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NYPL  RESEARCH  LIBRARIES 


3  3433  08192336  3 


HISTOPvY 


OF 


HENNEPIN   COUN'I  Y 


AND   TUE 


CITY  OF  MINNEAPOLIS, 


INCLUDING  TDE 


EXPLOr?EPxS  AXD  PIOXEERS  of   M  I  N  \  llSoT  \ 


lU  KEY.  KDWAKU  D.  MCILL, 


AND 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA 


Bv  J.  FLETCHEU  WILLIAMS, 


MINNEAPOLIS  : 

NORTH  STAR  PUBLISHING  COMl'AXY. 

1881. 


JOIINMiN.  SMITH  .V  IIAKKISON. 

I'HINTKIl.s. 

MINNKAroi.lS,   MINN. 


THENEW  YORK 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

ASTOn,  LENOX  AND 

TILDEN  FOUNDATIONS. 

1897. 


OK 


J 


PREFACE 


We  live  not  alone  in  the  present  but  also  in  the  past  and  future.  The 
radius  that  circumscribes  our  lives  must  necessarily  extend  backward  indefi- 
nitely  and  forward  infinitely.  We  can  never  look  out  thoucrhtfully  at  our  im- 
mediate surroundings  but  a  course  of  reasonino-  will  start  up  l.-adin;,'  us  to 
inquire  the  causes  that  produced  the  development  around  us,  and  at  tlie  same 
time  we  are  led  to  conjecture  the  results  to  follow  causes  now  in  operation. 
We  are  thus  linked  indissolubly  with  the  past  and  the  future. 

"  Now  for  my  life,"  says  Sir  Thomas  Hrowne,  "it  is  a  miracle  of  thirty 
years,  which  to  relate  were  not  a  history,  but  a  piece  of  poetry,  ant!  would 
sound  to  common  ears  like  a  fable.  '■•  '^  Men  that  look  upon  my  outside, 
perusing  only  my  condition  and  fortune,  do  err  in  my  altitude  ;  for  1  am  above 
Atlas  his  shoulders.  I  take  my  circle  to  be  above  three  hundred  and  si.xty. 
Though  the  number  of  the  arc  do  measure  my  body,  it  comprchcndcth  nf)t 
my  mind." 

If,  then,  the  past  is  not  simply  a  stepping-stone  to  the  future,  but  a  part 
of  our  very  selves,  we  can  not  afford  to  ignore  it,  or  separate  it  from  ourselves, 
as  a  member  might  be  lopped  off  from  our  bodies  ;  for  though  the  body  thus 
maimed  might  perform  many  and  perhaps  most  of  its  functions,  still  it  could 
never  again  be  called  complete. 

We.  therefore,  present  this  volume  to  our  patrons  in  Hennepin  county, 
not  as  something  extrinsic,  to  which  we  would  attract  their  notice  and  secure 
their  favor,  but  as  a  part  of  themselves,  and  an  important  pan,  which  it  is  the 
province  of  the  historian  to  re-invigorate  and  restore  to  its  rightful  owner. 
Moveover,  we  can  not  but  hope  that  we  shall  thus  confc.-r  much  pleasure. 
The  recounting  of  events  wliich  have  transpired  in  our  own  neighborhood  is 
the  most  interesting  of  all  history.  There  is  a  fascination  in  tlur  study  ol  the 
intermingled  fact  and  fiction  of  the  past  which  is  heightened  by  a  familiarity 
with  the  localities  described.  The  writer  remembers  the  glow  of  enthusiasm 
with  which  he  once  stood  at  the  entrance  of  the  old  fort  at  Ticonderoga.  and 
repeated  the  words  of  Ethan  Allen  :  "  In  the  name  of  the  Cireat  Jehovah  and 
the  Continental  Congress,  etc."  "The  river  which  (lows  through  our  native 
village  acquires  a  new  interest  when,  in  imagination,  we  see  the  Indian  canoe 
on  its  surface  and  the  skin-covered  tepee  on  its  banks,  as  in  days  of  yor<,'. 
Log  cabins,  straw  roofs,  and  the  rude  "  betterments  "  of.  th(!  hardy  pioneer, 
are  the  next  changes  on  the  scene,  followed  soon  by  mushroom  towns,  some 
of  which  perish  as  quickly  as  they  spring  up,  while  others  astonish  us  by 
their  rapid  growth  ;  cities  are  built,  and  moss  and  ivy,  the  evidences  of  a;,'e. 
soon  accumulate.  The  log  cabin  and  all  the  incijjient  steps  of  first  settlement 
are  things  of  the  past ;  "The  place  which  knew  them  shall  know  them  no  more 
forever." 


iv  PliEFACE. 


Our  purpose  is  to  present  these  pictures  in  their  natural  succession, 
arousing  the  enthusiasm  of  the  reader,  if  possible,  giving  him  a  more  vig- 
orous enjoyment  of  the  present  by  linking  it  with  the  past.  The  compass  of 
the  work  is  wide,  extending  over  a  long  period  of  time,  embracing  the  accounts 
of  early  explorers,  also  reaching  back  among  the  legends  of  the  past,  and 
approaching  the  events  of  to-day,  almost  undesignedly  casting  a  prophetic 
"lance  forward  at  what  must  be  the  future  after  such  a  beofinniu":- 

St.  Anthony  Falls  and  the  environs  present  an  exceptionally  ricli  held 
for  a  work  of  this  character.  By  situation,  it  was  the  highway  of  travel  for 
Indian  and  white  man,  explorer,  missionary,  voyageur  and  trader.  This  was 
the  favorite  hunting  ground  as  well  as  the  battle-field  of  our  savage  predeces- 
sors. Here,  too,  they  calmed  their  barbarous  hearts,  and  bowed  in  worship 
of  the  Manitou,  whose  abode  was  at  the  great  wat(M--fall. 

Incidents  connected  with  the  early  settlement  derive  interest  from  the 
military  reservation,  and  are  unique  in  character.  While  reviewing  these 
events  and  entc;r])risi-s  inaugurated  for  the  development  of  the  county,  we 
come  to  regret  that  we  can  not  claim  tlie  prestige  belonging  to  the  aristocracy 
of  early  settlers. 

To  <five  in  detail  all  the  \arious  sources  from  which  the  facts  here  "iven 
have  been  obtained,  would  be  tedious  if  not  impracticable,  h  may  be  suffi- 
cient to  say  that  it  fairly  presents  the  history  of  our  remarkable  development 
and  a  faithful  picture  of  our  present  condition.  We  must,  however,  express 
our  obligations  to  a  host  of  living  witnesses,  from  wliom  a  large  portion  of  th(^ 
facts  have;  been  obtained  and  doubtful  points  vtn-ifHjd  ;  they  have  our  hearty 
thanks.  Material  has  been  drawn  largely  from  the  columns  of  news])apers, 
which  have  given,  from  time  to  time,  a  record  of  passing  events.  The  contri- 
bution of  Rev.  I'-dward  1).  Neill  will  be  of  great  permanent  value  in  imperish- 
able print,  and  will  be  greatly  ])ri7.ed  by  hisiographers  everywhere.  \\  (;  have 
also  drawn  upon  the  accumulation  of  facts  in  the  possession  of  the  Minnesota 
Historical  .Society,  for  a  valuable  pa])er  by  its  secretary,  Mr.  j.  Fletcher  Wil- 
liams. Ihe  value  of  a  reservoir  ol  historical  data  at  the  capital  of  the  state, 
for  such  purposes,  was  fully  a])pr(cialcd,  and  the  maintenance  of  such  a 
centre  of  information  can  not  l)e  too  strongly  ailvocated. 

In  conclusicjn,  \\■^^.  have  an  obligation  lo  express  to  our  patrons,  and  are 
pleased  to  acknowledge  a  liberal  patronage  and  more;  than  ordinary  courtesy 
toward  our  employ(,'es  ;  for  all  of  which  we  teiulcr  our  heart)-  thanks.  H(j|)ing 
that  those  who  have  subscribc;d  for  and  art;  al)out  to  receixc  this  \t)lume,  will 
favf)r  it  with  a  kind  reception,  and  take  as  much  interest  in  re.uling  as  we 
have  in  compiling  the  history  of  lb  nnr]iin  couniy.  we  are,  \i'ry  respectfully, 

\'()urs, 
.  CAiO.  F.  WARNFR, 

CIIA.S.   M.   1-()()TF. 


/■ 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Preface,  .  .  -  in 

MAP,  -  -  -  •       °P1'-  1 

CHAPTER  I— XXIII. 

Exi>lorfrs  and  Pionrors  of  Miniit'SOt;i— l\i-v. 

Edward  Duftiekl  Neill,  -  -  1-128 

CHAPTERS  XXIV— XXIX. 
Outliiu's  of  the  History   of  Minnesota  from 

1858  to  1881— J.  Fletcher  Williams,     -         129-160 

CHAPTER  XXX. 
Fort  Snelling,  -  -  "        161-166 

CHAPTERS  XXXI— XXXIV. 
Hennepin  County  History,        -  -  167-187 

CHAPTER  XXXV. 
War  Record,      -  -  -  " 

CHAPTER  XXXVI. 
Riehlicld,  -  -  "  " 

CHAPTER  XXXVII. 
Blooniington,     -  -  -  ' 

CHAPTER  XXXVIII. 
Eden  Prairie,     -  -  -  ' 

(H.M'TER  XXXIX. 
MinnelonUa,       -  -  "  " 

CHAPTER  XL. 
Excelsior,  -  -  '  " 

CHAPTER  XLI. 

Minnetrista,       -  -  "  " 

CHAPTER  XLII. 

Independence,    -  -  '  ' 

CHAPTER  XLIII. 

Medina,  -  "  '  ' 

CHAPTER  XUV. 

Crystal  Lake,     -  -  "  ' 


188-211 

212-2'31 

222-230 

231-237 

23&-246 

247-256 

257-262 

263-268 

268-277 


Brooklyn, 

0.sseo, 

Cliauiplin, 

Dayton, 

Hassan, 

Greenwood, 


CHAPTER  XLV. 


CHAPTER  XLVI. 


CHAPTER  XLVII. 


CHAPTER  XLV II I. 


CHAPTER  XLIX. 


CHAPTER  L. 


PAGE 
285-293 


294-297 


298-301 


302-306 


307-310 


311-316 


CHAPTER  LI. 

Corcoran,  -  -  ~  " 

CHAPTER  LII 
Maple  Grove,     -  -  -  - 

CHAPTER  LIII. 
Plymouth,  -  -  -  - 

CIlAl'TER  LIV. 
Minneapolis,  Town  of, 

CHAPTER  LV. 
Saint  Anthony,  Town  of, 

CHAPTERS  LVI— LXXV. 
MinneaiKilis,  City  of,     - 

CHAPTERS  LXXVI-LXXXIV 

Minneapolis,  City,  I'.i.iKraphies,  -  499-663 

CHAPTER  LXXXV. 


317-321 


322-328 


328-338 


339-353 


353-356 


3.57-499 


Chronology, 


CHAPfER   LXXXVI. 


j    Din-elory, 
278-284   I    Ixi)K.\, 


662-668 

COO  liOfi 
097 


.^3AP«r 


HIMNEPIN  CO  UNIX. 


-       MLXXi:  S  OTA. 

i88i. 


linut 


N?rth  Star  Publishing  Co 


EXPLORERS 


AND 


PIONEERS    OF    MINNESOTA. 


CHAPTER   I. 


FOOTPUINTS  OF  CIVILIZATION  TOWARD   THE   EXTREmTY  OF  LAKE   STTPERIOR. 


Miniiesohi's  Central  Position.— D'Avagour's  Prediction.— Nicolefs  Visit  to  Green 
R.iy,  — First  Wliite  Men  in  Minnesota.— Notices  of  Groselliers  ami  Radisson.- 
Hiirons  Flee  to  Minnesota.— Visited  by  Frenchmen.— Father  Menard  Disap- 
pears.—Grosel  I  iers  Visits  Hudson's  Bay.— Fatlier  Allouez  Describes  the  Sioux 
Mission  at  L^  Pointe.— Fatlier  Marquette.— Sioux  at  Sautt  St.  Marie.— Jesuit 
Missions  Fiiil.— Grosellieis  Visits  England.— Captain  Gillani,  o£  Boston,  at  Hud- 
son's Bay.— Letter  of  Mother  Superior  of  Ursulines.,  at  Quebec.— Death  of 
Rroselliers. 

The  Dakotahs,  called  by  the  Ojibways,  Nado- 
waysioux,  or  Sioux  (Soos),  as  abbreviatsd  by  the 
French,  used  to  claim  superiority  over  other  peo- 
ple, because,  their  sacred  men  asserted  that  the 
mouth  of  the  Minnesota  Elver  was  immediately 
over  the  centre  of  the  earth,  and  below  the  centre 
of  the  heavens. 

While  this  teaching  is  very  different  from  that 
of  the  modern  astronomer,  it  is  certainly  true, 
that  the  region  west  of  Lake  Superior,  extending 
through  the  valley  of  the  Miimesota,  to  the  Mis- 
souri River,  is  one  of  the  most  healthful  and  fer- 
til<^  regions  beneath  tlie  skies,  and  may  prove  to 
be  the  centre  of  the  republic  of  the  United  States 
of  America.  Baron  D'Avagour,  a  brave  officer, 
who  was  killed  in  fighting  the  Turks,  while  he 
was  Governor  of  Canada,  in  a  dispatch  to  the 
French  Government,  dated  August  14th,  1663, 
after  referring  to  Lake  Huron,  wrote,  that  beyond 
"  is  met  another,  called  Lake  Superior,  the  waters 
of  which,  it  is  believed,  flow  into  Is'ew  Spain,  and 
this,  uccorduig  to  general  opinion,  ought  to  he  the 
centre  of  the  country." 

As  early  as  1635,  one  of  Champlain's  interpre- 
ters, Jean  JTicolet  (Nicolay),  who  came  to  Cana- 
da in  1618,  reached  the  western  shores  of  Lake 
Michigan.    Li  the  summer  of  1634  he  ascended 

ttCm-^mf.  in  tlio  ypur  ISSI,  by  Geo.  G.  WARSEa  «nj  C 


Entered  accirdini: 


the  St.  Lawrence,  with  a  party  of  Ilurons,  and 
probably  during  the  next  winter  was  trading  at 
Green  Bay,  in  Wisconsin.  On  the  ninth  of  De- 
cember, 1635,  he  had  returned  to  Canada,  and  on 
the  7th  of  October,  1637,  was  married  at  Quebec, 
and  the  next  month,  went  to  Three  Rivers,  where 
he  lived  until  1642,  when  he  died.  Of  him  it  is 
said,  in  a  letter  written  in  1640,  that  he  had  pen- 
etrated farthest  into  those  distant  countries,  and 
that  if  he  had  proceeded  "  three  days  more  on  a 
great  river  which  flows  from  that  lake  [Green 
Bay]  he  would  have  found  the  sea.'' 

The  first  white  men  in  Mumesota,  of  whom  we 
have  any  record,  were,  according  to  Garneau,  two 
persons  of  Huguenot  aftinities,  Medard  Chouart, 
known  as  Sieur  Groselliers,  and  Pierre  d'Esprit, 
called  Sieur  Radisson. 

Groselliers  (pronounced  Gro-zay-yay)  was  bom 
near  Ferte-sous-Jouan-e,  eleven  miles  east  of 
Meaux,  in  France,  and  when  about  sixteen  years 
of  age,  in  the  year  1641,  came  to  Canada.  The  fur 
trade  was  the  great  avenue  to  prosperity,  and  in 
1646,  he  was  among  the  Huron  Indians,  who  tlien 
dwelt  upon  the  eastern  shore  of  Lake  Huron, 
bartering  for  peltries.  On  the  second  of  Septem- 
ber, 1647,  at  Quebec,  he  was  married  to  Helen, 
the  widow  of  Claude  Etienne,  who  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  a  pilot,  Abraham  Martin,  whose  baptismal 
name  is  still  attached  to  the  suburbs  of  that  city, 
the  "  Plains  of  Abraham,"  made  famous  by  the 
death  there,  of  General  Wolfe,  of  the-  English 
army,  in  1759,  and  of  General  Montgomery,  of 
the  Continental  army,  in  December,  1775,  at  the 

'.  M.  FooTK,  in  the  office  of  tlie  Libniri.m  of  Congress,  at  Waaliin^on,  D.  G. 


EXPLORERS  Ayj>  PlO.SEERS  OF  MISSESO'IA. 


commencement  of  the  "  War  for  IndepenJeiice." 
His  son,  Mellaril,  was  bom  in  16o7,  and  the  next 
year  Ids  mother  died.  The  second  wife  of  Gro- 
selliei-s  was  Jilarguerite  Ilayet(IIayay)  Radisson, 
the  sister  of  his  associate,  in  the  exijloration  of 
the  region  west  of  Lake  Superior. 

Radisson  was  horn  at  St.  Main.  and.  while  a 
boy.  went  to  Paris,  and  from  tlieiice  to  Canada, 
and  in  1G.5(5.  at  Three  lUvers,  married  Elizabeth, 
the  dangliier  of  Madeleine  Ilainault.  and.  after 
her  death,  the  daughter  of  Sir  David  Kirk  or 
Kerkt,  a  zealous  Huguenot,  became  his  wife. 

The  Iroquois  of  New  York,  about  the  year  10-5(), 
drove  the  Ilurons  from  their  villages,  and  forced 
them  to  take  refuge  with  tlieir  friends  the  Tinon- 
tates.  called  by  the  French.  Petuns.  becau.se  they 
cultivated  tol)acco.  In  time  the  Ilurons  and 
their  allies,  the  Ottawas  (Ottaw-waws),  w^ere 
again  driven  by  the  Iroquois,  and  ixfter .successive 
wanderings,  were  found  on  tlie  west  side  of  Lake 
ilichigan.  In  time  they  readied  the  Mississippi, 
and  a.scending  above  the  'Wisconsin,  they  found 
the  Iowa  River,  on  the  west  side,  which  they  fol- 
lowed, and  dwelt  for  a  time  with  the  Ayoes 
(loways)  wlio  were  very  friendly;  but  being  ac- 
customed to  a  country  of  lakes  and  forests,  they 
were  not  satisfied  with  the  vast  prairies.  Kctiirn- 
ing  to  the  Mississippi,  they  ascended  this  river, 
in  search  .of  a  better  land,  and  were  met  by  some 
of  the  Sioux  or  Dakotalis,  and  conducted  to  their 
villages,  where  they  were  well  received.  The 
Sioux,  delighted  with  the  axes,  knives  and  awls 
of  European  manufacture,  which  had  been  pre- 
sented to  them,  allowed  the  refugees  to  settle 
upon  an  i.sland  in  the  iMississijii)!.  below  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  t'roix  River,  called  Itald  Island 
from  the  absence  of  trees,  about  nine  miles  from 
the  site  of  the  i)resent  city  of  Hastings.  Possessed 
of  firearms,  tlie  Ilurons  ami  Ottawas  asserted 
their  sujieriority.  anil  determineil  to  conijuer  the 
country  for  them.selvcs,  and  having  incurred  the 
hostility  of  the  Sioux,  were  obliged  to  llee  from 
the  isle  in  the  Mississipi.i.  Descending  lielow 
Lake  IVjiin.  they  reaclieil  the  Jilack  Uiver,  and 
ascending  it,  found  an  nnoccu)>ied  country  around 
its  sources  and  lliat  of  the  Chippeway.  In  this 
region  the  Hiirons  established  themselves,  while 
their  allies,  the  Ottawas,  moved  eastward,  till 
they  found  the  shores  of  Lake  Sn)ierior,  and  set- 
tled at  Chagouamikon  (Sha-gah-wah-mik-ong) 


near  what  is  now  Bayfield.  In  the  year  1659, 
Groselliers  and  Radisson  arrived  at  Chagouamik- 
on,  and  determined  to  visit  the  Ilurons  and  Pe- 
tuns, with  whom  the  former  had  ti-aded  when 
they  resided  east  of  I..ake  Huron.  After  a  six 
days'  journey,  in  a  southwesterly  direction,  they 
reached  their  retreat  toward  the  sources  of  the 
Black.  Chippewa,  and  "Wisconsin  Rivers.  From 
this  point  they  journeyed  north,  and  passed  the 
winter  of  1659-60  among  the  '•  Xadouechiouec," 
or  Sioux  villages  in  the  Mille  Lacs  (Mil  Lak)  re- 
gion. From  the  Ilurons  they  learned  of  a  beau- 
tiful river,  wide,  large,  deep,  and  comparable  with 
the  Saint  Lawrence,  tlie  great  Mississippi,  which 
flows  through  the  city  of  ^Minneapolis,  and  wliose 
sources  are  in  northern  ^linnesota. 

Xortheast  of  ilille  Lacs,  toward  the  extremity 
of  Lake  Superior,  they  met  the  "  Poualak,"  or 
Assiniboines  of  the  prairie,  a  separated  band  of 
the  Sioux,  who,  as  wood  was  scarce  and  small, 
made  lire  with  coal  (cliarbnu  de  terre)  and  dwelt 
in  tents  of  skins ;  although  some  of  the  more  in- 
dustrious built  cabins  of  clay  (terre  grasse),  like 
the  swallows  build  their  nests. 

The  spring  and  summer  of  1660,  (iroselliers  and 
Radisson  passed  in  trading  around  Lake  Superior. 
On  the  19th  of  August  they  returned  to  Mon- 
treal, with  three  hundred  Indians  and  sixty  ca- 
noes loaded  with  •'  a  wealth  of  skins." 

"  Furs  of  bison  and  of  lieaver. 
Furs  of  sable  and  of  ermine." 

The  citizens  were  deeply  stirred  by  the  travelers' 
tales  of  the  vastiiess  and  ricliiiess  of  the  region 
they  had  visited,  and  their  many  romantic  adven- 
tures. In  a  lew  days.  tlic.\  beuau  their  return  to 
the  far  West,  accniiipanied  by  six  Eieiiclnueu  and 
two  priests,  one  of  whom  was  the  Jesuit.  UeiieMe- 
j  nard.  His  hair  whitened  by  age.  and  his  mind 
ripened  liy  long  experience,  he  f  eemed  the  man 
for  tlie  mission.  Two  hours  after  midnight,  of  the 
day  before  departure,  the  venerable  niissioiiary 
Iiennerl  at  '' Tliree  Rivers,'"  the  following  letter 
to  a  friend  : 

'Rkvkkkxd  E.viiiKU  : 

"  The  peace  of  Christ  lie  with  you  :  I  write  to 
you  jiroljably  the  last,  which  I  hope  will  be  the 
seal  of  our  friendship  until  eternity.  Lovo  whom 
the  Lord  Jesus  did  not  disdain  to  lovi;,  though 
the  greatest  of  sinners;  for  ho  loves  wiiom  Le 


FATHER  MENARD  LOST  IN  WISCONSIN. 


3 


loads  with  his  cross.  Let  your  friendsliip,  my 
good  Fatlier,  be  useful  to  me  by  the  desirable 
fruits  of  your  daily  sacrifice. 

"  In  three  or  four  mouths  you  may  remember 
me  at  the  memento  for  the  dead,  on  account  of 
my  old  age,  my  weak  constitution  and  the  hard- 
ships I  lay  under  amongst  these  tribes.  Never- 
theless, I  am  in  peace,  for  1  have  not  been  led  to 
this  mission  by  any  temporal  motive,  but  I  think 
it  was  by  the  voice  of  God.  I  was  to  resist  the 
grace  of  God  by  not  coming.  Eternal  remorse 
would  have  tormented  me,  had  I  not  come  when 
1  had  the  opportunity. 

"  We  have  been  a  little  surprized,  not  being 
able  to  provide  ourselves  with  vestments  and  oth- 
er things,  but  he  who  feeds  the  little  birds,  and 
clothes  the  lilies  of  the  fields,  will  take  care  of 
his  servants;  and  though  it  should  happen  we 
should  die  of  want,  we  would  esteem  ourselves 
happy.  I  am  burdened  with  business.  "What  I 
can  do  is  to  recommend  our  journey  to  your  daily 
sacrifice,  and  to  embrace  you  with  the  same  sen- 
timents of  heart  as  I  hope  to  do  in  eternity. 
"  My  Reverend  Father, 

Your  most  huml)le  and  affectionate 
servant  in  Jesus  Christ. 

R.  MENARD. 
"From  the  Three  Rivers,  this  26th  August,  2 

o'clock  after  midnight,  1660."' 

On  the  loth  of  October,  the  party  with  which 
he  journeyed  reached  a  bay  on  Lake  Superior, 
where  he  found  some  of  the  Ottawas,  who  had 
fled  from  the  Iroquois  of  New  York.  For  more 
than  eight  months,  surrounded  by  a  few  French 
voyageurs,  he  lived,  to  use  his  words.  "  in  a  kind 
of  small  hermitage,  a  cabin  built  of  fir  Inanclies 
piled  one  on  another,  not  so  much  to  shield  us 
from  the  rigor  of  the  season  as  to  correct  my  im- 
agination, and  persuade  me  I  was  sheltered."' 

During  the  summer  of  1661,  he  resolved  to  visit 
the  Ilurons,  who  had  fled  eastward  from  the  Sioux 
of  Minnesota,  and  encamped  amid  the  marshes  of 
Northern  Wisconsin.  Some  Frenchmen,  who  had 
been  among  the  Hurons,  in  vain  attempted  to  dis- 
suade him  from  the  journey.  To  their  entreaties 
he  replied,  ••  I  must  go,  if  it  cost  me  my  life.  I 
can  not  suffer  souls  to  perish  on  the  ground  of 
saving  the  bodily  life  of  a  miserable  old  man  like 
myself.  What!  Are  we  to  serve  God  only  when 
there  is  nothing  to  suffer,  and  no  risk  of  life?" 


Upon  De  risle"s  map  of  Louisiana,  published 
nearly  two  centuries  ago,  there  appears  the  Lake 
of  the  Ottawas,  and  the  Lake  of  the  Old  or  De- 
serted Settlement,  west  of  Green  Bay,  and  south 
of  Lake  Superior.  The  Lake  of  the  Old  Planta- 
tion is  supposed  to  have  been  the  spot  occupied 
by  the  Hurons  at  the  time  when  Menard  attempt- 
ed to  visit  them.  One  way  of  access  to  this  seclu- 
ded spot  was  from  Lake  Superior  to  the  head- 
waters of  the  Ontanagon  River,  and  then  by  a  port- 
age, to  the  lake.  It  could  also  be  reached  from 
the  headwaters  of  the  Wisconsin,  Black  and  Chip- 
pewa Rivers,  and  some  have  said  that  ^Menard 
descended  the  Wisconsin  and  ascended  the  Black 
River. 

Perrot,  who  lived  at  the  same  time,  writes : 
"  Father  Menard,  who  was  sent  as  missionary 
among  the  Outaouas  [Utaw-waws]  accompanied 
by  certain  Frenchmen  who  were  going  to  trade 
with  that  people,  was  left  by  all  who  were  with 
him,  except  one,  who  rendered  to  him  imtil  death, 
all  of  the  services  and  help  that  he  could  have 
hoped.  The  Father  followed  the  Outaoiuts  [Utaw- 
waws]  to  the  Lake  of  the  lUinoets  [lUino-ay,  now 
Michigan]  and  in  their  flight  to  the  Louisianne, 
[Mississippi]  to  above  the  Black  River.  There 
this  missionary  had  but  one  Frenchman  for  a 
companion.  This  Frenchman  carefully  followed 
the  route,  and  made  a  portage  at  the  same  place 
as  the  Outaouas.  He  found  himself  in  a  rapid, 
one  day,  that  was  carrying  him  away  in  his  canoe. 
The  Father,  to  assist,  debarked  from  his  own,  but 
did  not  find  a  good  path  to  come  to  him.  He  en- 
tered one  that  had  been  made  by  beasts,  and  de- 
siring to  return,  became  confused  in  a  labyrinth 
of  trees,  and  was  lost.  The  Frenchman,  after 
having  ascended  the  rapids  with  great  labor, 
awaited  the  good  Father,  and,  as  he  did  not  come, 
resolved  to  search  for  him.  With  all  his  might, 
for  several  days,  he  called  his  name  in  the  woods, 
hoping  to  find  him,  but  it  was  useless.  He  met, 
however,  a  Sakis  [Sauk]  who  was  carrying  the 
camp-kettle  of  the  missionary,  and  who  gave  him 
some  intelligence.  He  assured  him  that  he  had 
found  his  foot -prints  at  some  distance,  but  that 
he  had  not  seen  the  Father.  lie  told  him,  also, 
that  he  had  found  the  tracks  of  several,  who  were 
going  towards  the  Scioux.  He  declared  that  he 
supposed  that  the  Scioux  might  have  killed  or 
captured  him.    Indeed,  several  years  afterwards, 


EXPLOEERS  ASD  PIOXEEES  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


there  were  found  among  this  triVie.  his  breviary 
and  cassock,  wliich  they  exposed  at  their  festivals, 
making  offerings  to  them  of  food." 

In  a  journal  of  the  Jesuits.  Menard,  about  the 
seventh  oreiglilli  of  Augu.st.  Ititil.  is  said  to  have 
been  lost. 

(iroselliers  ((Jro-zay-yay).  while  Menard  was 
endeavoring  to  reach  the  retreat  of  the  Ilurons 
which  he  had  made  known  to  tlie  authorities  of 
Canada,  was  pushing  through  the  country  of  the 
Assineboines,  on  the  northwest  shore  of  Lake 
Superior,  and  at  length.  i)robably  by  Lake  Alem- 
pigon.  or  ><epigou,  reached  Hudson's  Bay,  and 
early  in  May,  1662,  returned  to  Montreal,  and 
surprised  its  citizens  with  his  tale  of  new  discov- 
eries toward  the  Sea  of  the  North. 

The  Hurons  did  not  remain  long  toward  the 
sources  of  the  Black  River,  after  ^Menard's  disap- 
pearance, and  deserting  their  plantations,  joined 
their  allies,  tlie  Ottawas.  at  La  Pointe.  now  Bay- 
field, on  Lake  Superior.  "While  here,  they  deter- 
mined to  send  a  war  party  of  one  hundred  against 
the  Sioux  of  Mille  Lacs  (MilLak)  region.  At 
length  they  met  their  foes,  who  drove  them  into 
one  of  the  thousand  marshes  of  the  water-shed 
between  Lake  Superior  and  tlie  ^fississippi,  where 
they  hid  themselves  among  the  tail  grasses.  The 
Sioux,  suspecting  that  they  might  attempt  to  es- 
cape in  the  uiglit,  cut  up  beaver  .skins  into  strips, 
and  hung  thereon  little  bells,  which  they  had  ob- 
tained from  the  Frencli  traders.  The  Ilurons. 
emerging  from  their  watery  lading  place,  stumbled 
over  the  unseen  cords,  ringing  the  bells,  and  the 
Sioux  instantly  attacked,  killing  all  but  one. 

Aliout  tlie  year  Kiiw.  four  Frenchmen  visited 
the  Sioux  of  Minnesota,  from  the  W'est  end  of 
Lake  Sui)erior.  accompanied  by  an  Ottawa  cliief, 
and  in  tlu;  sumnicr  of  the  same  year,  a  llotilla  of 
canoes  laden  with  peltries,  came  down  to  ilou- 
treal.  Upon  their  return,  on  the  eiglith  of  Au- 
gust, the  Jesuit  Father,  AUouez.  accompanied  the 
traders,  and.  by  the  iirst  of  October,  reached  Clie- 
goimegon  Bay.  on  or  near  tlic  site  of  tlic  mudciii 
town  of  Ba>licl(l,  (in  Lake  Superior,  when-  lie 
found  tlie  refugee  Ilurons  and  Ottawas.  While 
on  an  excursion  to  ]..ake  Alcnipigon,  now  ?<e- 
pigon,  tliis  missionary  saw,  near  the  mouth  of 
Saint  Louis  Kiver,  in  Minnesota,  some  of  tlie 
Sioux,  lie  writes  :  "  There  is  a  tribe  to  the  west 
of  Uiis,  toward  the  great  river  called  Messipi. 


They  are  forty  or  fifty  leagues  from  here,  in  a 
country  of  prairies,  abounding  hi  all  kinds  of 
game.  They  have  fields,  in  which  they  do  not 
sow  Indian  corn,  but  only  tobacco.  Providence 
has  provided  them  with  a  species  of  marsh  rice, 
which,  toward  the  end  of  summer,  they  go  to  col- 
lect in  certain  small  lakes,  that  are  covered  with 
it.  They  presented  me  with  some  when  I  was  at 
the  extremity  of  Lake  Tracy  [Superior],  where  I 
saw  them.  They  do  not  use  the  gun,  but  only 
the  bow  and  arrow  with  great  dexterity.  Their 
cabins  are  not  covered  with  bark,  but  with  deer- 
skins well  dried,  and  stitched  together  so  that  the 
cold  does  not  enter.  These  people  are  above  all 
other  savage  and  warlike.  In  our  presence  they 
.seem  abashed,  and  were  motionless  as  statues. 
They  speak  a  language  entirely  unknown  to  us, 
and  the  savages  about  here  do  not  undei-stand 
them."" 

The  mission  at  La  Pointe  was  not  encouraging, 
and  ^Vllouez,  •■  weary  of  their  obstinate  unbelief,"' 
departed,  but  Marquette  succeeded  him  for  abrief 
period. 

The  "  Relatm^s"  of  the  Jesuits  for  1670-71, 
allude  to  the  Sioux  or  Dakotahs,  and  their  attack 
upon  the  refugees  at  La  Pointe  : 

■■  There  are  certain  peojile  called  Nadoussi, 
dreaded  by  their  neighbors,  and  although  they 
only  use  the  bow  and  arrow,  they  use  it  with  so 
much  skill  and  dexterity,  that  in  a  moment  they 
till  the  air.  After  the  Parthian  method,  they 
turn  their  heads  hi  llight,  and  discharge  their  ar- 
rows so  rapidly  that  they  are  to  be  feared  no  less 
in  their  retreat  than  in  their  attack. 

••  They  dwell  on  thi^  shores  and  around  the 
great  river  .Messipi,  of  which  we  shall  speak. 
They  number  no  less  than  liftren  populous  towns, 
and  yet  they  know  not  how  to  ciiltivate  the  earth 
by  see<ling  it.  contenting  themselves  with  a  sort 
of  marsh  rye,  which  we  call  wild  oats. 

'•  For  sixty  leagues  from  the  extremity  of  the 
upjier  lakes,  towards  sunset,  and,  as  it  were,  in 
the  iciitic  of  the  western  nations,  they  have  all 
uniliil  their  force  h\  a  general  league,  which  has 
been  made  against  tlicni.  as  against  a  common 
enemy. 

•■  They  speak  a  peculiar  language,  entirely  dis- 
tinct from  tliat  of  the  Algompuns  and  Ilurons, 
whom  they  generally  surpass  in  generosity,  since 
they  often  content  themselves  with  the  glory  of 


GliOSELLlERS  AND  BADI8S0N  IN  THE  ENGLISH  SEE  VICE. 


liaviuR  obtained  the  victory,  and  release  the  pris- 
oners they  have  taken  in  battle. 

"  Our  Outouacs  of  the  Point  of  the  Holy  Ghost 
[La  Pointe,  now  Bayfield]  had  to  tlie  present  time 
kept  up  a  kind  of  peace  with  them,  but  affairs 
having  become  embroiled  during  last  whiter,  and 
some  murders  ha\ing  been  committed  on  both 
sides,  our  savages  had  reason  to  apprehend  that 
the  storm  would  soon  burst  upon  them,  and  jiidged 
that  it  was  safer  for  them  to  leave  the  place,  which 
in  fact  they  did  in  the  spring."' 

Marquette,  on  tlie  13th  of  September,  I66I1, 
writes  :  "  The  Kadouessi  are  the  Iroquois  of  this 
country.  *  *  *  they  lie  northwest  of  the  Mission 
of  the  Holy  (Jhost  [La  Pointe,  the  modern  Bay- 
field] and  we  have  not  yet  visited  them,  having 
confined  ourselves  to  the  conversion  of  the  Otta- 
was." 

Soon  after  this,  hostilities  began  between  the 
Sioux  and  the  Ilurons  and  Ottawas  of  La  Pointe, 
and  the  former  compelled  their  foes  to  seek  an- 
other resting  place,  toward  the  eastern  extremity 
of  Lake  Superior,  and  at  length  they  pitched 
their  tents  at  JSIackinaw. 

In  1674,  some  Sioux  warriors  came  down  to 
Sault  Saint  ^larie.  to  make  a  treaty  of  peace  with 
adjacent  tribes.  A  friend  of  the  Abbe  de  Galli- 
nee  wrote  that  a  council  was  had  at  the  fort  to 
which  "the  Xadouessioux  sent  twelve  deputies. 
and  the  others  forty.  During  the  conference, 
one  of  the  latter,  knife  in  hand,  drew  near  the 
breast  of  one  of  the  Nadouessioux,  who  showed 
surprise  at  the  movement ;  when  the  Indian  with 
the  knife  reproached  him  for  cowardice.  The 
Nadouessioux  said  he  was  not  afraid,  when  the 
other  planted  the  knife  in  his  heart,  and  killed 
him.  All  the  savages  then  engaged  in  conflict, 
and  the  I^fadouessioux  bravely  defended  tliem- 
selves,  but,  ovei^whelmed  by  nimibers,  nine  of 
them  were  killed.  The  two  who  survived  rushed 
into  the  chapel,  and  closed  the  door.  Here  they 
found  munitions  of  war,  and  fired  guns  at  their 
enemies,  who  became  anxious  to  burn  down  the 
cliapel,  but  the  Jesuits  would  not  permit  it,  be- 
cause they  had  their  skins  stored  between  its  roof 
and  ceiling.  In  this  extremity,  a  Jesuit,  Louis 
Le  Boeme,  advised  that  a  cannon  should  be  point- 
ed at  the  door,  which  was  discharged,  and  the  two 
brave  Sioux  were  killed." 

Governor  Frontenac  of  Canada,  was  indignant 


at  the  occurrence,  and  in  a  letter  to  Colbert,  one 
of  the  Ministers  of  Louis  the  Fourteenth,  speaks 
in  condemnation  of  this  discharge  of  a  camion  liy 
a  Brother  attached  to  the  Jesuit  ]\Iission. 

From  tills  period,  the  missions  of  the  Church  of 
Rome,  near  Lake  Superior,  began  to  wane.  Shea, 
a  devout  historian  of  that  church,  writes:  •■  In 
1680,  Father  Enjalran  was  apparently  alone  at 
Green  Bay,  and  Pierson  at  Mackinaw ;  the  latter 
mission  still  comprising  the  two  villages,  Huron 
aud  Kiskakon.  Of  the  other  missions,  neither 
Le  Clerq  nor  Hennepin,  the  Recollect,  writers  of 
the  West  at  this  time,  makes  any  mention,  or  in 
any  way  alludes  to  their  existence,  and  La  Hon- 
tan  mentions  the  .Jesuit  missions  only  to  ridicule 
them."' 

The  Pigeon  River,  a  part  of  the  northern  boun- 
dary of  ^limiesota,  was  called  on  the  French  maps 
GroselUer"s  River,  after  the  first  explorer  of  Alin- 
nesota,  whose  career,  with  his  associate  Radisson, 
became  quite  prominent  in  connection  with  the 
Hudson  Bay  region. 

A  disagreement  occurring  between  Groselliers 
and  his  partners  in  Quebec,  he  proceeded  to  Paris, 
and  from  thence  to  London,  where  he  was  intro- 
duced to  the  nephew  of  Charles  I.,  who  led  tlie 
cavalry  charge  against  Fairfax  and  Cromwell  at 
Xaseby,  afterwards  commander  of  the  English 
fleet.  The  Prince  listened  witli  pleasure  to  the 
narrative  of  travel,  and  endorsed  the  plans  for 
prosecuting  the  fur  trade  and  seeking  a  north- 
west passage  to  Asia.  The  scientific  men  of  Eng- 
land were  also  full  of  the  enterprise,  in  the  hope 
that  it  would  increase  a  knowledge  of  nature. 
The  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Society  wrote  to  Rob- 
ert Boyle,  the  distinguished  philosopher,  a  too 
sanguine  letter.  His  words  were  :  "  Surely  I  need 
not  tell  you  from  hence  what  is  said  here,  v,Hh 
great  joy,  of  the  discovery  of  a  northwest  passage; 
and  by  two  Englishmen  and  one  Frenchuian 
represented  to  his  Majesty  at  Oxford,  and  an- 
swered by  the  grant  of  a  vessel  to  sail  into  Hud- 
son's Bay  and  channel  into  the  South  Sea." 

The  ship  Xonsuch  was  fitted  out,  in  charge  of 
Captain  Zachary  Gillam,  a  son  of  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Boston ;  and  in  this  vessel  Groselliers 
and  Radisson  left  the  Thames,  in  June,  1668,  and 
in  September  reached  a  tributary  of  Hudson's 
Bay.  The  next  year,  by  way  of  Boston,  they  re- 
turned to  England,  and  in  1670,  a  trading  com- 


6 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


pany  was  chartered,  still  known  among  venerable 
English  corporations  as  "  The  Hudson's  Bay 
Company." 

The  IJeverend  Mother  of  the  Int-arnation.  Su- 
perior of  the  I  isulines  of  (Quebec,  in  a  letter  of 
the  27th  of  August,  1670,  writes  thus  : 

"  It  was  about  this  time  tliat  a  Frenchman  of 
our  Touraine,  named  des  {iroselliers.  married  in 
this  country,  and  as  he  had  not  been  successful 
in  making  a  fortune,  was  seized  witli  a  fancy  to 
go  to  New  England  to  better  his  condition.  lie 
excited  a  hope  among  the  English  that  he  had 
found  a  passage  to  the  Sea  of  the  North.  With 
this  exi)ectation,  he  was  sent  as  an  envoy  to  Eng- 
knd.  where  there  was  given  to  him,  a  vessel, 
with  crew  and  every  thing  necessary  for  the  voy- 
age. AVith  these  advantages,  he  put  to  sea.  and 
in  place  of  the  usual  route,  wliich  others  had  ta- 
ken in  vain,  he  sailed  in  another  direction,  and 
searched  so  wide,  that  he  found  the  grand  Bay  of 
the  Xorth.  He  found  large  pojuilation.  and  lilled 
his  ship  or  ships  with  peltries  of  great  value.  *  *  * 


lie  has  taken  possession  of  this  great  region  for 
the  King  of  England,  and  for  his  personal  benefit 
A  publication  for  the  benefit  of  tliis  Frencli  ad- 
venturer, has  been  made  in  England.  lie  was 
a  youth  when  he  arrived  here,  and  his  wife  and 
children  are  yet  here.'' 

Talon.  Intendent  f)f  .Justice  in  Canada,  in  a  dis- 
patch to  Colbert,  Minister  of  the  Colonial  Dejjart- 
ment  of  France,  wrote  on  the  10th  of  November, 
1670,  that  he  has  received  intelligence  that  two 
English  vessels  are  approaching  Hudson's  iJay, 
and  adds  :  '■  After  reflecting  on  all  the  nations 
that  might  have  penetrated  as  far  north  as  that, 
I  can  alight  on  only  the  EngUsh,  who,  under  the 
guidance  of  a  man  named  Des  Grozellers.  for- 
merly an  inhabitant  of  Canada,  might  possibly 
have  attempted  that  navigation." 

After  years  of  service  on  the  shores  of  Hudson's 
Bay,  either  witli  English  or  French  trading  com- 
pames,  the  old  explorer  died  in  Canada,  and  it  has 
been  said  that  his  son  went  to  England,  where  he 
was  living  in  1G96,  in  receipt  of  a  pension. 


EA  liL  Y  MENTION  OF  LA  KE  SUPHRIOB  COPPER. 


CHAPTER   II. 


EARLY  MENTION  OF  LAKE   SUPERIOR   COPPER. 


Sagard,  A  D.  1836,  on  Copper  Mines. — Boncher,  A  D.  1640,  Descnbes  LaJtc  Stipe 
nor  Copper.— Jesuit  ReUtitins,  A.  D  lGGfi-G7.— Copper  on  Isle  Rojiils.— Ilalf- 
Breed  Voyageiir  Goes  to  France  with  Talon.— Jolliet  and  Ferrot  Scorch  for 
Copper. — Sr.  Lusson  Plants  ttie  French  Arms  at  Sault  St,  Marie. — Copper  at 
uutanatjon  and  Head  of  Lake  Superior, 

Before  ■white  men  had  explored  the  slioies  of 
Lake  Superior,  Indians  had  broiiglit  to  tlie  tra- 
ding posts  of  tlie  St.  Lawrence  River,  specimens  of 
copper  from  that  region.  Sagard,  in  liis  History 
of  Canada,  publislied  in  1636,  at  Paris,  writes ; 
'•There  are  mines  of  copper  wliicli  miglit  be  made 
profitable,  if  tliere  were  inliabitants  and  worlv- 
men  wlio  would  labor  faitlifiilly.  Tliat  would  be 
done  if  colonies  were  established.  About  eighty 
or  one  hundred  leagues  from  the  Ilurons,  tliere 
is  a  mine  of  copper,  from  wliich  Truchemont 
Brusle  showed  me  an  ingot,  on  his  return  from  a 
voyage  which  he  made  to  the  neighboring  nation." 

Pierre  Boucher,  grandfather  of  Sieur  de  la  Ve- 
rendrye,  the  explorer  of  the  lakes  of  the  northern 
boundary  of  Minnesota,  in  a  volume  published 
A.  D.  1640,  also  at  Paris,  writes  :  "  In  Lake  Su- 
perior there  is  a  great  island,  fifly  or  one  hundred 
leagues  in  circumference,  in  which  there  is  a  very 
beautiful  mine  of  copper.  There  are  other  places 
In  those  quarters,  where  there  are  similar  mines ; 
so  I  learned  from  four  or  five  Frenchmen,  who 
lately  returned.  They  were  gone  three  years, 
without  finding  an  opportunity  to  return;  they 
told  me  that  they  had  seen  an  ingot  of  copper  all 
refined  which  was  on  the  coast,  and  weighed  more 
than  eight  hundred  pounds,  according  to  their  es- 
timate. They  said  that  the  savages,  on  passing 
it,  made  a  fire  on  it.  after  which  they  cut  off  pie- 
ces with  their  axes." 

In  the  Jesuit  Relations  of  1666-67,  there  is  this 
description  of  Isle  Royale  :  "  Advancing  to  a 
place  called  the  Grand  Anse.  we  meet  with  an 
island,  three  leagues  from  land,  wliich  is  cele- 
brated for  the  metal  which  is  found  there,  and 
for  the  thunder  which  takes  place  there;  for  they 
say  it  always  thunders  there. 


"  But  farther  towards  tlie  west  on  the  same 
north  shore,  is  the  island  most  famous  for  copper, 
Jliuong  (Isle  Royale).  This  island  is  twenty-five 
leagues  in  length ;  it  is  seven  from  the  mainland, 
and  sixty  from  the  head  of  the  lake.  Nearly  all 
around  the  island,  on  the  water's  edge,  pieces  of 
copper  are  found  mixed  witli  pebbles,  but  espe- 
cially on  the  side  wliich  is  opposite  the  south, 
and  principally  in  a  certain  bay,  which  is  near 
the  northeast  exposure  to  the  great  lake.    *    *    * 

"  Advancing  to  tlie  head  of  the  lake  (Pon  du 
Lac)  and  returning  one  day  "s  journey  by  the  south 
coast,  there  is  seen  on  the  edge  of  the  water,  a 
rock  of  copper  weighing  seven  or  eight  hundred 
pounds,  and  is  so  hard  that  steel  can  hardly  cut  it, 
but  when  it  is  heated  it  cuts  as  easily  as  lead. 
Near  Point  Chagouamigong  [Sha  -  gah  -  wall  -  mik- 
ong,  near  Bayfield]  where  a  mission  was  establish- 
ed rocks  of  copper  and  plates  of  the  same  metal 
were  found.  *  *  *  Returning  still  toward  the 
mouth  of  the  lake,  following  the  coast  on  the  south 
as  twenty  leagues  from  the  jilace  last  mentioned, 
we  enter  the  river  called  Nantaouagan  [Ontona- 
gon] on  which  is  a  hill  where  stones  and  copper 
fall  into  the  water  or  upon  the  earth.  They  are 
readily  found. 

'•  Tliree  years  since  we  received  a  piece  which 
was  brought  from  this  place,  which  weighed  a 
hundred  pounds,  and  we  sent  it  to  Quebec  to  Mr. 
Talon.  It  is  not  certain  exactly  where  this  was 
broken  from.  We  think  it  was  from  the  forks  of 
the  river ;  others,  that  it  was  from  near  the  lake, 
and  dug  up." 

Talon,  Intendent  of  Justice  in  Canada,  visited 
France,  taking  a  half-breed  voyageur  with  him, 
and  while  in  Paris,  wrote  on  the  26th  of  Febru- 
ary. 1660,  to  Colbert,  the  Minister  of  the  Marine 
Department,  •■  that  this  voyageur  had  penetrated 
among  the  western  nations  farther  than  any  other 
Frenchman,  and  had  seen  the  copper  mine  on 
Lake  Huron.   [SuperiorV]    The  man  oifers  to  go 


8 


EXPLOIiERS  AND  PIOXEEBS  OF  MIXAESOIA. 


to  that  mine,  and  explore,  either  by  sea,  or  by 
lake  anil  river,  the  conmnmicatiDH  supposed  to 
exist  between  Canada  and  the  i^outli  Sea,  or  to 
the  regions  of  Iludson's  Bay." 

As  soon  as  Talon  returned  to  Canada  he  com- 
uiissioned  .Jolliet  and  IVre  [I'ermt]  to  search  for 
the  mines  of  copper  on  the  upper  Lakes.  Jolliet 
received  an  outfit  of  four  hundred  livres,  and  four 
canoes,  and  Perrot  one  thousand  livres.  Minis- 
ister  Colbert  wrote  from  Paris  to  Talon,  in  Peb- 
ruarj',  1671.  approving  of  the  search  for  copper. 
in  these  words  :  "  The  resolution  you  have  taken 
to  send  Sieur  de  La  Salle  toward  the  south,  and 
Sieur  de  St.  Lusson  to  tlie  nortli.  to  discover  the 
South  Sea  passiige,  is  very  good,  but  the  principal 
thing  you  i)Ught  to  apply  yourself  in  discoveries 
of  this  nature,  is  to  look  for  the  cop])pr  mine. 

'■  AVere  tliis  mine  discovered,  and  its  utility 
evident,  it  would  be  an  assured  means  to  attract 
several  Frenchmen  from  old.  to  New  France." 

On  tlie  nth  of  June.  IHTI.  Saint  Lusson  at  Sault 
St.  Marie,  jilanted  tlie  arms  of  France,  in  the  jires- 
ence  of  Nicholas  Perrot,  who  acted  as  interpreter 
on  the  occasion;  tlie  Sieur  Jolliet :  Pierre  Moreau 
or  Sieur  de  la  Tauphie  ;  a  soldier  of  the  garrison 
of  (Quebec,  and  several  other  Frenchmen. 

Talon,  in  announcing  Saint  Lu.sson's  explora- 
tions to  Colbert,  on  the' 2d  of  November.  ItSTl. 
wrote  from  tjuebec  :  ■■  Tlie  copper  which  I  send 
from  Lake  Superior  and  the  river  Nantaouagan 
[Ontonagon]  proves  that  there  is  a  mine  on  the 
iKirder  of  some  stream,  which  produces  tliis  ma- 
terial as  pure  as  one  could  wish.  .More  than 
twenty  Frenchmen  liave  seen  one  lump  at  the 
lake,  which  they  estimate  weighs  more  than  eight 
hundred  i>ouii(ls.  Tlie  .Icsuit  Fathers  among  tlie 
Outiiouas  [( )u-taw-wawsj  use  an  anvil  of  this  ma- 
terial, which  weighs  about  one  hundred  pounds. 
There  will  bi;  no  rest  imtil  the  souice  from  whence 
these  detacheil  ]iiin|is  come  is  discovered. 

"  The  river  Nanlaouagau  lOnlouagonJ  apiears 


between  two  high  hills,  the  plain  above  which 
feeds  the  lakes,  and  receives  a  great  deal  of  snow, 
which,  in  melting,  forms  torrents  which  wa.sh  the 
borders  of  this  river,  composed  of  solid  gravel, 
which  is  rolled  down  by  it. 

"The  gravel  at  llie  bottom  of  tliis.  hardens  it- 
self, and  assumes  dilTerent  shapes,  such  as  those 
pebbles  which  I  send  to  Mr.  Uellinzany.  My 
opinion  is  that  these  pebbles,  rounded  and  carried 
off  by  the  rapid  waters,  then  have  a  tendency  to 
become  copper,  by  tlie  iiillueuce  of  tlie  sun"s  rays 
wdiich  they  absorb,  and  to  form  oilier  nuggets  of 
metal  similar  to  those  which  1  send  to  Sfeiir  de 
Uellinzauy.  found  by  the  Sieur  de  Saint  I.,us:oil, 
about  four  hundred  leagues,  at  some  distance  from 
the  mouth  of  the  river. 

•■  lie  hoped  by  the  frec|uent  journeys  of  the 
savages,  and  French  who  are  beginning  to  travel 
by  these  routes,  to  discern  the  source  of  uroduc- 
tion." 

(rovernor  Denonville.  of  Canada,  sixteen  years 
after  the  above  circumstances,  wrote  :  •■  The  coiv 
per.  a  saiiiidc  of  which  1  sent  M.  .\riioii.  is  fiiiiud 
at  the  head  of  Lake  Sujierior.  The  body  of  the 
mine  has  not  yet  been  discovered.  I  have  seen 
one  of  our  voyageurs  who  assures  me  that,  some 
lifteen  months  ago  he  saw  a  lump  of  two  hundred 
weight,  as  yellow  asgohl.  in  a  liNcr  which  falls 
into  Lake  Superior.  AVhen  heated,  it  could  be 
cut  with  an  axe  ;  but  the  superstitious  Indians, 
regarding  this  boulder  as  a  good  spirit,  would 
never  iiermil  him  to  take  any  of  it  away.  His 
opinion  is  that  the  frost  undermined  this  piece, 
and  tlial  the  mine  is  ill  that  river,  lie  lias  prom- 
ised to  search  for  it  on  his  way  back." 

Li  the  year  173(i.  there  was  some  correspond- 
ence with  the  authorities  in  Fiance  relative  to 
the  discovery  of  copper  at  La  Pointe.  but.  jiracti- 
cally,  little  was  done  by  the  French,  in  developing 
the  mineral  wealth  of  Lake  Superior. 


DU  LUTTT  PLANTS  THE  FRENCH  ARMS  IN  MINNESOTA. 


CHAPTEK  TTT. 


DV  LUTH  PLANTS  TUK  FKKNCII    \UMS  TN  MINTSTESOTA 


Du  Luth's  Relatives. —  Randin  Visits  Extremity  of  Lalie  Superior. — Du  Luth 
Plants  King's  Arms. — Post  at  Kaministigoya. — Pierre  MoreaF,  alias  La  Taupine. 
^La  Salle's  Visit. — A  Pilot  Deserts  to  the  Sioux  Country. — uaffart,  Du  Luth's 
Interpreter.— Descent  of  the  River  St.  Croix.— Meets  Father  Hennepin.— Crit. 
icised  by  La  Salle, — Trades  with  New  England.  —Visits  France. — In  Command 
at  Mackinaw. — Frenchmen  Murdered  at  Keweenaw.— Du  Luth  Arrests  and 
Shouts  Murderers. — Builds  Fort  above  Detroit.  —  With  Indian  Allies  in  the 
Seneca  War.— Du  Luth's  Brother.— Cadillac  Defends  the  Brandy  Trade— Du 
Luth  Disapproves  of  Selling  Brandy  to  the  Indians. — In  Command  at  Fort 
Frontenac— Death. 

Ill  the  year  1678,  several  prominent  merchants 
of  Quebec  antl  ;Montreal.  with  the  support  of 
Governor  Frontenac  of  Canathi,  formed  a  com- 
pany to  open  trade  with  the  Sioux  of  Minnesota, 
and  a  nephew  of  Patron,  one  of  these  merchants, 
a  brother  -  in  -  hiw  of  Sieur  de  Lusigny,  an  officer 
of  the  Governor's  Guards,  named  Daniel  Grey- 
solon  Du  Luth  [Doo-loo],  a  native  of  St.  Germain 
en  Laye,  a  few  miles  from  Paris,  although  Lahon- 
tan  speaks  of  him  as  from  Lyons,  was  made  the 
leader  of  the  expedition.  At  the  battle  of  Seneffe 
against  the  Prince  of  Orange,  he  was  a  gendarme, 
and  one  of  the  King's  guards. 

Du  Luth  was  also  a  cousin  of  Henry  Tonty ,  wlio 
had  been  in  the  revolution  at  Xaples,  to  throw  off 
the  Spanish  dependence.  Du  Luth's  name  is  va- 
riously spelled  in  the  documents  of  his  day.  Plen- 
nepin  writes,  '-Du  Luth;"  others,  "Dulhut." 
"  Du  Lhu,"  "  Du  Lut."  "  De  Luth,''  "  Du  Lud." 

The  temptation  to  procure  valuable  furs  from 
the  Lake  Superior  region,  contrary  to  the  letter 
of  the  Canadian  law,  was  very  great ;  and  more 
than  one  Governor  winked  at  the  contraband 
trade.  Kandin,  who  visited  the  extremity  of 
Lake  Superior,  distributed  presents  to  the  Sioux 
and  Ottawas  in  the  name  of  Governor  Frontenac, 
to  secure  the  trade,  and  after  his  death,  Du  Luth 
was  sent  to  complete  what  he  had  begun.  With 
a  party  of  twenty,  seventeen  Freuclimen  and 
three  Indians,  he  left  Quebec  on  the  first  of 
September,  1678,  and  on  the  fifth  of  April.  1679, 
Du  Luth  writes  to  Governor  Frontenac.  that  he 
is  in  the  woods,  about  nine  miles  from  Sault  St. 
Marie,  at  the  entrance  of  Lake  Superior,  and 


adds  that :  he  '•  will  not  stir  from  the  Kadous- 
sioux.  until  further  orders,  and.  peace  being  con- 
cluded, he  will  set  up  the  King's  Arms ;  lest  the 
English  and  other  Europeans  settled  towards 
Ciilifornia,  take  possession  of  the  country." 

On  the  second  of  .July.  167ii,  he  caused  his 
Majesty's  Arms  to  be  planted  in  the  great  -village 
of  the  Xadoussioux.  called  Kathio,  where  no 
Frenchman  had  ever  been,  and  at  Songaskicous 
and  Ilouetbatons,  one  hundred  and  twenty  leagues 
distiint  from  the  former,  where  he  also  set  up  the 
King's  Arms.  In  a  letter  to  Seignalay,  published 
for  the  first  time  by  Harrisse,  he  writes  that  it 
was  in  the  village  of  Izatys  [Issati].  Upon  Fran- 
quelin's  map,  the  Mississippi  branches  into  the 
Tiiitonha  [Teeton  Sioux]  country,  and  not  farfrom 
here,  he  alleges,  was  seen  a  tree  upon  which  was 
this  legend:  "  Arms  of  the  King  cut  on  this  tree 
in  the  year  1679.'' 

lie  established  a  post  at  Kamauistigoya,  which 
waa  distant  fifteen  leagues  from  the  Grand  Port- 
age at  the  western  extremity  of  Lake  Superior ; 
and  here,  on  the  fifteenth  of  September,  he  held 
a  council  with  the  Assenipoulaks  [Assiiieboines] 
and  other  tribes,  and  urged  them  to  be  at  peace 
with  the  Sioux.  During  this  summer,  he  dis- 
patched Pien-e  Moreau,  a  celebrated  voyageur, 
nicknamed  La  Taupiiie,  with  letters  to  Governor 
Frontenac,  and  valuable  furs  to  the  merchants. 
Ilis  arrival  at  Quebec,  created  some  excitement. 
It  was  charged  that  the  Governor  corresponded 
with  Du  Luth,  and  that  he  passed  the  beaver, 
sent  by  him,  in  the  name  of  merchants  in  his  in- 
terest. The  Intendant  of  Justice,  Du  Chesneau, 
wrote  to  the  Minister  of  the  Colonial  Department 
of  France,  that  "  the  man  named  La  Taupine,  a 
famous  coureur  des  bois,  who  set  out  in  the  month 
of  September  of  last  year,  1678,  to  go  to  the  Ou- 
tawacs,  with  goods,  and  who  has  alw  ays  been  in- 
terested with  the  Governor,  having  returned  this 
year,  and  I,  being  advised  that  he  had  traded  in 


10 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


two  days,  one  hundred  and  fifty  beaver  rol>es  in 
one  village  of  this  tribe,  araoiintin},'  to  nearly  nine 
hundred  lieavers.  wliirli  is  a  matter  of  public  no- 
toriety :  anil  that  he  left  with  Dii  Lut  two  men 
whom  he  had  with  him.  considered  myself  bound 
to  have  him  arrested,  and  to  interroirate  him  ;  but 
baviiij;  iireseiiteil  ine  with  a  license  from  the  (iov- 
eriior.  pemiitlins  liLm  and  his  comrades,  named 
Lamoiide  and  Dupuy.  to  repair  to  the  Outawac. 
to  execute  his  secret  orders.  I  had  him  set  at 
liberty  :  and  immediately  on  his  fioiuR  out.  Sieur 
I'revost .  To\m  Mayor  of  Quebec,  came  at  the  heiid 
of  some  soldiers  to  force  the  prison,  in  case  he 
was  still  there,  pursuant  to  his  orders  from  the 
Governor,  in  these  terms  :  •■  Sieur  I'revost.  Mayor 
of  (Quebec,  is  ordered,  in  case  the  Intendant  arrest 
I'ierre  Moreau  «//«.<  La  Taujune.  whom  we  have 
sent  to  t^ueljec  as  bearer  of  our  disi>at(hes.  uixin 
pretext  of  Ids  having  been  in  the  bush,  to  set  him 
forthwith  at  liberty,  anil  to  employ  every  means 
for  this  pur))Ose.  at  his  peril.  Done  at  .Montreal, 
theotli  September.  ]t;7i>."' 

La  Taiipine.  in  due  time  returned  to  Lake  Su- 
perior with  another  consignment  of  merchandise. 
The  interjireter  of  I)u  Lulli.  and  trader  with  the 
Sioux,  was  KalTart.  who  hail  been  a  soldier  under 
La  Salle  at  Fort  Frontenac.  ami  li:id  iliscrted. 

La  Salle  was  commissioned  in  KiTs.  by  the 
King  of  France,  to  ex])lore  the  AVesl.  and  trade  in 
cilioja.  or  liiifTalo  skins,  and  on  condition  that  he 
did  not  trallic  with  the  Ottauwaws.  who  carried 
their  beaver  to  Montreal. 

On  the  li'th  of  .Viigiist.  li>79.  he  arrived  at 
Mackinaw,  in  the  "(Irillin."  the  lirst  sailing  ves- 
wl  on  the  great  Lakes  of  Hie  West,  ami  Iroiii 
thence  went  to  (Jreen  Hay.  wliere.  in  the  face  of 
his  conunission.  he  traded  foj-  beaver.  ].,oailing 
his  ves.sel  with  iieltries,  he  sent  it  back  to  Niag- 
ara, while  he.  in  canoes,  proceeded  with  his  ex- 
])edition  t/>  the  Illinois  Hiver.  The  ship  was 
never  heard  of.  and  for  a  timesuppo.sed  to  be  lost, 
but  La  Salle  afteiward  learned  from  a  I'awnee 
iKiy  fourteen  or  lifteen  years  of  age,  who  was 
broiighl  prisoner  to  his  fort  on  the  Illinois  by  some 
Indians,  thai  the  |iilot  of  the  "  (irilliii  "  had  been 
among  the  tribes  of  the  I'pper  Missmiri.  lie  hail 
a.scended  the  Mississippi  with  four  otlicis  in  two 
birch  canoes  with  goods  and  some  hand  grenades, 
taken  from  the  ship,  with  the  intention  of  join 
ing  l)u  \a\{\\.  who  had  for  months  been  trading 


with  the  Sioux  ;  and  if  their  efforts  were  unsuc- 
cessful, they  expected  to  push  on  to  the  English, 
at  Hudson's  Hay.  'Wliile  asceniling  the  JSIissis- 
sipiii  they  were  attackf^l  by  Indians,  and  the  pilot 
and  one  other  only  sur\ived.  and  they  were  sold 
to  the  Indians  on  the  Missouri. 

In  the  month  of  June,  16b0.  L)u  l.iilli.  accom- 
panied by  Faffart.  an  interpreter,  with  four 
h'renchmen.  also  a  ('hii)peway  and  a  Sioux,  with 
two  canoes,  entered  a  river,  the  month  o'f  which 
is  eight  leagues  from  the  head  of  Lake  Suiierior 
on  the  South  side,  named  Nemitsakouat.  t?each- 
ing  its  head  waiters,  by  a  short  portiige,  of  half  a 
league,  he  reached  a  lake  which  was  the  source 
of  the  .Saint  Croix  Hiver.  and  by  this,  he  and  his 
companions  were  the  lirst  Europeans  to  journey 
in  a  canoe  from  Lake  Sui>erior  to  the  Mississippi. 

1a\  Salle  writes,  that  Du  Ia\\.\\.  Ihnling  that 
the  Sioux  were  on  a  hunt  in  the  Mississippi  val- 
ley, below  the  Saint  Croix,  and  that  .Vccault.  Au- 
gelle  and  Ilemiepin.  who  liail  come  up  from  the 
Illinois  a  few  weeks  before,  were  with  them,  de- 
scended until  he  fonnd  them.  In  the  same  letter 
be  disregards  tlie  truth  in  order  to  disiiarage  his 
rival,  and  writes: 

"Thirty-eight  or  I'orty  leagues  aliove  the  Chip- 
peway  they  found  the  river  by  which  the  Sieur 
l)u  Luth  did  descend  to  the  Missis.sippi.  He  had 
been  three  years,  contrary  to  orders,  with  a  com- 
pany of  twenty  "coureurs  du  bois"  on  Lake  Su- 
perior: he  hail  borne  himself  bravely,  proclaiming 
everx  where  llial  at  tlie  liiiid  of  his  brave  fellows 
he  did  not  fear  the  (irand  I'revost.  and  that  he 
would  compel  an  anmesty. 

•■  Willie  he  was  al  Lake  Suiirri.ir.  the  .Xailoue- 
sioux.  enticed  by  the  presents  that  the  late  Sieur 
lianiliii  had  made  on  the  part  of  Count  Fronte- 
nac, and  IheSauteui-s  [Ojibways].  who  are  the  sav- 
ages who  carry  the  peltries  to  .Montreal,  and  who 
dwell  on  Lake  Sui)erior.  wishing  to  obey  the  re- 
peated orders  of  the  Count,  made  a  i)eacp  to 
unite  the  Sauteurs  and  l''rench.and  to  trade  with 
the  Nadouesioux,  situateil  about  sixty  leagues  to 
the  west  of  Lake  Sujierior.  I  )ii  Lulh.  to  disguise 
his  desertion,  sei/.ed  the  oiiporl unity  to  make 
siinie  reputation  for  himself,  sending  two  messen- 
gers to  the  Coinit  to  negotiate  a  truce,  during 
wnich  period  their  comrades  negotiated  still  bet- 
ter for  beaver. 

Several  conferences  were  held  with  the  Xa- 


FAFFAIiT,  DIJ  LVTH'S  INTEBPBETER. 


11 


donessionx,  and  as  he  needed  an  interpreter,  he  led 
off  one  of  mine,  named  Faffart,  formerly  a  sol- 
dier at  Fort  Frontenac.  During  this  period  there 
were  frequent  visits  between  the  Sauteurs  [Ojib- 
ways]  and  Xadouesioux.  and  supposing  that  it 
might  increase  the  number  of  beaver  skins,  he 
sent  Faffart  by  land,  vi'itli  the  Xadouesioux  and 
Sauteurs  [Ojibways].  The  young  man  on  his  re- 
turn, having  given  an  account  of  the  quantity  of 
beaver  in  that  region,  he  wished  to  proceed  thither 
liimself ,  and,  guided  by  a  Sauteur  and  a  Nadoue- 
sioux.  and  four  Frenchmen,  he  ascended  the  river 
Xemitsakouat,  where,  by  a  short  portage,  he  de- 
scended that  stream,  whereon  he  passed  through 
forty  leagues  of  rapids  [Upper  St.  Croix  River], 
and  lindiug  that  the  Xadouesioux  were  below  with 
my  men  and  the  Father,  who  had  come  down 
again  from  the  village  of  the  Nadouesioux,  he 
discovered  them.  They  went  up  again  to  the 
village,  and  from  thence  they  all  together  came 
dowTi.  They  returned  by  the  river  Ouisconsing, 
and  came  back  to  Montreal,  where  Du  Luth  in- 
sults the  commissaries,  and  the  deputy  of  the 
'procuieur  general,'  named  d'Auteuil.  Count 
Frontenac  had  him  arrested  and  imprisoned  in 
the  castle  of  Qtiebee,  with  the  intention  of  return- 
ing him  to  France  for  tlie  amnesty  accorded  to 
the  coureurs  des  bois,  did  not  release  him."' 

At  this  very  period,  another  party  charges 
Frontenac  as  being  Du  Luth's  particular  friend. 

Du  Luth.  during  the  fall  of  16S1.  was  engaged 
in  the  beaver  trade  at  ilontreal  and  Quebec. 
Du  Chesneau,  the  Intendant  of  Justica  for  Can- 
ada, on  the  13th  of  November.  1G81,  wrote  to  the 
Marquis  de  Siegnelay^  in  Paris:  "Not  content 
with  the  profits  to  be  derived  from  the  countries 
under  the  King's  dominion,  the  desire  of  maldng 
money  everywhere,  has  led  the  (rovernor  [Fron- 
tenac], Boisseau,  Du  Lut  and  Patron,  his  uncle, 
to  send  canoes  loaded  with  peltries,  to  the  En- 
glish. It  is  said  sixty  thousand  livres'  worth  has 
been  sent  thither:"'  and  he  further  stated  that 
there  was  a  very  general  report  that  within  live 
or  six  days,  Frontenac  and  his  associates  had  di- 
vided the  money  received  from  the  beavers  sent 
to  New  England. 

At  a  conference  in  Qtiebec  of  some  of  the  dis- 
tinguished men  in  that  city,  relative  to  difficulties 
with  the  Iroquois,  held  on  the  lnth  of  October, 
1682,  Du  Luth  was  present.    From  thence  he  went 


to  France,  and.  early  in  168.S.  consulted  with  the 
jSIinister  of  Marine  at  Versailles  relative  to  the 
interests  of  trade  in  the  Hudson's  Bay  and  Lake 
Superior  region.  Upon  his  return  to  Canada,  he 
departed  for  Mackinaw.  Governor  De  la  Barre, 
on  the  9th  of  November,  1683,  wrote  to  the  French 
Government  that  the  Indians  west  and  north  of 
Lake  Superior,  "when  they  heard  by  expresses 
sent  them  by  Du  Lhut,  of  his  arrival  at  Missili- 
makinak,  that  he  was  coming,  sent  him  word  to 
come  qiuckly  and  they  would  unite  with  him  to 
prevent  others  going  thither.  If  I  stop  that  pass 
as  I  hope,  and  as  it  is  necessary  to  do,  as  the  Eng- 
lish of  the  Bay  [Hudson's]  excite  against  us  the 
savages,  whom  Sieur  Du  Lhut  alone  can  quiet." 
^^'llile  stationed  at  ^lackinaw  he  was  a  ijartici- 
pant  in  a  tragic  occurrence.  During  the  summer 
of  16S3  Jacques  le  Maire  and  Colin  Berthot.  while 
on  their  way  to  trade  at  Keweenaw,  on  Lake  Su- 
perior, were  surprised  by  three  Indians,  robbed, 
and  murdered.  Du  Luth  was  prompt  to  arrest 
and  punish  the  assassins.  In  a  letter  from  Mack- 
inaw, dated  ^Vpril  12,  1684.  to  the  Governor  of 
Canada,  he  writes:  ■'  Be  pleased  to  know.  Sir, 
that  on  the  2-tth  of  October  last,  I  was  told  that 
Folle  Avoine.  accomplice  in  the  niiu'der  and  rob- 
bery of  the  two  Frenchmen,  had  arrived  at  Sault 
Ste.  Jilarie  with  fifteen  families  of  the  Sauteurs 
[Ojibways]  who  had  fled  from  Chagoamigon  [La 
Pointe]  on  accoimt  of  an  attack  which  they,  to- 
gether with  the  people  of  the  land,  made  last 
Spring  upon  the  Nadouecioux  [Dakotahs.] 

"  He  believed  himself  safe  at  the  Sault,  on  ac- 
coiuit  of  the  number  of  allies  and  relatives  he  had 
there.  Eev.  Father  Albauel  informed  me  that 
the  French  at  the  Saut,  being  only  twelve  in  num- 
ber, had  not  arrested  him.  believing  themselves 
too  weak  to  contend  with  such  numbers,  espe- 
cially as  the  Sauteurs  had  declared  that  they 
would  not  allow  the  French  to  redden  the  land 
of  their  fathers  with  the  blood  of  their  brothers. 

"On  receiving  this  information,  I  immediately 
resolved  to  take  with  me  six  Frenchmen,  and  em- 
bark at  the  dawii  of  the  next  day  for  Sault  Ste. 
ilarie.  and  if  possiljle  obtain  possession  of  the 
murderer.  I  made  known  my  design  to  the  Rev. 
Father  Engalran,  and,  at  my  request,  as  he  had 
some  business  to  arrange  with  Eev.  Father  Al- 
bauel, he  placed  himself  in  my  canoe. 

"  Having  arrived  within  a  league  of  the  \  iUage 


12 


EXPLOBERS  AND  PIOXEEKS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


of  the  Saut.  the  Kev.  Father,  the  Chevalier  de 
Fourcille,  Cardoniiierre,  and  I  disembarked.  I 
caused  the  canoe,  in  which  were  IJaiiliaud.  Le 
Mere.  La  Fortune,  and  Macons.  to  proiecil.  wliile 
we  went  across  tlie  wood  to  the  house  of  tlie  Rev. 
Father,  fearins  that  the  savapres.  seeing  me.  might 
suspect  the  object  of  my  visit,  and  cause  Folle 
Avoiiie  to  escape.  Fhially.  to  cut  tlie  matter 
short,  1  arrested  him.  and  caused  him  to  be 
guarded  day  and  night  by  six  Frenclmicn. 

••  I  tlieii  called  a  <-ouncil.  al  wliicli  1  requested 
all  the  .savages  of  the  jilace  to  be  present,  where 
I  repeated  what  1  liad  often  said  to  the  llurons 
and  Ottawas  since  tlie  deiiarlure  of  M.  l'ere[lVr- 
rotj,  giving  them  llie  message  you  ordered  me. 
Sir,  that  in  case  there  shotdd  be  among  them  an\ 
spirits  so  evil  disposed  as  to  follow  the  cxaniiile 
of  tho.se  who  have  murdered  the  French  on  Lake 
,Su]>erior  and  I.,ake  Michigan,  they  must  se]iiirat;' 
the  guilty  from  the  innocent,  as  I  did  not  wish 
the  whole  nation  to  suffer,  unless  they  protected 
the  guilty.  »  *  *  The  savages  held  several 
councils,  to  whidi  I  was  invited,  b-.t  Iheir  only 
object  seemed  to  be  to  excidjiate  the  jirisoner.  in 
order  that  1  might  release  him. 

■•  All  united  in  accusing  Achiganaga  and  his 
children,  assuring  themselves  with  the  belief  tliul 
M.  I'ere,  [I'errol]  with  his  detachment  would  not 
be  able  to  arrest  tliem.  and  wishing  to  persuade 
me  thai  tliey  aiiiirelicnded  lliat  all  the  Frenclinien 
miglil  bi*  killed. 

•'I  answered  them.  «  *  *  •  As  to  the  aiilici- 
pated  death  of  M.  i'ere  [IVrrot].  as  well  as  of  the 
other  Frenehnien.  that  would  not  embarrass  me. 
since  1  believed  neither  the  allies  nor  the  nation 
of  Achiganaga  would  wish  to  have  a  w;ir  with  us 
t<i  sustain  an  action  so  dark  as  that  of  which  wi 
were  sjieaking.  Having  only  to  attack  a  few 
murderers,  or.  at  most,  tlio.se  of  their  own  family. 
1  was  certain  that  the  French  would  liave  them 
dead  or  alive.' 

■'  This  was  the  answer  tln-y  had  from  me  during 
the  three  days  that  the  councils  lasted  ;  after 
which  1  embarked,  at  ten  o'clock  in  tlie  morning, 
sustained  liy  only  Iwehe  Frenchmeti,  to  show  a 
few  unruly  persons  who  boasted  of  taking  the 
prisoner  away  from  me.  that  the  I'rench  did  not 
fear  them. 

"Daily  I  rei-eived  accounts  of  theniunberof 
savages  that  ,\chiganaga  drew  from  his  nation  to 


Eiaonan  [Keweenaw]  under  pretext  of  going  to 
war  in  the  spring  against  the  Xadouecioux,  to 
avenge  the  death  of  one  of  his  relatives,  son  of  Ou- 
euaus.  but  really  to  protect  himself  against  us. 
in  case  we  should  become  convinced  that  his  chil- 
dren had  killed  the  I'reiichmen.  This  precaution 
placed  me  between  hope  and  fear  respecting  the 
expedition  which  .M.  I'ere  |l'errot|  had  under- 
taken. 

"On  the  ::4th  of  Xcjveniber.  [HisM].  he  came 
across  the  wood  at  ten  o'clock  at  night,  to  tell  me 
that  he  had  arrested  Achiganaga  and  foiu-of  his 
children.  He  .said  they  were  not  all  guilty  of  the 
murder,  liut  had  thought  proper,  in  this  affair,  to 
follow  the  custom  of  the  savages,  which  is  to  seize 
all  the  relatives.  Folle  Avoine.  whom  I  had  ar- 
restecl.  he  considered  the  most  guilty,  being  with- 
out doulit  the  originator  of  the  mischief. 

"  1  immediately  gave  orders  that  Folle  Avoine 
should  be  more  closely  conlined.  ami  not  allowed 
to  siieak  to  any  one  :  foi-  I  had  also  learned  that 
he  had  a  brother,  sister,  and  uncle  in  the  village 
of  the  Kiskakons. 

■■  M.  I'ere  inforineil  me  that  he  had  released  the 
youngest  son  of  Achiganaga.  aged  about  thirteen 
or  fourteen  years,  that  he  might  make  known  to 
their  nation  and  the  Sauteurs  [OjiliwaysJ.  who  are 
al  >»ocke  and  in  the  neighborhood,  the  reason 
why  the  French  ha<l  arrested  his  father  and  bro- 
thers. M.  I'cre  bade  him  assure  the  savages  that 
if  any  one  wished  to  complain  of  what  he  had 
done,  he  would  wait  for  them  with  a  tirm  step ;  for 
he  considered  liiniself  in  a  conililion  to  set  them 
at  defiance,  having  found  at  Kiaonau  |  Keweenaw] 
eighteen  Frenchmen  who  had  wintereil  there. 

••On  the  li'Mli.  al  da>lireak.  .\l.  I'ere  I'mliarked 
I   al   the  Saull.  with  four  good  men  whom   1  gave 

him.  to  go  and  meet  the  luisonei^s.  lie  left  llicm 
I   four  leagues  from  there,  under  a  guard  of  twelve 

Frenchmen :  ami  at  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 

they  arrived.  I  ha<l  jireiiared  a  room  in  my  house 
I  for  the  prisoners,  in  which  they  were  placed  under 

a  strong  guard,  and  were  not  allowed  to  converse 

with  any  one. 

"On  the  liiilh.  1  eciniinenced  proceedings;  and 
this.  sir.  is  tlu?  coiiise  1  pursued.  1  gave  notice 
t4)  all  the  chiefs  and  others,  to  apjiear  at  the 
council  which  I  had  apiMiinted.  and  gave  to  Folle 
Avoine  the  privilege  of  selecting  two  of  his  rela- 


INDIANS  CONDEMNED  TO  BE  SHOT. 


13 


tives  to  STi)>port  bis  interests ;  and  to  the  otlier 
prisoners  I  made  the  same  offer. 

"  The  council  being  assembled,  I  sent  for  Folle 
Avoine  to  be  interrogated,  and  caused  his  answers 
to  be  written,  and  afterwards  they  were  read  to 
him,  and  inquiry  made  whether  they  were  not, 
word  for  word,  what  he  had  said.  He  was  then 
removed  under  a  safe  guard.  I  used  the  same 
form  with  the  two  eldest  sons  of  Acbiganaga,  and, 
as  Folle  Avoine  bad  indirectly  charged  the  father 
with  being  accessory  to  the  murder,  I  sent  for 
him  and  also  for  Folle  Avoine,  and  bringing  them 
into  the  council,  confronted  the  four. 

"  Folle  Avoine  and  the  two  sons  of  Acbiganaga 
accused  each  other  of  committing  the  murder, 
without  denying  that  they  were  participators  in 
the  crime.  Acbiganaga  alone  strongly  maintained 
that  he  knew  nothing  of  the  design  of  Folle 
Avoine,  nor  of  his  children,  and  called  on  them 
to  say  if  be  had  advised  them  to  kill  the  French- 
men.   Tbey  answered,  '  Xo.' 

"  This  confrontation,  which  the  savages  did  not 
expect,  surprised  them;  and,  seeing  the  prisoners 
had  convicted  themselves  of  the  murder,  the 
Chiefs  said:  'It  is  enough;  you  accuse  your- 
selves; the  French  are  masters  of  your  bodies.' 

"  Tlie  next  day  I  held  another  council,  in  which 
I  said  there  could  be  no  doubt  that  the  French- 
men had  been  niurdered,  that  the  murderers  were 
known,  and  that  they  knew  what  was  the  prac- 
tice among  themselves  upon  such  occasions.  To 
all  this  they  .".aid  nothing,  which  obliged  us  on 
the  following  day  to  bold  another  council  in  the 
cabin  of  Brochet,  where,  after  having  spoken,  and 
seeing  that  tbey  would  make  no  decision,  and  that 
all  my  councils  ended  only  in  reducing  tobacco  to 
ashes,  I  told  them  that,  since  they  did  not  wish  to 
decide,  I  should  take  the  responsibility,  and  that 
the  next  day  I  would  let  them  know  the  deter- 
mination of  the  French  and  myself. 

"It  is  proper.  Sir,  you  should  know  that  I  ob- 
served all  these  forms  only  to  see  if  they  would 
feel  it  their  duty  to  render  to  us  the  same  justice 
that  tbey  do  to  each  other,  havmg  had  divers  ex- 
amples in  which  when  the  tribes  of  those  who 
had  committed  the  murder  did  not  wish  to  go  to 
war  with  the  tribe  aggrieved,  tlie  nearest  rela- 
tions of  the  mm'derers  killed  them  themselves; 
that  is  to  say,  man  for  man. 

"  On  the  29th  of  Xovember.  I  gathered  together 


the  French  that  were  here.  and.  after  the  interro- 
gations and  answers  of  the  accused  had  been  read 
to  them,  the  guilt  of  the  three  appeared  so  evi- 
dent, fi-om  their  own  confessions,  that  tlie  vote 
was  unanimous  that  all  should  die.  But  as  the 
French  who  remained  at  Kiaonan  to  pass  the  win- 
ter had  written  to  Father  Engalran  and  to  myself, 
to  beg  us  to  treat  the  affair  with  all  possible  len- 
iency, the  savages  declaring  that  if  they  made 
the  prisoners  die  tbey  would  avenge  themselves, 
I  told  the  gentlemen  who  were  with  me  in  coun- 
cil that,  this  lieing  a  case  without  a  precedent,  I 
l)elieved  it  was  expedient  for  the  safety  of  the 
French  who  would  pass  the  winter  in  the  Lake 
Superior  coimtry  to  put  to  death  only  two,  as  that 
of  the  third  might  In'ing  about  grievous  conse- 
quences, while  the  putting  to  death,  man  for 
man,  could  give  the  savages  no  complaint,  since 
this  is  their  custom.  M.  de  la  Tour,  chief  of  the 
Fathers,  who  had  served  much,  sustained  my 
opinions  by  strong  reasoning,  and  all  decided  that 
two  shoidd  be  shot,  namely,  Folle  Avoine  and 
the  older  of  the  two  brothers,  while  the  younger 
should  be  released,  and  hold  his  life,  Sir,  as  a  gift 
from  you. 

"  I  tl;en  returned  to  the  cabin  of  Brochet  with 
Messrs.  Boisguillot,  Fere,  De  Repentigny,  De 
Manthet,  De  la  Ferte,  and  Marons,  wliere  were 
all  tlie  chiefs  of  the  Outawas  du  Sable,  Outawas 
Sinagos,  Baskakons,  Sauteurs,  D  Aclnliny,  a  part 
of  the  Ilurons,  and  Ouniamens,  the  chief  of  the 
Amikoys.     I  informed  them  of  our  decision     * 

*  *  that,  the  Frenchmen  having  been  killed  by 
the  different  nations,  one  of  each  must  die,  and 
that  the  same  death  they  had  caused  the  Frencli 
to  suffer  they  must  also  suffer.  *  *  *  This 
decision  to  put  the  murderers  to  death  was  a  hard 
stroke  to  them  all,  for  none  had  believed  that  I 
would  dare  to  luidertake  it.  *  *  *  I  then  left 
tlie  council  and  asked  the  Kev.  Fathers  if  they 
wished  to  baptize  the  prisoners,  which  they  did. 

"An  hour  after,  I  put  myself  at  the  head  of 
forty-two  Frenchmen,  and,  in  sight  of  more  than 
four  hundred  savages,  and  within  two  hundred 
paces  of  their  fort,  I  caused  the  two  murderers 
to  be  shot.  The  impossibility  of  keeping  them 
until  spring  made  me  hasten  their  death.     *    * 

*  When  M.  I'ere  made  the  arrest,  those  who  bad 
committed  the  murder  confessed  it;  and  when  he 
asked  them  what  they  had  done  with  our  goods. 


14 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIOXEERS  OF  MIXXEHOTA. 


they  answered  that  they  were  almost  all  con- 
cealed, lie  proceeded  to  the  place  of  conceal- 
uit'ut.  and  was  very  mucli  surprised,  as  wcic  also 
the  Trench  with  him,  to  lind  Iheni,  in  lifleen  or 
twenty  different  places.  By  the  carelessness  of 
tiie  savages,  the  tobacco  ;ui<l  powder  were  entire- 
ly deslniyed.  having  been  placed  in  the  pinery, 
under  the  roots  of  trees,  and  being  soaked  in  the 
water  caused  by  ten  or  twelve  days*  continuous 
rain,  which  inundated  all  the  lower  country. 
Tlie  season  for  snow  and  ice  having  come,  they 
had  all  the  trouble  in  the  world  to  gel  out  tlie 
bales  of  cloth. 

"They  then  went  to  se;'  the  bodies,  but  could 
not  remove  them,  these  miserable  \\  retclies  hav- 
ing thrown  them  into  a  marsh,  and  thrust  them 
down  into  holes  wliich  they  had  made.  Not  sat- 
isfied with  tliis.  they  had  also  piled  branches  of 
trees  upon  the  bodies,  to  prevent  them  from  lloat- 
ing  wlien  the  water  sliould  rise  in  the  spring, 
hoping  by  this  precaution  the  French  would  find 
no  trace  of  those  who  were  killed,  but  would  tliink 
them  drowned ;  as  they  reported  that  they  had 
found  in  the  lake  on  the  other  side  of  the  Portage, 
a  boat  with  the  sides  all  broken  in.  which  they 
believed  to  be  a  French  boat. 

"Tliose  goods  which  the  Frencli  were  able  to 
secure,  they  took  to  Kiaouau  [Keweenaw],  where 
were  a  number  of  Frenchmen  who  had  gone  there 
to  pass  tlie  wiuler.  who  knew  notliingof  the  deatli 
of  Colin  Uerlliot  and  Jacques  le  Maire,  until  M. 
Fere  arrived. 

"  The  ten  who  formed  M.  Pere"s  detachment 
having  conferred  together  concerning  the  means 
they  should  take  to  prevent  a  toUil  loss,  decided 
to  sell  the  goods  to  the  highest  bidder.  The  sale 
was  made  for  110(t  livres,  which  was  to  be  paid  in 
beavers,  to  -M.  de  la  Cliesiiaye,  to  wlioin  I  send 
tlie  names  of  the  purch.sers. 

•■The  savages  who  were  present  wlim  Ailiiga- 
riaga  and  liis  children  were  arrested  wishi'd  to 
liass  the  calumet  to  .M.  I'ere.  :iud  give  bim  cap- 
tives to  satisfy  liiui  I'ni-  the  iiiiinlcr  (■(nuiuilled  on 
tlie  two  Frenclinien  ;  but  lie  knew  their  inten- 
tion, and  would  not  accejit  their  olTer.  He  told 
them  neitlier  a  liundred  captives  nor  a  Innidred 
jiacks  of  beaver  would  give  back  the  blood  of  hi  . 
lirotliers;  that  the  luiirderers  must  l)e  given  up 
to  me,  and  I  would  s<  e  what  I  would  do. 

"  I  caused  M.  Fere  to  repeat  these  tilings  in  the 


council,  that  in  future  the  savages  need  not  think 
by  presents  to  save  those  who  commit  similar 
deeds,  liesides.  sir.  }il.  Fere  showed  plainly  by 
his  conduct,  that  he  is  not  strongly  inelined  to 
favor  the  savages,  as  w  as  reported.  Indeed.  I  do 
not  know  any  one  whom  they  fear  more,  yet  who 
Hatters  them  less  or  knows  them  better. 

"The  criminals  being  in  two  different  places, 
M.  Fere  being  obliged  to  kee])  four  of  them,  sent 
Messrs.  de  Repeutigny.  Manthet,  and  six  other 
Frenchmen,  to  arrest  the  two  who  were  eight 
leagues  in  the  woods.  Among  others.  M.  de  Ue- 
pentigny  and  .M.  ili  Manthet  showed  that  they 
feared  nothing  when  their  honor  called  them. 

'•  M.  de  la  ("lievrolicre  has  also  served  well  in 
person,  and  by  his  advice,  having  pointed  out 
where  the  prisoners  were.  Achiganaga,  who  had 
adopted  him  as  a  son,  had  told  him  where  he 
should  hunt  during  the  winter.  ***** 
It  still  remained  for  me  to  give  to  Achiganaga  and 
his  three  children  the  means  to  return  to  his 
family.  Their  home  from  which  they  were  taken 
was  nearly  twenly-si.x  leagues  from  here.  Know- 
ing their  necessity,  I  told  them  >iiu  would  not  bo 
satisfied  in  giving  them  life ;  you  wished  to  pre- 
serve it.  liy  giving  them  all  that  was  necessary  to 
prevent  them  from  dying  with  hunger  and  cold 
by  the  way,  and  that  your  gift  was  made  by  my 
hands.  I  gave  them  blankets,  tobacco,  meal, 
hatchets,  knives,  twine  to  make  nets  for  beavers, 
and  two  bags  of  corn,  to  sujiply  them  till  they 
could  kill  game. 

"  They  departed  two  days  after,  the  most  con- 
tented creatures  in  the  world,  but  God  was  nol  ; 
for  when  only  two  days'  .iourney  from  here,  the 
old  Achiganaga  fell  sick  of  the  (luinsy,  and  died, 
and  his  children  r-  turned,  ^\'llell  the  news  of  his 
death  arrived,  the  greater  part  of  the  savages  of 
this  place  [Mackinaw]  attributed  it  to  the  Frenc'i, 
saying  we  had  caused  him  to  die.  1  let  them 
talk,  and  laughed  at  tliem.  It  is  only  about  two 
monlhssinee  thecliildrenof  Achiganaga  retur:  e  I 
to  Kiaoiian." 

Some  of  those  opposed  to  Du  Liitli  and  Fron- 
tenac,  jircjiidieed  the  King  of  I'rance  relative  to 
the  Iran.sjiction  we  have  described,  and  in  a  letter 
to  the  (;overnor  of  Canada,  the  King  writes :  "  It 
appears  to  me  that  one  of  the  prin<'ipal  causes  of 
the  war  arises  from  one  l)u  l>utli  liaviiig  caused 
two  to  be  killed  who  hail  a.ssa.ssinated  two  French- 


ENGLISH  TBADERS  CAPTURED. 


15 


men  on  Lake  Superior ;  and  you  sufliciently  see 
now  much  this  man's  voyage,  which  can  not  pro- 
duce any  advantage  to  the  colony,  and  which  was 
permitted  only  in  the  interest  of  some  private 
persons,  has  contributed  to  distract  the  peace  of 
the  colony." 

Du  Luth  and  his  young  brother  appear  to  have 
traded  at  the  western  extremity  of  Lake  Superior, 
and  on  the  north  shore,  to  Lake  Xipegon. 

In  June,  16S4.  (iovernor  De  la  Barre  sent  Guil- 
letand  Ilebertfrom  Montreal  to  request  DuLuth 
and  Durantaye  to  bring  down  voyageurs  and  In- 
dians to  assist  in  an  expedition  against  the  Iro- 
quois of  Xew  York.  Early  in  September,  they 
reported  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  with  one  hundred 
and  fifty  coureui's  des  bois  and  three  hundred  and 
fifty  Indians ;  but  as  a  treaty  bad  just  been  made 
with  the  Senecas,  they  returned. 

De  la  Barre 's  successor,  Governor  Denonville, 
in  a  dispatch  to  the  French  Government,  dated 
November  1:2th,  lliSo,  alludes  to  Du  Luth  being 
in  the  far  West,  in  these  words  :  ■•  I  likewse  sent 
to  M.  De  la  Durantaye.  who  is  at  Lake  Superior 
under  orders  from  M.  De  la  Barre,  and  to  Sieur 
Du  Luth,  who  is  also  at  a  gi-eat  distance  in  an- 
other direction,  and  all  so  far  beyond  reach  that 
neither  the  one  nor  tlie  other  can  hear  news  from 
me  this  year  ;  so  that,  not  being  able  to  see  them 
at  soonest,  before  next  July.  I  considered  it  best 
not  to  thmk  of  undertaking  anything  during  the 
whole  of  next  year,  especially  as  a  great  numljer 
of  our  best  men  are  among  the  ( )utaouacs,  and 
can  not  return  before  the  ensuing  summer.  *  *  * 
In  regard  to  Sieur  Du  Luth,  I  sent  him  orders  to 
repair  here,  so  that  I  may  learn  the  number  of 
savages  on  whom  I  may  depend.  lie  is  accredit- 
ed among  them,  and  rendered  great  services  to 
M.  De  la  Barre  by  a  large  number  of  savages  he 
brought  to  Niagara,  "nho  would  have  attacked 
the  Senecas,  was  it  not  for  an  express  order  from 
M.  De  la  Barre  to  the  contrary."" 

In  1686,  while  at  Mackinaw,  he  was  orderea  to 
establish  a  post  on  the  Detroit,  near  Lake  Erie. 
A  portion  of  the  order  reads  as  f  jllows  :  "  After 
having  given  all  the  orders  that  you  may  judge 
necessary  for  the  safety  of  this  post,  and  having 
well  secured  the  obedience  of  the  Indians,  you 
will  return  to  Michilimackinac,  tliere  to  await 
Rev.  Father  Eugelran,  by  whom  I  will  commu- 
nicate what  I  wish  of  you,  there." 


The  design  of  this  post  was  to  block  the  pas- 
sage of  tlie  English  to  the  upper  lakes.  Before 
it  was  estabUshed,  in  the  fall  of  1686,  Thomas 
Eoseboom.  a  daring  trader  from  Albany,  on  the 
Hudson,  had  found  his  way  to  tlie  vicinity  of 
^Mackinaw,  and  by  the  proffer  of  l)randy,  weak- 
ened the  allegiance  of  the  tril)es  to  the  French. 

A  canoe  coming  to  Mackinaw  with  dispatches 
for  the  French  and  their  allies,  to  march  to  the 
Seneca  country,  in  New  York,  perceived  this  New 
York  trader  and  associates.  an<l.  giving  the  alarm, 
they  were  met  by  three  hundred  coureurs  du 
bois  and  captured. 

In  the  spring  of  1687  Du  Luth,  Durantaye, 
and  Tonty  all  left  the  vicinity  of  Detroit  for  Ni- 
agara, and  as  they  were  coasting  along  Lake  Erie 
they  met  another  English  trader,  a  Scotchman 
by  birth,  and  by  name  Major  Patrick  McGregor, 
a  person  of  some  influence,  going  with  a  number 
of  traders  to  ^Mackinaw.  IIa\ing  taken  him  pris- 
oner, he  was  sent  with  Eoseboom  to  Montreal. 

Du  Luth,  Tonty,  and  Durantaye  arrived  at  Ni- 
agara on  the  27th  of  Jime,  1687,  with  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy  French  voyageurs,  besides  In- 
dians, and  on  the  10th  of  July  joined  the  army  of 
Denonville  at  the  mouth  of  the  Genesee  Elver, 
and  on  the  13th  Du  Luth  and  his  associates  had 
a  skirmish  near  a  Seneca  village,  now  the  site  of 
the  town  of  \'ictor.  twenty  miles  southeast  of  the 
city  of  Eochester,  New  York.  Governor  Denon- 
ville, in  a  report,  writes:  "  On  the  13th,  about  4 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  having  passed  through 
two  dangerous  defiles,  we  arrived  at  the  third, 
where  we  were  vigorously  attacked  by  eight  hun- 
dred Senecas,  two  hundred  of  whom  fired,  wish- 
ing to  attack  our  rear,  while  the  rest  would  attack 
oiu"  front,  but  the  resistance,  made  produced 
such  a  great  consternation  that  they  saon  resolved 
to  fly.  *  *  *  We  witnessed  the  p.ahif  ul  sight 
of  the  usual  cruelties  of  the  savages,  who  cut  the 
dead  into  quarters,  as  is  done  in  slaughter  houses, 
in  order  to  put  them  into  the  kettle.  The  greater 
number  were  opened  while  still  warm,  that  the 
lilood  might  be  drunk,  (^ur  rascally  Otaoas  dis- 
tinguished themselves  particularly  by  these  bar- 
barities. *  *  *  We  had  five  or  six  men  killed 
on  the  spot,  French  and  Indians,  and  about 
twenty  wounded,  among  the  first  of  wliom  was  the 
Rev.  Father  Angelran,  superior  of  all  the  Otaoan 
Missions,  by  a  very  severe  gu  n-shot.      It  is  a  great 


16 


exflohebs  Axn  pioyEEns  of  jiixyESOTA. 


misfortuiK*  that  tliis  wound  will  inevcnt  him  go- 
jng  back  asraiii.  for  lie  is  a  man  of  caiiacity." 

In  the  order  to  Du  Lutli  assigning  him  to  duty 
at  the  post  on  the  .site  of  the  modern  Fort  Gra- 
tiot, above  tlie  city  of  Detroit,  the  (iovenior  of 
Canada  saitl:  "  If  you  can  so  arrange  your  affairs 
that  your  brother  can  be  near  you  in  the  Spring. 
I  shall  be  very  glad.  lie  is  an  intelligent  lad. 
and  might  be  a  great  assistance  to  you;  he  miglit 
also  be  very  servicealile  lo  us."" 

This  la<l,  Greysolon  de  la  Tourette,  during  the 
winter  of  16S6-7  was  trading  among  the  Assina- 
iMiinesand  other  tribes  at  tlie  west  end  of  Lake 
Superior. but.  upon  receiving  a  disi)atch. hastened 
to  his  brotlier.  journeying  in  a  canoe  without  any 
escort  from  Mackinaw.  lie  did  not  arrive  until 
after  the  battle  with  the  Senccas.  (iovernorl)eii- 
onville.  on  the  2oth  of  .Vugust,  l(i.S7,  wrote: 

••l)u  Luth"s  brother,  who  has  recently  arrived 
from  the  rivers  above  the  Lake  of  the  Allem]ii- 
gons  fXipegon].  assures  me  that  he  saw  more  tlian 
fifteen  hundred  persons  come  to  tnule  with  him. 
and  they  were  very  sorry  he  had  not  goods  sulli- 
cient  to  satisfy  them.  They  are  of  the  tribes  ac- 
customed to  resort  to  the  English  at  I'ort  Nelson 
and  River  Bourbon,  where,  they  say.  they  <lid  not 
go  this  year,  through  Sieur  l)u  Llms  iuiliience." 
After  the  battle  in  the  vicinity  of  Rochester, 
New  Voik,  Du  Luth,  with  his  celebrated  cousin. 
Henry  Tonty,  returned  together  as  far  as  the  post 
above  the  jiresent  city  of  Detroit.  Michigan,  but 
this  i)oint.  after  KiSS.  was  not  again  oc(;uiiieil. 

From  this  period  Dm  Lutli  becomes  less  prom- 
inent. At  the  time  when  the  Jesuits  attempted 
to  exclude  bramly  from  the  Indian  cuiinlry  a  bit- 
ter controversy  arose  between  tliem  and  the 
traders.  Cadillac,  a  Gascon  by  birth,  command- 
ing Fort  l)uade,at  Mackinaw,  on  .Viigust  3,169o, 
wrote  to  Count  Frontenac:  "  \ow.  what  reason 
can  we  assign  that  tlie  savagi's  should  not  drink 
brandy  bought  with  their  nun  money  as  well  as 
we'/  Is  it  i>rohibited  to  prevent  them  from  be- 
coming inloxicatiMl?  Or  is  it  because  the  use  of 
brandy  reduces  them  to  extreme  .misery,  placing 
it  out  of  their  power  to  make  war  by  depriving 
them  of  clothing  and  arras?  If  such  rei)resenta- 
lions  in  reganl  to  the  Indians  have  been  made  to 
the  Count,  they  are  very  false,  as  every  one  knows 
who  is  aeipiainti'd  with  the  ways  of  llie  savages. 
*     *     •     It  is  bad  laitli  to  rcjiresenl  lo  the  Count 


that  the  sale  of  brandy  reduces  the  savage  to  a 
state  of  nudity,  aifd  by  that  means  places  it  out 
of  his  power  to  make  war,  since  he  never  goes  to 
w-ar  in  any  other  c(mdition.  *  *  *  Perhaps  it 
will  be  said  that  the  sale  of  brandy  makes  the 
labors  of  the  missionaries  unfruitful.  It  is  neces- 
sary to  examine  this  proposition.  If  the  mission- 
aries care  for  oidy  the  extension  of  commerce, 
pursuing  the  course  they  have  hitherto.  I  agree 
to  it;  but  if  it  is  the  use  of  brandy  that  hinders 
the  advancement  of  tlie  cause  of  (iod.  I  deny  it, 
for  it  is  a  fact  which  no  one  can  deny  that  there 
are  a  great  number  of  savages  who  never  drink 
brandy,  yet  who  are  not.  for  that,  better  Chris- 
tians. 

"All  the  Sioux,  the  most  numerous  of  all  the 
trilies.  who  inhabit  tlie  region  along  the  shore  of 
Lake  Sujierior.  do  not  even  like  the  smell  of 
liraiidy.  Ai'e  they  more  advaiired  in  leligioii  for 
that?  They  do  not  wish  to  have  the  subject  men- 
tioned, and  when  the  missionaries  address  them 
they  only  laugh  at  the  fooHshness  of  preaching. 
Yet  these  priests  boldly  fling  before  the  eyes  of 
ICuroiieans.  whole  volumes  filled  with  glowing 
descriptions  of  the  conversion  of  souls  by  thou- 
sands in  this  country,  causing  the  poor  missiona- 
ries from  Europe,  to  run  to  mai'tyrdom  as  flies  to 
sugar  and  honey." 

Du  Luth.  or  Du  Lliiit.  as  he  wrote  his  iianie, 
during  tliis  discussion,  was  found  upon  the  side 
of  order  and  good  morals.  His  attestation  is  as 
follows  :  '■  I  certify  that  at  dilVerent  periods  1 
have  lived  about  ten  years  among  the  Ottawa 
nation,  from  the  time  that  1  made  an  exploration 
to  the  Nadouecionx  jieojile  until  Fort  Saint  .lo- 
sejih  was  established  by  order  of  the  Monsieur 
Mar(|uis  Denonville.  (Jovernor  (ieneral,  at  the 
heail  of  tlie  Detroit  of  Lake  Erie,  which  is  in  the 
Irocpiois  country,  and  which  I  had  the  honor  to 
command.  During  this  jieriod.  I  have  seen  that 
the  trade  In  eau-de-vie  (brandy)  jiroduced  great 
disoriler.  the  father  killing  the  son.  and  the  son 
throwing  his  mother  into  the  lire:  and  I  maintain 
llial.  morally  sjieaking.  it  is  imiiossible  to  exiiort 
brandy  to  the  woods  and  distant  missions,  with- 
out danger  of  its  leailing  to  misery." 

(iovenior  Frontena<'.  in  an  expediljon  against 
the  Oneidas  of  New  ^'ork.  arrived  at  Fort  Fron- 
tenac. on  the  l!ith  of  .Iul> .  Hill."),  and  Captain  I)u 
Liilh   uas  left  in  coiiiniaii<l  with  forty  soliliers, 


BV  LUTH  AFFLICTED  WITH  GOUT. 


17 


ancl  masons  and  carpenters,  with  orders  to  erect 
new  buildings.  In  about  four  ■weeks  he  erected 
a  biiilduig  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  in  length, 
containing  officers'  quarters,  store-rooms,  a  bakery 
and  a  chapel.  Early  in  1G07  he  was  still  in  com- 
mand of  the  post,  and  in  a  report  it  is  mentioned 
that  "  everybody  was  then  in  good  health,  except 
Captain  Dvillmt  the  commander,  who  was  imwell 
of  the  gout." 

It  was  just  before  this  period,  that  as  a  member 
of  the  Koman  Catholic  Clnufh.  he  was  firmly 
impressed  that  he  had  been  helped  by  prayers 
which  he  addressed  to  a  deceased  Irociuois  girl, 
who  had  died  in  tlie  odor  of  sanctity,  and,  as  a 
thank  offering,  signed  the  following  certificate  : 
"I,  the  subscriber,  certify  to  all  whom  it  may 
concern,  that  having  been  tormented  by  the  gout, 
for  the  space  of  twenty-three  years,  and  w  ilh  such 


severe  pains,  that  it  gave  me  no  rest  for  the  spac 
of  three  months  at  a  time,  I  addressed  myself  to 
Catherine  Tegahkouita,  an  Iroquois  virgin  de- 
ceased at  the  Sault  Samt  Louis,  in  the  reputation 
of  sanctity,  and  I  promised  her  to  visit  her  tomb, 
if  God  should  give  me  health,  through  her  uiter- 
cession.  I  have  been  as  perfectly  cured  at  the 
end  of  one  novena,  which  I  made  in  her  honor, 
tliat  after  five  months,  I  have  not  perceived  the 
slightest  touch  of  my  gout.  Given  at  Fort  Fron- 
tenac,  tliis  ISth  day  of  August,  1696." 

As  soon  as  cold  weather  returned,  his  old  mal- 
ady again  appeared.  Ilediedearlyin  A.  I).  1710. 
Marquis  de  Vaudreuil,  (iovernor  of  Canada,  un- 
der date  of  first  of  May  of  that  year,  wrote  to 
Count  Pontchartrain,  Colonial  ]SIinister  at  Paris, 
"  Captain  I)u  Lud  died  this  winter.  lie  was  a 
very  honest  man." 


18 


EXl'LUliEIiS  AXD  PIOSEERS  OF  MIXKESOTA. 


CHAPTER  IT 


FIRST  -tt'inTB  3rEN  AT  FALLS  OF  SAINT  ANTHONY  OF  PADUA. 


falls  of  St.  Anthony  Vi»il<-'1  l.y  Vrhitf  Mfn.-U  Salle  Givntho  First  Description 
of  I'lipw  Mi!oi»i!i|il>i  Vnlloy.— Accault,  Iho  Uadcr,  Accompanied  V.y  AuccUc 
«nd  Hcnneiiin.  lit  Falls  of  Saint  Antliony.— Hennepin  Declared  UnrcliaUo  by 
U  Salle.-Hi»  Early  Ufe.-His  FiRt  Book  Criticised  by  Abbe  Beruou  and 
Tronson.  —  Deceplivc  Map.  —  Firrt  Mcetins  with  SiouM.;— Astonislimcnt  at 
Readine  His  Bteviar)'. -Sioux  Name  for  fiuns— Aecault  and  Kcunepin  at 
Uke  Pepln.-U-ave  the  KiviT  B.h.iv  Saint  Paul.-Al  Millc  Lacs.-A  Sweating 
Cabin.-Sioux  Wonder  at  Mariner's  Conipasj.-Fears  of  an  Iron  Pot.— Making 
a  Dictionary.-Iurant  Baptised- Route  to  the  Pacific-Hennepin  Descends 
Rum  River.-  rin.t  Visit  to  Fiills  of  Saint  Anthony. -On  a  Buffalo  Hunt.— Meets 
Du  Luth.-Retums  to  Mille  Uc».— With  Du  Uth  at  F.illsofSt.  Anthony.— 
Retnrns  to  France.— Sulisequent  Life.- His  Books  Examined.— Denies  in  First 
B(..k  His  Descent  to  the  (;ulf  of  Mexico.— Di»i)Ute  with  Du  Luth  at  Falls  of  St, 
Anthony-PalronaEO  of  Du  Luth.— Tril>ute  to  Du  Lnth.— Hennepin's  Answer 
to  Cnticiims.- Denounced  by  Dllierville  and  Father  Oravicr.- Residence  in 
Rome. 

In  the  summer  of  1(580,  Michael  Accault  ( Ako), 
Ileiuit'piii.  the  Piaiicisoau  iiiissiimaiy.  Augelle, 
Uu  Luth,  and  Fafl'art  all  visited  the  Falls  of 
Saint  Anthony. 

Tlie  first  dcscTijitioii  of  the  valley  of  the  upper 
Mississippi  was  written  lay  La  Salle,  at  Fort 
Frontenac,  on  Lake  Ontario,  on  the  22d  of  Au- 
gust. 1(JK2.  a  month  before  Hennepin,  in  Paris, 
obtained  a  license  to  ))riut,  and  some  time  before 
the  Franciscan's  first  work,  was  issued  from  the 
press. 

La  Salle's  knowledge  must  have  been  received 
from  Michael  Accault.  tlie  leader  of  the  expedi- 
tion, Augelle,  his  comrade,  or  tlie  clerical  attache, 
the  Franciscan.  Hennepin. 

It  differs  fmiii  nciiiiciiiirs  narrative  in  its  free- 
dom from  bombast,  ami  if  its  slateiiiciits  are  to 
be  credited,  the  Fianciscan  must  be  looked  on  as 
one  given  to  exaggeration.  The  careful  student, 
however,  soon  learns  to  be  cautious  in  receiving 
the  Ktatemenl  of  any  of  the  early  explorers  and 
ecclesiastics  of  the  Northwest.  The  Franciscan 
depreciated  tlie  Jesuit  missionary,  and  La  Salle 
<lid  not  hesitate  to  misrepresent  I)ii  Liitli  and 
others  for  his  own  (exaltation.  La  Salle  makes 
statements  which  we  deem  to  be  wide  of  the 
truth  wlicii  his  prcjiidicfs  are  aiDiisfd. 

At  the  very  time  that  the  Intciiilaiil  of  .Iiistice 
in  Canada  is  crmiplaining  that  (Jovemor  Fronte- 
nac  is  a  friend  and  correspondent  of  Du  Lulli, 


La  Salle  writes  to  his  friends  in  Paris.  thatBu 
Luth  is  looked  upon  as  an  outlaw  by  the  governor. 

"While  othcial  documents  prove  that  Du  Luth 
was  in  Minnesota  a  year  before  Accault  and  asso- 
ciates, yet  La  Salle  writes:  "  Moreover,  the  Na- 
donesioux  is  not  a  region  which  he  has  discov- 
ered. It  is  known  that  it  was  discovered  a  long 
timeliefore,  and  that  the  Pev.  Father  Henneiiin 
and  Michael  Accault  were  there  before  him." 

La  Salle  in  this  communication  describes  Ac- 
cault as  one  well  acquainted  with  the  language 
and  names  of  the  Indians  of  the  Illinois  region, 
and  also  "  cool,  brave,  and  prudent,"  and  the  head 
of  the  party  of  explfiraliim. 

We  now  proceeil  w  illi  the  first  description  of 
the  country  above  the  Wisconsin,  to  which  is 
given,  for  the  first  and  only  time,  by  any  writer, 
the  Sioux  name,  Meschetz  Odeba,  perhaps  in- 
tended for  :SIeslideke  "Wakpa.  Piver  of  the  Foxes. 

He  describes  the  I'ppcr  :SIississippi  in  these 
words  :  "  Following  the  windings  of  the  Missis- 
sijipi,  they  found  the  river  Ouisconsing,  AViscon- 
siug,  or  Meschetz  Odeba,  which  Hows  between 
Bay  of  Puaiis  and  the  (iraiul  river.  *  *  *  About 
twenty-three  or  twenty-four  leagues  to  the  ntuth 
or  northwest  of  the  mouth  of  the  Ouisconsing. 
*  *  *  they  fouiiil  tlie  I'.lack  river,  called  by  the 
Nadouesioux,  Chabadeba  IChiijia  W;ikpa,  Beaver 
river]  not  very  large,  the  month  of  which  is  bor- 
dered on  the  two  shores  \<\  iiMcrs. 

"  Ascending  about  lliii  ty  leagues,  almost  at  the 
same  point  of  the  compass,  is  the  Buffalo  river 
[Chippewa],  as  large  at  its  mouth  as  that  of  the 
Illinois.  They  follow  it  ten  or  twelve  leagues, 
where  it  is  deep,  sniiill  iiml  without  rapids,  bor- 
dered by  hills  which  widen  out  from  time  to  time 
to  form  prairies." 

About  threeo'clock  in  the  afternoon  of  the  lUh 
of  Ajiril.  lliKO.  the  travelers  were  met  Iwy  a  war 
parly  of  one  hiimlred  Sioux  in  thirty-three  birch 
bark  canoes.     •■  Michael   Accault,  who  was  the 


HENNEPIN  CRITICISED  BY  LA  SALLE. 


19 


leader,"  says  La  Salle,  "  presented  tlie  Calumet." 
The  Indians  were  presented  by  Accault  witli 
twenty  knives  and  a  fathom  and  a  half  of  tobacco 
and  some  goods.  Proceeding  with  the  Indians 
ten  days,  on  the  22d  of  April  the  isles  in  the  Mis- 
sissippi were  reached,  where  the  Sioux  had  killed 
some  Maskoutens,  and  they  halted  to  weep  over 
the  death  of  two  of  their  own  number ;  and  to 
assuage  their  grief,  Accault  gave  them  in  trade  a 
box  of  goods  and  twenty-four  hatchets. 

When  they  were  eight  leagues  below  the  Falls 
of  Saint  Anthony,  they  resolved  to  go  by  land  to 
their  village,  sixty  leagues  distant.  Tliey  were 
well  received ;  the  only  strife  among  the  villages 
was  that  which  resulted  from  the  desire  to  have 
a  Frenchman  in  their  midst.  La  Salle  also  states 
that  it  was  not  correct  to  give  the  impression  that 
Du  Lnth  had  rescued  his  men  frt)m  captivity,  for 
they  could  not  be  properly  called  prisoners. 

He  continues:  "In  going  up  the  Mississippi 
again,  frn-enty  leagues  above  that  river  [Saint 
CroixJ  is  found  the  falls,  which  those  I  sent,  and 
who  passing  there  first,  named  Saint  Anthony. 
It  is  thirty  or  forty  feet  high,  and  the  river  is  nar- 
rower here  than  elsewhere.  There  is  a  small 
island  in  the  midst  of  the  chute,  and  the  two 
banks  of  the  river  are  not  bordered  by  high  hills, 
which  gradually  diminish  at  this  point,  but  the 
country  on  each  side  is  covered  witli  thin  woods, 
such  as  oaks  and  other  hard  woods,  scattered  wide 
apart. 

"The  canoes  were  carried  three  or  four  hun- 
dred steps,  and  eight  leagues  above  was  found 
the  west  [east?]  bank  of  the  river  of  the  Nadoue- 
sioux,  ending  in  a  lake  named  Issati,  which  ex- 
pands into  a  great  marsh,  where  the  wild  rice 
grows  toward  the  mouth." 

In  the  latter  part  of  his  letter  La  Salle  uses  the 
following  language  relative  to  his  old  chaplain: 

"  1  believed  that  it  was  appropriate  to  make  for 
you  the  narrative  of  the  adventures  of  this  canoe, 
because  I  doubt  not  that  they  will  speak  of  it,  and 
if  you  wish  to  confer  with  the  Father  Louis  Hen- 
nepin, llecollect,  who  has  returned  to  France,  you 
must  know  him  a  little,  because  he  will  not  fail 
to  exaggerate  all  things;  it  is  his  character,  and 
to  me  he  has  written  as  if  he  were  about  to  be 
burned  when  he  was  not  even  in  danger,  but  he 
believes  that  it  is  honorable  to  act  in  tliis  niaiuicr. 


and  he  speaks  more  conformalily  to  that  which 
he  wishes  than  to  that  which  he  knows." 

Hennepin  was  bom  in  Ath,  an  inland  to^-n  of 
the  Netherlands.  From  boyhood  he  longed  to 
visit  foreign  lands,  and  it  is  not  to  be  wondered 
at  that  he  assumed  the  priest's  garb,  for  next  to 
the  soldier's  life,  it  suited  one  of  wandering  pro- 
pensities. 

At  one  time  he  is  on  a  begging  expedition  to 
some  of  the  towns  on  the  sea  coast.  In  a  few 
months  he  occupies  the  post  of  chaplain  at  an 
hospital,  where  he  shrives  the  dying  and  admin- 
isters extreme  unction.  From  the  quiet  of  the 
hospital  he  proceeds  to  the  camp,  and  is  present 
at  the  battle  of  Seneffe,  which  occurred  in  the 
year  1674. 

His  whole  mind,  from  the  time  that  he  became 
a  priest,  appears  to  have  been  on  ■•  things  seen 
and  temporal,"  rather  than  on  those  that  are  "  un- 
seen and  eternal."  While  on  duty  at  some  of  the 
ports  of  the  Straits  of  Dover,  he  exliibited  the 
characteristic  of  an  ancient  Athenian  more  than 
that  of  a  professed  successor  of  the  Apostles. 
lie  sought  out  the  society  of  strangers  "  who 
spent  their  time  in  nothing  else  but  either  to  tell 
or  to  hear  some  new  thing."  With  pert'ect  non- 
chalance he  confesses  that  notwithstanding  the 
nauseatmg  fumes  of  tobacco,  he  used  to  slip  be- 
hind the  doors  of  sailors'  taverns,  and  spend  days, 
without  regard  to  the  loss  of  his  meals,  listening 
to  the  adventures  and  hair-breadth  escapes  of  the 
mariners  in  lands  beyond  the  sea. 

In  the  year  1676,  he  received  a  welcome  order 
from  his  Superior,  requiring  him  to  embark  for 
Canada.  Unaccustomed  to  the  world,  and  arbi- 
trary hi  his  disposition,  he  rendered  the  cabin  of 
the  ship  in  which  he  sailed  any  thing  but  heav- 
enly. As  in  modern  days,  the  passengers  in  a 
vessel  to  the  new  world  were  composed  of  hete- 
rogeneous materials.  There  were  young  women 
going  out  in  search  for  brothers  or  husbands,  ec- 
clesiastics, and  those  engaged  in  the  then  new, 
but  profitable,  commerce  in  furs.  One  of  his 
fellow  passengers  was  the  talented  and  enterpri- 
prising,  though  unfortunate.  La  Salle,  with  whom 
lie  was  afterwards  associated.  If  he  is  to  be 
creilited,  his  intercourse  with  La  Salle  was  not 
very  pleasant  on  ship-board.  The  young  women, 
tired  of  being  cooped  up  in  the  narrow  accommo- 
dations of  the  ship,  when  tlie  evening  was  fair 


20 


EXPLOEERS  AXD  PIOXEEES  OF  ^nXXESOlA. 


soiiglit  the  der-k.  and  eiiRaperl  in  the  rude  dances 
of  the  French  peasantry  of  tliat  age.  Hennepin, 
feeling  that  it  was  improper,  began  to  assume 
the  air  of  tlie  priest,  and  forliade  the  sport.  La 
Salle,  feeling  that  his  interference  was  vnicalled 
for,  called  him  a  pedant,  and  took  the  side  of  the 
girls,  and  during  the  voyage  there  were  stormy 
discussions. 

Good  humor  appeare  to  have  been  restored 
when  they  left  the  ship,  for  Hennepin  would  oth- 
erwise have  not  been  the  companion  of  La  Salle 
in  his  great  western  journey. 

So.iourning  for  a  short  period  at  Quebec,  the 
adventure-loving  Pranciscan  is  permitted  to  go 
to  a  mission  station  on  or  near  tlte  site  of  the 
present  town  of  Kingston,  Canada  West. 

Here  there  was  much  to  gratify  his  love  of 
novelty,  and  he  passed  considerable  time  in  ram- 
bling among  the  Iroquois  of  Xew  York.  In  1678 
he  returned  to  (^)uebec,  and  was  orilered  to  join 
the  expedition  of  Robert  La  Salle. 

On  the  (5th  of  December  Father  Hennepin  and 
a  portion  of  the  exploring  party  had  entered  the 
Niagara  river.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  Falls,  the 
winter  was  passed,  and  while  tlie  artisans  were 
preparing  a  ship  above  the  Falls,  to  navigate  the 
great  lakes,  the  Recollect  whiled  away  the  hours, 
in  studying  the  maimers  and  customs  of  Ihe  Sen- 
eca Indians,  and  in  admiring  the  sublimest  han- 
diwork of  God  on  the  globe. 

On  the  7lh  of  .Vugust,  HiTlt,  the  ship  being 
completely  rigged,  unfurled  its  sails  to  the  breezes 
of  Lake  Erie.  The  vessel  was  named  the  "  Grif- 
fin." ill  honor  of  the  arms  of  Frontenac.  (Governor 
of  Canada,  tlie  lirst  ship  of  European  construc- 
tion tliat  had  ever  ploughed  the  waters  of  the 
great  inland  seas  of  Xorth  America. 

After  encountering  a  violent  and  dangerous 
storm  on  one  of  the  lakes,  during  which  they  had 
given  up  all  hope  of  escaping  .shipwreck,  on  the 
L'Tth  of  the  nmiitli,  they  were  safely  moored  in 
the  haibor  of  ■■  Missiliniackinack."  From  thence 
the  party  proceeded  to  Green  Bay,  wliere  they 
left  the  ship,  procured  canoes,  and  continued 
along  llie  coast  of  Lake  Michigan.  Hy  the  mid- 
dle r)f  .lauuaiT.  lliHl.  La  Salle  had  conducted  his 
exi)edition  to  the  Illinois  River,  and,  on  an  emi- 
nence ne^r  Lake  Peoria,  he  commenced,  witli 
much  Iieaviness  of  heart,  the  ere<1ii)ii  of  a  fort. 


which  he   called  ('reveca?ur.  on  account  of  the 
many  disappointments  he  had  exiierienced. 

On  the  last  of  February.  .Vccanlt.  .Vugelle.  and 
Hennepin  left  to  ascend  the  ilississipi)i. 

The  lirst  work  bearing  the  name  of  the  Rev- 
erend Father  Louis  Hennepin,  Franciscan  Mis- 
sionary of  the  Recollect  order,  was  entitled,  "  De- 
scription de  la  Louisiane,"  and  in  1683  published 
in  Paris. 

As  soon  as  the  book  appeared  it  was  criticised. 
Abbe  Beniou.  on  the  29th  of  February.  1684, 
writes  from  Rome  about  the  '-italtry  book"(mes- 
hcant  livrei  of  Fallier  Hennepin.  About  a  year 
before  the  pious  Tronson.  under  date  of  March 
13, 1683,  wrote  to  a  friend:  "  I  have  interviewed 
the  P.  Recollect,  who  pirtench  to  have  descended 
the  Mississippi  river  to  the  liulf  of  Mexico.  1  do 
not  know  that  one  will  belkve  what  lie  spcukii  any 
more  than  that  which  is  in  the  printed  relation  of 
P.  Louis,  whicli  I  send  you  that  you  may  make 
your  own  rellections." 

On  the  map  accompanying  his  lirst  book,  he 
boldly  marks  a  Recollect  ^Mission  many  miles 
north  of  tlie  point  he  had  visited.  In  the  I'trecht 
edition  of  1697  this  deliberate  fraud  is  erased. 

Throughout  the  work  he  assumes,  that  he  was 
the  leader  of  the  expedition,  and  magiiilies  trilles 
into  tragedies.  For  instance,  Mr.  La  Salle  writes 
that  ilichael  Accault,  also  written  Ako,  who  was 
the  leader,  presented  the  Sioux  with  the  calu- 
met ;■■  but  Hennepin  makes  the  occurrence  more 
formidable. 

He  writes  :  "  Our  prayers  were  heard,  w  hen  on 
the  nth  of  April,  1680,  about  two  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  we  suddenly  iierceived  thirty -three 
bark  canoes  maimed  by  a  hundred  and  twenty 
Indians  coming  dowii  with  very  great  speed,  on  a 
war  party,  against  the  ]\Iiainis,  Illinois  and  .Mani- 
as. These  Indians  surrounded  us,  and  while  at 
a  distance,  discharged  some  arrows  at  us,  but  as 
they  approached  our  canoe,  the  old  men  seeing  us 
with  the  calumet  of  jieace  in  our  hands,  prevent- 
ed the  young  men  from  killing  us.  These  sava- 
ges leaping  from  their  canoes,  some  on  land, 
others  into  the  water,  with  frightful  cries  and 
yells  aiiiHoached  us,  and  as  wo  niadfc  no  resist- 
ance, being  only  three  against  so  great  a  number, 
one  of  them  wrenched  our  callimet  from  our 
hands,  while  oni-  canoe  and  theirs  were  tied  to 
tlie  shore.     W'f  lirst  |ire.seiilcd  to  tliciu  a  Jijcce  of 


HUA'JVEPIN'S  DIFFICULTY  WITH  PRAYER-BOOK. 


21 


French  tobacco,  better  for  smoking  than  theirs- 
and  the  eldest  among  them  uttered  tlie  words' 
"  Mlamiha,  Miamiha." 

"As  we  did  not  understand  tlieir  language,  we 
took  a  little  stick,  and  by  signs  which  we  made 
on  the  sand,  showed  them  that  tlieir  enemies,  the 
^liamis,  whom  they  sought,  had  fled  across  the 
river  Colbert  [JSIississippi]  to  johi  the  Ishuois ; 
when  they  saw  themselves  discovered  and  unable 
to  surprise  their  enemies,  three  or  four  old  men 
laying  theu'  hands  on  my  head,  wept  in  a  mourn- 
ful tone. 

"  With  a  spare  handkerchief  I  had  left  I  \rtped 
away  their  tears,  but  they  would  not  smoke  our 
Calumet.  They  made  us  cross  the  river  with 
great  cries,  while  all  shouted  with  tears  in  their 
eyes ;  they  made  us  row  before  them,  and  we 
heard  yells  capable  of  striking  the  most  resolute 
with  terror.  After  landing  our  canoe  and  goods, 
part  of  which  had  already  been  taken,  we  made  a 
lire  to  boil  our  kettle,  and  we  gave  them  two  large 
wild  turkeys  which  we  had  killed.  These  Indians 
having  called  an  assembly  to  deliberate  what  they 
were  to  do  with  us,  the  two -head  chiefs  of  the 
party  approaching,  showed  us  by  signs  that  the 
warriors  wished  to  tomahawk  us.  Tlus  com- 
pelled me  to  go  to  the  war  chiefs  with  one  young 
man,  leaving  the  other  by  our  property,  and 
throw  into  their  midst  six  axes,  flfteen  knives 
and  six  fathom  of  our  lilack  tobacco;  and  then 
bringing  down  my  head,  I  showed  them  with  au 
axe  that  they  might  kill  me.  if  they  thought 
proper.  This  present  appeased  man>-  individual 
members,  who  gave  us  some  beaver  to  eat,  put- 
ting the  three  tirst  morsels  into  out  mouths,  accor- 
dmg  to  the  custom  of  the  coiuitry,  and  Ijlowing  on 
the  meat,  which  was  too  hot,  before  putthig  the 
bark  dish  before  us  to  let  us  eat  as  we  liked.  We 
spent  the  night  in  anxiety,  because,  before  reti- 
ring at  night,  they  had  returned  us  our  peace 
calumet. 

"  Our  two  boatmen  were  resolved  to  sell  their 
lives  dearly,  and  to  resist  if  attacked  ;  their  arms 
and  swords  were  ready.  As  for  my  own  part,  I 
determined  to  allow  myself  to  be  killed  without 
any  resistance  ;  as  I  was  going  to  announce  to 
them  a  God  who  had  been  foully  accused,  un- 
justly condemned,  and  cruelly  crucilied,  without 
showing  the  least  aversion  to  those  wlio  ])ut  him 
to  death.    We  watched  in  turu,  in  our  anxiety, 


so  as  not  to  be  surprised  asleep.  The  next  morn- 
ing, a  chief  named  Narrhetoba  asked  for  the 
peace  calumet,  lilled  it  with  \\illow  bark,  and  all 
smoked.  It  was  then  signilied  that  the  white 
men  were  to  return  with  them  to  then-  villages." 

In  his  narrative  the  Franciscan  remarks,  "  I 
foiuid  it  difficidt  to  say  my  office  before  these 
Indians.  j\iany  seeing  me  move  my  lips,  said  in 
a  fierce  tone,  '  Ouakanche.'  Michael,  all  out  of 
countenance,  told  me,  that  if  I  continued  to  say 
my  breviary,  we  should  all  three  be  killed,  and 
the  Picard  begged  me  at  least  to  pray  apart,  so  as 
not  to  provoke  them.  I  followed  the  latter's 
advice,  but  the  more  I  concealed  myself  the  more 
I  had  the  Indians  at  my  heels ;  for  when  I  en- 
tered the  wood,  they  thought  I  was  going  to  hide 
some  goods  under  ground,  so  that  I  knew  not  on 
what  side  to  turn  to  pray,  for  they  never  let  me 
out  of  sight.  This  obliged  me  to  beg  pardon  of 
my  canoe -men,  assuring  them  I  could  not  dis- 
pense with  saying  my  office.  By  the  word,  '  Ou- 
akanche,' the  Indians  meant  that  the  book  I  was 
reading  was  a  spirit,  but  by  their  gesture  they 
nevertheless  showed  a  kind  of  aversion,  so  that 
to  accustom  them  to  it,  I  chanted  the  litany  of 
the  Blessed  A'irgin  in  the  canoe,  with  my  book 
opened.  They  thought  that  the  breviary  was  a 
spirit  which  taught  me  to  sing  for  their  diversion ; 
for  these  people  are  naturally  fond  of  singing." 

Tills  is  the  first  mention  of  a  Dahkotah  word 
in  a  European  book.  The  savages  were  annoyed 
rather  tliau  enraged,  at  seeing  the  white  man 
reading  a  book,  and  exclaimed,  "  Wakan-de  !" 
this  is  wonderful  or  supernatural.  The  war 
party  was  composed  of  several  bands  of  the  M'de- 
wahkantouwan  Dahkotahs,  and  there  was  a  di- 
versity of  opinion  in  relation  to  the  disposition 
that  should  be  made  of  the  white  men.  The 
relatives  of  those  who  liad  l)eeii  killed  by  the 
Miamis,  were  in  favor  of  taking  their  scalps,  but 
others  were  anxious  to  retain  the  favor  of  the 
French,  and  open  a  trading  intercourse. 

Perceiving  one  of  the  canoe-men  shoot  a  wild 
turkey,  they  called  the  gun,  "  Manza  Ouackange," 
iron  that  has  understanding;  more  correctly, 
"  Maza  Wakande,"  this  is  the  supernatural  metal. 

Aquipaguetin,  one  of  the  head  men,  resorted 
to  the  following  device  to  obtain  merchandise. 
Says  the  Father,  "  This  wily  savage  had  the 
bones  of  some  distinguished  relative,  which  ho 


22 


"EXFLOBEBS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


presented  with  great  care  iii  some  skins  dressed 
and  adorned  with  several  rows  of  black  and  red 
porcupine  (luills.  From  time  to  time  he  assem- 
l)led  liis  men  to  give  it  a  smoke,  and  made  us 
come  several  days  to  cover  the  bones  with  goods, 
and  by  a  present  wipe  away  the  tears  he  had  shed 
for  him.  and  for  his  own  son  killed  by  the  Miamis. 
To  appease  this  captious  man,  we  threw  on  the 
bones  several  fathoms  of  tobacco,  axes,  knives, 
beads,  and  some  black  ;inil  white  wampum  brace- 
lets. *  *  *  We  slept  at  the  point  of  the  Lake 
of  Tears  [Lake  Pepin],  which  we  so  called  from 
the  tears  wliich  this  chief  shed  all  night  long,  or 
by  one  of  liis  sons  A\hom  he  caused  to  weep  when 
he  grew  tired." 

The  next  day,  after  four  or  five  leagues'  sail,  a 
chief  came,  and  telling  them  to  leave  their  canoes, 
he  pulled  up  three  piles  of  grass  for  seats.  Then 
taking  a  piece  of  cedar  full  of  httle  holes,  he 
placed  a  stick  into  one,  whicli  he  revolved  between 
the  palms  of  his  hands,  until  he  kindled  a  fire, 
and  informed  the  Frendimen  that  they  would  be 
at  MiWe  Lac  in  six  days.  On  the  nineteenth  day 
after  their  captivity,  they  arrived  in  the  vicinity 
of  Saint  I'aul.  not  far,  it  is  jnobable,  from  the 
marshy  ground  on  which  the  Kaposia  band  once 
lived,  and  now  called  Pig's  Eye. 

The  journal  remarks.  "  Having  arrived  on  the 
ninetecntli  day  of  our  navigation,  live  leagues 
below  .St.  Anthony's  Falls,  these  Indians  landed 
us  in  a  bay,  broke  our  canoe  to  pieces,  and  se- 
creted tlieir  own  in  the  reeds." 

They  then  fdllowed  the  trail  to  Mille  Lac,  sixty 
leagues  distant.  As  they  approached  their  villa- 
ges, the  various  bands  began  to  show  their  spoils. 
The  tobacco  was  liigldy  prized,  and  led  to  some 
contention.  Tlie  clialic(!  of  the  Father,  which 
glistened  in  the  sun,  tliey  were  afraid  to  touch, 
sui)posing  it  was  "wakan."  After  five  days' 
walk  tliey  reached  the  Issati  IDahkolnh]  settle- 
ments in  tlie  valley  of  the  Uiun  or  Knife  river. 
The  different  bands  each  conducted  a  Frenchman 
to  tlieir  village,  tlie  chief  Aipiipaguetin  taking 
charge  of  Hennepin.  After  man  liiiig  througli 
llie  niarslies  towards  the  sources  of  Uum  river, 
live  wives  of  'he  chief,  in  three  bark  canoes,  met 
them  and  look  tlieni  a  short  league  to  an  island 
wliere  their  cabins  were. 

An  aged  Indian  kiiidly  nibbed  down  tlie  way- 
worn  Franciscan;   placing  him  on  a  bear-skui 


near  the  fire,  he  anointed  his  legs  and  the  soles 
of  his  feet  with  wildcat  oil. 

The  son  of  the  chief  took  great  pleasure  in  car- 
rying upon  his  bare  back  the  priest's  robe  with 
dead  meu"s  bones  enveloped.  It  was  called  Pere 
Louis  Chinnen.  In  the  Dahkotah  language  Shln- 
na  or  Shinnan  signifies  a  buffalo  robe. 

Hennepiiis  description  of  his  hfe  on  the  island 
is  in  these  words  : 

"  The  day  after  our  arrival,  Aquipaguetin,  who 
was  the  head  of  a  large  family,  covered  me  with 
a  robe  made  of  ten  large  dressed  beaver  skins, 
trimmed  with  porcupine  quills.  This  Indian 
showed  me  five  or  six  of  his  wives,  telling  them, 
as  I  afterwards  learned,  that  they  shoul''  in  fu- 
ture regard  me  as  one  of  their  children. 

"  He  set  before  me  a  bark  dish  fidl  of  fish,  and 
seeing  that  I  could  not  rise  from  the  ground,  he 
had  a  small  sweating-cabin  made,  in  which  he 
made  me  enter  ■with  four  Indians.  This  cabin  he 
covered  with  buffalo  skins,  and  inside  he  put 
stones  red-hot.  He  made  me  a  sign  to  do  as  the 
others  before  beginning  to  sweat,  but  I  merely 
concealed  my  nakedness  with  a  handkerchief. 
As  soon  as  tliese  Indians  had  several  times 
breathed  out  quite  violently,  he  began  to  sing  vo- 
ciferously, the  others  putting  their  hands  on  me 
and  ndjbing  me  while  they  wept  bitterly.  I  be- 
gan to  faint,  but  I  came  out  and  could  scarcely 
take  my  habit  to  put  on.  'When  he  made  me 
sweat  thus  three  times  a  week,  I  felt  as  strong  as 
ever." 

The  mariner's  compass  was  a  constant  source 
of  wonder  and  aiiiazcmcnt.  Atiuipaguetin  hav- 
ing assembled  the  braves,  would  ask  Hennepin 
to  sliow  his  conljiass.  Perceiving  that  the  needle 
turned,  the  chief  harangued  his  men,  and  told 
them  that  the  Europeans  were  spirits,  capable  of 
doing  any  thing. 

In  the  Franciscan's  possession  was  an  iron  pot 
with  feet  like  lions",  which  the  Indians  would  not 
touch  unless  their  hands  were  wrapped  in  buffalo 
skins.  The  women  looked  ii)>on  it  as  "wakan," 
and  would  not  enter  the  cabin  where  it  was. 

"  The  chiefs  of  these  savages,  seeing  that  I  was 
desirous  to  learn,  freciuently  made  me  write, 
naiiiliig  all  tlie  parts  of  the  liiiiiiau  body  ;  and  as 
I  would  not  imt  on  paper  certain  indelicate  words, 
at  which  they  do  not  blush,  they  were  heartily 
amused." 


HENNHPll^^S  VISIT  TO  F^LLLS  OF  SAINT  ANTHONY. 


23 


They  often  asked  the  Franciscan  questions,  to 
answer  whicli  it  was  necessary  to  refer  to  his  lex- 
icon. Tliis  appeared  very  strange,  and,  as  they 
had  no  word  for  paper,  tliey  said,  "  Tliat  white 
thing  must  be  a  spirit  whlcli  tells  Pere  Louis  all 
we  say." 

Hennepin  remarks  :  "  Tliese  Intlians  often 
asked  me  how  many  wives  and  children  I  had, 
and  how  old  I  was,  that  is,  how  many  winters ; 
for  so  these  natives  always  count.  Xever  illu- 
mined by  the  Ught  of  faith,  they  were  surprised 
at  my  answer.  Pointing  to  our  two  Frenchmen, 
whom  I  was  then  visiting,  at  a  point  three  leagues 
from  our  village,  I  told  them  that  a  man  among 
us  could  only  have  one  wife ;  that  as  for  me,  I 
had  promised  the  Master  of  life  to  live  as  they 
saw  me,  and  to  come  and  live  with  them  to  teach 
them  to  be  like  the  French. 

"  But  that  gross  people,  till  then  lawless  and 
faithless,  turned  all  I  said  into  ridicule.  '  How," 
said  they,  '  would  you  have  these  two  men  with 
thee  have  wives?  Ours  would  not  live  with  them. 
for  they  have  hair  all  over  their  face,  and  we  have 
none  there  or  elsewhere.'  In  fact,  they  were 
never  better  pleased  with  me  than  when  I  was 
shaved,  and  from  a  complaisance,  certamly  not 
criminal,  I  shaved  every  week. 

"  As  often  as  I  went  to  visit  the  cabins,  I  found 
a  sick  child,  whose  father's  name  was  Mamenisi. 
Michael  Ako  would  not  accompany  me ;  the 
Picard  dii  Gay  alone  followed  me  to  act  as  spon- 
sor, or.  rather,  to  witness  the  baptism. 

"  I  christened  the  child  Antohiette,  in  honor  of 
St.  Anthony  of  Padua,  as  well  as  for  the  Picard's 
name,  which  was  Anthony  Auguelle.  He  was  a 
native  of  Amiens,  and  nephew  of  the  Procurator- 
General  of  the  Premonstratensians  both  now  at 
Paris.  Having  poured  natural  water  on  the  head 
and  uttered  tliese  words  :  '  Creature  of  God,  I 
baptize  thee  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  of 
tlie  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost,'  I  took  half  an 
altar  cloth  which  I  had  vn-ested  from  the  hands 
^f  an  Indian  who  liad  stolen  it  from  me,  and  put 
it  on  the  body  of  the  baptized  child;  for  as  I 
could  not  say  mass  for  want  of  wine  and  vest^ 
ihents,  this  piece  of  linen  eoidd  not  be  put  to  bet- 
ter use  than  to  enshroud  the  first  Christian  child 
among  these  tribes.  I  do  not  know  whether  tlie 
softness  of  the  linen  had  refreshed  her,  but  she 
was  the  next  day  smiling  in  her  mother's  arms, 


who  believed  that  I  had  cured  the  chUd ;  but  she 
died  soon  after,  to  my  great  consolation. 

'•  During  my  stay  among  them,  there  arrived 
foiu-  savages,  who  said  they  were  come  alone  five 
himtUed  leagues  from  the  west,  and  had  been  four 
months  upon  the  way.  They  assured  us  there 
was  no  such  place  as  the  Straits  of  Anian,  and 
that  they  had  traveled  without  resting,  except  to 
sleep,  and  had  not  seen  or  passed  over  any  great 
lake,  by  which  phrase  they  always  mean  the  sea. 

"  They  further  informed  us  that  the  nation  of 
the  Assenipoulacs  [Assiniboines]  who  lie  nortli- 
east  of  Issati,  was  not  above  six  or  seven  days' 
journey ;  that  none  of  the  nations,  within  their 
knowledge,  who  he  to  the  east  or  northwest,  had 
any  great  lake  about  their  countries,  wliicli  were 
very  large,  but  only  rivers,  which  came  from  the 
north.  Tliey  further  assured  us  that  there  were 
very  few  forests  in  tlie  countries  through  which 
they  passed,  insomuch  that  now  and  then  they 
were  forced  to  make  fires  of  buffaloes'  dung  to 
boil  their  food.  All  these  circumstances  make  it 
appear  that  there  is  no  such  place  as  the  Straits 
of  Anian,  as  we  usually  see  them  set  down  on  the 
maps.  And  whatever  efforts  have  been  made  for 
many  yearn  past  by  the  EngUsli  and  Dutch,  to 
find  out  a  passage  to  the  Frozen  Sea,  they  have 
not  yet  been  able  to  effect  it.  But  by  the  help  of 
my  discovery  aud  tlie  assistance  of  God.  I  doubt 
not  but  a  passage  may  still  be  found,  and  that  an 
easy  one  too. 

'•  For  example,  we  may  be  transported  into  the 
Pacific  Sea  by  rivers  wliich  are  large  and  capable 
of  carrying  great  vessels,  and  frmn  thence  it  is 
very  easy  to  go  to  China  and  Japan,  loithoiU  cross- 
ing the  equinoctial  line;  and,  in  all  prohahihty, 
Japan,  is  on  tlie  same  continent  as  America." 

Hennepin  in  his  first  book,  thus  describes  his 
first  visit  to  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony :  '•  In  the 
beginning  of  July.  1680,  we  descended  the  [Rum] 
River  in  a  canoe  southward,  with  the  great  chief 
Ouasicoude  [Wauzeekootay]  that  is  to  say  Pierced 
Pme,  with  about  eighty  cabins  composed  of  more 
than  a  liimdred  and  thirty  families  and  about 
tw'O  hundred  and  fifty  warriors.  Scarcely  would 
the  Indians  give  me  a  place  in  their  little  flotilla, 
for  they  had  only  old  canoes.  They  went  fom- 
leagues  lower  down,  to  get  birch  bark  to  make 
some  more.  Having  made  a  hole  in  the  ground, 
to  hide  our  silver  chaUce  and  our  papers,  till  our 


24 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


return  from  the  liiint.  and  keeping  only  our  bre- 
viary, so  as  not  to  be  loaded,  I  stood  on  the  bank 
of  the  lake  formed  by  the  river  we  had  called  St. 
Francis  [now  Hum]  and  stretched  out  my  hand 
to  the  canoes  as  they  rapidly  passed  in  succession. 

'•Our  Krenclmieu  also  liad  one  forthemselves. 
which  the  Indians  had  given  them.  They  would 
not  take  me  in,  Michael  Ako  saying  that  he  had 
taken  me  long  enough  to  satisfy  him.  I  was  hurt 
at  this  answer,  seeing  myself  thus  abandoned  by 
Christians,  to  whom  I  had  always  done  good,  as 
they  both  often  acknowledged ;  but  God  never 
having  abamloned  me  on  that  painful  voyage,  in- 
spired two  Indians  to  take  me  in  their  little 
canoe,  where  I  had  no  other  employment  than  to 
bale  out  with  a  little  bark  tray,  the  water  which 
entered  by  little  holes.  This  1  did  not  do  with- 
out getting  all  wet.  This  boat  might,  indeed,  be 
called  a  death  box,  for  its  lightness  and  fragility. 
These  canoes  do  not  generally  weigh  over  fifty 
pounds,  the  least  motion  of  the  body  upsets  them, 
unless  you  are  long  accustomed  to  that  kind  of 
navigation. 

'■  On  disembarking  in  the  evening,  the  I'icard. 
as  an  excuse,  told  me  that  tlieir  canoe  was  half- 
rotten,  and  that  had  ve  been  three  in  it,  vie 
sliould  have  run  a  great  ri.sk  of  remaining  on  the 
way.  *  *  *  Four  days  after  our  departure  for 
the  buffalo  hunt,  we  halted  eight  leagues  above 
St.  Anthony  of  Padua's  Falls,  on  an  eminence 
opposite  the  mouth  of  tlie  IJiver  St.  Francis] Rum] 
*  *  *  The  Picard  and  myself  went  to  look  for 
haws,  gooseberries,  and  little  wild  fruit,  wliicli 
often  did  us  more  harm  than  good.  Tliis  obliged 
us  to  go  alone,  as  Michael  Ako  refused,  in  a 
wretched  canoe,  to  Ouisconsui  river,  which  was 
more  than  a  liMiKbcd  leagues  oil,  to  see  wlielher 
the  Sieur  de  la  Salle  had  sent  to  that  place  a  re- 
inforcement of  men.  with  powder,  lead,  ami 
other  nniinlions,  as  lie  had  |ironiised  us. 

"The  Indians  would  ikjI  lia\c  suffered  this 
voyage  had  not  one  of  the  llnee  remained  with 
them.  They  wished  me  to  stay,  but  Michael 
Ako  absolutely  refused.  As  we  were  making  tlic 
portage  of  our  canoe  at  St.  Anthony  of  Padua's 
Falls,  we  perceived  live  or  six  of  our  Indians  who 
liad  taken  the  start;  one  of  them  was  uj)  in  an 
oak  op|)osite  the  great  fall,  weei)ing  bitterly,  with 
a  rich  dressed  beaver  robe,  whitened  inside,  and 
trimmed  witli  i)orcupine  quills,  which  he  was 


offering  as  a  sacrifice  to  the  falls;  which  is,  in  it- 
self, admirable  and  frightful,  I  heard  him  while 
shedding  copious  tears,  say  as  he  spoke  to  the 
great  cataract,  '  Thou  who  art  a  spirit,  grant  that 
our  nation  may  pass  here  quietly,  without  acci- 
dent ;  may  kill  buffalo  in  abundance ;  conciuer 
our  eueuiies,  and  bring  in  slaves,  some  of  whom 
we  will  put  to  death  before  thee.  The  Messenec(iz 
(so  they  call  the  tiibe  named  by  the  French  Outa- 
gamis)  have  killed  our  kindred  ;  grant  that  we 
may  avenge  them,'  This  robe  offered  in  sacrifice, 
served  one  of  our  Frenchmen,  who  took  it  as  we 
returned," 

It  is  certaiidy  wonderful,  that  Hennepin,  who 
knew  nothing  of  the  Sioux  language  a  few  weeks 
before,  should  understand  the  prayer  offered  at 
the  Falls  without  the  aid  of  an  interpreter. 

The  narrator  continues  :  "  A  league  beyond 
St.  Anthony  of  Padua's  Falls,  the  Picard  was 
obliged  to  land  and  get  his  powder  horn,  which  he 
had  left  at  the  Falls.  *  *  *  As  we  descended 
the  river  Colbert  [^Mississippi]  we  found  some  of 
our  Indians  on  tlie  islands  loaded  with  buffalo 
meat,  some  of  which  they  gave  us.  Two  hours 
after  landing,  fifteen  or  sixteen  warriors  whom  we 
had  left  above  St.  Anthony  of  Padua's  Falls,  en- 
tered, tomakawk  in  liand.  upset  tlie  cabin  of  those 
who  had  in\ited  us.  took  all  the  meat  and  bear 
oil  they  found,  and  greased  themselves  from  head 
to  foot," 

This  was  done  because  the  others  had  violated 
the  rules  for  the  buffalo  hunt.  With  the  Indians 
Hennepin  went  down  the  river  sixty  leagues,  and 
then  «-ent  up  the  river  again,  and  met  buffalo, 
lie  continues : 

"  Wliile  seeking  the  Cuisconsin  Kiver.  that 
savage  father.  Aciuipaguctin.  whom  I  had  left, 
and  who  1  liclicvcd  more  than  two  lauidred 
leagues  off.  ou  the  lltliof  duly,  Kiso.  ai>peared 
with  the  warriors."  After  this,  Hennepin  and 
I'icard  continued  to  go  np  the  river  almost  eighty 
leagues. 

There  is  great  confMsion  here,  as  the  reader 
will  see.  AVhen  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hum  l{iver, 
he  speaks  of  the  \\iscorisin  as  more  than  a  hun- 
dred leagues  oft.  lie  Iloats  down  the  river  sixty 
leagues ;  then  he  ascended,  but  does  not  state  the 
distance;  then  he  ascends  eighly  leagues. 

He  continues  :  "  The  Indians  whom  he  had  left 
with  Alichael  Ako  at  PulTalo  |('hiiipcway]  Hiver, 


HENNEPIN  MEETS  8IEUB  DU  LJJTH. 


25 


with  the  flotilla  of  canoes  loaded  wth  meat,  came 
down.  *  *  *  AH  the  Indian  women  had  their 
stock  of  meat  at  tlie  moutli  of  Buffalo  River  and 
on  the  islands,  and  again  we  went  down  the  Col- 
bert [Mississippi]  about  eighty  leagues.  *  ♦  * 
We  had  another  alarm  in  our  camp  :  the  old  men 
on  duty  on  the  top  of  the  mountains  ainiounced 
that  they  saw  two  warriors  in  the  distance ;  all 
the  bowmen  hastened  lliere  with  speed,  each  try- 
ing to  outstrip  tlie  others  ;  but  they  brought  back 
only  two  of  their  enemies,  who  came  to  tell  them 
that  a  party  of  their  people  were  hunting  at  the 
extremity  of  Lake  Conde  [Superior]  and  had  found 
four  Spirits  (so  they  call  the  French)  who,  by 
means  of  a  slave,  had  expressed  a  wish  to  come 
on,  knowing  ns  to  be  among  them.  *  *  *  On 
the  25th  of  July,  IbSO,  as  we  were  ascending  the 
river  Colbert,  after  the  buffalo  hunt,  to  the  In- 
dian villages,  we  met  Sieur  du  Luth.  who  came 
to  the  INadouessious  with  five  French  soldiers. 
They  joined  us  about  two  hundred  and  twenty 
leagues  distant  from  the  country  of  the  Indians 
who  had  taken  us.  As  we  had  some  knowledge 
of  the  language,  they  begged  us  to  accompany 
them  to  the  villages  of  these  tribes,  to  which  I 
readily  agreed,  knowing  that  these  two  French- 
men had  not  approached  the  sacrament  for  two 
years.'" 

Here  again  the  number  of  leagues  is  confusing, 
and  it  is  impossible  to  believe  that  Du  Luth  and 
his  interpreter  Faffart,  who  had  been  trading 
with  the  Sioux  for  more  than  a  year,  needed  the 
help  of  Hennepin,  who  had  been  about  three 
months  with  these  people. 

AVe  are  not  told  by  what  route  Hennepin  and 
Du  Lnth  reached  Lake  Issati  or  Mille  Lacs,  but 
Hennepin  says  they  arrived  there  on  the  lUh  of 
August,  1680,  and  he  adds.  "  Toward  the  end  of 
September,  having  no  implements  to  begin  an 
establishment,  we  resolved  to  tell  tliese  people, 
that  for  tlieir  benefit,  we  would  have  to  return  to 
the  French  settlements.  The  grand  Chief  of  the 
Issati  or  Nadouessiouz  consented,  and  traced  in 
pencil  on  paper  I  gave  him,  the  route  I  should 
take  for  four  hundred  leagues.  With  this  chart, 
we  set  out,  eight  Frenchmen,  in  two  canoes,  and 
descended  the  river  St.  Francis  and  Colbert  [Rum 
and  ^Mississippi].  Two  of  owe  men  took  two  bea- 
ver robes  at  St.  Anthony  of  Padua's  Falls,  which 
the  Indians  had  hung  in  sacrifice  on  the  trees." 


The  second  work  of  Hennepin,  an  enlargement 
of  the  first,  appeared  at  I'trecht  in  the  year  1697, 
ten  years  after  La  Salle's  death.  During  the  in- 
terval between  the  pid)lication  of  the  first  and 
second  book,  he  had  passed  three  years  as  Super- 
intendent of  the  Recollects  at  Reny  in  the  province 
of  Artois.  when  Fatlier  Ilyacintli  Lefevre,  a  friend 
of  La  Salle,  and  Conunissary  Provincial  of  Recol- 
lects at  Paris,  wished  him  to  returu  to  Canada. 
He  refused,  and  was  ordered  to  go  to  Rome,  and 
upon  his  coming  back  was  sent  to  a  convent  at 
St.  Omer,  and  there  received  a  dispatch  from  the 
Minister  of  State  in  France  to  return  to  the  coun- 
tries of  the  King  of  Spain,  of  which  he  was  a 
subject.  This  order,  he  asserts,  he  afterwards 
learned  was  forged. 

In  the  preface  to  the  English  edition  of  the 
Xew  Discovery,  published  in  lliys.  in  London,  he 
writes  : 

"  The  pretended  reason  of  that  violent  order 
was  because  1  refused  to  return  into  America, 
where  I  had  been  already  eleven  years ;  though 
the  particular  laws  of  our  Order  oblige  none  of  us 
to  go  beyond  sea  against  his  will.  I  would  have, 
however,  returned  very  willingly  had  I  not  known 
the  malice  of  M.  La  Salle,  who  would  have  ex- 
posed me  to  perish,  as  he  did  one  of  the  men  who 
accompanied  me  in  my  discovery.  God  knows 
that  I  am  sorry  for  his  unfortunate  death ;  but 
the  judgments  of  the  Almighty  are  always  just, 
for  the  gentleman  was  lulled  by  one  of  his  own 
men,  who  were  at  last  sensible  that  he  exposed 
them  to  visible  dangers  without  any  necessity  and 
for  his  private  designs." 

After  this  he  was  for  about  five  years  at  Gosse- 
lies,  in  Brabant,  as  Confessor  in  a  convent,  and 
from  thence  removed  to  his  native  place,  Ath,  in 
Belgium,  where,  according  to  his  narrative  in  the 
preface  to  the  "  Kouveau  Decouverte,"  he  was 
again  persecuted.  Then  Father  Payez,  Gnmd 
Commissary  of  Recollects  at  Louvaiu,  being  in- 
formed that  the  King  of  Spain  and  the  Elector  of 
Bavaria  recommended  the  step,  consented  that 
he  should  enter  the  service  of  William  the  Third 
of  Great  Britain,  who  had  been  very  kind  to  the 
Roman  Catholics  of  Netherlands.  By  order  of 
Payez  he  was  sent  to  Antwerp  to  take  the  lay 
habit  in  the  convent  there,  and  subsequently 
went  to  Utrecht,  where  he  finished  his  second 
book  known  as  the  New  Discovery. 


26 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


His  first  volume,  printed  in  1683.  contains  312 
pages,  witli  an  appendix  of  107  pages,  on  tlie 
Customs  of  tlie  Savages,  while  the  Utrecht  book 
of  1697  contains  oOf)  pages  without  an  appendix. 

On  page  249  of  the  Xew  Discovery,  he  begins 
an  account  of  a  voyage  alleged  to  have  been  made 
to  the  moutli  of  the  Mississippi,  and  occupies 
over  sixty  pages  in  tlie  narrative.  Tlie  opening 
sentences  give  as  a  reason  for  concealing  to  this 
time  his  discovery,  that  La  SaUe  would  have  re- 
ported Irim  to  his  Superiors  for  presuming  to  go 
down  instead  of  ascending  tlie  stream  toward  the 
north,  as  had  been  agreed  ;  and  that  the  two  with 
him  threatened  that  if  he  did  not  consent  to  de- 
scend the  ri\'er,  they  would  leave  him  on  shore 
during  the  night,  and  pursue  their  own  course. 

He  asserts  that  he  left  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  to 
return,  on  the  1st  of  April,  and  on  the  24th  left 
the  Arkansas ;  but  a  week  after  this,  he  declares 
he  landed  with  the  Sioux  at  the  marsh  about  two 
miles  below  the  city  of  Saint  Paul. 

The  account  has  been  and  is  still  a  puzzle  to 
the  historical  student.  In  our  review  of  his  first 
book  we  have  noticed  that  as  early  as  16.S3.  he 
claimed  to  have  descended  the  .Mississippi.  In 
the  I'treeht  publication  he  declares  that  while  at 
Quebec,  upon  his  return  to  France,  he  gave  to 
Father  Valentine  Rmix.  (!ommissary  of  Recol- 
lects, his  journal,  upon  the  iiromise  tliat  it  would 
be  kept  secret,  and  tliat  tliis  Father  made  a  copy 
of  his  whole  voyage,  including  the  visit  to  the 
(iulf  of  Mexico ;  but  in  his  Description  of  Louis- 
iana. IIeniiei)in  wrote,  "  We  had  some  design  of 
going  to  tlie  mouth  of  the  river  Colbert,  wliich 
more  probably  empties  into  tlie  Gulf  of  Me.xico 
than  into  the  Red  Sea,  but  the  tribes  that  seized 
us  gave  us  no  time  to  sail  up  and  down  the  river." 

Tlic  additions  in  Ids  Utrecht  book  to  magnify 
liis  importance  and  detract  from  others,  are 
many.  As  Sparks  and  I'arkman  have  pointed 
out  tlie  |)lagiaiisms  of  tliis  edition,  a  reference 
here  is  unnecessary. 

Du  Lulli.  who  left  (Quebec  in  167.S.  and  had 
been  in  northern  Minnesota,  with  an  interpreter, 
for  a  year,  alter  lie  met  .\ko  and  Ilenneiiin.  be- 
comes of  secondary  importance,  in  the  eyes  of 
the  Franciscan. 

In  the  Description  of  Louisiana,  on  page  2S9. 
Hennepin  speaks  of  jiassing  Die  l'"al]s  of  Saint 
Anthony,   niion  his  reluin  to  ('ana<la.  in  tliese 


few  words  :  ■•  Two  of  our  men  seized  two  beaver 
robes  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  of  I'adua, 
which  the  Indians  had  in  sacrifice,  fastened  to 
trees."  But  in  the  Utrecht  edition,  commencing 
on  page  416,  tliere  is  much  added  concerning  Du 
Lnth.  After  using  the  language  of  the  edition 
of  1683,  already  quoted  it  adds:  '-Hereupon 
there  arose  a  dispute  l)etween  Sieur  du  Luth  and 
myself.  I  commended  what  they  had  done,  say- 
ing, '  The  savages  might  judge  by  it  that  they 
disliked  the  superstition  of  these  people.'  The 
Sieur  du  Luth,  on  the  contrary-,  said  that  they 
ought  to  have  left  the  robes  where  the  savages 
placed  them,  for  they  would  not  fail  to  avenge 
the  insult  we  had  put  upon  them  by  this  action, 
and  that  it  was  feared  that  tliey  would  attack  us 
on  this  journey.  I  confessed  he  had  some  foun- 
dation for  what  he  said,  and  that  he  spoke  accor- 
d'ng  to  the  rules  of  prudence.  But  one  of  tlie 
two  men  flatly  replied,  the  two  robes  suited  them, 
and  tliey  cared  nothuig  for  the  savages  and  their 
superstitions.  The  Sieur  du  Luth  at  these  words 
was  so  greatly  enraged  that  he  nearly  struck  the 
one  who  uttered  them,  but  1  intervened  and  set- 
tled the  dispute.  The  Picard  and  Michael  Ako 
ranged  themselves  on  the  side  of  those  who  had 
taken  the  robes  in  question,  which  might  have 
resulted  badly. 

"  I  argued  with  Sieur  du  Luth  that  the  savages 
would  not  attack  us.  because  I  was  per.suaded 
that  their  great  chief  Ouasiccuide  would  have  our 
interests  at  heart,  and  he  had  great  credit  with 
his  nation.    The  matter  terminated  pleasantly. 

"  When  we  arrived  near  the  river  Ouisconsin, 
we  halted  to  smoke  tlie  meat  of  the  buf[alo  we 
had  killed  on  the  journey.  During  our  stay,  three 
savages  of  the  nation  we  had  left,  came  by  the 
side  of  our  canoe  to  tell  us  that  their  great  chief 
Ouasicoude,  having  learned  that  another  chief  of 
tliese  people  wislied  to  pursue  and  kill  us,  and 
that  he  entered  the  cabin  wliere  he  was  consult- 
ing, and  had  struck  him  on  the  head  witli  such 
violence  as  to  scatter  his  brains  upon  his  associ- 
ates; thus  iireventing  the  executing  of  tliis  inju- 
rious lirojeel. 

■■  W'v  regaled  tlie  three  savages,  liaving  a  great 
aliinidance  of  food  at  that  time.  The  Sieur  du 
Luth.  after  the  savages  had  left,  was  as  enraged 
as  before,  and  feared  that  they  would  )iursue  and 
attack  lis  on  our  voyage.     He  would  liave  juished 


TRIBUTE  TO  DANIEL  GBEYSOLON  DU  LUTH. 


27 


the  matter  further,  hut  seeing  that  one  man  would 
resist,  and  was  not  in  tlie  humor  to  he  imposed 
upon,  he  moderated,  and  I  appeased  tliem  in  tlie 
end  with  the  assurance  that  God  would  not  aban- 
don us  in  distress,  and,  provided  we  confided  in 
Ilim,  he  would  deliver  us  frfim  our  foes,  because 
He  is  the  protector  of  men  and  angels."' 

After  describing  a  conference  with  the  Sioux. 
he  adds,  "Thus  the  savages  were  very  kind, 
without  mentioning  the  beaver  robes.  The  chief 
Ouasicoude  told  me  to  offer  a  fathom  of  Marti- 
nico  tobacco  to  the  chief  Aquipaguetin,  who  had 
adopted  me  as  a  son.  This  had  an  admirable 
effect  upon  the  barbarians,  who  went  off  shouting 
several  times  the  word  '  Louis,'  [Ouis  or  We] 
which,  as  he  said,  means  the  sun.  Without  van- 
ity, I  must  say  that  my  name  will  be  for  a  long 
time  among  these  people. 

"The  savages  having  left  us,  to  go  to  war 
against  the  Messorites,  the  Maroha,  the  IlUnois, 
and  other  nations  which  live  toward  the  lower 
part  of  the  Mississippi,  and  are  irreconcilable  foes 
of  the  people  of  the  North,  the  Sieur  du  Luth, 
who  upon  many  occasions  gave  me  marks  of  his 
friendship,  could  not  forbear  to  tell  our  men  that 
I  had  all  the  reason  in  the  world  to  believe  that 
the  Viceroy  of  Canada  would  give  me  a  favorable 
reception,  should  we  arrive  before  winter,  and 
that  he  wished  with  all  his  heart  that  he  had  been 
among  as  many  natives  as  myself." 

The  style  of  Louis  Hennepin  is  unmistakable 
in  this  extract,  and  it  is  amusing  to  read  his  pa- 
tronage of  one  of  the  fearless  explorers  of  the 
Northwest,  a  cousin  of  Tonty,  favored  by  Fron- 
tenac,  and  who  was  in  itiirmesota  a  year  before 
his  arrival. 

In  1691,  six  years  before  the  Utrecht  edition  of 
Ileiniepin,  another  Recollect  Franciscan  had  pub- 
Ushed  a  book  at  Paris,  called  "  The  First  Estab- 
lishment of  the  Faith  in  New  France,"  in  which 
is  the  following  tribute  to  Du  Luth,  whom  Hen- 
nepin strives  to  make  a  subordinate  :  "In  the  last 
years  of  M.  de  Frontenac"s  administration,  Sieur 
DuLuth,a  man  of  talent  and  experience,  opened 
a  way  to  the  missionary  and  tlie  Gospel  in  many 
different  nations,  turning  toward  the  north  of 
that  lake  [Superior]  where  he  even  built  a  fort, 
lie  advanced  as  far  as  the  Lake  of  the  Issati, 
called  Lake  Buade,  from  the  family  name  of  M. 


de  Frontenac,  planting  the  arms  of  his  Majesty 
in  several  nations  on  the  right  and  left." 

In  the  second  volume  of  his  last  book,  which  is 
called  "  A  Continuance  of  the  New  Discovery  of 
a  vast  Country  in  America,"  etc.,  Hennepin  no- 
ticed some  criticisms. 

To  the  objection  that  his  work  was  dedicated 
to  William  the  Third  of  Great  Britain,  he  replies : 
"  My  King,  his  most  Catholic  Majesty,  his  Elec- 
toral Highness  of  Bavaria,  the  consent  m  writing 
of  the  Superior  of  my  order,  the  integrity  of  my 
faith,  and  the  regular  observance  of  my  vows, 
which  his  Britannic  Majesty  allows  me,  are  the 
best  warrants  of  the  uprightness  of  my  inten- 
tions." 

To  the  query,  how  he  could  travel  so  far  upon 
the  Mississippi  in  so  little  time,  he  answers  with 
a  bold  face,  "  That  we  may,  with  a  canoe  and  a 
pair  of  oars,  go  twenty,  twenty-flve,  or  thirty 
leagues  every  day,  and  more  too,  if  there  be  oc- 
casion. And  though  we  had  gone  but  ten  leagues 
a  day,  yet  in  thirty  days  we  might  easily  have 
gone  three  hundred  leagues.  It  during  the  time 
we  spent  from  the  river  of  the  Illinois  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Meschasipi,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
we  had  used  a  little  more  haste,  we  might  have 
gone  the  same  twice  over." 

To  the  objection,  that  he  said,  he  nad  passed 
eleven  years  in  America,  when  he  had  been  there 
but  about  four,  he  evasively  replies,  that  "  reck- 
oning from  the  year  1674,  when  I  first  set  out,  to 
the  year  168S,  when  I  printed  the  second  edition 
of  my  '  Louisiana,'  it  appears  that  I  have  spent 
fifteen  years  either  in  travels  or  printing  my 
Discoveries." 

To  those  who  objected  to  the  statement  in  his 
first  book,  in  the  dedication  to  Louis  the  Four- 
teenth, that  the  Sioux  always  call  the  sun  Louis, 
he  writes  :  "  I  repeat  what  I  have  said  before, 
that  being  among  the  Issati  and  Nadouessans,  by 
whom  I  was  made  a  slave  in  America,  I  never 
heard  them  call  the  sun  any  other  than  Louis. 
It  is  true  these  savages  call  also  the  moon  Louis, 
but  with  this  distinction,  that  they  give  the  moon 
the  name  of  Louis  Bastache,  which  in  their  lan- 
guage signifies,  the  sun  that  shines  in  the  night." 

The  Utrecht  edition  called  forth  much  censure, 
and  no  one  in  France  doubted  that  Hennepin 
was  the  author.  DTberville,  Governor  of  Lou- 
isiana, while  in  Paris,  wrote  on  July  3d  1699,  to 


28 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


the  ilinister  of  ilarine  and  Colonies  of  France. 
in  these  words  :  "  Very  much  vexed  at  tlie  Rec- 
ollect, whose  false  narratives  had  deceived  every 
one.  and  caused  our  suffering  and  total  failure  of 
our  enterprise,  by  the  time  consumed  in  the 
search  of  things  w'hich  alone  existed  in  his  imag- 
ination." 

The  Rev.  Fallier  James  Gravier.  in  a  letter 
from  a  fort  on  the  (Julf  of  Mexico,  near  the  iSIis- 
sissippi.  dated  February  Ifitli.  1701,  expressed  the 
sentiment  of  liis  limes  when  he  speaks  of  Hen- 
nepin "  wlio  presented  to  King  William,  the  Rela- 
tion of  the  Mississippi,  where  he  never  was,  and 
after  a  thousand  falsehoods  and  ridiculous  boasts, 


*  *  *  he  makes  Mr.  de  la  Salle  appear  in  his 
Relation,  wounded  with  two  balls  in  the  head, 
turn  toward  the  Recollect  Father  Anastase,  to 
ask  him  for  absolution,  having  been  killed  in- 
stantly, without  uttering  a  word  ■  and  other  like 
false  stories." 

Hennepin  gradually  faded  out  of  sight.  Bru- 
iiet  mentions  a  letter  written  by  J.  B.  Dubos, 
from  Rome,  dated  March  1st,  1701,  which  men- 
tions that  Hennepin  was  living  on  the  Capitoline 
Hill,  in  the  celebrated  convent  of  Ara  Coeli.  and 
was  a  favorite  of  Cardinal  Spada.  The  time  and 
place  of  his  death  has  not  been  ascertained. 


NICHOLAS  FEBE01\  FOUNDER  OF  FIRST  POST  ON  LAKE  PEPIN. 


^9 


CHAPTEE  V. 


NICHOLAS  PEKEOT,  FOUNDKll   Oi'   FIRST   POST  ON  LAKE  PEriK. 


Early  Life. — Searches  for  Copper.— Interpreter  at  Sault  St.  Marie,  Employeil  l>y 
La  Salle.— Btfilils  Stocltade  ut  L:ike  Pepin.  —  Hosiite  Indians  Relinked. —A 
Silver  Ostensorium  Given  to  a  Jesuit  Cliapel.— Perrot  in  the  Battle  aeainst 
Senec:is,  in  New  York.— Second  Visit  to  Sioux  Country — Taking  Possession  by 
"Proces  Verlial." — Discovery  of  Lead  Mines. — Attends  Council  at  Montreal. — 
Establislies  a  Post  near  Detroit,  in  Michigan.— Perrofs  Death,  and  his  Wife. 


Nicholas  Perrot,  sometimes  written  Pere,  was 
one  of  tlie  most  energetic  of  the  class  in  Canada 
known  as  ■•coureurs  des  bois,"  or  forest  rangers. 
Born  in  Ii)-14,  at  an  early  age  he  was  identified 
with  the  fur  trade  of  the  great  inland  lakes.  As 
early  as  lUGo,  he  was  among  the  Outagamies 
[Foxes],  and  in  1667  was  at  Green  Bay.  In  1669, 
he  was  appointed  by  Talon  to  go  to  the  lake  re- 
gion in  search  of  copper  mines.  At  Uie  formal 
taking  possession  of  that  country  in  the  name  of 
the  King  of  France,  at  Sault  St.  Marie,  on  the 
14th  of  May,  liiTl,  he  acted  as  interpreter.  In 
1677,  he  seems  to  have  lieen  employed  at  Fort 
Frontenac.  La  Salle  was  made  very  sick  the 
next  year,  from  eating  a  salad,  and  one  Nicholas 
Perrot,  called  Joly  Cceur  (Jolly  Soul)  was  sus- 
pected of  ha'.ing  mingled  poison  with  the  food. 
After  this  he  .was  associated  with  Dii  Lnth  in 
the  execution  of  .two  Indians,  as  we  have  seen. 
In  1684,  he  was  appointed  by  IJe  la  Barre,  the 
Governor  of  Canada,  as  Commandant  for  the 
West,  and  left  Montreal  with  twenty  men.  Ar- 
riving at  Green  Bay  in  Wisconsin,  some  Indians 
told  him  that  they  had  visited  countries  toward 
the  setting  sun,  where  they  obtained  the  blue 
and  green  stones  suspended  from  their  ears  and 
noses,  and  that  they  saw  horses  and  men  like 
Frenchmen,  probably  the  Spaniards  of  New  Mex- 
ico ;  and  others  said  that  they  had  obtained  hatch- 
ets from  persons  who  lived  in  a  house  that  walked 
on  the  water,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  the 
Assiniboines,  alluding  to  the  English  established 
at  Hudson's  Bay.  Proceeding  to  the  portage  be- 
tween the  Fox  and  Wisconsin,  thirteen  Ilurons 
were  met,  who  were  bitterly  opposed  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  post  near  the  Sioux.     After  the 


Mississippi  was  reached,  a  party  of  Winnebagoes 
was  employed  to  notify  the  tribes  of  Northern 
Iowa  that  the  French  had  ascended  the  river, 
and  wished  to  meet  tliem.  It  was  further  agreed 
that  prairie  fires  would  be  kmdled  from  time  to 
time,  so  that  the  Indians  could  follow  the  French. 

After  entering  Lake  Pepin,  near  its  mouth,  on 
the  east  side,  Perrot  found  a  place  suitable  for  a 
post,  where  there  was  wood.  The  stockade  was 
built  at  the  foot  of  a  bluff  beyond  which  was  a 
large  prairie.  La  Potherie  makes  this  statement, 
which  is  repeated  by  Penicaut,  who  writes  of 
Lake  Pepui :  "To  the  right  and  left  of  its  shores 
there  are  also  prairies.  In  that  on  the  right  on 
the  bank  of  the  lake,  there  is  a  fort,  which  was 
built  by  Nicholas  Perrot,  whose  name  it  yet  [1700] 
bears." 

Soon  after  he  was  established,  it  was  announced 
that  a  band  of  Aiouez  [loways]  was  encamped 
above,  and  on  the  way  to  visit  the  post.  The 
French  ascended  in  canoes  to  meet  them,  but  as 
they  drew  nigh,  the  Indian  women  ran  up  the 
bluffs,  and  hid  in  the  woods  ;  but  twenty  of  the 
braves  mustered  courage  to  advance  and  greet 
Perrot,  and  bore  him  to  the  chief's  lodge.  The 
chief,  bending  over  Perrot,  began  to  weep,  and 
allowed  the  moisture  to  fall  upon  his  visitor. 
After  he  had  exhausted  himself,  the  principal 
men  of  the  party  repeated  the  slabl.ierhig  process. 
Then  buffalo  tongues  were  boiled  in  an  earthen 
pot,  and  after  being  cut  into  small  pieces,  the 
.chief  took  a  piece,  and,  as  a  mark  of  respect, 
placed  it  in  Perrot's  mouth. 

During  the  winter  of  1684-85,  the  French  tra- 
ded in  Minnesota. 

At  the  end  of  the  beaver  hunt,  the  Ayoes 
[loways]  came  to  the  post,  but  Perrot  was  absent 
visiting  the  Nadouaissioux.  and  they  sent  a  chief 
to  notify  him  of  their  arrival.  Four  Illinois  met 
him  on  the  way,  and  were  anxious  for  the  return 
of  four  children  held  by  the  French.     When  the 


30 


EXPLORERS  AXD  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Sioux,  who  were  at  war  with  the  Illinois,  per- 
ceived them,  they  wished  to  seize  their  canoes, 
but  the  Frencli  voyageurs  wlio  were  Knai'ding 
them,  pushed  into  the  middle  of  tlie  river,  and 
tlie  French  at  the  post  coming  to  their  assistance, 
a  reconciliation  was  effected,  and  four  of  the 
Sioux  took  the  Illinois  upon  their  shoulders,  and 
l)ore  them  to  the  shore. 

An  order  having  been  received  from  Denon- 
ville.  Governor  of  Canada,  to  bring  the  Miamis. 
and  other  tribes,  to  the  rendezvous  at  Niagara, 
to  go  on  an  expedition  against  the  Senecas,  Per- 
rot  entrusting  the  i)ost  at  Lake  Pepin  to  a  few 
Frenchmen,  visited  the  Miamis,  who  were  dwel- 
ling lielow  on  the  Mississippi,  and  with  no  guide 
but  Indian  camp  lires.  went  sixty  miles  into  the 
country  beyond  the  river. 

Upon  his  return,  he  perceivea  a  great  smoke, 
and  at  first  thought  that  it  was  a  war  party  pro- 
ceeding to  the  Sioux  country.  Fortunately  he 
met  a  Ma.skouten  chief,  who  had  been  at  the  post 
to  see  him.  and  he  gave  the  intelligence,  that  the 
Outagamies  [Foxes].  Kikapous  [Kickapoos].  and 
.Mascoutechs  [MaskoulensJ.  and  olli("rs.  from  the 
region  of  Green  Hay,  had  determined  to  pillage 
the  post,  kill  the  French,  and  then  go  to  war 
against  the  Sioux.  Hurrying  on.  he  reached  the 
fort,  and  learned  that  on  that  very  day  three 
spies  ha<l  been  there  and  seen  that  there  were 
oidy  six  Frenchmen  in  charge. 

The  next  day  two  more  spies  apiwared.  but 
I'errot  had  taken  the  precaution  to  put  loaded 
guns  at  the  door  of  each  hut,  and  caused  liis  men 
fre()uently  to  change  their  clothes.  To  the  query. 
•  llow  many  Fiencli  weie  there?"  the  reply  was 
given, "  Forty,  and  that  more  were  daily  expected, 
who  had  been  on  a  Imffalo  hmit.  and  that  the 
guns  were  well  loaded  and  knives  well  sharpened." 
They  were  then  told  to  go  back  to  their  camp 
and  bring  a  chief  of  each  nation  rei)re.sented,  and 
that  if  Indians,  in  large  numbers,  came  near,  they 
would  l>e  lired  at.  In  accordance  with  this  mes- 
sage six  chiefs  presented  themselves,  After  their 
bows  and  arrows  were  taken  away  they  were  in- 
vited to  I'errofs  cabin,  who  gave  something  to 
i-al  and  tobacco  to  smoke.  Looking  at  I'errofs 
loaded  gims  they  asked.  '•  If  he  was  afraid  of  liis 
rhildrenV"  He  replied,  he  was  not.  They  con- 
tinued, "  Von  are  dis])leased."  He  answered, 
"  I  have  good  reason  t(  I  be.    The  Spirit  has  wanied 


me  of  your  designs;  you  will  take  my  things 
away  and  put  me  in  the  kettle,  and  proceed 
against  the  Nadoiiaissioux.  The  Spirit  told  me 
to  be  on  my  guard,  and  he  would  help  me."  At 
this  they  were  astonished,  and  confessed  that  an 
attack  was  meditated.  That  night  the  chiefs 
slept  in  the  stockade,  and  early  the  next  morn- 
ing a  part  of  the  hostile  force  was  encamped  in 
the  vicinity,  and  wished  to  trade.  Perrot  had 
now  only  a  force  of  fifteen  men.  and  seizing  the 
chiefs,  he  told  them  he  would  break  their  heads 
if  they  did  not  disperse  the  Indians.  One  of  the 
chiefs  then  stood  up  on  the  gate  of  the  fort  and 
said  to  the  warriors.  "  Do  not  advance,  young 
men.  or  you  are  dead.  The  Spirit  has  warned 
Metaminens[PerrotJ  of  your  designs."  They  fol- 
lowed the  advice,  and  afterwards  Perrot  present- 
ed them  with  two  guns,  two  kettles,  and  some 
tobacco,  to  close  the  door  of  war  against  the  Na- 
(louaissioux,  and  the  chiefs  were  all  permitted  to 
make  a  brief  visit  to  the  post. 

Returning  to  Green  Bay  in  16S6,  he  passed  much 
time  in  collecting  allies  for  the  exi>edition  against 
the  Iro()uois  in  Xew  York.  During  iliis  year  he 
gave  to  the  Jesuit  chapel  at  Dcpcre.  live  miles 
above  (Jreen  Bay.  a  church  utensil  of  silver,  lif- 
teen  inches  high,  still  in  existence.  The  stand- 
ard, nine  inches  in  height,  supports  a  radiated 
circlet  closed  with  glass  on  both  sides  and  sur- 
mounted with  a  cross.  This  vessel,  weighing 
about  twenty  ounces,  was  intended  to  show  the 
consecrated  wafer  of  the  mass,  and  is  called  a 
soleil,  monstrance,  or  ostensorium. 

.V  round  the  oval  base  of  the  rim  is  the  follow- 
ing inscription: 


%„ 


.9^ 


\ 


\. 


♦* 


•»K 


.^ 


% 


In  1SII2  some  wurkincii  in    digging  at  (Jreen 
Hay,  Wisconsin,  on  (lie  old  Langlade  e.state  dis- 


A  VUr  OF  BE  ANDY  AND  WATEK  DETECTS  A  THIEF. 


31 


covered  tliis  relic,  which  is  now  kept  in  tlie  vault 
of  the  Roman  Catholic  bishop  of  that  diocese. 

During  the  spring  of  1687  Perrot,  witli  l)e  Lu- 
th  and  Tonty,  was  witli  tlie  Indian  allies  and  the 
French  in  the  expedition  against  the  Senecas  of 
the  Genessee  Valley  in  New  York. 

The  next  year  Denonville,  Governor  of  Canada, 
again  sent  Perrot  with  forty  Frenchmen  to  the 
Sioux  who,  says  Potherie,  "  were  very  distant, 
and  who  would  not  trade  with  us  as  easily  as 
the  other  tribes,  the  Outagamis  [Foxes]  having 
boasted  of  having  cut  off  the  passage  thereto." 

When  Perrot  arrived  at  Mackinaw,  the  tribes 
of  that  region  were  much  excited  at  the  hostility 
of  the  Outagamis  [Foxes]  toward  the  Sauteurs 
[Chippeways].  As  soon  as  Perrot  and  his  party 
reached  Green  Bay  a  deputation  of  the  Foxes 
sought  an  interview.  lie  told  them  that  he  had 
nothing  to  do  with  this  quarrel  with  the  Chippe- 
ways. In  justification,  they  said  that  a  party  of 
their  young  men,  in  going  to  war  against  the 
Nadouaissioux,  had  found  a  young  man  and  three 
Chippeway  girls. 

Perrot  was  silent,  and  continued  his  journey 
towards  the  Nadouaissioux.  Soon  he  was  met  by 
five  chiefs  of  the  Foxes  in  a  canoe,  wlio  begged 
him  to  go  to  their  village.  Perrot  consented,  and 
when  he  went  into  a  chiefs  lodge  they  placed  be- 
fore him  broiled  venison,  and  raw  meat  for  the 
rest  of  the  French.  He  refused  to  eat  because, 
said  he,  "  that  meat  did  not  give  him  any  spirit, 
but  he  woulu  take  some  when  the  Outagamis 
[Foxes]  were  more  reasonable."  He  then  eluded 
them  for  not  having  gone,  as  requested  by  the 
Governor  of  Canada,  to  the  Detroit  of  Lake 
Erie,  and  during  the  absence  of  the  French  fight- 
ing with  the  Chippeways.  Having  ordered  them 
to  go  on  their  beaver  hunt  and  only  fight  against 
the  Iroquois,  he  left  a  few  Frenchmen  to  trade 
and  proceeded  on  his  journey  to  the  Sioux  coun- 
try. Arriving  at  the  portage  between  the  Fox  and 
Wisconsin  Rivers  they  were  impeded  by  ice,  but 
with  the  aid  of  some  Pottawattomies  they  trans- 
ported their  goods  to  the  AVisconsin.  which  they 
found  no  longer  frozen.  The  Chippeways  were 
informed  that  their  daughters  had  been  taken 
from  the  Foxes,  and  a  deputation  came  to  take 
them  back,  but  being  attacked  by  the  Foxes,  who 
did  not  know  their  errand,  they  fled  without  se- 
curing the  three  girls.    Perrot  then  ascended  the 


Mississippi  to  the  post  which  in  1684  he  had 
erected,  just  above  the  mouth,  and  on  the  east 
side  of  Lake  Pepin. 

As  soon  as  the  rivers  were  navigable,  the  Na- 
douaissioux  came  down  and  escorted  Perrot  to 
one  of  their  villages,  where  he  was  welcomed 
witli  much  enthusiasm.  He  was  carried  upon  a 
beaver  robe,  followed  by  a  long  line  of  warriors, 
each  bearing  a  pipe,  and  singing.  After  taking 
him  around  the  village,  he  was  borne  to  the  chief's 
lodge,  when  several  came  in  to  weep  over  his  head, 
with  the  same  tenderness  that  the  Ayoes  (loways) 
dill,  when  Perrot  several  years  before  arrived  at 
Lake  Pepin.  '•  These  weepings,"  says  an  old 
chronicler  "  do  not  weaken  their  soids.  They  are 
very  good  warriors,  and  reported  the  bravest  in 
that  region.  They  are  at  war  with  all  the  tribes 
at  present  except  the  Saulteurs  [Cliippeways]  and 
Ayoes  [loways],  and  even  with  these  they  have 
quarrels.  At  the  break  of  day  the  Nadouaissioux 
bathe,  even  to  the  youngest.  Tliey  have  very  fine 
forms,  but  the  women  are  not  comely,  and  they 
look  upon  them  as  slaves.  They  are  jealous  and 
suspicious  about  them,  and  they  are  the  cause 
of  quarrels  and  blood-shedding. 

"  The  Sioux  are  very  dextrous  with  their  ca- 
noes, and  they  fight  unto  deatli  if  surroiuuled, 
Their  country  is  full  of  swamps,  which  shelter 
them  in  summer  from  being  molested.  One  must 
be  a  Nadouaissioux,  to  find  the  way  to  their  vil- 
lages." 

While  Perrot  was  absent  in  New  York,  fightr 
ing  the  Senecas,  a  Sioux  chief  knowing  that  few 
Frenchmen  were  left  at  Lake  Pepin,  came  with 
one  hundred  warriors,  and  endeavored  to  pillage 
it.  Of  this  complaint  was  made,  and  the  guilty 
leader  was  near  being  put  to  death  by  his  associ- 
ates. Amicable  relations  having  been  formed, 
preparations  were  made  by  Perrot  to  return  to 
his  post.  As  they  were  going  away,  one  of  the 
Frenchmen  complained  that  a  box  of  his  goods 
had  been  stolen.  Perrot  ordered  a  voyageur  to 
bring  a  cup  of  water,  and  into  it  he  po\ired  some 
brandy.  He  then  addressed  the  Indians  ajid  told 
them  he  would  dry  up  their  marshes  if  the  goods 
were  not  restored;  and  then  he  set  on  fire  the 
brandy  in  the  cup,  The  savages  were  astonished 
and  terrilied,  and  supposed  that  he  possessed  su- 
pernatural powers ;  and  in  a  little  while  the  goods 


32 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


were  found  and  restored  to  the  owner,  and  the 
French  descended  to  their  stockade. 

