  after  which  he 
was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  of  Company  F,  Foui'th  Arkansas 
Cavalry  Volunteer,  in  which  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
Then  he  returned  home,  and  April  1,  1867,  married  Emma  Drake, 
daughter  of  James  T.  and  Catherine  (Sneath)  Drake.  This  union  has 
been  blessed  with  the  following  children:  Orin  S. ,  William  J.,  Char- 
ley, Robert  D. ,  Ralph  (deceased),  Emma,  Wade  K.,  Grace.  Imme- 
diately after  his  marriage  Mr.  McKinley  moved  to  and  began  to 
improve  the  farm  upon  which  he  now  resides.  He  owns  480  acres  of 
good  land,  all  well  improved  and  cultivated,  making  one  of  the  best 
farms  in  the  vicinity.  His  occupation  is  that  of  farming  and  stock  rais- 
ing. His  first  presidential  vote  was  cast  for  Lincoln,  and  he  has  since 
been  a  hearty  supporter  of  the  Republican  party,  which  he  served  as 
deputy  circuit  clerk  under  W.  L.  Jerome.  He  is  an  F.  &  A.  M. , 
and  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. ,  of  which  he  was  once  the  secretary. 
He  and  his  wife  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

James  H.  Malone  is  a  son  of  Anderson  B.  and  Melissa  (Davis) 
Malone,  and  was  born  in  Grimdy  County,  Mo.,  January  1,  1841.  His 
father  was  of  Irish  descent,  and  born  in  Knox  County,  Tenn.,  in  1816. 
He  was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  antl  in  1837  left  his  native  State  and 
immigrated  to  Grundy  County,  Mo.  In  1842  he  came  to  Mercer 
County,  Mo. ,  and  settled  upon  the  farm  now  owned  by  Samuel  Clark, 
and  has  made  his  home  in  Lindley  Township  for  the  past  twenty-one 
years.  During  the  Rebellion  he  served  three  years,  but  was  neither 
captured  nor  wounded.  He  is  the  owner  at  present  of  120  acres  of 
good  land,  and  is  a  successful  farmer.  His  wife  was  born  in  East 
Tennessee  in  1818,  and  died  in  1879.  James  H.  is  the  second  of  a 
family  of  twelve  children,  and  accompanied  his  parents  to  Mercer 
County,  where  he  received  a  common-school  education,  and  lived  with 
his  parents  untU  he  was  twenty  years  of  age.  In  August,  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  B,  Fifth  Kansas  Cavalry,  and  served  until  dis- 
charged at  Leavenworth,  Kas. ,  in  September,  1864.  Among  other 
engagements  he  was  present  in  the  fights  at  Dry  Wood,  Helena, 
Little  Rock  and  Pine  Bluff.     He  was  captured,  with  ten  others,  near 


724  MERCER    COUNTY. 

Ellwood,  Kas. ,  and  kept  a  prisoner  five  days,  when  he  and  one  other 
made  their  escape,  although  the  eleven  prisoners  were  guarded  by 
twelve  men.  He  then  traveled  100  miles  in  four  days  and  nights  to 
rejoin  his  company.  February  18,  1865,  he  married  Miss  Ellen  Maria 
Smith,  daughter  of  George  and  Matilda  Ann  Smith.  Mi-s.  Malone 
was  born  in  North  Carolina,  February  20,  1840,  and  came  to  Mercer 
County  in  1856.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  the  following 
children:  James  A.  (deceased),  Alice  Matilda,  Charles  W.,  Cora,  Ada, 
Kane  and  Lucy.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Malone  bought  130  acres  of 
land,  upon  which  he  still  resides,  and,  although  he  began  life  poor, 
he  now  owns  795  acres  of  land,  well  improved,  with  substantial  build- 
ings, fences,  etc.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  cast  his  first  presidential 
vote  for  Lincoln  in  1864.  He  is  a  Royal  Arch  Mason,  and  a  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  A.  O.  U.  W.  Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he  is  steward  and  trustee. 

Henry  C.  Miller,  clerk  of  Mercer  County  Circuit  Court,  and  ex 
officio  recorder  of  deeds,  was  born  in  the  county,  December  21,  1858, 
and  is  a  son  of  Harrison  Miller  of  this  county  [see  sketch].  He  was 
reared  to  manhood  and  educated  in  his  native  county,  and  early  in  life 
was  employed  as  a  clerk  in  a  mercantile  establishment.  He  afterward 
taught  school  about  two  years,  and  in  1882  came  to  Princeton,  and 
accepted  the  position  of  deputy  circuit  clerk,  under  J.  A.  Thomp- 
son. In  November,  1886,  he  was  elected  to  the  office  which  he  has 
since  filled  in  a  satisfactory  and  able  manner.  He  is  a  stanch  Repub- 
lican, and  as  such  holds  his  present  position.  December  29,  1886, 
he  was  united  in  marriage  with  Clara  I.  May,  daughter  of  the  late 
Dr.  A.  H.  May,  of  Princeton.  Mr.  Miller  is  a  member  of  the  A.  O. 
U.  W. ,  and  himself  and  wife  are  regarded  aa  among  the  highly 
respected  and  enterprising  citizens  of  the  county. 

C.  E.  Minter  was  born  April  14,  1844,  in  Madison  County,  Ohio, 
and  is  the  fouiih  of  eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living,  born  to 
William  and  Mary  (Ewing)  Minter.  C.  E.  was  brought  to  Mercer 
Coiinty,  Mo. ,  in  1845,  when  but  eighteen  months  old,  and  lived  with  his 
parents  upon  his  father's  fann  in  Washington  Township  until  seven- 
teen years  old.  He  then  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Fifth  Kansas  Cav- 
alry, at  Leavenworth,  Kas.,  and  remained  in  service  until  April  18, 
1865,  at  which  time  he  was  honorably  discharged  at  Leavenworth, 
Kas.  He  was  in  many  skirmishes  and  April  25,  1864,  while  at 
Marks  Mills,  Ark.,  was  captured  by  the  Confederates  with  1,050  men, 
and  was  imprisoned  at  Camp  Ford,  Tex.  After  his  release  he 
returned  home,  and  for  three  months  drove  a  stage  from  Princeton  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  725 

Chillicotbe.  He  then  farmed  for  a  while,  and  in  the  winter  of 
1805-66  attended  school  at  Edinburg,  Grundy  Co. ,  Mo.  At  the  end 
of  his  term  he  began  to  teach  school  in  Washington  Township,  Mercer 
County,  continuing  engaged  at  that  vocation  four  terms  besides  being 
interested  in  a  saw  mill  on  Muddy  Creek,  and  devoting  some  time  to 
farming.  May  16,  1869,  he  married  Matella,  daughter  of  James  T. 
and  Catherine  (Sneath)  Drake,  and  a  native  of  Ohio,  born  July  26, 
1852.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with  four  children,  three  of  whom 
are  living:  James  William,  Frank  V.  and  Mary  C.  After  his  mar- 
riage Mr.  Minter  located  upon  the  farm  now  owned  by  his  brother, 
J.  C,  and  soon  after  built  the  house  in  which  his  brother  now  lives. 
A  year  later  he  traded  his  property  for  the  farm  upon  which  he  now 
resides,  which  contains  465  acres  in  the  home  place,  well  improved  and 
cultivated.  He  is  one  of  the  wealthy  and  prosperous  citizens  of  the 
county,  and  owns  in  all  about  800  acres  of  good  land.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  politics  and  as  such  was  elected  sheriff  of  his  county, 
which  office  he  filled  in  an  efficient  and  satisfactory  manner.  His  first 
presidential  vote  was  cast  for  U.  S.  Grant,  in  1868.  He  belongs  to 
the  Mercer  County  Lodge,  No.  35,  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  and  himself  and 
wife  are  active  and  worthy  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  to  the  support  of  which  they  contribute  largely. 

Silas  Mobley  was  born  May  2,  1837,  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio. 
His  parents  were  natives,  respectively,  of  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania, 
but  were  married  in  Ohio,  where  they  reared  a  family  of  three  daugh- 
ters, and  one  son.  When  fourteen  years  of  age  Silas  accompanied  his 
parents  to  Wood  County,  Va. ,  where  his  father  shortly  after  died. 
The  mother  then  returned  to  Ohio,  where  she  died  the  following  year. 
Two  of  the  daughters  were  then  married,  one  having  died  March  2, 
1848,  and  Silas,  who  was  the  youngest  child,  was  practically  left  alone 
on  the  world.  June  14,  1855,  he  married  Rebecca,  daughter  of 
Ebenezer  Buchanan,  by  whom  two  daughters  and  three  sons  were 
born:  Sarah,  born  October  2,  1856;  William,  born  July  6,  1859,  and 
James,  born  May  31,  1862.  In  1865  Mi'.  Mobley  immigrated  to  Mercer 
County,  Mo.,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and  now  owns  156  acres  of 
good  land.  Since  his  residence  in  this  State  two  more  children  have 
been  born:  Margaret,  born  June  18,  1866,  and  John,  born  August  21, 
1869.  All  his  children  are  at  present  residents  of  Missouri.  Decem- 
ber 18,  1878,  Mrs.  Mobley  died  leaving  an  infant,  Ida  Rebecca,  just 
born.  May  1,  1879,  Mr.  Mobley  married  Urah  M. ,  daughter  of  M.  B. 
Finch,  by  whom  one  daughter.  Amy,  was  born,  November  30,  1882, 
who  died  June  20,    1885.     Mr.    Mobley  is  a  stanch  Democrat,   and 


726  MERCER   COUNTY. 

although  prevented  from  serving  in  the  Union  cause,  during  the  war, 
on  account  of  disability,  lent  all  his  influence  to  the  preservation  of 
the  Union.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Christian  Church  for  a 
number  of  years,  and  is  a  liberal  supporter  of  religious  and  educa- 
tional enterprises. 

Kobert  H.  Moore  is  a  son  of  Levi  and  Rachel  Moore  [see  sketch 
of  W.  H.  Moore]  and  was  born  May  10,  1824.  He  lived  with  his 
parents  in  different  parts  of  Missouri  during  the  pioneer  days  of  that 
State,  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  and  June  13,  1842,  was  married  to 
Malinda,  daughter  of  William  Wasson,  by  whom  the  following  chil- 
dren were  born:  Eliza  Jane,  born  February  16,  1843;  Samara  Ann,  born 
December  11,  1844;  Jackson  (deceased),  born  September  5,  1846; 
Amanda  P.,  born  August  12,  1848;  Milton,  born  March  11,  1850,  and 
Sarah  Ellen,  born  October  25,  1851,  all  but  one  being  reared  to  matur- 
ity. Soon  after  his  marriage  Mr.  Moore  settled  upon  forty-eight  acres 
of  land  he  had  entered  in  Mercer  County,  to  which  he  afterward 
added  160  acres  by  pre-emption.  For  ten  or  twelve  years  he  lived 
among  the  Indians.  March  9,  1852,  Mr.  Moore  was  left  a  widower 
with  six  small  children  to  care  for,  and  his  farm  duties  to  attend  to. 
He  was  obliged  to  do  his  own  cooking,  and  ofttimes  plowed  his  land 
with  the  baby  securely  fastened  to  his  back.  January  12,  1854,  he 
married  Hester  A. ,  daughter  of  David  Jewett,  and  was  then  more 
comfortably  situated,  and  able  to  devote  his  time  to  agricultural  pur- 
suits with  a  light  heart  knowing  that  his  home  and  children  were 
receiving  a  woman's  care  and  attention.  To  his  second  marriage  the 
following  children  were  born:  William  M. ,  born  October  21,  1854; 
Senoma  E. ,  born  April  27,  1856;  James  B.,  born  September  6,  1857; 
Thomas  B.,  born  August  4,  1859;  Cordelia,  born  August  22,  1861; 
Eobert  S.,  born  May  4,  1863;  Otto,  born  September  10,  1868; 
Douglass,  born  April  16,  1870;  Randolph,  born  February  29,  1872, 
and  Charlotte  B.,  born  December  25,  1873.  Two,  William  M.  and 
Senoma  E.,  are  now  deceased.  During  the  Rebellion  Mr.  Moore 
fought  in  the  Union  cause,  in  Company  H,  under  Gen.  John  Brown,  as 
second  lieutenant.  After  hostilities  had  ceased  he  returned  to  his 
farm,  and  has  since  devoted  his  time  to  the  cultivation  of  same.  He 
now  owns  800  acres  of  land,  and  is  one  of  the  well-to-do  old  settlers 
of  the  county.  It  is  an  item  of  interest  that  Mr.  Moore  is  an  own 
nephew  of  the  famous  hunter.  Kit  Carson,  and  like  that  renowned 
waiTior  he  has  had  to  fight  his  own  way  through  life,  but  has  come 
out  conqueror. 

William  Howard   Moore   was   born  March    5,    1826,    in  Howard 


BIOGKAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  727 

County,  Mo.,  and  is  a  son  of  Levi  and  Rachel  (Haynes)  Moore.  The 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  Robert  Haynes,  and  with  her  husband 
emigrated  firom  Tennessee  to  Howard  County,  Mo.,  in  1826,  where 
William  was  reared  until  eleven  years  of  age.  The  family  then  lived 
on  a  farm  in  Daviess  County  one  year,  and  then  passed  a  year  in 
Grundy  County  upon  a  farm  which  is  now  the  present  site  of  Trenton, 
which  afterward  became  the  property  of  Daniel  Duvall.  During 
twenty  years  of  life  passed  right  among  the  Indians,  who  then  thickly 
inhabited  Missouri,  Mr.  Moore  became  fluently  conversant  in  four 
Indian  languages.  William  H.  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in 
1843,  and  entered  forty  acres  of  land  three  miles  west  of  Lineville. 
By  his  marriage  with  Eliza,  daughter  of  William  Wasson,  he  has  had 
thirteen  children:  Anna  M.,  Adolphus  L.,  Luticia  J.,  Miles  A.,  Mary 
E.,  Charlotte  R.,  Arabella,  John  D.  (deceased),  William  H.,  Jr., 
Robert  D.  (deceased),  Sarah,  Ida  A.  and  Virgil  H.  At  the  time  of 
the  war  Mr.  Moore  had  increased  his  farm  to  366  acres,  but  then 
abandoned  his  agricultural  pursuits,  and  enlisted  April  3,  1862,  in 
the  Union  army,  as  first  lieutenant  in  Company  H,  under  Gen.  John 
Brown.  He  was  present  at  the  Isattle  of  Springfield,  Mo.,  and  at 
Granby,  September  29,  1862,  was  seriously  wounded  by  falling  from 
his  horse.  August  20  he  was  injured  in  his  left  eye,  and  afterward  lost 
his  sight  in  that  eye.  After  being  mustered  out  of  service  he  bought 
mules  and  horses  for  the  brigade  under  Capt.  Carr,  and  after  the  war 
returned  to  Mercer  County,  and  devoted  his  attention  to  farming  and 
stock  raising.  He  at  one  time  owned  1,446  acres  of  land  in  Missouri 
and  346  acres  in  Iowa,  but  from  time  to  time  has  sold  portions  of 
his  land.  He  is  interested  in  fine  stock,  and  has  some  blooded  horses 
of  a  high  grade  and  some  Shorthorns.  He  is  a  Republican,  a  member 
of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  one  of  the  influential  and  successful  men  of  the 
county. 

William  P.  Moss  was  born  in  Daviess  County,  Mo. ,  in  1839,  and 
is  a  son  of  ex-Judge  Joseph  and  Fanny  (Prichard)  Moss.  The 
father  is  of  Irish  descent,  and  born  in  York  District,  S.  C. ,  in  1812. 
His  father,  Joshua  Moss,  was  born  in  the  same  district  in  1784  and  in 
1815  moved  to  Knox  County,  Tenn.  In  1840  he  came  to  Mercer 
Coiinty,  Mo.,  and  entered  eighty  acres  in  Harrison  Township  now 
owned  by  William  Moss,  his  son.  Joshua  Moss  was  a  soldier  in  the 
War  of  1812  under  Gen.  Cornwell,  and  died  in  1875.  His  wife, 
Jennie  (Howser)  Moss,  was  of  Dutch  origin,  and  born  in  York  District, 
S.  C.  She  was  the  mother  of  nine  children,  all  of  whom  are  living, 
the  eldest  aged  seventy-six  and  the  youngest  fifty-two,  and  she  died 


728  MEKCER    COUNTY. 

in  1872.  There  are  thirty-six  gi'andchildren,  forty-seven  great- 
grandchildren and  seven  great-great- grandchildi'en  now  living.  Jo- 
seph Moss  is  the  eldest  child,  and  was  but  a  lad  v?hen  his  parents 
ihoved  to  Tennessee.  In  1832  he  went  to  Knox  County,  Ky. ,  and  in 
February,  1833,  married  Fanny  Prichard,  who  was  born  in  Knox 
County,  Ky.,  in  1813.  To  them  the  following  children  were  born: 
Mary  Jane  (wife  of  Douglas  Brown),  Henry,  William  P.,  Sarah  (wife 
of  Eli  Mullinax),  Calvin,  Joseph,  Ann  S.  (wife  of  John  Higgins)  and 
Joshua.  In  1840  Judge  Moss  came  to  Mercer  County,  and  entered 
520  acres  of  land  where  he  now  resides.  He  lost  his  first  wifa  in 
June,  1886,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year  married  Jane  Johnson, 
daughter  of  Joseph  Johnson,  and  a  native  of  Virginia,  born  in  1847. 
To  this  union  six  children  were  born:  Jennie  Lind,  Ettie,  Fannie, 
Hulda,  Robert  and  Daisy.  When  Judge  Moss  came  to  Missouri  with 
his  parents  the  country  was  very  sparsely  settled,  and  they  were 
among  the  first  white  men  to  come  to  the  State.  He  has  been  suc- 
cessful in  his  business  transactions,  and  at  one  time  owned  900  acres, 
a  great  deal  of  which  he  has  given  to  his  children.  He  has  fourteen 
childi-en,  thirty-two  grandchildren  and  seven  great-grandchildren,  all 
save  two  living  within  four  miles.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a 
Democrat,  and  as  such  served  four  years  as  justice  of  the  peace,  and 
four  years  as  county  judge,  to  which  office  he  was  re-elected  three 
times.  In  1801  he  was  appointed  sheriff  of  the  county,  and  served 
for  two  years.  William  P.  Moss,  our  subject,  is  the  third  child  of 
his  father's  first  marriage,  and  when  a  year  old  was  brought  to  Mer- 
cer County.  In  September,  1862,  he  married  Miss  Rebecca  Kentucky, 
daughter  of  William  and  Rebecca  Hart,  and  a  native  of  Mercer 
County,  born  in  1842.  She  is  the  mother  of  two  children:  William 
E.  and  Rosa  L.  In  1863  Mr.  Moss  went  to  Madison  County,  Iowa, 
but  in  1866  returned  to  Mercer  County,  and  located  upon  his  present 
place,  which  contains  600  acres  of  fine  land  upon  which  is  a  hand- 
some house  and  large  barns.  In  connection  with  his  farming  Mr. 
Moss  keeps  on  an  average  200  head  of  cattle,  and  is  one  of  the  pros- 
perous farmers  and  stock  raisers  of  the  township.  He  is  a  Democrat 
and  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.  and  A.  O.  U.  W.  Himself  and 
wife  belong  to  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he  is  a 
trustee. 

Jesse  Mulvaney  is  a  native  of  Sevier  County,  Tenn. ,  was  born  in 
1830,  and  is  a  son  of  William  and  Martha  (George)  Mulvaney.  The 
father  was  of  Irish-English  descent,  and  born  in  Tennessee  in  1803. 
In  1850  he  immigrated  to  Mercer  County,   and  located  in   Morgan 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  729 

Township,  where  our  subject  now  resides.  He  was  a  successful 
farmer,  and  at  one  time  owned  200  acres  of  land.  He  served  as 
corporal  of  a  company  in  the  Mexican  War  for  twelve  months,  and 
died  in  1884.  Martha  (George)  Mulvaney  was  born  in  Sevier 
County,  Tenn.,  in  1805,  and  died  in  1878.  She  was  the  mother  of 
eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living:  Sarah  Ann  (wife  of  Henry 
Lewis),  Jesse,  Polly  (wife  of  Joseph  Mason),  Alexander,  John, 
Patsey  (wife  of  Isaac  Overton)  and  William.  Jesse  was  twenty  years 
old  when  he  came  to  Mercer  County,  and  he  then  entered  forty  acres 
of  land  near  the  old  homestead.  In  1856  he  located  upon  his  present 
place,  where  he  has  since  lived,  and  which  contains  290  acres  of  well 
cultivated  and  improved  land,  making  Mr.  Mulvaney  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial farmers  of  the  township.  In  185-4  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Ann  Constable,  daughter  of  William  and  Martha  Constable.  IVIrs. 
Mulvaney  was  born  October  2,  1833  and  came  to  Mercer  County  when 
seven  years  old.  To  her  union  with  our  subject  four  children  have 
been  born:  William,  Amanda  (wife  of  Huston  Holmes),  Sarah  (wife 
of  Calvin  Cordle)  and  Albert.  In  politics  Mr.  Mulvaney  is  a  Demo- 
crat.    Mrs.  Mulvaney  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

James  L.  Neill  was  born  October  27,  1834,  in  Marshall  County, 
Tenn. ,  and  is  the  fourth  of  a  family  of  nine  children  (two  dead)  born 
to  Robert  and  Ann  (Ewing)  Neill,  natives  of  Tennessee  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, respectively.  They  were  married  in  the  former  State  whither 
the  mother  had  accompanied  her  parents  when  a  little  girl,  and  after 
the  marriage  settled  upon  a  farm  in  Marshall  County.  There  the 
father  died  when  James  L.  was  a  small  boy,  but  the  mother  still  made 
that  place  her  residence  until  1852,  when  with  her  family  she  immi- 
grated to  Appanoose  County,  Iowa.  At  the  expiration  of  two  years 
the  family  removed  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  where  the  mother  has 
since  lived  with  her  children,  but  is  at  the  present  making  her  home 
with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  Charity  Logan,  in  Decatur  County,  Iowa. 
James  L.  received  a  limited  education  in  his  native  county  during  his 
youth,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  began  life  for  himself.  March 
25,  1858,  he  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Ai-chibald  and  Hannah 
(Ashcraft)  Smith.  Mrs.  Neill  was  born  in  Mercer  County,  where  she 
maiTied,  February  22,  1841,  and  to  her  union  with  Mr.  Neill  nine 
children  have  been  born,  seven  of  whom  are  living:  Robert,  Martha, 
Mary  Alice,  William,  Melissa,  Eliza  Ann,  Nettie  and  Ira.  After  his 
marriage  Mr.  Neill  located  upon  a  farm  he  afterward  purchased,  and 
upon  which  he  now  resides.  Being  of  an  active  and  energetic  nature 
he  has  become  a  successful  farmer,   and  now  owns  160  acres  of  land, 

46 


730  MERCER    COUNTY. 

the  most  of  which  is  cleared  and  well  improved.  He  is  a  Republican, 
and  cast  his  first  presidental  vote  for  Stephen  A.  Douglas  in  1860. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Neill  are  worthy  members  of  the  Christian  Church. 

John  B.  Neill  is  a  native  of  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  was  born  Feb- 
ruary 18,  1857,  and  is  a  son  of  Heniy  and  Hulda  F.  (Girdner)  NeUl. 
The  father  was  born  in  County  Down,  Ireland,  March  1,  1816,  and 
when  quite  small  was  bound  out.  Before  he  arrived  at  manhood  his 
master  died,  and  he  then  left  his  native  country  and  immigrated  to  the 
United  States.  He  went  first  to  Pittsburgh,  Penn. ,  from  there  to  Iowa, 
and  then,  the  gold  fever  being  at  its  height,  accompanied  a  company 
to  California  in  search  of  a  fortune.  After  two  years  of  California 
life  he  returned  to  Iowa,  but  soon  after  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. 
There  he  was  married  February  20,  1854,  to  Miss  Hulda  F.  Girdner, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Anna  (Lauderdale)  Girdner.  Mrs.  NeUl  was 
born  June  27,  1820,  and  is  the  mother  of  the  following  childi-en: 
Lucy  Ann  (wife  of  Robert  Owens),  Harriet  Ellen  (deceased),  John 
B.,  Catherine  E.  (wife  of  J.  A.  Arnott),  Medora  Alice  (wife  of  R.  R. 
Prichard).  The  year  of  his  man-iage  Mr.  Neill  bought  250  acres 
where  his  son,  John  B. ,  now  resides,  and  where  Henry  Neill  died. 
When  he  came  to  America  he  had  but  50  cents,  but  being  of  an 
industrious  nature,  economical  in  his  habits,  and  possessing  business 
ability,  he  afterward  became  one  of  the  successful  farmers  of  Mercer 
County,  and  owned  at  one  time  1,080  acres  of  land  which  he  divided 
liberally  among  his  children.  The  mother  still  resides  upon  the  old 
homestead,  making  her  home  with  her  son,  John  B. ,  who  has  lived  upon 
the  same  place  since  his  birth.  December  31,  1879,  he  maiTied  Miss  M. 
Inez  Gardner,  daughter  of  Jacob  Gardner,  who  was  born  in  Ashland 
County,  Ohio,  on  May  8,  1858.  This  union  has  been  blessed  with 
three  children :  Nellie  (deceased),  John  A.  and  Jesse  V.  Mr.  Neill 
is  one  of  the  young  and  enterprising  farmers  and  Shorthorn  cattle 
breeders  of  Harrison  Township,  and  owns  330  acres  of  fine  land.  His 
wife  is  a  worthy  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  near 
Goshen  City,  and  in  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  His  first  presiden- 
tial vote  was  cast  for  Hancock  in  1880. 

Sumner  A.  Newlin  was  born  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  September 
19,  1856.  His  father  was  a  native  of  Tennessee,  and  his  mother  of 
Franklin  County,  Ind.  They  immigi-ated  to  Missouri  at  an  early  date, 
and  the  father  died  while  in  the  service  of  his  country  in  1862.  Sum- 
ner A.  spent  his  childhood  and  youth  upon  the  farm  in  Missouri,  and 
March  7,  1875,  was  united  in  marriage  with  Martha  A.  Talbott,  by 
whom  three  daughters  have  been  born,  all  of  whom  are  living:     Jes- 


BIOGEAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  731 

sie,  born  March  1,  1880;  Gussie,  born  October  21,  1883,  and  Bessie, 
born  December  2-1,  1885.  In  1878  Mr.  Newlin  went  into  partner- 
ship with  J.  P.  Alley  in  the  saw  mill  business,  in  which  he  met  with 
moderate  success.  In  1888  he  sold  his  interest  to  his  partner,  and 
then  followed  his  trade,  that  of  engineering,  until  September,  1887, 
when  he  opened  a  grocery  store  at  Marion  Station,  where  he  carries 
a  stock  of  about  $5,000  worth  of  goods,  and  is  meeting  with  good 
success. 

Hobert  G.  Orton  was  born  in  Eichland  County,  Ohio,  March  2, 
1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Treat  and  Rozetta  (DuBois)  Orton,  natives  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  his  father  of  English  and  his  mother  of  Hol- 
land descent.  His  father  was  a  pioneer  settler  of  Ohio,  having  gone 
there  in  1822.  He  is  now  a  resident  of  Williams  County,  Ohio.  His 
mother  died  in  1880,  leaving  four  children:  Angeline  C.  (wife  of 
Dr.  "William  H.  Bunker,  of  Hamilton  County,  Ohio),  E.  Chase  (of 
Williams  County,  Ohio),  Hobert  G.  and  Sarah  A.  (wife  of  Dr.  Albert 
Wilber,  of  Williams  County,  Ohio).  Hobert  G.  was  raised  on  a  farm, 
a  nd  attended  the  common  school  of  his  neighborhood.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  commenced  to  teach  school.  His  first  school  was  in  the 
Swail  District,  in  Crawford  County,  Ohio.  As  was  common  then  he 
liv  ed  at  large,  or,  as  the  phrase  was,  he  ' '  boarded  round. ' '  He 
received  a  liberal  education  at  Oberlin  College,  having  secured  the 
m  eans  to  attend  college  in  part  by  manual  labor  while  at  school,  and 
partly  by  teaching  during  the  winter  terms.  While  at  college,  in 
April,  1861,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  C,  Seventh  Regi- 
ment, Ohio  Volunteers,  and  served  until  wounded  and  captured  at 
the  battle  of  Cross  Lanes,  West  Virginia,  August  26,  1861.  He 
was  held  a  prisoner  about  three  weeks,  when  rescued  by  the  Union 
forces  imder  Gen.  Eosecrans,  after  the  battle  of  Carnifix  Ferry — 
right' glad  to  get  once  more  among  the  men  who  wore  the  blue.  As 
in  the  accounts  of  the  battle  where  he  was  wounded  he  was  reported 
as  "  mortally  wounded,"  he  quite  surprised  his  friends  by  tm-ning 
up  alive  after  the  battle  of  Carnifix  Ferry.  The  wound  was  a  most 
desperate  one,  his  right  thigh  bone  being  broken  near  the  hip  joint  by 
a  gun  shot.  He  was  confined  to  his  bed  for  nearly  a  year,  over  nine 
months  of  which  he  was  unable  to  turn  or  be  turned  off  his  back. 
During  this  time  he  underwent  two  severe  surgical  operations.  From 
the  effects  of  this  wound  he  still  suffers,  and  by  it  he  is  often  confined 
to  his  bed  for  weeks  at  a  time.  At  this  period  the  question  upper- 
most in  his  mind  was,  what,  in  his  disabled  condition,  could  he  do  to 
make  a  living  in  the  world.     The  solution  of  this  problem  was  in  part 


732  MEKCEK    COUNTY. 

decided  by  the  accidental  opportunity  he  had  of  trading  his  army 
overcoat  for  two  old  volumes  of  "  Blackstone's  Commentaries."  This 
trade  was  made,  and  the  long  and  weary  months  of  hospital  life  were 
in  part  occupied  in  the  study  of  these  books.  Afterward  he  attended 
the  Law  University  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. ,  and  was  in  1864  admitted 
to  the  bar.  In  January,  1806,  he  located  in  Princeton,  Mo.,  and 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Ira 
B.  Hyde,  which  partnership,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  months,  has 
existed  ever  since  1865.  He  is  a  man  of  good  business  ability,  and  has 
been  successful  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  and  his  partner 
were  the  principal  organizers  of  the  Bank  of  Mercer  County,  in  1886, 
under  whose  management  it  is  conducted.  He  was  married  Decem- 
ber 6,  1865,  to  Miss  Angeline  C.  Stewart,  a  native  of  Vermont,  by 
whom  he  has  three  children  living:  Helen  DuBois,  Ira  D.  and 
Eldon  E.  Ever  since  attaining  his  majority  he  has  been  a  zealous 
Republican;  and  since  his  residence  in  Missouri  he  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  politics  in  this  part  of  the  State.  He  served  eight  years  as 
probate  judge  of  Mercer  County,  and  has  been  three  times  elected  as 
its  prosecuting  attorney.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R. ,  and  of 
the  A.  O.  U.  W. 