The  Foxes,  while  Perrot  was  in  the  Sioux 
country,  chanseii  their  village,  and  settled  on  the 
Alississippi.  Coniiiif;  u\<  to  visit  I'erml.  tliey 
asked  liim  to  establisli  friendly  relations  lietween 
them  and  the  Sioux.  At  the  time  some  Sioux 
were  at  the  jiost  tradiufi  furs,  and  at  first  they 
supposed  the  French  were  plotting  with  the 
Foxes.  Peri-ot.  however,  eased  them  by  lu-esenl- 
ing  the  calumet  and  saying  that  the  French  con- 
sidered tlie  Oiitagamis  [Foxes]  as  brothers,  and 
tlieii  adduig:  ■•Smoke  in  my  ]>ii)e;  this  is  the 
manner  with  which  Onoutio  [(iovenior  of  Can- 
a<la]  feeds  his  children."  The  Sioux  replied  that 
they  wislied  the  Foxes  to  smoke  first.  This  was 
reluctantly  done,  and  the  Sioux  smoked,  but 
would  not  conclude  a  definite  i)eace  until  they 
consulted  their  chiefs.  This  was  not  concluded, 
because  Perrot.  before  the  chiefs  came  down, 
received  orders  to  return  to  Canada. 

About  this  tinic.  iii  the  presence  of  Father  Jo- 
8ei)h  James  JMarest.  a  Jesuit  missionary.  Hoisguil- 
lot.  a  trader  on  the  Wisconsin  and  Mississippi.  Lc 
Sueur,  who  afterward  built  a  post  below  the  Saint 
Croix  Kiver.  about  nhie  miles  fmm  Hastings,  the 
following  document  was  prepared: 

"  Nicholas  Perrot.  commanding  for  the  King  at 
the  post  of  the  Xadouessioux.  commLssioned  by 
the  .Marquis  Denonville.  (iovernor  and  Lieuten- 
ant tiovenior  of  all  New  France,  to  manage  the 
interests  of  commerce  among  all  the  Indian  tribes 
and  jjcople  of  the  Hay  des  Puants  [Green  Bay]. 
Nadouessioux.  .Mascoutens.  ami  other  western  na- 
tions of  the  rjijier  ilississippi.  auil  to  lake  pns- 
sessiou  in  the  King's  name  of  all  the  ]ilaccs  wlieri' 
lie  has  lieretotore  been  and  wliillicr  he  will  go: 

"  We  this  day.  the  eighth  of  .May.  one  thousand 
six  hundred  and  eighty-nine,  do.  in  the  presence 
of  the  Heverend  Father  Marest.  of  the  Society  of 
Jesus,  Jlissionary  auiong  the  Xadouessl<iux,  of 
Alonsieurde  IJoisguiJIot.  commandiMg  the  French 
in  the  neighborhood  of  tlu^  Ouiskonche.  ou  tlie 
Mississippi,  Aiigustin  Legardeur,  Ksipiire.  Sieiir 
de  Caumout.  and  of  Messieum  Le  Sueur.  Ilcbert. 
Lemire  and  lilcin. 

"Declare  to  all  whom  it  may  concern,  that,  be- 
ing come  from  the  Hay  fles  I'uiuits.  ami  to  the 
Lake  of  the  ()uiskou<'hes.  we  did  Iransjxirt  our- 
selves to  the  country  of  the  Nadouessioux,  on  the 


border  of  the  river  St.  Croix,  and  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  St.  Pierre,  on  the  bank  of  which  were 
the  Mantantans.  and  further  up  to  the  interior, 
as  far  as  the  Mem-hokalonx  [.Med-ay-wah-kawn- 
twawn].  with  whom  dwell  the  majority  of  the 
Songeskitons  [Se-see-twawnsJ  and  other  Xadou- 
essioux who  are  to  the  northwest  of  the  ^lissis- 
sippi.  to  take  )iossession.  for  and  in  the  name  of 
the  King,  of  the  countries  and  rivet's  inhabited  by 
the  said  trilies.  and  of  which  they  are  proprietors. 
The  present  act  done  in  our  presence,  signed  with 
our  hand,  and  subscribe(l."" 

The  three  Chipi)eway  girls  of  whom  mention 
has  been  made  were  still  with  the  Foxes,  and 
Perrot  took  them  with  hiui  to  Mackniaw.  uiiou 
his  retinii  to  Canada. 

A\liile  there,  tlie  ( )tt  a  was  held  some  prisoners 
upon  an  island  not  far  from  the  mainland.  The 
.Jesuit  Fathers  went  over  and  tiied  to  save  the 
captives  from  harsh  treatment,  but  were  unsuc- 
cessfid.  The  canoes  appeared  at  length  near  each 
other,  one  man  iiaddling  in  each,  while  the  war- 
riors were  answering  the  shouts  of  the  prisoners, 
who  each  held  a  white  stick  in  his  hand.  As 
they  neared  the  shore  the  chief  of  the  party  made 
a  sjieech  to  the  Indians  who  lived  on  the  shore, 
and  giving  a  hi.story  of  the  camiiaign.  told  them 
that  they  were  masters  of  the  inisoners.  The 
warriors  then  came  on  land.  and.  according  to 
custom,  abandoned  the  spoils.  An  old  man  then 
ordered  nine  men  to  conduct  the  i)risoners  to  a 
sei)arate  place.  The  women  and  the  young  men 
formed  a  line  with  big  sticks.  'J'lie  young  pris- 
oners soon  found  their  feel,  but  the  old  men  were 
so  badly  used  they  spat  blood,  and  they  were  con- 
dcinnril  lo  lii'  liurni'cl  al  Uie  .Maniilion. 

The  Jesuit  Fathers  and  the  French  ollicers 
were  much  embarrassed,  and  fear(>(l  thai  the  Iro- 
quois would  complain  of  tlic  little  care  wliicli  had 
been  used  to  )iir\cnl  cruelly. 

Perrot.  in  this  emcrifencN .  walkid  to  the  iilai'c 
where  the  iirisoners  were  singing  the  death  dirge. 
in  ex]ieclalion  of  being  buiiu'il.  and  told  them  to 
sit  down  anil  be  silent.  A  few  Otiauwaws  rudely 
tolil  them  to  sing  on.  but  Perrot  forbade.  He 
then  went  back  to  the  Council,  where  the  old  men 
had  rendercil  jndL'Uiciil .  and  ordered  one  iirisoner 
to  be  burned  at  .Mackinaw  .  oni'  al  Sanlt  St.  Marie 
and  anothi-r  al  (ireen  Hay.  rndaunted  he  spoke 
as  follows:    "  1  cimie  lo  cut  the  strings  of  the 


PERROT  VISITS  THE  LEAD  Ml^ES. 


33 


dogs.  I  will  not  suffer  them  to  be  eaten .  I  have 
pity  on  them,  since  my  Father,  Onontio,  has  com- 
manded me.  You  Outaouaks  [OttawawsJ  are 
like  tame  bears,  who  will  not  recognize  them  who 
has  brought  them  up.  You  have  forgotten  Onon- 
tio's  protection.  When  he  asks  your  obedience, 
you  want  to  rule  over  him.  and  eat  the  flesh  of 
those  children  he  does  n(.>t  wish  to  give  to  you. 
Take  care,  that,  if  oyu  swallow  them,  Onontio 
will  tear  them  with  violence  from  between  your 
teeth.  I  speak  as  a  brother,  and  I  think  I  am 
showing  pity  to  your  children,  by  cutting  the 
bonds  of  your  prisoners." 

His  boldness  had  the  desired  effect.  The  pris- 
oners were  released,  and  two  of  them  were  sent 
with  him  to  Montreal,  to  be  returned  to  the  Iro- 
quois. 

On  the  22nd  of  May,  1690,  with  one  hundred 
and  forty-three  voyageurs  and  six  Indians,  Fer- 
ret left  Montreal  as  an  escort  of  Sieur  de  Lou- 
vigny  La  Forte,  a  half-pay  captain,  appointed  to 
succeed  Durantaye  at  Mackinaw,  by  Frontenac, 
the  new  Governor  of  Canada,  who  in  October  of 
the  previous  year  had  arrived,  to  take  the  place 
of  Denouville. 

Perrot,  as  he  approached  Mackinaw,  went  in 
advance  to  notify  the  French  of  the  coming  of 
the  commander  of  the  post.  As  he  came  in  siglit 
of  the  settlement,  he  hoisted  the  white  flag  with 
the  fleur  de  lis  and  the  voyageurs  shouted,  '•  Long 
live  the  king!  "  Louvigny  soon  appeared  and  was 
received  by  one  hundred  "  coureur  des  bois " 
imder  arms. 

From  Mackinaw,  Ferrot  proceeded  to  Green 
Bay,  and  a  party  of  Miainis  there  begged  him  to 
make  a  trading  establishment  on  tlie  Mississippi 
towards  the  Ouiskonsing (Wisconsin.)  Thecliief 
made  him  a  present  of  a  piece  of  lead  from  a 
mine  which  he  had  found  in  a  small  stream  which 
flows  into  the  ilississippi.  Ferrot  promised  to 
visit  him  within  twenty  days,  and  the  cliief  tlien 
returned  to  his  village  below  the  d'Ouiskonche 
(iWsconsin)  River. 

Having  at  length  reached  his  post  on  Lake 

Fepin,  he  was  Informed  that  the  Sioux  were 

forming  a  large  war  party  against  the  Outaga- 

mis  (Foxes)  and  other  aUies  of  the  French.    He 

gave  notice  of  bis  arrival  to  a  party  of  about  four 

hundred  Sioux  who  were    on  the  Mississippi. 
3 


They  arrested  the  massengers  and  came  to  tlie 
post  for  the  purpose  of  plunder.  Perrot  asked 
them  why  they  acted  in  this  manner,  and  said 
that  the  Foxes,  Jliamis,  Kickapoos,  Illinois,  and 
Alaskoutens  had  united  in  a  war  party  against 
them,  but  that  he  had  persuaded  them  to  give  it 
up,  and  now  he  wished  them  to  return  to  their 
families  and  to  their  beaver.  The  Sioux  declared 
that  they  had  started  on  the  war-path,  and  that 
they  were  ready  to  die.  After  they  had  traded 
their  furs,  they  sent  for  Ferrot  to  come  to  their 
camp,  and  begged  that  he  would  not  hinder  them 
from  seai'ching  for  their  foes.  Perrot  tried  to  dis- 
suade them,  but  they  insisted  that  the  Spirit  had 
given  them  men  to  eat,  at  three  days'  journey 
from  the  post  Then  more  powerful  influences 
were  used.  After  giving  them  two  kettles  and 
some  merchandise,  Poerrt  spoke  thus:  "  I  love 
your  life,  and  I  am  sure  you  will  be  defeated. 
Yoiu-  Evil  Spirit  has  deceived  you.  If  you  kill 
the  Outagamis,  or  their  allies,  you  must  strike  me 
first;  if  you  kill  them,  you  kill  me  just  the  same, 
for  I  hold  them  under  one  wing  and  you  under 
the  other."  After  this  he  extended  the  calumet, 
which  they  at  first  refused;  but  at  length  a  chief 
said  he  was  right,  and,  making  invocations  to  the 
sun,  wished  Ferrot  to  take  him  back  to  his  arms. 
Tliis  was  granted,  on  condition  that  he  would 
give  up  his  weapons  of  war.  Tlie  chief  then  tied 
them  to  a  pole  in  the  centre  of  the  fort,  tin-ning 
them  toward  the  sun.  He  then  persuaded  the 
other  chiefs  to  give  up  the  expedition,  and,  send- 
ing for  Perrot,  he  placed  the  calumet  before  him, 
one  end  in  the  earth  aud  the  other  on  a  small 
forked  twig  to  hold  it  firm.  Then  he  took  from 
his  own  sack  a  pair  of  his  cleanest  moccasins,  and 
taking  off  Perrot's  shoes,  put  on  these.  After  he 
had  made  him  eat,  presenting  the  calumet,  lie 
said:  "  We  listen  to  you  now.  Do  for  us  as  you 
do  for  our  enemies,  aud  prevent  them  from  kill- 
ing us,  and  we  will  separate  for  the  beavei-  hunt. 
The  sun  is  the  witness  of  our  obedience." 

After  this,  Ferrot  descended  the  Mississippi 
and  revealed  to  the  Maskoutens,  who  had  come  to 
meet  him,  how  he  had  pacified  the  Sioux.  He, 
about  this  period,  in  accordance  witli  lii.s  prom- 
ise, visited  the  lead  mines.  He  found  the  ore 
abundant  "  but  the  lead  hard  to  work  because  it 
lay  between  rocks  which  required  blowing  up. 
It  had  very  little  dross  and  was  easily  melted." 


34 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Penicaut,  who  ascended  the  Mississippi  in  1700, 
WTOte  that  twenty  leagues  below  the  Wisconsin, 
on  both  sides  of  tlie  Mississippi,  were  mines  of 
lead  called  "  Nicolas  Perrofs."  Early  French 
maps  indicate  as  the  locality  of  lead  mines  the 
site  of  modem  towns,  Galena,  in  Illmois,  and  Du- 
bnqiie.  in  Iowa. 

In  August.  Ii)!t8.  about  two  hundred  French- 
men from  Mackinaw,  with  delegates  from  the 
tribes  of  the  West,  arrived  at  Montreal  to  at- 
tend a  grand  council  called  by  Governor  Fronte- 
nac,  and  among  these  was  Perrot. 

On  the  Iir.st  .Sunday  in  .Sei)tember  the  ginernor 


gave  the  Indians  a  great  feast,  after  which  they 
and  the  traders  began  to  return  to  the  wilder- 
ness. Perrot  was  ordered  by  Frontenac  to  es- 
tablish a  new  post  for  the  IMiamis  in  ^Michigan, 
in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Kalamazoo  River. 

Two  years  later  he  is  present  again,  m  August, 
at  a  council  in  ^loiitreal,  then  returned  to  the 
"West,  and  in  1099  is  recalled  from  Green  Bay. 
In  1701  he  was  at  Montreal  acting  as  interpreter, 
and  appears  to  have  died  before  1718:  his  wife 
was  iladeline  llaclos,  and  his  residence  was  in 
the  Seigneury  of  Becancourt,  not  far  from  Three 
Rivers,  on  the  St.  Lawrence. 


B.li?ON  LA  HONTAN'S  FABULOUS  VUl'AOi:. 


85 


CHAPTER   VI. 


BARON  LA  HONTAN'S  FABULOUS  VOYAGE. 


La  Hoiitan,  a  G.-wcon  by  Birth,  — Early  Life.— Description  of  Vox  ami  Wisconsin 
Rivers  —Indian  Feast.— Alleged  Ascent  of  Long  River.- Bobe  Exposes  the 
Deception.— Route  to  the  Pacific. 

The  "  Travels"  of  Baron  La  Hontan  appeared 
in  A.  D.  1703.  both  at  London  and  at  ILigiie,  and 
were  as  salealjle  and  readable  as  those  of  Ilemiepin, 
which  were  on  the  counters  of  booksellers  at  the 
same  time. 

La  Hontan,  a  Gascon  by  Ijirth,  and  in  style  of 
writing,  when  about  seventeen  years  of  age,  ar- 
rived in  Canada,  in  1683,  as  a  private  soldier,  and 
was  with  Gov.  L)e  la  Barre  in  his  expedition  of 
1684,  toward  Niagara,  and  was  also  in  the  battle 
near  Rochester,  New  York,  in  1687,  at  which  Du 
Lnth  and  Perrot,  explorers  of  Minnesota,  were 
present. 

In  1688  he  appears  to  have  been  sent  to  Fort 
St.  Joseph,  which  was  built  by  Du  Luth,  on  the 
St.  Clare  River,  near  the  site  of  Fort  Gratiot, 
Michigan.  It  is  possible  that  he  may  have  accom- 
panied Perrot  to  Lake  Pepin,  who  came  about 
this  time  to  reoccupy  liis  old  post. 

From  the  following  extracts  it  will  be  seen  that 
his  style  is  graphic,  and  that  he  probably  had  been 
in  1688  in  the  valley  of  the  Wisconsin.  At  Mack- 
inaw, after  his  return  from  his  pretended  voyage 
of  the  Long  River,  he  writes: 

"  I  left  here  on  the  24th  September,  with  my 
men  and  five  Outaouas,  good  hunters,  whom  I 
have  before  mentioned  to  you  as  having  been  of 
good  service  to  me.  All  my  brave  men  being 
provided  with  good  canoes,  filled  with  provisions 
and  ammunition,  together  with  goods  for  the  In- 
dian trade,  I  took  advantage  of  a  north  wind,  and 
in  three  days  entered  the  Bay  of  the  Pouteouata- 
mis,  distant  from  here  about  forty  leagues.  The 
entrance  to  the  bay  is  full  of  islands.  It  is  ten 
leagues  wide  and  twenty-five  in  length. 

"  On  the  29th  we  entered  a  river,  which  is  quite 
deep,  whose  waters  are  so  affected  by  the  lake 
that  they  often  rise  and  fall  three  feet  in  twelve 


hours.  Tliis  is  an  observation  that  I  made  dur- 
ing these  three  or  four  days  that  I  passed  here. 
The  Sakis,  the  Poutouatamis,  and  a  few  of  the 
Malominis  have  their  villages  on  the  border  of  this 
river,  and  the  Jesuits  have  a  house  there.  In  the 
place  there  is  carried  on  quite  a  commerce  in  furs 
and  Indian  corn,  which  the  Indians  tratBc  with 
the  '  coureurs  des  bois'  that  go  and  come,  for  it  is 
their  nearest  and  most  convenient  passage  to  the 
ilississippi. 

"  The  lands  here  are  very  fertile,  and  produce, 
almost  without  culture,  the  wheat  of  our  Europe, 
peas,  beans,  and  any  quantity  of  fruit  imknown 
in  France. 

"  The  moment  I  landed,  the  warriors  of  three 
nations  came  by  turns  to  my  cabin  to  entertain 
me  with  the  pipe  and  chief  dance ;  the  first  m 
proof  of  peace  and  friendship,  the  second  to  indi- 
cate their  esteem  and  consideration  for  me.  In 
retiu-n,  I  gave  them  several  yards  of  tobacco,  and 
beads,  with  which  they  trimmed  their  capots.  The 
next  morning,  I  was  asked  as  a  guest,  to  one  of 
the  feasts  of  this  nation,  and  after  having  sent  my 
dishes,  which  is  the  custom,  I  went  towards  noon. 
They  began  to  compliment  me  of  my  arrival,  and 
after  hearing  them,  they  all,  one  after  the  other, 
began  to  sing  and  dance,  in  a  manner  that  I  will 
detail  to  you  when  I  have  more  leisure.  These 
songs  and  dances  lasted  two  hours,  and  were  sea- 
soned with  whoops  of  joy,  and  qinbbles  that  they 
have  woven  into  their  ridiculous  musique.  Then 
the  captives  waited  upon  us.  The  whole  troop 
were  seated  in  the  Oriental  custom.  Each  one 
had  his  portion  Ijefore  him,  like  our  monks  in 
their  refectories.  They  commenced  by  placing 
four  dishes  before  me.  The  first  consisted  of  two 
wliite  fish  simply  boiled  in  water.  The  second 
was  chopped  meats  with  the  boiled  tongue  of  a 
bear ;  the  third  a  beaver's  tail,  all  roasted.  They 
made  me  drink  also  of  a  synip,  mixed  with  water, 
made  out  of  the  maple  tree.    The  feast  lasted  two 


36 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


ho\irs,  after  wliieli,  I  requested  a  chief  of  the 
nation  to  sing  for  me ;  for  it  is  the  custom,  when 
we  have  business  with  them,  to  employ  an  inferior 
for  self  in  all  the  ceremonies  they  iierfonu.  I 
gave  him  several  jiieces  of  lohaceo,  to  oblige  him 
to  keep  the  i>art y  till  ilark.  The  next  day  and  the 
day  following.  I  attended  the  feasts  of  the  other 
nations,  where  I  observed  the  same  formalities." 

lie  alleges  that,  on  the  23d  of  October,  he 
reached  the  Mississippi  River,  and,  ascending,  on 
the  3d  of  November  he  entered  into  a  river,  a 
tributary  from  the  west,  that  was  almost  without 
a  current,  and  at  its  mouth  filled  with  rushes. 
lie  then  describes  a  journey  of  five  hundred  miles 
up  this  stream.  He  declares  he  found  upon  its 
banks  three  great  nations,  the  Eokoros,  Ivssa- 
napes,  and  Gnacsitares,  and  because  he  ascended 
it  for  sixty  days,  he  named  it  Long  TJiver. 

For  years  his  wondrous  story  wasljelieved.  and 
geographers  hastened  to  trace  it  upon  theii'  maps. 
But  in  time  tlie  voyage  up  the  Long  River  was 
discovered  to  be  a  fabrication.  There  is  extant 
a  letter  of  Hobe,  a  l^riest  of  the  Congregation  of 
the  Mission,  dated  Versailles.  March  lo,  1710,  and 
addressed  to  De  L'Isle,  the  geographer  of  the 
Academy  of  Sciences  at  Paris,  which  exposes  the 
deception. 

He  writes:  "  It  seems  to  me  that  you  might 
give  tlie  name  of  Bourbonia  to  these  vast  conn- 
tries  which  are  between  the  Missotni.  Mississijipi, 
and  the  Western  Ocean.  Would  it  not  be  welj  to 
effaj'e  that  great  river  which  La  Ilontan  says  he 
discoveredV 

"  All  the  Canadians,  and  even  the  Governor 
General,  liave  told  me  that  this  river  is  unknown. 
If  it  existed,  the  French,  wlio  are  on  llie  Illinois. 
and  at  Ouabaclie,  would  know  of  it.  Tlie  last 
volume  of  the  '  Lettrcs  Kdiliantes'  of  the  Jesuits, 
in  which  tliere  is  a  very  lirie  relation  of  the  Illinois 
Country,  does  not  speak  of  it,  any  more  than  the 
letters  which  I  received  this  year,  wliicli  tell  won- 
ders of  the  beauty  and  goodness  of  llie  country. 
They  send  nie  some  quite  pretty  work,  made  by 
tlie  wife  of  one  of  the  principal  chiefs. 

'•Tliey  tell  me.  that  among  tlie  Siioux,  of  the 
Mississippi,  tliere  are  always  I'lciichnicn  trading: 
that  the  course  oi  Ihc  Mississipiii  is  from  udilh 
to  west,  and  from  west  to  south;  that  it  is  known 
thai  toward  thi^  source  of  Dw  .Mississippi  there  is 
a  river  iu  the  highlands  that  leads  tu  the  western 


ocean;  that  the  Indians  say  that  they  liave  seen 
bearded  men  with  caps,  who  gather  gold-dust  on 
the  seashore,  but  that  it  is  very  far  from  this 
country,  and  that  they  pass  through  many  nations 
unknown  to  the  French. 

••  I  have  a  memoir  of  La  Motte Cadillac,  furm- 
erly  Governor  of  ^lissilimackinack.  who  says  that 
if  St.  Peters  [ilinnesotaj  Uiver  is  ascended  to  its 
source  they  will,  according  to  all  appearance,  find 
in  the  highland  another  river  leading  to  the  West- 
ern Ocean. 

"  For  the  last  two  years  I  have  tormented 
exceedingly  the  Governor-tieneral,  M.  Raudot, 
and  M.  Duche,  to  move  them  to  discover  this 
ocean.  If  I  succeed,  as  I  hope,  we  shall  hear 
tidings  before  three  years,  and  1  shall  have  the 
pleasure  and  the  consolation  of  having  rendered 
a  good  service  to  Geography,  to  Religion  and  to 
the  Stotc." 

Charlevoix,  in  his  History  of  New  France,  al- 
ludmg  to  La  lIontan"s  voyage,  writes:  "  The 
voyage  up  the  Long  River  is  as  fabulous  as  the 
Island  of  Barrataria,  of  which  Sanclio  Panza  was 
governor.  Nevertheless,  in  i'rauce  and  else- 
where, most  people  have  received  these  memoirs 
as  the  fruits  of  the  travels  of  a  gentleman  who 
wrote  badly,  altliougli  ijuite  lightly,  and  who  had 
no  religion,  but  who  described  pretty  sincerely 
what  he  had  seen.  The  consequence  is  that  the 
comi>ilers  of  historical  and  geographical  diction- 
aries have  almost  always  followed  and  cited  them 
in  preference  to  more  faithful  records." 

Even  in  modern  times,  Nicollet,  emiiloycil  by 
the  United  Slates  to  explore  the  I'ppcr  Mississ- 
ipiii.  has  the  following  in  his  rejiort: 

"Having  procured  a  copy  of  La  Ilontan's 
book,  in  which  there  is  a  roughly  made  map  of 
his  Long  River,  I  was  stnick  with  the  resem- 
blance of  its  course  as  laid  down  with  that  of 
Cannon  River,  which  I  had  previously  sketched 
in  my  own  lield-book.  I  .soon  convinced  myself 
that  the  i)rincipal  statements  of  the  Baron  in  rcf- 
I'leiice  to  the  country  and  the  few  details  he  gives 
111' the  physical  character  of  the  tlir  river,  coin- 
cide remarkably  with  what  I  had  laid  down  as 
bi'longing  to  Cannon  Hivcr.  Tlieii  the  lakes  and 
swamps  corrcsiMinilcd;  traces  of  IndJan  villages 
menlioni'd  by  him  miglit  be  found  by  a  growth 
of  wild  grass  that  jiiopagates  itself  around  all  old 
Indian  settlemenUs." 


LE  SUHUIi,  EXPLOBER  OF  THE  MINNESOTA  RIVER. 


37 


CHAPTER  YII. 


LE   SUETJR,  EXPLORER   OF   THE   MINNESOTA  RIVER. 


U  Sueur  Visits  lake  Pcpin.-Stationed  nl  la  Pointc-EstaMishes  a  Post  on  an 
Island  Above  Lake  Pepin. -Island  Described  by  Fenicant.-Kirsl  S  onx  Chief 
at  Montreal.-Ojibway  Chiefs-  Si.eeches.-Speecli  of  Sioux  Chief-Teeoskah- 
tny's  Death.— Le  Sneur  Goes  to  France.— Posts  West  of  Mackinaw  Abandoned 
— Le  Sueur's  License  Revoked.— Second  Visit  to  France- Arrives  in  Gulf  of 
Mexico  with  D'Iber\ille.— Ascends  the  Mississippi.— Lead  Mines.— Canadians 
Fleeing  from  the  Sioux.— At  the  Mouth  of  the  Wisconsin.— Sioux  Robbers,— Elk 
Hunting.- Lake  Pepin  Described  — Rattlcsnakes.-U  Place  Killad.— St.  Croix 
River  Named  After  a  Frenchman.— Lc  Sueur  Reaches  St.  Pierre,  now  Minne- 
sota River— Enters  Mankahto,  or  Blue  Earth.  River.- Sioux  of  the  Plains.— 
Fort  L'Uuillier  Completed.— Conferences  with  Sioux  Bands  — Assinaboines  a 
Separated  Sioux  Band.-An  Indian  Feast. -Names  of  the  Sioux  Bands.-Char- 
levoix's  Account.-Le  Sueur  Goes  with  D'Iberville  to  France.-D'IberviUe's 
Memorial.- Early  Census  ol  Indian  Tribes. —Prnicaufs  Account  of  Fort  L'Huil 
lier.-Le  Sueur's  Departure  from  the  Fort.-D'Evacie  Lett  in  Oiarge.- Return' 
to  Mobile —Juchereau  at  Mouth  of  Wisconsin.  -Bondor  a  Montreal  Merchant  — 
Sioux  Attack  Miainis.— Boudor  Robbed  by  the  Sioux. 

Le  Sueur  was  a  native  of  Canada,  and  a  rela- 
tive of  D'lbendlle,  tlie  early  Governor  of  Louis- 
iana. He  came  to  Lake  Pepin  in  1683,  ■\vitli 
Nicholas  Perrot,  and  his  name  also  appears  at- 
tached to  the  document  prepared  in  i\Iay,  1689, 
after  Perrot  had  re-occupied  his  post  just  above 
the  entrance  of  the  lake,  on  the  east  side. 

In  1692,  he  was  sent  by  Governor  Frontenac  of 
Canada,  to  La  Pointe,  on  Lake  Superior,  and  in  a 
dispatch  of  1693,  to  the  French  Government,  is 
the  following  :  '•  Le  Sueur,  another  voyageur,  is 
to  remain  at  Chagouamagon  [La  Pointe]  to  en- 
deavor to  maintain  the  peace  lately  concluded  be- 
tiveen  the  Saulteiu-s  [Chippeways]  and  Sioux. 
This  is  of  the  greatest  consequence,  as  it  is  now 
the  sole  pass  by  which  access  can  be  had  to  the 
latter  nation,  whose  trade  is  very  profitable ;  the 
country  to  the  south  being  occupied  by  the  Foxes 
and  :Maskoutens.  who  sexeral  times  plundered  the 
French,  on  the  ground  they  were  carrying  ammu- 
nition to  the  Sioux,  their  ancient  enemies." 

Entering  the  Sioux  country  in  1694.  he  estab- 
lished a  jiost  upon  a  prairie  island  in  the  .Missis- 
sippi, about  nine  miles  below  the  present  town  of 
Hastings,  according  to  Bellin  and  others.  Peni- 
caut,  who  accompanied  him  in  the  exploration  of 
the  Minnesota,  writes,  "  At  the  extremity  of  the 
lake  [Pepin]  you  come  to  the  Isle  Pelee,  so  called 
because  there  are  no  trees  on  it.   It  is  on  this  island 


that  the  French  from  Canada  established  their 
fort  and  storehouse,  and  they  also  -ninter  here, 
because  game  is  very  abundant.  In  the  month  of 
Septemlier  they  bring  their  store  of  meat,  obtained 
by  hunting,  and  after  having  skinned  and  cleaned 
it,  hang  it  upon  a  crib  of  raised  scaffolding,  in 
order  that  the  extreme  cold,  which  lasts  from 
September  to  March,  may  preserve  it  from  spoil- 
ing. During  the  whole  winter  they  do  not  go  out 
except  for  water,  when  they  have  to  break  the  ice 
every  day,  and  the  abin  is  generally  built  upon 
the  bank,  so  as  not  to  have  far  to  go.  "When 
spring  arrives,  the  savages  come  to  the  island, 
bringing  their  merchandize." 

On  the  fifteenth  of  July.  169.5.  Le  Sueur  arrived 
at  Montn^al  with  a  party  of  Ojibways,  and  tlie 
first  Dakotah  brave  that  had  ever  visited  Canada. 

The  Indians  were  much  impressed  witli  the 
power  of  France  by  the  marching  of  a  detach- 
ment of  seven  hundred  picked  men,  under  Chev- 
alier Cresafi,  who  were  on  their  way  to  La  Chine. 

On  the  eighteenth,  Frontenac,  in  the  presence 
of  Callieres  and  other  persons  of  distinction,  gave 
them  an  audience. 

The  first  speaker  was  the  chief  of  the  Ojibway 
band  at  La  Pohite.  Shingowahbay,  who  said: 

"  That  he  was  come  to  pay  his  respects  to  Onon- 
tio  [the  title  given  the  Governor  of  CanaiUi]  in  the 
name  of  the  young  warriors  of  Point  Chngouami- 
gon,  and  to  thank  him  for  having  given  them 
some  Frenchmen  to  dwell  with  them;  to  testify 
their  sorrow  for  one  Jobin,  a  Frenchman,  who 
was  killed  at  a  feast,  accidentally,  and  not  ma- 
liciously. We  come  to  ask  a  favor  of  you,  which 
is  to  let  us  act.  We  are  allies  of  the  Scion.  Some 
Outagamies,  or  Mascoutins,  have  been  killed. 
The  Scion  came  to  mourn  with  us.  Let  us  act. 
Father;  let  us  take  revenge. 

"  Le  Sueur  alone,  who  is  acquainted  with  the 
language  of  the  one  and  the  other,  can  serve  us. 
We  ask  that  he  return  with  us." 


38 


EXPLOSERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MIXyESOTA. 


Another  speaker  of  the  Ojibways  was  Le  Bro- 

chet. 

Teeoskahtay,  the  Dalikntah  chief,  before  he 
spoke,  spread  out  a  beaver  robe,  and,  laying  an- 
other witli  a  toliacc'o  poucli  and  otter  skin,  began 
to  weep  bitterly.    After  drying  his  tears,  he  said: 

■■  .Vll  of  the  nations  had  a  father,  who  afforded 
them  protection;  all  of  them  have  iron.  But  he 
was  a  bastard  in  quest  of  a  father;  he  was  come 
to  see  him,  and  hopes  that  he  will  take  pity  on 
him." 

lie  then  placed  upon  the  beaver  robe  twenty- 
two  arrows,  at  each  arrow  naming  a  Dahkotah 
village  that  desired  Frontenac"s  protection.  Re- 
suming his  speech,  he  remarked: 

"  It  is  not  on  account  of  what  I  bring  that  I 
hope  him  who  rules  the  eartli  will  have  pity  on 
me.  I  learned  from  the  Sauteurs  that  he  wanted 
nothing;  that  he  was  the  Master  of  the  Iron;  that 
he  had  a  big  heart,  into  which  he  could  receive 
all  the  nations.  Tliis  has  induced  me  to  abandon 
my  people  and  come  to  seek  his  protection,  and 
to  beseech  bim  to  receive  me  among  the  number 
of  his  children.  Take  courage.  Great  Captain, 
and  reject  me  not;  despise  me  not.  tliough  1  ap- 
pear poor  in  your  eyes.  All  tlie  nations  here 
present  know  that  I  am  rich,  and  the  little  they 
offer  here  is  taken  from  my  lands." 

Count  Frontenac  in  rei)ly  told  the  chief  that  he 
would  receive  the  Dahkotahs  as  his  children,  on 
condition  that  tliey  would  be  obedient,  and  that 
he  would  send  back  Le  Sueur  with  him. 

Teeoskahtay,  Uiking  hold  of  the  governor's 
knees,  wept,  and  said:  ''Take  pity  on  us;  we 
are  well  aware  tliat  we  are  not  al>le  to  speak,  be- 
ing cliildren;  but  Le  Sueur,  who  understands  our 
language,  and  has  seen  all  our  villages,  will  next 
year  inform  you  what  will  have  been  achieved  ]>\ 
the  Sioux  nations  represented  by  those  arrows  be- 
fore you." 

Having  finished,  a  Dahkotah  woman,  the  wife 
of  a  great  chief  wliom  Le  Sueur  liad  purchased 
from  captivity  at  Mackinaw,  approaclied  tliose  in 
aulliorily,  and,  with  downcast  eyes,  embraced 
their  knees,  weeping  and  saying: 

"  I  thank  thee.  Father;  it  is  by  thy  means  1 
have  bi-en  libcraled,  and  am  no  longer  caiitivc." 

Then  Teeoskahtay  resumed: 

"  I  speak  like  a  man  penetrated  with  joy.  Tlie 
Great  Cajitain;  lie  who  is  the  Master  of  Iron,  as- 


sures me  of  his  protection,  .and  I  promise  him  that 

if  he  condescends  to  restore  my  children,  now 
prisoneis  among  the  Foxes,  Ottawas  and  llurous, 
I  will  return  hither,  and  bring  with  me  the  twen- 
ty-two villages  whom  lie  has  just  restored  to  life 
by  promising  to  send  them  Iron.'" 
j  On  the  14th  of  August,  two  weeks  after  the 
Ojibway  chief  left  for  his  home  on  Lake  Superior. 
Nicholas  Perrot  arrived  with  a  deputation  of 
Sauks,  Foxes,  ^lenomonees,  Miamis  of  Maramek 
and  Potto watomies. 

Two  days  after,  they  had  a  council  with  the 
governor,  who  tlius  spoke  to  a  Fox  brave: 

'■  I  see  that  yon  are  a  young  man;  your  nation 
has  quite  turned  away  from  my  wishes;  it  has 
pillaged  some  of  my  young  men.  whom  it  has 
treated  as  slaves.  I  know  that  your  father,  who 
loved  the  French,  had  no  hand  in  the  indignity. 
You  only  imitate  the  example  of  your  father 
who  had  sense,  when  you  do  not  co-operate 
with  those  of  your  tribe  who  are  wishing  to  go 
over  to  my  enemies,  after  they  grossly  insulted 
me  and  defeated  the  Sioux,  whom  I  now  consider 
my  son.  I  pity  the  Sioux;  I  pity  tlie  dead  whose 
loss  I  deplore.  Perrot  goes  tip  tliere.  and  he  will 
speak  to  your  nation  from  me  for  the  release  of 
their  prisoners;  let  them  attend  to  hmi." 

Teeoslikahtay  never  returned  to  his  native  land. 
■While  in  Jilontreal  he  was  taken  sick,  and  in 
thirty-three  days  he  ceased  to  breatlie;  and.  fol- 
lowed by  white  men,  his  body  was  interred  in  the 
wliite  man's  grave. 

Le  Sueur  instead  of  going  back  to  Minnesota 
that  year,  as  was  expected,  went  to  France  and 
received  a  license,  in  Ifift".  to  open  certain  mines 
supjiosed  to  exist  in  Minnesota.  The  ship  in 
wliich  he  was  returning  was  captured  by  the  Eng- 
lisli,  and  he  was  taken  to  England.  After  his 
release  he  went  back  to  France,  and,  in  lG!t8,  ob- 
tained a  new  commission  for  mining. 

AVliile  Le  Sueur  was  in  Europe,  the  Uahkotas 
waged  war  against  tlie  Foxes  and  Miamis.  In 
retaliation,  tlie  latter  raised  a  war  paiiy  and  en- 
tered the  land  of  the  Dalikotahs.  Finding  their 
foes  intrenilicil.  and  assisted  by  "  coureurs  des 
bois,"  tliey  were  indignant;  and  on  tlieir  return 
they  had  a  skiniiisli  with  some  Frenclimen,  who 
were  carrying  goods  to  the  Dahkotahs. 

Shortly  after,  they  met  Perrot,  and  were  about 
to  burn  him  to  death,  when  prevented  by  some 


LE  SVEUB  ASCENDS  THE  MISSISIPPI  BIVEB. 


39 


friendly  Foxes.  The  Miamis,  after  this,  were 
disposed  to  be  friendly  to  the  Iroquois.  In  1696, 
the  year  previous,  the  authorities  at  Quebec  de- 
cided that  it  was  expedient  to  abandon  all  the 
posts  west  of  Mackinaw,  and  withdraw  the  French 
from  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota. 

The  voyageurs  were  not  disposed  to  leave  the 
country,  and  the  governor  wrote  to  Pontchar- 
train  for  instructions,  in  October,  1698.  In  his 
dispatch  he  remarks: 

"In  this  conjuncture,  and  under  all  these  cir- 
cumstances, we  consider  it  our  duty  to  postpone, 
until  new  instructions  from  the  court,  the  execu- 
tion of  Sieur  Le  Sueur's  entei-prise  for  the  mines, 
though  the  promise  had  already  been  given  him 
to  send  two  canoes  in  advance  to  Missilimackinac, 
for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  there  some  pro- 
visions and  other  necessaries  for  his  voyage,  and 
that  he  would  be  permitted  to  go  and  join  them 
early  in  the  spring  with  the  rest  of  his  hands. 
AVhat  led  us  to  adopt  this  resolntion  has  been, 
that  the  French  who  remained  to  trade  off  with 
the  Five  Nations  the  remainder  of  their  merch- 
andise, might,  on  seeing  entirely  new  comers 
arriving  there,  consider  themselves  entitled  to 
dispense  with  coming  down,  and  perhaps  adopt 
the  resolution  to  settle  there;  whilst,  seeing  no 
arrival  there,  with  permission  to  do  what  is  for- 
bidden, the  reflection  they  will  be  able  to  make 
during  the  winter,  and  the  apprehension  of  being 
guilty  of  crime,  may  oblige  them  to  return  in  the 
spring. 

"  This  would  be  very  desirable,  in  consequence 
of  the  great  difficulty  there  will  be  in  constraining 
them  to  it,  should  they  be  mcUnedto  lift  the  mask 
altogether  and  become  buccaneers;  or  should 
Sieur  Le  Sueur,  as  he  easily  could  do,  furnish 
them  with  goods  for  their  beaver  and  smaller 
peltary,  wliich  he  might  send  down  by  the  retiun  of 
other  Frenchmen,  whose  sole  desire  is  to  obey,  and 
who  have  remained  only  because  of  the  impossi- 
bility of  getting  their  effects  down.  This  would 
rather  induce  those  who  would  continue  to  lead  a 
vagabond  life  to  remain  there,  as  the  goods  they 
would  receive  from  Le  Sueur"s  people  would  afford 
them  the  means  of  doing  so." 

In  reply  to  this  communication,  Louis  XH'. 
answered  that — 

"  His  majesty  has  approved  that  the  late  Sieur 
de  Frontenac  and  De  Champigny  suspended  the 


execution  of  the  license  granted  to  the  man  named 
Le  Sueur  to  proceed,  with  fifty  men,  to  explore 
some  mines  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi.  He 
has  revoked  said  license,  and  desires  tliat  the  said 
Le  Sueur,  or  any  other  person,  be  prevented  from 
leaving  the  colony  on  pretence  of  going  in  search 
of  mines,  without  his  majesty's  express  permis- 
sion." 

Le  Sueur,  undaimted  by  these  drawbacks  to  the 
prosecution  of  a  favorite  project,  again  visited 
France. 

Fortunately  for  Le  Sueur,  D'Iberville.  who  was 
a  friend,  and  closely  connected  by  marriage,  was 
appointed  governor  of  the  new  territory  of  Louis- 
iana. In  the  month  of  December  he  arrived  from 
France,  with  thirty  workmen,  to  proceed  to  the 
supposed  mines  in  Minnesota. 

On  the  thirteenth  of  July,  1700.  with  a  felucca, 
two  canoes,  and  nineteen  men,  having  ascended 
the  Mississippi,  he  had  reached  the  mouth  of  the 
Jilissouri,  and  six  leagues  above  this  he  passed  the 
Illinois.  He  there  met  three  Canadians,  who 
came  to  join  him,  with  a  letter  from  Father  Mar- 
est,  who  had  once  attempted  a  mission  among  the 
Dahkotahs,  dated  July  13,  Mission  Immaculate 
Conception  of  the  Holy  Virgin,  in  Illinois. 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  write,  in  order  to  inform 
you  that  the  Saugiestas  have  been  defeated  by  the 
Scioux  and  Ayavois  [lowas].  The  people  have 
formed  an  alliance  with  the  Quincapous  [Kicka- 
poos],  some  of  the  Mecoutins,  Renards  [Foxes], 
and  Metesigamias,  and  gone  to  revenge  them- 
selves, not  on  the  Scioux,  for  they  are  too  much 
afraid  of  them,  but  perhaps  on  the  Ayavois,  or 
very  likely  upon  the  Paoutees,  or  more  probably 
upon  the  Osages,  for  these  suspect  nothing,  and 
the  others  are  on  their  guard. 

"  As  you  will  probably  meet  these  allied  na- 
tions, you  ought  to  take  precaution  against  their 
plans,  and  not  allow  them  to  board  your  vessel, 
since  thty  are  traitors,  and  utterly  faithkss.  I  pray 
God  to  accompany  you  in  all  your  designs." 

Twenty-two  leaguesabove  the  Illinois,  he  passed 
a  small  stream  which  he  called  the  River  of  Oxen, 
and  nine  leagues  beyond  this  he  passed  a  small 
river  on  the  west  side,  where  he  met  four  Cana- 
dians descending  the  Mississippi,  on  their  way  to 
the  Illinois.  On  the  30th  of  July,  nine  leagues 
above  tlie  last-named  river,  he  met  seventeen 
Scioux,  in  seven  canoes,  who  were  going  to  re- 


40 


EXPLOEEBS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


venge  the  death  of  three  Scioiix.  one  of  whom  had 
been  burned,  and  tlie  others  killed,  at  Tamarois, 
a  few  days  hefV)re  his  arrival  in  that  village.  As 
he  had  promised  the  ehief  of  the  Illinois  to  ap- 
pease the  Scioux  who  should  go  to  war  agaiust 
his  nation,  he  made  a  present  to  the  chief  of  the 
parly  to  engage  him  to  turn  haek.  lie  told  them 
the  King  of  i'rance  did  not  \\ish  them  to  make 
tills  river  more  bloody,  and  that  he  was  sent  to  tell 
them  that,  if  they  obeyed  the  king's  word,  they 
would  reieive  in  future  all  things  necessary  for 
them.  The  chief  answered  that  he  accepted  the 
present,  that  is  to  say,  that  he  would  do  as  had 
been  told  him. 

From  the  30th  of  July  to  the  2oth  of  August.  Le 
Sueur  advanced litl>-llireeaud  one-fom-th leagues 
to  a  small  river  which  he  called  the  Kiver  of  the 
Mine.  At  the  mouth  it  nuis  from  the  nortli,  but 
it  turns  to  the  norllieast.  On  the  right  seven 
leagues,  there  is  a  lead  mine  in  a  prairie,  one  and 
a  half  leagues.  Tlie  river  is  only  navigable  in 
high  \\atcr.  that  is  to  say.  from  early  spring  till 
the  month  of  June. 

From  the  2oth  to  the  :i7tli  he  made  ten  leagues, 
pas.sed  two  small  rivers,  and  made  himself  ac- 
iiuainled  witli  a  mine  of  lead,  from  which  he  took 
a  supply.  From  the  27th  to  the  Hdtli  he  made 
eleven  and  a  half  leagues,  and  met  five  ( 'anadians. 
one  (if  whom  had  been  dangerously  wounded  in 
the  head.  They  were  naked,  and  hail  no  ammu- 
nition except  a  miserable  gun,  with  live  or  six 
loatls  of  ]>owder  and  balls.  They  said  they  were 
descending  from  the  Scioux  to  go  l<i  Tamarois. 
and,  when  seventy  leagues  above,  they  jiereeived 
nine  canoes  in  the  Mississippi,  in  which  were 
ninety  savages,  who  robbed  and  cruelly  beat  them. 
This  party  were  going  to  war  against  the  Scioux. 
and  were  comjiosed  of  four  difierent  nations,  the 
Oulagamies  [Foxes],  Poutouwalamis  |  I'nttowalta- 
mies].  and  I'nans  fWiiniebagoes],  who  dwell  in  a 
country  eighty  leagues  east  of  the  Mississiiijii 
from  wliere  Le  Sueur  then  was. 

The  Canadians  determined  to  follow  the  detach- 
ment, which  was  i(im|iosed  of  twenty-eight  men. 
This  day  they  madi;  seven  ami  a  half  leagues. 
On  the  1st  of  September  he  passed  the  Wiscon.sin 
river.  It  nnis  into  the  Mississippi  from  the  north- 
east. It  is  nearly  one  and  a  half  miles  wide.  At 
about  s<-venty-live  leagues  up  this  river,  on  the 
right,  ascending,  there  is  a  i)orUige  of  nmre  than 


a  league.  The  half  of  this  portage  is  shaking 
ground,  and  at  the  end  of  it  is  a  small  river  which 
descends  Into  a  bay  called  AVinnebago  Bay.  It  is 
inhabited  l)y  a  great  number  of  nations  who  cany 
their  furs  to  Canada,  ilousiem-  Le  Sueur  came 
by  the  Wisconsin  river  to  the  Mississippi,  for  the 
first  lime,  in  KiSS,  (in  his  way  to  the  Scioux  coun- 
try, where  he  had  already  passed  seven  years  at 
different  periods.  The  Mississippi,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  the  Wisconsin,  is  less  than  half  a  mile 
wide.  From  the  1st  of  September  to  the  oth.  our 
voyageur  advanced  fourteen  leagues.  He  passed 
the  river  "  Aux  Cauots."  which  comes  from  the 
northeast,  and  then  the  Quincapous.  named  from 
a  nation  which  once  dwelt  upon  its  lianks. 

From  the  oth  to  the  'Jth  he  made  ten  and  a  half 
leagues,  and  passed  the  rivers  Cachee  and  Aux 
Ailes.  The  same  day  he  perceived  canoes,  (llled 
with  savages,  descending  the  river,  and  the  five 
Canadians  recognized  them  as  the  party  who  had 
robbed  them.  They  placed  senthiels  in  the  wood, 
for  fear  of  being  surprised  by  land,  and  when 
they  had  aiijiroacbed  witliin  hearing,  they  cried  to 
them  that  if  they  approached  farther  they  would 
fire.  They  then  drew  up  by  an  island,  at  half  the 
distance  of  a  gun  shot.  Soon,  four  of  the  jirinci- 
pal  men  of  the  band  a)iproached  in  a  canoe,  and 
asked  if  it  was  forgotten  that  they  were  our 
i)retliren.  and  with  what  design  we  had  taken 
arms  when  we  perceived  them.  Le  Sueur  replied 
that  he  had  cause  to  distrust  them,  since  they  had 
rol)bed  five  of  his  party.  Nevertheless,  for  the 
surety  of  his  trade,  being  forced  to  be  at  )>eiice 
with  all  the  tribes,  he  demanded  no  redress  for 
the  robliery,  but  added  merely  that  the  king,  their 
master  and  his,  wished  that  his  subjects  should 
navigate  that  river  without  insult,  and  tliat  they 
had  better  beware  how  they  acted. 

The  Indian  whci  had  spoken  was  silent,  but  an- 
other said  tliey  had  lieen  attacked  by  the  Scioux, 
and  that  if  they  did  not  have  pity  on  them,  and 
give  them  a  little  jKiwder.  they  should  not  be  able 
to  reach  their  villages.  The  consideration  of  a 
missionaiy.  who  was  to  go  up  among  the  Scioux, 
and  whom  these  savages  might  meet,  induced 
them  to  give  two  iiouuds  of  iiowder. 

M.  Le  Sueur  made  the  same  day  three  leagues; 
jiassed  a  stream  on  the  west,  and  afterward  an- 
other river  on  the  east,  which  is  ua\igable  at  all 
times,  ami  wliich  the  Imhaiis  call  Hed  Uivcr. 


BATTLE8NAKES  ON  SHOEES  OF  LAKE  PEPIN. 


41 


On  the  10th,  at  daybreak,  they  heard  an  elk 
whistle,  on  the  other  side  of  the  river.  A  Cana- 
dian crossed  in  a  small  8cioux  canoe,  which  they 
had  found,  and  shortly  returned  with  the  body  of 
the  animal,  whicli  was  very  easily  killed,  "qnand 
il  est  en  rut,"  that  is,  from  the  beginning  of  Sep- 
tember imtil  the  end  of  October.  The  hunters  at 
this  time  made  a  whistle  of  a  piece  of  wood,  or 
reed,  and  when  they  hear  an  elk  whistle  they  an- 
swer it.  The  animal,  believing  it  to  be  another 
elk,  approaches,  and  is  killed  with  ease. 

From  the  10th  to  the  1-tth,  >I.  Le  Sueur  made 
seventeen  and  a  half  leagues,  passing  the  rivers 
Raisin  and  Paquilenettes  (perhaps  the  "Wazi  Ozu 
and  Buffalo.)  The  same  day  he  left,  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Mississippi,  a  beautiful  and  large  river, 
which  descends  from  the  very  far  north,  and 
called  Bon  Secours  (Chippeway),  on  account  of  the 
great  quantity  of  buffalo,  elk,  bears  and  deers 
which  are  found  there.  Three  leagues  up  this 
river  there  is  a  mine  of  lead,  and  seven  leagues 
above,  on  the  same  side,  they  found  another  long 
river,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  there  is  "a  copper 
mine,  from  which  he  had  taken  a  lump  of  sixty 
poinuls  in  a  former  voyage.  In  order  to  make 
these  mines  of  any  account,  peace  must  be  ob- 
tained between  the  Scioux  and  Ouatagamis  (Fox- 
es), because  the  latter,  who  dwell  on  the  east  side 
of  the  Mississippi,  pass  this  road  continually  when 
going  to  war  against  the  Sioux. 

Penicaut,  in  his  journal,  gives  a  brief  descrip- 
tion of  the  Mississippi  between  the  Wisconsin 
and  Lake  Pepin.  lie  writes:  '-Above  the  Wis- 
consin, and  ten  leagues  higher  on  the  same  side, 
begins  a  great  prairie  extending  for  sixty  leagues 
along  the  bank;  this  prairie  is  called  Atix  Ailes. 
Opposite  to  Aux  Ailes,  on  the  left,  there  is 
another  prairie  facing  it  called  Paquilanet  which 
is  not  so  long  by  a  great  deal.  Twenty  leagues 
above  these  prairies  is  found  Lake  Bon  Secours  " 
[Good  Help,  now  Pepin.] 

In  this  region,  at  one  and  a  half  leagues  on  the 
northwest  side,  commenced  a  lake,  which  is  six 
leagues  long  and  more  than  one  broad,  called 
Lake  Pepin.  It  is  bounded  on  the  west  by  a 
chain  of  mountains;  on  the  east  is  seen  a  prairie; 
and  on  the  northwest  of  the  lake  there  is  another 
prairie  two  leagues  long  and  one  wide.  In  the 
neighborhood  is  a  chain  of  mountains  quite  two 
hundred  feet  high,  and  more  than  one  and  a  half 


miles  long.  In  these  are  found  several  caves,  to 
which  the  bears  retire  in  winter.  Most  of  the 
caverns  are  more  than  seventy  feet  in  extent,  and 
two  hundred  feet  high.  There  are  several  of 
which  the  entrance  is  very  narrow,  and  quite 
closed  up  with  saltpetre.  It  would  be  dangerous 
to  enter  them  in  summer,  for  they  are  filled  with 
rattlesnakes,  the  bile  of  which  is  very  dangerous. 
Le  Sueur  saw  some  of  these  snakes  which  were 
six  feet  in  length,  but  generally  they  are  about 
four  feet.  They  have  teeth  resembling  those  of 
the  pike,  and  their  gums  are  full  of  small  vessels, 
in  which  their  poison  is  placed.  The  Scioux  say 
they  take  it  every  mornin  ',  and  cast  it  away  at 
night.-  They  have  at  the  tail  a  kind  of  scale  which 
makes  a  noise,  and  this  is  called  the  rattle. 

Le  Sueur  made  on  this  day  seven  and  a  half 
leagues,  and  passed  another  river,  called  lliam- 
bouxecate  Ouataba,  or  the  River  of  Flat  Rock. 
[The  Sioux  call  the  Cannon  river  Inyanbosndata.] 

On  the  loth  he  crossed  a  small  river,  and  saw 
in  the  neighborhood  several  canoes,  fdled  with 
Indians,  descending  the  Mississippi.  He  sup- 
posed they  were  Scioux,  because  he  could  not  dis- 
tinguish whether  the  canoes  were  large  or  small. 
The  arms  were  placed  in  readiness,  and  soon  they 
heard  the  cry  of  the  savages,  which  they  are  ac- 
customed to  raise  when  they  rush  upon  their  en- 
emies. He  caused  them  to  be  answered  in  the 
same  manner;  and  after  having  placed  all  the 
men  behind  the  trees,  he  ordered  them  not  to  fire 
until  they  were  commanded.  He  remained  on 
shore  to  see  what  movement  the  savages  would 
make,  and  perceiving  that  they  placed  two  on 
shore,  on  the  other  side,  where  from  an  eminence 
they  could  ascertain  the  strength  of  his  forces,  he 
caused  the  men  to  pass  and  repass  from  the  shore 
to  the  wood,  in  order  to  make  them  believe  that 
they  were  numerous.  This  ruse  succeeded,  for 
as  soon  as  the  two  descended  from  the  eminence 
the  chief  of  the  party  came,  bearing  the  calumet, 
which  is  a  signal  of  peace  among  the  Indians. 
They  said  that  having  never  seen  the  French  navi- 
gate the  river  with  bo.itslike  the  felucca,  they  had 
supposed  them  to  be  English,  and  for  that  reason 
they  had  raised  the  war  cry,  and  aiTanged  them-  • 
selves  on  the  other  side  of  the  Mississippi;  but 
having  recognized  their  flag,  they  had  come  with- 
out fear  to  inform  them,  that  one  of  their  num- 
ber, who  was  crazy,  had  accidentally  killed  a 


42 


EXPLORERS  AUD  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Frenchman,  and  that  tliey  wonld  ro  and  biinRliis 
comrade,  who  would  tell  how  the  mischief  had 
happened. 

The  Frenchman  they  bronght  was  Denis,  a  Ca- 
nadian, and  he  rei>orted  that  liis  companion  was 
accidentally  killed.  His  name  was  Laplace,  a  de- 
serting soldier  from  Canada,  who  had  taken  ref- 
uge in  tliis  country. 

Le  Sueur  replied,  that  Onontio  (the  inune  they 
give  to  all  the  governors  of  Canada),  being  their 
father  and  his,  they  ought  not  to  seek  justification 
elsewhere  than  before  him:  and  he  advised  them 
to  go  and  see  him  as  soon  as  itossiiile.  and  liej; 
him  to  wipe  off  the  blood  of  this  Frcndnnan  from 
their  faces. 

The  party  was  composed  of  forty-seven  men  of 
different  nations,  who  dwell  far  to  the  east,  about 
the  forty-fourth  degree  of  latitude.  Le  Sueur, 
discovering  wlio  the  chiefs  were,  said  the  king 
whom  they  had  si)()ken  of  in  Canada,  had  sent 
him  to  talie  possession  of  the  north  of  the  river: 
and  that  he  W'ished  the  nations  who  dwell  on  it. 
as  well  as  those  luider  his  priitectiim.  to  live  in 
peace. 

He  made  tliis  day  tliree  and  three-fourths 
leagues;  and  on  the  16th  of  September,  he  left  a 
large  river  on  the  east  side,  nunud  St.  Croix,  he- 
cause  a  Frenchiitaii  nf  Hint  name  was  .•<JiipiL-recled 
ut  its  mouth.  It  comes  from  the  north-northwest. 
Four  leagues  higher,  in  going  up.  is  found  a  small 
lake,  at  the  mouth  of  which  is  a  very  large  mass 
of  copper.  It  is  on  the  edge  of  the  water,  in  a 
small  ridge  of  sandy  earth,  on  the  west  of  tliis 
lake.  [One  of  La  Salles  men  was  named  St. 
Croix.] 

From  the  Kith  to  the  litth,  he  advanced  thir- 
teen and  three-fourths  leagues.  .\ftiT  having 
made  from  Tamarois  two  hundred  aud  nine-  and  a 
half  leagues,  he  left  the  navigation  n|  ilie  .Missis- 
sippi, to  enter  the  river  St.  I'iene.  im  ihc  west 
aide.  IJy  the  1st  of  October,  he  ha<l  niadi'  iji  this 
river  forly-four  and  one-fourlli  leagues.  After  he 
entered  Hlue  river,  thus  iiameil  on  account  of  the 
muiesof  blue  earth  fiiiind  at  its  mouth,  he  found- 
ed his  )»ost.  situated  in  forty-four  ilegrees.  thir- 
teen minutes  north  latitude.  He  met  at  this 
place  nine  Scioiix,  who  told  liim  that  the  river 
behmged  to  the  Scioiix  of  the  west,  llie  Ayavois 
(lowas)  and  OtwUitas  (Ottoes).  who  lived  a  little 
farther  off;  that  it  was  not  their  custom  to  hunt 


on  ground  belonging  to  others,  unless  invited  to 
do  so  by  the  owntirs.  and  that  when  they  would 
come  to  the  fort  to  obtain  provisions,  they  would 
be  in  danger  of  being  killed  in  ascending  or  de- 
scending the  rivers,  v.hich  were  narrow,  and  that 
if  they  wmdd  show  their  pity,  he  niiuit  establish 
himself  on  the  Mississijrpi,  near  the  mouth  of  the  St. 
I'ierre.  where  the  Ayavois.  the  Otoctatas,  and  the 
other  ScioHX  could  go  as  well  as  they. 

Having  linished  their  speech,  they  leaned  over 
the  head  of  Le  Sueur,  according  to  their  custom, 
crying  out.  '■Ouaechissou  ouaepanimanalio."  that 
is  to  .say.  '•  Have  pity  upon  us."  Le  Sueur  had 
foreseen  that  the  estabhshment  of  Hlue  Earth 
river  would  not  please  the  Scioux  of  the  East, 
who  ^\■ere.  so  to  sjjeak.  masters  of  the  other  Scioux 
and  of  the  nations  which  will  be  hereafter  men- 
tioned, because  they  were  tlie  Jirst  with  whom  trade 
was  commenced,  and  in  consequence  of  wliich  they 
had  already  quite  a  number  of  guns. 

As  he  had  commenced  his  operations  not  only 
with  a  view  to  the  trade  of  beaver  but  also  to 
gain  a  knowledge  of  the  mines  which  he  had  pre- 
viously discovered,  he  told  them  that  he  was  sor- 
ry that  he  had  not  known  tlieir  intentions  sooner, 
and  that  it  was  just,  since  he  came  expressly  for 
them,  that  he  should  establish  himself  on  their 
land,  but  that  the  season  was  too  far  advanced 
for  him  to  return.  He  then  made  them  a  present 
of  powder,  balls  and  knives,  and  an  armful  of  to- 
bacco, to  entice  them  to  assemble,  as  soon  as  ])os- 
sible.  near  the  fort  he  was  about  to  construct, 
that  when  they  should  be  all  assembled  he  might 
tell  them  the  iiilention  of  the  king,  their  and  his 
sovereign. 

The  Scioux  of  the  West,  according  to  the  state- 
ment of  the  Eastern  Scioux,  have  more  than  a 
thousand  lodges.  They  do  not  use  canoes,  nor 
cultivate  the  earth,  nor  gather  wild  rice.  They 
remain  generally  on  the  jiiairies  which  are  be- 
tween the  I'pper  Mississippi  and  .Missouri  rivers, 
and  live  entirely  by  the  chase.  The  Scioux  gen- 
erally .say  they  have  three  souls,  and  that  after 
death,  that  which  has  done  well  goes  to  the  warm 
country,  that  which  has  done  evil  to  the  cold 
regions,  and  the  other  guards  the  body.  Poly- 
gamy is  common  among  them.  They  are  very 
jealous,  and  sometimes  fight  in  duel  for  their 
wives.  They  manage  the  bow  a<linirably,  and 
have  been  .seen  several  times  to  kill  ducks  on  the 


BLUE  EARTH  ASSAYED  BY  rHULLIER  IN  PARIS. 


43 


wing.  They  make  their  lodges  of  a  number  of 
buffalo  skins  interlaced  and  sewed,  and  carry 
them  ^\■berever  they  go.  They  are  all  great  smo- 
kers, but  their  manner  of  smoking  differs  from 
that  of  other  Indians.  There  are  some  Seioux 
who  swallow  all  the  smoke  of  the  tobacco,  and 
others  who,  after  having  kept  it  some  time  in 
their  mouth,  cause  it  to  issue  from  the  nose.  In 
each  lodge  there  are  usually  two  or  three  men 
with  their  families. 

On  the  third  of  October,  they  received  at  the 
fort  several  Seioux,  among  whom  was  Wahkan- 
tape,  chief  of  the  village.  Soon  two  Canadians 
arrived  who  had  been  hunting,  and  who  had  been 
robbed  by  the  Seioux  of  the  East,  who  had  raised 
their  guns  against  the  establishment  which  JI. 
Le  Sueur  had  made  on  Blue  Earth  river. 

On  tlie  fourteenth  the  fort  was  finished  and 
named  Fort  L'lliullier,  and  on  tlie  twenty-second 
two  Canadians  were  sent  out  to  invite  the  Aya- 
vois  and  Otoctatas  to  come  and  establish  a  vil- 
lage near  the  fort,  because  these  Indians  are  in- 
dustrious and  accustomed  to  cultivate  the  earth, 
and  they  hoped  to  get  provisions  from  them,  and 
to  make  them  work  in  the  mines. 

On  the  twenty-fourth,  six  Seioux  Oujalespoi- 
tons  wished  to  go  into  the  fort,  but  were  told 
that  they  did  not  receive  men  who  had  killed 
Frenchmen.  This  is  the  term  used  when  they 
have  insulted  them.  The  next  day  they  came  to 
the  lodge  of  Le  Sueur  to  beg  him  to  have  pity  on 
them.  They  wished,  according  to  custom,  to 
weep  over  his  head  and  make  him  a  present  of 
packs  of  beavers,  wliich  he  refused.  He  told 
them  he  was  surprised  that  people  who  had  rob- 
bed should  come  to  him ;  to  which  they  replied 
that  they  had  heard  it  said  that  two  Frenchmen 
had  been  robbed,  but  none  from  tlieir  village  had 
been  present  at  that  wicked  action. 

Le  Sueur  answered,  that  he  knew  it  was  tlie 
Mendeoucantons  and  not  the  Oujalespoitoiis  : 
"  but,"' continued  he,  '-yon  are  Seioux;  it  is  the 
Seioux  who  have  robbed  me,  and  if  I  were  to  fol- 
low your  maimer  of  acting  I  should  break  your 
heads ;  for  is  it  not  true,  that  when  a  stranger 
(it  is  thus  they  call  the  Indians  who  are  not 
Seioux)  has  insulted  a  Seioux,  Mendeoucanton. 
Oujalespoitons,  or  others — all  the  villages  revenge 
upon  the  first  one  they  meet?" 

As  they  had  notlung  to  answer  to  what  he  said 


to  them,  they  wept  and  repeated,  according  to 
custom,  "  Ouaecliissou  !  ouaepanimanabo  !"  Le 
Sueur  told  them  to  cease  crying,  and  added  that 
tlie  French  had  good  hearts,  and  that  they  had 
come  into  the  country  to  have  pity  on  them.  At 
the  same  time  he  made  them  a  i)resent,  saying  to 
them.  ••  Carry  back  your  beavers  and  say  to  all 
the  Seioux.  that  they  will  have  from  me  no  more 
powder  or  lead,  and  they  will  no  longer  smoke 
any  long  \)']]m  until  they  have  made  satisfaction 
for  robbuig  the  Frenchman. 

The  same  day  the  Canadians,  who  had  l)een 
sent  off  on  the  2-'d.  arrived  w-ithout  having  found 
the  road  which  led  to  the  Ayavois  and  Otoctatas. 
On  the  2oth,  Le  Sueur  went  to  the  river  with 
three  canoes,  which  he  filled  with  green  and  blue 
earth.  It  is  taken  from  the  hills  near  which  are 
very  abundant  mines  of  copper,  some  of  which 
was  worked  at  Paris  in  1696,  by  L'lluillier.  one 
of  the  chief  collectors  of  the  king.  Stones  were 
also  found  there  which  would  be  curious,  if 
worked. 

On  the  ninth  of  November,  eight  Mantanton 
Seioux  arrived,  who  had  been  sent  by  their  chiefs 
to  say  that  the.  3Ien(koitcantrms  tcere  still  at  thiir 
lake  oil  the  euM  of  the  MlssUKipiji.  and  they  could 
not  come  for  a  long  time  ;  and  that  for  a  single 
village  which  had  no  good  sense,  the  others  ought 
not  to  bear  the  punishment  ;  and  that  they  were 
willing  to  make  reparation  if  tliey  knew  how. 
Le  Sueur  replied  that  he  was  glad  that  they  had 
a  disposition  to  do  so. 

On  the  loth  the  two  Mantanton  Seioux,  who 
liail  been  sent  expiessly  to  say  that  all  of  the 
Seioux  of  the  east,  and  part  of  those  of  the  west, 
were  joined  together  to  come  to  the  French,  be- 
cause they  had  heard  that  the  Christianaux  and 
the  Assinipoils  were  making  war  on  them. 
These  two  nations  dwell  almve  the  fort  on  the 
east  side,  more  than  eighty  leagues  on  the  I'pper 
Mississippi. 

The  Assinipoils  speak  Seioux,  and  are  certainly 
of  that  nation.  It  is  oidy  a  few  years  since  that 
they  l)e(;ame  enemies.  The  enmity  thus  origi- 
nated: The  Christianaux.  having  the  use  of  arms 
before  the  Seioux,  through  the  English  at  Hud- 
son's Bay,  they  constantly  warred  upon  the  As- 
sinipoils, who  were  their  nearest  neiglibors. 
The  latter,  being  weak,  sued  for  jieace,  and  to 
render  it  more  lasting,  married  the  Christianaux 


44 


EXPLOREBS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


women.  The  other  Scioux,  who  had  not  made 
the  compact,  continued  the  war:  and.  seeing  some 
Christianaux  with  tlie  Assinii>oils.  broke  their 
heads.  The  Christianaux  furnished  the  Assini- 
poils  with  arms  and  merchandise. 

On  the  16th  the  Scioux  returned  to  their  vil- 
lage, and  it  was  rei)()rted  that  the  A>  avois  and 
Otoctatas  were  gone  to  estjiblish  themselves  to- 
wards the  Missouri  River,  near  the  Jilaha.  who 
dwell  in  that  region.  On  tlie  26tli  the  Mantan- 
tons  and  Oujalespoitons  arrived  at  tlie  fort:  and. 
after  they  had  ent^amjied  in  the  woods.  Wah 
kantape  came  to  beg  Le  Sneiir  to  go  to  liis 
lodge.  II>^  there  found  sixteen  men  witli  women 
and  children,  with  their  faces  daubed  with  blaclv. 
In  the  midiUc  of  the  lodge  were  several  buffalo 
skins  winch  were  sewed  for  a  carpet.  After  mo- 
tioning liim  to  .sit  down,  tliey  wept  for  the  fourtli 
of  an  lioiir.  and  tlie  chief  gave  Idm  some  wild 
rice  to  eat  (as  was  their  custom),  putting  the 
first  three  spoonsful  to  his  mouth.  After  whicli. 
he  sjiid  all  ))resent  were  relatives  of  Tioscate. 
wlioni  Le  Sueur  took  to  C'aiuuUi  in  lO'.i.).  ami  wbd 
died  there  in  KJliil. 

At  the  mention  of  Tioscate  they  bcj^an  to  wecji 
again,  and  wipe  their  tears  and  heads  upon  the 
shoulders  of  Le  Sueur.  Then  Wahkantape  again 
spoke,  and  sai<t  that  Tinscate  begge(|  him  to  for- 
get the  insult  ihine  t<i  the  Freiichnien  by  the 
Jlendeoucantons.  and  take  pity  on  his  brethren 
by  giving  them  powder  and  balls  whereby  they 
could  defend  tlieniselves.  and  gain  a  living  for 
their  wives  and  diildreii.  wlio  languish  in  a  coun- 
try full  of  game,  because  they  had  not  the  means 
of  killing  them.  ••  Look."  added  the  cliief.  ••  He- 
hold  thy  children,  thy  l)retliren,  and  thy  sisters: 
it  is  to  thee  to  see  whether  thou  wishest  them  to 
die.  They  will  live  if  thou  givesl  them  powder 
ami  liall;  lliey  will  ilie  if  thou  refusest." 

IjC  Sueur  graiite<l  them  their  recpiest.  but  as 
tlie  Scioux  never  answer  on  the  spot.  es])ecially 
in  niatlersof  importance,  and  as  he  had  to  speak 
to  them  aliout  Ids  establishmi-nt  he  went  out  of 
the  lodge  withoid  saying  a  word.  The  chief  and 
all  those  within  folldwed  him  as  far  as  the  door 
of  the  fort;  and  when  he  had  gone  in.  they  went 
around  it  three  times,  crying  with  all  their 
strength."  Atheouanan! '"  that  isldsay.  •'  Father. 
liave  pity  on  us."  [Ate  unyanpi.  means  Our 
Fatlier.l 


The  next  day,  he  assembled  in  the  fort  the 
principal  men  of  both  villages;  and  as  it  is  not 
pt)ssible  to  subdue  the  Scioux  or  to  hinder  them 
from  going  to  war.  iniless  it  be  by  inducing  them 
to  cultivate  the  earth,  he  said  to  them  that  if 
they  wished  to  render  themselves  worthy  of  the 
protection  of  the  king,  they  must  abandon  their 
erring  life,  and  fiii'iu  a  village  near  his  dwelling, 
where  they  wonlil  be  shielded  from  the  insults  of 
of  their  enemies;  and  that  they  might  be  hai)py 
and  not  luuigry.  he  would  give  them  all  the  corn 
necessary  to  plant  a  large  piece  of  ground;  that 
the  king,  their  and  his  chief,  in  sending  him,  had 
forbidden  him  to  purchase  beaver  skins,  knowing 
that  this  kind  of  Innding  separates  them  and  ex- 
poses them  to  their  enemies;  and  that  in  conse- 
quence of  this  he  had  come  to  establish  himself 
on  Hlue  Ttiver  and  viciiuty.  where  they  had  many 
times  assured  him  were  many  kinds  of  lieasts, 
for  the  skins  of  which  he  would  give  them  all 
things  necessary;  that  they  ought  to  reflect  that 
they  could  not  <ln  without  French  goods,  and  that 
theoidy  way  not  to  waul  tlieui  was.  nut  to  go  to 
war  with  our  allied  naticms. 

.\s  it  is  customary  willi  the  Tudjaiis  to  accom- 
pany their  word  with  a  ])reseiit  pnii)orti(ined  to 
the  alTair  treated  of.  he  gave  them  fifty  pouiKls  of 
powder,  as  many  balls,  six  guns,  ten  axes,  twelve 
armsful  of  tobacco,  and  a  hatehet  iiijie. 

On  the  first  of  December,  the  Maiitaiildiis  in- 
vited Le  Sueur  to  a  great  feast.  Of  foiu-  of  their 
lodges  they  had  made  one.  in  which  were  one 
hundred  men  seated  around,  and  e\ery  one  his 
dish  before  him.  .Vfter  the  meal.  Wahkantape, 
the  chief,  made  them  all  smoke,  one  after  another, 
in  the  hatchet  pipe  whiih  had  bi'en  given  them. 
Tie  then  made  a  jireseul  to  Le  Sueiu'  of  a  slave 
and  a  saek  of  wil<l  rice,  and  said  to  him.  showing 
hi  III  his  men:  ■•  lieiiolil  ijic  remains  of  this  great 
village,  wliicli  thou  hast  aforeliiiies  seen  so  nu- 
merous! .\ll  the  olheis  have  been  killed  in  war; 
and  the  few  nu'ii  whom  thou  seest  in  this  lodge, 
acccjit  the  present  thou  liast  made  them,  and  are 
resolved  to  obey  the  great  chief  of  all  nations,  of 
whom  tlioii  hast  sjiokeii  to  us.  Thou  oughtest 
not  to  regard  us  as  Scioux.  but  as  Freneh,  and  in- 
stead of  saying  the  Scioux  are  miserable,  and  have 
no  mind,  and  are  lit  for  nothing  but  to  rob  and 
steal  from  the  l'"reiK-h,  thou  shall  say  my  breth- 
ren are  miserable  and  have  no  iiiiml.  and  we  must 


IJIUERVILLE'S  MEMOIB  OK  THE  MISSISSIPPI  TRIBES. 


4S 


try  to  procure  some  for  them.  They  rob  us.  hut 
I  will  take  care  that  they  do  not  lack  iron,  that  is 
to  say,  all  kinds  of  goods.  If  thou  dost  this,  I  as- 
sure thee  that  in  a  little  time  the  Mantantons  will 
become  Frenchmen,  and  they  will  have  none  of 
those  vices,  with  which  thou  reproachest  us." 

Having  finished  his  speech,  he  covered  his  face 
with  his  garment,  and  the  others  imitated  him. 
They  wept  over  their  companions  who  had  died 
in  W'ar,  and  chanted  an  adieu  to  their  country  in 
a  tone  so  gloomy,  that  one  could  not  keep  from 
partaking  of  their  sorrow. 

Wahkantape  then  made  them  smoke  again,  and 
distributed  the  presents,  and  said  that  he  was  go- 
mg  to  the  Mendeoucantons,  to  inform  them  of  the 
resolution,  and  invite  them  to  do  the  same. 

On  the  twelfth,  three  ^lendeoucauton  chiefs, 
and  a  large  number  of  Indians  of  the  same  vil- 
lage, arrived  at  the  fort,  and  the  next  day  gave 
satisfaction  for  robbing  the  Frenchmen.  They 
brought  four  hiuidred  pounds  of  beaver  skins,  and 
promised  that  the  summer  following,  after  their 
canoes  were  built  and  they  had  gathered  their 
wild  rice,  that  they  would  come  and  establish 
themselves  near  the  French.  The  same  day  they 
returned  to  their  village  east  of  the  Mississippi. 

NAMES     OF     THE    BANDS     OF     SCIOUX     OF    THE 
EAST,  WITH  THEIR   SIGNIFICATIOK. 

Mantantons— That  is  to  say.  Village  of  the 
Great  Lake  which  empties  into  a  small  one. 

Mendeouacantons— Village  of  Spirit  Lake. 

QuiOPETONS — Village  of  the  Lake  willi  one 
River. 

PsiouJiANiTONs — Village  of  "Wild  Eice  Gath- 
erers. 

OuADEBATONs — The  Rivcr  Village. 

OUAETE3IANETONS — Village  of  the  Tribe  who 
dwell  on  the  Point  of  the  Lake. 

SoNGASQuiTONs — The  Brave  Village, 

THE   SCIOI'X    OF    THE    WEST. 

ToucHOUAESiNTONs — The  Village  of  the  Pole. 

PsiNCHATONs— Village  of  the  Red  M'ild  Rice.   ' 

Ou.TALESPOlTONs — Village  divided  into  many 
small  Bands. 

PsiNOUTANiiiNiiiXTONS  —  The  Great  Wild 
Rice  Village. 

TiNTANGAouGHiATONs  —  The   Graud  Lodge  I 
Village.  1 


OxJAEPETONS — Village  of  the  Leaf. 

OuGHETCiEODATONs — Duug  Village. 

OuAPEONTETONs — Village  of  those  who  shoot 
in  the  Large  Pine. 

HlNHANETONS  —  Village  of  the  Red  Stone 
Quarry. 

The  above  catalogue  of  villages  concludes  the 
extract  that  La-IIarpe  has  made  from  Le  Sueur's 
journal. 

In  the  narrative  of  ^Major  Long's  second  expe- 
dition, there  are  just  as  many  villages  of  the  Gens 
du  Lac,  or  iPdewakantonwan  Scioirx  mentioned, 
though  the  names  are  diilerent.  After  leaving 
the  Mille  Lac  region,  the  divisions  evidently  were 
different,  and  the  villages  known  by  new  names. 

Charlevoix,  who  visited  the  valley  of  the  Lower 
ilississippi  in  1722.  says  that  Le  Sueur  spent  a 
winter  in  his  fort  on  the  banks  of  the  Blue  Earth, 
and  that  in  the  following  April  he  went  up  to  the 
mine,  about  a  mile  above.  In  twenty-tno  days 
they  obtained  more  than  thirty  thousand  pounds 
of  the  substance,  four  thousand  of  which  were  se- 
lected and  sent  to  France. 

On  the  tenth  of  February,  1702,  Le  Sueur  came 
back  to  the  post  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  found 
D'lljerville  absent,  who,  however,  areived  on  the 
eighteenth  of  the  next  month,  with  a  ship  from 
France,  loaded  with  supplies.  After  a  few  weeks, 
the  Governor  of  Louisiana  sailed  again  for  the 
old  coimtry,  Le  Sueur  being  a  fellow  passenger. 

On  board  of  the  ship.  DTberville  wrote  a  mem- 
orial upon  the  Mississippi  valley,  with  sugges- 
tions for  carrying  on  commerce  therein,  which 
contains  many  facts  furnished  by  Le  Sueur.  A 
cojiy  of  the  manuscript  was  in  possession  of  the 
Historical  Society  of  Minnesota,  from  which  are 
the  following  extracts: 

"If  the  Sioux  remain  in  their  own  coimtry, 
they  are  useless  to  us.  being  too  distant.  We 
could  have  no  commerce  with  them  except  that 
of  the  beaver.  M.  Le  Sueur,  who  goes  to  France 
to  give  an  account  of  this  country,  is  the  proper  per- 
son to  make  these  movements.  He  estimates  the 
Sioux  at  four  thousand  families,  who  could  settle 
upon  the  Missouri. 

"  He  has  spoken  to  me  of  another  which  he 
calls  the  Mahas,  comimsed  of  more  than  twelve 
hundred  families.  The  Ayooues  (loways)  and  the 
Octoctatas,  tlieir  neighbors,  are  about  three 
hundred  famiUes.    They  occupy  the  lauds  be- 


46 


EXPLOREES  ASD  PIOyEEES  OF  jriXXESOTA. 


tween  the  Mississippi  and  the  Missouri,  about 
one  hundred  leagues  from  the  Illinois.  These 
savages  do  not  know  the  iise  of  arms,  and  a  de- 
scent might  be  made  upon  them  in  a  river,  which 
is  beyond  the  AVabash  on  the  west.    *    *    * 

"The  Assiniboucl.  Qnenistinos.  and  people  of 
the  nortli.  who  are  ujion  the  rivers  which  fall  into 
the  Mississippi,  and  trade  at  Fort  Xelson  (Hud- 
sou  Bay),  are  about  four  hundred.  We  could 
prevent  them  from  going  there  if  we  wish." 

'•  In  four  or  live  years  we  can  establish  a  com- 
merce witli  tlicse  savages  of  sixty  or  eighty  thou- 
sand buffalo  skins;  more  thmi  one  hundred  deer 
skins,  which  will  iiroduce.  delivered  in  France, 
more  than  two  million  four  hundred  thousand 
li^Tes  yearly.  One  might  obtain  for  a  buffalo 
skin  four  or  five  pounds  of  wool,  which  sells  for 
twenty  sous,  two  pounds  of  coarse  hair  at  ten 
sous. 

"  Besides,  from  smaller  i)ellnes,  two  hundred 
thousand  li\Tes  can  be  made  yearly." 

In  tlie  third  Volume  of  the  "History  and  Sta- 
tistics of  the  Indian  Tribes,"  prepared  under  the 
direction  of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  affairs, 
by  Mr.  .Schoolcraft,  a  manuscript,  a  copy  of  which 
was  in  i)ossession  of  ( ieneral  ( 'ass.  is  referred  to  as 
containing  the  first  enumeration  of  the  Indians  of 
the  Mi.ssissiiipi  A'alley.  The  following  was  made 
thirty-four  years  earlier  by  D'Iberville: 

"The  Sioux Families,     4.000 

Malias, 12.000 

Octata  and  Ayoues, 300 

Can.ses  [Kansas], 1,500 

Missouri, 1,.500 

Akansas,  &c 200 

Maiiton  [Maiidanj. 100 

I'auisfrawnee] 2.000 

Illinois,  of  the  great  village  and  Cania- 

roua  [Tamaroa], 800 

Jlleosigamea  [Metcliigamias] 200 

KikapouH  and  Mascoiitens,       ....         4oO 

Miamis,     .    , 500 

Chactas, 4.000 

Chicachas, 2.000 

Mobil  lens  and  Chohomes, 3o0 

(;onca<pies  [Coiicha.s], 2.000 

Ouma  [Iloumas], l'")0 

Cdlapissa 2o0 

IJayogoula 100 

People  of  the  Fork, 200 


Counica,  &c.  [Tonicas], 300 

Xadeches, 1,500 

Belochy.  [BiloxiJ  I'ascoboula 100 

Total. 23,850 

""  The  savage  tribes  located  in  the  places  I  have 
marked  out.  make  it  necessary  to  establish  three 
posts  on  the  Mississippi,  one  at  the  Arkansas, 
another  at  the  Wabash  (Ohio),  and  the  third  at 
the  ^lissouri.  At  each  post  it  would  be  proper 
to  have  an  ollicer  with  a  detachment  of  ten  sol- 
diers with  a  sergeant  and  corporal.  All  French- 
men should  be  allowed  to  settle  there  with  their 
families,  and  trade  with  the  Indians,  and  they 
might  establish  tamieries  for  properly  dressing 
the  buffalo  and  deer  skins  for  transportation. 

"  Xo  Frenchman  shall  he  allow(d  to  follow  the 
Indians  on  their  hunts,  as  it  tends  to  tecjj  iheni 
hunters,  as  is  seen  in  Canada,  and  when  they  are 
in  the  woods,  they  do  not  desire  to  become  tillers 
of  tlie  soil.  ******* 

"  I  have  said  nothing  in  this  memoir  of  which 
I  have  not  iiersonal  knowliMlge  or  the  most  relia- 
ble sources.  The  uiost  of  what  I  propose  is 
founded  upon  personal  retlection  in  relation  to 
what  might  be  done  for  the  defence  and  advance- 
ment of  the  colony.  ***** 
*  *  *  It  will  be  absolutely  necessary 
that  the  king  should  dellne  the  limits  of  this 
country  in  relation  to  the  govennnent  of  Canada. 
It  is  important  that  the  connnandant  of  the 
Mississippi  should  have  a  rejiort  of  those  who 
inhabit  the  rivers  that  fall  into  the  Mississippi, 
and  ]irincipally  those  of  the  river  Illinois. 

"  The  Canadians  intimate  to  the  savages  that 
they  ought  not  to  listen  to  us  but  to  the  governor 
of  Canada,  who  always  speaks  to  them  with  large 
presents,  that  the  governor  of  .Mississippi  is  mean 
and  never  sends  them  any  thing.  This  is  true, 
and  what  1  cannot  do.  It  is  imprudent  to  accus- 
tom the  savages  to  be  spoken  to  by  iiresents.  for. 
with  so  many,  it  would  cost  the  king  more  than 
the  revenue  derived  from  the  trade.  AVhen  they 
come  to  us.  it  will  be  necessary  tn  bring  them  in 
subjection,  make  them  no  presents,  and  compel 
them  to  (Id  what  we  wish,  as  if  they  tcej-c  French- 
men. 

"The  Spanianls  have  divided  the  Indians  into 
parlies  on  this  iioint.  and  we  can  do  the  same. 
AVlieu  one  nation  does  wrong,  we  can  cease  to 


PENICAVT  DESCRIBES  LIFE  AT  FORT  L'HUILLIER. 


47 


trade  witli  them,  and  threaten  to  draw  down  tlie 
hostility  of  otlier  Indians.  We  rectify  the  diffi- 
culty by  having  missionaries,  who  will  bring 
them  into  obedience  secretly. 

"The  Illinois  and  Masooiitens  have  detained 
the  French  canoes  they  find  upon  the  Mississippi, 
saying  that  the  governors  of  Canada  have  given 
them  permission.  I  do  not  know  whether  this  is 
so,  but  if  true,  it  follows  that  we  have  not  the 
liberty  to  send  any  one  on  the  Mississippi. 

"  M.  Le  Sueur  would  have  been  taken  if  he 
had  not  been  the  strongest.  Only  one  of  the 
canoes  lie  sent  to  the  Sioux  was  plundered."'  *  *  * 

Penicaufs  account  varies  in  some  particulars 
from  that  of  La  Ilarpe's.  He  calls  the  Mahkahto 
Green  River  instead  of  Blue  and  writes:  '■  We 
took  our  route  by  its  mouth  and  ascended  it  forty 
leagues,  when  we  found  another  river  falling  in- 
to the  Saint  Pierre,  which  we  entered.  We 
sailed  this  the  Green  River  because  it  is  of  that 
color  by  reason  of  a  green  earth  which  loosening 
itself  from  from  tlie  copper  mines,  becomes  dis- 
solved and  makes  it  green. 

"  A  league  up  this  river,  we  foimd  a  point 
of  land  a  quarter  of  a  league  distant  from  the 
woods,  and  it  was  upon  this  point  that  M.  Le 
Sueur  resolved  to  build  his  fort,  because  we  could 
not  go  any  higher  on  account  of  the  ice,  it  being 
the  last  day  of  September.  Half  of  our  people 
went  hunting  whilst  the  others  worked  on  the 
fort.  We  killed  four  hundred  buffaloes,  which 
were  our  provisions  for  the  whiter,  and  which  we 
placed  upon  scaffolds  in  our  fort,  after  having 
skimied  and  cleaned  and  quartered  them.  We 
also  made  cabins  in  tlie  fort,  and  a  magazine  to 
keep  our  goods.  After  having  drawn  up  our 
shallop  within  the  inclosure  of  the  fort,  we  spent 
the  winter  in  our  caljins. 

"  When  we  were  working  in  our  fort  in  the 
beginning  seven  French  traders  from  Canada 
took  refuge  there.  They  had  been  pillaged  and 
stripped  naked  by  the  Sioux,  a  wandering  nation 
living  only  by  hunting  and  plundering.  Among 
these  seven  persons  there  was  a  Canadian  gen- 
tleman of  Le  Sueur'sacquaintance,  whom  he  rec- 
ognized at  once,  and  gave  him  some  clothes,  as 
he  did  also  to  all  the  rest,  and  whatever  else  was 
necessary  for  them.  They  remained  with  us 
during  the  entire  winter  at  our  fort,  where  we 
had  not  food  enough  for  all,  except  buffalo  meat 


which  we  had  not  even  salt  to  eat  with.  We  had 
a  good  deal  of  trouble  the  first  two  weeks  in  ac- 
customing ourselves  to  it,  having  fever  and  di- 
arrhoea and  becoming  so  tired  of  it  as  to  hate  the 
smell.  But  by  degrees  our  bodies  became  adapt- 
ed to  it  so  well  that  at  the  end  of  six  weeks  there 
was  not  one  of  us  who  could  not  eat  six  pounds 
of  meat  a  day,  and  drink  four  bowls  of  broth. 
As  soon  as  we  were  accustomed  to  this  kind  of 
living  it  made  us  very  fat,  and  then  there  was  no 
more  sickness. 

"  When  spring  arrived  we  went  to  work  in  the 
copper  mine.  This  was  the  beginning  of  April  of 
this  year  [1701.]  We  took  with  us  twelve  labor- 
ers and  four  hunters.  This  mine  was  situated 
about  tlu'ee-quarters  of  a  league  from  our  post. 
We  took  from  the  mine  in  twenty  days  more  than 
twenty  thousand  pounds  weight  of  ore,  of  which 
we  only  selected  four  thousand  pounds  of  the 
finest,  which  il.  Le  Sueur,  who  was  a  very  good 
judge  of  it,  had  carried  to  the  fort,  and  which  has 
since  been  sent  to  France,  though  I  have  not 
learned  the  result. 

'•This  mine  is  situated  at  the  beginning  of  a 
very  long  mountain,  which  is  upon  the  bank  of 
the  river,  so  that  boats  can  go  right  to  the  mouth 
of  the  mine  itself.  At  this  place  is  the  green 
earth,  which  is  a  foot  and  a  half  in  thickness, 
and  above  it  is  a  layer  of  earth  as  firm  and 
hard  as  stone,  and  black  and  burnt  like  coal  by 
the  exhalation  from  the  mine.  The  copper  is 
scratched  out  with  a  knife.  There  are  no  trees 
upon  this  mountaui.  *  *  *  After  twenty-two 
days'  work,  we  returned  to  our  fort.  When  the 
Sioux,  who  belong  to  the  nation  of  savages  who 
pillaged  the  Canadians,  came  they  brought  us 
merchandize  of  furs. 

"They  had  more  than  four  hundred  beaver 
robes,  each  robe  made  of  nine  skins  sewed  to- 
gether. M.  Le  Sueur  purchased  these  and  many 
other  skins  which  he  bargained  for,  in  the  week 
he  traded  with  the  savages.  *  *  *  * 
We  sell  in  return  wares  which  come  very  dear  to 
the  buyers,  especially  tobacco  from  Brazil,  in  the 
proportion  of  a  hundred  crowns  the  pound;  two 
little  horn-handled  knives,  and  four  leaden  bul- 
lets are  equal  to  ten  crowns  in  exchange  for 
skins  ;  and  so  with  the  rest. 

"  In  the  beginning  of  May,  we  launched  our 
shallop  in  the  water,  and  loaded  it  with  green 


48 


EXPLOBEBS  AXD  PIOXEEBS  OF  ^fIXXESOTA. 


earth  that  liad  hepii  taken  out  of  the  river,  and 
witli  the  furs  wf  liad  traded  for, of  which  we  had 
three  canoes  full.  M.  Le  Sueur  before  going 
held  council  with  il.  l)"Evaque  [or  Eraque]  the 
Canadian  gentleman,  and  the  three  great  chiefs 
of  the  Sioux,  three  lirothers.  and  told  them  that 
as  lie  had  to  return  to  the  sea.  he  desired  them 
to  live  in  peace  with  M.  D'Evaque.  whom  he  left 
m  command  at  Fort  L"IIuillier,  with  twelve 
Frenclmieu.  M.  I.e  Sueur  ma<le  a  considerable 
present  to  tlie  three  brothers,  chiefs  of  the  sava- 
ges, desiring  them  to  never  aliandon  the  French. 
Afterward  we  the  twelve  men  whom  he  had  chosen 
to  go  down  to  the  sea  witli  him  embarked.  In  set- 
ting out,  M.  Le  Sueur  promised  to  M.  D'Evaque 
and  the  twelve  Frenchmen  who  remaiiied  with 
him  to  guard  the  fort,  to  send  up  munitions  of 
war  from  the  Illinois  country  as  soon  as  he  should 
arrive  there ;  which  he  did,  for  on  getting  there 
he  sent  off  to  him  a  canoe  loaded  with  two  thou- 
sand pounds  of  lead  and  powder,  with  three  of 
om'  jieople  in  charge." 

Le  Sueur  arrived  at  the  French  fort  on  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  in  safety,  and  in  a  few  weeks,  in 
the  spring  of  17(il.  sailed  for  France,  with  his 
kinsman.  iJ'lberville,  the  first  governor  of  Lou- 
isiana. 

In  the  spring  of  the  next  year  11702)  D"Evaque 
came  to  ^lobile  and  reported  to  l)"ll)erville.  who 
had  come  back  from  France,  that  he  had  been 
attacked  by  the  Foxes  and  Alaskoutens.  who  killed 
three  Frenchmen  wlio  were  working  near  Fort 
L"IInillier.  and  that,  being  out  of  jjowder  and 
lead,  he  had  l)een  obliged  to  (ronceal  the  goods 
wliich  were  left  and  abandon  the  post.  At  the 
AVisconsin  Hiver  he  had  met  .Juchereau.  foriuerly 
criminal  judge  in  Montreal,  with  thirty-live 
men,  on  his  way  to  establish  a  taniKny  for  buffalo 
skins  at  the  Wabasli,  and  tliat  at  the  Illinois  he 
met  the  canoe  of  sui)plies  sent  by  Jiienville. 
I)'Il)en'ille's  brother. 

La  Motte  Cadillac,  ill  command  ;il  I  iilroil.  in 
a  letter  written  on  August  31st,  ITo:;.  lUlndis  tn 
Le  Sueur's  expe(litiou  in  these  words:  '■  Last 
year  they  sent  .\Ir.  Hoiidor.  a  Montreal  ineivliant, 
into  tlie  country  of  the  Sioux  to  join  Le  Su- 
eur. He  succeeded  so  well  in  that  journey  he 
transported  thither  twenty-five  or  thirty  tlion.s- 
and  pounds  of  merchandize  with  which  to  trade 
in  all  the  country  of  tlie  Ontawas.     Tliis  proved 


to  liim  an  unfortunate  investment,  as  he  has 
lieen  robbed  of  a  part  of  tlie  goods  by  the  Outa- 
gainies.  The  occasion  of  the  robbery  by  one  of 
our  own  allies  was  as  follows.  1  speak  with  a 
full  knowledge  of  the  factsas  they  occurred  while 
T  was  at  Michinimackiauc.  From  time  immemo- 
rial our  allies  have  been  at  war  with  tlie  Sioux, 
and  on  my  arrival  there  in  conformity  to  the  or- 
der of  il.  Frontenac,  the  most  able  man  who  has 
ever  come  into  Canada,  I  attempted  to  negotiate 
a  truce  between  the  Sioux  and  all  our  allies. 
Succeeding  in  this  negotiation  I  took  the  occa- 
sion to  turn  their  arms  against  the  Iroquois  with 
whom  we  were  then  at  war.  and  soon  after  I  ef- 
fected a  treaty  of  jieace  between  the  Sioux  and 
the  French  and  theirallies  which  lasted  two  years. 

"At  the  end  of  tlia  time  the  Sioux  came,  in 
great  numbers,  to  the  villages  of  the  Miamis,  un- 
der pretense  of  ratifying  the  treaty.  They  were 
well  received  by  the  Miamis,  and.  after  spending 
i  several  days  in  their  villages,  departed,  apparent- 
ly perfectly  satisfied  with  their  good  reception,  as 
they  certainly  had  every  reason  to  be. 

'■  Tlie  Miamis,  believing  them  already  far  dis- 
tant, slept  ipiietly;  but  the  Sioux,  who  had  pre- 
meditated the  attack,  returned  the  same  night  to 
the  principal  vilhiui'  of  the  Miamis,  where  most 
of  the  tribe  were  coinxn'gated.  and.  taking  them 
by  suriirise,  slaughtered  nearly  three  thousandi  ?) 
and  i>ut  the  rest  to  flight.. 

"  This  perfectly  infuriated  all  tue  nations. 
They  came  with  their  complaints,  begging  me  to 
join  with  them  and  externiinatc  the  Sioux.  But 
the  war  we  tlieii  had  on  our  hands  did  not  iieriuit 
it,  so  it  lircaiuc  necessary  to  play  the  orator  in  a 
long  harangue.  In  conchision  I  advised  tliem  to 
'  weep  their  dead,  and  wraj)  them  rip.  and  leave 
them  to  sleep  i-olill\  fill  the  day  of  vengeance 
should  come;'  telling  flicm  we  must  sweep  the 
land  on  this  side  of  the  iroipiois,  as  it  was  neces- 
sary to  extingiiisli  even  their  memory,  after  which 
the  allied  tribes  could  more  easily  avenge  the 
alidiioiis  cici'd  that  the  Sioux  had  just  conmiitted 
ujiou  flieiii.  In  short,  I  managed  fliem  so  well 
that  the  affair  was  settled  in  the  manner  that  I 
projKised. 

■■  Hut  the  twenty-live  iicrmits  still  existed,  and 
the  cupidity  of  the  French  indiiceil  them  to  go 
among  the  Sioux  to  trade  for  beaver.  Our  allies 
complained  liitterly  of  this,  .saying  it  was  injust- 


TRADE  FORBIDDEN  WITH  THE  SIOUX. 


49 


ice  to  them,  as  they  had  taken  up  arms  in  our 
quarrel  against  the  Iroquois,  wliile  the  Freneli 
traders  were  carrying  munitions  of  war  to  tlie 
Sioux  to  enaljle  them  to  kill  the  rest  of  our  allies 
as  they  liad  the  Miamis. 

"  I  immediately  informed  M.  Frontenac,  and  M. 
Champigny  having  read  the  commuiucation.  and 
commanded  that  an  ordinance  be  pulj)  ished  at  ^lon- 
treal  forbidding  the  traders  to  go  into  the  country 
of  the  Sioux  for  the  purpose  of  traffic  under  penalty 
of  a  thousand  francs  fine,  the  confiscation  of  the 
goods,  and  other  arbitrary  penalties.  The  ordi- 
nance was  sent  to  me  and  faithfully  executed. 
The  same  year  [1699]  I  descended  to  Quebec, 
having  asked  to  be  relieved.  Since  that  time,  in 
spite  of  this  prohibition,  the  French  have  con- 
tinued to  trade  with  the  Sioux,  but  not  without 
being  subject  to  affronts  and  indignities  from  our 
allies  themselves  which  bring  dishonor  on  the 
French  name.  *  *  *  I  do  not  consider  it  best 
any  longer  to  allow  the  traders  to  carry  on  com- 
merce with  the  Sioux,  under  any  pretext  what- 


ever, especially  as  M.  Boudor  has  just  been 
robbed  by  the  Fox  nation,  and  M.  Jucheraux  has 
given  a  thousand  crowns,  in  goods,  for  the  right 
of  passage  through  the  country  of  the  allies  to 
his  habitation. 

"  The  allies  say  that  Le  Sueur  has  gone  to  the 
Sioux  on  the  Mississippi;  that  they  are  resolved 
to  oppose  liim,  and  if  he  offers  any  resistance  they 
will  not  be  answerable  for  the  consequences. 
It  would  be  well,  therefore,  to  give  Le  Sueur 
warning  by  the  Governor  of  Mississippi. 

"  The  Sauteurs  [Cliippeways]  being  friendly 
with  the  Sioux  wislied  to  give  passage  through 
their  country  to  M.  Boudor  and  others,  permit- 
ting them  to  carry  arms  and  other  munitions  of 
war  to  this  nation:  but  tlie  other  nations  being 
opposed  to  it,  differences  have  arisen  between 
them  which  have  resulted  in  the  robbery  of  M. 
Boudor.  This  has  given  occasion  to  the  Sau- 
teurs to  make  an  outbreak  upon  the  Sacs  and 
Foxes,  killing  thirty  or  forty  of  them.  So  there 
is  war  among  the  people." 


60 


EXPLOEEBS  AND  PIOXEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


EVKXTS  ■\VI1ICII   LED  TO   BUILDING   FOKT  BEAL-HARXOIS  OX   LAKE   PEPIN'. 


B«-EstablLshment  of  Markinaw.— Sieur  de  Louvicny  at  Macliinaw,— De  Ligner>- 
at  Mackinaw.— Louvigny  Attacks  ihc  Foxes.  — Pu  Lulli's  Poft  Rooceupicd.— 
Saint  FieiTO  at  La  Points  on  Lake  Su|»crior.— Preparations  for  a  Jesuit  Mission 
unon^  llie  Sioux.— La  Pemere  Boucher's  Expedition  to  Lake  Pepin  —  De 
Conor  and  GuiEuas,  Jesuit  Missionaries  —Visit  to  Foxes  anil  Winnebagoes. — 
Wisconsin  River  De*cnbi-d-— Fort  Beauliarnois  Built.  — Fireworks  Displayed.— 
Hi^h  Water  at  Lake  Pepin.— De  Conor  Visits  Mackinaw.- BoucherviUe,  Mont, 
brun  and  Oui^as  Captured  by  Indians— Montbrun's  Escape. — BoucherviUe  s 
Presents  to  Indians.— Exapeerateil  Account  of  Father  Guiguas*  Capture.— Iiis- 
patches  Concertiinp  Fort  Beaulmrnois.— .Sieur  de  la  Jcnieraye. — Saint  Pierre  at 
Port  Beauhamois.— Trouble  between  Sioux  and  Foxes  —Sioux  Visit  Quebec. — 
De  Lusienan  Visits  the  Sioux  C.iuntry.— Saint  Pierre  Noticed  in  the  Tr.<vels 
of  Jonathan  Cari'er  and  Lieutenant  Pike. 

After  the  Fox  Indians  drove  away  Le  Sueur's 
men,  in  1702,  from  the  Makahto,  or  Blue  Earth 
river,  tlie  moichaiits  of  Montreal  and  Quebec  did 
not  encourage  traile  w  ilh  the  tribes  beyond  Mack- 
inaw. 

D"Aigreult,  a  French  officer,  sent  to  inspect 
that  post,  in  the  summer  of  1708,  reported  that 
he  arrived  there,  on  the  19th  of  August,  and 
found  there  but  fourteen  or  fifteen  Frenchmen. 
He  also  wrote:  "  Since  there  are  now  only  a  few 
wanderers  at  Michilimackinack.  the  greater  part 
of  the  furs  of  the  savages  of  the  north  goes  to  tlie 
English  trading  posts  on  Hudson's  Bay.  The 
Oulawas  are  unable  to  make  this  trade  by  them- 
selves, because  the  northern  savages  are  timid, 
and  will  not  come  near  them,  as  they  have  often 
been  plundered.  It  is,  therefore,  necessary  that 
the  French  be  allowed  to  seek  these  northern 
tribes  at  the  mouth  of  their  own  river,  which 
empties  into  Lake  Superior." 

Louis  de  la  Port*,  the  Sieur  De  Louvigny,  in 
1«!)(»,  accoini>aiiied  by  Nicliolas  Perrot,  witli  a  de- 
tachment of  one  liundrcd  and  seventy  Canadians 
and  Indians,  came  to  Mackinaw,  ami  uutil  Ui'.U 
was  in  command,  when  he  was  recalled. 

In  171:;,  Father  Josepli  .1.  Man-sl  the  Jesuit 
missionary  wrote,  "  If  this  country  ever  needs 
M.  Louvigny  it  is  now  ;  the  savages  say  it  is  ab- 
solutely neces.sary  tliat  he  sliould  come  for  the 
safety  of  tlie  country,  to  unite  tlie  tribes  ami  to 
defend  those  whom  the  war  has  caused  to  return 
to  Michiliiuacinac.     •        *        *        *        *        * 


I  do  not  know  what  course  the  Pottawatomies 
will  lake,  ncir  even  what  course  they  will  pursue 
wlio  are  here,  if  M.  Louvigny  does  not  come,  es- 
pecially if  the  Fo.xes  were  to  attack  them  or  us." 

The  next  July,  'M.  Lignery  urged  upon  the  au- 
thorities the  establishment  of  a  garrison  of  trained 
soldiers  at  ilackinaw,  and  the  Intendant  of  Can- 
ada wrote  to  the  King  of  France : 

" Michilimackinac  might  be  re-established, 
without  expense  to  his  ^lajesty,  either  by  sur- 
rendering the  trade  of  the  post  to  such  individu- 
als as  will  oliligate  themselves  to  pay  all  the  ex- 
penses of  twenty-two  sok.iers  and  two  officers;  to 
funiisli  munitions  of  war  for  the  defense  of  the 
fort,  and  to  make  presents  to  the  savages. 

"  Or  the  expen.ses  of  the  post  might  be  paid  by 
the  sale  of  permits,  if  the  King  should  not  tliink 
lirojx'r  to  grant  an  exclusive  commerce.  It  is  ab- 
solutely necessary  to  know  the  wishes  of  the  King 
concerning  these  two  propositions :  ami  as  M. 
Lignery  is  at  Michilimackinac.  it  will  not  be  any 
greater  injury  to  the  colony  to  defer  the  re-estal)- 
inent  of  this  post,  than  it  has  been  for  eight  or 
ten  years  past." 

The  war  with  England  ensueil.  and  in  ^Vpiil. 
1713,  the  treaty  of  I'trcdit  was  latilicil.  Fianct^ 
hail  now  move  leisure  to  atteml  to  llie  Imliiin 
tribes  of  the  A\'est. 

Kai'ly  ill  171  I.  Mackinaw  was  re-occn)iied.  and 
on  the  fointei'iith  of  Maicli,  1711).  an  expedition 
miller  Lienlenant  Louvigny,  left  Quebec.  His 
arriviil  at  ^Mackinaw,  where  he  had  been  long  ex- 
liecti'd,  gave  conlidence  to  the  voyageurs,  and 
fiiendly  Indians,  and  with  a  force  of  eight  hun- 
dred men,  he  proceeded  against  the  Foxes  in 
Wisconsin.  He  brought  with  him  two  pieces  of 
cannon  and  a  grenade  mortar,  and  besieged  the 
fort  of  tlie  Foxes,  which  he  stated  contained  five 
hundred  warriors,  and  three  thousand  men,  a 
declaration  which  can  scarcely  be  credited.  After 


DESIBE  FOB  A  NOBIHEBN  BOUTE  70  THE  PACIFIC. 


51 


three  days  of  skirmishing,  he  prepared  to  mine 
the  fort,  when  the  Foxes  capitulated. 

The  paddles  of  the  liirch  bark  canoes  and  the 
gay  songs  of  the  voyageurs  now  began  to  be  heard 
once  more  on  the  waters  of  Lake  Superior  and  its 
tributaries.  In  1717,  the  post  erected  by  Du 
Luth,  on  Lake  Superior  near  the  northern  boun- 
dary of  Minnesota,  was  re-occupied  by  Lt.  Ilo- 
bertel  de  la  Koue. 

In  view  of  the  troubles  among  the  tribes  of  the 
northwest,  in  the  month  of  September,  171(S,  Cap- 
tain St.  Pierre,  who  had  great  influence  with  the 
Indians  of  AVisconsin  and  Minnesota,  was  sent 
with  Ensign  Linetot  and  some  soldiers  to  re-oc- 
cupy La  Pointe  on  Lake  Superior,  now  Bayfield, 
in  the  northwestern  part  of  Wisconsin.  The 
chiefs  of  the  band  there,  and  at  Keweenaw, 
had  threatened  war  against  the  Foxes,  who  had 
killed  some  of  their  number. 

When  the  Jesuit  Charlevoix  returned  to  France 
after  an  examination  of  the  resources  of  Canada 
and  Louisiana,  he  urged  that  an  attempt  should 
be  made  to  reacli  the  Pacific  Ocean  by  an  inland 
route,  and  suggested  that  an  expedition  should 
proceed  from  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  and  fol- 
low that  stream,  or  that  a  post  should  be  estab- 
lished among  the  Sioux  which  should  be  the  point 
of  departure.  The  latter  was  accepted,  and  in 
1722  an  allowance  was  made  by  the  French  CJov- 
ernment,  of  twelve  hundred  Uvres,  for  two  Jes- 
uit missionaries  to  accompany  those  who  should 
establish  the  new  post.  D'Avagour.  Superin- 
tendent of  Missions,  in  May,  1723,  requested  the 
authorities  to  grant  a  separate  canoe  for  the  con- 
veyance of  the  goods  of  the  proposed  mission, 
and  as  it  was  necessary  to  send  a  commandant 
to  persuade  the  Indians  to  receive  the  mission- 
aries, he  recommended  Sieur  Pachot,  an  officer  of 
experience. 

A  dispatch  from  Canada  to  the  French  govern- 
ment, dated  October  11,  1723,  announced  that 
Father  de  la  Chasse,  Superior  of  the  Jesuits,  ex- 
pected that,  the  next  spring.  Father  Guymoneau. 
and  another  missionary  from  I'aris,  would  go  to 
the  Sioux,  but  that  they  had  been  hindered  by  the 
Sioux  a  few  months  before  killing  seven  French- 
men, on  their  way  to  Louisiana.  The  aged 
Jesuit,  Joseph  J.  Marest,  who  had  been  on  Lake 
•  Pepin  in  1689  with  Perrot^and  was  now  in  ^lon- 
treal,  said  that  it  was  the  wandering  Sioux  who 


had  Idlled  the  French,  but  he  thought  the  sta- 
tionary Sioux  would  receive  Christian  instruction. 

The  hostility  of  the  Foxes  had  also  prevented 
the  establishment  of  a  fort  and  mission  among  the 
Sioux. 

On  the  seventh  of  JunT',  172(i,  peace  was  con- 
cluded by  De  Lignery  with  the  Sauks,  Foxes,  and 
Winnebagoes  at  Green  Bay;  and  Linetot,  who 
had  succeeded  Saint  Pierre  in  command  at  La 
Pointe.  was  ordered,  by  presents  and  the  promise 
of  a  missionary,  to  endeavor  to  detach  the  Dah- 
kotahs  from  their  alliance  with  the  Foxes.  At 
this  time  Linetot  made  arrangements  for  peace 
between  the  Ojibways  and  IJahkotas,  and  sent 
two  Frenchmen  to  dwell  in  the  villages  of  the 
latter,  with  a  promise  that,  if  they  ceased  to  fight 
the  Ojibways,  they  should  have  regular  trade, 
and  a  "black  robe"  reside  in  their  country. 

Traders  and  missionaries  now  began  to  prepare 
for  visiting  the  Sioux,  and  in  the  spring  of  1727 
the  Governor  of  Canada  wrote  that  the  fathers, 
appointed  for  the  Sioux  mission,  desired  a  case  of 
mathematical  instruments,  a  universal  astro- 
nomic dial,  a  spirit  level,  chain  and  stakes,  and  a 
telescope  of  six  or  seven  feet  tube. 

On  the  sixteenth  of  June,  1727,  the  expedition 
for  the  Sioux  country  left  ^lontreal  in  charge  of 
the  Sieur  de  la  Perriere  who  was  son  of  the  dis- 
tinguished anc}  respected  Canadian,  Pierre  Bou- 
cher, the  Governor  of  Three  Kivers. 

La  Perriere  had  served  in  Nevrfoxmdland  and 
been  associated  with  Ilertel  de  Rouville  in  raids 
into  New  England,  and  gained  an  unenviable  no- 
toriety as  the  leader  of  the  savages,  while  Rou- 
ville led  the  French  in  attacks  upon  towns  like 
Haverhill,  Massachusetts,  where  the  Indians  ex- 
ultingly  killed  the  Puritan  pastor,  scalped  his 
loving  wife,  and  dashed  out  his  infant's  brains 
against  a  rock.  He  was  accompanied  by  his 
lirother  and  other  relatives.  Two  Jesuit  fathers, 
De  Giinor  and  Pierre  Michel  Guignas,  were  also 
of  the  party. 

In  Shea's  "  Early  French  Voyages"  there  was 
printed,  for  the  first  time,  a  letter  from  Father 
Guignas,  from  the  Brevoort  manuscripts,  written 
on  May  29,  1728,  at  Fort  Beauharnois,  on  Lake 
Pepin,  which  contains  facts  of  much  interest. 

He  writes:  "  The  Scioux  convoy  left  the  end 
of  Montreal  Island  on  the  10th  of  the  month  of 
June  last  year,  at  11  a.  m.,  and  reached  Michili- 


52 


EXPLOREBS  AND  PIOXEERS  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


mackinac  the  liiM  of  tlie  mmitli  of  July.  Tliis 
post  is  two  limulred  and  fifty-one  loaRues  from 
Montreal,  almost  due  west,  at  45  degrees  4t)  min- 
utes north  latitude. 

"  AVe  spent  the  rest  of  the  month  at  this  post. 
in  the  hope  of  receiving  from  day  to  day  some 
news  from  Montreal,  and  in  the  design  of 
strengthening  ourselves  against  the  alleged  ex- 
treme ditliculties  of  getting  a  free  passage  tlirough 
the  Foxes.  At  last,  seeing  nothing,  we  set  out 
on  our  march,  the  first  of  the  month  of  August, 
and.  after  seventy-three  leagues  quite  pleasant 
sail  along  the  northerly  side  of  Lake  Michigan. 
naming  to  the  southeast,  we  reached  tlie  Hay 
[Green]  on  tlie  8th  of  the  same  month,  at  5:30  r. 
Ji.  This  post  is  at  44  degrees  43  minutes  north 
latitude. 

'•  We  stopped  there  two  days,  and  on  the  11th 
in  the  morning,  we  emliarked,  in  a  very  great 
impatience  to  reach  the  Foxes.  On  the  third  day 
after  our  departure  from  the  bay,  quite  late  in 
the  afternoon,  in  fact  somewhat  in  the  night,  the 
chiefs  of  the  Puans  [Winnebagoes]  came  out  three 
leagues  from  their  village  to  meet  the  French, 
with  their  peace  calumets  and  some  bear  meat  as 
a  refreshment,  and  the  next  day  we  were  received 
by  that  small  nation,  amid  several  discharges  of 
a  few  guns,  and  with  great  demonstrations. 

"  They  asked  us  with  so  good  a  grace  to  do 
them  the  honor  to  stay  some  time  with  them  that 
we  granted  them  the  rest  of  the  day  from  noon, 
and  the  following  day.  There  may  be  in  all  the 
village,  sixty  to  eighty  men.  but  all  tlie  iiien  and 
women  of  very  tall  stat ure.  and  well  made.  They 
are  on  the  bank  of  a  very  ))retty  little  lake,  in  a 
most  agreeable  spot  for  its  situatinn  and  tlie 
goodness  of  the  soil,  nineteen  leagues  from  the 
bay  and  eight  leagues  from  the  Foxes. 

'•  Karly  the  next  morning,  the  loth  of  the  month 
of  August,  the  convoy  preferred  to  continue  its 
route,  with  quite  pleasant  weather,  but  a  storm 
coming  on  in  the  aftemoon.wearrived  quite  wet. 
stillin  tlic  rain,  at  tin- cabins  of  the  Foxes,  a  nation 
somuch  dreailed.aiid  re.illy  so  little  lobe  dreaded. 
From  all  that  we  could  see,  it  is  composed  of 
two  liiindred  men  at  most,  but  there  is  a  ))erfect 
hive  of  children.  es))ecially  lioys  from  ten  to 
fourteen  years  old,  well  formed. 

'•  They  are  cabined  on  a  little  eminence  on  the 
bank  of  a  small  river  that  bears  their  name,  ex- 


tremely tortuous  or  winding,  so  that  you  are  con- 
stantly boxing  the  compass.  Yet  it  is  apparently 
quite  wide,  with  a  chain  of  hills  on  both  sides, 
but  there  is  only  one  miserable  little  channel 
amid  this  extent  of  apparent  bed.  which  is  a  kind 
of  marsh  full  of  rushes  and  wild  rice  of  almost 
imjienetrable  thickness.  They  have  nothing  but 
mere  bark  cabins,  without  any  kind  of  palisade  or 
other  fortilication.  As  soon  as  the  French  ca- 
noes touched  their  shore  tliey  ran  down  with 
their  peace  calumets,  lighted  in  spite  of  the  rain, 
and  all  smoked. 

"  AVe  stayed  among  them  the  r%it  of  this  day, 
and  all  the  next,  to  know  what  were  their  designs 
and  ideas  as  to  the  French  post  among  the  Sioux. 
The  Sieur  Reaurae,  interiireter  of  Indian  lan- 
guages at  the  Bay.  acted  eliiciently  there,  and 
with  devotion  to  the  King's  service.  Even  if  my 
testimony.  Sir,  should  be  deemed  not  impartial.  I 
must  have  the  honor  to  tell  you  that  Kev.  Fatlier 
Chardon.  an  old  missionary,  was  of  very  great  as- 
sistance there,  and  the  presence  of  three  mission- 
aries reassured  these  cut-throats  and  assassins  of 
the  French  more  tlian  all  the  speeches  of  the  best 
orators  could  have  done. 

"  A  general  council  was  convened  in  one  of  tlie 
cabins,  they  were  addressed  in  decided  friendly 
tenus,  and  they  replied  in  the  same  way.  A 
small  present  was  made  to  them.  On  their  side 
they  gave  some  quite  handsome  di.shes,  lined  with 
dry  meat. 

On  the  following  Sunday.  17th  of  the  month 
of  August,  very  early  in  the  morning,  Father 
Chardon  .set  out,  with  Sieur  Reaume,  to  return 
to  the  Bay.  and  the  Sioux  expedition,  greatly  re- 
joiceil  to  have  so  easily  got  over  this  dilliculty, 
which  had  everywhere  been  represented  as  so  in- 
surmountable, got  under  way  to  endeavor  to 
reach  its  journey's  end. 

"  Xever  was  navigation  more  tedious  than 
what  we  subsequently  made  from  uncertainty  as 
to  our  course,  No  one  knew  it,  and  we  got 
astray  every  moment  on  water  and  on  land  for 
want  of  a  guide  and  jiilots.  We  kept  on.  as  it 
were  feeling  our  way  for  eight  days,  for  it  wa-s 
only  on  the  ninth,  about  three  o'clock  p.  m..  that 
we  arrived,  by  acciilent.  believing  ourselves  still 
far  off,  at  the  portage  of  the  Ouisconsin,  whicli  is 
forty-five  leagues  from  the  Foxes,  counting  all 
the  twists  and  turns  of   this  abominable  river. 


SITUATION  AND  DE8CBIPTI0N  OF  FORT  BEAVIIAHNOIS. 


53 


This  portage  is  half  a  league  in  length,  and  half 
of  that  is  a  kind  of  marsh  full  of  mud, 

"  The  Ouiseonsin  is  quite  a  handsome  river, 
but  far  below  what  we  had  been  told,  apparently, 
as  those  wlio  gave  the  description  of  it  in  Canada 
saw  it  only  in  the  high  waters  of  spring.  It  is  a 
shallow  river  on  a  bed  of  quicksand,  wliicli  forms 
bars  almost  everywhere,  and  these  often  change 
place.  Its  shores  are  either  steep,  bare  mountains 
or  low  points  with  sandy  base.  Its  course  is  from 
'northeast  to  southwest.  From  the  portage  to  its 
mouth  in  the  Mississippi,  I  estimated  thirty-eight 
leagues.  The  portage  is  at  43  deg.  24  min.  north 
latitude. 

"  The  Mississippi  from  tlie  mouth  of  the  Ouis- 
eonsin ascending,  goes  northwest.  This  beauti- 
ful river  extends  between  two  chains  of  high, 
bare  and  very  sterile  mountains,  constantly  a 
league,  three-quarters  of  a  league,  or  where  it  is 
narrowest,  half  a  league  apart.  Its  centre  is  oc- 
cupied by  a  chain  of  well  wooded  islands,  so  that 
regarding  from  the  heights  above,  you  would 
think  you  saw  an  endless  valley  watered  on  the 
right  and  left  by  two  large  rivers ;  sometimes,  too, 
you  coidd  discern  no  river.  These  islands  are 
overflowed  every  year,  and  would  be  adapted  to 
raising  rice.  Fifty-eight  leagues  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Ouiseonsin,  accordhig  to  my  calcidation. 
ascending  the  Mississippi,  is  Lake  Pepin,  which 
is  nothing  else  but  the  river  itself,  destitute  of 
islands  at  that  point,  where  it  may  be  half  a 
league  wide.  This  river,  in  what  I  traversed  of 
it,  is  shallow,  and  has  shoals  in  several  places,  be- 
cause its  bed  is  moving  sands,  like  that  of  the 
Ouiseonsin. 

"On  the  17th  of  September,  1727,  at  noon,  we 
reached  this  lake,  which  had  been  chosen  as  the 
bourne  of  our  voyage.  We  planted  ourselves  on 
the  shore  about  the  middle  of  the  north  side,  on 
a  low  point,  where  the  soil  is  excellent.  The 
wood  is  very  dense  there,  but  is  already  thiinied 
in  consequence  of  the  rigor  and  length  ui  the 
winter,  which  has  been  severe  for  the  climate, 
for  we  are  here  on  the  parallel  of  43  deg.  41  min. 
It  is  true  that  the  difference  of  the  winter  is 
great  compared  to  tliat  of  Quebec  and  Montreal, 
for  all  that  some  poor  judges  say. 

"  From  the  day  after  our  landing  we  put  our 
axes  to  the  wood:  on  the  fourth  day  following 
the  fort  was  entirely  finished.    It  is  a  square  plat 


of  one  hundred  feet,  surrounded  by  pickets  twelve 
feet  long,  with  two  good  bastions.  For  so  small 
a  space  there  are  large  buildings  quite  distinct  and 
not  huddled  together,  each  thirty,  thirty-eight, 
and  twenty-five  feet  long  by  sixteen  feet  wide. 

"  All  would  go  well  there  if  the  spot  were  riot 
inundated,  but  this  year  [1728],  on  the  loth  of 
the  montli  of  April,  we  were  obliged  to  camp  out 
and  the  water  ascended  to  the  height  of  two  feet 
and  eight  inches  in  the  houses,  and  it  is  idle  to 
say  that  it  was  the  quantity  of  snow  tliat  fell 
this  year.  Tlie  snow  in  tlie  vicinity  had  melted 
long  before,  and  there  was  only  a  foot  and  a  lialf 
from  the  8th  of  February  to  the  loth  of  March; 
yon  could  not  use  snow-slioes. 

'■  I  have  great  reason  to  tliiidc  that  this  spot  is 
inundated  more  or  less  every  year;  I  liave  always 
thought  so,  but  they  were  not  oliliged  to  believe 
me,  as  old  people  who  said  that  they  had  lived  in 
this  region  fifteen  or  twenty  years  declared  that 
it  was  never  overflowed.  AVe  could  not  enter 
our  much-devastated  houses  until  the  30tli  of 
April,  and  the  disorder  is  even  now  scarcely  re- 
paired. 

"  Before  the  end  of  October  [1 727]  all  the  houses 
vi'ere  finished  and  fm'nished,  and  each  one  found 
himself  tranquilly  lodged  at  home.  They  then 
thought  only  of  going  out  to  explore  the  hills  and 
rivers  and  to  see  those  herds  of  all  kinds  of  deer 
of  which  they  tell  such  stories  in  Canada.  They 
must  have  retired,  or  diminislied  greatly,  since 
the  time  tlie  old  rdj/iii/tHrs  left  tlie  country;  they 
are  no  longer  in  .such  great  numbers,  and  are 
killed  with  difiiculty. 

"  After  beatuig  the  field,  for  some  time,  all  re- 
assembled at  the  foil,  and  thought  of  enjoying  a 
little  the  fruit  of  their  labors.  On  the  4th  of  Xo- 
vember  we  did  not  forget  it  was  the  (ieneral's 
birthday.  Mass  was  said  for  him  [Beauharnois, 
tiovernor-General  of  Canada]  in  the  morning, 
and  they  were  well  disposed  to  celebrate  the  day 
in  the  evening,  but  the  tardiness  of  the  jiyro- 
technists  and  the  inconstancy  of  the  weather 
caused  them  to  postpone  the  celebration  to  the 
14th  of  the  same  month,  when  they  set  off  some 
very  fine  rockets  and  made  the  air  ring  with  an 
hundred  shouts  of  Vive  k  Boy!  and  Vive  Charles 
de  Bmuharniiin!  It  was  on  this  occasion  that  the 
wine  of  the  Sioux  was  broached;  it  was  par  exr 


54 


EXPLOJRERS  AND  PIOXEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


cellence.  although  there  are  no  wines  here  finer 
than  in  Canada. 

■'■\Vliat  contributed  mtirli  to  the  amusement. 
was  the  terror  of  some  cabins  of  Indians,  wlio 
were  at  tlie  time  around  the  fort.  AVhen  tliese 
poor  people  saw  the  fireworks  in  the  air,  and  the 
stars  fall  from  heaven,  the  women  and  children 
began  to  take  flight,  and  the  most  courageous  of 
the  men  to  crj'  mercy,  and  imjilore  us  very  earn- 
estly to  stop  the  surprising  play  of  tlial  wonder- 
fid  medicine. 

"  As  soon  as  we  arrived  among  them,  they  as- 
sembled, in  a  few  dayn,  around  the  French  fort  to 
the  number  of  ninety-five  cabins,  which  might 
make  in  all  one  himdred  and  fifty  men;  for  there 
are  at  most  two  men  in  their  portaljle  cabins  of 
dressed  skins,  and  in  many  there  is  only  one 
This  is  all  we  have  seen  excci)t  a  band  of  about 
sixty  men,  who  came  on  the  2Gth  of  the  month  of 
February,  who  were  of  those  nations  called  Sioux 
of  the  Prairies. 

"  At  the  end  of  November,  the  Indians  set  out 
for  their  winter  quarters.  They  do  not,  indeed, 
go  far,  and  we  saw  some  of  them  all  through  the 
winter;  but  from  the  second  of  the  month  of 
April  last,  when  some  cabins  repasse<l  here  to  go 
in  search  of  them,  [he]  sought  them  in  vain,  du- 
ring a  week,  for  more  than  sixty  leagues  of  the 
Mississippi.  lie  [La  PerriereV] arrived  yesterday 
without  any  tidings  of  tliem. 

"  Altliough  1  said  above,  tliat  the  Sioux  were 
alarmed  at  the  rockets,  which  they  took  for  new 
plicnomcna.  it  must  not  be  supposed  from  that 
they  were  less  intelligent  than  other  Indians  we 
know.  They  seem  to  me  more  .so  ;  at  least  they 
are  much  gayer  and  open,  apparently,  and  far 
more  dextrous  thieves,  great  dancers,  and  great 
merlicine  men.  The  men  are  almost  all  large  and 
well  made,  but  the  women  are  very  ugly  and  dis- 
gu.sting,  which  does  not.  however,  check  debauch- 
ery among  them,  and  is  perhaps  an  eiTcct  of  it."' 

In  the  summer  of  \'2H  the  Jesuit  De  Gonor 
left  tlii^  fort  on  Lake  Pepin,  anil,  by  way  of  Mack- 
inaw, returned  to  Canada.  The  Foxes  had  now 
become  very  tr<>ul)lesiime.  and  l)c  Ligncry  and 
Ileaujeu  marched  against  their  stronghold,  to  find 
they  had  retreated  to  the  Mississippi  Kiver. 

On  the  iL'lh  of  October.  IJoucherville.  his  bro- 
ther Mdiillirini.  a  young  cadet  of  entcnirising 
spirit,  the  Jesuit  Guignas,  aud  other  Frenchmen, 


eleven  in  all.  left  Fort  Pepin  to  go  to  Canada,  by 
way  of  the  Illinois  River.  They  were  captured 
by  the  Mascoutens  and  Kickapoos.  and  detained 
at  the  river  "  An  Bcpuf.  "  which  .stream  was  prob- 
ably the  one  mentioned  by  Le  Sueur  as  twenty- 
two  leagues  above  the  Illinois  River,  although  the 
same  name  was  g'ven  by  Hennepin  to  the  Chii> 
pewa  River,  just  below  Lake  Pepin.  They  were 
lield  as  prisoners,  wilh  the  view  of  delivering 
them  to  the  Foxes.  Tlie  night  before  the  deliv- 
ery the  Sieur  Montbrun  and  his  brotlier  and  an- 
other Frenchman  escaped.  Montbrun,  leaving 
his  sick  brother  in  the  Illinois  country,  journeyed 
to  Canada  and  informed  the  authorities. 

Boucherville  and  Guignas  remained  prisoners 
for  several  months,  and  the  former  did  not  reach 
Detroit  until  June,  1729,  The  account  of  expen- 
ditures ma<le  during  his  captivity  is  interesting  as 
showing  the  value  of  merchandize  at  that  time. 
It  reads  as  follows; 

"  Memorandum  of  the  goods  that  Monsieur  de 
Houcherville  was  obliged  to  fmiiish  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  King,  from  the  time  of  his  detention 
among  the  Kickapoos.  on  the  12th  of  October, 
172S,  until  his  return  to  Detroit,  in  the  year  1729, 
in  the  month  of  June.  On  arriving  at  the  Kick- 
apoo  village,  he  made  a  i)resent  to  the  young  men 
to  secure  their  opposition  to  some  evil  minded 
old  warriors — 
Two  barrels  of  powder,  each  lifly  iiounds 

at  Montreal  price,  valued  at  the  sum  of  loO  liv. 
One  hundred  pounds  of  lead  and  balls 

makhig  the  sum  of 50  liv. 

Four  pounds  of  verniillinn.  al   12  francs 

the  pound 48    fr. 

Four  coats,  braided,  at  twenty  francs. . .     80    fr. 
Six  dozen  knives  at  four  francs  the  dozen     24    fr. 
Four  hundred  Hints,  one  hundred  gun- 
worms,  two  hundred  rauiniils  and  one 
huu<lred  and  fifty  files,  the  total  at  the 

maker's  ))rii-es 90  liv. 

After  the  Kickapoos  refused  to  deliver  them  to 
the  llenards  |  Foxes)  they  wi'-hed  .some  favors,  and 
I  was  obliged  to  give  thcan  llic  following  which 
wnulil  allow  llicm  to  weep  over  and  cover  tlicir 
dead: 

Two  brai<lcMl  coats  (re  20  fr.  each 40fr. 

Two  woolen  blankets  (<J  15  fr 30 

Onehundreil  jiounds  of  powder  (n  30  sous    75 
One  himdi'ed  pounds  of  lead  (^  10  sous. .    26 


BOVCHERVILLE'S  PRESENTS  WHILE  IN  CAPTIVITY. 


65 


Two  pounds  of  vermillion  (A  12  fr 24fr. 

Moreover,  given  to  the  Kenards  to  cover 
their  dead  and  prepare  them  for  peace, 

fifty  pounds  of  powder,  making 75 

One  hundred  pounds  of  lead  (w  10  sous.     50 

Two  pounds  of  vermillion  @  12  fr 24 

During  the  winter  a  considerable  party  was 
sent  to  strike  hands  with  the  IlUuois.  Given  at 
that  time : 

Two  blue  blankets  @  15  fr 30 

Four  men"s  shirts  (a  6  f r 24 

Four  pairs  of  long-necked  bottles  @  6  fr    24 

Four  dozen  of  knives  ((i  4  f r .^. . . .     16 

Gun-worms,  files,  ramrods,  and  flints,  es- 
timated       40 

Given  to  engage  tlie  Kickapogs  to  establish 
themselves  upon  a  neighboring  isle,  to  protect 
from  the  treachery  of  the  Renards — 

Four  blankets,  @  lof 60f 

Two  pairs  of  bottles,  6f 24 

Two  poimds  of  vermillion,  12f 24 

Foin-  dozen  butcher  knives,  6f 24 

Two  woolen  blankets,  @  15f 30 

Four  pairs  of  bottles,  @  6f 24 

Four  shirts,  (oi  6f 24 

Four  dozen  of  knives,  @  4f 16 

Tlie  Kenards  having  betrayed  and  killed  their 
brothers,  the  Kickapoos,  I  seized  the  favorable 
opportunity,  and  to  encourage  the  latter  to  avenge 
themselves,  I  gave — 
Twenty.-five  poundsof  powder, (a)  SOsous  37f.l0s. 

Twenty-five  pounds  of  lead,  @  10s I2f.l0s. 

Two  guns  at  30  livres  each 60f 

One  half  pound  of  vermillion 6f 

Flints,  guns,  worms  and  knives 20f 

The  Illinois  coming  to  the  Kikapoos  vil- 
lage, I  supported  them  at  my  expense, 
and  gave  them  powder,  balls  and  shirts 

valued  at 'iOf 

In  departing  from  the  Kikapoos  village,  I 
gave  them  the  rest  of  the  goods  for 

their  good  treatment,  estimated  at 80f 

In  a  letter,  written  by  a  priest,  at  jS'ew  Orleans, 
on  July  12,  1730,  is  the  following  exaggerated  ac- 
count of  the  capture  of  Father  tUiignas:  ••  We 
always  felt  a  distrust  of  the  Fox  Indians,  although 
they  did  not  longer  dare  to  undertake  anything, 
since  Father  Guignas  has  detached  from  their  al- 
liance the  tribes  of  the  Kikapous  and  Maskouthis. 
You  know,  my  Reverend  Father,  that,  being  in 


Canada,  he  had  the  courage  to  penetrate  even  to 
the  Sioux  near  the  sources  of  the  ^lississippi,  at 
the  distance  of  eight  hundred  leagues  from  Xew 
Orleans  and  five  hundred  from  (jueljec.  Obliged 
to  abandon  this  important  mission  by  the  unfor- 
tunate result  of  the  enterprise  against  the  Foxes, 
he  descended  the  river  to  repair  to  the  Illinois. 
On  the  15th  of  October  in  the  year  1728  he  was 
arrested  when  half  way  by  the  Kiekapous  and 
Maskoutins.  For  four  months  he  was  a  captive 
among  the  Indians,  where  he  had  much  to  suffer 
and  everything  to  fear.  The  time  at  last  came 
when  he  was  to  be  burned  alive,  when  he  was 
adopted  by  an  old  man  whose  family  saved  his 
Ufe  and  procured  his  liberty. 

'•Our  missionaries  who  are  among  the  Illinois 
were  no  sooner  acquainted  with  the  situation 
than  they  procured  him  all  the  alleviation  they 
were  able.  Everything  which  he  received  he  em- 
ployed to  conciliate  the  Indians,  and  succeeded 
to  the  extent  of  engaging  them  to  conduct  him  to 
the  Illinois  to  make  peace  with  the  French  and 
Indians  of  this  region.  Seven  or  eight  months 
after  this  peace  was  concluded,  the  Maskoutins 
and  Kikapous  returned  again  to  the  Illinois  coun- 
try, and  took  back  Father  (Juignas  to  spend  the 
winter,  from  whence,  in  all  probability,  he  will 
return  to  Canada." 

In  dispatches  sent  to  France,  in  October,  1729, 
by  the  Canadian  government,  the  following  refer- 
ence is  made  to  Fort  Beauharnois  :  "  Tliey  agree 
that  the  fort  built  among  the  Scioux,  on  the  bor- 
der of  Lake  Pepin,  appears  to  be  badly  situated 
on  account  of  the  freshets,  but  the  Indians  assure 
that  the  waters  rose  higher  in  1728  than  it  ever 
did  before.  When  Sieur  de  Laperriere  located  it 
at  that  place  it  was  on  the  assurance  of  the  In- 
dians that  the  waters  did  not  rise  so  higli."  In 
reference  to  the  absence  of  Indians,  is  the  fol- 
lowing : 

"It  is  very  true  that  these  Indians  did  leave 
shortly  after  on  a  hunting  excursion,  as  they  are 
in  the  habit  of  doing,  for  their  own  support  and 
that  of  their  families,  who  have  only  that  means 
of  livelihood,  as  tliey  do  not  cultivate  tlie  soil  at 
all.  M.  de  Beauharnois  has  just  been  informed 
that  their  absence  was  occasioned  only  by  having 
fallen  in  while  hunting  with  a  number  of  prairie 
Scioux,  by  whom  they  were  invited  to  occompany 
them  on  a  war  expedition   against  the  .Malias, 


66 


EXPLORERS  AXn  FIOSEERS  OF  MlXNEfiOTA. 


which  invitation  tliey  accepted,  and  returned 
only  in  tlie  month  of  Ju)y  following. 

'•The  interests  of  religion,  of  the  service,  and 
of  the  colony,  are  involved  in  the  maintenance  of 
this  establishment,  which  has  been  the  more  nec- 
essary as  there  is  no  doubt  but  the  Foxes,  when 
routed,  would  have  found  an  asylum  among  the 
Scioux  had  not  the  French  been  settled  there, 
and  the  docility  and  submission  manifested  by 
the  Foxes  can  not  be  attributed  to  any  cause  ex- 
cept the  attention  entertained  by  the  Scioux  for 
the  French,  and  the  offers  which  the  former 
made  the  latter,  of  which  the  Foxes  were  fully 
cognisant. 

"  It  is  necessary  to  retain  the  Scioux  in  these 
favorable  dispositions,  in  order  to  keep  the  Foxes 
in  check  and  counteract  the  measures  they  might 
adopt  to  gain  over  the  Scioux,  who  will  invaria- 
bly reject  their  propositions  so  long  as  the  French 
remain  in  the  country,  and  their  trading  post 
shall  continue  there.  Hut,  despite  all  these  ad- 
vantages and  the  importance  of  preserving  that 
establishment,  M.  de  IJeauharnois  cannot  take 
any  steps  until  he  has  news  of  the  French  who 
asked  his  permission  this  summer  to  go  up  there 
with  a  canoe  load  of  goods,  and  until  assured  that 
those  who  wintered  there  have  not  disnuiullcd 
the  fort,  and  that  tlie  Scioux  continue  in  the  same 
sentiments.  Besitles.  it  does  not  seem  very  easy, 
in  the  jiresent  conjuncture,  to  maintain  that  i)ost 
unless  there  is  a  solid  peace  with  the  Foxes;  on 
the  other  hand,  the  greatest  portion  of  the  tra- 
ders, who  applied  in  1727  for  the  establishment 
of  that  ])ost,  have  withdrawn,  and  will  not  send 
thither  any  more,  as  the  rupttwe  with  tlie  Foxes, 
through  whose  country  it  is  necessary  to  pass  in 
order  to  reach  the  Scioux  in  canoe,  has  led  them 
to  abandon  the  idea.  IJnt  the  one  and  the  other 
ca.se  might  be  remedied.  The  Foxes  will,  in  all 
j)rol)ability,  come  or  send  next  year  to  sue  for 
peace;  therefore,  if  it  be  granted  to  them  on  ad- 
vantageous conditions,  there  nceil  l)e  no  appre- 
hension when  going  to  llie  Sioux,  and  anollicr 
company  could  be  formed,  less  niMnenius  than 
the  first,  through  whom,  or  some  responsible  iiiei- 
cliants  able  to  affonl  the  oullit,  a  new  treat> 
could  be  made,  whereby  these  difficulties  would 
be  soon  obviated.  One  only  trouble  remains,  and 
tliat  is,  to  send  a  commanding  and  siib-oflicer, 
and  some  soldiers,  up  there,  whirh  arc  atisojiitfly 


necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  good  order  at 
that  post;  the  missionaries  would  not  go  there 
without  a  commandant.  This  article,  which  re- 
gards the  service,  and  the  expense  of  which  nnisl 
be  on  his  majesty's  account,  obliges  tliem  to  ap- 
ply for  orders.  They  will,  as  far  as  lies  in  their 
power,  induce  the  traders  to  meet  that  expense, 
which  will  possibly  amount  to  1000  livres  or 
1500  livres  a  year  for  the  commandant,  and  in 
proportion  for  the  officer  under  him;  but,  as  in 
the  beginnuig  of  an  establishment  the  expenses 
exceed  the  profits,  it  is  improbable  that  any  coni- 
imny  of  merchants  will  assume  the  outlay,  and 
in  this  case  they  demand  orders  on  this  point,  as 
well  as  his  majesty's  opinion  as  to  the  necessity 
of  presers'iug  so  useful  a  post,  and  a  nation  which 
has  already  afforded  proofs  of  its  lidelity  and  at- 
tachment. 

'•  These  orders  could  be  sent  them  by  the  way 
of  He  Royale,  or  by  the  first  merchantmen  that 
will  sail  for  Quebec.  The  time  required  to  re- 
ceive intelligence  of  the  occurrences  in  the  Scioux 
country,  will  admit  of  their  waiting  for  these 
orders  l)ef(n'e  doing  anything." 

Sieur  de  la  .lemeraye.  a  relative  of  Sieiir  de  la 
Perriere  lioucher.  with  a  few  French,  during  the 
troubles  remained  in  the  Sioux  country.  After 
peace  was  established  with  the  Foxes,  Legardeur 
Saint  Pierre  was  in  conunand  at  Fort  Beauhar- 
nois,  and  Father  CUiignas  again  attempted  to  es- 
tablish a  Sioux  mission.  In  a  conununicaticm 
dated  llilh  of  October,  173(i,  by  the  Canadian  au- 
thorities is  the  following:  "In  regard  to  the 
Scioux,  Saint  Pierre,  who  comniaiided  at  that 
post,  and  Fatlier  (Juignas.  the  missionary,  have 
writlen  to  Sieur  de  Beauhaniois  on  the  tenth  and 
eleventh  of  last  April,  that  these  Indians  a))- 
peared  well  intentioned  toward  the  French,  and 
had  no  other  liar  tlian  that  of  being  abandoned 
by  them.  Sieur  de  Beauhaniois  annexes  an  ex- 
tract of  these  letters,  and  although  tlie  Siioux 
seem  very  friendly .  tlie  result  only  can  tell  whether 
this  lidelity  is  to  be  absolutely  depemled  upon, 
for  the  iiiirestiaiutMl  and  inconsistent  spirit  which 
i-om|ioses  the  Indian  character  may  easily  change 
it.  They  have  not  come  over  this  siiinnier  as  yet, 
but  M.  de  la  St.  Pierre  is  to  get  them  to  do  so 
next  year,  and  to  have  an  eye  on  their  proceed- 
ings." 

The  11  ply  to  this  coniiniinication  from  Louis 


DE  LUSIGNAN  VISITS  THE  SIOUX  COUNTRY. 


57 


XV.  dated  Versailles,  May  10th,  1737,  was  in 
these  words  :  "  As  respects  the  Scioiix.  according; 
to  what  the  commandant  aud  missionary  at  thai 
post  have  written  to  Sieur  de  Beaidiarnois  rela- 
tive to  the  disposition  of  these  Indians,  nothing 
appears  to  be  wanting  on  that  point. 

'•  But  their  delay  in  coming  down  to  Montreal 
since  the  time  they  have  promised  to  do  so,  must 
render  their  sentiments  somewhat  suspected,  and 
notlihig  but  facts  can  determine  whether  their 
tidelily  can  be  absolutely  relied  on.  But  what 
must  still  further  increase  the  uneasiness  to  be 
entertained  in  their  regard  is  the  attack  on  the 
convoy  of  M.  de  Verandrie,  especially  if  this  officer 
has  adopted  the  course  lie  had  informed  the 
Marquis  de  Beauharnois  he  should  take  to  have 
revenge  tlierefor." 

The  particulars  of  the  attack  alluded  to  will  be 
found  in  the  next  chapter.  Soon  after  this  the 
Foxes  again  became  troublesome,  and  the  post  on 
Lake  Pepin  was  for  a  time  abandoned  Ijy  the 
French.  A  dispatch  in  1741  uses  this  language  : 
"  The  Marquis  de  Beauharnois'  opinion  respect- 
ing the  war  against  the  Foxes,  has  been  the  more 
readily  approved  by  the  Baron  de  Longeuil, 
Messieurs  De  la  Chassaigne,  La  Come,  de  Lig- 
nery.  LaXoue,  and  Duplessis-Fabert,  whom  he 
had  assembled  at  his  house,  as  it  appears  from 
all  the  letters  that  the  Count  has  written  for  sev- 
eral years,  that  he  has  nothing  so  much  at  heart  as 
the  destruction  of  that  Indian  nation,  which  can 
not  be  prevailed  on  by  the  presents  and  the  good 
treatment  of  the  French,  to  hve  in  peace,  not- 
withstanding all  its  promises. 

"Besides,  it  is  notorious  that  the  Foxes  have  a 
secret  understanding  with  the  Iroquois,  to  secure 
a  retreat  among  the  latter,  in  case  they  be  obliged 
to  abandon  their  villages.  They  have  one  already 
secured  among  the  Sioux  of  the  prairies,  with 
whom  they  are  allied ;  so  that,  should  they  be 


advised  beforeliand  of  the  design  of  the  French 
to  wage  war  against  Iheni.  it  would  be  easy  for 
them  to  retire  to  the  one  or  the  other  before  their 
passage  could  be  intersected  or  themselves  at- 
tacked in  their  villages." 

In  the  summer  of  1743,  a  deputation  of  the 
Sioux  came  down  to  Quebec,  to  ask  that  trade 
might  be  resumed.  Tliree  years  after  this,  four 
Sioux  chiefs  came  to  Quebec,  and  asked  that  a 
commandant  might  be  sent  to  Fort  Beauharnois  ; 
which  was  not  granted. 

During  the  winter  of  174-5-6,  De  Lusignan  vis- 
ited the  Sioux  coimtry.  ordered  by  the  govern- 
ment to  hunt  up  the  "coureurs  des  bois."  and 
withdraw  them  from  the  country.  They  started 
to  return  with  him,  but  learning  that  they  would 
be  arrested  at  ilackinaw,  for  violation  of  law, 
they  ran  away.  While  at  the  villages  of  the  Sioux 
of  the  lakes  aud  jiliiins,  the  chiefs  brought  to 
this  officer  nineteen  of  their  young  men,  bound 
with  cords,  who  had  killed  three  Frenchmen,  at 
the  Illinois.  While  he  remained  with  them,  they 
made  peace  with  the  Ojibways  of  La  Pointe, 
with  whom  they  had  been  at  war  for  some  time. 
On  his  return,  four  chiefs  accompanied  him  to 
Montreal,  to  solicit  pardon  for  their  young  braves. 

The  lessees  of  the  trading-post  lost  many  of 
tlieir  peltries  that  winter  in  consequence  of  a  fire. 

Reminiscences  of  St.  Pierre's  residence  at  Lake 
Pepin  were  long  preserved.  Carver,  in  17(5(5,  ''ob- 
served the  ruins  of  a  Freiidi  factory,  where,  it 
is  said.  Captain  St.  Pierre  resided,  and  carried  on 
a  great  trade  willi  the  Nadoucssics  before  the  re- 
duction of  Canada."" 

Pike,  in  1.S0.5,  wrote  in  his  journal:  "  .Just  be- 
low Pt.  Le  Sable,  the  French,  who  had  driven  tlie 
Rcnards  [Foxes]  from  ^\lsoonsin,  and  chased 
tliem  up  the  Mississippi,  built  a  stockade  on  this 
lake,  as  a  barrier  against  the  savages.  It  became 
a  noted  factory  for  the  Sioux." 


58 


EXPLORERS  AM)  PIONEERS  OF  MIXKESOTA. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

VEKENDEYE,  THE    EXPLORER    OF    NOUTnEItN    MINNESOTA,    AND    DISCOVERER    OF    THE    ROCKY 

MOUNTAINS. 


Convereation  of  Vrrciidryc  with  Father  De  Oonor. — Parentacp  and  Early  T.ife. — 
Old  Indian  Map  I'rt-scrvpd. — VcrpD'lryi-'s  Son  and  Ncflinw  Exi-lorc  Pit'i-"ii 
River  and  Rracli  liainy  lake— Father  Messayora  Companion.— Fort  St.  Pierre 
Established.- Uke  of  the  Woods  Reached  and  Fort  St.  Charles  Built.— De  la 
Jenieraye's  Map.  — Fort  on  the  Asainalioine  River.— Verendrye's  Son,  Father 
Ouncau  and  Asaociates  Killed  hy  Sioux,  on  Ma&sncre  Isle,  in  Lake  ol'the  W^mkK 
—  Fort  lA  Reine  — Vervndrye's  Eldest  Son,  with  Others.  Reaches  the  JHissouti 
River.- Discovers  the  Rocky  Mi'untains— Returns  to  Like  of  the  Woods.— 
Exploration  of  Saskatchewan  River.— Sieur  dc  la  Verendrye  Jr.— Verendrye 
the  Father,  made  Captain  of  the  Order  of  St,  Louis.— His  Death.— The  Swedish 
Traveler.  Kali)i,  >'otiees  Verendrye.- Boupainville  Describes  Verendrye's  Ex- 
plorations.—Legar<leur  de  St.  Pierre  at  Fort  La  Reine — Fort  Jonquiere  Est.'.h- 
lished.— De  la  Come  Succeeds  St.  Pierre  -  St.  Pierre  Me<-ts  W.xshington  at 
French  Creek,  in  Pennsylvania.— Killed  in  Battle,  near  Lake  George. 


Early  in  tlie  year  1728.  two  travelers  met  at 
the  secluded  jiost  of  2*Iackinaw.  tine  was  named 
De  Gonor,  a  Jesuit  Father,  who  with  (iuignas, 
had  gone  with  the  expeililion.  that  the  September 
before  had  built  Fort  IJeauliarnois  on  the  sliores 
of  Lake  Pepin,  the  other  was  Pierre  Gualtier  Va- 
rennes.  the  Sieur  de  la  'N'erendrye  the  commander 
of  the  post  on  Lake  Xepigon  of  the  north  shore 
of  Lake  Suiierior.  and  a  relative  of  the  Sieur  de 
la  Perriere,  the  commander  at  Lake  Pepin. 

^'erendrye  was  the  son  of  Rene  Gualtier  Va- 
rennes  who  for  twenty-two  years  was  the  eliief 
magistrate  at  Three  Rivers,  whose  wife  was  Ma- 
rie Boucher,  the  daughter  of  his  predecessor 
whom  he  had  married  when  she  was  twelve  years 
of  age.  Ill' became  a  cadet  in  1 ')'.»",  and  in  1704 
accompanied  an  expedition  to  New  England. 
The  next  year  he  was  in  Newfoundland  and  the 
year  following  he  went  to  France,  joined  a  regi- 
ment of  Brittany  and  was  in  tlie  conflict  at  Mal- 
plaquet  when  the  French  trooiis  were  defeated 
by  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  ^\■lll•ll  ln'  returned 
to  Canada  he  was  obliged  to  accept  tlie  jinsition 
of  ensign  notwithstanding  tlie  gallant  manner  in 
which  he  had  behaved.  In  time  lie  became  iden- 
tifieil  with  the  Lake  Superior  legion.  AVIiile  at 
Lak(!  Nepigtin  the  Indians  assurecl  liiin  lliat  there 
was  a  communication  largely  by  water  to  the 
Pacilic  Ocean.  One,  named  Oduigachs,  drew  a 
rude  ma]>  of  llie  country,  which  is  still  preserved 
among  the  French  archives.     Pigeon  River  is 


marked  tliereou  Manlnhavagane,  and  the  River 
St.  Louis  is  marked  R.  fond  du  L.  Superior,  and 
the  Indians  aiii)ear  to  have  passed  from  its  head- 
waters to  R;iiii\-  Lake.  Fpon  the  western  ex- 
tremity is  marked  the  River  of  the  West. 

De  Gonor  conversed  much  upon  the  route  to 
the  I'acific  with  Verendrye.  and  promised  to  use 
his  influence  with  the  Canadian  authorities  to 
advance  the  project  of  exploration. 

Charles  De  Beauharnois,  the  Governor  of  Can- 
ada, gave  Verendrye  a  respectful  hearing,  and 
carefully  exaniineil  the  map  of  the  region  west  of 
the  great  lakes,  which  had  been  drawn  by  Ochar 
gachs  (Otchaga).  the  Indian  guide.  Orders  were 
soon  given  to  lit  out  an  expedition  of  fifty  men. 
It  left  Montreal  in  17.'U.  under  the  conduct  of  his 
sons  and  uepliew  De  la  Jemeraye.  he  not  joining 
the  party  till  1733,  in  consequence  of  the  deten- 
tions of  business. 

In  the  autumn  of  1731.  the  party  reached  Rainy 
Lake,  by  the  Nantouagan,  or  Groselliers  ri\cr, 
now  calleil  Pigeon.  Father  .Messayer.  who  had 
been  stationed  on  Lake  Superior,  at  the  (irosel- 
liers  river,  w^as  taken  as  a  spiritual  guide.  At 
the  fiidt  of  Rainy  Lake  a  post  was  erecteii  and 
calleil  Fort  St.  Pierre,  and  the  next  year,  having 
crossed  Minittie,  Or  Lake  of  the  Woods,  they  es- 
tablislied  Fort  St.  Charles  on  its  southwestern 
bank.  Five  leagues  from  Lake  Winnipeg  they 
established  a  post  on  the  Assinaboine.  .\ii  un- 
published map  of  these  discoveries  by  De  la  .Iciu- 
eraye  still  exists  at  Paris.  The  river  Winnipeg, 
calleil  by  them  Maurepas,  in  honor  of  tlie  luiiiis- 
ter  of  France  in  1734,  was  protected  by  a  fort  of 
(lie  same  name. 

About  this  time  their  advance  was  stopped  by 
the  exhaustion  of  suiii>lies.  but  on  the  IJtli  of 
April,  1735,  an  arrangement  was  made  for  a  sec- 
ond equipment,  and  a  fourtli  son  johied  the  expe- 
dition. 

In  June,  1730,  while  twenty-one  of  the  exTpedi- 


DISCOVERY  OF  THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAINS. 


59 


tion  were  camped  upon  an  isle  in  the  Lake  of  the 
Woods,  they  were  surprised  by  a  band  of  Sioux 
hostile  to  the  French  allies,  the  Cristinaux,  and 
all  killed.  The  island,  upon  this  accoimt,  is 
called  Massacre  Island.  A  few  days  after,  a 
party  of  five  Canadian  voyageurs  discovered  their 
dead  bodies  and  scalped  heads.  Father  Ouneau, 
the  missionary,  was  found  upon  one  knee,  an  ar- 
row in  his  head,  his  breast  bare,  his  left  hand 
touching  the  ground,  and  the  right  hand  raised. 

Among  the  slaughtered  was  also  a  son  of  \'er- 
endrye,  who  had  a  tomahawk  in  his  back,  and  his 
body  adorned  with  garters  and  bracelets  of  porcu- 
pine. The  father  was  at  the  foot  of  the  Lake  of 
the  Woods  when  he  received  the  news  of  his  son's 
murder,  and  about  the  same  time  heard  of  the 
death  of  his  enterprising  nephew,  Dufrost  de  la 
Jemeraye,  the  son  of  his  sister  JNIarie  Reine  de 
Varennes,  and  brother  of  iladame  Youville,  the 
foundress  of  the  Hospitallers  at  Montreal. 

It  was  under  the  guidance  of  the  latter  that 
the  party  had,  in  1731,  mastered  the  difficulties 
of  the  Nantaouagon,  or  Groselliers  river. 

On  the  3d  of  October,  1738,  they  built  an  ad- 
vanced post,  Fort  La  lieine,  on  the  river  Assmi- 
boels,  now  Assinaboine,  which  they  called  St 
Charles,  and  beyond  was  a  branch  called  St. 
Pierre.  These  two  rivers  received  the  baptismal 
name  of  A'erendrye.  which  was  Pierre,  and  (iov- 
ernor  I'eauharnois,  which  was  Chifi'les.  The  post 
became  the  centre  of  trade  and  point  of  departure 
for  explorations,  either  north  or  south. 

It  was  by  ascending  the  Assinaboine,  and  liy 
the  present  trail  from  its  tributary.  Mouse  river, 
they  reached  the  country  of  the  Alantanes,  and  in 
1741,  came  to  the  upper  Missouri,  passed  the  Yel- 
low Stone,  and  at  length  arrived  at  the  Rockj' 
Mountains.  The  party  was  led  by  tlie  eldest  sou 
and  his  brother,  the  chevalier.  Tliey  left  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods  on  the  29th  of  April,  1742, 
came  in  sight  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  on  the  1st 
of  January,  1743,  and  on  the  12th  ascended  them. 
On  the  route  they  fell  in  with  the  Beaux  Ilom- 
mes,  Pioya,  Petits  Renards.  and  Arc  tribes,  and 
stopped  among  the  Snake  tribe,  but  could  go  no 
farther  in  a  southerly  direction,  owing  to  a  war 
between  the  Arcs  and  Snakes. 

On  the  19th  of  May,  1744,  they  had  returned  to 
the  upper  Missouri,  and.  in  tlie  country  of  the 
Petite  Cerise  tribe,  tliey  planted  on  an  eminence 


a  leaden  plate  of  the  arms  of  France,  and  raised 
a  monument  of  stones,  which  they  called  Beau- 
harnois.  They  returned  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods 
on  the  2d  of  July. 

Xorth  of  the  Assiniboine  they  proceeded  to 
Lake  Dauphin,  Swan's  Lake,  explored  the  riv- 
er "  Des  Biches,"'  and  ascended  even  to  the 
fork  of  the  Saskatchewan,  which  they  called  Pos- 
koiac.  Two  fijrts  were  subsequently  established,- 
one  near  Lake  Dauplnn  and  the  other  on  the 
river  '■  des  Biches,"  called  Fort  Bourbon.  The 
northern  route,  by  the  Saskatchewan,  was  thought 
to  have  some  advantage  over  tlie  ^Missouri,  be- 
cause there  was  no  danger  of  meeting  with  the 
Spaniards. 

Governor  Beauharnois  having  been  prejudiced 
against  Verendrye  by  envious  persons,  De  Noy- 
elles  was  appointed  to  take  command  of  the 
posts.  During  these  difficulties,  we  find  Sieur  de 
la  Verendrye,  Jr.,  engaged  in  other  duties.  In 
August,  1747,  he  arrives  from  ^Mackinaw  at  Mon- 
treal, and  in  the  autumn  of  that  year  he  accom- 
panies St.  Pierre  to  Mackinaw,  and  brings  back 
the  convoy  to  Montreal.  In  February,  1748,  with 
five  Canadians,  five  Cristenaux,  two  Ottawas,  and 
one  Sauteur,  he  attacked  the  ^Mohawks  near 
Schenectady,  and  returned  to  Montreal  with  two 
scalps,  one  that  of  a  chief.  On  June  2(ltli.  1748, 
it  is  recorded  that  Chevalier  de  la  Verendrye  de- 
parted from  ^Montreal  for  the  head  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior. Margry  states  that  he  perished  at  sea  in 
November,  1764,  by  the  wreck  of  the  "  Auguste." 

Fortunately,  Galissioniere  the  successor  of 
Beauharnois,  altliough  deforme<l  and  insignifi- 
cant in  appearance,  was  fair  minded,  a  lover  of 
science,  especially  botany,  and  anxious  to  push 
discoveries  toward  tlie  I'acific.  Verendrye  the 
father  was  restored  to  favor,  and  made  Captain 
of  the  Order  of  St.  Louis,  and  ordered  to  resume 
explorations,  but  he  died  on  December  fith,  1749, 
while  planning  a  tour  up  the  Saskatchewan. 

The  Swedish  Professor,  Kalm.met  himin  Can- 
ada, not  long  before  his  decease,  and  had  inter- 
esting conversations  with  him  about  the  furrows 
on  the  plains  of  the  Missouri,  which  he  errone- 
ously conjectured  indicated  the  former  abode  of 
an  agricultural  people.  These  ruts  are  familiar 
to  modern  travelers,  and  may  be  only  buffalo 
trails. 

Father  Coquard,  wno  had  been  associated  with 


60 


KXVL01{En,-i  AM)  ri(JSEEli.-6   UF  ^lI^'^^EbUTA. 


Verendrye.  says  that  tliey  first  met  the  Mantanes. 
and  next  the  Brocliets.  After  these  were  the 
Gros  Ventres,  tlie  Crows,  the  Flat  Heads,  the 
Black  Feet,  and  Dog  Feet,  who  were  established 
on  the  Missouri,  even  up  to  the  falls,  and  that 
about  tliirty  leajj^ues  beyond  they  found  a  narrow 
pass  in  the  mountains. 

Bougainville  gives  a  mure  full  account:  he  says: 
"He  who  most  advanced  this  discovery  was 
the  Sieur  de  la  X'eranderie.  He  went  from  Fort 
la  Reine  to  the  Missouri.  He  met  on  the  banks 
of  this  river  the  JSIandans,  or  "White  Beards,  wlio 
had  seven  villages  witli  pine  stockades,  strenglli- 
ened  by  a  ditch.  Next  to  tliese  were  the  Kinon- 
gewiniris.  or  the  Brocliets,  in  three  villages,  and 
toward  the  upper  part  of  the  river  were  three 
villages  of  the  Maliantas.  All  along  the  mouth 
of  the  AVabeik,  or  Shell  Kiver,  were  situated 
twenty-three  villages  of  the  Panis.  To  the  south- 
west of  this  river,  on  the  banks  of  the  Onanaradc- 
ba.  or  La  Graisse.  are  Die  Ilectaiies  or  Snake 
tribe.  They  extend  to  the  base  of  a  chain  of 
mountains  which  runs  north  northeast.  Soutli 
of  tills  is  the  river  Karoskioii.  or  Cerise  Pelee, 
which  is  supposed  to  flow  to  California. 

••  He  found  in  the  immense  region  watered  by 
the  Missouri,  and  in  tlie  vicinity  of  forty  leagues, 
the  Mahantas.  tlie  Owiliniock.  or  Beaux  lloni- 
mes.  four  villages;  opposite  the  Brocliets  the  Black 
Feet,  three  villages  of  a  hundred  lodges  each;  op. 
posite  the  Mandansare  thef)spekakaerenons(pies. 
or  Flat  Hea  Is.  Iniir  \illages;  ojiposite  tli.)  Panis 
are  tlie  Arcs  of  Cristinaux.  and  I'tasibaoutcliatas 
of  Assiniboel,  three  villages;  following  these  tlio 
Makescli.  or  Little  Foxes,  tw^o  villages;  the  Pi- 
wassa.  or  great  talkers,  three  villages;  the  Ka- 
kokoscliena,  or  (iens  de  la  Pie,  live  villages;  the 
Kiskipisounouini,,  or  the  Garter  tribe,  seven  vil- 
lages." 

Galassoniere  was  sncceedeil  by  .lonquiere  in 
the  governorship  of  Canada,  who  proved  to  be  a 
gra.sping.  ))eevish.  and  very  miserly  iierson.  For 
the  sons  of  \'ereiidrye  he  had  no  symi>alliy.  and 
forming  a  clique  to  prolit  by  their  father  s  toils. 


he  determined  to  send  two  expeditions  toward 
the  Pacilic  Ocean,  one  by  the  ilissouri  and  the 
other  by  the  Saskatchewan. 

Father  Coquard.  one  of  the  companions  of  Ve- 
rendrye, was  consulted  as  to  the  probability  of 
finding  a  pass  in  the  Kocky  ilountaius,  through 
which  they  might,  in  canoes,  reach  the  great 
lake  of  .salt  water,  perhaps  Pugefs  Sound. 

The  enterprise  was  at  length  confided  to  two 
experienced  olhcers,  Lamarque  de  Marin  and 
Jacques  Legardeur  de  Saint  Pierre.  The  former 
was  assigned  the  way.  by  the  Missouri,  and  to 
the  latter  was  given  the  more  northern  route; 
but  Saint  Pierre  in  some  way  excited  the  hostil- 
ity of  the  Cristinaux.  who  attempted  to  kill  him, 
and  burned  Fort  la  Peine.  His  lieutenant,  Bou- 
cher de  Niverville,  who  had  been  sent  to  establish 
a  post  toward  the  source  of  the  Saskatchewan, 
failed  on  account  of  sickness.  Some  of  his  men. 
hnwever,  pushed  on  to  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
and  in  llUA  established  Fort  Jonqniere.  Henry 
says  St.  Pierre  established  Fort  Bourbon. 

In  1753.  Saint  Pierre  was  succeeded  in  the 
command  of  the  posts  of  the  West,  by  de  la 
Coine.  and  sent  to  French  Creek,  in  Pennsylva- 
nia. He  had  been  but  a  few  days  there  when  he 
received  a  visit  from  Washington,  just  entering 
uiioii  manhood,  bearing  a  letter  from  tioveruor 
Dinwiddle  of  Virginia,  complaining  of  the  en 
croachments  of  the  French. 

Soon  the  clash  of  arms  between  France  and 
Kiiglaiid  liegan,  and  SainI  Pierre,  at  the  head  of 
the  Indian  allies,  fell  near  Lake  George,  in  Sep- 
tember, 175.),  in  a  battle  with  the  Knglish,  After 
the  seven  years"  war  was  concluded,  by  the  treaty 
of  Paris,  the  French  reliiKiuished  all  their  posts 
in  the  .Northwest,  and  the  work  begun  by  Veren- 
drye, was.  in  1805,  completed  by  Lewis  and 
Clarke;  and  the  N'orthern  Pacific  Hallway  is  fast 
approaching  the  passes  of  the  Rocky  ^Mountains, 
through  the  valley  of  I  he  Yellow  Stone,  and  from 
iheiice  to  the  great  land-locked  bay  of  the  ocean, 
I'ligel's  Sound. 


EFFECT  OF  THE  ENGLISH  AND  FRENCH  WAS. 


61 


CHAPTETt   X. 


EFFECT   OF   THE  ENGLISH   AXD   KREXCH   WAR. 


English  Influence  Increasing.— Le  Due  Robbed  at  Lake  Superior.— St.  Pierre  at 
Mackinaw. — Escape  o(  Indian  Prisoners. — La  Ronde  and  Verendrye. — Influence 
of  Sieur  Marin. — St.  Pierre  Recalled  from  Winnipeg  Region.— Interview  with 
Washington. — Langlade  Urges  Attack  Upon  Troops  of  Braddock.— Saint  Pierre 
Killed  in  Battle. — Marin's  Boldness. — Rogers,  a  Partisan  Ranger.  Commands  at 
Mackinaw. — At  Ticonderoga.— French  Deliver  up  the  Posts  in  Canada, —Capt. 
Balfour  Takes  Possession  of  Mackinaw  and  Green  Bay. — Lieut.  Gorrcll  in  Com. 
mand  at  Green  Bay.— Sioux  Visit  Green  Bay. — Pennensha  a  French  Trader 
Among  the  Sioux. — Treaty  of  Paris. 


English  influence  produced  increasing  dissatis- 
faction among  tlie  Indians  tliat  were  beyond 
Mackinaw.  Not  only  were  the  voyageurs  robbed 
and  maltreated  at  Sault  St.  Marie  and  other  points 
on  Lake  Superior,  but  even  the  commandant  at 
Mackinaw  was  exposed  to  insolence,  and  there 
was  no  security  anywhere. 

On  the  twenty-third  of  August,  1747,  Philip  Le 
Due  arrived  at  Mackinaw  from  Lake  Superior, 
stating  that  he  had  been  robbed  of  his  goods  at 
Kamanistigoya,  and  that  the  Ojibways  of  the 
lake  were  favorably  disposed  toward  the  English. 
The  Dahkotahs  were  also  becoming  imruly  in  the 
absence  of  French  officers. 

In  a  few  weeks  after  Le  Due's  robbery,  St. 
Pierre  left  Montreal  to  become  commandant  at 
Mackinaw,  and  \'ercheres  was  appointed  for  the 
post  at  Green  Bay.  In  the  language  of  a  docu- 
ment of  the  day,  St.  Pierre  was  •'  a  very  good 
officer,  much  esteemed  among  all  the  nations  of 
those  parts  ;  none  more  loved  and  feared."  On 
his  arrival,  the  savages  were  so  cross,  that  he  ad- 
vised that  no  Frenchman  should  come  to  trade. 

By  promptness  and  boldness,  he  secured  the 
Indians  who  had  murdered  some  Frenchmen. 
and  obtained  the  respect  of  the  tribes.  While 
the  three  murderers  were  being  conveyed  in  a 
canoe  down  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Quebec,  in  charge 
of  a  sergeant  and  seven  soldiers,  the  savages,  with 
characteristic  cunning,  though  manacled,  suc- 
ceeded in  killing  or  drowning  the  guard.  Cutting 
their  irons  with  an  axe,  they  sought  the  woods, 
and  escaped  to  their  own  coimtry.  "Thus." 
vniteii  Galassoniere,  in  1748,  to  Count  Maurepas, 


was  lost  in  a  great  measure  the  fruit  of  Sieur  St. 
Pierre's  good  management,  and  of  all  tlie  fatigue 
I  endiu-ed  to  get  the  nations  who  surrendered 
these  rascals  to  listen  to  reason." 

On  the  twenty-first  of  June  of  the  next  year, 
La  Ronde  started  to  La  Pointe,  and  Verendrye 
for  West  Sea,  or  Fon  du  Lac,  Minnesota. 

Lender  the  influence  of  Sieur  Marin,  who  was 
in  command  at  (ireen  Bay  hi  17-53.  peaceful  re- 
lations were  m  a  measure  restored  between  the 
French  and  Indians. 

As  the  war  between  England  and  France  deep- 
ened, the  officers  of  the  distant  French  posts 
were  called  in  and  stationed  nearer  the  enemy. 
Legardeur  St.  Pierre,  was  brought  from  the  Lake 
Winnipeg  region,  and.  in  December,  17.53,  was  in 
command  of  a  rude  post  near  Erie.  Pennsylvania. 
Langlade,  di  Green  Bay,  Wisconsiu,  arrived  early 
in  July.  1755,  at  Fort  Duquesne.  With  Beauyeu 
and  De  Lignery.  who  had  Vieen  engaged  in  fight- 
ing the  Fox  Indians,  he  left  that  fort,  at  nine 
o'clock  of  the  moniing  of  the  9th  of  July,  and,  a 
little  after  noon,  came  near  the  English,  who  had 
halted  on  the  soutli  shore  of  the  Monongahela, 
and  were  at  dinner,  witli  their  arms  stacked.  ]5y 
the  urgent  entreaty  of  Langlade,  the  western 
half-breed,  Beauyeu,  tlie  officer  in  command  or- 
dered an  attack,  and  Braddock  was  overwhelmed, 
and  Washington  was  obliged  to  say,  "  We  have 
been  beaten,  shamefully  beaten,  by  a  handful  of 
Frenelimen." 

Under  Baron  Dieskau,  St.  Pierre  commanded 
the  Indians,  in  September,  1755,  during  the  cam- 
paign near  Lake  George,  where  he  fell  gallantly 
fighting  the  English,  as  did  his  commander. 
The  Rev.  Claude  Coquard,  alluding  to  the  French 
defeat,  in  a  letter  to  his  brother,  remarks: 

"  We  lost,  on  that  occasion,  a  brave  officer,  M. 
de  St.  Pierre,  and  had  liis  advice,  as  well  as  that 
of  several  other  Canadian  otticers,  been  followed. 
Jonckson  [Johnson]  was  irretrievably  destroyed. 


62 


EXPLOBEBS  AXD  PIOXEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


and  we  sliould  have  been  spared  the  trouble  we 
have  had  tliis  year." 

Other  officers  wlio  had  been  stationed  on  the 
bordere  of  ^Minnesota  also  distinguished  them- 
selves during  tlie  French  war.  Tlie  Marquis 
Montcalm,  in  camp  at  Ticonderoga,  on  the  twen- 
ty-seventh of  Jidy.  17-57,  writes  to  Vaudreuil, 
Governor  of  Canada: 

"  Lieutenant  Marin,  of  the  (Colonial  troops,  who 
has  exhibited  a  rare  audacity,  did  not  consider 
himself  bound  lo  lialt,  altliougli  his  detachment 
of  about  four  hundred  men  was  reduced  to  about 
two  hundred,  the  balance  having  been  sent  back 
on  account  of  inability  to  follow.  He  earned  off 
a  palrol  of  ten  men,  and  swei)l  away  an  ordinary 
guard  of  fifty  like  a  wafer;  went  up  to  the  en- 
emy's camp,  mider  Fort  Lydias  (Edward),  where 
he  was  exposed  to  a  severe  fne,  and  retreated  like 
a  warrior.  He  was  unwilling  to  amuse  himself 
making  prisoners;  he  brought  in  only  one,  and 
thirty-two  scalps,  and  must  have  killed  many  men 
of  the  enemy,  in  tlie  midst  of  whose  ranks  it  was 
neither  wise  nor  juMideiit  to  go  in  search  of  scalps. 
The  Indians  generally  all  behaved  well.  *  *  * 
The  Outaouais,  who  arrived  with  me.  ami  whom 
1  designed  to  go  on  a  scouting  party  towards  the 
lake,  liiid  conceived  a  project  of  administering  a 
corrective  to  the  English  barges.  *  *  *  On 
the  day  before  yesterday,  your  brother  formed  a 
detacliment  to  accompany  them.  1  ai'rived  at  liis 
camp  on  the  evening  of  the  same  day.  Lieuten- 
ant de  Corbiere.  of  the  ( "olonial  troops,  was  re- 
turning, in  consequence  of  a  misumlerstiniding. 
and  as  I  knew  tlie  zeal  and  intelligence  of  that 
officer,  I  made  him  set  out  with  a  new  instruc- 
tion to  join  Messrs  de  Langlade  and  Ilertel  de 
Cliantly.  Tliey  remained  in  anibnsli  all  day  and 
niglit  yesterday;  at  break  of  day  the  I'ji^lish  ap- 
peared on  Lake  St.  Sacrament,  to  the  iiuinher  of 
twenty-two  liarges,  under  the  coninian  !  of  Sieur 
I'arker.  The  whoops  of  our  Indians  impresseil 
them  with  such  terror  tliat  they  made  but  feeble 
resistance,  aiul  only  two  barges  escaped." 

After  De  Corliiere's  victory  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  a  kirge  Kreiicli  army  was  collected  at  Ti- 
conderoga, with  which  there  were  many  Indians 
from  the  tribes  of  the  Xorthwest.  and  the  loways 
appeared  for  tlie  first  time  in  the  east. 

It  isaii  interesting  fact  that  lli(?  English  offi- 
cers who  were  in  fre«iuent  engagements  willi  St. 


Pierre,  Lusignan,  Marin,  Langlade,  and  otliers, 
became  tlie  pioneers  of  tlie  British,  a  few  years 
afterwards,  in  tlie  occupation  of  the  outposts  of 
the  lakes,  and  in  tlie  exploration  of  Jilinnesota. 

Rogers,  the  celebrated  caiitain  of  rangers,  sub- 
sequently commander  of  ilackinaw,  and  Jona- 
than Carver,  the  first  British  explorer  of  Minne- 
sota, were  lioth  on  duty  near  Lake  Cliamplain.  tlie 
latter  narrowly  escaping  at  the  battle  of  Fort 
George. 

On  Christmas  eve,  1T.J7,  Rogers  approached 
Fort  Ticonderoga,  to  fire  tlie  outhouses,  but  was 
prevented  by  discharge  of  the  cannons  of  the 
Fren  li. 

He  contented  himself  with  killing  fifteen  beeves, 
on  the  horns  of  one  of  which  he  left  this  laconic 
and  amusing  note,  addressed  to  the  commander 
of  the  post: 

'•  I  am  obliged  to  j'ou,  Sir,  for  the  repose  you 
have  allowed  me  to  take;  I  tlmuk  you  for  the  fresh 
mcdl  you  liare  sent  me.  I  request  you  to  present 
my  compliments  to  the  ilarquis  du  Montcalm."' 

On  the  thirteenth  of  March,  1758,  Durantaye, 
formerly  at  ilackinaw,  had  a  skirmish  with  Rog- 
ers. Bcitli  had  been  trained  on  the  frontier,  and 
they  met  '•  as  Greek  met  (Jreek."  The  contiict 
was  fierce,  and  the  French  victorious.  The  In- 
dian allies,  finding  a  scalp  of  a  chief  underneath 
an  ofllcer's  jacket,  were  furious,  and  took  one 
hundred  and  fourteen  scalps  in  return,  \nien 
the  French  retmned,  they  supposed  that  Captain 
Rogers  was  among  the  killed. 

At  (^ueliec,  when  ^lontcalm  and  Wolfe  fell, 
there  were  Ojibways  present  assisting  the  French 

The  Indians,  returning  from  the  expeditions 
against  the  English,  were  attacked  with  small- 
pox, and  many  died  at  .Mackinaw. 

On  the  eighth  of  September,  Ktiii,  the  French 
delivered  up  all  their  posts  in  Canada.  A  few 
<lays  after  tlie  capitulation  at  Montreal,  Major 
Rogers  was  sent  with  i'^nglish  troops,  to  garrison 
llie  posts  of  the  distant  Northwest. 

On  the  eighth  of  September,  1761,  a  year  after 
the  surrender,  Caiitaiii  Balfour,  of  the  eightieth 
regiment  of  the  British  army,  left  Detroit,  with 
a  detachment  to  Uike  po8ses,sion  of  the  French 
forts  at  Mackinaw  and  Green  Bay.  Twenty-five 
soldiers  were  left  at  .Mackinaw,  in  coniniaiid  of 
Lieutenant  Leslie,  and  the  rest  sailed  to  (irec^n 
Bay,   iiiKler    Lieutenant  (iorrell   of    the  Royal 


PEKA^'EXSIIA  WRITES  A  LETTER  FOR  THE  SIOUX. 


63 


Americans,  where  they  arrived  on  the  twelfth  of 
October.  The  fort  had  been  abandoned  for  sev- 
eral years,  and  was  in  a  dilapidated  condition. 
In  charge  of  it  there  was  left  a  lieutenant,  a  cor- 
poral, and  fifteen  soldiers.  Two  English  traders 
arrived  at  the  same  time,  ^IcKay  from  Albany, 
and  Goddard  from  Montreal. 

Gorrell  in  his  journal  alludes  to  the  Miiuiesota 
Sioux.    He  writes — 

"  On  March  1, 176.S,  twelve  warriors  of  the  Sous 
came  here.    It  is  certamly  the  greatest  nation  of 
Indians  ever  yet  found.    Not  above  two  tliousand 
of  them  were  ever  armed  with  firearms  ;  the  rest 
depending  entirely  on  bows  and  arrows,  which 
they  use  with  more  skill  than  any  other  Indian 
nation  in  America.     They  can  shoot  the  wildest 
and  largest  beasts  in  the  woods  at  seventy  or  one 
hundred  yards  distant.    They  are  remarkable  for 
their  dancing,   and  the  other  nations  take  the 
fashions  from  them.    *****    Tliis  nation 
is  always  at  war  with  the  Chippewas,  those  who 
destroyed  Mishamakinak.     They  told  me  witli 
warmth  that  if  ever  the  Chippewas  or  any  other 
Indians  wished  to  obstract  the  passage  of  the 
traders  coming  up,  to  send  them  word,  and  they 
would  come  and  cut  them  off  from  the  face  of 
the  earth ;  as  all  Indians  were  their  slaves  or  dogs. 
I  told  them  I  was  glad  to  see  them,  and  hoped  to 
have  a  lasting  peace  with  them.    Tliey  then  gave 
me  a  letter  wrote  in  French,  and  two  belts  of 
wampum  from  their  king,  in  which  he  expressed 
great  joy  on  hearing  of  there  being  English  at 
his  post.    Tlie  letter  was  WTitten  by  a  French 
trader  whom  I  had  allowed  to  go  among  them 
last  fall,  w  ith  a  pmniise  of  his  behaving  well ; 
whicli  he  did,  better  than  any  Canadian  I  ever 
knew.    *****    With  regard  to  traders,  I 
would  not  allow  any  to  go  amongst  them,  as  I 


then  understood  they  lay  out  of  the  government 
of  Canada,  but  made  no  doubt  they  would  have 
traders  from  the  Mississippi  in  the  spring.  They 
went  away  extremely  well  pleased.  June  14th, 
1763,  the  traders  came  down  from  the  Sack  coun- 
try, and  confirmed  the  news  of  Landsing  and  his 
son  being  killed  by  the  French.  There  came  with 
the  traders  some  Puans,  and  four  young  men  with 
one  chief  of  the  Avoy  [loway]  nation,  to  demand 
traders.    ***** 

"  On  the  nineteenth,  a  deputation  of  AVinneba- 
goes.  Sacs,  Foxes  and  Menominees  arrived  with 
a  Frenchman  named  Pemiensha.  This  Pennen- 
sha  is  the  same  man  who  wrote  the  letter  the 
Sous  brought  with  them  in  French,  and  at  the 
same  time  held  council  w  ith  that  great  nation  in 
favour  of  the  English,  by  whicli  he  much  promo- 
ted the  interest  of  the  latter,  as  appeared  by  the 
behaviour  of  the  Sous.  He  brought  with  him  a 
pipe  from  the  Sous,  desiring  that  as  the  road  is 
now  clear,  they  would  by  no  means  allow  the 
Chippewas  to  obstruct  it,  or  give  the  English  any 
disturbance,  or  prevent  the  traders  from  coming 
up  to  them.  If  they  did  so  they  would  send  all 
their  warriors  and  cut  them  off." 

In  July,  1763,  there  arrived  at  Green  Bay, 
Bruce,  Fisher;  and  Koseboom  of  Albany,  to  en- 
gage in  the  Indian  trade. 

By  the  treaty  of  Paris  of  1763,  France  ceded  to 
tJreat  Britain  all  of  the  country  east  of  the  ]Mis- 
sissippi,  and  to  Spain  the  whole  of  Louisiana,  so 
that  the  latter  power  for  a  time  held  the  whole 
region  between  the  ^lississippi  River  and  the  I'a- 
ciflc  Ocean,  and  that  portion  of  the  city  of  Min- 
neapolis known  as  the  East  Division  was  then 
governed  by  the  Biitish,  wliile  the  West  Division 
was  subject  to  the  Spanish  code. 


64 


EXFLOIiKHS  ASD  PIONEERS  OF  MJXXESOIA. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

JONATHAN  CARVER,  THE  FIRST  BRITISH  TRAVELER   AT   FALLS  OF  SAINT  ANTHONY. 


Carver's  Early  Life.— In  the  Battle  near  Lake  George— Arrives  nt  Maekiniuv.— 
01(1  Fort  at  Green  Buy. — Winnel>aeo  Villatre. — Description  of  Prairie  du  Chien. 
Earthworks  on  Banks  of  Lake  Pepin.— Sioux  Bands  Desctilied.- Cave  and 
Burial  Place  ni  Suburbs  of  St.  Paul.— The  Kalis  of  Saint  Anthony.— Burial 
Rites  of  tLe  Moujt.— Speech  of  a  Sioux  Chief.— Schiller's  Poem  ot  the  Death 
SonE. — Sir  John  Herschcl's  Translatioii,— Sir  E.  Bulwer  Lyttons  Version  ■■- 
Correspondence  of  Sir  William  Johnson  ".Carver's  Project  for  Openinu  a  Route 
to  the  Pacific. -.-Supiiosed  Urigin  of  the  Sioux. --.Carver's  Claim  to  Lands  Ex- 
amined.--.All«-Eed  Deed. --.Testimony  of  Kev.  Samuel  Peters.— Communication 
from  Gen.  Leavenworth— -Report  of  U.  S.  Senate  Committee, 

Jonathan  Carver  was  a  native  of  Conneeticnt 
His  grandfather,  William  Caner.  was  a  native  of 
Wifjan.  Lancasliire,  Kngland.  ami  a  captain  in 
King  William's  army  diirinf;  the  caniiiaitjn  in 
Ireland,  and  for  meritoiions  services  receivetl  an 
appointment  as  an  ollicer  of  the  colony  of  Con- 
necticut. 

His  father  was  a  justice  of  the  jieace  in  the 
new  world,  and  in  1732,  the  subject  of  this  sketcli 
was  bom.  At  tlie  early  age  of  fifteen  lie  was 
called  to  moum  the  death  of  his  father.  He  then 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  but  his  roving 
disposition  could  not  bear  the  conlines  of  a  doc- 
tor's office,  and  feeling,  perhaps,  that  his  genius 
woidd  be  crampeil  by  pestle  and  mortar,  at  the 
age  of  eiglilecn  he  ))iircliase(l  an  ensign's  comniis- 
sioii  in  one  of  the  I'eginicnls  raised  tliiriiig  the 
Frencli  war.  He  was  of  nieiliiim  stature,  anil  of 
strong  minil  and  (piick  iierceptions. 

Jn  the  year  1757,  lie  was  cajitain  uniler  Colonel 
Williams  in  tiie  battle  near  Lake  (ieorge.  where 
Saint  I'ierre  was  killed,  and  narrowly  escaped 
with  his  life. 

After  the  peace  of  171)3,  between  France  and 
Kngland  was  declareil,  Car\'er  conceived  the  jiro- 
ject  of  ex]>loriiig  the  Northwest.  I-eaviiig  IJoston 
in  the  nionlh  of  .June.  I'liii,  he  arrived  at  Macki- 
naw, then  the  most  distant  IMtish  jMist.  in  the 
month  of  August.  Having  obtained  a  credit  on 
some  French  an<l  Knglish  traders  from  Major 
Rogers,  the  officer  in  coniniiind.  lie  started  with 
them  on  the  third  day  of  .September.  I'nrsuing 
the  usual  route  to  (ireen  Hay.  they  arrived  there 
on  the  eighteeiilh. 


The  French  fort  at  that  time  was  standing, 
though  much  decayed.  It  was,  some  years  pre- 
vious to  his  arrival,  garrisoned  for  a  short  time 
by  an  officer  and  thirty  English  soliliers.  but  they 
having  been  captured  by  the  Menominees.  it  was 
abandoned. 

In  comiiany  with  the  traders,  he  left  (ireen 
Bay  on  the  twentieth,  and  ascending  Fox  river, 
arrived  on  the  twenty-fifth  at  an  isliind  at  the 
east  end  of  Lake  Winnebago,  containing  about 
lifty  acres. 

Here  he  found  a  Whmebiigo  village  of  fifty 
houses.  lie  asserts  that  a  woniiin  was  in  aiithoi- 
ity.  In  the  month  of  October  the  party  was  at 
the  portage  of  the  Wisconsin,  and  descending 
that  stream,  they  arrived,  on  the  ninth  at  a  town 
of  the  Sauks.  AVhile  here  he  visited  some  lead 
mines  about  iifteen  miles  distant.  An  abundance 
of  lead  was  also  seen  in  the  village,  that  hatlbeen 
brought  from  the  mines. 

On  the  tenth  they  arrived  at  the  first  village  of 
the  "  Ottigaumies"  [Foxes]  about  live  miles  be- 
fore the  \Visconsin  joins  the  Mississippi,  he  per- 
ceived the  remnants  of  auotlier  village,  and 
learned  that  it  had  been  deserted  about  thirty 
years  before,  and  that  tlie  inhabitants  soon  after 
their  removal,  built  a  town  on  the  Mississippi, 
near  the  month  of  the  "  Ouisconsin,"  at  a  place 
called  by  the  French  La  Prairie  lesChiens,  which 
siguilieil  the  Dog  I'hiins.  It  was  a  large  town, 
and  contained  about  three  hiiudreil  families. 
The  houses  were  built  after  the  Incliiiu  manner, 
and  pleasantly  situated  on  a  dry  rich  soil. 

He  saw  here  iiwiiiy  houses  of  a  good  size  anil 
shape.  This  town  \\:is  the  great  mart  where  all 
the  adjacent  tribes,  and  where  those  who  inhabit 
the  most  remote  branches  of  the  Mississippi,  an- 
nually assemble  about  the  latter  end  of  May, 
bringing  with  tliem  their  furs  to  dispose  of  to  the 
traders.  Hut  it  is  not  always  that  they  conclude 
llifir  .sale  here.     This  was  (leteiiiiiueil  by  a  gen 


SUPPOSED  FORTIFICATIONS  NEAR  LAKE  PEPIN. 


65 


eral  coimcil  of  the  chiefs,  who  consulted  whether 
it  would  be  more  conducive  to  their  interest  to 
sell  their  goods  at  this  place,  or  to  carry  them 
on  to  Louisiana  or  JNIackinaw. 

At  a  small  stream  called  Yellow  River,  oppo- 
site Prairie  du  Chien,  the  traders  who  had  tluis 
far  accompanied  Cai-ver  took  up  their  residence 
for  the  winter. 

From  this  point  he  proceeded  in  a  canoe,  with 
a  Canadian  voyageur  and  a  ilohawk  Indian  as 
companions.  Just  before  reaching  Lake  Pepin, 
while  his  attendants  were  one  day  preparing  din- 
ner, he  walked  out  and  was  struck  with  the  pecu- 
liar appearance  of  the  surface  of  the  country,  and 
thought  it  was  the  site  of  some  vast  artiiicial 
earth-work.  It  is  a  fact  worthy  of  remembrance, 
that  he  was  the  lirst  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
civilized  world  to  the  existence  of  ancient  monu- 
ments in  the  Mississippi  valley.  AVe  give  his  ovra. 
description  : 

'•  On  the  first  of  November  I  reached  Lake 
Pepin,  a  few  miles  below  which  I  landed,  and, 
whilst  the  servants  were  preparing  my  dinner,  I 
ascended  the  bank  to  view  the  coimtry.  I  had 
not  proceeded  far  before  I  came  to  a  fine,  level, 
open  plain,  on  which  I  perceived,  at  a  little  dis- 
tance, a  partial  elevation  that  had  the  apjiearance 
of  entrenchment.  On  a  nearer  inspection  I  had 
greater  reason  to  suppose  that  it  had  really  been 
intended  for  this  many  centuries  ago.  Xotwith- 
standing  it  was  now  covered  with  grass,  I  could 
plainly  see  that  it  had  once  been  a  breastwork  of 
about  four  feet  in  height,  extending  the  best  part 
of  a  mile,  and  sufficiently  capacious  to  cover  five 
thousand  men.  Its  form  was  somewhat  circular 
and  its  fianks  reached  to  the  river. 

"  Though  much  defaced  by  time,  every  angle 
was  distinguishable,  and  appeared  as  regular  and 
fashioned  with  as  much  mihtary  skill  as  if  planned 
by  Vauban  himself.  The  ditch  was  not  visible, 
but  I  thought,  on  examining  more  curiously,  that 
I  could  perceive  there  certainly  had  been  one. 
From  its  situation,  also,  I  am  convinced  that  it 
must  have  been  designed  for  that  purpose.  It 
fronted  the  country,  and  the  rear  was  covered  by 
the  river,  nor  was  there  any  rising  ground  for  a 
considerable  way  that  commanded  it ;  a  few 
straggling  lakes  were  alone  to  be  seen  near  it. 
In  many  places  smaJl  tracks  were  worn  across  it 
by  the  feet  of  the  elks  or  deer,  and  from  the  depth 


of  the  bed  of  earth  by  which  it  was  covered,  I  was 
able  to  draw  certain. conclusions  of  its  great  anti- 
quity. I  examined  all  the  angles,  and  every  part 
with  great  attention,  and  have  often  blamed  my- 
self since,  for  not  encamping  on  the  spot,  and 
drawing  an  exact  plan  of  it.  To  show  that  this 
description  is  not  the  offspring  of  a  heated  imag- 
ination, or  the  chimerical  tale  of  a  mistaken  trav- 
eler, I  find,  on  inquiry  since  my  retiu'n,  that 
Mons.  St.  Pierre,  and  several  traders  have  at  dif- 
ferent times,  taken  notice  of  similar  appearances, 
upon  which  they  have  formed  the  same  conjec- 
tures, but  without  examining  them  so  minutely 
as  I  did.  How  a  work  of  this  kind  could  exist  in 
a  country  that  has  hitherto  (according  to  the  gen- 
erally received  opinion)  been  the  seat  of  war  to 
untutored  Indians  alone,  whose  whole  stock  of 
mihtary  knowledge  has  only,  till  within  two  cen- 
turies, amounted  to  dramng  the  bow,  and  whose 
only  breastwork  even  at  present  is  the  thicket,  I 
know  not.  I  have  given  as  exact  an  accoimt  as 
possible  of  this  singular  appearance,  and  leave  to 
future  explorers  of  those  distant  regions,  to  dis- 
cover whether  it  is  a  production  of  nature  or  art. 
Perhaps  the  hints  I  have  here  given  might  lead 
to  a  more  perfect  investigation  of  it,  and  give  us 
very  different  ideas  of  the  ancient  state  of  realms 
that  we  at  present  believe  to  have  been,  from  the 
earliest  period,  only  the  habitations  of  savages." 

Lake  Pepin  excited  his  admiration,  as  it  has 
that  of  every  traveler  since  his  day.  and  here  he 
remarks :  "  I  observed  tlie  ruins  of  a  French  fac- 
tory, where  it  is  said  Captain  St.  Pierre  resided, 
and  carried  on  a  very  great  trade  with  the  Nau- 
dowessies,  before  the  reduction  of  Canada." 

Carver's  first  acquaintance  with  the  Dahkotahs 
commenced  near  the  river  St.  Croix.  It  would 
seem  that  the  erection  of  trading  posts  on  Lake 
Pepin  had  enticed  them  from  their  old  residence 
on  Rum  river  and  ^lille  Lacs. 

He  says:  "Near  the  river  St.  Croix  reside 
bands  of  the  Naudowessie  Indians,  called  the 
River  Bands.  This  nation  is  composed  at  pres- 
ent of  eleven  bands.  They  were  originally 
twelve,  but  the  Assinipoils,  some  years  ago,  re- 
volting and  separating  themselves  from  the  oth- 
ers, there  remain  at  this  time  eleven.  Those  I 
met  here  are  termed  the  River  Bands,  because 
they  chiefly  dwell  near  tlie  banks  of  this  river; 
the  other  eight  are  generally  distinguished  by  the 


66 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINXESOIA. 


title  (it  Xaddwessies  of  the  I'lains,  and  inhabit  a 
couutry  more  to  the  westward.  The  names  of 
the  former  are  Neliogatawouahs,  the  Mawtaw- 
bainitowalis.  and  Sliasliweeiilowahs. 

Arriving  at  wliat  is  now  a  sulmrb  of  the  cap- 
ital of  Minnesota,  he  eontiiuies:  ••  About  thir- 
teen miles  below  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  at 
which  1  arrived  the  tenth  day  after  1  left  Lake 
Pejiiu.  is  a  remarkable  cave,  of  an  ama'/ins;  deptli. 
The  Indians  teim  it  "Wakon-teebe  [Wakan-tipi]. 
The  entrance  into  it  is  aboiit  ten  feet  wide,  the 
height  of  it  live  feet.  The  arch  within  is  fifteen 
feet  high  and  about  thirty  feet  broad;  the  l)ottom 
consists  of  fine,  clear  sand.  About  thirty  feet 
from  the  entrance  begins  a  lake,  the  water  of 
wliich  is  transi)arent.  and  extends  to  an  unsearch- 
able distance,  for  the  darkness  of  the  cave  pre- 
ents  all  attemiits  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  it.] 
I  threw  a  small  i)eljble  towards  the  nterior  part 
of  it  with  my  utmost  strength.  I  could  hear  that 
it  fell  into  the  water,  and,  notwithstandhig  it  was 
of  a  small  size,  it  caused  an  astonishing  and  ter- 
rible noise,  that  revei-beraled  througli  all  those 
gloomy  regions.  1  found  in  this  cave  many  In- 
dian hieroglyphics,  \\  liiili  aiijieared  \  eiy  ancient, 
for  time  had  nearly  covered  llieni  witli  moss,  so 
that  it  was  with  ditliculty  I  could  trace  tliem. 
They  were  cut  in  a  rude  maimer  upon  the  inside 
of  the  wall,  wliicli  was  composed  of  a  stone  so  ex- 
tremely soft  that  it  might  lie  easily  penetrated 
with  a  kiufe;  a  stone  everywhere  to  be  found 
near  the  Missjissippi. 

"  At  a  little  distance  from  this  dreary  cavern, 
is  the  burying-place  of  several  bands  of  the  Xau- 
dowessie  Indians.  Tliough  these  peoi)le  have  no 
fixed  residence,  being  in  tents,  and  seldom  but  a 
few  months  in  one  spot,  yet  they  always  bring 
the  bones  of  the  dead  to  this  jtlace. 

"Ten  miles  below  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony, 
the  river  St.  Pierre,  called  by  the  natives  Wada- 
paw  Alenesotor,  falls  into  the  ^lississippi  from  the 
we^il.  It  is  not  mentioned  by  leather  IJeunepin, 
though  a  large,  fair  river.  This  omission,  I  con- 
sider, must  have  proceeded  from  a  small  island 
[I'ike'.s]  that  is  situated  exactly  in  its  entrance." 

When  he  reaeheil  the  Minni^sota  river,  the  ice 
became  so  troublesome  tliat  he  left  his  canoe  in 
the  neighborhood  of  what  is  now  St.  Anthony, 
and  walked  to  St.  Anthony,  in  comiiany  with  a 
young  Winnebago  chief,  who  had  never  seen  the 


curling  waters.  The  chief,  on  reaching  the  emi- 
nence some  distance  below  C'heever's,  began  to 
invoke  his  gods,  and  offer  oblations  to  the  spirit 
in  the  waters. 

•In  t)ie  middle  of  the  Falls  stands  a  small 
island,  about  forty  feet  broad  and  somewhat  lon- 
ger, on  which  grow  a  few  cragged  hemlock  and 
si)ruce  trees,  and  about  half  way  between  this 
island  and  the  eastern  shore  is  a  rock,  lying  at 
the  very  edge  of  the  Falls,  in  an  oblique  position, 
that  appeared  to  be  about  five  or  six  feet  broad, 
and  thirty  or  forty  long.  At  a  little  distance  be- 
low the  Falls  stands  a  small  Lsland  of  about  an 
aci'c  and  a  lialf.  on  which  grow  a  great  nimiber  of 
oak  trees." 

From  this  description,  it  would  ajipear  that  the 
little  island,  now  some  distance  below  the  Falls, 
was  once  in  the  very  midst,  and  shows  that  a  con- 
stant recession  has  been  going  on,  and  that  in 
<'iges  long  past  they  were  not  far  from  the  .Minne- 
sota river. 

No  description  is  more  glowing  tliau  Carvers 
of  the  country  adjacent: 

'■  The  country  around  them  is  extremely  beau- 
tiful. It  is  not  an  uninterrupted  plain,  where  the 
eye  finds  no  relief,  but  composed  of  many  gentle 
ascents,  which  in  the  summer  are  covered  with 
the  finest  verdure,  and  interspersed  with  little 
groves  that  give  a  pleasing  variety  to  the  pros- 
pect. On  the  whole,  when  the  Falls  are  inclu- 
ded, whicli  may  be  seen  at  a  distance  of  foiu' 
miles,  a  more  pleasing  and  iiicturescnie  view,  I 
Vielieve,  cannot  be  found  throughout  the  uni- 
verse."' 

'•  He  arrived  at  the  Falls  on  the  seventeenlli  of 
November,  1766,  and  ajipcars  to  have  ascended  as 
far  as  Elk  river. 

On  the  twenty-fifth  of  November,  he  had  re- 
turned to  the  iilace  oiijiosite  the  Minnesota,  where 
he  had  left  his  canoe,  and  this  stream  as  yet  not 
being  ob.structed  with  ice,  he  commenced  its  as- 
cent, with  the  colors  of  Great  lirilain  fiying  at 
the  stern  »)f  his  canoe.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
he  entered  this  river,  but  how  far  he  explored  it 
cannot  be  ascertained.  He  speaks  of  the  llai)ids 
near  Shakojiay,  and  asserts  thai  he  went  as  far  as 
two  hundred  miles  licvond  jNIendota.  He  re- 
marks: 

"  On  tlie  seventli  of  December,  I  arrived  at  the 
utmost  of  my  travels  towards  the  West,  where  I 


SIOUX  BURIAL  ORATION  VERSIFIED  BY  SCHILLER. 


67 


met  a  large  party  of  the  Xaudowessie  Indians, 
among  whom  I  resided  some  months." 

After  speaking  of  the  upper  bands  of  the  Dah- 
kotahs  and  their  allies,  he  adds  that  he  "  left  the 
"habitations  of  the  hospitable  Indians  the  latter 
end  of  April,  17G7,  Init  did  not  part  from  them 
for  several  days,  as  I  was  accompanied  on  my 
journey  by  near  three  himdred  of  them  to  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  Pierre.  At  this  season 
these  bands  annually  go  to  the  great  cave  (Day- 
ton's Bluff)  before  mentioned. 

When  he  arrived  at  the  great  cave,  and  the  In- 
dians liad  deposited  the  remains  of  their  deceased 
friends  in  the  burial-place  that  stands  adjacent 
to  it,  they  held  their  great  council  to  wliicli  lie 
was  admitted. 

When  the  Xaudowessies  brought  their  dead  for 
interment  to  the  great  cave  (St.  Paul),  I  attempted 
to  get  an  hisight  into  the  remaining  burial  rites, 
but  whether  it  was  on  accoimt  of  the  stencli 
which  arose  from  so  many  dead  bodies,  or  whether 
they  chose  to  keep  this  part  of  their  custom  secret 
from  me,  I  could  not  discover.  I  found,  however, 
that  they  considered  my  curiosity  as  ill-timetl, 
and  therefore  I  withdrew.    *    * 

One  formality  among  the  Xaudowessies  in 
mourning  for  the  dead  is  very  different  from  any 
mode  I  observed  in  the  other  nations  througli 
which  I  passed.  The  men,  to  show  how  great 
their  sorrow  is,  pierce  the  flesh  of  their  arms 
above  the  elbows  with  arrows,  and  tlie  women 
cut  and  gash  their  legs  with  broken  flints  till  tlie 
blood  flows  very  plentifully.    *    * 

After  the  breath  is  departed,  the  body  is 
dressed  in  tlie  same  attire  it  usually  wore,  his 
face  is  painted,  and  he  is  seated  in  an  erect  pos- 
ture on  a  mat  or  skin,  placed  in  the  middle  of  the 
hut,  with  his  weapons  by  his  side.  His  relatives 
seated  around,  each  iii  tuni  harangues  the  de- 
ceased; and  if  he  has  been  a  great  warrior,  re- 
counts his  heroic  actions,  nearly  to  the  following 
purport,  which  in  the  Indian  language  is  extreme- 
ly poetical  and  pleasing 

"  You  still  sit  among  us,  brother,  your  person 
retains  its  usual  resemblance,  and  continues  sim- 
ilar to  ours,  witliout  any  visible  deficiency,  ex- 
cept it  has  lost  the  power  of  action!  But  whither 
is  that  breath  flown,  which  a  few  hours  ago  sent 
up  smoke  to  the  Great  Spirit?  AViiy  are  those 
Ups  silent,  that  lately  delivered  to  us  expressions 


and  pleasing  language?  Why  are  those  feet  mo- 
tionless, that  a  few  liours  ago  were  fleeter  than 
tlie  deer  on  yonder  mountains?  AMiy  useless 
hang  those  arms,  that  could  climb  the  tallest  tree 
or  draw  the  toughest  bow?  Alas,  every  part  of 
tliat  frame  wliich  we  lately  beheld  with  admira- 
tion and  wonder  has  now  become  as  inanimate  as 
it  was  three  hundred  years  ago!  We  wiU  not, 
liowevef,  bemoan  thee  as  if  thou  wast  forever 
lost  to  us,  or  that  thy  name  would  be  buried  in 
oblivion;  thy  soul  yet  lives  in  the  great  coimiry 
of  spirits,  with  those  of  thy  nation  that  have  gone 
before  thee;  and  though  we  are  left  behind  to 
perpetuate  tliy  fame,  we  will  one  day  join  thee. 

"  Actuated  by  the  respect  we  bore  thee  whilst 
living,  we  now  come  to  tender  thee  the  last  act  of 
liindness  m  our  power;  that  thy  body  might  not 
lie  neglected  on  the  plain,  and  become  a  prey  to 
tlie  beasts  of  the  field  or  fowls  of  the  air,  and  we 
will  take  care  to  lay  it  with  those  of  thy  predeces- 
sors that  have  gone  before  thee;  hoping  at  the 
same  time  that  thy  spirit  will  feed  with  their 
spirits,  and  be  ready  to  receive  ours  wlien  we 
shall  also  arrive  at  tlie  great  country  of  souls." 

Por  this  speech  Carver  is  principally  indebted 
to  his  imagination,  but  it  is  well  conceived,  and 
suggested  one  of  Scliiller's  poems,  which  Gcethe 
considered  one  of  his  best,  and  wished  ••  he  had 
made  a  dozen  such." 

Sir  E.  Lytton  Bulwerthe  distinguished  novelist, 
and  Sir  John  Ilerschel  tlie  eminent  astronomer, 
liave  each  given  a  translation  of  Schiller's  "  Song 
of  the  Xadowessee  Chief." 

SIR  E.   L.   BULWER'S  TRANSLATION. 

See  on  his  mat — as  if  of  yore, 

All  life-like  sits  he  here  ! 
With  that  same  aspect  which  he  wore 

"When  light  to  him  was  dear 

But  where  the  right  hand's  strength  ?  and  where 
The  breath  that  loved  to  breathe 

To  the  Great  Spirit,  aloft  in  air. 
The  peace  pipe's  lusty  wreath  ? 

And  where  the  hawk-like  eye,  alas ! 

That  wont  the  deer  pursue, 
Along  the  waves  of  rippling  grass. 

Or  fields  that  shone  with  dew  ? 


68 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIOXEEBS  OF  MIXNESOTA. 


Are  these  the  limber,  boimdiiig  feet 
That  swept  tlie  winter's  snows  ? 

"What  stateliest  stag  so  fast  and  lleet  ? 
Their  speed  outstripped  the  roe's  ! 

These  arms,  tliat  then  the  steady  bow 

Could  .supiilc  lidiii  it's  jiride. 
How  stark  and  lielplcss  hang  they  now 

Adowu  the  stiffened  side  ! 

Yet  weal  to  liim — at  jieaoe  he  stays 

Wherever  fall  the  snows  ; 
AVhere  o'er  the  meadows  springs  the  maize 

That  mortal  never  sows. 

Wherij  birds  are  blithe  on  every  brake — 
■\Vliere   orests  teem  with  deer — 

Where  glide  the  lisli  througli  every  lake — 
One  chase  from  year  to  year ! 

With  spirits  now  he  feasts  above  ; 

All  left  us  to  revere 
The  deeds  we  honor  willi  niir  love, 

The  dust  we  bury  here. 

Here  bring  the  last  gift ;  loud  and  shrill 
Wail  death  dirge  for  tlie  brave  ; 

What  i)leased  liim  most  in  life,  may  still 
Give  pleasure  in  the  grave. 

We  1  ly  the  axe  beneath  his  head 

He  swung  when  strength  was  strong — 

The  bear  on  which  liis  baufiuets  fed, 
The  way  fnuii  railh  is  long. 

,\jiil  li  ic.  new  sliarpcncil,  jilace  tlie  knife 

Tliat  .severed  from  the  clay. 
From  which  tlie  axe  liad  spoiled  the  life, 

Tlie  conquered  scalp  away. 

Tlie  paints  that  deck  tlic  dead,  bcslnw ; 

Yes,  place  them  in  his  hand, 
Thiit  red  the  kingly  slia<le  may  glow 

Amid  the  siiiiit  land. 

silt  JOHN  iiicnscnKi/s  tuanslation. 

Se:',  where  ii))oii  the  mat  he  sits 

Erect,  before  his  door, 
Willi  just  the  same  majestic  air 

That  once  in  life  he  wore. 


But  where  is  fled  his  strength  of  limb. 

The  whirhvuid  of  his  breath, 
To  the  Great  Spirit,  when  he  sent 

The  peace  pipe's  mounting  wreath? 

Where  are  those  falcon  eyes,  which  late 

Along  the  plain  could  trace, 
Along  the  grass's  dewy  waves 

The  reindeer's  printed  pace? 

Those  legs,  which  once  with  matchless  speed, 

Flew  through  the  drifted  snow, 
Sun^assed  the  stag's  unwearied  course, 

Outran  the  mountain  roe? 

Those  arms,  once  used  with  might  and  main. 

The  stubborn  bow  to  twang? 
See,  see.  their  nerves  are  slack  at  last. 

All  motionless  they  hang. 

"Tis  well  with  him,  for  he  is  gone 

AVhere  snow  no  more  is  foiuid, 
A^Hiere  the  gay  thorn's  perpetual  bloom 

Decks  all  the  held  around. 

AVhere  wild  birds  sing  from  every  spray, 

Where  deer  ccme  sweeping  by, 
"Wliere  fish  from  every  lake  afford 

A  iileiitifiil  suiiply. 

With  spirits  now  he  feasts  above, 

And  leaves  us  here  alone. 
To  celebrate  his  valiant  derds. 

And  round  his  grave  to  moan. 

Sound  tlic  dcalli  song,  bring  furtli  the  gifts, 

Tiic  last  gifts  of  the  dead, — 
Let  all  which  yet  may  yield  him  joy 

Within  his  grave  be  laid. 

The  lialclK't  |ilari'  ln'iieatli  his  liiad 

Still  reil  witli  hostili^  blood; 
And  add.  because  the  way  is  long, 

Tlie  bear's  fat  limbs  for  food. 

The  scalping  knife  beside  liiiii  lay. 

With  paints  id'  gorgeous  dye. 
That  in  the  land  of  souls  his  form 

May  shine  triuiniihantly. 

Il  a|ipcais  fioiu  dtlicr  s<ini"ces  that  Tarver'.s 
visit  lo  the  Dahkotalis  was  of  .some  elTect  in  bring- 
ing about  friendly  intercourse  between  them  and 
the  commander  of  the  I^iglisli  force  at  Mackinaw. 


CARVEB'S  PROJECT  FOR  A  ROUTE  TO  THE  PACIFIC. 


69 


The  earliest  mention  of  the  Dahkotas,  in  any 
public  British  documents  that  we  linow  of,  is  in 
the  correspondence  between  Sir  William  Johnson, 
Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs  for  tlie  Colony 
of  New  York,  and  General  Gage,  in  command  of 
the  forces. 

On  the  eleventh  of  September,  less  than  six 
montlis  after  Carver's  speech  at  Dayton's  Bluff, 
and  the  departure  of  a  number  of  chiefs  to  the 
English  fort  at  Mackinaw,  Johnson  writes  to 
General  Gage:  '•  Though  I  wrote  to  you  some 
days  ago,  yet  I  would  not  mind  saying  something 
again  on  the  score  of  the  vast  expenses  incurred, 
and,  as  I  understand,  still  incurring  at  Michili- 
mackinac,  chiefly  on  pretence  of  making  a  peace 
between  the  Sioux  and  Chippeweighs,  witli  which 
I  think  we  have  very  little  to  do,  in  good  policy 
or  otherwise.'' 

Sir  AVilliam  Jolmson,  in  a  letter  to  Lord  Hills- 
borough, one  of  his  Majesty's  ministers,  dated 
August  seventeenth,  1768,  again  refers  to  the 
subject: 

"  Much  greater  part  of  those  who  go  a  trading 
are  men  of  such  circumstances  and  disposition  as 
to  venture  their  jiersons  everywhere  for  extrava- 
gant gains,  yet  the  consequences  to  the  public 
are  not  to  be  slighted,  as  we  may  be  led  into  a 
general  quarrel  through  their  means.  The  In- 
dians in  the  part  adjacent  to  Michilimackinac 
have  been  treated  with  at  a  very  great  expense 
for  some  time  previous. 

"Major  Rodgers  brings  a  considerable  charge 
against  the  former  for  mediating  a  peace  between 
some  tribes  of  the  Sioux  and  some  of  the  Chippe- 
weighs, which,  had  it  been  attended  with  success, 
would  only  have  been  interesting  to  a  very  few 
French,  and  others,  that  had  goods  in  that  part 
of  the  Indian  country,  but  tlie  contrary  has  hap- 
pened, and  tliey  are  now  more  violent,  and  war 
against  one  another." 

Though  a  wilderness  of  over  one  thousand  miles 
intervened  between  tlie  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  and 
the  white  settlements  of  the  English,  Carver  was 
fully  impressed  with  the  idea  that  the  State  now 
organized  under  the  name  of  Minnesota,  on  ac- 
count of  its  beauty  and  fertility,  would  attract 
settlers. 

Speaking  of  the  advantages  of  the  country,  lie 
says  that  the  future  population  will  be  "able  to 
convey  their  produce  to  the  seaports  with  great 


facility,  the  current  of  the  river  from  its  source 
to  its  entrance  into  the  GuLf  of  Mexico  being  ex- 
tremely favourable  for  doing  this  in  small  craft 
This  might  also  m  time  he  fdcilitatcd  by  canals  or 
shorter  cuts,  and  a  communication  opened  by  ^cater 
with  Kew  York  by  way  of  the  Lalccs." 

The  suliject  of  this  sketch  was  also  confident 
that  a  route  would  be  discovered  by  way  of  the 
Minnesota  river,  whicli  "would  open  a  passage 
to  China  and  the  English  settlements  in  the  East 
Indies."' 

Carver,  having  returned  to  England,  interested 
"Wliitworth,  a  member  of  parliament,  in  the 
northern  route.  Had  not  the  American  Revolu- 
tion commenced,  they  proposed  to  have  built  a 
fort  at  Lake  Pepin,  to  have  proceeded  up  the 
^liimesota  until  they  found,  as  they  supposed 
they  could,  a  branch  of  the  Missouri,  and  from 
tlience,  journeying  over  tlie  summit  of  lands  im- 
lil  they  came  to  a  river  which  they  called  Oregon, 
thoy  expected  to  descend  to  the  Pacific. 

Carver,  in  common  with  other  travelers,  had 
lis  theory  in  relation  to  the  origin  of  the  Dahko- 
talis.  He  supposed  that  they  came  from  Asia. 
He  remark?!  "  But  tliir:  might  have  been  at  dif- 
ferent times  and  from  various  parts — from  Tar- 
tary,  China.  Japan,  for  the  inhabitants  of  these 
places  resemble  each  other.    *    *    * 

"  It  is  very  evident  that  some  of  the  names  and 
customs  of  the  American  Indians  resemble  those 
of  the  Tartars,  and  I  make  no  doubt  but  that  in 
some  future  era,  and  this  not  far  distant,  it  will 
be  reduced  to  certainty  tliat  during  some  of  the 
wars  between  the  Tartars  and  Chinese  a  part  of 
the  inhabitants  of  the  northern  provinces  were 
driven  from  their  native  country,  and  took  refuge 
ill  some  of  tlie  isles  before  mentioned,  and  from 
thence  found  their  way  into  America.     *    *    * 

"  Many  words  are  used  both  by  the  Chinese  and 
the  Indians  which  liave  a  resemblance  to  each 
other,  not  only  in  their  sound,  but  in  their  signi- 
fication. The  Chinese  call  a  slave  Shungo;  and 
the  Naudowessio  Indians,  whose  language,  from 
their  little  intercourse  with  the  Europeans,  is 
least  corrupted,  term  a  dog  Shungusli  [Shoan- 
kah].  The  f.)rm':r  denominate  one  siiecies  of  their 
tea  Shoushong;  the  latter  call  their  tobacco  Shou- 
sas-sau  [Chanshasha],  Many  other  of  the  words 
used  by  the  Indians  contain  the  syllaliles  che, 
chaw,  and  chu,  after  the  dialect  of  the  Chinese." 


70 


EXPLOBESS  Am)  PIOKEEES  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Tlip  comparison  of  languages  has  become  a  rich 
source  of  liis'.'  rical  knowledge,  yet  many  of  the 
analogies  traced  :i:e  fanciful.  The  remark  of 
Ilurabolt  in  "  Cosmos"  1?  worthy  of  remembrance. 
'■As  the  structure  of  ^Vmtrican  idioms  appears 
remarkably  strange  to  nations  speaking  the  mod- 
ern languages  of  Western  Europe,  and  who  readily 
suffer  themselves  to  he  led  away  by  some  acci- 
dental analogies  of  sound,  theologians  have  gen- 
erally believed  that  they  could  trace  an  affinity 
with  the  Hebrew.  Spanish  colonists  with  the 
Basque  and  the  Engli.sh.  or  French  settlers  with 
(iaelic,  Erse,  or  the  ]5as  Breton.  I  one  day  met 
on  the  coast  of  Peru,  a  Spanish  naval  officer  and 
an  Entrlish  whaling  captain,  tlie  foriticr  of  whom 
declared  that  he  had  lieard  Basque  sjioken  at  Ta- 
hiti; the  other,  Gaelic  or  Erse  at  the  Sandwich 
Islands."' 

Carver  became  very  poor  while  in  England, 
and  was  a  clerk  in  a  lotterj-office.  He  died  in 
1780,  and  left  a  widow,  two  sons,  and  five  daught- 
ers, in  New  England,  and  also  a  child  by  another 
wife  that  he  had  married  in  (ireat  Britain 

After  his  death  a  claim  was  urged  for  the  land 
upon  which  the  capital  of  Minnesota  now  stands- 
and  for  many  miles  a<ljacent.  As  there  are  still 
many  persons  who  l)elieve  that  they  Imve  some 
right  through  certain  deeds  purporting  to  be  from 
theheirsofCarver.it  is  a  matter  worthy  of  an 
investigation. 

Car\'er  says  nothing  in  his  book  of  travels  in  re- 
lation to  a  grant  from  the  Dahkotahs,  but  after 
he  was  buried,  it  was  asserted  that  there  was  a 
deed  belonging  to  him  in  existence,  conveying 
valuable  lands,  and  tliat  said  deed  was  executed 
at  the  cave  now  in  the  eastern  suburbs  of  Saint 
I'aul. 

UKKI)    l'l"lU'OI[Tl>l(i    I'O    HAVK    ItEEN   GIVEN   AT 
THE  CAVE  IN  TllE  MLUKF  BELOW  ST.  FaUL. 

"  To  Jonathan  Carver,  u  chief  under  tlie  most 
mighty  and  putent  (;eiirge  the  Thiid.  King  of  the 
English  and  other  nations,  the  fame  of  wliose 
warriors  hiis  reached  our  ears,  and  has  now  been 
fully  told  us  by  our  (jood  hmtlifr  Jmmthnn.  afore- 
said, wlioin  we  rejoice  to  have  cume  among  us, 
and  bring  us  g<H)d  news  from  his  country. 

"  We,  chiefs  of  tlie  Naudowessies,  who  have 
hereunto  set  our  seals,  do  by  these  presents,  for 
onrselves  and  heirs  forever,  in  return  for  tlie  aid 
and  oilier  good  services  done  by  the  said  Jona- 


than to  ourselves  and  allies,  give  grant  and  con- 
vey to  him,  the  said  Jonathan,  and  to  his  heirs 
and  assigns  forever,  the  whole  of  a  certain  tract 
or  territory  of  land,  bounded  as  follows,  viz:  from 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  miming  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  nearly  southeast,  as  far 
as  Lake  Pepiu.  where  the  Chippewa  joins  the 
Mississippi,  and  from  thence  eastward  five  days 
travel,  accomiting  twenty  English  miles  per  day; 
and  from  thence  again  to  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony, 
on  a  direct  straight  line.  We  do  for  ourselves, 
heirs,  and  assigns,  forever  give  niito  the  said  Jo- 
nathan, his  heirs  and  assigns,  with  all  the  trees, 
rocks,  and  rivers  therein,  reserving  the  sole  lib- 
erty of  hunting  and  fishing  on  land  not  planted 
or  improved  by  tlie  said  Jonathan,  his  heirs  and 
assigns,  to  which  we  have  affixed  our  respective 
seals. 

"  At  the  Great  Cave.  May  1st.  1707. 

"Signed,        IIAWXOPAWJATIX. 

OTOIITGXGOOMLISIIEAW. " 

The  original  deed  was  never  exhibited  by  the 
assignees  of  the  heirs.  By  his  English  wife  Car- 
ver had  one  child,  a  daughter  Martha,  who  was 
cared  for  by  Sir  Richard  and  Lady  Pearson.  In 
time  she  eloped  and  married  a  sailor.  A  mercan- 
tile firm  in  Londmi,  thinking  that  money  could 
be  made,  induced  the  newly  married  couple,  the 
day  after  the  wedding,  to  convey  the  grant  to 
them,  with  the  understanding  that  they  were  to 
have  a  tenth  of  the  profits. 

Tlie  merchants  despatched  an  agent  by  the 
name  of  Clarke  to  go  to  the  Dahkotahs,  and  ob- 
tain a  new  deed;  but  on  his  way  he  was  murdered 
in  the  state  of  New  York. 

In  the  year  1794,  the  heirs  of  Carver's  Ameri- 
can wife,  in  consideration  of  fifty  tliousand  pounds 
sterling,  conveyed  their  interest  in  the  Carver 
grant  to  Edward  Houghton  ol'  ^'l■lnlllul.  In  the 
year  l.SOO.  Samnel  I'eters,  wlio  had  been  a  lory 
and  an  Ejiiscoiial  minister  during  the  Kevolu- 
tionary  war,  alleges,  in  a  petition  to  Congress, 
that  he  had  also  purchased  of  the  heirs  oi'  Carver 
their  rights  to  the  grant. 

Before  the  Senate  commiltce.  tlic  .saiin'  ,\ear, 
he  testified  as  follows: 

"In  the  year  1774,  I  arrived  there  (London), 
anil  met  Caiitain  ('ar\er.  In  177.">.  Carver  had  a 
hearing  before  the  king,  iiraying  his  majesty's 
approval  of  a  deed  of  Imnl  ilaled  .May  first,  17r>7, 


UNITED  STATES  BEJECT  CARVER'S  CLAIM. 


71 


and  sold  and  granted  to  him  by  the  Jv'audowissies. 
The  result  was  his  majesty  approved  of  the  exer- 
tions and  bravery  of  Captain  Carver  among  tlie 
Indian  nations,  near  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  in 
the  Mississippi,  gave  to  said  Carver  1371?.  13s.  M. 
sterling,  and  ordered  a  frigate  to  be  prepared, 
and  a  transport  ship  to  carry  one  hundred  and 
fifty  men,  under  command  of  Captain  Carver,  witli 
four  others  as  a  committee,  to  sail  the  next  June 
to  Nevs'  Orleans,  and  then  to  ascend  the  Missis- 
sippi, to  take  possession  of  said  territory  conveyed 
to  Captain  Carver ;  but  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill 
prevented."' 

In  1821,  General  Leavenworth,  having  made 
inquiries  of  the  Dahkotahs,  in  relation  to  the 
alleged  claim,  addressed  the  following  to  tlie 
commissioner  of  the  land  otHce  : 

"  Sir: — Agreeably  to  your  recpiest,  I  have  the 
honour  to  inform  you  what  I  have  understood 
from  the  Indians  of  the  Sioux  Nation,  as  well  as 
some  facts  within  my  own  knowledge,  as  to  what 
is  commonly  termed  Carver's  Grant.  The  grant 
purports  to  be  made  by  the  chiefs  of  the  Sioux 
of  the  Plahis,  and  one  of  the  chiefs  uses  the  sign 
of  a  serpent,  and  the  other  of  a  turtle,  purport- 
ing that  their  names  are  derived  from  those  ani- 
mals. 

"The  land  lies  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississ- 
ippi.    The  Indians  do  not  recognize  or  acknowl 
edge  the  grant  to  V)e  valid,  and  they  among  otliers 
assign  the  following  reasons: 

"1.  The  Sioux  of  the  Plains  never  owned  a 
foot  of  land  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi. 
The  Sionx  Nation  is  divided  into  two  grand  di- 
visions, viz:  The  Sioux  of  the  Lake;  or  perhaps 
more  literally  Sioux  of  the  Elver,  and  Sioux  of 
the  Plain.  The  fcn-mer  subsists  by  luniting  and 
fishing,  and  usually  move  from  place  to  place  by 
water,  in  canoes,  during  the  summer  season,  and 
travel  on  the  ice  in  the  winter,  when  not  on 
their  hunting  excursions.  The  latter  subsist  en- 
tirely by  hunting,  and  have  no  canoes,  nor  do 
they  know  but  little  about  the  use  of  them.  They 
reside  in  the  large  prairies  west  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  follow  the  buffalo,  upon  which  they  entirely 
subsist;  these  are  called  Sioux  of  the  Plain,  and 
never  owned  land  east  of  the  Mississippi. 

"  2.  The  Indians  say  they  have  no  knowledge 
of  any  such  chiefs  as  those  who  haye  signed  tlie 
grant  to  Carver,  either  amongst  the  Sioux  of  the 


River  or  the  Sioux  of  the  Plain.  They  say  that 
if  Captain  Carver  did  ever  obtain  a  deed  or 
grant,  it  was  signed  by  some  foolish  young  men 
wlio  were  not  chiefs  and  who  were  not  author- 
ized to  make  a  grant.  Among  the  Sioux  of  the 
River  there  are  no  such  names. 

"  3.  They  say  the  Indians  never  received  any- 
thing for  the  laud,  and  they  have  no  intention  to 
part  with  it  without  a  consideration.  From  my 
knowledge  of  the  Indians.  I  am  induced  to  think 
they  would  not  make  so  considerable  a  grant,  and 
have  it  to  go  into  full  effect  without  receiving  a 
substantial  consideration. 

'•  i.  They  have,  and  ever  have  had,  the  pos- 
session of  the  land,  and  intend  to  keep  it.  I 
know  that  they  are  very  particular  in  making 
every  person  who  wishes  to  cut  timber  on  that 
tract  obtain  their  permission  to  do  so,  and  to  ob- 
tain payment  for  it.  In  the  month  of  May  last, 
some  Frenchmen  brought  a  large  raft  of  red  cedar 
timber  out  of  the  Chippewa  River,  which  timber 
was  cut  on  the  tract  before  mentioned.  The  In- 
dians at  one  of  the  villages  on  the  Mississippi, 
where  the  principal  chief  resided,  compelled  the 
Frenchmen  to  land  the  raft,  and  would  not  per- 
mit them  to  pass  until  they  had  received  jiay  for 
the  timber,  and  the  Frenchmen  were  compelled 
to  leave  their  raft  with  the  Indians  until  they 
went  to  Prairie  dn  Chien,  and  olitained  the  nec- 
essary articles,  and  made  the  payment  required." 

On  the  twenty-third  of  January,  1823,  the  Com- 
mittee of  Public  Lands  made  a  report  on  the 
claim  to  the  Senate,  which,  to  every  disinterested 
person,  is  entirely  satisfactory.  After  stating 
the  facts  of  the  petition,  the  report  continues: 

"  The  Rev.  Samuel  Peters,  in  his  petition,  fur- 
ther states  that  Lefei,  the  present  Emiierin-  of 
the  Sioux  and  Naudowessies,  and  Red  Wing,  a 
sachem,  the  heirs  and  successors  of  the  two  grand 
chiefs  wlio  signed  the  said  deed  to  Captain  Car- 
ver, have  given  satisfactory  and  positive  proof 
that  they  allowed  their  ancestors'  deed  to  be  gen- 
uine, good,  and  valid,  and  that  Captain  Carver's 
heirs  and  assigns  are  the  owners  of  said  territory, 
and  may  occupy  it  free  of  all  molestation. 

The  committee  have  examined  and  considered 
the  claims  thus  exhibited  l)y  the  petitioners,  and 
remark  that  the  original  deed  is  not  i)i-oduced,  nor 
any  competent  legal  evidence  offered  of  its  execu- 
tion ;  nor  is  there  any  prooi'  that  tlie  persons,  who 


72 


EXP  LO  HE  US  AXD  FIOXEEBS  OF  MiyXEHOTA. 


it  is  alleged  made  tlie  deed,  were  the  chiefs  of 
said  tribe,  nor  that  (if  chiefs)  they  had  authority 
to  grant  and  give  away  the  laud  belonging  to  their 
tribe.  The  paper  annexed  to  the  petition,  as  a 
copy  of  said  deed,  has  no  "iibscribing  witnesses  ; 
and  it  would  seem  iaiiiossible,  at  this  remote  pe- 
riod, to  ascertain  the  important  fact,  that  the  per- 
sons who  signed  the  ieed  comprehended  and 
understood  the  meaning  and  effect  of  their  act. 

'•  The  want  of  proof  as  to  these  facts,  would 
interpose  in  the  wa)  of  the  claimants  insuperable 
difficulties.  But.  in  the  opinion  of  the  committee, 
the  claim  is  not  such  as  the  United  States  are 
under  any  obligation  to  allow,  even  if  the  deed 
were  proved  in  legal  form. 

"  The  British  government,  before  the  time  when 
the  alleged  deed  bears  date,  had  deemed  it  pru- 
dent and  necessary  for  the  preservation  of  peace 
with  the  Indian  tribes  under  their  sovereignty, 
protection  and  dominion,  to  prevent  British  sub- 
jects from  purchasing  lands  from  the  Indians, 
and  this  rule  of  policy  was  made  known  and  en- 
forced by  the  proclamation  of  the  king  of  Great 
Britain,  of  seventh  October,  1763,  wliicli  contains 
an  o.iire.ss  prohibition. 

"  Captain  Carver,  aware  of  the  law,  and  know- 
ing that  such  a  contract  could  not  vest  the  legal 
title  in  him,  applied  to  the  British  govermnent  to 
ratify  and  confirm  the  Indian  grant,  and,  though 
it  was  competent  for  that  government  then  to 
conlirni  the  grant,  and  vest  the  title  of  said  laud 


in  him.  yet,  fr<im  some  cause,  that  government 
did  not  think  proper  to  do  it. 

"  The  territory  has  since  become  the  property 
of  the  United  States,  and  an  Indian  grant  not 
good  against  the  British  government,  would  ap- 
pear to  be  not  binding  uoon  the  United  States 
government. 

"  "What  benefit  the  British  government  derived 
from  the  services  of  Captain  Carver,  by  his  trav- 
els and  residence  among  the  Indians,  that  gov- 
ernment alone  could  determine,  and  alone  could 
judge  what  remuneration  those  services  deserved. 

"  One  fact  appears  from  the  declaration  of  Mr. 
Peters,  in  his  statement  in  writing,  among  the 
papers  exhibited,  namely,  that  the  British  gov- 
ernment did  give  Captain  Carver  the  sum  of  one 
thousand  three  lunidred  and  seventy-five  pounds 
six  shillings  and  eight  pence  sterling.  To  the 
United  States,  however,  Captain  Carver  rendered 
no  services  which  could  be  assumed  as  any  ecpiit- 
able  ground  for  the  support  of  the  petitioners' 
claim. 

'•  The  committee  being  of  opinion  that  the 
I'nited  Slates  are  not  bounil  in  law  and  equity  to 
confirm  the  said  alleged  Indian  grant,  recom- 
mend the  adoption  of  the  resolution: 

" '  Resolved,  That  the  prayer  of  the  petitioners 
ought  not  to  be  granted."  ' 

Lord  Balmerston  stated  in  1839,  that  no  trace 
could  be  found  in  the  records  of  the  British 
office  of  state  jiajiers,  showing  any  ratification  of 
the  Carver  grant. 


EXPLORATIONS  BY  LIEUTENANT  Z.  M.  PIKE. 


73 


CHAPTER  XTI. 

EXPLORATION  BY  THE  FIRST  UNITED  STATES  AKJIY  OFFICER,  LIEUTENANT  Z.  JI.  PIKE. 


Tra<ling  Posts  at  the  beginning  of  Nineteenth  Century. — Sandy  Lake  Port. — 
Leech  Lake  Port.— William  Morrison,  before  Schoolcraft  at  Itasca  Lake.— Divi- 
sion of  Northwest  Territory. — Organization  of  Indiana,  Michigan  and  Upper 
Louisiana. —  Notices  of  Wo<id,  Prazer,  Fisher,  Cameron,  Paribault.— Early 
Traders.— Pike's  Council  at  Mouth  of  Minnesota  River.- Grant  for  Military 
Posts,— Encampment  at  Palls  of  St.  Anthony.— Block  House  near  Swan  River. 
—Visit  to  Sandy  and  Leech  Lakes.— British  Plag  Shot  at  and  Lowered  — 
Thompson,  Topographer  of  Northwest  Company. — Pike  at  Dickson's  Trading 
Post  —Returns  to  Mendota— Pails  to  find  Carver's  Cave. — Conlerence  with 
Little  Crow.  —Cameron  sells  Liquor  to  Indians. 

At  the  beginmng  of  the  present  century,  the 
region  now  kno'svn  as  iliimesota,  contained  no 
■white  men,  except  a  few  engaged  in  the  fur  trade. 
In  the  treaty  effected  by  Hon.  John  Jay,  Great 
Britain  agreed  to  withdraw  lier  troops  from  all 
posts  and  places  within  certain  boundary  lines, 
on  or  before  the  first  of  June,  179G.  )>ut  all  Brit- 
ish settlers  and  traders  might  remain  for  one 
year,  and  enjoy  all  their  former  privileges,  with- 
out being  obliged  to  be  citizens  of  the  United 
States  of  America. 

In  the  year  ISOO,  the  trading  posts  of  ilinnesota 
were  chiefly  held  by  the  Northwest  Company, 
and  their  chief  traders  resided  at  Sandy  Lake, 
Leech  Lake,  and  Fon  du  Lac,  on  St.  Louis  River. 
In  the  year  1794,  this  company  built  a  stockade 
one  hundred  feet  square,  on  the  southeast  end  of 
Sandy  Lake.  There  were  bastions  pierced  for 
small  arms,  in  the  southeast  and  in  the  northwest 
comer.  The  pickets  which  surroiuided  the  post 
were  thirteen  feet  high.  On  the  north  side  there 
was  a  gate  ten  by  nine  feet ;  on  the  west  side,  one 
six  by  five  feet,  and  on  the  east  side  a  tliird  gate 
six  by  five  feet.  Travelers  entering  the  main 
gate,  saw  on  the  left  a  one  story  liuilding  twenty 
feet  square,  the  residence  of  the  superintendent. 
and  on  the  left  of  the  east  gate,  a  building  twenty- 
live  by  fifteen,  the  quarters  of  the  voyagenis. 
Entering  the  western  gate,  on  tlie  left  was  a  stone 
house,  twenty  by  thirty  feet,  and  a  house  twenty 
by  forty  feet,  used  as  a  store,  and  a  workshop, 
and  a  residence  for  clerks.  On  the  south  sliore 
of  Leecli  Lake  there  was  another  establishment, 
a  little  larger.    The  stockade  was  one  hundred 


and  fifty  feet  square.  The  main  building  was 
sixty  by  twenty-five  feet,  and  one  and  a  half  sti.:ry 
in  height,  where  resided  the  Director  of  tlie  fur 
trade  of  the  Fond  du  Lac  department  of  theNortli- 
west  Company.  In  the  centre  was  a  small  store, 
twelve  and  a  half  feet  stjuare,  and  near  the  main 
gate  was  flagstaff  fifty  feet  in  height,  from 
which  used  to  float  the  flag  of  Great  Britain. 

William  Morrison  was,  in  1802,  the  trader  at 
Leech  Lake,  and  in  1804  he  was  at  Elk  Lake,  the 
source  of  the  ^Mississippi,  thirty-two  years  after- 
wards named  by  Schoolcraft,  Lake  Itasca. 

The  entire  force  of  the  Northwest  Company, 
west  of  Lake  Superior,  in  1805,  consisted  of  three 
accountants,  nineteen  clerks,  two  intei-preters, 
eighty-flve  canoe  men,  and  with  them  were 
twenty-nine  Indian  or  half-breed  women,  and 
about  fifty  children. 

On  the  seventh  of  :May,  ISOO,  the  Northwest 
Territory,  which  included  all  of  the  western 
country  east  of  tlie  Mississippi,  was  divided. 
The  portion  not  designated  as  Oliio,  was  organ- 
ized as  the  Territory  of  Indiana. 

On  the  twentieth  of  December,  1803,  the 
province  of  Louisiana,  of  which  tliat  portion  of 
Minnesota  west  of  the  Mississippi  was  a  part, 
was  officially  delivered  up  by  the  French,  who 
had  just  obtained  it  from  the  Spaniards,  accord- 
ing to  treaty  stipulations. 

To  the  transfer  of  Louisiana  by  France,  after 
twenty  days' possession,  Spain  at  first  objected ; 
but  in  1804  withdrew  all  opposition. 

President  Jefferson  now  deemed  it  an  oliject 
of  paramount  importance  for  the  United  States 
to  explore  the  country  so  recently  acquired,  and 
make  the  acquaintance  of  the  tribes  residing 
therein;  and  steps  were  taken  tor  an  expedition 
to  the  upper  Mississippi. 

Early  in  March,  1804,  Captain  Stoddard,  of  tlie 
United  States  army,  arrived  at  St.  Louis,  llie 
agent  of  the  I'rcnch  llepublic,  to  receive  from 


74 


EXPLORERS  Ayn  PioyEERs  OF  MI^■^■EiiorA. 


the  Spanish  aiitliorities  tlie  possession  of  the 
country,  which  he  Immediately  transferred  to  the 
United  States. 

As  tlie  (lid  settlers,  on  the  tenth  of  March,  saw 
the  ancient  Hag  of  Spain  displaced  by  that  of  the 
United  States,  the  tears  coursed  down  their 
cheeks. 

On  the  twentieth  of  the  same  month,  the  terri- 
tory of  Upper  Louisiana  was  constituted,  com- 
pri.sins  the  present  states  of  Arkansas,  Missouri, 
Iowa,  and  a  hu'fie  portion  of  Minnesota. 

On  the  eleventh  of  .January,  1805,  the  terri- 
tory of  Michigan  was  organized. 

The  first  American  officer  who  visited  Minne- 
sota, on  business  of  a  i>ublic  nature,  was  one  who 
was  an  ornament  to  his  profession,  and  in  energy 
and  endurance  a  true  representative  of  the  citi- 
zens of  the  I'nited  States.  We  refer  to  the 
gallant  Zebulon  :^Iontgomery  Pike,  a  native  of 
iNew  Jersey,  who  aftenvards  fell  in  battle  at 
York,  Upper  Canada,  and  whose  loss  was  justly 
niounied  by  the  whole  nation. 

When  a  young  lieuten;Mit,  he  was  ordered  by 
General  Wilkinson  to  visit  the  region  now  known 
as  Minnesota,  and  expel  the  British  traders  who 
were  found  violating  the  laws  of  the  Inited 
States,  and  form  alliances  with  the  Indians. 
With  only  a  few  (•(HiiuKin  soldiers,  he  was  obliged 
to  do  the  work  of  several  men.  At  times  he 
would  i)recede  his  party  for  miles  to  reconnoitre, 
and  then  he  would  do  the  <luty  of  hunter. 

During  the  day  he  would  perform  the  part  of 
surveyor,  geologist,  and  astronomer,  and  at  night, 
though  liiMiLrry  and  fatigued,  his  lofty  enthu- 
siasm kept  him  awake  mitil  he  copied  the  notes, 
and  ])lotted  the  courses  of  the  day. 

On  the  4th  day  of  September,  1805,  Pike  ar- 
rived at  Prairie  du  Chien,  from  St.  Louis,  and 
wa.s  iK)litely  treated  by  three  traders,  all  born  un- 
der the  flag  of  the  Ignited  States.  One  was  named 
Wood,  another  Frazer,  a  native  of  Vermont, 
who,  when  a  young  man  became  a  clerk  of  one 
Hlakely,  of  Montreal,  and  thus  became  a  fur 
trader.  Tlie  third  was  Henry  Fisher,  a  captain 
of  the  Militia,  and  Justice  of  the  Peace,  whose 
wife  was  a  dauKhtcr  of  (Joutier  de  \'erville. 
Fi.sher  was  said  to  liave  been  a  nciihcw  nf  Pres- 
rlent  Monroe,  anil  later  in  life  lrade(l  at  the 
sources  of  the  .Minnesota.  One  of  his  daughters 
was  the  mother  of  .losi  ph   Holettc.  Ji..  a  mem- 


ber of  the  early  ^linnesota  Legislative  assem- 
blies. On  the  eighth  of  the  month  Lieutenant 
I'ike  left  Prairie  du  Chien,  in  twobatteaux,  with 
Sergeant  Henry  Kennerman,  Corporals  William 
E,  M.ack  and  Samuel  JSradley,  and  ten  privates. 

At  La  Crosse,  Frazer,  of  Prairie  du  Chien, 
overtook  him.  and  at  Sandy  point  of  Lake  Pejiin 
lie  found  a  trader,  a  Scotchman  by  the  name  <if 
.Murdoch  Camci'dn.  witli  his  son,  and  a  young 
man  named  John  Hudsdell,  On  the  twunl.\- 
first  he  breakfasted  with  the  Kaposia  band  ol 
Sioux,  who  then  dwelt  at  the  marsh  below  i)ay- 
ton's  Bluff,  a  few  miles  below  St.  Paul.  The 
same  day  he  passed  three  miles  from  Mendota 
the  encam)iment  of  J.  B.  Faribault,  a  trader  and 
native  of  Lower  Canada,  then  about  thirty  years 
of  age,  in  which  vicinity  he  continued  for  more 
than  fifty  years,  ile  married  Pelagic  the  daugh- 
ter of  Francis  Kiiuiie  by  an  Lidian  woman, 
and  his  eldest  son,  Alexander,  bom  soon  after 
l^ike's  visit,  was  the  founder  of  the  town  of 
I'aribault, 

Arriving  at  the  conlluen'^e  of  the  Minnosota 
and  the  Mississippi  Bivers,  Pike  and  his  soldiers 
encamped  on  the  Northeast  point  of  the  island 
which  still  bears  his  name.  The  next  day  was 
Sunday,  and  he  visited  Cameron,  at  his  trading 
post  on  the  Minnesota  lUver.  a  short  distance 
above  Mendota. 

On  Jlouday,  the  'JM  of  September,  at  noon, 
he  held  a  Council  with  the  Sioux,  under  a  cover- 
ing made  by  suspending  sails,  and  gave  an  ad- 
mirable talk,  a  portion  of  which  was  as  follows  : 

"  Brothers.  I  am  happy  to  meet  you  here,  at 
this  (■(iiiiicil  I'nc  uliirli  your  latli<'r  lias  sent  me  to 
kindle,  ami  to  take  you  by  tlie  liauils.  as  our  chil- 
dren. "We  having  but  lately  ac(|uire(l  from  Uw 
Sjianisli.  the  extensive  territory  of  Louisiana,  our 
general  has  thought  jiroper  to  send  out  a  iiuinbcr 
of  his  warriors  to  \isit  all  his  red  children  ;  to  tell 
tliein  his  will,  and  to  hear  what  re(inest  they  may 
have  to  make  of  their  father.  I  am  hajipy  the 
choice  fell  on  me  to  come  this  road,  as  I  find 
my  brothers,  the  Sioux,  ready  to  listen  to  my 
words. 

"Brothers,  it  is  the  wish  of  our  govciinuriit  to 
establish  military  posts  on  the  Ipiier  Mississippi, 
at  such  places  as  might  be  thought  exi)edient.  I 
have,  therefore,  examined  the  country,  and  have 
liilc'licd  on  iiic  jiioiith  of  the  liver  St.  Croix,  this 


GJiA]\'T  OF  LAND  FliOM  THE  ISIOUX. 


place,  and  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony ;  I  therefore 
wish  you  to  grant  to  the  United  States,  nine 
miles  square,  at  St.  Croix,  and  at  this  place,  fnuu 
a  league  below  the  confluence  of  the  St.  Peter's 
and  Mississippi,  to  a  league  above  St.  Anthony, 
extending  three  leagues  on  each  side  of  the  river ; 
and  as  we  are  a  people  who  are  accustomed  to 
have  all  our  acts  written  down,  in  order  to  have 
them  handed  to  our  children,  I  have  drawn  up  a 
form  of  an  agreement,  which  we  will  both  sign, 
in  the  presence  of  the  traders  now  present.  After 
we  know  the  tenns,  we  will  fill  it  up,  and  have  it 
read  and  interpreted  to  you. 

'■  Brothers,  those  posts  are  intended  as  a  bene- 
fit to  you.  The  old  chiefs  now  present  must  see 
that  their  situation  improves  by  a  communication 
with  the  whites.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  United 
States  to  establish  at  those  posts  factories,  m 
which  the  Indians  may-  procure  all  their  things 
at  a  cheaper  and  better  rate  tlian  they  do  now,  or 
than  your  traders  can  afford  to  sell  them  to  you, 
as  they  aie  single  men,  who  come  from  far  in 
small  boats;  but  your  fathers  are  many  and 
strong,  and  will  come  with  a  strong  arm,  in  large 
boats.  There  will  also  be  chiefs  here,  who  can 
attend  to  the  wants  of  their  brothers,  without 
their  sending  or  going  all  the  way  to  St.  Louis, 
and  will  see  the  traders  that  go  up  your  rivers, 
and  know  that  they  are  good  men.  *  *  *  * 
'•  Brothers,  I  now  present  you  with  some  of 
your  father's  tobacco,  and  some  other  trifling 
things,  as  a  memorandum  of  my  good  will,  and 
before  my  departure  I  will  give  you  some  liquor 
to  clear  your  throats.'" 

The  traders,  Cameron  and  Frazer,  sat  with 
Pike.  His  interpmter  was  Pierre  Kosseau. 
Among  the  Chiefs  present  were  Le  Petit  Cor- 
beau  (Little  Crow),  and  AVay-ago  Enagee,  and 
L'Orignal  Leve  or  Rising  Moose.  It  was  with 
diflScuIty  that  the  chiefs  signed  the  following 
agreement;  not  that  they  objected  to  the  lan- 
guage, but  because  they  thouglit  their  word 
should  be  taken,  withiuit  any  mark  ;  but  Pike 
overcame  their  objection,  by  saying  that  he  wished 
them  to  sign  it  on  his  account. 

"  Whereas,  at  a  conference  held  between  the 
United  Slates  of  America  and  the  Sioux  na- 
tion of  Indians,  Lieutenant  Z.  M.  Pike,  of  the 
army  of  the  United  States,  and  the  chiefs  and 
warriors  of  said  tribe,  have  agreed  to  the  follow- 


uig  articles,  which,  when  ratified  and  approved  of 
by  the  proper  authority,  shall  be  binding  on  both 
parties : 

^Vi:t.  1 .  That  the  Sioux  nation  grant  >mto  the 
United  States,  for  the  purpose  of  establishment 
of  military  posts,  nine  miles  square,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  St.  Croix,  also  from  below  the  confluence 
of  the  Mississippi  and  St.  Peter's,  up  the  Missis- 
sippi to  include  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  extend- 
ing nine  miles  on  each  side  of  the  river ;  that  the 
Sioux  Nation  grants  to  the  United  States  the  full 
sovereignty  and  power  over  said  district  forever. 
AuT.  2.  That  in  consideration  of  the  above 
grants,  the  United  States  shall  pay  [filled  up  by 
the  Senate  with  2,000  dollars]. 

Art.  3.  The  United  States  promise,  on  their 
part,  to  permit  the  Sioux  to  pass  and  repass,  hunt, 
or  make  other  use  of  the  said  districts,  as  they 
have  formerly  done,  without  any  other  exception 
than  those  specified  in  article  first. 

In  testimony  whereof,  we,  the  undersigned, 
have  hereunto  set  our  hands  and  seals,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  Peter's,  on  the  23d  day  of 
September,  1805. 

Z.  M.  PIKE,    [L.  S.] 
1st  Lieutenant  and  agent  at  the  aViove  conference. 

his 
LE  PETIT  CORBEAU.  X   [L.  S.] 
mark 
his 
WAY-AGO  ENAGEE,  y,   [L.  S.] 
mark  " 

The  following  entries  ft-om  Pike's  Journal,  des- 
criptive of  the  region  around  the  city  of  Minne- 
apolis, seventy-five  years  ago,  are  worthy  of  pres- 
ervation: 

"SEPT.26th,77un-.9dn)/.—Eml)arked  at  the  usual 
hour,  and  after  much  labor  in  passing  through 
the  rapids,  arrived  at  the  foot  of  the  Falls  about 
three  or  four  o'clock ;  unloaded  my  boat,  and  had 
the  principal  part  of  her  cargo  carried  over  the 
portage.  With  the  other  boat,  however,  full 
loaded,  they  were  not  al)le  to  get  over  the  last 
shoot,  and  encamped  aljout  six  yards  below.  I 
pitched  my  tent  and  encamped  above  the  shoot. 
The  rapids  mentioned  in  this  day's  march,  might 
properly  be  called  a  continuation  of  the  Falls  of 
St.  Anthony,  for  they  are  equally  entitled  to  this 
'  appeUation,  with  the  Falls  of  the  Delaware  and 


76 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Susquehanna.    Killed  one  deer.    Distance  nine 
miles 

Sept.  i2Tth.  Friday.  Brought  over  the  residue 
of  my  loading  this  morning.  Two  men  arrived 
from  Mr.  Frazer.  on  St.  Peters,  for  my  dispatches. 
This  business,  closing  and  sealing,  appeared  like 
a  la.st  adieu  to  the  civilized  world.  Sent  a  large 
packet  to  the  General,  and  a  letter  to  Mrs.  Pike, 
with  a  short  note  to  Mr.  Frazer.  Two  young 
Indians  hrouglit  my  Hag  across  by  land,  who  ar- 
rived yesterday,  just  as  we  came  in  sight  of  the 
Fall.  I  made  them  a  present  for  their  punctual- 
ity and  expedition,  and  the  danger  they  were  ex- 
posed to  from  the  jouniey.  Carried  ourboatsout 
of  the  river,  as  far  as  the  bottom  of  the  hill. 

Sept.  2Hth.  Suturdu y.—liroug\\\  my  barge  over, 
and  put  her  in  the  river  above  the  Falls.  While 
we  were  engaged  with  her  tliree-fourths  miles 
from  camp,  seven  iTidians  painted  lilack,  appeared 
on  the  heights.  We  had  left  our  guns  at  the 
camp  and  were  entirely  defenceless.  It  occurred 
tome  that  tliey  were  the  small  party  of  Sioux  who 
were  obstinate,  and  would  go  to  war,  when  the 
other  part  of  the  bands  came  in ;  these  they 
proved  to  be  ;  they  were  better  armed  than  any  I 
liad  ever  seen ;  having  guns,  Ijows.  arrows,  clubs, 
spears,  and  some  of  them  even  a  case  of  pistols. 
1  was  at  that  time  giving  my  men  a  dram ;  and 
giving  the  cuj)  of  li(|iior  to  the  first,  he  drank  it 
off ;  t)Ut  I  was  more  cautious  with  tlie  remainder. 
I  sent  my  interpreter  to  camp  with  them,  to  wait 
my  coming  ;  wishing  to  i)iirchase  oue  of  tlieir  war 
clubs,  it  Ijeing  made  of  elk  horn,  and  decorated 
■«ith  inlaid  work.  This  and  a  set  of  bows  and 
arrows  I  wshed  to  get  as  a  curiosity.  But  the 
liquor  I  had  given  him  begau  to  operate,  he  came 
back  for  me.  but  refusing  to  go  till  I  brought  my 
boat,  he  returned,  and  (I  suppose  being  oftended) 
borrowed  a  canoe  and  crossed  the  river.  In  the 
afternoon  got  the  otlier  boat  near  tlie  tup  of  tlic 
hill,  when  the  i)rops  gave  way  and  slie  slid  all  the 
way  down  to  the  bottom,  but  fortunately  without 
injuring  any  person.  It  raining  very  hard,  we 
left  her.     Killed  one  goose  and  a  racoon. 

Seit.  29tli,  Sund<iy.—1  killed  a  reniarka'dy 
large  racoon.  Got  our  large  Iwat  over  the  port- 
age, and  put  her  in  the  river,  at  the  upper  land- 
ing; thiB  nighl  the  men  gave  sunicicnl  proof  of 
thtir  I'atigiif.  liy  all  thniwing  themselves  dnwii  to 
sleeii,  preferring  rest  to  supi>er.    This  day  I  had 


but  fifteen  men  out  of  twenty-two ;  the  others 
were  sick.  This  voyage  could  have  been  per- 
formed with  great  convenience,  if  we  had  taken 
our  departure  in  June.  But  the  proper  time 
would  be  to  leave  the  Illinois  as  soon  as  the  ice 
would  permit,  when  the  river  would  be  of  a  good 
height. 

Sept.  30th,  Monday. — Loaded  my  boat,  moved 
over  and  encamped  on  the  Island.  The  large  boats 
loading  likewise,  we  went  over  and  i)ut  on  board. 
In  the  mean  time,  I  took  a  survey  of  the  Falls. 
Portage,  etc.  If  it  be  possible  to  pass  the  Falls 
in  high  water,  of  which  I  am  doubtfid,  it  must 
be  on  tho  East  side,  about  thirty  yards  from 
shore ;  as  there  are  three  layers  of  rocks,  one  be- 
low the  other.  The  pitch  ofE  of  either,  is  not 
more  than  five  feet ;  but  of  this  I  can  say  more 
on  my  return. 

On  the  tenth  of  October,  the  expedition 
reached  some  arge  island  below  Sauk  Kapids. 
where  in  1797,  Porlier  and  Joseph  Eemalle  had 
wintered.  Six  days  after  this,  he  reached  the 
Rapids  in  Morrison  county,  which  still  bears  his 
name,  and  he  writes:  "When  we  arose  in  the 
morning,  found  that  snow  had  fallen  during  the 
night,  the  ground  was  covered  and  it  continued 
to  snow.  This,  indeed,  was  but  poor  encourage- 
ment for  attacking  the  Rapids,  in  which  we  were 
certain  to  wade  to  oiu'  necks.  I  was  determined, 
however,  if  possible  to  make  la  riviere  de  Cor- 
beau,  [Crow  Wing  River],  the  highest  point  was 
made  by  traders  in  their  bark  canoes.  We  em- 
barked, and  after  four  h(nirs  work,  became  so 
benumbed  with  cold  that  our  limbs  were  perfectly 
useless.  We  put  to  shore  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river,  about  two-thirds  of  the  way  uj)  the 
rapids.  Built  a  large  fire ;  and  then  discovered 
that  our  boats  were  nearly  half  full  of  water; 
both  having  sprung  large  leaks  so  as  to  oblige  me 
to  keep  three  hands  bailing.  My  sergeant  (Ken- 
nerman)  one  of  the  stoutest  men  I  ever  knew, 
broke  a  blood-vessel  and  vomited  nearly  two 
quarts  of  blood.  One  of  ray  corporals  (Bradley) 
also  evacuated  nearly  a  pint  of  blood,  when  he 
attemi)ted  to  void  his  urine.  These  imhappy 
circumstances,  in  addition  to  the  inability  of 
four  other  men  whom  we  were  obliged  to  leave 
on  shore,  convinced  nie.  that  if  1  liail  no  regard 
for  my  own  heallh  ami  constitution.  I  sho\dd 
have  some  for  those  poor  fellows,  who  were  kill- 


PIKES  BLOCK  MOUSE  NEAB  SWAN  BIVEB. 


77 


ing  tliemselves  to  obey  my  orders.    After  we  had 
breakfast  and  refreshed  ourselves,  we  went  down 
to  our  boats  on  the  rocks,  where  I  was  obliged  to 
leave  them.    I  then  informed  my  men  tliat  we 
would  return  to  the  camp  and  there  leave  some 
of  the  party  and  our  large  boats.    This  informa- 
tion was  pleasing,  and  the  attempt  to  reach  the 
camp  soon  accomplished.    My  reasons  for  this 
step  have  partly  been  already  stated.    The  nec- 
essity of  unloading  and  refitting  my  boats,  the 
beauty  and  convenience  of  the  spot  for  buildmg 
huts,  the  fine  piiie  trees  for  peroques,  and  the 
quantity  of  game,  were  additional  inducements. 
■We  immediately  unloaded  our  boats  and  secured 
their  cargoes.     In  the  evening  I  went  out  upon  a 
small,  but  beautiful  creek,  which  emptied  into 
the  Falls,  for  the  purpose  of  selecting  pine  trees 
to  make  canoes.    Saw  five  deer,  and  killed  one 
buck  weighing  one  hundred    and  thirty-seven 
pounds.    By  my  leaving  men  at  this  place,  and 
from  the  great  quantities  of  game  in  its  vicinity, 
I  was  ensured  plenty  of  provision  for  my  return 
voyage.    In  the  party  left  behind  was  one  himter, 
to  be  continually  employed,  who  would  keep  our 
stock  of    salt    provisions  good.     Distance  two 
hundred  and  thirty-three  and  a  half  miles  above 
tlie  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.  | 

Having  left  his  large  boats  and  some  sokUers 
at  this  point,  he  proceeded  to  the  vicinity  of 
Swan  River  where  he  erected  a  block  house,  and 
on  the  thii-ty-first  of  October  he  writes:  "En- 
closed my  little  work  completely  with  pickets. 
Hauled  up  my  two  boats  an  1  turned  them  over 
on  each  side  of  the  gateways ;  by  wliich  means 
a  defence  was  made  to  the  river,  and  had  it  not 
been  for  various  political  reasons,  I  would  have 
laughed  at  the  attack  of  eight  hundred  or  a 
thousand  savages,  if  all  my  party  were  within. 
For,  except  accidents,  it  would  only  have  afford- 
ed amusement,  the  Indians  having  no  idea  of 
taking  a  jilace  by  storm.    Found  myself  power- 
fully attacked  with  the  fantastics  of  the  brain, 
called  ennui,   at  the  mention  of  which  I  had 
hitherto  scoffed  ;  but  my  books  being  packed  up, 
I  was  like  a  person  entranced,  and  could  easily 
conceive    why  so  many  persons  wlio  have  been 
confined  to  remote  places,  acquire  the  habit  of 
drinking  to  excess,  and  many  other  vicious  prac- 
tices, which  have  been  adopted  merely  to  pass 
time. 


During  the  next  month  he  himted  the  buffalo 
wliich  were  then  in  that  vicinity.  On  the  third 
of  December  he  received  a  visit  from  Robert 
Dickson,  afterwards  noted  in  the  history  of  the 
country,  who  was  then  trading  about  sixty  miles 
below,  on  the  Mississippi. 

On  the  tentli  of  December  with  some  sleds  he 
continued  liis  journey  nortliward,  and  on  the  last 
day  of  the  year  passed  Pine  River.  On  the  third 
of  January,  1806,  he  reached  the  trading  post  at 
Red  Cedar,  now  Cass  Lake,  and  was  quite  indig- 
nant at  finding  the  British  Hag  floating  from  the 
staff.  The  night  after  this  his  tent  caught  on 
fire,  and  he  lost  some  valuable  and  necessary 
ckthing.  On  tlie  evening  of  the  eighth  he  reach- 
ed Sandy  Lake  and  was  hospitably  received  by 
Grant,  the  trader  in  charge.    He  writes  . 

"Jan.  9th,  r/iwrsda?/.— Marched  the  coi-poral 
early,  in  order  that  our  men    should    receive 
assurance  of  our  safety  and  success.    He  carried 
with  him  a  small  keg  of  spirits,  a  present  from 
^Ir.  Grant.    Tlie  establishment  of  this  place  was 
formed  twelve  years  smce,  by  the  North-west 
Company,  and  was  formerly  under  the  cliarge  of 
a  Mr.  Charles  Brusky.    It  has  attained  at  iiresent 
such  regularity,  as  to  permit  the  superintendent 
to  live  tolerably  comfortable.    They  have  horses 
they  procured  from  Red  River,  of  the  Indians; 
raise  plenty  of  Irish  potatoes,  catch  jiike,  suckers, 
pickerel,  and  wliite  fish   in  abundance.    They 
have  also  beaver,  deer,  and  moose ;  but  the  pro- 
vision they  chiefly  depend  upon  is  wild  oats,  of 
which  they  purchase  great  quantities  from  the 
savages,  giving  at  the  rate  of  about  one  dollar 
and  a  half  per  bushel.    But  fl  jur,  pork,  and  salt, 
are  almost  interdicted  to  persons  not  principals 
in  the  trade.     Flour  sells  at  half  a  dollar;  .salt  a 
dollar;  pork   eiglity  cents;   sugar  half  a  dollar; 
and  tea  four  dollars  and  fifty  cents  per  pound. 
The  sugar  is  obtained  from  the  Indians,  and  is 
made  from  the  maple  tree." 

He  remained  at  Sandy  Lake  ten  days,  and  on 
the  last  day  two  men  of  the  Northwest  Company 
arrived  with  letters  from  Fon  du  Lac  Superior, 
one  of  which  was  from  Athapuscow,  and  had 
been  since  May  on  the  route. 

On  the  twentieth  of  .lanuary  began  his  journey 
to  Leech  Lake,  which  he  reached  on  tlic  first  of 
February,  and  was  hospitably  received  liy  Hugh 


78 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


MeGillis.  theliead  of  tlic  Xoitliwcst  Company  at 
tliis  ])i>st. 

A  ^^I'.  Aiiilprsoii,  in  tlie  employ  of  Kobeit 
I)ickson.  was  residing  at  thewestendof  the  lake. 
AVliile  here  lie  lioisted  the  American  flag  in  the 
fort.  Tlie  English  yacht  still  flying  at  the  top  of 
the  flagstaff,  he  directcMl  tlie  Indians  and  his  sol- 
diers to  shoot  at  it.  Tliey  soon  broke  the  iron 
pin  to  which  it  was  fastened,  and  it  fell  to  the 
ground.  He  was  informed  liy  a  venerable  old 
OjiliWiiy  cliief.  called  Sweet,  that  the  Sioux  dwelt 
there  when  he  was  a  youth.  On  tlie  tenth  of 
February,  at  ten  o'clock,  he  left  I^eecli  I^ake  with 
Coii)onil  IJradley,  the  trader  ^^c(;illis  and  two  of 
his  men.  and  at  sunset  arrived  at  lied  Cedar,  now 
Cass  Lake.  At  this  place,  in  1798,  Thompson, 
employed  by  the  Northwest  Comjiaiiy  for  three 
years,  in  topograpliical  surveys,  made  some  ob- 
servations, lie  believed  that  a  line  from  the 
Lake  of  the  AVoods  would  touch  the  sources  of 
tlie  Mississipj)!.  Pike,  at  this  ixiiiit.  was  very 
kindly  treated  by  a  Canadian  named  Hoy.  and  his 
Ojibway  squaw.  On  his  return  home,  he  reached 
Clear  River  on  the  seventh  of  April,  where  he 
found  his  canoe  and  men.  and  at  night  was  at 
Grand  Rapids.  Dickson's  tradingpost.  He  talked 
until  four  o'clock  the  next  morning  with  this 
person  and  another  trader  named  I'orlier.  He 
forbade  while  there,  the  traders  (ireignor  [(Jrig- 
non]  and  La  Jenuesse,  to  sell  any  more  liciuor  to 
Indians,  who  had  become  ver\  (linukcii  and  un- 
ruly. On  the  tenth  he  again  reached  the  Falls 
of  Saint  Autliony.  He  writes  in  his  journal  as 
follows : 

Arnii,  nth.  Frklmj. — Although  it  .snowed  very 
hard  we  brought  over  both  boats,  and  descended 
the  river  to  the  island  at  the  entrance  of  the  St. 
Peter's.  I  sent  to  the  chiefs  and  informed  them 
I  had  something  to  communicate  to  ilinn.  The 
Fils  de  Pinrho  immediately  waited  on  me,  and 
informed  me  that  he  would  inovidc  a  [ilace  for 
the  purpose.  About  suiidown  I  was  sent  for  and 
introduced  into  the  council-house,  where  I  found 
a  great  many  chiefs  of  the  Sussitongs.  (Jens  de 
Feuilles,  and  the  (iens  dtt  Lac  The  i'anclongs 
liad  not  yet  come  down.  Tliey  wer<!  all  awaiting 
for  my  arrival.  There  were  about  one  liiindred 
lodges,  or  six  hundred  jwoiile;  we  were  saluted 
on  our  crossing  the  river  with  ball  as  usual.  The 
council-liouse  was  two  large  lodges,  capable  of 


containing  three  huudivd  men.  In  the  upper 
were  forty  chiefs,  and  as  many  pipes  set  against 
the  poles,  alongside  of  which  1  had  the  Santeur's 
pipes  arranged.  I  then  informed  them  in  short 
detail,  of  my  transactions  with  the  Santeurs;  but 
my  interpreters  were  not  capable  of  making  them- 
selves uuderslood.  I  was  therefore  obliged  to 
omit  mentioning  every  particular  relative  to  the 
rascal  who  tired  on  my  sentinel,  and  of  the  scoun- 
drel who  broke  the  Fols  Avoins'  canoes,  and 
threatened  my  life;  the  interpreters,  however,  in- 
formed them  that  1  wanted  some  of  their  ininci- 
pal  chiefs  to  go  to  St.  Louis;  and  that  those  who 
thought  jiroper  might  descend  to  the  prairie, 
where  we  would  give  them  more  explicit  infoi'- 
mation.  They  all  smoked  otit  of  the  Santeur's 
pipe,  excepting  three,  who  were  i)aiiited  black, 
and  were  some  of  those  who  lost  their  relations 
last  winter.  I  invited  the  Fils  do  I'inchow,  and 
the  son  of  tlic  Killcur  Rouge,  to  come  over  and 
sui>  with  nic;  when  Mr.  Dickson  and  myself  en- 
deavored to  explain  what  I  intemled  to  have  said 
to  them,  could  I  have  made  myself  understood; 
that  at  the  prairie  we  Mould  have  all  things  ex- 
plained; that  I  was  desirous  of  making  a  better 
report  of  them  than  Captain  Lewis  could  do  from 
their  treatment  of  him.  The  former  of  those 
savages  was  the  jierson  who  remained  around  my 
post  all  last  winter,  and  treated  my  men  so  well; 
they  endeavored  to  excuse  their  iieoj)le. 

"April  12th,  SaYurdas/.— Embarked  eail\ .  Al- 
though my  interincter  had  been  freiiuently  up  the 
river,  he  could  not  tell  me  where  the  cave  (siioken 
of  by  Carver)  could  be  found ;  we  carefully 
sought  for  it,  but  in  vain.  At  the  Indian  village, 
a  few  miles  below  St.  Peter's,  w<^  Mere  about  to 
pass  a  fe\v  lodges,  but  on  receiving  a  very  jiartic- 
ular  invitation  to  come  on  shore,  we  landed,  and 
were  received  in  a  lodge  kindly;  they  presented 
us  sugar.  I  gave  the  pidprietor  a  dram.  an<l  was 
about  to  depart  ■when  he  deruandiMl  a  kettle  of 
li(pior;  on  being  refused,  and  after  1  had  lell  the 
shore,  he  told  nie  he  did  not  like  the  arrange- 
ments, and  that  he  would  go  to  war  this  suinnier. 
I  directed  tlie  intcrpictcr  to  tell  him  that  if  I 
returned  to  St.  Peter's  with  tht;  trooiis,  I  would 
settle  that  affair  Mith  him.  On  our  arrival  at  the 
St.  Croix,  I  found  the  Pettit  Corbeaii  Mith  his 
people,  and  ilessrs.  Fni/.er  and  AVood.  ^\■e  had 
a  conference,  when  the  Pettit  Corbeau    made 


CAMEBON  SELLS  LIQUOR  TO  INDIANS. 


many  apologies  for  the  misconduct  of  his  people; 
he  represented  to  ns  the  different  manners  in 
wiiicli  the  young  warriors  liad  been  inducing  him 
to  go  to  war;  that  he  had  been  mucli  blamed  for 
dismissing  his  party  last  fall;  but  that  lie  was  de- 
termined to  adliere  as  far  as  lay  in  his  power  to 
our  instructions;  that  he  thought  it  most  prudent 
to  remain  here  and  restrain  the  warriors.  He 
then  presented  me  witli  a  beaver  rolie  and  pipe, 
and  his  message  to  the  general.  Tliat  he  was 
determined  to  preserve  peace,  and  make  the  road 
clear;  also  a  remembrance  of  his  promised  medal. 
I  made  a  reply,  calculated  to  confirm  him  in  his 
good  intentions,  and  assured  him  that  he  should 
not  be  the  less  remembered  by  his  father,  although 
not  present.  I  was  informed  tliat,  notwithstand- 
ing the  instruction  of  his  license,  and  my  par- 
ticular request,  Murdoch  Cameron  had  taken 
liquor  and  sold  it  to  tlie  Indians  on  tlie  river  St. 
Peter's,  and  that  his  partner  below  had  been 


equally  imprudent.  I  pledged  myself  to  prose- 
cute them  according  to  law;  for  they  have  been 
the  occasion  of  great  confusion,  and  of  much 
injury  to  the  other  traders.  This  day  met  a 
canoe  of  Mr.  Dickson's  loaded  with  provisions, 
under  the  charge  of  ^Ir.  Anderson,  brotlier  of 
the  ilr.  Andersen  at  Ijeech  Lake.  lie  politely 
offered  me  any  provision  he  had  on  board  (for 
which  Mr.  Dickson  had  given  me  an  order),  but 
not  now  being  in  want,  I  did  not  accept  of  any. 
This  day,  for  the  first  time,  I  observed  the  trees 
beginning  to  bud,  and  indeed  llie  climate  seemed 
to  have  changed  very  materially  since  we  passed 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony."' 

The  strife  of  political  parties  growing  out  of 
the  French  Revolution,  and  tlie  declaration  of 
war  against  Great  Britain  in  the'  year  1S1;2,  yiost- 
jioned  the  military  occupation  of  tlie  I'liiicr 
Mississipiji  by  the  United  States  of  America,  for 
several  years. 


80 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIOXEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


CII^U^TEIl  xin. 

Tra?  YALIiET  OF  THE  TIPPER  MISSISSIPPI  DUKING  SECOXD  IV All  WITH   GREAT  BRITATS'. 


Dickson  and  othrr  Ir^tlrn;  hosLili:^ — Amcrir-in  stncliaflp  at  Pniiri**  dn  Cliicn — Fort 
Shelby  jnimrndTS  to  Lt.  Col.  WilUara  McKa>-— Ljyal  tradcn  Provencallc  anj 
riribault— RUing  Moose  or  One-eyed  Sioax— Capt,  Bulger  evacuates  Fort 
McKay — lmtel]i;;enco  of  Feacc. 


Notwithstanding  the  professions  of  friendsliip 
made  to  Pike,  in  the  second  war  with  Great  Brit- 
ain, Dickson  and  others  were  fuuud  bearing  arms 
against  tlie  Republic. 

A  year  after  Pike  loft  Prairie  du  Chien,  it  was 
evident,  that  under  some  secret  influence,  the 
Indian  triltes  were  combining  against  the  United 
States.  In  the  year  1809,Xicholas.Iarrotdeclared 
that  the  British  traders  were  furnishing  the  sav- 
ages with  guns  for  hostile  purposes.  On  the  first 
of  May,  1812.  two  Indians  were  apprehended  at 
Chicago,  who  were  on  their  way  to  meet  Dickson 
at  (ireen  Bay.  They  had  taken  the  precaution 
to  hide  letters  in  their  nioccasius,  and  bury  them 
in  the  ground,  and  were  allowed  to  proceed  after 
a  brief  detention.  Frazer,  of  Prairie  du  Chien, 
who  liad  been  with  Pike  at  tlie  Council  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Minnesota  Kiver.  was  at  the  port- 
age of  llie  Wisconsin  when  the  Indians  delivered 
these  lettera.  which  stated  that  tlie  British  flag 
would  soon  be  flying  again  at  Mackinaw.  At 
Green  Bay,  the  celebrated  warrior,  Black  Hawk, 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Indians  who  were  to 
aid  tlie  British.  The  American  troops  at  Macki- 
naw were  obliged,  on  the  seventeenth  of  July, 
1812,  to  capitulate  without  firing  a  single  gun. 
One  who  was  made  ]irisoiier.  writes  from  Detroit 
to  the  Secretiiry  of  A\'ar  : 

"The  persons  who  commanded  the  Indians  arc 
Kobert  Dickson.  Indian  trader,  and  John  jVskin, 
Jr..  IiKliau  agent,  and  his  .son.  The  latter  two 
were  painted  and  dressed  after  the  manner 
of  the  Indians.  Those  who  commanded  the 
Canadians  are  John  Johnson,  Crawford,  Pothier, 
Annitiuger.  La  Croix.  Holctlc,  I'lanks,  Living- 
ston, and  other  traders,  some  of  whom  were  lately 
concerned  iu  smuggling  liritish  goods  into  the 


Indian  countn',  and,  in  conjunction  with  others, 
have  been  using  their  utmost  efforts,  several 
mouths  before  the  declaration  of  war,  to  excite 
the  Indians  to  take  up  arms.  The  least  resist- 
ance from  the  fort  would  have  been  attended 
with  the  destruction  of  all  the  persons  who  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  British,  as  I  have  been  as- 
sured by  some  of  the  British  traders." 

On  the  first  of  May,  1814,  Governor  Clark, 
with  tsvo  hundred  men,  left  St.  Louis,  to  build  a 
fort  at  the  junction  of  the  AViscousin  and  ilissis- 
sipiii.  Twenty  days  before  he  arrived  at  Prairie 
du  Chien,  Dickson  had  started  for  ilackinaw 
with  a  band  of  Dahkotahs  and  Wiimebagoes. 
The  place  was  left  In  command  of  Captain  Deace 
and  the  ^Mackinaw  Fencibles.  The  Dahkotahs 
refusing  to  co-operate,  when  the  Americans  made 
their  appearance  they  fled.  The  Americans  took 
possession  of  the  old  Mackinaw  house,  in  which 
they  fouiKl  nine  or  ten  trunks  of  papers  belong- 
ing to  Dickson.  From  one  they  look  the  follow- 
ing extract : 

'• '  Arrived,  from  below,  a  few  Wiunebagoes 
with  scalps.  Gave  them  tobacco,  six  pounds 
powder  and  six  pounds  ball."  " 

A  fort  w'as  immediately  commenced  on  the 
site  of  the  old  residence  of  the  late  IL  L.  Dous- 
mau,  which  was  composed  of  two  block-houses 
in  the  angles,  and  another  on  the  bank  of  the 
river,  with  a  subterranean  communication.  In 
honor  of  the  governor  of  Kentucky  it  w;'.s  named 
'■Shelby." 

The  fort  was  in  charge  of  Lieutenant  Perkins, 
and  sixty  rank  and  tile,  and  two  gunboats,  each 
of  which  carried  a  six-pounder;  and  several 
howitzers  were  couiinauiled  by  Captains  Yeiser, 
Sullivan,  and  Aid-de-camp  Kennerly. 

The  traders  at  ^Mackinaw,  learning  that  the 
,\meiican3  had  built  a  fort  at  the  I'rairie,  and 
knowing  that  as  long  as  they  licld  pos.session 
Ihej  would  bo  cut  oil  from  the  trade  with  the 


LOYALTY  OF  FARIBAULT  AND  THE  ONE-EYED  SIOUX. 


81 


Dabkotahs,  immediately  raised  an  expedition  to 
capture  tlie  garrison. 

The  captain  was  an  old  trader  by  the  name  of 
McKay,  and  imder  bun  was  a  sergeant  of  ar- 
tillery, with  a  brass  six-pounder,  and  three  or 
four  volunteer  companies  of  Canadian  voyageurs, 
officered  by  Captains  Griguon,  llulette  and  An- 
derson, with  Lieutenants  Brisbois  and  Duncan 
Graham,  all  dressed  in  red  coats,  with  a  number 
of  Indians. 

The  Americans  had  scarcely  completed  their 
rude  fortification,  before  the  British  force,  guid- 
ed by  Joseph  Rolette,  Sr.,  descended  in  canoes 
to  a  point  on  the  Wisconsin,  several  miles  from 
the  Prairie,  to  which  they  marched  in  battle 
array.  McKay  sent  a  flag  to  the  Fort  demanding 
a  surrender.  Lieutenant  Perkins  replied  that  he 
would  defend  it  to  the  last. 

A  fierce  encounter  took  place,  in  which  the 
Americans  were  worsted.  The  officer  was 
wounded,  several  men  were  killed  and  one  of 
their  boats  captured,  so  that  it  became  necessary 
to  retreat  to  St.  Louis.  Fort  Shelby  after  its 
capture,  was  called  Fort  McKay. 

Among  the  traders  a  few  remained  loyal,  es- 
pecially Provencalle  and  J.  B.  Faribault,  traders 
among  the  Sioux.  Faribault  was  a  prisoner 
among  the  British  at  the  time  Lieut.  Col.  Wm. 
McKay  was  preparing  to  attack  Fort  Shelby,  and 
he  refused  to  perform  any  service,  Faribault's 
wife,  who  was  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  not  knowing 
that  her  husband  was  a  prisoner  in  the  hands  of 
the  advancing  toe,  fled  with  others  to  the  Sioux 
village,  where  is  now  the  city  of  Winona.  Fari- 
Ijault  was  at  length  released  on  parole  and  re- 
turned to  his  trading  post. 

Pike  writes  of  his  flag,  that  "  being  in  doubt 

whether  it  had  been  stolen  by  the  Indians,  or  had 

fallen  overboaid  and  floated  away,  I  sent  for  my 

friend  the  Orignal  Leve."'     He  also  call'?  the 

Chief,  Eising  Moose,  and  gives  his  Sioux  name 

Tahamie.    He  was  one  of  those,  who  in  180.5, 

signed  the  agreement,  to  simender  land  at  the 

junction  of  the  Minnesota  and  Mississippi  Elvers 

to   the    United   States.    He   had  but  one  eye, 

having  lost  the  other  when  a  boy,  belonged  to 

the   Wapasha  band  of  the  Sioux,  and  proved 

tnie  to  the  flag  which  had  waved  on  the  day  he 

sat  in  council  with  Pike. 

In  the  fall  of  1814,  with  another  of  the  same 
6 


nation,  he  ascended  the  Missouri  imder  the  pro- 
tection of  the  distinguished  trader,  Manual  Lisa, 
as  far  as  the  Au  Jacques  or  .James  P.iver,  and 
from  thence  struck  across  the  country,  enlisting 
the  Sioux  in  favour  of  the  I'nited  States,  and  at 
length  arrived  at  Prairie  du  Chien.  On  his  arri- 
val, Dickson  accosted  him,  and  inquired  from 
whence  he  came,  and  what  was  his  business  ;  at 
the  same  time  rudely  snatching  his  bundle  from 
his  shoulder,  and  searching  for  letters.  The 
"  one-eyed  warrior "'  told  him  that  he  was  from 
St.  Louis,  and  that  he  had  promised  the  white 
chiefs  there  that  he  would  go  to  Prairie  du  Chien, 
and  that  he  liad  kept  his  promise 

Dickson  then  placed  him  in  confinement  in 
Fort  McKay,  as  the  garrison  was  called  by  the 
British,  and  ordered  him  to  divulge  what  infor- 
mation he  possessed,  or  he  would  put  him  to 
death.  But  the  faithful  fellow  said  he  would 
impart  nothing,  and  that  he  was  ready  for  death 
if  he  wished  to  kill  him.  Finding  that  confine- 
ment had  no  effect,  Dickson  at  last  liberated  him. 
He  then  left,  and  visited  the  bands  of  Sioux  on 
the  Upper  Mississippi,  with  which  he  passed  the 
winter.  When  he  returned  in  the  spring,  Dick- 
son had  gone  to  Mackinaw,  and  Capt.  A.  Bulger, 
of  the  Royal  New  Foundland  Regiment,  was  in 
command  of  the  fort. 

On  the  twenty-third  of  May,  181.5,  Capt.  Bul- 
ger, wrote  from  Fort  McKay  to  Gov.  Clark  at  St. 
Louis:  "Official  intelligence  of  peace  reached 
me  yesterday.  I  propose  evacuating  the  fort, 
taking  with  me  the  guns  captured  in  the  fort.  * 
*  *  *  I  have  not  the  smallest  hesitation  in 
declaring  my  decided  opinion,  tliat  the  presence 
of  a  detachment  of  British  and  United  States 
troops  at  the  same  time,  would  be  the  means  of 
embroiling  one  party  or  the  other  in  a  fresh  rup- 
ture with  the  Indians,  which  I  presume  it  is  the 
wish  of  both  governments  to  avoid." 

The  next  month  the  "One-Eyed  Sioux,"  with 
three  other  Indians  and  a  squaw,  visited  St.  Louis, 
and  he  informed  Gov.  Clark,  that  the  British 
commander  left  the  cannons  in  the  fort  when  he 
evacuated,  but  in  a  day  or  two  came  back,  took 
the  cannons,  and  fired  the  fort  with  the  American 
flag  flying,  but  that  he  rushed  in  and  saved  it 
from  being  burned.  From  this  time,  the  British 
flag  ceased  to  float  in  the  Valley  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. 


82 


EXPLOREBS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  ^flXXESOTA. 


CHAPTER   XIV. 


long's  expedition,  a.  d.  i817,  rv  a  six-oaued  skiff,  to  the  falls  of  saint  Anthony. 


Curer  s  Grandsons.— Roque,  Sioux  Interiirot^r.— Wapa&haw's  Village  and  Its 
Vicinity.— A  S-Tcn-d  Dance.— Indian  Tillago  Below  Dajlon's  Bluff.— Carver's 
Cave.— FountAin  Cave.— Falls  of  St.  Anthony  Described.— Site  or  a  Fort 

Major  Stephen  H.  Long,  of  the  Engineer  Corps 
of  the  United  States  Army,  learning  tliat  tJiore 
■was  little  or  no  danger  to  be  apprehended  from 
the  Indians,  determined  to  ascend  to  tlie  Falls  of 
Saint  Anthony,  in  a  six-oared  skiiT  presented  to 
Lim  by  Governor  Clark,  of  Saint  Louis.  His 
party  consisted  of  a  Mr.  Hempstead,  a  native  of 
Xew  London,  Connecticut,  who  had  been  living 
at  Prairie  du  Cliien,  seven  soldiers,  and  a  half- 
breed  interpreter,  named  Eoque.  A  bark  canoe 
accompanied  them,  containing  Messrs.  Gxm  and 
King,  grandsons  of  the  celebrated  traveler,  Jona- 
than Carver. 

On  the  ninth  ot  ^uly,  1817,  the  expedition  left 
l^airie  du  Chien,  and  on  the  twelfth  arrived  at 
"  Trempe  a  I'eau."    He  -WTites : 

"  When  we  stopped  for  breakfast,  Mr.  Hemp- 
stead and  myself  ascended  a  high  peak  to  t^ike  a 
view  of  the  comitry.  It  is  known  by  the  name 
of  the  Kettle  Hill,  havuig  obtained  this  appella- 
tion from  the  circumstance  of  its  having  numer- 
ous piles  of  stone  on  its  top,  most  of  them 
fragments  of  the  rocky  stratifications  wliich 
constitute  the  principal  part  of  the  hill,  but  some 
of  them  small  piles  made  by  the  Indians.  These 
at  a  distance  liavt;  some  similitude  of  kettles 
arranged  along  upon  the  ridge  and  sides  of  tlie 
hill.  From  this,  or  almost  any  other  eminence  in 
its  neigliborhood,  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  the 
prospect  would  balUe  the  skill  of  the  most  inge- 
nious pencil  to  depict,  and  that  of  the  most  ac- 
complished pen  to  describe.  Hills  marshaled 
into  a  variety  of  agreeable  .shapes,  some  of  them 
towering  into  lofty  pe;iks,  while  others  present 
broad  Bumraits  embellished  with  contours  and 
slopes  in  the  nmst  pleasing  manner;  chiimpaigns 
and  waving  valleys;  forests,  lawns,  and  jiaiks 
alternating  with  each  other;  the  humble  Missis- 


sippi meandering  far  below,  and  occasionally 
losing  itself  in  numberless  islands,  give  variety 
and  beauty  to  the  jiicture,  while  rugged  cliffs  and 
stupendous  precipices  here  and  there  present 
themselves  as  if  to  add  boldness  and  majesty  to 
the  scene.  In  the  midst  of  this  beautiful  scenery 
is  situated  a  village  of  the  Sioux  Intlii  ns,  on  an 
extensive  lawn  called  the  Aux  Aisle  Prairie  ;  at 
whicli  we  lay  by  for  a  tuort  time.  On  our  amval 
the  Indians  hoisted  two  .(Vmerican  Ihigs,  and  we 
returned  the  compliment  by  discharging  our 
blunderbuss  and  pistols.  They  then  lired  several 
guns  ahead  of  us  by  way  of  a  salute,  after  which 
we  landed  and  were  received  with  much  friend- 
ship. The  name  of  their  chief  is  Wauppaushaw, 
or  the  Leaf,  commonly  called  by  a  name  of  the 
same  import  in  French,  La  Feuille,  or  La  Fye, 
as  it  is  pronounced  in  English.  He  is  considered 
one  of  the  most  honest  and  honorable  of  any  of 
the  Indians,  and  endeavors  to  inculcate  into  the 
minds  of  his  people  the  sentiments  and  principles 
adopted  by  himself.  He  was  not  at  home  at  the 
time  I  called,  and  I  had  no  opportmiity  of  seeing 
him.  The  Indians,  as  I  suppose,  with  the  ex- 
pectation that  I  had  sometliing  to  communicate 
to  them,  assembled  themselves  at  the  place 
where  I  landed  and  seated  themselves  upon  the 
grass.  I  inquired  if  their  chief  was  at  home, 
and  was  answered  in  the  negative.  I  then  told 
them  I  should  be  very  glad  to  see  him,  but  as  he 
W'ls  absent  I  would  call  on  him  again  in  a  few 
days  when  I  sliould  return.  I  further  told  them 
that  our  father,  the  new  President,  wislieil  to  ob- 
tain Slime  more  information  relative  to  his  red 
children,  and  that  I  was  on  a  tour  to  acquire  any 
intelligence  he  might  stand  in  need  of.  With 
this  they  appeared  well  satisfied,  and  permitted 
Mr.  H<'mpBtead  and  myself  to  go  through  their 
village.  While  T  \v;us  in  the  wigwam,  tme  of  the 
Bubiinlinate  chiefs,  whose  name  was  Wazzecootji, 
or  Shooter  from  tlie  Pino  Tree,  volunteered  to 


INITIATION  OF  A  WABRIOB  BY  A  SACRED  DANCE. 


83 


accompany  me  up  the  river.  I  accepted  of  Ids 
services,  and  lie  was  ready  to  attend  me  on  llie 
tour  in  a  very  short  time.  When  we  hove  iu 
siglit  the  Indians  were  engaged  in  a  ceremony 
called  the  Bear  Dance;  a  ceremony  which  they 
are  in  the  habit  of  performing  when  any  young 
man  is  desirous  of  bringing  himself  into  particu- 
lar notice,  and  is  considered  a  kind  of  initiation 
into  the  state  of  manhood.  I  went  on  to  the 
ground  where  they  had  their  performances, 
which  were  ended  sooner  than  usual  on  account 
of  our  arrival.  There  was  a  kind  of  flag  made 
of  tiivm.  skin  dressed  with  the  hair  on,  suspended 
on  a  pole.  Upon  the  flesh  side  of  it  were  drawn 
certain  rude  figures  indicative  of  the  dream 
which  it  is  necessary  the  young  man  should  have 
dreamed,  before  he  can  be  considered  a  proper 
candidate  for  this  kind  of  initiation ;  with  this  a 
pipe  was  suspended  by  way  of  sacrifice.  Two 
arrows  were  stuck  up  at  the  foot  of  the  pole, 
and  fragments  of  painted  feathers,  etc.,  were 
strewed  about  the  ground  near  to  it.  These  per- 
tained to  the  religious  rites  attending  the  cere- 
mony, which  consists  in  bewailing  and  self-mor- 
tiflcation,  that  the  Good  Spirit  may  be  induced 
to  pity  them  and  succor  tlieir  undertaking. 

"  At  the  distance  of  two  or  three  hundred 
yards  from  the  flag,  is  an  excavation  which  they 
call  the  bear's  liole,  prepared  for  the  occasion. 
It  is  about  two  feet  deep,  and  has  two  ditches, 
about  one  foot  deep,  leading  across  it  at  right  an- 
gles. The  young  hero  of  the  farce  places  himself 
in  this  hole,  to  be  hunted  by  the  rest  of  the  young 
men,  all  of  whom  on  this  occasion  are  dressed  in 
their  best  attire  and  painted  in  their  neatest  style. 
The  hunters  approach  the  hole  in  the  direction  of 
one  of  the  ditches,  and  discharge  their  guns, 
which  were  previously  loaded  for  the  purpose 
with  blank  cartridges,  at  the  one  who  acts  the 
part  of  the  bear;  whereupon  he  leaps  from  his 
den,  having  a  hoop  in  each  hand,  and  a  wooden 
lance  ;  the  hoops  serving  as  forefeet  to  aid  him 
in  characterizing  his  part,  and  his  lance  to  defend 
him  from  his  assailants.  Thus  accoutred  he 
dances  roimd  tlie  place,  exhibiting  various  feats 
of  activity,  while  the  other  Indians  pursue  him 
and  endeavor  to  trap  him  as  he  attempts  to  re- 
turn to  his  den,  to  effect  which  he  is  pnvileged  to 
use  any  violence  he  pleases  with  impunity  against 


his  assailants,  and  even  to  taking  the  life  of  any 
of  them. 

"  This  part  of  the  ceremony  is  performed  three 
times,  that  the  bear  may  escape  from  his  den 
and  return  to  it  again  through  tliree  of  the  ave- 
nues communicating  with  if,.  On  being  hmited 
from  the  fourth  or  last  avenue,  the  bear  must 
make  his  escape  through  all  hi;,  pursuers,  if  pos- 
sible, and  flee  to  the  woods,  whei  he  i  ^  t  j  remam 
through  the  day.  This,  however,  is  seldom  or 
never  accomplished,  as  all  the  yomig  men  exert 
themselves  to  the  utmost  in  order  to  trap  him. 
When  caught,  he  must  retire  to  a  lodge  erected  for 
his  reception  iu  the  field,  where  he  is  to  be  se- 
cluded from  all  society  through  the  day,  except 
one  of  his  particular  friends  whom  he  is  allowed 
to  take  with  him  as  an  attendant.  Here  he 
smokes  and  performs  various  other  rites  wliich 
superstition  has  led  the  Indians  to  believe  are  sa- 
cred. After  this  ceremony  is  ended,  the  young 
Indian  is  considered  qualified  to  act  any  part  as 
an  efficient  member  of  their  community.  The 
Indian  who  has  the  good  fortune  to  catch  the 
bear  and  overcome  him  when  endeavoring  to 
make  his  escape  to  the  woods,  is  considered  a 
candidate  for  preferment,  and  is  on  the  first  suit- 
able occasion  appointed  the  leader  of  a  small  war 
party,  in  order  that  he  may  further  have  an  op- 
portunity to  test  his  prowess  and  perform  more 
essential  service  iu  behalf  of  his  nation.  It  is 
accordingly  expected  that  he  will  kill  some  of 
their  enemies  and  return  with  their  scalps.  I  re- 
gretted very  much  that  I  had  missed  the  oppor- 
tunity of  witnessing  this  ceremony,  which  is 
never  performed  except  when  prompted  by  the 
particular  dreams  of  one  or  other  of  the  young 
men,  who  is  never  complimented  twice  in  the 
same  manner  on  account  of  his  dreams." 

On  the  sixteenth  he  approached  the  vicinity  of 
where  is  now  the  capital  of  Minnesota,  and 
writes :  "  Set  sail  at  half  past  four  this  morning 
with  a  favorable  breeze.  Passed  an  Indian  bury- 
ing ground  on  our  left,  the  first  that  I  have  seen 
surrounded  by  a  fence.  In  the  centre  a  pole  is 
erected,  at  the  foot  of  which  religious  rites  are 
perfoi-med  at  the  burial  of  an  Indian,  by  the 
particular  friends  and  relatives  of  the  deceased. 
Upon  the  pole  a  flag  is  suspended  when  any  per- 
son of  extraordinary  merit,  or  one  who  is  very 
much  beloved,  is  buried.      In  the  enclosure  were 


84 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


two  scaffolds  erected  also,  about  six  feet  high 
and  six  feet  square.  Upou  one  of  tlieni  were  two 
coffins  containinfr  dead  bodies.  Passed  a  Sioux 
village  on  our  right  contaiiiing  fourteen  cabins. 
The  uame  of  the  chief  is  tlie  Petit  Corbeau,  or 
Little  Raven.  The  Indians  were  all  absent  on  a 
hunting  party  up  the  Kiver  St.  Croix,  which 
is  but  a  little  distance  across  the  country  from 
the  village.  Of  this  we  were  very  glad,  as  this 
band  are  said  to  be  the  most  notorious  beggars 
of  all  the  Sioux  on  the  ^Mississippi.  One  of  their 
cabins  is  furnished  with  loop  holes,  and  is  sit- 
uated so  near  the  water  that  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river  is  witliin  musket-shot  range  from 
the  l)uilding.  By  this  means  the  Petit  Oorbeau 
is  enabled  to  exercise  a  command  over  the  pass- 
age of  the  river  and  has  in  some  instances  com- 
l)elled  traders  to  land  with  their  goods,  and  in- 
duced them,  probably  through  fear  of  offending 
him,  to  bestow  presents  to  a  considerable  amount, 
before  he  would  snITer  them  to  pass.  The  cabins 
are  a  kind  of  stockade  buildings,  and  of  a  better 
appearance  than  any  Indian  dwellings  I  have 
before  met  with. 

'•Two  miles  above  tlie  village,  on  the  same 
Bide  of  the  river,  is  Carver's  Cave,  at  which  we 
stopped  to  breakfast.  However  interesting  it 
may  have  been,  it  does  not  possess  that  character 
in  a  very  high  degree  at  jircsent.  Wo  descend- 
ed it  with  lighted  candles  to  its  lower  extremity. 
The  entrance  is  very  low  and  about  eight  feet 
broad,  so  tlial  a  man  in  order  to  enter  it  must  be 
completely  prostrate.  Tlic  angle  of  descent 
within  the  cave  is  about  25  deg.  The  flooring 
is  an  in<'lined  plane  of  (piicksand,  formed  of  tlie 
rock  in  wliidi  the  cavern  is  formed.  Tlie  dist- 
ance from  its  entrance  to  its  inner  extremity  is 
twenty-four  paces,  and  the  width  in  tlie  broadest 
jmrl  about  nine,  and  its  greatest  heiglil  about 
seven  feet.  In  shape  it  resembles  a  bakers "s  oven. 
The  cavern  was  once  jirobably  much  more  ex- 
tensive. My  interpreter  informed  me  that,  since 
his  renicnibrance,  the  entrance  was  not  less 
llian  ten  feel  higli  and  its  length  far  greater  than 
at  present.  The  rock  in  which  it  is  formed  is 
a  very  wliite  sandstone,  so  friable  that  the  frag- 
ments of  it  will  ahnost  cninilile  to  sand  when 
taken  into  the  liand.  A  few  yards  below  the 
month  of  the  cavern  is  a  very  copious  spring  of 
fine  water  issuing  from  the  bottom  of  tlie  clifl'. 


"  Five  miles  above  this  is  the  Foimtain  Cave, 
on  the  same  side  of  the  river,  foi-med  in  the  same 
kind  of  sandstone  but  of  a  more  pure  and  line 
quality.  It  is  far  more  curious  and  interesting 
than  the  former.  The  entrance  of  the  cave  is  a 
large  winding  hall  about  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet  in  length,  fifteen  feet  in  width,  and  from 
eight  to  sixteen  feet  in  height,  finely  arclied 
overhead,  and  nearly  perpendicular.  JS'ext  suc- 
ceeds a  narrow  passage  and  ditlicidt  of  entrance, 
which  opens  into  a  most  lieautifiil  circular  room, 
finely  arched  aliove,  and  about  forty  feet  in  di- 
ameter. The  cavern  then  continues  a  meander- 
ing course,  expanding  occasionally  into  small 
rooms  of  a  circular  form.  We  penetrated  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty  yards,  till  our  candles 
began  to  fail  us,  when  we  returned.  To  beauti- 
fy and  embellish  the  scene,  a  fine  crystal  stream 
flows  through  the  cavern,  and  cheers  the  lone- 
some dark  retreat  with  its  enlivening  murmurs. 
The  temperature"  of  the  water  in  tlio  cave  was 
4G  deg.,  and  that  of  the  air  60  deg.  Entering 
this  cold  retreat  from  an  atmosphere  of  89  deg., 
I  thought  it  not  prudent  to  remain  in  it  long 
enough  to  take  its  several  dimensions  and  me- 
ander its  courses ;  particularly  as  we  had  to  wade 
in  water  to  our  knees  in  many  places  in  order  to 
penetrate  as  far  as  we  went.  The  fountain  sujv 
plies  an  abundance  of  water  as  fine  as  I  ever 
drank.  Tliis  cavern  I  was  informed  by  my 
interpreter,  has  been  discovered  but  a  few  years. 
That  the  Indians  formerly  living  in  its  neighbor- 
hood knew  notliing  of  it  till  within  six  years 
past.  That  it  is  not  the  same  as  that  described 
liy  Carver  is  evident,  not  only  from  this  circum- 
stance, but  also  from  tlie  circumstance  that  in- 
stead of  a  stagnant  pool,  and  only  one  accessible 
room  of  a  very  different  form,  this  cavern  has 
a  brook  running  tlirough  it,  and  at  least  four 
rooms  in  succession,  one  after  the  otlier.  Car- 
ver's Cave  is  fast  filling  up  with  sand,  so  that 
no  water  is  now  found  in  it.  whereas  this,  from 
the  very  nature  of  tlie  place,  must  be  enlarging, 
as  tlie  fountain  will  carry  along  willi  its  current 
all  the  sand  that  I'alls  into  it  I'roiii  llie  roof  and 
sides  of  the  cavern.'' 

On  the  night  of  the  sixteenth,  he  arrived  al  the 
Palls  of  Saint  .Vnthony  and  encamped  on  the  east 
shore  just  below  the  cataract.  He  writes  in  his 
joiirnul : 


DESCRIPTION  OF  FALLS  OF  SAINT  ANTHONY. 


85 


"The  place  where  we  encamped  last  night  need- 
ed no  enibellishinent  to  render  it  romantic  in  the 
highest  degree.  The  banlis  on  botli  sides  of  the 
river  are  about  one  hundred  feet  high,  decorated 
with  trees  and  sln'ubbery  of  various  kinds.  Tlie 
post  oal<,  liiclior\ .  walnut,  linden,  sugar  tree. 
white  birch,  and  the  American  box  ;  also  various 
evergreens,  such  as  the  pine,  cedar,  juniper, 
etc.,  added  their  embellishments  to  the  scene. 
Amongst  the  shrubery  were  the  prickly  ash, 
plum,  and  cherry  tree,  the  gooseberry,  the  black 
and  red  raspberry,  the  chokeberry,  grape  vine, 
etc.  There  were  also  various  kinds  of  lierbage 
and  flowers,  among  wliieli  were  tlie  wild  jiarsley, 
rue,  spikenard,  etc.,  red  and  white  roses,  uKirning 
glory  and  various  otlier  handsome  flowers.  A 
few  yards  lielow  us  was  a  Ijeautifnl  cascade  of 
fine  spring  water,  pourmg  down  from  a  project- 
ing precipice  about  one  hundred  feet  higlit.  On 
our  left  was  the  Mississippi  hurrying  tlirough  its 
channel  with  great  velocity,  and  alxiut  tliree 
quarters  of  a  mile  above  us,  in  plain  view,  was 
the  majestic  cataract  of  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 
The  murmuring  of  the  cascade,  the  roaring  of  the 
river,  and  the  thunder  of  tlie  cataract,  all  contril)- 
uted  to  render  the  scene  the  most  interesting  and 
magnificient  of  any  I  ever  before  witnessed."' 

'■Tlie  perpendicular  fall  of  the  water  at  the 
cataract,  was  stated  by  Pike  in  his  journal,  as  six- 
teen and  a  half  feet,  which  I  found  to  be  true  by 
actual  measurement.  To  this  height,  however, 
four  or  five  feet  may  be  added  for  the  rapid  des- 
cent which  immediately  succeeds  to  the  perpen- 
dicular fall  within  a  few  yards  below.  Immedi- 
ately at  the  cataract  tlie  river  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  an  island  which  extends  considerably 
above  and  below  the  cataract,  and  is  about  Ave 
himdred  yards  long.  The  channel  on  the  riglit 
side  of  the  Island  is  about  three  times  tlie  width 
of  that  on  the  left.  The  quanity  of  water  pass- 
ins  through  them  is  not,  however,  in  the  same 
proportion,  as  aljout  one-tliird  part  of  the  whole 
passes  through  the  left  channel.  In  the  broadest 
channel,  just  below  the  cataract,  is  a  small  island 
also,  about  fifty  yards  in  length  and  thirty  in 
breadth.  Both  of  tliese  islands  contain  tlie  same 
kind  of  rocky  formation  as  theljanks  of  the  river, 
and  are  nearly  as  high.  Besides  these,  there  are 
immediately  at  tlie  foot  of  tlie  cataract,  two 
islands  of  very  inconsiderable  size,  situated  in 


the  right  channel  also.    The  rapids  commence 
several  hundred  yards  above  the  cataract  and 
continue  about  eight  miles  below.    Tlie  fall  of 
the  water,  beginning  at  the  head  of  the  rapids, 
and  extending  two  Innidred  and  sixty  rods  down 
tlie  river  to  where  the  portage  road  commences, 
below  the  cataract  is,  according  to  Pike,  fifty- 
eight  feet.     If  this  estimate  be  correct  the  whole 
fall  from  the  head  to  tlie  foot  of  the  rapids,  is  not 
probably  much  less  than  one  liimdred  feet.    But 
as  I  had  no  instrument  sufficiently  accurate  to 
level,  where  the  view  must  necessarily  be  pretty 
extensive,  I  took  no  pains  to  ascertain  the  extent 
of  tlie  fall.    The  mode  I  adopted  to  ascertain 
the  height  of  a  cataract,  was  to  suspend  a  line 
and  plummet  from  tlie  talile  rock  on  the  soutli 
side  of  the  river,  which  at  the  same  time  had 
very  little  \\ater  passing  over  it  as  the  river  was 
unusually  low.    Tlie  rocky  formations  at  tliis 
place  were  arranged  in  the  followuig  order,  from 
the  surface  downward.    A  coarse  kind  of  lime- 
stone in  thin  strata  containing  considerable  silex; 
a  kind  of  soft  friable  stone  of  a  greenish  color 
and  slaty  fracture,   probalily    containing    lime, 
aluminum  and  silex  ;  a  very  lieautiful  satratiflca- 
tion  of  shell  limestone,  in  tliiu  plates,  extremely 
regular  in   its  formation  and  containing  a  vast 
numl)er  of    shells,  all  apparently  of   the  same 
kind.    Tins  formation  constitutes  the  Table  Rock 
of  the  cataract.    The  next  in  order  is  a  white  or 
yellowish  sandstone,  so  easily  crumbled  that  it 
deserves  the  name  of  a  sandbank  rather  than  that 
of  a  rock.    It  is  of  various  depths,  from  ten  to 
fifty  or  seventy-five  feet,  and  is  of  the  same  char- 
acter with  that  found  at  the  caves  before  des- 
cribed.   The  next  in  order  is  a  soft  friable  sand- 
stone, of  a  greenish  color,  similar  to  that  resting 
upon  the  shell  limestone.    Tliese  stratifications 
occupied  the  whole  space  from    the  low  water 
mark  nearly  to  the  top  of  tlie  bluffs.    On  the  east, 
or  rather  nortli  side  of  the  river,  at  the  Falls,  are 
high  grounds,  at  tlie  distance  of  half  a  mile  from 
the  river,  consideralily  more  elevated  than  tlio 
bluffs,  and  of  a  hilly  aspect. 

Speaking  of  the  blulf  at  the  condueiice  o..  ilie 
Mississippi  and  Jliunesota,  lie  writes:  "  .V  niililai'y 
work  of  considerable  magnitude  miglit  lie  con- 
structed on  the  iioiiit,  and  might  be  rendered 
sufficiently  secure  by  occupying  tlie  commanding 
heiglit  in  the  rear  in  a  suitalile  manner,  as  the 


86 


BXPLOEEES  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


latter  would  control  not  only  the  point,  but  all 
the  neighboring  heights,  to  the  full  extent  of  a 
twelve  jKiuniiers  range.  Tlie  work  on  tlie  point 
would  be  necessary  to  control  the  navigation  of 
the  two  rivers.  But  witliout  the  commanding 
work  in  the  rear,  would  be  liable  to  be  greatly 
annoyed  from  a  height  situated  directly  opposite 


on  the  otlier  side  of  the  Mississippi,  which  is 
here  no  more  than  about  two  lauulred  and  fifty 
yards  wide.  Tliis  latter  heiglit.  liowever,  would 
not  be  eligible  for  a  permanent  post,  on  account 
of  the  numerous  ridges  and  ravines  situated  im- 
mediately in  its  rear." 


EAULY  HISTOBY  OF  BED  BIVEB  VALLEY. 


87 


CHAPTEK  XV. 


THOMAS  DOUGLAS,  EARL  OF   SELKIRK,   AND  THE  RED  RIVER   VALLEY. 


Early  travelers  to  Lake  Winnipeg — Earliest  Map  by  the  Indian  Otchaga— Benin's 
allusion  to  it —  Verendrye's  Map — De  la  Jenieraye's  Map — Fort  La  Reine— Fort 
on  Red  River  abandoned — Origin  of  name  Ked  Lake — Earl  of  Selkirk — Ossini- 
boia  described— Scotch  immigrants  at  Perahina — Striie  of  trading  companies- 
Earl  of  Selkirk  visits  America — Governor  Semplc  Killed— Romantic  life  of  .John 
Tanner,  and  his  son  James — Letter  relative  to  Selkirk's  tour  through  Minne- 
sota. 

The  valley  of  the  Red  River  of  the  North  is 
not  only  an  importaut  portion  of  ilinnesota,  but 
has  a  most  interesting  history. 

While  there  is  no  evidence  that  Groselliers,  the 
first  white  man  -who  explored  JSIinnesota,  ever 
visited  Lake  Winnipeg  and  the  Red  River,  yet  he 
met  the  Assineboines  at  the  head  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior and  at  Lake  Nepigon,  while  on  his  way  by  a 
northeasterly  trail  to  Hudson's  Bay,  and  learned 
something  of  this  region  from  them. 
I  Tlie  first  person,  of  whom  we  have  an  account, 
•who  visited  the  region,  was  an  Englishman,  who 
came  in  1692,  by  way  of  York  River,  to  Winni- 
peg- 

■  Ochagachs,  or  Otchaga,  an  intelligent  Indian,  in 
1728,  assured  Pierre  Gualtier  de  Varenne,  known 
in  history  as  the  Sieur  Verendrye,  while  he  was 
stationed  at  Lake  Nepigon,  that  there  was  a 
communication,  largely  by  water,  west  of  Lake 
Superior,  to  the  Great  Sea  or  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
nide  map,  drawn  by  this  Indian,  was  sent  to 
France,  and  is  still  preserved.  Upon  it  is  marked 
Kamanistigouia,  the  fort  first  established  by  Du 
Luth.  Pigeon  River  is  called  Mantohavagane. 
Lac  Sasakanaga  is  marked,  and  Rainy  Lake  is 
named  Tecamemiouen.  The  river  St.  Louis,  of 
Minnesota,  is  R.  fond  du  L.  Superior.  The 
French  geographer,  Bellin,  in  his  "  Remarks 
upon  the  map  of  North  America,"  published  in 
1755,  at  Paris,  alludes  to  this  sketch  of  Ochagachs, 
and  says  it  is  the  earUest  drawing  of  the  region 
west  of  Lake  Superior,  in  the  Depot  de  la  Marnie. 

After  this  Verendrye,  in  1737,  drew  a  map, 
■which  remains  unpublished,  which  shows  Red 
Lake  in  Northern  Minnesota,  and  the  point  of 
the  Big  Woods  in  the  Red  River  Valley.     There 


is  another  sketch  in  the  archives  of  l^rance, 
drawn  by  De  la  Jemeraye.  He  was  a  nephew  of 
Verendrye,  and,  under  his  uncle's  orders,  he  was 
in  1731,  the  first  to  advance  from  the  Grand 
Portage  of  Lake  Superior,  by  way  of  the  Nalao- 
uagan  or  Groselliers,  now  Pigeon  River,  to  Rainy 
Lake.  On  this  appears  Fort  Rouge,  on  the  south 
bank  of  the  Assineboiue  at  its  junction  with  the 
Red  River,  and  on  the  Assineboiue,  a  post  estab- 
lished on  October  3,  1738,  and  called  Fort  La 
Reine.  Bellin  describes  the  fort  on  Red  River, 
but  asserts  that  it  was  abandoned  because  of  its 
vicuiity  to  Fort  La  Reine,  on  the  north  side  of 
the  Assinneboine,  and  only  about  nine  miles  by 
a  portage,  from  Swan  Lake.  Red  Lake  and  Red 
River  were  so  called  by  the  early  French  explo- 
rers, on  accoxmt  of  the  reddish  tint  of  the  waters 
after  a  stoi'm. 

Thomas  Douglas,  Earl  of  Selkirk,  a  wealthy, 
kind-hearted  but  visionary  Scotch  nobleman,  at 
the  commencement  of  the  present  century  formed 
the  design  of  planting  a  colony  of  agriculturists 
west  of  Lake  Superior.  In  the  year  1811  he 
obtained  a  grant  of  land  from  the  Hudson  Bay 
Company  called  Ossiniboia,  which  it  seems 
strange  has  been  given  up  by  the  people  of  Man- 
itoba. In  the  autumn  of  1812  a  few  Scotchmen 
'With  their  families  arrived  at  Pembina,  in  the 
Red  River  Valley,  by  way  of  Hudson  Bay,  where 
they  passed  the  winter.  In  tlie  winter  of  1813-1-1 
they  were  again  at  Fort  Daer  or  Peml)ina.  The 
colonists  of  Red  River  were  rendered  very  un- 
happy by  the  strife  of  rival  trading  companies. 

In  the  spring  of  1815,  McKenzie  and  Morrison, 
traders  of  the  Northwest  company,  at  Sandy 
Lake,  told  the  Ojibway  chief  there,  that  they 
would  give  him  and  his  band  all  the  goods  and 
rum  at  Leech  or  Sandy  Lakes,  if  they  would  an- 
noy the  Red  River  settlers. 

The  Earl  of  Selkirk  hearing  of  the  distressed 
condition  of  his  colony,  sailed  for  America,  and 


88 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  IHNNESOTA. 


in  the  fall  of  l.slo,  aniveil  at  New  York  City. 
Pmceidiiig  to  Montreal  he  foimd  a  messenger 
who  had  traveli-d  on  foot  in  mid-winter  from  the 
Ked  Elver  by  way  of  Red  Lake  and  Fou  du  Lac, 
of  Lake  Superior.  Ue  sent  back  by  this  man, 
kind  messages  to  the  dispirited  settlers,  but  one 
night  he  ■was  way-laid  near  Fon  du  Lac,  and 
robbed  of  liis  canoe  and  dispatches.  An  Ojib- 
■way  chief  at  Sandy  Lake,  afterwards  testified 
that  a  trader  named  Grant  offered  him  rum  and 
tobacco,  to  send  persons  to  intercept  a  bearer  of 
dispatches  to  Eed  River,  and  soon  the  messenger 
was  brought  in  by  a  negro  and  some  Indians. 

Failing  to  obtam  military  aid  from  the 
British  authorities  in  Canada,  Selkirk  made  an 
engagement  with  foLU"  oliicers  and  eighty  privates, 
of  the  discharged  Meuron  regiment,  t^\'enty  of 
the  De  "Watteville,  and  a  few  of  the  Glengary 
Feucibles,  which  had  served  in  the  late  war  with 
the  United  States,  to  accompany  him  to  Eed 
River.  They  were  to  receive  monthly  wages  for 
navigating  the  boats  to  Red  River,  to  have  lands 
assigned  them,  and  a  free  passage  if  they  wished 
to  return. 

"When  he  reached  Sault  St.  Maile.  he  received 
the  intelhgence  that  the  colony  had  again  been 
destroyed,  and  that  Semple,  a  mild,  amiable,  but 
not  altogether  judicious  man,  the  chief  governor 
of  the  factories  and  teiTitories  of  the  Hudson 
Kay  company,  residing  at  Red  River,  had  been 
killed. 

Schoolcraft,  in  1832,  says  he  saw  at  Leech 
Lake,  ^lajegabowi,  the  man  who  had  killed  Gov. 
Semple,  after  he  fell  wounded  from  his  horse. 

Before  he  heard  of  the  death  of  Semple,  the 
Earl  of  Selkirk  had  made  arrangements  to  visit 
his  colony  by  way  of  Fon  du  Lar.  on  the  St.  l^ouis 
River,  and  Red  Lake  of  Miiiuesola,  but,  lie  now 
clianged  his  mind,  and  proceedeil  with  his  force 
to  Fort  AVilliani.  the  chief  trading  post  of  the 
■Niirlh  west  Company  on  Lake  Superior;  and  ap- 
prehending the  principal  partners,  warrants  of 
commitment  w<'rcussue(l.  and  they  were  forward- 
ed to  the  Attorney-General  of  I'pper  Canada. 

While  Selkiik  was  engaged  at  Fort  William, 
a  party  of  emigranUs  in  charge  of  Miles  WcDon- 
nel,  Governor,  and  Captain  U'Orsomen,  went 
forward  tn  reinforce  the  colony.  At  Eainy 
Lake  they  obtained  tlie  guidance  of  a  man  who 
had  all  the  characteristics  of  an   Indian,  and  yet 


had  a  bearing  which  suggested  a  different  origin. 
By  his  eflicieney  and  temperate  habits,  he  had  se- 
cured the  respect  of  his  employers,  and  on  the  Earl 
of  Selkii-k's  arrival  at  Red  River,  his  attention  was 
called  to  him,  and  in  his  welfare  lie  became 
deeply  interested.  By  repeated  conversations 
with  him.  memories  of  a  different  kind  of  exist- 
ence were  aroused,  and  the  liglit  of  other  days 
began  to  brighten.  Though  he  had  forgotten  his 
father's  name,  he  furnished  suflicient  data  for 
Selkirk  to  proceed  with  a  search  for  his  relatives. 
Visiting  the  United  States  in  1S17.  he  published 
a  circular  in  the  papers  of  the  Western  States, 
which  led  to  the  identification  of  the  man. 

It  appeared  fi-oin  his  own  statement,  and 
those  of  his  friends,  that  his  name  was  John 
Tanner,  the  son  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  ^\  In  , 
about  the  year  1790,  lived  on  the  Ohio  river,  near 
the  Miami.  Shortly  after  his  location  there,  a 
band  of  roving  Indians  passed  near  the  house, 
and  foimd  John  Tanner,  then  a  little  boy,  filling 
his  hat  with  wahiuts  from  under  a  tree.  They 
seized  him  and  fled.  The  party  was  led  by  an 
Ottawa  whose  wife  had  lost  a  son.  To  compen- 
sate for  his  death,  the  mother  begged  that  a  boy 
of  the  same  age  might  be  captured. 

Adopted  by  the  band,  Tanner  grew  up  an 
Indian  in  his  tastes  and  habits,  and  was  noted 
for  bravery.  Selkirk  was  successful  in  finding 
his  relatives.  After  twenty-eight  years  of  sepa- 
ration, John  Tanner  in  1818,  met  his  brother 
Edward  near  Detroit,  and  went  with  him  to  his 
home  m  Missouri.  He  soon  left  his  brother,  and 
went  back  to  the  Indians.  For  a  time  he  was 
interpreter  for  llem-y  R.  Schooleraft,  but  became 
lazy  and  ill-natured,  and  in  1831),  skulking  behind 
some  buslies,  he  shot  and  killed  Schooleraffs 
brother,  and  fled  to  the  wilderness,  where,  .in 
1847,  he  died.  His  son,  James,  was  kindly  treats 
ed  by  the  missionaries  to  the  Ojibwiiys  of  Minne- 
sota; l)Ul  he  walked  in  the  footsteps  of  Ids  father. 
In  the  year  1851,  he  attempted  to  impose  upon 
the  Presbyterian  mini.ster  in  Saint  Paul,  and. 
when  detected,  called  upon  the  Baptist  minister, 
who,  beUeving  him  a  penitent,  cut  a  hole  in  the 
ice,  and  received  him  into  the  church  by  immer- 
sion. In  time,  the  Baptists  found  liim  out,  when 
lie  became  an  I'nitarian  missionary,  and,  at  last, 
it  is  said,  met  a  death  by  violence. 

Lord  Si-lkirk  was    in    the    lied   River    \'alley 


EARL  OF  SELKIRK  VISITS  SAINT  LOUIS. 


89 


during  the  summer  of  1817,  and  on  the  eighteenth 
of  July  concluded  a  treaty  with  the  Crees  and 
Saulteatix,  for  a  tract  of  land  beginning  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Red  River,  and  extending  along 
the  same  as  far  as  the  (Jreat  Forks  (now  Gran-1 
Forks)  at  the  mouth  of  Red  Lake  River,  and 
along  the  Assimiiboine  River  as  far  as  Musk  Rat 
River,  and  extending  to  the  distance  of  six  miles 
from  Fort  Douglas  on  every  side,  and  likewise 
from  Fort  Daer  (Pembina)  and  also  from  the 
Great  Forks,  and  in  other  parts  extending  to  the 
distance  of  two  miles  from  the  banks  of  the  said 
rivers. 

Having  restored  order  and  confidence,  attend- 
ed by  three  or  four  persons  he  crossed  the  plains 
to  the  Minnesota  River,  and  from  tlience  pro- 
ceeded to  St.  Louis.  The  Indian  agent  at 
Prairie  du  Chien  was  not  pleased  with  Selkirk's 
trip  through  Minnesota;  and  on  the  sixth  of 
February,  l.sis,  wrote  the  Governor  of  Illinois 
under  excitement,  some  groundless  suspicions  : 

•'  What  do  you  suppose,  sir,  has  been  the  re- 
sult of  the  passage  through  my  agency  of  this 
British  noblemanV  Two  entire  bands,  and  part 
of  a  third,  all  Sioux,  have  deserted  us  and  joined 
Dickson,  who  lias  distributed  to  them  large  quan- 
tities of  Indian  presents,  together  with  flags, 
medals,  etc.  Knowing  this,  what  must  have  been 
my  feelings  on  hearing  that  his  lordship  had  met 
with  a  favourable  reception  at  St.  Louis.  The 
newspapers  announcing  his  armed,  and  general 
Scottish  appearance,  all  tend  to  discompose  me ; 
believing  as  I  do,  that  he  is  plotting  with  his 
friend  Dickson  our  destruction — sharpening  the 
savage  scalping  knife,  and  colonizing  a  tract  of 
coiuitry,  so'remote  as  tliat  of  the  Red  River,  for 
the  purpose,  no  doubt,  of  monopolizing  the  fur 
and  peltry  trade  of  this  river,  the  Missouri  and 
their  waters ;  a  trade  of  the  first  importance  to 
our  Western  States  and  Territories.  A  courier 
who  had  arrived  a  few  days  since,  confirms  the 
belief  that  Dickson  is  endeavourhig  to  undo  what 
I  have  done,  and  secure  to  the  British  govern- 
ment the  affections  of  the  Sioux,  and  subject  the 
Northwest  Company  to  his  lordship.      *     *     * 


Dickson,  as  I  have  before  observed,  is  situated 
near  the  head  of  the  St.  Peter's,  to  which  place 
he  transports  his  goods  from  Selkirk's  Red  River 
establishment,  in  carts  made  for  the  purpose. 
The  trip  is  performed  in  live  days,  sometimes 
less.  He  is  directed  to  buUd  a  fort  on  the  high- 
est land  between  Lac  du  Traverse  and  Red  River, 
wiiich  he  supposes  will  be  the  established  lines 
This  fort  will  be  defended  by  twenty  men,  with 
two  small  pieces  of  artillery." 

In  the  year  1820,  at  Berne,  Switzerland,  a  cir- 
cular was  issued,  signed,  R.  May  D'Uzistorf, 
Captain,  in  his  Britannic  Majesty's  ser\dce,  and 
agent  Plenipotentiary  to  Lord  Selkirk.  Like 
many  documents  to  induce  emigration,  it  was  so 
highly  colored  as  to  prove  a  delusion  and  a 
snare.  The  climate  was  represented  as  "mild 
and  healthy."  "  Wood  either  for  building  or 
fuel  in  the  greatest  plenty,"'  and  the  country 
supplymg  "  in  profusion,  whatever  can  be  re- 
quired for  the  convenience,  pleasure  or  comfort 
of  life."  Remarkable  statements  considering 
that  every  green  thing  had  been  devoured  the 
year  before  by  grasshoppers. 

Under  the  influence  of  these  statements,  a  num- 
ber were  induced  to  embark.  In  the  spring  of 
1821,  about  two  hundred  persons  assembled  on 
the  banks  of  the  Rhine  to  proceed  to  the  region 
west  of  Lake  Superior.  Having  descended  tlie 
Rhme  to  the  vicinity  of  Rotterdam,  they  went 
aboard  the  ship  ■■  Lord  Wellington,"  and  after  a 
voyage  across  the  Atlantic,  and  amid  the  ice- 
floes of  Hudson's  Bay,  they  reached  York  Fort. 
Here  they  debarked,  and  entering  batteaux,  as- 
cended Nelson  River  for  twenty  days,  when  they 
came  to  Lake  ^\'iniiipeg,  and  coasting  along  the 
west  shore  they  reached  the  Red  River  of  the 
North,  to  feel  that  they  had  been  deluded,  and 
to  long  for  a  milder  clime.  If  they  did  not  sing 
the  Switzer's  Song  of  Home,  they  appreciated  its 
.sentiments,  and  gradually  these  immigrants  re- 
moved to  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  Rivtr. 
Some  settled  in  Minnesota,  and  were  the  first  to 
raise  cattle,  and  till  the  soil. 


90 


EXrLOIiEBS  ASD  PIOXEEIiS  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 


FORT  SNELLING  DUKING  ITS  OCCtTPAXCT  BY  COMPAXIES  OF  TITE  FIFTH  EEGDIENT  V.  S.  I:N-FANTKY, 

A.  D.   1S19,  TO   A.  D.   1827. 


Orden  for  military  occupation  of  Upp«r  Mississippi— Lcavenwortli  auA  Forsyth 
at  Prairie  duCliien— Birth  in  Camp— Troops  arrive  at  Mcndnta— Cantonment 
EaUblished— Wheal  carri-"'!  to  Pembina— Notice  of  Devotion,  Prescott,  and 
Major  Taliaferro— (-"ainp  Cold  Water  Established— Col.  Snelling  Ukes  command 
—  Impressive  Scene — Officers  in  1S20 — Condition  ot  the  Fort  in  1)*21— Saint 
Anthony  Hill— Alexis  Bailly  Ukes  canle  to  Pembina— Notice  of  Beltrami— 
ArTi%-iJ  of  first  Steamboat  — ila,i..r  Uing's  Expedition  to  Northern  Boundary- 
Beltrami  visits  the  northern  sources  ofthe  Mississippi— First  flour  mill — First 
Sunday  School— tircat  flood  in  Is.'fi.  African  slaves  al  the  Fort— Steamboat 
Arnvala— Duels — Notice  of  AVilliam  Joseph  SnellinE— Indian  ficht  at  the  Fort — 
Attack  upon  keel  boats — (icneral  Gaines'  report— Removal  of  Fifth  Regiment — 
Death  of  Colonel  SnellinK. 

The  rumor  that  Lord  Selkirk  was  founding  a 
colony  on  the  borders  of  the  United  States,  and 
that  the  British  trading  companies  withhi  the 
boundaries  of  what  became  the  territory  of  Min- 
nesota, convinced  the  authorities  at  'Wasliiugton 
of  the  importance  of  a  niiUtary  occupation  of  the 
valley  of  the  Upper  ^Mississippi. 

By  direction  of  Major  General  Brown,  the  fol- 
lowing order,  on  the  tenth  of  February,  1819,  was 
issued : 

"Major  General  !Macomb,  commander  of  the 
Fifth  .Military  deixirtment,  will  without  delay, 
concentrate  at  Detroit  tlie  Fiftli  Kegiment  of  In- 
fantry, excepting  the  recruils  otherwisi^  directed 
by  the  general  order  lierewith  transmitted.  As 
soon  as  tlie  navigation  of  the  lakes  will  admit,  be 
will  cause  tlie  reginieiil  to  lie  transixirted  to  Fort 
Howard;  from  thence,  by  llie  way  of  the  Fox 
and  WiscorLsin  Rivers,  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  and, 
after  delacliing  a  siirticieiit  number  of  companies 
to  garrison  Forts  Cniwfurd  and  .Vriiistrong.  the 
remainder  will  proceed  to  the  nioulli  of  the  River 
St.  Peter's,  where  they  will  estalilish  a  post,  at 
whicli  tlie  headquarters  of  the  regiment  will  be 
located.  The  regiment,  previous  to  its  depar- 
ture, will  receive  tlie  necessary  supjilies  of  cloth- 
ing, provisions,  arms,  and  ammunition.  Imme- 
diiite  application  will  bi:  made  to  Hrigadier  (ieii- 
eral  Jesup,  Quartermaster  tJeneial.  for  funds 
necessary  to  execute  the  movements  letiuired  by 
tills  order." 

On  the  thirteenth  of  April,  this  additional  order 
w!i,s  issued,  at  Detroit : 


"The  season  having  now  arrived  when  the 
lakes  may  be  navigated  with  safety,  a  detach- 
ment of  the  Fifth  Kegiment,  to  consist  of  Major 
Marston's  and  Captain  Fowle's  companies,  under 
the  command  of  Major  ^Slulilcnburg.  will  proceed 
to  tireen  Biiy.  Surgeon's  Mate,  K.  M.  Byrne,  of 
the  Fifth  Regiment,  will  accompany  the  detach- 
ment. The  Assistant  Deputy  Quartermaster 
General  will  furnish  the  necessary  transport,  and 
will  send  by  the  same  oppurtunity  two  humlred 
barrels  of  provisions,  wliicli  he  will  draw  from  the 
contractor  at  this  post.  The  provisions  must  be 
examined  anil  inspected,  and  properly  put  up  for 
transportation.  Colonel  Leavenvi-orth  will,  with- 
out delay,  prepare  his  regiment  to  move  to  the 
post  on  the  Mississippi,  agreeable  to  the  Divi- 
sion order  of  the  tenth  of  Febniary.  The  Assists 
ant  Deputy  Quartermaster  General  will  furnish 
the  necessary  transportation,  to  be  ready  by  the 
first  of  May  next.  The  Colonel  will  make  requi- 
sition for  such  stores,  aninmiiition,  tools  and 
imiilements  as  may  be  required,  and  he  be  able  to 
take  with  him  on  the  expedition.  Particular  in- 
structions will  be  given  to  the  Colonel,  e.xplaiiung 
the  objects  of  his  expedition."' 

EVENTS  OF  THE  YEAU   1R19. 

On  'Wednesday,  the  last  day  of  .Iiine,  Col.Leav- 
enwiirth  and  troops  arrived  from  (iieeii  Bay,  at 
Prairie  du  Chien,  Scarcely  had  they  reached 
this  point  wlien  Charlotte  Seymour,  the  wife  of 
Lt.  Xatluin  Clark,  a  native  of  II;irtford,  Ct, 
gave  birth  to  a  daughter,  whose  first  baptismal 
name  was  Charlotte,  after  her  mother,  and  the 
second  Ouisconsin,  given  by  the  oflicere  in  view 
of  the  fiicl  thiit  she  was  burn  at  the  jiiiiclidu  of 
that  stream  with  the  .Mississippi. 

In  time  Charlotte  Ouisconsin  married  a  young 
Lieutenant,  a  native  of  Princeton.  New  .Jersey, 
anil  a  graduate  of  West  Point,  and  still  resides 
with  her  liusliiiiid,  (icnenil  H,  P.  \'an  Cleve,  in 


COL.  LEAVENWOBTH  ABRIVES  AT  MENDOTA 


91 


the  city  of  Minneapolis,  living  to  do  good  as  she 
has  opportunity. 

In  June,  under  instructions  from  tlie  War 
Department,  Major  Thomas  Forsyth,  connected 
witli  tlie  office  of  Indian  affairs,  left  St.  Louis 
with  two  thousand  dollars  worth  of  goods  to  be 
distributed  among  the  Sioux  Indians,  iii  accor- 
dance with  the  agreement  of  1805,  already  re- 
ferred to,  by  the  late  General  Pike. 

About  nine  o'clock  of  the  mornmg  of  the  fifth 
of  July,  he  joined  Leavenworth  and  his  command 
at  Prairie  du  Chien.  Some  time  was  occupied  by 
Leavenworth  iiwaitiug  the  arrival  of  ordnance, 
provisions  and  recruits,  but  on  Sunday  morning, 
the  eighth  of  August,  about  eight  o'clock,  the 
expedition  set  out  for  the  pomt  now  known  as 
Mendota.  The  flotilla  was  quite  imposmg;  there 
were  the  Colonel's  barge,  fourteen  batteaux  with 
ninety-eight  soldiers  and  officers,  two  large  canal 
or  Mackinaw  boats,  filled  with  various  stores,  and 
Forsyth's  keel  boat,  containing  goods  and  pres- 
ents for  the  Indians.  On  the  twenty-third  of 
August,  Forsyth  reached  the  mouth  of  the  Min- 
nesota with  his  boat,  and  the  next  morning  Col. 
Leavenworth  arrived,  and  selecting  a  place  at 
Mendota,  near  the  present  raUroad  bridge,  he 
ordered  the  soldiers  to  cut  down  trees  and  make 
a  clearing.  On  the  next  Saturday  Col.  Leaven- 
worth, Major  Vose,  Surgeon  PureeU,  Lieutenant 
Clark  and  the  wife  of  Captain  Gooding  ivited 
the  Falls  of  Sahit  Anthony  with  Forsyth,  in 
his  keel  boat. 

Early  in  September  two  more  boats  and  a  bat- 
teaux, with  officers  and  one  hundred  and  twenty 
recruits,  arrived. 

During  the  winter  of  1820,  Laidlow  and  others, 
in  behalf  of  Lord  Selkirk's  Scotch  settlers  at 
Pembina,  whose  crops  had  been  destroyed  by 
grasshoppers,  passed  the  Cantonment,  on  their 
way  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  to  purchase  wheat. 
L'pon  the  fifteenth  of  April  they  began  their 
return  with  their  Mackinaw  boats,  each  loaded 
with  two  himdred  bushels  of  wheat,  one  hvmdred 
of  oats,  and  thirty  of  peas,  and  reached  the  mouth 
of  the  Minnesota  early  in  May.  Ascending  this 
stream  to  Big  Stone  Lake,  the  boats  were  drawn 
on  rollers  a  mile  and  a  half  to  Lake  Traverse, 
and  on  the  third  of  June  arrived  at  Pembina  and 
cheered  the  desponding  and  needy  settlers  of  tlie 
Selkirk  colony. 


The  first  sutler  of  the  post  was  a  Mr.  Devotion. 
He  brought  with  him  a  young  man  named  Phi- 
lander Prescott,  who  was  born  in  ISOl,  at  Phelps- 
town,  Ontario  county,  Xew  York.  At  first  they 
stopped  at  Mud  Hen  Island,  in  the  Mississippi 
below  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix  River.  Coming 
up  late  in  the  year  1819,  at  the  site  of  the  pres- 
ent towTi  of  Hastings  they  found  a  keel-boat 
loaded  with  supplies  for  the  cantonment,  in  charge 
of  Lieut.  Oliver,  detained  by  the  ice. 

Amid  all  the  changes  of  the  troops,  Mr.  Pres- 
cott remained  nearly  all  his  life  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  post,  to  which  he  came  when  a  mere  lad,  and 
was  at  length  killed  in  the  Sioux  JIassacre. 

EVENTS   OF  THE   YEAR   1820 

In  the  spring  of  1820,  Jean  Baptiste  Faribault 
brought  up  Leavenworth's  horses  from  Prairie 
du  Chien. 

The  first  Indian  Agent  at  the  post  was  a  former 
army  officer,  Lawrence  Taliaferro,  pronounced 
Toliver.  As  he  had  the  confidence  of  the  Gov- 
ernment for  twenty-one  successive  years,  he  is 
deserving  of  notice. 

His  family  was  of  Italian  origin,  and  among 
the  early  settlers  of  Virginia.  He  was  born  in 
1704,  hi  King  AVilliam  county  in  that  State,  and 
when,  in  1812,  war  was  declared  against  Great 
Britain,  with  four  brothers,  he  entered  the  army, 
and  was  commissioned  as  Lieutenant  of  the 
Thirtj--fifth  Infantry.  He  behaved  gallantly  at 
Fort  Erie  and  Sackett's  Harbor,  and  after  peace 
was  declared,  he  was  retained  as  a  First  Lieuten- 
ant of  the  Third  Infantry.  In  1816  he  was  sta- 
tioned at  Fort  Dearborn,  now  the  site  of  Chicago. 
Willie  on  a  furlough,  he  called  one  day  upon 
President  Monroe,  who  told  him  that  a  fort  would 
be  built  near  the  Falls  of  Saint  Autliony,  and  an 
Indian  Agency  established,  to  which  he  offered 
to  appoint  him.  Ilis  commission  was  dated 
March  2Tth,  ISIO,  and  he  proceeded  in  due  time 
to  his  post. 

On  the  fifth  day  of  May,  1820,  Leavenworth 
left  his  vrtnter  quarters  at  Mendota,  crossed  the 
stream  and  made  a  summer  camp  near  the 
present  military  grave  yard,  which  in  consequence 
of  a  fine  spring  has  been  called  "  Camp  Cold 
Water."  The  Indian  agency,  under  Taliaferro, 
remained  for  a  time  at  tlie  old  cantonment. 

The    conimandhig   officer    estabUshed  a  fine 


92 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PloyEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


garden  in  the  bottom  lands  of  tbe  Minnesota, 
and  on  tlie  fifteenth  of  June  tlie  earliest  garden 
peas  were  eaten.  The  Ihst  distinguished \isitors 
at  the  new  encampment  were  (iovenior  Lewis 
Cass,  of  Michigan,  and  llem-y  Schoolcraft,  who 
arrived  in  July,  by  way  of  Lake  Superior  and 
Sandy  Lake. 

The  relations  between  Col.  Leaveinvortli  and 
Lidiau  Agent  Taliaferro  were  not  entirely  har- 
monious, growing  out  of  a  disagreement  of  \-iews 
relative  to  the  treatment  of  the  Indians,  and  on 
the  day  of  the  arrival  of  Governor  Cass,  Tel- 
iaferro  writes  to  Leavenworth  : 

"  As  it  is  now  understood  that  I  am  agent  for 
Indian  affairs  in  this  country,  and  you  are  about 
to  leave  the  upper  ^Mississippi,  in  all  probability 
in  the  course  of  a  month  or  two,  I  beg  leave  to 
suggest,  for  the  sake  of  a  general  luulerstanding 
with  the  Indian  tribes  in  this  country,  that  any 
medals,  you  may  possess,  would  by  being  turned 
over  to  me,  cease  to  be  a  to!)ic  of  remark  among 
the  different  Indian  tribes  under  my  direction. 
I  will  pass  to  you  any  voucher  that  may  be  re- 
quired, and  I  beg  leave  to  observe  that  any  pro- 
gress in  influence  is  much  impeded  in  conse- 
quence of  tliis  frequent  intercourse  witli  the  gar- 
rison." 

In  a  few  days,  the  disastrous  effect  of  Indians 
mi'igling  witli  the  soldiers  was  exhibited.  On 
the  third  of  August,  the  agent  wrote  to  Leaven- 
worth: 

"  His  Excellency  Governor  Cass  during  his 
visit  to  this  post  remarked  to  me  that  the  Indians 
jn  this  quarter  were  spoiled,  and  at  the  same 
time  .saiil  they  should  not  be  pemiitted  to  enter 
tiie  ciimp.  An  luipleasanl  affair  lias  lately  taken 
place ;  I  mean  the  stabbing  of  the  old  chief 
Mahgossau  by  his  comrade.  This  was  caused, 
doiilitless,  by  an  anxiety  to  obtain  the  cliief's 
wliiskey.  I  beg,  therefore,  tliat  no  whiskey 
whatever  be  given  to  any  Indians,  unless  it  be 
through  their  jiroper  agent.  AVliile  an  overplus 
of  whiskey  thwarts  tlic  benificent  and  humane 
policy  of  the  government,  it  entails  misery  upon 
the  Indians,  and  endangers  their  lives." 

A  few  days  after  tliis  note  was  v.ritten  Josiah 
Snelling,  wliolunl  l)een  recently  promoted  to  the 
Colonelcy  of  the  Fifth  Heginient,  arrived  with 
his  family,  relieved  Leavenworth,  and  infused 
new  life  and  energy.    A  little  while  before  hia 


arrival,  the  daughter  of  Captain  Gooding  was 
married  to  Lieutenant  Green,  the  Adjutant  <if 
the  regiment,  the  first  maniage  of  white  persons 
in  Minnesota.  Mrs.  Snelling,  a  few  days  after 
her  arrival,  gave  birth  to  a  daughter,  the  first 
white  child  Iwrn  in  .Minnesota,  and  after  a  brief 
existence  of  thirteen  uioiitlis,  she  died  and  was 
the  lirst  mterred  in  the  military  grave  yard,  and 
for  years  the  stone  winch  marked  its  restmg 
place,  was  visilile. 

The  earliest  manuscript  in  Minnesota,  written 
at  the  Cantonment,  is  dated  October  4.  1820,  and 
is  in  the  handwTiting  of  Colonel  Snelling.  It 
reads :  "  In  justice  to  Lawrence  Taliaferro,  Esq., 
Indian  Agent  at  this  post.  we.  the  undersigned, 
oflftcers  of  the  Fifth  Kegiment  here  stationed, 
have  presented  him  tins  paper,  as  a  token,  not 
only  of  our  individual  respect  and  esteem,  but  as 
an  entire  approval  of  his  conduct  and  deportment 
as  a  public  agent  in  this  quarter.  Given  at  St. 
Peter,  this  4tli  day  of  October,  1S20. 

J.  Snelling,  X.  Clark, 

Col.  5th  Inf.  Lieutenant. 

S.  BURBANK,  Jos.  Hake, 

Br.  Major.  Lieutenant. 

David  I'kkry,  Ed.  Pckckll, 

Captain.  Surgeon, 

D.  Gooding,  P.  R.  Green, 

Brevet  Captain.  Lieut,  and  Adj I. 

J.   rLVMI'TDN,  "W.   (J.   CAMI', 

LieutciKuit.  Lt.  and  Q.  M. 

K.  A.  -McCaiie,  H.  Wilkins, 

Lieutenant.  Lieutenant." 

During  the  summer  of  1«20.  a  party  of  the 
Sisseton  Sioux  killed  on  the  .Missouri,  I.sadore 
Poupou.  a  half-breed,  and  Joseph  ^Vndrews,  a 
Canadian  engage(I  in  the  fur  trade.  The  Indian 
Agent,  through  Colin  Campbell,  as  interpreter, 
notified  the  Sissetous  that  trade  would  cease 
with  ttieni.  until  the  murderers  were  delivered. 
At  a  council  held  at  Big  Stone  L;die,  one  of  the 
murderers,  and  the  aged  father  of  another,  agreed 
to  surrender  themselves  to  the  connnanding 
clllcer. 

On  the  twelfth  of  November,  accompaiued  by 
their  friends,  they  approached  the  encampment 
in  solemn  procession,  and  marched  to  the  centre 
of  the  parade.  First  appi;ircd  a  Sisseton  bear- 
ing a  British  (lag;  then  the  murderer  and  the  de- 
voted father  of  another, their  arms  pinioned, and 


ARRIVAL  OF  TRE  FIRST  STEAMBOAT. 


93 


large  wooden  splinters  thrust  tlirougtli  the  flesh 
above  the  elbows  indicating  tlieir  contempt  for 
pain  and  death  ;  in  the  rear  followed  friends  and 
relatives,  with  them  chanting  the  death  dirge. 
Having  arrived  in  front  of  the  guard,  fire  was 
kindled,  and  the  British  l!ag  burned;  then  the 
murderer  delivered  up  his  medal,  and  both  prison- 
ers were  surrounded.  Col.  Snelling  detained  the 
old  chief,  while  the  murderer  was  sent  to  St. 
Louis  for  trial. 

EVENTS  OF  THE   YEAIt    1.S21. 

Col.  Snelling  built  the  fort  in  the  shape  of  a 
lozenge,  in  view  of  the  projection  between  the 
two  rivers.  The  first  row  of  barracks  was  of 
hewn  logs,  obtained  from  the  jiine  forestsof  Rum 
Kiver,  but  the  other  buildings  were  of  stone. 
Mrs.  Van  Cleve,  the  daughter  of  Lieutenant, 
afterwards  Captain  Clark,  writes  : 

■■  In  1S21  the  fort,  although  not  complete,  was 
fit  for  occupancy.  My  father  had  assigned  to 
him  the  quarters  next  beyond  the  steps  leading 
to  the  Commissary's  stores,  and  during  the  year 
my  little  sister  Juliet  was  born  tliere.  At  a  later 
period  my  father  and  Iilajor  Garland  obtained 
permission  to  build  more  commodious  quarters 
outside  the  walls,  and  the  result  was  the  two 
stone  houses  afterwards  occupied  by  the  Indian 
Agent  and  interpreter,  lately  destroyed." 

Early  in  August,  a  young  and  intelligent  mixed 
blood,  Alexis  Bailly,  in  after  years  a  member  of 
the  legislature  of  Minnesota,  left  the  cantonment 
with  the  first  drove  of  cattle  for  the  Selkirk  Set- 
tlement, and  the  next  winter  returned  with  Col. 
Robert  Dickson  and  Messrs.  Laidlow  and  ]Mac- 
kenzie. 

The  next  month,  a  party  of  Sissetons  visited 
the  Indian  Agent,  and  told  him  that  tliey  had 
started  with  another  of  the  murderers,  to  which 
reference  has  been  made,  but  that  on  the  way  he 
had,  through  fear  of  being  hioig,  killed  himself. 

This  fall,  a  mill  was  constructed  for  the  use  of 
the  garrison,  on  the  west  side  of  St.  Anthony 
Falls,under  the  supen'ision  of  Lieutenant  McCabe. 
During  the  fall,  George  Gooding,  Captain  by 
brevet,  resigned,  and  became  Sutler  at  I'rairie  du 
Chien.  He  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and 
entered  the  army  as  ensign  in  1808.  In  1810  he 
became  a  Second  Lieutenant,  and  the  next  year 
was  wounded  at  Tippecanoe. 


In  the  middle  of  October,  there  embarked  on 
the  keel-boat "  Saucy  Jack.'"  for  Prairie  du  Chieu, 
Col.  Snelling,  Lieut.  Baxley,  ^lajor  Taliaferro, 
and  Mrs.  Gooding, 

EVENTS  OF  1822   AND   1823. 

Early  in  January,  1822,  there  came  to  the  Fort 
from  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  Col.  Robert 
Dickson,  Laidlow,  a  Scotch  farmer,  the  superin- 
tendent of  Lord  Selkirk's  experimental  farm,  and 
one  Mackenzie,  on  their  way  to  Prairie  du  Chien. 
Dickson  returned  with  a  drove  of  cattle,  but 
owing  to  the  hostility  of  the  Sioux  liis  cattle  were 
scattered,  and  never  reached  Pembina. 

During  the  winter  of  1823,  Agent  Taliaferro 
was  in  Washington.  While  returning  in  March, 
he  was  at  a  hotel  in  I'ittsburg.  when  he  received 
a  note  signed  G.  C.  Beltrami,  who  was  an  Italian 
exile,  asking  permission  to  accompany  him  to  the 
Indian  territory.  He  was  tall  and  commanding 
in  appearance,  and  gentlemanly  in  bearing,  and 
Taliaferro  was  so  forcibly  impressed  as  to  accede 
to  the  request.  After  reaching  St.  Louis  they 
embarked  on  the  first  steamboat  for  the  Upper 
^Mississippi. 

It  was  named  the  Virginia,  and  was  liuilt  in 
Pittsburg,  twenty-two  feet  in  width,  and  one 
hundred  and  eighteen  feet  in  lengtli,  iu  charge  of 
a  Captain  Crawford.  It  reached  the  Fort  on  the 
tenth  of  May,  and  was  saluted  by  the  discharge 
of  cannon.  Among  the  passengers,  liesides  the 
^Vgent  and  the  Italian,  were  ^lajor  Biddle,  Lieut. 
Russell,  and  others. 

The  arrival  of  the  Virginia  is  an  era  in  the 
history  of  the  I)ahkotah  nation,  and  will  proba- 
bly be  transmitted  to  their  posterity  as  long  as 
they  exist  as  a  people.  They  say  their  sacred 
men,  the  night  before,  dreamed  of  seeing  some 
monster  of  the  waters,  which  frightened  them 
very  much. 

As  tlie  boat  neared  the  shore,  men,  women, 
and  children  behelil  with  silent  astonishment, 
supposing  that  it  was  some  enormous  water-spirit, 
coughing,  pufling  out  hot  breath,  and  splashing 
water  in  every  direction.  When  it  touched  the 
landing  their  fears  prevailed,  and  tliey  retreated 
some  distance ;  but  when  the  blowing  off  of 
steam  commenced  they  were  completely  un- 
nerved :  mothers  forgetting  their  children,  with 
streaming  hair,  sought  hiding-places  ;  chiefs,  re- 


94 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


nouncing   their  stoicism,  scampered  away   like 
affrighted  animals. 

The  peace  agreement  beteen  the  O  jib  ways  and 
Dahkotahs.  made  through  the  influence  of  Gov- 
ernor Cass,  was  of  brief  duration,  tlie  latter  be- 
ing the  first  to  violate  the  provisions. 

On  the  fourth  of  June,  Taliaferro,  the  Indian 
agent  among  the  Uahkotahs,  took  advantage  of 
the  presence  of  a  large  lunnber  of  Ojibways  to 
renew  the  agreement  for  tlie  cessation  of  hostili- 
ties. The  council  hall  of  the  agent  was  a  large 
room  of  logs,  in  which  waved  conspicuously  the 
tlag  of  the  United  SUites,  surrounded  by  British 
colors  and  medals  that  had  been  delivered  up 
from  time  to  time  by  Indian  chiefs. 

Among  the  Ualikotah  chiefs  present  were 
A\'apashaw,  Little  Crow,  and  I'enneshaw  ;  of  the 
Ojibways  there  were  Kendouswa,  Moshomene, 
and  Pasheskonoepe.  After  mutual  accusations 
and  excuses  concerning  the  infraction  of  the  pre- 
vious treaty,  the  Dahkotahs  lighted  tlie  calumet, 
they  having  been  the  first  to  infringe  upon  the 
agreement  of  1820.  After  smoking  and  jiassing 
the  pipe  of  peace  to  the  Ojibways,  who  passed 
through  the  same  formalities,  they  all  shook 
hands  as  a  pledge  of  renewed  amity. 

The  morning  after  the  council,  Flat  Mouth, 
the  distinguished  Ojibway  chief,  arrived,  who 
had  left  his  lodge  vowing  that  he  would  never  be 
at  peace  with  the  Dalikotahs.  As  he  stepped  from 
his  canoe,  Penneshaw  held  out  hisliaiid.  but  was 
repulsed  with  scorn.  Tlie  Dahkolah  warrior 
immediately  gave  the  alarm,  and  in  a  moment 
runners  were  on  their  way  to  the  neighboring 
villages  to  raise  a  war  jiarty. 

On  the  sixth  of  June,  the  Dahkotahs  had  assem- 
bled, stripped  for  a  fight,  and  surrounded  the 
Ojibways.  Tlie  latter,  fearing  tlie  worst,  con- 
cealed their  women  and  children  beliind  the  old 
barracks  wliicli  had  been  used  by  the  troops  while 
the  fort  was  beinj; erected.  At  the  solicitation  of 
the  agent  and  cdiiimaiider  of  the  furt,  the  Dahko- 
talis  desisted  Irum  an  allackaiKl  retired. 

On  the  seventh,  the  Ojibways  left  for  their 
lionies;  but,  in  a  few  hours,  while  they  were 
making  a  jiorlage  at  Falls  of  St.  Antliony,  they 
were  again  approached  liy  the  iJalikotahs,  who 
would  liave  altju.'ked  them,  if  a  detachment  of 
troops  had  not  arrived  from  the  fort. 

A  rumor  reaching  I'enneshaw's  village  that  he 


had  been  killed  at  the  falls,  his  mother  seized  an 
Ojibway  maiden,  who  had  been  a  captive  from 
infancy,  and,  with  a  tomahawk,  cut  her  in  two. 
Upon  t"lie  return  of  the  son  in  safety  he  was  much 
gratified  at  what  he  considered  the  prowess  of 
his  parent. 

On  the  third  of  July,  1823,  Major  Long,  of  the 
engineers,  arrived  at  the  fort  in  command  of  an 
expedition  to  explore  the  Minnesota  River,  and 
the  region  along  the  northern  boundary  line  of 
the  United  States.  Beltrami,  at  the  request  of 
Col.  Snelling,  was  permitted  to  be  of  the  party, 
and  Major  Taliaferro  kindly  gave  him  a  horse 
and  equipments. 

The  relations  of  the  Italian  to  Major  Long  were 
not  pleasant,  and  at  I'embiua  Beltrami  left  the 
expedition,  and  with  a  '•  bois  brule  "".  and  two 
Ojibways  proceeded  and  discovered  the  northern 
sources  of  the  Mississippi,  and  suggested  where 
the  western  sources  would  be  found  ;  which  was 
verified  by  Schoolcraft  nine  years  later.  About 
the  second  week  in  September  Beltrami  returned 
to  tlie  fort  by  way  of  the  ]Mississippi,  escorted  by 
forty  or  fifty  Ojibways,  and  on  the  2-5tli  departed 
for  New  Orleans,  where  he  published  his  discov- 
eries in  the  French  language. 

The  mill  which  was  constructed  in  1821,  for 
sawing  lumber,  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  stood 
upon  the  site  of  the  Holmes  and  Sidle  Mill,  in 
^linneapolis,  and  in  1823  was  fitted  up  for  grind- 
ing flour.  The  following  extracts  fnmi  corres- 
pondence addressed  to  Lieut.  Clark,  Commissary 
at  Fort  Snelling,  will  be  read  with  interest. 

Under  the  date  of  August  5lh,  1823,  General 
Gibson  writes :  '•  From  a  letter  addressed  by 
Col.  Snelling  to  the  Quartermaster  General, 
dated  the  2d  of  April,  I  learn  that  a  large  quan- 
tity of  wheat  would  be  raised  this  summer.  The 
assistant  Coinniissaiy  of  Subsistence  at  St.  Louis 
has  been  instrucled  to  forward  sickles  and  a  jiair 
of  millstones  to  St.  Peters.  1  f  any  flour  is  manu- 
factured from  the  wheat  raised,  be  jilcased  to  let 
me  know  asearly  as  practicable,  that  I  may  deduct 
the  quantity  manufactured  at  the  post  from  the 
(piantity  advertised  to  be  contracted  for." 

In  another  letter.  General  (iibson  writes : 
"  Below  you  will  find  the  amount  charged  on  the 
books  against  the  garrison  at  Ft.  St.  Anthony, 
for  certain  articles,  and  forwarded  for  the  use  of 
the  troops  at  that  post,  which  you  will  deduct 


FIBST  FLOUR  MILL  IN  MINNESOTA. 


95 


from  the  payments  to  be  made  for  flour  raised 
and  turned  over  to  you  for  issue  : 

One  pair  bubr  millstones §250  11 

337  pounds  plaster  of  Paris 20  22 

Two  dozen  sickles 18  00 

Total S288  33 

Upon  tbe  19tb  of  January,  1.S24,  the  General 
writes:  "  The  mode  suggested  by  Col.  Snelling, 
of  fixing  the  price  to  be  paid  to  the  troops  for  the 
flour  furnished  l)y  them  is  deemed  equitable  and 
just.  You  will  accordingly  pay  for  the  flour 
$3.33  per  ban-el." 

Charlotte  Ouisconsin  Van  Cleve,  now  the  oldest 
person  living  who  was  connected  with  the  can- 
tonment in  1819,  in  a  piiper  read  before  the  De- 
partment of  American  History  of  the  Mimiesota 
Historical  Society  in  January,  1880,  wrote  : 

'■  In  1823,  Mrs.  Snelling  and  my  mother  estab- 
lished the  first  Sunday  School  in  the  Northwest. 
It  was  held  in  the  basement  of  the  commanding 
officer's  quarters,  and  was  productive  of  much 
good.  Many  of  the  soldiers,  with  their  families, 
attended.  Joe.  Brown,  since  so  well  know  in 
this  countiy,  then  a  drummer  boy,  was  one  of 
the  pupils.  A  Bible  class,  for  the  officers  and 
their  wives,  was  formed,  and  all  became  so  inter- 
ested in  the  history  of  the  patriarchs,  that  it  fur- 
nished topics  of  conversation  for  the  week.  One 
day  after  the  Smiday  School  lesson  on  the  death  of 
Moses,  a  member  of  the  class  meeting  my  mother 
on  the  parade,  after  exchanging  t!ie  usual  greet- 
ings, said,  in  saddened  tones,  '  But  don"t  >uu  feel 
sorry  that  Moses  is  dead? ' 

Early  in  the  spring  of  1824,  the  Tully  boys 
were  rescued  from  the  Sioux  and  brouglit  to  the 
fort.  They  were  children  of  one  of  the  settlers 
of  Lord  Selkirk's  colony,  and  with  their  parents 
and  others,  were  on  their  way  from  Red  River 
Valley  to  settle  near  Fort  Snelling. 

The  party  was  attacked  by  Indians,  and  the 
parents  of  these  children  murdered,  and  the  boys 
captured.  Through  the  influence  of  Col.  Snell- 
ing the  children  were  ransomed  and  brought 
to  the  fort.  Col.  Snelling  took  John  and 
my  father  Andrew,  the  younger  of  the  two. 
Everyone  became  interested  in  the  oriihans,  and 
we  loved  Andrew  as  if  he  had  been  our  own  lit- 
tle brother.  John  died  some  two  years  after  his 
arrival  at  the  fort,  and  Mrs.  Snellmg  asked  me 


when  I  last  saw  her  If  a  tomb  stone  had  been 
placed  at  his  grave,  she  as  requested,  during  a 
visit  to  the  old  home  some  years  ago.  She  said 
she  received  a  promise  that  it  should  be  done, 
and  seemed  quite  disappointed  when  I  told  her  it 
had  not  been  attended  to." 

Andrew  Tully,  after  being  educated  at  an 
Orphan  Asylum  in  New  York  City,  became  a 
carriage  maker,  and  died  a  few  years  ago  in  that 
vicinity. 

EVENTS  OF  THi;  YEAR  A.  D.  1824. 

In  the  year  1824  the  Fort  was  visited  by  Gen. 
Scott,  on  a  tour  of  inspection,  and  at  his  sug- 
gestion, its  name  was  changed  from  Fort  St. 
Anthony  to  Fort  Snelluig.  The  following  is  an 
extract  from  his  report  to  the  War  Department : 

"  This  work,  of  which  the  War  Department  is 
in  possession  of  a  plan,  reflects  the  liighest  credit 
on  Col.  Snelling,  his  officers  and  men.  The  de- 
fenses, and  for  the  most  part,  the  public  store- 
houses, shops  and  quarters  being  constructed  of 
stone,  the  whole  is  hkely  to  endure  as  long  as  the 
post  shall  remain  a  frontier  one.  The  cost  of 
erection  to  the  government  has  been  the  amount 
paid  for  tools  and  iron,  and  tlie  per  diem  jiaid 
to  soldiers  employed  as  mechanics.  I  wish  to 
suggest  to  the  General  in  Chief,  and  through  him 
to  tlie  War  Department,  the  propriety  of  calling 
this  work  Fort  Snelling,  as  a  just  comijliment 
to  the  meritorious  officer  under  whom  it  lias 
been  erected.  The  present  name,  (Fort  St.  An- 
thony), is  foreign  to  all  our  associations,  and  is, 
besides,  geographically  incorrect,  as  the  work 
stands  at  the  jimction  of  the  Mississippi  and 
St.  Peter's  [Minnesota]  Rivers,  eight  miles  be- 
low the  gre<it  falls  of  the  ^Mississippi,  called 
after  St.  Anthony." 

In  1824,  Major  Taliaferro  proceeded  to  AVash- 
ington  with  a  delegation  of  Chippeways  and  Dah- 
kotahs,  headed  by  Little  ('row,  the  grand  father 
of  the  chief  of  the  same  name,  who  was  engaged 
in  the  late  horrible  massacre  of  defenceless 
women  and  children.  The  object  of  the  visit,  was 
to  secure  a  convocation  of  all  the  tribes  of  the 
Upper  Mississippi,  at  Prairie  du  Cliein,  to  define 
their  boimdary  lines  and  establish  friendly  rela- 
tions. When  they  reached  Prairie  du  Cheiu, 
Wahnatah,  a  Yankton  chief,  and  also  Wapashaw, 
by  the  whisperings  of  mean  traders,  became  dis- 


96 


EXPLOREES  AXD  PIONEEBS  OF  MIXNESOTA. 


siffected,  and  wisliwl  to  turn  back.  Little  Crow, 
perceiving  this,  stopped  all  liesitancy  by  the  f<il- 
lowing  speech:  "My  friends,  you  can  do  as  you 
please.  I  am  no  coward,  nor  can  my  ears  be 
pulled  about  by  evil  counsels.  We  are  here  and 
should  go  on.  and  do  some  good  for  our  nation. 
I  have  taken  our  Father  here  (Taliaferro)  by  the 
coat  tail,  and  will  follow  him  until  I  take  by  the 
hand,  our  great  American  Father." 

■\Vhile  on  board  of  a  steamer  on  the  Ohio 
River.  Marcpee  or  the  Cloud,  in  ronsequence  of  a 
bad  dream,  jumped  from  the  stern  of  the  boat, 
and  was  supposed  to  be  dro\«ied.  but  he  swam 
ashore  and  made  his  way  to  St.  Charles,  Mo., 
there  to  l)e  murdered  by  some  Sacs.  The  re- 
mainder safely  arrixed  in  Washmgton  and  ac- 
complished the  object  of  the  visit.  The  Dahko- 
tahs  returned  by  way  of  New  York,  and  while 
there  were  anxious  to  pay  a  visit  to  certain  par- 
ties with  Wni.  Dickson,  a  half-breed  son  of  Col 
Robert  Dickson,  the  trader,  who  in  the  war  of 
1812-1.5  led  the  Indians  of  the  Xorthwest  against 
the  United  States. 

After  this  visit  Litlle  Crow  carriccl  a  new 
double-barreled  gun,  and  said  that  a  medicine 
man  by  the  name  of  Peters  gave  it  to  him  for 
signing  a  certain  jiaper,  and  that  he  also  ])n)m- 
ised  he  would  scud  a  keel-boat  full  of  goods  to 
tliem.  The  medicine  man  referred  to  was  the 
Rev.  Samuel  I'eters,  an  Ejiiscopal  clergyman, 
wlio  had  made  himself  obnoxious  during  tlic 
Revolution  b\  his  tory  sentiments,  and  was  sidj- 
sequently  nominated  as  Bishop  of  ^'ermont. 

Peters  asserted  that  in  ISOO  he  had  iiurchased 
of  the  heirs  of  .lonathan  Carver  the  right  to  a 
tract  of  L.nd  on  tlic  upjier  Missi.ssippi,  embracing 
St.  Paul,  alleged  to  liave  been  gi\cu  to  Carver  by 
the  Dahkotidis.  in  I'liT. 

Tlie  next  year  Uicic  arrived,  inoueof  the  keel- 
boats  from  I'rairie  du  Chien,  at  Fort  SncUing  a 
box  marked  Col.  Robert  Dickson.  On  opening,  it 
was  found  to  contain  a  few  i)resents  from  Peters 
to  Dickson's  Indian  wife,  a  long  letter,  and  a 
copy  of  Car\'er"a  alleged  grant,  written  on  i)arch- 
ment. 

EVENTS  or   TIIK  Yl:.\RS  1S12.')  AST)  1826. 

On  the  30tli  of  October,  lK2o,  seven  Indian 
women  in  canoes,  were  drawn  into  the  rai)ids 
above  the  Falls  nl'  SI.  .\nthony.    All  were  saved 


but  a  lame  girl,  wlio  was  dashed  over  the  cata- 
ract, and  a  month  later  her  body  was  found  at 
Pike's  Island  in  front  of  the  fort. 

Forty  years  ago,  the  means  of  communication 
between  Fort  Snelling  and  the  civilized  world 
were  very  limited.  The  mail  in  winter  was  usu- 
ally carried  by  soldiers  to  Prairie  du  (^hien.  On 
the  26th  of  January,  1826,  there  was  great  joy  in 
the  fort,  caused  by  the  return  from  furlough  ot 
Lieutenants  Baxley  and  Russell,  who  brought 
with  them  the  first  mail  received  for  five  months. 
About  this  period  there  was  also  another  excite- 
ment, cause  by  the  seizure  of  liquors  in  the  trad" 
ing  house  of  Alexis  Bailey,  at  Xew  Hope,  now 
-Mendota. 

During  the  months  of  February  and  ^larch.  in 
this  year,  snow  fell  to  the  depth  of  two  or  three 
feet,  and  there  was  great  suffering  among  the 
Indians.  ( )u  one  occasion,  thirty  lodges  of  Sisse- 
ton  and  other  Sioux  were  overtakeii  by  a  snow- 
storm on  a  large  prairie.  The  storm  continued 
for  three  days,  and  jirovisions  grew  scarce,  for 
the  party  were  seventy  in  number.  At  last,  the 
stronger  men,  with  the  few  pairs  of  snow-shoes 
in  their  possession,  started  for  a  trading  post  one 
lunidred  miles  distant.  They  reached  their  des- 
tination half  alive,  and  the  traders  sympathizing 
sent  four  Canadians  with  supplies  for  those  left 
behind.  After  great  toil  they  reached  the  scene 
of  distress,  and  foimd  many  dead,  and.  what  was 
more  horrible,  the  living  feeding  on  the  corpses 
(if  their  relatives.  .V  mother  had  eaten  her  dead 
child  and  a  jiortiou  of  her  own  father's  arms. 
The  shock  to  her  nervous  system  was  so  great 
that  she  lost  her  reason.  Her  name  was  Pash- 
uno-ta,  and  she  was  Imlli  yiunig  and  good  look- 
ing. One  day  in  Septcuilicr,  while  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing, she  asked  Cai)tain  Jouett  if  he  knew  which 
was  the  best  portion  of  a  man  to  eat,  at  the  same 
time  taking  him  by  the  collar  of  his  coat.  He 
replied  witli  great  astonishment,  "No!"  and  she 
then  said,  "Tlie  arms."  She  then  asked  for  a 
piece  of  his  servant  to  eat,  as  she  was  nice  and 
fat.  A  few  days  after  this  she  dashed  hereelf 
from  the  blulTs  near  Fort  Snelling,  into  the  river. 
Iler  bocly  was  fouiul  just  above  the  mouth  of  the 
^Minnesota,  and  decently  interred  by  the  agent. 

The  spring  of  1H26  was  very  ba<-kward.  On 
the  2(ith  of  March  snow  fell  to  the  dciith  of  one 
or  one  and   a  half  feet  nn  a  li'\cl,  and    drifted  in 


NEGRO  SLAVES  AT  FORT  SNELLINQ. 


01 


heaps  from  six  to  fifteen  feet  in  height.  On  the 
Stli  of  April,  early  in  the  day,  there  was  a  violent 
storm,  and  the  ice  was  still  thick  in  the  river. 
During  the  storm  flashes  of  lightning  were  seen 
and  thnnder  heard.  On  the  10th,  the  thermome- 
ter was  four  degrees  above  zero.  On  the  14th 
there  was  rain,  and  on  the  next  day  the  St.  Peter 
river  broke  up,  but  the  ice  on  the  Mississippi  re- 
mained firm.  On  the  21st,  at  noon,  the  ice  began 
to  move,  and  carried  away  Mr.  Faribault's  houses 
on  the  east  side  of  the  river.  For  several  days 
the  river,  was  twenty  feet  above  low  water  mark, 
and  all  the  houses  on  low  lands  were  swept  off. 
On  the  second  of  May,  the  steamboat  T^awTenee, 
Captain  Reeder,  arrived. 

Major  Taliaferro  had  inherited  several  slaves, 
which  he  used  to  hire  to  officers  of  the  garrison. 
On  the  31st  of  March,  his  negro  boy,  WilUam, 
was  employed  by  Col.  Snelling,  the  latter  agree- 
ing to  clothe  him.  About  this  time,  'William  at- 
tempted to  shoot  a  hawk,  but  instead  shot  a  small 
boy,  named  Henry  Cullum,  and  nearly  killed  him. 
In  May,  Captain  Plympton,  of  the  Fifth  Infantry, 
wished  to  purchase  his  negro  woman,  Eliza,  but 
he  refused,  as  it  was  his  intention,  ultimately,  to 
free  his  slaves.  Another  of  his  negro  girls,  Har- 
riet, was  married  at  the  fort,  the  Major  perform- 
ing the  ceremony,  to  the  now  historic  Dred  Scott, 
who  was  then  a  slave  of  Surgeon  Emerson.  The 
only  person  that  ever  purchased  a  slave,  to  retain 
in  slavery,  was  Alexis  Bailly,  who  bought  a  man 
of  Major  Garland.  The  Sioux,  at  first,  hud  no 
prejudices  against  negroes.  They  called  them 
"  Black  Frenchmen,"  and  placing  their  hands  on 
their  woolly  heads  would  laugh  heartily. 

Tie  following  is  a  list  of  the  steamboats  that 
had  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling,  up  to  ^Nlay  26, 1826  : 

1  Virginia,  May  10,  1823  ;  2  Xeville  ;  3  Put- 
nam, April  2, 1825 ;  3  ^landan ;  5  Indiana ;  6  Law- 
rence, May  2,  1826  ;  7  Sciota ;  8  EcUpse ;  9  Jo- 
sephine ;  10  Fulton;  11  Red  Rover;  12  Black 
Rover;  13  Warrior;  14  Enterprise;  15  Volant. 

Life  within  the  walls  of  a  fort  is  sometimes  the 
exact  contrast  of  a  paradise.  In  the  year  1826  a 
Pandora  box  was  opened,  among  the  officers,  and 
dissensions  began  to  prevail.  One  young  officer, 
a  graduate  of  West  Point,  whose  father  had  been 
a  professor  in  Princeton  College,  fought  a  duel 
with,  and  slightly  wounded,  William  Joseph,  the 
talsnted  son  of  Colonel  SneUing,  who  was  then 
7 


twenty-two  years  of  age,  and  had  been  three  years 
at  West  Point.  At  a  Court  Martial  convened  to 
try  the  officer  for  violating  the  xVrticles  of  War, 
the  accused  objected  to  the  testimony  of  Lieut. 
William  Alexander,  a  Tennesseean,  not  a  gradu- 
ate of  the  ^lilitary  Academy,  on  the  ground  that 
he  was  an  infidel.  Alexander,  hurt  by  this  allu- 
sion, challenged  the  objector,  and  another  duel 
was  fought,  resulting  only  in  sUght  injuries  to 
the  clothing  of  the  combatants.  Inspector  Gen- 
eral E.  P.  Games,  after  this,  visited  the  fort,  and 
in  his  report  of  the  inspection  he  wrote:  "A 
defect  in  the  discipline  of  this  regiment  has  ap- 
peared in  the  character  of  certain  personal  con- 
troversies, between  the  Colonel  and  several  of  his 
young  officers,  the  particulars  of  which  I  forbear 
to  enter  into,  assured  as  I  am  that  they  will  be 
developed  in  the  proceedings  of  a  general  court 
martial  ordered  for  the  trial  of  Lieutenant  Hun- 
ter and  other  officers  at  Jefferson  Barracks. 

"  From  a  conversation  with  the  Colonel  I  can 
have  no  doubt  that  he  has  erred  in  the  course 
pursued  by  him  in  reference  to  some  of  the  con- 
troversies, inasmuch  as  he  has  intimated  to  his 
officers  his  willingness  to  sanction  in  certain  cases, 
and  even  to  participate  in  personal  conflicts,  con- 
trary to  the  twenty-fifth,  Article  of  War."' 

The  Colonel's  son,  William  Joseph,  after  this 
passed  several  years  among  traders  and  Indians, 
and  became  distinguished  as  a  poet  and  brUUant 
autlior. 

His  "Tales  of  the  Northwest,"  published  in 
Boston  in  1820,  by  Ililliard,  Gray,  Little  &  Wil- 
kins,  is  a  work  of  great  literary  ability,  and  Catlin 
thought  the  book  was  the  mostfaitliful  pictureof 
Indian  Ufe  he  had  read.  Some  of  his  poems  were 
also  of  a  high  order.  One  of  his  pieces,  deficient 
in  dignity,  was  a  caustic  satire  upon  modern 
American  poets,  and  was  published  under  the 
title  of  "  Truth,  a  Gift  for  Scribblers." 

Natlianiel  P.  Willis,  who  had  winced  mider 
the  last,  wrote  the  following  lampoon  : 
"  Oh,  smelling  Joseph  I  Thou  art  like  a  cur. 

I'm  told  thou  once  did  live  by  hunting  fur  : 

Of  bigger  dogs  thou  smellest,  and,  in  sooth, 

Of  one  extreme,  perhaps,  can  tell  the  truth. 

'Tis  a  wise  shift,  and  shows  tliou  know'st  thy 
I)owers, 

To  leave  the  '  Xortli  AVest  tales,'  and  take  to 
smelling  ours." 


98 


EXPLOREBS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


In  1832  a  second  edition  of  "  Truth  "  appeared 
•with  additions  and  emendations.  In  this  ap- 
peared the  following  pasquinade  upon  WilLis  : 

'■I  live  by  bunting  fur,  thou  say'st,  so  let  it  be, 
But  tell  me,  Natty  I    Had  I  hunted  Ihee, 
Had  not  my  time  been  thrown  away,  young  sir, 
And  eke  my  powder  ?  Puppies  have  no  fur. 

Our  tails  V  Thou  owniest  thee  to  a  tail, 
I've  scanned  thee  o'er  and  o'er 
But.  though  I  guessed  the  species  right, 
I  was  not  sure  before. 

Our  savages,  authentic  travelers  say, 
To  natural  fools,  religious  liomage  pay, 
Eadst  thou  been  born  in  wigwam's  smoke,  and 

died  in, 
Nat !  thine  apotheosis  had  been  certain." 

Snelling  died  at  Chelsea,  Mass.,  December  six- 
teenth, 1848,  a  victim  to  the  appetite  w  hich  en- 
enslaved  Bobert  Burns. 

In  the  year  lS2f3.  a  small  party  of  Ojibways 
(Chippeways)  came  to  see  the  Indian  Agent, 
and  three  of  them  ventured  to  visit  tlie  Colum- 
bia Fur  Company's  trading  liouse,  two  miles 
from  the  Fort.  While  there,  they  became 
aware  of  their  danger,  and  desired  two  of  the 
white  men  attached  to  the  establishment  to 
accompany  them  Ijacli,  thinking  that  their  pres- 
ence might  be  some  protection.  They  were  in 
error.  As  they  passed  a  little  copse,  three  Dah- 
kotahs  sjirangfrom  behind  alogwith  the  speed  of 
light,  lired  tlicir  pieces  into  the  face  <>f  the  fore- 
most, and  then  fled.  The  guns  must  have  been 
double  loaded,  for  the  man's  liead  was  literally 
blown  from  his  shoulders,  and  his  white  com- 
panions were  spattered  with  brains  and  blood. 
The  survivors  gained  the  Fort  without  further 
molestation.  Their  comrade  was  buried  on  the 
spot  where  lie  fell.  A  staff  was  set  up  on  liis 
grave,  wliich  became  a  landmark,  and  received 
the  name  of  The  Murder  Pole.  The  murderers 
boasted  of  their  achievement  and  with  impunity. 
They  and  their  tribe  thought  tliat  they  had  struck 
a  fair  blow  on  their  ancient  enemies,  in  a  becom- 
ing manner.  It  was  only  said,  lliat  Toopunkah 
Zeze  of  the  village  of  the  linlture  aux  FiciTit:, 
and  two  others,  had  each  acquire<l  a  riglit  to 
■wear  skunk  skins  on  their  heels  and  war-eagles' 
feathers  on  their  heads. 


EVENTS  OF  A.   D.   1827. 

On  the  twenty-eighth  of  May,  1827,  the  Ojib- 
way  chief  at  Sandy  Lake,  Kee-wee-zais-hish 
called  by  the  English,  Flat  Mouth  with  seven 
warriors  and  some  womer.  and  children,  in  all 
amoiuiling  to  twenty-four,  arrived  about  sunrise 
at  Fort  Snelling.  "Walking  to  the  gates  of  the 
.^  rison,  they  asked  the  protection  of  Colonel 
Snelling  and  Taliaferro,  the  Indian  agent.  They 
were  told,  that  as  long  as  they  remained  under 
the  United  States  flag,  they  were  secure,  and 
were  ordered  to  encanii)  within  musket  shot  of 
the  high  stone  walls  of  the  fort. 

During  the  afternoon,  aDahkotah,  Toopunkah 
Zeze,  from  a  village  near  the  first  rapids  of  the 
^Minnesota,  visited  the  Ojibway  camp.  They 
were  cordially  received,  and  a  feast  of  meat  and 
com  and  sugar,  was  soon  made  ready.  The 
wooden  plates  emptied  of  their  contents,  they 
engaged  in  conversation,  and  whiffed  the  peace 
pipe. 

That  night,  some  officers  and  their  friends  were 
spending  a  pleasant  evening  at  the  head-quarters 
of  Captain  Clark,  which  was  in  one  of  the  stone 
houses  which  used  to  stand  outside  of  the  walls 
of  the  f(U'l.  As  Cajitaiu  Cruger  was  walking  on 
the  porch,  a  bullet  whizzed  by.  ami  rajiid  firing 
was  heard. 