Hiram  Painter,  a  substantial  merchant  of  Ravanna,  was  born  in 
Westmoreland  County,  Penn. ,  May  20,  1854,  and  is  a  son  of  John 
and  Christena  (Small)  Painter.  The  father  is  also  a  native  of  West- 
moreland County,  and  at  present  a  resident  of  Ravanna  Township, 
whither  he  came  in  the  fall  of  1866.  His  life-long'  occupation  has 
been  that  of  farming.  The  mother  was  born  in  the  same  county  as 
her  husband  and  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Hiram  is  the 
second  of  a  family  of  six  children  and  received  his  early  education  at 
the  public  schools  of  Mercer  County.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  began 
to  teach  during  the  winter  months,  and  to  devote  his  time  to  farming 
during  the  summer  months.  This  he  continued  until  September. 
1886,  when  he  came  to  Ravanna,  and  established  a  grocery  store,  his 
intention  being  to  keep  a  first-class  stock  of  fine  and  staj)le  groceries, 
crockery,  cutlery,  etc.  He  is  one  of  the  young  and  enterprising  mer- 
chants of  the  town,  and  endeavors  in  every  way  to  please  his  customers 
and  supply  their  wants.  In  1878  he  married  Bessie  Drake,  daughter 
of  James  Drake,  of  Mercer  County,  and  to  this  union  five  children 
have  been  born:  Allie  M.,  Ralph  E.,  John,  James  T.  and  Yolney  F. 
'Mis.  Painter  is  a  member  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 
Mr.  Painter  is  a  Republican,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  welfare 
of  his  county. 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  733 

William  Erastus  Parsons  was  born  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  April 
1,  1847,  and  is  a  son  of  James  and  Mary  (Prichard)  Parsons.  The 
father  was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1812,  and  was  of  Irish  descent.  When 
about  seventeen  he  left  his  native  State  and  went  to  Illinois,  and  in  the 
fall  of  1838  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  where  he  entered  the  farm 
now  owned  by  J.  T.  Cook.  The  farm  comprised  520  acres,  and  there 
Mr.  Parsons  spent  the  greater  part  of  his  life.  He  was  the  first  white 
man  that  settled  in  Mercer  County,  which  was  at  that  time  a  large  un- 
broken prairie  inhabited  only  by  wild  animals  and  Indians.  He  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Black  Hawk  War,  and  took  an  active  part  in  politics 
before  the  war,  belonging  to  the  Whig  party  and  afterward  to  the 
Republican.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Goshen  Christian 
Church,  and  also  a  trustee  of  the  same.  He  was  highly  esteemed  for 
his  high  principles  and  moral  character,  and  his  death  which  occurred 
December  15,  1885,  was  mourned  by  a  large  circle  of  friends.  Mary 
(Prichard)  Parsons  was  of  Dutch  descent,  and  a  daughter  of  Joseph 
and  Mary  Prichard.  She  was  born  in  Kenti\cky  in  June,  1824,  and 
died  in  December,  1884.  She  was  the  mother  of  nine  children,  only 
two  of  whom  are  living:  Mary  (wife  of  J.  T.  Cook),  and  William  E., 
who  was  the  second  child.  He  was  educated  at  Edinbiu-g,  Grundy 
Co. ,  Mo. ,  and  during  the  war  was  a  strong  Union  man.  In  August, 
1864,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Forty-fourth  Missouri  Volunteer 
Infantry,  and  served  in  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  Louisiana  and  Missis- 
sippi. After  a  , year's  service  he  was  discharged  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
September  22,  1867,  he  married  Miss  Margaret  J.  Higgins,  daughter 
of  William  Higgins,  and  a  native  of  Kentucky,  born  March  25,  1847. 
This  union  has  been  blessed  with  five  children:  James  B. ,  Hettie, 
Wilmoth,  Annie  and  John  T.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Parsons  settled 
upon  ' '  old  Perkins'  farm, ' '  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  is  now  the 
owner  of  280  acres  of  land,  well  improved  and  cultivated,  and  is  one 
of  the  enterprising  and  successful  farmers  of  Harrison  Township.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican,  and  has  served  his  township  three  years  as 
constable.     Himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  Church. 

Ex-Judge  Morris  Perry  was  born  in  Greene  County,  Ohio,  in  1825, 
and  is  a  son  of  Allen  and  Elizabeth  (Griffey)  Peiiy.  The  father  was 
born  in  North  Carolina,  in  1794,  and  when  fifteen  immigrated  to 
Greene  County  Ohio,  with  his  father,  Samuel  Perry,  where  he  was 
married,  and  from  there  he  moved  to  Wayne  County,  Ind.  A  few 
years  later  he  went  to  Fayette  County,  and  at  the  expiration  of  eight 
years  moved  to  Madison  County,  where  he  died  in  1859.  He  was  a 
soldier  in  the  War  of  1812  under  Gen.  Hull.     His  wife  was  born  in 


734  MERCER    COUNTY. 

Virginia  in  1797,  and  died  in  1868.  Morris  ia  the  sixth  of  a  family 
of  eight  boys  and  two  girls,  and  was  only  three  years  old  when  taken 
to  Indiana.  He  remained  at  home  with  his  parents  until  twenty-  four, 
but  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  began  to  work  at  the  carpenter's  trade, 
which  he  followed  ten  years.  In  1853  he  came  to  Mercer  County, 
and  in  November,  1854,  married  Miss  Mary  Ann  Girdner,  daughter 
of  James  and  Jennie  (Prichard)  Girdner.  Mrs.  Perry  was  bom  in 
Knox  County,  Ky. ,  in  1836,  and  is  the  mother  of  ten  children:  Oliver 
H.,  Winfield  Scott,  James  B.,  Jennie  V.  (wife  of  J.  H.  Covey), 
Mary  A.  (wife  of  Charles  Coon),  Matilda  A.,  Seybert  A.  (deceased), 
Cora  E.,  John  M.  and  Jessie  M.  In  1853  Mr.  Perry  bought  200  acres 
in  Section  36,  Township  25,  Range  24,  for  $435, upon  which  he  has  since 
resided.  He  began  life  a  poor  man,  but  he  now  owns  345  acres  of  first- 
class  land,  which  is  well  improved  with  good  fences,  a  nice  dwelling  and 
large  barns.  Mr.  Perry  is  one  of  the  old  settlers  of  the  county, 
and  a  gentleman  of  literary  tastes,  owning  the  finest  private  library  in 
Mercer  County.  In  politics  he  is  a  National  and  cast  his  first  pres- 
idential vote  for  Cass  in  1848.  He  was  township  clerk  of  Morgan 
Township  a  number  of  years,  and  in  1878  was  elected  county  judge 
at  large  on  the  People's  ticket.  He  served  as  judge  four  years,  and 
for  twenty  years  was  a  school  director.  He  is  an  Ancient  member 
of  the  I.  O.  O.  ,F. ,  and  himself  and  wife  belong  to  the  Christian  Church, 
of  which  he  has  been  an  elder  many  years.  During  the  Rebellion  he 
served  in  the  Enrolled  State  Militia. 

William  E.  Peters,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Berkshire  County,  Mass., 
July  2,  1838,  and  is  a  son  of  Reuben  and  Sylvia  (Edson)  Peters,  also 
natives  of  Massachusetts.  He  graduated  in  medicine  from  the  Rush 
Medical  College,  Chicago,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  and  then  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Millidgeville,  111.  In  1859  he  emi- 
grated to  Pleasant  Plains,  Iowa,  now  the  site  of  Pleasanton,  Iowa, 
where  he  continued  the  practice  of  medicine.  In  1864  he  embarked 
in  the  drag  and  grocery  business  at  Pleasanton,  and  the  profits  of 
that  business  together  with  the  money  earned  by  his  profension  enabled 
him  in  1878  to  buy  a  farm  of  720  acres  of  land  one  mile  south  of 
Pleasanton  over  the  State  line  in  Missouri.  He  then  entirely  devoted 
his  attention  to  agricultual  pursuits.  He  makes  a  specialty  of  fine 
stock,  ■  and  always  has  a  fine  bull  and  about  100  head  of  cattle  upon 
the  place.  He  was  married  in  1872  to  Mary  A.  Smith,  by  whom 
one  son  and  three  daughters  have  been  born:  Earl,  Leota,  Essie 
and  Zora,  all  of  whom  are  living  with  their  parents.  Dr.  Peters  is  a 
stanch  RepuOTican  and  a  cheerful  giver  to  all  laudable  public  enter- 
prises for  the  advancement  of  his  county. 


BIOGEAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  735 

Jackson  Prichard  was  born  in  Knox  County,  Ky.,  May  5,  1819, 
and  is  a  son  of  Josepli  and  Mary  (Tye)  Prichard,  the  former  of  Welsb 
and  the  latter  of  Irish  descent.  The  father  was  born  in  Virginia, 
December  9,  in  1783,  and  after  living  a  few  years  in  Knox  County, 
Ky.,  during  his  youth,  spent  two  years  near  Huntsville,  Ala.,  after 
which  he  returned  to  Knox  County,  where  he  was  married  in  1811. 
Ho  then  lived  three  years  in  Alabama,  but  again  returned  to  Kentucky 
which  he  left  in  1837,  for  Daviess  County,  Mo.  In  1839  he  came  to 
Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  located  where  his  son  Jackson  now  resides. 
His  death  occurred  January  8,  1865.  The  mother  was  a  native  of 
Tennessee,  and  born  March  22,  1787,  and  when  thirteen  years  old 
went  to  Knox  County,  Ky.  She  was  the  mother  of  nine  children,  of 
whom  Jackson  is  the  only  survivor,  and  her  death  occurred  in  1872. 
Jackson  received  his  education  in  a  primitive  log  schoolhouse  in  Ken- 
tucky, and  when  eighteen  came  to  Missouri.  In  the  fall  of  1838  he 
came  to  Mercer  County,  and  took  up  a  Government  claim  of  160  acres 
in  Section  34,  Township  65,  Range  25,  which  he  proceeded  to  improve, 
and  to  which  his  parents,  came  in  1839.  The  Prichard  family  were 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Mercer  County,  which  at  that  time  was  an 
unbroken  prairie,  sparsely  settled.  February  21,  1850,  Mr.  Prichard 
married  Miss  Louisa  J.  Rockhold.  daughter  of  Robert  W.  and  Caro- 
line (Wells)  Rockhold,  who  came  to  Missouri,  in  1839,  from  Whit- 
ley County,  Ky.  Mrs.  Prichard  was  born  in  Whitley  County, 
December  14,  1832,  and  is  the  mother  of  the  following  children: 
Mary  C.  (deceased)  March  19,  1875,  aged  twenty-two,  and  wife 
of  William  F.  Granlee;  Maria  E.,  wife  of  W.  E.  Cockrell ;  Joseph  G., 
Louann,  wife  of  Charles  W.  Scott,  of  Hennepin  County,  Minn. ; 
Robert  R.,  Mattie  J.,  wife  of  W.  W.  White,  of  Jefferson  County, 
Neb. ;  Sarah  E. ,  wife  of  James  R.  Bowsher,  and  Frank  J.  Mr. 
Prichard  came  to  the  county  a  poor  man  but  possessed  energy  and 
business  ability,  and  at  present  is  the  wealthiest  man  in  Mercer 
County.  He  at  one  time  owned  3, 300  acres  of  land  of  which  he  has 
liberally  given  to  his  children,  so  that  at  present  he  owns  but  1,500 
acres.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  extensively  engaged  in  farming 
and  raising  stock,  but  having  become  advanced  in  years  is  now  living 
a  more  retired  life  upon  his  homestead,  where  he  in  1881  erected  a 
commodious  frame  dwelling,  which  in  April  of  that  year  was  burned, 
and  many  of  its  valuable  contents  lost.  Mr.  Prichard  is  a  Democrat, 
but  cast  his  fii'st  presidential  vote  for  Gen.  Harrison,  in  1840,  as  at 
that  time  he  was  a  Whig.  During  the  Rebellion  he  served  as  captain 
of  the  Enrolled  Militia.     He  is   one  of  the  prominent  mizens  of  the 


i 


736  MEECEK   COUNTY. 

county,  and  was  once  elected  judge  of  the  county  court  to  fill  the 
vacancy  of  Peter  Cain.  He  has  been  a  director  of  the  Bank  of  Prince- 
ton since  its  organization,  and  vice-president  of  the  same  a  number  of 
years.  Himself  and  wife  have  been  members  of  the  Christian  Church 
for  about  eight  years,  and  Mr.  Prichard  is  a  member  of  the  Blue 
Lodge  in  Masonry. 

James  H.  Reger  was  born  April  4,  1844,  in  Madison  County,  Ind. , 
and  is  a  son  of  Saul  and  Mariah  Reger,  both  natives  of  Virginia,  where 
the  mother  died  when  James  was  an  infant.  The  father  was  after- 
ward maiTied  to  Mary  M.  Busby,  and  resided  in  Indiana  until  1855. 
He  then  sold  out,  and  with  five  sons  and  one  daughter  moved  to  Mis- 
souri, whither  two  daughters  had  gone  previously.  Three  older  sons 
remained  in  Indiana,  of  which  State  they  are  still  residents.  James 
H.  was  the  yoiingest  child  by  his  first  marriage,  and  lived  with  his 
father  in  Sullivan  County,  Mo.,  until  his  marriage,  November  3,  1S61, 
to  Charlotte,  daughter  of  Jonathan  Tipton.  He  shortly  after 
enlisted  in  the  Union  Army,  in  which  he  served  until  March  20,  1865. 
He  was  then  discharged  on  account  of  disability,  and  has  since  been  a 
sufferer  from  the  effects  of  the  exposure  of  camp  life.  After  his  dis- 
charge he  returned  to  his  wife  in  Sullivan  County,  where  he  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits  until  1877,  when  he  moved  to  Lineville,  Iowa, 
and  ran  a  confectionery  store  successfully  about  four  years.  During 
these  years  while  prospecting  for  coal  he  discovered  what  are  now 
known  as  the  ' '  Reger  Mineral  Springs, ' '  which  are  f amotis  in  that 
country  for  their  health  restoring  properties.  'Mr.  Reger  sold  half  of 
his  interest  in  these  springs  to  Mr.  William  H.  Alden,  in  partnership 
with  whom  he  has  built  a  large  and  commodious  hotel  at  a  cost  of 
$6,000,  which  is  finely  furnished,  and  to  which  people  suffering  from 
dyspepsia,  skin  diseases  or  general  debility  resort,  and  where  they 
almost  invariably  find  relief  in  the  health-giving  waters.  A  large 
number  of  people  are  accommodated  at  this  hotel,  and  the  place  is 
fast  becoming  a  quiet  and  pleasant  summer  resort  for  which  the  county 
is  greatly   indebted  to  Mr.  Reger. 