As  the  Dahkotahs,  or  Sioux,  left  the  Ojibway 
camp,  notwithstanding  their  friendly  talk,  they 
tupneil  and  discharged  their  guns  with  deadly  aim 
upon  their  entertainers,  and  ran  oft  with  a  sluuit 
of  satisfaction.  The  report  was  heard  by  the 
sentinel  of  the  fort,  and  he  cried,  repeatedly, 
'■  Corporal  of  the  guard  !''  and  soon  at  the  gates, 
were  the  Ojibways,  with  their  women  and  the 
wounded,  telling  their  tale  of  woe  in  wild  and  in- 
coherent language.  Two  had  been  killed  and  six 
wounded.  Among  others,  was  a  little  girl  about 
seven  years  old,  who  was  pierced  through  both 
thighs  with  r.  bullet.  Surgeon  AIcMahon  made 
every  effort  to  save  her  life,  but  without  avail. 

Flat  ^loulh,  the  chief,  remimled  Colonel  Snel- 
ling "that  he  had  been  attacked  while  under  the 
]irotection  of  the  Ignited  States  flag,  and  early  the 
next  ninniiiig,  Caiitain  Clark,  \\ith  one  hundred 
soldier:-,  jiroceeded  towards  hand's  Knd,  a  tra- 
iling-po.st  of  the  Columbia  Fur  Company,  on  the 
iliunesota,  a  mile  above  the  former  residence  of 


TRAGIC  SCENE  UNDER  THE  WALLS  OF  THE  FORT. 


99 


Franklin  Steele,  where  tlie  Dabkotahs  were  sup- 
posed to  be.  The  soldiers  had  just  left  the  large 
gate  of  the  fort,  when  a  party  of  Dahkotahs,  in 
battle  array,  appeared  on  one  of  the  prairie 
hills.  After  some  parleying  they  turned  their 
backs,  and  being  pursued,  thirty-two  were  cap- 
tured near  the  trading-post. 

Colonel  Snelling  ordered  the  prisoners  to  be 
brought  before  the  Ojibways,  and  two  being 
pointed  out  as  participants  in  tlie  slaughter  of  the 
preceding  night,  they  were  delivered  to  the 
aggrieved  party  to  deal  with  in  accordance  with 
their  customs.  They  were  led  out  to  the  plain 
in  front  of  the  gate  of  tlie  fort,  and  when  placed 
nearly  without  the  range  of  tlie  Ojibway  guns, 
they  were  told  to  run  for  their  lives.  With  tlie 
rapidity  of  deer  they  bounded  away,  but  the  Ojib- 
way bullet  Hew  faster,  and  after  a  few  steps,  they 
fell  gasping  on  the  ground,  and  were  soon  lifeless. 
Tlien  the  savage  nature  displayed  itself  in  all  its 
hideousness.  Women  and  children  danced  for 
joy,  and  placing  their  fingers  in  tlie  bullet  holes, 
from  which  the  blood  oozed,  they  licked  them 
with  deliglit.  The  men  tt)re  tlie  scalps  from  the 
dead,  and  seemed  to  luxuriate  in  the  privilege  of 
plunging  their  knives  through  the  corjises.  After 
the  execution,  the  Ojibways  returned  to  the  fort, 
and  were  met  by  the  Colonel.  He  had  prevented 
all  over  whom  his  authority  extended  from  wit- 
nessing the  scene,  and  had  done  his  best  to  con- 
fine the  excitement  to  the  Indians.  The  same 
day  a  deputation  of  Dahkotah  warriors  received 
audience,  regretting  the  violence  that  had  been 
done  by  their  yomig  men,  and  agreeing  to  deliver 
up  the  ringleaders. 

At  the  time  appointed,  a  son  of  Flat  Mouth, 
with  those  of  the  Ojibwa  party  that  were  not 
wounded,  escorted  by  United  States  troops, 
marched  forth  to  meet  the  Dalikotah  deputation, 
on  the  prame  just  beyond  the  old  residence  of 
the  Indian  agent.  With  much  solemnity  two 
more  of  the  guilty  were  handed  over  to  the 
assaulted.  One  was  fearless,  and  with  firmness 
stripped  himself  of  his  clothing  and  ornaments, 
and  distributed  them.  The  other  could  not  face 
death  with  composure.  He  was  noted  for  a  hid- 
eous hare-lip,  and  had  a  bad  reputation  among 
his  fellows.  In  the  spirit  of  a  coward  he  prayed 
for  life,  to  the  mortification  of  his  tribe.  The 
same  opportunity  was  presented  to  them  as  to  the 


first,  of  running  for  their  lives.  At  the  first  fire 
the  coward  fell  a  corpse;  but  his  brave  compan- 
ion, thoujli  wounded,  ran  on,  and  had  nearly 
reached  the  goal  of  safety,  when  a  second  liullet 
killed  him.  The  body  of  the  coward  now  became 
a  common  object  of  loathing  for  both  Dahkotahs 
and  Ojibways. 

Colonel  Snelling  told  the  Ojibways  that  the 
bodies  must  lie  removed,  and  then  they  took  tlie 
scalped  Dahkotahs,  and  dragging  tliem  by  the 
heels,  threw  them  off  the  bluff  into  the  river,  a 
hundred  and  fifty  feet  beneath.  The  dreadful 
scene  was  now  over ;  and  a  detaclimeiit  of  troops 
was  sent  with  the  old  chief  Flat  ^Mouth,  to  escort 
him  out  of  the  reach  of  Dahkotah  vengeance. 

An  eyewitness  wrote  :  "  After  tliis  catastrophe, 
all  the  Dahkotahs  quitted  tlie  vicinity  of  Fort  Snel- 
ling, and  did  not  return  to  it  for  some  months. 
It  was  said  that  they  formed  a  conspiracy  to  de- 
mand a  council,  and  kill  the  Indian  Agent  and 
the  commanding  officer.  If  this  was  a  fact,  they 
had  no  opportmiity,  or  wanted  the  spirit,  to  exe- 
cute their  purpose. 

'•  The  Flat  Mouth's  band  lingered  in  the  fort 
till  their  wounded  comrade  died.  He  was  sensi- 
ble of  his  condition,  and  bore  his  pains  with  great 
fortitude.  When  he  felt  his  end  approach,  he 
desired  that  his  horse  might  be  gaily  caparisoned, 
and  brought  to  the  hospital  window,  so  that  he 
might  touch  the  animal.  He  then  took  from  his 
medicine  bag  a  large  cake  of  maple  sugar,  and  held 
it  forth.  It  may  seeui  strange,  but  it  is  true,  tliat 
the  beast  ate  it  from  his  hand.  His  features 
were  radiant  with  delight  as  he  fell  back  on  the 
pillow  exhausted.  Ilis  horse  had  eaten  the  sugar, 
he  said,  and  he  was  sure  of  a  favorable  reception 
and  comfortable  quarters  in  the  other  world. 
Half  an  hour  after,  he  breathed  his  last.  We 
tried  to  discover  the  details  of  his  superstiticm, 
but  could  not  succeed.  It  is  a  suliject  on  which 
Indians  unwillingly  discourse." 

In  the  fall  of  lS2(i,  all  the  troops  at  Prairie  du 
Chien  had  been  removed  to  Fort  Snelling,  the 
commander  taking  with  him  two  Winnebagoes 
that  had  been  confined  in  Fort  Crawford.  After 
the  soldiers  left  the  Prairie,  the  Indians  in  the 
vicinity  were  quite  insDleul. 

In  Jime,  1827,  two  keel-boats  passed  I'rairie  du 
Chien  on  the  way  to  Fort  Snelling  with  provis- 
ions.    When  they  reached  Wapashaw  village,  on 


100 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA.. 


the  site  of  the  present  town  of  Winona,  the  crew 
were  orderetl  to  come  ashore  by  the  Dahkotahs. 
Complying,  they  found  themselves  surrounded  by 
Indians  with  hostile  intentions.  Tlie  boatmen 
had  no  fire-arms,  but  assuming  a  bold  mien  and  a 
defiant  voice,  the  captain  of  the  keel-boats  ordered 
the  savages  to  leave  the  decks ;  which  was  suc- 
cessful, The  boats  pushed  on,  and  at  Red  Wing 
and  Kaposia  the  Indians  showed  that  they  were 
not  friendly,  though  they  did  not  molest  the 
boats.  Before  they  started  on  their  return  from 
Fort  Snelling,  the  men  on  board,  amounting  to 
thirty-two.  were  all  provided  with  muskets  and  a 
barrel  of  ball  cartridges. 

When  the  descending  keel-boats  passed  Wapa- 
shaw,  the  Dahkotas  were  engaged  in  the  war 
dance,  and  menaced  them,  but  made  no  attack. 
IJelow  this  point  one  of  the  boats  moved  in  ad- 
vance of  the  other,  and  when  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Bad  Axe,  the  half-breeds  on  board  descried 
hostile  Indians  on  the  banks.  As  the  channel 
neared  the  shore,  the  sixteen  men  on  the  first 
boat  were  greeted  with  the  war  whoop  and  a  vol- 
ley of  rifle  balls  from  the  e.xciled  Winnebagoes. 
killing  two  of  the  crew.  Rushing  into  their  ca- 
noes, the  Indians  made  the  attempt  to  board  the 
boat,  and  two  were  successful.  One  of  these 
stationed  himself  at  the  bow  of  the  boat,  and 
fired  with  killing  effect  on  the  men  below  deck. 
An  old  soldier  of  the  last  war  with  (Jreat  Britain, 
called  Saucy  Jack,  at  last  despatched  him,  and 
began  to  rally  the  fainting  spirits  on  board.  Du- 
ring the  fight  the  boat  had  stuck  on  a  sand-bar. 
With  four  companions,  amid  a  shower  of  balls 
from  the  savages,  he  ]ilunged  into  the  water  and 
j)nslied  (iff  the  boat,  and  thus  moved  out  of  reach 
of  the  galling  shots  of  the  \Vinnebagoes.  As 
they  floated  dowii  the  river  during  the  night, 
they  heard  a  wail  in  a  canoe  behind  them,  the 
voice  of  a  father  ninuniing  the  death  of  the  son 
who  iiad  scaled  the  deck,  and  was  now  a  corpse 
in  possession  of  the  white  men.  The  rear  boat 
passed  the  Bad  Axe  river  late  in  the  night,  and 
escaped  an  attiwk. 

The  first  keel-lwat  arrived  at  Prairie  du  Chein. 
with  two  of  their  crew  dead,  four  wounded,  and 
the  Indian  tliat  had  been  killed  on  the  biiat.  The 
two  dead  men  had  lieen  residents  of  the  Prairie, 
and  now  the  panic  was  increased.  On  the  morn- 
ing of  the  twenty-eighth  of    June    the  second 


keel -boat  appeared,  and  among  her  passengers 
was  Joseph  Snelling,  the  talented  son  of  the 
colonel,  who  wrote  a  story  of  deep  uiterest,  based 
on  the  facts  narrated. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  citizens  it  was  resolved  to 
repair  old  Fort  Crawford,  and  Thomas  McXair 
was  appointed  captahi.  Dirt  was  thrown  around 
the  bottem  logs  of  the  fortification  to  prevent  its 
being  fired,  and  young  Snelling  was  put  in  com- 
mand of  one  of  the  block-houses.  On  the  next 
day  a  voyageur  named  Lover,  and  the  well-known 
trader  Duncan  Graham,  started  through  the  in- 
terior, west  of  the  Mississippi,  with  intelligence 
of  the  murders,  to  Fort  Snelling.  Intelligence 
of  this  attack  was  received  at  the  fort,  on  the 
evening  of  the  ninth  of  July,  and  Col.  Snelling 
started  in  keel  boats  with  foiu-  companies  to  Fort 
Crawford,  and  on  the  seventeenth  four  more 
companies  left  under  Major  Fowle.  After  an 
absence  of  six  weeks,  the  soldiers,  without  firing 
a  gun  at  the  enemy,  returned. 

A  few  weeks  after  the  attack  npon  the  keel 
boats  General  Gaines  inspected  the  Fort,  and, 
subsequently  in  a  communication  to  the  War 
Dejiartment  wrote  as  follows; 

"  The  main  points  of  defence  against  an  enemy 
appear  to  have  been  in  some  respects  sacrificed, 
in  the  effort  to  secure  the  comfort  and  conven- 
ience of  troops  in  peace.  These  are  important 
considerations,  but  on  an  exposed  frontier  the 
primary  object  ought  to  be  security  against  the 
attack  of  an  enemy. 

'•  The  l)uildings  are  too  laige,  too  numerous, 
and  extending  over  a  space  entirely  too  great, 
enclosing  a  large  ))arade.  five  times  greater  than 
is  at  all  (lesireable  in  that  climate.  The  build- 
ings for  the  most  part  seem  well  constructed,  of 
good  stone  and  other  materials,  and  they  contain 
every  desirable  convenience,  comfort  and  securi- 
ty as  barracks  and  store  houses. 

"  The  work  may  be  rendered  very  strong  and 
adapted  to  a  garrison  of  two  hundred  men  by  re- 
moving one-half  the  buildings,  and  with  the  ma- 
terials of  which  they  are  constructed,  building  a 
tower  sufldciently  high  to  command  the  hill  be- 
tween the  Mississiiipi  and  St.  Peter's  [Minnesota], 
and  by  a  block  house  on  the  extreme  ])oint,  or 
brow  of  tlie  difi',  near  the  commandant's (luarlers, 
to  secure  most  effectually  the  banks  of  the  river, 
and  the  boats  at  the  landing. 


DEATH  OF  COL.  JOSIAR  SNELLING. 


101 


"  Much  credit  is  due  to  Colonel  Snelling,  his 
officers  and  men,  for  their  immense  labors  and 
excellent  workmanship  exliiliited  in  the  construc- 
tion of  these  barracks  and  store  houses,  but  this 
has  been  effected  too  much  at  the  expense  of  the 
discipline  of  the  regiment." 

From  reports  made  from  1823  to  1826,  the  health 
of  the  troops  was  good.  In  the  year  ending  Sep- 
tember thirty,  1823,  there  were  but  two  deaths  ; 
in  1824  only  six,  and  in  182-5  but  seven. 

lu  182,i  there  were  three  desertions,  in  1824 
twenty-two,  and  in  1825  twenty-nine.  Most  of 
the  deserters  were  fresh  recruits  and  natives  of 
America,  Ten  of  the  deserters  were  foreigners, 
and  five  of  these  were  bom  in  Ireland.  In  1826 
there  were  eight  companies  nimiberuig  two  liun- 


dred  and  fourteen  soldiers  quartered  in  the  Fort- 
During  the  fall  of  1827  the  Fifth  Regiment  was 
relieved  by  a  part  of  the  First,  and  the  next  year 
Colonel  Snelling  proceeded  to  Wasliington  on  bus- 
iness, where  he  died  with  inflammation  of  the 
brain.  Major  General  Macomb  aimouncing  liis 
death  in  an  order,  wrote  : 

"  Colonel  Snelling  joined  the  army  in  early 
youth.  In  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe,  he  was 
distinguished  for  galhmtry  and  good  conduct. 
Subsequently  and  during  the  whole  late  war  with 
Great  Britain,  from  the  battle  of  Brownstown  to 
the  termination  of  the  contest,  he  was  actively 
emyiloyed  in  the  field,  with  credit  to  himself,  and 
honor  to  his  country." 


102 


EXl'LOBEBS  AXV  nOXEEliS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


CHAPTER    XVII. 

■a 
OCCUURENCES  ]X    inE  VICINITY  OF  FOKT  SNELLING,  CONTINTED. 


ArrlVAl  of  J.  N.  Nici>llrl~H«rTiBgp  of  James  Wells— Nicollrt's  letter  from  FalU- 
of  St.  Anthony— Perils  of  Martin  MiLi-od- Cliippi^wiiy  treachery- Sioux  Re 
vcDge — Rum  River  and  Stillwater  h^ittlo— (Jrog  shops  iinir  the  Fort. 

On  the  second  of  July  1836,  the  stccimboat 
Sahit  Peter  landed  suiiiilics,  and  among  its 
passengers  was  the  distinguished  French  as- 
tronomer, Jean  N.  Nicollet  (Nicoky).  ilajnr 
Taliaferro  on  the  twelfth  of  July,  wrote ; 
"Mr.  Nicollet,  on  a  visit  to  the  jiost  for  scientilic 
research,  and  at  present  in  my  family,  has  shown 
me  the  late  work  of  Henry  K.  Schoolcraft  on  the 
discovery  of  the  source  of  the  Mississippi ;  which 
claim  is  ridiculous  in  tlie  extreme."  On  the 
twenty-seventh,  Nicollet  ascended  the  Mississippi 
on  a  tour  of  observation. 

James  Wells,  a  trader,  who  afterwards  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature,  at  the  house  of  Oliver 
Cratte,  near  the  fort,  was  married  on  the  twelfth 
of  September,  by  Agent  Taliaferro,  to  Jane,  a 
daughter  of  Duncan  (iraham.  AVells  was  killed 
in  18G:i,  by  the  Sionx.  at  the  time  of  the  massacre 
in  the  Minnesota  Valley. 

Nicollet  in  September  returned  from  his  trip 
to  Leech  Lake,  and  on  the  twenty-se\eiilh  wrote 
the  following  to  Major  Taliaferro  the  Indian 
Agent  at  the  fort,  which  is  supposed  to  be  the 
earliest  letter  extant  written  from  the  nite  of  the 
city  of  Minneapolis.  As  the  principal  hotel  and 
one  of  the  finest  avenues  of  that  city  bears  his 
name  it  is  worthy  of  preservation.  He  spelled 
his  name  sometimes  Nicoley.  and  the  luonuncia- 
tion  in  English,  wmild  be  Xicolay,  the  same  as 
if  written  Nicollet  in  French.  Tire  letter  shows 
that  he  had  not  mastered  tlie  English  language  : 
"St.  Antikjny's  Falls,  liTtli  September,  ls:j(>. 

Dkau  Fkiend:— I  arrived  last  evening  about 
dark;  all  well,  nothing  lost,  nothing  broken, 
happy  and  a  vei7  successful  journey.  Hut  I 
done  exhausted,  and  nothing  can  reUeve  me,  but 
the  pleasure  of  meeting  ymi  again  under  your 
hospitable  roof,  and  to  .see  all  the  friends  of  the 
garri.son  who  have  been  .so  kind  to  me. 


"  This  letter  is  more  particularly  to  give  you 
a  very  extraordinary  tide.  Flat  JSIouth.  the  chief 
of  Leech  Lake  and  suite,  ten  in  nmnber  are  with 
me.  The  day  before  yesterday  I  met  them  again 
at  Swan  river  where  they  detained  me  one  day. 
I  had  to  bear  a  new  harangue  and  gave  answer. 
All  terminated  by  their  own  resolution  that  they 
ought  to  give  you  the  hand,  as  well  as  to  the 
Guinas  of  the  Fort  (Colonel  Davenport.)  I 
thought  it  my  duty  to  acquaint  you  with  it  be- 
forehand. Peace  or  war  are  at  stake  of  the  visit 
tlies  iiay  you".  Please  give  them  a  good  welcome 
until  1  have  reported  to  you  and  Colonel  Daven- 
port all  that  has  taken  place  dm'iug  my  stay 
among  the  Pillagers.  15ut  be  assured  I  have  not 
Iresjiassed  and  that  I  have  behaved  as  would 
have  done  a  good  citizen  of  the  U.  S.  As  to 
Schoolcraft's  statement  alluding  to  you,  you  will 
liave  full  and  complete  satisfaction  from  Flat 
Mouth   himself.     In    haste,   your   fiieml.   .1.   N. 

XlCOLEV."" 

events  ok  a.  d.  1837. 

On  the  seventeenth  of  March.  1837,  there  ar- 
rived .Martin  ^McLeod,  who  became  a  prominent 
citizen  of  Minnesota,  and  the  legislature  has 
given  his  name  to  a  county. 

lie  left  the  Red  Hiver  country  on  snow  .shoes, 
Willi  two  companions,  one  a  Polander  and  the 
other  an  Irishman  iiameil  Hays,  and  Pierre  Bot- 
tineau as  iiilcrpreter.  Itcing  lost  in  a  violent 
siiiiw  stdiiii  the  l'(ili';ni(l  Irisliniaii  pcrislied.  He 
and  his  giiiile.  liiiltineau.  lived  for  a  time  on  the 
Ilesli  of  one  of  their  dogs.  After  being  twenty- 
six  days  without  .seeing  any  one.  the  survivoi-s 
reachetl  tlie  trading  post  of  Joseipji  \\.  ISrown.  at 
Lake  Traver.se,  and  from  thence  tliey  came  to 
the  f.irt. 

i:vicnts  ok  a.  i>.  1838. 
In  tlie  niiiiitli  of  ,\i)ril,  eleven  Sioux  were  slain 
in  a  (laslanllN    manner,  by  a  party  of  Ojibways, 


INDIAN  BATTLES  AT  BUM  BIVER  AND  STILLWATER. 


103 


under  the  noted  and  elder  Hole-in-the-Day.  The 
Chippeways  feigned  the  warmest  friendship,  and 
at  dark  lay  do^sii  in  the  tents  by  the  side  of  the 
Sioux,  and  in  tlie  iii^lit  silently  arose  and  killed 
them.  The  occurrence  took  place  at  the  Chippe- 
way  River,  about  thirty  miles  from  Lac  qui  Parle, 
and  the  next  day  the  llev.  G.  li.  Pond,  the  Indian 
missionary,  accompanied  by  a  Sioux,  \.eut  out 
and  buried  the  mutikited  and  scalpless  bodies. 

On  the  second  of  August  old  Hole-in-the-Day, 
and  some  Ojibways,  came  to  the  fort.  They 
stopped  first  at  the  cabm  of  Peter  Quinn,  whose 
wife  was  a  half-breed  Chippeway,  about  a  mile 
from  the  fort. 

The  missionary,  Samuel  W.  Pond,  told  the 
agent  that  the  Sioux,  of  Lake  Calhoun  were 
aroused,  and  on  their  way  to  attack  the  Chippe- 
ways. The  agent  quieted  them  for  a  time,  but 
two  of  the  relatives  of  those  slain  at  Lac  qui  Parle 
in  April,  hid  themselves  near  Qumn's  house,  and 
as  Hole-in-the-Day  and  his  associates  were  pass- 
ing, they  fired  and  killed  one  Chippeway  and 
woimded  another.  Obequette,  a  Chippeway  from 
Red  Lake,  succeded,  however,  in  shooting  a 
Sioux  wliile  he  was  in  the  act  of  scali)ing  his 
comrade.  The  Chippeways  were  brought  within 
the  fort  as  soon  as  possible,  and  at  nine  o'clock 
a  Sioux  was  confined  in  the  guard-house  as  a 
hostage. 

Not^vithstanding  the  murdered  Chippeway  had 
been  buried  in  the  graveyard  of  the  fort  for  safety, 
an  attempt  was  made  on  the  part  of  some  of  the 
Sioux,  to  dig  it  up.  On  the  evening  of  the  sixth, 
lilajor  Plympton  sent  the  Chippeways  across  the 
river  to  the  east  side,  and  ordered  them  to  go 
home  as  soon  as  possible. 

EVENTS  OF  A.   D.   1839. 

On  the  twentieth  day  of  June  the  elder  Hole- 
m-the-Day  arrived  from  the  Upper  Mississippi 
with  several  hundred  Chippeways.  Upon  their 
return  homeward  the  ilississippi  and  jSlille  Lacs 
band  encamped  the  first  night  at  the  Falls  of  Saint 
Anthony,  and  some  of  the  Sioux  visited  them  and 
smoked  the  pipe  of  peace. 

On  the  second  of  July,  about  sunrise,  a  son-m- 
law  of  the  chief  of  the  Sioux  band,  at  Lake  Cal- 
houn, named  Meekaw  or  Badger,  was  killed  and 
scalped  by  two  Chippeways  of  the  Pillager  band, 
relatives  of  him  who  lost  liis  life  near  Patrick 


Qubin's  the  year  before.  The  excitement  was 
intense  among  the  Sioux,  and  immediately  war 
parties  started  in  pursuit.  Ilole-iii-the-Day"s 
band  was  not  sought,  but  the  ilille  Lacs  and 
Saint  Croix  Chippeways.  The  Lake  Calhoun 
Sioux,  wdth  those  from  the  villages  on  the 
^linnesota,  assembled  at  the  Falls  of  Saint 
jVnthony,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  fourth 
of  July,  came  up  with  the  ilille  Lacs 
Chippeways  on  Rum  River,  before  siuirise.  Not 
long  after  the  war  whoop  was  raised  and  the 
Sioux  attacked,  killing  and  wounding  ninety. 

The  Kaposia  band  of  Sioux  pursued  the  Saint 
Croix  Chippeways,  and  on  the  third  of  July  found 
them  in  the  Penitentiary  ravine  at  Stillwater, 
under  the  influence  of  whisky.  Aitkin,  the  old 
trader,  was  with  them.  The  sight  of  the 
Sioux  tended  to  make  them  sober,  but  in  the  fight 
twenty-one  were  killed  and  twenty-nine  were 
wounded. 

Whisky,  duruig  the  year  1839,  was  freely  in- 
troduced, in  the  face  of  the  law  prohibiting  it. 
Tlie  first  boat  of  the  season,  the  Ariel,  came  to 
the  fort  on  the  fourteenth  of  April,  and  brought 
twenty  barrels  of  whisky  for  Joseph  R.  Brown, 
and  on  the  twenty-first  of  May,  the  Glaucus 
brought  six  barrels  of  liquor  for  David  Faribault. 
On  the  thirtieth  of  June,  some  soldiers  went  to 
Joseph  R.  Brown's  groggery  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  Mississippi,  and  that  night  forty -seven 
\\ere  in  the  guard-house  for  drunkenness.  The 
demoralization  then  existuig,  led  to  a  letter  by 
Surgeon  Emerson,  on  duty  at  the  fort,  to  the  Sur- 
geon General  of  the  United  States  army,  in  which 
he  writes : 

"  The  whisky  is  brought  here  by  citizens  who 
are  pouring  in  upon  us  and  settling  themselves 
on  the  opposite  shore  of  the  JSIississippi  river, 
in  defiance  of  our  worthy  commanding  oflirer, 
Major  J.  Plympton,  whose  authority  they  set 
at  naught.  At  this  moment  there  is  a 
citizen  named  Brown,  once  a  soldier  in 
the  Fifth  Infantry,  who  was  discharged  at 
this  post,  while  Colonel  Snelling  commanded, 
and  who  has  been  since  employed  by  the  Ameri- 
can Fur  Company,  actually  building  on  the  land 
marked  out  by  the  land  ollicers  as  the  reserve, 
and  \vitluu  gmishot  distance  of  the  fort,  a  very 
expensive  whisky  shop." 


104 


EXPLOBEES  AND  PIOXEEES  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 


INDIAN   TRIBES   IN    MINNESOTA   AT  THE  TIME   OF   ITS   ORGANIZATION. 


Blouxor  DalikoUh  peopIft-McanlnK  of  word*  Sioux  and  DalikoUh-Karly  villages 
^ResideDCv  of  Sioux  in  1849-The  Wi[mehago«s-The  Ojibways  or  Chippcways. 

The  three  Indian  nations  who  dwelt  in  this 
region  after  the  organization  of  Minnesota,  were 
the  Sioux  or  Dahkotalis ;  the  Ojibways  or  Chip- 
peways ;  and  the  Ilo-tchun-graws  or  Wiimeba- 
goes. 

SIOUX  OR  DAHKOTAnS. 

They  are  an  entirely  different  group  fnim  the 
Algonquin  and  Iroquois,  who  were  found  by  the 
early  settlers  of  the  Atlantic  States,  on  the  banks 
of  the  Connecticut,  Jlohawk,  and  Susquehanna 
Rivers. 

"When  the  Babkotahs  were  first  noticed  by  the 
European  adventurers,  large  numbers  were  occu- 
pying the  !Mille  Lacs  region  of  country ,  and  appro- 
priately called  by  the  voyageur,  "Teople  of  the 
Lake,"  "Gens  du  Lac."  And  tradition  asserts  that 
here  was  the  ancientcentre  of  this  tribe.  Though 
we  have  traces  of  llieir  waning  and  Imntiiigonthe 
shores  of  Lake  Superior,  there  is  no  satisfactory 
evidence  of  their  residence,  east  of  the  ilille  Lacs 
region,  as  tliey  have  no  name  for  Lake  Superior. 

Tlie  word  Dahkotah,  by  which  they  love  to  be 
designated,  signifies  allied  or  joined  together  in 
friendly  compact,  and  is  equivalent  to  "  E  pluri- 
bus  unum,"  the  motto  on  the  seal  of  the  United 
States. 

In  the  history  of  the  mission  at  ]>u  I'ointe, 
Wisconsin,  publislicd  nearly  two  I'cnturies  ago,  a 
a  writer,  referring  lo  tlie  Dahkolabs,  remarks: 

"  For  sixty  leagues  from  the  extremity  of  the 
Upper  Lake,  toward  sunset;  and,  as  it  were  in 
tlie  centre  of  the  western  nations,  they  have  all 
«nt7frf  Ihi'ir  fonx  hy  a  yritend  kugitc.'' 

The  Dahkotjihs  in  tlie  earliest  documents,  and 
even  until  tlie  present  day,  are  called  Sioux,  Scioux, 
orSoos.  The  name  originated  witli  the  early  voy- 
ageurs.  For  centuries  the  Ojiliways  of  Lake 
Superior  waged  war  against  the  Dahkot^hs;  and, 


whenever  they  spoke  of  them,  called  them  Nado- 
waysioux,  which  signifies  enemies. 

The  French  traders,  to  avoid  exciting  the  atten- 
tion of  Indians,  while  conversing  in  their  pres- 
ence, were  accustomed  to  designate  them  by 
names,  which  would  not  be  recognized. 

The  Dahkotalis  were  nicknamed  Sioux,  a  word 
composed  of  the  two  last  syllables  of  the  Ojibway 
word  for  foes 

Under  the  influence  of  the  French  traders,  the 
eastern  Sioux  began  to  wander  from  the  Mille 
Lacs  region.  A  trading  post  at  0-ton-we-kpa- 
daii,  or  Rice  Creek,  above  the  Falls  of  Saint 
Anthony,  induced  some  to  erect  their  summer 
dwellings  and  plant  corn  there,  which  took  the 
place  of  wild  rice.  Those  wlio  dwelt  here  were 
called  '\\'a-kpa-a-ton-we-dan  Those  v,-ho  dwell  on 
the  creek.  Another  division  was  luiown  as  the 
Ma-tan-ton- wan . 

Less  than  a  hundred  years  ago,  it  is  said  that 
the  eastern  Sioux,  pressed  by  the  Chippeways, 
and  influenced  by  traders,  moved  seven  mUes 
above  Fort  Snelliug  on  the  Minnesota  River. 

MED-DAY-WAIl-KAWN-TWAWNS. 

In  IS  19  there  were  seven  villages  of  Jiled-day- 
wah-kawn-twawn  Sioux.  (1)  Below  Lake  Pepin, 
where  the  city  of  Winona  is,  was  the  village  of 
Wapashaw.  This  band  was  called  Kee-yu-ksa, 
because  with  them  blood  relations  intermarried. 
Bounding  or  AVhiiiping  Wind  was  tlie  cliief.  (2) 
At  the  head  of  Lake  Pepin,  under  a  lofty  bluff, 
was  the  Red  ^ViMg  village,  called  Ghay-mni-chan 
Hill,  wood  and  water.  Shooter  was  the  name 
of  till'  chief.  (;5)  Opposite,  and  a  little  below  the 
Pig's  Eye  Marsh,  was  the  Kaposia  band.  The 
word,  Kapoja  means  liglit,  given  because  these 
people  are  <iuiek  travelers.  His  Scarlet  People, 
better  known  as  Litth;  Crow,  was  the  chief,  and 
isnotorious  as  llic  leader  in  the  massacre  of  1862. 

On  the  Minnesota  River,  on  the  south  side 


NOTICE  OF  THE  HOTCHUNGBAWS,  OR  WINNEBAGOES. 


105 


a  few  miles  above  Fort  Snelling,  was  Black  Dog 
village.  The  inhabitants  were  called,  Ma-ga-yu- 
tay-shnee.  People  who  do  not  a  geese,'  be- 
cause they  foimd  it  profitable  to  sell  game  at  Fort 
Snelling.  Grey  Iron  was  the  chief,  also  known 
as  Pa-ma-ya-yaw,  IMy  head  aches. ' 

At  Oak  Grove,  on  the  north  sitle  of  the  nver, 
eight  miles  above  the  fort,  was  (5)  Ilay-ya-ta-o- 
ton-waii,  or  Inland  Village,  so  called  because 
they  formerly  lived  at  Lake  Calkoun.  Contigu- 
ous was  (6)  d-ya-tay-shee-ka,  or  Bad  People, 
Known  as  Good  Roads  Band  and  (7)  the  largest 
village  was  Tin-ta-ton-wan,  Prairie  Village ; 
Shokpay,  or  Six,  was  the  chief,  and  is  now  the 
site  of  the  town  of  Shakopee. 
West  of  this  division  of  the  Sioux  were— 

WAR-PA  Y-KU-TAY. 

The  War-pay-ku-tay,  or  leaf  shooters,  who 
occupied  the  country  south  of  the  ^Minnesota 
around  the  sources  of  the  Cannon  and  Blue  Earth 
Rivers. 

WAB-PAY-TWAWNS. 

North  and  west  of  the  last  were  the  War-pay- 
twawns,  or  People  of  the  Leaf,  and  their  princi- 
pal village  was  Lac  qui  Parle.  They  numbered 
about  fifteen  hundred. 

SE-SEE-TWAWNS. 

To  the  west  and  southwest  of  these  bands  of 
Sioux  were  the  Se-see-t^vawns  (Sissetoans),  or 
Swamp  Dwellers.  Tliis  band  claimed  the  land 
west  of  the  Blue  Earth  to  the  James  River,  and 
the  guardianship  of  the  Sacred  Red  Pipestone 
Quarr>'.  Their  principal  village  was  at  Traverse, 
and  the  number  of  the  band  was  estimated  at 
tiiirty-eight  hundred. 

HO-TCHXJN-GBAWS,  OR  WINNEBAGOES. 

The  Ilo-tchun-graws,  or  Winnebagoes,  belong 
to  the  Dahkotah  family  of  aborigines.  Cham- 
plain,  although  he  never  visited  them,  mentions 
them.  Nicollet,  who  had  been  in  his  employ, 
visited  Green  Bay  about  the  year  1635,  and  an 
early  Relation  mentions  that  he  saw  the  Ouini- 
pegous,  a  people  called  so,  because  they  came 
from  a' distant  sea,  which  some  French  erron- 
eously   called    Puants.     Another  writer  speak- 


iing  of  these  "people  says:  "This  people  are 
called  '  Les  Puants  '  not  because  of  any  bad  odor 

.peculiar  to  them,  but  because  they  claim  to  have 
come  from  the  shores  of  a  far  distant  lake, 
towards  the  north,  whose  waters  are  salt.  They 
call  themselves  the  people  '  de  I'eau  puants,'  of 
the  putrid  or  bad  water." 

By  the  treaty  of  1837  they  were  removed  to 
Iowa,  and  by  another  treaty  in  October,  1846, 
they  came  to  Minnesota  in  the  spring  of  1848, 
to  the  country  between  the  Long  Prairie, 
and  Crow  Wing  Rivers.  The  agency  was  located 
on  Long  Prairie  River,  forty  miles  from  the 
Mississippi,  and  in  1849  the  tribe  numbered 
about  twenty-five  hundred  souls. 

In  February  1855,  another  treaty  was  made 
with  them,  and  that  spring  they  removed  to  lands 
on  the  Blue  Earth  River.  Owing  to  the  panic 
caused  by  the  outbreak  of  the  Sioux  in  1862,  Con- 
gress, by  a  special  act,  without  consulting  them, 
in  1863,  removed  them  from  their  fields  in  Jlin- 
nesota  to  the  Missouri  River,  and  in  the  words 
of  a  missionary,  "they  were,  like  the  Sioux, 
dumped  in  the  desert,  one  hundred  miles  above 
Fort  Randall" 

OJIBWAY  OB  CHIPPEWAY  NATION. 

The  Ojibways  or  Leapers,  when  the  French 
came  to  Lake  Superior,  had  their  chief  settlement 
at  Sault  St.  Marie,  and  were  called  by  the  French 
Saulteurs,  and  by  the  Sioux,  Ilah-ha-tonwan, 
Dwellers  at  the  Falls  or  Leaping  Waters. 

When  Du  Luth  erected  his  trading  post  at  the 
western  extremity  of  Lake  Superior,  they  had  not 
obtained  any  foothold  in  Minnesota,  and  were 
constantly  at  war  with  their  hereditary  enemes, 
the  Nadouaysioux.  By  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  they  had  pushed  in  and  occu- 
pied Sandy,  Leech,  Mille  Lacs  and  other  points 
between  Lake  Superior  and  the  Mississippi,  which 
had  been  dwelling  places  of  the  Sioux.  In  1820 
the  principal  villages  of  Ojibways  in  Minnesota 
were  at  Fond  du  Lac,  Leech  Lake  and  Sandy 
Lake.  In  1837  they  ceded  most  of  their  lands. 
Since  then,  other  treaties  have  been  made,  until 
in  the  year  1881,  they  are  confined  to  a  few  res- 
ervations, in  northern  Minnesota  and  vicinity. 


106 


EXPLORERS  AND  PIONEERS  OF  3imXES0TA. 


CIIAPTEE  XIX. 

EAULY  MISSIONS  AMONG  Till;  OJIHWAYS  AND  DAnKOTAHS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


Jesuit  Missioni  not  pprmanfnt— Pi-cRl)yl(?rian  Mission  at  Mackinaw— Visit  of  Rev 
A.  Co«  ani  J  D.  Stevens  to  F.>rt  Sn.'llint:  -Notice  of  Aycrs.  Hall,  and  Boutwell 
— yonnation  o(  the  word  ItaAca—Tlie  Brothers  Pond— Arrival  of  Pr.  William- 
Bon--Presl>\-terian  church  dt  Fort  Snelling— Mission  at  Lake  Harriet— Mourn- 
ing for  the  Dead — Church  at  Lac-qui  jiarle — Father  Bavoux — Mission  at  l,ake 
Pokeffuma— Attack  by  the  Sioux — ('hipjieway  attack  at  Pig's  Eye — Death  of 
Rev.  Sherman  Hall— Metho<list  Missions  Rev.  S.  W.  Pond  prepares  a  Sioux 
Orvumar  and  Dictionary'    Swiss  Presbyterian  Mission. 


Bancroft  the  distinguished  historian,  catching 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  nanntives  of  tlie  early 
Jesuits,  deiiicts,  in  lan.guage  which  glows,  tlieir 
missions  to  the  Xortliwest;  yet  it  is  erroneous 
to  supiwsu  that  the  Jesuits  exercised  any  perma- 
ueut  iullueuce  on  tlie  Ahorigines. 

Shea,  a  devoted  member  of  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic Church,  in  his  History  of  Aiuerican  Catliohc 
Missions  writes:  "  In  ItJSii  Father  Kugalraii  was 
apparently  alone  at  (ireen  Bay.  and  Pierson  at 
ilaekinaw.  Of  the  titlier  missions  neither  Le- 
Clerq  nnr  Ilciiucpin.  the  BecoUect  writers  of  the 
West  at  lliis  time,  make  any  mention,  or  iu  any 
way  allude  to  their  existence."  He  also  saj's 
that  "Father  ilenard  had  projected  a  Sioux 
mission;  ^laniuette,  Allouez.  Druilletes.  all  en- 
tertained hopes  of  lealizing  it,  and  had  some 
intercourse  with  that  nation,  but  none  of  them 
ever  succeedcil  in  estahlishing  a  mission." 

Father  Hennepin  wrote:  '•  Can  it  he  possible, 
that,  that  pretended  prodigiousamountof  savage 
converts  could  escape  the  sight  of  a  multitude 
of  French  Canadians  who  travel  every  year? 
*  «  »  »  How  comes  it  to  pass  tliat  these 
churches  so  devout  and  so  nimierous,  should  be 
invisible,  when  1  pas.sed  through  so  many 
countries  and  nations  V" 

After  tlie  American  Fur  Company  wasfonned, 
the  island  of  Mackinaw  liecame  the  residence  of 
the  principal  agent  for  the  .N'ortliWfst,  IJoberl 
Stuart  a  .Si-otcbrnan.  and  devoted  I'rcsbyterian. 

In  the  month  of  .lune,  1820,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
.Morse,  father  of  the  distingui.shed  inventor  of 
the  telegraph,  visilcil  and  prcadicil  at  .Mackinaw. 
and  in  consequence  of  statements  i)ublished  by 


him,  tipon  his  return,  a  Presbyterian  Missionary 
Society  in  the  state  of  New  York  sent  a  graduate 
of  Union  College,  the  Bev.  "W.  M.  Fen-y,  father 
of  the  present  I'nited  States  Senator  from  Michi- 
gan, to  explore  the  held.  In  1823  he  had  estab- 
lished a  large  boarding  school  composed  of 
children  of  various  tribes,  and  here  some  were 
educated  who  became  wives  of  men  of  intelli- 
gence and  influence  at  the  capital  of  Minnesota. 
After  a  few  years,  it  was  determined  by  the 
JSIission  Board  to  modify  its  plans,  and  in  the 
place  of  a  great  central  station,  to  send  mission- 
aries among  the  several  tribes  to  teach  and  tu 
preach. 

In  ])ursuance  of  this  policy,  the  Bev.  Alvan 
Coe,  and  J.  I).  Stevens,  then  a  licentiate  who 
had  been  engaged  in  the  Mackinaw  Mission, 
made  a  tour  of  exploratiou,  and  arrived  on 
September  1,  1829,  at  Fort  Snelling.  In  the 
journal  of  ^Major  Lawrence  Taliaferro,  which 
is  in  possession  of  the  Minnesota  Historical 
Society,  is  the  following  entry  :  '■  The  Bev. 
Mr.  Coe  and  Stevens  reported  to  be  on  their  way 
to  this  post,  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
looking  out  for  suital)U'  places  to  iiiiike  mission- 
ary establislimciit  for  the  Sioux  and  Cbippeways, 
iouiiil  sclmols,  and  instruct  in  the  arts  ami  agri- 
cnltnn'.' 

Tlic  agent,  iilllioiigh  not  :it  tliiit  lime  a  cuinniu- 
nicant  of  the  ("hurch,  welcomed  these  visitors, 
and  affordetl  them  every  fiicility  in  visiting  the 
Indians.  On  Sunday,  the  nili  of  September,  the 
Bev.  Mr.  Coe  jireached  twici^  iu  the  fort,  and  the 
next  iiiglit  held  a  jirayer  meeting  at  the  (piarters 
of  the  commanding  ollicer.  ( )ii  tlie  next  Sunday 
he  preached  again,  and  on  the  lltli,  witli  Mr. 
Stevens  and  a  hired  guide,  returned  to  Mackinaw 
by  way  of  the  St.  Croix  river.  During  this  visit 
the  agent  offered  for  a  Presbyterian  mission  the 
mill  whidi  tlien  stood  on  the  site  of  .Minneapolis, 
anil  liiiil  been  erected  by  tlie  government,  as  well  as 


FORMATION  OF  THE  WOBD  ITASKA. 


107 


the  farm  at  Lake  Calhoun,  which  was  begun  to 
teach  the  Sioux  agriculture. 

CIIIPPKWAY  MISSIONS. 

In  1830,  F.  Ayer,  one  of  the  teachers  at  Mack- 
inaw, made  an  exploration  as  far  as  La  Pouite, 
and  returned. 

Upon  the  30th  day  of  August,  1831,  a  Macki- 
naw boat  about  forty  feet  long  arrived  at  La 
Pointe,  bringing  from  ilackinaw  the  principal 
trader,  Mr.  Warren,  Rev.  Sherman  Hall  and  wife, 
and  Mr.  Frederick  Ayer,  a  catechist  and  teacher. 
Mrs.  Hall  attracted  great  attention,  as  she  was 
the  first  white  woman  who  had  visited  that 
region.  Sherman  Hall  was  born  on  April  30, 
1801,  at  Wethersfleld,  Vermont,  and  in  18:28 
graduated  at  Dartmouth  College,  and  completed 
his  theological  studies  at  Andover,  Massachu- 
setts, a  few  weeks  before  he  journeyed  to  the 
Indian  country. 

His  classmate  at  Dartmouth  and  Andover,  the 
Kev  W.  T.  Boutwell  still  living  near  Stillwater, 
became  his  yoke-fellow,  but  remained  for  a  time 
at  Mackinaw,  which  tliey  reached  about  tlie  mid- 
dle of  July.  In  June,  1832,  Henry  R.  School- 
craft, the  head  of  an  exploring  expedition,  invited 
Mr.  Boutwell  to  accompany  him  to  the  sources  of 
the  Mississippi. 

When  the  expedition  reached  Lac  la  Biche  or 
Elk  Lake,  on  July  13, 1852,  Mr.  Schoolcraft,  who 
was  not  a  Latin  scholar,  asked  the  Latin  word  for 
tnith,  and  was  told  "Veritas."  He  then  wanted 
the  word  which  signified  head,  and  was  told 
"caput."  To  the  astonishment  of  many,  School- 
craft struck  off  the  first  sylable,  of  the  word 
ver-i-tas  and  the  last  sylable  of  ca-put,  and  thus 
coined  the  word  Itasca,  which  he  gave  to  the 
lake,  and  which  some  modern  writers,  with  all 
gravity,  tell  us  was  the  name  of  a  maiden  who 
once  dwelt  on  its  banks.  Upon  Jlr.  Boutwell's 
return  from  this  expedition  he  was  at  first  asso- 
ciated with  Mr.  Hall  in  the  mission  at  La  Pointe. 
In  1833  the  mission  band  wliicli  had  centered 
at  La  Pointe  diffused  their  influence.  In  Octo- 
ber Rev.  Mr.  Boutwell  went  to  Leech  Lake,  ]\Ir. 
Ayer  opened  a  school  at  Yellow  Lake,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  Mr.  E.  F.  Ely,  now  in  Cahfomia,  became 
a  teacher  at  Aitkin's  tradmg  post  at  Sandy  Lake. 

SIOUX    MISSIOXAKIES. 

Mr.  Bdutwcll,  cif  Leech  Lake  Station,  on  the 


sixth  of  May,  1834,  happened  to  be  on  a  visit  to 
Fort  Snelling.  While  there  a  steamboat  arrived, 
and  among  the  passengers  were  two  yoimg  men, 
brothers,  natives  of  Washington,  Coimecticut, 
Samuel  W.  and  Gideon  II.  Pond,  who  had  come, 
constrained  by  the  love  of  ( nirist,  and  without  con- 
ferring with  llesh  and  blood,  to  try  to  improve 
tlie  Sioux. 

Samuel,  the  older  brother,  the  year  before,  had 
talked  with  a  liquor  seller  in  Galena,  lUinoi-s,  who 
liad  come  from  the  Red  River  country,  and  the 
desire  was  awakened  to  help  the  Sioux ;  and  he 
wrote  to  his  brother  to  go  with  him. 

The  Re\-.  Samuel  ^\' .  Pond  still  lives  at  Shako- 
pee,  m  the  old  mission  house,  the  first  building  of 
sawed  lumber  erected  in  the  valley  of  the  Mhme- 
sota,  aliuve  Fort  Snelhng. 

MISSIONS  AMONC*  THE  SIOUX  A.  D.  1835. 

About  this  period,  a  native  of  South  Carolina, 
a  graduate  of  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania, 
tlie  Rev.  T.  S.  Wilhamson,  M.  D.,  who  previous 
to  his  ordination  had  been  a  respectable  physi- 
cian in  Ohio,  was  appointed  by  the  American 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions  to  visit  the  Dahkotahs 
with  tlie  view  of  ascertaining  what  could  be  done 
to  introduce  Christian  instruction.  Having  made 
inquiries  at  Prairie  du  Chien  and  Fort  Snelling, 
he  reported  the  field  was  favorable. 

The  Presbyterian  and  Congregational  Churches, 
through  tlieir  joint  Missionary  Society,  appointed 
the  followhig  persons  to  labor  in  Minnesota: 
Rev.  Thomas  S.  Williamson,  M.  D.,  missionary 
and  physician;  Rev.  J.  D.  Stevens,  missionary; 
Alexander  Huggins,  farmer;  and  their  ^^'ives ; 
Miss  Sarah  Poage,  and  Lucy  Stevens,  teachers; 
who  were  prevented  during  the  year  1834,  by  the 
state  of  navigation,  from  entering  upon  llieir 
work. 

During  the  winter  of  1834-35,  a  pious  officer 
of  the  army  exercised  a  good  inlhience  on  his 
fellow  officers  and  soldiers  under  his  command. 
In  the  absence  of  a  chaplain  of  ordained  minis- 
ter, he,  like  General  Ilavelock,  of  the  Britisli 
army  in  India,  was  accustomed  not  only  to  drill 
the  soldiers,  but  to  meet  them  in  bis  own  (juar- 
ters,  and  reason  with  tliem  "  of  righteousness, 
temperance,  and  judgment  to  come." 

In  the  month  of  May,  1835,  Dr.  Williamson 
and  mission  band  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling,  and 


108 


EXPLOBERS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


were  hospitably  received  by  the  officers  of  the 
garrison,  tlie  Tiidiaii  Agent,  and  Mr.  Sibley.  Agent 
of  the  (dniiiany  at  Mendota,  who  had  been  in 
the  coiintr)'  a  few  months. 

On  the  twenty-seventh  of  this  nionlli  the  Rev. 
Dr.  AVillianison  iniited  in  marriage  at  the  Fort 
Lieutenant  Edward  A.  Ogden  to  Eliza  Edna,  tlie 
daughter  of  Captain  (i."  A.  Loomis,  the  first 
marriage  service  in  whicli  a  clergyman  officiated 
111  the  present  State  of  Minnesota. 

On  the  eleventh  of  June  a  meeting  was  lield 
at  the  Fort  to  organize  a  Presbyterian  Church, 
sixteen  persons  who  liad  been  cominmiicants, 
and  six  wlio  made  a  profession  of  faith,  one  of 
whom  was  Lieutenant  Ogden,  were  enrolled  as 
members. 

Four  elders  were  elected,  among  whom  were 
Capt.  Gustavus  Loomis  and  Samuel  ^Y.  Pond. 
The  next  day  a  lecture  preparatory  to  administer- 
ing the  communion,  was  delivered,  and  on  Sun- 
day, the  14th,  the  first  organized  church  in  the 
A'alley  of  the  I'pper  Mississippi  assembled  for 
the  lii-st  time  in  one  of  the  Company  rooms  of  the 
Fort.  The  services  in  the  morning  were  conducted 
by  Dr.  AVilliamson.  The  afternoon  service  com- 
menced at  2  o'clock.  Tlie  sernum  of  Mr.  Stevens 
was  upon  a  most  appropriate  text,  1st  Peter,  ii:2o; 
"  For  ye  were  as  slwep  going  astray,  but  are  now 
returned  unto  the  Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  your 
souls."  A  fter  the  discourse,  the  sacrament  of  the 
Lord's  supper  was  administered. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Session  on  the  thirty-first 
of  .July.  Rev.  J.  D.  Stevens,  missionary,  was  in- 
vited to  preach  to  the  clnn-cli,  "so  long  as  the 
duties  of  his  mission  will  permit,  and  also  to  pre- 
side at  all  the  meetings  of  the  Session."  Captain 
Gustavus  Loomis  was  elected  Stated  Clerk  of  the 
Session,  and  they  resolved  t«  obseive  the  monthly 
concert  of  prayer  on  the  first  Monday  of  each 
month,  for  the  conversion  of  the  world. 

Two  points  were  selected  l)y  the  missionaries 
as  projier  spheres  of  labor.  Mr.  Stevens  and 
family  proceeded  to  Lake  Harriet,  and  Dr.  AVil- 
liamson  and  family,  in  June,  proceeded  to  Lac 
qui  Parle. 

As  there  had  never  been  a  (^haiilain  at  Fort 
Snclling.  the  Hcv.  J.  I).  Stevens,  the  missionary 
at  Lake  Harriet,  preached  on  Sundays  to  the 
Presbyterian  cliurch.  there,  recently  organized. 


AVriting'^on   January  twenty-seventh,  1836,  he 
says,  in  relation  to  his  field  of  labor : 

"  Yesterday  a  portion  of  this  band  of  Indians.  , 
wlio  had  been  some  time  absent  from  this  village.. 
returned.  One  of  the  number  (a  woman  i  was 
informed  that  a  lirother  of  hers  had  died  during 
her  absence.  He  was  not  at  this  village,  but 
with  another  liand.  and  tlie  information  had  just 
reached  here.  In  the  evening  they  set  up  a  most 
piteous  crying,  or  rather  wailing,  which  con- 
tinued, with  some  little  cessations,  during  the 
night.  Tlie  sister  of  the  deceased  brother  would 
repeat,  times  without  number,  words  which  may 
be  thus  translated  into  English :  '  Come,  my 
brother,  I  shall  see  you  no  more  for  ever."  The 
night  was  extremely  cold,  the  thermometer 
standing  from  ten  to  twenty  below  zero.  About 
sunrise,  next  morning,  preparation  was  made  for 
performing  the  ceremony  of  cutting  their  flesh, 
in  order  to  give  relief  to  their  grief  of  mind. 
The  snow  was  removed  from  the  frozen  ground 
over  about  as  large  a  space  as  would  be  required 
to  place  a  small  Indian  lodge  or  wigwam.  In  the 
centre  a  very  small  fire  was  kindled  up,  not  to 
give  warmth,  apparently,  but  to  cause  a  smoke. 
The  sister  of  the  deceased,  who  was  the  chief 
mourner,  came  out  of  her  lodge  tV)llowed  by 
three  other  women,  who  repaired  to  the  place 
prepared.  They  were  all  barefooted,  and  nearly 
naked.  Here  they  set  up  a  most  bitter  lamenta- 
tion and  crying,  mingling  their  waihngs  with  the 
words  before  mentioned.  The  principal  mourner 
commeiu-i'd  gashing  or  cutting  her  ankles  and 
legs  up  to  the  knees  with  a  sharp  stone,  until  her 
legs  were  covered  with  gore  and  flowing  blood ; 
then  in  like  manner  her  arms,  shoulders,  and 
breast.  The  others  cut  themselves  in  the  same 
way,  but  not  so  severely.  On  this  poor  infatuated 
woman  I  presume  there  were  more  than  a  hun- 
dred long  deep  gashes  in  the  flesh.  I  saw  the 
operation,  and  the  blood  instantly  followed  the 
instrument,  and  flowed  down  upon  the  flesh.  She 
aii|ieared  frantic  with  grief.  Through  the  pain 
of  her  wounds,  tlie  loss  of  blood,  exhaustion  of 
strength  by  fasting,  loud  and  long-continued  and 
bitter  groans,  or  the  extreme  cold  ui)on  her  al- 
most naked  and  lacerated  body,  she  soon  sunk 
upon  the  frozen  gruinid.  shaking  as  witli  a  violent 
Ut  of  the  ague,  and  writliing  in  apparent  agony. 
'Surely,'  I  exclaimed,  as  I  beheld  the  bloody 


A  SOMAN  CATHOLIC  MIS!iIOKARY. 


109 


scene,  'the  tender  mercies  of  the  heathen  are 
enielty !' 

''  The  little  church  at  the  fort  begins  to  mani- 
fest sometliing  of  a  missionary  spirit  Their  con- 
tributions are  considerable  for  so  small  a  nmulier. 
I  hope  tliey  will  not  only  be  willing  to  contrilmte 
liberally  of  their  substance,  but  will  give  them- 
selves, at  least  some  of  them,  to  the  missionary 
work. 

"  The  surgeon  of  the  military  post.  Dr.  Jarvis, 
has  been  very  assiduous  in  his  attentions  to  us  in 
our  sickness,  and  has  very  generously  made  a  do- 
nation to  our  board  of  twenty-five  dollars,  being 
tlie  amount  of  his  medical  services  in  our  family. 

"  On  the  nineteenth  instant  we  commenced  a 
school  with  six  full  Indian  children,  at  least  so  in 
all  their  habits,  dress,  etc.;  not  one  could  speak  a 
word  of  any  language  biit  Sioux.  The  school  has 
since  increased  to  the  numl)er  of  twenty-five.  I 
am  now  collecting  and  arranging  words  for  a  dic- 
tionary. Mr.  Pond  is  assiduously  employed  in 
preparing  a  small  spellhig-book,  which  we  may 
forward  next  mail  for  printing. 

On  the  fifteenth  of  September,  lcS36,  a  Presby- 
terian church  was  organized  at  Lac-qui-Parle,  a 
branch  of  that  in  and  near  Fort  SnelUiig,  and 
Joseph  Renville,  a  mixed  blood  of  great  influ- 
ence, became  a  communicant.  lie  had  been 
trained  in  Canada  by  a  Eoman  Catholic  priest, 
but  claimed  the  right  of  private  judgment,  ilr. 
Eenville's  wife  was  the  first  pure  Dahkotah  of 
whom  we  have  any  record  that  ever  joined  tlie 
Church  of  Christ.  This  church  has  never  become 
extinct,  although  its  members  have  been  neces- 
sarily nomadic.  After  the  treaty  of  Traverse  des 
Sioux,  it  was  removed  to  Ilazlewood.  Driven 
from  thence  by  the  outbreak  of  l.siiii,  it  has  be- 
came the  parent  of  other  churches,  in  the  valley 
of  the  upper  Missouri,  over  one  of  which  John 
Renville,  a  descendant  of  the  elder  at  Lac-qui- 
Parle,  is  the  pastor. 

ROMAN  CATHOLIC  MISSION  ATTEMPTED. 

Father  Ravoux,  recently  from  France,  a  sin- 
cere and  earnest  priest  of  the  Cliurch  of  Rome, 
came  to  Mendota  in  the  autumn  of  1841,  and 
after  a  brief  sojourn  with  the  Rev.  L.  Galtier, 
who  had  erected  Saint  Paul's  chapel,  whicli  has 
given  the  name  of  Samt  Paul  to  the  capital  of 
Minnesota,  he  ascended  the  Minnesota  River^ 
and  visited  Lac-qui-Parle. 


Bishop  Loras,  of  Dubuque,  wrote  the  next  year 
of  his  visit  as  follows :  "  Our  yomig  missionary, 
M.  Ravoux,  passed  the  winter  on  the  banks  of 
Lac-qui-Parle,  \\'ithout  any  other  support  than 
Pro%adence,  without  any  other  means  of  couver- 
siiiu  than  a  burning  zeal,  he  has  wrought  in  the 
space  of  six  months,  a  happy  revolution  among 
the  Sioux.  From  the  time  of  his  arrival  he  has 
been  occupied  night  and  day  in  the  study  of  their 
language.  *****  "When  he  instructs 
the  savages,  he  speaks  to  them  with  so  much  fire 
whilst  showing  them  a  large  copper  crucifix  which 
he  carries  on  his  breast,  that  he  makes  the  strong- 
est impression  ujion  them." 

The  impression,  however  was  evanescent,  and 
he  soon  retired  from  the  liidd,  and  no  more  efforts 
were  made  in  this  direction  by  the  Church  of 
Rome.  This  young  Mr.  Ravoux  is  now  the  highly 
respected  vicar  of  the  Roman  Catholic  diocese  of 
Minnesota,  and  justly  esteemed  for  his  simpUcity 
and  unobtrusiveness. 

ClIIPPEWAY  JIISSIONS  AT  POKEGTJMA. 

Pokeguma  is  one  of  the  "  Mille  Lacs,"  or  thou- 
sand beautiful  lakes  for  which  Minnesota  is  re- 
markable. It  is  about  fouror  five  miles  hi  extent, 
and  a  mile  or  more  in  width. 

This  lake  is  situated  on  Snake  River,  about 
twenty  miles  above  the  junction  of  that  stream 
with  the  St.  Croix. 

In  the  year  1836,  missionaries  came  to  reside 
among  the  Ojibways  and  Pokeguma,  to  promote 
their  temporal  and  spiritual  welfare.  Their  mis- 
sion house  was  built  on  the  east  side  of  the  lake ; 
but  the  Indian  village  was  on  an  island  not  far 
from  the  shore. 

In  a  letter  written  in  1837,  we  find  the  fol- 
lowing:  -'The  young  women  and  girls  now 
make,  mend,  wash,  and  iron  after  our  man- 
ner. The  men  have  learned  to  l)uild  log  houses, 
drive  team,  plough,  hoe,  and  handle  an  American 
axe  with  some  skill  in  cutting  large  trees,  the 
size  of  whicli,  two  years  ago.  would  have  afforded 
them  a  sufllcient  reason  why  lliey  should  not  med- 
dle with  them." 

In  May,  1841,  Jeremiah  Russell,  who  was  In- 
dian farmer,  sent  two  Chii)i)eways,  accompanied 
by  Elam  Greeley,  of  Stillwater,  to  the  Falls  of 
Saint  Croix  for  .supplies.  On  Saturday,  the 
fifteenth  of  the  month  they  arrived  tliere,  and 


no 


BXPLOREES  AND  PIOXEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


the  next  daj'  a  steamboat  came  up  with  the 
goods.  The  captain  said  a  war  party  of  Sioux, 
headed  by  Little  Crow,  was  advaiieintr.  and  the 
two  Cliippcways  prepared  to  go  biick  and  were 
their  friends. 

They  had  liardly  left  the  Falls,  on  their  re- 
turn, before  they  .saw  a  party  of  Dahkotahs.  The 
sentinel  of  the  enemy  had  not  noticed  the  ap- 
proach of  the  young  men.  In  the  twinkling  of 
an  eye,  these  two  young  Ojibways  raised  their 
guns,  fired,  and  killed  two  of  Little  Crow's  sons. 
The  discharge  (}f  the  guns  revealed  to  a  sentinel, 
that  an  enemy  was  near,  and  as  the  Ojibways 
were  retreating,  he  Cred,  and  mortally  wounded 
one  of  the  two. 

According  to  custom,  the  corpses  of  the  chief's 
sons  were  dressed,  and  then  set  up  with  their 
faces  towards  the  country  of  their  ancient  ene- 
mies. The  wounded  Ojibway  was  horribly 
mangled  by  the  infuriated  party,  and  his  limbs 
strewn  about  in  every  direction.  Ilis  scalped 
head  was  plaeeil  in  a  kettle,  and  suspended  in 
front  of  the  two  Dahkolali  corpses. 

Little  Crow,  disheartene<l  by  the  loss  of  his  two 
boys,  returned  with  his  party  to  Kaposia.  ]hit 
other  parties  were  in  the  field. 

It  was  not  till  Friday,  the  twenty-first  of  ^lay, 
that  the  death  of  one  of  the  young  Ojibways 
sent  by  Mr.  Russell,  to  the  Falls  i.i"  Saint  Croix, 
was  known  at  I'okegunia. 

Mr.  Knssell  on  the  next  Sunday,  accompanied 
by  Captain  AVilliain  Ilolcoml)  and  a  half-breed, 
went  to  llie  mission  station  to  attend  a  religious 
service,  ami  while  crossing  the  lake  in  retiiming, 
the  half-breed  saiil  that  it  was  rumored  that  the 
Sioux  were  ai)proacliing.  On  ^b)nday,  the  twen- 
ty-fourth, three  young  men  left  in  a  canoe  to  go 
to  the  west  shore  of  tli(!  lake,  ;uid  from  llience  to 
Mllle  Lacs,  to  give  intelligence  to  tlie  Ojibways 
tliere.  of  the  skirmish  that  had  already  occurred. 
They  took  with  them  two  Indian  girls,  about 
twelve  years  of  age.  who  were  pupils  of  the  mis- 
sion school,  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  the  canoe 
!)aik  to  the  island.  .Inst  as  the  three  were  hnid- 
ing.  twenty  or  thirty  Dahkotidi  warriors,  with  a 
war  whooj)  emerged  from  their  conceahnenl  be- 
hinil  tlie  trees,  and  (bed  into  the  canoe.  The 
young  men  inslanllv  sjiranginlo  llie  water,  which 


was  shallow,  returned  the  fire,  and  ran  into  the 
woods,  escaping  without  material  injury. 

The  little  girls,  in  their  fright,  waded  into  the 
lake ;  but  were  pursued.  Their  parents  upon 
the  island,  heard  the  death  cries  of  their  children. 
Some  of  the  Indians  aromid  the  mission-house 
jumped  into  their  canoes  and  gained  the  island. 
Others  went  into  some  fortified  log  huts.  Tlie 
attack  uiion  the  canoe,  it  was  afterwards  learned, 
was  i)reinalure.  The  jiarty  upon  that  side  of  the 
lake  were  ordered  not  to  fire,  until  the  party 
stationed  in  the  woods  near  the  mission  began. 

There  were  in  all  one  hundred  and  eleven 
Dahkotah  warriors,  and  all  llie  light  was  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  mission-house,  and  the  Ojibways 
mostly  engaged  in  it  were  those  who  had  been 
under  religious  instruction.  The  rest  were  upon 
the  island. 

The  fathers  of  the  murdered  girls,  burning  for 
revenge,  left  the  island  in  a  canoe,  and  draw  ing 
it  up  on  the  ahore,  hid  behind  it,  and  fired  upon 
the  Dahkotahs  and  killed  one.  The  Dahkotahs 
advancing  \ipon  them,  they  were  obliged  to 
escape.  The  canoe  was  now  launched.  One  lay 
on  his  back  in  the  bottom;  tlie  other  jihni'.r.'il 
into  the  water,  and.  holding  the  canoe  with  one 
hand,  and  swinnning  with  the  other,  he  towed 
his  friend  onl  of  danger.  The  Dahkotahs,  in- 
furiated at  their  escape,  fired  volley  after  volley 
at  the  swimnie)',  but  he  escaped  the  balls  by 
l)utt ing  his  head  under  water  whenever  he  saw 
them  take  aim,  and  waiting  till  ho  heard  tlie 
discharge,    he  would  then  look  up  and  breathe. 

After  a  fight  of  two  hours,  the  Dahkotahs  re- 
treated, with  a  loss  of  two  men.  At  the  request 
of  the  ]iarents,  .Mr,  K.  F.  Fly,  from  whose 
notes  the  writer  has  obtained  these  facts,  b.'- 
ing  at  that  time  a  teacher  at  the  mission. 
went  across  the  lake,  with  two  of  his  friends,  to 
gather  the  remains  of  his  niurderecl  implls.  lie 
found  the  corpses  on  tlie  shore.  The  heads  cut 
off  and  scalped,  with  a  tomahawk  buried  in  the 
brains  of  each,  were  set  up  in  the  .sand  near  the 
bodies.  The  bodies  were  i)ierced  in  the  breast, 
anil  the  right  arm  of  one  was  taken  away.  IJe- 
moving  the  tomahawks,  the  bodies  were  brought 
back  to  the  island,  and  in  the  afternoon  were 
buried  in  aceonlance  w  ilh  the  siiniOe  but  solenui 
riles  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  by  members  of  the 
mission. 


SIOUX  MISSIONABIES  BEFOBE  THE  TMEATIES. 


Ill 


The  sequel  to  this  story  is  soon  told.    The  In-  | 
diaiis  of  Pokeguma,  after  the  fight,  deserted  their 
village,  and  went  to  reside  w^ith  their  conntrymen 
near  Lake  Superior. 

In  July  of  the  foUowing  year,  1842,  a  war  party 
was  formed  at  Fond  du  Lac,  about  forty  m  num- 
ber, and  proceeded  towards  the  Dahkotah  country. 
Sneaking,  as  none  but  Indians  can,  they  arrived 
mmoticed  at  the  little  settlement  bek)w  Saint 
Paul,  commonly  called  "Pig's  Eye,"  which  is 
opposite  to  what  was  Kaposia,  or  Little  Crow's 
village.  Finding  an  Indian  woman  at  work  in 
the  garden  of  her  husband,  a  Canadian,  by  the 
name  of  GameUe,  they  killed  her ;  also  another 
woman,  with  her  infant,  whose  head  was  cut  off. 
The  Dahkotahs.  on  tlie  opposite  side,  were  mostly 
mtoxicated ;  and.  flying  across  in  their  canoes  but 
half  prepared,  they  were  worsted  in  the  en- 
counter. They  lost  thirteen  warriors,  and  one  of 
their  number,  knowii  as  the  Dancer,  the  O jib- 
ways  are  said  to  have  skinned. 

Soon  after  this  the  Chippeway  missions  of  the 
St.  Croix  Valley  were  abandoned. 

In  a  little  while  Kev.  Mr.  Boutwell  removed  to 
the  vicinity  of  Stillwater,  and  the  missionaries, 
Ayer  and  Spencer,  went  to  Red  Lake  and  other 
points  in  Minnesota. 

In  1853  the  Rev.  Sherman  Hall  left  the  Indians 
and  became  pastor  of  a  Congregational  church  at 
Sauk  Rapids,  where  he  recently  died. 

METHODIST  MISSIONS. 

In  1837  the  Rev.  A.  Bnmson  commenced  a 
Methodist  mission  at  Kaposia,  about  four  miles 
below,  and  opposite  Saint  Paul.  It  was  afterwards 
removed  across  the  river  to  Red  Rock.  He  was 
assisted  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  W.  Pope,  and  the 
latter  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  J.  Holton. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Spates  and  others  also  labored 
for  a  brief  period  among  the  Ojibways. 

PRESBYTERIAN    jnSSIONS    CONTINTTED. 

At  the  stations  the  Dahkotah  language  was  dil- 
igently studied.  Rev.  S.  W.  Pond  had  prepared 
a  dictionary  of  three  thousand  words,  and  also  a 
small  grammar.  The  Rev.  S.  R.  Riggs,  who 
joined  the  mission  in  1837,  in  a  letter  dated 
February  24,  1841,  writes:  "Last  summer 
after  returning  from  Fort  SneUing.  I  spent  live 
weeks  in  copying  again  the  Sioux  vocabulary 
which  we  had  collected  and  arranged  at  this  sta- 


tion. It  contamed  then  about  5500  words,  not 
including  the  various  forms  of  the  verbs.  Since 
that  time,  the  words  collected  by  Dr.  "Williamson 
and  myself,  have,  I  presume,  increased  the  num- 
ber to  six  thousand.  *****  lu  this  cun- 
nection,  I  may  mention  that  dm'ing  the  winter  of 
1839-40,  Mrs.  Riggs,  with  some  assistance,  wrote 
an  English  and  Sioiix  vocabulary  containing 
about  three  thousand  words.  One  ot  Mr.  Ren- 
ville's sons  and  three  of  his  daughteis  are  en- 
gaged in  copjing.  In  committing  tlie  grammati- 
cal principles  of  the  language  to  writing,  we  have 
done  something  at  this  station,  but  more  has  been 
done  by  Mr.  S.  W.  Pond." 

Steadily  the  number  of  Indian  missionaries 
increased,  and  in  1851,  before  the  lands  of  the 
Dahkotahs  west  of  the  ]Mississippi  were  ceded  to 
the  whites,  they  were  disposed  as  follows  by  the 
Dahkotah  Presb5'tei'y. 

Lfic-qui-park,  Rev.  S.  R.  Riggs,  Rev.  M.  N. 
Adams,  Ilissionaries,  Jonas  Pettijohn.  ]\Irs. 
Famiy  Pettijohn,  Mrs.  iMary  Ann  Riggs,  ]\Irs. 
^Mary  A.  M.  Adams,  Miss  Sarah  Rankin.  As- 
sistants. 

Traverse  cles  Sioux,  Rev.  Robert  Hopkins,  Mis- 
sionar[i;  Mrs.  Agnes  Hopkins,  Alexander  G. 
Ilnggins,  Mrs.  Lydia  P.  Huggins,  Assistiints. 

Shcd-2jay,  or  Sholpay,  Rev.  Samuel  W.  Pond, 
3Iissionary;  Mrs.  Sarah  P.  Pond,  Assistant. 

Onl-  Grove,  Rev.  Gideon  II.  Pond  and  wife. 

Kaposia,  Rev.  Thomas  Williamson,  M.  D., 
Missionai-y  and  Physician;  Mrs.  Margaret  P. 
Williamson,  Miss  Jane  S.  "Williamson,  Assistants. 

Bed  Wing,  Rev.  Jolm  F.  Alton,  Rev.  Joseph 
W.  Hancock,  3Iissionaries;  Mrs.  Nancy  II.  Alton, 
]\Irs.  Hancock,  Assistants. 

The  Rev.  Daniel  Gavin,  the  Swiss  Presbyte- 
rian ilissionary.  spent  the  winter  of  1839  in  Lac- 
qui-Parle  and  was  afteiT\anls  married  to  a  niece 
of  the  Rev.  J.  D.  Stevens,  of  the  Lake  Harriet 
Mission.  Mr.  Stevens  became  the  fanner  and 
teacher  of  the  "Wapashaw  band,  and  the  lii.-l 
white  man  who  lived  where  the  city  of  "Winona 
has  been  built.  Another  missionary  from  Switz- 
erland, Ihe  Rev.  Mr.  Denton,  man-ied  a  Miss 
Skinner,  formerly  of  the  Mackinaw  mission. 
During  a  portion  of  the  year  1839  these  Swiss 
missionaries  lived  with  the  American  mission- 
aries at  camp  Cold  "Water  near  Fnrt  Snelling, 
but  their  chief  field  of  labor  was  at  Red  Wing. 


112 


EXl'LORERS  ASU  FIONEElilS  OF  MlNNEHOrA.. 


CHAPTER  XX. 


TRKAD   OF    PIONEERS   IN   THE   SAINT  CUOIX    VALLEY  AND  ELSEWHERE. 


Origio  of  the  namp  Saint  Croix— Du  Luth,  first  Explorer— Froncti  Post  on  the  St. 
Croix— Pitt,  an  early  pioneer— Early  aettlem  at  Saint  Croix  Falli- First  women 
there — Marine  Settlement — Joseph  R.  Brown's  town  site— Saint  Croix  County 
orKaniied- Proprietors  of  Stillw;iter — A  dead  Nefro  wimian— Pig's  Eye,  origin 
of  name— Rise  of  Saint  Paul  -Dr  Williamson  secures  first  school  tciicher  ri>r 
Saint  Paul— Peacription  of  flt^t  school  room— Saiut  Croix  County  re^trganized 
— Rev.  W.  T.  Boutwell,  pioneer  clerpjnuan. 

The  Saint  Croix  river,  arcordiiif?  to  Le  Sueur, 
named  after  a  Frenchman  wlio  was  ilniwiied  at 
its  mouth,  was  one  of  the  earUest  throufilifares 
from  Lake  Superior  to  tlie  Mississippi.  The  first 
white  man  who  directed  canoes  upon  its  ■waters 
was  Du  Lutli.  wlio  liad  in  HiTlt  exiilorcil  Minne- 
sota. He  llius  describes  liis  tour  in  a  letter,  first 
publislied  by  Ilarrisse:  •■  In  .June.  IfiSO,  not  be- 
ing satisfied,  witli  liaviiif;  math-  iii>  di.scDvery  by 
land,  I  took  two  canoes,  with  an  Indian  wlio  was 
my  inteqireter,  and  four  Frenchmen,  to  seek 
means  to  make  it  by  water.  With  tliis  view  I 
entered  a  river  which  empties  eight  leagues  from 
tlie  extremity  of  Lake  Superior,  on  the  south 
Bide,  wliere,  after  having  cut  some  trees  and 
broken  about  a  hundred  beaver  dams,  I  readied 
the  uiijier  waters  of  tlie  said  river,  anil  then  I 
made  a  portage  of  half  a  league  to  reach  a  lake. 
the  outlet  of  which  fell  into  a  very  fine  river, 
which  t^iok  me  down  into  the  Mississippi.  There 
I  Icarneil  from  eight  cabins  of  .Niidoiiecioux  that 
the  Rev.  Father  Louis  Hennepin,  Hecollect.  now 
at  the  convent  of  Saint  (iermain,  with  two  otlier 
Frenchmen  liad  been  nihlied,  and  carried  off  as 
slaves  for  more  than  llirce  Imndied  leagues  by 
the  Nadoiiecitiux  themselves." 

lie  then  relates  how  he  left  two  Fniiclinien 
with  his  goods,  and  went  with  his  intcrpri'tcr  and 
two  Frenchmen  in  a  canoe  down  the  Mississippi, 
and  after  two  days  and  two  nights,  fomid  Henne- 
pin, Accault  and  Angelle.  He  told  Hennepin 
that  he  must  return  with  him  through  the  country 
of  the  Fox  tribe,  and  writes  :  "  I  preferred  t«  re- 
trace my  slcjis,  manifesting  to  them  [the  Sioux] 
the  just  indignation  I  felt  against  them,  rather 
than  to  remain  after  the  violence  they  had  clone 


to  the  Rev.  Father  and  the  other  two  Freiulimen 
■with  him,  whom  I  put  in  my  canoes  and  brought 
them  to  Michilimackinack." 

After  this,  the  Saint  Croix  river  became  a  chan- 
nel for  commerce,  and  Bellin  writes,  that  before 
175.5,  the  French  had  erected  a  fort  forty  leagues 
from  its  mouth  and  twenty  from  Lake  Superior. 

The  jiine  forests  between  the  Saint  Croix  and 
Mimiesota  had  been  for  several  years  a  tempta- 
tion to  energetic  men.  As  early  as  November, 
1836,  a  Mr.  Pitt  went  with  a  boat  and  a  party  of 
men  to  the  F;iils  of  Saint  Croix  to  cut  phie  tim- 
ber, with  the  consent  of  the  Chippeways  but  the 
dissent  of  the  United  States  authorities. 

In  lfs87  while  the  treaty  was  beingmade  by  Com- 
missioners Dodge  and  Smith  at  Fort  Snelling,  on 
one  Sunday  Franklin  Steele,  Dr.  Fitch,  Jeremiah 
Russell,  and  a  Mr.  Maginnis  left  Fort  Snelling 
fur  file  Falls  of  Saint  Croix  in  a  birch  bark  canoe 
paddlcti  by  eight  men.  and  reached  that  point 
about  noon  on  ^londay  and  commenced  a  log 
cabin.  Steele  and  Miigiiinis  remained  here, 
while  the  others,  diviiling  into  two  jiarties,  one 
under  Fitch,  and  the  other  under  Russell,  search- 
ed for  pine  land.  The  first  stopped  at  Sun  Uise, 
while  Riissel  went  on  to  the  Snake  River.  About 
the  saiiic  time  Kolibinet  and  Jesse  B.  Taylor 
came  to  the  Falls  in  the  interest  of  IJ.  F.  Baker 
who  had  a  stone  trading  house  near  Fort  Siielliiig, 
since  destroyeil  by  lire.  On  the  fifteenth  ol'.Iuly, 
1888,  the  I'alniyra.  Capl.  Ilolliunl,  arrivcil  at 
the  Fort,  with  tlie  ollicial  notice  of  the  I'iitilica- 
tioii  of  the  treaties  ceding  the  lanils  between  the 
Saint  Croix  and  .Mississippi. 

She  had  on  board  C.  A.  Tuttle,  L.  W.  Stratton 
and  others,  with  the  machinery  for  the  projected 
mills  of  the  Northwest  Lumber  Conipany  at  the 
Falls  of  Saint  Croix,  and  reached  that  jioiiit  on 
the  seventeenth,  the  first  steamboat  to  distiali  the 
waters  above  Lake  Saint  Croix.  The  steamer 
Gypsy   came  to  the  fort  on  the  twenty-first  of 


WOMEN  IN  THE  VALLEY  OF  THE  SAINT  CROIX. 


113 


October.,  witli  goods  for  the  Chippeways,  and  was 
chartered  for  four  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  to 
carry  them  up  to  the  Falls  of  Saint  Croix.  In 
passuig  through  the  lake,  the  boat  grounded  near 
a  projected  town  called  Stambaughville,  after  S. 
C.  Stambaugh,  the  sutler  at  the  fort.  On  the 
afternoon  of  the  26th,  the  goods  were  landed,  as 
stipulated. 

The  agent  of  the  Improvement  Company  at  the 
falls  was  Washington  Libbey,  who  left  in  the  fall 
of  1838,  and  was  succeeded  by  Jeremiah  Kussell, 
Strattou  actuig  as  millwright  in  place  of  Calvin 
Tuttle.  On  the  twelfth  of  December,  Russell  and 
StrattoH  walked  down  the  river,  cut  the  first  tree 
and  built  a  cabin  at  Marine,  and  sold  their  claim. 

The  first  women  at  the  Falls  of  Saint  Croix  were 
a  Mrs.  Orr,  Mrs.  Sackett,  and  the  daughter  of  a 
Mr.  Young.  During  the  winter  of  1.S3S-9,  Jere- 
miah Russell  married  a  daughter  of  a  respectable 
and  gentlemanly  trader,  Charles  H.  Oakes. 

Among  the  first  preachers  were  the  Rev.  W.  T. 
Boutwell  and  ilr.  Seymour,  of  the  Chippeway 
Mission  at  Pokeguma.  The  Rev.  A.  Brunson,  of 
Prairie  du  Chien,  who  visited  this  region  in  1838, 
wrote  that  at  the  mouth  of  Snake  River  he  fomid 
Franklin  Steele,  with  twenty-five  or  thirty  men, 
cutting  timber  for  a  mill,  and  when  he  offered  to 
preach  Mr.  Steele  gave  a  cordial  assent. 

On  the  sixteenth  of  August,  Mr.  Steele,  Li\ing- 
stou,  and  others,  left  the  Falls  of  Saint  Croix  in  a 
barge,  and  went  around  to  Fort  SnelHug. 

The  steamboat  Fayette  about  the  middle  of 
May,  1839,  landed  sutlers'  stores  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing  and  then  proceeded  with  several  persons  of 
intelligence  to  the  Saint  Croix  river,  who  s  'Uled 
at  Marine. 

The  place  was  called  after  Marine  in  Madison 
county,  Illinois,  where  the  company,  consisting 
of  Judd,  Hone  and  others,  was  formed  to  build 
a  saw  mill  in  the  Saint  Croix  Valley.  The  mill 
at  Marine  commenced  to  saw  lumber,  on  August 
24, 1839,  the  first  in  Minnesota. 

Joseph  R.  Brown,  who  since  1838,  had  lived  at 
Chan  Wakan,  on  the  west  side  of  Grey  Cloud 
Island,  this  year  made  a  claim  near  the  upper 
end  of  the  city  of  Stillwater,  which  he  called 
Dahkotah,  and  was  the  first  to  raft  lumber  down 
the  Saint  Croix,  as  well  as  the  first  to  represent 
the  citizens  of  the  valley  in  the  legislature  of 
Wisconsin. 


Until  the  year  1841,  the  jurisdiction  of  Craw- 
ford county,  AVisconsm,  extended  over  the  delta 
of  country  between  the  Saint  Croix  and  Missis- 
sippi. Joseph  R.  Browii  having  been  elected  as 
representative  of  the  county,  in  the  territorial 
legislature  of  Wisconsin,  succeeded  ui  obtaining 
the  passage  of  an  act  on  Kovember  twentieth, 
1841,  organizing  the  county  of  Sauit  Croix,  with 
Dahkotah  designated  as  the  county  seat. 

At  the  time  prescribed  for  holding  a  court  in 
the  new  county,  it  is  said  that  the  judge  of  the 
district  arrived,  and  to  his  surprise,  found  a 
claim  cabin  occupied  by  a  Frenchman.  Speedily 
retreating,  he  never  came  again,  and  judicial 
proceedings  for  Saint  Croix  county  ended  for 
several  years.  Phineas  Lawrence  was  the  first 
sheriff  of  this  county. 

On  the  tenth  of  October,  1843,  w^as  commenced 
a  settlement  which  has  become  the  town  of  Still- 
water. The  names  of  the  proprietors  were  Jolm 
McKusick  from  Maine,  Calvin  Leach  from  Ver- 
mont. Elam  Greeley  from  Maine,  and  Elias 
McKean  from  Peinisylvania.  They  immediately 
commenced  the  erection  of  a  sawmill. 

John  H.  Fonda,  elected  on  the  twenty-second 
of  September,  as  coroner  of  Crawford  county, 
Wisconsm,  asserts  tliat  he  was  once  notified  that 
a  dead  body  was  lying  in  the  water  opposite  Pig's 
Eye  slough,  and  immediately  proceeded  to  the 
spot,  and  on  taking  it  out,  recognized  it  as  the 
body  of  a  negro  woman  belonging  to  a  certain 
captain  of  the  United  States  army  then  at  Fort 
Crawford.  The  body  was  cruelly  cut  and  bruised, 
but  no  one  appearing  to  recognise  it,  a  verdict  of 
"  Found  dead,"  was  rendered,  and  the  corpse  was 
buried.  Soon  after,  it  came  to  light  that  the 
woman  was  whipped  to  death,  and  thrown  into 
the  river  during  the  night. 

The  year  that  the  Dahkotahs  ceded  their  lands 
east  of  the  Mississippi,  a  Canadian  Frenchman 
by  the  name  of  PaiTant,  the  ideal  of  an  Intlian 
whisky  seller,  erected  a  shanty  in  what  is  now 
the  city  of  Saint  Paul.  Ignorant  and  overbear- 
ing he  loved  money  more  than  his  own  soul. 
Destitute  ot  one  eye,  and  the  other  resembling 
that  of  a  pig,  he  was  a  good  representative  of 
Caliban.  Some  one  writing  from  his  groggery 
designated  it  as  "  Pig's  Eye."  The  reply  to  the 
letter  was  directed  in  gootl  faith  to "  Pig's  Eye" 


114 


EXPLOREPiS  AXI)  riOyEEBS  OF  JIIXXESOTA. 


Some  years  ago  the  editor  of  the  Saint  Paul 
Press  described  tlie  occasion  in  tliese  ■words : 

"  Edmund  Brisette,  a  clerkly  Frenclimau  for 
those  days,  who  lives,  or  did  live  a  little  while 
ago,  on  Lake  Harriet,  was  one  day  seated  at  a 
table  in  Parrant's  cabin,  with  pen  and  paper 
about  to  write  a  letter  for  Parrant  (for  I'arrant. 
like  Charlemagre.  could  not  write)  to  a  friend 
of  the  latter  in  Canada.  Tlie  question  of  geog- 
raphy puzzled  Bri.ssette  at  the  outset  of  the 
epistle ;  where  should  he  date  a  letter  from  a 
place  W'ithout  a  name  y  lie  looked  uj)  in(iuir- 
ingly  to  Parrant,  and  met  the  dead,  cold  glare  of 
the  Pig's  Eye  fixed  upon  hiiu.  with  an  irresist- 
ible suggestiveness  that  was  in^iiiration  to 
Brisette." 

In  1842,  the  late  Henry  Jackson,  of  JIahkahto, 
settled  at  the  same  spot,  and  erected  the  first 
store  on  the  height  just  above  the  lower  landing, 
Roberts  and  Siniijson  followed,  and  opened 
small  Indian  trading  shops.  In  1846,  the  site  of 
Saint  I'aul  was  chiefly  occupied  by  a  few  shanties 
owned  by  "  certain  lewd  fellows  of  the  liaser 
sort,"  who  sold  rum  to  tlie  soldier  and  Indian. 
It  was  despised  by  all  decent  white  men,  and 
knowni  to  the  Dahkotahs  by  an  expression  in 
their  tongue  which  means,  the  place  where  they 
sell  minne-wakan  [supeniaau-al  water]. 

The  chief  of  the  Kaposiaband  in  184G,  was  shot 
by  his  own  brother  in  a  drunken  revel,  but  sur- 
viving the  wound,  and  apparently  alirmed  at  tlie 
deterioration  under  the  inlluence  of  the  modem 
harpies  at  Saint  Paul,  went  to  Mr.  Bmce,  Indian 
Agent,  at  Fort  Snelling.  and  requested  a  mis- 
sionary. The  Indian  Agent  in  liis  report  to  gov- 
ernment, says : 

"The  chief  of  the  Little  Crow's  band,  who  re- 
sides below  this  place  (Fort  Snelling)  al)out  nine 
miles,  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood  of  the 
Whiskey  dealers,  has  requested  to  have  a  school 
established  at  his  village,  lie  says  tliey  are  de- 
termined to  reform,  and  for  the  future,  will  try 
to  do  better.  I  wrote  to  Doctor  MMlliamson  soon 
after  the  request  was  made,  desiring  liim  to  take 
charge  of  the  school.  He  has  had  charge  of  the 
Inisslon  school  nt  Lac  <iui  I'arle  for  some  years; 
Is  well  qualified,  and  is  an  excellent  phjsician." 

In  Xovenilx-r,  184(1,  Dr.  'Williamson  came  from 
Lac  qui  I'arle,  as  recpiested,  and  became  a  resi- 
dent of  Kaposia.    AVhile  disapproving  of  their 


practices,  he  felt  a  kindly  interest  in  the  whites 
of  Pig's  Eye,  which  jilace  was  now  beginning  to 
be  called,  after  a  little  log  chapel  which  had  been 
erected  at  the  suggestion  of  llev.  L.  Galtier,  and 
called  Saint  Paufs.  Though  a  missionary  among 
the  Dahkotahs,  he  was  the  first  to  take  steps  to 
promote  the  education  of  the  whites  and  half- 
breeds  of  Minnesota.  In  the  year  1847,  he  wrote 
to  ex-(iovernor  Slade,  President  of  the  National 
Popular  Education  Society,  in  relation  to  the 
condition  of  what  has  subsequently  become  the 
capital  of  the  state. 

In  accordance  with  his  request.  Miss  II.  E. 
Bishop  came  to  his  mission-house  at  Kaposia, 
and,  after  a  short  time,  was  introduced  by  him 
to  the  citizens  of  Saint  Paul.  The  first  school- 
house  in  ilinnesota  besides  those  connected  with 
the  Indian  missions,  stood  near  the  site  of  the 
old  Brick  Presbyterian  church,  corner  of  Saint 
Peter  and  Third  street,  and  is  thus  described  by 
the  teacher  : 

•'  The  school  was  commenced  in  a  little  log 
hovel,  covered  with  bark,  and  cliinked  with  mud. 
previovisly  used  as  a  blacksmitli  shop.  On  three 
sides  of  the  interior  of  this  hnniMe  log  cabin, 
pegs  were  driven  into  the  logs,  upon  which  boards 
were  laid  for  seats.  Another  seat  was  made  by 
placing  one  end  of  a  plank  between  the  cracks 
of  the  logs,  and  the  other  upon  a  chair.  This 
was  for  visitors.  A  rickety  cro.ss-legged  table  in 
the  centre,  and  a  heu"s  nest  in  one  conuT.  com- 
pleted the  furniture." 

Saint  Croix  county,  in  the  year  1847,  was  de- 
tached from  Crawford  county,  "Wisconsin,  and 
reorganized  for  judicial  imrjioses,  and  Stillwater 
made  the  county  seat.  In  the  month  of  June 
the  United  States  District  Coui't  held  its  session 
in  tlie  store-room  of  Mr,  John  McKusick  ;  Judge 
Charles  Dunn  presiding.  A  large  number  of 
lumbermen  had  been  attracted  by  the  pineries 
in  the  upjier  portion  of  the  valley  of  Saint  Croix, 
and  Stillwater  was  looked  upon  as  the  center  of 
the  lunilicring  interest. 

The  Hi'V.  Mr.  lioiitwcll.  feeling  that  lie  could 
be  more  u.serul,  left  tlie  Ojibways,  anil  took  up 
Ills  residence  near  Stillwater,  preaching  to  the 
lumbermen  at  the  Falls  of  Saint  Croix,  Marhie 
Mills.  Stillwater,  and  Cottage  (irove.  In  a  letter 
speaking  of  Stillwater,  he  says,  "  Ilfie  Is  a  little 
village  sprung  up  like  a  goiinl,  but  whether  it  is 
to  perish  as  soon,  tiod  uiily  knows." 


NAMES  PROPOSED  FOR  MINNESOTA   TERRITORY 


11.5 


CHAPTER  XXI. 


EVENTS  PRELIMINARY  TO  THE  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  MINNESOTA  TERRITORY, 


Wisconsin  State  Bounilaries — First  Bill  for  the  Organization  of  Minnesota  Tprri- 
tory,  A.  D.  1846 — Cliange  of  Wisconsin  Boundary — Memorial  of  Saint  Croix 
Valley  citizens — Various  names  propose'l  tor  tlie  New  Territory — Convention  at 
Stillwater — H.  H.  Sibley  elected  Delegate  to  Congress. — Derivation  of  word 
Minnesota. 

Three  years  elapsed  from  the  time  that  the 
territory  of  2iliimesuta  was  proposetl  in  Congress, 
to  the  flnal  passage  of  the  organic  act.  On  the 
sixth  of  August,  1846,  an  act  was  passed  by  Con- 
gress authorizing  the  citizens  of  Wisconsin  Ter- 
ritory to  frame  a  constitution  and  form  a  state 
government.  The  act  fixed  the  Saint  Louis  river 
to  the  rapids,  from  tlience  soutli  to  tlie  Saint 
Croix,  and  tlience  down  tliat  river  to  its  junction 
with  the  Mississippi,  as  the  western  boimdary. 

On  the  twenty -third  of  December,  1846,  tlie 
delegate  from  Wisconsin,  ^Morgan  L.  Alartin,  m- 
troduced  a  bill  m  Congress  for  the  organization 
of  a  territory  of  Minnesota.  This  bill  made  its 
western  boundary  the  Sioux  and  Red  River  of 
the  North.  On  the  third  of  March,  1847,  per- 
mission was  granted  to  Wisconsin  to  change  her 
boundary,  so  that  the  western  limit  would  pro- 
ceed due  south  from  the  first  rapids  of  the  Saint 
Louis  river,  and  fifteen  miles  east  of  the  most 
easterly  point  of  Lake  Saint  Croix,  thence  to  the 
Mississippi. 

A  number  in  the  constitutional  convention  of 
Wisconsin,  were  anxious  that  Rum  river  should 
be  a  part  of  her  western  boundary,  whUe  citizens 
of  the  valley  of  the  Saint  Croix  were  desirous 
that  the  Chippeway  river  should  be  the  limit  of 
Wisconsin.  The  citizens  of  Wisconsin  Territory, 
in  the  valley  of  tlie  Saint  Croix,  and  about  Fort 
Snelling,  wished  to  be  included  in  the  projected 
new  territory,  and  on  the  twenty-eighth  of  March, 
1848,  a  memorial  signed  by  II.  II.  Sibley,  Henry 
M.  Rice,  Franklin  Steele,  William  R.  Marshall, 
and  others,  was  presented  to  Congress,  remon- 
strating against  the  proposition  before  the  con- 
vention to  make  Rum  river  a  part  of  the  bound- 
ary line  of  the  contemplated  state  of  Wisconsin. 


On  the  twenty-ninth  of  May,  1848,  the  act  to 
admit  Wisctmsin  changed  the  boundary  line  to 
the  present,  and  as  first  defined  in  the  enabling 
act  of  1846.  After  the  bill  of  JNIr.  ifartin  was 
introduced  into  the  House  of  Representatives  in 
1846  it  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Terri- 
tories, of  which  Mr.  Douglas  was  chairman.  On 
the  twentieth  of  January,  1847,  he  reported  in 
favor  of  the  proposed  territory  with  the  name 
of  Itasca.  On  the  seventeenth  of  February,  be- 
fore the  bill  passed  the  House,  a  discussion  arose 
in  relation  to  the  proposed  name.  Mr.  Win- 
tlirop  of  ^Massachusetts  proposed  Chippewa  as  a 
substitute,  alleging  that  this  tribe  was  the  prin- 
cipal in  the  proposed  territory,  which  was  not 
correct.  Mr.  J.  Thompson  of  Mississippi  disliked 
all  Inilian  names,  and  hoped  the  territory  would 
be  called  Jackson.  Mr.  Houston  of  Delaware 
thought  that  there  ought  to  be  one  territory 
named  after  the  "  Father  of  his  country,"  and 
proposed  Washington.  All  of  the  names  pro- 
posed were  rejected,  and  the  name  in  the  original 
bill  inserted.  On  the  last  day  of  the  session, 
^larcli  third,  the  bill  was  called  up  in  the  Senate 
and  laid  on  the  table. 

When  Wisconsin  became  a  state  the  query 
arose  whether  the  old  territorial  government  did 
niit  continue  in  force  west  of  the  Saint  Croix 
river.  The  first  meeting  on  the  subject  of  claim- 
ing territorial  privileges  was  held  in  the  building 
at  Saint  Paul,  known  as  Jackson's  store,  near  the 
corner  of  Bench  and  Jackson  streets,  on  the 
bluff.  This  meeting  was  held  in  July,  and  a 
convention  was  proposed  to  consider  their  posi- 
tion. The  first  public  meeting  was  held  at  Still- 
water on  August  fourth,  and  Messrs.  Steele  and 
Sibley  were  the  only  persons  present  from  the 
west  side  of  the  Mississippi.  This  meeting  is- 
sued a  call  f<u'  a  general  convention  to  lake  steps 
to  secure  an  early  territorial  organization,  to 
assemble  on  the  twenty-sixth  of  the  month  at 


116 


EXPLOESBS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


the  same  place.  Sixty-two  delegates  answered 
the  call,  and  among  those  present,  were  AV.  D. 
Phillips.  J.  "\V.  15ass,  A.  Lai-pentenr.  J.  M.  Boal. 
and  others  from  Saint  Paul.  To  the  convention 
a  letter  was  presented  from  Mr.  C'atlin,  who 
claimed  to  be  acting  governor,  giving  his  opinion 
that  the  Wisconsin  territorial  organization  was 
still  in  force.  The  meeting  also  appointed  ilr. 
Sihiey  to  visit  "Washmgton  and  represent  their 
views ;  but  the  lion.  John  II.  Tweedy  having 
resigned  his  oflice  of  delegate  to  Congress  on 
September  eighteenth,  1848,  Mr.  Catlin,  who  had 
made  Stillwater  a  temporary  residence,  oji  the 
ninth  of  October  issued  a  proclamation  ordering 
a  special  election  at  Stillwater  on  the  thirtieth, 
to  fill  a  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation. 
At  this  election  Henry  11.  Sibley  was  elected  as 
delegate  of  the  citizens  of  the  remaining  portion 
of  Wisconsin  Territory.  His  credentials  were 
presented  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  and 
tlie  committee  to  whom  the  matter  was  referred 
presented  a  majority  and  minority  report;  but 
the  resolution  introduced  by  the  majority  passed 
and  Mr.  Sibley  took  his  seat  as  a  delegate  from 
Wisconsin  Territory  on  the  lifteentli  of  January, 
1849. 

Mr.  II.  M.  Rice,  and  other  gentlemen,  visited 
Wasliington  during  tlie  winter,  and,  uniting  with 
Mr.  Sililey.  used  all  their  energies  to  olitain  the 
organization  of  a  new  territory. 

Air.  Siljley.  in  an  interesting  communication  to 
the  Minnesota  Historical  Society,  writes :  "  When 
my  credentials  as  Delegate,  were  presented  by 
Hon.  James  Wilson,  of  New  Hampshire,  to  the 


House  of  Representatives,  there  was  some  curi- 
osity manifested  among  the  members,  to  see  what 
kind  of  a  person  had  lieen  elected  to  represent  the 
distant  and  wild  territory  claiming  representation 
in  Congress.  I  was  told  by  a  S^ew  England  mem- 
ber with  wliom  I  became  subsequently  quite  inti- 
mate, that  there  was  some  disappointment  when 
I  made  my  appearance,  for  it  was  expected  that 
the  delegate  from  this  remote  region  woidd  make 
his  debut,  if  not  in  full  Indian  costume,  at  least, 
with  some  peculiarities  of  dress  and  manners, 
characteristic  of  the  rude  and  semi-civilized  peo- 
ple who  had  sent  him  to  the  Capitol." 

Tlie  territory  of  Minnesota  was  named  after 
the  largest  tributary  of  the  Alississippi  within  its 
limits.  The  Sioux  call  the  Missouri  Minnesho- 
shay.  muddy  \\ater,  but  the  stream  after  which 
this  region  is  named,  Minne-sota.  Some  say  that 
Sota  means  clear;  others,  turbid;  Schoolcraft,- 
bluish  green.  Xicollet  wrote.  "  The  adjective 
Sotah  is  of  diflieidt  translation.  The  Canadians 
translated  it  b\-  a  pretty  equivalent  word,  brouille, 
perhaps  more  properly  rendered  into  English  by 
blear.  I  have  entered  upon  this  explanation  be 
cause  the  word  really  means  neither  clear  nor 
turbid,  as  some  authors  liave  asserted,  its  true 
meaning  being  found  in  the  Sioux  expression 
Ishtah-sotali,  blear-eyed."  From  the  fact  that  the 
word  signilies  neither  blue  nor  white,  but  the 
peculiar  appearance  of  the  sky  at  certain  times, 
by  some,  Aliunesota  has  been  defined  to  mean  the 
sky  tinted  W'ater,  wliich  is  certainly  poetic,  and  the 
late  Rev.  Gideon  II.  Toud  thought  quite  correct. 


MINNESOTA  IN  THE  BEGINNING. 


117 


CHAPTER  XXn. 

MmNESOTA  FROM  ITS  OltGAXIZATION  AS  A  TERRITORY,  A.  D.   1849,  TO  A.  D.   1854. 


Appearance  of  the  Country.  A,  D.  1849  —  Arrival  of  first  Editor  —  Governor 
Ramsey  arrives  —  Guest  of  H.  H.  Sibley  —  Proclamation  issued  —  Governor 
Ramsey  and  H.  M.  Rice  move  to  Saint  Paul — Fourth  of  July  Celebration — 
First  election — Early  «ewspapers — First  Courts— First  Legislature — Pioneer 
News  Carrier's  Address— Wedding  at  Fort  Snelling— Territorial  Seal— Scalp 
Dance  at  Stillwater— First  Steamboat  at  Falls  of  Saint  Anthony— Presbyterian 
Chapel  burned — Indian  council  at  Fort  Snelling — First  Steamboat  above  S^nt 
Anthony — First  boat  at  the  Blue  Earth  River — Congressional  election — Visit.of 
Fredrika  Bremer — Indian  newspaper — Other  newspapers — Second  Legislature 
— University  of  Minnesota— Teamster  killed  bylndians— Sioux  Treaties— Third 
Legislature— Land  slide  at  Stillwater — Death  of  first  Editor- Fourth  Legislature 
Baldwin  School,  now  Macalester  College^Indian  fight  in  Saint  Paul. 

On  the  third  of  March,  1849,  the  bill  was  passed 
by  Congress  for  organizing  the  territory  of 
Minnesota,  whose  boundary  on  the  west,  extended 
to  the  Missouri  River.  At  this  time,  the  region  was 
little  more  than  a  wilderness.  The  west  bank  of 
the  Mississippi,  from  the  Iowa  line  to  Lake 
Itasca,  was  unceded  by  the  Indians. 

At  Wapashaw,  was  a  trading  post  in  charge  of 
Alexis  Bailly,  and  here  also  resided  the  ancient 
voyageur,  of  fourscore  years,  A.  Rocque. 

At  the  foot  of  Lake  Pepin  was  a  store  house 
kept  by  ;Mr.  F.  S.  Richards.  On  the  west  shore  of 
the  lake  lived  the  eccentric  Wells,  whose  wife 
was  a  bois  brule.  a  daughter  of  the  deceased 
trader,  Duncan  Graham. 

The  two  unfinished  buildings  of  stone,  on 
the  beautiful  bank  opposite  the  renowned 
Maiden's  Rock,  and  the  surrounding  skin  lodges 
of  his  wife's  relatives  and  friends,  presented  a 
rude  but  picturesque  scene.  Above  the  lake  was 
a  cluster  of  bark  wigwams,  the  Uahkotah  village 
of  Raymneecha,  now  Red  Wing,  at  wliich  was  a 
Presbyterian  mission  house. 

The  next  settlement  was  Kaposia,  also  an  In- 
dian village,  and  the  residence  of  a  Presbyterian 
missionary,  the  Rev.  T.  S.  Williamson,  M.  D. 
On  the  east  side  of  the  jSiississippi,  the  first  set- 
tlement, at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix,  was  Point 
Douglas,  then  as  now,  a  small  hamlet. 

At  Red  Rock,  the  site  of  a  fonner  Methodist 
mission  station,  there  were  a  few  farmers.  Saint 
Paul  was  just  emerguig  from  a  collection  of  In- 
dian whisky  shops  and  birch  roofed  cabins  of 


half-breed  voyageurs.  Here  and  there  a  frame 
tenement  was  erected,  and,  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Hon.  11.  M.  Rice,  who  had  obtained  an  inter- 
est in  the  town,  some  warehouses  were  con- 
structed, and  the  foundations  of  the  American 
House,  a  frame  hotel,  which  stood  at  Third  and 
Exchange  street,  were  laid.  In  1849,  the  popu- 
lation had  increased  to  two  hundred  and  fifty 
or  three  huntlred  inhabitants,  for  rumors  had 
gone  abroad  that  it  might  be  mentioned  in  the 
act,  creating  the  temtory,  as  the  capital 
of  Minnesota.  More  than  a  month  after 
the  adjournment  of  Congress,  just  at  eve, 
on  the  ninth  of  April,  amid  terrific  peals  of 
thunder  and  torrents  of  rain,  the  weekly  steam 
packet,  the  first  to  force  its  way  through  tlie  icy 
barrier  of  Lake  Pepin,  rounded  the  rocky  point 
whistling  loud  and  long,  as  if  the  bearer  of  glad 
tidings.  Before  she  was  safely  moored  to  the 
landing,  the  shouts  of  the  excited  villagers  were 
heard  announcing  that  there  was  a  territory  of 
ilinnesota,  and  that  Saint  Paul  was  the  seat  of 
government. 

Every  successive  steamboat  arrival  poured  out 
on  the  landing  men  big  with  hope,  and  anxious 
to  do  something  to  mould  the  future  of  the  new 
state. 

Xiiie  days  after  the  news  of  the  existence  of  the 
teiTitory  of  ^linnesota  was  received,  there  arrived 
James  M.  Goodhue  with  press,  type,  and  printing 
apparatus.  A.  graduate  of  Amherst  college,  and 
a  lawyer  by  profession,  he  wielded  a  shai-p  pen, 
and  wrote  editorials,  which,  more  than  anything 
else,  perhaps,  induced  immigration.  Though  a 
man  of  some  faults,  one  of  the  counties  properly 
bears  his  name.  On  the  twenty-eighth  of  Ainil, 
he  issued  from  liis  press  the  first  number  of  the 
Pioneer. 

On  the  twenty  -  seventh  of  May,  Alexander 
Ramsey,  the  Governor,  and  family,  arrived  at 
Saint  Paul,  butowing  to  the  crowded  state  of  pub- 


118 


EXPLOBEBS  AND  PIONEEBS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


lie  houses,  immediately  proceeded  in  the  steamer 
to  the  establishment  of  the  Fur  Company,  known 
as  ileudota.  al  the  junction  of  the  Minnesota  and 
2ilississippi,  and  beaime  the  guest  of  tlie  Uou.  11. 
H.  Sibley. 

On  the  first  of  June.  Governor  Ramsey,  by  pro- 
clamation, declared  the  territory  duly  orsjanized. 
with  the  following  ollicers  :  Alexander  IJamsey, 
of  Pennsylvania,  Governor ;  C.  K.  Smith,  of  Ohio, 
Secretary ;  A.  Goodrich,  of  Tennessee.  Chief 
Justice  ;  D.  Cooper,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  B.  B. 
JSlcelier,  of  Kentucky.  Associate  Judges ;  Joshua 
L.  Taylor,  Mai-shal ;  U.  L.  iloss,  attorney  of  the 
United  States. 

On  the  eleventh  of  June,  a  second  proclama- 
tion was  issued,  dividing  the  territory  into  three 
temporary  judicial  districts.  The  first  comprised 
the  county  of  St.  Croix  ;  the  county  of  La  Polnte 
and  the  region  north  and  west  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  north  of  tlie  ^Minnesotaand  of  a  line  running 
due  west  from  tlie  headwaters  of  the  Miimesota 
to  the  Missouri  river,  constituted  the  second  ; 
and  the  country  westof  the  Mississippi  and  south 
of  the  Minnesota,  formed  Die  tliird  district. 
.Judge  GoocWch  was  assigned  to  the  first,  jNIeeker 
to  tlie  second,  and  Cooper  to  the  third.  A  court 
was  ordered  to  be  held  at  Stillwater  on  the  second 
Monday,  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  on  the  thu'd, 
and  at  :Mendota  on  the  fourtli  Monday  of  August. 

Until  the  twenty -sixth  of  June,  Governor 
Ramsey  and  family  had  been  guests  of  lion.  IT. 
II.  Sibley,  at  ilendota.  On  the  afternoon  of 
that  day  they  arrived  at  St.  Paul,  in  a  birch-liark 
canoe,  and  became  permanent  residents  at  the 
capital.  The  house  first  occupied  as  a  guber- 
natorial mansion,  was  a  small  frame  building  tliat 
stood  on  Third,  between  Hobert  and  Jackson 
streets,  formerly  known  as  the  Xew  England 
House. 

A  few  days  after,  the  IbDi.  II.  JM.  Uice  and 
family  moved  from  Mendota  to  St.  Paul,  and  oc- 
cupied the  house  he  had  erected  on  St.  Anthony 
street,  near  the  corner  of  Market. 

On  llie  lirst  of  July,  a  land  oilice  was  estab- 
lished at  Stillwater,  and  A.  \m\  Vorlies,  after  a 
few  weeks,  became  the  registei-. 
'  The  anniversary  of  oiu'  NatiouMl  Indeiiendence 
was  celebrated  in  a  liei'oming  manner  at  the  cap- 
tal.  The  place  selected  for  the  address,  was  a 
grove  that  stood  on  the  sites  of  the  City  Hall  and 


the  Baldwin  School  buUding,  and  the  late  Frauk- 
Un  Steele  was  the  marshal  of  the  day. 

On  the  seventh  of  July,  a  iiroclamation  was  is- 
sued, dividing  the  temtory  into  seven  council 
districts,  and  ordermg  an  election  to  be  held  on 
the  first  day  of  August,  for  one  delegate  to  rep- 
resent the  people  in  the  House  of  Kepresentatives 
of  the  United  States,  for  nine  councillors  and 
eighteen  representatives,  to  constitute  the  Legis- 
lative Assembly  of  ^Minnesota. 

In  this  month,  the  Hon.  H.  M.  Rice  despatch- 
ed a  boat  laded  with  Indian  goods  from  the 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  to  Crow  Wing,  which 
was  towed  by  horses  after  the  maimer  of  a  canal 
boat. 

The  election  on  the  first  of  August,  passed  off 
with  little  excitement,  Hon.  II,  II.  Sibley  being 
elected  delegate  to  Congress  '\\ithout  opposition. 
David  Lambert,  on  what  might,  perhaps,  be 
termed  the  old  settlers'  ticket,  was  defeated  in 
St.  Paul,  by  James  M.  Boal.  The  latter,  on  the 
night  of  the  election,  was  honored  with  a  ride 
through  town  on  the  axle  and  fore-wheels  of  an 
old  wagon,  which  was  drawn  by  his  admiring 
but  somewhat  undisciplined  ft-iends. 

J.  L.  Taylor  having  declined  the  oilice  of 
United  States  .Marshal;  A.  M.  Mitchell,  of  Ohio, 
a  graduate  of  West  Point,  and  colonel  of  a  regi- 
ment of  Ohio  volunteers  in  the  ^lexicau  war.  was 
appointed  and  arii\ed  at  the  capital  early  in 
August. 

There  were  three  papers  indilished  in  the  ter- 
ritory soon  after  its  organization.  The  first  was 
the  Pioneer,  issued  on  .\pril  twenty-eighth,  1S49, 
under  most  discouraging  circumstances.  It  was 
at  first  the  iuteulion  of  the  witty  and  reckless 
editor  to  have  called  his  paper  "  Tlie  Epistle  of 
St.  Paul."  About  the  same  time  there  was  issued 
in  Cincinnati,  under  the  auspices  of  the  late  Dr. 
A.  Randall,  of  California,  the  first  number  of 
the  Register.  The  second  number  of  the  paper 
was  printed  at  St.  Paul,  in  .liily,  and  the  olfice 
was  on  St.  Anthony,  between  ^\  ashingtou  and 
Market  Streets,  About  the  first  of  June,  James 
Hughes,  jiflerwanl  of  Hudson.  Wisconsin,  arrived 
with  a  iiress  and  materials,  and  established  the 
Minnesota  Chronicle.  After  an  existence  of  a 
few  weeks  two  papers  were  discontinued;  and, 
in  theh  place,  was   issued  the  "  Chronicle  and 


DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  TE3IP0RABY  CAPITOL. 


119 


Register,"  edited  by  Nathaiel  McLean  and  John 
P.  Owens. 

The  first  courts,  pursuant  to  proclamation  of 
the  governor,  were  lield  in  the  month  of  August. 
At  Stillwater,  the  court  was  organized  on  the 
thirteenth  of  the  month,  Judge  Goodrich  pre- 
siding, and  Judge  Cooper  by  courtesy,  sitting  on 
the  bench.  On  the  twentieth,  the  second  judi- 
cial district  held  a  court.  The  room  used  was 
the  old  government  mill  at  Minneapolis.  The 
presiding  judge  was  B.  B.  Meeker;  the  foreman 
of  the  grand  jury,  Franklin  Steele.  On  the  last 
Monday  of  the  month,  the  court  for  the  third 
judicial  district  was  organized  in  the  large  stone 
warehouse  of  the  fur  company  at  Mendota.  The 
presiding  judge  was  David  Cooper.  Governor 
Ramsey  sat  on  the  right,  and  Judge  Goodrich  on 
the  left.  Hon.  II.  II.  Sibley  was  the  foreman  of 
the  grand  jury.  As  some  of  the  jurors  could  not 
speak  the  English  language,  W.  H.  Forbes  acted 
as  interpreter.  The  charge  of  Judge  Cooper  was 
lucid,  scholarly,  and  dignified.  At  the  request 
of  the  grand  jury  it  was  afterwards  published. 

On  Monday,  the  third  of  September,  the  first 
Legislative  Assembly  convened  in  the  "  Central 
Hour. "'in  Samt  Paul,  a  building  at  the  corner 
of  Minnesota  and  Bench  streets,  facuig  the 
Mississippi  river  w'hich  answered  the  double 
purpose  of  capitol  and  hotel.  On  the  first 
floor  of  the  main  building  was  the  Secretar 
ry's  ofiice  and  Representative  chamber,  and  in 
the  second  story  was  the  library  and  Council 
chamber.  As  the  fiag  was  run  up  the  staff  in 
front  of  the  house,  a  numljer  of  Indians  sat  on  a 
rocky  bluff  in  the  vicinity,  and  gazed  at  what  to 
them  was  a  novel  and  perhaps  saddening  scene ; 
for  if  the  tide  of  immigi-ation  sweeps  in  from  the 
Pacific  as  it  has  from  the  Atlantic  coast,  they 
must  soon  dwindle. 

The  legislature  having  organized,  elected  the 
following  permanent  oflieers :  David  Olmsted, 
President  of  Council ;  Joseph  R.  Brown,  Secre- 
ary ;  II.  A.  Lambert,  Assistant.  In  the  House 
of  Representatives,  Joseph  AV.  Furber  was  elect- 
ed Speaker :  W.  D.  Phillips,  Clerk :  L.  B.  Wait, 
Assistant. 

On  Tuesday  afternoon,  both  houses  assembled 
in  the  dining  hall  of  tl]e  liotel,  and  after  prayer 
was  offered  Ijy  Rev.  E.  D.  Neill,  Governor  Ram- 
sey delivered  his  message.    The  message  was  aljly 


written,  and  its  perusal  afforded  satisfaction  at 
home  and  abroad. 

The  first  session  of  the  legislature  adjourned  on 
the  first  of  November.  Among  other  proceed- 
ings of  interest,  was  the  creation  of  the  foUowang 
counties:  Itasca,  Wapashaw,  Dahkotah,  Wah- 
nahtah,  Mahkahto,  Pembina  Washington,  Ram- 
sey and  Benton.  The  three  latter  counties  com- 
prised tlie  country  that  up  to  that  time  had  been 
ceded  by  the  Indians  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, Stillwater  was  declared  the  county  seat 
of  Washington,  Sauit  Paul,  of  Ramsey,  and  '■  the 
seat  of  justice  of  the  comity  of  Benton  was  to  be 
withm  one-quarter  of  a  mile  of  a  point  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Mississippi,  directly  opposite  the  mouth 
of  Sauk  river." 

E VENTS  OF  A.  D    18.50. 

By  the  active  exertions  of  the  secretary  of  the 
territory,  C.  K.  Smith,  Esq.,  the  Historical 
Society  of  Minnesota  was  incorporated  at  the 
first  session  of  the  legislature.  Tlie  opening  an- 
imal address  was  delivered  in  the  then  Methodist 
(now  Swedeiiborgian)  church  at  Saint  Paul,  on 
the  first  of  January,  1850. 

Tlie  following  account  of  the  proceedings  is 
from  tlie  C'luoniele  and  Register.  "The  first 
public  exercises  of  the  Minnesota  Historical 
Society,  took  place  at  the  Methodist  church.  Saint 
Paul,  on  the  first  iiist.,  and  passed  off  highly 
creditable  to  all  concerned.  The  day  was  pleasant 
and  the  attendance  large.  At  the  appointed 
hour,  the  President  and  both  Vice-Presidents  of 
the  society  being  absent ;  on  motion  of  Hon.  C. 
K.  Smith,  Hon.  Chief  Justice  Goodrich  was 
called  to  the  chair.  The  same  gentleman  then 
moved  that  a  committee,  consisting  of  Messrs. 
Parsons  K.  Johnson,  John  A.  Wakefield,  and  B. 
W.  Bnmson,  be  appointed  to  wait  upon  the 
Orator  of  the  day.  Rev.  Mr.  Neill,  and  inform 
him  that  the  audience  was  waiting  to  hear  his 
address. 

"  JSIr.  Neill  was  shortly  conducted  to  the  pulpit; 
and  after  an  eloquent  and  approriate  prayer  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Parsons,  and  music  by  the  band,  he 
proceeded  to  deliver  his  discourse  upon  the  early 
French  missionaries  auil  Voyageurs  into  Minne- 
sota. We  hope  tlie  s(jciety  will  provide  for  its 
publication  at  an  early  day. 

■'After    some    brief   remarks    by    Rev.    Mr. 


IzO 


j!:xrLui{j!J2iii  AMJ  riuy±;jbJJis  of  mixxesota. 


Hobart.  upon  the  objects  and  ends  of  history.  thi> 
ceremonies  were  conchuled  villi  a  praviT  by 
that  gentleman.  The  audience  dispersed  highly 
delighted  with  all  that  occui-red.'' 

At  this  early  period  the  Minnesota  I'ioneer 
issued  a  Carrier's  New  Year's  Address,  which 
was  amusing  doggerel.  The  reference  to  the 
future  greatness  and  ignoble  origin  of  the  capital 
of  Minnesota  was  as  follows : — 

The  cities  on  this  river  must  be  three, 
Two  that  are  built  and  one  that  is  to  be. 
One,  is  the  mart  of  all  the  tropics  yield, 
The  cane,  the  orange,  and  the  cotton-field, 
And  sends  her  sliips  aVmiad  and  boasts 
Her  trade  extended  to  a  thousiind  coasts ; 
The  other,  central  for  the  temi)erate  zone. 
Gamers  the  stores  that  on  the  plains  are  grown, 
A  place  where  steamboats   from  all  quarters, 

range, 
To  meet  and  speculate,  as  'twere  on  'change. 
The  third  u-ill  he,  where  rivers  confluent  How 
From  the  wide  spreading  north  through  plains 

of  snow ; 
The  mart  of  all  that  botnidless  forests  give 
To  make  mankind  mme  comfortably  Uve, 
Tlie  land  <if  manufacturing  industry, 
The  workshop  of  the  nation  it  shall  be. 
Propelled  by  this  wide  stream,  you'll  see 
A  tliousanil  factories  at  Saint  Anthony  : 
And  the  Saint  Croix  a  hundreil  mills  .shall  drive. 
And  all  its  smiling  villages  sliall  thrive ; 
]{ut  then  1111/  town -remember  that  high  bench 
With  cabins  scattered  over  it,  of  French  ? 
A  man  named  llenrj'  Jackson's  living  there. 
Also  a  miin— why  every  one  knows  L.  Robair, 
JJelow  Fort  Siielling,  seven  mi'.es  or  so, 
And  three  abfive  the  village  of  ()1<1  ("row? 
Fig's  Fye  V    Yes ;  I'ig's  Eye  !    That's  the  spot  I 
A  very  funny  name ;  is't  not  V 
Fig's  Eye's  the  spot,  toi>laiit  my  city  on. 
Til  be  reniemliered  by,  when  1  am  gone. 
Fig's  Eye  converted  thou  shalt  be,  like  Saul : 
Thy  name  henceforth  shall  be  Saint  Faul. 

On  the  evening  of  New  Year's  day,  at  Fort 
SnelUng,  there  was  an  a.ssi-mlilage  which  is  only 
seen  on  the  outposts  of  civili/jition.  In  one  of 
the  stone  editices,  outside  of  the  wall,  belonging 
to  the  United  States,  there  n-sided  a  gentlemali 
who  had  dwelt  in  Minnesota  since  the  year  1«19, 


and  for  many  years  had  been  in  the  employ  of 

the  govenmient,  as  Indian  interpreter.  In  youth 
he  had  been  a  member  of  the  Columbia  Fur  Com- 
pany, and  conforming  to  the  habits  of  traders, 
had  piu-chased  a  Dahkotah  wife  who  was  wholly 
ignorant  of  the  Endisli  lauiruage.  As  a  family 
of  children  gathered  around  him  he  recognised 
the  relation  of  husband  and  father,  and  consci- 
entiously discharged  his  duties  as  a  parent.  His 
daughter  at  a  proper  age  was  sent  to  a  boarding 
school  of  some  celebrity,  and  on  the  night  re- 
ferred to  was  married  to  an  iutelligent  young 
American  farmer.  Among  the  guests  present 
were  the  othcers  of  the  garrison  in  full  uniform, 
with  their  wives,  the  United  Slates  Agent  for 
the  Dahkotahs,  and  family,  the  bois  brules  of 
the  neigliborhood.and  the  Indian  relatives  of  the 
mother.  The  mother  did  not  make  her  appear- 
ance, but.  as  the  minister  proceeded  with  the 
ceremony,  the  Dahkotah  relatives,  wrapped  in 
their  blankets,  gathered  in  the  hall  and  looked 
in  through  the  door. 

The  marriage  feast  was  worthy  of  the  occa- 
sion. In  consequence  of  the  numbers,  the 
oflicers  and  those  of  European  extraction  partook 
first;  then  the  bois  brules  of  Ojibway  and  Dah- 
kotah descent;  and,  finally,  the  native  Ameri- 
cans, who  did  ample  justice  to  the  plentiful  sup- 
ply spread  before  them. 

Governor  Tlamsey.  Hon.  II.  H.  Sibley,  and  the 
delegate  t«  Congress  devised  at  Washington,  this 
winter,  the  territorial  seal.  Thedesign  was  Falls 
of  St.  Anthony  in  the  distance.  An  ininiigrant 
ploughing  the  land  on  the  borders  of  the  Indian 
comitry,  full  of  hope,  and  looking  forward  to  tlie 
lK)ssession  of  the  huntnig  grounds  beyond.  An 
Indian,  amazed  at  the  sight  of  the  plough,  and 
fleeing  on  horseback  towards  the  setting  siui. 

The  motto  of  the  Earl  of  Dimraven,  "Quae 
sursuni  volo  videre''  (I  wish  to.see  what  is  above) 
was  most  appropriati'ly  selected  by  Mr.  Sibley, 
but  by  the  blunder  of  an  engraver  it  ;ippeared  on 
the  UM-ritorial  seal,  "yuo  sursum  vclo  vidcre," 
wliieh  no  scholar  could  translate.  At  lejigth  wiis 
substituted,  "E'  Etoile  d.i  Xonl."  "Star  of  the 
North,"  while  the  device  of  the  setting  sim 
remained,  and  this  is  objectionable,  as  the  State 
of  Maine  hail  already  placed  the  North  Star  on 
her  escutcheon,  with  the  motto  "  Dirigo,"  "I 
guide."     Perhaps  some  future  legislature  may 


SCALP  DANCE  IN  STILLWATER. 


121 


direct  the  first  motto  to  be  restored  and  correctly 
engraved. 

In  tlie  montii  of  April,  there  was  a  renewal  of 
hostilities  between  the  Dahkotahs  and  Ojibways, 
on  lands  that  liad  been  ceded  to  the  I' nited  States. 
A  war  prophet  at  Red  Wing,  dreamed  that  he 
onght  to  raise  a  war  party.  Announcing  the  fact, 
a  number  expressed  their  willingness  to  go  on  such 
an  expedition.  Several  from  the  Kaposia  village 
also  joined  the  party,  under  the  leadership  of  a 
worthless  Indian,  who  had  been  confined  in  the 
guard-house  at  Fort  SneUing,  the  year  previous, 
for  scalpmg  his  ■nife. 

Passing  up  the  valley  of  the  St.  Croix,  a  rew 
miles  above  StUlwater  the  party  discovered  on  the 
snow  the  marks  of  a  keg  and  footprints.  These 
told  them  that  a  man  and  woman  of  the  Ojibways 
had  been  to  some  whisky  dealer's,  and  were  re- 
turning. ToUowing  their  trail,  they  found  on 
Apple  river,  about  twenty  miles  from  Stillwater, 
a  band  of  Ojibways  encamped  in  one  lodge.  Wait- 
ing till  daybreak  of  Wednesday,  April  second,  the 
Dahkotahs  commenced  firing  on  the  unsuspecting 
inmates,  some  of  whom  were  drinking  from  the 
contents  of  the  whisky  keg.  The  camp  was  com- 
posed of  fifteen,  and  all  were  murdered  and  scalp- 
ed, with  the  exception  of  a  lad,  who  was  made  a 
captive. 

On  Thursday,  the  victors  came  to  Stillwater, 
and  danced  the  scalp  dance  around  the  captive 
boy,  in  the  heat  of  excitement,  strikuig  him  in  the 
face  with  the  scarcely  cold  and  bloody  scalps  of 
his  relatives.  The  child  was  then  taken  to  Ka- 
posia, and  adopted  by  the  chief.  Governor  Ram- 
sey immediately  took  measures  to  send  the  boy  to 
his  friends.  At  a  conference  held  at  the  Gov- 
ernor's mansion,  the  boy  was  delivered  up,  and, 
on  being  led  out  to  the  kitchen  by  a  Uttle  son  of 
the  Governor,  since  deceased,  to  receive  refresh- 
ments, he  cried  bitterly,  seemingly  more  alarmed 
at  being  left  with  the  whites  than  he  had  been 
while  a  captive  at  Kaposia. 

From  the  first  of  April  the  waters  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi began  to  rise,  and  on  the  thirteenth,  the 
lower  floor  of  the  warehouse,  then  occupied  by 
William  Constans,  at  the  foot  of  Jackson  street, 
St.  Paul,  was  submerged.  Taking  advantage  of 
the  freshet,  the  steamboat  Anthony  Wayne,  for  a 
purse  of  two  hundred  dollars,  ventured  through 
the  swift  current  above  Fort  Snelling,  and  reached 


the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.  The  boat  loft  the  fort 
after  dhmer,  with  Governor  Ramsey  and  other 
guests,  also  the  band  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  on 
board,  and  reached  the  falls  between  three  and 
four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.  The  whole  town, 
men,  women  and  children,  lined  the  shore  as  the 
boat  approached,  and  welcomed  this  first  arrival, 
with  shouts  and  waving  handkerchiefs. 

On  the  afternoon  of  May  fifteenth,  there  might 
have  been  seen,  hurrying  through  the  streets  of 
Saint  Paul,  a  number  of  naked  and  painted  braves 
of  the  Kaposia  band  of  Dahkotahs,  ornamented 
with  all  the  atthe  of  war,  and  panting  for  the 
scalps  of  their  enemies.  A  few  hours  before,  the 
warlike  head  chief  of  the  Ojibways,  young  Hole- 
in-the-Day ,  having  secreted  his  canoe  in  the  retired 
gorge  wliich  leads  to  the  cave  in  the  upper  sub- 
urbs, with  two  or  three  associates  had  crossed  the 
river,  and,  almost  in  sight  of  the  citizens  of  the 
town,  had  attacked  a  small  party  of  Dahkotahs, 
and  murdered  and  scalped  one  man.  On  receipt 
t)f  the  news.  Governor  Ramsey  granted  a  parole 
to  the  thirteen  Dahkotahs  confined  in  Fort  SneU- 
ing, for  participating  in  the  Apple  river  massacre. 

On  the  morning  of  the  sixteenth  of  May,  the 
first  Protestant  church  edifice  completed  in  the 
white  settlements,  a  small  frame  building,  built 
for  the  Prcjsbyterian  church,  at  Saint  Paul,  was 
destroyed  by  fire,  it  lieing  the  first  conflagration 
that  had  occurred  since  the  organization  of  the 
territory. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  events  of  the  year 
I80O,  was  the  Indian  council,  at  Fort  Snelling. 
Governor  Ramsey  had  sent  runners  to  the  differ- 
ent bands  of  the  Ojibways  and  Dahkotahs,  to 
meet  liim  at  the  fort,  for  the  purpose  of  en- 
deavourhig  to  adjust  their  diflBculties. 

On  Wednesday,  the  twelfth  of  June,  after 
much  talking,  as  is  customary  at  Indian  councils, 
the  two  tribes  agreed  as  they  had  frequently  done 
before,  to  be  friendly,  and  (iovernor  Ramsey 
presenting  to  each  party  an  ox.  the  council  was 
dissolved. 

On  Thursday,  the  Ojibways  visited  St.  Paul 
for  the  first  time,  young  Hole-m-the-Day  being 
dressed  in  a  coat  of  a  captain  of  United  States 
infantry,  whicli  had  been  presented  to  him  at  the 
fort.  On  Friday,  they  left  in  the  steamer  Gov- 
ernor Ramsey,  which  had  been  built  at  St.  An- 
thony, and  just  commenced  rmuiing  between 


122 


EXPLORERS  ASD  I'lONEERS  OF  MINNESOTA. 


that  point  and  Sank  Rapids,  for  their  homes  in 
the  wilderness  of  the  Upper  Mississippi. 

Tlie  summer  of  1850  was  the  commencement 
of  the  navigation  of  the  Mninesota  Tiiver  by 
steamlxiats.  AVith  tlie  exception  of  a  steamer 
tliat  made  a  pleasure  excursion  as  far  as  Sliokpay, 
in  1841,  no  large  vessels  had  ever  disturbed  the 
waters  of  this  stream.  In  June,  the  '-Anthony 
Wayne,"  which  a  few  weeks  before  had  ascended 
to  the  Falls  of  St.  ^Vnthony,  made  a  trip.  On 
the  eighteenth  of  July  she  made  a  second  trip, 
RoiuR  almost  to  Mahkahto.  The  "  Nominee " 
also  navigated  the  stream  for  some  distance. 

On  the  twenty-second  of  July  the  officers  of 
the  "  Yankee."  taking  tidvantage  of  the  high 
water,  determined  to  navigate  the  stream  as  far 
as  jwssible.  The  boat  ascended  to  near  the  Cot- 
tonwood river. 

As  the  time  for  the  general  election  in  Septem- 
ber apjiroached,  considerable  excitement  was 
manifested.  As  there  were  no  political  issues 
before  the  peojile.  i)arties  were  formiMi  based  on 
l"ci-sonal  preferences.  Among  those  nominated 
for  delegate  to  Congress,  by  various  meetings, 
were  II.  II.  Sibley,  the  former  delegate  to  Con- 
gress, Pavid  Olmsted,  at  tliat  lime  engaged  in 
the  Indian  trade,  and  A.  M.  Mitchell,  the  Tnited 
States  mai-shal.  Mr.  Olmsted  withdrew  his 
name  before  election  day.  and  the  contest  was 
between  tliose  inleresteil  in  Sibley  and  Mitchell. 
The  friends  of  eacli  beliayed  the  greatest  zeal, 
and  neither  pains  nor  money  were  spared  to  in- 
sure success.  Jlr.  Sibley  was  elected  by  a  small 
njajnrity.  Tor  the  lirst  time  in  the  teiritory, 
soldiers  at  the  garrisons  voted  at  this  election, 
and  there  was  considerable  discussion  as  to  the 
propriety  of  such  a  course. 

Miss  Fredrika  Uremer.  the  well  known  Swedi.sh 
novelist,  visited  Miiniesota  in  llie  month  of 
<)ct4il)er,  and  was  the  guest  of  (iovernor  Hanisey. 

During  November,  the  Dahkotah  Tawaxilku 
Kin,  or  the  Dahkotah  Friend,  a  monthly  pajK-r, 
was  <-<>nuncni'ed,  one-half  in  the  Dahkotah  and 
one-half  in  the  Knglish  language.  Its  editor  was 
the  Kev.  (ildeon  H.  I'ond,  ii  I'resbyterian  mis- 
sionary,  anil  its  place  of  jiublicaliimat  Saint  I'aul. 
It  was  published  forncarly  two  years,  and.  tlidugh 
it  failed  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  Indian 
mind,  it  conveyed  to  the  Knglish  reader  much 


correct  information  in  relation  to  the  habits,  the 
belief,  and  superstitions,  of  the  Dalikotahs. 

On  the  tenth  of  December,  a  new  paper,  owned 
and  edited  by  Daniel  A.  Robertson,  late  Fnited 
States  marshal,  of  Ohio,  and  called  the  Minne- 
sota Democrat,  made  its  ajiiiearance. 

During  the  summer  there  had  been  changes  in 
the  editorial  supervision  of  the  "Chronicle  and 
Register."  For  a  brief  period  it  was  edited  by 
L.  A.  Raljcock,  Esq.,  who  was  succeeded  by  W. 
G.  Le  Dug. 

About  the  time  of  the  issuing  of  the  Demo- 
crat, C.  J.  Ilcnuiss.  formerly  reporter  for  the 
United  States  (lazelte,  Philadelphia,  became  the 
editor  of  the  Chronicle. 

The  fir.st  proclamation  for  a  tliaiikssiviii},'  day 
was  i.ssucil  in  ISod  by  the  governor,  and  tlie 
twenty-sixth  of  December  was  the  time  appointed 
and  it  was  generally  observed. 

EVENT.S  OF   A.  B.    I80I. 

On  "Wednesday,  January  tirst,  1851,  the  second 
Legislative  Assembly  assembled  in  a  three-.story 
brick  building,  since  destroyed  by  lire,  that  stood 
on  St.  Anthony  street.  betwe(>n  "Washington  and 
Franklin.  D.  15.  Loouiis  was  chosen  Speaker  of 
the  Council,  and  M.  E.  Ames  Speaker  of  the 
House.  This  assembly  was  characterized  by 
more  bitterness  of  feeling  than  any  that  has 
since  convened.  The  i)receding  delegate  election 
had  been  based  on  j)er.sonal  jjrefcrcnces.  and 
cliques  and  factions  manifested  llicmselves  at  an 
early  perio<l  of  the  session. 

The  locating  of  the  penitentiary  at  Stillwater, 
and  the  capitol  building  at  St.  Paul  gave  some 
(lissatisfaction.  Ry  the  efforts  of  J.  AV.  Xortli, 
Es(i..  a  bill  creating  the  University  of  Minnesota 
at  or  near  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthnny.  was  passed, 
and  sigiiccl  by  the  (Iovernor.  This  institution, 
by  the  State  Constitution,  is  now  the  Slate  Uni- 
versity. 

During  the  session  of  this  Legislature,  the  pub- 
lication of  the  "  Chronicle  and  Register  "  ceased. 

.Miiiut  the  middle  of  .May,  a  war  |)arty  of  Dali- 
kotahs discovered  near  Swan  River,  an  Ojibway 
with  a  keg  of  whLsky.  The  latter  escaped,  with 
the  loss  of  his  keg.  The  war  party,  drinking  the 
contents,  became  intoxicated,  and,  tiling  upon 
some  teamrlers  they  met  dii\  ing  tlicir  wagons 
with  goods  to  the  Indian  Agciicv ,  killeil  (me  of 


LANDS  WEST  OF  THE  MISSISSIPPI  CEDED. 


123 


them,  Andrew  Swartz,  a  resident  of  St.  Paul. 
The  news  was  conveyed  to  Fort  Ripley,  and  a 
party  of  sokUers,  with  IIole-in-the-Day  as  a  guide, 
started  in  piusiiit  of  the  murderers,  but  (.Ud  not 
succeed  tu  capturing  them.  Thi-ough  the  influ- 
ence of  Little  Six  the  Dalikotah  chief,  whose  vil- 
lage was  at  {and  named  after  liim)  Sliok- 
pay,  five  of  the  oftienders  were  arrested  and 
placed  in  tlie  guard-house  at  Fort  Snelling.  On 
Monday,  June  ninth,  they  left  the  fort  in  a  wagon, 
guarded  by  twenty-five  dragoons,  destined  for 
Sauk  Rapids  for  trial.  As  they  departed  they  all 
sang  their  death  song,  and  the  coarse  soldiers 
amused  themselves  by  making  signs  that  they 
were  gouig  to  be  hung.  On  the  fir.st  evening  of 
the  journey  the  five  culprits  encamped  wth  the 
twenty-five  dragoons.  Handcuffed,  they  were 
placed  ui  the  tent,  and  yet  at  midniglit  they  all 
escaped,  only  one  being  wounded  by  the  guard. 
What  was  more  remarkable,  the  woimded  man 
was  tlie  first  to  bring  the  news  to  St.  Paul.  Pro- 
ceeding to  Kaposia,  his  wound  was  examined  by 
the  missionary  and  physician.  Dr.  Wniiamson ; 
and  then,  fearing  an  arrest,  he  took  a  canoe  and 
paddled  up  the  Minnesota.  The  excuse  oifered 
by  the  dragoons  was,  that  all  the  guard  but  one 
fell  asleep. 

The  first  paper  published  in  Minnesota,  beyond 
the  capital,  was  tlie  St.  Anthony  Express,  which 
made  its  appearance  diuing  tlie  last  week  of 
April  or  May. 

The  most  important  event  of  the  year  1851 
was  the  treaty  witli  tlie  Dahkotahs,  by  winch  the 
west  side  of  the  Mississippi  and  the  valley  of  the 
Minnesota  River  were  opened  to  the  hardy  Immi- 
grant. The  commissioners  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States  were  Luke  Lea,  ( 'onnuissioner  of 
Indian  Affairs,  and  Governor  Ramsey.  The 
place  of  meeting  for  the  upper  bands  was  Trav- 
erse des  Sioux.  The  commission  arrived  there 
on  the  last  of  June,  but  were  obliged  to  wait 
many  days  for  the  assembling  of  the  various  bands 
of  Dahkotahs. 

On  the  eighteenth  of  July,  all  those  expected 
having  arrived,  the  Sissetoans  and  Wahpaytoan 
Dahkotahs  assembled  in  grand  comicil  with  the 
United  States  commissioners.  After  the  usual 
feastings  and  speeches,  a  treaty  was  concluded 
on  AVeihiesday,  July  twenty-third.  The  pipe 
havmg  been  smoked  by  the  commissioners,  Lea 


and  Ramsey,  it  was  passed  to  the  chiefs.  The 
paper  containing  the  treaty  was  then  read  in 
English  and  translated  into  the  Dahkotah  by  the 
Rev.  S.  R.  Riggs,  Presbyterian  Missionary  among 
this  people.  This  finished,  the  chiefs  came  up 
to  the  secretary's  table  and  touched  the  pen;  the 
white  men  present  then  witnessed  the  document, 
and  nothing  remained  but  the  ratification  of  the 
United  States  Senate  to  open  that  vast  country 
for  the  residence  of  the  hardy  immigrant. 

Dm'ing'tlie  first  week  in  August,  a  treaty  was 
also  concluded  beneath  an  oak  bower,  on  Pilot 
Knob,  Mendota,  with  the  M'dewakantonwan  and 
Wahpaykootay  bands  of  Dahkotahs.  About  sixty 
of  the  chiefs  and  principal  men  touched  the  pen, 
and  Little  Crow,  who  had  been  in  the  mission- 
school  at  Lac  qui  Parle,  signed  his  ovFn  name. 
Before  they  separated,  Colonel  Lea  and  Governor 
Ramsey  gave  them  a  few  words  of  advice  on 
various  subjects  connected  with  their  future  weU- 
being.  but  particularly  on  the  subject  of  educa- 
tion and  temperance.  The  treaty  was  interpret- 
ed to  them  by  the  Rev.  G.  H.  Pond,  a  gentleman 
who  was  conceded  to  be  a  most  correct  speaker 
of  the  Dahkotah  tongue. 

The  day  after  the  treaty  these  lower  bands 
received  thirty  thousand  dollars,  whicli,  by  the 
treaty  of  1837,  was  set  apart  for  education  ;  but, 
by  the  misrepresentations  of  interested  half- 
breeds,  tha  Indians  were  made  to  believe  that 
it  ought  to  be  given  to  them  to  be  employed  as 
they  pleased. 

The  next  week,  ^vith  their  sacks  filled  with 
money,  they  thronged  the  streets  of  St.  Paul, 
pmchasmg  whatever  pleased  their  fancy. 

On  the  seventeenth  of  September,  a  new  paper 
was  commenced  in  St.  Paul,  inider  the  auspices 
of  the  ""Whigs,"  and  John  P.  Owens  became 
editor,  which  relation  he  sustained  until  the  fall 
of  1857. 

The  election  for  members  of  the  legislature 
and  county  oflacers  occuned  on  the  fourteenth  of 
October ;  and,  for  the  first  time,  a  regular  Demo- 
cratic ticket  was  placed  before  the  people.  The 
parties  called  themselves  Democratic  and  Anti- 
organization,  or  CoaUtion. 

In  the  month  of  November  .Jerome  Fuller  ar- 
rived, and  took  the  place  of  Judge  Goodrich  as 
Chief  Justice  of  jNliunesota,  who  was  removed ; 
and,  about  the  same  time,  Alexander  Wilkin  was 


124 


BXPLOBEliS  AXD  PIONEEES  OF  MIXNESOTA. 


appointed  secretary  of  the  territory  in  place  of 
C.  K.  Smith. 

Tlie  eighteenth  of  December,  pursuant  to 
proclamation,  was  obsersed  as  a  day  of  Thanks- 
giving. 

EVENTS  OF  A.  D.   1S52. 

The  third  Legislative  Assenilil\  commenced  its 
sessions  in  one  of  the  edifices  on  Tliird  below 
Jackson  street,  which  became  a  portion  of  the 
Merchants'  Hotel,  on  the  seventh  of  January, 
16o2. 

This  session,  compared  with  the  previous, 
formed  a  contrast  as  great  as  that  between  a 
boisterous  day  in  March  and  a  calm  June  morn- 
ing. The  minds  of  the  population  were  more 
deeply  interested  in  the  ratilicatioii  of  the  treaties 
made  with  the  Dahkotahs,  than  in  political  dis- 
cussions. Among  other  legislation  of  interest 
was  the  rreation  of  IIennei)in  county. 

On  Saturday,  the  fourteenth  of  Feltruary,  a 
dog-train  airived  at  St.  Paul  from  the  north, 
with  the  distinguished  Arctic  e.xplorer.  Dr.  Rae. 
lie  liad  been  in  .search  of  the  long-missing  Sir 
John  Franklin,  by  way  of  the  Mackenzie  rive:-, 
and  was  iiow  on  his  way  to  Europe. 

On  the  fourteenth  of  ilay,  an  interesting  lusus 
natnrfe  occuiTed  at  Stillwater.  On  the  prairies, 
beyond  the  elevated  bluffs  whicli  encircle  the 
business  portion  of  the  town,  there  is  a  lake  which 
discharges  its  waters  through  a  ravine,  and  sup- 
plied McKusick's  mill.  Owing  to  heavy  rains, 
the  hills  became  saturated  with  water,  and  the 
lake  very  full.  Before  daylight  the  citizens  heard 
the  "  voice  of  many  waters,"  and  looking  out,  saw 
rushing  down  through  the  ravine,  trees,  gi-avel 
and  diluvium.  Kothing  impeded  its  course,  and 
as  it  issued  from  the  ravine  it  spread  over  the 
town  site,  covering  ui>  barns  and  small  tenements, 
and,  continuing  to  the  lake  shore,  it  materially 
improved  the  lamling,  by  a  deposit  of  many  tons 
of  earth.  One  of  the  editors  of  the  day,  alluding 
t<i  the  fact,  quaintly  remarked,  that  "it  was  a 
very  extraordinary  movement  of  real  estate.'' 

During  the  Bunnuer,  J':iijah  Terry,  a  young 
man  wlio  had  left  St.  Paul  the  previous  March, 
and  went  to  Teinbina,  to  act  as  teai-her  to  the 
mixed  bloods  in  that  vicinity,  was  murdered  mi- 
ller distressing  circumstances.  With  a  bois  brule 
he  had  started  to  the  woods  on  the  morning  of 


his  deatli.  to  hew  timljer.  "WTiile  there  he  was 
fired  upon  liy  a  small  party  of  Dahkotahs  ;  a  ball 
broke  his  arm,  and  he  was  pierced  with  aiTows. 
His  scalp  was  wrenched  from  his  head,  and  was 
afterwards  seen  among  Sisseton  Dahkotahs,  near 
Big  Stone  Lake. 

About  the  last  of  August,  the  pioneer  editor 
of  -Minnesota.  James  M.  (ioodhue.  died. 

At  the  November  Term  of  the  I'ldted  States 
District  Court,  of  Kamsey  county,  a  Dahkotali, 
named  Yu-ha-zee,  was  tried  for  the  niunkr  of  a 
German  woman.  AVith  others  she  was  travel- 
ing above  Shokpay,  when  a  party  of  Indians,  of 
whom  the  prisoner  was  one,  met  them ;  and, 
gathering  al)out  the  wagon,  were  much  excited. 
The  prisoner  punched  the  woman  first  with  his 
gun.  and.  being  threatened  by  one  of  the  party, 
loaik'(l  and  lin'<l.  killing  the  woman  and  wound- 
ing one  of  the  men. 

On  t lie  day  of  his  trial  ho  was  escorted  from 
Fort  Snelliiig  by  a  company  of  mounted  dragoons 
in  full  dress.  It  was  an  impressive  scene  to 
witness  the  poor  Indian  half  hid  in  his  blanket, 
in  a  buggy  with  tlie  civil  ollicer.  surrounded  with 
all  the  pomp  and  circumstance  of  war.  The  jury 
found  him  i,nnlty.  On  being  asked  if  he  had 
anything  to  say  wliy  sentence  of  death  sliould 
not  be  passed,  he  replied,  through  the  interpreter, 
that  the  band  to  which  he  belonged  would  remit 
their  amiuities  if  he  could  be  released.  To  this 
Jtidgo  Ilayner,  the  successor  of  Judge  Fuller, 
reiilied,  that  he  h;id  no  authority  to  release 
him;  and,  ordering  him  to  rise,  after  some 
appropriate  and  iniiiressivi'  remarks,  he  pro- 
nounced the  (irst  senleiu;e  of  ileath  ever  pro- 
nounced by  a  judicial  otlicer  in  Minnesota.  The 
prisoner  tremlilrii  wliile  llu'  judge  spoke,  and 
was  a  piteous  spectiicle.  By  the  statute  of  Min- 
nesota, then,  one  convicted  of  murder  could  not 
be  executed  >uitil  Iwehi'  months  had  elapsed, and 
he  was  confined  until  the  governor  of  the  ter- 
(u'rity  should  by  warrant  order  his  execution. 

KVKNTS   OF    A.    I).    1S63. 

The  fourth  Legislative  Assembly  ronvened  on 
the  fifth  of  .lainiary.  is'),s.  in  the  two  story  brick 
eililice  at  tho  corner  of  Third  and  ilinnesota 
streets.  The  Cotmcil  chose  Martin  McLeod  as 
presiding  ofiieer,  and  the  House  ])r.  David  Day, 


INDIAN  FIGHT  IN  STREEIS  OF  ST.  PAUL. 


12.5 


Speaker.  Governor  Ramsey's  message  was  an 
interesting  docimient. 

The  Baldwin  school,  now  known  asMacalester 
College,  was  incorporated  at  this  session  of  the 
legislature,  and  was  opened  the  following  June. 

On  the  ninth  of  ^Vpril,  a  party  of  Ojibways 
killed  a  Dahkotah.  at  tlie  village  of  Shokpay.  A 
war  party,  from  Kaposia,  then  proceeded  up  the 
valley  of  the  St.  Croix,  and  killed  an  Ojibway. 
On  the  morning  of  the  twenty-seventh,  a  band 
of  Ojibway  warriors,  naked,  decked,  and  fiercely 
gesticulating,  might  have  been  seen  in  the  busiest 
street  of  the  capital,  in  search  of  their  enemies. 
Just  at  that  time  a  small  party  of  women,  and 
one  man,  who  had  lost  a  leg  in  the  battle  of  Still- 
water, arrived  in  a  canoe  from  Kaposia,  at  the 
Jackson  street  landing.  Perceiving  the  Ojib- 
ways, they  retreated  to  the  building  then  kno«Ti 
as  the  "  Pioneer"  office,  and  the  Ojibways  dis- 
charging a  volley  through  the  windows,  wounded 
a  Dahkotah  woman  who  soon  died.  For  a  short 
time,  the  infant  capital  presented  a  sight 
similar  to  that  witnessed  in  ancient  days  in 
Hadley  or  Deerfield,  the  then  frontier  towns  of 
Massachusetts.  Messengers  were  despatched  to 
Fort  Snelling  for  the  dragoons,  and  a  party  of 
citizens  mounted  on  Iiorseback,  were  quickly  in 
pursuit  of  those  who  with  so  much  boldness  had 
sought  the  streets  of  St.  Paul,  as  a  place  to 
avenge  their  wrongs.  The  dragnons  soon  fol- 
lowed, with  Indian  guides  scentmg  the  track  of 
the  Ojibways,  like  bloodhounds.  The  next  day 
they  discovered  the  transgressors,  near  the  Falls 
of  St.  Croix.  The  Ojibways  manifesting  wliat 
was  supposed  to  be  an  insolent  spirit,  the  order 
was  given  by  the  lieutenant  in  command,  to  flre, 
and  he  whose  scalp  was  afterwards  daguerreo 


tyiied,  and  which  was  engraved  for  Graham's 
Magazine,  wallowed  in  gore. 

During  the  summer,  the  passenger,  as  he  stood 
on  the  hurricane  deck  of  any  of  the  steamboats, 
might  have  seen,  on  a  scaffold  on  the  bluffs  in 
the  rear  of  Kaposia,  a  square  box  covered  with  a 
coarsely  fringed  red  cloth.  Above  it  was  sus- 
pended a  piece  of  the  Ojibway "s  scalp,  whose 
death  had  caused  the  affray  in  the  streets  of  St. 
Paul.  Within,  was  the  body  of  the  woman  who 
had  been  shot  in  the  "  Pioneer  "  building,  while 
seeking  refuge.  A  scalp  suspended  over  the 
corpse  is  supposed  to  be  a  consolation  to  the  soul, 
and  a  great  protection  in  the  journey  to  the  spirit 
land. 

On  the  accession  of  Pierce  to  the  presidency  of 
the  United  States,  the  officers  appointed  under 
the  Taylor  and  Fillmore  administrations  were 
removed,  and  the  following  gentlemen  substitu- 
ted :  Governor,  W.  A.  Gorman,  of  Indiana ;  Sec- 
retary, J.  T.  Rosser,  of  Virginia  ;  Chief  Justice. 
W.  II.  Welch,  of  Minnesota ;  Associates,  Moses 
Sherburne,  of  Maine,  and  A.  G.  Chatfield,  of 
AVisconsin.  One  of  the  first  ofticial  acts  of  the 
second  Governor,  was  the  making  of  a  treaty 
with  the  Winnebago  Indians  at  Watab,  Benton 
coiuity,  for  an  exchange  of  country. 

On  the  twenty-ninth  of  June,  D.  A.  Robertson, 
who  by  his  enthusiasm  and  earnest  advocacy  of 
its  principles  had  done  nnu-h  to  organize  the 
Democratic  party  of  Minnesota,  retired  fmrn  the 
editorial  chair  and  was  succeeded  by  David  Olm- 
sted. 

At  the  election  held  in  October,  Henry  M. 
Rice  and  Alexander  Wilkin  were  candidates 
for  deUgate  to  Congress.  The  former  was  elect- 
ed by  a  decisive  majority. 


126 


EXPLORERS  AXn  PIONEEBS  OF  MIXXESOTA, 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 


EVENTS  FROM  A.   D.   lSo4  TO  THE   ADMISSION  OF  MINNESOTA  TO  THE  TXTON. 


Flftti  Lepriatyrc— Ex«ution  of  Yuliaw*— Sixth  Ix'iriilaturp— First  bridire  orerthc 
Miwii«M|'pi-Arclic  Kxpl-.n-r— Seventh  legislature— In.iian  pirl  killM  iK-ar 
Blofuninpton  Ferry—  Eighth  UuitUturif— Attempt  t<i  Rcinovo  the  r;tpU.il— 
Special  Scasion  of  the  Lnn-.liilurc — CoDventioD  to  frame  &  State  Uinstitutioa— 
AdmtssioD  of  Minnesota  to  the  UnioD. 

The  fifth  session  of  the  lefrislatiire  was  pom- 
meiiced  in  the  building  just  comi)let€d  as  the 
Capitol,  on  Januarj'  fourth,  1854.  The  President 
of  the  Council  was  S.  15.  Olmstead.and  the  Speak- 
er of  the  House  of  llepreseuliiti\es  was  N.  C.  D. 
Taylor. 

Governor  Gorman  delivered  his  first  annual 
message  on  the  tt-ulh,  and  as  his  jin-deoessor. 
urged  the  importance  of  railway  connnunications. 
and  dwelt  upon  the  necessity  of  fostering  the  in- 
terests of  education,  and  of  the  lumbermen. 

The  e.\citing  bill  of  the  session  was  the  act  in- 
corporating the  ^linnesota  and  Northwestern 
Railroad  Company,  introduced  by  Joseph  K. 
IJrown.  It  was  passed  after  the  hour  of  midnight 
on  the  last  day  of  the  session.  Contrary  to  the 
expectation  of  his  friends,  the  Governor  signed 
the  bill. 

On  the  afternoon  of  December  twenty-seventh, 
the  first  puldic  execution  in  Minnesota,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  forms  of  law,  took  place.  Yu-ha- 
zee,  tlie  DahkoUih  who  had  been  convicted  in 
November,  1852,  for  tlie  murder  of  a  (iernian 
woman,  above  .Sliokpay,  was  the  individual. 
The  scaffold  was  erected  on  the  open  Biiace  be- 
tween an  inn  called  the  Franklin  House  and  the 
rear  of  the  late  Mr.  .1.  W.  Sdby's  eiiclnsure 
in  St.  Paul.  About  two  o'clock,  the  prisoner, 
dressed  in  a  wliiti;  shroud,  left  the  old  log  pris- 
on, near  the  court  house,  and  entered  a  carriage 
with  the  odicers  of  the  law.  Being  assisted  up 
the  steps  that  led  to  the  scaffold,  he  made  a  few 
remarks  in  his  own  langiiage,  and  was  then  exe- 
cuted. Numerous  la<lies  sent  in  a  ])ctition  to 
the  governor,  asking  tlie  pardon  of  the  Indian. 
to  whi(;h  that  officer  in  declining  made  an  appro- 
priate reply. 


E^'ENTS  OF  A.  D.  1855. 

The  sixth  session  of  the  legislature  convened 
on  the  third  of  .lanua'ry,  1855.  W.  P.  Murray 
was  elected  President  of  the  Council,  and  James 
S.  Norris  Speaker  of  the  House. 

About  the  last  of  January,  the  two  houses  ad- 
journed one  day,  to  attend  the  exercises  occa- 
sioned by  the  opening  of  the  fii-st  bridge  of 
any  kind,  over  the  mighty  Mississippi,  from 
Lake  Itasca  to  the  (iulf  of  Mexico.  It  was  at 
Falls  of  Saint  Anthony,  and  made  of  wire,  and 
at  the  time  of  its  opening,  the  i)iitent  for  the 
land  on  which  the  west  piers  were  built,  had  not 
been  issued  from  the  Land  Oflice.  a  striking  evi- 
dence of  the  rapidity  with  which  the  city  of 
Minneapolis,  which  now  surrounds  the  Falls,  has 
developed. 

On  the  twenty-ninth  of  March,  a  convention 
was  held  at  Saint  Anthony,  which  led  to  the 
formation  of  the  Keiiublican  party  of  Minnesota. 
This  body  took  measures  for  the  holding  of  a 
territorial  convention  at  St.  Paid,  which  con- 
vened on  the  twenty-fifth  of  July,  and  William 
R.  ^Marshall  was  nominated  as  delegate  to  Con- 
gress. Shortly  after  the  friends  of  Mr.  Sibley 
nominated  Uavid  Olmsted  and  Henry  M.  Rice, 
the  former  delegate  was  also  a  candidate.  The 
contest  was  animated,  and  resulted  in  the  elec- 
tion of  Mr.  Rice. 

Al)out  noon  of  December  twelfth,  1855.  a  four- 
horse  vehicle  was  seen  driving  rapidly  through 
St.  Paul,  and  deep  was  the  interest  when  it  was 
announced  thai  one  of  the  Arctic  exploring  party, 
Mr.  James  Stewart,  was  on  his  way  to  Canada 
with  relics  of  the  world  -  renowned  and  world- 
mounied  Sir  John  Franklin,  (iathering  ttigether 
the  i)recious  fragments  found  on  Montreal  Island 
and  vicinity,  the  iiarty  had  left  the  region  of  ice- 
bergs on  the  ninth  of  August,  and  aft<-r  a  con- 
tinued land  journey  from  that  time,  h;ul  reached 


PROPOSED  REMOVAL  OF  THE  SEAT  OF  GO\Eli^ME^"l\ 


127 


Saint  Paul  on  that  clay,  en  route  to  the  Hudson 
Bay  Company's  quarters  in  Canada. 

EVENTS   OF  A.  D.    1856. 

The  seventh  session  of  the  Legislative  Assem- 
bly was  begun  on  the  second  of  January,  1850, 
and  again  the  exciting  question  was  the  Minne- 
sota and  Northwestern  Eaih'oad  dimpany. 

John  13.  Brisbui  was  elected  President  of  the 
Council,  and  Charles  Gardner,  Speaker  of  the 
House. 

This  year  was  comparatively  devoid  of  interest. 
The  citizens  of  the  territory  were  busily  engaged 
in  making  claims  in  newly  organized  coimties, 
and  in  enlarging  the  area  of  civilization. 

On  the  twelfth  of  June,  several  Ojibways 
entered  the  farm  house  of  ^Ir.  WhaUon,  who  re- 
sided in  Ilemiepin  county,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Minnesota,  a  mile  below  the  Ploomington  ferry. 
The  wife  of  the  fanner,  a  friend,  and  tlu-ee  child- 
ren, besides  a  little  Dahkotah  girl,  who  had  been 
brought  up  in  the  mission-house  at  Kaposia,  and 
so  changed  in  manners  that  her  origin  was 
scarcely  perceptible,  were  sitting  in  the  room 
when  the  Indians,  came  in.  Instantly  seizing 
the  little  Indian  maiden,  they  threw  her  out  of 
the  door,  killed  and  scalped  her,  and  fled  before 
the  men  who  wera  near  by,  in  the  field,  could 
reach  the  house. 


EVENTS  OF  A.  D.  1857. 

The  procurement  of  a  state  organization,  and 
a  grant  of  lands  for  railroad  purposes,  were  the 
topics  of  political  interest  during  the  year  1857. 
The  eighth  Legislative  Assembly  convened  at 
the  capitol  on  the  seventh  of  January,  and  J.  B. 
Brisbin  was  elected  President  of  the  Council,  and 
J.  "\V.  Furber,  Speaker  of  the  House. 

A  bill  changing  the  seat  of  government  to 
Saijit  Peter,  on  the  ilinnesota  Eiver,  caused 
much  discussion.  _     -•—.,. 

On  Saturday,  February  twenty -eighth,  Mr. 
Balcombe  offered  a  resolution  to  report  the  bill 
for  the  removal  of  the  seat  of  govenmieut,  and 
should  Mr.  llolette,  chairman  of  the  committee, 
fail,  that  W.  -W.  Wales,  of  said  committee,  report 
a  copy  of  said  bill. 

ifr.  Setzer,  after  the  readhag  of  the  resolution, 
moved  a  call  of  the  Comicil,  and  Mr.  llolette  was 
found  to  be  absent.  The  chair  ordered  the  ser- 
geant at  arms  to  report  Mr  Eolette  in  his  seat. 


Mr.  Balcombe  moved  that  further  proceecUngs 
imder  the  call  be  dispensed  with;  which  did  not 
prevaU.    From  that  time  imtil  the  next  Thursday 
afternoon,  March  the  fifth,  a  period  of  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-three  hom-s,  the  Council  re- 
mained in  their  chamber  without  recess.    At  that 
time  a  motion  to  adjourn  prevailed.     On  Friday 
another  motion  was  made  to  dispense  with  the 
call  of  the  Coimcil,  which  did  not  prevail.    On 
Saturday,  the  Coimcil  met,  the  president  declared 
the  call  stiU  pending.    At  seven  and  a  half  p.  m., 
a  committee  of  the  House  was  announced.    The 
chair  ruled,  that  no  communication  from  the 
House  could  be  received  while  a  call  of  the  Coun- 
cil was  pending,  and  the  .committee  withckew. 
A  motion  was  agam  made  during  the  last  night 
of  the  session,  to  dispense  with  all  fm-ther  pro- 
ceedings under  the  call,  which  prevailed,  with 
one  vote  only  in  the  negative. 

Mr.  Ludden  then  moved  that  a  committee  be 
appointed  to  wait  on  the  Governor,  and  inquire  if 
he  had  any  further  comuuinication  to  make  to 
the  Council. 

Mr.  Lowry  moved  a  call  of  the  Council,  which 
was  ordered,  and  the  roll  being  called.  Messrs. 
Eolette,  Thompson  and  Tillotson  were  absent. 

At  twelve  o'clock  at  night  the  president  re- 
sumed the  chair,  and  announced  that  the  tune 
limited  by  law  for  the  contiiuiation  of  the  session 
of  the  territorial  legislature  had  expu-ed,  and  he 
therefore  declared  the  CouncU  adjourned  and  the 
seat  of  government  remained  at  Saint  Paul. 

The  excitement  on  the  capital  question  was  in- 
tense, and  it  was  a  strange  scene  to  see  members 
of  the  Council,  eatmg  and  sleeping  m  the  hall  of 
legislation  for  days,  waitmg  for  the  sergeant-at- 
arms  to  report  an  absent  member  in  his  seat. 

On  the  ts\-enty-third  of  February,  1857,  an  act 
passed  the  United  States  Senate,  to  authorize 
the  people  of  Mimiesota  to  fonn  a  constitution, 
preparatory  to  their  admission  into  the  Union 
on  an  equal  footuig  with  the  original  states. 

Governor  Gorman  called  a  special  session 
of  the  legislature,  to  take  mto  consideration 
measures  that  would  give  efficiency  to  the  act. 
The  extra  session  cojivened  on  April  twenty- 
sevenlli,  and  a  nx^ssage  was  transmitted  by  Sam- 
uel Medary,  who  had  been  appointed  governor 
in  place  of  W.  A.  Gorman,  whose  term  of  office 


128 


EXPLOREES  AND  PIONEEliS  OF  .mXNESOTA. 


had  expired.  The  extra  session  adjoiirned  on 
the  twenty-third  of  Miiy ;  and  in  accordance 
with  the  pr()visit)ns  of  the  cnahling  act  of  Con- 
gress, an  election  was  held  on  the  lirsl  Monday 
in  June,  for  delegates  to  a  convention  which  was 
to  assemble  at  the  capitol  on  the  second  Monday 
in  July.  The  elei'tion  resulted,  as  was  thought, 
in  giving  a  majority  of  delegates  to  the  Republi- 
can iiarty. 

At  midnight  previous  to  the  day  fixed  for  the 
meeting  of  the  convention,  the  Republicans  iiro- 
ceeded  to  the  capitol,  becauso  the  enabling  act 
had  not  fixed  at  what  hour  on  the  second  Mon- 
day the  convention  should  assemble,  and  fear- 
ing that  the  l>cniocratic  delegates  might  antiei- 
I)ate  them,  and  elect  the  ofVicers  of  the  body. 
A  little  liefore  twelve.  A.  M.,  on  Monday,  the 
secretary  of  the  territory  entered  the  speaker's 
rostrum,  and  began  to  call  the  body  to  order; 
and  at  the  same  time  a  delegate,  J.  'W.  North, 
who  had  in  his  p()s.sessioii  a  written  retpiest  from 
the  majority  of  the  delegates  present,  proceeded 
to  do  the  siime  thing.  The  secretary  of  the  ter- 
ritory put  a  motion  to  adjourn,  and  the  Demo- 
cratic members  i)resent  voting  in  the,  allh-mative, 
they  left  the  hall.  The  Republicans,  feeling  that 
they  were  in  the  majority,  remained,  and  in  due 
time  organized,  and  proceeded  with  the  business 
specified  in  tlie  enabling  act,  to  form  a  constitu- 
tion, and- take  all  necessary  steps  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  state  goverinnent,  in  conformity 
with  the  Federal  Constitution,  subject  to  the 
approval  and  ratification  of  the  ijeopic  of  llic 
proposed  state. 

After  several  days  the  Deniocialic  wing  also 
o^l^Uli■/,ed  i!i  the  Senate  I'liainher  at  the  capitol, 
and,  claiming  to  be  the  true  body,  also  proceeded 
t«  form  a  constitution.  Both  parties  were  re- 
markalily  orderly  and  intellig<'nt.  and  everything 
was  marked  by  jierfect  <leeoruni.  Aflerlhcy  had 
been  in  uessiou  borne  weeks,  moiliiaht  counsels 


prevailed,  and  a  committee  of  conference  was 
appointed  from  each  body,  which  resulted  in 
both  adojiting  the  constitution  framed  by  the 
Democratic  wing,  on  the  twenty-ninth  of  Aug- 
gust.  According  to  the  provision  of  the  consti- 
tution, an  election  was  held  for  state  olTicers 
and  the  adoption  of  the  constitution,  on  the 
second  Tuesday,  the  thirteenth  of  October.  The 
constitution  was  adopted  by  almost  a  unanimous 
vote.  It  provided  that  the  territorial  officers 
should  retain  their  ollices  until  the  state  was  ad- 
mitted into  the  I'nion,  not  anticipating  the 
long  delay  which  was  experienced. 

The  first  session  of  the  state  legislature  com- 
menced on  the  first  Wednesday  of  December,  at 
the  capitol,  in  the  city  of  Sauit  Paul ;  and  during 
the  month  elected  Henry  M.  llice  and  .James 
Shields  as  their  l?epresentatives  in  the  United 
Stiites  Senate. 

EVENTS  OF  A.  1).  1858. 

On  the  twenty-ninth  of  Jaiuiary,  lsr)S,  Mr. 
Douglas  submitted  a  bill  to  tlu;  United  States 
Senate,  for  the  admission  of  Minnesota  intjo  the 
Union.  On  the  first  of  February,  a  discussion 
arose  on  the  bill,  in  which  Senators  Doughis, 
Wilson,  Gwin,  Hale,  Mason,  Green,  Brown,  and 
Crittenden  participateil.  Rrown,  of  Mississippi, 
was  opposed  to  the  admission  of  Minnesota,  un- 
til Die  Kansas  question  was  settled.  Mr.  Crit- 
tenden, as  a  So\dhern  man,  could  not  endorse  ;.ll 
that  was  said  by  the  Senator  from  ^Mississi]))  i; 
and  his  words  of  wisdom  and  moderation  during 
this  day's  discussion,  were  worthy  of  reme.n- 
brance.  On  April  the  seventh,  the  bill  passed 
t'.ie  Senate  with  only  three  dissenting  votes;  and 
in  a  short  time  the  House  of  Representatives 
concurred,  and  on  May  the  eleventh,  the  Presi- 
dent ap])roved.  and  Minnesota  was  fully  rec- 
ognized as  one  of  the  United  States  of  America. 


OITTLTN'ES 


OF  THE 


HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA  FROM  1858  TO  1881. 


CHAPTER   XXIV. 


ADMISSION  AND   ORGANIZATION  OF  THE   STATE. 


Admission  of  the  State. — Its  want  of  Resources. — The  Hard  Times. — Commence- 
ment of  Railroad  BiiiMing.— The  State  Railroad  Bonds  Discredited.— "  Wdd* 
l;at*'  Bankinc  Scheme.— The  Wriyht  County  War.— Failure  of  the  State  Loan 
Scheme. — Attempted  Adjustment  of  the  Dilemma. — Partial  return  of  Good 
Times. — The  Political,  Campaign  of  1860. — Secession  Movement. — Prospect  of 
War,  &c.,  &c. 


On  May  11th,  18.58,  the  act  of  Congress  admit- 
ting Minnesota  to  tlie  Union,  became  a  law,  and 
onr  State  tool<  lier  place  among  the  sisterhood  of 
repiililics,  the  thirty-second  in  the  order  of  admis- 
sion, and  liad  thenceforth  a  voice  in  the  national 
councils.  On  the  2-lth  of  May,  the  State  officers 
elect  were  quietly  sworn  in,  in  the  Executive 
Rooms  in  the  Capitol,  and  the  machinery  of  the 
State  government  was  put  in  motion.  The  out- 
look for  the  little  commonwealth  at  this  time, 
was  far  from  propitious.^  The  terrible  financial 
revulsion  of  the  previous  year  had  prostrated  all 
business,  destroyed  values,  undermined  confl- 
denee,  depressed  the  energies  and  ambition  of 
the  people,  and  almost  entirely  checked  immigra- 
tion. I  Tliere  was  but  limited  agriculture  (a  large 
portion  of  the  liread-stuffs  used  being  imported), 
little  accumulated  wealth,  and  that  mostly  based 
on  real  estate,  now  unsaleable,  money  command- 
ing two  per  cent,  a  month;  no  established  indus- 
tries or  manufactures,  not  a  mile  of  railroad,  no 
sound  banks  or  currency,  no  system  for  raising 
revenue,  and  not  a  cent  of  money  in  the  State 
treasury.  In  fact  the  State  was  considerably  in 
debt.  The  loan  of  i;iJO,000  authorized  by  the 
Legislature  the  winter  previous,  was  not  yet  real- 
ized on.  Meantime,  denominational  treasury 
9 


warrants,  bearmg  interest,  were  used  as  currency, 
while  town  and  county  "  scrip  "  were  generally 
circulated  among  the  people  as  money.  It  was 
under  such  gloomy  circumstances  as  these,  that 
the  State  began  its  career. 

An  adjourned  session  of  the  Legislature  was 
held  in  .July,  liut  little  or  nothing  could  be  done 
for  the  relief  of  the  people  from  the  financial  strin- 
gency or  other  troubles  surrounding  them.  Some 
relief  was  hoped  for  from  the  building  of  the 
land  grant  railroads,  which  were  generally  got 
under  way  during  the  summer,  but  there  was  not 
as  much  money  disbursed  liy  the  companies  or 
contractors,  as  had  been  anticipated.  The  direct- 
ors of  the  roads  hurried  their  first  ten  mile  sec- 
tions of  grading  to  completion  as  rapidly  as  possi- 
ble, and  as  soon  as  they  were  entitled  to  bonds, 
according  to  the  terms  of  the  constitutional 
amendment,  applied  to  Gov.  Sibley  for  the  same. 
He  declined  to  issue  them  imless  the  roads  would 
give  the  State  first  mortgage  bonds  in  equal 
amounts,  giving  it  a  priority  of  lien.  This  the 
land  grant  companies  refused  to  accede  to,  and 
applied  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  for  a 
writ  of  mandamus,  to  compel  Gov.  Sibley  to  issue 
the  bonds,  as  demanded  by  them.  The  writ  was 
issued  on  November  12th,  and  left  the  Executive 
no  alternative  in  the  premises,  so  the  bonds  were 
issued.  Efforts  were  at  once  made  to  negotiate 
them  in  the  New  York  market. 

The  harvest  this  year,  although  a  greatly  in- 
creased area  was  sown,  was  almost  a  failure,  and 
^  (129) 


130 


OUTLIXES  OF  THE  HISTOBY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


bread-stuffs  were  still  largely  imported.  Every- 
body was  ill  th:  most  desperate  straits  financially. 
A  winter  of  gloom  rnd  depression  set  in,  such  as 
has  n  .ver  boei.  experienced  in  the  history  of  the 
Northwest,  and,  it  is  scarcely  probable,  ever  will 
be  again.  The  price  of  labor,  for  such  as  could 
get  employment  at  all.  touclicil  an  uupreccdenti'dly 
low  figure,  though,  fortunately.  Uie  cost  of  living 
bad  declined  in  the  same  ratio.  Meantime,  the  ne- 
gotiation of  the  bonds  in  New  Yorlc.  jjroceeded 
very  slowiy.  Capitidists  were  very  unwilling  to 
invest  in  them,  as  already  some  journals  in  the 
State  had  predicted  the  failure  and  break-down 
of  the  whole  scheme,  added  to  pretty  clearly  e.\- 
pressed  threats  that  the  bonds  would  be  repudi- 
ated. ^\jixious  to  save  the  credit  of  the  State, 
and  ])revent  a  disastrous  ending  of  the  measure. 
Gov.  Sibley  wo'it  U>  New  York  in  i)erson.  about 
the  close  of  the  year  (1858)  and  gave  his  best  en- 
deavors to  aid  the  pending  negotiation  of  the 
bonds  ;  but  the  capitalists  there,  alarmed  at  the 
hostile  tone  of  newspapers  in  the  State,  finally 
refused  to  touch  them  at  :.ll.  The  only  recouise 
now  left  for  the  holders  of  the  bonds,  and  those 
interested  in  the  railroad  scheme,  was  to  use 
them  as  a  security  for  tlie  issue  of  bank  notes, 
under  the  recently  enacted  general  banking  law. 
Purported  Sides  at  ninety-five  cents  on  llie  dollar 
having  been  certiiied  t<j  the  .'tale  Auditor,  he  re- 
ceived a  large  number  at  this  figure,  and  imicured 
for  the  owners  currency  in  like  amount.  Meau- 
tinc,  work  was  progressing  on  the  four  land  grant 
road::. 

No  session  of  the  legislature  was  held  in  the 
winter  of  1858-'9.  The  stringency  increased 
with  i'a<-li  month.  The  newsi)ai>ers  of  the  state 
wliicli  survived,  were  crowded  with  mortgage 
foreclosure  advertisements.  Taxes  were  scarcely 
paid  at  all,  and  the  warrants,  or  scrip,  of  both 
Stale  and  coun'.Jes,  depreciated,  in  some  in- 
Btauces,  to  forty  or  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar. 
Tliese  were  soon  replaced  by  the  issues  of  the 
new  banks  ba.sed  ou  the  state  railroad  bonds 
which  now  began  to  flooil  the  State,  until  the 
names  "tilencoe,''  "  Owutoima,"  "  !>:',  ("I'osse' 
and  La  Crescent,"  &c.,  were  r^niliar  words. 
These  issues  were  regarded  with  con.'^iilerablc  dis- 
trust from  the  outs"!,.  Jiankers  ill  the  state  re- 
vived them  with  mu<'h  disrelish,  and  generally  at 
a  discount,  while  outside  the  state,  th:y  scarcely 


circulated  at  all.  The  Chicago  papers,  an<l  some 
financial  jom-nals  in  New  York,  classed  them  as 
'■  wild-cat."  Their  issue  was  pushed  for  a  few 
weeks,  however,  until  in  the  si)riug  of  1859  over 
$200,000  of  the  currency  was  in  circulation. 
There  were,  in  addition  to  these  "  railroad  banks."' 
several  based  on  ^linuesota  8  per  cents,  which 
were  actually  worth  jiar. 

During  the  summer  of  ]8)i)  the  reported  discov- 
ery of  gold  on  Tra/.er  River,  and  other  points  in 
British  2s  orth  America,  called  the  attention  of  the 
people  of  Minnesota  to  tlie  importance  of  an  over- 
land route  to  the  Pacific,  which  might  ultimately 
lead  the  way  fora  northern  railroad  route.  Meet- 
ings were  held,  and  money  was  subscribed,  to 
etpiip  a  train  to  open  a  wagon  road  via  the  north- 
ern bend  of  the  IMissouri  River.  Col.  AVm.  II. 
Nobles  was  placed  in  command  of  the  expedi- 
tion, which  left  St.  Paul  on  June  U,  and  ))ro- 
ceeded  safely  through.  Another  important  step 
towaids  settling  U\e  regions  beyond  us,  was  the 
successful  navigation  of  Red  River,  by  a  steamer 
launched  this  season.  The  Minnesota  Stage  Com- 
pany also  established  a  line  to  the  Red  River. 

The  ••  Wright  county  war,"  as  it  has  been  fa- 
cetiously termed,  occurred  this  STmnner.  In  the 
fall  of  18.58,  one  11.  .V.  A\allace  was  murdered  in 
AVright  county,  and  a  neighbor,  named  Oscar  F. 
.lackson,  was  tried  for  the  olTense  in  the  spring 
of  18.59,  and  acquitted.  On  April  25,  a  crowd  of 
men  assembled,  and  hung  .Jackson  to  the  gable 
end  of  \\'allace's  cabin,  (iov.  Sibley  olTered  a  re- 
ward for  the  conviction  of  any  of  the  lynchers. 
Not  long  afterwards  one  Emery  Moore  was  ar- 
rested on  charge  of  being  concerned  in  the  out- 
rage, and  was  taken  to  Wright  Comity  for  trial, 
but  was  rescued  by  a  mob.  (Jov.  Sibley  at  once 
decided  to  take  vigorous  steps  to  maintain  the 
majesty  of  the  law.  A  military  force  was  called 
out,  and  tliree  companies  (iispatched  (Aug.  5)  to 
Monticello  to  arrest  the  rioters.  The  troops  luo- 
ceeded  to  ^Monticello,  reinforced  the  civil  author- 
ities, arrested  eleven  lynchei-s  and  rescuers,  and 
turned  them  over  to  the  civil  authorities.  Hav- 
ing vindicated  the  supremacy  of  law.and  order, 
the  bhxidless  expedition  returned. 

The  financial  condition  ha<i  meantime  been 
growing  worse.  Early  iti  .Inni',  the  brokers  of 
tlie  stabf  had  combined  to  dei>reciale  llii'  "  (Jlen 
coe  money,"  as  the  railroad  currency  was  called, 


ADMISSION  AND  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  STATE. 


131 


and  as  several  sums  which  had  been  presented  at 
the  lianks  for  redemption,  were  not  redeemed, 
they  were  protested,  and  the  state  auditor  was 
compelled  to  advertise  the  securities  for  sale. 
This  caused  a  still  further  depreciation  of  the 
money,  until  shortly  it  was  scarcely  current  on 
any  terms.  Meantime  all  work  on  the  land  grant 
lines  had  been  Anally  and  completely  suspended, 
and  S2,27.5,on0  of  the  state  bonds  had  been  issued. 
In  October,  it  was  stated  that  the  bonds  had  been 
sold  as  low  as  ten  cents  on  the  dollar.  The  cou- 
pons due  on  Dec.  1,  18.59,  were  inipaid,  and  the 
companies  holding  the  bonds  declared  in  default. 
The  whole  scheme  bad  thus  been  brought  to  a 
complete  failure,  and  was  now  practically  aban- 
doned, while  not  a  mile  of  road  had  been  com- 
pleted. 

The  hard  times,  and  the  failure  of  the  real  es- 
tate speculative  era,  had  one  good  result,  how- 
ever, which  was,  to  tinn  increased  attention  to 
agriculture.  A  greatly  enlarged  area  was  sown, 
and  the  agricultural  resources  of  the  State  began 
to  be  known  as  the  true  source  of  its  wealth. 
For  the  first  time,  breadstuffs  were  exported,  and 
immigration  began  again. 

The  fall  of  this  year  witnessed  a  bitter  political 
fight.  Two  years  before,  the  parties  had  been 
pretty  evenly  divided.  This  campaign  each  one 
spent  its  full  force  and  energy,  and  had  nomina- 
ted for  state  ofBcers  their  most  popular  men. 
The  election  took  place  on  Oct.  11.  Hon.  Alex. 
Ramsey  was  chosen  governor,  by  a  vote  of  21,335, 
over  Hon.  George  L.  Becker,  who  received  17,532. 
Tlie  legislature  which  met  on  Dec.  7,  was  largely 
republican. 

The  most  important  work  which  came  before 
this  session  was  some  adjustment  of  the  dilemma 
into  wliich  the  state  had  fallen,  through  tlie  adop- 
tion of  the  loan  amendment.  Nearly  the  entire 
session  was  consumed  in  debating  various  plans 
of  extrication  without  much  fruit.  The  loan 
amendment  was  expunged,  however,  and  a  new 
amendment  was  framed  for  submission  to  the 
people,  providing  that  there  should  be  no  further 
issui-  of  bondr;  to  the  companies;  also,  that  no  law 
levying  a  tax  to  pay  either  principal  or  interest 
on  the  bonds  already  issued,  should  beef  any  force 
or  effect,  until  ratified  by  a  popular  vote.  These 
constitutional  amendments  were  adopted  by  a 
large  majority  of  votes,  in  the  fall    of  the  same 


year.  The  governor  was  also  directed  to  foreclose 
the  deeds  of  trust  given  to  secure  interest  on  the 
bonds  loaned,  and  bid  off  and  purchase  the  prop- 
erty sold,  in  the  name  of  the  state.  This  was 
done,  the  following  summer,  and  the  state  again 
secured  the  forfeited  rights,  francliises  and  land 
grants. 

The  Federal  census  taken  this  year  (1860), 
showed  that  the  state  had  a  population  of  1 72,- 
123.  The  harvest  was  a  good  one,  and  business 
was  considerably  revived.  Immigration  was  be- 
ginning to  become  brisk,  and  building  in  the 
towns  and  cities  was  perceptibly  increasing,  while 
the  tilled  area  was  receiving  great  additions. 
It  seemed  that  the  "  hard  times ''  bad  about 
ceased,  and  the  hope  of  prosperous  days  was  be- 
ginning to  enliven  all.  But  this  gleam  of  sun- 
shhie  was  of  short  duration.  The  memora- 
ble presidential  contest  of  that  year,  the  first  in 
which  ilinnesota  had  a  voice,  was  a  period  of  un- 
precedented heat  and  excitement.  The  electoral 
vote  of  Minnesota  was  cast  for  Abraham  Lincoln 
by  a  very  large  majority,  he  receiving  22,069, 
Douglas,  11,920,  Breckenridge  748,  and  Bell  62. 
It  was  not  long  before  the  disunion  cloud  arose 
in  the  slave  states,  and  the  mutterings  of  rebell- 
ion began  to  be  heard.  It  was  a  period  of  doubt 
and  forebodings.  The  currency  used  generally  in 
the  state,  being  largely  based  on  the  bonds  of 
seceding  states,  became  greatly  depreciated.  All 
classes  suffered  much  loss,  business  became  de- 
pressed, real  estate  imsalable,  and  soon  a  condi- 
tion of  distress  ensued,  almost  equal  to  the  dark- 
est days  of  the  panic,  three  years  before. 

The  legislature  of  1861  considered  the  railroad 
question  at  length,  and  passed  acts  designed  to 
facilitate  the  construction  of  the  land  grant  roads 
by  turning  over  the  forfeited  franchises  of  the  old 
companies  to  new  organizations,  believed  to  be 
able  to  complete  them.  The  Lake  Superior  and 
Mississippi  Eailroad  Company  was  also  char- 
tered. 

The  secession  movement  progressed  steadily 
during  the  winter,  and  it  soon  became  apparent 
to  all  that  war  was  inevitable.  Lincoln  was  in- 
augurated, but  his  address  promised  only  coer- 
cion, and  coercion  war.  The  feeble  and  unreal 
movements  for  compromise  and  conciliation  all 
failed.  Jleantime  business  in  this  state  was  daily 
growing  worse.  Large  numbers  were  out  of  em- 
ployment, and  anticipating  still  further  disaster. 


132 


OUTLIXES  OF  THE  HISTOBY  OF  ^rIyyFS()TA. 


CHAPTER  XXY 


MINNESOTA'S   SHAItE   IX   SUPPUESSING   THE   UEUELLION. 


The  War  Artuftlly  Begun.— Ejccitemeut  of  Hie  Period.— Minnesota  Called  on  for 
One  Regiment.- Reeniitini:  Vigorously  Begun.— The  First  Regiment  Mus- 
tered in  for  Three  Years.— It  is  Ordered  to  Washington.- A  Second  Regiment 
called  for  and  Recruited.— The  Fir«t  Engaged  at  Bull  Run.— Contributions  for 
tbeRelief  of  the  Sick  and  Wounded.— Progress  of  Railroad  Building.— Third, 
Fourth,  and  Fifth  Regiment*  Called  For.- Battle  of  Mill  Springs.-  Railroad 
Legislation— Battle  of  Pittsburg  l.anding.— A  Sixth  Regiment  Authorized.— 
Currency  Trouble*.- Expetlitions  to  Idaho.— First  Railroad  Completed.— r.al- 
lantr>'  of  Minnesota  Troops  in  the  South.— The  Seven  Days  Fight.— Heavy 
Levies  of  Men  Called  For.— Tlic  Seventh.  Eighth,  Ninth,  and  Tenth  Regimenta 
Ordered. 


Saturday,  April  13, 1861.  was  a  dark  day  in  the 
annals  of  our  state.  Tlie  tcle^^raph  hioiiuht  the 
ujnvelcome  news  of  the  attack  on  Fort  Sumter, 
and  it  was  seen  that  war  was  inevitable.  The 
bulletin  hoards  of  the  newspaper  otliees  were  snr- 
rounded  all  day  with  an  excited  and  anxious 
crowd,  but  courage  and  deteruiinaticn  were  every- 
where visible.  The  next  day  was  the  Sabbath, 
bright  and  balmy.  The  churches  had  Vmt  meagi-e 
audiences  that  day.  All  day  knots  of  angry 
and  excited  men  gathered  on  tlie  streets,  con- 
versing on  the  startling  events  of  the  time. 