M.  F.  Robinson,  mayor  of  Princeton,  attorney  and  real  estate 
agent,  was  born  in  Laurel  County,  Ky.,  August  10,  1854.  He 
remained  in  his  native  State  until  about  seventeen  years  old,  when  he 
came  to  Princeton,  and  engaged  in  school  teaching  about  four  years 
in  Mercer  County.  He  was  made  deputy  recorder,  and  while  sei-ving 
in  that  capacity  commenced  to  study  law,  and  in  1879  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  afterward  practiced  his  chosen  profession  under  the 
firm  name  of  Wright  &  Robinson  until  the  decease  of  the  former  in 


4 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  737 

August,  1884.  Since  April,  1887,  Mr.  Kobinson  has  been  efficiently- 
discharging  the  duties  of  the  office  of  mayor.  In  1879  he  was  united 
in  marriage  to  Lulu  Wright,  a  native  of  Mercer  County,  by  whom 
two  sons  have  been  born:  Walter,  born  June  2,  1880,  and  Bertrand, 
born  November  9,  1881;  the  latter  died  September  8,  1884  The 
Robinson  family  came  fi'om  England  about  1760,  located  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  from  there  moved  to  Kentucky,  where  M.  L.  Robinson, 
the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born  in  May,  1824.  He  was  reared  in 
Kentucky,  and  afterward  married  Calista  Casteel,  by  whom  he  had  six 
sons  and  four  daughters,  all  living  with  the  exception  of  one  son  and 
one  daughter.     The  parents  are  now  residents  of  Mercer  County. 

Joshua  Rock  was  born  December  31,  1835,  in  Barren  County,  Ky., 
and  is  the  sixth  of  thirteen  children  (five  dead)  of  Joshua  and  Mary 
(Forbes)  Rock,  natives  of  Kentucky,  where  they  were  reared  and 
married.  Joshua  accompanied  his  parents  fi'om  Kentucky  to  Linn 
County,  Mo.,  when  six  years  old,  and  two  years  later  went  to  Macon 
County,  where  they  located  upon  a  farm,  where  they  lived  ten  years. 
In  the  spring  of  1852  they  moved  to  Grundy  County,  where  the 
father  died  in  1858.  The  mother  then  made  her  home  with  her  chil- 
dren until  of  late  years  when  she  moved  to  Modena,  where  she  died  in 
1887,  aged  about  eighty.  Joshua  received  a  common-school  educa- 
tion in  Macon  and  Grundy  Counties,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one 
began  life  for  himself  as  a  farm  hand  on  his  father's  farm.  Upon 
the  death  of  the  latter  he  assumed  the  control  of  the  estate  of  which 
he  was  appointed  administrator;  he  filled  that  position  with  efficiency, 
and  remained  upon  the  old  homestead  until  the  spring  of  1862,  when 
he  came  to  Mercer  County.  He  soon  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Thirty- 
fifth  Missouri  Infantry,  and  besides  several  skirmishes  was  present  at 
the  battles  of  Helena,  Ark. ,  and  Shell  Mound,  Mo.  He  was  mus- 
tered out  July  15,  1865,  and  in  September,  of  that  year,  returned  to 
his  farm  near  Modena  which  he  had  bought  previous  to  the  war.  In 
the  fall  of  1867  he  bought  the  mercantile  stock  of  George  W.  Stewart 
at  Modena,  and  engaged  in  that  business  at  Modena  seventeen  months. 
He  then  moved  upon  a  farm  he  had  purchased  in  Madison  Township, 
where,  until  November,  1881,  he  engaged  in  loaning  money,  farming 
and  merchandising.  Since  that  time  his  attention  has  been  devoted 
to  the  two  first  named  occupations.  He  wa=f  married  February  6, 
1868,  in  Mercer  County,  to  Amanda,  daughter  of  Charles  and  Mar- 
garet (Bradley)  Thompson.  Mrs.  Rock  was  born  in  Mercer  County, 
June  13,  1849,  and  is  the  mother  of  three  children:  Walter  F.,  Hat- 
tie  B.  and  Stella  May.     Mr.  Rock  is  a  worthy  member  of  the  Chris- 


738  MEKCER    COUNTY. 

tian  Chm-ch.  He  is  one  of  the  wealthy  citizens  of  the  county  owning 
about  1,000  acres  of  good  land,  and  having  money  out  at  interest 
which  amounts  to  more  than  the  value  of  his  real  estate.  Previous  to 
the  war  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for 
Douglas  in  1860,  but  since  the  war  has  been  a  stanch  Eepublican. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Gr.  A.  R. ,  Andrew  J.  Norton  Post. 

Volney  F.  Eowley  was  born  in  Tioga  County,  Penn. ,  February  10, 
1832,  and  is  a  son  of  Ichabod  and  Celia  (Harkness)  Rowley.  The 
father  was  born  in  Vermont,  April  21,  1795,  and  when  but  a  lad  was 
taken  by  his  parents  to  Tioga  County,  Penn.  When  about  twenty- 
five  years  of  age  he  was  married,  and  with  his  family  immigrated 
to  Illinois  in  1835,  where  he  resided  until  his  death.  He  was  an 
earnest  and  conscientious  member  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  left  a 
widow  and  a  large  circle  of  friends  to  mourn  his  loss.  Volney  F.  entered 
a  college  in  Illinois  in  1852,  which  he  attended  until  the  last  quarter  of 
his  junior  year,  when  he  went  to  Washington  County,  111.,  and  began 
to  teach  school,  and  study  law  under  Col.  Hicks.  In  1857  he  went  to 
Dade  County,  Mo. ,  but  shortly  after  went  to  California,  where  he  taught 
school  three  terms,  and  remained  until  1861.  He  then  returned  to 
his  father's  home  in  Illinois,  and  lived  upon  the  farm  until  1867,  after 
which  he  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.  He  is  now  the  owner  of  210 
acres  of  good  land,  under  a  fine  state  of  cultivation,  and  well  equipped 
for  farming.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Mercer  County  bar  in  1871,  and 
practiced  law  in  the  circuit  court  a  number  of  years.  For  ten  years 
he  has  been  the  justice  of  the  peace  where  he  resides,  to  the  duties 
of  which  position  and  his  general  office  work  he  devotes  his  time  and 
attention.  April  9,  1862,  he  married  Caroline  Millison,  a  native  of 
Illinois,  and  daughter  of  John  Millison,  a  native  of  Virginia.  Mr. 
Rowley  joined  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  in  1869,  of  which  he  has  since  been  a 
member.  He  was  a  Democrat  until  Fort  Snmter  was  fired  upon,  at 
which  time  he  changed  his  views,  and  has  since  been  a  hearty  sup- 
porter of  the  Republican  party.  He  is  still  interested  in  educational 
projects,  and  a  hearty  supporter  of  enterprises  for  the  general  welfare 
of  his  county. 

Thomas  E.  Sallee,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  was  born  in  Mercer 
County,  Mo.,  in  1841,  on  March  20,  and  is  a  son  of  Joseph  M.  and 
Matilda  A.  (Dunkeson)  Sallee.  The  father  was  of  French  descent, 
and  born  in  Rockingham  County,  Va.,  in  1815.  His  father,  Moses 
Sallee,  was  a  native  of  that  State,  and  a  cooper  by  trade,  who  died  in 
Tennessee.  Joseph  M. ,  when  six  years  old,  went  to  Ringgold  County, 
Tenn. ,  where  he  lived  until  his  marriage  in  1838.     The  following  year 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  739 

he  immigrated  to  Northern  Missouri,  and  located  near  Edinburg 
(now  Grundj  County),  where  he  took  up  a  claim.  About  a  year  later 
he  sold  out,  and  came  to  Mercer  County,  where  he  settled  iipon  the 
farm  now  owned  by  Israel  Smith,  and  which  is  situated  in  Harrison 
Township.  About  two  years  later  he  moved  to  Lindley  Township, 
where  he  resided  until  1876,  at  which  time  he  removed  to  Mount 
Moriah,  Harrison  County,  where  he  now  lives,  and  for  the  past  few 
years  has  served  as  postmaster.  He  also  held  that  position  in  Burr 
Oak,  Mercer  County.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest  living  settlers  of  Northern 
Missovu'i,  which,  when  he  came  to  it,  abounded  in  Indiana  and  wild 
animals,  and  was  a  vast  unbroken  prairie.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  for 
one  year  was  the  assessor  of  half  of  Mercer  County.  His  wife  was 
born  in  Kentucky  in  1813,  and  died  in  1856.  She  was  the  mother  of 
nine  children,  of  whom  our  subject  is  the  second.  He  received  a 
common  school  education  during  his  youth,  and  made  his  home  with 
his  parents  until  of  age.  In  1861  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Wood- 
ward, daughter  of  Elder  John  Woodward.  Mrs.  Sallee  was  born  in 
Decatur  County,  Ind.,  in  1845,  and  died  in  1862.  In  1867  Mr.  Sallee 
married  Miss  Adelia  Putnam,  daughter  of  Luther  and  Lucy  Putnam, 
and  a  native  of  Huron  County,  Ohio,  born  October  5,  1846.  She  came 
to  Mercer  County  when  eighteen  years  of  age,  and  is  the  mother  of 
the  following  children:  Henrietta,  Arthur  C,  Olive,  Carrie  M. ,  Ethel, 
Annie  and  Orville.  Mr.  Sallee  was  a  strong  Union  man  during  the 
war,  and  in  March,  1862,  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Third  Missouri 
Cavalry,  for  three  years,  participating  in  the  battles  at  Springfield 
and  numerous  severe  skirmishes.  In  June,  1864,  he  veteranized,  and 
enlisted  in  Company  M,  Thirteenth  Veteran  Volunteer  Cavalry,  and 
was  afterward  promoted  to  Company  C,  of  the  same  regiment.  In 
August,  1865,  he  was  made  second  lieutenant,  which  position  he  held 
until  discharged  in  May,  1866,  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kas.  About 
1857  he  entered  100  acres  of  land  in  Section  3,  Township  65,  Range 
25,  where  he  located  after  his  marriage,  and  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  now  owns  200  acres  of  land,  and  is  one  of  Harrison 
Township's  respected  and  enterprising  farmer  citizens.  He  has 
always  been  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Mc- 
Clellan  in  1864.  In  1877  he  was  elected  county  assessor,  and  in  1879 
re-elected  to  the  office,  thus  serving  four  years.  He  received  a  ma- 
jority of  209  in  a  Republican  county  of  400  majority,  which  forcibly 
illustrates  his  popularity  among  the  people.  In  1873  he  served  as 
township  assessor.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Missionary  Baptist 
Church  twenty-six  years,  and  his  wife  has  been  a  member  of  the  same 
church  twenty  years. 


740  MERCEE   COUNTY. 

Charles  Scott  (deceased),  was  a  successful  farmer  and  stock  raiser 
of  Harrison  Township,  Section  35,  Township  65,  Range  25,  born  in 
Ireland  in  1815,  and  a  son  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth  (Scott)  Scott. 
His  parents  were  born  in  Ireland  in  1790  and  1791,  respectively,  and 
in  1818  immigrated  to  the  United  States,  locating  first  in  Schuyler 
County,  Ohio.  After  several  years  had  elapsed,  they  went  to  Stark 
Cou^nty,  111. ,  but  passed  the  last  year  of  their  lives  in  Mercer  County, 
Mo.  The  father  died  in  1862,  and  the  mother  in  1872.  Charles  was 
but  three  years  old  when  brought  to  America  by  his  parents,  and  was 
married  in  this  country  in  1839  to  Miss  Rachel  Baxter,  who  was  born 
in  Ohio  in  1815.  After  his  man-iage  Mr.  Scott  moved  to  Stark  County, 
111.,  but  in  1841  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  locating  upon  the  above 
described  property.  He  lost  his  first  wife  in  1878,  and  June  5,  1879, 
married  Miss  Sarah  Oiler,  a  native  of  Cumberland  County,  Penn. ,  and 
born  February  8,  1851.  When  two  years  old  she  was  taken  by  her 
parents,  James  and  Rosanna  Oiler,  to  Noble  County,  Ind. ,  and  in  1868 
moved  to  Harrison  County,  Mo.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Oiler  are  natives  of 
Cumberland  County,  Penn.,  were  born  in  1820,  and  1825,  respectively, 
and  are  now  residents  of  Harrison  County,  Mo.  Mrs.  Scott  is  the 
mother  of  four  children:  Rosa,  Minnie  Jane,  Charles  James  and  Mary 
Elizabeth.  Mr.  Scott  was  a  poor  man  when  he  first  came  to  Mercer 
County,  but  by  industry,  close  attention  to  business,  and  with  the  aid 
of  his  wife,  became  the  owner  of  500  acres  of  land,  and  was  considered 
one  of  the  substantial  farmer  citizens  of  the  country.  He  was  highly 
esteemed  by  those  who  knew  him,  and  in  politics  was  a  Democrat,  and 
during  the  war  was  second  lieutenant  of  a  company  of  Home  Militia. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  died  Dec- 
ember 2,  1882,  since  which  time  his  widow  has  lived  upon  the  home 
place  caring  for  her  children,  and  looking  after  the  property. 

William  T.  Scott,  notary  public  and  justice  of  the  peace,  of  Mill 
Grove,  Washington  Township,  was  born  in  Marion  County,  111., 
March  24,  1847.  His  father,  Henry,  was  a  prominent  farmer  of  that 
State,  and  his  mother,  Edna  S. ,  daughter  of  Peter  'Wilburn,  was  born 
there  and  married  in  June,  1845.  William  T.  is  the  eldest  of  a  family 
of  five  sons  and  three  daughters,  and  accompanied  his  parents  to  Mis- 
souri in  1857,  but  returned  to  Illinois  in  1861.  He  enlisted  in  Company 
I,  Seventh  Illinois  Cavalry,  after  his  return  to  Illinois,  and  participated 
in  several  important  engagements.  While  in  service  he  participated  in 
twenty-two  battles,  besides  a  great  number  of  skirmishes,  and  was  on  one 
sixty-five  days'  raid  without  rest  or  receiving  any  mail.  He  was  fre- 
quently detailed  for  special  scout,  and  had  many  narrow  escapes  from 


BIOGRAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  741 

capture.  Three  times  he  was  struck  by  balls  from  the  enemy's 
guns,  but  only  once  disabled.  He  frequently  went  through  the  lines 
on  his  own  hook,  and  thereby  gained  valuable  information  in  regard 
to  the  enemy's  whereabouts  and  intentions.  He  was  wounsJed  in  the 
left  hip  at  the  battle  of  Nashville,  and,  although  disabled  for  active 
service,  remained  with  his  command  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Sir. 
Scott  then  returned  to  Missouri,  and  December  24,  1872,  married 
Hattie  A. ,  daughter  of  David  Butcher.  This  union  was  blessed  with 
seven  daughters,  two  of  whom  died  in  infancy.  Those  living  are 
Mary  E. ,  Mertie  M. ,  Clara  A. ,  Alice  A.  and  Carrie  L.  After  his  mar- 
riage he  bought  a  small  farm  of  140  acres,  and  engaged  in  farming  in 
connection  with  house  carpentering  until  1880.  He  then  sold  his  farm, 
and  bought  his  present  residence  in  Mill  Grove,  where  he  raises  bees 
and  discharges  the  duties  of  collecting  agent  and  notary  public.  He  is 
a  stanch  Republican  in  politics,  and  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Christian  Church.  He  is  also  connected  with  Capt.  Stanley  Post, 
No.  79,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  of  which  he  was  a  charter 
member. 

Peter  J.  Scott,  farmer  and  school  teacher,  was  born  in  Marion 
County,  111.,  August  3,  1849,  and  was  reared  by  his  father,  Henry 
Scott,  upon  a  farm.  During  his  youth  he  received  a  high  school 
education,  which  he  has  since  improved  by  study  and  teaching,  and  at 
the  age  of  nineteen  began  to  teach  school  himself.  He  has  been  very 
successful  in  his  vocation,  and  is  now  teaching  his  twelfth  term  in 
Mercer  County  and  his  sixth  term  at  Jlill  Grove.  That  he  is  a  popular 
and  highly  esteemed  teacher  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  his  is  the  largest 
district  school  in  Mercer  County,  and  that  his  services  are  in  demand 
so  often  in  the  same  place.  December  22,  1878,  he  married  Melissa 
M. ,  daughter  of  Mrs.  K.  M.  Butcher,  widow  of  Judge  David  Butcher. 
This  union  has  been  blessed  with  one  daughter — Delia  M. ,  who  is  an 
attendant  of  her  father's  school.  Mr.  Scott  came  to  Mill  Grove  in 
1875,  and  in  connection  with  his  teaching  has  farmed  upon  seventy- 
five  acres  of  good  land  adjoining  Mill  Grove,  although  he  resides  in 
one  of  the  best  houses  in  the  town.  Mr.  Scott  is  a  stanch  Repub- 
lican, and  himself  and  wife  are  active  and  worthy  members  of  the 
Christian  Chui'ch. 

Andrew  H.  Sexton,  of  Marion  Township,  Mercer  Co.,  Mo.,  is  the 
son  of  Isaac  F.  and  Polly  A.  Sexton,  who  came  fi-om  Kentucky  to 
Indiana  in  the  year  1818,  where  Andi-ew  H.  was  born,  in  Sullivan 
County,  November  1,  1831.  He  accompanied  his  parents  to  Mercer 
County,  Mo.,  in  the  year  1854,  where  he  bought  Government  land, 


742  MERCER    COUNTY. 

worked  out  by  the  month  much  of  the  time  till  the  spring  of  1859,  and 
was  then  carried  west  by  the  Pike's  Peak  gold  excitement,  walking 
from  Leavenworth  to  Denver  City  and  far  up  in  the  Rockies  in  search 
of  gold,  but  found  it  not.  He  then  returned,  and  began  farming, 
continuing  until  the  war  began,  when  he  enlisted  August  12,  1861,  in 
Company  B,  Fifth  Kansas  Cavalry.  He  served  his  country  three 
years  and  four  days,  being  mustered  out  August  15,  1864,  broken 
down  with  disease  and  hardships.  On  October  16,  1864,  Mr.  Sexton 
was  married  to  Samanthe  E.  Snyder,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  by  whom 
five  sons  and  three  daughters  were  born,  of  which  number  six  are  still 
living:  Almira  E.  (deceased),  Emily  J.,  Mary  A.,  JohnM. ,  Ira  F., 
Hunter  E.  (deceased),  Cassius  A.  and  Bird.  Mib.  Sexton  died  December 
2,  1885,  leaving  him  a  farm  and  his  children  to  care  for.  He  still  fol- 
lows farming  and  stock  raising  on  the  land  he  bought  from  the 
Government.  He  is  a  member  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  and  attends  the 
meetings  of  the  same  when  his  health  permits,  though  now  very 
feeble. 

Capt.  Joel  H.  Shelly  was  born  in  Luzerne  County,  Penn.,  Decem- 
ber 19,  1838,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Mary  (Shook)  Shelly,  also 
natives  of  Pennsylvania,  where  they  lived  and  died.  Joel  H.  arrived 
at  manhood  in  his  native  State,  and  was  educated  at  Wyoming  Semi- 
nary in  his  native  county.  In  1857  he  went  to  Iowa,  and  two  years 
later  left  that  State  and  came  to  Princeton.  He  served  as  deputy 
county  and  circuit  clerk  here  until  September,  1861,  and  then  served 
as  adjutant  of  Col.  Clark's  battalion  of  Missouri  Militia  until  April, 
1862;  he  then  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Sixth  Missouri  State  Militia 
Cavalry,  in  which  he  served  as  second  and  first  lieutenant  over  two 
years.  In  June,  1864,  he  was  commissioned  as  captain  of  Company  B, 
Thirteenth  Regiment  Missouri  Veteran  Volunteer  Cavalry,  in  which 
he  remained  until  mustered  out  in  May,  1866.  After  the  war  Mr. 
Shelly  returned  to  Princeton,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  is  one 
of  the  active  and  enterprising  business  men  of  Princeton,  where  he 
has  been  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  over  twenty  years.  In 
August,  1885,  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  the  town,  which  posi- 
tion he  is  filling  in  a  satisfactory  manner.  Capt.  Shelly  has  been 
twice  married,  but  death  claimed  both  his  wives.  He  has  one  living 
child — Frank  P. — a  son  by  his  first  wife,  whose  maiden  name  was 
Margaret  E.  Prichard.  Capt.  Shelly  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  served 
two  terms  as  treasurer  of  Mercer  County  by  election,  and  one  term  as 
collector  by  appointment  of  the  Governor,  on  account  of  the  change 
in  law  at  that  time.  He  is  a  Knight  Templar  in  Masonry,  and  a 
member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  A.  O.  U.  W.  and  G.  A.  R. 


15I0GBAPHICAL    APPENDIX.  743 

John  L.  Shipley,  M.  D. ,  a  leading  physician  and  surgeon  residing 
at  Ravanna,  was  born  in  Kentucky,  July  22,  1842,  and  is  a  son  of  Will- 
iam P.  and  Louisa  (Lowry)  Shipley,  natives  of  East  Tennessee,  who 
died  in  Clark  County,  Iowa,  in  February,  1881,  and  the  State  of  Ken- 
tucky in  1848,  respectively.  John  L.  attended  an  academy  when 
fourteen  years  old,  which  was  taught  by  Prof.  George  T.  Carpenter, 
now  president  of  Drake  University,  Iowa.  Here  he  studied  four 
years,  during  which  time  he  began  the  study  of  medicine.     In  July, 

1862,  his  studies  were  interrupted  by  his  enlistment  in  the  Twenty- 
third  Iowa,  in  which  he  served  three  years.  After  364  days'  service  as 
a  private,  on  account  of  courage  and  valiant  conduct  at  Black  River 
Bridge,  Miss.,  he  was  promoted  to  the  first  lieutenancy,   June  17, 

1863,  which  position  he  filled  with  fidelity  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  participated  in  every  battle  in  which  his  regiment  was  engaged. 
After  his  return  home  he  resumed  the  study  of  bis  chosen  profession 
at  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago,  and  after  completing  his  profes- 
sional education  he  located  in  Trenton,  Grundy  Co.,  Mo.  Here  he 
enjoyed  a  large  practice  for  ten  years,  although  during  the  last  two 
years  of  his  residence  he  was  unable  to  attend  to  his  business  on 
account  of  rheumatism.  In  1876  he  moved  with  his  family  to  Mercer 
County,  Mo.,  and  has  since  resided  in  the  town  of  Ravanna. 
Although  he  has  had  many  worthy  competitors,  Dr.  Shipley  has  had 
good  success,  and  is  now  one  of  the  leading  physicians  and  sui-geons 
of  the  county,  enjoying  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  September 
25,  1865,  he  was  united  in  marriage  to  Bertha  E.  Richey,  a  daughter 
of  John  D.  Richey,  a  pioneer  settler  of  Iowa.  To  this  union  eight 
children  were  born,  seven  now  living:  Edgar  P.,  Cora  M.,  Bessie, 
Glen  D.,  Flora  E.,  Claude  Jay  and  Bert  C.  Dr.  Shipley  is  a 
member  of  the  A.  F.  &.  A.  M.,  and  his  wife  is  a  member  of  the 
Christian  Church.  While  in  Grundy  County  Dr.  Shipley  was  quite 
prominent  in  politics,  and  frequently  takes  an  active  interest  in  the 
same  in  Mercer  County. 

Israel  Smith  is  a  son  of  Nathaniel  and  Nancy  (Hill)  Smith,  and 
was  born  in  Greene  County,  Penn.,  October  17,  1812.  His  father  was 
of  German  descent,  and  born  in  Tyler  County,  Va.,  in  1785.  His  occu- 
pation was  that  of  farming,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-five  he  went  to 
Greene  County,  Penn. ,  where  he  was  married  to  Nancy  Hill,  and  in 
the  fall  of  1816  immigrated  to  Knox  County,  Ohio,  where  he  died 
October  17,  1830.  The  mother  was  of  English  descent,  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1795,  and  died  October  2,  1867,  in  Mei-cer  County, 
Mo.     She  was  the  mother  of  eleven  children  of  whom  Israel  is  the 


744  MEECEK    COUNTY. 

second.  He  was  foui-  years  old  when  the  family  moved  to  Ohio,  and 
lived  at  home  until  the  age  of  twenty.  In  May,  1831,  he  married 
Miss  Eebecca  Arbuckle,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  born  September  2, 
1807.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  eleven  children  have  been  born,  eight 
of  whom  are  living:  Israel  F.,  John  L.,  Nancy,  Margaret  (wife  of  E. 
J.  Abrahams),  Eebecca  (wife  of  Berry  Eose),  Mary  M.  (wife  of  Noah 
Carter),  William  J.  and  Julia  B.  Mr.  Smith  lived  in  Knox  and 
Franklin  Counties,  Ohio,  until  1840,  and  then  settled  below  Prince- 
ton, Mercer  Co.,  Mo.  In  1846  he  entered  eighty  acres  of  his'present 
farm,  which  at  one  time  contained  770  acres,  but  now  consists  of  490. 
He  is  an  old  settler  of  the  county,  and  when  he  first  came  here  was 
obliged  to  go  to  Chillicothe  for  his  mail  and  to  Trenton  to  mill.  In 
1850  he  made  a  five  months'  trip  to  California  driving  an  ox  team.  He 
remained  there  about  nine  months,  and  then  returned  by  land  on 
muleback,  ninety  days  being  consumed  in  the  journey.  In  1862  he 
again  went  to  California,  and  in  1853  made  the  return  trip  in  sixty- 
six  days,  which  made  the  third  time  he  traveled  the  distance  uf)on 
the  same  mule.  In  August,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Fifth 
Kansas  Cavalry,  for  three  years.  He  was  in  the  battles  at  Drywood, 
Morristown  and  numerous  skirmishes,  and  was  finally  discharged  at 
Helena,  after  a  year's  service.  Before  the  war  he  was  a  Democrat, 
and  cast  his  presidential  vote  for  Jackson  in  1832,  but  since  the  war 
has  been  a  Eepublican.  Mr.  Smith  lost  his  wife  March  24,  1885, 
and  his  descendants  consist  of  eleven  children,  forty-nine  grandchil- 
dren and  twenty  great-grandchildren. 

Isaac  K.  Smith  was  born  in  Davie  County,  N.  C. ,  in  the  year  1821, 
and  is  a  son  of  Arthur  and  Mary  (Ellis)  Smith.  The  father  was  of 
English  and  German  descent,  and  born  in  North  Carolina  about  1790, 
where  he  was  married  in  1815  and  died  in  1828.  He  was  a  farmer  by 
occupation,  and  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.  His  wife  was  also  a 
native  of  North  Carolina,  born  in  1792  and  died  in  1861.  Isaac  K. 
Smith  is  one  of  a  family  of  five  children,  three  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing. He  was  but  seven  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  father's  death, 
and  in  1830  accompanied  his  mother  to  Wayne  County,  Ind.  In 
1883  his  mother  became  the  wife  of  Jesse  Ellis,  who  died  in  Madison 
County,  Ind. ,  whither  he  had  moved  in  1835.  Isaac  remained  with 
his  mother  until  his  marriage  May  16,  1847,  to  Miss  Clarinda 
Mui'phy,  who  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1830,  and  was  the  mother  of  the 
following  six  children :  Leroy  (deceased) ;  Monroe,  Alonzo  (deceased), 
John,  Mary  (wife  of  Jacob  Coon)  and  "William.  Mr.  Smith  lost  his 
wife  July  22,  1862,  and  December  14,  1862,  married  Miss  Catherine 


I 


BIOGEAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  745 

Scliwinn,  who  was  born  in  Hosse  Darmstadt,  Germany,  in  1841,  and 
came  to  America  in  1860.  To  thi.s  union  nine  children  have  been 
born:  Efifie  (deceased),  Sarah  Ann  (wife  of  Gilbert  Pittman),  Charles, 
Ida,  Isaac  (deceased),  Amos,  Minnie,  Drue  and  Bessie.  In  1868 
Mr.  Smith  immigrated  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  bought  240 
acres  of  land  in  Section  1,  Township  64,  Range  14,  upon  which  he 
moved,  and  where  he  has  since  resided  engaged  in  farming  and  stock 
raising  and  keeping  on  an  average  of  forty  head  of  stock.  He  is  a 
Democrat,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Polk  in  1844. 