On  ilonday,  the  proclamation  of  President 
Lincoln  was  received,  calling  for  75,000  volun- 
teers for  tliree  months'  senice,  and  assigning  to 
Minnesota  one  regiment.  tJov.  Kamsey,  who  was 
ill  Washington,  had  already  tendered  to  the  Pres- 
ident, in  person,  a  like  force.  Lt.  Gov.  Donnelly 
at  once  issued  a  proclamation  calling  on  the  citi- 
zens of  Minnesota  to  enlist,  and  Adjt.  (ien. 
Acker  issued  a  general  order  giving  tlie  needed 
instructions.  In  all  the  princiiial  towns  and  cities 
of  the  state,  public  meetings  were  at  once  held, 
and  enlistment  stations  openeil.  A  fervid  pat- 
riotism pervaded  all  ranks.  "The  war''  was  the 
sole  topic  of  conversation.  Kvery  thing  else,  even 
business,  to  a  large  extent,  was  suspended  for  the 
time.  Never,  ami  in  no  other  stale,  was  a  \>vo- 
ple  BO  imbued  with  warlike  zeal.  In  four  or  five 
days  ten  companies,  in  various  localities,  hail 
been  niised  and  accepted  by  Ailjt.  (ieneral  San- 
born ((ien.  Acker  having  resigned  to  recruit  a 
company.)     Port  Snelling  having  ])een  designated 


by  the  war  (It'iiiiitinent  as  a  school  of  instruc- 
tion, the  companies  were  rendezvoused  there, 
and  by  the  2')th  w(>re  all  in  their  quarters,  and 
busily  engaged  in  ilrilling.  The  regimental  olli- 
ceis  were  announced  on  the  29th,  and  on  that  day. 
two  weeks  from  the  time  when  the  president's 
call  was  received,  the  "  Immortal  First,"  over  one 
thousand  strong,  was  mustered  into  service,  for 
three  months,  with  Ex-Gov.  Gorman  as  Colonel. 
Scarcely  was  this  accomplished,  when  the  War 
Department  decided  that  it  could  only  be  received 
as  a  three  years  regiment,  and  it  became  neces- 
sary to  at  once  renew  the  enlistments  on  that 
basis.  After  a  few  days  delay,  enough  recruits 
were  received,  and  mustered  in.  to  lill  a  three 
years  regiment,  and  it  was  accepted  on  that 
basis.  The  War  Department,  contrary  to  the 
hopes  of  the  men,  at  first  ordered  the  companies 
to  garrison  the  various  posts  in  and  near  the  state, 
relieving  the  regulars  stationed  there,  and  some 
detachments  hail  already  left  for  their  posts, 
when  the  need  of  more  trooiis  for  the  ^'irginia 
camiiai^ru  became  immiiu'Ul.  iiinl  the  order  was 
counlermaiulcd  and  the  First  Hegiment  direcled 
to  proceed  at  once  to  Washington.  The  compa- 
nies were  (puckly  reassembled  at  Fort  Snelling, 
and,  on  Jtme  22d,  left  that  jiost  by  boat,  arriving 
in  Washington  on  June  2<)th.  In  the  various  cities 
through  which  the  First  i)assetl,  they  were  re- 
ceived with  patriotic  demonslrations  of  respect. 
and  it  was  noticed  by  the  press  as  a  remarkable 
fact  that  a  young  commouweallh.  unknown  and 
almost  wilhoiit  l>opiilalioii  a  dozen  years  before. 
could  now  send  to  the  defen.se  of  the  Iiiiona  reg- 
iment of  such  stalwart  and  brave  soldiers. 

Meantime,  the  war  spirit  which  had  been 
aroused  in  the  State,  was  not  content  with  send- 
ing one  regiment.  There  were  numbers,  in  fact 
several  almost  full  companies,  who  had  tried  to 
gel  admission  into  flu  First,  but  were  too  late, 
and  were  anxious  to  go.    This  fad  ))eing  made 


MINNESOTA'S  SHARE  IN  8UPPBESSING  THE  EEBELLION. 


133 


known  by  Gov.  Ramsey  on  May  3d,  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  "War,  he  at  once  authorized  tlie  raising  of 
a  second  regiment,  and  tlie  recruiting  for  the 
same  was  proceeded  with,  with  alacrity.  The 
regiment  was  filled  to  the  minunnm,  and  mustered 
in  on  June  2(ith,  with  the  gallant  Van  Cleve  as 
Colonel,  and  rendezvoused  at  Fort  Snelling,  for 
the  time  being,  some  of  the  companies,  mean- 
time, garrisonmg  the  forts  in  and  near  Minnesota. 

The  First  Regiment  on  reaching  Washington, 
was,  after  a  few  days  of  camp  life  at  Alexandria, 
pnshed  to  the  front,  and  took  an  active  part  with 
Heintzelman's  Division,  in  McDowell's  campaign 
against  jSIanassas,  acquitting  itself  well.  On 
July  21st,  scarcely  more  than  three  weeks 
after  its  arrival  in  the  field,  it  took  part  in  the 
memorable  battle  of  Bull  Run,  in  which  disastrous 
engagement  it  lost  174  men,  of  whom  44  were 
killed,  107  wounded,  and  23  taken  prisoners.  The 
gallantry  of  the  men,  and  their  fine  conduct  in 
the  heat  of  battle,  gained  the  regiment  as  well  as 
our  State,  great  praise  ;  but  the  sad  news  of  the 
loss  it  suffered,  filled  our  citizens  with  gloom. 
The  magnitude  and  solemnity  of  the  great  strug- 
gle in  which  the  nation  had  engaged,  began  to  be 
realized,  while  the  sympathy  and  benevolence  of 
the  citizens  of  the  State,  especially  the  ladies, 
was  aroused  by  the  wants  of  the  wounded  and 
sick  soldiers  in  the  hospitals,  and  a  general  move- 
ment made  for  siich  contriliutious  of  money  and 
clothing  and  delicacies  suitable  for  invalids. 
Nearly  ?2,00n  in  money  alone,  was  promptly  con- 
tributed, and  sent  to  the  Chaplain  of  the  First. 
This  was  the  commencement  of  a  splendid  stream 
of  gifts  towards  the  same  object,  which  continued 
to  flow  during  the  whole  four  years  of  the  war, 
the  Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions  being 
soon  after  organized  as  a  means  of  collecting  and 
distributmg  relief.  In  no  State,  during  the  strug- 
gle for  the  T'nion,  was  found  a  more  patriotic, 
liberal,  actively  generous  people,  than  in  Minne- 
sota. 

Xot  long  after  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  the  First 
Regiment  went  into  camp  between  Poolesville 
and  Edwards  Ferry,  Maryland,  for  winter  quar- 
ters, remaining  there  several  months. 

While  these  events  were  occurring,  the  mate- 
rial progress  of  our  State  was  receiving  an  im- 
pulse. Capitalists  from  Ohio  were  induced,  under 
the  legislation  of  the  last  winter,  to  embark  in  the 


completion  of  the  "  Minnesota  and  Pacific  Rail- 
road," from  St.  Paul  to  St.  Anthony.  This  line 
had  been  partially  graded  three  years  before,  and 
with  little  labor  was  made  ready  fur  the  super- 
structure. Ties  and  rails  for  several  miles  were 
provided,  and  track-laying  commenced.  A  loco- 
motive and  cars  arrived,  and  the  first  wheel 
turned  by  a  locomotive  in  this  State,  was  on  Sep- 
tember 19th.  At  this  juncture,  unfortunately,  a 
disagreement  sprang  up  between  the  contractors 
and  the  officers  of  the  road,  and  resulted  in  a  sus- 
pension of  the  work  for  several  months. 

Business  remained  very  much  depressed  all  the 
season,  a  result,  in  part,  of  the  miserable  cur- 
rency used  in  trade. 

Recruiting  for  the  second  regiment  did  not 
cease  luitil  September,  by  which  time  all  the 
companies  were  filled  to  the  maximum,  and  the 
battalion  was  ready  for  service  on  southern  fields. 
Meantime  a  company  of  Sharp-Shooters  had  been 
recruited  by  Capt.  Peteler,  and  having  been  ac- 
cepted (Sept.  3d),  left  on  Oct.  6th  for  Virginia, 
where  they  were  attached  to  Berdan's  U.  S. 
sharp-shooters. 

Congress,  at  its  special  session,  commencing 
July  4th,  had  authorized  the  raising  of  500,000 
troops.  Under  this  call  Minnesota  was  called  on 
for  two  more  regiments,  on  Sept  17th.  There 
were  already  some  partially  completed  companies, 
and  recruiting  commenced  vigorously  in  all  parts 
of  the  state.  Up  to  this  time  all  the  troops  re- 
cruited h'ad  been  for  the  infantry  service,  but  in 
order  to  give  all  who  wished  to  enlist,  their  pref- 
erence for  the  different  arms  of  service,  cavalry, 
and  artillery  organizations  were  commenced. 
Three  companies  of  cavalr>-  were  authorized,  and 
began  to  receive  recruits,  while  a  battery  of  light 
artillery  was  gotten  under  way. 

On  Oct.  3d,  Capt.  N.  J.  T.  Dana,  formerly  of 
the  regular  army,  was  commissioned  as  Colonel 
of  the  First,  vice  Gorman,  who  had  been  pro- 
moted to  Brigadier  General. 

On  Oct.  14.  the  Second  Regiment  left  for  Vir- 
ginia, but  at  Pittsburgh  was  ordered  to  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  and  soon  after  went  into  camp  at  Leb- 
anon Junction,  where  they  remained  some 
weeks,  guarding  bridges.  On  Oct.  29th,  the  Third 
Regiment  was  announced  as  organized,  and  Hen- 
ry C.  Lester  appointed  Colonel.  On  Nov.  16th  the 
Third  left  for  Kentucky,  and  were  employed  in 


134 


OVTLiyES  OF  THE  HISTOliY  OF  MINNEHOTA. 


the  same  sen-ice  as  the  Second,  near  wliieh  they 
were  encamiied  for  some  weeks.  The  Tourth 
Kejiimenl  was  lilled  nearly  at  the  same  time,  and 
Atljt.  Gen.  John  15.  Sanborn  ai)pointed  Colonel. 
It  was  retained  in  the  slate,  doing  garrison  duty, 
xmtil  spring. 

On  Oct.  lOtli  the  First  Regiment  participated  in 
the  action  at  Kdwards  Ferry,  suffering  small 
loss,  but  niakuig  a  noble  record  for  gallantry. 

Tlie  state  election  occurred  on  Oct.  9th.  I'arti- 
s{iu  politics  wci-c  not  much  noticeable  in  this  con- 
test. Alex.  Ramsey  was  re-elected  for  governor, 
by  a  vote  of  1G.274  over  F.  O.  Hamlin,  who  had 
10.448. 

The  three  cavaliy  companies,  commanded  re- 
spectively by  C'apts.  \'on  Mindcn,  IJrackctt.  an<l 
West,  were  ordered  to  liinlon  IJarracks,  Mo.,  in 
December.  <ind  incoriiorated  into  an  Inwa  troop 
called  t'urtis  Horse,  and  subsequently  Third  Iowa 
Cavalry. 

The  First  Uattery  Light  Artillery,  Capt.  Munch, 
also  left  for  St.  Louis  Dec.  1st,  and  was  soon 
after  ordered  to  I'itlsburgh  Landing.  During 
this  niduth  a  Fifth  Hegiment  was  authorized,  and 
considerable  progress  made  in  filling  it. 

On  .lauuary  KKli,  ].sii2,  occurred  the  memora- 
ble battle  of  Mill  Si)riiigs,  in  which  our  Second 
Regiment  won  a  national  reputation.  Early  on 
that  day.  the  enemy,  under  Gen.  ZoUicoffer,  at- 
tacked the  union  forces.  Col.  \:\n  Cleve  says  in 
his  ollicial  rejKn-t:  '•  After  proceeiling  about  half 
a  mile,  we  came  upon  the  enemy,  who  were  posted 
behind  a  fence  along  the  road,  beyond  which  was 
an  open  field,  broken  by  ravines.  The  enemy, 
oj)ening  upon  us  a  galling  fire,  fought  desperate- 
ly, and  a  liand  to  band  fight  ensued  which  lasted 
about  thirty  minutes.  «  »  *  The  enemy  gave 
way,  leaving  a  laige  number  of  their  dead  and 
wounded  on  the  field.  *  •  *  AVe  joined  in 
the  i)ursuil,  which  continued  till  near  sunset, 
when  we  arrived  within  a  mile  of  their  inlrcnch- 
nienls,  where  we  rested  upon  our  aims  during 
the  night.  *  ♦  *  Six  liundred  of  our  regi- 
ment were  in  the  engagement,  t^velve  of  whom 
were  killed  and  thirty-tliice  wounded."  (ien. 
ZiillicolTcr  himself  was  anmng  the  enemy  slain. 
Private  George  (J.  Strong,  of  Company  D,  is 
thought  to  have  killed  ISaillie  I'eyton,  a  prnmi- 
nent  rebel  ollicer. 

The  news  of  the  victor>'  at  Mill  Springs,  occur- 


ing,  as  it  did.  during  a  period  of  depression,  was 
like  a  gleam  of  sunshine,  and  our  Second  Regi- 
ment won  bright  laurels  for  their  gallantry.  For 
meritorious  service  in  this  engagement.  Col.  Van 
Cle\e  was  soon  after  promoted  to  Brigadier  Gen- 
eral. 

On  Feb.  24th  Capt.  Alfred  Sully  was  commis- 
sioned colonel  of  the  First  Regiment,  vice 
Dana,  promoted  to  Brigadier  General. 

The  legislature  of  1H<)2  had  many  important 
questions  luider  consideration,  prominent  among 
which  were  those  measures  providing  for  military 
necessities,  and  putting  the  state  on  a  "  war  I'oot- 
hig."'  The  work  of  releasing  the  land  grant  rail- 
roads from  the  entanglements  resulting  from  the 
old  five-million  loan,  and  bestowing  the  fraui  his- 
es  on  real  capitalists,  ■who  would  midertake  to 
build  in  good  faith,  was  another  of  the  important 
measures  of  the  session.  The  latter  work  was 
successfully  accomplished  in  most  cases.  On  the 
line  of  the  Minnesota  &  I'aciUc,  between  St.  Paul 
and  St.  Anthony,  work  was  recommenced  and 
pushed  vigorously. 

On  April  (ith  tlie  battle  of  Pittsburg  Landing 
occurred.  The  only  Minnesota  troops  engaged 
in  this  conllict  was  the  First  Battery,  which  was 
in  the  heat  of  the  action  at  several  points.  Sev- 
eral cannoneers  were  woimded  (Capt.  ^lunch  se- 
verely) two  killed,  and  also  a  number  of  horses. 
The  battery  did  splendid  service,  and  "mowed 
the  enemy  down  ■with  cannisler.""  Capt.  (form- 
erly adjutant  general)  AVm.  II.  Acker,  of  the 
Sixteenth  Regulars,  was  killed  during  this  en- 
gagement. 

On  March  20tli,  the  Fifth  Regiment  wiis  de- 
clared organized,  and  the  field  olficers  were  com- 
missioned. Rudolph  Borgesrode  was  appointed 
Colonel.  The  Sci'oud  Sliarpshooters,  Captain 
Russell,  which  had  been  recruited  during  the 
winter,  soon  after  left  for  Washington,  arriving 
there  April  li(>th.  On  ,\pril  2tlh,  the  Fourth 
Regiment,  and  Si'cond  liattcry  <il'  Light  .\rlillery. 
Captain  llolchkiss,  left  lor  Benton  Barracks,  and 
were  soon  pushed  to  the  front  in  Mississippi.  On 
May  l;Uh,  the  Fifth  Biginient  also  left  for  the 
same  destination,  excepting  coniiiauics  B.  C,  and 
1),  who  remained  behind  to  garrison  forts,  and  a 
few  weeks  subse<|uently  took  a  consiijcuous  part 
in  the  Sioux  war. 

On  .Mav  -iith,  the  call  for  a  sixth  regiment  was 


MINNESOTA'S  SUjUiE  IN  SVPPBESSINQ  THE  REBELLION. 


135 


made,  and  recruiting  was  commenced  ver>'  acXr 
ively,  several  skeleton  companies,  partially  filled 
for  the  Fifth  Begiment,  being  already  in  the  field. 

Congress,  at  its  extra  session,  commencing 
July  4th,  1861,  had  authorized  the  issue  of  '■  legal 
tender  "  notes,  which  were  by  this  date,  in  large 
circulation.  The  result  of  this  was  to  greatly 
enliven  business  and  enhance  prices.  While  gov- 
ernment was  expending  in  our  State  but  a  small 
fraction  of  the  enormous  sums  it  was  paying  out 
in  eastern  States  for  materials  of  war,  the  results 
were  unmistakably  felt  here.  One  effect  was  the 
gradual  and  ;dmost  complete  withdrawal  of  com, 
especially  small  coin,  from  circulation.  This  oc- 
casioned great  inconvenience  in  "making  change," 
and  various  de\ices  were  used  to  overcome  the 
trouble.  Postage  stamps  came  into  general  use  for 
fractional  sums,  and  soon  became  a  decided  nui- 
sance. Then  many  of  the  cities  and  towns,  as  well 
as  business  firms  and  banks,  issued  fractional 
"shiii-plasters"  as  currency.  The  country  was 
soon  flooded  with  these,  and  it  proved  an  intolera- 
ble luiisance.  The  issue  by  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment, soyn  after,  of  "  postage  ciu'rency,"  some- 
what relieved  the  dearth  of  small  change.  A 
steady  enhancement  in  the  inice  of  goods,  lalwr, 
the  cost  of  living,  &c.,  commenced  from  this  date, 
an  inflation  which  lasted  for  two  or  three  years. 

The  material  development  of  the  State  pro- 
gressed during  this  period,  notwithstanding  the 
burdens  and  waste  of  wr  ;  and  the  fact  that  over 
six  thousand  of  our  young  men  were  withdrawn 
from  productive  industry.  An  increased  area 
was  sown.  Immigration  was  becoming  large, 
especially  of  Scandinavians.  Further  efforts  were 
also  made  \i  open  and  extend  our  area  of  trade 
towards  the  northwest.  The  reported  discovery 
of  rich  gold  lields  in  the  region  now  known  as 
Idaho  and  Montana,  led  to  the  formation  of  a 
company  of  citizens  to  proceed  thither  overland. 
On  !May  14th,  the  expedition  left  St.  Paul,  and 
arrived  safely  at  the  diggings.  Congress  had, 
meantime,  been  appealed  to  for  some  protection 
to  this  emigration  movement,  and  a  small  appro- 
priation was  made  for  this  purjiose,  and  Captam 
James  L.  Fisk  appointed  to  organize  and  com- 
mand any  party  that  might  wish  to  go  over.  An- 
other expedition  was  organized  and  equipped, 
leaving  on  Jime  loth,  and  made  a  successful 
journey  to  the  gold  fields.      These  expeditions 


did  much  towards  preparing  the  way  for  the 
opening  and  settlement  of  the  Northwest,  and 
were  repeated  in  1863  and  1864. 

Another  important  event  was  the  completion  of 
the  Mimiesota  and  Pacific  Railroad  from  St. 
Paul  to  St.  Anthony,  which  was  opened  for 
tralBc  on  Jiuie  28 — the  first  line  operated  in  our 
state.  From  that  date  on,  railroad  Ijuilding  was 
rapidly  carried  on,  on  several  of  the  lines. 

While  thcc3  oncoi-.raging  events  were  m  prog- 
ress in  our  state,  her  brave  troops,  in  Virginia  and 
Mississippi,  wero  contending  against  great  odds. 
The  Fourth  and  Fifth  Kegimeiits  and  the  Second 
Battery,  wliose  departure  for  "Dixie"'  was  noted 
a  few  hues  back,  had  lieen  pushed  rapidly  to  the 
front,  and.  being  a  part  of  the  "  Army  (jf  the  Mis- 
sissippi," were  soon  face  to  face  with  the  enemy, 
in  the  great  Corinth  campaign.  On  May  28th 
the  Fifth  Regiment  had  a  sharp  action  with  the 
enemy,  in  winch  several  were  killed,  and  a  num- 
ber woimded,  and.won  much  praise  for  gallantry. 
On  July  12th,  near  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  the 
Third  Regiment  was  attacked  by  a  greatly  supe- 
rior force,  and  after  a  brave  resistance,  losmg 
twelve  men,  its  ammunition  became  exhausted, 
and  i*:  was  compelled  to  surrender.  The  men 
were  paroled  a  few  weeks  later. 

Meantime  the  First  Regiment  had  taken  an 
active  part  in  a  campaign  of  great  danger  and 
hardship.  It  had  remained  in  its  winter  quar- 
ters, near  Edward's  I'erry,  until  March,  when 
(attached  to  Sedgv.ick's  Division)  it  proceeded  to 
Winchester,  from  whence  they  were  ordered  to 
join  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  near  Fortress 
Monroe.  In  April  they  took  part  in  the  siege  of 
Yorktown.  From  thence  they  participated  iu 
McClellan's  great  Richmond  campaign,  and  the 
"  seven  days  fight."  At  Seven  Pines,  or  Fair 
Oaks,  on  May  31st  and  June  1st;  at  Peach  Orch- 
ard, June  29th;  Savage's  Station,  Jime  29th; 
Glendale  and  White  Oak  Swamp,  June  80th; 
Xelson's  Farm,  June  30th;  Malvern  Hills,  July 
1st,  the  brave  First  took  an  active  part,  and  suf- 
fered severe  losses,  with  great  hardship  and  con- 
tinual fighting.  In  all  these  engagements,  it  lost 
imiety  men.  At  the  Battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  the 
Second  Sharp-Shooters  was  united  with  the  First 
Begiment,  and  continued  with  them  during  the 
rest  of  the  campaign. 
The  disastrous  termination  of  the  operations 


136 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTOHY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


by  McClellan,  and  the  heavy  losses  of  the  army, 
produced  a  feeUng  of  great  discouragement  and 
doul)t  throughoiil  the  North.  On  July  2.  thepres- 
ident  called  for  3(iO.(i(lii  more  troops.  Still  this 
lieavy  draft  was  met  cheerfully,  and  in  this  State 
vigorous  stejis  were  taken  to  till  our  quota.  On 
July  24lh.  a  rousing  war  meeting  was  held  at  the 
Capit^il.  which  liglitcd  anew  the  tires  of  jiatriot- 
isni,  roused  the  despondent,  and  inftised  new 
hopes  into  all.  Recniiting  commenced  vigor- 
ously. But  scarcely  was  the  work  under  way. 
when  the  call  of  A\igust  4th.  for  3(l(i.U(Ht  more 
troops,  was  issued.  It  now  became  evident  that 
special  exertions  would  he  needed  to  fill  our  quo- 
tii  by  the  Ihtli,  at  wliich  time  tlie  Secretary  of 
■\Var  had  ordered  a  draft  to  he  made,  if  not  filled. 
Public  meetuigs  were  held  at  various  places,  and 
large  sums  of  money  were  subscribed  by  individ- 
uals, in  addition  to  local  bounties,  to  stimulate 
enlistments.  Great  excitement  prevailed  through- 
out the  State  for  some  days— fully  equal  to  the 
patriotic  war  spirit  following  the  fall  of  Sumpter. 
and  business  seemed  to  be  almost  suspended ;  in 


fact,  in  many  instances,  actually  was,  as  the  en- 
tire employees  of  many  establishments  enlisted. 
To  some  extent,  martial  law  was  enforced  in  the 
State.  The  Adjutant  (Jeneral.  in  a  pulilished 
proclamation,  forbatle  citizens  (males  of  military 
age)  from  leaving  the  State  without  a  jiass  from 
him,  nor  were  they  allowed  to  go  from  one  county 
to  another  without  a  permit  from  the  Sheriff. 
The  Sixth  Kegiment,  which  was  partially  tilled 
when  the  call  of  July  2d  was  issued,  was  quickly 
tilled  and  organized.  A  seventh  regiment  was 
authorized  on  August  5th.  On  August  Kith  the 
eighth  was  called  for ;  on  August  13th,  the  ninth; 
and  soon  after  even  a  tenth.  Recruiting  for  the 
old  regiments  was  also  brisk.  Four  companies 
were  received  at  Fort  Snclling  in  one  day.  The 
Press  of  August  19th.  says:  "On  Sunday  and 
yesterday,  large  bodies  of  men  were  continually 
I>ouring  in.""  Over  tliree  thousand  men  were 
then  at  the  fort.  Tlie  work  of  receiving,  muster- 
ing in,  clothing  and  ecpupping  these  troops,  laid 
on  the  authorities  a  heavy  task. 


THE  SIOUX  MA!S8ACBE. 


137 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 


THE  SIOUX   MASSACRE. 


The  Sioux  Massacre  —The  Events  Winch  ProhaMy  le.l  to  It.— Discontent  of  tlie 
Indians.- The  Murders  at  Acton.— Commencement  of  the  Carnage  at  Red 
Wood.— Awful  Scenes.— Harrow  Escape  of  Wliites.-The  Battle  of  Red  Wood 
Ferry.— Fiendish  Cruelties  of  the  Savages.— Panic  and  Flight  of  the  Settlers.— 
Condition  of  Atfairs  at  Fort  Ridgely.— The  Alarm  Reaches  St.  Peter.— Rein- 
forcements Set  Out  from  There. -The  first  Attack  on  Hew  Ulni,— The  Savages 
Repulsed.— They  Besiege  Fort  Ridgely— But  Fail  to  Capture  It-And  Again 
Fall  on  New  Ulm.— Desperate  Fighting.- The  Town  Nearly  Burned  Down  — 
The  Savages  Withdraw,  Unsuccessful.- The  Town  Evacuated.— End  of  the  first 
"  Week  of  Blood."— Its  Results  to  the  State. 


While  these  exciting  events  were  ooeurriiig, 
and  attracting  tlie  attention  of  our  citizens,  a 
fearful  storm  was  gathering  in  an  unexpected 
quarter,  and  soon  burst  upon  our  state  with  ap- 
palling fury.    The  Sioux  Indians,  of  -whom  sev- 
eral thousand  were  living  on  reservations  in  the 
western  portions  of  Jlinnesota,  had  been  for  sev- 
eral weeks  (i.  e.  since  about  June  14th)  collected 
at  the  Yellow  Medicine  agency,  to  receive  their 
annual  payment.     This  would  have  been  made 
to  them  by  the  proper  officer,  at  that  time  and 
place,  promptly,  had  nut  the  necessities  of  the 
government  just  at  that  juncture,  prevented  tlie 
prompt  transmission  of  the  !?70,()00  in  gold  coin, 
which  was  to  pay  the  Indians  their  annuities. 
As  soon  as  it  could  be  got  ready,  it  ^\■as  sent,  and 
hurried  forward  by  special  messengers,  night  and 
day,  arriving  just  one  day  too  late.     Meantime 
the  Indians  were  waiting  impatiently  for  their 
money,  and  for  the  provisions  and  other  supplies 
which  were  to  he  given  them  when  the  payment 
was  made.    They  were  almost  destitute  of  food, 
and  some  were  really  suffering  from  hunger.    In 
this  discontented  condition,  they  were  ready  to 
listen  to  liad  counsel.     ^lahciiuis  parties  hail  whis- 
pered to  them  tliat  the  war  had  destroyed  most 
of  the  young  men  of  the  whites;  that  only  old 
men  and  boys  were  left;  and  if  so  disposed  they 
could  repossess  tliemselves  of  the  land;  that  they 
were  to  be  cheated  out  of  their  money  by  the 
traders,  wliom  they  had  before  accused  of  de- 
frauding them;  and  other  wrongs,  real  or  fan- 
cied, were    recited   to  inllame  them.    As  was 
usual,  a  small  detachment  of  trooiis  had  been 


sent  to  the  agency  when  the  Indians  first  assem- 
bled, to  preserve  order.     This  consisted  of  fifty 
men    from    Fort  Ridgely,  mider  Capt.  Jno.   S. 
Marsh,  and  fifty  from  Fort  Ripley,  commanded 
l)y  Lieut.  T.  J.  Sheehan.     Yet,  notwithstanding 
the  presence  of  these  soldiers,  guarding  the  ware- 
houses,  on  Aug.    4th.  several  hundred   Indians 
attacked  and  broke  into  one  of  the  buildings, 
and  took  about  one  hundred  sacks  of  flour  before 
they  could  be  stopped.    Tlie  missionaries,  with 
Major  (ialbraitli,  the  agent,  at  length  quieted 
this  outlneak.    The  agent  issued  some  ammuni- 
tion and  goods  to  them,  and  persuaded  them  to 
disperse,  and  he  would  send  them  word  when 
the  money  was  ready  for  them.     To  this  they 
appeared  to  agree,  and  apparently  left  the  agency 
and  went  to  then-  hunting-grounds.    It  was  now 
supposed  that  the  troulile    was  over,  and  the 
troops  were  allowed,  on  Aug.  16th,  to  depart  for 
their  posts.    But  it  was  only  the  calm  before  the 
storm.    All  this  time  bad  blood  was  brewing, 
and  the  storm  gathering,  unnoticed,  or  at  least 
unheeded   by  the  whites.      Only  a  spark  was 
needed  to  explode  this  magazine  of  sfivage  fury, 
and  that,  at  length  came.     There  is  good  evi- 
dence to  believe  that  during  this  interval  the  In- 
dians were  holding  councils  and  "  soldier's  lodg- 
es, ■'  and  had  concluded  that  as  the  forts  were 
manned  by  but  a  handful  of  soldiers,  it  would  be 
a  good  time  to  rise  and  sweep  away  the  white 
race  from  their  old  hunting-grounds. 

On  Sunday,  Aug.  17,  a  party  of  four  Indians,  be- 
longing to  a  band  noted  for  insubordination,  were 
in  the  nei.ghborhood  of  Acton,  Meeker  County, 
where  the}-  had  been  for  several  days  hunting. 
They  w'ere  angry  and  quarrelsome.  They  came 
to  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Howard  Baker,  where  they 
found  him  and  Ids  wife,  and  a  5Ir.  Webster  and 
wife.  Mr.  Robinson  Jones  and  wife  and  a  Miss 
Wilson,  neighbors,  came  in  soon  after.  The  In- 
dians had  previously  had  a  quarrel  with  Jones, 


138 


OUTLINES  OF  TUE  HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


wliicli  was  now  renewed.  Tliey  then  proposed 
slKKitiii};  at  a  mark  with  IJaker  aiid  Jones,  which 
was  done.  Aft«r  dischargijig  tlieir  guns,  the 
Indians  at  once  reloaded,  and  commenced  firing 
on  tlie  whites.  Jones  and  Ids  wife,  and  Baker 
and  AVebsler  were  killed,  and  iliss  Wilson,  ilrs. 
Haker  and  child,  and  Mi's.  AVebsler,  were  \u\- 
hiirt.  The  four  Indian  murderers  then  stole 
liorses  in  the  nei)iliV)orliood,  and  rode  rapidly, 
dnrinff  the  night,  to  the  Indian  village  near  the 
agency,  ^^here  they  told  what  they  had  done,  and 
urged  that,  as  Mood  had  been  spilt,  and  they 
would  suffer  the  penalty,  they  must  all  unite 
and  e.xterminate  the  wlnles.  The  other  Indians 
then  armed  lliemselves.  and  at  sunrise,  Aug.  18, 
the  Work  of  the  deatli  cimnnenced.  at  the  Lower 
Sioux  Agency,  near  Red  AV'ood.  It  is  stnmgly 
as.serted  liy  other  writers,  who  give  good  reasons 
for  the  belief,  thai  the  Indians  collected  at  the 
Agency  had  all  ready  demanded  on  the  massacre, 
and  commenced  it  on  the  isth.  witliout  knowing 
of  the  events  at  Acl4)n. 

The  lirst  victim  to  this  licllisli  plot  was  .lames 
AV.  Lynde,  a  clerk  in  the  trading  house  of  ^'athan 
ilyrick.  He  was  a  man  of  fine  attainments,  and 
had  written  a  work  on  the  History  and  Keligion 
of  the  Dakotas,  which  was  just  reaily  for  ]iubli- 
cation.  Three  other  persons  were  killed  at  llie 
8;une  store.  At  Fr)rbes"  trading  house,  near  by, 
(;eorge  H.Spencer,  the  clerk,  was  ba<lly  wounded, 
when  his  life  was  saved  by  the  interiMisition  of  a 
friendly  Indian,  named  Chaska.  who  protected 
him  until  he  recovered.  Otlier  white  persons  in 
anil  near  the  houses  at  the  agency,  were  either 
killed  or  wounded,  within  a  few  minutes.  At 
this  jKiint  the  Indians  ceased  their  carnage,  in 
ordt-r  to  jilundcr  the  stores  aii<l  government  ware- 
houses, ami  this  delay  enabled  liev.  S.  D.  Ilin- 
man  and  some  cillur  whites,  to  escape  to  Fort 
Ilidgely.  spreading  the  alarm  as  they  went. 

Aft<T  a  brief  lime  spcMd  by  (hi'  savages  in  rob- 
bing tlie  stores,  they  continued  theirw.)rkof  car- 
nage in  ever)'  direction.  They  were  soon  joined 
by  the  warriore  of  the  <ither  bands,  and,  to  the 
nundier  rif  two  or  lliree  hundred,  spread  through 
the  .settlements  for  wveral  miles  n|)  and  down 
the  river,  murdering  all  the  wlnt«'S  whom  they 
iMinhl  hnd.  exrepting  a  few  yoiuig  wotnem.  whom 
they  t<Nik  eaplive.  and  in  many  instances  burning 
tlic  liouses  of  the  settlers. 


Meantime,  the  whites  at  the  uiiper.  or  Yellow 
Jiledicine  Agency,  some  thirty  miles  distant,  were 
in  ignorance  of  these  dreadful  scenes,  and  of  the 
danger  which  threatened  them.  It  was  not  until 
nearly  night  when  .lolin  t)lher-l)ay,  a  Christian 
Indian,  brought  them  the  dreadful  news,  and 
warned  them  to  save  their  lives.  The  whites, 
si.\ty-two  in  niunber,  at  once  took  refuge  in  a 
■warehouse;  but  lliglit  seemed  the  only  safe 
course,  and  before  daylight  the  ne.xt  morning, 
they  were  on  their  W'ay  across  the  prairies  to- 
wards Henderson,  the  men  on  foot,  and  the  wo- 
men and  children,  with  S.  B.  (iarvie,  win)  had 
escaped  from  his  warehouse,  alter  being  badly 
wounded,  in  wagons.  The  noble  Other-Day 
piloted  them  truly  and  skillfully.  This  party, 
after  great  hardships,  arrived  safely  at  the  settle- 
ments on  the  Minnesota  river,  and  thence  to  St. 
Paul,  though  .Mr.  tiarvie  died  on  the  way.  The 
two  missionaries,  Messrs.  Williamson  and  Kiggs, 
also  escaped,  with  their  fiimilies,  after  suffering 
much  hardshiii. 

On  Monday  mnrnnig.  August  istli. about  three 
hours  after  the  Ursl  oulbicaU  al  UM  Wood 
agency,  a  messenger  from  that  place  arriveil  at 
Fort  Bidgely.  twelve  miles  distant,  with  the 
starlling  news.  Cajitain  Marsh,  ('omi)any  1!. 
Fifth  lleginicnt.  then  in  cnmmaiiil.  at  once  dis- 
l)atched  a  courier  to  Lieutenant  Sheehan.  Com- 
pany ('.  Fifth  Kegiment.  who.  with  his  detach- 
ment, had  left  the  post  the  nionnng  i>revious  on 
his  return  to  Fori  Hii'le\.  and  also  to  .Major  (ial- 
braitli,  who  had  left  at  llie  sami'  time  tor  St. 
Peter,  with  about  lifty  recruits,  called  the  ■Ken- 
ville  Hangers."  en-route  for  Fort  Snelliug.  mging 
them  tn  vet  ui  II  at  once.  Captain  Marsh  al  onC3 
left  for  the  scene  of  earnage.  with  forty-four  men 
on  foot.  After  a  forced  march,  he  arrived  about 
2  o'clock  I'.  M.  at  the  Icny  <.p|iosile  tlie  .Vgency, 
near  which  iilace  they  Immd  nine  disid  bodies. 
They  were  met  here  b>  K'cx.  Mi.  Hiniuan,  on  his 
way  to  the  fori,  who  cautioned  Capl.  .Marsh  against 
an  ambuscade,  and  warned  him  to  return,  as  the 
Indians  greatly  oiilninnbered  his  force.  Captain 
.Marsh,  who  was  a  very  brave  but  very  rash  man. 
would  not  listen  to  the  advice,  declaring  that  he 
could  "whip  all  the  Indians."  or  something  to 
llial  cffi'ct.  .\rrivingal  the  feiry,  his  men  were 
drawn  up  on  the  bank,  in  jilain  sight,  when  three 
orfourhundrcd  Imlians  cunrealed  in  the  thickets 


THE  SIOUX  MASSACBE. 


139 


near  by,  poured  a  volley  into  them.  Nearly  half 
of  his  men  fell  dead  or  mortally  woiuid«l  at  the 
first  file,  some  of  them  pierced  with  twenty  bid- 
lets,  while  several  others  were  wovmded,  but 
managed  ultimately  to  escape ;  some  of  them  not 
reaching  tlie  fort  for  three  days.  The  surs'ivors 
of  this  sudden  attack  (Captain  Marsh  being  himself 
uninjured)  fell  back  from  the  ferry  towards  tlie 
fort,  keeping  up  a  running  flglit  amidst  the  thick 
timber  on  the  river  bottom,  but  against  terrible 
odds. 

Rushing  up  to  the  fallen  soldiers,  the  savages 
tomahawked  tliose  still  living,  and  tore  the  scalps 
from  most  of  them,  inflicting  also  nameless  bru- 
talities on  their  corpses.  All  the  fine  Springfield 
muskets  carried  by  the  dead,  and  their  ammuni- 
tion, fell  into  the  hands  of  the  redskins,  and  were 
subsequently  used  by  them,  with  deadly  effect,  at 
the  sieges  of  FortKidgely  and  NewL'lm,  and  tlie 
battle  of  Birch  Coolie.  Tlie  remains  of  the  fallen 
heroes  were  ultimately  interred  at  Fort  Ridgely, 
and  the  legislature,  some  years  subsequently, 
caused  a  fine  monument  to  be  erected  there  in 
honor  of  their  bravery. 

For  some  time  a  hot  battle  raged  in  the  forest, 
Capt.  Marsh  and  his  men  retreating  towards  the 
fort,  ciiiitesting  the  ground,  inch  by  inch.  Fmd- 
ing  tliat  his  men  were  falling  fast,  and  that  the 
enemy  was  gathering  in  force  ahead  of  him,  so  as 
to  cut  him  off,  he  determined  to  cross  the  river, 
so  as  to  gain  the  open  prairie  on  that  side,  and 
reach  the  fort,  if  possible.  He  had  now  but  thir- 
teen men  left.  At  their  head  be  attempted  to 
Wade  tlie  river,  but  was  drow'ued  while  so  doing. 
His  men  got  over  in  safety,  and  made  their  way 
to  tlie  fort  about  dark.  Out  of  the  forty-four 
who  had  left  it  that  morning,  twenty-four  were 
dead.  Thus  ended  the  Battle  of  Redwood  Ferr\ . 
the  first  engagement  of  the  war.  The  Indians,  it 
is  thought,  lost  only  one  or  two  warriors. 

Flushed  with  this  easy  victory  in  their  first 
encounter  with  our  troops,  the  Indians  now  con- 
sidered that  the  way  was  clear  for  their  bloody 
war  of  extermination.  They  scattered  m  every 
direction,  carrying  death  and  torture  to  the  homes 
of  all  tlie  .settlers  withia  reach.  For  several  days 
the  work  of  carnage  was  awful.  No  pen  can 
describe  the  horrors  of  that  bloody  week.  So 
sudden  and  unexpected  was  tlie  outbreak,  and  so 
insidious  and  skulking  the  mode  of  warfare  of  ' 


the  savages,  that  the  inhabitants  were  overtaken  at 
their  various  pursuits  and  butchered  in  cold  blood, 
without  any  chance  of  flight  or  resistance.  Most 
of  them  were  European-  imroigrants  who  had  re- 
cently settled  on  the  frontier,  and  were  quite  im- 
acquatnted  with  savage  warfare  and  treachery. 
But  few  of  them  possessed  effective  fire-arms,  or 
weapons  of  any  kind,  indeed,  and  even  if  they 
had  these,  so  sudden  and  stealthy  was  the  onset, 
that  resistance  would  have  been  unavailing.  The 
savages  generally  went  about  on  these  raids  in 
squads  of  eight  or  ten,  well  armed.  In  many 
instances  the  treacherous  devils  would  advance 
boldly  and  with  friendly  demeanor  into  houses 
with  whose  owners  they  were  acquainted,  as  if 
to  ask  for  food,  (as  was  their  custom,  for  the  set- 
tlers had  always  freely  supplied  tliem) ;  when  all 
at  once  they  would  shoot  down  or  tomahawk 
the  unsuspecting  inmates,  perhaps  the  very  per- 
sons who  had  many  times  fed  them  when  hun- 
gry. In  a  few  instances  children,  and  sometimes 
adults,  fled  unobserved  while  this  work  of  death 
was  going  on,  and  escaped  a  like  fate  by  skulking 
in  the  grass  or  bushes,  from  whence  they  were 
often  compelled  to  witness  the  cruel  tortiu-es 
practiced  on  the  other  members  of  their  family, 
or  flee  for  life  with  the  death  shrieks  of  the  suffer- 
ing victims  ringuig  in  their  ears.  Some  of  those 
who  escaped  thus,  were  rescued  many  days  sub- 
sequently, after  enduring  incredible  hardships, 
skulking  by  day  around  deserted  houses,  endeav- 
oring to  find  food,  and  wandering  by  night 
through  the  trackless  waste,  towards  the  settle- 
ments. Delicate  women,  carrying  or  leading  in- 
fant children,  thus  traveled  scores  of  miles  to 
some  place  of  safety,  sometimes  womided  and 
sick  and  almost  naked.  Many  perished  from 
hunger,  exposure  or  wounds.  Others  lived,  to 
suffer  for  years  from  their  injuries,  Tliere 
were  literally  hundreds  of  such  incidents  as  the 
above,  and  a  full  naiTative  of  these  adventures 
;uid  escapes  would  fiU  volumes.  No  record  can 
ever  be  made  of  them,  and  the  fate  of  many  wUl 
never  be  known  mitil  the  last  day. 

The  cruel  barbarities  practiced  by  the  savages 
on  their  victims,  was  another  sickening  feature 
of  the  massacre,  and  its  bare  recital  makes  one 
shudder.  All  the  fiendish  cruelties  that  their  ' 
savage  nature  and  pent  up  hatred  of  the  pale 
faces  could  suggest,  they  wreaked  on  their  vlo- 


140 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MIXNESOTA. 


tims,  a  people  who  hafl  always  been  their  friends 
and  benefactors.  The  wounded  and  dying  were 
scalped  or  tomakawked  out  of  all  semblance  of 
humanity.  The  bowels  of  many  were  gashed 
open,  and  their  hands  and  feet,  or  other  members, 
cut  off  and  thrust  into  them.  Children  were 
slashed  >vith  knives,  eyes  gouged  out,  ears  or 
hands  cut  off.  or  skulls  smashed  with  war  clubs. 
Some  of  these  survived  even  such  awful  wounds. 
Babes  were  thrust  living  into  stove  ovens,  and 
tliere  left,  to  roast  to  death.  Pregnant  women 
were  rijiiied  open,  and  their  unborn  balies  torn 
away,  and  thmwn  into  tlieir  face,  or  nailed  to  a 
door  or  tree,  for  their  dying  gaze  to  witness.  But 
few  women,  comiiaratively,  were  killed  outright. 
Instant  death  would  have  been  a  more  merciful 
fate  than  they  were  reserved  for.  Frequently 
delicate  young  maidens  were  tied,  or  held  by  the 
fiends,  and  repeatedly  outraged  by  the  band  of 
rai>tors,  .some  actually  dying  in  the  hands  of  their 
tormentors,  or  if  they  survived,  led  into  a  caj)- 
tivity  of  horrors.  But  let  us  draw  a  veil  over 
these  atrocities. 

After  the  murder  of  the  inmates  of  a  house, 
pillage  was  the  next  step,  and  the  torch  was  then 
generally  ajiiilied  to  it,  oftentimes  the  wounded 
victims,  unal)le  to  escape,  being  burned  to  death. 
Day  after  day  the  columns  of  smoke  rising  here 
and  tliere  sliowed  where  tlie  various  bands  of  de- 
mons were  ]>ly ing  tlieir  work  of  destruction,  while 
night  after  night  the  sky  along  the  frontier  was 
lurid  with  the  light  of  burning  homes.  Two  or 
three  tlioiis;nid  dwellings  were  tlius  destroyed,  in 
ad<Iition  to  tliree  entire  towns.  Cattle  were  shot 
from  mere  wantonness,  and  others  left  to  staiTe, 
■with  no  one  to  attend  them,  llorees  were  saved 
for  the  use  of  the  marauders,  hundreds  of  them 
being  stolen,  and  in  many  instances  the  savages 
were  observed  riding  to  aM<l  fm  in  line  buggies 
and  carriages. 

As  the  liouseK  of  tlie  settlers  were  generally 
i.Holalcd  from  each  other.  IIk;  news  of  tlie  out- 
lireak  couhl  not  reach  the  more  remote  and  scat- 
tered, in  sea.son  to  save  them.  Along  the  main 
roads  leading  to  the  settlements,  the  alarm  was 
spread  by  fiigilives.  after  a  ilay  or  two,  and  this 
fact  enaliled  thousaiuls  to  save  their  lives  who 
would  otlier^vis*!  have  fallen.  Abandoning  houses, 
crops,  cattle— everything,  hastily  seizing  some 


food  and  clothing,  and  harnessing  their  teams, 
they  tied  towards  Xew  Ulm.  Fort  lUdgely,  St. 
Peter,  ilankato,  Henderson,  and  other  towns 
along  the  river.  Some  even  pressed  on  to  St. 
Paul.  Soon  the  roads  were  literally  crowded 
with  a  panic-stricken  cavalcade,  on  foot,  on 
horseback,  in  all  sorts  of  vehicles,  hurrying  along 
with  blanched  faces  and  nervous  trepidation. 
Many  were  pursued  and  shot  at  (some  killed, 
even)  while  flying,  and  all  had  horrid  stories  to 
relate.  Lieut.  Gov.  Donnelly,  on  Aug.  26,  wrote 
from  St.  Peter:  "You  can  hardly  conceive  the 
panic  existing  along  the  valley.  In  Belle  Plaine 
I  found  600  people  crowded  in.  In  this  place 
there  are  between  3,000  and  4,000  refugees.  On 
the  road  between  New  I'lm  and  ^Mankiito  were 
over  2,000.  ^Mankato  is  also  crowded.  *  *  * 
Their  property  in  the  mean  time  abandoned  and 
going  to  ruin.''  The  condition  of  these  throngs 
of  fugitives,  crowded  into  the  small  towns,  was 
pitiable. 

The  handful  of  men  who  survived  the  massa- 
cre at  Uedowod  Ferry,  and  made  their  way  back 
to  Fort  Bidgely,  found  Ibaliiosl  already  crowdeil 
with  panic-stricken  fugitives  from  the  sur- 
rounding country.  All  night  these  poor  settlers 
arrived  from  every  direction,  many  of  tliem 
wounded,  having  left  portions  of  their  families 
murdered,  and  their  homes  in  llaines.  In  every 
direction,  all  night  long,  the  sky  was  reddened 
with  the  light  of  burning  houses.  It  was  a  night 
of  terror  and  desiiondency.  About  ten  o'clock 
on  Tuesday  morning,  the  inmates  were  gladdened 
with  the  return  of  Lieutenant  Sheehan  and  his 
command,  who,  on  being  overtaken  the  evening 
before  by  the  messenger  sent  out  to  recall  them, 
had  made  a  forced  march  of  sixteen  hours. 
Lieutenant  SIiccIimii  at  oin'c  tmik  coimiiand  of 
the  post,  and  in  coimcctiou  with  Sergeant  John 
Jones,  of  the  regular  army,  jxisl  ordinance  ser- 
geant, took  effective  measures  to  put  tlie  fort  in 
a  defensible  condition.  All  the  civilians  wlio 
were  lit  for  duty,  were  armecl,  or  i>ut  on  guard, 
and  even  the  women  were  employed  making  cart- 
ridges, running  bullets.  &c.  No  attack  was  made 
that  day.  however,  although  ludiaiis  were  seen 
watching  th(^  fort.  (The  warriors  were  busy  at- 
tacking New  rim,  as  will  be  seen  a  little  farther 
on.]  About  noon  on  Monday,  the  messengers  iuid 
guard  in  charge  of  the  $70,000  in  gold,  reached 


THE  SIOUX  MASSACRE. 


141 


Fort  Ridgely,  and  remained  there  diu'ing  the 
siege. 

Let  us  now  follow  Mr.  J.  C.  Dickin.son,  of 
Lower  Agency,  the  messenger  sent  from  Red- 
wood to  recall  Maj.  Galbraith  from  St.  Peter. 
Maj.  G.,  so  well  satisfied  was  he  with  the  loyal 
promises  of  the  Indians,  had  left  the  agency 
witii  some  volunteers  for  Fort  Suellhig.  His 
family  were  at  Yellow  Medicine,  and  escaped 
from  that  place.  He,  with  the  "  Renville  Ran- 
gers,"" Lieut.  O'Gornian,  had  arrived  at  St.  Peter 
Monday  evening,  when  Mr.  Dickinson  reached 
there,  with  the  startling  news.  It  was  at  first 
discredited,  but  he  at  once  made  preparations  to 
return,  with  the  Rangers,  and  a  company  of  vol- 
unteer citizens.  He  immediately  dispatched  "VVm. 
II.  Shelley,  of  St.  Paul,  who  was  with  him,  with 
a  message  to  Gov.  Ramsey,  asking  military  aid. 
Shelley  rode  at  full  speed  all  night,  and  reached 
St,  Paul,  nearly  one  hundred  miles  distant,  at  10 
o'clock  1'.  jr.  Tuesday,  spreading  the  news  as  he 
passed  down  the  valley.  Gov.  Ramsey  at  once 
took  steps  to  send  troops  to  the  scene  of  blood. 
But  of  this  anon. 

Monday  night  was  spent  by  the  soldiers  and 
citizens  at  St.  Peter  in  organizing  companies, 
searching  for  arms,  making  cartridges,  etc.  Early 
on  Tuesday  morning,  the  bells  were  rung  and  the 
uihabitants  called  together.  Great  excitement 
prevailed,  but  a  company  was  at  once  organized. 
Hon.  Chas.  E.  Flandrau,  associate  justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  was  elected  captain,  and  W.  B. 
Dodd,  first  lieutenant.  Teams,  wagons,  camp 
equipage,  etc.,  were  hastily  collected. 

iSIajor  Galljraith,  with  the  Renville  Rangers, 
and  others  who  accomixuiied  them,  armed  as 
well  as  could  be  possible,  left  St.  Peter  at  6  Ju  m., 
and  after  a  hard  march,  reached  Fort  Ridgely 
(Forty-tive  miles  distant)  the  same  evening.  Just 
as  they  arrived  at  the  fort,  a  furious  thunder- 
gust  came  up.  In  the  darkness  and  rain  they 
got  into  the  fort  safely,  although  hundreds  of 
Indians  were  watching  it,  and  must  have  seen 
them  but  for  the  storm.  There  were  now  250 
fencible  men  in  the  fort,  and  the  crowd  of  fu- 
gitives hourly  increasing.  These  were  cared  for 
as  well  as  possible,  the  hospital  being  fidl  of 
wounded. 

Meantime  a  company  of  sixteen  horsemen  left 
St.  Peter  (Tue.sdayJ  for  the  aid  of  New   Ulm, 


which  was  reported  by  fugitives  to  be  m  great 
danger.  At  one  o'clock  the  same  day,  Hon.  Chas. 
E.  Flandrau  left  for  the  same  place  with  100 
well  armed  men,  on  foot.  Let  us  uow  give  some 
accomit  of  the 

SIEGE   OF  NEW   ULM. 

This  town  was  on  the  south  bank  of  the  ]Minne- 
sota  River,  thirty  miles,  by  land,  from  St.  Peter, 
and  eighteen  miles  below  Fort  Ridgely.  It  con- 
tained about  l.oUO  inhabitants,  mostly  Germans. 
On  Monday  mornmg,  Aug.  18th,  a  party  of  citizens 
left  'New  Ulm  to  recruit  for  volimteers.  "When 
some  seven  or  eight  miles  west  of  new  Ulm,  they 
found  several  dead  bodies  lying  in  the  road.  Con- 
vinced that  tiie  Indians  had  risen,  they  retraced  . 
their  steps,  but  on  their  way  back  were  fired  on, 
and  several  of  the  party  killed.  The  rest  fled  to 
town  and  gave  the  alarm.  At  the  same  time, 
fugitives  came  in  from  other  directions,  near  the 
town,  all  telling  horrid  tales  of  butchery.  This 
created  a  great  panic  in  the  town,  and  many  fled 
to  St.  Peter.  All  that  day  and  night,  and  next 
day,  fugitives  conthiued  pouring  into  the  place. 
The  leading  men  of  the  town  at  once  took  steps 
to  organize  for  defence.  Arms  were  collected, 
barricades  erected,  sentinels  posted,  and  every- 
thmg  done  which  could  be,  to  repel  an  attack. 
These  precautions  were  taken  none  too  soon. 
About  four  o'clock  on  Tuesday,  a  party  of  mount- 
ed Indians  appeared  on  the  prairie  above  the 
town,  and  dismounting,  advanced  on  the  place. 
The  few  men  who  had  arms,  at  once  attacked 
them,  but  most  of  the  people  gathered  into  the 
iiouses  in  the  center  of  the  town,  panic  stricken. 
Fortunately,  soon  after  the  attack  commenced, 
the  fifteen  horsemen  from  St.  Peter  arrived,  and 
at  once  began  a  vigorous  defence.  The  savages 
burned  several  buildings  on  the  west  edge  of  th 
town,  and  kept  up  a  hot  fire  on  the  people  with- 
in the  barricade.  The  St.  Peter  cavalry  soon 
made  such  a  brave  advance  on  the  Indians,  that 
they  were  compelled  to  retire,  about  dark,  sev- 
eral having  been  killed.  During  the  engagement, 
the  whites  lost  several,  killed  and  wounded,  also. 
About  nine  o'clock,  in  the  midst  of  a  furious 
tliunder-storni.  Judge  Flandrau,  with  over  one 
hundred  men,  reached  the  town,  and  were 
warmly  welcomed.  Vigorous  efforts  to  organize 
for  defence  were  at  once  made.    Judge  Flan- 


H-2 


OrTLIXK.S  OF  THE  llISTOIiY  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


drau  was  clioseii  commander-in-chief,  Capt.  Dodd, 
provost  nuirsliiil,  &c.  Small  reinforcements  con- 
tinued til  arrive  fnini  Mankato  and  otlier  points, 
and  l)y  Thursday.  ;toj  armed  men  were  guarding 
the  town.  AVednesday  passed  without  any 
alarms,  anil  scouting  parties  were  sent  out  in  va- 
rious directions  to  hury  the  dead,  of  which  a 
nimd)er  were  found.  Let  us  now  glance  at  the 
condition  of  tilings 

.\T   FORT  KIDOELY. 

.Miiiut  lln-ee  ocloek  on  'Wednesday,  the  2oth. 
the  first  attivck  was  made  on  this  ])ost,  probably 
by  the  same  force  who  had  been  at  New  I'lni  the 
evening  )irevions.  It  is  thought  live  hundred 
Indians  were  engaged  in  it.  ConceaUng  them- 
selves in  the  wooded  ravines  near  the  post,  the 
savages  suddenly  advanced  on  it  w  itli  horrid  yells 
and  a  volley  of  balls.  The  suddenness  of  the  on- 
set almost  threw  the  garrison  olT  llieir  guard,  and 
two  of  the  soldiei's  were  killed  at  the  lirsl  lire. 
The  men  speedily  rallied,  however,  and  fought 
bravely.  Sergeant  Jones  was  (]uickly  at  his  guns. 
two  e-poundeiTj  and  one  24-i)ouuder.  but  on  at- 
temjiting  to  fire,  they  w<iuld  not  go  off.  On 
di-awiug  the  charges,  he  found  liieiu  stulTed  willi 
rags!  Some  treacherous  half-breeds  had  done 
this  dastardly  act,  and  then  deserteil  lo  the 
enemy.  Assisted  by  a  citizen.  J.  ('.  AVliijiiile. 
who  had  served  in  the  Mexican  war.  and  Sergt. 
ilctjrew.  of  Conipain  ('.  he  soon  (xiured  several 
rounds  of  cannister  and  shell  into  the  thickets. 
amongst  the  foe,  killing  ami  wounding  a  number. 
The  savages  then  succeeiled  in  crawling  up  be- 
hind some  old  outbuildings  and  hay-.stacks,  from 
wiiicli  they  poured  furious  volleys  into  llie  fort. 
Sergt.  Jones  soon  set  these  on  fire  willi  shells. 
and  drove  the  savages  off.  At  dusk  the  light  of 
this  lire,  an<l  the  noise  of  llie  artillery,  impressed 
the  iH'ople  at  New  I  Im  :iiiil  other  places  in  the 
vicinity  wilh  the  beliel  thai  the  fort  had  fallen, 
liul  when  night  closed  down,  tjie  s:ivages  with- 
drew. The  garrison  renuiincil  on  mvuis  all  night. 
One  gicMl  daugei-  was  the  ibyuess  of  the  roofs' 
which  could  have  been  ignited  with  "  lire-ar- 
rows."  A  clo.si!  watch  was  kept,  and  Providence 
favored  the  beleagiired  force,  for  late  at  night  a 
heavy  raiu-sl<irm  <ouurienced  failing,  and  contin- 
ued until  next  day,  entirely  averting  this  danger. 
The  large  Blableu  uf  the  fori,  about  thirty  rods 


distant,  were  perfectly  tilled  with  goverimient 
mules,  and  horses  brought  in  by  the  fugitives. 
These  the  Indians  succeeded  in  gettmg  out  and 
stiuupeding. 

The  next  morning  (Thursday)  the  attiick  was 
renewed  about  0  o'clock,  and  lasted  hotly  for  au 
hour,  when  the  savages  relreateil.  but  again  at- 
tacked the  foit  about  ti  P.  .M..  when  anotliei'  en- 
gagement took  place,  and  lasted  about  an  hour. 
But  their  efforts  to  captin-e  the  fort  were  useless. 
They  found  it  too  well  defended.  It  could  have 
been  taken  by  charging  into  it,  but  this  Indiana 
are  afraid  to  do.  ^leantime  the  garrison  was  be- 
coming worn  out  with  loss  of  sleep  and  continual 
labor  and  lighting.  Nearly  live  hundred  refugees 
were  crowded  into  its  small  buildings,  where 
they  were  compelled  to  lie  on  the  Uoor  to  avoid 
the  bullets  of  the  foe,  which  swept  like  a  hail- 
storm through  the  windows.  To  add  to  the  trou- 
ble, many  were  becoming  sick,  and  the  stores 
both  of  aniniuiiitioii  and  provisions,  and  even 
water,  were  running  low. 

That  night,  as  subsei|uenl  e\  idcine  revealed. 
Little  Crow  ami  his  forces  rctunicd  to  the  Lower 
.Vgency.  where  he  found  the  u]iper  Indians,  whom 
he  had  .sent  for,  arrived.  This  increased  his 
force  to  450  warriors.  Large  numbers  were  also 
marauding  among  the  settlements,  as  far  east  as 
Forest  City  and  as  far  south  as  Lake  Shelek. 
Conlident  that  with  this  large  force  he  could  take 
both  Fort  Itidgely  and  New  Ulm,  he  now  moved 
on  the  former  i)ost. 

During  the  night,  however,  the  garrison  had 
strengthened  its  weak  points  with  great  .skill  and 
success.  ICartliworks  had  been  thrown  up.  bar- 
ricades erected,  out  of  cordwood.  .sacks  of  giaiu. 
etc..  and  other  defenses  provided,  while  llie  can- 
non were  statio I  so  as  to  command  the  most 

exposed  points,  and  the  rillemen  iiostcd  where 
they  could  do  the  greatest  ex<'cution.  About 
noon  the  Indians  aiijieareil  in  greater  nmubers 
than  on  either  previous  attack,  and  commenced 
an  assault  so  determined  and  furious,  it  seemeil 
as  if  they  were  conlident  that  this  time  the  post 
must  fall.  Ihit  as  they  advauceil.  yelling  like  de- 
mons, the  gunners  sent  a  st<u-m  of  grape  and  can- 
nister amongst  them,  while  the  rillemen  poured 
volley  after  volley  into  them,  and  the  savages  re- 
treated from  this  hot  lire.  They  soon  rallie(|  and 
took  i>o.s.se.ssion  of  the  stables  and  other  onlbuild- 


THE  SIOUX  MASSACRE. 


143 


inss  near  the  fort,  and  kept  vip  a  terrible  fire  from 
tliem.  A  perfect  storm  of  balls  poured  into  tlie 
frame  buildings  in  the  fort,  sometimes  passing 
clear  through  them.  Several  soldiers  were  hit, 
and  some  civilians  (one  being  killed),  though  all 
the  non-combatants  kept  well  concealed,  i  inally 
Sergt.  Jones  was  compelled  to  Are  the  outbuild- 
ings with  shells,  and  drive  the  savages  out. 
Soon  the  flames  and  black  smoke  rolled  up,  and, 
with  the  yells  of  the  Indians,  the  rattle  of  small 
arms,  and  the  thunder  of  the  cannon,  made  an 
exciting  scene.  For  five  hours  the  battle  raged 
hotly.  Little  Crow  was  heard  repeatedly  order- 
ing his  warriors  to  charge  into  the  fort,  and  sev- 
eral times  they  gathered  for  that  purpose  and 
started,  but  Sergt.  Jones  would  send  a  storm  of 
shell  or  camiister  among  them,  and  drive  them 
l)ack.  It  is  thought  numbers  of  them  were  killed 
in  this  attack. 

About  dark  their  fire  ceased,  and  the  night  was 
passed  in  quiet,  but  there  were  few  slept  around 
the  post  except  the  non-combatants.  All  the  men 
were  under  arms  all  night,  being  five  nights  of 
weary  vigil  and  sleeplessness.  The  garrison  were 
well  nigh  worn  out,  and  expected  another  day  of 
hard  fighting.  The  sun  rose,  but  no  signs  of  In- 
dians. AVork  was  continued  on  the  fortifications, 
which  were  greatly  strengthened.  While  thus 
engaged,  a  large  body  of  mounted  Indians  (said 
by  Louis  Robert,  who  counted  them,  to  number 
nearly  1 ,000)  were  seen  coming  down  from  the 
Lower  Agency  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 
They  did  not,  however,  cross  to  the  Fort  Ridgely 
side,  but  kept  on  towards  New  Ulm.  It  now 
became  evident  that  the  latter  place  was  their 
ol)jective  point,  and  the  garrison  breathed  freer. 
Still,  they  knew  not  what  a  day  might  bring 
forth,  and  kept  up  their  working  and  watching. 
Let  us  now  return  to 

NEW  tlLM, 

and  see  how  that  beleagured  to^Ti  fared.  After 
the  battle  of  Tuesday,  'leJore  described,  no  at- 
tack had  been  made  on  the  town,  though  small 
parties  of  Indians,  doul)tless  scouts,  were  once 
or  twice  seen  near  the  place.  This  hiterval  of 
quiet  was  spent  in  erecting  barricades,  and  other 
works  of  defence,  and  in  taking  such  stei)s  as 
seemed  necessary,  in  case  of  another  attack. 
About  ten  o'clock  A.  m.  on  Saturday,  the  23d, 


the  Indians  (mounted)  appeared  in  great  force  on 
the  prairie  above  town,  and  our  forces  were  at 
once  posted  on  the  open  ground  in  that  direction. 
The  Indians  first  approached  slowly,  but  when 
about  a  mile  from  our  line,  increased  their  speed, 
and  gradually  spread  out  their  front,  like  a  fan, 
initil  it  covered  our  whole  line.  On  they  came  at 
full  speed,  yelling  Uke  demons.  When  about 
double  rifle-shot  off,  Col.  Flandrau's  men,  mex- 
perienced  in  such  warfare,  fell  back  on  the  town, 
the  Indians  firing  on  them.  The  whites  com- 
mitted the  error  of  passing  the  outermost  build- 
ings, and  not  occupying  them,  an  error  the  sav- 
ages soon  took  advantage  of,  as  they  at  once  took 
possession  of  them,  and  opened  a  furious  fire  on 
our  men.  By  the  exertions  of  Col.  Flandrau, 
the  latter  soon  ralhed,  and  commenced  a  vigorous 
fire  from  every  protected  spot,  each  doing  duty 
as  best  he  could,  '-on  his  own  hook."  They  soon 
recovered  their  coolness,  and  fought  bravely. 
The  enemy,  from  their  great  numbers,  were  able 
to  surroimd  the  town,  and  soon  poured  into  it  a 
fire  from  every  direction.  The  battle  became  fu- 
rious and  general. 

The  Indians  also  succeeded  in  getting  possess- 
ion of  the  houses  on  the  bluff,  which  gave  them  a 
great  advantage,  commanding,  as  it  did,  the  inte- 
rior of  the  town  below,  but  about  twenty  men  of  the 
Le  Sueur  company  had  occupied  the  windmill,  a 
high  biuldiiig  in  that  locaUty,  and  kept  up  such  a 
hot  fire,  the  Indians  could  do  but  little  execution  on 
that  side.  They  took  possession  of  the  lower  end 
of  the  city,  however,  and,  the  wind  being  from 
that  direction,  fired  the  houses  one  by  one,  ad- 
vancuig  thus  towards  the  center  of  the  city,  con- 
cealing themselves  behind  the  smoke.  The 
greatest  danger  seemed  now  to  be  from  this  di- 
rection, and  a  strong  force  of  the  best  marksmen 
was  sent  to  resist  the  advance.  They  fought 
bravely,  and  checked  the  enemy  considerably. 
The  battle  here  was  very  hot  for  several  hours. 
About  three  o'clock  the  enemy  concentrated  a 
force  on  the  river  side,  as  if  preparing  for  a  grand 
assault.  A  detaclmient  was  sent  to  meet  it.  The 
Indians  came  on  at  full  speed,  but  our  men  stood 
firm,  and  sent  such  volleys  among  them,  that  they 
broke  and  retreated,  losing  several.  Two  of  our 
best  marksmen,  however,  fell  at  the  same  time. 

The  battle  raged  fiuiously  and  without  inter- 
mission imtil  dark.     Many   of  our  men  were 


144 


OVTLISES  OF  THE  HISTOHY  OF  ^^X^^ESOTA. 


wounded,  several  killed.  AH  had  foiight  nobly, 
some  performing  feats  of  great  daring.  The  en- 
emy had  left  ten  dead  on  the  field,  besides  many 
killed  and  wounded  carried  off,  and  had  gained, 
so  far.  no  great  advantage;  but  if  the  attack  con- 
tinned  much  longer,  the  worst  result  was  feared. 
Xight  closed  on  the  weary  defenders,  full  of 
doubt  and  anxiety. 

A  consultation  was  now  held  among  the  leading 
men  and  those  in  command,  as  to  the  "  situation." 
One  thing  that  seemed  necessary,  was  to  contract 
the  lines  of  defence  toward  the  center  of  the  town 
so  that  a  less  number  could  more  readily  defend 
any  point.  To  do  this  it  was  voted  tliat  all  build- 
ings, except  a  few  in  the  center  of  tlie  town,  must 
be  l)urned.  To  this  the  inhabitants  consented, 
and  themselves  a))plied  the  torch  to  about  forty 
buildings.  One  brick  house  was  left,  and  loop- 
holed  for  defence.  Including  those  burned  by  the 
savages.  liKi  houses  in  all  were  now  in  ashes. 
Only  about  twenty-five  were  still  standing.  A 
range  of  rifle-pits  were  now  dug  in  front  of  the 
barricade,  and  all  the  defences  strengthened. 

Wlieii  morning  dawned  (Sunday,  August  24th), 
the  savages  feebly  renewed  their  attack,  but  they 
soon  saw  they  were  foiled.  In  order  to  get  near 
enough  to  the  barricade  or  buildings  to  do  any 
execution,  they  must  pass  over  an  open  siiace  right 
in  the  face  of  the  defenders  rifles,  where  there 
•was  not  even  a  bunch  of  grass  to  .skulk  behind. 
They  kept  up  a  lire  at  long  range  for  three  or  four 
hours,  but  as  it  made  no  impression  they  ceased 
llie  attack  about  noon,  and  left  ii  the  direction  of 
Lower  Agency  They  were  seen  from  Fort  Kidge- 
ly  tlia  afternoon,  passing  up  the  river  with  a  long 
train  oi  wat^ons.  jirobably  loaiied  with  their  plun- 
der, and  many  horses  and  cattle  stolen  from  the 
settlers.  Neither  Fort  IJidgely  nor  New  Ulm 
were  again  attacked.  The  brave  resistance  of  the 
whites  had  balked  the  red  demons  at  both  places. 
Had  either  of  those  posts  fallen,  hundreds  of 
women  and  children,  and  even  of  the  armed  men, 
would  have  been  massacred.  ]5ut  few  would 
have  escajied,  and  there  is  no  doubt  hut  that  the 
victorious  savages  would  have  pressed  on  anil 
tjiken  both  St.  Teter  and  Mankato. 


In  the  attack  on  New  Ulm,  ten  whites  were 
killed  and  about  lifty  wounded.  The  few  build- 
ings left  standing  in  the  ])Iace.  were  almost  tilled 
with  the  dead  and  wounded,  and  with  sick  people  ; 
for  disease  ha<l  by  this  time  commenced  to  do  its 
work.  The  iirovisions  were  nearly  exhausted, 
and  it  seemed  impossible  to  hold  the  place  any 
longer.  There  were  no  houses  adequate  to  shel- 
ter the  two  thousand  peoi^le  now  crowded  within 
the  fortilications.  Huiidieds  had  been  for  several 
days  huddled  in  cellars  and  other  unsuitable  pla- 
ces. On  Sunday  afternoon,  one  hundred  and 
fifty  more  volunteers  from  St.  Peter  and  vicinity, 
arrived,  in  coinniaiid  of  E.  St.  .Tiilien  Cox,  well 
armed  and  ecniipped.  A  council  of  war  was  held, 
and  it  was  resolved  to  evacuate  the  town.  Ac- 
cordingly, on  Monday.  August  2otli,  every  inhab- 
itant, some  two  thousand  in  number,  with  a  train 
of  one  hundred  and  lifty-tliree  wagons  bearing 
the  sick,  wounded  and  feeble,  commenced  the 
march  to  Mankato.  •■  It  was  a  melancholy  spec- 
tacle (says  Colonel  Flaiidrau,  in  his  report)  to  see 
two  thousand  peoi^Ie,  who  a  week  before  had  been 
prosperous  and  happy,  reduced  to  utter  beggary, 
starting  on  a  journey  of  tliirty  miles  tlirongh  a 
Iio.stile  country.''  The  volunteer  troops  guarded 
the  train  through  safely 

One  week  had  now  elapsed  since  the  cruel  mas- 
sacre liegaii.  it  was  a  '-week  of  blood."'  Over 
seven  hundred  persons  had  been  murdered  (many 
think  the  number  exceeds  one  thousand);  two 
hundred  had  been  tiiken  captive ;  nearly  two 
thousand  houses  burned;  thousands  of  horses 
and  cattle  stolen,  and  a  fertile  region  some  two 
huiidii'il  miles  1(111'.;  and  one  liuiidiTd  wide,  laid 
waste  and  depo|Milate(l.  Highteeii  counties  were 
ravagi'il,  tliirty  thousand  peoph' (one-tenth  of  the 
population  of  the  State)  homeless,  their  crops  and 
property  going  to  ruin.  Claims  were  subsequently 
filed  by  nearly  three  thousand  jier.sons,  who  lost 
property  valued  at  .■jlJ.-'iOd.OOd.  Jhit  this  does  not 
represent  the  total  loss  to  our  State,  while  lu)  sum 
can  represent  the  sorrow  and  suffering  caused  by 
the  massacre. 


DEFEAT  AND  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


145 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 


DEFEAT   AND   PUNISHMENT   OF   THE   HOSTILE    INDIANS. 


Military  Measures  to  Defend  the  Frontier, — Want  of  any  Organized  Force. — H.  H- 
Sibley  Appointed  to  Command  an  Expedition.— Great  Lack  of  Anns  and  Am- 
ninnition. — Volunteers  Hurry  to  the  Rescue  in  Large  Force.— CoL  Sihley  fiath- 
ers  a  Column  at  St.  Peter— And  Relieves  Fort  Ridgely— Great  Want  of  Ammu- 
nition, Transportation,  and  Supplies — Danger  of  a  Chippewa  Outbreak. — Ac- 
count of  Indian  Raids  ill  K.aiidiyohi,  Meeker,  and  other  Counties. — Siege  of 
Hutchinson. — Siege  of  Fort  Abercrombie. — A  Mounted  Force  Provided  — The 
Battle  of  Birch  Coolie.— Relief  Measures  for  tlie  Refugees.  —The  State  Apro- 
priates  $25,000. — Cid.  Sibley  Opens  Negotiations  for  the  Release  of  Prisoners. — 
They  Prove  Successful. — Extra  Session  of  tlie  Legislature. — B.ittle  of  Wood 
Lake. — The  Savages  Defeated. — Release  of  the  Captives, ---Arrest  and  Trial  of 
the  Guilty  Murderers.— Three  hundred  and  Three  Convicted  and  Sentenced  to 
be  Hung.---Close  of  the  Indian  War."-Departure  of  more  Regiments  for  the 
War.— Hard  Figliting  by  our  Troops  in  the  South.— Execution  ol  Thirty-eight 
Indian  Murderers  at  Mankato. 

While  these  exciting  events  were  occurrinE; 
along  the  frontier,  the  State  authorities  had  been 
acting  with  great  energy  and  promptness  in  or- 
ganizing and  equipping  a  military  force  to  pro- 
ceed against  the  savages.  The  suddenness  of  the 
outlireak  found  them  totally  iniprepared  for  any 
such  emergency.  The  Sixth  Regiment  was  in 
barracks  at  Fort  Snelling,  nearly  full  and  par- 
tially organized,  but  its  field  officers  had  not  yet 
been  appointed,  nor  had  the  men  received  their 
arms.  The  Seventh,  Eighth,  Kinth  and  Tenth 
Regiments  were  also  partially  recruited  but  not 
mustered  in.  Skeleton  companies  were  at  Fort 
SneMing,  but  none  had  been  organized,  and 
the  men  were  undisciplined.  Large  numbers 
had  been  let  off  on  fiu'lougli,  to  complete 
harvesting  their  crops.  All  the  arms  due  the 
State  had  been  drawn  and  issued  to  the  old  regi- 
ments. The  general  government  was  so  hard 
pushed  that  even  lilankets  and  tents  could  not  be 
furnished  to  the  xiew  troops. 

Immediately  on  receiving  the  news.  Governor 
Ramsey  appointed  Hon.  H.  H.  Sibley,  of  Men- 
dota,  to  the  command  of  such  forces  at  Fort 
Snelling  as  the  commandant  there.  Colonel  B.  F. 
Smith,  could  organize  on  the  instant.  Colonel 
Sibley  was  admiralily  ([ualified  for  such  a  respon- 
sible duty.  Ills  long  and  intimate  actiuaintaiice 
with  the  Indian  character  and  habits,  and  espe- 
cially with  the  bands  now  in  rebellion,  together 

with  his  knowledge  of  military  matters,  and  his 
10 


familiarit)'  with  the  topogi-aphy  of  the  country, 
enabled  him  to  either  meet  the  savages  in  the  field 
successfully,  or  to  treat  with  them  to  advantage. 

Four  companies  of  troops,  about  three  hundred 
in  all.  armed  with  Belgian  rifles  and  10.000  cart- 
ridges, were  furnished  to  him ;  and  they  at  once 
started  on  a  small  steamer  for  Shakopee,  arriving 
there  on  the  20th.  From  thence  they  marched  to 
St.  Peter.  On  the  21st.  the  sLx  remaining  compa- 
nies of  the  Sixth  Regiment  were  filled  by  consol- 
idation and  transfers,  and  sent  forward  as  rapidly 
as  possible.  On  the  21st,  Governor  Ramsey  is- 
sued a  proclamation,  reciting  the  news  of  the  out- 
break, and  calling  on  such  citizens  as  had  horses 
and  arms,  to  start  at  once  and  join  the  expedition 
moving  up  the  rirer.  Considerable  numbers  did 
so.  Companies  of  horsemen  were  formed  in  St. 
Paul,  and  several  other  places,  and  rode  forward 
night  and  day.  Small  companies  of  infantry  also 
organized  m  various  towns  in  the  central  and  east- 
ern portion  of  the  State,  and  made  forced  marches 
to  the  relief  of  the  frontier.  By  the  end  of  the 
first  "  week  of  blood  "  (a  very  short  period,  con- 
sidering how  unprepared  the  State  was  for  such 
a  war)  several  thousand  armed  men  were  pressing 
fonvard  on  different  routes  to  meet  and  drive 
back  the  savages.  These  companies  were  mostly 
distributed  at  stockades  and  garrisoned  towiis 
along  the  frontier,  where  they  remained  for  sev- 
eral weeks,  until  the  worst  danger  was  over.  On 
September  9th,  Governor  Ramsey's  message  re- 
ports, there  were  twenty-two  militia  companies, 
with  2800  men  under  arms,  and  volunteer  troops 
enough  to  m.ake  -a-jOO  men  in  all. 

Oil  Friday,  the  22d,  Col.  Sibley  arrived  at  St. 
Peter,  and  remained  there  some  three  days,  get- 
ting his  troops  u»  hand  and  properly  armed.  The 
latter  was  a  work  of  difliculty.  .Most  of  the  Sixth 
Regiment  were  armed  with  Belgian  rilles,  many  of 
them  almost  worthless,  and  none  of  them  very 
reliable.    But  a  small  part  of  the  cartridges  fur- 


146 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


nished  were  of  the  right  calibre,  and  mmh  time 
was  lost  "  swedgiiig  "  bullets.  Gov.  Kamsey  had. 
on  the  20th.  telegraphed  to  the  governor  of  Wis- 
consin to  "borrow"  100.000  cartridges.  They 
were  promptlj'  sent,  and  reached  Col.  Sibley  at 
Fort  Ridgely.  Provisions  had  to  be  collected, 
and  transportation  secured.  Meantime  the  peo- 
ple of  the  State  were  nervous  with  anxiety,  and 
blamed  the  commander  and  State  authorities  for 
not  throwing  his  half-armed  and  unorganized 
troojis  at  once  on  the  .several  hundred  well  armed 
and  desperate  savages  at  Xew  I'lm  or  Fort 
Ridgely.  Had  this  been  done,  a  •■  Custer  massa- 
cre"' would  have  resulted,  and  anotlier  rout  and 
panic  ensued,  many  fold  worse  tlian  lliat  of  the 
week  i)revious. 

By  the  24th,  nine  companies  of  the  sixth  reg- 
iment (of  which  AVni.  Crooks  had  just  been  ap- 
pointed colonel)  were  concentrated  at  St.  Peter. 
There  were  also  some  three  hundred  mounted 
men.  and  several  companies  of  militia  infantry. 
On  tlie  morning  of  August  2(;th,  Col.  Sibley,  with 
his  entire  force,  about  1400  men,  commenced  the 
march  to  Fort  Ridgely.  Col.  McPhaill,  with  one 
hundred  and  eighty  mounted  men,  was  sent  on 
in  advance.  These  arrived  at  tlie  Fort  at  dark, 
to  tlie  great  joy  of  its  beleaguered  inmates.  The 
main  force  arrived  on  August  28th.  No  Indians 
were  encountered  on  the  way.  Tlie  expedition 
wa-s  halted  at  this  post  for  several  days,  initil  nec- 
essary reinforcements  and  ammunition  (which  he 
called  for  from  the  executive)  should  arrive,  and 
enable  him  to  pursue  and  successfully  act  against 
the  Indians,  who  had  retreated  some  distance 
up  tlie  river.where  it  was  reported  they  had  a 
number  of  prisoners. 

On  August  2.>tli,  Col.  15.  F.  Smith  was  ordered 
to  organize  a  force  of  1000  men.  out  of  detach- 
ments of  the  seventh,  eighth,  niulh,  and  tenth 
n'gimeiits,  at  Fort  Siielling,  and  dispatch  said 
force  at  once  to  join  Col.  Sibley.  Tliis  force  was 
put  under  cflramand  of  Lt.  Col.  Wm.  R.  Marshall, 
of  the  Keveiitli  regiment,  and  moved  forward  as 
soon  as  it  could  be  jiioperly  eijuii)pe(I.  reaching 
the  exjiedilioii  on  September  1st. 

The  ditliculty  of  securing  transiKirlation  for 
these  expeditions,  wiis  a  serious  drawback  to  ce- 
lerity of  iiioveineiit.s.  Finally,  n  gencnil  order 
was  iiwued  by  (he  adjiitiint  general  authorizing 
the  commanding  ofllcers  of  detaclmientii  in  act- 


ual service,  to  seize  and  impress  citizens  teams 
whenever  needed.  This  was  done,  and  enough 
transportation  secured  in  that  way,  resulting  in 
many  cases  of  individual  hardship,  but  this  is 
one  of  the  inexorable  "necessities  of  war." 
Another  great  need  which  bothered  the  state  au- 
thorities, was  the  scarcity  of  serviceable  arms. 
Good  rilles  were  few.  ilany  of  the  troops 
were  very  poorly  armed,  and  even  of  these  inferi- 
or guns,  enough  could  not  be  had.  The  general 
government  was  telegraphed  to.  but  couUl  supply 
none,  in  season  to  do  any  good.  The  authcii- 
ties  then  seized  all  the  gun-shops  in  the  states 
and  confiscated  their  serviceable  rilles  and  mus- 
kets, and  ammunition.  All  the  powder  and  lead 
in  the  hands  of  dealers  everywhere  was  seized, 
yielding  3,175  pounds  of  powder  and  1.200  pounds 
of  lead.  Even  this  was  insuflieieiit.  A  lead 
pipe,  some  3.000  feel  long,  which  had  been  laid 
in  one  of  the  streets  oi  St.  Paid,  but  was  just  then 
unused,  was  dug  up  and  melted  into  bullets.  A 
force  of  young  women  were  working  day  and 
night  makin;;  cartridges.  Finally,  however,  all 
the  troops  were  wel  supplied  and  equipped,  and 
no  further  trouble  was  felt.  It  must  be  remem- 
bered that  there  were  then  no  railroads  in  the 
state  (except  one  ten-mile  section  between  St. 
Paul  and  Minneapolis,)  and  no  telegraph  but 
one  from  St.  Paul  to  La  Crosse.  All  military 
messages  and  dispatches  to  the  frontier,  had  to 
be  sent  by  special  couriers. 

DANGKR  OF  A  CHIPPEWA   W  VU. 

Meantime,  a  new  danger  threatened  the  people 
of  the  state.  In  addition  to  the  powerful  Sioux 
nation,  there  were  in  Minnesota  the  Winnebagoes, 
with  400  warriors,  and  in  tli«  northern  half  of  the 
stJite,  the  Chiiipewas,  whr  coidd  musler  2..J00  or 
3.000  warriors.  There  were  good  grounds  for  be- 
lieving that  these  trilies  had  been  in  consultation 
with  the  Sioux,  and  that  it  the  latter  were  suc- 
cessful they  would  also  rise  It  has'been  proved 
that  several  Winni'bagoes  participated  in  the 
earlier  murders  near  the  I'pper  and  Lower  Agen- 
cies, while  on  the  same  day  a.s  the  outbreak  at 
Redwood,  the  Chiiipewas  commenced  plundering 
their  agency  at  .Crow  "Wing  on  the  U]iper  Miss- 
issipjii,  and  a.ssembliug  armed  warriors.  They 
acted  very  turbulent,  and  defiant,  and  an  out- 
br<  ak  liel  ween  them  ami  the  whites  waa  Immi- 


DEFEAT  AND  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


147 


ment.  Indeed,  on  one  occasion,  shots  were  act- 
ually exchanged.  The  possibility  of  an  outbreak 
by  them  so  weighed  on  tlie  mind  of  Maj.  L.  C. 
Walker,  their  agent,  that  he  committed  suicide 
near  Monticello,  on  Aug.  23d.  Companies  of 
cavalry  were  authorized  by  tlie  state  autliorities 
to  protect  the  country  north  of  St.  Paul,  and  per- 
formed patrol  duty  for  some  days.  Had  the 
Chippewas  risen  also,  nearly  tlie  wliole  state 
would  have  been  laid  waste.  Even  the  cities  of  St. 
Paul,  jSIinneapolis,  etc. ,  would  have  been  captured, 
as  there  were  not  arms  in  those  places  enough  to 
have  defended  them.  A  company  of  Home 
Guards  was  organized  in  St.  Paul  as  a  precau- 
tionary measure.  For  some  days  the  situation 
was  veiy  critical,  and  full  of  danger.  Finally, 
Hon.  Wm.  P.  Dole,  the  Commissioner  of  Indian 
Affairs,  Hon.  H.  M.  Rice,  Major  E.  A.  C.  Hatch, 
Clark  W.  Thompson,  and  otlier  men  who  had 
influence  with  the  Ojibways,  calmed  them  down, 
and  averted  what  might  have  proved  an  awful 
disaster. 

THE    WAR     nsr     3IEEKER,     KANDIYOHI      AND 
STEARNS    COUNTIES. 

The  coimties  along  the  Minnesota  River  were 
not  tlie  only  ones  ravaged  by  the  red  devils  during 
that  week  of  blood.  McLeod,  Monongalia,  Kandi- 
yohi, Steams,  Meeker,  Otter  Tail,  Douglas,  Sib- 
ley, etc.,  were  aU  overrun  in  whole  or  in  part,  and 
the  inhabitants  either  butchered  or  driven  away. 
Tlie  first  blood  of  the  outbreak  had  ijeen  shed  at 
Acton,  Meeker  county.  A  messenger  was  sent  post 
liaste  by  the  citizens  there  to  inform  Gov.  Ramsey. 
He  arrived  at  the  capitol  just  at  the  same  time 
that  the  cornier  from  St.  Peter  bore  the  news 
from  Redwood.  The  Governor  issued  to  Capt. 
Geo.  C.  Whitcomb,  of  Forest  City,  seventy-five 
guns  and  a  small  amount  of  ammunition,  to  en- 
able them  to  make  a  stand.  Capt.  W.  returned" 
with  these  at  once,  via  Hutchinson,  where  he  left 
some  of  the  guns.  On  arriving  at  Forest  City 
he  found  the  whole  region  in  a  state  of  panic,  the 
inhabitants  fleeing,  and  the  Indians  killing  and 
ravaging  the  country.  A  company  was  at  once 
organized  and  armed,  and  marched  over  into 
Monongalia  county  (smce  a  part  of  Kandiyohi), 
where  they  found  the  bodies  of  a  number  of  slain, 
and  also  of  hundreds  of  cattle  kUled  in  mere  wan- 
tonness.   They  also  rescued  several  persons  who 


had  been  woimded  and  were  hiding.  The  militia, 
aided  by  citizens  at  Forest  City,  at  once  began 
erecting  a  large  stockade  for  defence,  in  the  cen- 
ter of  town,  in  which  the  inhabitants  and  refugees 
could  take  shelter.  Hearing  that  a  family  at 
Green  Lake  were  in  great  danger,  Capt.  Whit- 
comb went  to  their  relief.  Near  that  spot  his 
men  had  a  hard  skirmish  with  the  Indians,  in 
which  three  of  the  redskins  were  left  dead  on  the 
ground,  and  only  one  of  his  own  men  sUghtly 
wounded.  He  returned  to  the  stockade  that 
niglit,  but  next  day,  with  a  larger  party,  again 
attempted  to  reach  Green  Lake.  The  Indians 
again  attacked  him,  and  after  a  sharp  battle  he 
returned  without  loss  to  Forest  City.  That  night 
the  savages  made  a  fierce  attack  on  the  town, 
bunied  several  buildings,  and  fired  on  the  stock- 
ade, but  fortunately  hurting  no  one.  The  troops 
returned  the  fire.  About  daylight  the  Indians 
were  seen  trymg  to  drive  off  a  number  of  horses 
and  cattle  in  a  corral.  The  troops  salhed  out  and 
drove  them  off,  killing  two,  and  having  two  of 
their  own  number  badly  wounded.  By  this  time 
Meeker  county  west  of  Forest  City,  and  all  of 
Kandiyohi  and  Monongalia  counties,  were  entirely 
deserted  by  the  whites. 

On  August  26th,  Captain  Richard  Strout  of  the 
Tenth  Regiment,  was  ordered  to  proceed  to  Glen- 
coe  and  the  region  adjacent,  to  protect  it.  He 
reached  that  place  about  September  1st,  and 
found  the  town  had  been  well  fortified  and  de- 
fended by  the  miUtia  mider  command  of  General 
John  H.  Stevens,  of  the  state  militia,  and  was 
safe  from  any  Immediate  danger.  He  therefore 
marched,  with  about  seventy-five  men,  towards 
Acton.  On  the  morning  of  September  3d,  he  was 
attacked  near  that  place  by  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty  Indians,  and  a  sharp  iiattle  ensued. 
The  troops  were  driven  back  towards  Hutchinson, 
fighting  all  the  way,  until  af teiTioon,  when  they 
reached  that  place.  Captain  Strout  lost  three 
men  killed  and  fifteen  wounded,  all  of  whom  were 
brought  off  the  field,  and  lost  most  of  their  equi- 
page, rations,  &c.,and  several  horses  and  wagons 
abandoned  and  mired.  The  Indians  must  have 
lost  several  killed. 

At  Hutchinson,  a  large  stockade  liad  been  built, 
and  a  company  of  about  sixty  miUtia  commanded 
by  Captain  Harrington,  were  defending  the  town. 
About  nine  the  next  morning,  September  4th,  the 


148 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  ^UNNESOTA. 


Indians  attacked  the  post.  They  burned  all  the 
Louses  on  the  edge  of  the  town  and  one  or  t\vo 
more  centrally  located.  Our  troops  sallied  out 
and  routed  them.  lioA\ever.  and  a  succession  of 
skirmishes  ensued,  wliicli  lasted  all  day. 

Meantime,  General  Stevens  had  heard  of  the 
engagement  near  Acton,  and  at  once  sent  the 
conijianies  of  Captain  Davis  and  Lieutenant 
Weinmann  to  the  relief  of  Hutchinson.  They 
arrived  about  si,\  o'clock  on  the  evening  of  the 
fight,  but  the  Indians  had  withdrawn.  Several 
jiei-sons  in  the  neighborhood  were  killed  by  them, 
and  others  escaped  into  the  stockade.  All  the 
signs  indicated  that  the  Indians  had  retreated 
towards  the  upper  Minnesota,  taking  a  large 
drove  of  stolen  horses  and  cattle  w  ith  Ihem.  The 
Indians  were  not  seen  again  in  this  vicinity  until 
September  23d.  when  a  band  of  about  fifty  inva- 
ded ^Meeker  and  Kandiyohi  counties.  They  killed 
two  or  three  settlers  who  had  returned  to  their 
farms,  but  seemed  more  intent  on  stealing  cattle 
than  on  killing  whites.  They  were  pursued  by 
the  troops,  and  sixty-live  head  of  cattle  rescued 
from  them. 

AV right  county  does  not  seem  to  have  been  in- 
vaded by  the  Indians.  Fortifications  were  erect- 
ed by  the  iuhabitaiils  at  various  points,  but  no 
depredations  were  made  in  that  locality,  so  far  as 
known. 

AN'estern  and  southern  Stearns  ((nintv.  how- 
ever, suffered  severely  from  the  depredations  of 
the  red  foe.  About  August  23d,  they  committed 
murders  and  other  crimes  near  Paynesville.  The 
pciil)le  of  that  town  erected  a  strong  stockade, 
and  the  citizens  and  refugees  from  points  further 
west,  sheltered  themselves  therein.  A  part  of 
the  town  was  binneci.  but  no  attack  was  made  on 
the  i)ost.  At  .Maine  Prairie,  St.  Joseph's,  Sauk 
Centre,  Clear  Water,  Little  Falls,  and  other  pla- 
ces, similar  stockades  were  built,  and  held  by  a 
few  determined  citizens.  At  St.  Cloud,  wliicli 
was  (illed  with  refugees,  strong  fortilications  were 
built,  and  preparations  made  to  defend  the  iilace 
to  the  utmost,  bill  no  foe  ever  ajjpeared,  fortu- 
nately. A  number  of  persons  were  iniiidcicd  in 
the  western  and  .southern  part  of  Stearns  county, 
and  houses  bunied. 

The  southwestern  portion  of  (he  Slate  was  also 
ovemm.  anil  a  number  of  minders  connnitted. 
This  district  was  suuii  after  placed  in  commaud 


of  Colonel  Flandrau,  and  about  five  hundred 
militia  garrisoned  at  different  points,  who  soon 
rid  the  country  of  Indians. 

The  Third  Kegiment.  which  had  been  paroled, 
after  its  surrender,  at  Jliirfreesboro,  was  now  at 
r.ciiton  Barracks.  JSIi).  ( iov.  Kamsey  telegraphed 
on  Aug.  22d  to  have  them  sent  to  this  state  at 
once,  for  service  against  the  Indians.  The  re- 
quest was  complied  with.  The  r(>giment  received 
its  exchange  on  Aug. 24th,  and  they  arrived  in 
St.  Paul  on  vSept.  4th.  All  their  officers  were 
still  jirisoners  in  the  hands  of  the  rebel.,,  and  the 
companies  were  commanded  by  nou-ioiiiiuissioued 
officers.  Maj.  Welch,  who  was  not  willi  the  regi- 
ment at  its  surrender,  (having  been  taken  i)ris- 
oner  at  Hull  linn)  was  in  command  of  the  regi- 
ment. Three  hundred  men  were  at  once  sent  to 
the  frontier,  where  tliey  did  good  service,  being 
the  only  veteran  troops  engaged  during  the  war. 

On  -Vug,  23d,  Gov.  Ramsey,  in  response  to 
many  petitions,  called  an  extra  session  of  the 
legislature,  to  meet  on  Sept.  9th. 

SIEGE  OF  FORT   ABERCUOjrBIE. 

On  Aug.  2Hd  the  Indians  coinmenced  hostili- 
ties in  the  valley  of  the  Red  Kiver.  Fort  Aber- 
crombie  was  then  garrisoned  by  Co.  D.,  Fifth 
Regiment,  Capt.  J.  Van  der  Ilorck,  but  about 
half  the  company  was  stationed  at  Georgetown, 
])rotecting  the  Transportation  Company's  goods 
at  that  i)lace.  Early  on  the  23d  a  b.''nd  of  500 
Sissetons  and  Yanktons  crossed  the  Otter  Tail 
River,  with  the  intention  of  capturing  a  train  of 
gooilsand  cattle  en  route  for  Red  Lake,  where  a 
treaty  was  to  be  made  with  the  Chippewas.  The 
train  was  at  once  ordered  to  take  refuge  in  Fort 
Abercrombie.  and  did  so.  Most  of  Ihe  citizens 
in  the  surrouiidiiig  region  also  ri'iiaired  to  tliat 
post,  for  safety,  but  many  were  killed,  or  taken 
prisoners.     The  town  of   Dayton  was  destroyed. 

Heinforcements  were  ordered  to  Fort  Aber- 
crombie as  soon  as  ils  danger  was  learned,  but 
the  troojis  sent  out  were  detained  en  nnite,  to 
l)rotectanil  aid  threatened  places  in  Stearns  and 
Meeker  Counties,  and  did  not  reach  the  fcu't. 
Meaiitiiiic  it  was  in  great  danger,  and  was  ipiite 
sunoiinileil  liy  tlie  enemy.  Skirmishes  near  by 
had  takin  jilace  between  detachments  of  the 
troops  and  the  Indians.  On  Aug.  .'idlh  tlu^  latter 
apiicared  in  large  numbers  before  the  fort.    A 


DEFEAT  AND  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


149 


large  herd  of  the  treaty  cattle  (172  head)  and 
about  100  horses  and  mules  were  grazing  on  the 
prairie  near  hy.  The  Indians  drove  these  off. 
and  the  small  garrison  could  make  no  resistance. 
On  Sept.  3d,  at  daybreak,  the  Indians  attacked 
the  post.  A  fight  was  kept  up  for  two  or  three 
hours,  but  they  were  repulsed,  with  some  loss  on 
both  sides.  Active  measures  were  then  taken 
to  strengthen  the  post  by  a  stockade  of  timber. 
On  Sept.  6th,  a  second  attack  was  made,  and  a 
sharp  battle  raged  until  nearly  noon.  A  number 
of  the  Indians  were  killed  and  wounded,  but  only 
one  of  our  force  was  killed,  and  one  mortally 
wounded.  The  Indians  hung  around  the  fort, 
occasionally  attacking  a  messenger,  or  a  water- 
ing party,  until  Sept.  23d,  when  reinforcements 
arrived  via  St.  Cloud  to  the  great  joy  of  the  be- 
leaguered garrison,  who  had  now  been  besieged 
over  three  weeks.  No  farther  demonstrations,  of 
any  force,  were  made  by  the  Indians.  But  for 
the  brave  resistance  made  by  a  mere  handful  of 
soldiers,  aided  by  a  few  citizens,  the  post  must 
have  fallen. 

A  REGIMENT  OF  MOUNTED  RANGERS  RAISED. 

The  want  of  a  mounted  force  to  pursue  the  In- 
dians was  severely  felt  by  Col.  Sibley.  Ills  small 
number  of  irregu'ar  mounted  militiamen  were 
leaving  for  their  homes.  He  several  times  urged 
Gov.  Ramsey  to  provide  cavalry,  and  that  official 
in  turn  asked  of  the  War  Department  the  proper 
authority.  This  was  granted  on  Sept.  1st,  and 
a  regiment  of  mounted  rangers  at  once  called  for, 
for  three  months  service,  v.liich  was  subsequently 
changed  to  one  year.  The  regiment  was  soon 
recruited,  and  Col.  S.  McPhaill  appointed  colonel. 

BATTLE  OF  BIRCH  COOLIE. 

While  waiting  at  Fort  Ridgely  for  proper  sup- 
plies and  equipments,  and  before  undertaking 
any  offensive  campaign  against  the  Indians,  Col. 
Sibley  sent  out,  on  August  31st,  a  detachment  to 
bury  dead  bodies,  rescue  any  fugitives  that  might 
be  found,  anl  make  reconnoissances.  This  de- 
tachment consisted  of  part  of  Co.  A.  sixth  regi- 
ment, Capt.  II.  P.  Grant,  about  seventy  moiuited 
men  under  Capt.  Jos.  Anderson,  and  a  fatigue 
party — about  one  hundred  and  fifty  men  in  all, 
accompanied  by  seventeen  teams.  The  whole 
force  was  in  command  of  Maj.  Joseph  R.  Brown, 
■who  was  perfectly  familiar  with  the  country  and 


with  Indian  warfare.  On  the  first  day's  inarch 
sixteen  dead  bodies  were  fomid  and  buried.  The 
next  day  (Sept.  1)  the  force  separated  into  two 
detachments.  During  this  day  fifty-five  mutU- 
ated  bodies  were  buried.  In  the  evening  the 
whole  force  went  into  camp  at  Birch  Coolie  (or 
Coulee)  in  a  spot  selected  by  Maj.  Brown.  No 
Indians  had  been  seen  that  day. 

Just  before  daybreak  on  the  2d,  the  camp  was 
aroused  by  a  volley  of  firearms  and  the  yells  of 
Indians,  who  had  crawled  unperceived  within  a 
few  yards  of  the  encampment.  For  a  few  min- 
nutes  terrific  volleys  were  poured  into  the  tents, 
cutting  them  into  shreds  and  wounding  or  killing 
a  number  of  men  and  horses.  As  soon  as  tliey 
could  seize  their  arms,  those  who  were  unhurt 
crawled  out,  and  sheltering  themselves  as  well  as 
they  could  behind  wagons,  dead  horses,  etc.,  re- 
turned the  fire.  Shortly  after  daylight  the  men 
began  excavatmg,  with  such  implements  as  they 
could  get,  a  line  of  rifle-pits,  and  in  a  short  time 
had  about  two  hundred  feet  dug. 

The  firing  in  the  still  of  the  morning  was  heard 
Ijv  the  sentinels  at  Fort  Ridgely,  fifteen  miles 
away,  and  a  detachment  of  troops  under  Colonel 
McPhaill,  at  once  pushed  off  to  their  relief. 
When  within  three  miles  of  Birch  Coolie,  they 
were  met  by  such  a  large  force  of  Indians  they 
could  not  advance,  and  seLt  a  courier  back  for 
reinforcements.  ^Meantime,  the  troops  of  JSIajor 
Brown's  command  lay  all  day  in  their  rifle  pits, 
keepmg  the  savages  at  bay.  The  wounded  were 
cared  for  as  well  as  possible,  but  some  died  du- 
ring the  day. 

As  soon  tis  JilcPhaill's  courier  reached  Fort 
Ridgely,  a  large  force,  with  some  artillery,  was 
sent  to  the  relief  of  his  and  Brown's  troops. 
They  came  up  about  daylight,  and  the  whole  col- 
umn then  pushed  on  to  Birch  CooUe,  dislodging 
and  driving  the  Indians  from  their  position,  after 
keeping  our  men  imder  fire  for  thirty  hours,  with-  • 
out  food  or  drink. 

The  camp  was  an  awfid  scene,  when  relieved. 
Twenty-three  men  had  been  killed  outright  or 
mortally  woimded,  forty-five  badly  woimded,  and 
seventy  horses  killed.  The  dead  were  buried  on 
the  spot,  and  tlie  wounded  carried  back  to  Fort 
Ridgely  in  wagons.  Thus  terminated  the  most 
bloody  battle  of  the  war,  and  one  which  spread 
gloom  over  the  State.    It  is  not  creditable  to 


loO 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


ilinnesota  that  this  battle  ground  should  have 
been  allowed  to  pass  into  private  hands,  and  be 
plowed  over.  It  should  have  been  reserved  l)y  the 
State  as  a  historic  spot,  and  marked  with  a  suit- 
able monument.  All  the  bodies,  however,  were 
subsequently  removed,  and  properly  interred  else- 
where. 

KELIKK   MEASURES   FOR   THE   REFUGEES. 

The  condition  of  the  poor  refugees  from  the 
ravaged  districts,  was  deplorable  in  the  extreme. 
In  St  Peter  alone,  there  were  in  September,  as 
many  as  G.OOO  or  7,000  for  some  days,  and  at  one 
time  8.00(1.     In  St.  Paul  tliere  were  1.000,  and  at 
Minneapolis  an  equal  number,  and  all  tlie  towns 
had  more  or  less.     They'  were  all  destitute  of 
money,  clothing,  employment,  &e..  and  many 
were  sick,  wliile  not  a  few  were  actually  insane 
from  trouble  and  grief.     The  active  exertions  of 
citizens  of  St.  I'eter  alone  prevented  great  suffer- 
ing there,  but  their  means  were  soon  exhausted. 
They  then  ajiijealed  through  tlie  papers  for  aid, 
and  Governor  llamsey  appointed  commissioners 
to  receive  and  disburse  supjilies.     About  S:20,000 
in  money  was  contiibuted,  half  of  which  came 
from  eastern  cities,  w  hile  large  quantities  of  cloth- 
ing were  collected  by  local  relief  committees,  in 
St.   Paul  and  other  places.      The  Legislature, 
V  hen  it  met.  voted  $1'.5.000  more.    These  amounts 
relieved  the  worst  cases  of  need.    In  October, 
most  of  those  whose  homes  had  not  been  des- 
troyed relnrned  to  them,  and  the  numl)er  of  des- 
titute rai)idly  decreased.     Several  hundred,  how- 
ever, were  supported  all  winter.    Fortunately, 
laborers  had  now  become  scarce,  and  wages  en- 
hanced, so  tliat  all  could  get  empldymeMt.    Tlie 
buildmg  of  railroads  went  along  unchecked  in 
the  midst  of  all  the  panic.    The  AVinona  and  St. 
Peter  Kailroad  completed  about  ten  miles  of  road 
this  fall. 

.  NKOOTIATIONS     FOR     RELEA.SE    OF     illE     J'ltls- 
ONKRS. 

IJefore  leaving  the  battle-lield  of  Pirch  Coolie, 
Col.  Sibley  left  the  following  note  attached  to  a 
stake: 

"  If  Little  Crow  has  any  i)roposuion  to  maKe  to 
me,  let  him  send  a  lialf-breed  to  me,  and  he  shall 
be  protected  ui  and  out  of  caniji. 

"II.  II.  SIJJLKY, 
"  Co\.  Com'g  Mil.  Expedii." 


Col.  Sibley  bad  reason  to  believe  tlml  ilieir  re- 
peated defeats  had  discouraged  the  foe.  and  ne- 
gotiations could  be  made  with  tlie  disaffected 
Intlians.  and  those  tired  of  fighting,  for  the  re- 
lease of  tlie  iiriscineis.  Tliis  note  bore  good  fruit 
very  soon. 

It  was  now  evident  that  all  the  marauilmg 
bands  from  the  interior  had  been  called  in,  and 
that  the  Indians  would  oppose  the  column  on  its 
march  with  all  their  combined  forces. 

Col.  Sibley  ordered  the  Third  regiment,  then 
at  Gleucoe.  to  join  his  command,  and  it  reached 
Fort  Ridgely  on  Sept.  13th. 

Meantime  Col.  SiWey's  note  had  been   sliown 
Little  Crow  on  his  return  from  the  raid  mi  the 
Big  AVoods  settlers,  and  A.  J.  Campbell,  a  half- 
breed  who  acted  as  his  secretary,  read  it  to  him. 
Crow  at  once  dictated  a  reply,  blaming  Galbraith 
and  the  traders  for  wronging  them,  and  enumer- 
ating some  grievances  which  caused  the  war. 
He  requested  an  answer.    This  note  reached  Col. 
Sibley  at  Fori  Ridgely  on  Sept.  7th.    Col.  S.  at 
once  replied  demanding  that  Little  Crow  .should 
release  the  prisoners,  and   he  would  then  treat 
with   him.    On   Sept.  liith  a  reply  was  received 
froni  Crow,  saying  that  the  Mdewakantons  had 
loO  prisoners,  and  other  bands  some  more.    He 
said:    "I   want  to  know  from  yo\i,  as  a  friend, 
what  way  I  can  make  peace  for  my  people."    Col. 
Sibley  at  once  replied,  urging  Crow  to  give  \ip  the 
prisoners,  and  complaining  that  he  had  allowed 
his  young  men  to  kill  nine  more  whites  since  he 
sent  the   lirst   letter.    The    same    courier    who 
brought  Little  Crow's  letter  also  brought  one  pri- 
vately  from    tlie   chief   Wabasha,  and   Taopi,   a 
Christian   Indian.     They  asserted  that  they  were 
forced   into    (lie   war.  and    were    now  anxious  to 
make  jieaii'.  and  if   a  chance  offered  they  would 
come   in  and  give  themselves  up.  with  all  their 
lirisniiers.     Col.  Sibley  replied   to  this  message 
urging  tliem  to  do  so,  and  promising  them  pro- 
tection, adding  that  he  was  now  strong  enough 
to  crush  all  the  In<lians  who  held  oat. 

When  this  letter  was  received  by  Wabasha  and 
his  friends  wlio  wished  to  separate  fmni  the  uihci- 
Indians,  a  great  disi)ute  arose  aiiKing  all  the 
liands.  Indeed,  <lis;iffection  and  jealousy  had 
been  brewing  ever  since  the  outbreak.  The  pris- 
oners were  in  great  iieril  and  might  liave  been 
murdered.     Put  at  last  all  worked  out  well,  and 


DEFEAT  AND  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


161 


the  friendly  and  repentant  Indians  carried  the 
day. 

The  War  Department  had  meantime  created 
Minnesota  and  Dakota  into  a  military  depart- 
ment, and  appointed  Gen.  John  Pope  to  the  com- 
mand, lie  reached  St.  Paul  on  Sept.  12th,  and 
established  his  headquarters  there.    The 

EXTKA  SESSION  OF  THE  LEGISLATURE, 

called  by  the  Governor,  met  on  September  9th, 
and  adjourned  on  September  29th.  The  legisla- 
f  (in  was  mostly  in  regard  to  matters  growing  out 
of  the  Ind'an  war.  A  Board  of  Auditors  was 
created  to  adjust  claims  growing  out  of  the  mas- 
sacre, and  $75,000  was  appropriated  to  settle 
them.  Congress  was  memorialized  to  reimburse 
the  State  for  this  outlay.  A  Board  of  Commis- 
sioners was  authorized  to  collect  names  of  slain, 
and  the  facts  of  their  death,  &c.  [This  was  never 
done.]  The  sum  of  $25,000  was  voted  for  the 
relief  of  indigent  refugees.  Congress  was  also 
memorialized  for  the  removal  of  the  Wiimeba- 
goes  from  the  State. 

THE  NEW   KEGUrENTS, 

(the  6th,  7th,  8th,  0th,  and  lOtli)  which  had  been 
hurried  off  to  the  frontier,  half  organized,  were, 
by  this  time,  completely  organized  and  mustered 
in.    The  Colonels  were  appointed  as  follows 
Sixth,  Wm.  Crooks ;  Seventh,  Stephen  IMiller 
Eighth,  Minor  T.  Thomas ;  Ninth,  Alex.  Wilkin 
Tenth,  James  II.  Baker. 

BATTLE  OF  WOOD  LAKE. 

Col.  Sibley,  after  the  arrival  of  the  Third  Regi- 
ment and  the  supplies  and  ammunition  he  had 
needed,  broke  camp,  on  Sept.  18th,  and  started  in 
pursuit  of  the  Indians  at  or  near  Yellow  Medi- 
cine. On  the  morning  of  Sept.  23d,  while  en- 
camped near  AVood  Lake,  the  Indians  suddenly 
attacked  the  force.  The  Renville  Rangers  were 
thrown  out,  and  met  the  enemy  bravely.  Maj. 
Welch  soon  had  the  Third  Regiment  in  hue,  and 
they  poured  steady  volleys  into  the  advancing  line 
of  Indians,  as  did  also  the  Sixth  Regiment,  under 
Maj.  McLaren.  The  figlit  then  became  general. 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Marshall  charged  the  enemy 
with  three  companies  of  the  Seventh  and  A 
■jf  the  SLxth,  and  put  them  to  rout.  The  bat- 
tle had  lasted  an  hoiu-  and  a  half.  Our  loss  was 
four  killed  and  fifty  wounded;  among  the  latter, 


Maj.  Welch.  The  Indians  lost  quite  a  number — 
thirty,  it  is  said — fifteen  being  found  dead  on  the 
field.  After  burying  the  dead.  Col.  Sibley  marched 
toward  Lac  qui  Parle,  near  which  phice  Wabasha 
had  notified  him  he  would  meet  him  and  deliver 
up  the  prisoners. 

RELEASE  OF  THE  CAPTIVES. 

On  September  26th  the  column  arrived  at  the 
camp  where  the  friendly  Indians  had  the  prison- 
ers, and  made  their  own  near  by.  It  was  oppo- 
site the  mouth  of  the  Chippewa  River,  and  \\as 
named  by  our  men  "Camp  Release."  Col.  Sibley 
without  delay  visited  the  Indians  and  demanded 
the  captives.  They  were  at  once  produced, 
nearly  two  hundred  and  fifty  in  number.  Many 
wept  with  joy  at  their  release ;  others  had  grown 
almost  indifferent.  These  poor  people — mostly 
women  and  children — were  sent  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble to  their  friends,  if  the  latter  were  still  living. 

The  Indians  who  had  given  themselves  up  were 
at  once  placed  under  guard  nntil  they  could  be 
examined  as  to  their  guilt.  During  the  next  few 
days  a  number  came  in  and  gave  themselves  up, 
and  some  smaller  parties  were  captured  soon 
after  by  our  troops  under  Lt.  Col.  ^Marshall,  so 
that  soon  our  force  had  over  2,000  Indian  war- 
riors in  their  hands.  Col.  Sibley  at  once  organized 
a  military  commission,  composed  of  Col.  Crooks, 
Lt.  Col.  Marshall,  and  Capt.  Grant,  with  I.  V. 
D.  Heard  as  judge  advocate,  to  examine  all  evi- 
dence against  the  Indians,  and  indicate  the  guilty 
ones.  Another  commission  of  five  officers  was 
appointed  to  try  the  accused. 

These  commissions  ccmtinued  at  work  luitil 
November  5th,  by  which  time  they  had  found 
three  hundred  and  twenty-one  Indians  guilty  of 
murder,  ravishing,  and  other  crimes,  and  sen- 
tenced three  hundred  and  three  to  death.  These 
were  at  once  removed  to  South  Bend,  there  to 
await  the  orders  of  the  president.  The  other 
Indians  and  their  familis  were  taken  to  Fort 
Snelling  and  confined  all  winter  in  a  stockade. 

CLOSE  OF  THE   INDIAN   WAR. 

Meantime  Little  Crow  and  the  still  hostile  In- 
dians had  retreated  into  Dakota,  and  before  win- 
ter reached  Devil's  Lake,  where  they  remained 
until  the  next  season.  As  the  war  in  this  State 
was  now  practically  over,  most  of  the  settlers 
whose  homes  had  not  been  destroyed  returned  to 


152 


OVTLl^KS  OF  THE  IIIHTVHY  OF  MiySEHOTA. 


them.  The  Third  Minnesota  regiment,  and  the 
Twenty-Dfth  Wis.  and  Twenty-seventli  Iowa. 
were  sent  south  before  -winter,  but  the  Sixth, 
Seventh.  Eijililh.  Xintli.  and  Tenth  Minn.,  with 
the  Mounted  Kangcrs.  were  retained  for  home 
service,  and  were  stationed  in  detachments  in  a 
cordon  of  posts  reat-liing  from  the  south  line  of 
the  SRite  across  the  frontier  to  St.  Cloud.  The 
country  l)etween  the  garrisons  was  carefnll\ 
scout<>d  and  patrolled,  so  that  no  hostile  Indians 
could  pa.ss  the  line.  On  Xovember  2oth,  Gen. 
Pope  removed  liis  lieadqnarters  toMihvankee,  and 
I5rig.  tien.  Sibley  (lor  such  he  was  made  after 
the  battle  of  Wood  Lake)  remained  in  command 
at  St.  Paul.  The  winter  passed  without  any 
hostilities. 

Cl'K   REGIMENTS   IN   THE   SOUTH 

had  not  been  idle  meantime.  On  Sept.  tth  the 
Fifth  Regiment  was  in  the  battle  at  Corinth,  and 
under  lire  some  time.  One  account  says:  "  The 
ground  in  front  of  us  was  covered  with  killed  and 
wounded  rebels."  The  Fifth  suffered  a  loss  of 
six  kille<l,  eighteen  woinided  and  three  missing. 
The  Fourth  Regiment  was  also  in  the  same  light, 
and  lo.st,  during  two  days"  lighting,  three  killed 
and  nine  wounded.  The  Fourth  Regiment  was 
also  hotly  engaged  at  the  battle  of  luka,  on  Sept. 
lOth.  It  lost  three  killed,  four  wounded,  two 
missing. 

At  Corinth.  Oct.  3d  an<l  4th.  the  Foiuth  also 
J)ore  an  active  share,  losing  three  killed  an<l  five 
wounded.  "  The  regiment  bore  itself  most  gal- 
lantly," sjiys  an  ofTicial  rejjort.  In  the  same  cn- 
ra;.;ements  the  Fifth  ,\iinncM)ta  also  shared,  ex- 
pending about  fifty  rounds  of  ammunition,  with 
which  they  made  deadly  work  among  the  enemy, 
losing  six  killed,  sixteen  woiuided,  and  four  miss- 
ing.   Tlie  First  Battery  weie  also  in  tliis  en- 


gagement, and  did  good  work,  having  only  one 
man  wounded. 

THE  FIRST  REGI5IENT 

also  bore  its  share  during  this  period.  At  the 
Battle  of  Antietam,  on  Sept.  17th,  it  was  closely 
engaged,  and  left  ninety  men  dead  or  mor- 
tally wounded  on  the  field.  Their  bodies  now 
rest  in  the  national  cemetery  there. 

The  First  also  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Fredericksl)urg,on  December  11th,  12th,  null  and 
Ittli.  during  which  it  lost  nine  wounded  and  one 
missing. 

EXECUTION   OK  THE   INDIAN  MURDERERS. 

The  three  luuidred  and  three  Indian  murderers 
were  kept  at  South  Bend  a  short  time  and  then 
removed  to  Mankato.  where  they  were  confined 
in  a  stone  warehouse  strongly  guarded.  JMean- 
time,  some  (so  called)  "  philanthropists,"  iirinci- 
pally  (Quakers,  at  Philadeli>hia  and  other  eastern 
cities,  interfered  in  the  matter,  and  got  up  a 
strong  pressure  on  President  Lincoln  to  pardon 
the  guilty  wretches.  This  was  resisted  by  the 
prominent  men  and  ofiicials  of  Minnesota,  the 
people  of  the  State  almost  unanimously  demand- 
ing their  execution,  and  threatening,  if  it  were 
not  done,  to  apply  lyndi  law  to  them.  President 
Lincoln  selected  thirty -nine  of  the  murderers, 
and  (on  December  tuhi  orilered  (ieneral  Sibley  to 
execute  them.  This  was  carried  into  effect  on 
I)ecend)er  2i>th,  at  Mankato.  (one,  meantime, 
(lying  of  disease).  Thirty-eight  of  tlie  savages 
were  swung  off  of  one  scaffold,  in  the  presence  of 
a  large  concourse  of  people.  The  rest  of  the  mur- 
derers were  imprisoned  until  spring,  then  taken 
to  Davenport,  L)wa,  where  they  were  confined  a 
few  months,  after  which  they  were  reniovcil  to  a 
reservation  on  the  Missouri  river,  and  set  at 
liberty. 


CLOSE  OF  THE  INDIAN  WAR  AND  THE  WAR  OF  SECESSION. 


153 


CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

CLOSE  OF  THE  INDIAN  WAR  AND  THE  WAB  OF  SECESSION. 


Events  of  the  Year  1863.— Sratlcrin?  RaiJs  on  the  Frontier.— A  Scalp  Bounty 
Offered.— Removal  of  the  Sioux  and  Winnebafoes.— Gen.  Sibley's  Expedition 
of  IS63.— Brave  Conduct  of  the  Third,  Fourth  and  Fifth  Reeiments— The  First 
at  Gettysbure.— Death  of  Little  Crow.— Gen.  Sibley  s  Column  Attacked  by  the 
Sioux.— Remarkable  DrousHl  in  1  SC3-<H.— Thi  ee  More  Reeimenls  sent  South. 
—Return  of  the  First  Regiment.— Gen.  Sibley's  Expedition  in  1861.— Heavy 
Dralts  for  Men.— Inflation  and  High  Prices.- Battles  in  which  Minnesota 
Troops  Took  Fart.- Union  Victories.- Close  of  the  War.— Return  of  our 
Troops.— The  State's  Share  in  the  Conflict.— A  new  Era  of  Material  Prosperity 
Begun. 

Tlie  winter  of  1862-'63  was  spent  by  Gen.  Sib- 
ley in  making  preparations  for  an  expedition  to 
tlie  JSIissouri  Eiver,  to  pursue  and  punish  the 
hostile  Sioux.  A  third  battery  of  light  artillery 
was  recruited  for  this  purpose,  and  John  Jones, 
the  gallant  defender  of  Fort  Ridgely,  appointed 
captain.  At  the  session  of  the  legislature,  Gov. 
Ramsey  was  elected  U.  S.  Senator,  but  did  not 
vacate  the  gubernatorial  chair  until  June  30th. 

Early  in  tlie  spring,  small  parties  of  Sioux  be- 
gan to  make  predatory  incursions  into  the  state, 
and  these  raids  continued  all  summer.  Some 
twenty  persons  were  killed,  in  all,  and  a  num- 
ber of  horses  stolen.  The  Indians  were  pur- 
sued by  troops  in  every  case,  and  a  number  of 
them  killed.  A  reward  of  S2.5  was  offered  by 
the  Adjutant  General  for  Sioux  scalps,  and 
afterwards  raised  to  §200. 

In  May,  the  Sioux  were  removed  from  the 
state,  together  with  the  Winnt^liagoes,  and  sent 
to  a  new  reservation  on  the  Missouri  Eiver. 
Efforts  were  made  to  get  rid  of  the  Chippewas, 
but  were  not  successful. 

Gen.  Sibley  in  :May  concentrated  three  thous- 
and troops  at  Camp  Pope,  on  the  upper  Minnesota 
River,  for  his  expedition.  These  were:  the  Sixth, 
Seventh,  and  Tenth  Infantry,  Capt.  Jones'  Bat- 
tery, and  the  Mounted  Rangers.  On  June  17th, 
the  fc-pedition  started  on  its  march.  Gen.  Ste- 
phen Miller  was  meantime  in  command  of  the 
department  here.  Gen.  Alfred  Sully  was  at  the 
same  time  moving  up  the  Missouri  River  with 
another  expedition. 
On  June  22d,  the  War  Department  authorized 


the  formation  of  a  three  years  battalion  of  six 
companies  of  cavalry,  for  service  against  the  In- 
dians, to  be  commanded  by  Major  E.  A.  C.  Hatch. 
This  was  soon  recruited,  and  in  active  duty  at 
the  various  posts  in  this  department. 

OUE   REGIMENTS  IN   THE   SOUTH. 

The  summer  of  1863  was  one  of  hard  service 
and  brilliant  renown  to  our  regiments  in  the 
South.  On  May  3d,  the  Fourth  Regiment  was  in 
hot  action  in  the  battle  at  the  crossing  of  Big 
Black  river,  with  a  loss  of  three  killed.  One  of 
its  officers  planted  the  Union  flag  on  the  Capitol 
at  Jackson.  At  Champion  Hills  (May  16th)  it 
lost  one  killed.  On  May  22d,  at  Vicksburg,  it 
again  suffered  severely,  losing  twelve  killed  and 
forty-two  wounded.  The  Third  Regiment  was 
also  m  the  same  campaign.  On  May  19th,  the 
Fifth  Regiment  near  Vicksburg,  lost  one  killed 
and  five  wounded. 

The  severest  loss  of  any  of  our  regiments  in 
the  war,  however,  was  that  suffered  by  the  First 
Regiment  at  Gettysburg,  on  July  3d.  It  took 
part  in  the  hottest  of  that  memorable  action,  and 
made  a  movement  in  the  face  of  an  awful  fire 
from  the  rebels.  In  a  few  minutes  it  lost  sixty- 
eight  killed,  149  wounded,  90  missing,  and  when 
it  emerged  from  the  baptism  of  fire,  had  only  87 
men  in  its  ranks.  The  news  of  this  terrible  car- 
nage wiis  received  with  profound  sympathy  by 
the  people  of  the  State,  mingled  with  thankful- 
ness, however,  for  the  great  victory  won  there, 
and  at  Vicksburg,  on  the  same  day. 

DEATH   OF   LITTLE   CROW. 

During  June,  a  band  of  seventeen  Indians 
gieatjy  annoyed  the  settlers  in  Meeker  and  Kandi- 
yohi counties,  killing  several.  On  July  3d,  a  man 
named  Kathan  Lampson,  and  his  son  Chauncy, 
were  hunting  near  Hutcliinson,  when  they  espied 
two  Sioux.  A  fight  ensued,  in  which  Mr.  Lamp- 
sou  was  badly  wounded,  when  his  son,  by  a  fortu- 


154 


OlTLlNEti  OF  THE  HlSTOliY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


)iate  shot .  killeil  one  <if  the  Imliaiis.  The  dead  body 
of  the  hitter  was  taken  to  Iliilehmsou.  From  its 
appearance,  and  certain  marks,  it  was  supposed 
to  be  Little  Crow.  It  was  scalped,  and  the  re- 
mains buried,  -Not  l^nR  after,  an  Indian  was 
captured  in  Dakota,  which  proved  to  be  Wo-n-i- 
na-2)C.  Little  Crow's  son.  He  confessed  that  the 
Indian  killed  b\-  Lampson  was  his  father,  and 
that  he  was  w  ilh  liini  at  the  time.  The  remains 
of  the  celebrated  chioftain.  whose  name  for 
months  was  a  terror  to  our  ]ieoi)le.  were  then 
e.xhumed.aiid  tlie  skeleton  jneserved.  The  scalp 
and  ami  bones  are  in  the  museum  of  the  Histori- 
cal Society,  at  St.  Paul. 

Gen.  Sibley's  expedition  reached  tlie  Coteau  of 
the  Missouri  on  July  :24,  and  on  that  day,  at  a 
place  called  "  liig  Mound.  "  was  attacked  by 
about  one  thous;ind  Indians.  A  sharp  engage- 
ment ensued,  in  which  twenty-one  Indians  were 
killed,  and  only  two  of  our  troops.  On  July  26, 
at  ••  Deail  IJulTalo  Lake,"  the  Siou.x  again  attacked 
his  column,  but  were  repulsed,  with  a  loss  on  our 
side  of  one  man.  On  July  28,  at  "  Stony  Lake." 
about  two  thousand  Indians  again  gave  battle, 
but  were  routed,  Avitli  considerable  loss.  The 
expedition  piirsued  the  s-avages  to  the  Missouri 
river,  across  which  they  escaped.  It  returned  to 
the  state  about  Se]it,  1st.  Gen,  Sully's  column 
had  several  engagements  with  the  Indians,  chas- 
tising them  severely. 

The  summer  of  1S63  was  memorable  for  an  in- 
tense drouth,  which  continued  until  the  close  of 
1K64.  During  these  two  seasons  almost  no  rain 
fell,  yet  the  harvests  were  good.  The  woret  re- 
sult was  on  the  river,  which  was  unjirecedenlly 
low,  and  business  was  badly  interfered  with,  and 
the  lumbering  interest  was,  for  the  same  rea.son, 
greatly  deiiresse<l. 

OnSe;)t.  in  and  2o,  at  (liickaniauga,  theSecoud 
Regiment  was  holly  engagiil.  and  snUVreil  a  loss 
of  thirty-live  killed  and  <ine  hundred  and  thirteen 
wounded. 

Karly  in  October,  the  Seventh,  Ninth,  and 
Tenth  Hegimenls  were  relieved  from  dnty  here 
and  sent  to  St.  Louis,  from  whence  they  went  to 
the  front. 

On  Oct.  1211),  the  Wai'  I )eiiartni(nt.  having 
called  for  two  hundred  thousand  mine  trooi)s, 
authorized  the  Second  IJegiment  of  cavaliy  to 


take  the  place  of  the  Mounted  Rangers,  whose 
term  of  service  had  expired. 

On  Oct.  14  the  First  Regiment  was  engaged  at 
Bristow's  Statitm,  and  lost  one  killed  and  nine- 
teen wounded,  capturing  two  hundred  prisonei-s 
and  several  guns. 

At  the  state  election  this  fall,  Gen,  Stephen 
Miller  was  elected  governor,  by  a  vote  of  lit,628 
over  Henry  T,  "Wells,  who  had  12.739, 

On  >i'ov.  23,  the  Second  Regiment  was  in  the 
action  at  Missi(m  Ridge,  and  suffered  a  lo.ss  of 
five  killed  and  thirty-four  wounded. 

The  provost  marehals  of  the  state  made  an  en- 
rollment of  all  the  male  citizens  this  fall,  pre- 
I)aratory  to  the  draft.  Resistance  was  made  in 
some  cases,  but  no  serious  disturbances  took 
place,  as  in  other  states. 

EARLY  IX  1864, 

the  regiments  which  enlisted  in  1861,  and  had  re- 
enlisted  as  •■  veterans."  were  allowed  to  return  to 
the  State  on  furlough.  They  were  received 
in  the  varit)us  towns  oi  the  State  with  the 
most  lively  demonstrations  of  pride  and  grati- 
tude, and  bancpieted  and  petted  as  the  brave 
heroes  deserved. 

On  April  2Sth  the  First  regiment,  whose  term 
of  service  had  expired,  was  mustered  out  at  Fort 
Snelling.  Rarely  one  hundred  of  the  1080  men 
who  had  stood  on  the  same  parade  ground  three 
years  before,  were  in  the  ranks.  Out  of  some  re- 
enlisted  men  and  recrnits  a  battalion  was  formed, 
called  the  -'First  Rattalion,"  which  did  good  ser- 
vice during  the  next  year. 

On  March  3()th  the  Third  regiment  had  a  clo.se 
action  at  a  jilaco  called  Filzhugb's  Woods,  near 
Augusta,  Ark.  Seven  were  killed  and  sixteen 
wounded,  (ien.  Andrews,  commanding,  had  his 
horse  shot  under  him. 

OnJnue  6th  an  ••xpedilion  left  Fort  Ridgely 
in  pursuit  of  the  hostile  Sioux  on  the  ^lissouri 
River,  under  command  of  (Jen  Sully.  It  con- 
sisted of  the  Eighlh  Minn,  (mounted),  six  compa- 
nies of  the  Second  Cavalry,  three  sections  of 
Jones'  Raltery,  and  liracketl's  Rattalion  of  cav- 
alry, which  had  re-enlisted  and  was  now  organ- 
ized as  a  .separate  connnand. 

On  June  14,  the  Sixth  Hegiment  left  Fort  Snel- 
ling for  the  sonlh.  and  was  soiin  :itli'i'  lilac-cd  in 
the  Sixtccnlh  -Viinv  ('dips,  in  which  was  also  the 


CLOSE  OF  THE  INDIAN  WAB  AND  THE  WAB  OF  SECESSION. 


loo 


Fifth,  Seventh,  Ninth  and  Tenth  Minnesota  reg- 
iments. The  Fiftli  had,  not  long  previously, 
taken  a  part  in  tlie  disastrous  Red  Kiver  cam- 
paign, and  tlie  Ninth  had  borne  a  share  in  the 

mifortunate  Gimtown  expedition  (June  10),  where  | 

I 
it  suffered  a  loss  of  seven  liilled,  thirty-three 

wounded,  and  two  hundred  and  forty-six  taken  j 

prisoners. 

On  Feb.  1  the  War  Department  had  made  a 
call  for  two  hundred  thousand  men,  and  on 
March  14  another  call  for  the  same  nimiber,  fol- 
lowed by  one  in  April  for  eighty-Tive  thousand. 
The  quota  of  our  state  under  these  heavy  calls 
was  about  five  thousand  men,  and  on  Jilay  26 
drafting  commenced  to  fill  the  quotas  of  some 
districts  which  were  delinquent.  The  desire  of 
some  towns  and  districts  to  escape  a  draft  led  to 
the  issuing  of  bonds,  with  the  proceeds  of  which 
they  paid  high  bounties  and  procured  recnuts. 
Subscriptions  were  raised  in  some  districts  for 
the  same  purpose.  A  class  of  middle  men,  called 
recruit,  or  bounty,  agents,  sprang  up,  who,  in 
bidding  for  recruits,  sometimes  gave  as  high  as 
S700  or  §800  for  men  to  fill  quotas.  Under  this 
stimulus  recniitmg  went  on  pretty  lively,  while  a 
considerable  number  of  men  were  drafted  and 
sent  to  fill  old  regiments.  On  July  18th  came  an- 
other call  for  five  hundred  thousand,  and  this 
again  produced  a  new  struggle  to  fill  quotas. 
The  entire  number  of  men  apportioned  to  our 
state  up  to  this  time  was  21,442. 

That  these  frequent  and  liea\'y  drafts  for  men 
produced  a  f  eeUng  of  doubt  and  despondency  can 
not  be  denied.  It  was  now  the  fourth  year  of  the 
•war,  and  its  end  still  seemed  far  off,  while  its  rapa- 
cious maw  appeared  to  literally  swallow  up  the 
enormous  levies  which  the  people  in  their  pride 
and  patriotism  promptly  furnished  at  each  call. 
There  was  mourning  in  nearly  every  household 
for  some  "  unretuniing  brave,"  and  suffering  m 
the  families  of  enlisted  men. 

The  inflation  of  the  currency  also  produced 
an  indieard-of  rise  in  the  price  of  living.  On 
June  1  gold  was  loO.  On  July  lith  it  had  reached 
285 — the  highest  point  during  the  war.  All  other 
values  advanced  accordingly.  There  was  some 
silver  lining  to  the  dark  cloud,  though.  The 
great  advance  in  goods  literally  made  the  for- 
tunes of  many  dealers.  Even  real  estate  began 
to  show  life,  while  there  was  an  ease  in  the  money 


market  which  reminded  one  of  1857.  Several  of 
our  railroads  were  now  in  active  progress,  and 
labor  was  in  great  demand.  The  continued 
drouth  and  low  water  was  a  serious  drawback, 
however.  Prayers  were  put  up  in  most  of  the 
churches  for  rain. 

Small  raids  were  made  by  the  Sioux  several 
times  during  the  summer,  iiud  several  persons 
killed,  but  these  attacks  occasioned  but  Uttle 
alarm. 

On  July  13th,  our  Fifth,  Seventh,  Ninth  and 
Tenth  Regiments  were  in  the  Battle  of  Tupelo, 
and  all  suffered  some  loss.  The  Seventh  had 
nine  killed  and  fifty-two  wounded.  Col.  Wilkin, 
of  the  Ninth,  was  killed — one  of  the  bravest  and 
finest  officers  who  left  our  state. 

Under  the  call  of  July  23d,  an  eleventh  regi- 
ment of  infantry  was  authorized,  and  filled  very 
quickly.  James  GilfiUan,  formerly  of  the  Sev- 
enth, was  appointed  colonel.  The  Eleventh  left 
the  state  on  Sept.  22d,  for  Tennessee,  where  it 
performed  guard  duty  for  several  months. 

A  battalion  of  heavy  infantry  was  also  re- 
cnuted,  which  was  soon  increased  to  a  full  regi- 
iment.  Wm.  Colville,  late  of  the  First  Regiment, 
was  placed  in  command.  The  regiment  served 
for  several  months  at  Chattanooga,  Temi. 

The  bullets  of  the  enemy  were  not  so  disas- 
trous to  some  of  our  regiments,  as  the  malaria 
of  southern  swamps.  Our  Sixth  Regiment  at 
Helena,  and  the  Third  at  Pine  Bluff,  Ark.,  were 
both  decimated  by  disease.  Sometimes  only  a 
handful  of  men  were  found  well  enough  for  duty. 

On  October  5th,  the  Fourth  Regiment  was  in  a 
heavy  action  at  Altoona,  and  caijtured  two  flags. 
Their  loss  was  killed,  13;  wounded,  31. 

On  December  7th,  the  Eighth  Regiment  took 
part  in  an  engagement  near  !Murfreesboro,  Tenn- 
essee, in  wliich  it  lost  14  killed  and  76  woimded, 
in  a  charge  on  the  enemy's  batteries. 

On  December  16th,  the  Fifth,  Seventh.  Ninth 
and  Tenth  Regiments  took  part  in  the  great  bat- 
tle of  Nashville,  between  Thomas's  and  Hood's 
armies.  All  sufiiered  loss,  though  fortunately 
not  severe. 

On  December  19th,  another  call  was  made,  for 
300,000  troops,  and  the  recruiting  and  bounty 
business  grew  more  intense  than  ever,  and  con- 
tinued all  winter. 

During  this  time,  the  patriotic  people  of  our 


156 


OUTLINES  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


State  were  contributing  with  generous  liberality 
to  the  Sanitary  and  ("liristian  Commissions,  to 
various  relief  movements,  to  si)efial  hospital 
funds  of  our  various  regiments,  for  tlie  support 
of  destitute  soldiers"  families,  and  individual  cases 
of  distress  without  number.  No  State  in  the 
Tnion  did  more,  proportioned  to  their  means,  in 
these  works,  than  the  iieople  of  Miimesota. 

THK  YEAK  1865 

opened  with  more  encouraging  prospects.  The 
large  forces  of  the  I'nion  army  were  gaining  sub- 
stantial victories.  The  successes  of  Slieridan  in  tlic 
Shenandoah  A'alley.  Sherman  in  his  historic 
march  to  the  sea.  "  crushing  the  confederacy  like 
an  eggshell,"'  and  Grant,  doggedly  consuming 
the  enemy  at  Petersburg,  were  fast  shattering 
the  rebellion.  In  the  siege  of  Spanish  Fort,  at 
Jlobih-.  in  Ayiril,  llii;  Fifth.  Sixth,  Seventh. 
Xinlh.  and  Tentli  Mimiesota  A'olunteers  bore  an 
active  and  honorable  part. 

Not  \nimingled  with  tears  were  the  rejoicings 
over  these  victories.  Every  battle  bidlelin  brought 
sorrow  and  mourning  to  many  homes  in  our  state 
On  April  ;^d  came  the  great  news  of  the  fall  of 
Riclimond.  and  on  April  8th,  while  the  people 
celebrating  this  event,  the  dispatch  of  (Jeneral 
(irant  announcing  the  unconditional  surrender  of 
Lee  and  his  army  was  received,  setting  nearly 
everjbody  crazy  with  joy.  On  April  l.ilh  the 
provost  marshals  received  an  order  to  cease  draft- 
ing and  recruiting,  and  the  war  was  i)racli(ally 
over.  One  of  its  saddest  results  was  yet  to  come 
— the  death  of  President  Lincoln,  on  .\pril  loth. 
This  calamity  was  duly  observed  in  all  tlic  towns 
of  the  State,  on  Ajiril  liith.  by  susjiensidn  of 
business,  and  religious  services.  Th<-se  gloomy 
feelings  were  soon  dispelled,  lidwcver.  l)y  the 

KETURN  OF  OUU  KEOIMKNTS, 

early  in  tlie  summer,  and  tlieir  muster  out  at  Fori 
Snelling.  .\s  eacli  of  these  l>odies  of  brave  men 
returneil,  they  were  received  with  such  ovations 
and  demonstrations  of  joy  as  a  gratefid  i)eople 
could  devise,  (juielly  our  soldiers  "hung  up 
their  bruised  arms."  anil  were  soon  again  ab- 
8orb((l  into  the  body  of  the  jieople.  In  all,  .Min- 
nesota Lad  f  uruislied  to  the  armies  of  the  repub- 


lic 2.5.052  men,  or  idjout  one-seventh  of  its  entire 
population  at  the  beginning  of  the  war.  Of 
these,  it  is  estimated  from  the  best  data  obtaina- 
ble, that  2o(H)  were  killed  in  battle  and  died  of 
disease  during  the  war,  while  pnOiably  twice  as 
many  more  received  woun<ls  from  which  they 
will  suffer  through  life.  Many  died  shortly  after 
the  war,  from  tlie  elTccts  of  disease  or  imjnison- 
ment  incurred  in  service.  In  her  devotion  to  the 
cause  of  the  Union,  oiu-  State  has  a  bright  record. 

The  state  Ayis  almost  free  from  Tinlian  raids 
duiing  all  this  year.  Only  one  of  any  moment 
o(  (lured.  On  May  2d  a  family  of  live  persons 
nanic(l  .lewett,  were  murdered  near  (jarden 
City.  A  halt  breed  named  Campbell,  who  aided 
in  the  raid,  was  arrested  at  Mankato  several  days 
afterward,  and  hung  by  a  mob. 

The  census  of  1865,  showed  a  population  of 
2o0,()9» — a  gratifying  increase,  considering  the 
war  of  secession  and  the  Indian  war  as  draw- 
backs. 

With  the  close  of  the  war  a  new  era  of  pros- 
perity seemed  to  have  Itegiin  in  the  state.  Money 
was  abundant,  immigration  brisk,  labor  in  de- 
mand, and  real  estate  advancing.  Our  railroads 
were  in  rapid  progress  in  all  directions,  and  vil- 
lages and  towns  springing  up  everywhere. 

On  Nov.  lltli.  at  Fort  Snelling.  Sliakopec  and 
Medicine  I'.otlle.  two  Sioux  convicted  of  taking 
part  in  the  massacre  of  1802.  were  hung.  They 
had  lied  to  ^Manitoba,  and  were  not  caught  until 
lS(i4. 

This  fall  much  excitement  was  occasioned  by 
the  reported  discovery  of  gold  (piart/  at  Lake 
\''ermillion.  Several  mining  companies  were 
formed,  and  veins  opened  and  worked,  but  the 
yield  did  not  pay,  and  the  mines  were  soon  aban- 
doned. 

The  state  election  this  year  was  \'ery  feebly 
contested.  Two  well-known  old  settlers  were 
nominated  for  governor,  but  the  vote  was  light. 
M'm.  U.  JIarshall  received  17.318  and  Henry 
.M.ltice  13.842.  .\t  the  same  election  an  anieud- 
nient  to  tlii'  constitution  was  voted  oiKjiroposing 
to  conf<'r  the  elective  franchise  on  negroes,  but 
was  defeated. 


PBINCIPAL  EVENTS  FB03I  1866  TO  ISSl. 


157 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 


PRINCIPAL  EVBHSTTS  FROM  1866  TO  1881. 


i  Penod  of  Inflation.— Rapid  Railroad  Construction.— Proposed  Removal  of  ttie 
Capltal.—Atlempted  Adjustment  of  the  Railroad  Bonds.— Legislative  Control 
of  Frtit'ht  Tariffs.— Prairie  Fires  in  1871.— An  Arctic  Cyclone—- Impeachment 
of  State  Treasurer.— The  Jay  Cooke  Panic.— Regulating  Railroad  Tariffs.— 
Grasshopper  Ravages.— Suffering  on  the  Frontier.— Relief  Measures  Adopted 
by  the  Legislature.-.Murderous  Raid  by  Missouri  Outlaws.— Further  Attempts 
to  Adjust  the  Railroad  Loan  Debt.— End  of  the  Grasshopper  Scourge.— Return 
of  "  Good  Times,"  and  Rapid  Growth  in  Prosperity. 


The  year  1866  was  one  of  great  financial  ease. 
The  large  expenditure  of  money  by  tlie  govern- 
ment, in  the  pay  of  discharged  ti'oops,  bounties, 
and  various  vi'ar  claims,  made  money  unusually 
plenty. 

The  raihoads  of  the  State  were  pushed  this 
year  with  great  vigor.  By  winter,  315  miles  were 
in  operation.  Tliere  was  a  eontumous  line  frtim 
St.  Cloud,  via  Owatonna,  to  AVinona,  a  distance 
of  245  miles.  These  roads  were  an  important 
element  in  aiding  the  settlement  and  business 
of  tlie  State.  Formerly  the  sole  dependence  for 
travel  and  freiglit  had  been  on  the  river,  and  the 
winter  Avas  a  season  of  dullness  and  depression. 
This  was  now  largely  changed. 

At  the  State  election  in  tlie  fall  of  18G7,  Wm. 
E.  ilarshall  had  34,874  votes,  and  Charles  E. 
Flandrau  29,502.  This  would  uidicate  a  popula- 
tion of  about  820.000,  showing  a  lieavy  immigra- 
tion during  tlie  years  1866  and  1867.  At  this 
election,  a  negro  suffrage  amendment  was  agam 
voted  on  and  defeated.  The  follo%\ing  year  [1868] 
the  amendment  was  a  third  time  voted  on,  and 
adopted;  ayes,  39,493;  noes,  30,121. 

PROPOSED  REMOVAL  OF  THE  CAPITAL. 

At  the  session  of  the  legislature  in  1869,  a  biU 
was  uiti-oduced  to  remove  the  seat  of  government 
to  a  spot  near  Big  Kandiyohi  Lalie.  The  bill  was 
at  first  regarded  as  a  joke,  and  it  met  with  small 
opposition,  passing  both  houses  with  little  delay. 
Gov.  Marshall  vetoed  the  measure,  and  an  at- 
tempt to  pass  the  act  over  his  veto,  failed. 

At  this  session,  the  legislature  celebrated  the 
completion  of  an  all-rail  route  to  the  east  by  a 


visit  to  Milwaukee,  and  to  the  AViscousui  legisla- 
ture at  Madison. 

At  the  state  election  in  the  fall  of  1869,  Horace 
Austin  (rep.)  was  elected  governor,  by  a  vote  of 
27,348,  over  George  L.  Otis  (dem.),  who  had 
25,401. 

By  the  census  of  1870,  Minnesota  was  found  to 
have  439.706  population. 

PROPOSED  ADJUSTMENT  OF  THE  RAILROAD 
BOXDS. 

At  the  session  of  the  Legislatiu-e  ui  1870,  an 
act  was  passed  submitting  to  the  people  an 
amendment  to  the  constitution,  providing  for  the 
sale  of  the  five  hundred  thousand  acres  of  what 
was  known  as  the  "Internal  Improvement 
Lands,"  and  the  use  of  tlie  proceeds  in  extin- 
guishing the  state  raihoad  loan  bonds,  in  the  fol- 
lowhig  manner:  Two  thousand  of  the  lionds 
were  to  be  deposited  with  the  State  Land  Commis- 
sioner on  or  before  the  day  of  sale,  by  the  hold- 
ers, they  agreeing  to  purchase  with  them  the 
lands  at  §8.70  per  acre,  etc.  The  amendment 
was  adopted  by  a  popular  vote,  but  as  only  1 ,033 
bonds  were  deposited  by  the  owners,  the  measure 
failed. 

The  unusual  low  water  of  1863,  '64  and  "65  had 
now  given  way  to  a  series  of  years  of  the  oppo- 
site extreme.  In  187^  occurred  great  freshets, 
doing  much  damage,  and  the  water  was  reported 
"  higlier  than  for  twenty  years." 

Railroad  construction  had  been  pushed  with 
great  vigor  for  the  last  year  or  two.  At  the  close 
of  1870,  there  were  1,096  miles  in  operation,  329 
of  v.iiich  were  built  that  year.  A  road  had  been 
completed  to  Lake  Superior  during  the  season, 
thus  connecting  the  river  and  lake  systems,  while 
tlie  Xorthern  Pacific  EaUroad  was  imder  full 
hi'adway. 

During  1869  and  '70,  much  complaint  was  made 
by  shippers,  of  imjust  charges  by  the  railroads  of 


158 


OUTLIXES  OF  THE  HISTOBY  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


tlie  Slate.  Governor  Austin,  iii  his  message, 
January,  1871,  called  attention  to  tlie  subject 
ver)-  pointedly.  An  investigation  was  made  by  a 
legislative  committee,  which  residted  in  the  en- 
actment of  a  freight  and  passenger  tariff,  and  the 
creation  of  the  oliice  of  Railroad  Conniiissioncr. 
The  tariff  .so  tixed  ■\\as  disregarded  by  the  rail- 
roads, and  ill  1871,  an  action,  as  a  sort  of  test 
case  under  that  statute,  was  commenced  V)y  John 
D.  Blake,  of  Rochester,  against  the  "Winona  & 
St.  Peter  Railroad,  for  unjnst  freight  charges. 
The  presiding  judge  decided  the  act  unconstitu- 
tional, but  tlie  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  re- 
versed tills  decision,  when  the  railroad  company 
appealed  the  case  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States.  It  was  not  until  1876  that  a  de- 
cision was  rendered,  sustaining  the  right  of  legis- 
lative control  over  railroad  t^irill's. 

An  act  was  passed  by  the  legislature  of  1S71  to 
"Tesi  the  validity  and  pro\ide  for  the  ecjuitable 
adjastmc:if"  of  the  Slate  railroad  bonds,  l)y  the 
cre-tion  of  a  commission,  to  ascertain  and  award 
the  amount  due  on  each.  The  act  was  voted  on 
in  Hay  following,  and  rejected  by  the  people. 
Anoiher  important  measure  passed  at  the  same 
SGSsion,  was  an  act  dividing  up  the  500.000  acres 
of  Internal  Improvement  Land,  among  various 
railroad  comjiauies.  This  was  vetoed  by  Gov. 
Austin.  Two  years  later  the  constitution  was 
amended  so  that  no  act  disposing  of  these  lands, 
sliould  be  valiii.  luiless  approved  by  a  vote  of  the 
people. 

In  the  fall  of  1871.  destructive  fires,  driven  by 
liigh  winds,  swept  over  a  number  of  frontier  coun- 
ties, la.stiiig  several  days,  and  inllicting  great 
damage  on  the  settlers.  Hundreds  lost  their 
liouses,  cr<>i)s,  hay.  fences,  etc.  and  several  per- 
son;', were  liurned  to  death.  During  the  summer, 
many  liad  also  lost  their  crops  by  destructive  hail 
storms.  (Jov.  Austin  ajipealed  to  the  i)eople  of 
tlie  Stale.  ))y  proclamation,  for  ai<l  forthe  sufTer- 
erfl.  llr;  received  in  response,  $14,000  in  money, 
and  clothing,  i>rovlslons,  etc.,  worth  SI  1 ,000  more, 
while  the  next  legislature  appropriated  §20.000 
fur  the  iiuriHise  of  i)nnliasing  seed  wheat  for 
those  who  iiad  lost  their  cr<)i)H. 

In  Noveral)er,  1H71,  Horace  Au.stin  was  re- 
clecteil  fJoveniiir.  by  a  vole  of  4o,83.S;  over  AV. 
Young,  who  had  ao,oy2. 


From  lh70  to  1S73,  was  a  period  of  great  infla- 
tion and  speculation.  The  money  market  was 
uninecedeuledly  easy,  and  real  estate  partook  of 
the  same  excitement  as  characterized  the  flush 
times  of  1S56  and  1857.  Railroad  building  was 
carried  on  to  a  remarkable  extent,  and  the  entire 
State  was  enjoying  an  unusual  period  of  material 
progress  and  development. 

The  winter  of  1872-3  was  an  unusually  early 
and  severe  one.  On  January  7th,  8th  and  S)th, 
1873.  occurred  an  ■•  Arctic  Cyclone",  or  "  Polar 
AVave  ",  of  a  violence  and  intensity  never  before 
experienced  in  this  State.  The  worst  effects  were 
felt  in  the  prairie  region.  Gov.  Austin,  in  a  spe- 
cial message  to  the  legislature,  reported  that  sev- 
enty lives  were  lost,  thirty-one  persons  suffered 
loss  of  limbs,  and  about  three  hundred  cattle  and 
horses  perished.  The  legislature  voted  f  5.000  as 
a  reUef  fund  to  aid  sufferers. 

During  the  session  of  1873,  charges  of  corrupt 
conduct  and  misdemeanors  in  oflice,  w-ere  made 
against  Wm.  Seeger,  Stale  Treasurer.  On  Jlarch 
•")th,  the  House  of  Representatives  impeached  him. 
and  the  Senate,  on  being  presented  with  the  arti- 
cles, appointed  May  20th  as  the  date  to  sit  as  a 
Court  of  Impeachment.  Prior  to  tliat  date.  .Mr. 
Seeger  resigned  his  oliice.  and  t;ov.  Austin  ac- 
cepted the  resignation.  "When  the  Senate  met 
on  May  20th,  this  fact  left  that  body  uncertain 
whether  to  proceed  with  the  trial  or  not.  On 
,May  22d,  Mr.  Seeger  sent  in  a  written  plea  of 
"  guilty"  to  all  the  charges.  A  resolution  was 
then  adopted  by  the  Senate,  declaring  that  the 
judgment  of  the  court  was,  that  he  be  removed 
from  oflice.  aiul  dis(piali(ied  to  hold  and  enjoy  any 
oflice  of  honor,  trust  or  prolit  in  this  State. 

On  September  lOth,  187.!,  tlie  news  was  circu- 
lated in  this  State,  of  the  failure  of  Jay  Cooke's 
banking  house  in  Philadelphia,  occ^isioning  a 
linancial  panic.  Its  {'fleets  here  were  far  dif- 
ferent from  those  of  the  panic  of  1857.  There 
was  some  stringency  in  the  money  market,  rail- 
road building  ceased,  and  real  estate  was  very 
iluU  for  several  years,  but  not  a  bank  in  the  Slate 
clo.sud  its  doors,  and  but  few  mercantile  houses 
failed,  Iminigralioii  was  large,  good  harvests 
added  annually  to  the  wealth  of  the  State,  aud 
it  advanced  steadily  in  pro.spurity. 


PRINCIPAL  EVENTS  FROM  1866  TO  1881. 


159 


THE  GRASSHOPPER  SCOURGE. 

During  the  summer  of  1873,  a  species  of  grass- 
liopper,  called  tlie  "Eocliy  Mouutain  Locust," 
made  its  appearance  in  myriads,  in  some  of  tlie 
south-western  counties,  almost  totally  destroying 
tlie  crops.  Hundreds  of  families  were  teft  in 
great  destitution.  These  facts  being  reported  by 
the  press,  an  energetic  movement  was  made  in 
the  towns  and  cities  in  the  eastern  portion  of  the 
state,  to  send  reUef  to  the  sufferers,  and  large 
quantities  of  clothing,  provisions,  medical  sup- 
plies, etc.,  were  collected  and  distributed  to  them, 
beside  quite  an  amount  of  money. 

At  the  state  election  this  year,  Cushman  K. 
Davis  was  elected  governor,  by  a  vote  of  40,741, 
over  Ara  Barton,  who  had  3o,245. 

■\^^len  the  Legislature  of  1874  assembled,  it 
promptly  voted  $5,000  for  the  temporary  relief  of 
the  frontier  settlers,  and  on  ISlarch  2nd,  a  further 
sum  of  §25,000  for  the  purchase  of  seed  grain. 
With  the  aid  thus  furnished,  the  settlers  planted 
their  crops  again,  but  soon  the  ground  was  fairly 
alive  with  young  grasshoppers,  hatched  from  eggs 
deposited  the  year  previous.  As  soon  as  these 
were  large  enough,  they  laid  bare  the  region 
about  them,  then  fell  on  other  localities  near  by, 
and  thus  destroyed  the  crops  in  a  number  of  coun- 
ties again.  Tlie  people  were  once  more  in  a 
state  of  great  destitution. 

Gov.  Davis  addressed  a  circular  to  the  com- 
missioners of  the  counties  not  ravaged  by  the  lo- 
custs, asking  them  to  advance  money  propor- 
tioned to  their  property,  for  a  relief  fund.  Con- 
tributions were  also  solicited  from  the  people  of 
the  state.  By  the  latter,  $18,959  was  raised,  to- 
gether with  very  large  quantities  of  clothing  and 
provisions,  and  forwarded  to  the  sufferers.  Even 
with  this  aid,  there  was  much  suffering  the  next 
winter. 

The  Legislature  of  1875,  immediately  on  as- 
sembling, appropriated  ?20,000  for  immediate 
relief,  and  later  in  the  session,  $75,000  for  the 
purchase  of  seed  grain.  Only  §49,000  of  this  was 
used.  The  farmers  again  planted  their  crops,  in 
hope,  but  early  in  the  summer  they  were,  for  a 
third  time,  destroyed.  The  situation  now  became 
serious.  All  the  state  was  beginning  to  foel  the 
effects  of  this  calamity,  though  the  portions  yet 
imliarmed  kept  up  an  active  collection  and  for- 


warding of  suppUes  for  the  destitute.  AVithoiit 
this  benevolent  work,  the  suffering  would  have 
been  severe. 

By  the  state  census  this  year,  the  population 
of  ilinuesota  was  fomid  to  be  597,407.  At  the 
state  election,  JohnS.  PUlsbury  was  elected  Gov- 
ernor, by  a  vote  of  47,073,  over  D.  L.  Buell,  who 
had  35,275. 

The  season  of  1876  saw  the  grasshopper  devas- 
tations repeated,  and  over  a  larger  area  than  be- 
fore. The  crops  were  more  or  less  a  failure, 
and  again  an  appeal  was  made  to  the  benevolent 
people  of  the  rest  of  the  State  for  aid,  which  was 
liberally  and  cheerfully  responded  to. 

On  September  Otli,  a  daring  crime  was  pei-pe- 
trated  at  Xorthfield.  A  band  of  eight  outlaws 
from  Missouri,  attacked  the  National  bank  in 
that  to\TO,  with  tlie  intention  of  robbing  it.  The 
cashier  and  another  citizen  weio  shot  dead,  and 
two  of  the  robbers  killed  \rj  persons  who  hastily 
armed  themselves.  The  rcsi  of  the  desperadoes 
fled,  and,  after  a  chase  of  several  days,  four  of 
them  were  surrounded  in  a  thicket  in  Watonwan 
county,  where  one  was  killed,  and  thr:o  taken 
prisoners.  The  latter,  who  were  brother:;  named 
Younger,  plead  guilty  of  murder,  and  were  sent 
to  the  State's  Prison  for  life. 

The  legislature  of  1877  prepared  an  amend- 
ment to  the  constitution,  providing  for  biennial 
sessions  of  that  body,  and  the  amendment  was 
adopted  by  the  people  at  the  fall  election. 

Five  acts  were  passed  at  the  same  session,  re- 
lating to  the  grasshopper  scourge.  One  of  these 
appropi-iated  $100,000  for  bounties  to  pay  for  the 
destruction  of  grasshoppers  and  their  eggs.  [Tliis 
was  never  put  into  effect.]  A  State  loan,  to  raise 
the  money  therefor,  was  also  authorized.  In  ad- 
dition, townships  or  villages  were  authorized  to 
levy  a  tax  to  pay  similar  boimties.  The  sum  of 
$75,000  was  also  appropriated  to  purchase  seed 
grain  for  those  who  liad  lost  tlunr  crops,  anl 
$5,000  was  voted  for  a  special  relief  fund. 

At  the  same  session  was  passed  an  act  pro^id- 
uig  for  the  redemption  of  the  State  railroad 
bonds,  by  giving  for  each  outstanding  bond  sur- 
rendered, a  new  bond  for  $1,750,  at  6  per  cent, 
interest.  The  amendment  was  defeated  at  an 
election  held  on  Jime  12th. 

Early  ui  the  summer  [1877]  the  grasshoppers 
appeared  in  myriads  again,  and  began  devouring 


160 


OriLIXES  OF  THE  HISIOBY  OF  MIXXESOTA. 


the  crops.  Tlie  farmers  endeavored  to  destroy 
them  by  fires,  ditchuig,  and  catcliing  them  in 
pans  smeared  witli  t;ir.  ;  A  day  of  fasting  and 
prayer  for  riddance  from  the  calamity,  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor,  and  generally  obser\-ed 
throughout  the  State.  '  Soon  after  this,  the  grass- 
hoijpers  dis;ippeared,  and  a  partial  harvest  was 
secured  in  the  region  formerly  afflicted  by  them. 
For  five  successive  seasons,  the  fanners  ui  that 
district  had  lost  their  crops,  more  or  less  entirely. 

In  the  fall  of  1S77,  Gov.  Pillsbury  was  re- 
elected Governor,  receiving  57,071  votes,  over 
Wm.  L.  Banning,  who  received  39,147. 

Tlie  legislature  of  1S78,  appiopriatcd  SloO.OOO 
to  purchase  seed  grain  for  destitute  settlers,  the 
amounts  issued,  to  such,  to  be  repaid  by  them. 
Over  si.x  thousand  persons,  in  thirty-four  counties, 
received  loans  under  this  act.  enough  to  plant 
223,727  acres.    Most  of  these  loans  were  repaid. 

At  the  same  session  an  act  was  passed,  propo- 
sing a  constitutional  amendment,  offering  to  the 
holdersof  State  ntilmail  l)onds.  Intenial  Improve- 
ment Lands,  in  exchange  for  sucli  bonds.     The 


amendment  was  rejected  by  the  people  at  the 
next  election. 

During  the  year  l.s7s.  railroad  extension,  which 
had  been  almost  suspc mled  for  four  years,  was 
renewed  again  with  much  vigor,  and  the  mate- 
rial progress  of  the  .Slate  was  very  marked,  the 
western  comities,  especially,  developing  raiiidly. 

At  the  election  in  1S79,  John  S.  Pillsbury  was 
re-elected  Governor  for  a  third  term,  by  a  vote  of 
57,471,  over  Edniinid  liice.  who  had  42,444,  and 
other  candidates,  who  received  6.401. 

On  November  1-Jth,  IS.so,  the  Ilo.-pital  for  tlie 
Insane,  at  St.  Peter,  was  partially  destroyed  by 
fire,  and  twenly-seven  of  the  patients  lost  their 
lives,  by  burning,  or  in  consequence  of  exposure 
and  fright. 

The  census  of  1880,  showed  a  population  in 
Minnesota,  of  780.082.  The  assessors"  returns 
give  a  valuation  of  real  and  personal  property,  of 
§268,277.874.  These  figures  .show  a  proud  and 
gratifying  condition  of  growth  and  prosperity  in 
tlie  slicirt  space  of  tliirly-oiie  years,  since  Minne- 
sota began  its  political  existence. 


FORT  SNELLTNG. 


CHAPTER  XXX. 


FORT   SNELLING. 


A  PUin  Post— Its  Associalioiis— Situation— Clmnnel  of  Mississippi— Recent  Im- 
provements —  Department  of  Dakota  —  Department  Headquarters  —  Lieut. 
Douglas'  Report— Purchase  of  Reserve— Purpose  of  Fort— Building— Hard- 
Blnps— Saw  Mill— Name— Squatter*— Pilte  Island— Reduction  of  1853— Sale  to 
Mr.  Steele— Re-entry  by  V.  S.— Reduction  of  1862— Claim  of  Mr.  Steele— Re- 
duction of  1870— New  Buildings— General  Description. 


If  a  visitor  expects  to  see  a  stone  foitiflpation, 
bristling  witli  cannon  and  prepared  for  defense 
against  intruders  by  land  or  water,  lie  will 
be  disappointed  in  Fort  Snelling.  If,  on  the 
other  hand,  he  anticipates  a  pile  of  ruins  over- 
grown with  ivy,  the  remains  of  former  greatness 
and  strength,  he  will  find  himself  as  much 
deceived  in  that  direction.  Xo  mark  of  cannon- 
ball  or  even  musket  shot  exists.  The  fort  has 
never  sustained  an  attack.  Some  old  buildings, 
it  is  true,  are  disused  and  look  sadly  forsaken, 
their  places  being  supplied  by  new  and  more 
modern  structures,  still  it  would  require  some 
stretch  of  the  imagination  to  construe  them  in- 
to ruins.  One  of  the  officers,  however,  jokingly 
suggested  that  ivy  be  phmted  around  the  tower 
that  in  old  time  guarded  the  main  entrance, 
pierced  for  two  tiers  of  musketry,  and  a  ruin 
be  made  of  it.  This  was  a  valuable  su.ggestion, 
as  in  its  present  condition  it  performs  no  useful 
purpose  and  is  an  eye-sore  to  the  visitor.  Thus 
we  see  that  the  fort  fails  to  attract,  either  by 
its  military  freshness  or  by  a  ruinous  condition. 
It  is  simply  a  plain  military  post  without  dis- 
play. It  has,  however,  served  a  purpose,  and 
is  now  the  historical  landmark  for  the  State  and 
the  Northwest.  Here  was  the  flrst  settlement, 
the  flrst  birth,  first  marriage  and  first  death. 
Here  was  organized  the  first  church,  here  was 
the  first  farming,  tirst  milling  and  first  enter- 
prise of  every  kind.  Around  Fort  Snelling  clus- 
ter all  the  early  associations  of  the  State.  What 
matters  it,  if  it  has  been  a  means  of  fraud  on  the 

national  resources  and  a  continual  charge  to  the 
11 


government  V  Had  the  paltry  dollars  been  kept 
back,  much  would  have  been  lost  and  the  coimtry 
made  poorer  not  richer.  As  the  skillful  general 
in  the  hour  of  battle  wastes  ammunition,  pro- 
perty of  all  kinds  and  even  lives  of  men  that  in 
a  less  critical  hour  he  would  cherish,  to  accom- 
plish a  result  superior  in  importance  to  money  or 
lives,  so  the  government  is  often  compelled  to 
submit  to  much  waste  to  achieve  great  ends. 
The  fort  stands  on  the  Ijluffs  of  the  Mississippi, 
whose  pure  wliite  sandstone  affords  a  strong  con- 
trast to  the  dark  water  below,  as  well  as  to  the 
green  banks  above.  The  wide  gorge  through 
which  the  Father  of  Waters  brings  down  the 
floods  of  the  North  is  here  greatly  increased  in 
width,  after  receiving  the  waters  of  its  confluent 
the  Jlinnesota.  Geologists  tell  us  that  once  the 
Minnesota  was  the  larger  river,  and  that  the  Mis- 
sissippi was  its  tributary.  They  tell  us,  too,  that 
the  ^Mississippi  once  traversed  a  different  course, 
leaving  its  present  channel  at  the  mouth  of  Bas- 
setfs  Creek  and,  taking  a  route  through  the 
Lakes  Calhoun  and  Harriet,  flowed  into  the  Min- 
nesota at  some  point  between  Shakopee  and  the 
fort.  No  historian,  however,  can  confirm  the 
testimony  of  the  rocks,  and  the  old  fort  cannot 
reach  back  far  enough  to  aid  in  the  research. 
We  are  indebted  to  the  politeness  of  Colonel 
John  Gibbon,  the  otticer  in  command,  and  to 
Adjutant  Harding  for  the  following  history  of 
the  fort,  prepared  by  S.  E.  Douglas,  2nd  Lieut. 
7th  Infantry.  This  will  give  the  facts  of  the 
fort  as  it  was,  and  as  it  is,  except  the  improve- 
ments of  the  past  year.  The  improvements  con- 
sist of  a  liakery,  a  commissary  store  house  and  a 
stable,  added  at  a  cost  of  about  §9000.  It  will  be 
necessary  for  us,  however,  to  notice  some  im- 
provements lately  made  in  the  reservation,  in 
consequence  of  the  establishment  of  the  head- 

(101) 


11)2 


FORT  ^yELLiyCi. 


(|iiaiteis  (if  tlic  •■  Di'iinrtiiiciit  of  l);il\ota  "'  at  tins 
point. 

The  •■  Depart ineiil  of  Dakota"  was  created  Aug. 
lull.  1S()().  out  of  the  ileiiartnients  of  the  Missouri 
anil  I'latte.  and  Hrcvel  Major  (ieueral  Alfred  II. 
Terry  assigned  to  eoniniand.  May  ISth.  IStif). 
(General  Terr\  was  succeeded  by  Major  General 
AVinlicM  S.  Hancock.  December  Sd.  1872.  the 
litter  was  succeeded  by  ISrevet  .Major  (ieneral. 
now  l^rigadiei- (Hiieral.  .\lfred  II.  Terry. 

Tlie  Department  of  Dakota  now  includes  the 
Territories  of  .Montana  and  Dakota,  and  tlie  State 
of  Minnesota.  Theobject  of  the  department  is  to 
facilitate  the  movement  of  troops,  the  distribution 
of  sui)plies.  etc..  etc.  The  troops  in  this  depart- 
ment are  the  Second  and  .Seventli  ca\alry.  Third. 
Fifth.  .Seventh.  Eleventh.  Seventeenth,  Eigh- 
teenth and  Twenty-lifth  infantr>.  The  head- 
quarters have  been  located  al  St.  I'aul  since  tlie 
creation  of  the deiiartment.  with  the  exception  of 
a  short  time  wlien  they  were  located  al  Fort 
Snelling.  Diirhig  the  year  past,  extensive  build- 
ings have  been  erected  on  the  Foil  Snelling  res- 
ervation with  a  view  to  the  estabnshiiiciit  of  the 
headquarters  of  lliis  dcpailiiicnl  Ihcie,  near  the 
military  jxisl.  These  iniiirovements  are  still  in 
progress,  and.  when  comiilete.  will  add  greatlv  to 
the  beauty  and  iisefiiliiess  of  the  reservation. 
F'oiirteen  buildings  built  of  cream  colored  brick. 
are  nearly  complete,  and  i>reseiit  a  line  a)i|iear- 
ance.  They  differ  in  architecture  and  are  large 
and  elaboi-ale.  The  heaihpiarters  biiihling  is  a 
handsome  stnictui-e. 

.So  much  has  been  said  and  is  still  to  be  said  in 
this  history  in  reference  to  Fort  Snelling.  that  it 
has  been  thought  best  to  iii>cil  Ihc  follow  ing  n- 
jiiirt  of  the  fort  : 

FnifT  Sn'KI.lino.  .Minn..  / 
December  Illi.  ls;ii.       , 

'I'll  ihi  !'ii.il  AiljiiiiiiiL  Fni-t  SiiiUiiiij.  Mill, I. 

Siu:  -Fursiiant  to  instructions  from  the  coni- 
inandingollicer.  F'ort  Snelling.  .Minn..  I  have  the 
honor  to  submit  Ihe  following  report.  \i/.:  In 
l.HO."i.  Lieulenant  /.ebiilon  .Monlgomery  I'ike.  F. 
S.  .\riny.  was  sent  out  to  explore  the  upper  Mi.ssis- 
sip).i  river,  to  expel  Jtiilish  tiadeis  who  might  be 
found  violating  I'nited  Stales  laws,  and  to  make 
tivaties  with  the  Indians. 

On  the  21sl  of  .September,  imi.j.  he  eniampe<l 


on  what  is  now  known  as  Pike  Island,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Mississijipi  and  Minnesota,  (then 
St.  Petei-s)  livers.  Two  days  after,  he  obtained 
by  treaty  with  the  Sioux  Nation,  a  tract  of  land 
for  a  military  reservation,  which  was  described 
as  follows :  ••From  below  the  confluence  of  the 
Mississipjii  and  St.  Peter,  up  the  ilississippi  to 
include  tlic  l-"alls  of  St.  .\iillioiiy.  extending  nine 
miles  on  each  side  of  the  river."'  Hy  this  treaty, 
as  ratilied  by  the  Senate,  the  Fnited  States  stip- 
ulated to  pay  two  llinii>aiid  dollars  i?2.(l00i  for 
the  lands  thus  cedc(l. 

The  reserve,  thus  purchased.  li>  Lieiiteiiaiit 
Pike,  was  not  used  for  military  purposes  until 
Februarx  Idtli.  IM'.i.  at  which  time,  to  cause  the 
])ower  of  llic  liiited  .Slates  government  to  be 
fully  acknowledged  by  the  Indians  and  settlers 
of  the  Northwest,  to  |>revent  Lord  .Selkirk,  the 
Hudson  IJay  ('oiiiiiaii\  and  others,  from  establish- 
ing trading  iiosts  on  rnited  States  territory,  to 
better  the  condition  of  the  Indians,  and  to  de- 
veloii  the  resources  of  the  coiiiitiy.  it  was  thought 
expedient  to  estalilisli  a  military  post  near  the 
junction  of  the  .Mississipjii  and  the  St.  Peters. 
.Vccordiiigly  jiart  of  the  •'ith  I'.  S.  lnt'aiitiy.  coin- 
inanded  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Henry  J.,eaven- 
worth.  was  despatched  to  select  a  site  and  erect 
a  post.  They  arriveil  at  the  St.  Peters  in  Sep- 
tpinber  I  l.siHi  ami  went  into  cantonment  on  the 
south  side  of  it.  near  where  the  town  of  Meudola 
now  stands. 

The  lirst  monthly  report  was  rendcrcil  for  .Sep- 
li'iiibcr.  IMli.  Dm  iiif;  the  ensuing  winter  i  lHIi)-2(li 
scurvy  raged  amongst  the  trooi>s.  referring  to 
which,  (iencral  II.  II.  .Sibley,  in  his  aihlress before 
the  Minnesota  Historical  Society,  says :  "So  sud- 
<h-ii    wa^    Ihe    allaik.    that    soldiers    a)i)iarentl> 

ill  g 1   health  when  lhe\    irliied  at   night,  were 

I'oiind  dcaij  in  the  iiioiniiig.  ()iic  man  who  was 
rilicM'd  Ironi  Ids  loiir  of  sentinel  duty,  and 
slielched  himself  upon  a  bench,  when  lie  was 
called  four  hours  after,  to  resume  his  duties,  was 
found  lifeless. ■■  In  .May.  1K2(I.  the  coimnand  left 
llieir  ( aiitoiinieiit.  crossed  the  St.  Peters,  and 
went  into  summer  camp  at  a  spring,  near  the 
old  Maker  trading  house,  and  about  two  miles 
above  the  present  site  of  I"oit  Snelling.  This 
was  i-alled  ■Camp  Cold  Water."  During  the 
summer  the  men  were  busily  engaged  in  procur- 
ing logs    anil  other  necessary   materials  for  the 


BEDUCTIOX  A XI)  SALE. 


lOH 


work.  All  preparations  were  being  made  to  com- 
mence building  the  new  post,  whirli  was  called 
■•Fort  St.  Anthony;"  the  site  selected  being  that 
of  the  present  military  cemetery.  But  in  August, 
1820,  Colonel  .losiah  Snelling,  -ithU.  S.  Infantry, 
having  arrived  and  assumed  command,  selected 
the  site  where  Fort  Snelling  now  stands. 

Work  steadily  progressed,  tlie  troops  perform- 
ing tlie  labor,  and  on  September  10th,  ]S20,  the 
corner  stone  of  Fort  St.  Antliony  was  laid  witli 
due  ceremony. 

During  the  following  winter  Ilts20  "211.  the 
buildings  of  the  new  post  not  being  lialutable, 
the  troops  were  quartered  in  the  cantonment  of 
the  preceding  winter. 

Tlie  first  measured  distance  between  Fort  St. 
Anthony  and  Fort  Crawford  (Prairie  du  Chien), 
was  taken  in  February,  1822,  and  was  given  as 
two  hundred  and  four  miles. 

Work  on  the  i>ost  was  pushed  forward  with  all 
possible  .speed.  The  buildings  were  made  of  logs, 
and  first  occupied  in  October,  1822. 

The  first  steamboat,  the  Virginia,  arrived  at 
the  post  in  1 828. 

A  saw-mill  was  built,  the  fust  in  Minnesota, 
by  troops  from  the  post,  in  1822,  and  the  first 
lumber  » ver  sawed  on  Hum  River,  was  for  u«e  in 
tlie  construction  of  the  fort,  Minneapolis  now 
includes  the  mill-site. 

The  post  continued  to  be  called  Fort  St.  An- 
thony until  1824,  when,  upon  the  recommendation 
of  General  Scott,  U.  S.  A.,  who  inspected  the 
fort,  it  was  named  Fort  Snelling,  in  honor  of  its 
founder. 

In  1880  stone  buildings  wei'e  erected  for  a  fotn- 
company  infantry  post,  also  a  stone  liospital  and 
a  stone  wall  nine  feet  high  surrounding  the  post. 
These  buildings  were  not  actually  complete<l, 
liowever,  until  after  tlie  Mexican  War. 

Notwithstanding  the  treaty  made  by  Ijieuten- 
ant  Pike,  the  Indian  title  to  the  Fort  Snelling 
Heservation,  did  not  cease  until  tlie  treaty  of  1887, 
which  was  ratified  by  the  Senate  in  1838,  and  by 
which  the  Indian  claim  to  all  lands  east  of  tlie 
Mississippi,  including  said  reservation,  ceased. 

In  183fi,  before  the  Indian  title  ceased,  many 
settlers  located  on  the  reservation,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Mississippi. 

On  October  21st,  1889,  the  President  of  the 
I'nited  States  issued  an  order,  by  virtue  of  the 


act  of  March  3d,  1807,  "  An  act  to  prevent  .settle- 
ments being  made  on  lands  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  until  authorized  by  law,"  directing  the 
United  States  Marshal  to  remove  squatters  from 
the  Fort  Snelling  reserve,  and  if  necessary,  to  call 
on  the  commanding  ofhcer  at  Fort  Snelling  for 
troops  to  assist  him  in  executing  his  order.  Ac- 
cordingly, on  the  6th  of  May.  1840.  a  few  of  these 
settlers,  having  received  the  necessary  notice, 
were  forcibly  removed  by  the  Marshal,  assisted 
by  U.  S.  troops  from  the  fort, 

In  1837,  Mr.  Faribault  presented  a  claim  for 
Pike  Island,  part  of  the  reservation  purchased  by 
Lieutenant  Pike,  in  180-5.  This  claim  was  based 
on  a  treaty  made  by  him  with  the  Dakotas  ui 
1820. 

A  military  reservation  of  seven  thousand  acres, 
at  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota,  was  set  aside  by  the 
President,  on  May  2.5tli,  18-53.  In  November  fol- 
lowing, the  President  amended  his  act  of  May 
2-5th,  and  reduced  the  reservation  to  about  six 
tliousand  acres. 

The  first  map  of  the  Fort  Snelling  reserve  was 
made  by  1st  Lieutenant  James  W.  Abert,  Coqis 
Engineer,  in  October,  18-53, 

Pursuant  to  the  act  of  March  3d,  18.57,  which 
extended  tlie  provisions  of  the  act  of  ^larch  19th, 
1819,  authorizing  the  sale  of  certain  military  sites, 
the  Secretary  of  AVar  sold  the  Fort  Snelling 
reserve,  excepting  two  small  tracts,  to  Mr.  Frank- 
lin Steele. 

The  articles  of  agreement  between  the  board 
appointed  for  the  purpose  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States,  and  Mr.  Steele,  were  dated  .lune 
(ith,  18-57,  and  were  approved  on  the  second  day 
of  July  following.  The  reservation  and  build- 
ings thereon  were  sold  for  ninety  thousand  dol- 
lars, one-third  to  be  paid  on  July  loth,  18-57,  and 
the  balance  in  two  equal  yearly  installments. 
The  first  payment  ($30,000)  was  actually  made, 
July  2-5th,  18.57.  on  which  date  Mr.  Steele,  in  pur- 
suance of  military  authority,  took  possession  of 
said  property.  The  troops  were  withdrawn  from 
the  post  previous  to  Mr.  Steele's  occupancy  there- 
of. Mr.  Steele  having  made  default  in  the  two 
remaining  payments,  the  United  States  entered 
into  possession  and  occupancy  of  the  reservation 
and  post,  on  April  23d,  1861. 

By  act  of  August  26th,  1862,  the  F\irt  Snelling 
reservation  was  reduced  and  defined  as  follows  : 


164 


FOBT  SyELLISG. 


•'  Beginiiinp:  at  the  inidcUe  of  the  fliaiinel  of  tlie 
Mississii>iii  Hirer  below  l'ike".s  island  :  tlieiice 
ascending  along  tlie  iliaimel  of  said  river  in  sueh 
direction  as  to  include  all  the  islands  of  the 
river  to  the  mouth  of  IJrown's  Creek  ;  thence  up 
Siiid  creek  to  IJice  Lake ;  tlience  tln-ough  the 
middle  of  Rice  I«ike  to  the  outlet  of  Lake  Ame- 
lia ;  thence  through  said  outlet  and  the  middle 
of  Lake  Amelia  to  the  outlet  of  Mother  Lake; 
tlience  through  said  outlet  and  the  middle  of 
Mother  Lake  to  the  outlet  of  Duck  Lake  ;  thence 
tlirongh  said  outlet  and  the  middle  of  Duck  Lake 
to  the  southern  extremity  of  Duck  Lake  ;  thence 
in  a  line  due  south  to  tljc  middle  of  channel  of 
the  St.  Peter's  Hiver;  thence  dow.n  said  river  so 
as  to  include  all  the  islands  to  the  middle  of  the 
channel  of  the  Mississippi  River:  reserving  fur- 
ther, for  military  purposes,  a  quarter  section  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  St.  I'eter's  River,  at  the 
present  ferry,  and  also  a  quarter  section  on  the 
left  bank  of  tlie  Mis.sissijjpi  River,  at  the  present 
ferry  across  that  stream."' 

Mr.  Steele  presented,  on  i'ebruary  (ith.  1868,  a 
claim  against  the  I'nited  States  govermiient  for 
the  possession  and  occuiiancy  by  V .  S.  troops,  of 
said  post  and  reservation  :  which  claim  exceeded 
in  aiiKMuil  the  original  luirchase  w  ith  interest. 

By  act  of  May  7th,  1870,  the  Secretary  of  War 
was  authorized  •'  To  select  and  set  apart  for  a 
jiermanent  military  post,  so  much  of  the  military 
reservation  of  Fort  Snelling,  not  less  than  one 
thousand  acres,  as  the  jiublic  interest  may  require 
for  that  purpose,  and  tn  iiuict  the  title  to  said 
reservation,  and  to  settle  all  claims  in  relation 
thereto,  and  for  the  use  and  occupation  thereof, 
upon  principles  of  equity."  In  jiursuance  of 
which  act.  the  Secretary  of  \Var  set  apart  for  a 
permanent  military  reservation  lifteen  hundred 
and  thirty-one  and  Iwcntv  hundicdtlis  acres,  de- 
lined  as  follows: 

'■  IJegimiing  at  a  point  \\  line  the  snutli  line  of 
the  nortliea.st  quarter  of  tlie  northeast  quarter  of 
section  thirty-two,  township  twenty-eight  north. 
of  niiige  twenty-three  west  of  tlie  fourth  princii)al 
meridian,  intersects  the  miildleof  the  main  I'hau- 
nel  of  the  Minnesota  Hiver:  thence  west  to  the 
Houthwest  comer  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  sec- 
lion  thirty-two.  town  and  range  aforesaid  ;  thence 
n<irtli  to  the  northwest  corner  of  section  twenty, 
town  andTange  aforesaid;  thence  east  to  middle 


of  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi  River; 
thence  along  the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi 
River  and  the  conlhieiice  of  the  Mississippi  and 
ilinnesota  rivers  at  the  head  of  Pike  Island  and 
the  middle  of  the  Minnesota  River,  to  the  i)lace 
of  beginning,  indudiiisf  the  oilicers"  quarters,  bar- 
racks, ttc." 

A  reserve  of  ten  acres  giantccl  by  tlic  Initcd 
States  to  the  Catholic  Church  at  Mendota  for  a 
cemetery,  was  also  reserved.  Mr.  Steele  executed 
full  release  of  all  claim  whatsoever  to  this  proj)- 
erty.  and  for  the  useor  occuiialion  of  all  property 
sold  to  him  iier  agreement  dated  June  (ith,  lbo7; 
in  cousideraticin  of  which,  the  United  States  re- 
leased Mr.  Steele  from  all  indebtedness  on  the 
purchase  made  by  him.  and  granted  and  con- 
veyed to  him  the  remainder  of  the  so-called  Fort 
Snelling  reservationf  excepting  one  small  tract), 
which  is  delined  as  follows  : 

••  .\11  of  sections  nineteen,  thirty  and  thirty- 
one,  and  all  that  pari  of  section  eighteen  lying 
south  of  Minnehaha  Creek,  and  all  that  part  of 
section  seventeen  lying  south  of  Minnehaha 
Creek  and  west  of  the  Mississippi  River;  all  that 
portion  of  section  twenty,  lying  east  of  the  main 
channel  of  the  ]Mississip|)i  River,  including  the 
islands  east  of  said  main  channel,  and  the  south- 
west quarter  of  the  northwest  quarter,  and  all 
that  portion  of  the  southwest  quarter  and  of  the 
northwest  quarter  of  the  southeast  (juarter  of  sec- 
tion twenty-one  which  lies  east  or  northeast  of 
the  main  channel  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and 
all  those  portions  of  sections  twenty-one,  twenty- 
two  and  twenty-eight  lying  on  Pike's  Island  i so- 
called]  being  the  entii'e  island,  and  all  that  other 
portion  of  section  twenty-eight  which  lies  east 
and  south  of  the  Minnesota  Hiver.  except  Iwt'iity 
acres,  being  the  south  half  of  the  southeast  quar- 
ter of  the  northeast  quarter  of  .said  section,  the 
same  being  reseivcd  for  a  Catholic  (^hurch  an<l 
burial  ground.  «licre  the  church  and  burial 
ground  nou  are;  all  that  iHirtion  of  the  south 
half  and  ol  Ww  south  half  of  the  north  half 
of  srction  lliirt>-tU(>  wliicli  lies  west  iw  iiorlli- 
west  of  the  .Minnesota  Hiver:  all  the  above 
described  lauils  being  in  townshiii  twenty-eight 
north,  of  range  tweuty-tlini'  west  of  the  fonrth 
principal  meriilian.  .Vlso  all  that  portion  of  sec- 
tion thirteen  lying  .south  of  .Minnehaha  anil  Hice 
Lake  and  east  of  the  creek  running  between  said 


NEW  BUILDINGS  ANB  DESCBIPTION. 


165 


Rice  Lake  anil  Lake  Amelia  and  east  of  said 
Lake  Amelia,  ami  all  land  in  section  twelve  that 
may  be  included  in  said  Ixiundaries.  All  of  sec- 
tion twenty-four  lying  east  of  the  western  bound- 
ary of  said  reservation  (••  reserve  selected  "")  and 
any  portion  of  section  twenty-three  that  lies  east 
of  the  creek  joining  Jlother  Lake  and  Lake  Ame- 
lia, and  the  east  half  of  section  twenty-five  and 
the  east  half  of  section  thirty-six,  all  in  town- 
ship twenty-eight  north,  of  range  twenty-four 
west  of  the  fourth  meridian.  Also  all  that  por- 
tion of  section  live  which  lies  west  or  northwest 
of  the  ^linnesota  River ;  all  of  section  six ;  all 
that  portion  of  section  seven  which  lies  north  of 
the  Minnesota  River,  and  all  those  portions  of 
section  eight  and  eigliteen  which  lie  west  and 
north  of  the  Minnesota  River:  all  in  townshiii 
twenty-seven  north,  of  range  twenty-three  west. 

Also  the  east  half  of  section  one.  and  tlie  east 
half  of  section  twelve,  and  all  that  portion  of  the 
east  half  of  section  thirteen  which  lies  north  and 
east  of  the  ^Minnesota  River ;  all  in^  township 
twenty-seven  north,  of  range  twenty-four  west. 

The  action  of  the  Secretary  of  War  in  selecting 
said  reservation  and  buildings  and  conveying  the 
above  specified  lands  to  ilr.  Steele,  was  approved 
by  the  President  on  January  4th.  1871. 

A  stone  prison  was  erected  during  the  war  of 
the  reliellion.  which  is  now  used  as  a  commissary 
storehouse. 

The  old  stone  hospital  is  now  used  for  offices 
and  laundress"  quarters.  The  new  hospital  is 
just  completed. 

Fort  Snelling  is  situated  on  a  higli  bluff  on  the 
right  bank  of  tlie  Mississii)pi.  in  latitude  44  deg. 
•52  mill.  4(5  sec.  iioith.and  longitude  93  deg.  4  min. 
54  sec.  west.  It  is  an  irregular  shaped  liastioned 
redoubt. 

A  wagon  road  runs  entirely  around  the  post, 
and  is  eight  feet  below  the  parade  at  the  gorge, 
but  gradually  arrives  on  the  same  level  at  the 
shoulder  angle. 

The  old  post  is  almost  enclosed  by  five  build- 
ings, and  in  form  is  nearly  a  rhombus,  with  a 
tower  at  each  angle. 

A  new  two-story  barracks  for  six  companies  of 
infantry  and  sixteen  sets  of  officers'  quarters. 
was  built  during  1878.  The  east  tower,  stone 
wall,  and  old  guard  house,  have  been  torn  down. 


The  commanding  officer's  quarters  have  been  re- 
modeled during  the  current  year. 

The  water  is  obtained  from  a  spring  about 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  post,  by  means 
of  water  wagons.  Water  is  also  obtained  from 
the  Minnesota  River,  being  forced  through  pipes 
by  an  engine,  into  a  large  tank  on  the  west  side 
of  the  parade  ground,  but  the  water  thus  obtained 
is  unfit  for  drinking  purposes.  During  extreme 
cold  weather  tlie  water  pipes  freeze  up,  rendering 
it  impossible  to  refill  the  tank  except  dirring  the 
open  weather. 

There  is  a  post-office,  a  telegraph  office  and  a 
railroad  station  at  the  post. 
********** 

The  nearest  supply  depots  are  at  St.  Paul,  four 
miles  distant  from  the  post,  by  wagon  road,  and 
six  miles  by  railroad.  A  bridge  is  building  across 
the  ^ilississippi  River  at  the  post. 

Forage  and  fuel  are  obtained  by  contract.  The 
post  and  company  garden  supply  vegetables  for 
the  garrison. 