Aaron  Smith  is  a  son  of  Jonathan  and  Catherine  (Stafford)  Smith, 
and  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Ind. ,  in  1828.  The  father  was  of 
Irish  and  Dutch  descent,  born  in  Tennessee  in  1805,  and  when  three 
years  old  was  taken  to  Kentucky.  In  his  youth  he  went  to  Franklin 
County,  Ind.,  where  he  was  mamed,  and  from  which  place  he  emi- 
grated to  Daviess  County,  Mo. ,  in  the  fall  of  1840,  where  he  now 
resides.  He  has  been  a  Baptist  minister  since  1844;  for  a  few  years 
had  charge  of  three  churches,  and  for  many  years  had  charge  of  two. 
Owing  to  ill  health  he  has  not  been  actively  engaged  in  his  ministerial 
duties  of  late  years.  For  ioivc  years  he  served  his  township  as  justice 
of  the  peace.  His  wife  is  of  English  descent,  was  born  in  Kentucky 
in  1804,  and  died  in  1876.  Aaron  is  the  second  of  a  family  of  eleven 
children,  all  of  whom  lived  to  maturity.  When  twelve  years  old  he 
was  taken  by  his  parents  to  Daviess  County,  Mo.,  with  whom  he  con- 
tinued to  live  until  of  age.  In  November,  1849,  he  married  Miss 
Eliza  Jane  Mitchell,  who  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1829,  and  by  whom 
he  has  had  five  children:  John  W.,  Sarah  L.  (wife  of  Henry  Davis), 
William  F.,  Jonathan  D.  and  Mary  C.  In  1852  be  went  overland  to 
California,  the  trip  occupying  three  months,  and  when  there  worked 
in  mines  and  upon  a  ranch  for  $110  per  month.  In  1853  he  returned 
to  Missouri,  and  purchased  164  acres  in  Harrison  County.  In  1863  he 
went  to  Marion  County,  Iowa,  and  in  1865  came  to  Mercer  County, 
Mo.,  where  he  settled  in  Morgan  Township,  and  in  1865  bought  197 
acres  of  land  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  a  Democrat,  and  cast  his 
first  presidential  vote  for  Pierce  in  1852.  Mr.  Smith  lost  his  first  wife 
on  July  18,  1860,  and  August  29,  1861,  married  Miss  Clarinda  Agnes 
McG — .  Mrs.  Smith  was  born  in  Callaway  County,  Mo.,  in  1834,  and 
to  her  and  Mr.  Smith  the  following  children  have  been  born:  Frances 
Jane,  David  Madison,  Benjamin  Lockhart  and  George  W.  Mrs. 
Smith  and  two  sons  are  members  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  Mr. 
Smith  belongs  to  the  Masonic  fraternity,  of  which  he  is  a  member  of 
the  Blue  Lodge. 

47 


746  MERCER    COUNTY. 

John  Snyder  was  born  February  3,  1815,  in  Whitley  County,  Ky. , 
and  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Anna  Snyder,  both  natives  of  Virginia,  who, ' 
a  short  time  after  their  marriage,  settled  in  Whitley  County,  Ky.  At 
that  time  they  had  two  sons  and  one  daughter,  having  lost  one  daugh- 
ter while  on  their  journey,  whom  they  buried  near  Cumberland  Gap. 
They  entered  113  acres  of  land  upon  the  banks  of  the  Cumberland 
Kiver,  out  of  which  they  proceeded  to  make  a  home.  One  of  the  ear- 
liest memories  of  John  Snyder  is  the  drowning  of  his  father  in  the 
Cumberland  River,  while  in  bathing  with  his  sons.  Although  John 
was  but  three  years  old  at  the  time,  the  sad  sight  was  vividly  stamped 
upon  his  mind.  The  family  was  left  in  but  poor  circumstances,  but  the 
mother  managed  to  keep  the  family  together,  and  rear  her  children 
on  the  farm.  John  received  but  a  meager  education  during  his  youth, 
as  his  services  were  required  upon  the  farm,  and  he  remembers  often 
working  for  neighbors  all  day  for  a  half -bushel  of  corn.  He  remained 
with  his  mother  until  his  marriage  to  Diana  M. ,  daughter  of  William 
Brown,  of  Whitley  County,  Ky.,  October  29,  1839.  This  union  was 
blessed  with  three  sons:  William  H.,  bom  November  15,  1840;  James 
M. ,  born  September  4,  1843,  and  Zachariah  T. ,  born  February  15, 
1848.  In  1850  Mr.  Snyder  sold  his  property  in  Kentucky,  and  with 
a  wagon  dravra  by  three  yoke  of  oxen  started  westward.  In  forty- 
four  days  he  arrived  in  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  October  24,  1850.  He 
found  the  country  sparsely  settled,  but  untroubled  by  the  Indians, 
who  had  but  a  short  time  previous  been  driven  away.  Here  he  pur- 
chased eighty  acres  of  land,  upon  which  was  a  log  cabin,  and  into  this 
moved  his  family.  He  entered  240  acres  adjoining  his  purchase, 
which  he  improved,  and  then  turned  his  entire  attention  to  farming, 
in  which  he  was  successful.  Here  three  more  children  were  born: 
Emily  E.,  born  February  26,  1853;  George  M.,  born  August  26, 
1857,  and  Doctor  F.,  born  August  1,  1862.  The  eldest  son  afterward 
died  in  the  service  of  the  Union  army.  Sir.  Snyder  did  not  serve  in 
the  army,  as  he  was  exempt  on  account  of  poor  health,  but  he  aided 
the  Union  cause  all  he  could  at  home.  He  has  always  been  interested 
in  the  progress  and  welfare  of  his  county,  and  after  the  war  was 
elected  to  the  presidency  of  the  board  of  the  county  court,  over  which 
he  presided  about  iifteen  years,  during  which  time  there  was  always 
money  enough  in  the  treasury  to  pay  all  just  claims.  In  1875  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  and  has  since  followed  the  legal  profession.  In 
politics  he  is  a  Republican  in  principle,  but  holds  principles  higher 
than  party  triumphs,  and  votes  for  the  man  he  thinks  best  for  the 
position.     He  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  leading  men  in  the  promotion 


BIOGKAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  747 

of  the  welfare  of  the  county,  and  was  the  means  of  having  the  railroad 
built  through  same.  He  is  an  enterprising  and  highly  respected  citi- 
zen, and  himself  and  wife  are  blessed  with  a  large  circle  of  admiring 
friends. 

Hezekiah  Snyder  was  born  in  Westmoreland  County,  Penn.,  March 
25,  1825,  and  is  a  son  of  Peter  and  Lydia  (Kow)  Snyder,  also  natives 
of  Westmoreland  County,  Penn.,  and  born  in  1794  and  1805,  respect- 
ively. The  father  was  a  carpenter  by  trade,  but  owned  a  farm  in 
Pennsylvania  which  he  had  cultivated,  and  which  he  sold  in  1868,  and 
while  upon  a  visit  to  Missouri,  in  1866,  he  determined  to  end  his  days 
in  this  State.  His  death  occurred  at  the  residence  of  his  son  in  1869. 
His  father,  Mathias  Snyder,  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  a  sol- 
dier in  the  War  of  1812.  Lydia  (Kow)  Snyder  returned  to  Westmore- 
land County,  Penn.,  after  the  death  of  her  husband,  and  although 
advanced  in  years  still  retains  her  faculties  and  enjoys  good  health. 
For  some  time  she  has  been  visiting  her  son  in  Mercer  County.  She 
is  a  member  of  the  German  Reformed  Church,  as  was  also  her  hus- 
band. Hezekiah  is  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  nine  children,  seven  of 
whom  are  living.  His  early  education  was  received  at  the  common 
schools  of  Pennsylvania,  and  he  lived  with  his  parents  until  twenty- 
one  years  of  age.  He  then  engaged  in  the  stable  business  until  his 
removal  to  Green  County,  Wis. ,  where  he  lived  two  years.  Since 
his  residence  in  Mercer  County,  where  he  came  in  1857,  he  has  been 
engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising,  and  makes  a  specialty  of  horses. 
He  owns  220  acres  of  good  land,  which,  under  his  care,  has  been 
greatly  improved.  When  he  left  Wisconsin  his  intention  was  to  locate 
in  Kansas,  bat  on  account  of  the  trouble  there  at  that  time  he  stopped 
in  Missouri,  at  which  time  his  earthly  possessions  consisted  of  a  team 
and  wagon.  In  1847  he  married  Lucy  Painter,  a  native  of  Westmore- 
land County,  Penn.,  born  in  1825.  Her  father  was  also  a  native  of 
that  county,  and  died  in  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in  May,  1886,  aged 
eighty-four.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Snyder  ten  children  have  been  born, 
all  living  and  all  married  save  one:  Elijah,  Alexander  H. ,  Diana, 
Eliza  J.,  John  B.,  Lida  A.,  Lydia  E.,  Agnes  M.,  George  W.  (unmar- 
ried) and  Mary  V.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Snyder  are  members  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Chiu-ch,  although  formerly  they  belonged  to  the  German 
Reformed.  He  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and  himself  and  wife  are 
highly  respected  and  esteemed  citizens. 

James  M.  Snyder  was  born  in  Whitley  County,  Ky. ,  September  4, 
1843,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Diana  Snyder,  natives  of  Kentucky, 
who  immigrated  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  in  1850,  bringing  with  them 


748  MEBCEK    COUNTY. 

three  sons:  TVilliam  H.  H. ,  Zachaiias  I.  and  James  M.  The  latter 
remained  at  home  with  his  parents  and  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits 
until  his  marriage  with  Mrs.  Sarah  J.  Graham,  widow  of  John  Gra- 
ham, and  a  daughter  of  AVilliam  Alley,  of  Mercer  County.  This  mar- 
riage occurred  December  6,  1868,  and  Mr.  Snyder  immediately  moved 
upon  his  own  farm.  Mr.  Snyder  is  the  owner  of  eighty  acres  of  land, 
well  improved  and  cultivated,  considerable  town  property,  and  also 
has  a  hotel  and  a  blacksmith  shop.  He  has  never  had  any  children 
of  his  own,  but  adopted  a  little  girl,  who  is  known  by  the  name  of 
Birdie  M.  Snyder,  who  is  being  educated  and  well  cared  for  by  her 
adopted  parents.  She  is  a  daughter  of  George  Persons,  and  was  born 
October  31,  1874.  While  her  parents  were  making  an  overland  journey 
in  a  wagon  her  mother  was  thrown  from  the  wagon  and  killed.  Mr. 
Snyder  is  an  enterprising  citizen,  and  a  Republican  in  politics.  He 
is  a  public-spirited  man,  and  a  liberal  supporter  of  laudable  public 
enterprises. 

William  and  David  Speer,  president  and  cashier,  respectively,  of 
the  Bank  of  Princeton,  and  dealers  in  hardware,  farm  implements, 
stoves,  sewing  machines,  etc.,  founded  their  present  extensive  busi- 
ness in  Princeton  in  the  spring  of  1871.  Their  father,  John  Speer, 
was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1810,  and  was  married  in  Ohio  to  Nancy 
Stanfield,  who  afterward  died  in  that  State.  The  father  afterward 
married  Jane  Stevens  in  Ohio,  of  which  union  there  is  one  surviving 
daughter.  To  his  first  marriage  three  sons  were  born,  of  whom  two 
are  now  living.  John  Speer  died  in  Lee  County,  Iowa,  in  1856.  His 
paternal  grandfather  emigrated  from  Ireland  to  South  Carolina,  in 
which  State  the  family  lived  for  many  years.  William  and  David 
Speer  were  born  to  their  father's  first  maiTiage,  and  are  natives  of 
Greene  County,  Ohio,  where  they  were  born  August  19,  1834,  and 
January  3,  1840,  respectively.  They  were  principally  reared  in  their 
native  county,  but  in  1850  accompanied  their  parents  to  Lee  County, 
Iowa.  William,  who  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  family,  soon  after  en- 
gaged in  the  mercantile  business  at  Centreville,  Iowa,  a  few  years, 
and  in  1862  located  at  Ravanna,  Mercer  Co.,  Mo.,  where  he  engaged 
in  the  mercantile  and  live  stock  trade  until  1868.  He  was  then  elected 
sheriff  of  the  county,  which  office  he  filled  two  terms  of  two  years 
each  with  efficiency  and  credit,  and  after  the  expiration  of  same  he 
became  identified  with  the  banking  interests  of  Princeton,  and  also  a 
partner  in  the  hardware  firm  of  Speer  Bros,  since  1871.  In  1858 
he  married  Phcebe  A.  Lantz,  a  native  of  Wayne  County,  Ind. ,  by 
whom  two  sons  and  two  daughters  were  born:  John  C.  (deceased). 


I 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  749 

Clifford  E.,  Maggie  and  Jessie.  Mrs.  Speer  died  July  10,  1885.  Mr. 
Speer  is  a  member  of  the  A.  F.  &  A.  M.,  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  A.  0. 
U.  W.  David  Speer,  the  second  subject  of  this  sketch,  returned  to 
Ohio  to  complete  his  education,  and  two  years  later  embarked  in  the 
mercantile  business  at  Corydon,  Iowa,  where  he  remained  until  1864. 
He  then  came  to  Princeton,  and  engaged  in  business  two  years,  after 
which  he  resided  in  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  until  1871.  He  then  returned  to 
Princeton,  and  has  since  had  control  of  the  business  interests  of  Speer 
Bros.  In  1862  he  married  Julia  F.  Graves,  a  native  of  Iowa,  by  whom 
three  sons  and  two  daughters  have  been  born.  One  son  is  now 
deceased.  MJr.  David  Speer  was  a  member  of  the  county  court  in  1885 
and  1886,  and  is  a  member  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  and  A.  O.  U.  W. 

John  J.  Stanley  was  born  in  Chariton  County,  Mo.,  August  30, 
1842,  and  is  a  son  of  Duncan  E.  and  Elizabeth  Frances  (Wilkerson) 
Stanley,  natives  of  Cooper  County,  Mo. ,  and  Virginia,  respectively. 
Jonathan  R.  Stanley,  the  grandfather  of  John  J.,  was  one  of  the  pio- 
neer settlers  of  Missouri,  and  located  in  Boone  County,  about  1815. 
Duncan  R.'  moved  to  Mercer  County  in  1844,  and  settled  seven 
miles  southeast  of  Princeton  upon  a  claim  where  he  resided,  success- 
fully engaging  in  farming  iintil  1865.  He  then  removed  to  Linn 
County,  where  he  died  in  July,  1887,  in  his  sixty-seventh  year,  leav- 
ing a  widow  and  the  following  children :  John  J. ;  Eva,  wife  of  Enslow 
Gose,  of  Linn  County,  Mo. ;  Virginia  Frances,  wife  of  G.  P.  Lammore 
of  Mill  Grove;  Louisa  P.,  Colman  C.  and  Louis  R.  John  J.  spent 
his  youth  upon  his  father's  farm,  and  received  a  good  common-school 
education.  Upon  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  enlisted  in  Company 
D,  Second  Missouri  Volunteer  Cavalry  known  as  Merrill's  Horse,  and 
served  four  years  and  three  months,  during  which  time  he  was  first  a 
private  and  then  a  non-commissioned  ofiScer.  After  the  cessation  of 
hostilities  he  engaged  in  farming  in  Mercer  County  until  1874,  and 
then  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Mill  Grove  successfully, 
until  1876.  He  then  served  as  constable  until  1880,  dm-ing  which 
time  he  was  interested  in  stock  trading,  which  business  he  afterward 
continued  in  connection  with  his  farming  until  November,  1886.  In 
1880  he  was  also  census  eniimerator.  In  1886  he  was  elected  sheriff 
by  the  Republicans,  of  which  party  he  is  a  stanch  member,  and  is  now 
discharging  the  duties  of  that  office  with  general  satisfaction.  He  is 
Junior  Vice -Commander  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  Capt.  Stanley  Post,  No.  79, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  and  respected  citizens  of  the 
county.     Himself  and  wife  are  members  of  the  Christian  Union  Church. 

R.  W.  Steckman,  attorney  of  Princeton,  was  admitted  to  the  Mer- 


750  MERCEE    COUNTY. 

cer  County  bar  in  1880,  but  being  elected  probate  judge,  January, 
1879,  he  did  not  practice  his  profession  until  the  expiration  of  his  term 
of  office,  January  1,  1887.  He  was  born  in  Bedford  County,  Penn. , 
November  30,  1849,  and  educated  and  principally  reared  in  Brown 
County,  111.  In  the  spring  of  1872  he  came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo., 
whither  his  parents  had  preceded  him  in  the  fall  of  1871.  In  1874 
he  returned  to  Brown  County,  111. ,  and  there  married  Melvina  Harris, 
a  native  of  that  county.  He  subsequently  taught  school  in  Mercer 
and  Grundy  Counties  during  the  winter  seasons,  and  devoted  his  time 
to  agricultural  pursuits  during  the  summer  seasons,  until  he  was 
elected  probate  judge.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Steckman  two  sons  and 
three  daughters  have  been  born.  Mr.  Steckman  is  a  worthy  member 
of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  belongs  to  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  He  is  the 
eldest  child  of  a  family  of  four  sons  and  three  daughters  (two  now 
deceased)  born  to  Philip  and  Mary  (Kerr)  Steckman ,  natives  of  Bed- 
ford County,  Penn.,  and  born  in  1813  and  1820,  respectively,  where 
they  were  married.  The  father  died  in  Grundy  County,  Mo.,  in  1880, 
and  the  mother  is  at  present  a  resident  of  Trenton,  Mo.  The  paternal 
grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  Henry  Steckman,  immigrated 
to  America  fi-om  Germany,  and  died  in  Pennsylvania. 

John  W.  Stockman  was  born  in  Bourbon  County,  Ky. ,  January  7, 
1831,  and  reared  in  Putnam  County,  Ind.  His  father,  Francis  Stock- 
man was  born  in  England  in  March,  1788,  and  about  1820  immigrated 
to  the  United  States,  and  permanently  located  in  Bourbon  County,  Ky. , 
although  he  was  married  in  Montgomery  County,  Ky.,  to  Sallie  A. 
Kelly.  After  his  marriage  he  lived  in  Bourbon  County,  Ky. ,  about 
twelve  years.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stockman  then  moved  to  Putnam  County, 
Ind. ,  upon  a  farm,  where  they  lived  until  1837,  when  they  removed  to 
Mercer  County,  Mo.,  where  their  deaths  occurred  December  15,  1859, 
and  March  6,  1872,  respectively.  John  W.  lived  with  his  parents 
until  his  marriage  in  Putnam  County,  Ind.,  in  March,  1857,  to 
Eebecca  Lewis,  daughter  of  Absalom  Lewis,  and  a  native  of  Decatur 
County,  Ind.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stockman  eight  children  have  been 
born,  of  whom  all  save  one  are  now  living:  Frances  Lewis,  Edward  E., 
Mary  J. ,  Martha  A. ,  Horace  G. ,  Harriet  E.  and  John  W.  After  his 
marriage  Mr.  Stockman  immediately  went  to  Kansas  in  search  of  a 
home,  leaving  his  wife  with  his  father  and  mother.  After  three 
months'  absence  he  returned  to  Putnam  County,  Ind. ,  and  a  short  time 
afterward  his  parents  and  himself  and  wife  removed  to  Mercer  County, 
Mo.  He  then  settled  upon  his  present  farm,  which  contains  460  acres 
of  well  improved  land,  upon  which  he  is  successfully  engaged  in  farm- 


BIOGKAPHICAL    APrENDIS.  751 

ing  and  stock  raising.  He  is  a  Republican,  and  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  fraternity  since  twenty-one  years  of  age.  His  wife  is 
a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

William  M.  Summers  was  born  July  IS,  1S33,  in  Jefferson 
County,  Tenn.  His  father,  Manering  Summers,  and  his  mother,  Ma- 
hala,  were  natives  of  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee,  respectively,  and 
man'ied  in  Tennessee,  afterward  making  their  home  in  Jefferson 
County.  When  William  M.  was  fifteen  years  old  he  accompanied  his 
parents  to  Burlington,  Iowa,  living  in  that  State  about  five  years. 
He  then  moved  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  where  he  married  Catherine 
C.  Bryan,  daughter  of  Allen  A.  Bryan,  by  whom  seven  children  were 
born,  five  now  living,  and  two  married  and  residents  of  Missouri. 
When  he  first  came  to  Mercer  County  Mi'.  Summers  entered  120  acres  of 
land  one  mile  west  of  the  present  site  of  Lineville,  but  has  since  added 
to  his  possession  until  now  he  is  the  owner  of  410  acres  of  good  land, 
and  also  owns  nine  town  lots  in  Somerset,  Mercer  County.  He  is 
engaged  in  the  drug  business  in  Lineville  just  over  the  Missoui-i  line, 
and  is  one  of  the  enterprising  and  energetic  business  men  of  the 
place,  carrying  a  stock  of  goods  valued  at  about  13,000.  He  is  a 
member  of  Somerset  Lodge,  No.  206,  in  Masonry,  and  in  politics 
is  a  Eepublican. 

J.  W.  Thompson  was  born  March  29,  1839,  in  that  portion  of 
Livingston  ten-itory  which  is  now  Grundy  County,  Mo.  He  is  the 
eldest  of  a  family  of  three  children  born  to  Patrick  Henry  and  Letitia 
(Thompson)  Thompson.  His  parents  were  cousins,  and  natives  of 
Tazewell  County,  Va.  They  accompanied  their  respective  parents  to 
Ray  County,  Mo.,  when  children,  and  in  1833  moved  with  them  to 
the  northwestern  part  of  what  is  now  Grundy  County.  Dr.  Will- 
iam P.  Thompson,  our  subject's  grandfather,  was  the  first  physician 
in  that  region,  and  built  the  first  cabin  in  Grundy  County.  There 
the  parents  of  J.  W.  were  married.  The  father  died  in  18-44,  and  the 
mother  afterward  became  the  wife  of  Thomas  Holman,  by  whom  she  had 
five  children,  none  now  living.  Her  death  occurred  October  10,  1859. 
J.  W'.  Thompson  attended  school  about  three  months  during  hia 
youth  at  the  primitive  log  schoolhouse  of  the  neighborhood,  and  at 
the  age  of  seventeen  was  apprenticed  to  learn  the  blacksmith's  trade 
of  O.  G.  Newton,  at  Edinbiirg,  Mo.  After  two  and  a  half  years' 
apprenticeship  he  began  to  travel,  covering  a  good  deal  of  land  in 
the  west  and  east.  He  served  some  time  as  a  boat  hand  upon  a 
steamer  which  ran  on  the  Lower  Mississippi  and  Ohio  Rivers,  and 
then   became   overseer  of  the  farm  of    John  Martin   at  Hawesville, 


752 


MEECEK   COUNTY. 


Ky.  His  next  move  was  to  Missouri,  where  he  resided  in  La  Fayette 
County  some  time.  He  then  made  his  home  in  Eay  County  with 
Barney  Cravens  until  the  commencement  of  the  war,  when  he  entered 
the  militia  under  Capt.  Sacrey.  In  the  spring  of  1862  he  enlisted 
in  Company  K,  Twenty-eighth  Missouri  Infantry,  United  States  Army, 
from  which  he  was  transferred  to  Company  F,  Tenth  Missouri  Cavalry. 
He  was  discharged  in  December,  1862,  on  account  of  disability,  and 
in  August  of  that  year  returned  to  Grundy  County.  He  farmed  in 
Grundy  County  until  1874,  and  then  bought  a  farm  in  the  south- 
west portion  of  Mercer  County,  upon  which  he  moved  and  lived 
four  years.  He  then  moved  upon  his  present  farm  in  Madison  Town- 
ship, which  he  had  piu'chased,  and  upon  which  he  has  since  resided. 
This  farm  contains  172  acres  of  good  land,  which  is  the  result  of  indus- 
try and  good  management  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Thompson.  August  9, 
1863,  Mr.  Thompson  married  Julia,  daughter  of  Thomas  Jefferson  and 
Sarah  Bryan.  Mrs.  Thompson  was  born  February  6,  1841,  in  Ill- 
inois, and  from  there  moved  with  her  parents  to  Du  Bois  County,  Ind. , 
where  she  was  afterward  married.  Mr.  Thompson  is  a  successful  and 
respected  citizen,  and  in  politics  is  a  Democrat.  At  one  time  he 
was  nominated  by  acclamation  by  his  party  for  the  county  judgeship, 
and  although  he  ran  ahead  of  his  ticket,  the  county  is  so  largely  Repub- 
lican that  he  was  defeated.  He  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for 
Stephen  A.  Douglas,  and  has  always  been  a  hearty  and  active  supporter 
of  his  party. 

James  A.  Thompson  was  born  March  7,  1852,  in  Mercer  County, 
Mo. ,  and  is  a  son  of  Isaac  D .  and  Mary  J.  (Sorrell)  Thompson.  After 
coming  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  the  father  resided  upon  a  farm  in  the 
southwestern  part  of  the  county  near  Modena,  and  in  connection  with 
his  farming  was  a  successful  practicing  physician  and  surgeon  until 
his  death.  The  mother  and  the  following  children  survive  him: 
Ann  E.  (wife  of  George  K.  Cox  of  Albia,  Iowa),  Martha  F.  (widow 
of  Dr.  A.  H.  May,  late  of  Princeton),  Nancy  M. ,  James  A.  and  George 
R.,  physician  of  Princeton.  James  A.  was  reared  and  educated  in 
his  native  county,  and  being  fitted  to  teach  engaged  in  that  vocation 
during  four  years  of  his  early  life  in  the  schools  of  Mercer  County. 
He  then  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Modena  for  two 
years  or  until  he  was  elected,  in  1878,  clerk  of  the  circuit  court,  and 
ex  officio  recorder  of  Mercer  County.  For  two  terms  of  four  years 
each  be  officiated  in  that  capacity  in  a  faithful  and  efficient  manner, 
and  in  November,  1886,  was  elected  collector  of  the  county,  the 
duties  of  which  oifice  he  is   discharging   in  an  able  manner.       He  is 


BIOGRAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  753 

identified  with  the  Eepublican  party.  February  19,  1882,  he  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Sarah  E.  Morrow,  a  native  of  Caldwell 
County,  Mo.,  by  whom  one  son,  William,  has  been  born.  Mr. 
Thompson  is  the  present  Chief  Patriarch  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  A.  O.  U.  W. ,  and  one  of  the  entei-prising  citizens  of  Mercer 
County. 

George  Richard  Thompson,  M.  D. ,  is  a  native  of  Mercer  County, 
Mo.,  and  was  born  November  27,  1854.  He  is  a  son  of  Isaac  D. 
Thompson  [see  sketch  of  James  A..  Thompson],  and  was  reared  to 
manhood  in  his  native  county.  He  was  educated  at  the  State  Univer- 
sity of  Columbia,  Mo.,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-four  began  the  study 
of  medicine  with  his  brother,  the  late  Dr.  John  T.  Thompson,  of 
Modena.  Later  he  attended  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  from  which  institution  he  graduated  in  1882.  He 
began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Modena,  and  in  March,  1884, 
removed  to  Princeton,  where  he  has  met  with  well-deserved  success, 
and  controls  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  During  a  fire  which 
occurred  at  Princeton  February  4,  1885,  he  sustained  some  severe 
injuries  which  compelled  him  to  abandon  his  practice  for  about  a  year, 
and  he  consequently  engaged  in  the  drug  business,  in  which  he  has 
also  been  successful.  He  is  now  in  partnership  with  J.  L.  Wyman, 
and  the  firm  is  acknowledged  as  among  the  leading  druggists  of  Mer- 
cer County.  He  is  a  Royal  Ai-ch  Mason,  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and 
one  of  the  well-to-do  and  respected  citizens  of  Mercer  County. 

Amos  Twadell  was  born  October  4,  1818,  in  Jefferson  Coiinty,  Ind. , 
and  is  a  son  of  James  and  Anna  (Risley)  Twadell.  The  father  was 
born  in  County  Londonderry,  Ireland,  in  1774,  and  when  a  year  old 
was  brought  by  his  father,  Daniel  Twadell,  to  America.  The  latter 
was  in  the  Revolutionary  War  for  six  years  in  Gen.  Gates'  division, 
and  when  Gates  was  relieved  he  served  under  Gen.  Green  till  the 
close  of  the  war.  James  Twadell  lived  in  Massachusetts  until  twenty- 
three  years  old,  and  then  went  to  Genesee  County,  N.  Y.  In  1801 
he  married,  and  in  1817  moved  to  Jefferson  County,  Ind.  In  1835  he 
moved  to  Jennings  County  in  the  same  State,  where  he  died  in  1856, 
aged  eighty-four.  He  served  one  year  and  three  months  in  the  War 
of  1812,  and  was  in  the  battles  of  Queenstown  and  Bridgewater;  his 
occupation  was  that  of  farming.  The  mother  was  of  Welsh  descent, 
born  in  New  Hampshire  in  1788,  and  died  November  8,  1882.  Amos 
Twadell  was  the  second  of  a  family  of  eight  chOdi'en,  and  lived  with 
his  parents  until  twenty-two  years  old,  receiving  a  common-school 
education  during  his  youth.     In  1835  he  accompanied  his  parents  to 


754  MERCEB    COUNTY. 

Jennings  Coianty,  and  was  there  married  September  3,  1843,  to  Miss 
Tina  Kennedy,  who  was  born  in  Delaware  County,  N.  Y. ,  August  1)., 
1822.  To  this  union  thirteen  children  were  born,  only  five  of  whom 
are  living:  Isaiah;  Alfonso,  a  farmer  of  Harrison  County;  Almira, 
wife  of  John  W.  Moore;  John,  a  lumberman  of  Colorado,  and  Lyda, 
wife  of  Monroe  Milliner,  of  Lyon  County,  Kas.  In  1851  Mr.  Twadell 
immigrated  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  the  same  year  entered  120 
acres  of  land,  where  he  has  since  made  his  residence.  He  now  owns 
125  acres,  and  has  a  good  and  comfortable  home.  He  is  an  old  citizen 
of  the  county  and  highly  respected.  He  possesses  a  wonderful  mem- 
ory, and  remembers  dates  and  occurrences  with  accuracy.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Republican,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Van  Buren 
in  1840.  He  served  his  township  as  school  director  of  his  home  dis- 
trict for  twenty- four  years,  and  during  the  war  served  two  years  in 
the  State  Militia.  Himself  and  wife  have  been  members  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church  over  forty  years. 