The  armament  consists  of  two  three-inch  rifled 
cannon,  with  carriages,  model  of  1861.  The 
present  strength  of  the  garrison  is  sixteen  com- 
missioned officers  and  three  hundred  and  fourteen 
enlisted  men. 

It  is  impossible  to  obtain  from  the  records  of 
the  post,  the  various  expenditures  for  barracks 
and  quarters,  and  repairs  of  same,  for  any  definite 
period.  All  that  I  have  been  able  to  obtain  is 
that  thirty-five  thousand  dollars  (S3o,000)  was 
appropriated  for  barracks  and  quarters  in  1878. 
It  is  presumed,  however,  that  the  required  in- 
formation can  be  obtained  at  the  Quartermaster 
General's  office.  The  work,  practically,  (with 
few  exceptions),  has  been  performed  by  the  labor 
of  the  troops,  and  the  cost  to  the  Government 
cannot  be  correctly  estimated. 

A  site  has  been  selected  on  the  Fort  Snelling 
reservation  upon  which  to  erect  buildings  for  the 
Headquarters  of  the  Department. 

Tlie  records  of  the  post  are  very  incomplete. 
It  seems,  from  all  attainable  evidence,  that  the 
records  were  removed  in  1857,  when  the  troops 
were  withdrawn,  and  have  not  been  returned. 
It  further  appears  that  these  records  had  not  been 
received  by  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  army 
prior  to  July  18th,  1866.  The  last  Board  of 
Officers  appointed  to  investigate  claims  on  the 


16H 


FOJiT  ,s.YA7,/.y.vrv. 


Fort  Snelling  reservation  met  i)ursviant  to  S.  O. 
Xo.  278  A.  (i.  O.  dated  Octoln-r  ITlli.  ISTd.  I 
liave  lieeii  >nuil)le  to  find  any  jieiieral  order  re- 
ferring to  tlie  reservation  of  lHo3  or  IStiii.  or  re- 
ferring to  lands  sold  in  1857  and  18711. 

The  reservation  of  1870  was  announced  in 
General  Order  No.  tw.  Adjutant  General's  office 
of  tliat  year,  and  was  lirst  surveyed  by  Captain 
I).  P.  Heap,  Cori)s  of  Engineers,  on  April  13th. 


1871.  A  new  line  for  the  .southern  boundary  was 
run  by  First  Lieutenant  Edward  Maguire.  Corps 
of  Engineers,  on  May  7tli.  1877. 

I  respectfully  submit  the  foregoing,  believing 
it  will  cover  a  few  of  the  points  required. 

I  am.  Sir.    \'ery  Hespectfully  Your  obedient 
Servant,  S.  H.  DoroLAs. 

Second  Lieut.  7th  Infantrv. 


Ills  'J'  O  K  Y 


HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


CHAPTER    XXXI. 

INTHODICTIOX  —  MOUNDS  —  INDIANS  —  EAKLV 
MISSIONARIES — VOYAGEUKS — EAULY  EXPLO- 
KERS— .MISSIONAUIES— ONE  OK  THE  INDIAN 
r.ATTLES — NEW    MISSIONARIES. 

\\lieii  Livy  wiole  the  liislon  iif  Hdiiic  he  was 
coiiipelleil  to  admit  that  facts  and  lictioii  had 
become  so  intermingled  that  it  was  impossible  to 
distinguish  the  one  from  tlie  other.  The  legends 
of  the  past  were  such  a  mixture  of  facts,  mytho- 
logical superstitions  and  wild  fancies  that  it  was 
a  relief  to  reach  the  restful  word  '•constaf  (it  is 
admitted),  and  find  that  there  was  some  ground 
upon  which  all  agreed  and  could  stand  with  linn 
feet. 

Though  tlie  settlement  of  Hennepin  county 
was  not  determined  by  the  tiiglit  of  l)irds.  and 
thougli  there  was  no  barbarous  uncle  (U'  remark- 
alile  infants.  Romulus  and  Remus,  still  there  are 
always,  in  the  growth  and  settlement  of  any 
countrs'.  fancies  and  superstitious  that  take  the 
form  of  traditions  and  bewilder  the  wisest  heads. 
The  machinery  of  the  shrewdest  Yankee  can 
never  so  completel}'  separate  a  mixture  of  wheat, 
cockle  and  pigeon  grass  that  it  can  be  said— here 
we  hiive  now  collected  all  the  wheat,  here  all  the 
cockle  and  here  all  the  pigeon  grass.  The  histor- 
ian who  delays  liis  separating  process  until  after 
harvest,  must  have  a  like  experience  and  will  lind 
many  a  kernel  of  cockle  among  his  wheat.  By 
beginning  thus  early,  before  the  first  settler.s  have 
pas.sed  away,  we  must  have  a  decided  advantage 
over  historians  who  grope  among  the  rubbish  of 
the  past,  sifting  and  screening  to  get  the  grains 
of  fact  as  pure  as  possible.     "We  can  talk  to-day 


with  eye  witnesses  of  the  scenes  we  describe  and 
hope  thus  to  collect  and  preserve  in  almost  unal- 
loyed purity  the  treasures  of  history. 

H  must  not  be  suppo.sed.  however,  that  the 
compilation  necessary  to  furnish  a  historx .  such 
as  is  here  proposed,  is  an  easy  task.  Thougli  the 
files  of  -the  Press"  afford  a  valuable  thesaurus 
of  information,  still  many  choice  items  have 
never  found  their  wa\  to  the  columns  of  the 
new  spaper  and  are  accidentally  unearthed  by  the 
hist(u-ical  expk)rer  as  lie  pokes  about,  as  little 
noticed  by  the  busy  citizen  as  the  ragpicker,  who 
with  .sack  and  hook  is  exploring  the  ash  barrel  in 
the  rear  of  the  merchants'  st<ire.  Out  of  a  vast 
amount  of  material  gathere<l  b\  the  persistent 
efforts  of  these  collectors,  we  jiiirpose  to  furnish 
to  the  public  such  part  as  ought  to  be  kept  in 
miuil  by  the  present  and  future  inhabitants  of 
this  county,  and  besides  furnish  entertainment  to 
those  who  wcMild  simjily  wiiile  awa_\  an  hour 
among  the  interesting  things  of  the  past,  com- 
paring the  old  with  the  new. 

MOTNDS. 

.Vlllioiigli  we  are  eualilcd  lo  furnish  facts  that 
cannot  be  (luestioned  in  reference  to  the  settle- 
ment of  Hennepin  county  by  white  men.  still 
there  are.  even  in  this  new  cciuntry.  many  old 
things  and  many  m\steries  that  can  never  be  e.x- 
plaiueil— mounds  built  by  a  people  whom  we  can 
never  know,  whose  history  can  never  be  com- 
mitted to  jiaper.  There  are  many  iiioiuids  in  this 
county  and  we  here  give  thein  a  passing  notice. 

.Vrchu'ologists  have  divided  imninih  into  the 
following  classes:  •■^Vltaror  Sacrificial  ilonnds," 
••Mounds  of  Sepulture"  lor  burial),  -'Temple 
>b>uiids.""  and  ■•  Mounds  of  Observation."      Be- 

(167) 


168 


HISTOKY  OF  HESNEPIN  COUA'TY. 


sides  these  they  have  found  mounds  that  do  not 
admit  of  olassifieation  under  any  of  tliese  heads— 
niDUiuls  of  rurious  shapt's.  having  such  forms  as 
defy  conjerture  as  to  tlieir  use. 

These  wise  heads  have  spent  much  time  in  con- 
jecture, and  mucli  in  measurement,  with  mathe- 
matical instrumciils.  to  determine  data  that  will 
suit  their  fanciful  theories. 

It  is  not  our  purpose  in  this  paper  to  discu.ss 
the  antiquity  of  these  mounds,  or  to  speculate  on 
their  character.  Little  attention  has  been  paid 
to  the  very  nmuerous  mounds  found  in  the 
county.  It  may  be  safe,  however,  to  class  them 
all.  at  a  venture,  under  the  head  of  Mo>mds  of 
Sepulture.  The  iuvesligalions  made  have  re- 
vealed little  except  bones,  and  the  e\idence  of 
^reat  antiquity  is  not  very  clear. 

This  method  of  burial  was  certainly  in  use  in 
recent  times  among  om-  Indian  tribes.  Jonathan 
Carver,  in  a  letter  foimd  in  this  volume,  speaks 
of  visiting  a  mound  near  St.  Paul,  in  1767.  and 
witnessing  the  Indian  burial.  The  custom  of  this 
iuiagiualive  jicdple  was  to  place  the  bodies  of 
tlii-ir  dead  upon  high  stagings,  ovcilodking  lakes, 
rivers  or  beautiful  scenery,  which  they  would 
enjoy  if  living,  and  leave  them  there,  until  at 
certain  intervals,  they  collected  the  remains  for 
burial  in  the  mounds.  Mounds  in  this  county 
are  found  overlooking  the  water  of  all  the  princi- 
]ial  lakes  and  rivers  scattered  through  its  various 
tttwnships.  As  we  can  never  write  the  history 
of  the  builders,  we  will  leave  the  subject  to  future 
explorers  and  more  fertile  imaginations. 

INDIANS. 

After  the  Mound  Ihiildeis  come  the  Indians 
in  the  occui)ation  of  the  county.  If,  as  has  been 
claimed,  the  Mound  Builders  were  the  Indians, 
they  must  have  been  earlier  settlers  of  tribes  now 
extinct  or  driven  further  south.  TIjc  present 
tribes  of  Indians,  at  least,  come  after  the  Mound 
Huilders.  The  fanciful  names,  wild  natures  and 
ourioiis  legends  of  this  people,  will  always  be 
itssociated  with  much  that  is  i)oetic.  grand  and 
brave. 

The  early  settlers  of  Minnesota,  liowever.  will 
hold  the.  Indian  in  execration,  and  so.  too.  their 
children"s  children  for  many  generations,  in  coii- 
secpieiice  of  the  massacre  of  IHisl'.  We  must, 
liowever,  refer  the  reader  to  the  chaiiters.  ••  llaltits 


of  the  Tribes  "  and  "  Massacre  of  1862,"  found 
earlier  in  the  volume. 

EARLY  MISSIONARIES. 

It  must  be  left  to  the  imagination  of  the  reader 
to  picture  many  of  the  hazardous  experiences 
and  narrow  escapes  of  the  early  missionaries, 
which  can  never  be  written.  Their  motto,  '•  Ad 
mnjofem  del  ylorkun  ",  often  exposed  them  to  the 
tdinaliawk  and  scalinng  knife  of  the  Indian,  or  to 
hardships  and  exposures  under  which  they  could 
but  die.  The  indefatigable  explorer  is  still  find- 
ing new  fads  to  add  to  the  alrea<1y  rich  store. 

VOYAGEUKS. 

Again  fancy  may  run  riot  among  the  stories  of 
tlie  "Voyageurs"  who.  making  the  love  of  adven- 
ture their  highway  to  happiness,  spent  weeks  and 
months  in  dalliance  with  Indian  maidens.  Facts 
in  regard  to  these  adventures  are  coming  to  the 
knowledge  of  the  explorer  among  the  curious 
things  of  the  past.  Fancy  need  not  be  very  wild 
that  discovers,  on  the  streets  of  our  great  cities, 
half-breeds,  bearing  unmistakable  marks  of  noble 
parentage.  The  fact  that  Frenchmen,  frequently 
descendants  from  noble  families,  but  of  broken 
fortunes.  cohal)ited  w  itli  the  Dakota  squaws,  rais- 
ing up  sometimes  large  families,  is  freely  admitted. 

These  half  breeds,  while  in  many  instances 
bearing  the  iininess  of  nobility  in  counteiunices, 
having  the  high  cheek  bones  and  coarse  hair  of 
the  natives,  were  often  much  more  reckless  than 
their  sires.  For.  we  are  assured,  that  their  adven- 
turous sires  fre<iuently  solemnized  by  a  veritable 
marriage,  contracts  undertaken  at  first  for  the 
diversion  of  an  hour.  Their  consciences,  how- 
ever, w  ere  riither  elastic,  for  the  existence  of  such 
marriages  in  tlieir  wanderings,  seems  not  to  have 
interfered  witli  others,  contractecl  at  home,  or 
with  new  ones  entered  into  for  convenience  or 
diversion  at  some  new  caniji. 

Tlie  i)rogeny  belonged  neither  to  the  one  race 
nor  the  other,  and  since  they  could  not  be  ac- 
kiunvledged,  cared  for  and  edncaled  by  the 
enlightened  jiartuer  to  the  conlract  without  ex- 
posing him  to  shame,  were  left  to  become  breeders 
of  strife  and  contentinn  among  the  tribes.  This 
is  one  of  the  evils  tliat  iiroves  that  "The  efVcct  of 
contact  of  the  suuple  minded  .savage  witli  tlie 
deepiT  and  higher  life  111'  tlie  inllildrr  is  fraught 
with  danger  to  liolli." 


HXFLOHEES  AXl)  3nSSI0yABIES. 


169 


EARLY  EXPLORERS. 

Fatlier  Louis  Hennepin,  born  in  Flanders,  in 
16-10,  became  a  missionary  to  Canada,  in  1670.  He 
acoompanied  La  Salle  in  liis  exploration  of  the 
great  lakes,  the  upper  Mississippi  and  its  tribu- 
taries. His  "Description  de  la  Louisane"  pub- 
lished in  1683.  and  a  similar  work  ptibllshed  in 
1697,  are  said  to  do  more  credit  to  his  imagination 
tluui  to  his  priestly  character.  In  sjiite  of  the 
claim  that  they  contain  many  falsities,  lioth  pub- 
lications are  esteemed  by  his  supporters  and 
the  traducers  of  his  veracity.  In  1680,  he  dis- 
covered the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  but  robbed 
them  of  a  beautiful  Indian  name,  '■  Kakaljika 
Irara,"  (severed  rock,  curling  water)  and  substi- 
tuted the  name  of  his  patron  saint.  Le  Sueur 
and  Faribault  were  also  distinguished  explorers 
coming  soon  after  Father  Hennepin.  Next  comes 
Captain  John  Uuluth,  in  1760,  also  Nicollet. 
Schoolcraft,  Catlin  and  Featherstonhaugh.  Ac- 
counts of  these  explorers  will  be  found  in  another 
part  of  the  work.  They  were  valuable  contribu- 
tors to  the  information  of  their  day  and  also 
contributed  to  the  growth  of  the  territory  and 
subsequently,  of  the  State  by  their  glowing  de- 
scriptions of  its  resources  and  healthful  climate. 

Jonathan  Carver,  in  1767.  exhibited  here,  what 
many  a  genuine  Yankee  has  done  elsewhere,  good 
speculating  qualities.  He  was  the  first  of  the 
numerous  land  speculators.  He  roamed  about 
much  with  a  keen  eye  to  the  main  chance,  while 
he  at  the  same  time  took  in  the  scenery,  the  fu- 
ture proliabilities,  and  ventured  various  prophe- 
cies for  the  future  of  the  state,  predicting  that 
what  is  now  St.  Paul  would  soon  have  eastern 
and  western  communication.  His  notes  and  de- 
scriptions are  valuable. 

MISSIONARIES. 

Passing  over  the  experiences  of  the  earliest 
missionaries.  French  Jesuits — of  whom  sufficient 
notice  will  be  found  in  the  preceding  early  history 
of  Minnesota,  by  Kev.  E.  L).  Neill — we  shall  no- 
tice briefly  the  missionaries  who.  though  late, 
compared  with  Father  Hennepin  and  the  Jesuit 
missionaries  accompanying  the  traders  and  voya- 
geurs,  are  really  early  in  the  progress  and  settle- 
ment of  the  county.  In  a  nianuscriitt  found  flt 
Fort  Eidgely.  and  only  iiartially  preserved,  writ- 
ten by  James  W.  Lynde,  one  of  the  first  victims 


of  the  Indian  massacre  of  1862.  are  found  these 
words  in  regard  to  the  missionary  work;  •■  It  has 
been,'"  says  Mr.  Lynde.  '•  a  ceasless  and  imtmng 
effort  to  promote  their  welfare  ";  also,  "  The  in- 
fluence of  the  mission  among  the  Dakotas  has 
ever  been  of  a  direct  and  energetic  character. 
The  fir.st  efforts  of  the  mission  were  directed 
more  to  the  christianizing  than  to  the  civilizing 
of  the  Sioux :  but  of  late  the  missionaries,  though 
their  exertions  in  the  former  respect  are  not  at 
all  abated,  have  been  more  earnest  in  their  en- 
deavors to  teach  the  Indians  to  plant  and  till."" 
^Ir.  Riggs.  however,  in  commenting  on  this  pas- 
sage, claims  that  ihe  fruits  of  the  teaching  began 
to  show  in  later  years,  but  that  the  Bible  car- 
ries with  it  the  plow  and  the  hoe.  and  that  the 
missionaries  were  continually  aiming  to  introduce 
industrial  and  mainly  agricultural  habits  among 
the  Indians. 

Two  brothers,  who  afterwards  were  ordained 
clergymen,  S.  W.  and  G.  H.  Pond,  were  the  first 
missionaries  to  settle  in  the  Territory.  They 
came,  in  1834,  from  Connecticut.  They  threw 
great  zeal  into  their  work,  laboring  equally  for 
the  good  of  the  white  man  and  the  red.  Their 
earnest  lives,  their  Christian  example  and  instruc- 
tion came  to  exercise  an  important  moulding  in- 
fluence on  the  moral  and  religious,  and  also  on 
the  material  fortunes  of  the  State.  Setting  out  as 
they  did,  without  the  patronage  of  any  mission- 
ary association,  theirs  may  be  called  a  purely 
Christian  enterprise.  S.  "\V.  Pond,  by  coiTes- 
pondence  from  Illinois,  where  he  was  located, 
with  his  brother,  Gideon  IL.  who  still  lived  in 
the  old  Connecticut  home,  plainied  this  private 
missionary  work. 

On  the  east  shore  of  Lake  Calhovui  they  built 
a  log  liouse.  This  was  the  first  house  erected  by 
a  private  citizen  within  the  county.  They  did 
the  work  witli  their   own   hands. 

These  men  were  simply  laymen  l)ut  had  been 
well  educated.  They  were  soon  at  work  pursu- 
ing acquaintance  with  the  Dakotas,  their  purpose 
being  to  secure  a  thorough  knowledge  of  their 
language  and  modes  of  life.  Mr.  Gideon  H. 
Pond  was  eminently  successful  in  this  and  ob- 
tained a  very  complete  knowledge  of.  and  was 
regarded  as  an  authority  on  Dakota  habits  and 
language.    With  this    in    view,  he    sometimes 


1711 


iiisToiiY  (IF  i/EXXErix  cocxr): 


allaclied  himself  to  their  Imntiiig  parties,  making 
long  expeditions  with  these  wild  tribes. 

Tlie  Dakotas  were  an  association  of  the  fiercest 
tribes  of  Xortli  American  Indians.  Tlie  Jesnit 
missionaries  had  long  before  abandoned  all 
attempts  to  tame  tlieir  wild  natnres.  Mr.  Pond 
lias  given  many  thrilling  accounts  of  the  devilish 
scenes  to  which  he  was  a  witness  in  the  battles 
between  the  Dakotas  and  Cluiipewas.  Similar 
.scenes.  re-eiia<'le(l  in  isu^.  wlini  wliitc  settlers 
were  the  victims  of  the  tomahawk  and  scalping 
knife,  liave  given  the  inlial)itaiits  of  .Minnesota 
a  just  abhorrence  of  the  Sioux  ainl  their  savage 
traits.  Men  are  still  living  who  liave  taken  an 
oatli.  as  sacred  as  the  iiiicienl  oaths  of  conspir- 
ators, sealed  with  lilood.  to  •■Hunt  (tnd  shool  Ind- 
ianx  }rliererfi-  tluu  riiiii/  be  foiiinL"  Though  we 
may  call  such  retaliation  nn-christian  and  even 
murderons.  let  each  man  lake  home  the  jirovoca- 
tion  and  imagine  similar  (lutragcs  perpetrated  r)ii 
his  own  family,  before  he  passes  judgment. 

Here  isa  scene  of  .\ugusl.  1.s:^n.  which  wasouc 
of  the  introductory  experiences  that  taught  Mi. 
Pond  the  character  of  this  fierce  |icii|ilc.  WC^ivr 
facts  condensed  from  Neills  account. 

Peace  and  friendly  inlercliaugcs  had  taken 
place  between  the  Cjiippewas.  or  ()jibwa\s.  of 
Canada,  and  the  Dakotas.  or  Sioux,  of  Minnesota. 
only  a  few  luoiillis  before  Ihc  blnnilv  acts,  here 
reported,  were  enacted.  This  fact  slious  the 
treacherous  character  of  the  tribes  and  how  little 
depeiuh-nce  could  be  placed  on  llic  MunUing  cil 
the  calumet.  Mr.  Pond  hail  joiucil  a  liunting 
party,  consisting,  accoidiiig  to  Indian  iiistom.  of 
braves,  sipiaws  and  )>a|iooses.  During  the  ab- 
sence of  Mr.  Pond  and  a  large  division  of  Die 
Indian  party,  several  Chippevvas  came  to  tlic> 
lodges,  and  were  hospitably  enlertained  and  Ireat- 
cil  with  Indian  luarUs  of  respect,  in  acc<U(laiic<' 
with  the  spirit  of  the  existing  tiealx.  During 
the  night,  the  guests  arose  and  sialped  the 
Dakotas.  even  including  wmuen  and  chilihcn. 
Among  the  few  to  escape  was  a  mother  with  her 
])apoose.  In  the  llight.the  child  perhaps  saved 
the  mother's  life,  for  it  leceived  the  death  missle 
that  might  have  proved  fatal  to  her.  .She  notified 
till-  other  division  of  the  party,  and  tlie>  ipiickly 
returned  to  witness  a  dreadful  sceni-.  Several 
harl  been  killed,  sleeping,  while  others  ha<l  evi- 
dently engageil  in  the  death  struggle.    .Mr.  Pond's 


eyes  were  here  opened  to  the  fierce  character  of 
the  people  whom  he  had  come  to  draw  by  cords 
of  love  to  embrace  the  "Gospel  of  jieace."  He 
assisted  in  digging  a  grave  into  which  they 
gathered  the  severed  limbs,  heads  and  mangled 
liodies  of  the  Dakotas.  .\s  he  turned  away, 
sickened,  fnmi  the  sight,  it  must  have  reipiired 
a  brave  heart  to  hold  him  to  his  work.  This  act 
of  bad  faith  began  ;i  serii's  of  similar  atrocities, 
undertaken,  mi  the  cnie  side  or  the  otlier.  by  Cliiii- 
pewa  or  Dakota,  in  retaliation.  In  some  of  these 
attacks,  the  while  settlers  were  also  sulTerers. 
Could  .Mr.  I'oud  ha\e  lookeil  forward,  about 
thirty  \ears.  and  seen  the  wholesale  slaughter  of 
18t>2.  perpetrated  by  these  same  savages,  who  were 
then  friendly  to  him  could  he  have  believed 
that,  after  the  labors  of  many  years,  both  by  him. 
.Mr.  Higgs.  Dr.  Williamson  and  a  host  of  others, 
sent  here  to  |ireach  the  (iospel — that  these  tribes 
would,  at  a  later  day.  break  out  with  greater 
ferocity  than  ever,  it  .seems  almost  certain  that 
lie  would  have  abandoned  his  work  as  the  .lesiiil 
uiissiouaries  had  done  before  him. 

It  seems  as  if  oiii'  go\  I'luuieiil  would  ne\ cr 
auaketoa  reali/.atiou  of  the  fact  that  thisanom- 
cil>  of  tribes,  having  governments  independent 
of  the  central  government  at  Washington,  can 
never  be]iroiluctive  of  good,  either  to  the  central 
government,  or  to  tlie  wheels  within  the  wheels, 
the  tribes  tliemselvt>s. 

Treaties  were  made  with  the  Ojibwasaiid  with 
the  Dakotas  in  1SH7.  That  with  the  Ojibwas  was 
effected  by  (iov.  Dodge  of  Wisconsin.  .Mthoiigh. 
by  the  terms  of  this  treatv .  the  right  of  the  Ind- 
ians to  the'  laud  ceased,  still  they  coutiuiieil  in 
roam  over  it  <U'  occupy  it  at  will,  iiniiiterrupteil 
by  the  government,  since  they  oflered  nohoslilit) 
to  the  whiles.  'I'lieir  1  ribal  wars,  however,  cou- 
tiiiued.  causing  at  times  great  uneasiness  and 
alanu  to  the  few  settlers.  We  gi\e  here  a  brief 
accijuul  (if 

ii\r;  1)1    I  111-;  n  \  i  ii.ks 

of  whieli  .Ml.  I'oud  speaks.  Ill  older  to  emphasize 
further  llie  leriMilv  of  the  tribes,  ami  because 
the  scene  was  laid  in  this  coiintN.  'I'lie  line  of 
painted  warriors  marched  over  what  is  now  the 
most  |>opiilons  part  ol  llie  exuulv .  holding  a  war 
council  w  ithiii  the  teiiitorv  now  covered  by  the 
city  of  .Minneapolis.      It  haiiiieiied  in  .Inly.  I881I. 


lyniAy  battlk;^  asd  Ai^ir  mi.^^.siusaiues. 


171 


There  was  a  Sioux  village  on  the  west  shore  of 
Lake  Calhoun  which,  from  its  lodges,  was  esti- 
mated to  contain  ahout  five  hniidred  sonls.  Tlieir 
old  enemies,  tlie  Chippewas,  were  encamped  in 
strong  force  further  north,  on  the  Hum  Hivei'. 
near  where  Anoka  now  stands,  and  so.  just  out- 
side the  limits  of  the  count?'.  The  distance  be- 
tween the  camps  was  ahout  twenty -five  miles. 
The  Chippewas  were  usually  the  aggressors  in  the 
tribal  wars  and  were,  according  to  our  judgment, 
more  tricky  and  more  ready  to  break  the  treaties, 
which  the  whites  liad  induced  thein  to  make 
with  each  other.  In  the  present  instance,  a  parly 
of  Chippewas.  skulking  in  the  \  icinity  of  the 
Sioux  village  at  Lake  Harriet.  eniM)untered  Hu- 
pa-co-ka-ma-za,  son  of  the  chief  and  nephew  of 
Redbird.  killed  and  scalped  him  and  made  good 
their  retreat.  The  murderous  act  was  at  once 
reported  at  the  village  and  the  Sioux  blood  was 
roused  to  white  heat  for  retaliation.  Sununon- 
ing  their  allies  from  neighboiing  villages,  ilie\ 
met  for  a  final  council  on  the  east  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  just  above  Nicollet  Island.  Tliev 
there  went  thro\igh  their  Indian  mummery  and, 
before  nightfall,  set  out,  four  hundred  strong, 
to  make  a  night  march  and  fall  <in  their  enemies 
at  dawn. 

The  expedition  was  successsful.  They  sur- 
prised and  defeated  a  liody  of  Cliippewas.  su^ierior 
to  them  in  number  of  warriors.  The  Sioux,  how- 
ever, lost  heavily  and  Hedbird  and  his  son  were 
amcuig  the  slain.  One  squaw  is  reported  to  ha\e 
attended  tlie  marcli  of  the  avengers,  to  wreak  on 
the  enemy  vengeance  for  the  death  of  her  hus- 
band. They  retiu'ued  to  the  village  about  night, 
the  da\  of  the  battle.  Seventy  scalps  were  dis- 
played on  the  pole  in  the  centre  of  the  village  as 
soon  as  they  returned.  Xight  after  night.  the\ 
repeated  the  scalp  dance.  Mr.  Pond,  who  lived 
on  the  other  side  of  the  lake,  described  their 
orgies  as  the  mo.st  heathenish  and  demoniacal 
ceremonies.  They  made  night  hideous  for  the 
few  white  settlers. 

It  is  humiliating  to  admit  that  Ihiswasenacleil 
within  the  territory  of  the  United  Stales  and 
under  United  States  jurisdiction,  within  the 
memory  of  many  men  now  living.  How  niui-h 
more  liumilialing  to  admit  that  sucli  scenes  are 
repeated  to-day  among  tlie  many  tribes  whom  it 
pleases  our  government  to  recognize  as  independ- 


ent. The  solution  of  the  difticult  Indian  question 
ought  to  be.  what  of  late  has  been  offered  to  the 
Poncas.  viz..  the  homestead  right  with  an  added 
provision,  reciniring  the  breaking  up  of  these 
lawless  bands,  rendering  every  Indian  amenable, 
like  other  citizens  to  the  laws,  whose  protection 
he  enjoys  and  whose  bounty  lie  receives. 

Ni;W    MI>MI>N'.\1!IES. 

He\ .  Thomas  S.  Williamson,  M.D.,  a  native  of 
South  Carolina  and  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Col- 
lege, Pennsylvania,  who  had  been  practicing  med- 
icine in  Ohio  previous  to  his  ordination  as  a  cler- 
gyman, was  sent  out  by  the  American  Board  of 
( 'onunissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  The  Board 
desired  to  learn  tluough  him  if  they  had  any  call 
tor  labor  here.  His  report  induced  them  to  send 
to  his  assistance  Kev.  J.  D.  Stevens,  a  native  of 
New  York,  and  Alexander  Iluggins.  a  farmer, 
with  their  wives,  also,  as  tea<'hers.  Miss  Sarah 
Poage  and  Miss  I^iucy  Stevens..  This  band  of 
recruits  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling,  in  1835,  and 
dui-ing  that  sunnner  Dr.  Williamson  organized  a 
Presbyterian  cluu-cli  at  the  fort.  Uev.  Mr. 
Steveus  located  and  built  his  Ikuisc  at  Lake  Har- 
riet, near  the  jiroperty  of  Eli  Pettijohn.  The 
rest  of  the  party  set  out  for  the  post  of  the  trader- 
Kenville,  and  lo<-ated  at  Lac  ([in  Paile.  The 
Ponds  soon  joined  hands  with  the  new  comers 
and  the  work  went  on  prosiierously.  having  the 
support  of  the  American  lioanl  of  Commission- 
ers for  Foreign  ^lissions. 

In  the  summer  of  lS3o,  on  the  second  Sabbath 
in  June,  the  organization  of  the  church  at  Fort 
Snelling  took  place,  the  llrst  in  Heiniepin  county. 
The  communion  was  administered  on  the  same 
day.  for  the  first  time  in  Minnesota.  Twenty- 
two  members  recieved  the  sacred  emblems.  The 
missionaries  from  the  lake,  a  few  settlers  from 
.Xb'iidota  and  some  of  the  garrison  of  the  fort 
made  up  this  ninnber.  The  elders  of  the  church 
were  Col.  tiustavus  Looinis,  Hon.  H.  H.  Sibley. 
then  a  young  man  in  charge  of  the  trading  post 
at  Mendota.  A.  (J.  Huggins  and  S.  W.  Pond. 

The  F^irst  Presbyterian  church  in  Mimieapolis. 
of  which  D.  M.  Stewart.  1).  1)..  is  jiastor.  is  a 
continuation  or  perpetuation  of  the  old  church  at 
the  fort.  It  was  reorganized  in  Minneapolis 
May  'Md.  IHoS.  but  elates  its  lirst  organization  at 
Fort  Snelling.  June    Itlb.    Is;^.-"..     In   1S37.  Hev. 


172 


HISTORY  OF  IIEXXi:rjy  COUXTY. 


Stephen  H.  Biggs,  a  gra<luate  of  the  same  college 
as  Dr.  'Williamson.  Jefferson  College.  Pennsylva- 
nia, canip  witli  liis  wife  to  strengthen  the  mission. 

In  the  sunmipr  of  is.'^.i.  IJev.  J.  I).  .Stevens,  with 
the  assistance  of  the  Messrs.  Pond,  bnilt  a  house 
in  tlie  wmids  on  the  west  sliore  of  Lake  Harriet. 
In  this  house,  in  tlieautunm  of  that  year,  a  daugli- 
ter  was  born  to  Mr.  Stevens,  tlie  first  white  child 
born  in  tliis  vicinity.  In  the  spring  of  1836. 
Gideon  II.  Pond  returned  to  Connecticut,  wliere 
he  reniaiiK'il  a  year,  and  returned  an  ordained 
clergyman.  He  remained  at  the  Lake  Harriet 
Mission  several  years  after  liis  return.  Hev.  Mr. 
Uiggs.  wlio  joined  the  mission,  as  staled,  in  1837, 
moved  to  Lac  i)ui  Parle  in  tlie  autumn  of  the 
same  year.  .Mr.  Stevens  remained  only  to  the 
following  fall.  1838.  when  he  moved  to  Wabaslia 
Prairie  as  Indian  farmer. 

The  sulise(juent  settlement  of  Henneiiin  coun- 
ty was  princii)ally  from  the  good  old  New  Eng- 
land stock  by  men  who  came  to  establish  family 
altars  and  build  churclies. 

New  Knglanders  have  been  lalli'd  tlie  "  Salt 
of  llie  Earth"  in  wlialever  state  tliey  liave  located. 
They  have  given  tone  to  society  and  niodilied 
the  government,  the  religion  and  tlic  politics. 
The  men  have  been  men  of  iilnck  and  spirit,  aiul 
the  women  strong  minded  enough  to  assert  their 
imsition  and  maintain  the  right,  and  the  rites 
they  brouKlit  fnim  the  ICast.  They  have  been 
the  salt  of  -Minnesota.  In  fact,  to  follow  out  the 
figure  chemically,  salts  of  all  kinds,  when  dif- 
fused, or  held  in  solution,  tend  to  crystali/.e  in 
certain  fixed  furms.  So  it  is  with  the  New  Eng- 
landei-s.  Tlieir  enterprise  carries  1  hem  to  every 
state.  They  are  found  dillused  tlirough  all 
societies.  Wherever  Ihey  .settle,  blood  tells,  prin- 
ciple pri'vails.  they  ciyslallize  in  New  j'jigland 
forms.  We  have  New  England  forms  of  society. 
edncatiiiii  ■aiu\  religion,  New  England  wives, 
mothers  and  New  England  homes.  In  the  <'ity 
ipf  .Minneapolis  alone  thi'ie  arc  lifly-one  cliuiclies 
and  litty-eigbl  cliiiri'h  (irganizalions. 

Till-  amliitiniis  strife  for  s)ileii<ior  in  cliiii'cli 
architecture  is  as  infectious,  to  say  tlie  least,  as 
the  more  homely  (hhmI  Samaritan  doctrines 
wliicli  the  vaulted  roofs  were  built  to  disseminate. 
This  infection  has  reacheil  this  new  country.  It 
fxliibils  itsidf  ill  models  of  architecliiie.  alreaily 
completed.  aii<l  in  vast  jiiles  imw  rising  to  be- 
come rival  striK'tures. 


(■II.M'THH   XXXII. 

E.^KLY  SETTLER.S— AGRICULTITRE — NEW  SET- 
TLERS —  THE  RESERV.\TION  —  THE  EQf.VL 
RIOHT  AND  IMPAKTl.^L  PROTECTION  CLAI.M 
ASSOCIATION  OK  HENNEI'lN  C'OfNTY.  M.  T. — 
GROWTH — N.\MES  OF  THE  OLDER  SETTLERS 
—  EXTENDING  AND  MI^LTIPLYING  SETTLE- 
MENTS—FINAN(I.\L   riKlORESS. 

Churches  can  not  grow  taster  than  population 
conies  to  build  and  supinirt  them.  We  must 
now  sec  who  the  settlers  were,  that  came  in  to 
build  up  the  churches  and  establish  industries  to 
sustain  them.  The  foundation  of  all  industries 
is  AyrirKllKir.  The  cultivation  of  the  soil  is  the 
only  emiiloyment  that  is  directly  creative  of 
wealth.  The  farmer  takes  a  i)iece  of  land  which 
yielded  nothing  without  care.  His  care  makes  it 
liroductive  of  hundreds  of  dollars  each  year.  In 
other  words,  he  creates  value  from  what  was  val- 
ue-less.while'every  other  industry  riinhihiitcs  vithir 
to  the  country  by  changes  which  it  effects  in  the 
material  furnislied.  Minnesota  has  come  to  be 
acknowledged  as  lln  wheat  growing  state  of  the 
I'liion. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  note  the  growth  of 
agriculture  in  this  ccmnty.  and  see  who  the  early 
settlers  were,  that  came  to  develop  it. 

As  migratory  birds.  Hying  both  north  and 
.south  over  the  State,  stop  here  on  their  way  from 
the  iioilli.  and  again,  at  the  iiroiier  .season,  com- 
ing from  the  south,  .give  us  a  call,  so  it  has  been 
with  the  settlers.  They  have  dropjied  in  on  us 
bciili  111  1111  the  north  and  from  the  south.  Curi- 
ousl>.  the  first  settlers  came,  like  the  fall  feath- 
ered visitors.  I'mni  the  ikuIIi.  They,  however, 
only  stoii))ed  to  oil  their  iiluniage.  and  moved  on 
south.  Our  subseipient  settlers  came  mainly 
fmm  the  east,  or  farther  south,  and  came  to  Stay. 
We  shall  .see  who  both  <-lasses  were  as  the  cliaiiler 
advances.     The  early  attempts  at  agricuUiue  in 

I  leiiiiepiii  mix   were  iinl  cliaracleri/.eil  by  those 

features  that  mark  llic  beginnings  in  cimntries  or 
.states,  beariiiu;  earlier  dales  of  settlement.  We 
cannot  entertain  the  reader  by  descriptions  o!' 
crude  implements  such  as  w<iodeii  plows,  but 
must  admit  that  our  pioneers  were  blessed  with 
many  of  the  niodein  inipidveinents  of  .scientilic 
farming. 


THE  SWISS  COLONY  AND  NEW  SETTLEES. 


173 


We  can  only  claim  for  the  first,  courage  to  try  the 
experiment  of  farming  in  so  inclement  a  climate, 
during  so  short  a  season  as  the  summer  was  found 
to  continue. 

Lieut.  Camp  was  called  plucky,  for  testing  it, 
but  his  first  attempt  proved  successful.  lie  made 
the  experiment,  in  1823.  at  Fort  Snelling.  His 
success  was  very  important  to  the  future  of  the 
State,  for,  though  several  years  passed,  before  the 
example  was  followed  by  others,  Plnlander 
Prescott,  employed  as  Indian  farmer,  imdertook 
farming,  near  Lake  Calhoiui.  This  was  in 
1830,  and  the  first  plowing,  outside  the  fort. 
Soon  after,  others  followed.  Tlie  settlers  from  the 
■north,  came  in  1826.  A  colony,  forced  from  their 
first  settlement,  near  Hudson  Bay,  by  an  unusual 
flood,  settled  under  the  protecting  wmg  of  Fort 
Snelling.  This  colony  embraced  only  Swiss.  Tlie 
names  of  a  few  of  them  given  are  Perry,  Garvais 
and  Massey.  Perry  is  described  as  a  great  owner 
of  cattle,  and  was  called,  in  consequence,  the 
"  Abraham "'  of  this  region.  The  purpose  of  gov- 
ernment Military  Posts  seems  to  have  been  inter- 
preted in  one  way  by  these  settlers,  and  in  (piite 
another  by  the  oflicers  of  the  government.  These 
settlers  accused  the  oflicers,  of  the  tV)rt,  of  exerci- 
sing arbitrary  and  tyrannical  power,  and  thus 
frustrating  one  purpose  of  a  fort,  viz.,  affording 
protection  and  encouragement  to  settlers.  This 
view  was  sustained  by  subsequent  settlers,  who. 
like  these  Swiss,  wished  to  settle  as  squatters  on 
the  reservation.  The  oflii>er.s  of  the  fort.  Iiow- 
ever,  had  definite  orders  from  the  United  States 
Marshal,  to  remove  squatters  from  the  Fort 
Snelling  Reserve.  In  accordance  with  this  order, 
instead  of  fostering  this  colony,  they  subjected 
them  to  persecution,  even  proceeding  so  far  as  to 
burn  their  buildings.  At  last,  in  183(3-7,  they 
were  compelled  to  abandon  lands  where  they  had 
made  their  homes  for  aliout  ten  years.  ^Ir.  Perry 
moved  to  the  present  site  of  St.  Paul,  taking  his 
cattle  with  him.  and  remained  there  until  his 
death.  Some  moved  to  otlier  points  in  tliis  terri- 
tory, and  others  to  the  territory  of  Wisconsin. 
Such  treatment  of  emigrants  who  settled  near  the 
fort,  operated  to  discourage  rapid  settlement. 

NEW   SETTLERS. 

The  arrival  of  Col.  John  II.  Stevens,  with  a 
party  of  settlers,  in  April,  1849,  was  an  important 


event.  Col.  Stevens  was  the  first  settler  in  Min- 
neapolis. The  party,  consisting  of  ten,  stopped 
first  at  St.  Paul,  but  soon  set  out,  on  foot,  to  ex- 
amine the  Canaan  of  their  hopes,  determined  to 
make  this  their  future  home.  Dr.  William  Dyer, 
a  young  physician,  who  subsequently  became  dis- 
tinguished in  his  profession,  Alfred  Courtwright, 
a  successful  teacher,  and  seven  farmers,  with  the 
Colonel,  constituted  the  party. 

When  they  reached  Fort  Snelling,  they,  like  all 
their  predecessors,  coveted  tlie  forbidden  fruit — 
the  land  in  the  reservation.  They  pressed  on, 
however,  and  were  fully  satisfied  to  settle  at  St. 
Anthony,  where  the  land  was  open  for  occupancy. 
Only  two  of  tliis  famous  party  remained  to  wit- 
ness the  subsequent  marvellous  growth  of  this 
county,  but  from  them  we  learn,  the  country 
charmed  them,  beyond  any  thing  they  had  ever 
seen.  They  forgot  their  fatigue  in  admiration  of 
the  view  before  them.  The  inroads  of  civilization, 
at  that  time,  were  too  few  to  change  materially 
the  iirimeval  character  of  the  scenery.  On  the 
government  reservation,  on  the  west  bank,  was 
the  old  mill,  and  here  and  there  a  log  house  on 
the  east  side.  These  were  the  only  marks  of  civ- 
ilization on  the  scene.  The  scenery  aljont  the 
falls  seems  to  have  attracted  and  delighted  the 
visitors  as  much  in  its  original  beauty,  as  it  does 
now.  in  its  practical  usefulness. 

The  Colonel  could  not.  however,  become  satis- 
fled  so  long  as  he  saw  the  fair  lands  on  the  other 
side  of  the  river.  He  and  many  others  were  im- 
patient at  the  restricti<in  on  locating  upon  and 
improving  these  tempting  lands.  By  some  means, 
the  restriction  was  removed  in  favor  of  a  few, 
among  whom  was  Col.  Stevens,  who  then  occupied 
claims  within  the  reservation.  The  occupancy  of 
such  settlers,  however,  was  like  that  of  the  early 
settlers,  the  Swiss,  from  the  north,  simply  that  of 
squatters.  Col.  Stevens  Iniilt  a  log  house  in  the 
whiter  of  1849.  and  occupied  it,  with  his  family, 
as  soon  as  it  was  completed.  He  was,  as  stated 
above,  the  first  settler  in  Minneapolis.  A  few 
months  later,  Calvin  A.  Tuttle,  and  soon  Mr. 
Miller,  leaving  the  east  side,  joined  Mr.  Stevens, 
and  built  houses  near  him. 

In  the  spring  of  18.50,  C.  C.  Garvey  took  a  claim 
adjoining  Col.  Stevens  on  tlie  south.  The  settle- 
ment soon  had  added  to  its  numbers,  Dr.  L. 
Fletcher,  John  Jackins,  Edward  Murphy,  Judge 


174 


ifi.sTdUY  or  iiKWErix  coiwrv. 


Hassett,  Charles  Iloa;;,  .loseiih  11.  (aiiney.  and 
others.  Their  cabins  were  scattered  (iver  what 
is  now  Miniieai>(>lis.  at  intervals  of  lialf  a  mile  or 
more.  They  ha<l  no  churches.  Their  sjiiritiial 
food  was  fiii-nislii'd  li>  lircsiilc  iiistiui-tinn.  unless. 
which  often  happened.  l!ev.  (iidcon  11.  I'mid.  or 
some  one  of  the  missionaries,  preached  al  the 
honse  of  Tol.  Stevens.  Camps  of  Indians  were 
often  made  in  their  vicinity,  cansing  interest  and 
excitement,  even  thonsh  they  created  no  alarm. 
Still,  they  were  always  thievish  i)rowlers.  even 
when  professing  the  greatest  friendship.  .V  ner- 
vous woman  might  often  lie  startleil  hy  seeing 
the  nose  of  an  Indian  ur  sipiaw  llaltened  against 
the  window  jiaiie. 

rill-;    i;i;si:i;\  A  riDN. 

It  iMiist  he  liiiriie  in  mind.  that,  at  this  time,  a 
reservation  of  land  for  military  purposes,  made 
hy  a  treaty  of  the  I'nited  States  government  with 
the  Indians.  In  isil-').  throngh  (Jen.  I'iUe.  existed. 
coveringall  the  tenltnry.  from  the  junction  of  the 
.\Iissl.ssl|ipl  and  .MInuisota  rivers,  the  site  of  Fort 
Snelling.  up  to  and  ineluding  tire  falls  of  St. 
Anthony,  e.xtendiug  nine  miles  each  side  of  the 
river.  This  extensive  reservation  Inclndcil  many 
thousand  acres,  much  mo)'c  land  than  was  neces- 
sary for  military  i)urposes.  It  was  seen.  li>  ex- 
l>loiei'S.  to  he  very  valnahle.  and  covetous  eyes 
were  lixed  njion  it.  ."^cpiatlcrs  took  i>ossesslon.  as 
they  have  often  done  of  land  unsurveyed  hy  gov- 
ernment, trusting  that  when  it  came  Into  market, 
their  rights,  as  on  lanils  not  military,  would  he 
resix'clecl.  In  this,  however,  they  were  destined 
to  meet  dlsap|Miintiucnt.  The  govenunent  liail 
thrown  ever\  i>ossllile  olislacle  In  the  way  of  their 
ohtalnhig  a  foothold,  fiom  the  first,  and  now  jiro- 
ceeded  with  the  u^ual  formalities  of  sale.  The 
lOals  were  to  he  forwarded,  on  a  certain  day.  from 
Washiugt'in.  when  llie  sales,  of  laud  llMrein  de- 
scrihed.  would  take  plai-e,  al  pnhlie  anitlon.  to  the 
highest  lildder. 

Such  sales,  howevei-.  would  have  licen  ruinous 
to  those  who  had  ocrnpii'ii  elalnis.  and  made  iui- 
lirovcmenls.  in  full  exiieclalloii  of  the  final  right 
of  prc-emi>tlon,  and  entry  al  Ihe  usual  govern- 
ineiit  jirice.  There  existed,  too.  a  tacit  agreement 
helween  the  sipiatters  and  Ihe  oHicersof  the  fort, 
that,  on  the  one  side,  there  slioulil  In'  im  interfer- 
ence with  their  occuiialion.  and.  nii    llie  other. 


there  sliiiiild  he  a  di\isiiiu  of  spoils,  in  case  the 
linal  decision  should  lie  in  their  favor. 

S|>eculators  were  on  the  alert.  They  assembled 
III  considerable  lunuhers  at  St.  I'aiil.  Intending  to 
liid  on  the  claims.  This  led  to  the  following  or- 
ganlzatioii  among  the  settlers  for  luiitiial  )irntec- 
tioTi  : 

Till-:  i:(;i  Ai.  Hu.irr  and  impak  iiai.  i'uuiKcTKJN 

II. AIM    ASSOCl  AllIlN   111     IIKNNKl'IN   CO..  .M.  T. 

The  settlers  on  the  reservation  had  no  inten- 
tion of  sitting  idly  hy  and  seeing  their  homes  .-old 
to  intnideis:  neither  did  they  imriiose  to  bill  on 
them,  themselves,  above  the  usual  lu'e-emption 
(irice.  one  dollar  and  twenty -five  cents  per  acre. 
Ill  this  dilenuiia  tlie\  called  a  meeting  and  estab- 
lislied  this  ]>and  League.  This  was  an  associa- 
tion nf  claimants  on  the  reservation,  organized  to 
jirotect  their  interests  by  force,  if  need  be.  In  a 
word,  they  projiosed  to  do  all  the  bidding,  on  the 
lands  put  iii>  at  aiiclion.  themselves,  and  to  make 
II  liuiMissihle  for  an>  venturesome  specnlatoi'  to 
put  in  a  connler  hid.  The  association  nnmhered 
one  liiiiidred  and  Iw  eiity-li\  e  nieinhcrs.  They 
aiipointc'd  Thomas  \\.  I'elrce  as  bidder  for 
all  menilieis  of  the  league.  The  remainder 
were  to  stand  aniiiiiil.  to  iutiinldate.  If  a 
speculator  should  not  he  intiniidated,  but  force 
himself  in  as  a  bidder.  Ihe  nuMuliers  were 
to  snndiJiid  lilni.  and  hustle  liiin  out  of  range 
of  the  sales.  This  plan  was  fully  matured, 
and  would  donlitless.  have  lii-cn  c-arried  out  to 
the  letter:  for  the  si>eculalors  found  the  scpiat- 
Icrs  I'c.solute.  and  sustained  by  i)uhlic  opinion. 
and  ll  was  more  lliMii  Intinialecl.  that  the  militia. 
It  called  on.  would,  likewise,  side  with  the  set- 
tlers. The  speculators  apiiealed  to  (iovernor 
\\'lllls  A.  (oirnian.  for  siii)))ort  at  the  coming  .siile, 
.■uid  askcci  It  the  troops  could  he  called  out.  The 
(ioNcrnor  iironilsed  I  lie  troops,  but  inlinialcd  that 
he  should  Instruct  them  how  to  load.  ■  How 
shall  Villi  Instruct  them  to  load,  (iovernory"  askecl 
a  spccMilalor.       ■  liiaiik.  Ii_\  !"  replied  the  (iov- 

cinor.  The  speculators  look  the  hint  and  the 
lirst  op)iortiniil\  to  leave.  It  is  prohahle,  that 
llils  plan  of  luillclo/lng  would  have  succeeded, 
had  not  another  escape  ofl'cicd. 

I'ortunatcly,  a  better  method  occiiircd.  I'he 
plats  did  not  arrive  from  Washington.  In  lime  for 
the  advertised  sale,  ami  it   was.  necessarily.  )iost- 


BEDVCTIOy  OF  THE  BESEMVATION. 


iTo 


poned.  Seizing  the  opportunity,  afforded  liy  this 
delay,  a  delegation  of  citizens  was  sent  to  Wasli- 
ington,  to  i)rotest  against  the  measure.  l)v.  .V. 
E.  Ames,  Fra(jl<:lin  Steele.  Judge  ileeker.  II.  T. 
Welles,  and  others,  were  delegates.  Tliey  left 
home  on  the  itth  of  October.  l.s.")4.  The  eonunis- 
sioner  of  the  general  land  office  infoiined  them, 
on  application  at  his  oHice.  in  Washington,  that 
the  lands  must  he  sold  to  the  highest  l)idder.  ac- 
cording to  the  previous  notice,  to  comply  with 
the  law.  On  appealing,  however,  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  a  stay  of  proceedings  was  oli- 
tained.  until  the  assembling  of  Congress. 

Dr.  Ames  spent  most  of  the  winter  in  Wash- 
ington, and  oil  the  Hth  of  JSIarch,  185o,  started 
for  home.  lie  was  successful  in  his  undertaking. 
A  bill  passed  Congress,  iji  consequence  of  his  en- 
deavors, reducing  the  reservation,  and  allowing 
settlers  the  usual  privileges  of  goveriunent  land 
entries.  Commissioner  Wilson  made  Dr.  .\mes 
the  messenger,  to  convey  to  the  land  office 
in  .Minnesola.  tlir  laws  and  regulations, 
under  which  the  subsequent  entries  weie 
made.  The  general  government  had  learned, 
liy  a  i)ainful  experience,  and  under  similar  cir- 
cumstances, in  New  York  State,  where  the  set- 
tlers on  the  Holland  i)urchase  condiined.  and  in 
Wisccnisin,  where  the  Fox  River  settlers  coni- 
biTied.  and  in  other  states,  that  men  united  for 
nnilual  protection,  must  be  resjx'cted. 

The  poor  doctor  came  near  i]aying  dearly  for 
his  success.  \n  Arctic  storm  caught  liim.  just 
on  the  threshold  of  his  home,  in  southern  Miuiie- 
aiiolis.  and  he  nearly  perished  with  cold. 

The  news  of  the  reduction  of  tlie  reservation 
had  reached  home  before  him.  and  a  general  rush 
for  locations  followeil.  In  .\pril  and  ,Ma\ .  18.>), 
the  settlers  were  able  to  "■  prove  up""  and  ol>taiu 
title  to  their  lands.  Thus  ended,  in  a  (juiet  and 
orderly  way,  what  might  have  jiroved  a  danger- 
ous and  even  bloody  disturbance.     Now  begins 

THE    GROWTH    OK    HEXXEPIX    L'OT'NTY. 

The  lands  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  outside 
the  reservation,  had  been  taken,  and  the  previ- 
ous settlement  was  on  that  side.  The  rapid  im- 
migration, and  the  prospective  value  of  lands  on 
the  west  side,  led  to  warm  contests  among  the 
the  conrticting  claimants.  litigations  followed 
in  great  numbers,  furnishing  to  lawyers  fat  fees, 


their  first  golden  harvest.  The  rapid  influx  of 
is.5.5.  was  the  natural  conse(pience  of  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  reservation.  The  attractive  lands  on 
the  west  side,  had  long  tantalized  the  immigrants 
as  well  as  the  older  settlers  on  the  river. 

Before  our  dates  advance  further,  let  us  look 
back  at  a  few  of  the 

XA5rES    0|-     rUK    OI.DEK    SETTLEUS. 

Lieut.  .1.  H.  F.  Kussell,  acting  Q.  M.  of  the 
regular  army  at  Fort  Snelling.  who  built  the  old 
government  mill  and  the  house  near  by,  in  1822. 

B.  F.  r.aker.  long  the  principal  fur  trader,  in 
what  is  now  known  as  Hennepin  county.  He 
was  a  famous  man  in  trade  and  in  the  chase.  He 
built  the  stone  part  of  the  St.  Louis  House,  near 
Fort  Siu'lHng.  which  was  burned  several  years 
since. 

Peter  t^uinn  located  here  in  ]S'SA.  and  had  su- 
pervision of  the  Indian  farms.  He  came  from 
the  fur  company  of  I^alirador  to  Pendiina  and 
liiuilly.  to  thiscoiuits. 

Samuel  .1.  Finley,  son-in-law  of  Quiun,  came 
with  him.  Claims  at  St.  Anthony,  occupied  by 
Peter  Quinn.  Finley  and  one  Joseph  Keachi.  a 
Canadian  voyageur,  were,  subseipieutly.  jmr- 
chased  by  J'rauklin  Steele. 

Xext  comes  an  important  person,  whose  name 
has  tigui'ed  in  the  pidilic  affairs  of  this  county, 
J.  1!.  Drown,  lie  took  a  claim  near  the  mouth  of 
.Minnehaha  Creek,  in  1N2I>.  His  was  the  tirst 
claim  williin  the  present  limits  of  the  county. 
He  abandoned  it.  however,  four  years  later,  with- 
out nnich  improvement. 

Leaping  over  a  few  years,  to  1887,  we  tind  two 
very  imixirtant  names,  Franklin  Steele  and  Mar- 
tin Mcl^eod.  The  former  nnide  a  claim  on  what 
is  now  a  part  of  the  East  Division  of  Minneapolis, 
and  built  a  small  log  house  near  the  corner  of 
Second  Avenue  South  and  Main  street.  Two 
other  log  cabins  were  built  the  same  year,  one 
above  and  one  below. 

Martin  McLeod  came  by  the  northwest  plains, 
from  the  Hudson  Bay  colonies  of  Selkirk,  to  Lac 
Traverse.  In  company  with  him.  in  this  rash 
expedition,  were  Capt.  J.  Pays,  foi'merly  of  the 
Polish  army,  and  Richard  Hays,  an  Irishman. 
The  parly  had,  for  a  guide,  Pierre  Bottineau, 
whose  name  has  become  familiar,  as  a  resident  of 
St.  -Vntliony.     His  two  companions  perished  in 


176 


HISTOBY  OF  HEXNEPiy  COUXTY, 


the  snow,  near  Cheyeiuie  Hiver.  but  he  made  his 
waj',  with  the  guide,  to  tlie  house  of  J.  K.  Brown, 
iiavinf;  been  live  days  witliout  food,  and  twenty- 
six  days  without  .seeing  any  one  except  liis  party. 
The  liospitable  reception  of  Mr.  Brown  was  fully 
appreciated,  we  may  sui)]iose.  after  the  hardships 
of  tlie  previous  twenty-six  days  on  snow-slioes. 

H.  P.  Kussell  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling.  in  1839. 
He  made  tlie  jo\u-ney  from  Lake  Pepin,  on  foot, 
suffering  much  U\nn  want  of  food.  Alexander 
(iraliam  acted  as  liis  guide.  Mr.  Kussell  is  still 
living.  His  present  residence  is  on  Hennepin 
Avenue,  near  Twenty-eighth  street. 

The  development  of  Minnesota  began  in  18.'!4. 
During  this  year,  H.  H.  Sibley,  came  out  as  part- 
ner of  the  American  Fur  Company,  to  superin- 
tend their  inteiests,  from  Lake  Pepin  to  the  Can- 
ada line.  II.  M.  Kice,  X.  W.  Kittson,  Edmund 
Rice,  I).  Ohnstead,and  others,  came  soon  after 
Mr.  Sibley,  and  became  identified  with  the  pro- 
gress and  growth  of  the  material  interests  of  the 
state.  Their  names  arc  found  on  the  map  of  the 
.state,  attached  to  counties  and  townships,  that 
have  thus  attenijitcd  in  honor  their  memories. 

Tlie  treaty  with  the  Chippcwas.  which  was  ef- 
fected liy  (ioveruor  Dodge,  of  Wisconsin,  in  18.S7. 
ceding  the  |iiue  valley  of  the  St.  Croix  and  its 
tributaries,  to  the  I'nited  States,  greatly  accele- 
rated the  development  which  liegaii  three  years 
previous.  During  the  same  year.  also,  a  deputa- 
tion of  Dakotas,  at  Wasliington.  ceded  all  their 
lands  lying  east  of  tlie  Mississipiii.  These  things 
opened  the  way  to 

EXTKNDINO  ASn  .MU I/rUM.YlKG  SETTLEMENTS. 

liliidiiiiiiiiliiii  was  (irst  settled  in  IH.jI-2,  by 
\Villiani  Chaiubcrs,  .Joseph  Dcaii  and  Reuben  15. 
(iibsoii.     They  scttlcil  above  .Nine  .Mile  Creek. 

E(J/ii  J'rairii  was  tirst  settle(l  in  l«-')i;.  by  Da- 
vid l.,iviiigston.  Hiram  .\bbott,  the  Mitchells,  and 
otiiers. 

Hiihfidd  was  settled  in  18.j:i,by  .Mark  iialdwiii. 
Samuel  Stoiigh,  and  8.  S.  Crowell. 

Kxrihiiir  was  settled  in  IhoS,  by  a  colony 
of  about  forty  families,  under  tlie  guidance  of 
(Jeorge  Bertram.  Mr.  Uerlram  selected  the  site, 
on  the  south  side  of  Lake  Miiiiictoiika.  in  .Tune 
of  llie  previous  year.  After  the  iilautiiig  of  this 
large  and  prosi)erou8  colony,  the  set  til  men  I  i>i  the 
country  surioiiiidiiig  went  on  rapidlv. 


Early  in  1852.  Simon  Stevens  and  Calvin  A. 
Tuttle  visited  Minnetonka.  They  are  supposed 
to  be  its  lirst  white  visitors  since  1822.  lu  that 
year.  J.  H.  Brown.  .John  Snelliug,  Samuel  Wat- 
kins,  and  .Mr.  Stewart,  discovered  the  lake  while 
on  an  exi)loring  tour  through  this  part  of  the 
county.  Mr.  Stevens  made  a  claim  at  this  time, 
18o2.  just  below  the  outlet  of  the  lake,  aud 
built  the  first  saw-mill  in  Hennepin  county  west. 
During  the  year,  James  Shaver  settled  on  Second 
Lake,  and  in  December  following.  A.  E.  (iarri- 
son  and  a  Mr.  liobiiison  located  a  claim  at  the 
present  site  of  Way/.afa.  These  were  the  first 
.settlers  on  its  north  shore. 

Ill  February.  LS-V},  Stephen  Hull  built  the  lirst 
house  at  the  Xarrows.  In  April,  1853,  William 
Lithgrow  settled  near  the  upper  Lake.  He  was 
drowned  in  the  lake,  in  February.  18-34. 

Near  the  mouth  of  the  Crow  Hiver,  a  settlement 
was  begun  in  the  fall  of  1853,  by  E.  H.  Kobiuson 
and  Mr.  Baxter. 

We  have  thus  marked  a  few  of  the  nuclei  of 
settlement.  .Most  of  these  settlers  were  from 
New  Englaiiil.  'I'licir  early  training  and  eiluca- 
tioii  had  litteil  them  for  what  they  were  to  eii- 
coiuiter.  .Vround  these  centres  gathcreil  ilie 
rapidly  increasing  population.  Their  sterling 
qualities  and  jiatient  courage  attracted  settlers, 
as  iron  tilings  are  attracte<l  to  a  magnet.  Thus 
the  county  has  continued  to  lill  u|i.  In  Is.'j.i.  an 
estimate,  probalily  a  geiieroiis  one.  put  the  popu- 
lation at  2.00(1.  Ill  isso.  tlie  census  sliows  it 
66,o!iO.  It  is  admitteil  that  the  growth  of  the 
State  of  .Minnesota  lias  been  more  rapid  than  that 
of  any  otlier  state,  not  oiilx  in  populaliou.  Imt  in 
wealth,  education,  and  internal  iniprovenieuts. 
Ileiiuepiu  county  is  so  situated  that  it  ueccssa- 
ril>  partook  largely  of  this  womlerful  growth. 
Indeed,  the  enterprising  cliaiacler  of  the  settlers 
of  this  county  contiilmted  largely  to  the  iiiiex- 
ani|iled  growth  on  the  part  of  the  state. 

Much  is  often  saiil  of  the  power  of  that  genius 
in  i-ertain  iiien.  which  enables  them  to  foresee 
future  cities  on  barren  lainls.  immense  po.ssibili- 
ties  in  things  not  \el  developed.  This  jiower. 
however,  must  be  \alueless  without  the  magnetic! 
IKiwer  to  attract  men.  couibiiic  forci-s.  and  thus 
luddiice.  almost  create  the  result  sought.  The 
wiinilerful  growth  of  .Minneapolis  is  proof  enough 
ol'  tlie  character  of   the  men    who  lia\e   settled 


FINANCIAL  PROGBESS— MILLS. 


177 


here,  and  the  progress  throughout  the  county  has 
been  hirgely  due  to  the  progress  at  Minneapohs. 
The  organization  of  tlie  Hennepin  county  Ag- 
ricultiH'al  Society  took  place  in  1858.  Its  pur- 
]iose  was  to  encoiu'age  improvements  in  agricul- 
ture and  stock  in  the  county.  The  first  officers, 
aiipoinled  September  7tli.  18.53.  were,  J.  W.  Dow, 
President;  J.  II.  Canuey.  Secretary;  Col.  John 
n.  Stevens,  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee. Seconding  these  efforts  for  improvement. 
Col.  Stevens  imported  some  Devonshire  cattle,  at 
considerable  expense,  and  little  ultimate  profit  to 
himself.  These  efforts  led  to  and  initiated  the 
improvements  since  made  in  methods  of  agricid- 
ture  and  stock-raising  in  the  county. 

FIN.\NCIAL,    PKOOHESS. 

The  taxable  property  of  Hennepin  county,  in 
1862,  according  to  Goveronor  Ramsey's  message, 
was  S13,'529.  In  1880,  only  twenty-nine  years 
later,  the  official  records  show  the  assessed  valu- 
ation, $38,183,474.  From  the  records  of  1879,  are 
taken  the  following  statistics  :  Wild  Hay.  tons. 
26, 168  ;  Timotliy  Seed,  bushels,  109  ;  Apple  Trees, 
growing,  127,088  ;  Apple  Trees,  bearing,  20,99-5  ; 
Apples,  Irashels,  7,714 ;  Grape-vines,  bearuig, 
().o85;  (irapes,  lbs..  1.5,.510;  Strawberries,  qts.. 
29,586  ;  Tobacco,  lbs.,  913 ;  Maple  Sugar,  lbs., 
19,723;  Maple  Syrup,  gals.,  1,306;  Sheep,  num- 
ber sheared,  7.326;  "Wool,  lbs.,  496,272  ;  Cheese, 
lbs.,  4,66-5  ;  Bees,  number  of  hives.  878  ;  Honey, 
lbs.,  14,283;  Milch  Cows,  6,6-58;  other  Cattle, 
2,155;  Hogs,  6,888  ;  Horses,  7,717  ;  Mules.  211. 


CHAPTER   XXXIII. 

MILLS,  jrANUFACTORIES  AND  SETTLERS— MEANS 
OF  TRANSPORTATION  —  N.WIGATION — RAIL- 
ROADS— C+ENERAL  DESCRIPTION— RIVERS  AND 
LAKES— GEOLOGY  AND  MINERALOGY — SOIL 
AND  VEGETATION— ZOOLOGY— CLIM.VTE — ED- 
LTCATION. 

We  have  thus  far  named  those  settlers  who 
came  to  make  claims,  and  have  thus  become  iden- 
tified, more  or  Iess,with  the  agricultural  progress 
12 


of  the  county.  Other  inducements  Vnought  here 
another  class  of  settlers,  to  build  mills  and  inau- 
gurate manufactories.  The  Falls  of  St.  Anthony 
affords  the  greatest  and  most  available  water 
power  in  the  Ignited  States.  Resides,  there  are 
other  minor  falls  in  the  county,  utilized  to  some 
extent. 

The  first  improvement,  of  any  kind,  in  Henne- 
pin county,  consisted  in  the  building  of  the  old 
government  mill  and  a  house  near  it,  in  the 
spring  of  1822.  Lieut.  ,1.  B.  F.  Russell,  built 
them,  acting  in  his  capacity  of  Q.  M.  in  the  reg- 
ular army.     This  was  the  first  mill  in  Minnesota. 

In  July,  1847,  Wm.  A.  Cheever  bought  of  Mr. 
Steele,  on  the  east  side,  nine-tenths  of  the  water- 
power.  He  made  the  purchase  for  Eastern  cajii- 
taUsts,  among  whom  were  Robert  Rantoul  and 
Caleb  Cushiiig. 

Ard.  Godfrey  came  from  ^Maine.  in  the  fall  of 

1847,  to  build  Mr.  Steele's  mill.  John  McDonald 
and  Ira  Burroughs  came  at  the  same  time,  and 
were  engaged  in  the  same  enterprise.  Robert 
W.  Cummhigs,  Henry  Angell,  Capt.  John  Tap- 
per, and  William  Dugas  went  up  the  Swan  River 
to  cut  timber  for  the  new  mill.  Daniel  Stanch- 
field  took  another  party  and  opened  another  lum- 
bering camp,  on  Rum  River.     lu  the  spring  of 

1848,  the  mill  was  ready,  and  the  sawing  began. 
In  September,  two  saws  were  runinng.  The  set- 
tlers now  began  building  frame  houses.  The 
lumber,  from  the  mills.  hel|ied  on  the  settlement 
of  the  county. 

An  unusual  freshet  occurred  in  1849,  which 
swept  about  6,000,000  feet  of  logs  over  the  falls. 
Fortunately.  Mr.  Steele  had  about  2.000,000  feet 
on  the  upper  streams,  secure.  These  were 
brought  down,  and  the  mills  continued  runnhig. 

In  1852,  Simon  Stevens  built  the  first  saw-mill 
in  Hennepin  comity,  west,  on  the  claim  which  he 
took  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  ^linnetonka.  The 
building  of  saw-mills  was  the  initial  step  in  the 
great  milling  interests  of  this  county.  In  1848, 
tlie  enterprise  of  mill  building  took  a  start  from 
the  building  of  a  dam  from  Hennepin  Island  to 
the  east  shore,  and  locating  four  saw-mills  on  it. 
In  1856-7,  however,  the  two  great  incorporated 
companies,  that  now  control  the  power,  took  hold 
of  its  development.  '•  ZVic  St.  Anthony  Water 
Power  Onnpanif  took  control  of  the  water-power, 
from  the  centre  of  the  channel,  on  the  west  side 


178 


HISTORY  OF  HEIs^KEPIN  COUyTY. 


of  Hennepin  Island,  to  the  east  shore.  "  Tlie 
Miiinca2)oUs  Mill  Cow^jfoi^ "' took  control  of  the 
rciiiahRler.  viz.,  from  the  centre  to  the  west  shore. 
The  lumbering  estahlishnifnts  have  clone  more 
lor  the  gi-o\vth  of  Minneapolis,  and  Hennepin 
county,  than  any  other  industry.  The  future 
development  of  the  eounty  may  depend  on  other 
manufactories,  hut  the  past  must  give  the  credit 
to  lumber. 

In  1800,  four  years  later,  the  report  for  the 
whole  state  gives  562  manufacturing  establish- 
ments, with  S2.SSH.810.  capital  invested.  In 
1874,  Minneapolis,  alone,  produced  manufactured 
goods  to  the  amomit  of  Slo,OOO.OU().  The  last 
census,  1SS(I.  shows  that  Minneapolis  had.  in 
187!).  400  manufacturing  establishnienls.  employ- 
ing S8,()lo.2.")(»  capital,  7,723  bauds,  paying,  in 
wages.  ?3.t)ol.fi()8  annually,  using  18.972  horse- 
imwer.  water  and  steam  combined.  The  value 
of  mamifactured  goods  indduccd  in  1879,  was 
?29,473,424. 

The  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  furnish  a  water- 
power  with  a  fall  of  82  feet  and  a  width  of  1200 
feet.  It  is  caiialilc  of  driving  twenty  times  the 
present  establishments.  Tlie  companies  in  con- 
trol, are  ready  to  make  liberal  arrangements  with 
parties  bringing  capital  to  develop  further  the 
<-apa<-ily  of  the  falls.  Full  statistics  of  the  man- 
ufactures of  .MinneaiMilis  will  be  found  in  an- 
other chai)ter. 

MKANS   OK   TK.XN'SI'OH  TATKlN      N.WKiAI'KIN. 

For  several  years  alter  tlie  rajiid  growth  of 
Minneapolis  began,  the  (piestion  of  transportation 
was  a  vital  one.  Though  St.  I'aul  was  as  liigh  a 
p((int  as  the  large  steamers  ol  the  Mississijiiii 
coulil  reach  regularly,  tlirough  the  season,  it  was 
I'oMud  that  boats  coidd  reach  Miuueapolis  or  St. 
Anlhony.  as  tliat  part  of  the  city  was  then  called, 
during  a  part  of  the  season,  in  high  water,  and 
tliat  boats  of  light  draft  miglit  lie  de|)eiided  ui)on 
for  regular  transpoilation.  during  the  boating 
season.  It  will  not  be  possil)le.  in  this  outline 
liistory.  to  enter  into  the  details  of  the  disen.ssion 
which  continued  so  long  over  the  jxiint.  whether 
SI.  I'aul  or  Minneapolis  should  be  regarded  as 
the  heart  of  navigation  on  thc'  .Mississippi.  \\'e 
lan  only  meutiou  the  tacts  in  regard  to  the  at- 


■  tempts  to  navigate  the  river  to  Minneapolis,  and 
also,  on  the  upper  Mississipjii.  above  the  falls. 

The  first  steandioat  that  came  up  as  far  as 
Fort  Snelling.  arrived  at  Mendota  in  1823.  Du- 
ring the  same  year.  Major  Stephen  II.  Long 
explored  the  Minnesota  liiver.  and  the  northern 
frontier.  Beltrami,  an  Italian  refugee,  explored 
the  sources  of  the  Mississippi,  and  made  a  map  of 
the  country. 

The  first  navigatiou  of  the  river  ab(i\-e  Fort 
Snelliug,  must  date  from  the  arrival  of  the  La- 
martine.  Capt.  Marsh,  at  noon.  May  4th.  18.30. 
The  land  was  made  at  a  iioiut  opposite  what  we 
call  "  Bridal  "N'eil."  The  Captain  attempted  to 
force  his  boat  further  up  the  river,  but  was  un- 
aVile  to  stem  the  current.  May  7th.  three  days 
later,  the  "Anthony  Wayne."  Capt.  Rogers,  suc- 
ceeded in  forcing  her  way  up.  in  spite  of  the  ra|)id 
current,  and  landed  at  the  old  rafting  place,  near 
the  present  location  of  the  lower  or  iron  l)ridge. 
The  arrival  was  justly  regarded  as  a  great  event, 
as  the  (piestion  of  transportation  to  these  ui>per 
regions  was  beginning  to  assume  a  serious  nature. 
Speeches  were  made,  by  Governor  Ramsey  and 
other  leading  citizens.  The  band  played,  and  the 
occasion  was  duly  honored.  Later  in  the  season, 
during  the  same  year,  the  '-Lady  Franklin,'' 
('apt.  Smith  Harris. came  up  within  a  few  feet  of 
Spirit  Island.''  Turmnl  gracefully  about  and  drop- 
jied  down  to  the  landing." 

Business  men  now  determined  to  secure  regular 
communication.  They  were  liberal  in  furnishing 
mean:;  to  forward  the  plan,  and  the  result  of  their 
labors  was  the  establishment  of  a  line  of  steamers. 
On  the  islh  of  .luly.  18.')3.  the  ••  Hindoo."  a  liue 
steanu'rfrom  below,  landed  at  Cheever's  Flat,  ami 
afterwai'ds  made  regular  trips  to  tliis  imint. 

The  .Minnesota  Hivei-  was  also  navigateil  liy 
smaller  craft,  lusulllcient  as  this  meansof  coni- 
muuicalion  would  be  in  the  i)rcsent  advanced 
stage  of  our  growth,  it  i)erl'ornieil  an  iniportaut 
imrt  in  assisting  that  growth. 

NA\  K.AIHIN     AIIUN  !■:    IIIK    lAl.l.S. 

A  steamer  bearing  the  distinguished  name, 
"(iovernoi-  l{ainse>."  was  titled  n\<  b\  Cajitaiu 
John  Hollius.  in  ls")().  to  navigate  the  upper 
Mississii>iii.  The  trial  trip  si-cnis  to  have  been 
an  evcnliul  da\  in  the  coloiix.  It  took  place 
May  2."jlh.  1800,      She  lau  ui'  lo   Hauheld  Island, 


BAILBO ADS— GENERAL  DESCBIPTIOX. 


179 


about  eight  miles,  then  returned,  and  freiglited 
for  Sauk  Rapids.  Just  at  dark,  slie  left  the  land- 
ing for  her  first  trip.  She  ran  about  a  mile,  and 
tied  up  for  the  night.  The  next  day,  Sunday,  she 
ran  up  to  Sauk  Rapids,  discharged  her  cargo,  and 
returned  to  St.  Anthony  on  Monday.  She  made 
the  return  triji  in  exactly  seven  hours.  After 
this,  Capt.  RoUins  made  regular  trips,  touching 
at  intervening  jioints. 

KAILHOADS. 

The  year  1862  was  the  era  of  railroads.  Tlie 
building  and  management  of  the  railroads  of  a 
new  country,  is  a  very  important  matter,  and  one 
fraught  with  great  danger  to  the  interests  of  the 
coimtry.  The  method  used  in  constructing  roads, 
is  by  fiu-nishing  private  citizens  or  corporate 
bodies,  capital  obtained  by  bonding  towns;  or 
some  method  by  which  the  country  through  which 
the  road  passes,  is  put  under  contribution  to  de- 
fray the  expense.  This  puts  the  capital  of  many 
into  the  hands  of  a  few.  In  case  the  trustees 
prove  reckless  or  unprincipled,  the  country  at 
large  must  become  the  sufferer.  Miimesota  has 
suffered  greatly  through  railroad  mismanage- 
ment. This  has  been  true,  not  simply  in  build- 
ing and  equipping  the  roads,  but  in  exorbitant 
tariffs.  She  has  been  loaded  witli  delH.  and  her 
attempts  at  adjustment  have  loaded  her  with 
odium.  This  county  has  suffered  greatly  from 
this  cause.  Such  evils  are,  however,  self-correct- 
ing and  Time,  the  great  healer,  will  remedy  all 
evils  of  the  past,  when  such  prosperity  follows  as 
has  followed  their  construction  here. 

In  1862,  the  railroad  from  St.  Paul  to  St.  An- 
thony opened  the  county  to  railroad  connuunica- 
tion.  To  the  making  of  railroads  there  is  no  end. 
We  shall  not  attempt  to  enumerate,  in  this  brief 
article,  all  the  roads  and  the  history  of  their  con- 
struction. A  simple  statement  of  the  receipts 
and  shipments  of  the  principal  commodities,  by 
the  various  railroads  to  and  from  Mimieapolis. 
during  the  year  ending  May  81st.  1880,  will  show 
the  importance  of  the  roads  to  this  county,  and 
will  furiher  iniUcate  the  extent  of  the  bnsmess 
of  the  county.  ; 

KAILKO.VD   SUHoLeNTS. 
Lumber.    1.4i>7.-0().(Ml(l  feet:    Flour.   ].6.50,630 
bills.:  Mill  Stuffs.  .5.5,746  tons  ;  Wheat.  76,000  bu.; 
Corn,   113,8.50   bu.:    Merchandise,    10,166   cars; 


Oats,  .57,200  bu.;  Machinery.  743  cars;  Live 
Stock,  774  cars  ;  other  articles,  1,623  cars.  Total 
shipments  of  all  kinds,  48,447  cars. 

RAILROAD    RECEIPTS    OF    LEADING    ARTICLES. 

Wheat,  8,103.708  bu.;  Corn,  392,200  bu.;  Oats. 
262,100  bu.;  Bariey.  70,700  bu.;  Flaxseed,  124,900 
bu.;  Mill  Feed.  9.176  tons ;  Lumber, 22,770.000  ft.; 
Flour,  110,700  bbls.;  Merchandise.  12,643  cars; 
Live  Stock,  929  cars ;  Machinery.  730  cars ;  Bar- 
rel Stock,  1.229  cars;  Coal,  2,713  cars;  all  other 
articles,  4.265  cars.  Total  of  all  kinds  of  freight. 
47,307  cars. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION'.  BOUNDARIES.  ETC. 

Hennepin  county,  as  originally  organized,  had 
for  its  eastern  boundary,  the  ilississippi  River, 
and  was  held  in  the  embrace  of  three  rivers,  tlie 
Mississijipi.  iMinnesota.  and  Crow.    These  rivers 
formed  almost  the  entire  boundary.     Carver  and 
Wright    counties,    on  the  west,   completed  its 
boundaries.    By  a  subsequent  act  of  legislature. 
St.  Anthony  was  attached.     The  length  of  the 
county,  north   and  south,  is  about  thirty -two 
miles.    Its  greatest  breadth  is  about  twenty-eight 
miles.    Its  area  is  354,904.96  acres.    The  forty- 
fifth  parallel  of  latitude  passes  through  the  mid- 
dle.   The  summers  are  ver>-  warm,  and  hasten 
vegetation  to  maturity.     The  winters  are  very 
cold.    It  may  serve  to  assist  the  mind,  to  com- 
pare it  with  other  localities  of  the  country,  in  re- 
ference to  latitude  and  temperature.    The  forty- 
fifth  parallel,  which  passes  through  the  middle  of 
this  county,  passes  through  Green  Bay.  ^^■iscon- 
sin.  touches  tlie  extreme  northern  limit  of  Xew 
York,  and  forms  the  northern  boundary  of  Ver- 
mont.    The    winter   isothermal  line,  however. 
strikes  considerably  north  of  Xew  York  and  A'er- 
mont.     The  snow-fall  is  light,  but  as  thaws  are 
infrequent,  enough  usually  accumulates  to  insure 
sleighing  through  the  winter.     Tlie  same  is  true 
of  this  as  of  all  northern  I'limates ;  the  winter  is 
made  jolly  by  extra  sociability. 

The  surface  of  the  country  is  undulating, 
though  in  no  part  moimtainous  or  hilly.  Tlie 
county  belongs  to  the  southern  slope  of  the  state, 
and  to  the  Mississipiii  valley.  The  elevation  above 
the  level  of  the  sea  varies  from  663  feet  at  the 
crossing  of  the  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  R.  R.  on  the 
Minnesota  River,  to  940  feet  at  Long  Lake  sta- 
tion.    The  elevation  of  the  Mississippi  River  at" 


IMI 


HISTORY  ()V  lIESyEl'lS  CdVyTY. 


NicDllet  Islaiui  is  791  feet,  ami  lialt  a  mile  lielow 
tlie  Falls  of  St.  AiitlKiny  71  lA  feel. 

HIVKHS    AND    I..\Ki:s. 

This  county  is  favored  with  alxindaiice  of 
water  to  sui>ply  all  tlie  fund  ions  that  water  ever 
fiillills. 

First,  for  Xariyntioii.  The  Missis.siiii)i  lias 
afforded  navigation  lioth  above  and  below  the 
Falls.  The  Minnesota  i)eniiits  navigation  along 
the  southern  b(uin<larv  of  the  county. 

Second.  WaU  r  I'lunr.  The  immense  power 
of  the  Falls  of  St.  .\nthony.  alone,  gives  this 
county  greater  facilities  for  manufacture,  than 
can  be  found  elsewhei'e  in  the  I'nited  States. 
There  are  minor  water  powers  on  the  smaller 
streams  and  lakes. 

The  largest  llimring  establishments  in  the 
world,  and  other  bran<-hes  of  manufacture,  de- 
rive tlieir  power  from  tliese  great  falls.  In 
early  times  travellers  have  expended  their 
elixiuence  in  (lescrii>tions  of  their  beauty,  but  to- 
day, if  we  describe  the  features  <'orrectly.  we 
must  admit  that  the  iiicturesijue  scenery  has 
largely  disai>pcared  and  given  place  to  practical 
business.  If  we  echo  the  sentiments  of  this  am- 
bitious people,  we  must  dwell  on  the  wealth  in 
machinery  and  manufactures  that  now  environs 
tlie  falls,  ami  not  lament  over  the  bcaut>  that 
has  gone.  The  description  of  these  vast  estab- 
lishments is  reserved  for  a  snbseciuent  cliaiitei-. 

Tliird.  liunniny  loyn  to  the  numerous  saw-mills. 

Fourtli.  lii'<udtj  (if  ScciKi-ii.  On  the  inaii  we 
can  count  over  two  hundred  lakes  in  Henne- 
pin county.  .\s  wc  ride  through  Ihc  c-(iuntr>. 
they  seem  iiinunicrable.  'i'licy  arc  umstly  clear 
and  dee)),  with  gravelly  margins,  and  discharge 
their  waters  into  the  large  liouiidar\  rixcrs. 
througli  numerous  beaiililul  creeks  and  ri\  iilets. 
The  largest  is  Lake  Minmtonka.  Manx  ot  tijc 
lakes,  on  account  of  tln'ii'  great  bc'aut> .  arc  jilaccs 
of  summer  resort. 

Fifth.  7/<((Wi.  'riie  hcalthfidiiiss  of  the  state 
is  thought  to  be  due.  to  some  extent  to  its  large 
amount  of  water  surface.  Doubtless  this,  taken 
witli  its  great  distiuice  inland.  i>  a  vcr\  lualthrul 
feature  for  Ilenneiiin  count>. 

The  Crow  is  not  regardeil  as  a  naxigablc  ii\ei. 
though,  at  one  time.  Cajit.  Kollins  uiailc  a  iiiii. 
with   the  ••(iov.  Uamsev,"  twentj    miles  up  the 


stream.  Its  banks  are  low  and  wooded,  present- 
ing no  marked  features.  The  line  river  scenery 
is  on  the  .Mississiiiiii  from  the  falls  to  Fort 
Suelling.  Throughout  this  distance,  of  nine 
miles,  the  river  runs  through  a  gorge  about 
eighty  rods  wide,  with  high.  bare,  rocky 
blulfs  on  each  side.  This  is  the  grandest 
scenery  of  the  Xorlhwesl.  After  the  great  tribu- 
tary, the  Minnesota,  forms  its  junction,  at  Fort 
SnelUng.  the  gorge  widens  to  alioiil  a  mile.  The 
same  rock-ribbed  walls  are.  however,  continued. 
If  wc  Jiass  11)1  the  Minnesota,  we  find  the  banks 
changed  in  their  character.  The  bluffs,  instead 
of  being  bare  and  rocky,  are  turfed  and  grow  n  up 
to  small  wood.  .\t  the  early  settlenient  of  the 
county,  these  biuiks  were  described  as  simply 
grassy,  but  the  absence  of  wood  was.  luobably. 
due  to  fires  sweeping  over  them. 

Geologists  interpret  the  clayey  deposit,  west  of 
the  river,  and  other  debris  moved  by  the  icebergs 
of  the  glacial  ]ieriod.  as  indicating  great  surface 
changes  in  the  county,  as  well  ;is  in  the  volume 
and  course  of  its  rivers.  The  Minnesota  was 
once  the  largest  river,  ami  tlie  Mississippi  liowed 
into  it. 

GEOLOHV    .\ND    MINKU  AL(Ki  Y. 

The  general  contour  of  the  county  is  nearly 
level,  with  an  undulating  drift  surface.  In  a 
belt  varying  from  six  miles  to  less  than  one  mile 
in  width  along  the  Mississijiiii.  the  narrowest 
point  of  which  is  in  N'orth  .Minneaiiolis.  the  drift 
has  been  modilied  by  the  river,  and  presents 
almost  a  level  surface,  with  a  soil  lighter  ami 
more  saud>  than  in  ]iaits  more  rcniDte  from  the 
river.  Co-existent  with  the  line  which  marks  the 
limit  of  this  drift,  is  that  of  the  sui)i>osed  line  be- 
tween the  SI.  I'eler  saiiilsl'iiii'  and  the  Sliakopee 
liniestoni'  of  the  Lower  .Magiiesian  formation. 
The  belt  iiirluilcd  in  this  line  has.  a  iiearl>  uni- 
form llat  surlaee.  occaslonalI\  diversilicd  by  a 
kiioll  of  hard-pan  drift.  f^xcaNations  made  at 
dilfereut  Jioilits  iiicluiled  in  this  belt,  ni'ver  fail 
to  reveal  this  hard-pan.  I'liderlNing  this  tract, 
is  a  lainiuateil  lu-  llaky  ela\ .  w  liich.  when  burned. 
\  ielilsaii  exeelleni  ipialily  of  lirick  of  thai  cieam\ 
lolor  known  as   •  Milwaukee  brick."" 

The  ]irincj)ial  out-cropiiing  rocks  are  the  Treii- 
tnii  liuiestiine  and  SI.  I'dcr  sandstone.  The 
SliaUopee  limestone   crops   out  at  Shakopec,  on 


GEOLOGY,  SOIL  A  AD  VEGETATION. 


ISl 


the  opposite  side  of  the  Minnesota  River,  and  is 
believed  to  exist,  covered  by  the  drift,  through- 
out Hennepin  county.  It  is  known  among  build- 
ers as  "  Kasota  Stone,""  named  from  the  town 
where  it  is  extensively  quarried.  It  was  called 
Shakopee  limestone  from  its  beini;  lirst  noticed 
and  classified  at  the  out-crop  in  Sliakoi)ee. 

The  Trenton  Limestone  is  composed  of  three 
distinct  layers— Upper  Trenton,  Green  Shale  and 
Lower  Trenton.  The  Lower  is  the  only  out' 
cropping  stratum  in  the  county.  The  Green 
Shales  are  only  found  on  excavating  the  drift. 
It  is  quite  fossiliferous.  and  sometimes  called, 
incorrectly,  soap-stone.  Tlie  Lower  Trenton  oc- 
curs along  the  bluffs  of  the  Mississippi,  at  and 
below  the  falls.  It  is  plainly  seen  in  the  quarry 
below  the  University.  The  upper  stratum,  eight 
feet,  is  impure  limestone.  Under  this  is  a  more 
impure  stratum,  though  of  similar  character. 
Third,  four  feet  eight  inches  Green  Shales. 
Fourth,  a  little  more  than  two  feet  of  stone  used 
for  the  roughest  building.  Underlying,  the  fifth 
layer,  is  the  building  stone,  fifteen  feet  in  thick- 
ness, used  so  extensively  in  the  construction  of 
the  best  walls  in  this  and  adjoining  counties. 
This  stone  is  too  argillaceous  (clayey)  to  1)6  a  re- 
liable building  material.  Its  weakness  consists 
in  the  shales  interlarded  between  layers  of  the 
limestone.  Tliis  causes,  also,  a  mottled  appear- 
ance on  the  surface  of  the  stone.  The  dark  spots 
are  shale,  and  the  lighter  colored,  limestone. 
Sixth,  two  feet  of  Ijhie  shale  is  found.  This  last 
layer  rests  upon  the  St.  Peter  sandstone. 

The  fact  that  the  harder  limestone  of  the  lower 
Trenton  is  super-imposed  on  the  softer  St.  Peter 
sandstone  gives  rise  to  our  water  falls.  The 
action  of  the  water  cuts  away  the  underlying  St. 
Peter,  thus  producing  after  many  years"  erosion, 
a  great  fall.  The  position  of  the  layers  also 
threatened  at  one  time  the  destruction  of  the 
falls  which  they  had  previously  produced.  Little 
streams  had  so  percolated  the  sandstone  as  to 
render  it  more  than  probable  that  the  overlying 
limestone  wovdd  soon  l)e  imdermined.  and  the 
the  magnificent  fall  he  change  into  a  simple  rapid. 
Prompt  and  efficient  measures  on  the  part  of 
capitalists,  assisted  by  the  general  government, 
arrested  the  danger,  and  rescued  the  fall. 


SOIL   AND   VEGETATION. 

The  soil  of  the  county  may  be  distinguished 
as  of  two  classes ;  sandy  soil,  occupying  the  belt 
before  described,  near  the  river,  and  the  grayish 
clay.  The  changes  noticed  in  the  vegetation, 
as  one  passes  through,  will  indicate  the  change 
in  the  soil  beneath.  Copses  of  oak  and  aspen 
show  the  soil  to  Ije  sand)',  while  the  large  sugar 
maples,  American  elms,  bass  and  red  oak  point 
out  the  clayey  soil.  On  the  clay  also  grow  the 
butternut,  soft  maple,  bitternut.  black  ash.  white 
ash,  poplar,  white  birch  and  white  oak. 

The  principal  shrubs  are  hazel,  smooth  sumac, 
wolf-berry,  thoni,  elder,  honey-suckle,  kiimikin- 
nick,  wild  rose,  prickly  ash,  and  speckled  elder, 
ilany  water-loving  plants  abound  along  the 
numerous  lakes. 

Frost  grapes,  wild  plums,  American  or  native 
crab-apples,  black  and  red  cherries,  june-berries, 
choke-cherries,  prickly  and  smooth  wild  goose- 
berries, high  bush  cranberries,  high  lilackberries, 
l)lack  and  red  raspberries,  strawberries  and  cran- 
berries are  the  principal  wild  fruits. 

From  the  middle  of  the  county  westward  the 
soil  is  clay,  rolling  and  heavily  timbered.  East  of 
this  is  the  belt  containing  the  small,  sparse  tim- 
ber, covering  the  eastern  part  of  !MapIe  Grove 
and  Plymouth,  the  western  part  of  Minneapolis 
and  the  central  portions  of  Richfield  and  Bloom- 
ington.  with  occasional  tracts  in  Minnetonka  ;nid 
Eden  Prairie. 

The  soil  and  climate  favor  the  production  of 
sjiring-wheat.  This  is  grown  to  the  exclusion  of 
winter-wheat  which  winter-kills.  The  hardness 
of  the  kernel  of  Minnesota  spring-wheat  gives  a 
superior  qmility  to  the  flour  of  our  mills.  Other 
small  grains,  of  ordinary  farming,  are  readily 
produceil.  Sorghum  has  recently  become  an  im- 
portant article  of  production.  The  cultivation 
of  fruits  has  been  proved  practicable  although  it 
was  long  suppo.sed  impossible  to  mature  choice 
varieties.  Peter  M.  Gideon,  of  Excelsior,  has 
done  more  than  any  other  man  for  the  improve- 
ment of  varieties  of  fruits.  It  can  almost  be 
said  that  he  has  done  all  in  this  county.  He 
struggled  for  a  long  time  unaided,  but  now  has 
charge  of  a  "  State  Experimental  Farm.""  Trees 
were  set  out  on  this  farm  in  the  spring  of  1878. 
Tliere.  with  the  patronage  of  the  state.  Mr.  Gid- 


182 


HISTOBY  OF  HEXyEPiy  COUyTY. 


eon  will  oonlinuc  his  experiniPiils.  His  jnirpose 
is  to  produce  an  apple  that  is  a  lonsj  keeper,  and 
grown  on  a  hardy  stock.  It  is  impossible  in  this 
article  to  describe  his  methods.  For  hardiness, 
necessarily  the  lirsl  re(|usile  in  this  climate,  he 
depends  on  the  crab  stock.  Some  valuable  va- 
rieties have  already  been  obtained. 

ZOOLOGY. 

On  the  same  grounds  that  Minnesota  has  been 
called  the  si)orlsman's  state,  this  county  might  be 
called  the  sportsman's  count  \.  Its  lakes,  prairies 
and  forests  are  the  natmal  haunts  of  the  many 
varieties  of  game  with  which  the  state  abounds. 
Gray  and  prairie  wolves,  bears,  wild  cats,  rac- 
coons, foxes,  deer,  rabbits,  s(iuirrels,  gophers 
(found  in  such  abundance  throughout  the  state, 
as  to  cause  it  to  be  called  the  -  (iopher  State  '') 
and  wood  chucks,  were  all  found  in  abundance, 
within  a  few  years,  and  many  of  them  abound 
now.  Some  water  animals,  sdught  for  their  furs, 
are  trapjied.  The  oltei'.  mink,  beaver  and  musk- 
rat  furnisli  the  most  valiiiibU'  pelts.  Grouse' 
(prairie-hens I.  i)arlridges,  and  pigeons,  are  the 
priuci|>al  feathered  game,  except  in  the  season 
when  duiks.  biaiil  ami  wild  geese  abciund. 

This  county  shares  witli  the  stale  in  a  multi- 
tude of  small  birds  of  brilliant  jiluniage.  Some 
varieties  are  iiecuhar  to  this  vicinity.  They  de- 
light the  eye  ami  ear  of  the  tourists,  who  frequent 
the  charniiug  lakes,  woods  and  streams.  The 
lakes  abound  in  the  usual  varieties  of  fish.  Some 
interest  has  been  shown  in  adding  new  and  im- 
l)roved  kinds. 

ci,iM.\ri:. 

The  cliinatc  of  this  cciuiil)  ami  those  innuc- 
diately  adjoining,  gave  to  Minnesota  at  an  early 
day.  its  reputation  lor  health  and  made  il  the 
asylum  for  invalids.  No  other  county  in  the 
state  is  belter  situaterl  or  more  favorably  known 
for  health.  It  is  very  benelicial  to  invalids  suf- 
fering from  pulmonary  diseases.  Instances  where 
Ibis  climate  does  not  effect  a  cure  for  such  iu- 
valiils.  can  usually  be  explaineil  by  the  fact  that 
the  disease  was  allowed  to  progress  too  far  before 
trying  the  remedy,  or  some  other  circtnnstance. 
lieculiar  to  the  jialieut  and  not  chargeable  to  the 
climate,  interfered. 


EDUCATION. 

The  first  settlers  of  this  county  brought  with 
them  from  New  England,  not  only  the  fear  of 
God.  which  lead  them  to  build  churches,  but.  as 
the  natural  concomitant  of  the  Bible  is  eduaition, 
they  brought  in  their  hearts  the  desire  for  schools 
ami  at  once  set  about  educational  work. 

lielMienient  and  social  culture  were  as  essential 
to  tlieni  as  tlic  vital  air.  It  has  been  said,  and 
truthfully,  that  the  tendency  of  western  life  is 
verging  toward  barbarism.  Here,  however,  cul- 
ture and  refinement  followed  closely  on  the  heels 
of  settlement.  It  is  already  abreast  of  the 
boasted  East  in  public  education. 

It  can  be  safely  said,  that  the  whole  state,  but 
pre-eminently  Hennepin  county  has  made  greater 
progress  in  education  during  the  last  twenty-two 
years  than  any  other  state  or  county  in  the 
United  States.  The  lirst  school  taught  was  by 
Miss  Electa  Bachus,  in  the  summer  of  184i».  in  a 
small  shanty  on  the  east  side.  This  was  under 
territorial  jurisdiction.  In  the  fall  of  that  year, 
the  first  school  house  was  built  in  the  county. 

The  next  teacher,  was  Miss  Xancy  E.  ^liller. 
The  first  teacher  on  the  west  side,  was  ISIiss 
Mary  A.  Scolield.  The  first  male  teacher,  was 
Beuben  Clark.  Thirty  years  only  have  passed 
since  one  little  school  was  all  and  siillicient  for 
the  wants  of  the  community. 

The  following  is  extracted  from  the  otlicial  re- 
port of  INTii.  for  the  sake  of  contrast.  School 
districts.  1  lo  :  school  houses.  180  :  graded  schools 
outside  of  Miiineaiiolis,  •'5:  scholars  eurolled. 
10,245.  .V  larger  proiiortion  ol'  children  of 
school  age  attend  s<'hool  in  this  llian  in  any 
other  state. 


CHAl'TEl!    XXXI\'. 


()lt(;.\NlZ.\TION  OF  CorNTY— OFKICIAI^  RKCORD 
-.nniCIAL    UKCOHD— LIST  OF   COUNTY  OFKI- 
IIOHS. 

The  bill  which  fixed  the  boundaries  of  this 
coiiiitv .  i)assed  the  Territorial  Legislature  in  1852, 
and  was  approved  March  (ith.  of  the  .same  year. 

Jl   origiiiall\    liiir I   a   part   of  I):iknta  rounty. 


ORGANIZATION  OF  COUNTY— OFFICIAL  RECORD. 


183 


The  bill  provided  that  '-86  much  of  Dakota 
county  as  Ues  north  "of  the  Minnesota  River,  west 
of  the  Mississippi,  and  east  of  a  line  commencing 
at  a  place  known  as  the  Little  Kapids.  on  said 
Minnesota  River ;  thence  in  a  direct  line  north  by 
west,  to  the  forks  of  Crow  River ;  thence  down 
said  river  to  its  junction  witli  the  Mississippi." 
The  bill  further  provided  that  Hennepin  county 
be  attached  to  Ramsey,  for  judicial  inuposes, 
"Until  further  provided  for."  For  elective  pur- 
poses it  was  to  remain,  as  then,  in  conjunction 
with  Dakota  county,  so  far  as  related  to  the  elec- 
tion of  a  councillor  and  two  representatives,  \m- 
til  the  next  apportionment. 

Section  3  of  the  bill  provided  that,  "  When  the 
treaty  of  Mendota,  concluded  with  the  Dakota 
Indians,  should  be  ratified  V)y  the  United  States 
Senate,  the  county  of  Hennepin  shall  be  entitled 
to  elect,  at  the  next  general  election,  such  county 
and  otlier  otlicials  as  the  organized  comities  were 
entitled  to."  Section  4  provided  that  the  county 
commissioners  elected,  should  be  authorized  to 
establish  the  county  seat  temporarily,  "  Until  the 
same  is  permanently  established  by  the  legisla- 
ture, or  authorized  votes  of  the  qualified  voters  of 
said  county." 

The  county  was  formally  organized  on  the  21st 
day  of  October.  18.52.  Eleven  days  previous,  an 
election  was  held  at  the  house  of  Col.  John  H.  Ste- 
vens, at  which  73  votes  were  polled,  representing 
about  one-half  of  the  voters  residing  in  the  coun- 
ty. Another  voting  place  was  fixed  at  Mendota, 
for  the  accommodation  of  those  living  along  the 
Minnesota  River.  I'revious  to  the  election,  a 
mass-meeting  was  held,  at  which  the  following 
ticket  was  nominated,  irrespective  of  party: 

Representative,  Dr.  A.  E.  Ames ;  County  Com- 
missioners, Alex,  iloore,  John  Jackins,  Joseph 
Dean ;  County  Treasurer.  John  T,  ilann ;  Reg- 
ister of  Deeds,  John  II.  Stevens ;  District  Attor- 
ney, Warren  Bristol ;  Sheriff,  Isaac  Brown ;  Cor- 
oner. David  Gorhani ;  Judge  of  Probate,  Joel  B. 
Bassett;  County  Surveyor,  Charles  AV.  Christ- 
mas ;  Assessors,  Edwin  Iledderly,  EU  Pettijohn. 
S.  A.  Goodrich;  Road  Commissioner,  George 
Parks.  The  entire  ticket  was  elected  without 
opposition,  and  the  parties  named  liecame  the 
first  officers  of  Hennepin  county.  They  were 
nominated  and  elected  without  effort  on  their 
part,  and  in  many  histances,  against  their  ex- 


pressed -wish.  The  first  meetmg  of  the  Board  of 
County  Commissioners  was  held  on  the  21st  of 
October,  18.52,  Alexander  Moore  being  chosen 
chairman.  Dr.  PI.  Fletcher  was  the  first  Justice 
of  the  Peace  before  the  county  organization,  and 
Edwin  Iledderly  the  first  Justice  after  the  county 
organization.  Politically,  little  need  be  said  of 
Hennepin  county.  In  its  earher  days,  and  imtil 
the  organization  of  the  Republican  party,  the 
contest  for  political  preferment,  was  between  the 
old  Whig  and  Democratic  parties,  the  latter 
usually  being  in  the  ascendency.  Now,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  death  of  some  of  the  giants  in 
the  land,  the  masses  could  no  longer  be  held  to 
the  old  lines.  The  Whig  party  died  with  Clay. 
Political  chaos  throughout  the  country  followed. 
Down  went  Whig  and  Know-Xothing,  and  out  of 
the  nuns  was  built  the  Republican  party  It  is 
not  important  to  give  the  position  of  politicians 
in  this  state  during  the  political  chaos.  Smce,  the 
Republican  element  has,  with  a  few  exceptions  in 
local  politics,  been  the  ruhng  factor.  In  State 
and  National  poUtics  the  county  is  largely  Re- 
publican. 

OFFICIAL   UECOUD 

of  state.  Judicial  and  Legislative  officers  of  Hen- 
nepin county.  The  first  Territcn-ial  Legislature 
convened  September  3d,  184i>.  and  adjoiuned 
the  first  of  the  following  November.  The  county 
was  represented  in  the  Council  by  John  RolUns 
and  Martin  McLeod,  and  in  the  House,  by  Wm. 
R.  :\Iarshall,  AVm.  Dugas,  Fifth  District ;  Alexis 
Bailey  and  Gideon  II.  Pond,  Seventh  District. 

Second  Legislature,  Jan.  1st  to  3Iarch  31st,  1851. 
—John  Rollins,  Martin  JIcLeod,  Council ;  John 
W.  North,  E.  Patchen,  House,  Fifth  District: 
Benjamin  H.  Randall,  Seventh  District. 

Third  Legislature,  .Ian.  ~th  to  3Iarch  Hth,  18.52.— 
AVm.  L.  Earned,  Martin  McLeod,  Council ;  Sum- 
ner W.  Farnham,  John  II.  Murphy.andBenj.il. 
Randall,  House. 

Fourth  Legi.'ilature,  Jan.  oth  to  March  oth.  1853. 
— Wm.  L.  Lamed,  Martin  McLeod,  Council ;  R. 
P.  Bassett,  G.  B.  Dutton,  A.  E.  Ames,  B.  H. 
Randall,  House. 

Fifth  Legislature,  Jan.  ith  to  March  -Ith,  185-1. — 
Chas.  T.  Stevens,  Council ;  Cephas  Gardner, 
Henry  S.  Phuiimer,  Ilezekiah  Fletcher,  House. 


184 


HISTOIiY  OF  HEyXEPIX  COUXTY. 


Sixth  Legislature,  Jan.  3d  to  March  3d,  1855. — 
Chas.  T.  Stevens.  Council ;  A.  M.  Fridley,  Dan- 
iel Stanclilield.  I).  M.  Hanson.  Ihiiise. 

By  till-  aiiiiiirliiinnu'iit  of  isoo,  the  piednct  of 
St.  Anthony  \va.s  designated  as  the  Third  District, 
and  Hennepin,  iwesl.i  Carver  and  Davis,  as  the 
Eleventli.  and  remained  so  initil  the  adoption  of 
the  state  constitution. 

Seventh  Li<jishiture.  Jan.  '2d  tit  ^fdrch  Isl,  1856. 
— J.  RoUins.  D.  >I.  Hanson,  Council,  Third  Dist., 
Sumner  W.  Farnliam,  C.  AV.  Le  Boutillier.  James 
F.  Bradley,  Thomas  W.  Peirce,  Arha  Cleveland, 
Thomas  B.  Hunt,  Francis  Thorndike.  IIou.se, 
Eleventh  Dist. 

COX.STITVTIONAL   COXVENTIOX. 

Pursuant  to  an  act  of  the  territorial  legislature, 
approved  ^larch  .Sd,  l,S5T,an  election  was  held  on 
the  first  Monday  in  Jime.  to  elect  delegates  to 
the  convention,  called  for  the  purpose  of  framing' 
a  state  constitution.  The  following  are  the  names 
of  Hcnnc|iin  couuty  delegates: 

lii liiihlirttn  u-iiiij.  M  Dint — D.  A.  Secomlie.  P. 
Wiuell.L.  C.  Walker.  .1.  II.  Murphy;  l]lh  Dist.- 
Cyrus  Aldrich.  Wentworth  Hayden,  K.  L.  Bar- 
tholomew. W.  F.  Bussell.  Charles  B.  Sheldon, 
David  Morgan,  E.  X.  Bates.  1).  F.  Smith. 

Democratic  wing,  3d  J)ist. — B.  B.  Meeker.  Wm. 
M.  Lashells,  Calvin  A.  Tnttle.C.  L.  Chase  :  ll^/i 
i>M^— Alfred  E.  Ames. 

With  the  adoption  of  the  .state  constitution,  a 
new  api)ortionm('nt  named  as  the  Fourth  District. 
'•  So  much  of  IIcnne)iin  as  lies  west  of  the  Missis- 
sijtpi  Hiver":  that  imrtion  east  of  the  river,  as 
the  Twenty-tiiird  District.  The  result  of  the 
first  fall  election,  imder  the  new  constitution. 
was,  Sin'ile  4th  Dist..  Krastus  X.  Hates.  Delano 
T.  Smith  :  ^M  Dist.,  Jonathan  Chase.  Ilaiisf— 
4th  Dist..  K.  H.  Gihson,  George  II.  Kiith.  Wni. 
S.  Clioweii  :  2M  Hist..  Wni.  11.  Tow  rjscnd.  L.  C. 
Walker. 

No  session  ol  Ihc  legislature  was  held  dniing 
the  winter  of  18'>K  !l,  owing  to  the  extra  session 
just  preceding.  .Vt  the  Oclohcr  election,  how- 
ever, the  following  oflicers  were  elected  imni 
Hennepin  county,  though  they  never  took  llicir 
scats:  Jlmisf  W.  I).  Wasliliuin.  .\.  C  Austin. 
a.  B.  .McCirath.  and  .\.  Uonld  ;  Senate— ^'id  Di.st., 
David  Heaton. 


Second  Lvyislatitre,  1859-bO.— Senate,  4th  Dist., 
Jesse  Bishop.  R.  L.  Bartholomew  :   23d  Dist.,  D. 

.\.  Heaton:  House.  4tli  Dist..  J.  P.  Ahraham, 
Henry  B.  Mann,  A.  C.  Austin.  Irwin  Shrewsbury  ; 
23d  Dist.,  D.  A.  Secombe,  G.  P.  Baldwin. 

In  l.S()().  another api)ortionment  occurred,  nam- 
ing Hennepin  East  as  the  Fourth  District,  and 
Hennepin  AVest  as  tlic  I'ilih. 

riiird  Legislature,  18<>1. —  Senate.  4tli  Dist.. Da- 
vid Heaton  ;  5th  Dist.,  R.  J.Baldwin:  House. 
4tli  Dist.,  Jared  Benson,  G.  V.  Mayhew  ;  oth  Dist. 
F.  R.  E.  Cornell,  M'entworth  Hayden. 

Fourth  L<:yisl((turr.  l.S(iL>.  -Senate.  4th  Dist., 
David  IIeat<iu  :  5th  Dist..  1!.  .1.  Baldwin  :  House, 
4th  Dist..  J.  H.  Allen.  Jared  Benson  :  5tli  Dist., 
F.  R.  E.  Cornell.  John  C.  Past. 

Fifth  Lryi.iUdiire.  1863.— Senate.  4th  Dist..  Da- 
vid Heaton  :  5th  Dist..  R.J.Baldwin:  House, 
4th  Dist..  Dwight  Woodhnry.  II.  J.  Croswell  ; 
5th  Dist..  .V.  C.  Austin.   1!.  I',.  Mcliratli. 

Sixth  Leyislatiirr.  1,S(U. — Senate.  411i  Dist..  John 
S.  Pillsbury:  5lh  Dist.,  Dorilus  Morrison  ;  House. 
4tli  Dist..  Jared  Benson,  Jonathan  Fii'ren :  5th 
Dist.,  John  A.  Coleman,  (iilbert  Graham. 

Seirnth  Lcyiitlalvre,  lS(i5.  — Semite.  4th  Dist., 
John  S.  Pillsbury,  Dorihis  Morrison:  House, 
4th  Dist..  F.  M.  Stowell.  Steiijien  Hewson  :  5th 
Dist..  Cyrus  Aldrich.  F.  li.  K.  Cornell. 

Eiytillt  Liyishdurr.  18(i(>. — (The  aiiiiortionnicnt 
this  year  di<l  not  atTecl  Hennepin,  east  or  west.) 
-Senate.  4th  Dist.,  John  S.  Pillsburx  :  5th  Dist.. 
C.  II.  I'cttit  :  House,  4th  Dist..  K.  \V.  Ciitln.  .\. 
K.  Hayden:  5lh  TMst..  ,\aron  (iould.  .loiias  H. 
Howe. 

Miilh  Lryishilinr.  18(>7.— Senate.  Itb  Dist..  J. 
S.  Pillshiny;  5th  Dist..  J.  C.  Whiliicy:  House. 
4th  Dist.,  II.  F.  MIodgctt ;  5tli  Dist..  A.  K.  .\nies, 
Aaron  (ioiilil.  .loliii  Scboski. 

'J'ddh  Lojislnluri.  18()S  Senate.  Itli  Dist..  .Tohn 
S.  Pillsbury  :  5tli  Dist..  C.  H.  I'ettil  ;  House.  Itli 
Dist..  Sannifl  lioss:  5lli  Dist..  ( '.  1).  Davison. 
Chas.  H.  Clark.  John  11.  Ilcchtnian. 

EIrrinlh  Liyislrilnri .  ISdll.  SiMiate.  Itli  Dist.. 
W  illiani  Loclircii  :  5tli  Dist..  f.  H.  I'l'ttit  :  House, 
nil  Dist..  A.  .M.  Friille>  :  511i  Dist..  ('.  D.  Davi- 
son. .\.  H.  Hall.  Clias.  il.  Clark. 

IVilflh  J^yisdaluri',  187(1.  Senate.  Ith  Dist.. 
William    Lochren :    5th    Dist..    C.    H.     I'cttit. 


OFFICIAL  BECOBD— JUDICIAL  BECOBD. 


185 


House,  4th  Dist.,  A.  :M.  I'lidley,  A.  E.  Hall,  E. 
A.  Kice,  J.  II.  Poiul. 

Tliirteenth  Leyisluiufc,  1871. — Senate.  4tli  Dist.. 
John  S.  Pillsbiiry ;  .5th  Dist.,  C.  II.  Pettit; 
House,  A.  U.  Fridley  ;  oth  Dist.,  W.  D.  AVasli- 
buni.  A.  R.  Hall.  A.  .1.  Underwood. 

Apportionmoit  of  1871. — Under  this  apportion- 
ment, Hennepin  East  became  a  part  of  the  2.5th . 
District,  and  Hennepin  West  formed  the  26th 
and  27th  Districts.  Tlie  2-5tli  District  was  K'ven 
one  senator  and  two  representat,ives.  the  2i)tli  a 
senator  and  four  representatives,  and  the  27tli  a 
senator  and  three  representatives. 

Fourteenth  Legishdur<\  1872— Senate. 2.)tli  Dist., 
A.  0.  Morrell  ;  2i)tli  Dist.,  Levi  Butler;  27th 
Dist.,  Wm.  P.  Ankeny  ;  House,  2.5th  Dist.,  Frank- 
lin Whitney,  .John  H.  Strong  ;  26th  Dist.,  A.  .J. 
Underwood,  C.  II.  Clark,  C.  F.  Adams,  Loren 
Fletcher;  27th  Dist.,  A.  R.  Hall,  Z.  Demeules. 
F.  L.  Morse. 

Fifteenth  Legislature,  1873.— Senate,  2.5th  Dist., 
John  S.  Pillsbnry  ;  26th  Dist.,  Levi  Butler;  27tli 
Dist.,  R.  B.  Langdon  ;  House,  25th  Dist.,  James 
McCann,  Daniel  Anderson;  26th  Dist.,  ('.  B. 
Tirrell,  Loren  Fletcher,  Chas.  II.  Clark.  C.  F. 
Adams;  27th  Dist.,  A.R.Hall,  Z.  Demeules. 
M.  C.  Comerford. 

Sixteenth  Leyi.fhiture,  1874. — Senate,  2oth  Dist., 
John  S.  Pillslnuy  ;  2(ith  Dist.,  Levi  Butler;  27th 
Dist.,  R.  li.  Langdon:  House.  2.5th  Dist..  C.  F. 
Woodbury,  Lyman  Brown  ;  26th  Dist..  C.  B.  Tir- 
rell, Loren  Fletcher.  C.  F.  Adams,  C.  II.  Pettit  ; 
27th  Dist.,  A.  R.  Hall.  F.  L.  Morse.  John  Hccht- 
man. 

Seventeenth  Lcyishiture,  1875. — Senate,  25th 
Dist.,  Johns.  Pillsbnry;  26th  Dist.,  Levi  Butler; 
27th  Dist..  R.  B.  Langdon;  House,  2.5th  Dist,  C. 
T.  Woodbury,  Daniel  Anderson:  26th  Dist..  C. 
II.  Pettit,  C.  II.  Drake,  Loren  Fletcher,  A.  In- 
gerson;  27th  Dist..  Geo.  A.  Camp.  Frank  L. 
Morse,  Daniel  Bassett. 

Eighteenth  Lrgisliilure,  1876.— Senate,  25th  Dist., 
J.  B.  (4ilflllan;  26th  Dist.,  Levi  Butler;  27th 
Dist.,  R.  B.  Langdon;  House,  2.5th  Dist.,  F. 
Whitney,  Daniel  Anderson;  26th  Dist.,  C.  II. 
Pettit,  Leander  Gorton,  John  H;  Stevens,  C.  B. 
Tirrell;  27th  Dist.,  A.  M.  Reid,  Daniel  Bassett, 
Frank  L.  Morse. 

Nineteen  th  Legislature,  1877.— Senate,  25th  Dist. , 


John  B.  Gillillan;  26th  Dist.,  Levi  Butler;  27th 
Dist.,  R.  B.  Langdon;  House,  2.5th  Dist.,  D. 
Anderson,  G.  AV.  Putnam;  26th  Dist.,  Geo.  H. 
Johnson,  L.  Fletcher,  \V.  II.  Rouse,  J.  II. 
Clark;  27th  Dist.,  A.  R.  Hall,  Andrew  J.  Smith, 
Peter  AVeinant. 

Tirentieth  Lryixlcitxre,  1878. — Senate,  2.5th  Dist., 
John  B.  Gillillan  ;  26th  Dist.,  Charles  A.  Pills- 
bury  ;  27th  Dist.,  R.  B.  Langdon;  House,  2.5th 
Dist.,  Geo.  AV.  Putnam.  Baldwin  Brown ;  26tli 
Dist.,  AV.  H.  Johnson,  H.  G.  Hicks.  J.  H.  Clark, 
Ed.  McDermott;  27th  Dist.,  Frank  L.  Morse, 
Peter  AVeinant,  Harry  Ghostly.  This  Legisla- 
ture adopted  bi-ennial  sessions. 

Twenty-first  Leyishiture,  1879. — (No  session, 
official  Roster  as  follows:)  Senate,  2.5th  Dist., 
J.  B.  Gillillan  :  2i;th  Dist.,  C.  A.  Pillsbnry  :  27th 
Dist.,  E.  M.  AVilson;  House,  2oth  Dist,  Jared 
Benson,  Daniel  Anderson ;  26th  Dist.,  H.  G. 
Hicks,  W.  II.  Johnson.  A.  Tharalson,  J.  Thomp- 
son, Jr. ;  27th  Dist.,  John  Ba.xter,  Geo.  Huhn, 
A.  J.  Smith. 

Twenty -first  Leyislature,  Election  of  1880. — 
Senate,  27th  Dist,  R.  B.  Langdon;  House,  27th 
Dist..  John  Baxter,  Geo.  Huhn,  A.  Roberts. 

.JUDICI.VL    KECOKD. 

The  scales  of  justice  were  tirst  poised  in  the  old 
goverinnent  mill,  on  the  second  Monday  in  -July, 
1849,  by  Hon.  Bradley  B.  .Meeker.  Circuit  Judge 
by  appointment  of  Gov.  Ramsey  ;  Taylor  Dudley, 
clerk  of  the  court,  Franklin  Steele,  foreman  of 
the  grand  jury.  The  session  lasted  one  week. 
The  tirst  session  after  tlie  organization  of  the 
county,  was  held  in  a  small  house  afterwards  oc- 
cupied by  Anson  Nortiiup.  This  was  in  1852. 
Sweet  AV.  Case  was  clerk  of  the  court.  Dr.  Alfred 
E.  Ames,  foreman  of  the  grand  jury.  The  ses- 
sion was  short,  only  two  or  three  indictments 
being  found,  and  these  quashed  l)y  the  judge. 
Following  this,  in  the  order  given,  were  .Judges 
A.  G.  Chatfield,  M.  Sherburne,  Chas.  E.  Flan- 
drau,  James  Hall,  Edward  O.  Hamlin,  Chas.  E. 
A^anderl)urgh,  and  A.  II.  Young.  Judge  A^an- 
derburgh  was  elected  in  1859,  and  has  since  filled 
the  office.  Should  lie  continue  until  the  expira- 
tion of  his  present  term,  it  would  make  for  him 
twenty-eight  consecutive  years.  Judge  Young 
was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Common 
Pleas  for  Hennepin  county,  in  May,  1872, by  Gov. 


186 


HISTOJRY  OF  MIIKNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Austin.  At  tlie  fall  eleotion  following,  he  was 
elected  to  the  office  for  the  lenn  of  live  years. 
In  1877,  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Fourth  Judicial 
District,  luider  an  act  of  the  legislature  allowing 
two  or  more  judges  in  one  district. 

LIST     OF    tOfXTY    OFFICERS  WHOSE   TERMS   OF 
SERVICE  OCCURRED  IN  THE  ORDER  GIVEN. 

('oxintij  AwVtortt — [Until  IS.jO.  the  duties  now 
allotted  to  this  office  were  iierfornied  by  the  Reg- 
ister of  Deeds.]  lloliarl  ().  llaniUn.  Harlow  A. 
Gale.  Anton  (irelhen.  Jacol)  SchaelVr.  Mahloii 
Jilack.  Francis  S.  McDonald. 

lieyistcrs  of  l)efds — John  II.  Stevens,  Geo.  M. 
Huy,  Chas.  G.  Ames,  Geo.  AV.  Cliowen,  lloberl 
It.  Bryant,  James  Bryant,  L.  P.  I'lummer.  ('has. 
Uohin.son. 

CUi-kx  of  Coil li —Sweet  W.  Case,  Ileniy  \. 
Partridge,  Ilohart  O.  IlamUn,  John  AV.  Plum- 
iner.  (ieorge  W.  Cliowen.  John  P.  Plunimer.  D. 
W.  Alhaugh.  Alliert  .M.  Jerome,  Jacob  A.  AVol- 
verton.   K.  J.  Davenport. 

Counlit  AHonii  iin  -Wiwven  Bristol,  D.  JI.  Han- 
son. Isaac  Alwaler.  (leu.  A.  Xourse,  James  B. 
Lawrence,  Jr.,  Ashley  (".  Morrill,  Win.  W.  ilc- 
Xair,  John  B.  (iillillan.  George  K.  Robinson. 
John  B.  (iillillan.  David  A.  Seconibe.  John  B. 
(iillillan.  Jas.  W.  Lawrence.  Wni.  K.  Hale. 

Shiriffs  -Isaac  Brown.  Benjamin  E.  Messer. 
lienjarain  F.  Baker.  Kdward  Lipi>incott.  Richard 
Strout.  John  A.  Armslniirg.  AVin.  Byrnes.  Henry 
G.  Hicks,  (ieo.  II.  Johnson.  Nathaniel  R. 
Thompson.  .1.  .M.  Knslis. 

County  'J'riiisiiii iti  -  JtAni  T.  Mann.  Allen  Har- 
mon, John  L.  Tenny.  David  Morgan,  Joseph 
Dean.  .lolin  S.  AValker.  O.  li.  King.  Jesse  G. 
Jones.  L.  li.  Palmer,  ^\ .  W .  Ilnnlinglon.  Frank 
Slocuni. 

f'ounli)  iS'«/Tn/o/-.s— Charles  W.  Cliristmas.  Lewis 
IlaiTington,  David  Charlton,  Franklin  Cook,  C. 
W.  Christinas,  C.  B.  Chapman,  C.  W.  Christmas. 
a.  W.  Cooley.  S.  H.  Baker.  Frank  Phnnnier. 

Corn»rrn—l)ii\'u\  (iorhani.  Henry  Menningei-. 
J.  C.  Williams,  F.  A.  Conwell.  C.  H.  Blecken. 
P.  O.  Chilstrom.  Petrns  Nelson,  A.  C.  Fairbairn. 

Courl  ('ornmissioiit \s  -  [Office create<I  in  IKii.'i.] 

N.  H.  .Miner.  Lanhier  Bostwick.  X.  II.  Miner. 
Samuel  R.  Thayi-r.  .\lbee  Smith.  Freeman  P. 
Lane. 

County  SiiperinltMleiitii  of  HdtooU — Until  1801, 


the  examination  of  teachers  was  conducted  by 
commissioners.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Coimty 
Commissioners,  September  7th,  1864,  a  resolution 
was  passed  authorizing  the  emi>loyment  of  a  Sn- 
perintendent  of  Schools  for  llennei)in  c(iunt\. 
.\1  an  adjourned  meeting,  held  September  l!»th, 
J.  T.  Piiblile  was  ajipointed,  with  a  salary  of  .■?i)Otl 
per  year,  in  isi;.")  ii>-:iiipoiiit(Ml :  again  in  IWiti, 
with  salary  rai.sed  to  S'.lOd  per  year.  September 
Kill.  IS()!).  Rev.  ('.  B.  Sheldon  was  appointed  from 
.laiiiiary  to  .ViH'il.  Is'o.  At  a  subsequent  meeting 
the  Ciiunty  Commissioners  resolved  to  authorize. 
Commissioner  Barlow  to  employ  an  examiner  of 
applicants  for  School  Superintendent.  Prof.  (). 
V.  Tousley  was  selected,  and  conducled  the  ex- 
amination in  presence  of  the  commissioners,  on 
the  -5111  of  January,  187(1.  On  the  following  day, 
January  Gth.  a  ballot  was  taken  by  the  commis- 
sioners, resnlliug  in  a  tie  vote  between  Charles 
Hoag  and  Rev.  C.  B.  Sheldon.  On  the  4th  of 
A])ril  another  ballot  was  taken,  resulting  in  tlie 
election  ot  Charles  Hoag  for  a  term  of  two  years, 
from  April  .jtli,  1870;  salary  S8.50.  At  a  meet- 
ing of  the  commissioners  in  1872,  Mr.  Iloag  was 
re-elected,  and  salary  increased  to  $l.(Hiii.  \\  a 
meeting.  January  Olli,  18*4,  four  candidates  lue- 
sented  themselves — B.  B.  Barnard.  C.  Allen.  I. 
S.  Rankin,  and  M.  Coclirau.  Mr.  Rankin  was 
elected  on  the  third  ballot.  On  the  (sih  of  .Jan- 
uary, 1876,  C.  AV.  Smith  was  nnanimonsly  elect- 
ed, and  has  been  continued  in  the  otlice  on  an 
increased  salary,  up  to  the  present  time. 

Jmhjix  of  rmhcife—Joe\  B.  Bassett,  Dr.  .\.  l]. 
Ames.  E.  S.  Jones.  Lardner  Bostwick.  N.  II. 
llcmiup.  Franklin  Beebe.  E.  A.  (Jove.  P.  M. 
Babcock,  John  P.  Rea. 

County  C'lniDiist^idiirrK.  bs.'j^  In  l.s.')S.  -  [First 
three  elected  at  time  of  ct)unty  organization, 
others  at  subsei|iiciit  elections.]  Joscpli  Dean. 
Alexander  Moore.  John  Jackins,  W.  (Jctiliell. 
Henry  Towiisend,  Alexander  G(Hild.  <;.(;.  Loo- 
mis.  David  .V.  Seconibe.  (;.  W.  Cliowen.  Xatlian- 
icl  Kellogg. 

18o8 — [County  Board  conipoMMl  of  chairmen 
of  the  several  Town  Hoards  and  Wards  of  St.  An- 
thony.] Some  strife  aroseal  this  meeting  over 
credentials.  S.  L.  Merriman.  of  Minnetrista. 
was  refused  a  seat .  for  want  of  evidence  either 
of  election  or  ai)iiointment.  James  Crowe  was 
admitted  from  the  Second  Ward  of  St.  Antlinnj. 


COUNTY  OFFICIALS. 


187 


The  eliairman  admitted  to  seats,  with  the  Towns 
and  Wards  represented,  are  liere  given  :  Brook- 
lyn, E.  T.  Ailing;  Bloomington,  Martin  'Sic 
Leod ;  Corcoran,  Israel  Dorman ;  Dayton,  A.  ('. 
Kimball ;  Excelsior,  R.  B.  McGrath  ;  Eden  Prai- 
rie, Aaron  Gonld ;  Hamburg,  Val.  C'hilson ; 
Hassan,  Samuel  Finical;  Independence.  Irwin 
Shrewsbury;  Maple  Gn)ve,  A.  C.  Austin;  Min- 
neapolis, R.  P.  Russell;  ^Minuetonka,  Fred  Bas- 
sett ;  Plymouth,  Francis  Hunt ;  Greenwood,  X. 
D.  Ferrill;  Richland,  Joel  Brewster;  St.  An- 
thony, First  Ward,  D.  Knobloch  ;  Second  Ward, 
Jas.  Crowe;  Third  Ward,  W.  il.  Ilerron;  Fourth 
Ward,  J.  C.  Johnson  ;  Town  of  St.  Anthony.  J. 

B.  Gilbert. 

l.So9— Brooklyn.  D.  C.  Smith;  Bloomington. 
^hn•tin  ^McLeod ;  Champlin,  W.  Ilayden ;  Cor- 
coran, P.  B.  Corcoran;  Dayton,  AV.  W.  Cate; 
Eden  Prairie,  Aaron  Gould ;  Excelsior,  George 
Galpin;  Greenwood,  X.  D.  Ferrill;  Hassan, 
John  Mitchell;  Independence,  Irwin  Shrewbury; 
Minnetonka,  Fred.  Bassett ;  Minneapolis,  II.  C. 
Keith,  Cyrus  Aldrich,  J.  S.  Malbon;  Maple  Plain, 

C.  W.  Blowers;  iledina.  J.  A.  Coleman;  Plym- 
outh, J.  :SI.  Parker;  Richfield,  Geo.  Odell ;  St. 
Anthony.  G.  AV.  Thurber,  R.  ^\^  Cummhigs,  J. 
B.  Gilbert.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Board,  June 
5th,  IHtjO.  the  county  was  divided  into  Commis- 
sioners Districts  as  follows : 

District  Xo.  1— Second.  Third  and  Foin'th 
AVards  of  St.  Anthony. 

District  Xo.  2— Brooklyn,  Crystal  Lake,  St. 
Anthony  town,  and  First  Ward  of  city. 

District  Xo.  8 — Minneapolis. 

District  Xo.  4— Minnetrista,  Minnetonka,  Ply- 
mouth, Excelsior,  Eden  Prairie,  Bloomington 
and  Rlchlield. 

District  Xo.  5 — Champlin.  Dayton.  Hassan. 
Corcoran.  Maple  Grove.  Independence.  Green- 
wood. Medina. 

Commissiomrs.  1860 — R.  AV.  Cummings,  II. 
Fletcher.  D.  Schmitz.  J.  B.  Ilinkley,  AVm.  Finch. 

18(U— A.  B.  Blakeman.  James  Sully,  Ezra 
Ilanscomb.  J.  B.  Hinkley.  AVilliam  Finch. 

18«2-3— A.   B.    Blakeman,    II.   S.    Plummer. 
James  Sully,  AVm.  Finch,  J.  B.  Ilinkley. 
■     1864— James  Sulley,    Sewell    Phelps,   E.   AV. 
Grindall,  J.  B.  Hinkley. 

1865— James  Sully,  Sewell  Phelps,  II.  S.  Plum- 


mer, H.  II.  Hopkins.    A.   B.   Blakeman,  J.   A. 
Coleman.  J.  B.  Hinkley. 

1866— James  Sully,  E.  AV.  (irindall.  J.  A. 
Coleman.  Sewell  Phelps.  II.  II.  Hopkins. 

1S67-8— Sewell  Phelps,  J.  A.  Coleman,  J. 
Sully.  J.  P.  Plummer. 

1869- .James  Sully,  A.  11.  Benson,  AA'm.  E. 
Evans,  Samuel  Bartow,  David  Edwards. 

1870- AVm.  E.  Evans,  David  Edwards,  Samuel 
Bartow.  Ezra  Ilanscomb.  AA'.  E.  Jones. 

1871— AVm.  E.  Jones,  David  Edwards,  Ezra 
Ilanscomb,  J.  G.  McFarlane,  James  A.  Ball. 

1,S72 — AVm.  E.  .Jones.  Ezra  Ilanscomb,  David 
Edwards.  J.  G.  McFarlane.  Benj.  Parker. 

1873-4-5— J.  G.  McFarlane.  AVm.  Pettit,  Benj. 
Parker.  David  Edwards.  AVm.  Finch.  R.  S. 
Stevens,  J.  E.  Mitchell. 

1876— D.  Edwards.  J.  (i.  AIcFarlane,  L.  R. 
Palmer.  Horace  AVilson.  Chas.  II.  AVard,  Stiles 
(iray.  Wm.  Pettit. 

1877 — D.  Edwards,  Edwin  Iledderly.  ('has.  II. 
AVard,  L.  R.  Palmer,  Horace  AVilson. 

1878- L.  R.  Palmer,  Jesse  Jones,  Charles  H. 
AVard,  Horace  Wilson,  M.  AA'^.  Glenn. 

1879— Horace  AViLson,  M.  AV.  Glenn.  L.  R.  Pal- 
.  mer,  Chas.  H.  AVard,  Jacob  Schaefer. 

Xovember,  1880— The  following  officers  were 
elected  :  Auditor,  F.  S.  McDonald  ;  Register  of 
Deeds,  Chas.  Robinson;  Clerk  of  Court,  E.  J. 
Davenport ;  County  Attorney.  W.  E.  Hale : 
Sheriff.  J.  M.  Eustis ;  Surveyor.  Frank  Plummer ; 
Coroner,  Dr.  A.  C.  Fairbairn ;  Senate,  27th  Dist., 
R.  B.  Langdon ;  House,  27th  Dist.,  John  Baxter, 
1  Geo.  Huhn,  A.  Roberts ;  County  Commissioner, 
!  [east  side],  Baldwin  Brown. 

The  following  official  record  of   Presidential 
i  Electors  will  show  the  general  political  bias,  as 
I  well  as  the  rapid  advance  in  population  as  indi- 
cated by  the  increased  vote  for  each  term. 

A'ote  of  1860,  Lincoln,  1,770,  Douglas.  705. 
Breckenridge.  44.  A'ote  of  1864,  Lincoln.  1,711. 
McClellen.  1.221.  A'ote  of  1868,  Grant.  3,128. 
Seymour,  1,984.  Vote  of  1872,  Grant.  4.075. 
Greeley.  2.986.  A'ote  of  1876,  Hayes,  5,641, 
Tilden,  4.871.  A'ote  of  1880,  Garfield,  8,086, 
Hancock,  4,104.  At  this  election  the  vote  for 
member  of  Congress  was,  AV.  D.  AVashburn, 
8,134,  H.  H.  Sibley,  3,991. 


188 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


(  llAPTi:i{   xx.w. 

■\VAR  nECOKD  OF  HEXXEl'lN'  LOVXTY— TAKEX 
FROM  TIIK  AD.IfTAXT  (iENEKAl/s  REFORT. 
AFTKI!     THE    SAME     HAD      liEKN      (A  liKKl'LLY 

scurnxiZKii  and  ff)Hiu;rTi:i)  itv  hesidext 

.MKMIiEUS    Ol-    the    SE\EI!A:.    inMl'WlES. 

Till'  dati'  (if  llic  (iri.Miiizatiiiii  nl'  llic  First  ]?t'!l- 
inient  of  Minnesota  ^'()lunll•l'^s.  Aiiril.  1W>1. 
will  imlinate  the  entlnisiasiu  of  the  slate  in  re- 
sponding to  the  eall  of  the  countrv  for  defeiulers. 
Aiiril  llith  had  heard  the  Mrst  jiun  at  Fort  Sum- 
ter; Ajiril  I:M1i  had  witnessed  the  surrender  of 
tlie  fort :  Apiil  1  lUi.  Aliraliani  Lini'dhi  liad  issuecl 
his  famous  jiroc-laniation  callinj;  for  To.OOO  men. 
more  than  enou^ih.  we  all  felt  sure,  to  wipe  out 
every  vestige  of  rehellion. 

Minnesota,  one  of  the  youngest  dauRhters  in 
the  family  of  states,  eomes  to  the  front  in  April, 
and  orjrani/.es  her  tirst  rei;iment.  Indeed,  this 
regiment  did  not  furnish  jilaces  enough  for  men, 
wishing  to  enlist  as  privates,  lo  slmw  Iheir  patri- 
otism. The  country  was  eleitrilied  liy  seeing 
this  regiment  of  stalwart  m(>n.  moving  to  the  front 
in  June,  nmiiiig  frimi  a  stale  of  whii-li  many  citi- 
zens hail  not  even  heard,  whose  record  was  yet  to 
be  made.  This  young  state  was  not  only  ijuick 
to  respond  to  the  demand  for  un  ii.  uudci'  llie  en- 
thusiasm that  pervaded  the  ciiUMlr\  dining  the 
earlier  stages  of  the  war.  Iml  she  held  nut  to  the 
last  with  her  ipiola.  tlnoiigli  all  the  dark  da>s 
that  followed. 

When  it  was  ascertained  llial  "■"j.noii  nicii  wnulil 
not  accomiilish  it.  successive  calls  were  made — 
sou.ddii.  :i(i(i.ii(Hi.  .",011.00(1.  etc..  until,  at  last,  a 
grand  total  of  nearly  S.oOo.uiio  had  liccn  furnished 
to  do  what  it  was  anticipated  a  liaiidful  ol  iiicn 
could  ai'coinplish  in  a  few  weeks. 

Miiniesota  followed  up  Ihesc  successive  de- 
mands, until  the  vcr\  Indians  tlionglit  lici' terri- 
tory was  nearly  dejilitid  of  llghling  men.  and 
assailed  her  uniirolected  settlers.  War  was  thus 
l)rought  lo  her  own  doors,  in  forms  more  dreadful 
than  Antietjini  or  (iettyshnrg.  The  lecords  will 
show  how  well  the  state  liehaved  luiiler  the  liery 
ordeal  of  war.     It  helongs  to  us  onlv  to  transciihe 

to  these  pages  the  roll  of  h r  of  the  coinjt\. 

hoping  to  assist  in  iiuninitali/ing  the  iianjcs  nf 


the  patriotic  and  brave  defenders  of  our  flag. 
Here  they  are.  rank  and  lile.     Honor  them  all. 

AUUItl.X  I  AllOXS. 

Adjt Adjutant 

Art Vrlillcr\ 

Bat Battle  or  Battalion 

Col Colonel 

Capt Captain 

Corp Corporal 

Comsy ( 'ommisiiry 

Cav Cavalry 

captd captured 

destd deserted 

dis ^ discharged 

disalil disability 

inf infantry 

M.  ^'.  I Miimesota  \"olunteer  Infantry 

Lieut Lieutenant 

I   Maj Major 

I  mus musicians 

pro promoted 

Kegt Regiment 

re-en re-enlisted 

reg regular 

res resigned 

sergt .sergeant 

transfd transferred 

\  el veteran 

V.  H.  C \'etcran   IJeservc  Corps 

wd w  ounded 

wag wagoner 

IMisr   KlClll.MENr   MINN.    INFANI'UY. 

()rigiuall>  coniiuaiiilcd  li\  ('olnuel  W.  .\.  (;or- 
maii. 

Fi'ilil  mill  Sliii!'  0;h'(v;-.s  Ceo.  \.  Morgan.  Col- 
onel, com.  Scjil.  Jii.  isiiii.  |iio.  from  Co.  K,  res. 
May  •').  l.sii:{. 

.lohii  N.  Chase.  .\iliiil:nil.  coin.  ( Id.  L'2.  IMil . 
pro.  ('apt.  Cn.  II.  Sept.  I'l;.  IsiiL'.  dis.  with  Hegt. 
.May  -I.  iMil. 

('has.  W.  Le  lioiilillicr,  .\ssl.  Suigeon.  com. 
.Xl'iil  L".i.  iMil.  lian>ld.  Pi  .Miiui.  Skeleton  Hegt. 

v..  I).  Neill.  Chaplain,  com.  .\)iril  J!i.  isiil.res. 
.(illy  i:i.  isuj. 

.lohii  \V.  I'ride.  Sergt.  .Major,  com.  Mar.  5, 
isiil.  pro.  from  Co.  K.  dis.  with  regt.  May  4.  1804. 

Ciiiiiliiiini  A  .lohii  Blesse,  priv.  en.  .\pril  -'.i. 
IMil.  tiansfd.  to  \'.  K.  C.  Xov.  HI.  (Ci. 


WAB  BECOliD— FIRST  REOIMENT. 


189 


John  McEwen.  Corp.  en.  April  29,  1S61.  pro. 
Sergt. ;  killed  at  Antietam,  Sept.  17.  1S()2. 

Company  C— Chesley  B.  Tirrell.  priv.  May  i'2. 
1861,  transfil.  to  bat. 

Recndls — Chas.  C,  Blanclianl.  no  recoril. 

Wm.  Coombs,  re-eu  trantsfd.  to  First  Battalion. 

Henry  Ghostly,  no  record. 

Andrew  McCausland  dis.  for  disab.  Jan.  8,  18B8. 

Turner  Pribble,  dis.  to  enlist  in  res.  service 
Oct.  28,  IStil. 

C03II'.\NY    D    FIKST  REGIMKNT  INF.VXTKY. 

Henry  R.  Putnam.  Capt.,  en.  April  29,  "(il, 
trans,  to  12lli  U.  S.  inf.  Geo.  H.  Woods,  1st 
Lieut,  en.  April  29,  "61.  pro.  Capt.  Nov.  28,  "til. 
A.  Q.  M.  Dewitt  C,  Smith,  2d  Lieut.,  en.  April 
29,  '61,  pro,  Capt.  August  8,  '61.  trans,  to  Com- 
pany G,  Aug.,  1863.  resigned  for  disabl.  October, 
1863.  Setli  L.  Hammond,  1st  Sergt.,  en.  April 
29,  "61,  pro.  2d  and  1st  Lieut.,  resigned  Sept..  "62. 
Christ.  B.  Heffelfinger,  Sergt.,  en.  April.  29,  "61, 
pro.  1st  Sergt.,  2d  Lieut.,  1st  Lieut.,  Capt,,  Aug. 
8,  1863,  dis.  with  regt.,  May  4.  "64.  Wm.  Har- 
mon, Sergt.,  en.  April  29,  "61,  pro.  2d  Lieut. 
Company  1),  1st  Lieut.  Company  C,  dis.  witli 
regt.  Henry  W.  Longfellow,  Sergt.,  en.  April 
29,  "61,  dis  for  disab., May  11.  "62.  Joseph  Young. 
Corp.,  en.  April  29,  "61.  dis,  for  disab..  Jan.  3,  "63. 
Ellet  P.  Perkins,  Corp,  en,  April  29,  "61.  pro.' 
Sergt.,  color  Sergt. .1st  Lieut.,  dis.  with  regt..  May 
4,  "64.  re-en.  First  bat.  Isaac  N.  Hoblitt,  Corp.. 
en.  April  29,  "61.  died  Nov.  26,  "61.  of  disease. 
Hanford  L.  Gordon.  Corp.,  en.  May  21,  "61.  dis, 
for  disab.  Dee.  1,  "61.  Calvin  I).  Robinson,  Corp.. 
en.  Ajiril  29,  "61.  pro.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Ed- 
ward S.  Past.  Corp..  en.  xVpril  29,  "61,  i)ro.  Sergt. 
Major,  dis.  for  wds.  at  battle  Antietam,  Sejit.  17, 
"62.  (Grange  S.  King.  Corp.,  en.  April  29,  "(ii, 
woundedat  Bull  Run. and  left  on  the  lielil.  Mor- 
ton Roliinson,  nius..  en.  June  6.  "(il .  ]iro.  Corp.. 
dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  A.  Lancaster,  wag.  en.  May 
22,  "61,  dis.with  regt. 

Pi-irofcs— William  R.  Allen,  en.  May  16.  "61. 
died,  July  "63.  of  wds.  received  at  Gettysburg. 
Chas.  E.  Baker,  en.  May  29.  "61.  killed  July  2d.  "63, 
in  battle  at  (iettysbiu'g.  Horace  K.  Hlake.  en.  May 
22, '61,  dis.  with  regt.  James  Bryant,  en.  May 
29,  "61,  re-en.  in  First  Bat.  March  31,  "64.  i)ro.  1st 
Lieut,  and  Captain  Company  C,  dis.  with  bat. 
Geo.  W.  Bartlett,  en.  May  29.  "61,  dis.  with  regt. 


John  Brown,  en.  May  16,  "61,  dis.  with  regt. 
Henry  Bingenheimer,  en.  May  16,  "61,  dis.  with 
regt.  Jacob  W.  Chaffee,  en.  April  29,  '61,  no 
record.  Enoch  IL  Chandler,  en.  April  29,  "61, 
dis.  with  regt.  John  Clator,  en.  May  22.  "61,  dis. 
for  disab.  Fell.  7.  "•■3.  Henry  W.  Crown,  en.  May 
1 7,  "61 ,  trans,  to  invalid  corps,  March,  '64.  Francis 

1.  Curtis,  en.  May  26,  '61,  dis.  for  disab.  Dec.  29, 
"61.  Henry  A.  Dean,  en.  May  16,  '61,  killed  July 
21,  "61,  in  battle  Bull  Run.  Stephen  Donnelly, 
en.  May  20,  "61.  dis.  for  disab.  January  7,  '62. 
James  F.  Dunsmoor,  en.  May  23,  "61,  dis.  for 
disab.  Aug.  1,  "61.  Cyrus  E.  Eddy,  en.  May  17. 
'61.  AmiR.  Fogerson,  en.  April29,'61,dis.  with 
regt.  John  O.  French,  en.  April  29,  "61,  pro, 
Corp.,  dis.  with  regt..  May  5,  "64.  August  A. 
Goeppinger,  en.  April  29,  '61,  dis.  with  regt. 
William  H.  Garvey,  en.  May  16,  '61,  no  record. 
Alonzo  C.  Ilaydeu,  en.  April  29.  '61,  killed  July 

2.  "63,  in  battle  at  Gettysburg.  Elmsley  I.  Ham- 
ilton, en.  April  29.  "61,  dis.  for  disab.,  November 
27,  "61.  John  T.  Hoblitt,  en.  April  29,  "61,  no 
record.  Charles  W.  Hughes,  en.  April  29,"  61, 
dis.  with  regt.  Archibald  E.  Howe.  en.  April  29. 
"1)1.  <lis.  with  regt.  AVilliam  II.  Howe.  en.  April 
29,  "61,  dis.  with  regt.  Charles  A.  Ilntchins,  en. 
April  29,  "61.  dis.  for  disab.  February  20.  '63. 
Cyrus  M.  Hatch,  en.  April  29.  '61,  dis.  for  disab. 
December  5,  '62.  John  IL  Haner,  en.  May  21 .  "61 . 
dis.  for  disab.  December  2,  '62.  Amos  C.  Jordan, 
en.  April  29.  "61.  trans,  to  signal  corps.  August, 

I.  "63.  James  W.  Kendall,  en.  April  29.  "61.  dis. 
with  regt.  Irving  Lawrence,  en.  April  29.  "61. 
died  July  7.  '63.  of  wds.  at  bat.  of  Gettysburg- 
(ieorge  A.  Latlin,  en.  ilay  17.  "61.  dis.  for  disab. 
March  2o,  '63.  Adin  A.  Latlin,  en.  May  17.  "61, 
dis.  with  reg.  May  5.  "64.  Charles  II.  Mason,  en. 
April  29. '61.  pro.  Sergt.,  dis.  for  pro.  December  27. 
■Ii2.  Henry  A.  McAllister,  en.  April  29,  '61,  died 
Aug.  "63.  of  wds.  rec.  in  liattle  at  Gettysburg. 
Horace  M.  Martin,  en.  April  29.  "61.  pro.  Corp.  and 
Sergt..  dis.  with  regt.  Lewis  Meeker,  en.  Aiuil 
29.  "1)1.  dis.  with  regt.  George  Maddock,  en. 
.Vpril  29.  "61.  wounded  at  Bull  Run,  and  left  on 
lield,  dis.  with  regt.  William  J.  Newton,  en. 
May  22.  "61.  dis.  for  disab.  April  2.  "62.     Francis 

II.  Newton,  en.  May  22,  '61.  alisent  sick,  on  dis. 
of  regt.  Thomas  B.  Nason.en.  May  28.  pro.  Corp., 
dis,  with  regt.  John  W.  Phunmer,  en.  April  29, 
"fil,  pro.  Corp.  Sergt.,  dLi  with  regt.     Robert  A. 


190 


HlS'mHY  OF  IIENXEI'IN  COUNTY. 


Plummer.  en.  April  29,  "61 ,  dis.  with  regt.  Henry 
C.  Plummer,  en.  May  20,  '61,  dis.  for  disab.  May 
14.  "62.  Jose))li  Suiitliyman.  en.  April  29.  "(il. 
pro.  Corp.,  (lis.  witli  regt.  Leroy  F.  Sampson, 
en.  May  17.  "61,  dis.  for  disab.  February  2,  '63. 
Mattliew  M.  Standish,  en.  May  21,  '61,  pro.  Sergt. 
transfd  to  X.  ('.  S.  as  Com.  Sergt.  Feb.  16,'  63. 
Charles  W.  Smith,  en.  April  27,  "61.  dis.  with 
regt.  Alviii  15.  Taunt,  mi.  April  20,  "61,  dis.  for 
disab.  Feb.  n.  02.  I'latt  S.  Titus,  en.  May  21 .  (il . 
dis.  Willi  regt.  David  (i.  AVctnnir.  en.  Aiuil  2it. 
"61,  dis.  witli  regt.  Jleiny  AVilgus,  en.  April  2'J. 
"61,  dis.  per  order  Nov.  16,  "63.  James  Walsh, 
en.  April  2ii.  "61  dis.  with  regt.  .John  T).  'Whitte- 
more  en.  >Liy  23,  "61.  died  of  wd.rec.  in  bat.  near 
Vieiuia,  \n. 

Becruit.s — Tlionnis  Hughes,  dis.  for  disab.  Dec. 
20,  '61.  Edward  D.  Messer.  dis.  for  disab.  Dec. 
29,  "61.  Henry  15.  Chase,  dis.  for  disab.  Feb.  2, 
"63.  Geo.  II.  Smith,  dis.  for  dis;ib.  Feb.  13.  "63. 
David  Jenkins,  dis.  for  di.sab.  Aug,  20,  '63.  Ran- 
som A.  liartlctt.  (lis.  for  disab.  Oct.  7.  "62.  Eben 
S.  Xasson.  dis.  lor  disab.  Feli.  lo.  "()3.  David  M. 
Howe,  dis.  for  disab.  Jan.  6,  "63.  Jo.seph  B.  Holt, 
dis.  for  disab.  Jan.  9,  "62.  Frank  Rollins,  died. 
Aug.  2,  "63.  of  wds.  rec.  at  battle  of  Gettysluirg. 
George  Grandy.  dicil  July  4.  "6.<.  cif  wds.  I'ec.  in 
bat.  at  Gettysburg.  .Man\is  A.  Past  died  July  o.'O.'l. 
of  wds.  at  bat,  (iett>.sburg.  S.  Densmore.  transfd. 
to  I"irst  Bat.  K.  J.  Hamilton,  transfd.  to  First 
Bat.  J.  I'ratt.  transfd.  to  First  Bat.  G.  S.  Sly. 
transfd.  to  First  Bat.  O.  Ames,  transfd.  to  First 
Bat.  J.  Hawkcs.  transfd.  to  First  Bat.  AV.T.  .\bra- 
ham,  transfd.  to  First  Bat.  D.  L.  Morgan,  transfd. 
to  First  Bat.  M.  G.  Pratt,  died  April,  "64.  E. 
Hamilton,  no  record,  .\rlis  Curtis,  no  record. 
Edwin  Lambdin,  dis.  for  disab.  December  2,  "62. 

(■().M|•.\S■^     K. 

(jeorge  X.  Morgan.  (';i|,i..  rn.  .\|iril  29.  "61. 
pro.  Maj..  Octdber  22.  Lieut.  Col..  ,\ugust  2s.  "62. 
Col.,  Sci)l('mlicr26."ni'.rcs.  .Mayo.  "63.  James  IIol- 
ister,  1st  Lieut.,  cu.  Aiirl!  29.  "(il.  res.  Xovendicr 
11.  "61.  (Jeorge  I'omcroy.  2d  JJeid..  en.  Ajiril 
29,  "61.  pro.  ("apt..  ()ct()l)er  22.  "61,  res.  for  pro. 
Sei)tember22.  "(i2.  Lieut.  Col.  14(i  N.  V.  Y.  John 
X.  Clia.se,  Ist  Sergt..  en.  April  29.  "61,  |>ro.  ('apt. 
Company  (i,  Septendier  26.  "62.  .lames  .M.  Shcp- 
ley.  Sergt..  en.  April  29.  "61.  pro.  2d  Lieut.  (Jcto- 
l>er22,  "61,  Isl  Lieut.  Company  (i.  July  19,  "(52. 


res.  Jan.  13.  "63.  George  Boyd,  Sergt.  en.  April  29, 
"61.  pro.  2d  Jjieut.  and  1st  Lieut.  Company  I.. 
Ajiril  lo.  "63.  dis.  with  regt.  May  4.  "64.  Hugh 
(i.  Ca.ssedy.  Sergt.  en.  May  23,  "61,  no  record. 
AVilliam  Lochren,  Sergt,  en.  April  29,  "61.  pro. 
2d  Lieut.  Company  K,  September22.  "62. 1st  Lieut. 
Com]iany  E.  July  3.  (13,  res.  December  30,  "63. 
■  Francis  Kitlel.  Corp.  en.  April  29,  "61,  pro.  Sergt. 
dis.  fordisab.  December 21.  "(i3.  Orville  D.  That- 
cher. Corp.  en.  April  29,  "(11 .  dis.  with  retft..  May. 
■(>4.  .Mbiou  Ilobsiin.  Corp..  en.  .Vpril  29.  "(il.  no 
record.  Booth  C.  Miilvey.  Corp.. en.  April  29.  "61, 
no  record.  William  ^\'.  Smiley,  Corp.,  en.  May 
23.  "(il  trans,  to  gunlioat  service.  X'ovemberl6,"63. 
William  W.  AVilson.  Corp..  en.  April  29,  "61.  dis. 
for  disab.  Jidy  23.  "(i2.  William  II.  Davenport. 
Mus..  en.  April  29,  "61,  dis.  per  order,  September 
26.  "61 .  Charles  Xorlhrup,  wag.,  en.  April  29.  "61 . 
dis.  witli  regt..  May,  "(it. 

Friralcs — Asa  T.  -Vbboll.  en.  .Vpril  29.  '(il.  no 
record.  John  F.  Barnard,  en.  April  29,  "61,  dis. 
for  disab.  July  31.  "HI.  William  II.  Bassett.  en. 
.Vpril  29.  "61.  iirn.  Ciiip.  dis.  with  regt.  Albert 
B.  Coombs,  en.  .M;i.\  2ii.  "(il.  tiaiislM.  in  1".  S.  En- 
gineers, Oct(jl)er  24,  '62.  Henry  M.  Day,  en. 
.Vi)ril  29,  "61,  no  record.  .Vmos  O.  Berry,  en. 
April  29.  ."ol.dis.  with  regt.  Charles  A.  Berry, 
en.  April  29.  "61.  no  record.  William  E.  Candy, 
en.  May  23.61.  dis.  with  regt.  Lloyd  C  Dciw.eii 
Ajnil  29,  "61,  dis.  fordisab.  '(;,!.  lienj,  Feuton.  en. 
April  29.  "(il,  dis.  with  regt.  William  Fullerton, 
en.  May  20,  "(il,  transfd.  in  giuilmal  service,  Nov. 
16,  "(53.  John  Fleetham.  en.  May  23.  "(il  dis.  for 
disab.  March  2o.  '(i3.  (Jeorge  X'.  Hollister,  en. 
.Vpril  29,  61,  trausiil.  In  4th  U.  S,  Cav.  Oct.,  "(i2. 
James  Ilauscomc.  eii.  .May  23,  '61.  no  record. 
John  Harrington,  en.  May  23,  "61.  trans,  to  4th 
U.  S.  Cav.,  {October,  "62.  Israel  .liickiiis,  en. 
.Vpril  29,  "61,  killed  July  2.  "(13.  al  (ieltysliurg. 
Ernest  JeiTersou.  cm.  .Ma\  23.  "(H.  im  reeoiil. 
William  11.  Johnson,  eii.  May  23.  (il.  dis.  Inr 
(lisabl.  March  'St,  '63.  Edwin  Keen.  eu.  .Vjiril 
29.  "61,  trans,  to  giinbnal  service,  Xovenilier.  '(i.f. 
Edwin  B.  Lowell,  en.  May  23.  "(il.  dis.  with 
regt.  Sanniel  F.  Leyde,  en.  .May  23.  "(il.  trans, 
to  gunboat  service.  Cliarles  .MeDnnald.  eu. 
.Vliril  29,  "(il.  no  record.  Charles  .McDonald  .Ir.. 
en.  .May  23.  "(iL  trans,  to  lib  C.  S.  Cav.  October. 
"(i2.  Keuben  .M.  .Mayo.  en.  .Ma>  23,  (il.  uo 
record.     (Jeorge  W.  Xnrthnip.  en.  .Vjnil  2:(.  "(il. 


SECOND  REGIMENl  INFANTRY. 


]91 


trans,  to  4th  U.  S.  Cav.  October  'P>i.  James  Pat- 
terson, en.  May  23,  "61,  destd.  Marcli,  '64.  Jolin 
W.  Pride,  en.  April  29, '61,  pro.  Sergt.  Major, 
trans,  to  N.  C.  S.  March  21,  "64,  dis.  with  regt. 
()l)ed  Russell,  en.  April  29,  01.  dis.  for  disabl. 
December  31,  "62.  Francis  Ray,  en.  May  24.  "61, 
dis.  with  regt.  Oscar  W.  Sears,  en.  April  29,  '61 , 
trans,  to  invalid  corps.  October,  '63.  Samuel  B. 
Stites,  en.  April  29,  '61,  pro.  Corp,  Sergt.,  dis, 
with  regt.  Stephen  B.  Sutton,  en.  April  29,  '61. 
dis.  with  regt.  Harvey  E.  Scott,  en.  ilay  20,  '61. 
wd.  and  taken  prisoner  at  Savage  Station,  trans, 
to  y.  R.  C.  George  11.  Winants,  en.  April  29, 
'61.  dis.  for  disabl.  December  25,  '61,  Peter 
Welin,  en.  May  23.  "61.  died  July  29,  '63.  of  wds. 
rec'd.  in  battle  of  Gettysburg.  William  L. 
Wakefield,  en.  May  23.  "61,  dis.  for  disabl.  Janu- 
ary 4,  '64.  John  D.  White,  en.  May  26,  '61,  dis. 
for  disabl.  January  9,  '62. 

i?cci-!(rts— Rufus  II.  Jefferson,  no  date,  tran.  to 
4th  U.  S.  Cav.  October,  "62.  C.  G.  Sherbrook,  no 
record.  Adam  C.  Stites,  no  record.  11.  B. 
O'Brien,  no  record.  E.  F.  Leigliton,  no  record. 
W.  Bofferding,  no  record.  James  D.  Weaver,  re- 
en.  March  24,  '64.  trans,  to  First  Battalion. 
Willian)  W.  Ilolden,  no  record. 

COXPANY  F. 

BecruilH—ll.  Blackwell,  en.  March  28,  '64,  no 
record.  Peter  J.  Bofferding,  en.  February  18, 
'64,  no  record.  E.  Jenkins,  en.  March  28,  '64, 
no  record.  A.  Stanberry,  en.  Marcli  29,  '64,  no 
record. 

COMPANY  I. 

Eccruiis—^.  Shook,  en.  March  3U,  1864,  no 
record.  Wm.  Schmeigart,  en.  March  23,  '64,  no 
record. 

COMPANY  K. 

i?rc)-»i/s— Samuel  M.  Burgess,  en.  November 
11,  '64,  dis.  for  disabl.  February  3,  '63.  Alfred 
Colliurn,  en.  November  4.  '61,  dis.  for  disab. 
August  23,  '62.  Lewis  Hanson,  en.  December 
16,  '61,  deserted  October  24,  '62.  John  W.  Sul- 
ly, en.  November  20,  '61,  deserted  Octolier  24.  '62. 
Augustus  II.  Smith,  en.  November  2o.  '61,  killed 
July  2,  '63,  at  Gettysburg. 

The  First  Regiment  Infantry  was  organized 
April,  '61,  ordered  to  Washington,  D.  C,  June 
14,  '61.  Engaged  iji  the  following  battles,  sieges 


and  skirmishes:  First  Bull  Run,  July  21,  "61: 
Edward's  Ferry,  October  22,  "61 ;  Yorktown. 
May  7,  '62;  Fair  Oaks,  June  1,  '62;  Peach 
Orchard,  June  29,  "62  ;  Savage  Station,  June  29, 
'62;  Glendale,  June  30;  Nelson's  Farm,  June 
30,  '62;  Malvern  Hill,  July  1,  "62;  "\'ienna,  Sep- 
tember 2,  '62;  Autietam,  September  17,  "62: 
First  Fredericksburg,  December  11,  12  and  13. 
"62 ;  Second  Fredericksburg,  May  3,  "63  ;  Gettys- 
burg, July  2  and  3,  '63,  and  Bristow  Station,  Oc- 
tober 14,  "63.  Discharged  at  Fort  Snelling,  Min- 
nesota, May  5,  1864. 

SECOND   REGIMENT    MINNESOTA    VOLl'NTEERS. 

Originally  commanded  by  Colonel  Horatio  P. 
VanCleve. 

Horatio  P.  Van  Cleve,  Col.,  com.  July  22,  '61. 
pro.  Brig.  Gen.  March  21,  "62. 

COMPANY   B 

Privates — James  Hamilton,  en.  June  26,  "61. 
re-en.  December  28,  '63,  dis.  with  regt.  James 
Rourke,  drftd.  September  26,  '64,  dis,  by  order. 
June  11,  '6o.  George  W.  Stewart,  en.  Febru- 
ary 18,  '64,  dis  \\ith  regt.  Josiali  Weaver,  drftd. 
January  28,  '65.  dis.  with  regt. 

COMP.\NY  c. 

Pc/rcffes— Daniel  Black,  drftd  May  28,  '64.  dis. 
with  regt,  July  11.  "65.  Stephen  Grover,  drftd. 
November  1 .  '64,  dis.  from  hosp.  August  2,  "65. 

COMPANY   D. 

Aklen  Kimball,  Sergt.  en.  July  5,  '61,  dis.  for 
disab.  October,  "62.  Edward  R.  Perkins,  Corp., 
en.  July  5,  '61,  dis.  for  disab.  October  16,  '62. 
James  N.  Dudley,  mus..  en.  July  5,  '61.  dis.  for 
disab.  April  19,  "62. 

Privates — Lyman  Brewster,  en.  July  5.  "61.  dis. 
on  expiration  of  term.  July  4,  '63.  Albert  R. 
Hall,,  en.  July  5,  '61,  pro.  Corp.  Sergt.,  wounded 
at  Chickamauga,  dis.  on  expiration  of  term.  July 

4.  "64.  Fred.  A.  Jennings,  en.  July  5,  "61.  dis.  for 
disal).  March  9,  "63.  Alexander  Landril.  en.  July 
.5.  "61.  re-en.  December  29,  '63,  pro.  Corp.  Sergt. 
di^^.  July  11.  "65.    Eugene  B.  Nettleton.  en.  July 

5.  "61,  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  July  4,  "64.  expiration  of 
term.  Henry  Stoakes,  en.  July  5,  '61.  dis.  on  ex- 
piration of  term,  July  4,  '64.  Allen  Sexton,  en. 
July  5,  '61,  dis.  for  disab.  November  10,  '62. 
George  W.  Towle,  en.  July  5,  '61,  re-en.  Dec.  29. 


192 


HISTOIiV  OF  HENKEnX  COUNTY. 


'63,  wounded  at  Chickamauga,  dis.  July  11,  '65. 
Leonard  Town.  en.  July  5,  '61,  died  at  Tuscum- 
bia.  Ala..  August  •!.  '62.  George  A.  Whcaton. 
en.  July  o,  '(il,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term,  July  4tli. 
'64.  James  Maxwell,  drafted  May  28.  "64.  pro. 
Coi"i)..  dis.  witli  regt.  Jdliii  13. 1'ani.  sub.  May  80. 
"64.  vlis.  with  regt. 

COMl'.VNY    K. 

7f(>fi-«i7.<f--J()liii  .Vdelherger,  en.  September 
26.  "64.  dis.  l)y  onlcr.  June  11.  "6o.  James  R. 
15ni\vn.  CM.  Scptcmhci-  2il,  "ill.  died  in  Cliicago  of 
a  knit'o  wd.  iec"d.  in  a  row  May  18.  "6'.  .Joseph 
Ebert  en.  O-tober  26.  "64.  dis.  by  order  June  11. 
"65,  Anthony  Ebert.  en.  October  26,  "64,  dis.  by 
order.  June  12.  "6").  John  Salenting.  en.  May  26, 
'64,  died  at  Savannah.  Ga.,  December  28,  "64. 
John  Tliur.  en.  Ociober  8.  "64.  dis.  by  order.  May 

26,  ■60.  Henry  Tru.xes.  en.  September  26,  "64, 
dis.  by  order  war  dept.,  June  11,  '65. 

Charles  II.  Friend.  Corp..  en.  July  8.  "61,  re-en. 
December  2i».  "(18.  luo.  2d  Lieut..  1st  Lieut,  and 
dis.  with  regt.  William  Blake,  mus..  en.  July  8, 
"61.  threw  away  bis  drum  and  took  a  gun  at  .Mill 
Spring,  dis.  for  disabl.  .Vugust  9.  ■62. 

Pnra/ci— Charles  J.  Atwater.  en.  .Jul>  s.  "lil. 
dis.  for  disabl.  June  9.  "62.  Louis  AUers.  en. 
July  8,  '61.  dis.  expir.  of  term.  July  7.  '64.  Ferd 
Birck,  en.  July  Ji.  '61.  re-en.  December  23,  '63, 
dis.  with  regt.    Coin-ad  Lutz.  drftd.  November 

27.  "64.  dis,  witli  regt.  Joseph  Fold.  sul).  May  30. 
■64.  dis.  by  order.  June  Si.  "6.3.  Christian  Kankin. 
drftd.  May  28.  "64,  dis.  from  iiospital.  July  14,  ■65. 
Henry  A8troi)e.  en.  Sejjtember  27.  "61,  re-en. 
Decendier  23.  "63.  dis.  for  disalil..  January  17, 
■6.).  William  .Mattin.  en.  July  N.  "lil.  le-en.  De- 
i-embcr  29.  'lilt.  pici.  ('(ii|i.  and  ilis.  with  regl. 
.losepli  McAlpin.  I'll.  July  K.  "61.  dis.  for  disabl. 
June  25.  "62.  .loseph  Molaii.  en.  Jidy  8,  ■61,  destd. 
(Jctober  lo.  'til.  (Jeorge  Butherford,  en.  July  8, 
■01.  re-en.  Decend)er  23.  ■63,  wounded  at  Kene- 
saw  Mf.,  discharged   for  disiibl.  January  17,   "65. 

CO.MI'.WV   (i. 

I'rhiiiiH  V.  Bhondiack.  en.  July  8.  "61,  killed 
at  Mill  Spring.  January  lit,  "62.  L.  IIoiTman  en. 
July  8,  "61,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term.  July  7.  1864. 
Cliarles  Orth.  en.  July  8,  n\.  dis.  for  disjib.  May 
3.  ^62.     Charles  Horhbaik.   en.   July   8,  "6J,  dis. 


fordisab.  November  20, '61.    Nicholas  Rossbach. 

I  en  July  8,  "61,  re-en.  December  26,  '64,  pro.  Corp. 
Sergt.  dis.  with  regt.  Bateus  Webber,  en.  .luly 
8,  "61.  wd.   at   Chi<kanianga.  (lis.  June  11,  1864. 

'  Jacob  Wcililiis.  en.  .luly  8,  61,  deserted  at  Louis- 
ville. October  1.  '1)2. 

lifcruitK — Joseph  llolTnian.  en.  .July  15.  '61, 
dis.  with  regt.  .lolm  Igel.  drafted  May  30  "64, 
dis  with  regt.  .bilni  .Miller,  drafted  September 
26,  '64,  dis.  by  mdei-  .tune  iu.  '1)5.  Nicholas 
Bossback.  en.  Feb  27.  '64.  I'm.  Corp.  dis.  witli 
regt.  Beinliardt  Hiebeth.  sub.  February  loth, 
'65,  dis.  with  regt.  llenuan  Radeutz,  en.  Sep- 
tember 21.  "61.  killed  at  Chickamauga.  Sejjtem- 
ber,  20  1863.  Henry  Striihba<k.  en.  February 
26,  "64,  dis.  with  regt.  Peter  Schumacker,  drafted 
May  27.  "64.  liis.  with  regt.  AVilliam  Schiltz, 
drafted  Seplendier  26.  "64.  dis.  by  order  June  10. 
'65.  A\'m.  Schuler.  drafted  September  26,  "64, 
dis.  by  order,  June  10,  "65.  Christian  H.  Sander, 
en.  March  6,  ^62,  re-en.  December  ^26.  64,  pro. 
Corp.  Sgt.  dis.  with  regt.  Balthaser  Tschudy  en. 
December  15.  "63.  ]iro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regiment. 
John  W .  TscliiKly,  en.  September  5,  '64,  dis,  by 
order  .liinc  in.  '65. 

(O.Ml'.WV    II. 

Jo.seph  Burgher,  en.  .Inly  15.  "(il.  re-en.  Dec. 
18,  '63.  dis.  for  disabl.  .Iniii'  17.  '(i2.  K.  T.  Cressy, 
drftd.  September  30.  "61.  destd.  May,  "62,  retd. 
March  28,  "63.  dis.  on  exjir.  of  term.  June  15,  "65. 

l•(|,Ml•.\^'^    I. 

FrecTk.  C.  Sheiilierd.  Sergt.  en.  .Iul>  .'-to.  '61, 
dis,  on  expr.  of  term,  July  11,  "65.  William 
Bending,  Corj)..  en.  .Vugust  12.  "ill.  re-en.  Dec. 
"63,  pro.  Sergt..  2d  Lieut.,  dis.  .Iul\   11.  "ti5. 

J'rimUs  .loliii  S.  I'.iTlriiiiii.  en.  .lul\  :ili.  "lil. 
capld.  by  eniin\  :it  Cliickamaiiga.  ilied  in  .Vnder- 
sonville  i>ris(in.  Illiiun  Haskell,  en.  .Inl\  :!0.  'ill. 
trans,  to  \.  \\.  (',,  .\pril  28,  "114.  Chailes  H.  Lay- 
man, en.  Sei>tember  s.  "61.  re-en.  l)eicud)er.  "63, 
dis.  with  regt.  Isaac  l,a\  man.  en.  ."^eptend)er  8, 
'61.  wd.  at  Cliiekamauga.  dis.  on  expr.  of  term, 
Seplendier  5.  "64.  ,\lberl  I'arker.  en.  Septem- 
ber 5,  '61.  wd.  at  Cliiekainauga,  dis.  on  expr.  of 
term,  SeiUember  12.  "64.  Hoderick  I'arker.  en. 
Septeiubei'  11.  "lil,  died  at  Lel)anon.  Ky..  March 
1.  '112.  .John  \S'heeler.  en.  .Iul>  30,  "61,  re-en. 
December.  "63,  dis.  July  11,  '6.j. 


SECOND  REGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


193 


Recruits — George  Burton,  drftd.  March  8,  '65, 
dis.  with  regt.  James  Crammond,  en.  February 
24,  '64,  dis.  with  regt.  Washington  Rader,  en. 
February  25,  "64,  dis  with  regt.  Geo.  W.  Stone, 
en.  September  23,  "61,  r^-en.  December,  '63,  pro. 
Corp.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Jonathan  B.  Serrel, 
en.  Februarj'  27.  '64,  pro.  Coi-p.,  dis.  with  regt. 
John  W.  Tewall,  en.  February  8,  '65,  dis.  witli 
regt. 

COMPANY  K. 

William  W.  Woodbury,  1st  Lieut.,  en.  August 
23,  '61,  pro.  Capt.  resigned  July,  '64. 

Privates — William  Hamilton,  en.  August  26, 
"61,  wd.  Chickamauga,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term 
Lyman  S.  Martin,  en.  August  30,  '61,  dis.  on 
expr.  of  term  August  30,  "64.  Chas.  W.  Strong, 
en.  August  26,  "61,  re-en.  December,  "64,  dis.  for 
disabl.  November,  10,  "63.  Lewis- ^^'akefield,  en. 
August  21,  '61,  dis.  for  disabl.  March,  '62.  Wil- 
liam AVilson,  en.  August  26,  "61,  dis.  by  reason 
of  wds.  rec'd.  at  Mill  Spring.  Godfleld  Dien. 
drftd.  May  26,  '64,  dis.  from  hospital,  '6-5.  John 
Kiser,  drftd:  May  28,  '64,  dis.  from  hospital,  '65. 
Warren  Merriman.  en.  May  28,  '64,  dis.  from 
hospital,  "65. 

SECOND    REGIMENT   INFANTRY, 

organized  July,  "61,  ordered  to  Louisville,  Ky.. 
October,  "61,  and  assigned  to  the  army  of  the 
Ohio.  Engaged  in  the  following  marches,  bat- 
tles, skirmishes  and  sieges,  viz :  Mill  Spring, 
January  19.  '62 ;  Siege  of  Corinth,  April,  '62 ; 
transferred  to  the  army  of  the  Tennessee,  Bragg's 
Raid,  Perryville,  October  8,  '62;  skirmishes  of 
the  Tullahoma  compaign,  Chickamauga,  Septem- 
ber 19  and  20,  '63 ;  Mission  Ridge,  Xovemljer  2-3, 
'63 ;  Veteranized  January,  "64.  Battles  and 
skirmishes  of  the  Atlanta  campaign,  viz : 
Resaca,  June  14.  1.5.  and  16,  '64;  Jonesboro, 
Sherman's  march  through  Georgia  and  the  Caro- 
Unas,  Bentonville.  ^larch  19,  "65.  Discharged  at 
Fort  SnelUng.  July  11,  "65. 

THIRD   REGI3IENT  INFANTRY. 

originally  commanded  by  Col.  Henry  C.  Lester. 
Levi  Butler,  Surgeon,  en.  November  11,  '61, 
resnd.  Septeml)er,  '63.  Moses  R.  Greeley,  Asst. 
Surgeon,  September  5,  '62,  dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY  A,  ENROLLED   OCTOBER,  '61. 

James  P.  Howlett,  1st  Lieut.,  ap.  regt.  Q.  M.. 
13 


res.  March  2,  "64.  Adolphus  Elliott,  2d  Lieut, 
pro.  1st  Lieut.,  dismissed  December  1,  '62.  E.  R. 
Jaques,  Sergt.,  re-en.  December  '64,  dis.  Septem- 
ber 2,  "65.  Joseph  II.  Smith,  Sergt.,  dis.  for 
disabl.  April  10,  "62.  Jesse  G.  .Jones,  Corp., 
pro.  Com.  Sergt.  October  5,  "63.  Alfred  B.  Rob- 
inson. Mus.,  dis.  for  disab.,  .June,  '62.  H.  F. 
Thompson,  Wag.,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term,  Sep- 
tember 30,  '64. 

Privates — William  Atkinson,  dis.  for  disabl. 
March  10,  "62.  Irenus  Atkinson,  re-en.  Decem- 
ber 23,  '63,  dis.  with  regt.  William  Bisko,  died 
at  Duvall's  Bluff,  Ark.,  September  11,  '63.  A.  B. 
Carson,  re-en.  December  23,  '63,  dis.  with  regt. 
Seldon  Coleman,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term  November 
14,  '64.  M.  N.  Coleman,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term 
November  14,  '64.  A.  N.  Coleman,  dis.  on  expr. 
of  term,  November  14,  '64.  John  A.  Coleman, 
dis.  for  disabl.  JiUy,  '62.  II.  L.  Councilman  dis. 
for  disabl.,  March  29,  '62.  A.  N.  Doyle,  dis.  on 
expr.  of  term,  November  14,  '64.  L.  E.  Dudley, 
dis.  for  disabl.,  February  5,  '63.  William  Foster, 
re-en.  December  23,  '63,  trans,  to  V.  R.  C,  Jan- 
uary 13,  '65.  Cornelius  Frederick,  re-en.  Decem- 
ber 23,  '63,  pro.  Corp.  and  discharged  with  regt. 
Dudley  Green,  dis.  for  disab.,  October,  '62. 
Thomas  11.  Green,  pro.  1st  Lieut,  in  the  57  V.  S. 
Col.  Inf.,  September  28,  '64.  M.  P.  Hamilton 
re-en.  December  23,  '63,  dis.  with  regt.  Ezra  M. 
Ileald,  re-en.  December  23,  '63,  dis.  with  regt. 
Samuel  W.  Ileald,  died  at  Columbus,  Ky.,  Sep- 
tember 10,  '63.  Daniel  II.  Hunt,  trans,  to  Y.  R. 
C,  November  18,  '63.  Abner  Hough,  pro.  1st 
Sergt.,  dis.  for  disabl.,  February  16,  '64.  John 
Jones,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term,  November  14,  '64. 
W.  A.  Kemp,  re-en.  December  23,  '63,  destd. 
February  3,  '65.  George  S.  Maxfleld,  re-en. 
December  23,  '63,  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt. 
Jos.  B.  McCaslin,  died  at  Little  Rock,  Ark., 
August  8,  '64.  Patrick  ^McDonald,  dis.  for  disabl. 
April  10,  '62.  George  W.  Moor,  pro.  Corp.,  dis. 
on  expr.  of  term,  November  14,  '64.  J.  V.  Mont- 
gomery, died  at  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  August  16,  '64. 
George  Nott,  dis.  for  disabl.,  July,  '62.  Josiah 
Oathoudt,  no  record.  Charles  W.  A.  Nudd,  pro 
Sergt.,  2d  Lieut.,  1st  Lieut,  and  Capt.,  res. 
August,  '64.  Ezra  F.  Peabody,  no  record.  Jay 
Pratt,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term,  November  14,  '64. 
James  C.  Price,  re-en.  December  23,  '63,  dis.  for 
disabl.,  July  21,  '65.    James  R.  Putnam,  pro.  2d 


194 


HISTOB  y  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Lieut.  Company  K.  Jamiary  fl.  "fiS.  res.  Septem- 
Iter  18.  "<il.     S.  .1.  IJaynmntl.  dii-d  i-n  route  from   ; 
Louisville  til   Xashville.  March   HI.  "(i2.     Edwin 
E.  lloss,  killed  at  Wood  Lake.  Minn..  Sejitemlier 
23,  '62.    Peter  Rosskop,  dis.  on  exjir.  of  term,  | 
Xovember  14,   "64.      William   M.   Stiles,  re-en.   | 
December  'I'A.  "63,   dis.   witli   regt.    Charles  M. 
Sydlinker.  dis.  on  expr.  of  Icnii.  Nov.  14.   lit. 

/ffcrK/'/.- -Joseph  Uraseh.  en.   Aiinusl  :i9.  "(i4. 
dis.  by  order  .Inly   23.  "(i.i.     C.  H.  McCansland. 
en.   Feliniar\.   2it.  "(54.  dis.  with  regl.     .John  S.   | 
Millett,  en.  Mar.  22,  "1)4.  dis.  by  order -J inie  20. "().'). 

7>y"f7f(/ -Henry  Dryer,  en.  .June  2-"i.  (U.  dis. 
with  rejjt.  Adam  Ilohenstein.  en.  ,)nne  2o,  "tU. 
dis.  with  rept.  Frcclerick  Slinlte.  en.  .June  2o. 
"«4.  dis.  with  re^t.  -Vnlhony  Trnnip.  en.  .June 
2-5,  'M,  dis.  by  order  June  20.  li-i.  Joseph  Palm, 
en.  Jmie  26,  ■tj4.  died  at  Pine  Bluff,  Ark..  Sep- 
tember 23.  "ii4. 

COMPANY    n. 

Pririilc — (ieorjre  Selon,  en.  Xovember  7.  'tU, 
re-en.  Eebrnary  2.  "(U.  dis.  by  order  A]iril  20.  fi.!. 

COMI'.VNY    1'. 

/'niv//c.s  -  James  H.  Deremer,  en.  Xovember  8. 
■'il.  re-en.  Dee.  20,  '(iS.  dis.  with  regt.  Baaron 
Fowley.  en.  Xovember  s.  "(il.  dis.  for  disab.  Feb- 
ruary o,  "<>3.  -N'eaniiali  Warts,  en.  Xovember  S. 
"61,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term.  Xovember  14,  "64. 

(d.Mr.VNV    <i. 

Pi-ii-«^.s- -Stephen  Hhodes.  en.  Xovember  6, 
"61,  pro.  Sergt.,  2d  Lieut.,  1st  Lienl.,  dismissed 
from  service.  James  W.  Kelsey,  drftd.  June  27, 
"04.  dis.  for  disab.  Septemlier  23,  '64.  Frank 
Ilalclicr.  drlld.  .Innc  20.  '04.  dis.  with  ic«t. 

((mi'ANV     II. 

I'riftili  I'eler  .Mcurer.  recruH.  cii.  Se|itciiilM'i' 
1,  '64.  dis.  liy  onler  .Im1\  2s.  o.",.  Iliiir\  l":iiie. 
en.  '04.  dis.  willi  ii'lcI. 

((IMI'AS^      I. 

Pn'ra**")!-  David  jiliirUliui  ii.  en.  November  6, 
■«1,  died  at  Snyder's  UlnlT.  Miss..  Jnh  10, '63. 
Pliilamler  Chamberlain,  en.  Xov.  li.  "01.  trans,  to 
Cci.  .\.  le-en.  December  "03. dis.  with  regt.  Clias. 
A.  Male.  en.  .November  0.  "01.  dis.  for  disabl. 
Kreilk.  liedlon.  en.  November  0."  01.  dis.  for 
disalil.  Novemlier  7.  "03.  Peter  \'ai!ner.  lecrnil. 
en.   Fel)iMai\    Il."'il.dis.  with   legl.     .\unusliii 


Shoret.  drftd.  June  2-5.  "04,  died  at  Memphis, 
Tenn..  Xovember  29.  "64. 

IIIIl;l>  liKlilMKNT   .MINNESOTA  INKANTltY. 

Organized  October.  1861,  ordered  to  Xashville, 
Tenn..  March,  1862.  captured  and  paroled  at 
Murfreesboro,  Tenn..  July.  1802,  ordered  to  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  thence  to  Minnesota.  Particiiiated 
in  the  battle  of  Woml  Lake.  Sejitemlier,  1S02, 
ordered  to  l-itlle  Hock.  Ark..  Xovember,  1863. 
\'eteraiii/.(Ml  January  1H04.  Engaged  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Kit/.hugirs  Woods.  .March  30.  1.S04:  order- 
ed t(i  Pine  liluff.  Ark..  April  isot:  thence  to 
Duvall's  HliilV  October  lso4:  mustered  out  at 
Duvairs  lilutl.  Seiitendier  2.  180.3;  discharged 
at  Fort  Siielliug. 

lonnll    HKOI.MEN'T    MINNESOTA    I  .\  1"A  N'I'K  Y. 

origiiiallv  commanded  by  Col,  John  B.  Sanborn. 

tU.'MI'ANV  A,  ENKOLLED  OCT.,  '01. 

Frivatci. — Thomas  Criiig,  wounded,  re-en.  De- 
cember 30,  "63.]iid.  Corp..  dis.  July  10.  "(ij.  Thom- 
as Small,  pro.  Corp..  killed  by  acdl.  dis.  of  gun, 
October  12.  "02.  Hufus  P.  Wells,  jno.  Corp.,  1st 
Lt.  Capt.  Co.  C..  Jauuaiy  7.  04.  dis.  with  regt. 
('has.  Barkow ,  recruit,  en.  "04.  dis.  with  regt. 

roMI'AXV    K.    ENUOI.I.ET)    OCI'..  "01. 

\\'illiam  Kiiable.  Corp..  lu'o.  Sergt..  dis.  at  ex. 
of  term.  Oct.  II.  "04. 

/'/•('la^f.s  — Martin  Luther,  died  September  23. 
'63.  Edward  ZiebarUi,  dis.  at  exp.  of  term,  Oc- 
tober II.  "04.  Charles  Ziebarth,  re-en.  January 
1,  "04.  pro.  Corp..  dis.  Jidy  bs.  "O.V 

c  IIMI'AXY    ('.    EN'Kdl.I.KI)    OCT..    "01. 

I'l-ii-dUs-  Andrew  .1.  I.rown.  die<I  Jan.  14,  "03. 
Otis  B.  Bailey,  dis.  lor  ilisidi.  Oct.2.  "02.  .Moody 
.\.  l!aile\.  dis.  loi-  disab..  .Mar<'li  2r>.  "03..  Joseph 
(;ci\ctte.  re-en.. dis.  .Iniie2s.  o.").  fur  disab.  John 
.N.  Moriell.  dis.  for  di.sab..  Seiitember  12.  '(52. 
Benjamin  A.  Hice,  re-en.  Jan.  1.  "04.  pro.  Corp.. 
dis.  with  regt.  Dow  Hoseidinrg.  dis.  for  disab.. 
December  0.  "02.  lienjamin  Bobinson.  dis.  on 
exp.  of  term.  Oitober  II. '04.  .lohn  H.  Wicli.dis., 
foi-  disab..  October  23.  '02.  Thomas  If.  Ueeves. 
re-en..  .lanuary  I.  01.  pm.  Cdip.  SeigL.dis.  with 
regt.  .Morris  Woesner.  re-en..  .lanuary  I.  '04. 
dis.  with  regt.  O.  N.  Washburn,  died  at  Farm- 
iiigloii.  .Miss,,  .\ugust  !■").  '02.  Carroll  Wilkins. 
dis.  exp.  term.  October  1  1 ,  '04. 


FIFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


195 


COMPANY  D. 

Privates — John  Alaltcaii,  en.  Aug.  30,  "64,  (lis. 
with  regt.  Walter  L.  "Winter,  drafted  May  27, 
"(34,  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regiment. 

COMPANY  E. 

Privates — James  Billing.s,  en.  October  10,  '61, 
re-en.  January  1,  '64,  dis.  witli  regt.  Ezra  M. 
Timson,  en,  October  10,  '61,  re-en.  January  1, 
"64,  dis.  with  regiment  Emil  Candeaux,  sub. 
January  6,  '65,  dis.  witli  regt.  Michael  Ilizer, 
drafted  December  14,  "64,  dis.  with  regt.  Leonard 
Lenzen,  en.  "64,  dis.  April  23,  '65. 

COMPANY  F. 

Privates — Richard  F.  Reeves  en.  November 
16,  '61,  re-en.  January  1,  '64.  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with 
regt.  R.  B.  Langdon.  en.  Seirteniber  2,  '64.  dis. 
by  order  June  12,  '65. 

COMPANY  G,  ENKOLLED   NOVEMIiEU.  "61. 

Joseph  Meyer,  Cor|i.  dis.  August  16.  "63  for 
pro.  in  12th  La.  VoFs. 

Privates— Vmuad  Brustle,  dis,  for  disab.  Sep- 
tember 8,  '62.  J.  F.  (irepe,  re-en.  January  1,  '64 
pro.  Corp.  Sergt.  dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  F.  Iloltz, 
dis.  for  disab.  July  29,  '62.  Clement  Lovely, 
dis.  for  disab.  August  11,  "iJ2.  Lott  Palmer, 
transferred  to  V.  H.  C. 

(■<IMPANY  II. 

W.  J.  ^Nlaxlielcl,  wag.  en.  Dfcemlier  20,  "01, 
re-en.  January  1,  "64,  dis.  July  19,  "65.  A.  L. 
Cummiugs,  priv.  en.  December  20,  '61,  dis.  for 
disab.  August  22.  "63. 

COMPANY   I. 

P77'ra(e— Ephriam  Dudley,  recruit,  en.  Septem- 
ber 2,  '64,  died  Oetolter  7,  "64.  of  wds.  rec'd.  at 
Altooiia.  Ga. 

COJIPANY    K. 

S.  M.  .Minidllin.  Corp.,  en.  Dec.  28,  "61.  died 
December  16,  "62,  at  (^uincy.  111. 

Pc/iK^f— Christian  Brezett,  drftd.  :May  28,  '64, 
dis.  with  regt. 