H.  E.  Wayman,  owner  and  proprietor  of  Grand  River  Nursery 
and  Fruit  Farm,  situated  three  miles  north  of  Princeton,  and  Edin- 
burg  Nursery,  located  at  Edinburg,  Grundy  Co.,  Mo.,  four  miles 
west  of  Trenton,  is  a  native  of  Seneca  County,  Ohio,  and  was  born 
October  1,  1848.  His  parents,  John  and  Mary  (Smith)  Wayman, 
were  born  in  Woods  County,  Ohio,  in  1881,  and  in  Maryland,  in  1813, 
respectively.  In  1854  they  moved  to  Keokuk  County,  Iowa,  where 
the  mother  died  in  1856.  In  1865  the  father  moved  to  Yam  Hill 
County,  Oreg.,  and  in  1870  he  died  in  Washington  County,  Oreg. 
H.  K.  Wayman  is  the  seventh  of  a  family  of  ten  children,  and  was  six 
years  old  when  taken  to  Iowa.  He  received  a  common- school  educa- 
tion, and  began  business  for  himself  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years  by  hir- 
ing to  work  on  a  farm  at  $12  per  month.  In  the  spring  of  1867  he 
worked  his  passage  across  the  plains  to  the  "  Rockies  "  on  an  ox- train, 
by  driving  one  of  the  teams  and  walking  all  the  way.  He  spent  two 
years  in  Colorado,  Wyoming  and  New  Mexico,  teaming  and  mining. 
In  1869  he  returned  to  Mercer  County,  and  began  work  in  his  nursery, 
which  he  and  his  brother,  S.  M. ,  established  in  1868.  The  firm  was 
known  as  Wayman  Bros.  In  1883  he  bought  a  farm  in  Grundy  County 
near  Edinburg,  and  established  a  nursery  there.  About  60, 000  trees 
are  kept  growing  in  this  nui'sery  to  supply  the  trade.  In  April,  1888, 
he  bought  his  brother' s  interest  in  both  land  and  nursery  stock,  and 
up  to  this  date  has  been  the  sole  owner  and  proprietor.  He  has  been 
very  successful  in  his  enterprise,  and  is  well  acquainted  with  the  best 
methods  of  fruit  growing  and  tree  planting.     The  Grand  River  Nursery 


BIOGKAPHICAL   APPENDIX.  755 

and  Fniit  Farm  contains  346  acres.  The  nursery  is  the  only  one  in 
the  county.  The  stock  in  both  nurseries  comprises  about  125,000 
apple  trees,  with  a  porportionate  amount  of  general  nursery  stock. 
April  24,  1870,  he  married  Miss  Josephine,  Johnson,  who  was  born  in 
Rushville,  111.,  in  1852.  The  names  of  their  children  are  Lula, 
Herbert,  Estelle,  Olave  and  Inez.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wayman  are 
Seventh-day  Baptists,  and  in  politics  the  former  is  Independent. 

Lafayette  G.  Wells  was  born  in  McMinn  County,  Tenn.,  August 
25,  1832,  and  immigi-ated  to  Illinois  with  his  parents  in  early  child- 
hood, locating  in  Adams  County  in  1834.  He  remained  with  his 
father  until  1858,  when  he  was  married  to  Caroline  Cunningham,  by 
whom  three  sons  and  one  daughter  were  born,  all  of  whom  lived  to 
maturity.  After  his  marriage  Mr.  Wells  moved  upon  a  farm  in 
Adams  County,  111. ,  upon  which  he  lived  about  sixteen  years,  subse- 
quently moving  to  Hancock  County,  111.  He  was  a  hearty  and  loyal 
Union  man  during  the  war,  but  did  not  participate  in  any  engage- 
ments of  importance.  He  lost  his  wife  in  1869,  and  in  1871  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Nancy  A.  Hart,  by  whom  one  daughter  and 
one  son  were  born,  now  aged  seventeen  and  twelve,  respectively.  In 
1876  he  immigrated  to  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  and  now  owns  200 
acres  of  land  upon  which  he  resides,  engaged  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits. Two  daughters  and  one  son  are  married  and  living  near  him, 
and  two  of  his  children  make  their  home  with  him.  The  family 
ranks  among  the  well-to-do  and  respected  citizens  of  the  township. 

William  Whitestine  was  born  April  13,  1828,  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 
He  is  the  youngest  of  a  family  of  five  children,  and  his  father,  Edward 
Whitestine,  a  native  of  Ohio,  died  before  William  was  born.  He  lost 
his  mother  also  when  but  two  years  old,  and  then  made  his  home  with 
his  maternal  grandfather  until  seven  years  old.  He  was  then  bound 
out  to  John  Husman  in  Hawkins  County,  with  whom  he  lived  until  of 
age,  although  he  was  never  allowed  to  attend  school  to  any  extent. 
He  then  worked  as  a  farm  hand  until  1852,  and  in  the  spring  of  that 
year  in  company  with  six  men  started  with  some  oxen  and  wagons  for 
the  distant  California.  After  a  journey  of  five  months,  he  arrived  at 
a  place  in  that  State  called  Seventy-six,  and  from  there  went  to  Pine 
Grove  City.  He  then  worked  in  the  mines  in  California  and  Nevada 
four  years,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  he  returned  east,  and 
located  in  Huntington  County,  Ind.  October  26,  1856,  he  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Hannah,  daughter  of  John  and  Hannah  (Washy) 
Beaver,  at  the  residence  of  her  brother,  Henry  Beaver.  Mrs.  Whites- 
tine was  born  in  Preble  County,  Ohio,   and  moved  with  her  parents  to 


756  MEECEK    COUNTY. 

Fayette  County,  Ind. ,  when  a  child,  later  living  in  Huntington  County, 
Ind.  She  is  the  mother  of  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  living: 
Louisa  (wife  of  Jesse  Norton),  Simon,  Edith  Jane  (wife  of  Filmore 
Thompson),  Sarah  Elizabeth  and  Mary  Emeline.  For  three  years 
after  his  marriage  ilr.  Whitestine  lived  with  his  brother-in-law,  John 
Beaver,  and  then  located  upon  a  small  tract  of  his  own  in  Union 
Township,  Huntington  Co.,  Ind.  In  March,  1867,  he  moved  to  Chilli- 
cothe,  Mo. ,  biit  very  shortly  continued  his  journey,  and  settled  upon 
a  farm  in  Mercer  County,  Mo.,  where  he  has  since  resided.  "WhUe 
in  California  Mr.  Whitestine  accumulated  a  considerable  amount  of 
money,  but,  as  he  loaned  it  without  security,  when  he  returned  to 
Indiana  he  had  nothing  to  show  for  his  toil  of  several  years.  He,  how- 
ever, possessed  a  courageous  spirit  and  a  determination  to  surmount 
his  troubles,  and  upon  coming  to  Missouri  entered  a  forty-acre  tract 
in  Mercer  County,  which  he  at  once  proceeded  to  clear  and  improve. 
His  industry  has  been  rewarded,  and  he  is  now  the  owner  of  a  fine 
farm  of  200  acres,  which  is  under  a  good  state  of  cultivation.  He  is 
a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Franklin 
Pierce  in  1852.  Himself,  wife  and  daughters,  Louisa  (wife  of  Jerre 
Norton)  and  Edith,  are  worthy  members  of  the  German  Baptist 
Church. 

Green  Wilson,  an  old  settler  of  Mercer  County,  was  born  in  Rock- 
ingham County,  N.  C,  in  1821,  and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 
(Mackey)  Wilson.  The  father  was  of  French  descent,  and  born  in  the 
same  county  and  State  in  1795,  where  he  was  man-ied,  and  lived  until 
1821.  He  then  immigrated  to  Franklin  County,  Ind.,  and  in  1843 
came  to  Mercer  County,  Mo. ,  locating  upon  the  place  his  son.  Green, 
now  occupies,  and  where  he  died  in  1872.  During  the  Rebellion  he 
served  in  the  State  Militia.  His  wife  was  of  Irish  descent,  born  in 
North  Carolina  in  1796,  and  died  in  1870.  Green  Wilson  is  the 
fourth  of  a  family  of  ten  childi'en,  and  was  but  eight  weeks  old  when 
taken  to  Indiana.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  left  the  parental  roof, 
and  was  bound  out  until  nineteen  years  of  age,  his  earnings  of  those 
years  going  to  his  parents.  May  10,  1848,  he  went  to  Leavenworth, 
Kas. ,  in  search  of  work,  and  while  there  was  stricken  with  cholera, 
and  for  eighteen  days  his  life  hung,  as  it  were,  on  a  thread.  Upon 
his  recovery  he  was  employed  by  the  Government  to  drive  five  yoke  of 
oxen  across  the  plains  to  Sante  Fe,  N.  M.,  with  supplies,  the  entire 
trip  being  made  on  foot.  Upon  his  return  he  had  about  SlOO,  with 
which  he  purchased  land  where  he  now  resides,  upon  which  he  has 
since  lived,  and  to  which  he  had  added  through  industry  and  economy 


BIOGRArHICAL    APPENDIX.  757 

until  he  now  owns  160  acres  of  good  land,  although  when  he  came  to 
Mercer  County  he  had  but  75  cents  after  purchasing  his  farm.  In 
that  day  he  took  great  pleasure  in  hunting.  He  is  now  a  successful 
farmer  and  stock  raiser,  and  enjoys  the  respect  of  the  community. 
In  September,  1852,  he  married  Miss  Lucy  Rogers,  daughter  of  Allen  P. 
and  Eliza  Rogers,  and  a  native  of  Bartholomew  County,  Ind. ,  born  in 
1829.  This  marriage  has  been  blessed  with  eight  children:  Gilbert, 
Isabelle  (wife  of  Lyman  Wilson),  Samuel,  Adolphus,  Edward,  Sher- 
man, Alsworth  and  Vemecie.  Mr.  Wilson  is  a  Republican  in  politics, 
and  cast  his  first  presidential  vote  for  Polk  in  1844.  During  the 
Rebellion  he  served  onei  year  in  the  State  Militia. 

Elijah  Woods,  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  was  born  in  Lincoln  County, 
Ky. ,  in  1840,  and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Henrietta  (Dunn)  Woods. 
The  father  was  of  German  descent,  and  born  in  Virginia  in  1791.  He 
was  left  an  orphan  when  a  lad,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  went  to 
Claiborne  County,  Tenn. ,  and  was  bound  out  to  a  blacksmith  until  of 
age,  after  which  he  followed  his  trade  until  his  death.  After  obtain- 
ing his  liberty  he  went  to  Pulaski  County,  Ky.,  where  he  was  after- 
ward married.  He  next  removed  to  Lincoln  County,  and  in  1864 
went  to  Decatur  County,  Iowa.  In  1866  he  came  to  Mercer  County, 
Mo.,  where  he  died  in  1867.  His  wife  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  sur- 
vived him  twelve  years.  She  was  the  mother  of  three  childi'en :  Nich- 
olas, Martha  and  Elijah,  all  of  whom  came  to  Missouri  in  1866.  In 
March,  1878,  Elijah  married  Miss  Medora  Copelan,  daughter  of 
Charles  C.  and  Eliza  (Huff)  Copelan.  Mrs,  Woods  was  born  in  Saline 
County,  Mo. ,  December  5,  1849,  and  to  her  union  with  Mr.  Woods 
two  children,  Ottie  and  Oscar,  have  been  born.  Upon  coming  to 
Missouri  jNIr.  Woods  purchased  fifty-seven  acres  of  land,  to  which  he 
has  added  until  he  owns  125  acres  of  good  land,  and  is  one  of  the 
well-to-do  farmers  of  the  township.  He  is  rather  conservative  in  pol- 
itics, but  favors  the  Democratic  part}',  and  for  five  years  served  as 
constable  of  Harrison  Township,  of  which  he  is  considered  a  promi- 
nent citizen. 

C.  B.  Wyatt  was  born  January  22,  1836,  in  Greene  County,  111. , 
and  is  a  son  of  John  and  Mary  A.  (Disbiu-y)  Wyatt.  The  father  was 
born  in  Kentucky  in  1807,  and  when  about  fourteen  years  old  accom  - 
panied  his  father  to  Madison  County,  111.  He  afterward  removed  to 
Greene  County,  111.,  where,  in  1826,  he  was  man-ied.  His  death 
occurred  in  Calhoun  County,  HI.,  July  30,  1849.  The  mother  was 
born  in  Delaware  County,  Ohio,  in  1810,  on  July  13,  and  is  now  in 
her  seventy-eighth  year,  and  living  with  C.  B.  Wyatt.     He  lost  his 


758  MERCER   COUNTY. 

father  ■when  but  two  and  a  half  years  old,  and  since  the  age  of  ten  has 
•  been  the  help  and  main  dependence  of  his  mother.  He  accompanied 
her  to  Grundy  County,  Mo.,  in  1838,  and  settled  upon  a  farm  where 
he  remained  until  July,  18-46.  He  then  came  to  Mercer  County,  and 
located  upon  a  farm  one  and  one-half  miles  distant  from  his  present 
place.  He  now  owns  291  acres  of  land  all  except  ten  acres  finely 
improved  and  cultivated,  and  upon  which  he  is  engaged  in  farming 
and  stock  raising.  He  was  mairied  in  Mercer  County,  November  22, 
1859,  to  Sarah  L.  Kieth,  daughter  of  A.  E.  and  Caroline  Kieth,  pio- 
neer settlers  of  Mercer  County.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wyatt  nine  children 
have  been  born:  Julius  L.,  Mary  F.  (wife  of  George  Beck),  Henry  F., 
William  D.,  Wade  H.,  Laura,  James  M. ,  Eliza  and  Alonzo.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Wyatt  are  members  of  the  Christian  Church,  and  rank  among 
the  old  respected  citizens  of  the  county.  Mr.  Wyatt  has  never  held 
public  office,  although  until  twelve  years  ago  he  was  a  stanch  Demo- 
crat; since  that  time  he  has  remained  neutral.  He  is  greatly  opposed 
to  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors,  and  is  interested  in  educational  and 
philanthropic  enterprises. 

J.  L.  Wynne  was  born  in  Grundy  County,  Mo.,  April  24,  1857, 
and  is  a  son  of  Thomas  P.  and  Lucinda  (Ford)  Wynne,  natives,  re- 
spectively, of  Virginia  and  Howard  County,  Mo.  The  father  immi- 
grated to  Missouri  in  the  fall  of  1839,  and  engaged  in  farming  in 
Grundy  County  until  1865.  He  then  manufactured  and  sold  shoes  at 
Gallatin,  Mo.,  until  his  death  in  1877.  The  mother  died  April  7, 
1868,  and  was  the  mother  of  nine  children,  six  of  whom  are  now  liv- 
ing: William  A.,  Kate  M.  (wife  of  F.  H.  McDougal),  J.  L.,  Eobert 
R. ,  John  D.  and  Frank  P.  J.  L.  Wynne  began  his  business  career  as 
a  clerk  in  a  di-ug  store  in  1868,  and  afterward  went  into  the  same 
business  upon  his  own  account  in  Lorraine,  Harrison  Co.,  Mo.,  in 
1877.  He  next  removed  to  Edinburg,  Grundy  County,  and  in  1879 
came  to  Princeton  and  clerked  for  Dr.  Buren  until  1865.  He  then 
went  into  the  drug  business  with  Dr.  G.  E.  Thompson,  with  whom  he 
has  succeeded  in  establishing  a  good  and  profitable  business.  May 
16,  ]  882,  he  married  Miss  May  B.  Cochran,  a  native  of  Indiana,  but  a 
resident  of  Princeton.  Mr.  Wynne  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Encampment  of  the  L  O.  O.  F. ,  and  Princeton  Canton 
No.  2,  and  has  filled  all  offices  in  the  lodge,  except  in  the  latter.  His 
paternal  grandfather  (with  whom  his  father  came  to  Missouri),  Minor 
Wynne,  was  a  successful  and  well-known  citizen  of  Grundy  County, 
Mo.,  and  died  in  1880,  aged  seventy-eight. 


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