FOURTH    niCuniENT    INFANTRY, 

organized  December  23,  "61 ;  ordered  to  Benton 
Barracks.  Mo.,  April  19,  "62;  assigned  to  the 
army  of  the  Mississippi,  May  4,  '62  ;  participated 
in  the  following  battles,  skirmishes,  seiges,  and 
marches:  Seige  of  Corinth,  April,  "62;  luka, 
September  19,  '62  ;  Corinth,  Octolier  3  and  4,  '62  ; 


seige  of  A^icksburg.  Forty  Hills.  Raymond,  Jack- 
son, Champion  Hills.  Assault  of  A'icksburg,  cap- 
ture of  Vicksburg,  July  4,  '63  ;  transferred  from 
Seventeenth  to  Sixteenth  Corps,  Mission  Ridge, 
November  2o,  '63 ;  Veteranized,  January,  '64 ; 
Altoona,  July,  '64 ;  Slierman's  march  through 
Georgia  and  the  Carolinas,  Bentonville,  ^March 
20,  '65;  Mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  19, 
"65  ;  discharged  at  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota. 

FIFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY,  MINN.  VOLS., 

originally  commanded  by  Colonel  Rudoljih  Bor- 
gesrode. 

Field  and  Staff  Officers — William  H.  Leonard, 
Surgeon,  November  22,  '62,  pro.  from  Asst.  Sur., 
dis.  with  regt..  September  6,  '65.  James  F. 
Chaffee.  Chaiilain.  May  17,  "62,  res.  June.  23,  "62. 

COMPANY   D,  ENROLLED    MARCH,    '62. 

Louis  Carle,  Corp.,  destd.,  January  30,  '64. 
Pierre  Dupre,  Wag.,  destd.,  July  22,  '62. 

Privates — Michael  Brouillette,  dis.  for  disab., 
February  5,  '63.  Clement  Dubay,  re-en.,  March 
11,  '64,  dis.  with  regt.  Baptiste  Joinville,  re-en., 
February  19.  '64,  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regt.  Henry 
Kocher,  re-en.  Fel)niary  19,  '64,  pro.  Corp.  dis. 
with  regt. 

COMPANY    E.    ENROLLED    APRIL.    '62. 

Pririitfs — John  Barlialin,  re-en.  Fel)ruary  28, 
"64.  dis.  with  regt.  Killian  Barberich,  mortally 
wd.  bat.  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  December  16.  '64. 
died  December  21 ,  '64.  Jacob  Dill.  dis.  on  exp.  of 
term.  Michael  Fenerker,  killed  in  bat.  October 
4,  '62.  Joseph  Herman, dis.fordisab., September 
18,  '62.  Ferdinand  Kern,  died  at  Memphis,  Tenn., 
September  22,  '<i3.  Mathias  Logley,  wd.  October 
'62,  dis.  for  disab.,  March  31,  '63.  Julius  Motz, 
destd.,  January  2,  '63,  Alton  prison,  dis.  on  exp. 
of  term.  Anton  Marther,  re-eu.  JIarch  12,  '64, 
pro.  Corp.  wd..  December  16.  "64.  dis.  with  regt. 
Thomas  Reilly,  tnnisfii.  to  Co.  K.,  May  1,  '62, 
dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY  F,  ENROLLED  APRIL,  '62. 

Privates — Peter  Bottineau,  re-eu.  February 
13,  '64,  pro.  Corp  dis.  with  regt.  Andrew  Israel- 
son,  re-en.  March  20.  1864,  died  August  24,  '64, 
at  Abbeyville,  Miss.,  by  wounds.  Alfred  Jar- 
vis,  wounded  in  battle  Corinth,  dis.  for  disab. 
September  30,  '62.     Simon  Paul,  re-en.  February 


196 


mSTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


13.  '64,  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regt.  Severe  Reaoh. 
dis.  exp.  of  term  Marcli  23,  '66. 

COMPAXY  G. 

James  Heaiipre.  priv.  en.  April  24,  "62,  re-en. 
February  26,  "04.  di.s  with  regt. 

COMPANY  I,  ENROLLKD  .M'lilL.  1862. 

Timothy  OXeary,  Sergt.,  dis.  for  disab.  De- 
cpnil)er  8,  '62.  Henry  B.  Dike,  mns.,  re-en. 
Feliruary  27,  "64,  dis.  witli  regt.  Thomas  Quig- 
ley,  wag..  tninsferr.Ml  to  A'.  K.  C.  October  17. 
1864. 

Prirntes—'S.  J.  liiirns.  i)ro.  liosp.  steward, 
transferred  to  X.  C.  S.  Geo.  W.  Calvert,  pro. 
Corp.  Sergt.  re-en.  March  31, '64,  dis  with  regt. 
John  Daly,  dis  for  disab.  ilareh  5,  "63.  Daniel 
Leo,  destd.  March  14.   63,  at  Memphis.  Mc- 

Xame,  pro.  Corp.,  died  July  11,  "63.  .John  Mc- 
Laughlin, dested.  March  14,  "63,  at  Memphis. 
Patrick  Xoon,  dis.  for  disab.  Hugh  Weir.  pris. 
l)aroled  dis.  by  order  June  14.  'G-'>. 

COMPANY'  K. 

Pm-ales— Thomas  Reilly,  en.  March  4.  '62, 
transferred  to  Company  F,  Mar  31.  '64.  Thos. 
Walsh,  en.  January  7.  '62,  dis.  for  disab.  October 
4,  "62. 

SKKT(;U    OF    THE   FIFTH    REGIJUiNT,  IXFANTRY', 
MINNESOTA    VOLUNTEERS. 

Organized  May  '62;  ordered  to  Pittsburg 
Landing.  May  ii,  "62,  a  detachment  of  three  com- 
panies remaining  in  Miiniesota  guarding  frontier 
posts.  I'arlicipatcd  in  the  following  marches. 
battles,  sieges,  and  skirmishes  :  Siege  of  Corinth, 
April  and  May,  "62.  The  detachment  in  Minne- 
sota engaged  in  ))altle  with  Indians  at  Hedwood, 
Minn.,  .Vug.  is,  ■()2 ;  siege  of  Fort  liidgely,  Aug. 
20,  21,  22,  '62;  Fort  Abercrombie,  D.  T.,  August 
"62.  Hegiinent  assigned  to  Itith  ,\rmy  Corps. 
Kngaged  in  the  battles  of  Juka.  Sc]it.  is,  "62; 
Corinth,  Oct.  3  and  4,  '62;  Jackson.  Tenn.,  May 
14,  "63 ;  siege  of  Vicksl)urg.  assault  of  V'icksburg, 
May  22,  "63;  Meclianicsburg,  June  3, '63;  Rich- 
mond. June  l'>.  '63;  Fort  lic  Hussy.  La.,  March 
14,  "64;  Red  River  F.\iie(lilion,  March,  Ai)riland 
May,  '64 ;  Lake  Chicat,  June  6,  "64 ;  Tupeh). 
June.  '(14;  veteranized.  July.  'i\i :  .Abbcyville. 
August  23,  '64  ;  nuirched  in  Septend)er,  Hi.  from 
Hrowiisville,  Ark.,  to  CapeCiiradeau,Mo.;  thence 
b\    boat    to   JefTersou    Citv ;    thence    to    Kansas 


state  line;  thence  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  ordered  to 
Xashville,  Tenn.,  Nov.,  '64 ;  engaged  in  battles 
at  Xashville,  Dec.  lo  and  16,  "64:  Siianish  Fort 
and  Fort  Blakely,  April,  "6.5.  Mustered  out  at 
Demopolis,  Ala,  Sept.  6,  '65.  Discharged  at  Von 
Snelliiig. 

sixiii   iii:(iiMi:xr  iNF.wriiV. 

originall>    conmiandcd   b\    Col.   William  Crooks. 

(^OMI'ANV    A. 

Trivdffx — lolui  Wright,  en.  October  1,  '62. 
trans,  to  Thir<l  Minnesota  l$attery,  May  1,  "63. 
John  Chalmers,  eu.  ()ct<ilier  1,  "62,  pro,  Corp., 
dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY"   n,    ENROLLED   OCTOllER,    '62. 

Orlando  C.  Merriman.  ("apt.,  res.  June  6,  '64. 
William  (irant.  1st  ]/ieut.,  i)ro.  ('apt.,  June  6,  '64, 
dis.  with  regt.  August  19,  "6.5.  Henry  A.  Par- 
tridge, 2d  Lieut..  ])ro.  1st  Lieut.  June  6,  "64,  dis 
on  e.xpr.  of  term.  July.  "6o.  T.  H.  Wheeler,  1st 
Sergt.,  pro.  2d  Lieut.  June  6.  "64.  died  December 
30,  "64,  at  St.  Louis.  William  *Moore.  Sergt., 
pro.  2d  Lieut..  January  1.  '6.).  dis.  with  regt. 
F.  X.  Fleming.  Sergt..  pro.  1st  Sergt..  February 
14,  '6o,  dis  with  regt.  L.  1'.  I'lummer,  Sergt.. 
trans,  to  72d  colored  regt.,  as  2d  Lieut.  P. 
Benjamin,  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  AVilliam  1'.  C. 
Hawk,  Corp.,  dis.  for  disabl.  August  16,  "(i.) 
Edward  R.  Xorris,  Corp.,  pro.  Sergt..  dis.  for 
disabl.  September  17,  "64.  Bela  F.  Burrill.  Corp.. 
dis.  with  regt.  Leonard  T.  Voung.  Corji..  pro. 
Sergt..  dis.  Jtdy  2S,  "60.  Thomas  Ilainiey,  Cor))., 
pro.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  .lames  Lafans.  Corp.. 
dis.  with  regt.  Marcus  Browiicll.  Corp..  dis.  for 
disabl..  October  11, '64.  A.  B.  Robinson,  ^lus., 
dis.  with  regl.  .lames  TL  Jones.  Mus..  dis.  witli 
regt.  F.  S.  Mitclicll.  W-am..  dis.  by  onli'i'. 
May  3,  '60. 

/'/•("rnfp.s— Miles  .\llcii,  died  August  6.  "64.  at 
Helena.  .Vrk.  Simeon  .\uit.  transfd.  to  \'.  It.  C.. 
0<'tober  1.  "6.'i.  Ilaxid  .\iiLriis.  dis.  with  regt. 
El)en  J.  BragdoM.  died.  ,lauuar\  3.  'u.').  at  Jef- 
ferson Rarrack.i.  St.  Louis.  .Missouri.  Henry 
Brewer,  died.  November  L  '63.  at  Fort  Snelling. 
L.  M.  Bartlow.  tiausld  to  V.  K.  C..  October  1, 
'63.  William  II.  liartlow.  i>ro.  Corp..  dis.  with 
regt.  William  W.  liircli.iiied  Novendier  1,  "64,  at 
Jeffer.son  Barracks.  .Merrill  .\.  Hailey,  transfd  to 
\'.  R.  ('..  October  1.  r,:i.      .Mouzo  Mirch.   died  at 


SIXTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


197 


Fort  Snelling,  December  5,  '62.  James  C.  Bran- 
(If  11,  (lied  July  5,  '60,  at  Montgomery,  Alaliama. 
William  IJatdorf.  died  September  3,  'di,  at  Hele- 
na, Ark.  Benjamin  Colburn,  sick  in  hospital  at 
dls.  of  regt..  September  7,  '65.  Francis  A.  Clay, 
dis.  with  regt.  John  Chalmers,  transfd.  to  Com- 
pany A,  November  1 ,  "62.  Edwin  Cooley ,  transfd 
to  3d  Minn.  Batt.  Robert  Dike,  transfd  to  Y .  R. 
C,  October  1 ,  "63.  George  H.  Day,  dis.  for  disab.. 
May  23,  60.  Simeon  Farringtoii.  dis.  for  disab., 
February,  "65.  George  A.  Forbes,  transfd.  to  3d 
Minn.  Batt.  George  Forsyth,  dis.  June  2,  '62. 
J.  L.  Flemming.  dis.  per  order,  July  24,  "60. 
M.  A.  Getchell,  dis.  for  disab.  November  26,  '62. 
Jolin  Galbralth,  dis.  for  disab.  May  31 ,  "65.  Jona- 
than L.  Grave,  dis.  with  regt.  Charles  T.  Grave, 
dis.  with  regt.  Eben  Howe,  dis.  for  disab.,  Mardi 
2,  '63.  Samuel  Howe,  dls.  with  regt.  Joel  F. 
Howe,  transfd.  to  V.  R.  C,  October  1,  '63.  An- 
drew Huff,  pro.  Corp.  dls.  with  regt.  Charles 
H.  Hopper,  dis.  with  regt.  Peter  W.  Howe,  dis. 
for  disab.  March  28,  "63.  Levi  T.  Ilauson,  dis. 
October  11, '64,  at  Jefferson  Bks.  L.  C.  John- 
son dis.  for  disab.  March  21,  '64.  Charles  K. 
Jenkiiison,  transferred  to  V.  R.  C.  October  1, 
'63.  Levi  Longfellow,  transfd.  to  N.  C.  S.  as  prin- 
cipal musician,  dis.  with  regt.  March  1 .  "65.  <  'has. 
H.  Libby.  dis.  for  disab.  February  17,  "65.  A. 
S.  Lane,  dis.  with  regt.  August  19.  "60.  Wesley 
Lambert,  dis.  with  regt.  August  19,  "65.  S.  C. 
Miller,  transfd.  to  7th  regt.  October  14,  1862. 
Eniiis  McGary,  pro.  Ccnp.,  dis.  with  regt.  Sam- 
uel McLean,  dis,  for  disab.  May  9,  "63.  P.  ]Mc- 
Farland,  dis.  with  regt.  Robert  McLeod,  dis, 
for  disab.  May  9,  "63.  E.  M.  Jliinch.  dis.  for  disab. 
March  8,  "64,  Hiram  Millet  dis.  for  disali.  March 
2(1,  "63,  Lewis  Miller,  dis.  with  regt.  transfd, 
to  N.  C.  S.  as  principal  musician.  October  1(1,  64. 
James  jMcJlaiuis,  dis.  at  ^Montgomery,  Ala,  July 
10,  65,  Augustus  Miller,  dis.  for  disab.  May  8, 
"63.  Tlios.  O.  Nevens,  dis.  with  regt.  David 
Perkins,  died  in  hospital  January  26,  "63,  at  Ft, 
Snelling.  Samuel  N.  Pavitt,  dis.  for  disab.  No- 
vember 9,  "64.  John  Rank,  dis.  with  regt.  An- 
drew Ramsey,  dis.  for  disab.  Jtlarch  20,  "63,  Da- 
vid Ramsey,  dis.  with  regt.  August  19,  ls()5. 
Daniel  S.  Styner,  pro.  Sergt.  dis.  with  regt. 
Enos  P.  Stubbs,  died  October  21,  "64,  at  Helena, 
Arkansas.  William  R.  Shepard,  discharged  by 
order  May  3,  '65.   John  D.  Stafford  dis,  with  regt. 


Richard  F.  Smith,  des.  Feb.  9,  63.  at  Camp  Pope. 
Silas  Somers,  died  November  9,  "64,  at  Jefferson 
Barracks.  Andrew  Thompson,  pro.  Corp.,  dis. 
with  regt.  Stephen  Talbert,  destd.  June  2,  "63, 
at  Camp  Pope.  Samuel  D.  Thompson,  dis.  with 
regt.  Darius  E.  Tidd,  destd.  January  28,  "63,  at 
Fort  Snelling.  John  C.  Vast,  dis.  with  regt. 
Ephriam  Whitney,  dis.  for  disabl.  Febraary  1 .  "63. 
Franklin  Wliitney,  destd.  January  15,  '63,  at 
Fort  Snelling.  Alexander  Wood,  trans,  to  Third 
Minnesota  Battery.  Urich  H.  Wilson,  dis.  for 
disabl..  May  3,  '65.  Herman  Wolf,  destd.  Dec- 
cember  15.  '62,  while  on  leave  of  absence. 
H.  M.  Young,  dis.  with  regt.  Jesse  B.  Yonng. 
flis.  for  disabl.,  March  19,  '65. 

Recruits — Darius  A.  Keyes,  en.  March  2.  "64, 
dis,  with  regt.  Henry  A.  Kenneston,  en.  March 
2,  "64,  dis,  with  regt.  Robert  ^Munn,  en.  March 
2,  "64,  dis.  with  regt.  Tlieo.  A.  Norris,  en.  ^larch 
2,  '64,  dis.  with  regt.  Jas.  H.  Shimin,  en.  March 
2,  '64,  dis.  with  regt.    John  Smithson,  en.  March 

28,  "64.  dis.  with  regt.  George  Stout,  en.  March 
2,  "64,  dis.  per  order,  August  3,  '65.  C.  O. 
Thomas,  en.  April  2,  '64,  dis.  with  regt.  C.  E. 
Thomas,  en.  February  24,  '64,  dis.  with  regt. 
J.  L.  Waketiekl,  en.  February  24,  '64.  dis.  with 
regt.  William  R.  Champlin.  en.  February  27,  "64, 
dis.  for  disabl..  Jinie  12.  "65.  James  Holloran. 
en.  February  25,  "64,  trans,  to  Company  F.,  dis. 
with  regt.  Luther  Huff,  en.  February  27,  "64, 
died  October  10,  "64,  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  ilo. 
George  D.  Ingraham,  en.  February  6,  "64.  dis. 
for  disabl..  May  18,  '65.  Peter  Jenson,  en.  Feb- 
ruary 29,  '64,  dis,  for  disabl.,  December  8,  "64. 
Selah  Label,  Jr.,  en.  February  16,  '64,  trans,  to 
Y.  H.  C.,  January  10,  '65,  George  E,  Longfellow, 
en.  March  30,  '64,  died  June  29,  '65,  at  St.  Louis. 
Isaac  Mendenhall,  en.  February  27,  "64,  dis.  for 
disabl.,  October  24,  '64.  John  B.  Robhison,  en. 
February  29,  '64,  died  August  30,  '64,  at  Helena, 
Ark.  Eben  M.  Rathbone,  en.  Febniary  26,  '64, 
dis.  per  order,  August  2,  "65.  "William  B.  Pal- 
mer, en.  February  26,  "64,  dis.  for  disabl.,  Fel)ru- 
ary,  '65.     WilUam  C.  F"lemming.  en.  February 

29,  "64,  died  December  23,  '64,  while  on  sick 
leave.  D.  B.  Champlin,  en.  February  26,  '64, 
died,  August  12,  "64,  at  Helena.  Ark. 

COMPANY  C,  ENROLLED  OCTOBEU,  '62. 

Privates — Jolm  Barron,  dis.  for  disab.  Decem- 


198 


jiJsTom'  OF  HEsynriy  cousty. 


ber  9.  '64.  Samuel  Clark,  pro.  oorp.,  (lis.  witli 
regt.  Thomas  Hughes,  traiisfd.  to  iuvaliil  corps, 
January  28,  '65.  John  H.  Kelley,  dis.  with  regt. 
John  Logan,  dis.  with  regt.  Ale.x  Leighton.  dis. 
for  disal).  April  'l^.  "(j;!  Samuel  McClay.  pro. 
Corp.,  2d  Lieut.,  1st  Lieut.,  dis.  with  regt. 

Recruits— J ohu  Stan-ett,  en.  Feb.  27,  "Ci.  pro. 
Corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  Clinton  L.  Babcock.  en. 
Feb.  29.  '64.  died  Au'.nist  Hi.  lH(j4.  at  Helena. 
Ark. 

CO.MrANY   I).  K.N  liOl.I.KI)    SK1"T..   1862. 

Joseph  ('.  Wliilney.  ('apt.,  com.  ('apt.  and  A. 
Q.  M.,  Vols. ,  Feb.  23,  '65.  Shepherd  H.  King.  1st 
Lt.,  resigned  August  5,  "04.  Daniel  W.  Albaugh, 
2d  Lt.,  pro.  1st  Lt..  October  7,  "64,  dis.  by  order 
December  27,  '64.  Wm.  F.  Atkinson,  1st  Sergt., 
dis.  for  disab.  October  12.  "64.  Geo.  R.  Adams, 
Sergt.,  died  October  12,  "64,  at  Jefferson  Barracks, 
Mo.  Geo.  E.  Case.  Sergt..  pro.  2d  Lt..  October 
7,  "64,  1st  Lt.  January  21.  "ijo.  dis.  with  regt. 
Elijah  Farrington.  Sergt.,  dis.  for  disab.  Feb.  25, 
'6o.  Henry  Snyder.  Corp.,  dis.  by  order.  May  24, 
'65.  Isaac  D.  Carr,  Corp..  transfd.  to  V.  K.  C. 
Nov.  20,  '68.  Reuben  Roljinson,  pro.  Sergt.,  dis. 
with  regt.  Washington  Pierce,  dis.  with  regt. 
Henry  E.  Selder,  dis.  with  regt.  Elias  G.  Brown, 
pro.  Sergt..  dis.  with.  regt.  .Inhn  Wait.  dis.  with 
regt.  John  S.  Day.  dis.  with  regt.  Geo.  \. 
Cressey,  Mas., dis.  with  regt.  Hannibal  Hodson . 
absent,  sick  at  Xew  Orleans  when  regiment  was 
discharged.  John  F.  Bell,  Wag.,  absent,  sick  at 
Memphis,  Tenn..  wlu-n  regt.  wa.s  discharged. 

fniv(fc.<— James  Allen,  ilis.  with  regt.  (ieorge 
Ames,  pro.  corj).,  ilis.  with  regt..  October  lo.  "04. 
William  C.  Brown,  dis.  per  order,  June  27, '65, 
James  AV.  Baird,  dis.  with  regt.  Charles  T. 
Beedy,  dis.  with  regt.  Asa  D.  Brown,  dis.  with 
regt.  John  O.  Bedcn.  dis.  with  rc^t.  Frank  S. 
Coflin,  dis.  with  regt.  F.  .M.  Caiuian.  absent 
sick  on  dis.  of  regt.  Edgar  1(.  (cirustock,  dis. 
with  regt.  Hobert  B.  Collin,  <lis.  with  regt.  S. 
\V.  Costellow,died  October  2H.  lhi)4.at  .Memphis. 
George  E.  Collins,  died  May  14.  'li'i.  at  New  Or- 
leans. Henry  Cin'tis.  dis.  with  regt.  M.  W. 
Cotes,  died  July  :tl.  '1)4.  at  Helena.  .\rk.  Uul'us 
E.  Draper,  dis.  for  disab..  .Vjiril  25.  "65.  Thomas 
D.  Dudley,  dis.  with  regt.  Nelson  I)iiliu(|ue. 
dis.  with  regt.  Edwin  Edgerly.  ilischargeil  with 
regiment.       Enos  \V     Kilni.-ui.   died   Sc|iiciiilicr 


l.S.  "64.  at  Jefferson  Barracks.  C.  P.  Fletcher, 
dis.  with  regt.  Julius  Farrington.  dis.  for  disab. 
June  23,  "65.  William  B.  Franklin,  dis.  with 
regt.  James  S.  Foster,  dis.  for  disab.,  October 
24,  '64.  Austin  L.  Fenlason.  dis.  with  regt. 
Allen  L.  Goodrich,  on  detached  service  when 
regt.  was  dis.  Charles  E.  (Jalpin.  died  Septem- 
ber 13,  "64,  at  Memphis.  Joseph  Goyette,  dis.  per 
order.  May  19.  "(io.  All)ert  F.  (Jrove.  dis.  with  regt. 
Wm.  A.  Hawkins,  dis.  with  regt.  Franz  T. 
Heiss.  dis.  with  jegt.  E.  T.  HaniiUon.  dis.  for 
disab.  .March  20,  '(iS.  Geo.  A.  Hills,  dis.  per 
order  February  16.  "(io.  James  H.  Harmon,  dis. 
per  order  May  25,  '65.  Edwin  Jackson,  dis.  with 
regt.  Chas.  W.  Johnson,  dis.  with  regt.  Jos. 
A.  James,  dis.  with  regt.  Thos.  P.  James,  trans- 
ferred to  3d  Minn.  Battery.  May  1.  '03.  Henry 
Jackson,  dis.  June,  5,  "63.  Silas  Livingston,  dis. 
with  regt.  pro.  Corp.  Charles  Lansing,  dis.  with 
regt.  Levi  L.  Leathers,  dis.  with  regt.  Alfred 
Loftus.  absent  sick  on  dis.  of  regt.  Andrew  Lay- 
man, dis.  with  regt.  James  McConncll.  dis.  willi 
regt.  Wm.  W.  Mills,  dis.  with  regl.  Joliu  Mc- 
Kiniball.  ilis.  with  regl.  ('has.  H.  Mooic.  dis. 
with  regt.  Wesley  Neill.  dis.  with  regl,  Levi 
Neill  died  November  1 1 .  "ti2.  al  ]\Iankalo.  James 
Pratt,  dis.  per  order.  .Max  lii.  05.  Ezra  Paine, 
dis.  per  order,  May  17.  "05.  EcUlie  Powers,  dis. 
with  regt.  Dean  K.  Richardson,  dis.  with  regt. 
Theodore  Ray,  dis.  witli  regl.  .lolm  H.  Richard- 
son, dis.  per  order.  .May  3.  "lio.  Russell  W.  Rock 
dis.  for  disab.  January  14.  05.  Wm.  H.  Suther- 
land, transferreil  lo  V.  H.  C.  Xovendier  20,  1H63. 
Arelas  Smith,  dis.  with  regt.  .\lbioii  Slimson, 
dis.  with  regl.  (ieorge  Storrs.  Irausfd  lo  \.  R. 
C.  November  2(1.  "o:!.  William  K.  Slinisou.  sick 
at  Prairie  du  Cliieii  at  (li>.  of  regt.  Oscar  II. 
Slicjilcy.  (lis.  jirr  order.  .Iiiiic  22.  "05.  Cliiislo- 
pher  Swagcrt,  dis.  for  disali.  Iroin  wds.  reed,  al 
Birch  Coolii'.  dale  iniknowu.  .lohii  S.  Stoops. 
dis.  fordisab..  Octolirr  17.  'ni.  Darius  1).  Sulli- 
erland.  transfd.  to  Invalid  Corps,  Nov.  20,  '03. 
John  C.  Shrcwsberry.  died  December  9,  '(i2,  at 
Forest  <'it\.  .Minn.  Svlvaiius  Stiiison,  sick  at 
Prairie  du  Chien  on  dis.  of  regt.  Isaiah  Thomp- 
son, died  N'ovember  17.  "04.  al  Jefferson  Marracks. 
Mo.  Willard  S.  Wliitiuorc.  dis.  per  onlcr.  .May 
10.  -(ii.  William  II.  II.  Williams.  Iransf.l,  to  .'id 
.Mimi.  Halt..  .Ma.\   I.  'i;:!. 

Uirriiils      William    II.    lill^ll.   en.   .Mari-li  s.  "lU. 


SEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY, 


199 


died  May  7,  '65,  at  St.  Louis  Ilosp-.Xew  Orleans. 
La.  David  C.  Uiown.  en.  February  3,  '64.  dis. 
\^-ith  regt.  John  W.  Brown,  en.  February  27,  '64, 
dis.  for  disab. ,  October  21 ,  '64.  Charles  A.  Gates, 
en.  February  9,  "64.  died  October  16,  "64,  at  Jef- 
ferson Barracks.  St.  Louis.  IXelson  T.  Derby, 
en.  February  27,  'tU,  dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  A. 
Fisher,  en.  October  7,  '63,  dis.  with  regt.  Peter 
Filbert,  en.  February  24,  '64,  dis.  for  disab., 
March  9,  '65.  Charles  H.  Jordan,  en.  March  30, 
'64,  died  November  14.  '64.  at  Chicago.  Samuel 
Layman,  en.  February  9.  '64,  dis.  for  disab.  Dec. 
20,  '64.  Charles  II.  Mulliner,  en.  February  24, 
"64,  dis.  for  disab.,  June  11.  ''&'■■>■  Josiah  Richard- 
son, en.  April  15.  '63.  died  October  17.  64,  at  Jef- 
ferson Barracks.  John  Roth,  en.  February  24. 
'64,  dis.  with  regt.  Ira  Sanford,  en.  February  24. 
"64,  transfd.  to  Y.  R.  C,  January  15,  '65.  Michael 
Wolf.  en.  February  26,  '64,  died  January  18,  '65, 
at  St.  Louis,  yU). 

COMPANY  I,  ENROLLED  AUGUST,  '62. 

P)-if«te. —  Joseph  Burchfleld,  dis.  with  regt. 
Nickolas  Mauren.  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY  K.  ENROLLED    OCTOBEK.   '62. 

Privates.— T\ieo.  D.  JSIiller.  transfd.  to  3d  Minn. 
March  17.  '64.  George  Thomas,  transfd.  to  "\'. 
R.  C.  Jan.  21.  '65.  Wm.  T.  Wier.  died  July  30. 
'64,  at  Helena.  Ark. 

Jfecci(i7s.— Michael  Purcell.  en.  Jan.  4.  '64.  dis. 
with  regiment. 

Sixth  Regiment  was  organized  August.  '62  : 
ordered  upon  Indian  expedition  of  "62.  Detach- 
ment of  200  engaged  in  battle  at  Bircli  Coolie 
Sept.  2,  '62.  Regiment  participated  in  battle 
of  Wood  Lake.  Sept.  22.  "62.  Regiment  garri- 
soning frontier  posts  from  Nov.  '62.  until  May  "63, 
when  ordered  upon  Indian  expedition.  P^ngaged 
with  Indians  July  24.  26  and  28.  "63.  stationed 
at  frontier  posts  from  Sept.  18,  '63,  to  June  5, 
"64,  when  ordered  to  Helena,  Ark.  Ordered  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Nov.  '64,  then  to  New  Orleans 
January  "65.  Assigned  to  16th  Army  Corps. 
Participated  in  engagements  of  Spanish  Fort  and 
Fort  Blakely,  April  '65.  Discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling  August  19,  '65. 

SEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTKY, 

organized  August,  '62,  and  originally  commanded 
by  Colonel  Stephen  A.  Miller. 


Albert  A.  Ames.  asst.  Surgeon,  en.  August  28. 
"62,  pro.  Sm-geon.  July  23.  "64.  dis.  with  regt. 
COMPANY   c. 
A.  A.  Tliayer.  jiriv..  en.  February  11.  "65.  dis. 
with  regt. 

COMPANY   F. 

Pr(r((/e.— Caleb Hosford,  en.  August  9.  "62.  dis. 
for  disab..  September  17.  '64. 

The  Seventh  regiment  was  organized,  August. 
1862  ;  ordered  upon  Indian  Expedition  of  1862  ; 
engaged  in  battle  of  'Wood  Lake,  Minnesota. 
September  22.  "62  :  stationed  at  frontier  posts 
until  May,  '62.  when  ordered  upon  Indian  Expe- 
dition ;  engaged  with  Indians.  July  24.  26  and 
28.  '63 ;  ordered  to  St.  Louis.  Mo..  October  7,  "63  i 
thence  to  Paducah  Ky..  Ajiril.  "64:  thence  to 
Memphis.  Tenn..  and  assigned  to  Sixteenth  Army 
Corps.  June.  "64 ;  participated  in  the  following 
battles,  marches,  sieges  and  skirmishes  :  Tupelo. 
July.  "64  ;  Tallahatchie.  August  7tli  and  8th.  64  : 
march  in  pursuit  of  Price,  from  Brownsville. 
Ark.,  to  Cape  Girardeau  ;  thence  by  boat  to  Jef- 
ferson City ;  thence  to  Kansas  line  ;  thence  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.:  battles  of  Xashville.  Tenn..  Dec. 
loth  and  16th,  '64  ;  Spanish  Fort  and  Fort  Blakely, 
April,  "65.  Discharged  at  Fort  Snelling,  Minn  , 
August  16,  '65. 

EIGHTH  UEGIMENT.  INFANTRY. 

Originally  commanded  by  Colonel  Minor  T. 
Thomas.  Major,  Geo.  A.  Camp:  Nov.  20.  1862: 
resigned  May  21.  1865.  Assistant  Surgeon.  Wm. 
II.  Rause:  September  12.  1862:  Discharged  July 
11,  1S65. 

COMPANY  A,  ENROLLED  OCTOBER.  "62. 

AVilliam  P.  Ives.  Sergt..  pro.  First  Sergt.  Aug- 
ust 1.  "63.  dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  H.  Edwards, 
Sergt..  killed  by  Indians  in  Meeker  county.  Minn.. 
September  11.  "63. 

P/iiY(*f.s— Frederick  T.  Bird,  dis.  in  hospital 
June  23.  65.  Albert  B.  Damon,  dis.  with  regt. 
Joseph  Downs,  dis.  per  order  June  3,  "65.  Chris- 
tian Johnson,  dis.  in  hospital  August  27,  1865 
Warren  T.  Sevey,  dis.  with  regt.  Chas.  Shea, 
dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  S.  Walker,  dis.  with 
regiment. 

COMPANY  E.  ENROLLED  OCTOBER.  "62. 

James  F.  Bradley.  Sergt..  dis.  November  16, 
"63.  for  pro.  in  Company  I.     Emerson  J.   Wood- 


200 


HIS'IXJliY  OF  IJENNHFIN  COUNTY. 


ward,  Corp.  dis.  January  19.  "64  for  pro.  in  U.  S. 
col'd.  Infantrj\  AVui.  I).  I^ane.  niiis.  dis.  with 
regiment. 

PrivatcK. — Wui.  F.  IJaglfV,  dis.  in  liiisp.  June 
12,  "65.  Micliael  Batterburg,  dis.  with  regiment. 
Joseph  Vadner.  Jr.,  dis.  with  regt.  J.  L.  Jelli- 
son,  dis.  with  regt. 

COMPAXY  U. 

Michael  Xill.  priv.  en.  Octolier  3(i.  'n-2.  dis  with 
regiment. 

COMP.VXY  K.  EXROLLKD  SEPTEMBER,  "62. 

Hubert  Weber,  Sergt.,  dis.  witli  regt. 

Privaks — David  13irt,  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with 
regt.  Theo.  Goris,  dis.  with  regt.  Chas.  Henry, 
pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  regt.  Joliii  Kreanier.  dis. 
with  regt.  John  Kunz.  dis.  witli  regt.  Xavier 
Kohler,  dis.  with  regt.  Theodore  Rosch,  killed 
l)y  Indians  on  rear  guard  to  Capt.  Fisk's  expedi- 
tion September  2.  1804.  John  Sehemlein,  dis. 
with  regt.  ilikel  Schmitz,  dis.  with  regt.  Jolui 
Wetzel,  dis.  with  regt.  Henry  Yentsch.  dis. 
with  regt. 

EIGHTH  KEGIMENT  INFANTRY. 

Organized  August  1.  ■<>2 ;  stationed  at  frontier 
posts  until  May,  '64,  when  ordered  upon  Indian 
Expedition ;  engaged  in  tlie  following  battles, 
marches,  sieges  and  skinnislies  :  Tah-eha-o-ku-tii. 
July  28,  "tU;  battles  of  tlie  Cedars.  Overall's 
Creek;  ordered  to  Clifton,  Tennessee ;  tlienoe  to 
Cincinnati;  tlience  to  Washington:  tlience  to 
Wilmington;  tlience  to  Xewbern.  X.  ('.;  battle 
of  Kingston,  March  8, 9, 10,  "G-d  ;  must«red  out  at 
Charlotte.  X.  C.  July  11.  "O.o .  dis.  at  Fort  Snel- 
hng. 

NINTH    lUCGI.ME.NT    INK.VNTIiV. 

originally  commanded  by  Col.  Alexander  Wilkin. 

Charles  W.  Le  Boutillier,  Surgeon,  en.  October 
10,  "W.  died  .Vpril  H.  "tiH.  at  St.  Peter.  Minn. 

Joel  Hanily.  I'rin.  mus.  en."  Xoveniber  10, 'i)2. 
ilied  a  prisoner  al  .Viidcrsonville.  (ia..  .Vugust  22, 
lhi54. 

OOMl'ANV    A.    liNltOl.LKI)   Allil'Sl',  "(i2. 

(ieorge  A.  Camp,  Capt..  pro.  Maj.  Kiglith  Hegt.. 
Xovember  20,  "62,  res.  May  2,  "Ho.  Jonathan 
Clia.se  1st  Lieut,  pro.  Capt.,  res.  October  '>.  '08. 
Harrison  Jones,  2d  Lieut.,  pro.  1st  Lieut,  and 
Capt.,  dis.  with  regt.  lienjamin  P.  Schiller,  1st 
Sergt.,  pro.  2d  Lieut.  Isl  J.,ieut..  Capt.  Co.  H.. 


December  16,  "64,  dis.  with  regt.  Leonidas  M. 
Lane,  Sergt.,  pro.  2d  Lieut.,  dis.  per  order  May  1.5, 
'65.  Henry  A.  C.  Thompson.  Sergt..  pris.  at  Ander- 
sonville  7  mos.,  dis.  with  regt.  David  B.  Ellis, 
Sergt.,  dis.  for  disab.  Xov.  22,  '64.  Beverly  C.  Bon- 
ham.  Sergt.,  pris.  at  Andersonville  7  mos.,  dis. 
with  regt.  Abner  A.  Spencer,  Corp.,  dis.  for  disab.. 
May  30,  'Ho.  Alfred  (i.  Snow.  Corp.,  pro.  Sergt.. 
dis.  in  hospital,  "6o.  Charles  Ester,  Corp.,  pro. 
Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Charles  Schorrod,  Corp., 
died  October  29.  "64.  at  Savannah,  (ia.  Louis  C. 
Tenison.  Corp..  died,  date  not  on  record.  Daniel 
Hutehins,  Corp.,  killed  June  10,  "(54.  at  Brice 
Cross  Roads,  Miss.  James  A.  Lennon.  Corp.. 
transfd.  to  Y.  R.  C.  X'ovember  20.  "63.  James 
.V.  Woodcock.  Corp.  died  December  6. "64.  at  Cairo, 
Ills.  William  S.  O'Brien,  Mus.  dis.  with  regt.  .Ed- 
mund F.  Warren,  mus..  dis.  with  regt.  George  W. 
White.  Wag.,  died  Septoniber  14. '04.  al  Ander- 
sonville, Ga. 

Privates — Geo.  P.  Baldwin,  pm.  CJ.  M.  Sergt.. 
transfd.  to  X"'.  C.  S.  Xovember  17,  1K63.  dis.  for 
disali.  X'ovember  20.  '64.  Hiram  A.  Barnard, 
died  September  10.  '04.  at  Ander.sonville.  (ia. 
Miron  W.  Bartlett.  dieil  December  14.  "62.  at  Fort 
Ridgely,  Minn.  Richmond  II.  Barrows,  died 
February  1.5,  '65,  at  Memphis.  Tcim.  Alon/.o 
Bragdon.  dis.  per  order.  May  13.  'li.j.  Chas.  E. 
IJiirrell.  dis.  in  hosjiital.  'lio.  Daniel  Cameron. 
dis.  for  disab.  .Vjiril  3,  '64.  T.  Campbell,  dis.  for 
wound  reed,  at  Brice  Cross  Roads.  John  B. 
Chase,  died  at  Vicksburg,  date  not  given.  Berton 
F.  Cooley.dis.  with  regt.  John  M.  (^irmack.dis. 
for  disab.  ,\))ril  1.  "63.  .Vinos  Day.  died  (3ct.  14. 
'ot.  al  Savaiinali.  (ia.  ('has.  .\.  Dclviii.  dis.  for 
ilisali.  March  23.  '64.  .Iciemiali  Desnion.  dis. 
w  ith  regt.  (ieo.  A.  Domaii.  dis.  with  regt.  Jerome 
Dumas,  died  at  Savanah,  Ga..  date  not  given. 
Charles  Farron,  dis.  for  disab.  Cliarles  T.  Ful- 
lerton,  dis.  with  regt.  Lewis  Gormoch,  dis.  for 
disab.  March  '2'>.  'o|,  (Jeorge  (ioodwiii.  died 
Oi'lober  3.  '(il.  at  Andersonville.  (ia.  HiiilcN 
Gooduiii,  (lis,  with  regt.  Frank  (inodwin,  de- 
serted Xovember  7.  '63.  at  Fort  Snelling,  .Minn. 
Simon  (iood win.  il is.  for  disab.  April  3,  '63.  Josepli 
H.i.oiild.  laptiired  al  Ji rice  Cross  Roads,  June 
10.  '64.  dis.  with  regt.  Josepli  (!ray.  dis.  fordisab., 
date  not  given,  (ieo.  W.  Hall,  dis.  with  regt. 
Chas.  R.  Haven,  dis.  for  disab..  .Iinie  2s.  'i;.'). 
Tiliston  Heath,  transfd.  to  Y.  li.  C.  October  1, 


NINTH  BEQIMENT  INFANTRY. 


201 


'63.  David  L.  Hewitt,  dis.  with  regt.  Burdet 
Iluniplirey,  dis.  for  disab.  October  9,  "62.  Geo. 
A.  Kenedy;  captured  at  Brice  Cross  Roads,  pris- 
oner 7  mos.,  dis.  with  regt.  Joseph  Kelene,  died 
Sept.  8,  '62,  of  wound  received  at  Birch  Coolie. 
James  II.  Leigliton,  dis.  per  order  July  10,  '65. 
Samuel  K.  Lewis,  dis.  for  disab.  May  8,  "63.  Wm. 
R.  Mangdon,  dis.  for  disab.  May  3,  "63.  Samuel 
M.  Mai'oinber.  died  at  Louisville.  Ky..  date  un- 
knciwii.  Thomas  Mavy,  killed  March  81,"6o,  in 
battle  at  Spanish  Fort,  Ala.  Patrick  McBride. 
captd.  at  Brice  Cross  Roads,  prisoner  7  mos.,  dis. 
With  regt.  John  McCriiiiiuon.  dis.  with  regt. 
James  McCost,  captd.  at  Brice  Cross  Roads,  pris- 
oner 7  mos.  Lewis  McDonald,  dis.  for  disab. 
April  3.  "(53.  John  McDougal,  died  August  28. 
"64,  at  Andersonville,  Ga.  Alon/o  D.  Meads, 
died  January  22,  "63,  at  Fort  Ridgely,  Minn. 
Samuel  ^V^  Merrill,  dis.  for  disability,  date 
unknown.  James  W.  Marden.  died  August 
28th.  iKfit.  at  Andersonville  Prison.  Ga. 
Carlostiu  Morton,  d's.  for  disabl..  April  4,  "64 
•Limes  Peaver,  destd.  March  10,  "63,  while  on 
furlough.  Samuel  Peaver,  destd.  March  20,  "63, 
while  on  furlough.  John  W.  Pell,  dis.  with  regt. 
John  T.  Pomeroy,  dis.  iier  order.  May  23,  6o. 
(ieorge  W.  Pomeroy.  captd.  at  Brice  Cross  Roads, 
pris.  7  mos.,  dis.  with  regt.  Joseph  ^I.  Prescott. 
dis.  for  disabl..  May  24,  "64.  Joseph  Richards, 
died  in  prison  at  Savannah,  Ga..  date  unknown. 
Charles  II.  Ricker.  dis.  per  order,  ilay  19,  '65. 
Stephen  Rogerson,  pro.  corp.  dis.  with  regt., 
Henry  E.  Seelye,  dis.  per  order,  May  29,  "65. 
George  P.  Shoppe.  died  August  5.  "64.  Memphis. 
Tenn.  Paul  T.  Shoppe.  died  at  Annapolis.  ]Md.. 
date  not  given.  James  H.  Sinclair,  dis.  with 
regt.  Hugh  Smith,  died  October  10,  "64.  prisoner 
at  Savannah,  Ga.  Charles  II.  Spencer,  captd.  at 
Brice  Cross  Roads,  pris.  7  mos.,  dis.  with  regt. 
Warren  C.  Stetson,  pro.  corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  Wm. 
J.  Stockton,  dis.  with  regt.  Jlortimer  M.  Swin- 
gler,  dis.  with  regt.  James  E.  Styles,  pro.  Corp. 
dis.  with  regt.  William  F.  Todd,  dis.  per  order. 
June  5,  "65.  Sylvanus  Weeks,  dis.  for  disabl.. 
May  12,  "63-  (ieorge  Wethern.  dis.  per  order, 
July  11,  65." 

COMPANY   li,  ENKOLLEI)   AUtiL'ST,  1862. 

Ifichard  Strout,  Capt..  dis.  (ler  order,  March  9. 
"64.     William  A.  Clark,  1st  Lieut.,   pro.  Capt. 


April  17,  '64,  died  Aug.  21,  "65,  at  Minneapolis. 
Curtis  McCane,  2d  Lieut.,  pro.  1st  Lieut,  dis.  per 
order.  May  15.  "65.  Ezra  T.  Carr,  1st  Sergt.  wd. 
by  Indians  at  Acton,  Minn.,  dis.  for  disabl.  June 
19,  '63.  L.  A.  Babcock,  Sergt.  died  September 
18,  "64.  while  in  Andersonville  pris.  C.  J,  At- 
water,  Sergt.,  dis.  for  disabl.,  February  10,  '64. 
Jaques  Winter,  Corp.,  pro.  Sergt.  March  1,  '65. 
Austin  Knight,  Corp.,  dis.  per  order,  June  14, 
"65.  Seneca  M.  Tarvin,  Corp..  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
George  Herrick,  Corp.,  pro.  1st  Sergt.,  dis.  with 
regt.  Samuel  Gowell,  Corp..  pro.  Sergt.,  dis. 
with  regt.  Henry  T.  Minton,  Corp.,  dis.  for 
disabl..  May  23,  '64.  James  A.  ^Ames,  Mus.,  dis. 
per  order,  July  27,  "65.  S.  L.  Fillmore,  Wag., 
died  September  29.  '64,  at  Memphis. 

Priviites. — James  Adcock.  died  August  22,  "64 
at  Andersonville  Ga.  William  B.  Atwater,  dis. 
wliile  absent  from  regt.  August  1.  "65.  Wm.  H. 
Brown,  dis.  per  order  July  10,  "65.  George  W. 
Baldwin,  pro.  Corp.  December  31,  '64.  Abner  C. 
Bennett,  died  March  17,  '63  at  Hutchinson,  Minn. 
Alex.  J.  Bothwick.  dis.  for  disab.  August  23.  "63 
Frank  J.  Beedle.  died  September,  "63  of  wound 
in  battle  of  Acton.  Minn.  Benedict  Brooks,  dis. 
per  order  June  5,  "65.  Lewis  L.  Crane,  cUs.  with 
regt.  George  S.  Cyphers,  dis.  per  order  August 
16,  "65.  James  H.  Crandall  pro.  Corp.  dis.  with 
with  regt.  E.  J.  Deerow,  died  Xov.  1,  '64,  in 
Milan.  Ga.  prison.  Geo.  E.  Day,  captd.  at  Brice 
Cross  Roads,  pris.  in  Andersonvile,  dis.  with 
regt.  Charles  A.  Esterly,  dis.  per  order  June 
12,  '65.  Yolney  A.  Edgerly,  transfd.  to  V.  R.  C. 
I  no  date.)  Geo.  W.  Gideon,  killed  Sept.  3.  '66,  in 
battle  with  Indians  at  Acton,  Minn.  Alva  Getch- 
ell.  killed  Sept.  3.  "62  at  Acton.  Geo.  Goodsell. 
dis.  with.  regt.  Henry  Goodale,  dis.  per  order 
May  18,  "65.  D.  C.  Handy,  dis. per  order  August 
18,  "65.  Jasper  S.  Hawkins,  dis.  while  on  detached 
duty  1865.  A.  H.  Hawkins,  dis.  with  regt.  C.  G. 
Ilalgren,  dis.  with  regt.  E.  D.  Kirst,  dis.  with  regt. 
Samuel  A.  Lindley.  died  July  9.  "64  in  prison  at 
Andersonville.  Ga.  Wm.  Lovelle.  dis.  ]ier  order 
July  19.  '65.  Levi  W.  ^Slerritt.  wounded  Sep- 
tember 3,  "62,  in  battle  at  Acton,  Minn.,  dis.  for 
disab.  ]May  23,  "63.  Charles  ^Slidgely,  dis.  per 
order  May  31 ,  "65.  William  Mogle,  dis.  per  order 
June  22,  '65.  Robert  E.  McKenney,  transfd.  to 
V.  R.  C.  Nov.  1,  "63.  Alex.  McCormiek.  dis.  per 
order  June  7.  '65.     Thomas  Pounder,  no  record. 


202 


HISTORY  OF  HENyEPiy  COUNTT. 


John  Parslow.  pro.  Corp.  (lis.  with  regt.  Jas. 
H.  Rickerson.  dis.  with  regt.  Milton  A.  Stuhbs. 
pro.  Corp.  (lis.  with  regt.  Cliarles  Smitli  died 
March  13.  'tW  at  Watertown.  Minn.  Nathan  Til- 
ton,  died  September  28,  '64.  at  .Vndersonville 
prison.  Ilirani  W.  Valentine,  dis.  with  regt. 
X.  E.  AVeeks.  died  N(ivenil)er  <>.  "(ii.  at  Ilulcliin- 
son.  Minn.  .lohn  K.  Weaver,  died  June  25,  "65, 
at  Rolla,  :Mi.ss.  Jolm  U.  Waketield.  died  Aug- 
ust 18.  ■ti4,  at  Memphis.  Tenn.  Kee  Wakefield 
pro.  Corp.  dis.  per  order  July  17.  '><o.  Silas  .\. 
Seamans,  dis.  with  regt. 

COMPANY  C.  ENKOLLKU  OCToiiKH.   "ti2. 

L.M.  Caswell,  Corp.,  dis.  for  disali.  Manh  2.!.'ti.i. 

I'rirdhs. — 'Williani  Breckon,  eaptd.  at  Briee 
Cross  Roads,  dis.  July  HI.  "(>.).  Pliny  S.  Conkey. 
cai)td.  at  Briee"s  Cross  Roads,  Jime  10,  "64.  Sam- 
uel W.  Rice.  dis.  for  disah..  Sejitember  8.  "64. 

COMI'.WV    1. 

I'et4-r  Lus.  jiriv..  en.  Ocliiljcr  12.  'H2.  pin.  Cnrp. 
dis.  with  regt. 

(D.MI'.WV    K. 

W.  O.  Curtis.  Mils.,  en.  Oeluber  Hi,  "ti2.  dis.  in 
hospital  at  Memphis,  'do.  Edward  Brunell.  iiri\ . 
en.  Oetober  Itj.  "()2.  dis.  for  disab.  May  27.  "f)4. 

XlX'rU  KEOIMEST  .MIXN'KS()T.\   IXFAXTHY. 

organized  August.  ■(52  ;  stationed  at  frontier  posts 
until  Sejitember.  "«:■{.  when  ordered  to  St.  Louis, 
Mo.;  ordereil  to  Jefferson  City.  Mo.,  and  distribut- 
ed among  several  posts  in  the  interior  of  the  state  : 
ordered  to  St.  Louis.  May.  '1)4  :  engaged  in  the 
following  battles,  marches,  sieges  and  skirmishes: 
Guntown  exjiedition.  .Iiine.  '<i4  :  assigned  to  Kith 
.\rmy  Corps.  Jnne.  "(U  ;  Tnpelo.  .Inly,  "'it  :  ( )xford 
expedition,  .\iigusl.  'f'A  :  Tallaliat<liie.  .\iigust. 
■t>4 ;  ni.Mrclii-d  in  |imMiit  nl  I'lirc  trom  r.r<iwns- 
ville,  Ark.,  to  Cape  (iiiardcaii.  .\lo.:  thence,  by 
boat,  to  Jetlerson  City  :  thence  to  Kansas  state 
line;  thence  to  St.  Louis,  liatlles:  Nashville, 
Tenn..  December  lo  and  lii,  ■()4:  Spanish  Fort 
and  Fort  Blakely.  .Vpril.  "Ho;  disdiarged  at  Fort 
Snelling,  Minn.,  .\ngust  24.  "il."). 

TKXTII    ICKdlMKN-r.    INl'AXrUY. 

Originally  connnamhMl  b>  Col.  .lames  II.  liaker. 

fOMi'ANv  K.  i:n j(()i,i,i;ii  Mii.  nj. 

Will.  Byrnes.  1st  I>t..  dis.  with  regt.  Michael 
Iloy.  2d  Lt..  dis.  per  order  .\i>ril   i:i. '(!.">.     Wm. 


Dunn.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Owen  Keegan. 
Sergt..  dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  McCarron.  Corp.. 
pro.  Sergt..  dis.  with  regt.  David  Shaw,  Corp.. 
dis.  with  regt.  Dennis  Sheehey ,  Corp..  eaptd.  Jan. 
10,  '6.5,  dis.  July  25,  '65,  absent. 

PHvaiex.—  Wm.  Broderick.  dis.  for  disab.  July 
26,  '64.  Alfred  Brezett.  dis.  with  regt.  Andrew 
Candron.  dis.  with  regt..  ju-o.  Corp.  Patrick 
Covncy.  dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  Clifford,  dis. 
with  regt.  Joseph  F.  Cobb.  dis.  i)er  order  May 
Is.  H.j.  James  Connelly,  dis.  with  regt.  James 
Coyle.  dis.  tor  disab.  .\iirilH.  "6;).  William  Daly. 
dis.  with  regt.  David  Dcsjarlugh,  dis.  per  order 
-Viigust  SI .  "114.  liichard  Fewer,  pro.  <j.  M.  Sergt. 
1st  Lt.  Co.  I.  June  2. 'tio.  Patrick Glee.son. i>io. 
corii.  dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  Gaffney,  dis.  with 
regt.  William  (.race,  deserted  .Vpril  25  "tw.  at 
Le  Suciii-.  .Minn.  Joseph  (iaunia.  dis.  per  order 
March  W.  "65.  Cornelius  llavs.  destd.  May  10, 
"68.  at  Le  Sueur.  .Minn.  James  Hays.  dis.  with 
regt.  Thomas  Hawkins,  destd.  Septeml)er  7.  "68. 
at  Fort  Hidgely.  William  Hoy.  destd.  November 
12. '(12.  at  St.  Peter.  Peter  Haniion.  destd.  Sep- 
tcnilier  7,  "63,  at  Fort  Snelling.  .lolm  Killila.  dis. 
with  regt.  Thos.  McDonoiigh.  dis.  August  1!'. 
■|>5.  absent.  Daniel  .Molaii.  dis.  with  regt.  Dan- 
iel .Murphy,  ilis.  piT  onlfr  .lime  5,  "65.  Michael 
-Mohan,  died  .March  il.  ''<A.  at  St.  .Vnthony. 
Michael  Moore,  dis.  jier  order  March  5.  "i)4.  Ed- 
ward M<iran.  destd.  .May  2u.  "(i:H.  at  Le  Sueur, 
Minn.  Robert  McCue.  dis.  for  di.sab.  Jan.  4  "64. 
James  Nash,  wounded  at  Nashville,  dis.  "65,  ab- 
sent. Edward  Nary.  dis.  with  regt.  \Viii. 
O'Bryan,  dis.  with  regt.  Patrick  ( )"Comier.  destd. 
June  21,  "64,  at  Memiihis,  Tenn.  Daniel  Page, 
ilis.  with  regt.  Patrick  liuinn.  destd.  September 
7,  "1)8.  at  Fort  Snelling.  .lames  Riley,  dis.  with 
regt.  Luke  K'nehe.  died  ill  Minnesota  while  on 
sick  furlough,  .loliii  l{ead> .  dis.  with  regt. 
Pafk.  Sheehan.  dis.  with  regt.  Win.  Sheehan. 
dis.  with  regt.  .Miih.  Suniniers.  dis.  per  or<ler 
-March  1".  "61.  .lolm  Seberrv.  dis.  with  regt. 
Dion  Swill,  pro.  Coi|i.  dis.  with  regt.  I'atiick 
White,  dis.  with  regt. 

Iliciiiils.  F.  li.  ( )"|{i  ieii.  en.  .Vpril  l.'iil.dis. 
with  regt.  Daniel  Shea.  eu.  Dec.  26.  "68.  dis. 
with   regt. 

'I'KNTII  KKOl.'MKNT  INKANTUY. 

was  organized  .\iignst   "62.    Stationed  at  frontier 


ELEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTBY. 


203 


posts  until  June  "63,  when  ordered  upon  Indian  ex- 
pedition. Engaged  with  ludiansjuly  24, 26  and  28, 
■(i3.  Ordered  to  St.  Louis.  Mo..  Octolier  "63. 
Tlicnre  to  Columlins,  Ky..  April  "lU.  Thenee  to 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  June  "tU.  and  assii;iie(l  to  Kith 
Army  Corps.  Participated  in  tlie  fullowing  battles, 
marches,  sieges  and  skirmishes:  Battle  of  Tupelo. 
July  13,  '6o,  O.xford  expedition.  August  "64. 
Marched  in  pursuit  of  Price  from  Brownsville, 
Ark.,  to  Cape  Girardeau,  thence  by  boat  to  Jeff- 
erson City,  thence  to  Kansas  line,  thence  to  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  Battles  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Dec.  15 
and  16.  "64,  Spanish  Fort  and  Fort  Blakely,  April 
"65.    Discharged  at  Fort  Snelling  Aug.  19,  '65. 

KLEVENTH    KEtilMENT    IN'FANTKV. 

originally  comnianiled  liy  Col.  James  B.  (Tiltillan. 
cojiP.^NY  F,  enk()llp;d  .\r(U'sT.  "64. 

John  W.  Plummer,  Capt..  dis.  with  regt.  Jas. 
Shaver,  1st  Lieut.,  dis.  with  regt.  William  S. 
Chowen,  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  John  W.  East- 
man, Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Jonas  II.  Howe, 
Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Gilbert  J.  Merritt.  Sergt., 
George  A.  Plummer,  Sergt.,  dis.  with  regt.  Sol- 
omon Churchill,  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  Chester 
E.  Evans,  Corp.,  dis.  with  regt.  Frank  L.  IIol- 
way,  Corp..  dis.  with  regt,  J.  C.  Jaques.  Corp.. 
dis.  with  regt.  Danford  Redding,  Corp..  dis. 
with  regt.  John  J.  Spurzeum,  Coi-p..  dis.  with 
regt.    Adolph  Weidenbach,  Corp..  dis.  with  regt. 

Privates — James  W.  Austin,  dis.  with  regt. 
Horace  W.  Bohanon.  dis.  with  regt.  Clark 
S.  Bemis,  dis.  with  regt.  Martin  Biske,  dis. 
with  regt.  Fredei'ick  Biske.  dis.  with  regt. 
('harles  M.  Bickford.  dis.  with  regt.  Eben- 
ezer  Brandon,  dis.  with  regt.  liobert  Cham- 
bers, dis.  with  regt.  (4eo.  G.  Drew.  dis.  with  regt. 
Henry  Doyle,  dis.  with  regt.  J.  W.  DeLamater. 
dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  .\.  Fisher,  dis.  with  regt. 
Edward  Fairtield.  died  January  2S,  ■6.").  at  Gal- 
latin, Tenn.  John  (Jerber.  dis.  with  regiment. 
Gottleib  Geiger.  dis.  with  regt.  Daniel  (ilatz.  dis. 
with  regt.  L.  Gee.  dis.  with  regt.  ('has.  W. 
Gordon,  dis.  with  regt.  Ahmzo  Green,  dis.  with 
regt.  Joshua  Howe.  dis.  with  regt.  Xelson 
Herrick.  dis.  with  regt.  Ephriam  Harrington, 
dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  H.  Harrington,  dis.  viith 
regt.  Geo.  Iloisington.  dis.  with  regt.  E.  M. 
Iloisingtou,  dis.  per  order  May  31.  65.     John  M. 


Hamilton,  dis.  with  regt.  Alfred  G.  Jaques, 
dis.  with  regt.  David  AV.  Jones,  dis.  April  22, 
"65,  at  Fort  Snelling.  Thomas  Kirkwood,  dis. 
with  regt.  Michael  Larkin.  dis.  with  regiment. 
Morris  H.  Lamb,  dis.  with  regt.  Nathan  Long- 
fellow, dis.  with  regt.  Wm.  McKinley,  dis.  with 
regt.  Phillip  Matter,  dis.  with  regt.  John  Mat- 
ter, dis.  with  regt.  Ichabod  Murphy,  dis.  with 
regt.  John  H.  McGary.  dis.  with  regt.  Chas. 
D.  Miller,  dis.  with  regt.  Mason  Murch,  dis. 
with  regt.  David  P.  Malbon,  dis.  with  regt. 
Harvey  S.  Norton,  dis.  with  regt.  Joseph  W. 
Norris,  dis.  with  regt.  Thomas  Ohn,  dis.  with 
regt.  Geo.  A.  Plummer,  dis.  with  regt.  Mitch- 
ell Pelky.  dis.  with  regt.  Seth  Pribble,  dis.  with 
regt.  Geo.  C.  Phillips,  dis.  with  regt.  A.  D. 
Pinkerton,  dis.  with  regt.  Daniel  Palmer,  dis. 
with  regt.  James  Quinn,  dis.  with  regt.  Amasa 
Richards,  dis.  with  regt.  Nicholas  Rifenberger, 
dis.  with  Regiment.  John  Rifenberger,  dis.  with 
regt.  J.  P.  Shumvvay,  dis.  with  regt.  Z.  A. 
Smith,  dis.  with  regt.  H.  R.  Stillman,  dis.  with 
regt.  Chas.  R.  Stimson,  dis.  with  regt.  II.  Schu- 
macker,  dis.  with  regt.  Timothy  Shaw,  dis.  with 
regt.  Daniel  Terrell,  dis.  with  regt.  Clark  A. 
Wright,  dis.  with  regt.  W.  A.  Willey,  dis.  with 
regt.  Lorenzo  P.  AVarren,  dis.  April  1865,  at 
Fort  Snelling.  Geo.  S.  AVoolsey,  dis.  with  regt. 
Wm.  Allison,  dis.  with  regt.  Bernard  Gasper, 
dis.  with  regt.  llnllis  Hall,  dis.  with  regt.  Carl 
A.  Ilamisch,  dis.  with  regt.  Chas.  C.  Midwood, 
dis.  with  regiment.  Frank  J.  Stickney.  dis.  with 
regiment.  Buford  Tourman,  discharged  with 
regiment.    John   Lyons,  discharged  with   regt. 

(.•().M1'.\NY    (i,  EXUOLLEI)    .\UGrST,  1864. 

Albert  R.  Hall,  1st  Lieut., dis.  with  legt.  Wm. 
T.  Bowen,  2d  Lieut.,  dis.  with  regt. 

Prirntes. — Arthur  B.  Chase,  dis.  with  regt. 
Thomas  Cunningham,  dis.  with  regt.  Horatio 
Hawkins,  dis.  with  regt.  Benjamin  Keesling. 
dis.  with  regt.  Amasa  I).  King,  dis.  with  regt. 
John  II.  Mitchell,  dis.  for  commission,  February 
111.  "65.     C.  Plant,  dis.  with  regt. 

THE    ELEVENTir    KKGIMKNT  IXFANTHY. 

was  (irganizeil.  August.  "64.  ordered  to  Nash- 
ville, Tennessee,  and  engaged  in  guarding  rail- 
road between  Nashville  and  Louisville,  until 
muster  out  of  regiment,  June,  "65. 


204 


HJS2VBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


FIRST  BATTALIOX   IXFAXTKV.  MINX.  VOL., 

originally  coniniaiided  by  Col.  Mark  W.  Downie. 

KIKI-D    AND   STAKK   OFFICEKS. 

Charles  H.  Spear,  Asst.  Surgeon,  en.  July  1. 
■(jo,  (lis.  with  regt.  John  AV.  Pride.  Sergl.  Major. 
en.  March  :i4.  'M.  pro.  2d  Lieut.  Co.  A  and  (}. 
M.,  prisoner  at  Andersonville  8  mos..  (lis.  with 
regt.  David  L.  Morgan,  Q.  M.  Sergt..  en.  April 
1 ,  "64.  dis.  with  regt. 

.    COMPANY    A.  KIltST    ItATTAl.MlN   IM  ANTKV. 

Chesley  15.  Tirrell.  l.st  Lieut.,  en.  May  lli.  "(>4. 
dis.  for  disalil.  December  14.  "1)4.  for  wds.  reed, 
at  Petersburg.  .Iiiiic  is.  ti4.  Ileiiry  tihostly. 
Sergt..  en.  December  80.  (il .  dis.  on  expr.  of  term. 
December  2(1,  "(U.  William  A.  Joy.  Corp..  en. 
March  24.  "(U.  vet.  vol..  pro.  Sergt..  2d  Lieut,  Co. 
C..  March  IH.  "6.5,  dis.  with  Hattalion. 

Privote.'i — Charles  C.  Blanchard.  en.  >.o\en]lier 
25,  "61,  dis.  on  exjir.  of  term,  November  2H.  'Hi. 
Peter  G.  ]}offering.  en.  February  18,  "ti4.  dis.  per 
per  order,  June  28,  "6.5.  Jeremiah  Collins,  en. 
Jaimary  1.  'Hi.  dis.  per  order.  June  27.  'Ho.  Wm. 
Coombs,  en.  January  1.  "154.  dis.  with  Co.  ('has. 
A.  Coombs,  en.  September  16,  "01,  dis.  o]i  exjir.  of 
term.  May  20.  'Ro.  Turner  Pribble.  en.  Xoveni- 
ber  2o,  'HI.  captd.  Jiuie  22.  ■H4.  dis.  jicr  order. 
July  24,  '65.  George  Sias,  en.  March  14,  '64, 
prisoner  at  Andersonville.  dis.  with  Co. 

Hccruit — Aaron  Gould,  en.  February  28.  "lio. 
dis.  with  Co. 

lOMTAXV    B.    KIKST    MATTAMO-N    I.N  I'A  .\TU  V. 

Ellet  P.  Perkins,  ("apt.,  en.  May  o,  "1)4.  dis.  per 
order,  OctoTjer  13.  'ti4.  Henry  D.  (>"]}rien,  2d 
Lieut,  en.  May  12.  "ii4.i)ro.  Cajit.Co.  A.  April  10. 
'Ho,  dis.  with  regt..  July  14.  'Ho.  James  Hryant. 
1st  Sergt., en.  March^l.  ■64.i>ro.  1st  Lieut..  .March 
16,  '65,  Capt.  Co.  C,  dis.  with  regt.  .Vdam  C. 
Stites,  Sergt..  en.  Sejitember  28.  'H].  dis.  on  exp. 
of  term.  September  28,  18(14.  \V.  W.  Ilnldcu, 
Cor|).,  en.  February  26,  '63.  pro.  2il  Liiut..  1st 
Lieut.,  dis.  with  conip.  Archibald  Curtis.  Corp., 
en.  March  24.  "64.  dis.  wilh  coiup.  William  K. 
Schumacher.  Cor)).,  en.  March  ;tl,  HI.  pni.  Sergt., 
dis.  with  coiup.  (Jeorge  W.  F.  Abraham,  Mus. 
en.  -March  '.W.  "lil.  died  Xdvcnibcr  12,  "ill,  in  .\n- 
der.sonville  pris. 

Prii'ttte*— Orville  Ames.  en.  February  25,  '(i4, 
supposed  to  have  died  July.  '6 1,     William  HotTcr- 


I 


ding.  en.  February  18,  "64,  dis.  with  comp.  Da- 
vid Carlton,  en.  February  26,  "63,  dis.  with  comp. 
Sylvester  Densmore,  en.  February  27.  "64.  died 
November  26,  "64.  at  City  Point.  \ii.  K.  M.  C. 
Hamilton,  en.  March  31.  "64,  dis.  in  hosp..  June 
19.  "65.  Eluisly  .1.  Hamilton,  en.  February  27,  "64. 
inis.  at  Andersonville,  8  mos..  dis.  June  28,  "65, 
absent  sick.  James  Hawks,  en.  February  29,  "64, 
dis.  with  comp.  F.  W.  llohage.  en.  February  26. 
114.  dis.  with  comp.  David  L.  Morgan,  en.  March 
M,  '(14.  pro.  Q.  M.  Sergt.  April  1 ,  "65.  dis.  wilh  regt. 
Job  Pratt,  March  1,  '64,  dis.  July  13,  "65,  absent 
sick.  Daniel  Sullivan,  en.  November  1.  "61,  Vet 
Vol..  dis.  on  exp.  of  term.  May  18,  'H.'>.  (iilbert 
E.  Sly.  en.  March  1.  '64.  died  September  21,  "64. 
in  luis. al  Hichmoud.  \'a.  George  (4.  Sunbey.  en. 
February  27.  lU.  died  December  7,  "64.  at  Anna- 
polis. Md..  of  disease  contracted  in  rebel  prison. 
Peter  Shultz,  en.  February  20,  "(U,  dis.  July  21. 
"65.  absent.  Harmon  Stackloffe,  en.  Mar.  28,  "64, 
pris.  at  Ander.sonville  6  mos.,  dis.  '65,  absent. 
William  Swager.  en.  March  24.  'Hi.  Yet.  "N'ol.  dis. 
wilh  comp.  Norman  Shook,  en.  April  1,  "64,  dis. 
wilh  coniiiaiiy.  .lames  E.  Weaver, en.  March  24. 
'64.  A'et.  Vol..  dis.  with  comp.  Theodore  Prown. 
en.  July  20.  '61.  dis.  on  exji.  of  term.  .Inly  2(1.  "64. 

li(rniit — Joseph  Halleck.  i-n.  Filniiary  14.  "(io. 
dis.  per  order  April  4.  'Ho. 

First  15attallion  Infantry.  Minn.  A'ols..  origi- 
nally consisted  of  two  compnies,  organized  from 
the  re-enlisted  veterans,  slay-over  men  and  re- 
criuts  of  the  First  Regiment.  Minnesota  Infantry 
Volunteers.  Ordered  to  Washington.  D.  ('..May 
"64.  Joined  the  Army  of  tlic  Potomac  June  10, 
"64.  Participated  in  the  follow  i  ng  1  lattles,  marches, 
sieges  and  skirmishes  :  Petersburg.  A'a..  June  18. 
"(14.  Jcrusalcui  I'lank  Hoads.  A'a..  June  22  and  23, 
(14.  |)c(|i  l!otl(.iii.  \'a..  .\ugusl  14,  "64.  Ilatchci's 
Hun.  \'a..  October.  27,  "(14.  Hatcher's  Run.  Feb- 
ruary 5,  "65.  Company  C.  joinccl  .March  27,  "lio. 
Took  active  part  in  campaign  commencing  March 
28,  "(l.-).  and  resulting  in  the  capture  of  Peters- 
burg. \'a..  .\piil  2.  'il"),  and  the  surrender  of 
Lee's  .\rm,\.  .Vpril  9.  "(i.").  Four  new  coniiiauies 
joined  at  Iterksville.  Yn..  Ai>ril  '(i'l ;  marched 
from  Uerksville.  A'a..  to  Washington.  D.  ('., 
May  '11").  'J'wo  new  comiianies  joined  at  Wash- 
ington. Ordered  to  Louisville.  Ky..  June  "65. 
Mustered  out  at  Jetfersonville.  liid..  .Iul>  14,  "65. 
Dischargeil  at  Fort  Snclling  .Iul\  2'>.  Ho. 


HEAVY  uiBTILLERY^SH^lBP  SHOOTERS— MOV XTED  RANGERS. 


20-5 


FIRST   REGIMENT  HEAVY  ARTILLERY, 

originally  rnmmanded  by  Col.  Wm.  Colville. 
Christ.  ]5.  IleftVltinser.  Major,  com.  April  25,  '60, 
dis.  with  regt. 

COMPAXY   A. 

Privates. — Wm.  H.  Bartlett,  en.  September  19, 
'64,  dis.  with  company.  .John  Gotwold,  en.  Sep- 
temljer  19,  "64,  dis.  June  2,  '6.5,  at  St.  Paul.  Kichard 
Hooper,  en.  September  19,  '64,  dis.  with  company. 
Peter  Hoppe.  en.  September  19,  "64,  dis.  with  com- 
pany. Gordon  .Jackins,  en.  September  23,  "64,  dis. 
with  company,  ilichael  Smith,  en.  September 
29,  '64,  dis.  with  company.  .John  S.  Wales,  en. 
September  21,  "64,  dis.  "6-5,  absent. 

COMPANY  B. 

Pc(fo?c.<.— James  ^M.  GiUaspie,  en.  September 
19,  "64,  dis.  with  company.  Henry  Miller,  en. 
September  19,  "64,  dis.  with  company.  Henry  C. 
Miller,  September  22,  "64,  transfd  to  Co.  E  July 
7,  '6-5.  dis.  per  order  August  28,  "6-5,  Geo.  R. 
Schaffer,  en.  September  14,  "64,  dis.  witli  company. 
Wm.  B.  Shaffel,  en.  September  22,  "64,  dis.  with 
company.  Xorman  Ward,  en.  September  14, 
pro.  Corp.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  company. 

COMPANY  c. 

Irving  A.  Pnnsmoor,  en.  Oct.  lo.  "64.  Sergt.. 
dis.  with  company.  E.  H.  Ogburn,  en.  Septem- 
ber 2,  "64,  Sergt.,  dis.  with  company. 

COMPANY  H. 

John  Hnssey,  Jr.,  2d  I^ieut.  en.  February  17, 
'65,  resigned  June  26,  "65.  L.  F.  Sampson.  1st 
Sergt.,  en.  March,  "65,  dis.  with  regt.  Romain 
PoTiliot.  priv..  dis.  with  regt. 

The  First  Regiment  Heavy  Artillery,  organized 
April  "65.  Ordered  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  and 
stationed  at  post  until  muster  out  of  regiment, 
September  "65. 

FIRST    COMPANY  SHARP  SHOOTERS,    ENROLLED 
MARCH,  1862, 

originally  commanded  by  Capt.  Francis  Peteler. 
Benedict  Hipler,  First  Lieutenant,  pro.  Capt. 
February  10,  "62,  resigned  July  28,  "62.  Dudley 
P.  Chase,  Second  Lieutenant,  pro.  First  Lieu- 
tenant February  10.  "62.  Capt.  July  18,  "62,  died 
of  wounds  reed,  in  battle  at  Chancellorville  Va. 
Jackson  Steward,  Sergt.  died  June  28,  "62,  at 
Alexandria,   Va.     Uriali   R.  Penny,   Corp.  dis. 


for  disab.  April  1,  "63.     Wm.  P.  Collins,  Corp. 
no  record. 

Privates — Lucius  Bell,  died  January  12,  1862. 
Jno.  W.  Babcock,  died  May  12.  "62,  at  AVasliing- 
ton.      Preston  Cooper,  deserted  April  17.   "63. 
Daniel  W.  Jones,  dis.  per  order  May  1862.    Jas. 
Kerr,  re-en:  transferred  to  1st  Bat.  January  1, 
"65.    Wm.  T.  Kerr.  dis.  on  exp.  of  term.  Septem- 
ber 22,  "64.    Henry  McGaffery,  re-en.  transfd.  to 
1st  Bat.  January  30,  "65.     Eugene  :Moriarty,  dis. 
I  for  disab.   February  4,  "63.    Abraham  Maricle, 
I  dropped  from  rolls  Aug.  1,  "63.    Wm.  E.  Mason, 
'  re-en.  transfd.  to  1st  Bat.  January  30.  65.    Jas. 
M.  Powers,  dis.   for  disab.   Jan.  14,  "63.    Dyer 
Pettijohn,   re-en,   transfil.  to  1st  Bat.    .January 
I  30,  "65.    Lawrence  T.  Prescott,  no  record.    Silas 
S.  Parmeter,   no  record.     Henry   W.   Sampson, 
dis.  for  disab.  March  5.  "63.    Dudley  A.  Boan, 
recruit,  tiansfd.  to  1st  Bat.    Eugene  Swartout, 
j  transfd.  to  1st  Bat.  January  30,  "65. 

I    SECOND  C03IPANY  SHARP  SHOOTERS,  ENROLLED 
'  MARCH,   1862. 

,  originally  commanded  by  Capt.  Mm.  F.  Russell. 
A.  J.  Underwood,  Sergt.,  dis.  for  disabl.,  Xov- 
I  ember  1,  "62.  J.  B.  Chaney.  Coni..  dis.  for  disabl. 
'   October  18,  '62. 

Privates — Samuel  B.  Beach,  veteran.     Charles 
H.  Spear,  C.  F.  Widstrand,  S.  R.  Churchill. 

The  company  left  St.  Paul,  Minn..  April  21. 
"62.  reported  by  order  of  Maj.  Gen.  McClellan  to 
'  the  first  regiment  LT.  S;  S.  S.,  at  Yorkto^ii.  Ya.. 
May  6,  "62.  May  22,  "62,  by  special  order  Xo. 
153,  issued  by  Maj.  Gen.  McClellan,  the  company 
was  assigned  for  duty  with  the  First  ilumesota 
A'olmiteers.  and  on  duty  with  that  regiment  from 


Jime  1,  "62,  and  participating  in  all  the  engage- 


;  ments  and  battles  of  said  regiment,  luitil  its 
[  muster  out  of  the  U.  S.  Service.  All  the  enlisted 
men  of  the  company  whose  terms  had  not  ex- 
pired, were  ti-ansferred  to  Companies  A  and  B, 
of  the  First  Miiuiesota  Infantry,  in  pursuance  of 
special  order  Xo.  102,  Headquarters  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  dated  April  22.  "65. 

FIRST  REOIMENT   MOUNTED    RANGERS, 

originally  commanded  by  Col.  Samuel  McPhaill. 

George  E.  DuToit,  Hospital  Steward,  en.  De- 
cember 1.  "62,  dis.  with  regt. 


206 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


COMI'AXY   A. 

Eugfiie  M.  Wilson,  Capt.,  en.  October  9,  "62, 
(lis.  with  fomp..  October  20,  "63.  James  M. 
Paine.  2(i  Lieut.,  en.  October  9.  '62.  (lis.  with 
conip.  Klislia  Cowan.  Sergt..  en.  October  9.  "62.. 
(lis.  will)  cdnii).  .lames  H.  Wilson.  Sergt..  en. 
October  9,  "(52.  dis.  with  couip.  Stei)lien  Pratt, 
Corp.,  en.  October  9.  "62,  dis.  with  conip.  Ed- 
ward Moree.  ('oi'))..  en.  October  9.  '(j2.  reduced 
Xoveniber  in.  "()2,  dis.  with  comp.  Archibald 
McGill,  Corp.,  en.  Oct.  9,  "62,  dis.  with  conip. 
James  Sweeny.  Wag.  en.  October  9.  "(12.  dis.  with 
comp. 

Privates — John  15.  Hosenian.  en.  October  1,  ■()2, 
dis.  with  com]).  David  Chrisllieb,  en.  September 
20,  "62,  dis.  witli  coniii.  Charles  Dnprey,  en. 
September  2(l.  ■|)2.  dis.  witli  comp.  Livingston 
Estes,  en.  Sept.  23.  ■(i2.  dis.  with  conip.  Wilson 
Gray,  en.  September  20.  ■t>2.  dis.  with  comp.  Ed- 
ward Hughes,  en.  Sei)tciul)(r  2o.  ■ii2.  dis.  with 
comi>.  Joshua  Harris,  en.  Sc]iteniber  27,  "62.  died 
at  F(n-t  Snelliiig.  November  12.  ■t)2.  Robert  H. 
Jefferson,  en.  September  22.  ■()2.  dis.  with  comp. 
Ja.sperN.  Johnson,  en.  September  27.  '(12  desrtd. 
March.  "(i.S.  Emanuel  Lavclly.en.  September  20. 
■(i2  dis.  with  comp.  Thomas  Otterman,  en.  Sep- 
tember 24.  "62,  dis.  with  comp.  Charles  Pope,  en. 
September  27.  died  at  Fort  Hipley.  Minn..  Sep- 
tember 80.  "(53.  Isaac  X.  Hussell.  Jr..  en.  Sep- 
tember 27,  '62,  dis.  with  lonip.  Frederick  Ray- 
mond, en.  Septend)er  20.  "t)2.dis.  with  conip.  AVil- 
liam  E.  Uoth.en.  Sc]plciulier29."(i2.dis.  withconii). 
Mathew  Sullivan,  en.  September  23,  "02,  dis.  with 
comp.  Albert  Simon,  en.  September  27,  T>2,  dis. 
with  comp.  Charles  S.  Plummer.  en.  September 
25,  ■<i2,  dis.  witli  comp.  Hobert  W.  Sanborn,  en. 
September  20,  ■()2,  \)iu.  Corp.  Sergt.,  dis.  with 
comp.  Andrew  L.  Tennison.  en.  September  27, 
'62.  dis.  with  comj).  (Jcoigc  II.  Wiaiits.  en.  Se)!- 
tember  2ii.  'ii2.  di.s.  with  comii.  .Michael  Wolf. 
en.  September  20,  '02.  dis.  Willi  conip. 

IlfrriiUs  -Alpheiis  Angell.cn.  .lime  19,  "03. dis. 
with  comp.  James  Parker,  cii.  October  17,  '(iS. 
dis.  with  <-oiii|i. 

<  (IMI-ANV    c. 

.lames  Patten,  (;orp..  en.  ( )ctolM  r  17.  1)2.  dis. 
with  ciiiii|iaiiy.  John  .Met 'orniick.  teamster,  en. 
(Jctober  17.  "112.  dis.  with  conipaiiy.  Clark 
Ellsworth,  blacksmilh.  en.  Odohii  17. '02,  dis. 
with  conijiuny. 


Privates. — Ezra  B.  Ames,  en.  September,  23, 
'62.  dis.  with  company.  Wm.  P.  Burnett,  en. 
September  19.  'lij.  dis.  witlicompany.  Ed.  C.  Coun- 
trsniaii.  en.  September  2ti.  '02,  dis.  with  company. 
John  Diddily.  en.  October  15,  '62.  dis.  with  coiii- 
jiaiiy.  Hiram  W.  Dornian.  en.  Seiiteinber  23,  "62, 
dis.  with  company.  Thomas  E.  Ellsworth,  en. 
.September  23.  ■62,  died  October  21,  "62,31  Fort 
Snelling.  P.  P.  Farrington.  en.  September  26.  "62, 
dis.  with  comiiany.  Heniy  Kelly.cn.  September 
27.  "62.  dis.  with  coniiiany.  E.  Lennenian.  en.  Sej)- 
tember  23,  "62.  dis.  with  company.  Sanford  Red- 
ding, en.  October  15,  "62,  dis.  with  company.  Adol- 
liliusSclicnck.  en.  October  14.  ■t)2,  dis.  witlicom- 
pany. Will.  H.  Tiltoii.cn.  Sc)iteniber  2.").  "(i2.  dis. 
with  company.  .lohn  W,\in:iii.  en,  S{')ilciiiber  23, 
'62.  dis.  with  comiiany.  Sainuel  Wilson,  en.  Sep- 
tember 23,  "62.  dis.  with  company. 

Hecri(it.i.—llnrvey  Bowen,  en,  March  14,  "63, 
dis.  with  comi)any.  Andrew  J.  Cates,  en,  Feb- 
ruary 14,  "ti3,  dis,  with  company.  Samuel  .Mni- 
pliy.  I'll,  .lauiiary  3ll.  "63.  dis.  with  coiupaiiy. 

(■(iMr\xv  I". 

/i'i<ii((/.s  — Horace  M.  .\vciy.  cii.  Dccenilier  23, 
"62,  dis.  with  company,  .loli  Brown,  en.  May  22, 
"63,  dis.  with  comiiany.  Levi  llaxilaiiil.  en, 
March  22, "63,  dis.  with  company. 

COjrPAXY   G. 

I'rii(il<.i  .\le.\.  Huiui'll.  en.  Novfiiilicr  21.  "62 
dis.  for  disabl..  March  1.  "63.  Samuel  Layman 
en.  November  22.  "62.  dis.  with  Co.  William  H 
Laiuiniiaii.  I'W.  Octolicr  28,  "62.  dis.  with  Co 
(ieorge  J>anipiiian.  en.  Xovember  22.  "<>2.  dis, 
with  Co,  (ieorge  Palmer,  en.  Xovember  22.  "62 
dis.  witli  Co.  Charles  M.  Sliijsoii.  cii.  Xoveiii 
licr  22.  'ii2.  (lis.  with  ( 'o. 


I'liidli      .liin 
■|i2.  dis.  witli  C. 


iiMl'\N>      K. 

I'.    1 1\  l:iiiil.  en.  l)iM-i'iiiliiT   10. 


(iiMrvvv   "vr. 

Prlnilis  .Inliii  linil  h.  CII.  1  IccciiiIht  ■">. '(i2,  dis, 
with  Co.  Peter  Laiigle.  en.  .November  2."),  '62, 
dis.  with  Co.  Peter  l,eoii:inl.  en.  .Xovember  20. 
"62.  dis.  with  Co. 

l-iiisT  .M(ii  N  ii:i)  II AN(;i:its. 

organized  March,  "63.    Stationed  at  frontier  posts 
until  May,  "63,  when  ordered  upon  Indian  expcdi- 


BRACKETT'S  BATTALION  CAVALRY. 


207 


tion.  Engaged  with  Indians.  July  24.  211.  and  28, 
'63.  On  return  of  expedition,  stationed  at  frontier 
posts  until  mustered  out.  Mustered  out  liy 
companies,  lietween  Octolier  1.  T>3  and  Deeember 
30.  "63. 

IiRACKETT"S   BATTALION   CAVALRY, 

originally  commanded  by  !Major  A.  B.  Brackett. 
('.  O.  .Tolinson.  Surgeon,  en.  February  1,  "(12.  res. 
1804. 

COMPANY  A. 

Xlcholas  Bode,  mus.  en.  October  7.  "01. 

Privnles — Henry  Moore,  en.  October  19,  "til, 
dis.  August  27,  "62.  for  wds.  reed,  in  battle  May 
5.  "62.  Martin  V.  Pratt,  en.  October  11.  "61,  dis. 
on  exp.  of  term.  October  28.  "()4.  Simon  liiesgraf , 
en.  September  25,  "61,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term,  Sep- 
tember2o.  "64.  i?fc;-«;;.s— Clias.  A.  Ilutcliings.  en. 
March  o,  "65,  Vet.  Pro.  Corp.  dis.  with  company. 
Isaac  N.  Iloblitt,  en.  February  13,  "65,  dis.  on  exp. 
of  term,  February  13,  "66.  Wm.  Kissinger,  en. 
February  11, "65,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term,  February, 
11,  '66.  Chas.  F.  Longfellow,  en.  February  14, 
'65,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term  February  14,  '66.  .John 
F.  Smith,  en.  February  11,  "65,  dis.  on  exp  .of 
term,  February  1 1 ,  "66. 

COMPANY  r.. 

Privates — Geo.  S.  Brown,  en.  March  64.  <lis. 
with  company.  Henry  S.  Chase,  en.  March  22,  "64, 
dis.  with  company.  William  Finley.  en.  March 
24,  '64,  dis.  with  company.  Amos  B.  Hurley,  en. 
March  23,  '64,  pro.  wagoner,  dis.  with  company. 
John  11.  Haughley,  March  26. "64.  dis.  with  com- 
pany. Walter  Keough,  en.  March  30.  "64.  dis.  with 
company.  Columbus  Myers,  en.  March  SO,  "64, 
dis.  with  company,  James  II.  Pottle,  en.  March 
30,  "64,  dis.  with  company.  Samuel  J.  Peel,  en. 
March  26,  "64,  dis.  with  company.  Chas.  H. 
Waters,  en.  March  25,  "64,  dis.  with  company, 
Samuel  A.  Wilson,  en.  April  5,  "64,  vet.  dis.  wi'th 
company.  Dominick  Grutch,  en.  February  13,  65 
dis.  with  company.  Peter  Miller  en.  February 
13,  '65,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term,  February  28,  '66. 
John  Rust,  en.  February  13."65,  dis.  February 
28,  "66.  Nicholas  Thilleau,  en.  February  11.  '65, 
dis.  Febi-uary  11,  66.  Archibald  E.  Howe.  en. 
February  14.  "65.  dis.  February  27,  '66.  Peter 
( '.  Howe,  en  February  14,  '65,  dis.  per  order  June 
2,  1865. 


COMPANY   C. 

Henry  S.  Lindsay,  Mus..  en.  November28,  '61. 
died  January  26,  "62,  in  hospital  at  Camp  Benton, 
Mo.  John  Finnegan,  Wag.,  en.  November  20, 
"61,  re-en.  Dec.  31,  '63,  dis.  per  order. 

Prirotes.— Francis  W.  Carlton,  en.  November 
1,  "61,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term  December  19,  '64. 
Wallace  E.  Lashell,  en.  November  14.  "61,  re-en. 
Dec.  31,  '63,  dis.  with  company.  Oren  J.  Swan, 
en.  Nov.  1,  "61,  dis.  on  exp.  of  term,  December 
19,  '64.  John  B.  Thompson,  en.  November  18, 
'61,  re-en.  December  31,  '63,  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with 
company. 

Recruits.— Vi'm.  A'an  Eman.  en.  February  29, 
"64,  dis.  with  company.  Ephriam  Whitney,  en. 
February  29,  "64,  dis.  with  company.  Geo.  B. 
Allen,  en.  February  13,  "65,  one  year,  dis.  on  exp. 
Bernard  Cloutier,  one  year.  dis.  on  exp. 

COMPANY   D. 

Recruits. — Jas.  R.  Brownell,  en.  February  10, 
'64,  dis.  with  company.  John  Connor,  en.  De- 
cember 15,  "63.  dis.  with  company. 

HKACKETT"S  BATTALION  CAVALRY, 

originally  1st.  2d  and  3d  Companies  of  this  cavalry 
organized  Octol)er  and  November  '61.  Ordered 
to  Benton  Barracks,  Mo.,  December  "61.  Assigned 
to  a  regiment  called  Curtis'  Horse.  Ordered  to 
Fort  Henry,  Tenn..  February  "62.  Name  of 
regiment  changed  to  Fifth  Iowa  ("avalry,  April 
"62,  as  Companies  G,  D  and  K.  Engaged  in  siege 
of  Corinth  Apiil  "62.  Ordered  to  Fort  Herman. 
Tenn.,  August  "62.  Veteranized  February  "64. 
Ordered  to  Department  of  Northwest,  "64.  Or- 
dered upon  Indian  expedition.  Engaged  with 
Indians  July  28,  and  August  "64.  Mustered  out 
by  companies  between  May  "66,  and  Jime  "66. 

SECOND   REGIMENT  CAVALRY, 

originally  commanded  by  ('ol.  R.  N.  ]SIcLaren. 

COMPANY    A,  ENROLLED   FEBRLTARY,  "63. 

Pn'ro^es— Frank  Brabic,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term. 
Feb.  13,  "65.  Charles  Stien,  dis.  on  expr.  of  term, 
'65.     Louis  Stein,  dis.  per  order,  July  11,  '65. 

COMPANY   n. 

James  M.  Payne,  Capt.,  en.  October  23,  '63, 
dis.  with  Co.,  December  2,  '65.  Robert  Wood, 
2d  Lieut.,  en.  October  24,  '63,  died  November  25, 
"64.  at  Fort  Wadswortli.     Archibald  McGill,  1st 


208 


HISTOBY  OF  HENXEPIX  COUNTY. 


Sergt..  Pii.  Xovember  20.  pro.  2d  Lieut..  1st 
Lieut.  Cii.  II..  .June  (i.  ■<)■').  (lis.  witli  Co..  .Viuil 
28,  "60.  Hoherl  Mcliiatli.  Q.  M.  Sergt.  eu. 
Xovember  7,  "(iS.  dis.  with  Co.  Robert  W.  San- 
born, Sergt.,  en.  October  23,  '63,  pro.  2d  Lieut., 
dis.  with  Co.  Andrew  J.  Cates,  Sergt.,  en.  Nov- 
ember 2.  "(iS,  dis.  witli  Co.  Geo.  C.  Ticknor, 
Corp..  en.  December  3,  "(53,  dis.  with  Co.  David 
X.  .Jenkins.  Corp..  en.  October  28,  "(iS,  reduced, 
dis.  Willi  Co.  J.,pvi  \V.  Merritl,  Corp..  en  Decem- 
ber 12,  '63,  dis.  I'oi-  di.sabl.,  Jiuie,  "65.  Ancel 
Ticknor,  Wag.,  en.  December  3,  "63,  reduced, 
dis.  Willi  (!o.  Geo.  C.  Marshall.  Blk  smth..  en. 
December  7.  "ii3.  reduced,  dis.  with  Co. 

i'WiK/i.s— William  Armstrong,  en.  Xovember 
7,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Charles  S.  Bardwell,  en. 
Xovember  13.  '(iS.  pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with  comp. 
Joshua  S.  lirvant,  en.  December  7,  "t)3,  dis.  with 
comp.  .\.  r.  r>ccman,  en.  Xov.,  '63,  dis.  with 
comp.  Hicliard  Clayton,  en.  December  22.  "63, 
dis.  with  comp.  Thomas  Cardman.  en.  Xovem- 
ber 2.  '63.  dis.  for  disab.,  September  1,  '6o.  Car- 
los Douglas,  en.  December  1.  '63.  dis.  with  comp. 
John  M.  Kddy,  en.  Xovember  7,  '63,  appointed 
blacksmith,  dis.  with  comji.  Llewellyn  Goodale, 
en.  December  26,  "63,  dis.  with  regt.  John 
Larington.  en.  December  2,  "63.  destd.  May  4,  '64, 
at  Fort  .Snelling.  I'atrick  .McKinney,  en.  Xovem- 
ber 10.  "63.  dis.  tor  disab..  .hily  2o.  "6.').  Roderick 
McLennan,  en.  Xovember  28,  "63. dis.  with  coiiiii. 
Moses  V.  Olliver.  en.  Xovember  21.  "63.  appointed 
trumpeter,  dis.  with  regt.  Sanuiel  S.  Paine,  en. 
Xovember  6.  "63,  ]iro.  Chaidain.  dis.  with  regt. 
Kdmond  I'hinney.  en.  December  4.  "63.  dis.  with 
comp.  Joseph  Sharr,  en.  Xovenilni  21.  "63,  dis. 
with  comp.  Charles  II.  SiMiuici-.cn.  Decendier 
13,  '63,  dis.  with  coni|).  James  I'.  Ticknor.  en. 
December  3,  '63,  pro.  Corp..  dis.  with  regt.  Hen- 
jamin  Wallace,  en.  October  2S,  '63.  dis.  with  comp. 
(teorgc  II.  Wymanls.  en.  Dei-eniber  1").  "63.  dis. 
witli  comji.  Henry  C.  Williams,  en.  DciiMiibcr 
16,  '63.  dis.  with  comp.  .Matthias  Weidenbach. 
en.  Xovendier  24.  "63.  died  March  17.  >>'>.  at  Kort 
Wadsworth.  Cliester  C.  Ward.  en.  Ni>\cnilM-r  16. 
"63,  dl».  with  coni)>. 

7fcorMi"<»— (Enrolled  February  1 1,  '(i."i.i  Horatio 
Hceniau.  dis..  no  record,  .\laik  .\I.  Jbidgcs.  dis.. 
no  record.  Samuel  M.  Haws.  dis..  no  recoril. 
Joseph  Xaruniore,  dis.,  no  riM-ord.  Edward 
Stodduid.  dis.,  no  recoiii. 


fOMP.VXV  F. 

HfcriutK. — I>eaniler  ^'.  .Vlleii.  en.  February  14, 
"60.  dis.  with  coiniiaiiy.  O.scar  I?.  Champlin,  eu. 
March  30.  "64.  dis.  with  company.  Geo.  15.  "Wniid- 
din,  en.  February  1  o.  "60.  dis.  with  company. 

(■|)MJ".\NY    I. 

I'ricc  1!.  Ourcus,  recruit,  eu.  March  20.  '64, 
dis.  with  couiiiany. 

(_(I3U'ANV    L. 

Kouiiiin  .\.  Streeter.  i>rivatp.  en.  February  16, 
"64.  dis.  with  coniiiaii\ . 

Second  Minnesota  ( 'avalry.  organized  December 
'63,  and  January  '64.  Ordered  upon  Indian  ex- 
pedition May  "64.  Engaged  with  Indians  July 
2S  and  August  "64.  Stationed  at  frontier  posts 
until  muster  out  of  regiment  by  companies  be- 
tween Xovember  "60  and  June  "66. 

IXDKl'ENnKNT   liATT.VT.IOX.  C.W.VI.KY. 

originally  commanded  by  Major  E.  A.  C.  Ilalili. 

COMPANY   A. 

\\  111.  W.  Wilson,  Sergt.,  en.  July  6.  "63.  dis.  for 
disal).  James  N.  Dudley,  Sergt..  June  30,  "63, 
reduci'd.  dis.  with  company.  Edward  U.  Libby, 
Sergt..  I'll.  July  lo.  '63,  reded,  dis.  with  company. 
St.  Don  Palmer.  Cor]).,  en.  June  30,  "ti3,  jn-o. 
Sergt..  dis.  with  comp.  John  M.  Hiirgan.  Corp., 
eu.  .Iiily  lo.  "63.  reduced,  dis.  with  comip.  Xicli- 
olas  Arn.Tnimiieter.  June  27,  "63.  dis.  with  comp. 

i'/-i"r((/ra.— Miles  J.  Haver,  en.  July  17,  "63.  dis. 
for  disab.  IMw  in  lirewster,  en.  July  15,  '63,  dis. 
with  comp.  Nathaniel  Chantler,  en.  July  ^■'^.  "63, 
dis.  with  COIIIII.  .\iiil.  Cruickshanks.  cii.  June 
30.  "63.  dis.  with  niiii]!.  Honald  Cruickshanks,  en. 
June  30,  "63,  dis.  w  itli  coniii.  .lohn  .V.  Coleman,  en. 
June  30.  '63,  no  record  given.  Clias.  II.  Cook,  en. 
July  lo,  '63.  dis.  with  comp.     Saiu"l  P.  Hall.  en. 

J 30.  '63.  died  Oct.  b').  '63.  at    .Miiinctonka, 

Miiiii.  .losi'|ih  IlaiiUei'son.  cii.  .liil>  6.  "63,  died 
Si'ptciiilicr  10.  '63,  at  .Minneapolis.  Charles 
Ogliiirn.  en.  .Inly  6,  '63.  dis.  with  coiup.  Thos. 
C.  Wakelield.en.  June  30, '63,  dis.  with  company. 
Christian  Wolter,  en.  July,  '63,  dis.  with  comp. 

/("fci-Mi'ri -Alfred  Gervais.  en.  July  28.  '63,  dis. 
for  disab.  March  14.  '60.  Edwin  M.  Snow,  en. 
February  22,  '64,  dis.  per  order,  April  6.  '66. 
Clias.  H.  Parrish,  en.  Feb.  22,  '84,  dis.  for  disabl. 
Fii'dcric  Hciwcrs.  en.   Februarv   23. '64.  ilis.  with 


INDEPENDENT  BATTALION  CAVALRY. 


209 


company.    Abe  Zimmerman,  en.    February  23, 
'G4.  dis.  per  order  March  29,  "66. 

COJU'ANY  B. 

Geo.  C.  Whitcomb,  capt.,  en.  July  7,  "63,  dis. 
with  comp.  Thomas  R.  Briggs,  Q.  M.  Sergt., 
en.  July  4,  "63,  pro.  1st  Sergt.  dis.  with  comp. 
James  \X.  Hankinson,  Corp.  en.  August  7,  '63, 
reduced  December  1,  '63.  dischd.  for  promotion 
February  25,  '65.  Volney  R.  "Walters,  Corp.  en. 
July  16,  "63,  reduced  Decemljer  1,  63,  re-appoint- 
ed Corp.  July  17,  '64,  dis.  for  disah.  February 
14,  '65.  Moses  H.  Ripley,  blksmth.  en.  August 
4,  '63,  dis.  per  order  January  27,  '66. 

Pncntes — Robert  Arcliibald,  en.  August  10,  '63 
dis.  with  comp.  Joseph  Bouldice,  en.  July  14, 
'63.  dis.  with  comp.  Octave  Boucher,  en.  .July 
31,  '63,  dis  with  comp.  Chas.  Bohanon,  en.  Aug- 
ust 7,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Joseph  Burnell,  en. 
August  3,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Beleana  Burnell, 
en.  August  3,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Justin  A. 
Dayton,  en.  July  2,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Joseph 
Desjardins,  en.  July,  29,  '63,  dis.  with  company. 
Samuel  Ilelthy,  en.  August  8,  '63,  deserted  Sep- 
tember 15,  "65.  Wm.  McKenzie,  en.  July  1,  '63, 
dis.  for  disab.  September  15.  "65.  Charles  Mid- 
wood,  en.  July  8,  "63,  deserted  August  63.  Lud- 
wig  Netzbone,  en.  July  16,  '63,  dis.  with  comp. 
Leroy  B.  Newton,  en.  August  7,  "63,  pro.  Sergt. 
dis.  Willi  comp.  Luman  Putnam,  en.  July  1,  '63 
died  October  3,  "63,  at  ilinneapolis.  Michael 
Patnode,  en.  August  3,  "63  dis.  with  comp.  Moses 
Patnode,  en.  August  3,  "63,  dis.  with  company. 
Thomas  Peisen,  en.  July  16,  '63.  dis.  with  comp. 
Lewis  Riley,  en.  July  11,  "63,  dis.  with  company. 
Albert  Roth,  en.  July  15,  "63.  dis.  with  with  comp. 
Adolph  Roberts,  en.  August  3,  '63,  dis.  per  order 
May  7,  '66.  Leon  Richards,  en.  August  7,  '63, 
dis.  with  comp.  John  C.  Saddler,  en.  July  1,  '63. 
dis.  for  disab.  July  8,  "65.  Joseph  Scott,  en. 
August  3,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Oliver  Van- 
Bunker,  en.  July  1, '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Edgar 
Nott,  en.  July  13,  63.  dis.  with  comp. 

J?fcr»;(.s— John  Donlon.en.  August  15,  "63,  dis. 

with  comp.     .lames  Scully,  en.  September  22,  "63, 

dis.  with  comp.     Albert  C.  Fletcher,  en.  March 

30,  '64,  dis.  with  comp.     William  E.  Roth,  en. 

March  26,  '64,  dis.  with  comp.  La  Salle  Roth,  en. 

March  26,  "64,  dis.  with  comp.    Isaiah  Dougherty, 

en.  March  28,  '64,  dis.  per  order,  March  11,  "66. 
14 


Joseph  Bruuell,  Jr.,  en.  September  21,  '63,  dis. 
with  comp. 

COMPANY  c. 

Daniel  W.  Getchell,  Sergt.,  en.  August  22,  '63, 
dis.  with  comp. 

Privates — Frederick  IT.  Chilson,  en.  August  31, 
'63.  dis.  with  comp.  John  Flam,  en.  August  24, 
'63,  dis.  with  comp.  .Jos.  Gagne,  Jr.,  en.  Sep- 
tember 9,  "63.  dis.  with  comp.  John  Hollander, 
en.  September  8,  '63,  dis.  with  comp.  Peter 
Roshen,  en.  September  9,  "63,  dis.  with  comp. 
Ernest  Smith,  en.  September  11,  '68,  dis.  with 
comp. 

Rccndts — Philo  S.  Thayer,  en.  March  25,  "64, 
dis.  with  comp.  William  Bushnel,  en.  March  28, 
'64,  dis.  per  order,  March  22,  '65.  Amos  Hoyt, 
en.  March  28,  "64.  dis.  per  order,  March  10,  '66. 
Fred'k.  Miller,  en.  April  1,;64,  died  November 
5,  '65.  Edward  Morse,  en.  April  1,  '64.  dis.  with 
comp.  Charles  Eggert,  en.  April  1,  '64.  dis.  with 
comp.  George  Slater,  en.  April  1,  "64,  dis.  for 
disab!.  July  3,  "65. 

COMP.^NY    D. 

PHvatea — Byron  E.  Bushnell,  en.  November  19, 
'63,  dis.  for  disab.,  March  29,  '64.  George  God- 
frey, en.  February  27,  "64,  dis.  with  comp.  Chris- 
tian Keller,  en.  March  28,  "64,  dis.  with  comp. 
Frederick  Biers,  en.  April  1,  '64,  dis.  with  comp. 
Mahlon  Cooper,  en.  April  13,  '64,  dis.  with  comp. 

COMPANY  E. 

George  Boyd,  Jr.,  Capt.,  en.  August  31,  "64,  dis. 
with  comp.,  May  1,  "66.  Mark  T.  Berry,  1st  Lieut., 
en.  August  31,  "64,  dis.  with  comp.  Alden  M. 
Kimball,  2d  Lieut.,  en.  August  31,  '64,  dis.  per 
order.  John  M.  McKeen,  Q.  M.  Sergt.,  en.  Au- 
gust 8,  '64,  dis.  with  comp.  Nelson  H.  Miner, 
Com.  Sergt.,  en.  August  29,  '64,  dis.  with  comp. 
George  II.  Stetson,  Sergt.,  en.  August  4,  "64.  re- 
duced, dis.  with  comp.  Leonard  II.  Dodge,  Corp., 
en.  August  18,  '64,  pro.  Sergt.,  dis.  with  comp. 
Francis  Day.  Corp.,  en.  August  S,  "64,  pro.  Sergt. 
dis.  with  comp.  And.  McCausland,  Corp.,  en. 
August  29,  '64,  dis.  with  comp.  Israel  S.  Parker, 
Corp.,  en.  August  8,  '64,  dis.  with  comp.  George 
A.  Hall,  Corp.,  en.  August  4,  "64,  dis  with  comp. 
Asa  Gould,  Coi-p.,  en.  August  29,  '64,  dis.  with 
comp.  Gideon  B.  Stetson,  Mus.,  en.  August  4, 
"64,  dis.  with  comp.    Israel  G.  Stetson,  Mus.,  en. 


210 


HISTOBY  OF  lIEySEl'iy  fUUyTY 


Aiijnist  4.  "H4.  (lis.  for  liisab.  Maicli  18.  "Gii.  Da- 
vid P.  Palmer.  Farrier,  en.  -Viitriisl  :.'!i,  "ii-|.  dis. 
with  com II. 

Pv/rK/f.s— Thomas  .Vrnislroii^'.  eii.  August  4, 
"l>4.  (lis.  with  coiuii.  Cyrus  J.  ]5raiii;iii.  en.  Anjf. 
10,  '()4,  (lis.  per  order.  October  2i>,  '(io.  Franeis 
Bren.  en.  August  22.  "(U.  dis.  with  eonip.  John 
Chastek,  en.  August  22.  "i>4.  dis.  with  coniii. 
John  II.  Crate,  en.  August  12.  "(34,  dis.  w  ith  coniii. 
John  Droddy.  en.  August  22,  "64,  dis.  with  comp. 
Jolin  Gleeson.  en.  August  3,  '64,  dis.  with  comp. 
Harrison  (ioodale.  en.  August  !».  "(U.  dis.  with 
eonip.  Patrick  15.  Larkin.  en.  August  !l.  '(U.  dis. 
with  comp.  Isaa<-  Lloyd,  en.  August  !i,  "W,  dis. 
with  comp.  Cassius  II.  Lolidel.  en.  .Vugust  4, 
"•54.  dis.  with  conij).  Nathaniel  (i.  Leighton,  en. 
August  8.  "64.  dis.  with  comp.  Peter  Miller,  en. 
August  10,  "64,  dis.  with  comp.  IJenjaniin  Max- 
ell, en.  August  24.  "64,  dis.  with  comp.  Peter 
Haymond,  en.  August  27.  "154.  dis.  with  comp. 
Lawrence  Kiley.  en.  August  4,  '64.  dis.  with  comp. 
Peter  llusch,  en.  August  4,  "64,  dis.  w  ilh  comp. 
John  Smitana.  en.  August  22.  ■f)4.  sent  to  Insane  i 
Asylum.  January  2:<,  'fiii.  AVilliam  Sturinan,  en.  ; 
Aug.  23,  (U,  dis.  for  disabl.  Nov.  8,  "05.  Geo.  D.  j 
Tuttle,  en.  August  4.  "(U,  dis  with  comj).  Daniel 
T.  Thornjison.  en.  August  2o,  "(14,  dis.  with  comp. 
Charles  Wolslield.  en.  August  ii,  "tU,  pro.  Corj).. 
dis.  with  comp.  George  Young,  en.  August  20,  l 
■64,  dis.  with  comp. 

J?/'cr»(V.s— (Enrolled  February  17,  '(io  ;  dis.  on 
exp.  of  term,  February  17,  "(ifi.]  — f?amuel  II.  IJo- 
baiion,  Cliarles  Ii.  Carlton,  Charles  S.  Plummer, 
William  Stanchlield.  Justus  II.  Wylie.  Daniel  L. 
Carlton.     S.  L.  IJohaiion. 

COSIPANY  F. 

Priralc — Antninc  I'antel.  en.  .\ugust  S.  "(it. 
dis.  .with  comp. 

Independent  liattalinii  .Minnonlii  ('a\alry.  or- 
ganiy.ed  July.  "IWH.  Ordered  I'l  I'embiMa.  1). 
T..  October.  "IW  ;  ordered  to  Fml  .Vlienrondiie. 
I).  T..  May.  '64;  stationed  at  I'cnl  .\bcrcroiubie. 
until  nuistereil  out.  .Mustered  mil  li\  cnuip.iiiies 
from  .\pril  to  June,  Cii. 

niisi'  n.^•l■•n■;K^    i.ii^iri    ai:  i  ii,i.i:iiv. 

oriffinally   commandeil   by    ('apt.    l-jnil    .MumiIi. 

C.  C.  Cogswell.  1st  Sergl..  en.  October  2h,    til, 

dis.   for  <Iisabl.  .Inly  in.  'liii.     .\nthony   (irethen. 

<}.    .\I.    Sergt..    en.    Novendier    11.    "HI.    dis.    IVu' 


disabl.  August  o,  "62.  F.  L.  Haywood.  Sergt., 
en.  October  2H,  "61,  re-en.  pro.  2d  Lieut.,  dis.  with 
battery.  N.  K.  Hanks,  Corp.,  en.  October  28,  '61 , 
died  June  19,  "K.  at  Corinth.  Miss.  C.  S.  Davis. 
Corp..  en.  November  11.  "til.  died  by  wds.  rec'd. 
in  battle.  April  27.  "63.  Henry  Kippe.  Bugler, 
en.  October  f),  "lil,  destd.  January  11,  "62.  at  St. 
Louis.  Peter  Germain,  Artilicer,  en.  October  21 , 
"61.  dis.  March  1,  62,  (mustered  wrong).  John 
JJotTerding.  Artificer,  en.  October  2o,  "61.  dis. 
March  1.  "62.  (mustered  wrong).  C.  D.  Brown, 
-Vrtilicer.  en.  October  2s.  "61,  dis.  for  disabl. 
July  7.  62. 

P)-i"co/cs— Adolph  Butz,  en.  October  Id.  "61. 
re.en.  December  1,  "63,  dis.  with  battery.  Jos. 
Coleman,  en.  Xovember  IJ.  '61.  re-eu.  Decem- 
ber 1,  "63,  discharged  with  battery.  James 
Fall,  en.  October  28,  "61,  pro.  2d  1/ieut..  dis.  with 
battery.  Darwin  Gates,  en.  October  28, '61,  dis. 
for  disabl.  May  1.  "62.  Charles  Ilasselmaiui,  en. 
October  29,  "61,  died  July  8,  "62,  at  St.  Louis. 
Kenselaer  Nevers,  en.  October  28,  '61,  re-en. 
January  1 .  "64.  dis.  with  battery.  Charles  Pierce, 
en.  (X-tober  11, '61,  dis.  for  disabl.  July  21,  "62. 
Boyal  Plummer,  en.  October  30,  '61,  re-en.  Janu- 
ary 1, '64,  dis.  with  battery.  Bussell  Pease,  en. 
()<-tober  8.  "61.  destd.  July  3.  ■<i2.  apprehended 
April  21.  "64.  dis.  June  3(1.  "6.'i.  Howard  Bobin- 
,son.  en.  October  20,  "61,  dis.  for  disabl.  July  19. 
'62.  Jo.seph  Sparks,  en.  October  28,  '61.  dis.  for 
disabl.  "62.  Tracy  Wilson,  en.  .\ngust  16.  "()3. 
dis.  with  battery. 

FIRST  1!.\TTKHY    LKilll'   A  HTII.l.KKY. 

organized  October  '61.  (  )|(1imi'i|  Io  St.  Louis. 
Decendier  "lil.  thence  to  I'iltsbuig  Landing  Feb- 
ruary ■t>2.  Kiigaged  in  the  following  battles, 
marches,  sieges  and  skirmishes:  Shiloh.  Ajtril  5 
and  6.  "62.  siege  of  Corinth.  .\i>ril  "62.  Corinth 
October  3  and  4.  "62.  .Maiclied  trmii  Corinth  to 
O.xford,  Mi.ss..  and  thence  to  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Assigned  to  171h  Army  Corps.  Xovendier  '(12. 
■\'eteraniztMl  .lainiar\  '6t.  Ordereil  to  Cairo,  III., 
thence  to  Iluntsville.  Ala.,  thence  to  Ackworth, 
(Ja.  Battle  of  Kenesaw  .Mountain,  .\tlanta.  July 
22  and  2S.  SherniaM's  caiii|i;hu'ri  llirough  ( Jeorgia 
and  the  Carolinas.  Itiscliarired  al  I'oil  Mielling 
June  30,  "tio. 

sKioNi)  UArrioin  i.njrr  a  ii  rii.i.KiiV. 
Wni.  \.  Ilotihkiss.  ('apt.,  en.  as  private,  com. 


SECOND  AND  TRIED  BATTEBIES,  LIGHT  ARTILLERY. 


211 


Capt.  pro.  Brevet  Major  at  Stone  river,  Veteran- 
ized and  discharged  with  battery,  September,  '65. 
Henry  W.  Harder,  1st  Sergt.  en.  December  7,  '61, 
pro.  2d  Lieut.  July  "62.  1st  Lieut.  January,  '64, 
dis.  witli  battery.  John  ]NIcCausland,  Com.  Sergt. 
en.  December  4,  "61 ,  died  January  22  '6.5  at  Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn.  Henry  W.  Towle,  Corp.  en. 
December  21,  '61,  re-eu.  March  21,  '64,  dis.  with 
battery.  Wilber  Xickols.  Corp.  en.  October  30, 
'61,  dis.  for  disab.  February  15,  '63.  Edward 
Rogers,  Artificer.,  en.  February  14,  "62,  dis.  for 
disab.  April  2,  "63.  John  T.  Aniell.  Artificer. 
en.  March  6,  '62,  re-en.  March  24.  "64,  dis.  for 
disab.  February  16,  '65. 

Privates. — Nicholas  Am,  en.  January  B,  '62, 
dis.  for  disab.  October  31 ,  '62.  Melchor  Blesi,  en. 
January  17.  '62,  died  DecemVjer  6,  '62.  at  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.  Christopher  Blake,  en.  February 
12,  '62,  dis.  for  disab.  October  3,  '62.  Gustav 
Darcachy,  en.  January  20,  '62,  died  January  31, 
'63  in  the  field.  John  Gibson,  en.  January  28,  "62 
dis.  onexp.  of  term  March  28,  '65.  Martin  Ilosli, 
en.  January  11,  '62,  re-en.  March  22,  '64,  dis. 
with  battery.  John  Kennedy,  en.  January  4,  '62 
dis.  for  disab.  April  21.  '63.  John  L.  Kimball,  en. 
January  25,  "62,  dis.  for  disab.  ^lay  22,  '(i3'.  Alden 
C.  Meed,  en.  December  9,  'HI.  dis.  for  disab.  No- 
vember 15,  '62.  Geo.  F.  Murphy,  en.  January 
16,  '62,  died  June  27,  '62  at  Camp  Clear  Creek, 
'Miss.  John  Sojier.  en.  December  12.  '61,  re-en. 
March  21,  '64,  dis.  with  battery.  John  C.  Stock- 
ton, en.  January  25,  "62,  died  "62  at  Tuka,  Miss. 
Peter  Streicher.  en.  January  28,  "()2.  died  Aug- 
ust 21,  "64  in  the  field.  Hilarious  Schmidt,  en. 
February  5,  "62,  dis.  for  disab.  January  3,  "63. 
John  B.  Talcott,  en.  December  12,  "61,  re-en. 
^larch  21,  "64,  pro.  Cm-p.  discharged  with  battery. 
Mathew  Taisey,  en.  January  4,  '62,  dis.  for  disab. 
October  29,  "63.  Bethuel  Then,  en.  February 
12,  '62,  died  July  30.  '62,  at  Keokuk.  la.  David 
Vanderen,  en.  Oclolier  28,  "62,  dis.  on  exp.  of 
term,  JMarch  28,  "65.  Chas.  S.  Waldron,  en.  Jan- 
uary 10,  '62,  re-en.  March  22, 64,  dis.  with  battery. 

SECOND  BATTKIiV,  LKillT  ARTILLERY, 

organized  Decemlier  '(il,  and  commanded  by 
Captain  Hotchkiss.  April  62,  reported  at  Saint 
Louis,  Mo.,  for  equipment.  Ordered  to  Corinth 
May  "62,  arriving  there  at  close  of  Shiloh  battle. 
Participated  in  siege  of  Corinth.     ^Marched  with 


division  commanded  by  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis,  as 
re-enforcement  to  Buell's  army  in  Tennessee. 
Battles  of  Buell's  campaign  against  Bragg.  Per- 
ryville,  October  8  and  9,  '62,  Lancaster,  October 
12,  '62.  Knob  Gap.  December  20,  "62.  Stone 
River,  five  day"s  battle,  commencing  December 
31,  '62.  During  this  battle  the  horses  of  the  bat- 
tery were  not  unhitched  excepting  for  water  at 
night.  Capt.  Hotchkiss  was  promoted  Brevet 
Major  by  general  tield  order,  and  assigned  to 
duty  as  Chief  of  Artillery  of  General  Davis' 
Division,  with  a  command  of  three  batteries. 
Battle  of  Tullahoma.  Marched  in  pursuit 
of  enemy  towards  Rome,  Ga.,  via  Stephen- 
son, Ala.,  crossed  Tennessee  river  at  Caperton"s 
Ferry,  marched  across  Sand  and  Racoon  Moun- 
tains and  reached  Lookout  Mountain  at  Valley 
Head.  Crossed  Lookout  Mountain  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Rome,  in  pursuit  of  tlie  enemy ;  returned 
and  descended  into  McLamore"s  Cove.  En- 
gaged in  battle  of  Chickamauga  Septem- 
ber 19  and  20,  '63.  Mission  Ridge,  subsequent 
marches  and  skirmishes  to  Ringgold.  Marched 
with  Sherman  to  relief  of  Knoxville  September 
"63.  Spring  of  "64,  battles  of  Ringgold.  Tunnel 
Hill  and  Buzzard"s  Roost.  Battery  veteranized 
March  "64.  Battle  of  Nashville  Deceml)er  15  and 
16,  '64.  Stationed  at  Chattanooga  and  Philadel- 
phia, East  Tennessee.  Discharged  at  Fort  Snel- 
ling  September  '65. 

THIRD   BATTERY  LTfiHT   ARTILLERY. 

Rccviiitg — -John  E.  Brawley,  en.  February  24, 
'64,  dis.  with  battery.  David  X.  Carr,  en.  March 
30,  '64,  dis.  with  battery.  Samuel  H.  Clark,  en. 
March  31,  '64, pro.  Corp.,  dis.  with  battery.  Wil- 
liam H.  Garvey,  en.  Felnuary  29.  '64,  dis.  with 
battery.  Charles  Pratt,  en.  Jlarch  31,  '64,  dis. 
with  battery.  George  M.  Wriglit,  en.  March  31, 
'64,  dis.  with  battery. 

Third  Battery  Minnesota  Light  Artillery,  or- 
ganized Febniary,  1863 ;  ordered  iipon  Indian 
Expedition  of  1863  ;  participated  in  engagements 
with  Indians,  July  24,  26  and  28,  1863 ;  stationed 
at  frontier  posts  until  May,  1864,  when  entered 
upon  Indian  Expedition  of  1864 ;  engaged  with 
Indians,  July  28  and  August,  1864  ;  upon  return 
of  expedition,  stationed  at  frontier  posts  until 
muster  out  of  battery,  February  27,  1866. 


212 


HISTOBY  OF  Hl<:^■yEPIN  COUNTY. 


laClIFIELD. 


CUArTKl!  X\X\1. 

OEXKRAL  DKSCIUPTION— EAKLY  SKTTLEMKNT — 
CIVIL  lIISTOIiV      SlIIOOLS— CnriiCIIES— MILL- 

IXG — SHOPS —STOKES— HOTELS HKXil!  Al'III- 

<AL. 

This  township  is  sitniitcil  in  ilu-  soutli-eastei'ii 
part  of  the  conntv .  ami  Imniers  cm  tlic  fast  on 
both  the  Mississijipi  anil  Minnesota  Hivcis.  The 
northern  ami  central  iiurlions  of  the  town  are 
rolling,  and  the  southwestern  undiilatiiii;-  The 
(central  portion  of  the  town  is  traversed  by  the 
sandy  belt,  which  produces  copses  of  small  oaks 
and  aspens.  The  remainder  of  the  rolling  land 
is  well  timbered  with  elm,  bass,  maple,  etc..  trees 
of  a  larger  gi'owth.  The  south-eastern  part, 
bordering  on  the  Fort  Snelling  Reservation,  and 
extending  west  as  far  as  Wood  liake.  is  a  beauti- 
ful prairie.  The  town  contains  ncarl>  tliirlv 
lakes,  many  of  them  of  great  beauty.  Most 
jirominent  among  tliein.  for  size  and  scenery,  are 
Amelia  ami  WUnd  Lakes.  Aside  from  tlie  Mis- 
sissippi and  Minnesota  Hivers  on  tlie  east,  there 
are  two  beautiful  streams.  Minnehaha  and  Nine 
Mile  creeks  which  How  through  the  town.  Minnc- 
lialia  Creek,  taking  its  ri.se  in  Lake  Miimetonka, 
flows  east<^rly  through  the  towns  of  Miimetonka, 
Minneapolis,  and  UiiOilield  i-eceivingtlie  tributary 
waters  of  lakes  Mother,  .\nielia  and  liice.  thence 
south-easterly,  tnmlilin;;  all  its  langliing  waters 
over  a  i»recipii'e.  forming  .Mimiehaha  Falls,  and 
flows  into  the  Mississippi  Itiver,  above  Fort 
Snelling.  These  waters,  but  cspcciall)  .Minne- 
haha ("reek,  are  very  beautiful,  and  a  great 
attraction  to  tourists.  Nine  Mile  Creek  flows 
across  the  soulh-wesleru  I'.nl  nf  the  to\\?i  into 
the  Minnesota. 

The  Northern  Buuudai>  of  ihc  l(i\\iislij|i  was 
originally  twd  miles  nortli  of  the  present  line. 
running  in  a  straight  line  fmm  Minnelonka  to 
the  Mi89is.sij>j>i.     This  line  was  altered  by  act  of 


legislature  in  ls»i7-.s.  ,\  narrow  stri]!  was  taken 
from  its  entire  northern  boundary  and  attached 
totlie  towu.sliip  of  Minneapolis.  It  was  two  miles 
wide  at  the  west  and  so  continued  \mtil  it  inter- 
sected Miuuelialia  Creek  at  the  outlet  of  liice 
Lake,  and  followed  the  course  of  that  stream  to 
its  junction  with  the  Mississippi. 

On  the  east,  the  Military  Keservation,  by 
its  original  l)oundaries.  included  more  than 
half  of  this  township.  The  dividing  line  ex- 
tended west  of  Lake  Harriet.  Ky  the  first  re- 
duction. Xovember,  18-53,  the  lines  were  so  con- 
tracted that  the  western  line  passed  through  lakes 
Mother  and  .\melia.  It  includes  by  its  present 
boundaries  only  about  one  thousand  acres,  and 
allows  the  town  several  miles  on  the  great  rivers. 

EAHLV   SETTLEMENT. 

In  eonseiiuence  of  its  intimate  relations  to  the 
fort  and  its  once  forming  jiarl  of  the  reservatiitn, 
the  history  of  Hichlield  must  begin  from  the  ear- 
liest records  of  explorers,  before  the  settlement  of 
the  stale.  AVe  refer  to  ]irevious  chapters  in  the 
work  for  this  pail  of  the  hi.story,  simply  remind- 
ing the  reader  here,  that  a  few  of  the  Swiss  set- 
tlers, from  the  Hudson  IJay  territory  of  Lord 
Selkirk,  under  the  leader.ship  of  Louis  Massey, 
settled  here  in  June.  1S27,  but  were  forcibly  re- 
moveil  by  orders  from  the  governnu'id.  Xo  relic 
now  indieales  their  oei-ujiauc'V.  The  leader  of 
lhe]iarl\.  Louis  .Massey.  is  still  living  at  Hudson, 
Wiscousiu.  at  an  advanced  age.  7'/i(  firsi  chiim 
in  llie  tnwu  was  thai  made  on  Minnehaha  Creek 
by  lion.  .1.  H.  Ihown.  Louis  (iodfrey  was  the 
lirst  settler  after  the  territorial  organizalinu.  He 
was  a  Freuclnnau  and  his  wife  a  Chippewa. 
He  lived  onsectinu  live,  where  widow  Darey  now 
resi<les.  Hurin;;  llie  Sinu\  luassaere  he  lleil  to 
Mendota.  and  died  there  in  1S7.S.  The  date  of 
his  .settlemeid  is  uncertain,  but  it  is  known  to 
ha\i-  been  )irioi-  to  ls.">i!.     Sauniel  .'-llouiih  made  a 


BICHPIELD- CIVIL  HISTOBY. 


213 


claim  in  1852,  and  resided  lieie  until  his  death, 
in  1875.  William  Finch  settled  here  in  1853,  and 
in  1878  removed  to  California.  He  lived  where 
Mr.  Place  now  resides.  James  A.  Dnnsmoor 
settled  in  1853,  removed  to  California,  and  died  in 
1871.  Philander  Prescott,  who  has  been  men- 
tioned as  arriving  at  Fort  Snelling  in  1819,  and  as 
Indian  farmer  in  1830.  settled  in  Richtield,  near 
where  the  Kichfield  Mills  now  are.  about  1852. 
lie  was  interested  in  the  bnildiniT  of  the  mills, 
and  prominent  in  public  affairs  until  his  death. 
He  was  killed,  in  the  massacre  of  18(52,  by  Little 
Six  and  Medicine  Bottle.  He  was  running  his 
horse  for  life,  hoping  to  reach  Fort  Eidgel>-.  The 
murderers  were  afterwards  hung. 

Alany  other  settlers  arrived  in  1853.  (.'.  W . 
Harris,  who  died  in  1868  at  Minneapolis  ;  Henry 
Townsend  and  his  two  sons.  Henry  and  Robert ; 
Mr.  I>raper,  John  ^NlcCabe.  :Mr.  Duggan,  and 
others.  From  this  date  on,  settlers  arrived  very 
rapidly,  until  now  it  is  one  of  the  most  poijulous 
and  prosperous  towns  in  the  county.  The  pres- 
ent population  is  1505.  The  town  has  22,988 
acres  of  land.  The  assessed  valuation  of  the 
same  tor  the  year  1869,  was  $150,104;  1875, 
$532,530;  1880,  $702,670.  Personal  property. 
1869,  §49,336;  187-J,  §98,329;  1880,  5119,61-1. 
Total  taxes  in  1869,  S3,988,-  1875,38,497;  1880, 
§7,818.  Horses  over  two  years  old,  1869,  333  ; 
1875,  491  ;  1880,  493.  Cattle  over  two  years  old, 
1869,  655  ;  1875,  856  ;  1880,  790.  Sheep,  1869, 
493;  1875,  851;  1880,  1816.  Hogs,  1869.  184; 
1875,  255;  1880,  646.  Bushels  of  wheat,  1869. 
49.124;  1875,  43,425  ;  1880.  Acreage.  5,698. 

CIVIL    IIISTOKY. 

The  annual  Town  meetings  were  held  at  the 
school  house,  near  Kichlield  Mills,  until  1874. 
A.  Keith  was  moderator  at  the  tirst  meeting  held 
May  1  Ith,  '58.  witli  Alonzo  Sawtelle.  Clerk.  In  the 
tirst  call  for  a  meeting  the  name  of  -'Richland"  did 
not  seem  to  please  the  people,  and  the  first  vote 
taken  was  for  the  new  name  of  Richfield.  The 
Post  Office  had  been  called  Harmony  until  Rich- 
tield was  adopted.  The  Supervisors  elected  were 
Joel  Brewster  Chairman,  Richard  Strout,  and 
Jesse  Richardson  ;  Town  Clerk.  Alorizo  Sawtelle  ; 
Assessor,  George  Odell  ;  Overseer  of  the  Poor, 
James  A.  Dnnsmoor;  Justices,  R.  L.  Rar- 
tholomew,  Geo.  AV.  Irwin;  Constaljles,  Geo.  W. 


Townsend  and  Wm.  R.  iloffatt ;  Collector,  Geo. 
W.  Townsend  ;  Overseer  of  Roads,  A.  Keith.  The 
first  Supervisors  meeting  was  held  June  3,  1858, 
and  the  town  divided  into  road  districts.  June 
14th,  1858,  §400  was  voted  for  town  expenses. 
September  30th,  1858,  Wm.  Finch  elected  county 
Supervisor.  April  5th,  1859,  voted  §100  for 
town  expenses.  Supervisors  elected,  Geo.  Odell, 
C.  I.  W.  Maynard,  AV.  W.  Woodward.  April  3, 
1860,  voted  §400  for  town  expenses  and  autlior- 
ized  the  building  of  Pounds.  Supervisors,  Geo. 
Odell,  G.  W.  Irwin,  J.  N.  Richardson. 

April  2,  1861,  voted  §150  for  town  expenses 
and  §600  for  schools.  Supervisors,  Geo.  Odell, 
R.  R.  Bryant.  T.  W.  Peirce.  W.  W.  Woodward 
appointed  Superintendent  of  Scliools. 

April  1, 1862,  levied  1}  mills  perdollarfor  town 
expenses.  Supervisors,  Geo.  Odell.  W.  W.  Wood- 
ward, R.  Robinson. 

April  7,  1863,  levied  21  mills  per  dollar  for 
town  expenses.  Supervisors.  W.  W.  Woodward, 
A.  II.  Baston,  G.  W.  Brown. 
January  30th,  1864,  call  for  a  special  meeting, 
which  was  held  February  10th,  and  by  a  vote  of 
64  to  59  raised  S8000  to  pay  soldiers'  bounties 
and  that  each  one  slK)uld  receive  §150,  but  at 
a  special  meeting  ilarch  23,  the  amount  was 
reduced  to  §125. 

April  otli.  1864.  levied  1 1  mills  for  town  expenses, 
and  16  mills  to  pay  interejit  on  bounty  bonds,  and 
raised  the  per  diem  of  town  officers  from  §1,00 
to  §1,50.  Supervisors,  A.  II.  Baston.  G.  W. 
Townsend,  W.  G.  Moffatt. 

August  9th,  measures  were  taken  to  respond  to 
the  President "s  call  for  500,000  men, 

January  28th,  1865,  it  was  voted  to  take  no 
action  in  response  to  tlie  Presidents'  call  for  300- 
000  men. 

Feliruary  8th.  voted  to  raise,  not  to  exceed 
§8,000,  for  soldier's  liounties,  and  authorized  the 
Supervisors  to  issue  town  bonds  for  that  purpose. 

April  4,  1865,  levied  one  mill  per  dollar  for 
town  expenses  and  three  cents  per  dollar  to  apply 
on  town  bonds.  Supervisors,  A.  H.  Baston,  G.  W. 
Townsend,  E.  Groesbeck. 

xVpril  3,  1866,  levied  one  mill  per  dollar  for 
town  expenses,  and  three  cents  for  Bounty  bonds, 
and  to  remit  county  tax  of  all  soldiers  who  did 
not  receive  a  local  bounty.  Supervisors,  G.  W. 
Townsend,  E.  J.  Woodward,  E.  Groesbeck. 


214 


lllbTOliX  OF  HENNEPIN  COUyTY. 


April  2.  1867.  raised  tlie  salary  of  town  officers 
.50  per  cent  above  the  snin  tixeil  Ity  statute,  for  as- 
certaining the  names  of  all  the  soldiei-s  credited  to 
the  town  who  had  not  received  bounties  and  to  pay 
them  ?100  each,  and  to  pay  a  like  sum  to  Wm. 
Garvey.  W.  Wilson,  E.  F.  Hall.  Richard  Xeill 
and  John  Dague.  they  having  enlisted  prior  to 
any  provision  for  bomities.  One  mill  i)er  dollar 
levied  for  town'and  road  expenses.     Sn])ervisors 

D.  AV.  Albaiigh.  .).  .\.  15iill.  .1.  X.  Richardson. 
July  11,  §2.11(1(1  town  limids  were  issued  to  jiay 

for  damages  on  bridges,  and  make  other  rejiairs 
occasioned  by  a  heavy  freshet. 

April  7,  1868,  IJ  per  cent  was  levied  for  town 
and  road  expenses.  Supervisors.  J.  X.  Richard- 
son. J.  A.  Bull.  R.  Towiisend. 

April  (),  1869,  levied  H  mills  i)er  dollar  for  town 
expenses ;  voted  that  Frank  M.  Thornton,  an  ex- 
soldier,  be  paid  SlOO,  he  having  received  no  local 
bounty.  Supervisors.  J.  A.  Bull.  Aaron  IIiio\er. 
Horace  Wilson. 

April  o,  1870.  three  mills  jier  dollar  was  levied 
for  town  expenses.  Supervisors,  C.  H.  Clark. 
Aaron  Hoover,  E.  F.  Irwin. 

March  14.  1871,  elected  ('.  II.  (lark,  E.  F. 
Irwin  and  Aaron  Hoover.  S([pervisors.  Xo 
tax  for  town  expenses. 

March  12,  1872,  levied  8  mills  per  dollar  for 
town  expenses.  A  majority  vote  against  grant- 
ing a  liquor  license.    Supervisors.  C.  II.  Clark. 

E.  F.  Irwin.  B.  P.  Schulcr. 

March  11.  ^><'i'^.  voted  o  mills  per  dollar  for 
town  and  road  expenses.  Supervisors,  E.  F. 
Irwin,  .1.  H.  Bull-  Michael  (Jleeson. 

March  lo.  1^74.  This,  and  all  olh((  (((cclinKs 
were  held  in  Kichardson's  Hall,  (uitil  1880. 
Supervisors.  C.  H.  Clark.  Michael  (Jleeson.  .Tames 
L.  (iarvey.  Levied  four  mills  for  town  and  road 
expenses.  It  not  being  enough,  a  special  meeting 
was  called  Sei)lember  1st.  and  S72.">  rais(^d  for 
t<iwn  and   road  fund. 

March  O.  187.5.  Supervisors.  C.  II.  Clark.  .Jas. 
L.  (iarvey.  Volt-d  to  grant  liccu.se.  i>:i  to  -52. 
Raised  S2.000  for  all  town  expenses.  The  statute 
of  limitation  being  two  mills  on  the  assessed 
valuation,  tbf  aUKKUit  raised  did  not  reach  that 

sum. 

March  14.  \>^'i'>.  raised  the  per  diem  of  town 
(illicers  to  two  dollars.  Sixty  votes  cast  against 
liquor  license 


with    iiniic   for  it.     S((pfivisoi-s. 


B.  F.  Hansconi.  Stephen  L.  Witbeck.  .John  Craik. 
At  a  special  meeting  .59  votes  were  cast  for,  and 
18  against  paying  the  St<ite  R.  R.  Bonds  by  selling 
the  internal  improvement  lands. 

March  12.  1«78.  levied  one  mill  per  dollar  for 
the  erection  of  a  Town  Hall.  Supervisors,  Wra. 
Finch,  Thos.  Richardson,  Chas.  Hohag. 

March  11.  1879,  levied  2.]  mills  for  building 
Town  Hall,  care  of  poor  and  town  exi)enses. 
Supervisors.  E.  F.  Irwin.  .lames  (iarvey.  Chas. 
A.  Hohag.  The  Town  Hall  was  cciniiilctiMl  this 
year. 

March  9.  ifsso.  levied  2i  mills  f(u-  all  town  ex- 
penses. Supervisors,  E.  F.  Irwin.  .las.  L.  (iar- 
vey, Chas.  A.  Hohag. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  lirst  school  in  the  town  was  taught,  during 
the  winter  of  18.54-.5,  Ijy  Miss  .Mary  Townsend. 
in  a  log  school  house.  It  was  built  near  Wood 
Lake,  by  five  men.  H.  L.  Itartliolomew.  C. 
Gregory,  (ieorge  Gilmcne,  C.  Co((illard  and 
AVilliam  Finch.  Miss  Townsend  afterwards  mar- 
ried Mr.  Getchell.  and  resides  in  Los  Angeles. 
California.  ^liss  Craik.  nt)w  .Mrs.  Frank  Hans- 
comb,  of  Minneapolis,  taught,  in  the  sunnner  of 
18.55,  in  a  school  house  near  Richfield  .Mills.  This 
school  house  became  a  residence,  ami  is  now  oc- 
cupied by  Mr.  Schafner. 

There  are  now  six  f((ll  and  one  joint  districts 
in  town,  with  seven  school  houses.  District  Xo. 
11.h(i((s('  built  ill  1.S.59.  on  section  28;  District 
X'o.  17.  house  moved  on  section  18.  1871  :  District 
Xo.  16.  house  built  on  section  8  in  1872:  Distriet 
Xo.  li.  house  built  in  1S7.) :  District  Xo.  8,  house 
built  on  section  14  in  ls72:  District  X'o.  109. 
liouse  built  in  section  -■').  in  IsT").  District  Xo. 
88  is  a  joint  district,  lying  in  Richtield  and  Rloom- 
iiigton  townships;  house  built  on  section  S.5.  in 
1860. 

I   IK    K(1IICS. 

The  town  has  tour  church  organizations :  .Meth- 
odist Ki)iscoi)al.  lia|itisl.  Episcopal  and  ('atholic. 

The  Methodist  ilciiniiiiiiiitioii  began  itscxistence 
mider  the  guidance  of  licv.  .Mills,  who  held  the 
lirsl  services  in  a  granary,  owned  by  Heiu'y 
Townsend.  Services  were  next  held  in  the  school 
house  near  Wood  Lake,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
south  of  where  the  Ifaptisl  church  now  stands. 
It  was  called    ■■Ilannonv   .Mission"    until   l.si;t. 


BICHFIELB—  CH  URGHES-MILLING. 


215 


when  it  was  included  in  the  '•  ilinneapolis  Cir- 
cuit." In  tlie  fall  of  I860,  a  change  was  made, 
and  a  new  circuit  formed,  consisting  of  appoint- 
ments at  Excelsior.  Eden  Prairie.  Chanliassen, 
anil  Harmony,  or  Wood  Lake,  as  it  was  some- 
times called.  In  1869,  the  neat  wooden  church 
w-as  built  on  section  22.  A  parsonage  and  ceme- 
tery were  also  located  on  the  church  grounds. 

The  cemetery  is  neatly  kept  and  beautifully  or- 
namented with  evergreen  and  forest  trees.  The 
following  clergymen  have  succeeded  each  other 
in  the  charge  :  Revs.  Mills.  .John  Hooper,  Elliott, 
George  Galpin,  Levi  Gleasou,  J.  D.  Kich.  1).  W. 
Berlin,  John  Stafford,  C.  T.  Garvin.  W.  D.  Ben- 
nett, J.  H.  Macomber, Farber,  F.  H.  Tubbs. 

Henry  Brooks,  and  J.  M.  Marsh. 

THE  FIRST   BAPTIST   CIIUIUH 

of  Richlield  was  organized  by  Rev.  Amory  Gale, 
and  began  its  existence  by  meetings  in  the  school- 
house  near  Richfield  Mills,  where  ^Ir.  Schafner 
now  lives.  The  church,  capable  of  seating  two 
hundred  people,  was  built  in  1869.  Rev.  .1.  R. 
Manton  has  been  pastor  since.  He  was  lioru  in 
Providence.  Rhode  Island.  September  2.>sth.  1821, 
graduated  at  Brown  University,  in  his  native  city, 
in  1848,  and  first  engaged  in  the  ministry  at  Glou- 
cester, Mass.  Three  years  after  he  removed  to 
Tennessee,  and  labored  there  until  1857.  He 
then  returned  north  and  had  charge  of  a  clunch 
at  Quincy.  Illinois,  until  1860,  when  he  came  to 
ilinneapolis  and  was  pastor  of  the  ■■  First 
Baptist  Church "  of  that  city  mitil  1864.  He 
tiieu  went  to  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  and  remained 
until  1868,  when  he  returned  to  2*Iinnesota  on 
account  of  ill  healtli,  and  has  since  been  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Richfield.  He  owns  a  small 
farm  and  has  a  very  pleasant  home  on  tlie  liaiiks 
of  Wood  Lake. 

EPISCOPAL — TKINITY    CHAPEL. 

In  March,  1869,  Rev.  Knickeibacker  l)egan 
holding  services,  assisted  by  S.  B.  Cowdrey  as  lay 
reader,  in  the  school-house  of  district  17.  As  a 
result  of  those  services,  a  churcli  builduig  was 
commenced  May  20th,  1872,  on  an  acre  lot 
donated  by  James  A.  Bull.  Tlie  opening  ser- 
vices were  held  August  11th.  1,S72,  by  Rev. 
McMasters  and  Rev.  Knickerbacker.  The 
church  was  dedicated  as  Trinity  Chapel  by 
Bishop   Whipple,    September  12th,  same    year. 


The  congregation  numliered  about  twenty-five 
families — the  Sabbath-school  forty-two  chil- 
dren. The  latter  has  been  held  regularly  from 
1869.  The  Brotherhood  of  Gethsemane  had 
charge  of  the  church  imtil  1877,  suice  which 
time  Rev.  Charles  RoUit  has  been  in  charge. 
Services  are  now  held  once  each  month. 

CATHOLIC — ST.    VALENTIXE's   CHURCH. 

This  is  a  Catholic  Mission  Church  and  is  located 

!  on  the  south  line  of  the  town  on  section  34.    It  is 

i  under  the  auspices  of  St.  Joseph's  Church,  O. 

\  S.  B.  of  Minneapolis  and  is  visited  twice  a  month 

by  Father  Salzeder  or  his  assistant.    The  church 

was  built  in  1874.  and  is  about  28x70  feet. 

3IIXXEHAIIA   GRAXCiE.    XO.   .S98. 

This  society  was  organized  in  1.S74.  by  Deputy 
Chowen  of  Minnetonka.  Tliere  were  twenty-four 
charter  members.  The  first  Master  was  J.  A.  Bull 
and  the  first  Secretary,  Joseph  Hamilton  who  is 
now  master.  The  regular  meetings  are  held  once 
a  month  during  summer  and  once  in  two  weeks  in 
the  winter.  A  fine  hall  was  erected  in  the  win- 
;  ter  of  1879  and  '80,  near  the  Waterville  Mills. 
It  is  26x50  feet,  with  fourteen  feet  ceiling,  and  is 
used  for  meetings  of  the  Grange,  lyceums, 
festivals,  parties  and  for  instructive  and  enter- 
taining occasions. 

3IILLIXG. 

The  only  manufacturing  estalilishments  are  the 
Flouring  Mills.  These  are  the  ••Richfield  Mills" 
and  the  "Edina  Mills."  The  former  was  built 
in  1854.  by  Philander  Prescott,  Judge  Moffatt 
and  Eli  Pettijohn.  The  whole  property  soon 
came  into  the  possession  of  Mr.  Prescott,  and  he 
remamed  sole  owner  until  his  tragic  death  in 
1862.  It  is  situated  on  Minnehaha  Creek,  at  the 
crossing  of  the  Bloomington  road.  Tlie  property 
has  passed  through  thehands  of  various  owners 
to  the  present  proprietors,  Pratt  &  Baird.  The 
mill  is  now  operated  by  W.  .J.  Baird  &  Co.  It  is 
a  turbine  wheel  mill  with  four  runs  of  stone  and 
a  capacity  of  twenty  barrels  in  ten  hours. 

EDIXA  MILLS. 

This  is  commonly  called  the  "Waterville  ilill," 
and  is  situated  on  section  eighteen.  It  was  built 
in  1857.  The  present  owners,  Andrew  and 
John  Craik  took  the  property  about  1869, 
and    added     two     runs    of    stone    and    other 


216 


HISTORY  OF  HEXyEPIN  COVXTY 


improvements.  The  company  manufacture  oat 
meal  and  pearl  barley.  Tliey  are  at  pres- 
ent the  only  manut'ai-tnrers  of  these  articles  in 
the  county.  These  Mills  are  both  located  on 
Minnehaha  Creek  and  derive  their  power  from 
that  stream.  The  ("reek  at  tlie  Kdina  Mills  has 
a  fall  of  lifteen  feel,  affording  a  valuable  jiower. 
This  mill  lias  three  turbine  wheels,  two  of  thirty 
inches  in  diameter,  and  one  of  thirty-six  inches 
furnishing  a  lifty  horse  i)o\ver. 

SllOI'S. 

Thomas  Page  has  a  blacksniilli  shop  on  section 
twenty-two.  William  Ewiiig  has  a  carriage  and 
blacksmith  shop  combined,  near  the  Edina  Mills. 

STORES. 

John  .'^.  Mann  (ipciied  llie  first  store  in  the 
town.  This  was  a  small  concern  located  near 
Prescotfs  Mill,  opened  at  the  first  settlement  of 
the  town.  Mr.  JIann,  however,  failed  in  business, 
and  Mr.  Prescott  kept  a  store  for  several  years. 
Only  one  store  remains  to  be  named,  that  on  the 
hill  near  the  mill,  kept  by  J.  \.  Hicliardsmi. 
Irvin  Diinsmoor  opened  it  in  ISoii.  lie  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Diinsmoor  Bros.,  and  they,  by  Mr. 
liichardson.  in  1HT2.  This  is  a  well-stocked 
country  store. 

11(I1KI>. 

Minnehaha  Mold  is  a  pupiilai  siimiiifr  resort 
at  Minnehalia  Falls.  kei>l  by  J.  Jv  Hootli.  The 
house  is  r)iiile  large  and  the  rooms  well  furnished. 
It  accommodates  lifty  guests  comfortably.  The 
barns,  sheds  and  oiit-bnildings  are  aniiile.  It  is 
at  i>resent  under  good  management.  It  is  apart 
of  the  estate  of  the  laic  Franklin  Steele,  obtained 
by  him  under  his  iiurchase  of  the  Military  Reser- 
vation, in  1K57. 

The  house  was  begun  in  1S7H.  by  Mr.  Shaw. 
When  he  abandoned  it.  Mr.  Steele  carried  mil 
llic  plan  and  coin|ililc  I  Ihi'  work.  The  picll\ 
new  .Minnehalia  ih-pot  (in  the  Milwaukee  and  St. 
Paul  Mailiiiad  is  loealed  just  nppcisite  the  hotel,  to 
accommodate  its  guests  and  visitors  tu  the  falls. 

Minnehalia  .Spring  Hotel.  Tliis  house  is  abdilt 
eighty  rods  lielow  the  depnl.  Its  noticealile  fea- 
tures are  a  line  dancing  hall  and  large  stables. 
Isidore  Henry  is  the  j>iii])iiel<>r. 

The  Town  Hall  was  built  in  Ih7!i.  It  isalioui 
eighty   roils  north  nt   the   Baptist  Cliiireh.     The 


building  cost  $1500.  It  is  32x4.5  feet  on  the 
grounil.  In  front  of  llie  audience  room  is  an 
entrance  hall  and  cloak  room,  with  a  large  and 
convenient  gallery.  In  the  rear  are  two  rooms 
sixteen  feet  square,  used  for  public  business. 

Pleasure  (xarden  and  (tieen  House.  J.  E.  Booth, 
who  has  been  previously  lueutioned  as  jiroiirietor 
of  the  Minnehaha  1  bmse.  has  established  a  green- 
house near  Ihe  hotel.  He  lioiight  and  inclosed 
three  acres  of  land  here  in  1S77.  lie  has  since 
laid  it  out  tastefully  with  walks,  arbors,  etc.,  etc. 
Flowers  and  jilants  fringe  the  walks  on  every 
side.  It  is  called  the  best  landscape  garden  iu  the 
State.  A  drive-way.  starling  from  the  main  en- 
trance, follows  around  near  the  sides  in  a  circu- 
lar form.  The  jilat  inclosed  by  the  road-way  is 
cultivated  with  beautiful  tlowers  and  foliage 
plants  in  beds,  with  seriieiitine  walks.  In  this 
indosure  is  a  large  arbor  with  seals  ami  a  bonlh. 
where  refreshmenls  may  be  oblaiued.  The  space 
outside  the  drive  is  also  laid  out  with  haiidsoiue 
plants.  Opjiosite  the  entrance  and  outside  the 
iuclosure  are  the  private  residence  and  green- 
house. 

Nursery.  In  the  ncirtli  middle  of  the  town,  on 
section  sixteen.  .Mr.  .\.  Mewart  has  a  nursery, 
principally  devoted  to  tree-ciiliure. 

i;i(i(;i:Al'in(  Al.. 

(ieorge  W.  liainl.  is  a  native  of  Peniisx  Ivania. 
born  April  bitli.  Is:!').  In  l.s.j7  he  removed  to 
Minnesota  and  purchased  the  farm  of  120  acres 
which  he  now  occupies,  located  on  section  18. 
In  till-  spring  of  IWid  he  imported  the  tirst  Siianish 
Merino  sheep  brought  iuln  the  State.  He  sold 
the  lirst  lleece  of  line  wool  in  .Minneapolis  receiv- 
ing ilo  cents  ]ier  pound  for  the  same.  He  is  at 
present  giving  liis  wliole  atteiilidii  to  line  ("ots- 
Wdld  and  Eiiii'dlu  grades,  and  received  lirst  prizes 
at  the  .Minneapolis  lONpositiou  of  ISSll.  He  was 
man  led  (  ictnliei  lllli.  lMi-"i.  to  .Miss  Sarah  (i. 
( iates.  a  uati\  e  of  \eiiiioiil. 

.lohii  E.  Iloiilh  was  liorii  in  I Imldeislield,  Voik- 
sliire.  England.  May  12tli.  is.ti;.  He  remained 
in  England,  engaged  in  the  luaiiul'acture  of  fancy 
woolen  g<iods.  until  1K.")I.  when  lie  eiime  to  the 
I'nileil  States  and  located  in  New  .lersey.  He 
remained  in  that  Stale  about  six  months  anil 
removed  lo  .Mbaiiy,  X.  Y.  Thence,  in  .Manli. 
Ih.V).   to    lirodUh  n.  and   froiii   there  to  Toronto. 


BICHFIELD— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


217 


Canada.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Boston,  tlienoe 
to  Philadelphia  where  he  was  married  to  Mary 
Beaumont,  who  died  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year. 

In  1858,  his  health  failing,  he  returned  to 
England,  where  he  was  engaged  as  llorist  for 
eleven  years.  In  1859  he  was  married  to  Mary 
Morrell,  and  in  l.STO  he  returned  to  America,  and 
came  directly  to  Minneapolis,  engaging  as  florist 
and  gardener  for  Wyman  Elliott.  After  remain- 
ing with  liiui  eighteen  months,  he  leased  the 
grounds  and  liot  houses  for  live  years  and  carried 
on  the  business  for  himself.  In  ISTT  he  pur- 
chased three  acres  of  ground  at  Miiniehalia, 
which  he  laid  out  and  improved  as  a  landscape 
garden.  This  garden  is  valued  at  S10,()()0.  In 
1880  he  leased  the  Minneliaha  hotel  and  grounds. 
and  is  now  conducting  the  same.  The  children 
are,  Herbert  M.,  Annie  J..  Frederic  E.,  and 
Arthur  C. 

James  A.  Bull,  was  born  in  Jefferson  county. 
New  York,  February,  1834.  He  remained  there 
with  his  parents,  until  1859  when  he  came  to  Min- 
nesota, and  settled  on  the  farm  he  now  occupies. 
He  owns  158  acres  of  fertile  land  and  has  im- 
proved it,  luitil  it  now  ranks  among  the  best 
farms  in  this  town.  Mr.  Bull  was  married  in 
1856.  to  Mary  F.  Comstock.  who  bore  him  one 
child,  ]Mary  L.  Mrs.  Bull  died  in  the  winter  of 
1865.  He  was  married  again  in  "67.  to  Miss  Amy 
L.  Cooper ;  has  four  children.  James  H.  Alvah  M. 
Coates  P.  and  Anna  B. 

Frederick  Bush,  was  Ixmi  in  Sldckhausen. 
Prussia,  Decenilier  12th,  1.S49.  lie  remained  in 
his  native  country  until  1869  when  he  emigrated 
to  America.  lie  came  to  Minnesota,  and  settled 
in  Bichfleld.  Hennepin  county.  December,  1S69, 
owns  15  acres  on  section  15,  Township  28.  Bauge 
24,  where  he  has  a  pleasant  home. 

John  Carey,  is  the  owner  of  93|  acres  of 
land  on  sections  s  and  9,  Kichfield  Township.  45 
acres  being  under  cultivation.  He  was  Inirn  in 
Tipperary,  Ireland.  June  14,  1826,  and  remained 
there  until  nearly  20  years  of  age,  when  he  came 
to  America.  Resided  in  New  Jersey  one  year, 
thence  removing  to  Maryland,  where  he  remained 
vmtil  1855, when  he  came  to  Minnesota  and  pur- 
chased the  farm  he  has  since  occupied.  Was 
married  to  Ann  Began,  a  native  of  Ireland,  in 
1854.     They  have  had  twelve  children,  ten  now 


living.    Lizzie,  James,    Mary,    Maggie,    John, 
Nora,  Jeremiah,  William,  Patrick,  Agnes. 

C.  C.  Chase  was  born  in  Haverhill,  Mass.,  May 
16th,  1844.  Resided  in  his  native  State  until 
1874,  when  he  came  to  Hennepin  county,  pur- 
ceased  twenty  acres  of  land  on  section  15,  town 
of  Richfield,  where  he  conducts  a  market  garden. 
Mr.  Chase  is  a  practical  gardener,  and  has  been 
quite  successful  in  the  business. 

George  Code  owns  200  acres  of  land,  of  which 
fifty  acres  are  cultivated,  the  balance  meadow 
and  woodland.  He  was  born  in  Carlow  county, 
Ireland,  October  29th,  1824.  Was  engaged  in 
farming  in  his  native  country  until  1849,  when 
he  emigrated  to  Canada,  locathig  at  Ottawa, 
where  he  engaged  in  farming  and  lumbering  for 
seven  years.  In  1856  he  came  to  the  United 
States,  coming  directly  to  MiimeapoUs,  w'here  he 
resided  until  1863.  when  he  purchased  the  land 
he  now  owns  in  Richfield,  and  has  since  been  en- 
gaged in  farming.  Was  married  October  27th, 
1859,  to  Grace  Watt,  a  native  of  Ontario,  Canada. 
She  was  born  May  15th,  1836.  They  are  the  par- 
ents of  six  children:  Robert  F.,  George  A.,  Mai'y, 
AViliiam,  Elizabeth,  and  Joseph  W. 

Mary  Copley  is  the  owner  of  eighty-two  acres 
of  land,  forty  acres  under  cultivation.  Was  born 
in  Ireland,  March  21st.  1837.  Remained  in  her 
native  coiuitry  until  I860,  when  she  came  to  New 
York  City,  and  thence  to  Boston,  where  she  re- 
mained three  years.  In  1863,  removed  to  St.  Paul, 
wlieie  she  resided  until  1868,  when  she  married 
Mr.  ( "opley.  and  has  since  resided  on  the  farm  she 
now  occupies. 

Cornelius  Couillard.  one  nf  the  old  settlers  of 
Kiclifield,  was  born  at  Frankfort.  Maine.  October 
31st,  1813.  At  the  age  of  seventeen,  learned  the 
trade  of  tanner  and  currier,  following  it  eight 
years ;  then  worked  in  a  ship  yard.  In  April.  1854. 
(•;ane  to  St.  Anthony,  and  engaged  in  carpenter 
wiirk,  and  on  the  old  susi)ension  l)ridge.  In 
August,  18.54,  he  made  a  claim  of  160  acres,  in 
Richfield  ;  1855,  removed  with  his  family,  and 
has  since  resided  there.  The  whole  quarter  sec- 
tion has  been  brought  under  cultivation.  He  was 
Married,  Sept.  11th,  1834,  to  Nancy  J.  Couillard, 
of  Maine,  who  died  October  6th,  1875.  They  had 
nine  children  :  Ellen  M.,  EUery  A.,  Amanda  M. 
died  August,  1839  ;  Annie  A.,  died  August  17th, 


218 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


]877  :  Miiloiuili.  died  March,  1849  ;  Adelbert  H., 
Emma  1)..  Cliailes  A..  Fred.  L. 

(iforfre  \V.  CiiiiiniiiiRs.  a  native  of  Maine,  was 
lioni  Aiiril  Mli.  ls.")H.  Kngaged  in  fanning  until 
ISliT.  when  he  eanie  with  his  parents  ti)  Bloom- 
ington.  Henneiiin  ('(Mnity.  .\t  tlie  age  of  twenty- 
one,  lie  eniliarUed  in  dairy  liusiness.  In  ISTS  lie 
bouglit  the  land  he  now  oeeupies.  His  dairy 
business  has  been  (|uite  sueeessful.  Was  married 
to  Miss  Alice  (Jilchrist.  Dec.  2r>t\\.  IHT.'j.  They 
have  three  children:  .\illiur  .V..  (ieoi'ge  II..  ami 
Ruth  W. 

William  .1.  Diigiian  is  the  owner  of  21-5  acres 
of  land.  ISd  is  i)low  land,  the  balance  woodland 
and  i>asture.  lie  was  born  in  Tii>perary.  Ireland. 
in  1838;  came  to  .Vmerica.  with  his  iiarents,  in 
1847.  residing  in  Illinois  until  bs.JH.  wlieii  he  caine 
to  Henneiiin  county,  and  has  since  resided  on  the 
farm  lie  now  occupies.  This  farm  was  pre-empt- 
ed by  his  fatlier  in  Is.iH.  In  \sn-2  he  was  one  of 
("apt.  Xorthup's  company  who  went  to  the  relief 
of  Fort  Hidgelx.  Was  married  .January  21st. 
1871,  to  Cordelia  Kyle,  by  whom  he  has  four  chil- 
dren;  Mary.  Katie.  Maggie.  John. 

William  M.  Fwing  wasborn  in  Canada  in  iNlti. 
Learned  the  trade  of  wagon  maker,  and  served 
the  government  during  the  rebellion  in  Canada. 
In  184s.  removed  to  New  York:  remained  one 
year;  thence  to  Michig.in.  In  ls-")l  he  came  to 
Minnesota,  assisted  in  the  survey  of  Maple  Grove 
township,  and  in  naming  it.  In  1857  he  removed 
to  Osseo.  and  was  the  lirst  secretary  of  the 
coriioration.  In  Ihij^  he  removeil  to  a  farm 
in  tlie  town  of  Brooklyn,  and  resided  there 
eight  years.  lie  eidisied  in  Company  C  of  the 
.Mounted  Hangers,  serving  as  clerk  in  the  (Jiiar- 
tciinasler's  department,  until  the  company  was 
disliauiled.  Was  married  in  is  10.  to  Myra  Rogers ; 
by  her  he  had  live  ehildren.  t  wo  of  whom  are  now 
living,  lie  has  been  married  three  times:  has 
four  children  living.  Charles  .Vrklaud.  Alice 
Myra.  Fran<-is  Cordelia  and  Mar\   .Vdelma. 

Patrick  Fogarly  was  liorn  in  Inland  in  Islo; 
came  lo  Ihiscounlry  in  1«')7.  and  settled  in  Kicli- 
lield  township.  lie  was  four  years  in  the  employ 
of  the  government,  driving  team.  In  \W2  was 
witli  (ieneral  .Sibley  on  his  Imlian  IC.xpedition. 
I'uicliased  the  farm  on  which  he  has  since  re- 
sided, in  IM).').  lie  now  has  thirty  acres  under 
cultivation.     Was  manied   in.Iaiiuar\.    Imiii.  to 


Rridget  Carrol,  by  whom  lie  has  had  seven  chil- 
dren. Mary.  Maggie.  Ellen.  Bridget.  Willie.  An- 
nie and  Denis. 

George  Fortwingler.  a  native  of  (ierniany.  was 
born  November  23d.  182M.  llecameto  Ihiscoun- 
try  in  18-54.  resided  in  Ohio  one  year,  and  in  18.5.") 
removed  to  St.  Paul  where  he  remained  till  Ihtifi, 
wlien  lie  icmo\ cd  tn  Bloomiugton,  Hennepin 
county.  Kept  a  Imlel  at  Xine-Mile  Creek  for  two 
years,  then  purchased  the  farm  he  now  resides  on. 
Was  married  in  IK.").'),  to  Miss  A.  Heisslei  a  native 
of  (ierinany.  by  her  he  had  four  cliildicn.  (ieorge 
and  Caroline,  twins.  .lulius  and  .lulieii.  twins. 
Ilis  wife  died  and  he  again  married;  his  second 
wife  was  .Miss  .\.  Hen/,  by  whom  he  has  three 
children,  .\melia.  Mai>.  Olillia. 

.lohn  F.  (tilmore  was  born  in  Ohio.  Decem- 
ber -\n\.  isiti.  While  young  he  accomiianied 
his  jiarents  tn  Illinnis  and  resided  in  that 
stale.  o<-eupied  in  leaching  school  until  l,S3!). 
when  he  went  to  .Mississippi  and  engaged  in  the 
same  vocation.  In  ls4.')  he  removed  to  Xewjiort, 
Kentucky,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  nursery 
business  for  six  years.  In  ls71  lie  came  t<' .Min- 
nesola.  residing  at  Faribault  two  years,  engaged 
ill  the  nursery  business.  He  came  to  Henneiiin 
coiiiily  ill  1S7.S  and  lias  since  resided  in  Hichlield. 
Was  married  Dec.  :!d.  ISTU.  to  .Miss  Belle  Mc- 
Cliire.     Their' children  arc  .\loll\   and   William. 

Ilernian  .1.  (;jertsen  is  a  uali\c  of  Norway, 
born  October  •Jiitli.  ls:;u.  He  loHowed  farming 
and  tisliing  in  his  native  country  until  18(58  when 
he  emigrated  to  .\iiierica.  settling  in  Isanti  coun- 
ty. Minnesota.  Came  to  Hichlield  in  Is7(l  and 
in  1878  he  boiii;lit  M  acres  \\  here  lie  now  resides. 
Married  Alberliiia  Olson  of  Norway  in  18.il. 
Family  record  is  Nels  1'..  .lolin  ('.,  Ole  J., 
Ilciiix  .1..  Louis  ('..  .\ssoiia  .M..  I^unice  T.,  So- 
phia .1..  (ieorge  II.     Three  children  have  died. 

.Michael  (ileesoii  was  born  in  Ireland  in  l.H|(), 
and  came  to  this  coiintr\  in  IMU.  Landed  in 
New  '^'ork  and  went  to  .MassachiiseUs  where  he 
resided  until  ls."i.'>.  when  he  came  west  and  set- 
tled ill  Ileniiepiii  i'oiint> .  He  made  a  claim  of 
liio  acres,  which  he  has  since  iiu-reased  by  pur- 
chase to  J73  acres.  He  was  married  in  l.s.')J  to 
Mary  lioldeii.  of  Ireland.  The>  have  had  nine 
cliildii'ii.  .Michai'l.  .lames  and  .lohn.  twins. 
Tlinmas.  M;ii\  \iiii,  l>.niicl.  Bridgel.  Cornelius. 
William. 


BICSFIELB-BIOGBAPMICAL. 


219 


Charles  ITaeg  was  born  in  Germany,  July  13, 
1819.  He  learned  the  trade  of  cabinet  maker, 
served  three  years  in  the  German  army,  and  in 
1844,  emigrated  to  the  United  States.  Enlisted 
at  ^Milwaukee,  Wis.,  in  September.  1845.  Mr. 
Haeg  enjoys  the  distinction  of  being  a  veteran  of 
the  Mexican  war,  serving  under  General  Scott 
during  the  continuance  of  the  war.  In  1848  he 
was  stationed  at  Fort  Snelling,  and.  after  a  stay 
of  six  months  was  removed  to  Fort  Uidgely.  In 
ISol  he  received  his  discharge,  and  in  Septendjer 
of  that  year  made  a  claim  about  five  miles  north 
of  St.  Anthony,  living  there  until  18.53,  when  he 
came  to  Richliehl.  In  18(3.3  he  purchased  the 
farm  on  which  he  has  since  resided.  Was  mar- 
ried in  18-50,  to  Mary  Walter,  who  died  in  ISiifi, 
leaving  live  children.  Married  for  his  second 
wife  Albertina  L.  Adleman,  by  whom  he  has 
seven  children  all  living. 

Andrew  N.  Hall  was  horn  in  Maine  Xovember 
1st,  1835.  Remained  with  his  parents  until  1855 
W'hen  he  come  west  and  located  at  Minneapolis, 
residing  there  until  I8(i2,  when  he  returned  to 
Maine  and  enlisted  in  Company  B,  of  the  2.sth 
regiment  Maine  Infantry,  serving  one  year.  In 
•  1866  he  returned  to  Minneapolis,  and  purcliased 
a  farm  of  72  acres  in  the  town  of  Richfield.  Re- 
sided in  the  city  until  1872,  since  which  time  he 
has  lived  on  his  farm.  Was  married  in  1875.  to 
Eliza  (."aley.  Their  children  are  Albion  and  Wi\- 
liam. 

James  Hawkes  (deceased)  was  Imrn  in  York- 
shire, England,  May  6tli,  1820.  In  l,s44  he  came 
to  America.  In  1854  he  came  to  Minnesota  and 
pre-empted  a  farm  of  120  acres  in  Richfield,  where 
he  resided  tmtil  his  death.  Mr.  Hawkes  formed 
one  of  the  Comi)any  who  in  "62  marched  to  the  re- 
lief of  Fort  Ridgely  under  ('apt.  Xorthup.  In  1863 
he  enlisted  in  the  First  ^Minnesota  Infantry,  and 
served  in  the  First  Battalion  until  discharged  in 
1865.  He  was  with  his  company  in  several  of 
most  severe  engagements  of  the  war.  and  was 
wounded  June  1864,  for  whicli  lie  received  a  pen- 
sion. He  was  married  in  1839  to  Mary  Ann 
Holdsworths.  The  family  record  is  Harriet, 
Henry  Thomas,  David  H.,  John  W.,  EuunaJ. 
Alfred,  Charles  Lincoln.  Five  children  have 
died.  Mr.  Hawkes  came  to  his  death  in  ]Minne- 
apolis  Sept.  29tb,  1880,  by  a  fall  from  his  wagon. 


He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Richfield,  and  was 
respected  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Jesse  Haywood  is  a  native  of  England,  born 
May  10th.  1840.  Remained  in  England,  engaged 
in  the  Manufacture  of  woolen  Goods  until  1872, 
when  he  came  to  America,  landed  at  Quebec, 
thence  by  lake  to  Duluth,  going  from  there  to 
Clay  comity,  Minnesota,  where  he  purchased  a 
half  section  of  land.  In  1874  he  came  to  Henne- 
pin county,  and  has  since  been  engaged  as  florist 
with  Mr.  Booth,  at  Minnehaha. 

Franz  J.  Ileiss  was  born  in  Germany,  October 
19th,  1835,  and  there  learned  the  trade  of  carpen- 
ter. Emigrated  to  this  country  in  1855,  and  to 
Minnesota  in  1859,  locating  on  a  farm  in  Brown 
county.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Sixth  Minne- 
sota, and  served  initil  the  discharge  of  the  regi- 
ment, in  1865.  He  purchased  eighty  acres  of 
land  in  Richfield,  in  1875,  and  lias  since  resided 
there,  in  the  pursuit  of  farming.  In  1871  he  was 
married  to  Salomey  Souder,  a  native  of  Germany. 
Their  children  are  Frank  D.,  Amelia,  Charlie, 
Katie,  and  Willheim.    Frank  D.  died  in  1875. 

Cliarles  Iloag,  one  of  Riclifield's  representative 
men.  and  a  pioneer  of  Hennepin  county,  was  born 
June  29,  1808,  in  New  Hampshire.  After  re- 
ceiving such  education  as  the  common  scliools  of 
his  native  town  afforded,  he  attended  the  Wolf- 
t  boro  Academy  and  Friends"  Boarding  School,  at 
Providence,  R.  I.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  be- 
gan teaching,  and  followed  that  profession  for 
twenty-seven  years,  thirteen  of  \\liicli  he  was  en- 
gaged  as  Principal  of  a  Grammar  School  in  Phil- 
adelphia. Li  1852  he  came  to  Minnesota  ;  taught 
school  in  St.  Anthony  two  terms.  In  May.  1852, 
he  made  a  claim  of  160  acres  of  land,  in  what  is 
now  the  city  of  Minneapolis  :  was  a  member  of 
the  first  town  council,  and  to  him  is  due  the 
honor  of  giving  to  the  city  its  beautiful  and  ap- 
propriate name,  Minneapolis.  He  was  the  second 
'  treasurer  of  Hennepin  ('ounty,  and  has  held  many 
positions  of  public  trust.  Is  an  ardent  Odd  Fel- 
low, and  served  one  term  as  Grand  .Master  of  the 
Minnesota  Grand  Lodge.  He  claims  to  be  the 
oldest  Odd  Fellow  in  the  state.  Has  also  occu- 
pied the  position  of  President  of  the  Agricultural 
and  Horticultural  Societies.  In  1857  he  pur- 
chased the  farm  he  now  occupies,  which  is  known 
as  the  "  Diamond  Lake  Farm,"  and  removed  to 
it  in  1865.     Mr.  Iloag  was  County  Superintend- 


220 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


entof  Schools  from  ISTO  to  1874.  Has  one  daugh- 
ter by  liis  tirst  wife,  married  to  Charles  II.  Clark, 
who  is  in  the  revenue  service.  Mr.  Iloair's  first 
wife  died  in  1871.  and  in  Marcli.  Is7:-i.  he  was 
married  to  Susan  F.  Jewell,  of    Solon.   Maine. 

Lama  Holuian  was  born  in  tlie  State  of  \ev- 
niont  in  1817.  In  1 8.5.5  she  eauie  to  Minnesota. 
In  1848  she  was  married  to  >'.  Butterfield  who 
was  drowned  in  Lake  Minnetonka  in  18.59.  She 
settled  will]  her  liiisliand  in  Minnetonka  in  18.5o 
and  remained  tliere  until  18H1  wlieii  slie  removed 
to  the  farm  in  Kichlield  where  slie  has  since  re- 
sided. In  I8(i(i.  was  married  til  L.  Ilolnian.  He 
was  killed  in  I'^71.  \n-u\ii  run  over  by  a  heavy 
load  of  wood.  Mrs.  Ilcihnan  has  one  son  by  her 
lirst  liiisliand.  I' rank  .1.  Unttertield. 

Orrin  lliibbard  was  born  in  tlie  Slate  of  New 
Voik.  April  otli.  I88.5.  Ill  18.54.  moved  to  Janes- 
ville.  Wisconsin,  wliere  lie  remained  for  eleven 
years,  eight  of  which  lie  jiassed  in  the  emiilny  of 
tlie  American  Exiuess  Company  Lnlisted  in 
1802  in  Ihe  12th  Wisconsin  Battery  and  served 
until  liis  dischargein  18i).5:  parliciiiatingin  many 
lit  tlie  hardest  fought  battles  of  tlie  Rebellion. 
In  1865  he  accepted  a  iiosition  as  conductor  for 
the  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.  Cn..  and  has  since  been  en- 
gaged in  tliat  vocation.  In  ls77  be  bouglit  a 
farm  in  the  town  of  Hichtield  and  lias  imiiroved 
it  until  it  is  now  (Hie  of  the  linesl  farms  in  this 
part  of  tlieconnU.  He  was  married  in  .laniiarv . 
18t)t).  Ill  Harriet  K.  Heauiinint.  They  have  had 
four  cliililren.  Mar\  C.  Nellie  H..  Sarah  H..  de- 
cea.sed.  Hattie.  died  Kebruary.  Is77.  lie  resides 
in  Minneai>i)lis  at  illK  Sixth  Avenue  South. 

K.  F.  Irwin  is  a  native  of  New  York,  born  in 
Krie  comity  Fetiruary  2il.  184(i.  In  18.5.5  he  came 
with  his  parents  to  Minnesota,  .settling  in  the 
town  of  Hiclilield.  Wasocciiiiied  in  various  pur- 
suits mitil  lsti2  when  he  joined  llie  i-iimp;iiiy 
ciimmaniled  bv  Caplain  Northiip  fur  llie  relief 
nf  l'"nit  Hjilgely.  In  I8ii.5  In-  bmiL'lil  tlir  liiriii  lie 
has  since  i)ci-u)pieil.  and  has  imiiroved  it  until  il 
ranks  aninng  the  finesl  farms  of  the  town.  AVas 
married  ((ctnliii  1st.  18<>7.  at  luwa  City.  Iowa, 
to  -Maiilia  ■}.  limllaiiil.  Tliex  Iimm'  mii-  smi.  .Inbn 
ISiirlland.  born  Februai\   luili.  Is7l. 

Leiipiilil  Kiesel  was  born  in  Haden.  (iermany. 
December  12th.  lv_'.5.  He  came  In  the  rniled 
States  in  18.5:;.  .■md  tn  .Minnesuta  in  ls.5i;.  Ivnter- 
ed  a  claim   near  Cliaska.  and  alter  li\ing  tliere 


three  years  removed  to  Bloomington.  In  1864 
he  bought  a  part  of  the  farm  he  now  occupies  in 
Hichlield.  Now  owns  220  acres,  1-50  acres  being 
cultivated.  Was  married  in  18.56  to  Madeline 
Leppet.  wlio  has  borne  him   live  children. 

Edward  K.  King  was  burn  at  I'eabody.  Mass.. 
.Vugiist.  1st.  \s:w.  Came  in  Minnesota  in  18.57 
and  piirclKised  the  farm  be  imw  occupies.  At 
the  time  he  came  to  Hichlield  there  was  but  little 
improvemenl  and  few  settlers.  lie  has  since  built 
a  siibslanlial  barn  ami  line  ilwelling  house  at  a 
cost  of  .'s.5.lMi().  ^tarried  in  Nov.  186.1..  Annie  N. 
Couillard.  who  died  August  17tli.  1877.  His 
second  wife  was  Miss  Katie  H.  Wniiilinan  who 
was  boi'u  December  22d.  18.57. 

.lohii  Kyte  is  the  nwnerof  Ubiacres  uf  land.  7.5 
acres  under  cultivation.  He  was  born  in  Ireland 
in  1817  and  came  In  this  country  in  1845.  After 
resiiling  in  varinus  |ihiccs  in  the  Eastern  Stales, 
he  came  to  Minneaimlis  in  ls.5.5.  Pre-empted  a 
(piarter  section  of  land,  bniight  as  much  more, 
and  has  sini-e  been  engaged  in  farming.  Has 
live  children,  all  of  wlimn  are  married. 

Michael  Malone>  was  born  in  the  Cnunly  of 
(ialway.  Ireland.  Nci\iniber  2()th.  1845:  came  to 
New  York  in  1852.  ami  two  years  later  removed 
to  Wisconsin,  wliere  hr  icsiiled  fur  litteeii  years. 
.Viigiist.  1862.  enlisleil  in  a  Wisconsin  regiment, 
and  served  three  years  under  (Jenerals  Sherman 
anil  .Mi-Pherson.  He  was  iliseluirged  .Vugnst. 
1865.  and  four  \ears  later  lemiived  to  .Minnesota, 
and  has  since  resided  in  IJiclitield.  where  he  owns 
160  acres  lit  land,  lb'  was  married  Nnvember. 
1877.  to  Alberlina  Kricksnn.  'I'liex  lia\e  niie 
daughter,  born  December  ;<1st.  Is7s. 

.\Irii  iniaii  MiM'alie  was  Imiii  in  tlie  stale  of 
New  York.  December  12lli.  I8l:i;  i-anie  with  his 
jiarents  to  Minnesota  in  18.58.  and  lias  since  resided 
in  the  town  of  Uichlield.  In  1862  he  was  with 
Captain  Xnrtliupnn  the  Pint  HidgelveNpeditinn. 
•  Inlin  MrCabr.  his  lallirr.  was  linrii  In  Irelaml  in 
1808  ;  i-ame  In  ,\merira.  and  resided  in  the  state 
of  New  York  until  l85:i.  when  he  came  west 
and  |iri'-rm|ileil  a  tarni  in  liii-liiield.  wlirre  lie  re- 
mained until  lii^  ili'iilli.  wliicli  iii-i-iiiieil  in  .May. 
Is7s ;  be  was  iiiai  neil  In  Harriet  Toles.  w  Im  Imrc 
him  six  children.  Mercy.  .Men  iiiiaii.  ICmilv.  .\bii\. 
.\nielia  and  Elimiia. 

(ieorge  Millani  was  lini  II  m  >rn|ianil  .\ugust. 
isl'i.      Ili'ianii-  In   this  innntrv    in  185:i  and  ten 


BICHFIELD— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


221 


years  later  to  Hennepin  county.  He  has,  since 
coming  to  Kiclifleld  been  engaged  as  miller  in 
the  Eduia  ]Mills.  In  1872  was  married  to  Miss 
Margaret  Jihb.  a  native  of  Scotland.  Following 
is  the  family  record:  Charles  A.,  born  August, 
1873;  Lily  F.,  born  April,  1875,  died  at  the  age 
of  three  years;  Annaliella.  born  May.  1877:  and 
Rosella,  born  April.  1879. 

Howard  C.  Odell  was  liorn  at  Monticello,  Indi- 
ana, October  17th,  18-53.  and  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  Minnesota  in  the  fall  of  1856  and  located 
in  tlie  town  <if  Kichfield.  He  is  the  son  of  George 
Odell  who  has  a  farm  on  section  27.  Howard  is 
employed  during  the  winter  in  Jilinneapolis  and 
in  the  summer  season  turns  his  attention  to 
farming.  Was  married  October  llth.  1880.  to 
Miss  Fannie  Stanchfield.  of  Tama  City,  Iowa. 

Thomas  Peters  was  l)orn  in  England.  Octoljer 
7tli,  1848.  His  father  being  a  shoemaker.  Thomas 
engaged  in  the  same  business  while  in  England. 
In  1873  he  emigrated  to  this  coiuitry.  coming  di- 
rectly to  St.  Paul.  Engaged  in  farming  in  Ram- 
sey and  Dakota  counties  vmtil  1876,  when  he 
came  to  Minnehaha,  and  was  employed  at  the 
hotel  two  years ;  thence  to  Hudson,  Wisconsin, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  a  hotel  for  one  year : 
then  returned  to  ilumehalia,  and  has  since  been 
employed  at  the  hotel.  In  Oct..  1871,  was  married 
to  Kate  Weaver.  Tlieir  residence  is  near  tlie  junc- 
tion of  ^linnelialia  Creek  witli  tlie  Mississipjn. 

D.  N.  Place  was  liorn  in  New  York  city.  Jan- 
uary 18th,  1844.  At  tlie  age  of  fourteen  lie  sliip- 
ped  as  seaman,  and  followed  tliat  vocation  for 
eighteen  years  ;  came  to  Minnesota  in  1869,  and 
for  three  years  was  engaged  in  the  real  estate 
business ;  then  returned  to  the  pursuit  of  sailing, 
and  served  as  mate  on  a  voyage  to  Japan  ;  then 
served  four  years  as  Purser  and  one  year  as  Cap- 
tain of  the  schooner  Leader,  trading  on  the  Pacific 
coast ;  was  married  April  lo,  1874.  to  Frances  M. 
Benjamin.  They  liave  liad  two  children,  one 
now  living,  Charles  E.  L. 

Patrick  A.  Ryan,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  horn 
in  1831,  and  came  to  this  country  in  1S47.  Re- 
sided in  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio  until  1854  when 
he  came  to  ilinnesota,  first  settling  on  a  home- 
stead in  the  town  of  Hassan,  Hennepin  county. 
In  1868  he  sold  his  farm  and  removed  to  Saint 
Anthony  where  lie  resided  until  1874  when  he 
purchased  the  fann  he  has  since  occupied  in  the 


town  of  Richfield,    ilarried  Julia  Quinn  in  1867. 

Edward  A.  Scales  was  born  in  Townsend, 
Massachusetts,  April  13tli,  1853,  and  remained  in 
his  native  town  engaged  in  coopering  until  1874 
when  lie  came  to  Minnesota  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing at  2klinnehaha.  In  1876  he  purchased  five 
acres  of  land  and  has  since  given  his  attention  to 
market  gardening. 

Gilbert  Sly  was  born  in  the  State  of  Xew  York 
November  4th,  1798,  and  remained  in  his  native 
state  engaged  in  farming  until  1866  when  he 
came  west  and  purchased  of  James  Davis  the 
farm  he  now  occupies  in  the  town  of  Kichfield. 
Was  married  in  1822.  to  Sarah  Crane  a  native  of 
Massacliusetts.  Tliey  have  liad  twelve  children, 
five  of  whom  are  now  living.  Mary  E..  Fidelia. 
Elisha,  Paulina  and  W.  H. 

J.  L.  Smiht  was  Iwrn  in  Holstein.  Denmark, 
July  28th,  1850.  In  1873  he  emigrated  to  this 
country  and  came  directly  to  Minnesota,  locating 
on  section  14,  Richfield,  wliere  he  has  since  been 
engaged  in  farming. 

Freeman  B.  Smith  was  born  in  Vermont,  July 
loth,  1822.  He  removed  to  Champlain,  ]^.  Y'., 
where  lie  resided  until  1852.  For  four  years  he 
held  the  office  of  postmaster.  In  18-52  he  went 
to  California  and  was  engaged  in  gold  mining 
for  one  year.  From  1860  till  1867,  he  was  in  the 
revenue  service  at  Virginia  City,  Nevada.  In 
April,  1878,  he  came  to  Minnesota  and  has  smce 
been  engaged  in  conducting  tlie  farm  of  his 
l)iother-in-law,  Orrui  Hubbard,  in  the  town  of 
Richfield.  In  1846  married  to  Sarali  E.  Beau- 
mont. She  was  born  in  New  Y'ork,  Sept.  24. 1824, 

James  Stansfield  was  born  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  September  3d,  1828,  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
he  went  to  sea  and  followed  that  occupation  until 
1849,  when  he  passed  one  year  as  steward  on  the 
Hudson  River  steamboats.  In  1850  went  to  Cal- 
ifornia, and  remained  five  years.  Came  to  St. 
Anthony  in  1855  and  engaged  in  furnisliing 
supplies  to  steamboats  until  1862,  when  he  en- 
gaged in  tlie  restaurant  liusiness,  which  he  con- 
tinued in  Minneapolis  until  18-59,  when  he 
engaged  in  real  estate  Imsiness,  and  has  followed 
the  same  extensively.  In  1872  he  purchased  the 
farm  in  Richfield  whicli  he  has  since  occupied. 
In  1856  he  married  Susan  Wagner.  They  have 
,  three  cliildren  living:  Frank  II.,  Charles  L.,  and 
'  Ella  B. 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


BLOo.MiNcrrox 


CIIAI'TKH  X.\.\\ll. 

OEXEKAL  DEStlUl-noX— FIRST  SETTLEMENT— 
CIVIL  niSTOKY-CIHRClIES— SCHOOLS— MILLS. 
SlIOI'S.  ETC.-  IIIK  KIHST  SETTLERS— HIO- 
liRAI'ICAL. 

The  town  of  I51()iiiiiiiij,'loii  iiccii|iii's  llie  soulli- 
easteni  pint  oi  the  count.v.  lyiiif;  <iii  the  Minne- 
sota Kiver,  wliicli  forms  its  entire  eastern  and 
southern  lM)undary.     A  strip  of  meadow,  varying 
from  twenty  rods  to  a  mile  in  width,  skirts  the 
river  the  wliole  lengtli  of  the  town.    The  hhifls 
are,  therefore.  Ijaek  from  the  river.  Imt  here  and 
there  stretch  ont  l)are.  sandy  i)()ints  to  tlie  meadow 
below.      Heautiful  rolling  prairies  extend   l)a(k 
from  the  bluffs  over  tlie  whole  towiishii).     The 
l)hi(Ts  are  not  usually  bare,  but  are  covered  with 
turf  and  timber,  while  the  bottom  lands,  at  the 
foot,  have  in  some  pai-ts  large  areas  of  water. 
The  Siiiid  belt  jtasses  through  the  middle  of  the 
town,  e.\liibiting  its  usual   characteristics,  viz.. 
less  productive  soil,  and   timber  of  smaller  or 
lighter  growth.    Heavier  timber  is  found  in  the 
northwest.     Nine  Mile  Creek  has  high,  sandy 
bluffs  covered  witli  ))rush  or  timber.    The  small 
lakes  on  the  prairie  east  of  Nine  Mile  Creek  are  I 
now  very  shallow,  without  outlet,  and  ai)pear  to 
diminish   year    by    year.      They   will   doubtless 
wholly  disapi)ear.     Lakes  liyland  and  Hush  l)et- 
ter  de.serve  to  be  cla.ssed  among  the  beautiful 
lakes  of  the  town.     The  oidy  stream  of  any  size 
within  the  limits  of  the  town  i-'  Nine  Mile  Creek, 
which  enters  the  town  near  the  northwest  corner,  ! 
takes  a  southeasterly  direction,  and  (lows  into  the  | 
Minnesota  Hiver. 

KIRST    SETTI.ICMENT.  I 

I'etcr  (^uinn  was  the  lirst  while  man  to  settle  ' 
and  cultivate  the  soil  of  this  town.     He  was  ap-  [ 
pointed    Indian    farmer,   in  accordance  with  a 
treaty  with  tin-   Indians,  and  began  his  work,  in   I 


ISlo.  on  land  nov,  owned  :uid  occujiied  by  .James 
Davis,  on  section  II.  lie  remained  here  until 
]Ko4.  Kev.  (Jiilcon  H.  I^mkI.  the  missionary 
among  the  Dakotas.  moved  here  in  1,S48.  and  he 
and  his  Indian  bands  i.itchcd  their  tents  on  the 
banks  of  the  Minnesota  Hiver.  where  Mrs.  I'ond 
now  lives,  lie  lived  here  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  in  1878.  Martin  McLeod  settled  herein 
184il,  where  his  son.  Walter  S.  McLeod.  now  re- 
sides, at  the  mouth  of  Nine  Mile  Creek.  .loseHi 
Dean  came  next.  He  arrived  in  the  winter  of 
isol  1'.  He  had  obtained  a  charter  for  a  ferry 
wliiili  he  proceeded  to  establish  in  comi)any  with 
■\Villiani  Chambers.  He  built  the  loi:  house  whii'h 
still  stands  near  the  ferry. 

\\  illiani  Chambers  also  came  in  1851-2  ;  made 
a  claim,  now  the  farm  of  William  Chadwick.  and 
joined  Mr.  Dean  in  the  ferry  entiMjirise.  He  died 
here  in  18(js. 

In  lHo2.  the  following  party  came  from  Tllinois 
and  made  claims  near  the  river,  on  the  western 
prairie.  S.  .\.  (Joodrich.  .\.  L.  (Goodrich.  Orville 
Ames,  Henry  and  Martin  S.Whalon,and  Edwin 
AmesSr.  Not  one  of  those  men  is  now  living 
in  Hloomington. 

We  are  indeliled  |o  .Mrs.  Kehecca  (loodrich  for 
the  loll,, wing  inforuiation  in  rcgai<i  to  these 
worthy  iiionecrs:  S.  A.  (ioodricli  died  in  Hlooni- 
ington.  in  IMI.",.  .\.  L.  (ioo.irieh  sold  his  farm 
in  ISTil,  and  now  resides  in  Mimieapolis.  ()r\ille 
Ames  and  M.  Whalon  died  in  the  service  of  their 
country,  the  former  in  hospital  and  the  latter,  it 
is  sni.posed.  iij  ichel  prison.  Henry  Wlialoii 
moved  to  rrincelon.  .Miniiesoln.  soon  al'ler  his 
settlement.  Imt  relMincd  a  feu  \ears  later  and 
died  at  Fort  Snclliug.  Kdwin  .\mes  died  on  his 
claim  soon  after  his  arrival,  and  his  widow  per- 
fected the  title,  finite  a  number  settled  on  the 
prairie  east  of  the  creek  in  Iso.i.  Kioui  this  time 
on  the  town  was  rapidly  settled. 

The  following  statistics  will  show    llic  popida- 


BLOOMINOTON— CIVIL  HI8T0BY. 


223 


tion  of  the  town  and  the  rapidity  with  wliieli  it 
has  advanced  in  wealth. 

Tlie  population,  by  census  of  1880,  was  820. 
The  town  has  23,20.5  acres  of  land  ;  the  assessed 
valuation  of  the  same  for  the  year  1869,  was  $103,- 
693;  for  the  year  1875,  $298,163;  and  for  the 
year  1880,  S460.o38.  The  assessed  valuation  of 
personal  property  for  the  year  186it  was  841.068; 
1875,847,775;  1880,  $52,320.  The  total  amount 
of  taxes  raised  in  1869  was  S3,574  ;  in  1875,  $4,- 
245;  in  1880,  $3,718.  Number  of  horses  over 
two  years  old,  in  1869,  287  ;  in  1875,  353 ;  in  1880, 
403.  Cattle  over  two  years  old,  in  1869,  581 ;  in 
1875,  752  ;  in  1880,  592.  Sheep  in  1869,  309  ;  in 
1875,300;  in  1880.363.  Ilogs  in  1869.150;  in 
1875,  159;  in  1880.  401.  Bushels  of  wheat  in 
1869,  47,884;  in  1875,  48,055;  in  1880.  acreage 
5,109. 

CIVIL   HISTORY. 

The  hist  town  meeting  was  held  at  the  house 
of  11.  B.  Gibson,  on  section  19,  May  lltli.  1858, 
at  which  E.  B.  Stanley  was  Secretary  and  Elijah 
Rich,  Clerk.  Whole  nuinl)er  of  votes  cast  was 
twenty-five,  and  the  following  officers  were  elect- 
ed: Supervisors,  Martin  McLeod.  A.  P.  Thomp- 
son, H.  B.  Gibson.  The  latter  refused  loijualify. 
and  Allen  G.  Goodrich  was  appointed.  Town 
Clerk,  Elijah  Rich;  Assessor,  Elisha  Smith:  Col- 
lector and  Coustalile,  Orville  Ames;  Overseer  of 
the  Poor,  Joseph  Kunison;  Justices  of  the  Peace, 
George  Cook,  E.  B.  Stanley;  Road  Overseers, 
Iilartin  S.  Wlialon.  Thomas  T.  Bazley.  AVm. 
Cliadwick.  'N'oted  SlOO  for  town  expenses  for 
the  current  year.  Resolutions  were  passed  regu- 
lating, the  licensing  of  dogs,  hogs  running  at 
large,  height  and  strength  of  fences,  &c.  The 
first  Supervisors"  meeting  was  held  at  the  house 
of  Elijah  Rich,  May  23d,  1858.  Chairman  absent, 
and  adjourned  to  the  28th  when  the  full  board 
met  and  transacted  its  first  regular  business. 

April,  1859.  Town  meeting  at  the  house  of  R. 
B.  Gibson,  34  votes  cast.  Voted  $150  for  town 
expenses.  Supervisors:  Martin  McLend.  \.  P. 
Thompson,  I).  McCullum. 

April  3d,  1860.  Town  meeting  at  R.  B.  Gib- 
son's. Mrs.  Gibson  objecting  to  the  racket, 
adjourned  to  the  school  house.  Thirty-nine  votes 
cast.  Levied  $50  for  town  expenses  and  .$75  to 
build  a  bridge  across  the  slough  near  Bradbury's, 
and  the  Supervisors  authorized  to  purchase  a 


road-scraper.  Supervisors:  Samuel  Goodrich, 
A.  P.  Thompson,  W.  M.  Chadwick.  At  the  gen- 
eral election,  Xovemlier  6th.  94  votes  registered, 
only  68  cast. 

April  2d,  1861.  Auuual  meeting  at  school 
house  No.  13.  Thirty-two  votes  cast.  $100 
voted  for  town  expenses,  '^''oted  to  build  a 
pound  and  to  let  horses,  cattle,  etc.,  run  at  large 
during  the  summer  months.  Supervisors:  Sam- 
uel Goodrich,  W.  M.  Chadwick,  John  Miller. 

April  1,  1862,  annual  meeting  at  school  house 
No.  13,  levied  $100  for  town  expenses.  Super- 
visors. John  Miller.  W.  M.  Chadwick,  I).  McCul- 
lum. 

April  7.  1863,  voted  $50  for  a  Pound,  and  850 
for  town  expenses.  Voted  to  change  the  height 
of  fences  from  four  feet  six  inches  to  four  feet 
three  inches.  Supervisors  John  Miller.  \V.  M. 
Chadwick,  James  Dean. 

April  5,  1864,  voted  8100  for  town  expenses, 
^'oted  to  pay  a  reasonable  sum  for  the  use  of  the 
school  house  in  District  13,  for  election  purposes. 
Voted  to  change  the  day  for  annual  meetings, 
from  the  first  Tuesday  in  April  to  the  second 
Tuesday  in  March  ;  which  could  not  be  done  till 
the  passage  of  a  legislative  act  in  later  years. 

Special  meeting,  June  5.  1864,  voted  to  ot)taiu 
a  plat,  and  record  a  piece  of  ground  for  a  ceme- 
tery, to  be  the  property  of  the  town  ;  also  to  raise 
money  to  pay  the  wife  of  each  soldier  who  had 
nob  received  a  local  bciunty.  82.00,  and  each  child 
of  the  same  81.50  per  month,  from  July  1st.  and 
continuing  during  term  of  service. 

Special  meeting,  August  1 ,  1864.  A  resolution 
was  lost  by  23  to  9,  providing  for  the  raising  of 
money  by  town  bonds  to  pay  soldiers'  bounties  to 
fill  the  Bloomington  quota  under  the  President's 
call  for  500,000  men.  Owing  to  the  action  of  the 
electore,  the  town  officers  were  powerless  to  act. 
and  a  number  of  citizens,  among  whom  were 
Wm.  Chadwick,  John  Layman  and  T.  Peteler. 
gave  their  individual  notes  to  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Minneapolis,  as  .security  for  money  ad- 
vanced to  ]iay  the  bounties  of  soldiers  to  fill  the 
quota. 

Special  meeting,  .January  3,  1865,  at  the  house 
of  A.  G.  Gillet,  voted  to  issue  town  bonds  to  pay 
bounties  to  soldiers  to  fill  the  quota  under  the 
President's  call  for  300,000  men,  the  tax  for  the 
payment  not  to  be  levied  on  the  property  of  those 


J24 


HJSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


who  were  or  had  been  in  the  service  without  re- 
ceiving local  bounty. 

Animal  nieetiuf;.  April  4.  at  the  school  house, 
voted  Slol)  for  town  cxiu'nses.  ^'oted  U>  pnicure 
abler  and  pall  for  the  use  of  tlic  lnwo.  and  raise 
the  per  dicni  of  some  of  the  town  orticers.  Su- 
pervisors Sain'l.  (ioodricli.  Wni.  Kell.  James  E. 
Sniilli. 

April  8.  "liii.  levied  one  mill  i)er  dollar  for  town 
expenses,  and  voted  that  tlie  cemetery  be  legal- 
ized by  liling  the  plat,  recrording.  &c.  Supervisors: 
Wm.  riiadwick,  Joseph  Harrison,  Abram  Palmer. 

.\.I)ril  2.  1867,  levied  one  mill  per  dollar  for 
town  expenses,  seventeen  mills  for  the  payment 
of  interest  on  the  bounty  bonds,  one-half  mill  to 
improve  the  town  cemetery  and  iiroviding  tliat  it 
be  free  for  tlie  inhabitants  of  the  town  and  ^o 
per  lot  for  non-residents.  Supervisors:  Samuel 
Goodrich,  John  Layman.  Wm.  Kell. 

April  7,  1808,  levied  one  mill  pi-r  dollar  for 
town  expenses.  Supervis(n's:  Win.  Kell,  E. 
I'arker.  AVm.  Chadwick. 

March  30,  1869.  Supervisors"  meeting.  The 
Treasurers'  report  showed  llial  the  amount  of 
money  realized  from  the  sale  of  bounty  bonds 
amounted  to  sl.mu.iiii.  and  tliat  bonds  had  been 
canceled  wliich.  including  interest,  amonnled  to 
SI. 394. 17.  .Vnd,  as  the  seventeen-mills  tax 
amounted  to  cmisiderable,  there  was  still  some 
bounty  money  in  the  treasury.  An  attempt  was 
made  in  1870  to  use  this  surplus  money  to  build  a 
town  liouse ;  this  was  found  to  be  illegal,  and  the 
money  was  distributed  among  the  soldiers  of  the 
town  who  had  not  received  a  full  bounty.  The 
date  of  tlie  annual  meeting  for  1869  does  not  ap- 
pear, but  it  was  held  at  "  ('ate"s  School  House."" 
Levied  one  mill  jier  dollar  for  town  expenses. 
The  biiililiiiLC  ol'  a  town  li:ill  was  agitated.  Su- 
pervisors: \\'mi.  Kell.  i:.  .\.  I'inkei'.  Will.  Cliad- 
wick. 

A  special  meeting  was  held  during  tlie  smiiiner 
for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  a  lot  for  the  town 
hall  and  to  entertain  X.  ('<.  Noithniii's  jnoposi- 
tion.  to  donate  land  for  a  town  house. 

A))ril  ■),  1870.  Meeting  held  at  ('ale's  School 
House.  Voted  to  use  the  surplus  bounty  money 
for  llie  imrpose  of  building  a  town  hall,  but  as 
the  bounty  money  could  not  be  used  legally  ex- 
cejit  for  the  payment  ofbounties,  the  matter  was 
dropped.      A'oted    a  tax  of  one  mill   pei  ilollai  for 


town  expenses.    Sujiervisors  elected  were  Henry 
Harmon.  John  M.  Cummings,  A.  P.  Thompson. 

An  election  was  held  May  31st  of  this  year  to 
decide  for  or  against  the  payment  of  state  R.  R. 
bonds  by  the  sale  of  internal  improvement  lands. 
aiuK.')  votes  were  east,  all  in  favor  of  such  nietliod 
of  payment. 

March  It.  ISTI.  meeting  held  at  district  school- 
house  No.  i:!.  \'ote(l  S7')  to  build  a  pound,  and 
one  mill  ]ier  dollar  for  town  expenses.  Super- 
visors, lleiiiy  Ilariiioii.  .V.  1'.  Thompson.  J.  I). 
Scoheld.      • 

Mareli  IL'.  ISTJ.  meeting  lield  at  school-house 
Xo.  13.  Levied  one  mill  iier  dollar  for  town  ex- 
])enses.  Supervisors — Ileiirx  Ilarinon,  J.  1).  Sco- 
tield.    .Villain  I'almer. 

March  11,  1873,  town  meeting  held  at  Cates" 
school-house.  Forty-eight  xotes  cast.  Supervis- 
ors— Henry  Harmon.  Abram  Palmer.  Philliii 
Hyiies.  ^'oted  a  tax  of  one-half  mill  iier  dollar 
for  town  expenses. 

March  10. 1.S74,  meeting  at  school-house  district 
Xo.  13.  Levied  two  mills  per  dollar  for  town  ex- 
penses. Supervisors — Henry  Harmon.  .Vbraiii 
Palmer.  J.  D.  Scoheld. 

ilarch  0,  I,S7.3,  town  meeting  held  at  Oak  (irove 
Hall.  SI.")!!  voted  for  town  expenses.  Supervis- 
ors—Henry Harmon.  .1.  1).  Scodeld.  .Vbram 
Palmer. 

March  11.  lS7i>.  meeting  at  Oak  (irove  Hall. 
;^l.jo  was  voted  for  town  expen.ses.  Supervisors- 
Henry  Harmon.  Abram  Palmer.  H.  D.  Cnnning- 
liani. 

.March  J3,  ISTT,  le\  led  SL'oii  for  tow  ii  expenses. 
Supervisors — llenr\  lliiriiiini.  .Mnam  rainier.  11. 
T).  ('niiningham. 

.March  Hi.  1878.  mcetiiig  held  al  Oak  (irove 
Hall.  \'oled  siioi)  for  town  expenses.  107  xntcs 
cast.  Siiiiervisors  Henry  Harmon.  WalliT  S. 
.Mclvcod.  II.  ]).  ('iiniiingham. 

.March  II.  Is7'.i.  meeting  at  Oak  (irove  Hall. 
.•^liOO  Mitcd  for  town  expenses,  lo.")  votes  cast. 
Supervisors — lliinv  llaiiiion.  W.  S.  .Mcl.eod.  J. 
Mahoiiey. 

March  9,  isso,  meeting  held  at  ( )ak  ( ;  rove  Hall. 
Xinety-nine  votes  cast.  Changeil  the  ceiuelery 
name  from  ■' Presbyterian  ""  to  ••  liloominglon." 
\'oled  S^")  for  a  iioiiml.  and  i>'2Ui)  for  town  ex- 
penses; also  sjiecial  tax  to  iiiipio\e  tlic  cemetery. 
Supervisors     Walters.  .Mcl.eoil.  Saiiiiie!  M<'(."lay. 


BLOOMINQTON—CHUBCHES,  SCHOOLS,  EJC. 


225 


Wm.  Chadwick.  The  subject  of  buildiuff  a  town 
house  and  pound  has  from  time  to  time  been 
agitated,  but  neither  of  tliem  has  been  built. 

CHURCHES. 

The  Bloomington  Presbyterian  Church  is  at 
present  the  only  organization  in  existence  in  the 
town.  Rev.  Mr.  Pond  took  measures  for  its  es- 
tablishment immediately  after  the  removal  of  the 
Indians  and  the  consequent  termination  of  his 
missionary  work.  In  1855,  the  organization  was 
completed  with  thirteen  members,  and  services 
were  held  in  the  new  cliurch.  The  church  was  first 
located  at  the  Bloomington  Cemetery,  on  section 
21,  but  in  the  spring  of  1864,  it  was  removed  to 
its  present  location  near  the  post  otlice,  and  en- 
larged. Three  members  of  the  original  thirteen 
still  survive,  Mrs.  G.II.  Pond,  Mary  F.  Pond  and 
Mrs.  Chadwick.  ]Mr.  Pond  continued  the  charge 
until  1873,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill 
health,  and  was  succeeded  in  turn  by  Rev.  M. 
Howell,  Rev.  Van  Emmon,  and  the  present  in- 
cumlient.  Rev.  .J.  de  Bruyn  Kops.  Tlie  latter 
took  charge  in  1877. 

The  First  Baptist  Church  was  organized  Janu- 
ary 22d,  1S61,  with  nine  members.  The  church 
flourished  for  a  time,  but,  in  1872,  only  half  a 
dozen  remained,  and  those  voted  to  disband.  The 
pastors  during  its  continuance  were  Revs.  S.  S. 
Utter,  A.  J.  Davis,  and  Cressy. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  scliool  lield  in  the  township  was  at  the 
Dakota  mission,  by  Rev.  Mr.  Pond  and  his  assist- 
ants. Though  organized  for  the  Indians,  some 
white  children  of  early  settlers  attended.  The 
first  public  school  was  taught  in  a  private  house 
by  Miss  Harrison,  in  1855,  since  which  time  pub- 
lic schools  have  l)een  regularly  kept.  The  town 
is  divided  in  four  scliool  districts,  and  has  two 
joint  districts  with  Richfield;  the  school  house 
of  the  latter  located  in  Richfield.  That  of  Dis- 
trict No.  13,  known  as  the  Gibson  school  house, 
on  Section  20,  finished  in  18.59,  wastlie  first  school 
house  built.  That  of  district  No.  10,  long  known 
as  the  Gates  school  house,  was  first  located  on 
section  15,  but  in  1874  the  location  was  clianged 
to  section  16,  and  the  present  house  built.  That 
of  district  No.  11  is  in  section  10,  and  was  built 
in  1869.     That  of  district  Xo.  14  is  on  section  32, 

and  was  built  in  1866. 
1') 


GRANCSE    NO.    482. 

This  Grange  was  organized  ^larcb,  1874,  by 
Deputy  W.  S.  Chowen,  of  Minnetonka,  in 
the  school-house,  district  No.  10,  with  twenty 
charter  members.  The  first  master  was  J.  D. 
Layman,  and  the  first  secretary  Y.  Bailey. 
The  first  meetings  were  held  at  the  house  of 
.James  Davis  and  at  Pease's  Hall.  During  the 
first  winter  a  stock  company,  under  the  title  of 
the  '•  Oak  Grove  Hall  Association,'"  was  organ- 
ized, composed  only  of  memers  of  the  Grange, 
for  the  purpose  of  building  a  hall.  Shares  were 
issued  at  SIO  each,  the  money  was  raised,  and  the 
hall  completed  during  the  summer.  It  stands 
near  the  postoflice.  A  Library  Association  was 
formed  March  19th,  1874.  called  the  "Blooming- 
ton Grange  Library  Association,''  to  consist  only 
of  members  of  the  Grange  in  good  standing. 
Tliirty  dollars  was  invested  in  books  at  the  out- 
set, and  new  books  have  since  been  added.  The 
membership  of  the  Grange  is  now  forty-eight. 

HOTELS,  ETC. 

The  first  hotel  in  the  town  was  built  in  1854,  at 
the  crossing  of  Nine  Mile  Creek,  by  a  Mr.  Baillif , 
who  kept  it  a  number  of  years.  Next,  Albee 
Smith  Iniilt  the  hotel  and  store  at  the  ferry.  In 
1858  Mr.  Whitney  built  a  hotel  near  the  creek, 
which  was  the  stopping  place  for  the  stage  and 
passengers  for  a  long  time.  It  was  subsequently 
purchased  by  N.  G.  Northrup,  who  opened  a  store 
in  connection  with  the  hotel.  After  two  years  he 
sold  to  Mr.  Moir,  the  present  owner.  Owen  R. 
Dunbar  opened  a  store  in  1876,  where  the  Bloom- 
ington postofflce  now  is.  He  was  also  postmas- 
ter. In  1878  he  sold  to  Mr.  Cumming,  who 
keeps  a  small  general  store  and  is  postmaster. 

BLOOMINGTON  FERRY. 

The  ferry  was  established  in  1852  by  Joseph 
Dean  and  William  Chambers.  They  continued 
it  in  company  until  1855,  when  Mr.  Dean  sold  his 
interest  to  A.  C.  and  S.  A.  Goodrich.  In  1868 
Mr.  Chambers  sold  his  interest  to  James  Brown, 
who,  in  1872,  sold  to  John  Cameron.  Mr.  Cam- 
eron was  accidentally  killed  at  the  ferry  a  few 
years  later.  His  widow  and  Mrs.  Rebecca  Good- 
rich are  now  the  owners.  In  1855  Mr.  Dean  sold 
I  to  Albee  Smith  and  others,  from  St.  Paul,  his  in- 
terest in  lands  at  the  ferry,  but  not  including  the 
ferry  itself,  for  a  town  site.     The  purchasers  sur- 


22« 


HISTORY  OF  HEXAEPIS  COUyTY 


veyed,  platted  it  ami  Imilt  a  hotel.  Imt  the  tnwn 
refused  to  grow. 

-MILL.    sllnl'S.   ETC. 

•'The  Bloomiiigton  FlouriiiR  Mill"  is  located 
on  Nine  Mile  Creek,  section  21.  M.  J.  McAfee, 
the  present  owner,  built  the  dam  and  mill  in 
1876-7.  It  is  a  wooden  l)uiIdingS0x4(i  feet,  tliree 
stories  hip:!!.  It  has  three  runs  of  stone  and  one 
set  of  rollers,  and  is  operated  by  a  twenty-inch 
turbine  wheel  of  the  LelTel  i^attern.  with  thirty 
or  forty  horse  power.  It  has  a  capacity  of  twenty 
barrels  per  da\ .  The  water  power  is  good.  Nu- 
merous springs  feed  the  jxnid.  and  keep  up  the 
supply  of  water,  enabling  the  mill  to  run  steadily 
during  the  summer  months. 

Three  blacksmith  shojis  are  located  and  owned 
as  foUows  :  one  near  IJloomington  Kerry,  by  Hec- 
tor Chadwiek  :  one  on  section  twenty,  by  Joseph 
Pepin,  and  one  at  Bloomington  post  ollice,  by  A. 
Cumming. 

-Mrs.  ("ameron  keeps  a  hotel  and  store  near  the 
ferry,  in  a  Imilding  built  by  parties  from  St.  I'aul. 

THE  FIKST  SETTLERS. 

Mi's.  Mary  Louisa  Quiiiii  is  tlie  oldest  living  set- 
tler in  IJlooniington.  anil  also  probably  tlie  old- 
est settler  in  the  State.  She  now  lives  with  her 
daughter,  Mrs.  Margaret  Brosseau.  Mrs.  Qinnn 
was  born  in  the  Hocky  Mountains,  in  the  fall  of 
180(1,  anil  is  the  daughter  of  a  Scotchman,  named 
Findley  and  a  Hocky  Mountain  Indian  woman. 
who  died  giving  her  birtli.  On  the  death  of  the 
mother,  Mr.  Findley  was  left  with  a  family  of 
four  children.  He.  therefore,  left  the  Mountains 
and  came  to  Fort  (Jarry,  where  he  left  the  infant 
in  the  charge  of  a  family  until  bis  return  from 
Lachine.  Canada.  lie  took  the  otlicr  children 
with  him.  but  never  returned.  At  I'mt  (Jarry 
the  baby  grew  to  womanliood.  I'eter  (juinn, 
who  subsetjuently  became  her  husl)and,  was  one 
of  the  earliest  settlers  in  this  county,  with  a 
career  even  more  eventful  than  that  nf  his  wife. 
He  was  burn  in  Dublin.  Ireland,  about  17Wt.  was 
c<»rried  off  by  a  party  of  English  sailors  when  a 
school  boy.  and  taken  to  Vork  Factorj, an  Esqui- 
maux trading  post,  on  the  coast  of  Labrador. 
Making  his  escai)e,  he  lived  three  years  w  itii  ihc 
Ks<|uimaux.  without  seeing  a  white  man  duiing 
the  lime.  He  was  ransomed  by  a  party  of  Hud- 
son    IJa>    tra|)l>crs   in    charge    of    .Mi.    (iiahani. 


(iraham  was  tlie  father  of  Mrs.  Alexander  Fari- 
bault of  this  State.  He  brought  young  l^uinnto 
Foil  (iarry  wliere  lie  married  as  stated  above. 
He  icmaineil  in  the  employ  of  the  Hudson  Hay 
Coniiiany  a  muiibcr  of  years  but  was  in  constant 
dread  nf  being  caught  and  returned  to  his  origi- 
nal captors.  In  1824.  he  was  sent  to  the  trading 
post  of  the  American  Fur  Company,  at  Lac  qui 
Parle  to  rescue  a  white  woman,  that  had  been  cap- 
tured by  the  Sioux,  and  there  made  arrangements 
to  join  the  American  cimipany.  He  left  his  wife 
and  family  for  the  time  at  Fort  (iarry  andaccejjt- 
ed  the  appointment  as  their  agent  at  Fort  Suell- 
ing.  lie  arrived  at  liis  new  post  in  1824.  Du- 
ring his  absence  his  wife  suffered  many  hard- 
ships. While  her  protectors  were  on  a  hvmting 
excursion,  her  eldest  child  died.  and.  tliough 
obliged  to  lariy  an  infant  two  months  old,  she 
determined  to  set  out  alone  to  (hid  them.  A 
heavy  snow  stDrni  overtook  her  on  the  way.  and 
the  baby  perished,  while  she  with  ililhculty  made 
her  wa\  to  licr  friends,  wlio  kindly  received  lier. 
She  now  persuaded  her  friends  to  go  with  her 
to  join  her  husband  in  Minnesota,  and  settle 
there.  Several  set  out  with  her  for  Fort  Snel- 
ling,  in  the  winter  of  1825.  Tliey  traveled  on 
snow  shoes  all  the  wii^y.  Mr.  Quinn  hearing  of 
their  coming,  met  the  party  at  Crow  Wing,  and 
conducted  his  wife  safely  to  Fort  Snelling.  He 
was  soon  ai)pointed  to  a  trading  iiost  at  Leech 
Lake.  Minnesota,  whither  he  went  with  his  fami- 
ly and  remained  till  the  spring  of  1827.  .Mrs. 
tjuinn  at  that  time  returned  with  her  husband  to 
Fort  Snelling.  near  where  she  has  since  lived,  and 
is  now  over  eighty.  From  1827,  Mr.  l^tuiun 
was  constantly  in  the  employ  of  the  government, 
until  his  death.  He  carried  the  mail,  for  a  time, 
from  Fori  Snelling  to  Prairie  du  Chien.  lie  was 
often  employed  as  interpreter  and  in  making 
treaties  on  account  of  his  familiarity  with  the 
Sion\  ami  Cliippeua  languages.  In  lSH7hewent 
to  Washiiiginu  in  I'harge  of  a  delegation  of 
Indian  chids.  In  IS4:i.  he  wasappoiutcd  Indian 
farmer,  ami  npi-m-d  tlic  faiui  tor  iiisliucling  the 
Indians  mar  uliere  his  widow,  daughter  and 
graml-ilaughtei'  now  live.  In  Is.Vl  he  was  sent 
In  Port  Kidgely  as  inlii  imlcr  for  the  soldiers. 
Al  the  opening  of  the  .sioux  war.  in  18(12,  he  was 
sent  by  ('apt.  Marsh  to  Uedwood  Ferry  to  recon- 
noitiT.  and    parity    Die   Indians,      lie  \\as   there 


BLOOMINOTON—TEE  FIRST  SETTLERS. 


227 


maliciously  shot  by  an  Indian  named  White  Dog, 
who  imagined  liiniself  injure<l  hy  C^uiini  and 
committed  the  act  in  retaliation.  ^Irs.  Qninn 
wlio  was  at  the  time  visiting  her  daughter  in 
Hloomington,  did  not  return  to  Fort  Ridgely. 
ilrs.  Quinu  is  familiar  with  Indian  dialects  and 
the  French  language  but  cannot  talk  Englisli. 
She  receives  a  pension  from  the  Goveriuuent. 

Rev.  Gideon  H.  Pond  came  to  Bloomington,  in 
1843.  Mr.  Pond  was  born  in  Washington,  Liteh- 
fleld  county,  Connecticut,  June  30th  ISIO.  He 
lived  on  the  home  farm  until  1834,  when  he  re- 
ceived a  letter  from  his  brother,  Samuel  W. 
Pond,  a  school  teacher  at  Galena.  Illinois,  pro- 
posing a  missionary  enterprise  to  the  Dakota  In- 
dians. Tlie  pr(ii»osition  was  accepted  and,  in 
1834,  provided  with  neither  brass,  scrip  nor  purse, 
he  joined  his  brother  at  Galena,  where  they  em- 
barked on  a  steamer  and  arrived  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing  in  May.  They  began  their  labors  among  the 
small  bands  of  Dahkotas  around  lakes  Calhoun 
and  Ilarriet.  They  built  a  rude  cabin  on  the  east 
shore  of  Lake  Calhoun,  and  labored  together 
three  years,  when  Gideon  II.,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  leaving  his  brother  iu  charge  of  the  mis- 
sion school,  went  to  Lac  qiu  Parle,  where  a  Pres- 
byterian church  had  been  organized,  and  offered 
his  services  as  Indian  farmer  and  teacher.  He 
remained  there  a  few  years  and  returned  to  Lake 
Harriet.  As  previously  stated,  the  Ponds  under- 
took this  missionary  labor  unaided,  but,  soon 
after,  on  the  arrival  of  missionaries  sustained  by 
the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  they  joined  with  them  and 
labored  under  the  patronage  of  that  society. 
They  began  as  laymen  but,  in  183ii.  Gideon  H. 
Pond  returned  to  Connecticut,  and,  during  a 
short  absence  was  ordained,  when  he  returned 
to  his  labors.  In  1843,  owing  to  the  repeated 
disturbances  between  the  Clhppewas  and  Dah- 
kotas, the  latter  changed  their  location  to  the 
lianks  of  the  ^linnesota  river.  Jilr  Pond  fol- 
lowed their  fortunes  and  located  in  Blooming- 
ton,  where  his  family  now  lives.  He  erected 
a  residence  for  his  own  family  and  a  school- 
house  for  the  Indians.  Services  were  held  every 
Sabbath,  and  schools  were  sustained  during  the 
week,  for  the  red  children,  by  ^Ir.  Pond  and  his 
assistants.  Several  of  these  assistants  were  wo- 
men. In  1852,  in  accordance  with  a  treaty,  the 
Indians  were  removed  from  the  vicinity  but  Mr. 


Pond  liad  now  become  attached  to  this  place  as 
a  home  and  remained  here  until  his  death.  Mr. 
Pond  was  married  Novemljer  2d,  1837,  at  Lac 
qui  Parle,  to  Miss  Sarah  Poage,  who  was  his 
faithful  assistant  until  her  death,  which  occurred 
in  1853.  In  18o4  he  married  ilrs.  Sarah  Hopkins, 
widow  of  a  missionary,  who  was  drowned  in  the 
:Mimiesota  river  at  Saint  Peter,  July  4th,  1851. 
As  the  settlers  arrived  in  Bloomington  very 
rapidly  after  the  departure  of  the  Indians,  Mr. 
Pond  devoted  himself  to  religious,  social  and  po- 
litical progress  among  the  new  settlers.  He  or- 
ganized a  church  and  was  its  pastor  for  nrany 
years ;  he  represented  the  7th  district  in  the 
fust  territorial  legislature,  and  otherwise  took 
an  active  part  in  progressive,  political  affairs. 
He  died,  January  20th,  1878. 

lion.  Martin  McLeod  was  born  in  Montreal, 
Canada,  August  1812.  During  early  years  he 
was  engaged  as  a  clerk  in  a  wholesale  house  in 
his  native  city.  He  had  a  Uberal  education,  but 
was  imbued  with  a  strong  desire  to  explore  the 
West.  In  1836,  at  Buffalo,  he  met  General 
Dickinson,  a  British  officer,  who  was  organizing 
a  party  of  young  men  to  explore  the  western 
country.  McLeod  joined  the  expedition  and  went 
to  the  Hudson  Bay  Company  territory  of  Lord 
Sellcirk.  Tlie  ci)mpany  was  disbanded,  and 
McLeod  found  himself,  in  the  winter  of  1836-7. 
cast  on  his  own  resources.  He,  with  Capt.  J. 
Pays,  a  Polish  exile,  and  Richard  Hays,  an  Irish- 
man, hired  Pierre  Bottineau,  as  guide  to  conduct 
them  to  Fort  Snelling.  Hays  was  lost  in  a  snow 
storm,  and  perished.  Pays  was  so  badly  frozen 
that  they  were  compelled  to  build  a  shanty  for 
him  and  leave  him  behind.  On  returning  for 
him  a  few  days  later,  they  found  him  frozen  to 
death.  Mr.  McLeod  arrived  with  his  guide  at 
Lake  Traverse,  and  during  the  same  spring, 
(1837),  proceeded  to  Fort  Snelling.  There  he 
became  clerk  and  Ijook-keeper  for  11.  II.  Sibley. 
He  afterward  became  a  partner  with  a  Mr.  Baker, 
in  a  trading  post  at  the  fort.  After  the  death  of 
Mr.  Baker,  he  went  up  the  St.  Croix  River  and 
traded  with  the  ( 'hippewas.  during  the  winter  of 
1830-40,  and  afterward  up  the  Minnesota  River 
to  Traverse  de  Sioux,  and  opened  a  trading  post 
there,  another  in  1843,  at  Big  Stone  Lake,  and 
still  anotlier  at  Lac  qui  Parle,  in  1846.  He 
took  his  family  with  him  to  the  two  places  last 


22b 


HISTOBY  OF  H£NN£P1N  COUNTY. 


inpiitiniicil.  Ill  1S49  lie  removed  llieiu  to  where 
liis  son  now  re.siiles.  He  coiilinued  llie  trading 
posts  already  mentioned,  and  established  otliers 
at  Redwood  and  Yellow  Medicine,  after  the 
Indians  were  removed  to  these  points.  In  l.SoS 
he  sold  onl  his  nailing  po.sts  and  engaged  in  ical 
estate  business  until  his  death.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  territorial  legislature  and  couufil.  and 
took  a  great  interest  in  the  aflairs  of  the  country. 
His  deatli  occurred  in  l«Wi.  His  son  Walters. 
McLeod.  whn  li\cs  on  ihe  old  homestead,  was 
born  near  Fort  Snelling.  .Vi>ril  liith.  IS41.  and  has 
always  lieen  a  resident  of  the  couiitx.  He  has 
lilled  a  number  of  town  offices,  and  is  a  )iulilic 
spirited  and  enterprising  citizen. 

Mrs.  Margaret  IJidsseau  was  born  at  l/ccch 
Lake,  Minnesota,  October  loth,  182ii.  and  is  tlit; 
daughter  of  Peter  and  Louisa  Quinn.  Her  whole 
life  has  been  i)assed  in  the  vicinity  (jf  Fort  Snelling. 
Her  early  life  was  spent  among  the  Indians  and 
traders  who  frequented  the  fort.  She.  b\  this 
association,  became  familiar  with  llie  Sinux. 
('hii>i>ewa  and  French  languages  in  addition  to 
Knglish.  She  attended  school  at  the  fort  and  at 
.Mr.  Fonil's  missionary  school.  Inl846  .she  was 
married  to  S.  J.  Findley,  of  Prairie  du  Chieii. 
a  clerk  in  the  sutler's  store  at  Fort  Snelling. 
Mr.  Findley  kejit  the  IVriy  ami  liveil  in  a  house, 
still  standing,  on  the  east  baidv  of  the  .Mississippi 
Hiver.  near  the  new  bridge  at  the  fort.  There  lie 
died  November  8th,  IKoo,  leaving  his  wife  and 
three  children.  Two  of  these  children  are  now 
ilead,  and  the  third,  the  cmly  survivor,  is  Mrs.  A. 
F.  Scolield  of  this  town.  .Mrs.  Findley  remainecl 
at  Fort  Snelling  until  Is.'iT  when  she  married  F. 
.\.  liros.eau  and  settled  (in  hei'  la  nil  in  Dlooming- 
toii  where  she  now  resides.  Fi'oin  isiij  '72  they 
lived  in  St.  I'aiil.  but  returned  at  the  latter  date 
anil  have  since  lived  in  tlieir  old  home.     There 

were  two  cliildren  by  the  last  marriaLre.  .1; 's  L. 

and  Francis  X.:  both  are  dead. 

Samuel  Augustin  (loodrich  was  born  in  Hen- 
son,  \'eriiionl,  September  ruli.  1827.  In  I8:{2 
Ills  parents  moved  to  l)u  I'age  coiiiil\ .  Jllinni^. 
He  there  atleiided  scIkhiI.  muiI  in  due  lime  cnlereil 
Knox  College,  liaiesburg.  His  health  would  not 
penult  him  to  com])lele  his  course  and  he  left 
college.  In  18."i2.  in  company  with  olliers.  he 
came  to  this  town  and  made  a  claim  where  his 
laniih  now  resides.   In  ls.')4.  and  atraiii  in  18")U.  he 


visited  Illinois.  Dnring  the  last  visit  he  married, 
at  Chicago.  His  wife  was  a  Miss  .Vdanis,  a  na- 
tive of  Enosbiirgh.  Vermont,  born  .March  18th. 
18;H0.  She  came  to  Chicago,  in  18.54.  .Mr.  (iood- 
rich  was  the  lirst  assessin'  for  llenneiiin  county, 
and  belli  the  oilice  of  Justice  of  the  Peace.  He 
died  Xov.  21sl.  Istio.  There  were  six  children. 
Mrs.  (toodricli  still  resides  on  the  old  homestead. 
William  Chaiiwick  was  born  in  England,  Xov. 
1  nil.  IS21.  He  came  to  .\merica  With  his  parents 
in  ls2!i.  and  setth-d  in  Quebec,  where  they  re- 
mained until  1882.  They  then  removed  to  Kings- 
ton, where  AVilliam  attended  school  until  lifteen. 
He  was  emiilox I'll  afterwards  on  the  steamboats 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  canal  boats  on  the  IJi- 
deau  canal,  until  twenty-two.  wlien  be  married. 
lioiight  a  laiiii.  and  lived  on  it  seven  years.  He 
then  lived  mie  year  in  Kingston  before  coming  to 
Miimesota.  He  came  liere  in  18.54.  and  settled  on 
bis  present  farm  in  18iii).  He  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Morris  in  184-5.  She  was  born  in  England, 
.laniiaiy  1.5th,  1827,  and  ten  children,  of  wliom 
eight  are  living,  followed  the  marriage.  Hubert, 
Mary  .\..  Hector,  Enmia  J..  Clara  .1..  (Jeorge  F.. 
William  .V..  and  Eddie. 

mi)iJliAl'l!ir  At.. 

.1.  L.  .\iicel  was  born  in  France,  January  22d, 
1822  :  served  as  a  soldier  seven  years  in  France  ; 
married  to  Miss  /elie  (Jenevry  in  18.50  ;  emigrated 
til  .Vmerica  in  ".52  ;  remained  a  short  time  in  New 
Vork  :  removed  to  Cunnecticul.  and  staid  four 
years;  retiiniiMl  tu  .New  Vork.  where  the>  re- 
mained until  18.57.  when  they  removed  to  Minne- 
sota, and  located  ill  IJIoomiiigton.  In  1874.  |iur- 
cliaseil  a  I'anii  on  section  17:  sold.  1878;  leiiteil 
the  faiin  on  which  he  now  lives  the  same  year; 
has  purchased  liiO  acres  in  section  \'.i.  They  have 
live  children. 

T.  T.  Bazley  was  born  in  Englaiul.  November 
2Htli,  1828;  .settled  in  Canada.  1842;  moved  to 
.Minnesota.  18.52;  on  his  present  farm  in  18.5.S  ; 
married.  September  .s.  ls.57.  to  .Miss  Catherine 
.Miller,  tioni  Ireiaiid.  who  died.  Xoveuiber  loth, 
1.8.5!l;  married  again.  September.  18(i2.  to  Miss 
-Nancy  Stinson.  He  tried  to  enlist  as  a  soldier, 
but  was  rejected.  ('Iiildren  are.  I'liebe.  Kate, 
.leiinetle.  Tom,  Josephine,  l.illie  .1. 

.loliii  Ibown  was  born  in  England.  September 
21.18;W;  came  tn    .Viiieiica  in    1847.     His  father 


BLOOMINQTON—BIOGBAPHICAL. 


229 


enlisted  in  the  3d  Iiift.  of  U.  S.  Regs.,  and  went 
to  Mexico,  liis  fatoily  aecompanjing  him.  In 
18-19.  tlie  regiment  was  ordered  to  Fort  Snelling, 
where  Mr.  Brown  remained  until  18.5.S,  when 
they  settled  on  a  farm  in  this  tt)wn.  John,  in 
1861,  enlisted  in  Company  D.  1st  Minnesota  reg- 
iment; was  in  the  first  Bull  Piun  battle;  mus- 
tered out  in  I8f)4.  The  same  siunmer  he  was 
sent  as  a  scout  to  Dakota.  Part  of  186-5  in  the 
Quartermaster's  department  in  Virginia.  In  the 
fall  of  18t>5,  married  Anna  M.  Ames,  of  Bloom- 
ington.  and  settled  on  his  present  farm.  They 
have  three  children,  John  A.,  Cora  X.,  and  Wal- 
ter J.  Mr.  Brown  has  a  good  farm  valued  at 
.-?o.0()0. 

II.  D.  Cunningham,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
the  state,  was  bom  in  Angusta  county,  "N'irginia, 
December  l.Sth.  1822.  Came  to  Minnesota  in 
18.5H.  Settled  in  Xicollet  county  and  followed 
farming.  ^Married  Miss  Mary  Ellison  in  ]s.)T.  In 
18-58  went  to  Yellow  Medicine  and  took  charge 
of  the  schools  of  the  Dakota  Mission,  where  he 
remained  until  the  spring  of  l,sG-5,  when  he 
moved  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  in  the  lloiir 
and  feed  business.  Located  on  his  present  lann 
in  1874.  Held  the  office  of  town  supervisor  three 
years,  school  director  and  treasurer  for  two  years, 
and  is  now  in  the  employ  uf  the  American  Tract 
Society  as  colpdrteur. 

Joseph  Harrison  was  born  in  Ireland.  1n1-5. 
Emigrated  to  Canada  in  1818.  Settled  in  Kings- 
ton. Miirried  in  1840  to  Miss  II.  Cook,  of  Kings- 
tun.  Had  thirteen  children,  nine  of  whom  are 
living:  Cecilia,  Amelia.  Elizabeth  A..  Martha  J.. 
Frances  May,  Charlotte.  AVilUam  A..  Harriet  M.. 
Clement  I).,  Hulda  C.  Abbie.  Eva.  Edith  Hope. 
Came  to  Minnesota  in  18-54.  and  moved  to  his 
present  home  in  1874.  Has  held  the  office  of 
town  supervisor  and  school  director  for  several 
years.    Has  land  valued  at  .S7.O00. 

J.  W.  Kelley  was  born  in  Williamsburg.  X.  V.. 
June  4tli,  183(5.  llemoved  to  Oneida  county  in 
18-56.  Married  in  18-59  to  Miss  C.Joice.  Enlisled 
in  1862  in  Co.  A. 117  X.  Y.  Regt.  2d  division,  and 
was  engaged  in  many  hard-fought  V)attles  under 
(ienerals  Butler,  (iilmore,  and  Terry.  Mustered 
out  in  l«ii-5.  Returned  to  Oneida  same  year. 
Moved  to  Iowa  in  1869,  and  to  Minnesota  and- 
his  present  farm  in  1874.  They  have  four 
children.  Mr.  Kellev  is  mail  carrier  from  Minne- 


apolis to  Richfield.  Bloominjitdn.  and  Blooming- 
ton  FeiTy. 

•J.  II.  Kirk  was  born  in  Maryland.  September 
28th.  1827.  Went  to  Ohio  in  1834.  Moved  to 
Sargents  Bluff.  Iowa,  1849;  to  Anoka  county. 
Minnesota,  May,  18-51 .  Married  in  18-59  to  Miss 
Mary  (t.  Smith,  who  was  born  in  Vermont,  May 
28th,  1834.  They  settled  on  their  present  farm 
in  1866.  Have  no  children.  Iml  have  sjiven  homes 
to  three  friendless  girls  and  one  bo\ .  His  land  is 
valued  at  S3,2(l(). 

John  Le  Borius  was  born  in  Germany  in  1844. 
Came  to  America  and  settled  in  St.  Paul  in  18-54. 
Spent  most  of  his  time  until  1861  traveling  as 
cook  and  waiter  with  parties  looking  for  and  lo- 
cating claims.  Employeil  l)y  the  government  as 
wagon-master  and  blacksmith.  Was  with  Gen. 
Sililey's  expedition  ;igainst  the  Indians  in  1863. 
On  his  retiu'n  was  emiiloyed  at  Fort  Snelling.  In 
1868  made  another  trip  with  (;en.  .Mercy  into  Da- 
kota and  tlie  British  possessions,  inspecting  the 
forts.  In  1869  made  a  trip  with  (Jen.  Hancock, 
inspecting  forts  and  locating  new  ones.  1879 
took  the  Fort  Snelling  ferry  and  run  it  four  sea- 
sons. 1877  took  charge  of  a  large  farm  in  Slower 
county.     Married.  Dec.  1879.  Miss  L.  M.  Frank. 

Jeremiali  Mahoney,  born  in  Ireland  in  1818. 
Came  to  America  hi  1839.  Enlisted  in  1840  in 
the  V .  S.  army,  as  t^uartermastcr  Sergeant,  and 
was  ordered  to  Fhuida  umler  (ienl.  W.  S.  Harney, 
to  gather  the  Seminole  Indians  and  take  them  to 
the  reservation  in  Arkansas.  Stationed  at  Fort 
Gibson  four  years.  Ordered  to  .Me.\ico  in  1846. 
Was  through  all  the  liattles  of  the  Mexican  war 
under  Gen.  Scott.  Ordered  to  Fort  Snelling.  and 
appointed  Ordnance  Sergeant,  where  he  remained 
until  the  post  was  sold  to  Franklin  Steele.  Mar- 
ried in  1853  to  Anna  Xevin.  Moved  to  liis  pres- 
ent farm  in  18-58.  In  1n61  enlisted  in  the  First 
^linnesota  Regiment  as  ( 'ommissary  Sergeant. 
Pveceived  the  appointment  of  Head  Clerk  and. 
Cashier  in  Quartermaster's  Department.  Alexan- 
dria. Va.  In  1864  returned  to  his  home.  They 
have  one  child  living.  Martha  A.  Town  Super- 
visor one  year,  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  two  years. 

W.  J.  McAfee,  proprietor  of  Bloomington  Flour 
Mills,  was  born  in  Ireland  May  h.  1-s4o.  Came  to 
St.  Johns,  X.  B.,  1843.  Learned  of  his  fatlier 
tlie  millwright  and  nia<'hinist  trades.  Engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  lumber,  ten  \  ears.     In  1868 


230 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


moved  to  St.  Paul  and  opened  the  City  Iron 
Works;  1869,  took  a  partner,  in  DSTl.  dissolved 
and  took  in  his  brother,  Hugh  J.;  1877,  bought 
liresent  property,  erected  his  mill,  which,  with 
the  improvements  made  from  time  to  time,  makes 
it  a  first  class  country  mill.  Married  in  186.5  to 
Miss  M.  E.  Spencer,  of  St.  Johns,  X.  B.  They 
iiave  had  six  children. 

Tliomas  Oxboniugh  was  born  in  England,  .\pril 
liii.  isu.  Ilis  mother  died  in  'is-2S.  From  that 
time  he  was  obliged  to  earn  liis  own  living. 
.Married  in  lSo2  to  Miss  Sarah  Parish.  Came  In 
-Vmerica  in  18-52  and  settled  in  St.  Clair.  Mich. 
In  1853  moved  to  Minnesota,  and  located  on  his 
present  farm!  Put  up  a  small  shanty  on  his 
claim,  without  dooi-s  or  windows.  Indians  were 
numerous,  sometimes  two  hundred  would  gather 
around,  but  did  no  harm,  lias  two  children, 
Mathew  and  Anna.  He  has  land  valued  at 
.?6,000.  also  a  large  livery  stable  on  First  street. 
Minneapolis,  valued  at  .Sh.ouo. 

Abram  Palmer,  born  in  liuiland.  \'ermont, 
October  9th,  182-5.  At  an  early  age  he  moveil 
to  Saratoga  county,  Xew  York.  In  18-17.  mar- 
ried to  Miss  A.  Snow.  Moved  to  Illinois  in 
1850,  and  to  DeKalb  county  in  18-53.  Spring 
of  1857  moved  to  Minnesota,  and  settled  on  their 
present  farm  :  had  seven  children.  Wilber.  James, 
ilary  E.,  Emily,  Henry,  Laiu'a  and  Abram  F. 
Has  been  Town  Supervisor  six  years.  Assessor 
live  years. 

J.  T.  Palmci'  was  born  in  Saratoga  (dinil.s.  .\. 
\'..  .Vugust  11th.  1834.  Learned  cabinet  makers 
trade  at  i5allsl<in  Spa.  In  l.s.51  moved  to  De- 
kalb county.  Illinois.  Married  in  I.s-jd  to  Miss 
.\Iar>  K.  Patterson,  of  Pennsylvania.  F'or  six 
years  he  was  master  carpenter  on  the  St.  I'.  iV 
P.  H.  H.  Settled  on  his  farm  in  1.S70.  Ilavi- 
five  children  living.  Charles  K..  Ui)bert  P.  Willie 
P.,  Mary  C,  and  Josie  L.  Land  valued  at  s-5.()(]0. 

Wilber  Palmer  was  born  in  Saratoga  county. 
N.  v.,  1822.  .Moved  to  DcKalh  counlv.  Illinois. 
ill  18-50.  Came  to  .Minnesota  in  lK-50,  and  on  his 
present  farm  in  1H60.  Married  in  1844  to  Miss 
Margaret  (iray.  of  .'>aratoga.  lie  enlisted  in  the 
.Mexican  war.  Company  E.  Thinl  Hcgimcnl  In- 
fantry, anil  served  through  the  war.  Mustered 
out  in  1848.  Married  again  in  18-53  to  Miss 
Phebe  Hedges,  of  Cana<la.  Has  eight  children 
living.     Land  valued  at  $3,000. 


P.  M.  Petterson  was  born  in  Sweden,  March 
lith.  1818.  Came  to  America  in  18-54.  Gloved 
from  Xew  York  to  Minnesota  in  18-5.5,  and  set- 
tled in  Dakota  county,  iloved  t«  his  present 
farm  in  18(i(i.  ilarried  in  184-5  to  Miss  Gustava 
Johnson.  Divorced  in  1873.  Married  again  in 
same  year  to  Miss  11.  Johnson.  Have  four 
children.  Albert,  Charles  T.,  Anna  M..  and  Ida. 

.1.  1).  Scolield  was  born  in  Cortland  county. 
.N.  v..  August  2i)th.  1828.  Moved  to  Seneca 
county,  in  ls47.  Engaged  in  the  lumber  trade 
until  1^4it  when  he  came  to  Saint  Paul.  Moved 
to  Wasliinglon  county  in  18-31.  and  remained  un- 
til 18-53.  when  he  was  married  to  Miss  Sophia 
Cook.  Settled  on  his  present  farm  same  year. 
Had  four  children,  Charles  E..  Lester  IL.  Alice 
M..  and  Florence.  Wife  died  September  22.  "61. 
Married  again  April  14th,  186-5,  to  Miss  C.  S. 
Damon.  They  have  had  three  children,  Cora  E.. 
.Mabel  X..  and  Carl  S.  Supervisor  for  five  years. 
One  of  the  charter  members  of  the  Farmers' 
Grange,  organized  in  lsT4. 

F.  G.  Standish.  born  in  l}ens<in.  A'erniont. 
.Iul\  10.  1,S34.  Moved  to  Xew  York  in  1836.  To 
Illinois  in  1848.  To  Minnesota  in  1856.  Madea 
claim  seven  miles  west  of  Rockford,  AVright  Coun- 
ty. in'18.58.  Drafted  in  1862,  and  furnished  a  sub- 
stitute. Sold  his  farm  same  year  and  moved  to 
this  town.  .Married  in  1863  to  Miss  C.  Harrison, 
anil  settled  on  his  present  farm  in  1868.  Ila\i- 
four  children.  He  was  one  of  the  volunteer  com- 
pany that  went  to  Furl  Hidgely  in  1862. 

Garritt  \'an  Xess.  .Ir..  linin  in  Canada, Feb- 
ruary 23.  1S3().  Came  to  .Miinu'sota  and  settled 
in  liloomington  in  1.s6.>.  and  on  his  present  farm 
in  l«7-5.  Married  in  1862  to  Miss  .Mary  Morris. 
He  is  a  carpenter  and  boat  l)uilder  by  trade. 
Keeps  a  sportsinans  station,  acting  as  guide,  and 
furnishing  boats  for  duck  hunting.  June  20, 
1877.  acyclone  ]iassed  over  his  place  and  destroy- 
ed every  building  he  liiiil.      I.MTiil    \alued  l?2,.50O. 

Wm.  West,  Jr.,  liorii  in  England.  February 
2H,  1847.  Came  to  America  and  settled  in  New 
York  in  18.52.  Went  to  Will  comity,  Illinois,  in 
is.",."..  To  AnoUa  county  .Minnesota  in  ls.56. 
u  heie  his  father  pre-empted  a  farm  uliicli  he 
still  owns.  Marrieil  in  1872  to  Miss  Mar>  Kell 
of  this  township.  Moved  to  Ins  present  farm, 
in  1863.  They  have  three  iliildrcu.  J.,eoiia,  Fannie. 
G.,  Ewiiig  W.     Land  valued  at  5^2000. 


EDEN  PRAIRIE— GENERAL  DESCRIPIION. 


231 


EDEN  PRAIRIE. 


CHAPTER  XXXVIir. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION — EARLY  SETTLERS — 
TOWN  ORGANIZATION— INDIAN  BATTLE- 
SCHOOLS— CHURCHES RAILROADS  —STATIS- 
TICS—BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Eden  Prairie  is  situated  on  tlie  Miiiiiesnta  Hiv- 
er,  wbicli  formy  its  entire  southern  Ixmiidary. 
The  face  of  the  country  is  mainly  rolling  and  liilly. 
This  is  the  character  of  the  northern  and  middle 
portions.  The  name,  liowever,  arose  from  the 
soutlierii  portion,  wliich  consists  of  aprairie.  The 
town  was  named,  in  18.53,  by  a  Mrs.  Elliot,  who 
gave  it  the  name  Eden,  in  expressing  her  admi- 
ration of  this  beautiful  prairie.  It  has  many 
lakes  and  some  marshes.  The  lakes  are  charac- 
terized by  the  usual  gravelly  shores  and  high 
banks  that  render  the  lakes  of  the  county  so 
beautiful.  It  is  watered  by  several  small  streams. 
Mill  Creek,  the  largest,  rises  in  Minnetonka,  flows 
across  the  town  from  north  to  south,  through 
Staring  Lake  and  empties  into  the  Jliniiesota 
Eiver.  The  whole  township  is  fertile  and  well 
adapted  to  grain.  At  one  time  it  produced 
more  wheat  than  any  other  town  in  Hen- 
nepin county.  In  the  northern,  or  brush-land 
portion  of  the  town,  the  soil  is  a  dark  loam  with 
clay  subsoil.  The  prairie  has  a  deeper  and  richer 
soil.  Heavy  timber  is  found  in  the  extreme 
north-west  and  south-west  and  lighter  on  the 
hilly  land.  Eden  Prairie  is  a  farming  town  and 
contains  no  village. 

EARLY   SETTLERS. 

The  town  was  first  settled  in  l.s5:2,  by  .lolm 
McKenzie,  David  Livingston.  Alexander  Gould, 
Hiram  Abbott.  Samuel  Mitchell,  Sr.,  and  sons, 
R.  Neill,  Aaron  Gould,  and  others.  Mr.  Al)bott 
made  the  first  claim  on  the  north  part  of  tlie 
prairie,  immediately  after  the  treaty,  with  pur- 
chase of  land,  was  made  with  tlie  Dahkotas,  in 


iSol .  Mr.  McKenzie's  claim  was  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  town  near  the  river,  on  sections  34 
and  35.  In  company  with  Hon.  Alexander  AVil- 
kin,  then  secretary  of  the  territory,  and  others, 
he  platted  a  village,  and  called  it  Hennepin. 
This  was  on  the  Minnesota  river,  at  his  claim. 
A  hotel,  store  and  a  few  residences  were  built. 
It  was  at  one  time  the  chief  shipping  point  for 
grain,  which  was  taken  in  the  small  steamers 
that  plied  up  and  down  the  Minnesota  river. 
Like  many  a  projected  city  of  the  West,  it  failed 
to  flourish,  and  was  abandoned. 

TOWN  ORGANIZATION. 

Previous  to  the  state  organization,  Hiram  Ab- 
bott was  appointed  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and 
William  O.  Collins,  Constable,  in  1854,  under 
the  territorial  government.  These  were  the  only 
officers  previous  to  the  town  organization. 

The  township  was  organized  in  1858,  and  the 
first  town  meeting  held  on  the  eleventh  of  May, 
in  the  old  school  house.  The  following  officers 
were  elected : 

Supervisors,  Aaron  (xoidd.  chairman  ;  Robert 
Anderson  and  William  O.  Collins.  Clerk,  Will- 
iam 11.  Rouse.  Collector,  A.  K.  Miller.  Asses- 
sor, William  J.  Jarrett.  Overseer  of  Poor,  John 
Keeley.  Justices,  William  O.  Collins  and  James 
Gamble.  Constables,  A.  K.  Miller  and  Arch. 
Anderson.  The  total  expense  of  the  town  for 
the  first  year  was  S55.04. 

Tlie  town  officers  for  1880,  were  :  Supervisors, 
William  Hurlbut,  chairman ;  William  Andrews 
and  Aaron  S.  Xeill.  Clerk,  William  O.  ColUns. 
Assessor,  George  N.  Gibbs.  Treasurer,  Sheldon 
Smith. 

EARLY    EVENTS. 

The  first  child  of  white  parentage  lioru  in  the 
town,  was  to  ^Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pauley  Butterfleld, 
and  died  in  infancy.  The  first  marriage  was 
William  Chambers  and  Martha  Mitchell,  in  the 


232 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


w-inter  of  1852-3.  Neither  are  living.  The  first 
woman  to  live  in  this  town  was  Miss  Jane  Mitch- 
ell, now  Mrs.  Frank  Warner,  of  Carver.  Slie 
came  in  1«52,  to  keep  house  for  her  father  and 
brothers,  before  the  arrival  of  the  other  members 
of  the  family.  The  farm  wliere  they  located,  on 
section  IT,  is  now  owned  by  the  heirs  of  Fred. 
Miller. 

INDIAN    iiArri.K. 

On  the  27lh  of  May.  IHoS.  only  a  few  days 
subsequent  to  the  organization  of  the  town,  a 
fearful  Indian  battle  was  fought,  which  was 
witnessed  by  several  of  the  settlers.  It  took 
place  between  tlie  old  enemies,  the  Sioux  and 
Chippwas,  near  Murphy "s  ferry  in  the  southern 
l)art  of  the  town.  Tlie  Cliippewas  wished  to 
avenge  a  murder,  committed  the  fall  previous  near 
Vtow  Wing  by  the  Sioux.  In  furtherance  of  tlieir 
plan,  the  Cliippewas  formed  an  ambush  among  the 
hills  on  the  north  side  of  the  ferry.  The  Sioux 
were  encamped  on  the  south  side.  The  Cliippe- 
was numbered  about  two  hundred  warriors,  the 
Sioux,  only  sixty  or  seventy.  The  Cliippewas 
therefore  counted  on  an  easy  victory.  The  contest 
began  at  early  dawn  by  a  detachment  of  Chippe- 
was  firmg  upon  a  fisliing  party  of  Sioux,  who  had 
unsuspectingly  crossed  to  tlie  north  side.  This 
roused  tlie  Sioux  camp  and  they  took  jiossession 
of  the  ferry  so  i)romiitl.\',  as  to  cross  and  come  on 
the  Cliippewas  at  the  banks  of  Big  Creek  and  get 
intocover  in  their  near  vicinity  before  they  could 
bere])ell(Ml.  The  Chipjicwas  Ihidhig  tlieirambush 
a  failure,  made  several  atlcnipls  to  <lisliKlge  their 
foes  by  strong  detaclnucuts.  Inil  without  succe.S8. 
The  Sioux,  though  interior  in  iniuiliers.  fought 
with  characteristic  vigor  and  desperation,  and 
alpciiit  111  <i'clock  ill  the  iiioniiiigcom))letely  routed 
the  Cliippewas.  Tlie  iiiiiiiber  killed  is  not  known 
liut  Noonday,  a  yourigcliief  of  tlieCliiiiiiewas.  fell 
and  his  body  was  horribly  mutilated  by  Wau-ma- 
nung,  chief  of  the  Sioux.  I'liilli)!  Collins,  who 
was  an  eye  witness,  states  that  the  sioiix  cliiel 
cut  the  heart  from  liis  fallen  foe  and  drank  of  its 
blood,  then,  after  taking  the  scalp,  cut  off  the 
liead  and  carried  it  on  a  jiole  to  tlii'  Sioux  camp 
near  Sliakopee.  Then  the  victory  was  celebrated 
liy  a  scalii  dance,  lasting  several  days,  cliaracler- 
i/.ed  by  tlieir  usual  barbarities.  The  ImmIv  ;if  the 
\oiing  chief  was  liiiriieil. 


After  the  fight.  Mr.  Collins  found  in  a  pouch 
containing  the  pipe.  •■Kiunickmnick,"  etc.,  of  a 
fallen  Chippewa,  a  rude  map  on  birch  bark,  which 
bore,  besides  the  localities  of  hills,  lakes  and 
rivers  of  that  vicinity,  several  mysterious  char- 
acters, among  them  figures  representing  cows, 
others  foxes,  etc.  It  is  unfortunate  that  this 
relic  was  lost. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  house  was  built  in  ls.54.  It 
was  built  of  tamarac  logs  and  finished  w'ith  bass- 
wood  lumber.  In  size  it  was  18x24  feet.  This 
was  the  second  school  house  built  in  Hennepin 
county.  Miss  Sarah  Clark  taught  during  the 
siuiimer  of  1854,  which  was  the  opening  term  of 
the  school.  This  old  house,  which  long  served 
as  school  house,  church  and  town  hall,  was  torn 
down  in  1873,  and  in  its  stead  was  built  the  pres- 
ent structure.  It  is  a  neat  frame  building.  2iix3(i 
feet,  on  the  east  line  of  section  20,  district  number 
56.  The  town  sustains  schools  in  four  entire 
districts  audforms  part  of  two  joint  dis^tricts  with 
Minnetonka.  all  fiiniislied  with  siibslantial  school 
houses. 

CIirRCHES. 

The  earliest  report  of  religious  instruction  is  of 
the  preaching  of  Kev.  Gideon  II.  Pond,  in  the 
sjiring  of  18.")4.  at  the  house  of  Ilirain  .\bbott. 
Meetings  were  afterward  held  at  the  house  of  J. 
Staring,  and.  later,  in  the  old  log  school  house. 
The  Rev.  Kdward  Egglestoii  preached  in  the 
school  house  several  times  during  the  early  part 
of  his  ministry.  Three  cliurclies  are  now  sustained 
in  the  town.  The  Methodist  Episcopal.  I'liited 
I'resbyteriaii  and  Kiiiscopal.  The  first  etl'ort 
toward  the  eslablislinienl  of  a  .Methodist  societ> 
was  the  forming  of  a  class  by  Hev.  .1.  K.  Hell, 
lie  was  soon  succeeded  l)y  Hev.  Mr.  .Steiihensoii. 
for  several  years  the  society  wassmall.  but  gained 
numerical  strength  with  the  develoimieiit  of  the 
town.  In  1S71.  a  chiircli  was  built  in  section  21 . 
near  the  site  ol  llie  old  school  house.  The  society 
now  111  I  iiibeis  about  sixty  iiieinbers  and  has  a  Moil  r- 
isliiug  Sunday  School. 

The  I'liited  Presbyterian  Chiiich  was  organized 
in  I.S.5.S.  by  Hev.  Alex,  Mcllattou.  a  iuissioiiar>. 
who  remained  about  two>ears.  Several  changes 
occiiMcd  during  the  next  lew  Ncars.  l!e\',  A.  ]). 
Coleniaii  was  stationed  here  in  iMis.      lie  wasthe 


lEDEN  PRAIBIE—MILL,  STOBES,  ETC. 


233 


first  stated  pastor  and  remained  until  1871,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  L.  Wliitley,  who 
remained  three  years.  Rev.  James  Rogers  was 
stationed  here  in  1874  and  remained  until  1878, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  S.  T.  Herron, 
the  present  pastor.  Tlie  elders  of  the  church  are 
Samuel  Anderson,  James  Clark  and  James  Gam- 
ble. The  church  edifice  is  a  comfortable  frame 
building  28x40  feet,  located  in  the  northwest  part 
of  section  26.  It  was  built  in  part,  in  18B9,  and 
finished  in  1 879.  The  society  numbers  fifty-three 
and  Sunday  School  sixty-five.  The  average  at- 
tendance at  the  Sunday  School  is  forty. 

Episcopal,  St.  John's  Church.  The  first  organ- 
ization of  this  society  was  in  18(54.  It  was,  how- 
ever, re-organized  in  1873,  in  consequence  of  the 
failure  to  record  the  first  organization.  The 
church  is  a  very  neat  wooden  structure,  22x34 
feet.  It  was  originally  built  in  Chanhassen, 
Carver  county,  aliout  the  year  IstiO.  and  in  18Hs. 
was  mo\'ed  to  its  present  location  on  section  27. 
The  first  pastor  was  Rev.  John  Fitch.  The  pres- 
ent pastor.  Rev.  'William  Powell,  has  t)tticiated 
since  1873.  The  officers  of  the  society  are  Will- 
iam J.  Jarrett,  senior  warden,  and  George  V. 
Hawkins,  junior  warden.  The  present  memljer- 
ship  is  about  twenty,  and  a  Sunday  School  is 
maintained. 

MILL. 

A  grist-mill,  on  section  2ii.  nu  Mill  Ci-eek.  is  llic 
(iiUy  establishment  of  the  kind  in  the  tdun.  It 
was  built  by  Dr.  Kathan  Stanton  in  istil .  and  be- 
gan to  run  in  1862.  Isaac  Crow  bought  the  mill 
the  next  year,  and  operated  it  until  his  death, 
which  occuiTed  in  1872.  James  Till  bought  it 
of  the  lieirs,  and  sold  it  in  1878  to  its  present 
owner,  J.  Balme.  It  lias  two  runs  of  stone,  and 
has  used  water  power  wholly  until  within  three 
years.  Low  water  has  since  compelled  the  par- 
tial use  of  steam. 

STORES,  HOTELS,  E']'C. 

The  first  store  in  town  was  built  l)y  llnwe  iV 
Dunn,  at  the  proposed  village  of  Hennepin,  in 
I.S.54.  In  tlie  same  year  a  building  was  erected 
near  the  mill,  for  the  double  purpose  of  store  and 
hotel,  Ijy  Mr.  Dudley.  The  property  soon  passed 
into  the  hands  of  A.  I.  Apgar.  He  kept  open 
the  hotel  but  closed  the  store,  and  it  continued 
thus  until  destroyed  by  fire  in  1867.     A  small 


store  was  also  opened  in  the  fall  of  1880  at  the 
station,  by  Jacob  Rankins.  A  postofiice  was  es- 
tablished in  18-54,  with  J.  Staring  as  first  post- 
master. Mr.  Staring  held  the  office  fourteen 
years.  His  son,  M.  S.  Staring,  carried  the  mail 
to  and  from  Rloomington.  This  was  six  miles 
distant,  and  the  nearest  point  on  the  old  stage 
line.  He  made  weekly  trips  for  eighteen  months, 
I  and  received  for  his  services  for  the  entire  time, 
twelve  dollars.  This  office  is  kept  at  present  by 
H.  Goodrich,  whd  alsn  has  a  store,  established 
nine  \'ears  ago. 

HAILl;U.\DS. 

Tlie  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  railroad  enters 
the  town  on  the  iKirtli.  near  the  northwest  corner 
of  section  3,  and  passes  out  at  the  southwest, 
through  section  30.  The  depot  is  situated  near 
the  middle  of  the  town,  on  section  17.  A  second 
postotfice  is  located  near  the  depot,  called  'NVash- 
buni.  The  track  of  this  road  was  laid  and  the 
station  built  in  November,  1871.  The  first  agent 
was  R.  O.  Reed,  who  continued  until  June  16th. 
1.S72.  when  the  present  agent  took  the  position. 
^Viiother  railroad,  the  Hastings  \:  Dakota  Cut 
Off.  passes  through  the  n<u-tliwestern  part  of  the 
tiiwu.  built  iu  IS.so. 

STATIST]  CS. 

Total  mmiber  of  acres  in  the  township.  19,783. 
Assessed  valuation  of  land  in  1869,  S87,373;  in 
1.S7.5.  S174,766;  hi  1880, 8266,303.  Personal  prop- 
erty in  1869,  826,737;  in  1875,  830,116;  in  1880, 
838,293.  Total  taxes  in  1869,  82,314;  in  187-5, 
82,486;  in  1880,  82,412.  Horses  over  two  years 
old  in  1 869,  1.56;  in  1875, 230;  in  1880, 284.  Cattle 
over  two  years  old  in  1869,  448;  in  1875,  564;  in 
1880,  498.  Sheep  iu  1869,  -500;  in  1875,  112;  in 
1880,  391.  Hogs  iu  1869.  125;  in  1875,  112;  in 
1880,  313.  Wheat  in  1869,  22,593  bushels;  in 
1875,  28.107  bushels;  in  1880.  acreage.  3,-509. 
The  population  by  the  census  of  1880  is  749. 

BUKiUAPIIR  AL. 

Pniuiineut  among  the  early  settlers  here  are 
the  ^Uidersons.  three  generations  of  whom  are 
now  living  in  the  town,  and  number  upwards  of 
one  hundred.  Robert  Anderson  was  born 
in  Knocknabossett.  county  Cavan,  Ireland,  in 
1824.  Remained  with  his  father  until  the  age 
of   twenty-six,   being   employed   in    millhig  ami 


234 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


farming.  In  ISoO  came  to  America,  arriving  at 
(ialena.  Illinois.  November  oth.  where  he  spent 
four  years  farming.  Came  to  Miniiesula.  .Viiril. 
1.S.54.  lirst  sl()])iiiiig  in  151(ii)niingii)n.  then  In  Eden 
Prairie  where  he  has  since  resided.  Feliruarv. 
IK-ili.  married  Miss  Mary  .7.  Hill,  daughter  of 
John  an<l  Kli/alxth  Hill,  of  Ireland.  From  this 
union  nine  children  were  horn:  Tho.se  now  liv- 
ing: John  II..  Samuel  (i..  Itohert  J..  Mar> 
J.,  Amia  K..  .loseiOi  ^I..  Margaret  7i.  and 
Agnes  K.  AVlien  he  caiui'  to  this  region  there 
was  hut  line  stun-  in  Minneaiwlis  on  the  west 
side,  and  u(i  sittiir  between  Fort  Snelling  and 
IJIoonMugton  t'xtcpt  liev.tiideon  II.  Pond  and  one 
French  family.  Int<i  this  wilderness  he  Inought 
his  family  by  wa\  of  the  Minnesota  River  on  the 
rickety  little  steamer  lola.  This  little  craft  be- 
came i)artially  disabled  on  the  way  uj).  obliging 
the  passengers  to  carry  \mhm1  and  water  to  keep 
her  in  motion.  This  ]>astime  was  indulged  in 
several  times  during  the  journey  from  St.  Paul, 
to  the  general  annoyaiu-e  of  the  passengers.  Mr. 
Anderson  has  been  prominent  in  matters  of  ed- 
ucation. temperan<c  and  cliiistiaiiit> :  now  hasa 
son  in  tlie  I'niversity  litting  for  the  ministry. 

William  .\nderson  was  born  January  1st.  1887. 
ill  North  Ireland.  When  sixteen  years  old.  his 
father,  a  jirospenuis  cottager  and  mill  owner. 
ilied.  and  in  ls.')4  ^ViIliam  came  with  the  family 
to  America,  settling  in  .1"  Davies  ciiunl> .  Illinois, 
where  he  attended  sclioul  one  year,  tlieu  went  to 
Galena  to  work  in  a  store,  where  be  lemained 
until  the  fall  of  IH.j.'i.  when  he  came  to  Minnesota 
crossing  the  Mississiiipi  at  F(Ut  Snelling.  and 
went  to  Eden  Prairie.  His  mother  made  a  home- 
stead claim  of  the  farm  he  now  occupies,  on  sec- 
tion l:i  and  II.  wheif  she  lived  to  see  the  third 
genei'Mtinn  nf  lier  lamils  :  Ki:-!  graudcliildri'U  and 
18  great  grandchildren.  She  died  in  .March.  I.STS. 
William  Anderson  married  .Miss  Uachel  .Mitchell. 
.\|iril  JHlh.  I.N.")S.  Thc\\  have  elcNcn  children; 
Harvey.  Martha  .\..  Li/zie  H..  Iila  K..  Fannie, 
Loretta  H..  Jemui-  L..  Julia  .M..  .\lfreil  W..  Ar- 
thur II.  H.,  and  .Mice  P.  He  has  been  active  in 
eilucational  and  religious  matters  and  largely  in- 
terested in  the  erection  of  the  three  churches  in 
the  township.  Was  one  of  a  few  who  hewed  and 
hauled  the  logs  for  the  liist  school-house  in  his 
(liatrict,  in  IHotS.  Two  of  liis  children  are  now 
attending  the  High  School  in  Minneapolis. 


James  Anderson  was  born  in  the  same  town 
in  Ireland,  as  his  brothere  Robert  and  "William. 
His  early  life,  like  that  of  his  brothers,  was  de- 
voted to  milling  and  farming.  In  ]s.52  he  came 
to  America.  Lived  one  year  in  Hanover,  Illinois. 
In  ls.")3  came  to  Minnesota  and  located  where  he 
has  since  lived,  on  section  14.  In  common  with 
other  iiioneer  settlers,  he  staked  out  his  "claim." 
which  he  subsecpientlv  secured  by  pre-emption 
and  entry.  In  the  sjiring  of  ls.5t  brought  his 
family  from  Illinois,  coming  from  St.  Paul  on  the 
steamer  lola.  Was  married  February  2tith.  1852, 
to  Miss  Sarah  Hicks,  of  Cavan  c(mnty,  Ireland. 
Have  had  nine  children.  Robert  II..  Kli/.a  .1.. 
.John  W..  Thomas.  .Matilda.  Janu's.  David  H.. 
Robert,  and  a  son  who  died  in  infancy. 

.John  II.  Anderson  was  born  at  Camp  Creek. 
nearCialena.  Illinois.  XoviMuber  7th.  18.")(l.  When 
four  yea'S  of  age  he  came  with  his  parents  to 
Kden  Prairie  and  remained  with  his  father  until 
the  age  of  twenty-three,  receiving  a  common 
school  education,  willi  one  term  at  the  graded 
school  in  l-lxcelsior.  Mari'ied  .Iauuar\  I'd.  1874. 
to  Miss  Ida  F...  dauglilei-  of  Aai'on  and  .M.-ililda 
(iould.  Has  two  children,  luiward  W..  and  .len- 
nie  (i.  (_)wns  a  good  farm  one  mile  east  of  Kden 
Prairie  station. 

William  ^'.  lJi>ant.  for  manv  years  a  resident 
of  Ivlen  Prairie,  was  born  in  Saco.  York  county. 
Maine,  March  21st.l821.  Is  a  lineal  descendant 
of  Slejihen  I5r>anl.  of  the  old  Pl\ mouth  colonies, 
and  of  the  same  family  line  with  William  Cullen 
ISryant.  His  father,  .lolin  Ihvaiit.  was  a  seafar- 
ing man.  and  died  in  ISLlii.  .\t  the  age  of  thir- 
teen. Williaui  went  to  Salem  and  learneil  the  sad- 
dlers' trade,  remaining  until  18;-!ii.  then  sought 
adventure  upon  the  ocean,  his  lirst  service  being 
with  Commodoi'e  .M.  ('.  Periy.  of  the  steamer 
Fulton,  the  lirst  steamer  built  by  the  l".  S.  gov- 
ernmi'iit.  .\lso  sailed  on  the  ships  .Vdiniral  and 
Henry  Clay:  was  three  years  on  the  whaler 
.\meri<'a.  in  Pulaski  Iia> .  Prussian  possessions. 
During  eighteen  \cars  of  ocean  life,  visited  many 
places  of  lii^Ioiic  interest.  sailiTig  aroinnl  the 
world,  and  encouidering  many  thrilling  a<lven- 
tnres  and  reiuaikable  i)reservation'>.  In  1H.52, 
abandoned  ocean  life,  and  in  May.  was  marrieil  to 
.Miss  Hannah  Sheiiherd.of  l!ost<in.  .Mass.  Six  chil- 
dren have  been  bmii  to  iliou:  Sarali  1...  lilanclie 
M..  Mavlha    A.,  William    M..  Hose    .\..:iiid  .lolui 


EDEN  PEAIRIE-BIOGBAPHICAL. 


235 


M.,  only  four  of  wliom  are  living.  Came  to  St. 
Paul  in  July,  1Ko2;  remained  one  year,  then 
removed  to  St.  Anthony,  remaining  there  for 
eight  months,  tlien  removed  to  his  present  loca- 
tion. 

Nathaniel  Brown  has  been  a  resident  of  Min- 
nesota since  185.5,  and  of  Hennepin  county  since 
1874.  Was  born  in  Franklin  county,  X.  Y.,  Nov. 
9th,  1825,  and  in  early  childhood  accompanied 
his  parents  to  Indiana,  from  which  place  the 
family  removed  to  Fulton  county,  Illinois,  in 
1k4(I.  Soon  after  this,  his  fatherdied  and  he  went 
with  the  family  to  Des  Moines  county,  Iowa,  where 
he  remained  on  a  farm  for  about  nine  years.  March 
10th.  1853,  married  Miss  Harriet  N.  Van  Nice. 
Have  had  eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing: Kosa  Belle,  Stephen  E.,  Frank  A.,  Clara  L.. 
Sadie,  Oscar  II.,  and  Charles  L.  He  entered  the 
army  in  18<U.  enlisting  in  Co.  A.,  -tth  Minn.  Inf. 
Veterans.  Was  with  the  regiment  through  Sher- 
man's march  to  the  sea.  Received  his  discharge 
at  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  1865.  Returned  to  his 
family  in  Scott  county,  where  he  had  removed 
from  Iowa  in  1855,  remained  there  until  187-!:, 
when  he  sold  his  farm  and  located  at  his  present 
place. 

.James  A.  Brown,  is  a  native  of  Cavan  county. 
Ireland,  where  he  was  born,  July  8,  1849.  His 
father,  who  was  a  farmer,  kept  him  at  school 
until  sixteen  years  of  age.  In  the  fall  of  1866 
the  family  came  to  America,  locating  near  (ialena, 
Illinois,  and  the  following  year,  removed  to  Eden 
Prairie.  In  1875,  bought  the  farm  he  now  lives 
on,  live  miles  east  of  Shakopee.  on  the  north 
bank  of  the  Minnesota  river.  Married  iliss 
Mary  A.  Dean,  March  21,  1877;  have  two  chilil- 
ren,  Edward  J.  and  William  R.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Brown  are  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church 
and  take  a  lively  interest  in  educational  matters. 

William  O.  Collins,  who  figures  conspicuously 
in  the  early  history  of  Eden  Prairie,  is  a  native 
of  Canada.  Was  born  December  6, 1812.  I'ntil 
eighteen  years  of  age  remained  with  his  parents, 
on  the  farm,  and  when  twenty  years  of  age  went 
to  Vermont,  remaining  there  one  year,  then  to 
New  York,  learning  the  carpenter's  trade,  fol- 
lowing it  for  two  years.  Keturned  to  Canada 
and  married  Miss  Isabella  Latta,  December  27. 
1836.  Of  eight  children  the  result  of  this  union, 
three  are  now  living.     Entered  the  British  annv 


in  18.37,  during  the  Rebellion  in  Canada,  and 
remained  in  her  ilajesty's  service  two  years. 
Removed  to  Massachusetts  in  1842,  remained  two 
years,  went  back  to  Canada  where  lie  remained 
until  1854.  when  he  sought  a  home  in  the  West, 
locating  in  Hennepin  county  in  18.55,  on  the  farm 
where  he  now  lives.  In  1866  his  buildings,  valued 
at  S3.000.  were  destroyed  by  fire.  Mr.  Collins 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  ?].  Church  and  still  active 
in  all  pubUc  affairs. 

James  Clark  was  born  .March  17. 1836,  in  Don- 
egal county.  Ireland,  and  came  with  his  parents 
to  America  in  1843.  Tlie  journey  here  was  one 
(jf  extreme  peril,  and  well-nigh  proved  fatal. 
The  steamer  they  embarked  on.  encountered  a 
severe  storm  and  was  beached  on  the  Isle  of  Man  : 
sailed  to  Liverpool,  and  from  there  to  America, 
landing  at  New  York.  August  1843,  located  in 
Brooklyn,  where,  after  leaving  school,  James  was 
engaged  in  carpenter  work  until  1855,  when  the 
family  came  to  Minnesota,  settling  in  Eden 
Prairie.  James  remained  in  St.  Paul,  at  his  trade 
for  about  two  years,  after  which  he  went  to  New 
York  and  in  1861  married  ^liss  Prudence  Sterritt, 
wlio  bore  him  ten  children,  all  living  except  one. 
Returned  to  ^Minnesota  in  1862,  and.  leaving  his 
famil>  here,  went  South  and  was  employed  at  his 
trade  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department  of 
Maj.  tieneral  Thomas"  command.  I71  1864.  went 
to  Illinois  in  the  employment  of  the  Chicago  and 
Alton  R.  R.  Co.  April  1865.  went  to  St.  Louis, 
and  Sedalia,  ^Missouri,  returning  to  his  family  in 
October.  In  1868  went  to  Tennessee,  remained 
there  sixteen  months.  After  the  death  of  his 
father,  in  1878,  he  settled  on  the  old  homestead, 
where  he  has  since  remained. 

John  Cavanaugh  was  born  in  King's  comity. 
Ireland,  June,  1831,  and  lived  with  his  father  un- 
til twenty-two  years  of  age ;  came  to  America ; 
spent  one  year  on  Long  Island,  then  tiied  the 
fortunes  of  the  sea,  sailing  on  the  "  James  Ad- 
gers  "  and  the  •'  Nashville,"  jilying  between  South 
CaroUna  and  New  York.  After  this,  spent  two 
years  at  Cooperstown,  and  in  1857  came  to  St. 
Paul ;  from  there  to  Shakopee,  where  he  remained 
eighteen  months.  18-58,  married  Miss  Ellen  Mo- 
riarty.  Twelve  children  have  been  born  to  them. 
The  living  are  George  S.,  John  R.,  Henry,  Marj- 
L.,  James  O.,  Charles  A.,  Eugene  F.,  and  Ellen 
A.     In  1858,  purchased  the  farm  where  he  now 


236 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


lives,  which  is  pleasantly  situated  north  of  Lake 
Hiley. 

William  !•".  Iliilhert  was  liorn  in  Pittsliehi. 
Miiliij^'an.  in  ISHT  :  removed  with  Ids  parents  to 
Ann  Arbor  in  ls.")4;  attended  school  one  year, 
then  enfraRcii  in  farniinir  until  1861.  when  he 
came  to  Kden  I'rairie.  and  hoiifjlit  a  tract  of  land. 
In  the  fall  ri'tunn'il  to  Michigan,  and  in  Decem- 
ber. lS(iS.  married  .Miss  Rachel  Booth,  of  Lodi, 
.Michii;an.  who  has  borne  him  two  children.  Has 
lieeu  Mi-tivc  in  ciliicalioual  matters,  and  several 
times  a  member  of  the  town  board.  His  pleas- 
ant farm  residence,  is  about  one  mile  from  the 
station  of  Kilen  I'rairie. 

AVilliaiu  J.  .larrett  was  burn  September  14lli. 
1s2:h.  in  Leliiirh  county.  Pennsylvania:  attended 
the  Moravian  school  indil  fifteen  years  of  ajje. 
In  1.S3S.  removed  to  Allcntown.  and  eni;ajj;ed  in 
farming  imtil  1840  i  went  to  I'hilailelidna  as  cur- 
rier, for  a  short  time:  Ihence  to  Mauch  Chunk, 
following  the  same  trade  until  the  spring  of  18-57. 
when  lif  came  to  St.  .Vnthony.  and  engaged  with 
bis  biothcr  in  llic  .larrett  House,  for  a  short  time  : 
llicncc  1(1  Kden  I'lairic.  While  in  Pennsylvania, 
married  .Miss  Susan  Delwiler.  of  Mauch  Chunk: 
has  had  six  children,  live  of  whom  are  living. 
Has  been  a  been  a  nicndicr  of  the  town  bo:ird 
several  times. 

H.  K.  Lowell.  i>  a  natixe  of  .New  Hampshire. 
Hiiin  in  Sullivan  imuit).  February  Ulh.  'I'o.  Kc- 
ceivedan  acadiMnii-  cilni-alicui.  attending  school  at 
West  l{o>  Islon.  and  completed  his  studies  at  Wil- 
brahani.  .Mas^.  Was  principal  of  the  .Vcademy  at 
Colebrook.  CI.,  tor  Iwn  yi-ars.  In  !s')S  came  to 
Hudson. Wis.,  thence  to  SI.  Paul.w  here  lie  engaged 
in  dairy  business  with  L.  C.  Collins.  In  the  spring 
of  l.s.'>4  he  made  a  homestea<l  claim  in  Carver  coun- 
ty, in  the  town  of  Clianlias^en.  ami  engaged  in 
farming  and  stock-raising  until  Isiiii:  sold,  and 
moved  to  K.xcelsior.  spendiiLg  six  yearsin  the  em- 
ploy of  the  Norlliwcsterii  Life  Insurance  Co. 
Then  wiMil  to  I  ruil-giow  ing.  .\lter  a  few  years 
of  experimental  culture,  enlaiged  his  business  by 
pnri-liasing  the  farm  on  which  he  now  lives,  oiu' 
and  it  half  nnles  southwest  from  Kden  Praire 
Station.  Planted  ten  acres  to  trees.  an<I  hasbeen 
very  successful  in  develdpltig  some  choice  varie- 
ties of  apples  and  small  fruits.  .\Iarrie<l.  in  18."):!. 
Mis.s  Maria  Ib.liuau.  ul  Wilbrabam.  .Mas>.  lla.l 
live  chilihcu.  I'nur  iinw  li\  ing. 


'       Andrew  AV.  Mitchell  was  born  in  Bally  Bay. 

,  Monaghan  county.  Ireland.  February  14th,  1831. 
Came  with  his  father's  family  to  .Vmerica  in  1852, 

I   arriving  at  \ew Orleans  May  1st.  Came  from  there 

I  to  .St.  .\ntbiin.\  b\  steamer.  In  .Inly  his  father 
made  claims  in  Kden  Prairie,  upon  which  they 
settled  in  the  fall.  His  father  died  January  1(1. 
18()6.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  married 
Septendier  lu.  ls.")T.  to  Miss  Francis  Anderson. 
They  have  live  children.  Klizaljeth  A..  Andrew 
W.  Jr..  Martha  J..  Fanny  and  Henry  II.  Theii' 
ideasant  rural  home  is  in  the  central  part  of  the 
town,  and  north  of  Staring  Lake. 

Thomas  Ohm.  was  born  in  tiermany.  February 
loth.  18JU.  lived  with  his  parents  until  the  age  of 
lifteen.  and  i-ame  to  .\lnerica  in  'fs.  stojijied  in  Mil- 
waukee a  short  time;  thence  to  (ialena,  Illinois, 
w  here  he  rem.iiued  for  two  years.  Came  to  Min- 
nesota m  18.51  :  Iniateil  in  Carver  county,  after- 
wards removed  to  ICden  Prairie.  Was  married 
June.  ls.")ii.  1(1  .\liss  .\lar,\  Basler  of  Illinois. 
They  have  had  ele\en  diildren  :  si\  arc  now 
living;  ('has.  T..  .Mar\  .\..  .\Ured  II.,  .b.hn  II.. 
Mary  .M..  and  .\inia  L.  He  enlisted  .\ugnst. 
18ii4.  in  Compaux  F.  llth  .Minnesota  \'oluuteers. 
was  in  (Jeueial  Thomas' con  in  land  eleven  months: 
retuiiic(l  in  1s(l."i.  when  be  Mild  his  farm  in 
Carver  county  and  liought  land  adjoiniUL;  his 
Kden  Prairie  home  on  section  u. 

"William  li.  1 'a inc.  was  bill  n  in  Soiueisel  conut)  . 
.Maine,  September  loth.  Isl  I.  He  li\e(l  with  his 
father,  and  attended  schdul  until  he  rcacheil  the 
age  of  twenty-diie.  In  Is.Vi.  he  came  to  Minne- 
sota, and  pre-empted  the  laiiii  (hi  which  his  son 
Ezra  now  lives.  Ilehasdwned  several  tracts  of 
land   in   Kden   i'rairie.     lu   March,  islo.  he  was 

marrieil   to   Miss    Ibisanna    Keniiilou,  of  .Maine: 

1 

^    she  (lie(l  in  IsiiS.     Tlie\  had  six  children,  three  ot 

wlioni  are  now  living. 

I'eter  Uitcliie.  was  born  in  (  anada,  ( )ctoliei'  lU. 
1828.  \{  the  age  of  t  w  cnt> -t  wo.  went  to  Collin- 
wood  and  engageil  In  mercautih-  bnsiiicss.  then 
removed  to  Pickering,  and  established  a  w  hole- 
sale  cigar  house.  Married  Miss  Margaret  Kidd 
in  I8.)4.  Have  had  eight  children,  seven  of  wlioni 
are  living.  Came  to  St.  Paul  in  the  tall  of  18.5(t, 
I  remaineil  there  during  the  winter,  then  sealed  in 
what  is  now  .\ctoii.  .Meeker  county,  which  town 
he  iiauieil.  This  town  has  since  become  noted  as 
liie  jilace  where  the  liist    lilood   was  shed  in   the 


EB^y  PRAIRIE  -BIOGRAPHICAL. 


237 


Iniliaii  massarre  of  1862.  Went  to  Canada  this 
year  on  account  of  the  Indian  outrages,  and  re- 
turned in  1864.  Lived  in  Scott  comity  six  years. 
Kented  the  farm  lie  has  since  bonglit,  situated  on 
Minnesota  river,  where  lie  does  quite  a  freigliting 
business,  using  liis  own  barge. 

Matthew  O.  lliley  was  borii  in  Ireland  in  \¥,\W. 
Attended  school  until  fifteen  years  of  age.  Came 
to  America  in  the  spring  of  1S4;J.  Worlted 
ill  a  cotton  factory  in  Lowell,  Massachusetts;  also 
on  the  Meredith  Bridge  pnlilic  works.  Then 
to  farming  in  Massachusetts  until  l«o2,  wlieu  he 
came  to  Minnesota.  Went  from  SI.  Paul  to  Sauk 
Rapids  on  the  steamer  (xovernor  Hanisey.  Ke- 
turned  to  St.  Anthony,  spending  some  time  in 
the  St.  ('liarles  Hotel,  then  running  a  ferry-boat 
at  Fort  Snelling.  In  18o3  located  where  he  now 
lives.  Married  Miss  Elizabeth  Austin,  July  22d, 
1858.  Had  five  children,  three  now  living:  James 
F..  Elizabeth,  and  Margaret.  JSIr.  Riley  is  one 
of  the  oldest  settlers  of  the  county. 

Jonas  Staring,  born  in  Herkimei'  county,  New 
York,  May  (ith,  1809.  His  fatherdied  when  he  was 
eight  years  old,  and  the  family  located  in  Lewis 
(tounty.  New  York,  where  he  followed  farming 
for  ten  years.  Carried  on  a  grocery  for  two  years 
at  Little  Falls,  New  Y'ork.  Went  to  boating  on 
tlie  Erie  canal,  captain  of  the  Erin,  a  freight  and 
passenger  lioat.  Bought  and  run  the  packet  boat 
Ann  Allen,  four  seasons.  Sold  out,  went  to  In- 
diana, and  run  a  boat  on  the  Wabash  &  Erie 
canal.  His  health  failing  he  returned  to  New 
York.  At  I'tica  he  established  a  large  clothing 
house,  employing  880  persons.  Came  to  Minne- 
sota in  ]8.")4,  l)ouglit  his  present  location,  built  a 
house,  the  first  frame  in  the  town,  and  soon 
moved  his  family  here.  Married  Miss  Hannah 
De  Voe  in  1833.  Had  five  cliildren,  two  now 
living:  Myron  S.  and  Mary  A. 

John  H.  Staring  w-as  born  in  Martinsburgli, 
N.  Y.,  August  26th,  ^830.  At  nine  years  of  age, 
removed  to  Jefferson  county,  where  he  remained 
until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  Went  as  sailor 
<in  the  lirigs  '-Manchester,"  "Northern  Light  " 
and  "New  York."'  Came  to  Eden  I'rairie  in 
18.56,  remaining  there  for  five  years,  and  in  ^lin- 
neapolis  one  year.  Married  Miss  Margaretta 
Brewster.  April  28th,  1861,  by  whom  he  had 
nine  children,  six  now  living:  Matilda  M.,  Net- 
tie F.,  Cora  A.,  Ada  M.,  Sarah  J.  and  Jolm  H. 


Barnard  C.  Stewart  was  born  in  St.  Louis.  Mo., 
Aug,  8,  "56,  His  father  came  to  ilimiesota  when 
Barnard  was  one  year  old  and  Iniught  the  farm 
on  which  he  now  lives  on  section  twenty-seven. 
Attended  school  until  eighteen.  November  12lh, 
1871).  married  Miss  Addie  Cooper,  of  Blooming- 
ton,     They  have  one  child,  Mary  J. 

G.  B.  Tirrell,  was  born  September  2')th,  I83ii. 
in  Androscoggin  county,  Maine.  He  received  his 
education  at  the  Lewiston  Fall  Acadeni>'.  At 
the  age  of  eighteen  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  in 
the  summer  of  1855,  taught  one  term  of  school  in 
St.  Anthony.  After  this,  he  came  to  Eden  Prairie, 
and  taught  the  first  winter  school  in  tlie  town, 
during  the  winter  of  1855-6.  In  the  fall  of  18.55. 
his  father  came  to  Edeii  Prairie,  and  pre-empted 
the  farm  now  owned  by  Chesley.  In  1 858,  he  went 
to  Shakopee,  began  the  study  of  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  iKir,  March,  186(1.  He  practiced 
with  L.  L.  Baxter,  in  Chaska,  and  in  1861  enlisted 
in  Company  C,  First  Minnesota  Infantry,  and 
served  until  discharged  for  disability,  in  1864. 

E.  A.  Tuckey  was  liorn  in  Chenango  county, 
N.  Y.,  August  17lli,  1826,  At  twenty-one  started 
for  the  North-west,  visiting  Detroit,  (."hicago. 
(ialena  and  ^Mackinaw,  Returned  to  New  York 
and  worked  at  the  carpenter  trade  until  he  came 
West  in  1855  and  settled  in  Scott  county.  Re- 
mained there  fourteen  years;  then  went  to  Lake 
Crystal  and  was  engaged  in  business  about  two 
years.  In  the  meantime,  bought  his  present  place 
on  section  twenty-seven,  Eden  Prairie.  Served 
three  years  in  Company  A.  Fourth  Minnesota  Vol- 
unteer Infantry,  participating  in  the  battles  of 
Corinth  and  luka,  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg, 
and  in  Sherman"s  marcli  to  the  sea.  Returned 
home  in  the  fall  of  1864.  Married  Miss  ^larcina 
Baxter,  of  Steuben  county,  N.  Y,,  in  1856.  Ten 
children  have  been  born  to  them,  eight  of  whom 
are  now  living:  Selali  P.,  Zella  M.,  Ann  M..  Emma 
M.,  Abbie  A..  Ida  R..  Edsou  N,  and  Harry  II, 

Jacob  Wolf  was  born  in  Prussia  in  1828,  and 
came  to  this  country  in  1847,  After  various  bus- 
iness ventures  in  the  East  he  visited  the  Noi-th- 
west  and  in  18.54  came  to  Minnesota  and  located 
on  his  present  farm  in  18.55,  Has  been  twice 
married,  his  union  with  his  present  wife  occurring 
in  1875.  Has  three  children  by  his  present  wife 
and  three  by  his  first.  His  residence  is  on  sec- 
tion twentv-six. 


23a 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


.MINXETONKA. 


CHAPTEK   XXXIX. 

GENERAL  DESCKIPTION— FIllST   SETTLEKS— OK- 
GANIZATION— POST   OFFICES— OFFICIAL    UOS- 

TER — VILLAGES   -    cnrKCIIES SOCIETIES- — 

SCHOOLS— HOTELS— MILLS— UAILROADS—BIO- 
GRAI'IIU  AL. 

Miiinetonka.  is  located  in  the  soutliein  part  of 
Hennepin  county,  and  was  covered  witli  a  heavy 
growth  of  timber  in  the  western  portinn  of  the 
town,  and  witli  a  lifiht  frrowth  of  underbrush  in 
the  eastern  part.  Tlie  .surface  is  rolling,  witli 
occasional  mounds  of  considerable  lieii;ht.  The 
soil  is  principally  a  sandy  loam,  while  in  some 
portions  of  the  eastern  part,  a  clay  loam  appears. 
.\  number  of  Lakes  are  scattered  ovci-  the  town, 
the  i)rinci])le  one  being  Shady  Oak  J.,ake.  which  is 
a  beautiful  body  of  water,  located  in  the  south- 
east part.  Ciray's  Lake,  a  large  body  of  water,  is 
located  on  Section  8,  in  the  north-western  part. 
Glenn  Lake,  in  the  southern  i)art  on  section  34, 
Crane  ]>ake.  in  the  norlh-easternpart  on  section  '2 
and  Shell  Lake  on  Section  14.  Wayzata  bay,  the 
eastern  arm  of  Lake  Minnetonka,  is  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  town,  and  many  line  cottages 
now  adorn  its  banks. 

FIRST   SETTLEMENT. 

The  lirst  settlers  in  the  town  were  Simon  Ste- 
vens and  James  Shaver,  Jr.,  who  came  in  the 
spring  of  ]M'2.  Mr.  Stevens  locating  on  section  lo. 
This  was  before  land  could  Ije  entered,  obliging 
Mr.  Shaver  and  Mr.  Stevens  to  build  a  shanty  and 
occupy  it  to  hold  possession,  until  sm<Ii  a  lime  as 
they  could  legally  enter  and  secure  it.  On  ac- 
count of  a  valuable  mill  site,  Mr.  Shaver  located 
his  claim  on  sections  17  and  Its,  on  the  south  shore 
of  Wayzala  Hay.  Mrs.  James  Shaver  was  the 
lirst  white  woman  in  the  towiL  Later  in  the 
year,  came  Jumcs  Mountain,  M re.  Mary  Gordon 
and   live  sons.  .John  Mi(!alpih,  (Ji'orgc  Audi'ews, 


and  Jiilni  IJnurgeois.  Mrs.  Gordon  settled  on 
what  is  now  the  county  poor  farm.  James  Moun- 
tain, after  remaining  a  short  time,  sold  his  claim 
and  left.  George  Andrew-s  sold  his  claim  early 
the  following  s|)ring  to  Mr.  J.  P.  ^Miller. 

Mr.  Hourgeois  and  Mr.  ^IcGaljiiu  built  a  shanty 
on  the  east  shore  of  Wayzatii  bay.  on  a  sjiot  now 
known  as  "Bourgeois'  Mound.""  There  they 
remained  until  the  spring  of  18o8,  when  they 
moved  into  what  aftciwaids  became  the  village 
of  Minnetonka. 

Here  Mr.  Hourgeois  built  the  lirst  blacksmith 
shop  west  of  St.  Anthony.  That  .same  sjiriug 
Simon  Stevens,  Calvin  Tuttle,  Horace  Webster 
and  others  Ijegan  the  erection  of  a  saw  mill, 
which  they  completed  and  had  in  oiieralioii  that 
fall,  on  the  site  now  occupied  by  the  Minnetonka 
Mills. 

Mrs.  James  Shaver,  the  pioneer  woman  of  the 
town,  did  the  cooking  for  the  men  who  worked 
on  the  mill.  From  the  Hth  of  November,  1852, 
until  tlie:i4th  of  Jan.,  18o3,  she  never  saw  a  white 
woman.  .Vt  that  time  Mr.  O.  E.  (Jarrison  and 
A.  H.  Kobinson  came  with  their  families  and 
.settled  on  the  present  site  of  M'ayzata.  Mr.  Rob- 
inson building  his  shanty  on  the  spot  where  the 
Arlington  House  now  slands.  Later  in  1853, 
came  Mr.  J.  P.  Miller.  Pascal  SpalTonl.  W.  S. 
Cliowcu,  W.  r..  Harrington.  A.  S.  (iray.  Samuel 
Hartow.  Horace  Webster.  1{.  K.  ,McKinney.  and 
I).  E.  Dow.  Pascal  SpalTord  built  the  secon<l 
building  in  the  village  of  Minnetonka.  ami  occu- 
liied  it  as  a  store,  which  was  the  lirst  store  in 
the  town.  Some  nl  llic  early  settlers  have 
left  the  town,  among  whom  are  O.  E.  (Jarrison. 
now  in  St.  Clond,  Simon  Stevens  at  Clearwater, 
Horace  Webster  near  the  same  place,  Calvin  Tut^ 
tie  at  Two  liivers.amnv.  B.  Harrington  who  died 
at  Ilutehiusiiu.  McEeod  county  several  years  ago. 
.Mii>t  III'  the  ntheis  aic  still  li\ing  in  the  town. 
Manv   iiii-iilenls  enunertcil  uitli  the  eaih  hislors 


MINNETONKA— ORGANIZATION. 


239 


of  the  town  miglit  be  mentioned  would  the 
limits  of  this  work  permit.  One,  however, 
is  deserving  of  special  notice.  The  Indian 
chief,  Little  Six,  and  his  band  of  braves, 
cami)ed  on  "Wayzata  Bay.  near  the  present 
site  of  Wayzata  village,  during  the  winter  of  1852 
and  1853,  returning  every  winter  following  until 
the  outbreak  of  the  Sioux  in  1862.  Although  they 
were  not  considered  particularly  dangerous,  they 
were  a  constant  source  of  aunojance  on  account 
of  their  begging  and  pilfering  propensities.  Lit- 
tle Six  was  considered  an  exemplary  Indian,  who 
was  cleanly,  manly  and  brave,  but  his  son.  Little 
Six,  as  frequently  happens  with  the  sons  of  white 
sires,  was  of  a  different  type.  He  was  a  drunken, 
worthless  vagaljond.  Let  him  see  a  bottle,  and  a 
demand  for  it  was  immediately  in  order,  no  mat- 
ter what  was  in  it,  especially  if  it  was  in  the 
possession  of  a  woman.  This  was  the  fatal  snare 
he  fell  into,  after  the  massacre.  Knowing  this 
habit,  a  bottle  was  drugged  and  given  to  a  woman 
who  lived  where  he  was  supposed  to  be  sure  of 
visiting.  lie  came,  saw  the  bottle,  demanded  it, 
and  eagerly  drank  of  its  contents  and  was  soon 
under  the  influence  of  the  drug,  wlieu  lie  was 
secured  and  afterwards  hung  with  ■  Medicine 
Bottle  "  at  Fort  Snelling. 

In  the  spring  of  1S54.  settlement  became  more 
rapid,  and  the  town  Ijegan  to  take  on  the  appear- 
ance of  civilization.  As  each  new  settler  came, 
he  added  strength  to  the  number,  as  well  as  in- 
creasing its  material  prosperity.  One  remarkable 
as  well  as  pleasing  feature  in  connection  with  the 
history  of  this  town,  is  the  fact  that  the  people 
have  very  little  use  fora  -lusticeof  the  Teaee,  or  a 
Constable.  Their  otflce  has  been  almost  entirely 
nominal. 

The  first  white  children  born  in  the  town  were 
Bayard  T.  and  Bernard  G.  Shaver,  twin  sons  of 
James  and  Sarah  C.  Shaver,  in  August.  1853. 
Bayard  teaches  school  in  the  winter  and  works  on 
the  farmer  in  the  summer.  Bernard  is  a  carpen- 
ter and  joiner.  No  more  births  occurred  until 
February  1855,  when  S.  M.  Bartow  was  born. 

The  first  death  occurred  in  .June.  ISoo:  that  of 
Mr.  'Waters,  who  had  just  arrived  with  his  family 
from  Pemisylvania,  having  contracted  the  cholera 
on  board  the  boat  upon  which  he  took  passage. 
It  occurred  about  a  week  after  his  arrival.  Like 
all  new  communities,  the  people  heartilv  sympa- 


thized with  his  bereaved  family,  doing  all  they 
could  to  ameliorate  their  sad  condition.  Nearly 
the  entire  population  attended  the  funeral.  The 
coffin  was  made  by  ]Mr.  A.  X.  Gray,  and  the  body 
buried  in  Groveland  Cemetery.  Ills  wife,  now 
living  in  Excelsior,  has  since  been  twice  mamed. 
A  few.  days  later  a  Mr.  Jordan  died  of  the  same 
disease,  and  soon  after  a  young  man  at  AVayzata, 
followed  in  a  few  days  by  tlie  mother  of  Mr.  O. 
E.  Garrison.  The  latter  death  was  caused  bj 
fright,  she  being  an  old  lady  and  quite  feeble. 

The  first  marriage  in  the  town,  was  Newton 
Sperry  to  Mm.  "Waters,  in  the  spring  of  1857.  at 
the  liou.se  of  AV.  S.  Chowen.  The  ceremony  was 
performed  by  James  Shaver.  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
he  being  the  first  one  to  hold  that  office  in  the 
town  previous  to  its  organization. 

The  first  citizen  of  the  town  elected  to  the  state 
legislature  was  W.  S.  Chowen,  who  was  elected 
in  the  fall  of  1S57.  and  served  until  March.  18-58. 

ORGANIZATION'. 

The  first  meeting  for  the  organization  of  the 
township  occurred  on  the  eleventh  of  May,  1858, 
at  what  was  then  the  Minnetonka  Hotel,  part  of 
which  is  now  the  residence  of  C.  II.  Burwell.  and 
Samuel  Bartow  was  chosen  chairman,  pro  tem., 
B.  :M.  Vanalstine.  clerk,  pro  tem.,  with  L.  W. 
Eastman  for  m<)derator.  On  motion,  it  was  voted 
unanimously,  that  ilinnetouka  be  the  name  of  the 
town.  The  electors  then  proceeded  to  ballot  for 
town  officers,  and  elected  for  Supervisors.  Fred- 
erick Bassett.  chairman,  B.  M.  "N'analstine  and 
J.  P.  Miller  :  Clerk,  George  ilcKinley ;  Assessor, 
L.  y\'.  Eastman  ;  Collector,  H.  R.  Eddy ;  Over- 
seer of  the  Poor,  John  McGann  ;  Constables,  M. 
B.  Stone,  A.  R.  Richards ;  Justices  of  the  Peace. 
A.  B.  Robinson,  J.  C.  Clay  :  Road  Overseer,  John 
McKenzie.  The  first  meetmg  of  the  board  was 
held  at  the  office  of  the  Town  Clerk,  in  the  vil- 
lage of  Minnetonka,  May  28th,  1858.  No  busi- 
ness of  importance  was  transacted,  and  they  ad- 
journed to  meet  June  21,  1858.  At  this  meeting 
the  road  districts  of  the  town  were  divided,  and 
numbered,  one.  two.  tliree,  and  four,  respectively. 
The  second  town  meeting  was  held  in  the  \illage 
of  Minnetonka,  April  5th,  1859,  at  the  Minne- 
tonka Hotel.  The  first  wagon  road  laid  out  by 
the  town,  was  called  the  Harrington  road.  It 
was  surveyed  by  B.  F.  Christleib,  and  reported 


24U 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


by  him  to  tlie  town  board.  January  21st,  1860. 
It  hp.i;aii  ;U  .f.  S.  Ilarringfton's  house,  near  the 
lake  shore,  and  ran  hi  a  northeasterly  <lireelinn. 
until  it  intersecte<l  the  Waterlown  road,  about  a 
mile  west  of  the  village  of  AVayzata. 

I'OST  OFFICES. 

The  tii-sl  post  oflicc  in  the  town  was  established 
at  Miiinetonka  early  in  the  year  of  1855,  and  Pas- 
cal SpalTord  ai>i)oiiite(l  the  first  postmaster. 
He  was  succeeded  liy  (ieorge  McKinley,  who 
held  it  until  IKfil.  when  .\.  1!.  Koljinson  was  ap- 
pointed, and  held  it  until  he  enlisted  in  the  army. 
Then  ("alvin  A.  Tuttle  was  appointed.  Late 
in  1W)4.  Thomas  ^lorse  was  appointed,  and  the 
oUice  was  moved  to  his  residence,  on  the  east  side 
of  section  17.  In  1867,  M.  A.  Page  was  appointed 
and  the  oflice  moved  liack  to  Minnetonka.  where 
it  has  since  remained.  E.  H.  I'erkins  was  ap- 
pointed ill  Ai>ril  ises.followicl  liy  II.  .M.  A'ronian 
in  1S70.  (ieoifie  lirownins;  in  1«74.  JI.  M.  Vrouian 
again  in  1H75  and  C.  II.  Ihirwell  in  187(i;  he  is  the 
Iiresent  postmaster. 

The  second  post  oflice  in  the  town  was  estab- 
lished at  Way/.ala  in  1S5.'>.  and  a  Mr.  Chapman 
appointed  postmaster,  witli  A.  ^^'.  Day.  deputy, 
who  subsei]uently  was  aiijiointed  imslniaster.  his 
wifeatlendiiif;  to  the  duties  of  llie  ollice.  Of  her, 
many  amusing  stories  are  told.  One  of  them  was, 
that  when  parties  called  for  their  mail,  the  old 
lady  would  rea<-li  down  into  the  cajiacious  depths 
of  her  jiocketand  draw  oiittheiiackage  of  letters, 
carefully  look  them  over  and  give  out  the  letters, 
if  any,  and  return  the  rest  to  her  "  petticoated "' 
post  otilce.  She  also  had  a  very  iiii|uisitive  mind. 
Well,  what  woman  lias  not?  I'articiilaiiy.  when 
an  iiiio|iciiril  leltcr  is  jiassjiig  through  her  hands. 
Wni.  Dudley  was  a|ipoiiile(l  to  llie  olliie  in  ls.")H, 
and  continiKMl  until  1hi;j.  when  it  was  discoiitin- 
iied.  Ill  Ilie  spring  of  181)5,  the  ollice  was  re- 
established and  named  Freeport.and  A.  O.  Mat- 
son  appointed  i«islmasler.  The  i)eopIe  doing 
business  through  the  ollice.  particularly  the  old 
settlers,  were  not  pleased  with  the  new  name,  and 
it  was  finally  changeil  to  Wayzata  again,  late  in 
I8tlti.  In  lsii7  .Mr.  ('.  1{.  Stimiisoii  wasappointed. 
and  remained  iiiilil  .Inly.  iMiii.  He  was  siicieeded 
b)  .J.  >.  llaniiiLrloii  in  IsTo.  .1.  T.  1  >ii(lle\  in  IsTl'. 
(i.  \V    llcdderh    III  1S7I:   NovenilMT   Hi.  isTI.  .\. 


K.  Richards:  May  8th,  1879,  G.  W.  Hedderly  was 
again  appointed,  and  now  holds  the  oflice. 

South  I'lymoiitli  jiost  olhce  was  established  soon 
after  the  ollice  at  Way/.ata  was  vacated,  and  located 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  east.  F.  A.  Clay  was 
appointed  jKistiiiastei'.  and  held  the  ollice  until  the 
re-establishiiicnt  of  the  olfK'e  at  Wayzata.  when 
the  Sontli  I'lyiiiiiiitli  olUce  was  discniitiiiiied. 

OFFICIAL    ROSTER. 

The  present  nlticers  for  the  town  are:  Super- 
visors. ^\'.  S.  Cliowcii.  1!.  F.  Keesling.  J.  U.Jack- 
son; Town  Clerk.  I).  M.  Burwell:  Treasurer.  G. 
M.  Burnes;  Assessor,  K.  AV.  Bartow;  Justices  of 
the  Peace,  D.  M.  Burwell,  J.  11.  Empenger;  Con- 
stable, F.  L.  Perkins. 

Population  of  the  township  of  Minnetonka.  in- 
cluding villages.  l.itTt.  It  contains  21,712  acres 
of  laiiil.  which  was  assessed  in  ISSO  at  S2S2.25-1. 
Town  lots,  S12.291.  The  assessed  valuation  of 
personal  property  for  the  same  year  was  !?41,683. 
Total  amount  of  taxes  for  1880,  SS.S17. 

VILLAGES. 

The  villai^e  of  Way/ata  is  located  in  the  uuitli- 
westeni  part  of  the  town,  on  the  Breckeiiridge 
division  of  the  St.  P..  M.  ^  M.  H.  H..  and  was 
laid  out  by  O.  E.  (Jarrisoii  in  ls.")4.  who  erected  a 
steam  saw-inill  and  run  it  about  a  year,  then  sold 
it  to  parties  who  took  it  down  and  moved  it.  Af- 
ter making  a  few  other  improvements,  he  sold  his 
interest  to  L.  C.  Walker,  a  non-resident,  who 
took  little  interest  in  the  village,  and  its  progress 
was  slow.  After  his  death  in  1H<)2,  the  property 
was  in  such  a  condition  that  it  could  not  be  sold 
until  a  few  years  ago.  Siiire  then  a  little  in- 
crease in  the  poimlation  has  been  made.  Has 
one  general  store  and  one  grocery  and  confection- 
ery store.  .Vrliiigtoii.  (ileasoii.  and  .Minnetonka 
Hotels,  open  only  lor  siiniiiier  \  isitors.  .V  tciii- 
jierance  society  was  organi/cd  In  IS77  with  about 
fifty  members.  There  is  a  line  school-house, 
which  was  erected  In  ls7n.  with  sixty  scholars 
attending.  The  lliini  sclmoj  in  the  town  was 
taught  here. 

The  village  of  .MiiiiielnnUii  was  laid  out  b\ 
Messrs.  Stevens.  Tiilllc  and  Wcli^li-r.  in  Is'il  on 
section  live.  The  platte<l  portion  of  it  comprises 
about  thirty -live  acres.  Only  a  few  buildings  oc- 
cupy the  platted  part,  most  of  them  liclng  Imllt 
on  land  o«  iieil  b\  the  .Miniietonka  .Mill  ('oniiiaii\ . 


MINNETOyKA— CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS,  ETC. 


241 


One  store  is  all  there  is  at  present.  It  is  located 
on  the  line  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Man- 
itoba Railroad.  The  Minnetonka  branch  of  the 
Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis,  runs  through  the  south 
part  of  the  village.  In  January,  1881.  Mr.  C.  M. 
Loring,  of  ^Minneapolis,  President  of  the  Minne- 
tonka Mill  Company,  donated  a  number  of  books 
and  magazines  to  the  people  of  the  village  for  the 
purpose  of  establishing  a  free  library,  with  J.  C. 
Emmet  for  librarian.  It  is  named  "  The  Lor- 
ing Library,"  and  is  located  in  the  office  of  the 
Minnetonka  Mill  Company. 

CHURCHES. 

St.  John's  Church,  Episcopal,  is  located  in  the 
west  of  Minnetonka  village,  and  was  built  by  the 
Rev.  J.  S.  Chamberlain,  a  pioneer  missionary,  in 
1858,  and  consecrated  by  Bishop  Kemper  at  that 
time.  In  18o7-'8  the  village  declined  and  with 
it  the  church.  In  November,  1872,  Rev.  Dr. 
Knickerbacker  took  hold  of  it,  bad  it  enlarged, 
re-modeled  and  painted.  It  was  consecrated  by 
Bishop  Whipple,  Dec.  2d,  1872.  Since  that  time 
services  have  been  maintained  twice  a  month. 
About  fifteen  families  are  connected  with  it.  and 
it  has  a  Sunday-school  of  about  thirty  members. 
D.  M.  Burwell,  superintendent. 

Bohemian  Catholic  Church.  This  structure 
was  begun  in  the  fall  of  1879,  and  located  on 
section  86.  Have  no  regular  preaching,  but  have 
readings  by  some  member  every  Sunday. 

Presbyterian.  The  protestant  element  of  the 
Bohemian  settlement,  have  regular  weekly  meet- 
ings at  the  houses  of  the  members.  J.  II.  Empen- 
ger  and  Frank  Bren  act  as  readers.  They  are 
now  preparing  to  build  a  church. 

.SOCIETIES. 

Minnetonka  Lodge  of  Good  Templars  was 
organized  in  1867  with  a  large  membership,  and 
was  one  of  the  prominent  lodges  of  the  county. 
It  has  been  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

Minnetonka  Grange  of  the  Patrons  of  Hus- 
bandry, Xo.  327,  was  organized  July  28tb,  187.3, 
with  W.  S.  Chowen,  M.;  Winslow  Baker,  O.;  E. 
R.  Perkins,  Led.,  C.  I).  Miller,  Steward;  II.  M. 
A'roman,  Assistant  Steward;  S.  R.  Churchill, 
Chaplain;  E.  Eidam,  Treasurer;  A.  E.  Shaver, 
Secretary ;  L.  S.  Iledderly.  Gate  Keeper  :  Ceres, 
Mrs.  J.  B.  Perkins;  Flora,  :Mrs.  M.  M.  Chowen  ; 

Pomona.   Mrs.   S.   C.   Shaver  ;    Lady  Assistant 
IB 


Steward,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Vroman.  The  membership 
is  now  forty-three.  Present  place  of  meeting, 
Groveland  schofd  house. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  house  in  the  town  was  built  in 
the  present  district  of  o8.  in  the  fall  of  1854,  and 
vvas  a  neat  log  structure.  20x24 feet.  First  school 
taught  in  the  summer  of  1855,  by  Miss  Mary  Car- 
man— had  about  ten  scholars,  now  have  sixty- 
five.  The  log  school  house  was  used  until  1871, 
when  the  present  one  was  built  across  the 
road  from  the  old  site.  It  is  24x30  ft.,  with  aseat- 
ing  capacity  for  sixty.  Costing  SI, 100.  The  second 
school  was  taught  in  Minnetonka  village  by  Miss 
Elizabeth  Hainer.  They  built  the  present  house 
in  the  fall  of  1875. 


Arlington  House,  Wayzata,  was  built  in  the 
spring  of  1880  by  Hyser  &  Brown,  at  a  cost  of 
825,000,  including  furniture  and  fixtures.  The 
main  building  is  42x150  feet,  with  a  wing  40x75. 
It  has  104  rooms  besides  parlors,  dining  rooms,  etc. 
with  a  capacity  for  150  guests  ;  occupies  a  beau- 
tiful site  on  the  north  shore  of  Wayzata  bay.  just 
east  of  the  village,  commanding  a  fine  view  of 
the  main  lake. 

Minnetonka  House,  located  in  the  central  part 
of  the  village  of  Wayzata,  was  built  in  1870,  by 
Henry  Maurer  and  William  Rockwell,  at  a  cost 
of  §3,500.  An  addition  w^as  put  on  in  1876,  cost- 
ing SI  .liio.  It  now  has  a  capacity  for  the  accom- 
modation of  fifty  guests,  and  is  exclusively  a 
summer  hotel. 

Gleason  House,  located  in  the  central  part  of 
the  village  of  Wayzata.  was  originally  built  for  a 
summer  boarding  house,  by  A.  O.  Madison.  The 
present  proprietor,  Mr.  II.  L.  Gleason,  bought  it 
in  1871,  built  an  addition  and  fitted  it  up 
for  a  summer  resort,  and  now  has  all  the 
conveniences  for  the  accommodation  of  thirty 
guests. 

MILLS. 

Tlie  Minnetonka  Mill  property,  consisting  of 
640  acres  of  land,  with  the  houses  and  water 
power,  was  bought  l)y  T.  X.  Perkins  in  1868, 
who  built  a  grist  mill  44x32,  3.1  stories  high,  and 
put  in  three  runs  of  stone  and  other  necessary 
maehinerv.     In  1870.  Edwin   Hedderly  and  H. 


•2i-2 


HISTOBT  OF  H^yyEPIX  COUNTY. 


M.  Vronian  Ijouglit  tlie  property,  and  contimied 
the  business  four  years.  In  lb74  Loren  Fletcher 
and  C  M.  Loriiifi.  bought  Hedderly"s  one-half 
interest. 

Messrs.  Flelclier,  Loring  iV;  A'roinan.  in  the 
summer  of  1874,  organized  a  stock  company  to  he , 
known  as  the  Miinietonka  Mill  Company,  dating 
from  October  20tli.  1«74.  Tliey  iunnediately  re- 
fitted the  mill,  adding  to  it  a  wing  26x44  feet,  and 
to  the  machinery  four  run  of  burrs,  six  purifiers, 
and  considerable  other  machinery.  They  built 
an  elevator  8(lx4o.  and  thirty  feet  hish.  holding 
about  30,000  bushels,  and  a  warehouse  30x30, 
three  stories  high.  In  187(5  ^'roman  sold  his  in- 
terest to  Fletcher  and  Loring.  In  l.S7s  the  com- 
pany added  to  the  mill,  so  that  it  now  stands  on  the 
ground  72x58  feet,  and  four  stories  high,  also 
adding  to  the  machinery  two  run  of  burrs,  four 
setts  of  rolls,  two  jiurifiers.  and  other  machinery. 
The  same  year  tliey  built  an  addition  to  their  ware- 
house, making  it  30x74;  built  an  engine-house 
30x38  feet,  andimlina  Ueynolds-Corliss  engine  of 
one  Innidred  horse-power.  Also  jilaced  in  their 
wheel-pit  a  (iO-ini-h  American  turbine  wheel,  and 
are  now  using  both  steam  and  water.  The  pres- 
ent equipment  of  the  mill  is  live  nnis  of  stone, 
eleven  double  setts  of  rolls,  eleven  puriliers.  and 
is  now  manufacturing  300  barrels  of  Hour  per 
day;  has  storage  for  oO.OOO  bushels  of  wheat, 
4,000  barrels  of  Hour  and  loll  tons  of  bran.  A 
cooper-shop,  24x80,  two  stories,  with  room  for 
thirty-two  men,  supplies  the  mill  with  barrels. 
The  market  for  their  floin'  is  mainly  in  New 
York,  Hoston  and  Europe.  The  mill  gives  con- 
stant employment  to  eighteen  men.  who  are  i>aid 
as  wages,  about  S10,()()0per  annuiu.  With  the 
mill  are  twelve  houses,  owned  b>  tlic  company, 
in  which  the  employes  reside.  This  jiroperty  is 
on  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  Hail- 
way,  ten  miles  from  Minneapolis,  and  also  on  the 
Minnetonka  branch  of  the  .MiiuieapollsiVSl.  Louis 
Railway. 

St.  Albans  .Mill.  Located  on  Minnehaha  Creek. 
It  is  3.>x  t-")  feet.  Ihrce  stories  hiirh.  and  built  in 
1874.  by  .IkIiij  .\11  iV:  Co..  fora  ■new  process  null." 
Alt  &  Co.  sold  it  t<i  Schal'er  and  I'ullcr,  in 
187f>,  who  finding  the  water  insidlj<'icnt.  put  in  a 
thirty  hocBe  power  engine.  They  .sold  in  1878  to 
H.  \V.  Hanson,  who  is  the  i)resent  proiirietor. 


RAILTJO.VDS. 

The  St.  Paul.  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Ry. 
(Breckenridge  division)  crosses  the  town  north  of 
the  center.  This  road  has  also  a  surveyed  line, 
leaving  the  main  line  about  a  mile  west  of  Way- 
zata,  and  extending  southwest  to  Lake  Minne-- 
tonka.  The  Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  liailway 
have  a  surveyed  line  partly  ironed,  leaving  their 
main  line  at  Hopkins  Station,  and  rumiing  north- 
west to  the  village  of  Minnetonka,  thence  west- 
erl.N  and  crossing  the  west  line  of  section  18,  a 
short  distance  south  of  the  quarter  post,  and  ter- 
minating at  present,  near  the  Hotel  St.  Louis,  on 
the  east  shore  of  Lake  Minnetonka.  The  main 
line  of  this  road,  passes  through  the  southeast 
part  of  the  town.  The  Kenton  Cut  Off  of  the 
II.  &  D.  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and 
St.  I'aul  Railway,  crosses  the  town  nearly  parallel 
to  the  main  line  of  the  M.  &  St.  Louis  R.  R. 

BIOQRArinC.VL. 

Samtiel  Bartow,  born  in  Ohio.  April  18th.  1818, 
AVhen  nineteen,  bought  a  farm  in  JSIonroe  county. 
Lived  there  until  the  fall  of  1849,  when  he  lo- 
cated in  Bartholomew  county,  Indiana.  Lived 
there  three  years,  teaching  school  part  of  the 
time,  then  went  to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  and  St. 
Louis.  Mo.;  from  there  liy  steamer  to  St.  Paul  and 
to  Minnetonka.  Made  a  claim  to  the  farm  on 
which  he  now  lives,  located  on  the  south  shore 
of  Lake  Minnetonka.  Married  in  1839  to  Mary 
McKenney.  They  have  five  children.  He  has 
held  the  office  of  county  connnissioner  and  has 
been  i)romiiieMt  in  the  alTairs  of  the  town. 

Robert  W.  Bartow,  born  in  Monioi'  county, 
Ohio,  May  Kith,  184-),  In  IS4!l  moved  to  Indi- 
ana, then  to  Council  BlutTs,  Iowa,  ('ame  to  Min- 
nesota in  1852,  and  worked  with  his  father  on  the 
farm:  then  bought  the  oiu' on  which  he  now  lives. 
Married  Miss  H.  .M.  Page.  July,  18011,  who  died 
March  17th,  1S7!I.  Has  twcwliildrcn:  Horace  B. 
and  Robert  W. 

Joseph  Bren.  boiii  in  I'xOiemia.  ( lelobei-  inth, 
1S2S,  .Married  Seiitcmbei'  2sth.  bs.")!!.  to  Miss 
Anna  Pliillipi.  of  Bohemia.  In  ls.')4.  came  to 
America.  Lixcil  in  ( Gallatin.  Haeine  I'ounty, 
■Wisconsin,  oni'  year.  Came  to  .Minnctoidca  and 
located  where  he  now  lives.  Has  a  liiu'  farm. 
They  have  eight  children:  Joseph,  Frank,  John, 
William,  .fosciihiui'.  Kiiward.  Benjamin.  (leorge. 


MINNETONEA— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


243 


Frank  Bren  was  born  in  Bohemia,  Marcli  26tli, 
1838.  Came  to  America  in  ISo-t.  and  settled  in 
Minnetonka;  in  1858,  bouglit  the  farm  on 
which  lie  now  lives,  situated  two  miles  from 
Hopkins  Station.  Enlisted  August  22d,  1864, 
in  company  E,  Independent  Battallion  Cavalry. 
Discharged  May  1st,  1866.  Married  September 
26th,  1870,  to  Josephine  Miller.  Have  eight 
children,  Anna,  Frank,  Alice,  Josepli.  Samuel, 
Daniel,  Rosa,  and  Elizalieth. 

Thomas  C.  Bryant  was  born  in  Maine.  Decem- 
ber 10th,  1843.  In  1856  he  came  to  Saint  Paul, 
spent  one  year,  then  went  to  Ohio.  Enlisted  in 
company  B,  Tliird  Ohio  Veteran  Volunteer  Cav- 
alry. Mustered  out  at  Xashville.  Tenn.  Re- 
turned to  Ohio  and  turned  his  attention  to  cooper- 
ing. April  19th,  1868,  married  Amelia  Hanford. 
Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1872,  and  worked  at 
cooperage  till  1873,  when  he  came  to  ilinnetonka 
and  worked  at  his  trade  one  year  longer.  Then 
he  bought  the  farm  on  which  he  now  lives. 

Alanson  G.  Butler  was  born  in  Hallowell, 
Maine,  December  30th,  1816.  When  23  years 
old  went  to  New  York,  and  remained  there  three 
years.  Worked  five  years  in  the  lumber  regions 
of  Pennsylvania.  In  1856,  came  to  Minneapolis, 
stayed  one  year,  then  went  to  Wright  county 
and  opened  a  farm.  Lived  ou  it  till  1875.  when 
he  came  to  Minnetonka  where  he  has  since  lived. 
and  for  the  last  two  seasons,  carried  on  the  dairy 
business.  September  22d,  1853,  married  Louis- 
anna  Marsh,  of  Pennsylvania.  They  have  one 
child,  ^liunie  May. 

Jolm  M.  Chastek,  born  in  Bohemia,  February 
24,  1837.  In  1854  came  to  America.  Lived  in 
Racine  county,  Wisconsin,  till  1855,  when  he 
came  to  Minnetonka,  and  in  1864  bouglit  the  farm 
on  which  he  now  lives.  Enlisted  in  Company  E, 
Hatch's  Battallion,  Minnesota  Volunteers.  Was 
mustered  out  at  Fort  Snelling  in  1866.  Married 
Annie  Pribyl,  of  Wisconsin,  Marcli  17,  18()S. 
They  have  seven  children,  Apolona,  Anna,  John, 
Frank,  Emil,  Petrolina  and  George. 

Joseph  II.  Chowen  was  born  May  1,  1831.  in 
Monroe,  Wyoming  county,  Peim.  Lived  there 
twenty-three  years,  then  came  to  Minnesota  and 
located  the  farm  he  now  lives  on  in  Minnetonka. 
■He  established  a  nursery  in  the  spring  of  1880. 
Married  Jane  Fuller,  March,  1859,  who  died  Sep- 
tember 1872.     In  1873,  was  married  to  Caroline 


E.  Gunn.    He  has  seven  children,  four  by  his 
first  wife. 

William  S.  Chowen,  born  in  Green  county,  N. 
Y.,  June  22d.  1826.  Moved  to  Wyoming  county, 
Pennsylvania.  At  twenty  years  of  age,  he  went 
to  White  Haven,  and  engaged  in  lumbering ;  fol- 
lowed it  for  eight  years,  and  one  year  lumbering 
in  "\^irginia.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1853,  and 
located  the  farm  in  Minnetonka  on  which  he  now 
lives.  Helped  build  the  first  school  house  in  the 
town.  In  1857,  was  elected  to  the  first  Legisla- 
ture of  the  state,  and  introduced  the  Agricultural 
School  bill  and  a  memorial  to  Congress  for  an 
agricultural  land  grant,  for  college  purposes. 
Both  bills  were  passed  while  he  was  in  the  House. 
Enlisted,  August,  1864,  in  Co.  F,  Eleventh  Minn. 
Inf.,  with  the  rank  of  Sergeant.  Stationed  at 
Xashville  and  Gallatin,  Tennessee.  Mustered 
out,  26th  of  June,  1865,  at  Fort  Snelling.  Has  been 
several  times  chairman  of  town  board.  Married, 
May  25,  1865,  to  Mary  M.  Frear ;  have  six  chil- 
dren. 

Salmon  R.  Churchill,  born  in  Trumbull  county, 
Ohio,  February  23d,  1823.  Lived  there  twenty- 
one  years,  and  learned  the  shoemaker's  trade. 
Came  to  Minnesota  in  1856.  and  located  where  he 
now  lives.  Enlisted  in  1861  in  the  Second  Compa- 
ny Minnesota  Sharpshooters,  and  was  mustered 
out  in  1862,  on  account  of  disability,  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  Health  improved,  and  he  enlisted  again 
in  Co.  F,  Eleventh  Minn.  Inf.  On  September  4th, 
1850,  he  married  Sarah  Hoagland.  They  have 
had  four  children.    Two  are  now  living. 

T.  Connolly,  born  in  Ireland  in  1842.  Came  to 
Minnesota  in  1860,  stopped  in  St.  Paul  short  time, 
and  went  to  Georgetown  in  the  employ  of  the  Hud- 
son Bay  t'ompany  for  two  years,  when  the 
Indians  compelled  the  company  to  leave.  In 
1863  went  to  Lake  Winnipeg,  as  trader  for  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company;  returned  to  St.  Paul  1864, 
and  to  Minneapolis  in  1867  and  worked  five 
years  lumbering.  Then  as  patrolman  on  the 
police  force  for  three  years,  court  officer  one  year, 
and  captain  one  year.  In  1878  he  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Hennepin  county  Poor  farm 
Married  Anna  Kelley  in  1867.  They  have  three 
children,  two  boys  and  one  girl. 

William  Dobson,  born  in  England,  February 
14,  1837,  came  to  America  in  1857  and  to  Min- 
nesota,  stopping  in  St.  Paul  until  1861.  when  he 


244 


msroBY  OF  iiEyxEPix  couxty. 


enlisted  in  f'omi)aiiy  D.  Second  Minnesota  Infant- 
ry: was  at  the  battles  of  Shil<ili  and  Corintli. 
served  four  years,  mustered  out  at  Louisville. 
Kentucky.  July  ISfi.').  Returned  to  St.  Paul,  and 
lived  there  until  ISTl.  when  he  located  on  the 
farm  where  he  now  lives.  Marriecl.  Anj^ust 
1866,  to  Anna  Wrnon.     They  have  four  children. 

Daniel  E.  Dow.  born  in  Maine.  January  25, 
1831.  lived  there  twenty-one  years,  then  came  to 
St.  Anthony,  Minnesota,  and  worked  at  hlack- 
smithiiigfortwo  years:  pre-empte(l  land  on  Lake 
Calhoun,  sold  it.  an<l  located  the  farm  on  which 
he  now  lives.  In  isso  visited  the  old  home  in 
Maine.  Married  .\frs.  Belinda  Hamilton.  Septem- 
ber 6, 18.55.    Thev  have  three  children  now  living. 

Kdward  II.  Kidam.  born  in  (Jermany  188!). 
Came  to  America  when  yoini};.  and  moved  from 
place  to  place.  In  1853  came  to  Fillmore  county, 
Minnesota.  Lived  there  live  years,  then  moved 
to  Decorah.  Iowa,  and  went  to  school.  Married 
Susan  Bender.  DecemberSl.  ]86(t.  In  1867  came 
to  Minneapolis,  Lived  there  a  year,  then  moved 
to  Minnelonka.  and  worked  at  coojiering  till  1877, 
when  he  oi)ened  the  stcne  now  owned  l)y  him. 
He  has  three  children  now  living. 

Fernando  Ellingwond.  was  born  in  Maine.  Octo- 
ber 27.  1846.  Lived  there  twenty  years,  then 
came  to  St.  Anthony.  From  there  to  Anoka- 
where  he  lived  ten  years.  1865  went  to  Lake 
George  and  built  a  i>lauing.  lath  and  shingle  mill. 
Run  it  for  three  years,  and  in  1868  sold  out ;  moved 
to  Spencer  Hrook.  Isanti  county.  Bought  a  saw 
mill,  and  in  '70.  built  a  grist  mil!.  Is  now  sole 
proprietor.  It  was  the  IJrst  mill  built  in  that 
county.  Was  postmaster  live  years,  and  county 
commissioner  three.  Married,  November  30, 1859, 
Ellen  Car.son,     Have  three  children  living. 

Joseph  H.  Empeiiger  was  b(Mii  in  Bohemia. 
January  liith,  1K47,  and  came  with  his  parents  to 
Anu'rica,  in  1858,  settling  in  Minnetonka  town- 
ship, where  he  has  followed  fanning,  lie  held 
the  ofTu-e  of  assessor  for  six  successive  years,  end- 
ing in  1878.  Was  electerl  justice  in  187ft.  and 
held  tln'ough  the  following  term,  on  account  of 
his  successor  failing  to  ipialify.  He  inarricci 
.\nna  .Miller.  .Novcnd)er  22.  ISTl.     She  was  biuii 

in  Bohemia   in   ls4!i.     The)    ha\i'  I' cliildrcn. 

Emily  E.,  Edward.  .\nna  and  .loseph. 

A.  N.  (iray  was  born  in  Duchess  <'onnly.  .New 
Vork.    August  2'.ith.  IHJI.      In  IWto.  nioveil  with 


parents  to  Pennsylvania,  and  engaged  in  farming 
until  eighteen  years  of  age.  when  he  engaged  in 
hnnbering,  also  learning  the  trade  of  millwright. 
He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1853.  and  settled  in 
ilinnetonka  township.  In  August.  1864.  he  en- 
listed in  Company  B.  Eleventh  Inf.,  serving  in 
the  Commissary  Department.  He  was  the  first 
Overseer  of  Highways  in  the  township  after  its 
organization,  and  nwuiber  of  the  town  Ixiard  in 
1861  2-3.  Marrieil  Susan  A.  Chowen.  in  Luzerne 
county.  Pennsylvania.  May  snth.  Is47.  Theyhave 
had  eleven  children.  Those  living  are  Alcester  E., 
Pho'be  C.  Sybilla  H..  Ernest  W..  Willie  E.  and 
Jessie  W. 

Capt.  N.  II.  Harrison,  born  in  Petersburgh, 
Virginia,  in  bs22.  Moxed  to  Hennepin  county 
in  1855.  and  settled  on  what  is  now  known  as 
'•  Harrison  Bay,"  Upper  Lake  Mnnetonka,  and 
remained  there  eleven  years.  Went  to  E.xcelsior 
for  about  two  years,  and  then  returned  to  the 
Upper  Lake,  where  he  has  since  lived.  Is  a  ship 
eai"penter  by  trade,  having  built  the  steamers 
"  Mary."  •■  May  t^ueen."and  ■•City  of  Minneajio- 
lis."  and  the  sail  boat  "  Coiiuette."  Was  one  of 
the  first  white  settlers  on  Upper  Lake  Minnetonka. 

John  S.  Harrington,  horn  in  Canada  East, 
August  11th,  1815.  ^Sloved  to  Western  Reserve, 
Ohio,  where  he  attended  school.  Then  traveled 
through  a  part  of  Illinois.  Wisconsin  and  Iowa. 
In  1854,  came  to  .Minnctoidia.  and  made  a  claim 
to  the  farm  on  which  he  now  lives,  known  as 
••  Lake  Side  Home."  Has  been  a  member  of  the 
town  board  several  times.  Married  Minerva 
Iloagland.  Dccendier  23il,  l,s42.  Has  six  chil- 
dren now  living. 

William  Iloagland.  iMini  in  Trund)ull  county, 
Ohio,  Decendx'r  16.  1821.  Learned  the  tailor's 
trade,  then  turned  his  attention  to  farming.  In 
the  s]M'ing  of  1862  came  to  Minnetonka,  Min- 
nesota, where  he  has  since  lived  for  most  of  the 
lime  ;  now  furnishes  hotels  w  itii  supiilies.  .Mar- 
ried Joanna  Wakelield.  Februarv  27,  1n45.  They 
have  seven  living  cbililren. 

.1.  R.  .lackson.  born  in  I'lslei-  I'ounty.  New 
Voik.  March.  1M6.  and  came  with  his  father  to 

St.  Paul.   .Mr.  Jackson  wasoi ft  hi'  lirst  business 

men  in  llie  plaee.  He  ni:eie  one  nl'  ilic  lirst  claims 
w  here  .Minneapolis  now  stands.  ,lohii  H.  enliste<l 
in  IS63.  in  Company  F.  First  .Minnesota  Cavalry, 
served  fourteen  months,  was  musteicil  out  at  I'olt 


MINNETONKA-  BIOOBAPHICAL. 


245 


Siielliiisin  1865.     Married  Liipretia  II.  Miller  of 
Ileiinepiii  county  ;  tliey  have  five  fliildreii  liviiiK. 

Gustavus  V.  Johnson,  born  in  Clayton  county, 
New  York,  ^Farcli  2nd,  lK4o;  learned  the  trade 
of  ship  building.  In  1S63  enlisted  in  Company 
M,  1-ith  New  York  heavy  artillery,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  September  186.5,  at  Rochester.  The 
same  fall  came  to  Chicago,  worked  at  ship  building, 
then  to  Fox  Lake,  Wisconsin,  and  did  carriage 
making  a  nundier  of  years.  Sold  out  and  went 
to  Winona,  then  to  La  Crosse,  wliere  he  was 
engaged  in  boat  building  four  years,  thence  to 
White  Hear  Lake,  following  same  business  three 
years,  then  to  Lake  Minnetonka  and  establislied  a 
large  Ixiat  liuilding  business.  Married  Elizabeth 
Butfett.  Sejil.  ^'.i.  18ti9.    Have  two  children  living. 

John  Kokesh,  born  in  Bohemia  January  5,1830. 
When  twenty-three  years  old  married  Josephine 
Kostlan.  Came  to  Americain  1868.  and  settled  in 
Minnetonka,  and  in  1869,  bought  the  farm  on 
which  he  now  lives.    Has  ten  children. 

George  Ley,  born  in  Wisconsin  October  17, 
1843.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1857.  Settled  in 
Scott  county ;  remained  there  until  1864.  when 
he  went  to  Montana  and  engaged  in  mining  five 
years.  Eeturned  and  married  Lena  Spungmauu, 
July  13,  1872.  Have  three  childreu.  In  1873 
worked  for  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  B.  K.  Co.. 
and  in  1880,  bought  the  farm  where  he  now  lives. 

Charles  Lyons,  born  in  Appleton.  Maine,  June 
11,  1852.  In  1871  went  to  Rockland.  Spent  two 
years,  then  to  South  Adams,  Mass.  Was  there 
three  years,  then  went  to  Charleston.  S.  C,  and 
to  Georgia,  Alabama.  Tennessee  and  Kentucky. 
Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1876  and  worked  at 
coopering.  In  1879  came  to  Minnetonka,  and  has 
since  done  cooper  work  for  the  Minnetoid<a  Mill 
Company. 

David  Locke  (deceased)  born  in  A'irginia.  April 
13,  1808.  Moved  to  Ohio,  and  in  1883  married 
Harriet  A.  Stafford,  who  has  borne  him  ten  chil- 
dren. In  1837  went  to  Indiana,  and  nni  the 
Rockford  flouring  mill  several  years.  From  that 
to  railroad  building.  Came  to  Minnetonka  in  18.55, 
and  made  a  claim.  Returned  to  Indiana.  lu 
1865  came  to  Hastings,  and  in  1866  settled  bis 
family  in  Minnetonka,  where  he  resided  until  his 
death.  April  16lh,  1877. 

John  McGenty  (deceasedj,  born  in  Ireland, 
1805.     Came  to  America  in  1847.    Lived  in  Ver- 


mont three  years.  Then  went  to  Illinois  and 
worked  three  years.  In  1855,  came  to  St.  Paul 
then  to  Minnetonka,  and  located  the  farm  on 
which  his  sons,  Deiuiis  and  James,  with  their 
mother,  now  live.   Died,  Sept..  1877,  aged  72  years. 

Ernst  Meyer,  born  in  Prussia,  October  22, 1858, 
and  moved  with  his  parents  to  Germany,  where 
he  learned  the  machinist  and  miller"s  trade.  In 
1876.  came  to  America,  and  worked  in  the  mills 
at  Hazleton,  Iowa ;  also  at  Elgin,  and  Clayton 
county,  Iowa.  In  1878,  came  to  ^Minnetonka,  and 
worked  for  the  iliuuetonka  ilill  Company.  Par- 
ents now  live  in  Ilolstein.  Germany. 

John  P.  ililler,  born  in  Pennsylvania,  May  11, 
1809.  In  1831.  married  Bachael  Parks,  who  died 
in  1837.  Lived  in  Lancaster.  Ohio,  three  years; 
then  went  to  Crawford  county,  and  engaged  in 
the  hotel  business.  In  1848,  went  to  Rockford, 
Illinois,  and  entered  grocery  business.  In  1849, 
came  to  Minnesota.  Kept  a  boarding  house  in 
St.  Paul,  and  helped  to  lit  up  the  hall  for  the  first 
legislati\'e  session.  'Went  to  Minnetonka  in  1853 
and  made  a  claim.  He  afterwards  bought  the 
farm  on  which  he  now  lives.  August,  1844,  mar- 
ried Catherine  Didie,  of  Pennsylvania.  They 
have  three  children. 

Charles  D.  Miller.  Ijoni  in  Ohio.  May  14th.  1845. 
When  four  years  old.  came  with  his  parents  to 
Minnesota.  Attended  the  lirst  school  taught  in 
Hennepin  county,  in  the  old  Government  House, 
near  the  Government  ^Slill.  August,  1864,  enlist- 
ed in  Co.  F,  Eleventh  Minn.  Inf.  under  Capt, 
Phmimer.  Was  mustered  out  at  Fort  Snelling 
in  18(i5.  In  May,  1876,  married  Emma  J.  Ilawkes, 
of  Hennepin  county.     They  have  one  child. 

Frank  L.  Miller,  born  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota, 
October  Kith,  1850.  When  he  was  two  years  old 
his  father  moved  to  the  farm  in  what  is  now  Min- 
netonka. Received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  and  has.  with  his  father  and  brother, 
made  a  good  farm. 

George  C.  Phillips,  born  February  28,  1828,  in 
Almond,  X.  Y.  In  1848,  established  a  cooper 
shop.  Run  it  seven  years.  In  1854  went  to  St. 
Paul,  then  to  Miinieapolis.  Helped  finish  the  old 
American  House.  In  1855  made  claim  to  the  farm 
on  which  he  now  lives.  February  28th,  1854, 
married  Abigail  Smith.  Enlisted.  1864,  in  Co. 
F,  Eleventh  Minn.  Inf.  Was  with  (4en.  Thomas 
at  Nashville.  Teuu..  and  discharged  at  St.  Paul. 


246 


HISTOHY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


James  K.  Robertson,  born  in  Scotland.  May  14, 
1839.  Served  an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years  at 
machine  and  engineerinfc  work.  Run  a  locomotive 
on  the  Glasgow  &  Southwestern  R.  R.,  Scotland, 
then  an  engine  for  Baird  Bros.'  Great  Iron  Works, 
Scotland.  In  ISH.j  came  to  America.  Was  engi- 
neer in  the  coal  regions  of  Pennsylvania.  Went 
to  Nova  Scotia  in  1 866.  Started  a  tobacco  factory 
in  Dartsmouth.  Sold  it.  and  in  1876  came  to 
Minneai)olis.  to  work  for  Camp  iV:  Walker.  Then 
came  to  Minnetonka,  and  now  runs  the  engine  in 
the  mill.  July  12,  1861,  married  Ellen  Park,  of 
Scotland.    They  have  seven  cliildren. 

Alfred  B.  Robinson,  born  in  Vermont.  May  1 . 
1815.  Went  to  Whitehall.  X.  Y.,  enlisted  in 
Company  I,  First  U.  S.  Regular  Infantry.  Joined 
his  regiment  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  AVis.  There 
three  years.  Tlien  ordered  to  Florida  under  Col. 
Zachai'iah  Taylor.  Remained  there  five  years. 
Ordered  to  Fort  Snelling  in  1842.  Was  there 
until  184o.  when  lie  was  discharged.  Came  to 
Minnetonka  in  1853,  and  in  1855  located  where  he 
now  lives.  In  1861  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Third 
Minnesota  'S'olunteers.  Was  discharged  and  en- 
listed again  in  Company  B.  Sixtli  Minnesota  Vol- 
unteers. Mustered  out,  October  1865.  He  mar- 
ried Celesta  Caddet,  who  died  in  1878.  He  is 
the  fatlier  of  three  children.    Two  now-  living. 

Frederick  Rohlling,  (deceased.)  born  in  Prussia. 
Dec.  29, 1823.  Came  to  America  in  ls44.  Lived  in 
St.  Louis  until  1855.  when  lie  came  to  Minnesota 
and  located  tlie  farm  on  wliich  liis  widow  and  fam- 
ily now  live.  Married  Wilniina  Telgman,  of  St. 
Louis,  1856.  and  returned  to  liis  home  in  Minne- 
tonka. Tliey  have  live  cliildren  now  living.  Mrs. 
I?,  is  an  active  member  of  tlie  church,  and  now 
superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school.  Mr.  Rohlf- 
ing  died  November  15th,  1878. 

?Mward  I).  Shaiiton.  born  in  Ohio.  March  4tli. 
lH3i).  ].,earned  tlie  miller's  trade.  Was  sui>erin- 
tendentof  theShanesville  llouring  mills  for  three 
years.  In  1807  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  run 
the  Island  Mills.  Summit  Mills.  Xortli  Star  Mill, 
and  the  Galaxy  Mills.  In  1878  went  to  Minne- 
tonka, and  lias  since  had  charge  of  the  mills 
there.  In  1862  enlisted  in  Company  II.  73d  In- 
diana Infantry.  Was  in  several  battles,  and  taken 
prisoner  at  Cedar  (iap,  (Jeorgia.  taken  to  Belle 
Island,  and  after  a  time  exchanged.  Mustered  out 
at  Nashville,  Teun.    Married  in  1860  to  Margaret 


Schultz.    They  are  the  pai-ents  of  eight  children. 

Bayard  T.  and  Bernard  G.  Shaver,  twin  broth- 
ers, and  lirst  white  children  born  in  Minnetonka. 
August  12th,  1853.  Here  the  brothers  have  lived 
with  their  parents,  and  received  their  education 
at  (he  second  school  organized  in  the  county. 
Bayard  has  given  his  attention  to  teaching,  and 
Bernard  to  millwright  and  carpenter  w-ork.  Bay- 
ard cast  the  first  vote  of  any  native-born  man  in  the 
township.  They  live  on  the  oldest  farm  in  the  town. 

Eldridge  A.  Shaver  was  born  in  Pennsylvania 
September  27th,  1849,  and  came  to  Minnesota 
when  he  was  a  boy.  Landed  in  Minneapolis. 
stoiipeil  with  Col.  Stevens  a  few  weeks,  then 
came  to  Minnetonka  City.  Remained  there  till 
1853  when  his  father  made  the  claim  on  which 
Eldridge  now  lives.  Married  Mary  S.  Tull.  April 
2(lth,  1^74.  Two  children  have  been  born  to  them. 

Sarah  C.  Shaver  was  bom  in  Greene  county, 
N.  Y.,  July  5,  1824.  Married  James  Shaver  Sep- 
tember 27th.  1849.  In  1851  Mr.  Shaver  came 
to  Minnesota.  In  1852  his  family  came,  when  lie 
made  a  claim  and  settled  on  the  south  shore  of 
Lake  Minnetonka.  Tiieir  two  sons  were  the  first 
white  children  born  in  the  township,  and  the  first 
native  born  voters,  and  their  mother  the  lirst 
white  woman  to  settle  in  the  town.  Mrs.  Shaver 
and  son  Bayard  attended  the  Centennial  Expo- 
sition, and  remained  in  the  east  three  years. 

George  M.  Stankard.  was  born  in  Ohio,  .hiue 
27th.  1857.  Learned  the  miller's  trade.  Went 
to  Toledo  and  worked  in  the  South  Toledo  Mills. 
In  1877  he  moved  to  Niles,  Michigan.  W(uked 
in  River  Side  mills  till  October.  1877.  when  he 
came  to  Minneapolis.  Worked  in  tlie  l'illsbiir.\ 
mill  until  1878.  then  for  Croswell  and  S.\ me  at 
Long  Lake  as  head  stone  dresser.  In  ls8(i  took 
the  same  position  with  the  Minnetonka  .Mill  lom- 
pany.     His  father  and  family  live  in  Ohio. 

Knight  II.  Wliiiiiilc.born  in  Foster.  Provi<lciuc 
county.  R.  I..  July  29, 1836.  Wnit  to  Providence, 
worked  at  the  mason's  trade  tor  several  years. 
.Inly  1855.  came  to  Minneapolis,  lived  there  three 
years,  helped  build  the  first  brick  house  in  the 
town,  liuilt  the  resi<lence  of  Rev.  Gideon  Pond 
atBloomingtou.  In  18.">!lmadea  trip  to  Urd  Hiver, 
1864  bniight  the  place  on  which  he  lives.  I  )miiig 
the  Indian  massacre,  was  l^)iiarler  Master  under 
Col.  Stevens,  at  Glencoe.  October  1862,  married 
Sarah  Fuller.     He  is  the  father  of  one  child. 


EXCELSIOB—GENER^IL  DESCRIPTION. 


247 


EXCELSIOE. 


CHAPTER   XL. 

GENERAL  DESCEIPTION  —  SETTLEMENT  —  FIRST 
SETTLERS  —  EARLY  EVENTS  —  ST.  ALBANS  — 
CIVIL  HISTORY—  CHURCHES— SCHOOLS- JHLL 
—  NURSERIES  —  STATE  FRUIT  FARM  —  RAIL- 
ROADS— SUMMER  HOTELS — SOCIETIES — BOATS 
—BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Excelsior  is  situated  in  the  .soutlnvesteni  part 
of  the  county,  tlie  south  line  of  the  township  sep- 
arating Hennepin  and  Carver  counties.  Nearly 
one-half  of  the  area  of  tlie  township  is  covered 
by  the  waters  of  Lake  Miiuietonka,  leaving  but 
5,221  acres  of  land. 

The  surface  of  the  land  is  rolling  and  heavily 
timbered,  with  here  and  there  small  marshes,  a 
few  of  wiiich  are  utilized  for  the  production  of 
wild  hay.  The  soil  is  a  close  clay,  and  very  pro- 
ductive. 

The  lake  was  named  soon  after  the  lirst  settle- 
ments were  made  on  its  shores.  Governor  Ram- 
sey, in  his  ofticial  capacity,  as  Governor  of  the 
territory,  visited  the  lake  in  company  with  a  large 
party,  and  during  this  visit,  it  was  given  its  appro- 
priate name,  llinnetonka,  the  word  being  derived 
from  the  Dahkota,  minne  meaning  water,  and 
tonka  meaning  large. 

Lake  Minnetonka  is  noted  for  the  beauty  of 
the  scenery  of  its  surroundhig  shores.  Numer- 
ous points  of  land  project  into  the  lake,  some  of 
which  are  a  mile  or  more  in  length.  They  are 
named  from  settlers  and  owners  of  land  on  them. 
Ferguson's  and  Gibson's  on  the  east  shore,  Way- 
zata  and  Sunrise  points  on  the  west  shore  of  the 
lower  lake.  In  the  upper  lake,  Locke's,  Howard 
and  Carman's  points  derive  their  names  from 
owners  of  land  thereon.  Between  these  points  are 
bays,  some  deep,  others  shallow,  the  waters  of 
which  are  plentifully  stocked  with  fish.  These 
bays  are  known  as  Robinson,  near  AVayzata  ;  Car- 


son, on  the  east  shore  ;  St.  Alban's,  Excelsior  and 
Gideon's  on  the  south,  and  Holmes  Bay  on  the 
north.  The  only  one  of  note  in  the  upper  lake, 
within  the  limits  of  Excelsior,  is  Carman's. 

There  are  several  islands  within  the  boundary 
lines  of  the  town.  The  largest  of  these  is  Big,  or 
Morse's  Island,  in  the  lower  lake.  Brightwood.  a 
small  roinid  island,  is  owned  and  occupied  as  a 
summer  residence  by  H.  A.  Gale,  of  Minneapolis. 
In  the  upper  lake  are  situated  Enchanted  Island. 
Shady  Isle,  Spray  and  Wild  Goose  Islands. 

The  upper  and  lower  lakes  are  .connected  by 
what  is  known  as  Hull's  Narrows,  originally  a 
small  creek,  but  since  widened  and  deepened  to 
allow  the  passage  of  the  large  steamers  plying  on 
the  lake. 

The  lakes  in  the  township  of  Excelsior,  aside 
from  Minnetonka,  are  Lakes  Christmas  and  Gal- 
pin,  both  named  in  honor  of  early  settlers;  the 
former  for  Charles  AV.  Christmas,  the  first  county 
surveyor,  and  the  latter  for  Rev.  Charles  Galpin. 
the  first  minister  in  Excelsior.  Lake  Christmas 
is  located  on  sections  3-5  and  36,  and  is  about  one 
mile  in  length.  Galpin  Lake  is  a  small  body  of 
water  just  south  of  the  village. 

SETTLEMENT. 

Excelsior  was  among  the  first  townships  in  the 
county,  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  prospector 
in  search  of  a  home.  The  first  visit  of  whites  to 
Lake  Minnetonka.  was  in  1822.  when  a  party  from 
Fort  Snelling  explored  its  shores.  The  first  set- 
tler in  Excelsior  was  Stephen  Hull,  who  located 
his  claim  in  February.  18.53,  selecting  for  his 
home  the  site  now  known  as  the  Lake  Park 
Grounds.  He  was  followed  by  William  Lithgrow, 
in  the  spring  of  '53,  who  made  a  claim  of  the  land 
now  occupied  by  the  ''State  Fruit  F'arm."  Lith- 
grow was  drowned  in  the  lake  in  18-54.  R.  B. 
McGrath  came  ui  May  1853,  and  still  resides  in 
Excelsior.     He  is  the  oldest  living  settler  in  the 


248 


HISTOBY  OF  IIENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


town.  The  town  of  Excelsior  owes  its  name  ami 
settlement  to  a  colony,  under  the  title  of  tlie 
"Excelsior  Pioneer  Association. ""  They  were 
headed  by  George  M.  Bertram  and  arrived  in  the 
summer  of  1853.  The  following  "Preamble"  to 
the  constitution  adojited  November  12tli.  18.52. 
serves  to  show  that  Lake  ^liinietonka  and  its 
surrounding  territory,  had  acquired  at  that  early 
period,  a  portion  of  tlie  ncitcvriety  wlijcli  to-day 
makes  it  famous. 

^^Preamble.  AVhereas  we.  tlie  uiicicrsif^ned.  hav- 
ing associated  ourselves  into  a  body  to  remove  to 
Minnesota  Territory  next  summer,  and  occujiy 
some  of  the  government  lands  now  vacated  by 
the  late  treaty  with  the  Sioux  Indians,  and  hav- 
ing been  on  a  tour  through  tlie  Western  states 
last  summer,  liave  selected  a  sitefor  a  village aii<i 
farming  country,  that  for  licaUlifuUness  uf  cli- 
mate, fertility  of  st)il.  beauty  of  scenery  and 
nearness  to  markets,  cannot  be  surpassed  by  any 
other  locality  in  the  country  ;  being  within  twelve 
or  fifteen  miles  of  two  of  the  most  important  towns  ] 
in  the  territory  (St.  Paul  and  St.  Anthony  Falls) 
and  liaving  a  front  on  a  lake,  navigable  for  steam 
and  other  boats  over  forty  miles,  its  waters  as  clear 
as  crystal  and  abound  with  fisli.  Tlie  land  around 
the  lake  is  also  supplied  with  natural  meadow, 
the  country  is  gently  rolling  and  intersiiersed 
with  the  most  beautiful  growth  of  timber  that 
the  eye  could  wish  to  look  upon,  consisting  of 
sugar  maple,  black  walnut,  butternut,  white  and 
red  oak.  and  a  variety  of  others;  also  with  wild 
fruit,  gi'ajies  and  berries  of  almost  every  kind. 
The  whole  country  in  fact,  iw.ssessiiig  almost 
everything  that  the  heart  of  man  could  wish  for. 
Therefore,  in  order  to  avail  our.selves  of  all  the 
advantages  of  an  old  settled  country,  and  secure 
ourselves  such  increase  of  value  as  must  result 
from  a  conc-entration  of  numbers  upon  the  laud. 
logellier  with  our  own  efforts  in  ilsiniiirovi  iiu  lit, 
erection  of  a  village  ami  settling  the  farms  there- 
upon, and  all  the  blessings  of  life:  We,  each 
and  all  of  us.  who  siilpsciibe  in  the  following  con- 
stiliilioii.  do  roiiibiiic  our.selves.  our  means  and 
our  eneigics.  in  this  enterprise  and  agree  to  sup- 
port and  carry  into  eflVct  its  laws.  Ollieers: 
President,  Geo.  M.  Uertram  ;  Vice  President, 
.John  Jy.  Willis  ;  Secretary,  .Samuel  P.  Jilodgett; 
Treasurer.  Edward  Jloml.  Any  person  at  a  dis- 
taiK-e  wishing  to  become  a  lueintiei  of  this  asso-   ' 


elation,  or  wishing  information,  can  have  al 
the  information  he  requires  l)y  addressing  the 
I'resident  at  268  Grand  street,  New  York." 

The  constitution  and  by-laws,  provided  that 
each  person  becoming  a  member,  should  pay  a  fee 
of  eight  dollars,  and  one  dollar  per  week  as  dues, 
from  November  12th,  18.52.  to  July  17th,  18.53. 
That  each  member  should  be  entitled  to  a  farm, 
and  one  village  lot  of  not  less  than  one  acre,  the 
farms  and  lots  to  be  drawn  by  numbers.  Mr. 
George  M.  Bertram,  the  originator  of  the  scheme, 
visited  Lake  Minnetonka  in  the  summer  of  18-52. 
selected  the  site  of  the  present  village  of  Excel- 
sior, returned  to  New  York  and  organized  the 
Association.  While  at  St.  Paul,  en  route  for  the 
East,  lie  met  H.  I!.  Mctirath,  then  a  resident  of 
Dubuque.  Iowa,  who  became  a  member  of  the 
colony,  soon  after  its  organization.  About  May 
1st,  18.53,  Mr.  iMcGrath  started  for  ilinnetonka 
in  advance  of  Bertram  and  the  remainder  of  the 
eompaiiy.  In  St.  .Vntliony  he  met  .lohn  II.  Ste- 
vens, then  acting  as  agent  for  the  new  colony, 
and  received  from  him  instructions  to  proceed  to 
the  site  selected,  and  erect  a  house  for  the  use  of 
Bertram  upon  his  arrival.  A  few  days  later  he 
and  K.  C.  Wiley,  set  out  in  company  with  a  sur- 
veying party  which  was  to  locate  a  government 
road  from  St.  Anthony  to  Fort  Kidgely.  They 
went  as  far  as  Lake  Christmas,  and  there  the  sur- 
veying party  turned  back,  leaving  McGrath  and 
Wiley  to  tiiid  their  way  alone.  A  snow-storm 
arose  and  tlicy  sulTered  much  from  exposure. 
.Vtier  seanhiiig  two  days  they  found  Stephen 
Hull,  wlio  iioiiited  out  to  tlieiii  the  site  selected 
by  Bertram.  They  at  once  cominenced  the  erec- 
tion of  a  log  house,  and  i>ut  iqi  a  sliant>  lor  llieir 
own  use  wliile  building  the  house.  The  hou.se 
was  ready  for  occupancy  the  first  week  in  June. 
It  was  two  stories  in  height,  biiill  of  basswood 
logs  and  roofed  with  shingles  pideiired  in  St.  An- 
thony. A  number  of  prospectors  had  visited 
-Mctirath  and  Wiley  while  building  the  house, 
and  they  often  sulfered  for  want  of  provisions, 
their  genero.sity  leading  thein  to  share  tlieir  Mqi- 
plies  with  the  land  seekers.  The  lirst  of  the  c'ol- 
onists  to  arrive  was  liev.  Charles  (iaipiii.  who 
founded  the  lirst  cliiireh  in  Excelsior.  lie  was 
soon  followed  by  Bertram,  who  arrived  with  a 
number  of  families.  The  association  "nimedi- 
ateh    touK   a  claim  eiiibiaciii'.;   bid  acres,  on  the 


EXCELSIOR— EARLY  EVENTS— CIVIL  HISTORY. 


249 


south  shore  of  the  lake.  This  claim  was  at  once 
platted  into  village  lots,  and  was  the  foundation 
of  the  present  flourishing  village  of  Excelsior. 
Mr.  ilcCiratli  built  a  frame  house  and  soon  after, 
a  carpenter  shop,  the  latter  used  for  public  meet- 
ings. The  house  still  stands.  During  the  win- 
ter of  1853-4,  a  meeting  was  called  l)y  President 
Bertram,  at  which  the  name  of  Excelsior  was 
adopted  unanimously. 

FIRST   .SETTLERS. 

Peter  M.  Gideon  and  A.  P.  Beeman  were 
among  the  settlers  of  18.53.  William  Harvey, 
Silas  A.  Seamans.  Z.  D.  Spaulding,  William  Fer- 
guson and  others  settled  in  18.54.  Among  those 
who  arrived  in  l,s.5.)-"6  and  took  claims  were  Eli- 
jah Carson,  Rev.  C.  B.  Sheldon,  Enos  Day,  W. 
B.  Jones  and  Silas  Howard.  From  this  time  on 
the  settlement  was  rapid  and  the  growth  of  Ex- 
celsior was  an  assured  fact.  Of  these  early  set- 
tlers, William  Ferguson  was  drowned  in  18.57. 
Enos  Day  died  herein  1874.  Bertram,  after  re- 
maining two  or  three  years  with  his  colony,  re- 
moved to  Minneapolis  and  from  there  to  Monticel- 
lo,  Wright  county,  where  he  died.  Xearly  all  the 
others,  of  those  mentioned,  have  remained  in  the 
homes  they  have  created  out  of  the  wilderness. 
The  substantial  farm-houses  and  residences,  pleas- 
antly located  on  the  shores  of  the  lake,  bear  evi- 
dence of  the  prosperity  which  has  attended  those 
who  ventured  here  in  early  days. 

EARLY  KVENTS. — 18.5.5  TO  18-58. 

The  first  store  was  estabUshed  by  M.H.  Pease, 
in  18.5.5.  The  first  mill  was  erected  the  same 
year,  by  a  stock  company  composed  of  citizens  of 
the  town.  It  was  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  occupied 
the  site  on  which  May"s  grist-mill  now  stands. 
This  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  18.58.  April 
26th,  1858,  a  newspaper  was  started  by  Fred  W. 
Crosby  and  Henry  O.  Hammond,  called  the  "  Ex- 
celsior Enterprise."  It  was  short  lived  as  they 
succeeded  in  publishing  but  one  number. 

SAINT  ALBAXS. 

In  1856,  Morris  and  Ilargin  platted  a  village  on 
the  south-east  shore  of  Saint  Alban's  bay,  which 
they  called  Saint  Albans.  A  hotel  was  built  by 
John  McKenzie.  and  a  saw-mill  erected  by  Mor- 
ris and  Hargin.  The  saw-mill  burned  in  1859. 
For  a  short  time  this  village  flourished,  but  the 


financial  crisis  of  1857,  proved  too  much  for  its 
proj)rietors,  and  the  village  succumbed,  and  now 
no  trace  of  it  exists.  The  following  is  related 
by  an  actor  in  the  scene  :  The  proprietors  of 
the  village,  in  order  to  record  their  plat  were  re- 
quired to  produce  evidence  Ijy  a  creditable  wit- 
ness, that  certain  improvements  had  been  made. 
The  gentleman  referred  to,  was  taken  out  from 
Minneapolis  to  view  the  "  city  "  and  testify  that 
the  improvements  required  by  law  had  been 
made.  He  arrived  at  the  '-city"  was  shown 
house  number  one,  then  taken  out  into  the  woods 
a  short  distance,  turned  round  a  few  times  and 
shown  house  number  two.  This  was  repeated 
until  six  houses  had  been  visited.  There  was 
but  one  house  in  the  place  and  he  had  been  taken 
to  it  six  times  from  different  directions.  One 
of  his  visits  was  to  the  school  I VI.  Half  a  dozen 
urchins  had  been  hastily  collected.  These 
were  placed  in  the  house  during  his  absence  in 
the  woods,  and  on  his  return  were  busily  por- 
ing over  their  books.  The  saw-mill  was  a  pile 
of  machinery  thrown  together.  Incidents  of  this 
kind  were  of  frequent  occurrence  in  those  days. 

CIVIL    HISTORY. 

April  loth.  185S.  the  Board  of  County  Commis- 
sioners designated  township  Xo.  117  north,  range 
23  west,  as  the  town  of  Excelsior.  The  first  elec- 
tion was  held  at  the  house  of  John  (ireen.  May 
11th.  1858.  Dr.  E.  Snell  was  chosen  Moderator, 
and  M.  H.  Pease,  Clerk  for  the  day.  The  officers 
elected  were:  Supervisors,  E.  B.  McGrath.  chair- 
man, Lewis  Thompson  and  E.  Beimett:  Town 
Clerk.  Chas.  B.  Sheldon;  Assessor,  Wm.  B.  Jones; 
Collector,  ^I.  H.  Pease;  Constables,  H.  L.  Bee- 
man  and  P.  M.  Gideon;  Justices,  Stephen  Hull 
and  Orville  Wilcox;  Road  Commissioner,  ^Morris 
Powers.  List  of  Chairmen  of  Supervisors:  1859. 
Geo.  Galpin;  1860,  S.  Xorramon;  18f>l-T)2,  Lewis 
Thompson;  1863,  Charles  Galpin;  1864,  H.  L. 
Beeman;  1865-"66-'67.  A.  H.  .lenkins:  lS68-'69. 
C.  F.  Adams;  1870,  J.  II.  Clark:  1871-"72;  F.  G. 
Gould;  1873-"74,  L.  F.  Sampson;  1875,  O.  C. 
Meaker;  1876-77,  Charles  May;  1878,  R.  B.  Mc- 
Grath; 1879,  F.  G.  Gould.  The  officers  elected 
in  1880  were:  Supervisors.  L.  F.  Sampson, 
chairman,  F.  G.  (iould  and  A.  E.  Apgar.  Clerk, 
A.  W.  Latham;  Treasurer,  J.  II.  Letson;  Assess- 
or, G.  A.  Slater;  Justice,  W.  II.  Levau;  Consta- 
ble. H.  H.  Beers. 


250 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


The  boundary  lines  of  Excelsior  remained  as 
originally  designated  l)y  tlie  county  commission- 
ers, until  March  2d.  Lsus.  at  which  time  the  Board 
detached  the  territory  north  of  the  lake  and 
added  the  same  to  the  town  (if  Medina.  This 
was  done  in  accordance  with  the  petition  of  a 
majority  of  the  voters.  The  north  line  of  Ex- 
celsior was  made  tci  follow .  as  nearly  as  possible, 
the  middle  of  the  nurlhern  part  of  Lake  Minne- 
tonka. 

At  a  s)ie(ial  town  meeting,  held  November 
6th.  1H77.  the  (luestion  of  giving  a  subsidy  of  six 
thousand  dollars  to  a  certain  railroad,  was  de- 
feated. February  loth.  ISTs.  the  town  voted  aid, 
to  the  amount  of  four  thousand  dollars,  to  the 
Minneapolis  &  Northwestern  railroad.  The  as- 
sessed valuation  of  real  estate  in  the  town,  ex- 
clusive of  village  lots,  was  in  18S().  Sloo.Ull. 
Personal  property,  $58,716.  Total  amoinil  of 
taxes  in  1880,  S1,0G4.  Tlie  population  of  the 
township,  including  the  village,  is  iciu. 

CHIKI  IIKS. 

The  hrst  (.'ongrcgational  cliurch.  was  organized  i 
July  17.  1H.53.  with  the  following  members  :  Hev.  j 
Charles  (iaiiiin.  pastor,  George  M.  anil  .Julia  Ber- 
tram. Sanniel  Staples.  Joshua  and  Hannah  .Moore. 
Clarrisa  Cleveland,  (ieorge  M.  Powers,  David 
(irilhths  and  James  Phillips.  The  lirst  services 
were  held  in  the  ])arlor  of  the  hotel ;  after  that, 
they  occupied  a  school  house,  then  the  hall  over 
Pease's  store,  until  1857.  From  that  time  initil 
1871,  the  upper  room  of  the  school  building  was 
used.  In  the  latter  year  the  society  erected  a 
church  at  a  cost  of  .^i.oOO.  The  membership 
now  numbers  105.  Uev.  Charles  (Jalpin  had 
charge  iniiil  No\i-nilier.  ln-V).  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Hev.  Clias.  H.  Sheldon,  who  has  since 
continued  in  the  ))astorate  without   inteiruiition. 

Episcopal.  The  lirst  building  erected  express- 
ly for  a  chun-h.  was  )iul  up  by  the  Episcopal 
society,  in  \m-J..  It  was  a  neat  log  structure. 
Services  were  held  by  the  Hev.  J.  S.  Cluimber- 
lain  previous  to  the  erection  of  the  cImmcIi.  Xo 
regular  services  are  maintained. 

The   Methodist    society   have   held    occasional 
services,  but  have  no  church  edifice  and  no  regu-   j 
lar  organization.  j 

srlluui.s. 
The  lirst  scIkioI   was  held  in  a  small  jogbuild- 
nig  erected   for  tlic  ]iinposc.  and  taught  liy  .Miss 


Jane  Wolcott  during  the  summer  of  1854.  This 
building  was  used  until  1857,  when  the  two  story 
frame  building  now  in  use  was  erected.  The 
second  story  was  used  for  church  services  on 
Sunday,  and  during  the  week  by  Rev.  Chas.  Gal- 
pin,  who  kept  a  private  school  known  as  the 
'•Excelsior  Institute."  The  Institute  ceased  in 
1867.  and  the  Congregational  church  society  used 
the  room  until  1871 .  .Since  then  the  entire  build- 
ing has  been  used  for  school  purjuises.  and  a 
graded  school  maintained. 

Outside  of  the  village,  the  township  has  two 
entire  districts,  and  one  joint  district  with  Min- 
netonka.  District  No.  116  has  a  house  lo- 
cated on  section  17.  in  the  north  part  of  the 
town.  School  district  Ko.  59  has  a  house  located 
near  the  county  line,  on  section  32.  (iood  schools 
are  sustained  in  all  the  districts. 

THE   EXCKLSIOK    GKIS'r    MILL. 

AVas  liuilt  by  C.  May.  in  ls7ii.  at  a  cost  of  S8,000. 
It  has  three  runs  of  stone,  with  a  capacity  of  fifty 
barrels  per  day.  In  connection  with  this  mill  is 
a  stave  mill,  producing  amiiially  one  million 
barrel  staves,  with  heads  to  match.  The  jn-od- 
uct  was  formerly  two  million  staves  a  year,  but 
owing  to  scarcity  of  lumber  it  has  been  reduced. 
The  expense  of  operating  these  mills  is  about 
one  hundred  dollars  per  day.  A  six  horse-power 
engine  drives  the  machinery.  Hoth  mills  are 
owned  and  managed  by  Charles  .May. 

Nl'liSKKIES. 

Tiie  township  lias  tlncr  nurseries.  C)ne  es- 
tablislied  by  F.  t4.  (ioidd.  in  1867.  has  about  ten 
acres  under  cidtivation.  Sales  extend  through 
Minnesota,  Iowa,  Wisconsin  and  Dakota  Terri- 
tory. 

.\.  \V.  Lalhani  cstalilislicd  one  in  1870.  with 
one  acre,  and  now  has  eight  acres.  In  1873. began 
planting  a  vineyard,  and  now  has  live  acres  of 
grapes  uniler  cultivation. 

A.  Honjour  has  a  nurser\  lasl  ol'  llii'  village, 
conlaiinng  ten  acics.  maiiil>  'jrapcs.  lie  has 
about  two-thirds  of  an  ai-rc  planted  with  straw- 
berries.  IHoiliicing  several   varieties  of  exeellent 

fruit. 

si'.\ri':  I  iMir  ivioi. 

In  lH-")3  I'etei-  .M.  (iideon  made  his  claim,  and 
the  liillowing  year  began  experiiiii'ntiug  in  fruit 


EXCELSIOB—RAILBOADS— HOTELS. 


251 


culture.  He  continued  peiseveringly,  though 
meeting  with  reverses  and  often  entire  failure. 
In  1878,  thestate  purchased  160  acres  of  land  ad- 
joining Gideon's  farm  on  the  north,  and  estab- 
lished an  experimental  fruit  farm,  placing  Mr. 
Gideon  in  charge.  He  is,  under  the  patronage  of 
the  state,  meeting  with  flattering  success  in  rais- 
ing fruit  of  all  kinds,  making  a  specialty  of  ap- 
ples of  hardy  stock,  adapted  to  this  climate. 

RAILKOADS. 

The  Minneapolis  &  Northwestern  surveyed  a 
line  in  1«78,  which  passess  through  the  township 
from  east  to  west,  south  of  the  lake.  Xo  work 
has  been  done  on  this  line.  Tlie  Minneapolis  & 
St.  Louis  Railway  have  a  line,  projected  in  1880 
completed  from  Hopkins  Station,  on  the  main 
Une,  to  a  point  in  Excelsior  near  the  St.  Louis 
Hotel.  On  the  north  side  of  the  township,  the 
St.  P.,  M.  &  M.  E.  E.  have  a  line,  surveyed  in 
1880,  called  the  North  Shore  Branch,  leaving  the 
main  line  near  Wayzata,  and  passing  through 
tlie  northern  part  of  Excelsior  to  a  point  on  sec- 
tion 17,  where  the  company  purpose  erecting  a 
mammoth  hotel  in  1881. 

SUMMER  HOTEL.S. 

The  St.  Louis  hotel  was  erected  in  1879,  on  the 
eastern  shore  of  Lake  Minnetonka.  It  is  fur- 
nished with  all  modern  conveniences,  and  accom- 
modates four  hundred  guests.  The  Lake  Park 
Hotel  is  located  on  the  south  shore  of  the  lake, 
on  the  ground  laid  out  by  the  Northwestern 
Sunday-school  Association,  known  as  the  Lake 
Park  Grounds.  It  was  built  by  this  association 
in  1879.  Now  owned  by  Seeley  &  Griswokl. 
The  grounds  around  the  hotel  are  tastefully  laid 
out  in  lots,  with  drives  and  walks.  These  lots 
are  occupied  by  cottages  of  summer  visitors.  The 
hotel  occupies  an  eminence  eonnnanding  a  flue 
view  of  the  lake.  The  Hotel  Iliirrow  is  located 
on  Rockwell  Island,  in  the  upper  lake,  and  was 
built  in  1880.  This  Ijuilding  is  finely  situated, 
and  has  rooms  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  guests. 

THE  VILLAGE  OF  EXCELSIOR. 

Excelsior  was  the  first  point  of  settlement  in 
the  township.  Here  was  located  the  post-oflice, 
the  first  stores,  shops,  etc.,  forming  tlie  nucleus 
around  which  the  early  settlers  located  their 
claims  and  made  their  homes.    The  village  was 


platted  in  1853,  but  remained  under  the  town- 
ship government  until  1877,  when  it  was  incor- 
porated by  act  of  legislature. 

The  first  election  was  held  April  Ifith,  1877,  at 
which  the  following  officers  were  elected  :  Presi- 
dent, C.  May ;  Trustees,  L.  F.  Sampson,  Eli 
Small,  Jr.,  and  James  Letson  ;  Recorder,  A.  Mill- 
ner;  Treasurer,  E.  II.  Page.  The  village  now 
contains  three  stores,  which  carry  stocks  of  dry 
goods  and  general  merchandise,  one  grocery  store, 
two  meat  markets,  three  blacksmith  shops,  one 
harness  shop,  one  hardware  store,  and  one  shoe 
store. 

Excelsior  has  become  one  of  the  principal 
points  of  interest  to  the  tourists,  who  flock  to 
Lake  Minnetonka  in  summer,  and  the  people 
find  themselves  sometimes  taxed  to  accommodate 
their  visitors. 

HOTELS. 

The  "  Excelsior  House  "  was  built  by  George 
Galpin  in  1851,  and  was  at  that  time  of  small 
proportions.  The  original  building  is  now  used 
as  a  kitchen  for  the  present  hotel.  John  Green 
purchased  the  house  and  made  some  additions. 
The  ownership  then  reverted  to  Galpin,  who  sold 
it  to  a  Mr.  Beckford.  He  managed  it  about  four 
years,  since  which  time  it  has  been  owned  by  the 
Wait  family.  The  building  has  been  enlarged 
from  time  to  time,  until  it  now  contains  room 
for  150  guests.  It  is  kept  open  summer  and  win- 
ter. 

The  "  Long  View,"  located  on  what  is  known 
as  the  "Water  Cure  "  lot,  was  built  in  1863,  and 
accommodates  fifty  guests.  It  is  owned  and 
managed  by  Daniel  Connor. 

The  "  AMiite  House "  is  a  two-story  frame 
building  erected,  in  1872.  It  has  a  capacity  for 
thirty  people,  and  is  conducted  by  William  Simp- 
son. 

The  "  Slater  House "'  is  also  a  frame  building 
of  two  stories,  erected  in  1880.  It  has  room  for 
fifty  guests. 

The  •'  Appledore "  House  is  run  by  H.  H. 
Beers.  It  is  pleasantly  located,  and  accommo- 
dates thirty  guests  comfortably.  It  was  built 
in  1878. 

"May's  House,"  a  three-story  frame,  was  built 
in  1877.  It  occupies  a  fine  site  overlooking  the 
lake. 


252 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


There  are  a  number  of  boardiiifc  houses,  among 
them  the  "  DeCimodt '"  liouse.  ami  ••Pleasant 
(irove  ■"  house. 

SOCIKTIKS. 

Masonic  Lodge  number  11;^.  A.  1'.  and  .V.  .M.. 
of  Excelsior,  was  organized  in  July,  1874,  and  a 
charter  granted  by  the  (Jrand  Lodge  of  the 
state  in  the  year  bsv-").  Tlie  lirst  otiicers  were: 
().  C.  Meaker.  W.  M.i  I).  ('.  Hunt.  S.  W.:  Wni. 
.Mihier.  .T.  "W.:  IL  8.  Eldridge.  Secretary;  M. 
.Ma>nard.  Treasurer.  Tins  society  has  been  in 
a  lliiurishing  cdudition  since  its  oi-gaiuzation. 
Lnlil  the  fall  ot  isso.  they  met  in  the  hall  over 
tlie  post-ollice.  They  now  occojiy  a  roiim  in  a 
building  erected  for  the  lodge  by   Wm.  Simpson. 

A  (iood  Templars  society  was  organized  in 
.Marcli.  IMi'i.  witli  acliartergranted  by  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  tlie  state.  This  society  disbanded  in 
18()7.  Another  society  was  organized  in  ISTT.by 
.Iiihn  Dunliani.  wliicli  rcuwiincd  in  existence  but 
one  year. 

i;i)A  rs. 

The  hrst  steamlmat  toiilyon  Lake  .MinucUiuka 
was  built  by  Hev.  ('has.  (ialpin.  in  18o5.  and 
called  the  "(iovernor  Ramsey".  Slie  remained  in 
service  until  18(52.  when  becoming  loosened  from 
her  moorings  dnring  a  storm,  she  lloated  out  on 
the  lake  and  sank.  She  was  afterwards  raised, 
and  her  machinery  is  ikiw  dciing  seivice  in  the 
Kandilcr.  Tlic  liiijl  ua>  rclmih  and  is  used  as  a 
barge. 

The  Sue  (ianliicr  \\a^  Uic  next  IkimI.  Slicxias 
brought  to  the  lake  \i\  Charles  (iardner  in  the 
>ear  181)8,  and  remained  ahoul  three  years. 

The  May  (^iieen  was  launched  in  187:-!  and  was 
in  service  until  Jinie  2!itli.  isT'.i.  wlieu  she  was 
destroyed  by  the  explosion  of  hcrlioilci-  at  linck- 
welTs  Island.  This  cxplosinn  wa-^  attended  with 
lo.ss  of  life. 

The  Ilatlie  May  is  a  steni-wlieel  lidal.  Ion  IVet 
long  anil  eighteen  feet  wide.  She  is  owned  l)y 
('.  May.  and  was  launclied  in  1878.  The  City  of 
.Minne;ipiilis.  is  m  iiicipeller  liuill  in  bsNO.  ■.\\sn 
owned  by  C.  .\Ia.\ .  The  steamer  ,Mar\  was 
launched  in  187H,  and  was  in  active  um'  until 
.July  1st.  1880.  when  her  boiler  exploded  as  she 
was  lying  at  the  St.  Louis  Ibilel  landing.  This 
explosion  was  also  allendeil  with  loss  nf  life. 
Tlie   Nbirv  was  rebinll  liv  .Majur  llalsted.  in  the 


winter  of  1880-"81.  The  Saney  Kate,  formerly  the 
Katie  May,  was  launched  in  1878.  and  exploded 
her  boiler  soon  after.  She  was  rebuilt,  and  is  now 
owned  by  Capt.  Shepard.  The  steamer  Haudjler 
is  used  as  a  freight-boat.  There  are  several  sail- 
boats owned  in  T-^xcelsior :  the  largest  of  these  is 
the  Cocpiette.  built  by  A.  Westlake  in  1879. 

Several  Meets  of  small  boats,  for  the  use  of 
visitors,  are  owned  in  Excelsinr.  and  at  each  of 
the  summer  hotels. 

liKKJUAl'lllCAL. 

L.  .\.  .\iistin.  born  in  .\orwa\  in  is.'il.  enu- 
grated  to  America  in  I8«)!l  and  settled  at  Morris, 
^linnesota  :  he  remained  there  until  1870,  then 
moved  to  Minneapolis  and  lived  six  years,  then 
settled  on  I>ake  Mimietonka.  He  was  married  in 
1873.  to  Bessie  Larson  of  Litchlield.  They  have 
one  child,  Ida. 

E.  A.  Babcock.  born  in  Washington  <-ounly. 
■\'ermont.  in  1832.  Moved  with  parents  to  Wor- 
cester, Massachusetts,  remained  there  three  years; 
settled  linally  in  Xewi)ort,  New  Hampshire,  until 
l83ii.  when  thi-,\  removed  to  Enfield,  remaining 
there  until  l8tU;  he  tlieii  iuommI  to  Excelsior. 
.Minnesota.  Marrii'd  in  October.  Isiil.  to  Kinily  L. 
Ihskhie.  of  Wayne  coiiiit>.  Michigan.  They 
liave  two  children  living.  His  father.  .Vugustus 
Babcock,  came  to  Ilennepin  county  in  ls.51. 

II.  II.  B'-'crs.  Iioni  in  .\ddison  coniit.\.  \'cr- 
moiit.  183L  moved  to  Mower  county.  JSIinnesota. 
in  1S72.  and  remained  there  until  1877.  when  he 
iiioNcd  to  Deadwciod  and  I'eiuained  until  ln'  set- 
tled in  Kxcelsior  in  1878.  and  started  the  ■■  .\)iple- 
dore  liouse."  lie  has  been  married  twice.  His 
first  wife  dieil  in  Mower  count\.  Married  Ibr 
second  wife.  Miss  M.  Ed(l>  of  N'eiinonl. 

A.  1'.  Beemaii,  born  in  .Maine,  1s2n.  h\cd  at 
l.e  wist  on,  and  Lowell.. Mass..  seven  years.  \'isited 
iiiaiiy  parts  of  the  world,  spending  some  time  in 
.\ustialia.  .Moxed  to  Kxcelsior  in  18.'")3.  where 
he  has  since  resi<led.  i-^ilisted  in  18(13  in  Com- 
pany I).  Second  Cavalry.  .Served  two  years,  was 
lionoialil>  discliariieil  ;it  t'oil  Siiellini;  in  Isd."). 
.Married  in  Is."))  to  Louisa  .M.  .Midgle\.  of  .Monl- 
lielier.  Is  |)idprietor  of  a  .Siughiim  machine  of 
Madison  Manufacturing  Company's  patent  crush- 
er and  Stuhhs  pans,  with  lapacily  for  l.')(i  gallons 
per  day, 

.\.    lionjonr.    Iiorn    hi    Sw  il/ciland,  ls3."),  enii- 


EXCELSIOR— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


253 


grated  to  America  in  1872.  Settled  in  Chan- 
liassen.  Carver  county,  Minnesota,  where  lie 
remained  for  two  years,  when  he  moved  to  Ex- 
celsior, where  lie  has  since  resided. 

A.  D.  Burcli,  horn  in  St.  Lawrence  county. 
New  York,  September,  1843.  Moved  to  Michi- 
gan in  1870,  remained  there  until  1873.  Came  to 
Excelsior,  Miniiesola,  in  1878.  Attended  the 
W'esleyau  Seminary  in  St.  Lawrence  county,  X. 
Y.,  graduated  in  the  law  department  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Michigan,  in  1869.  He  followed  teaching 
several  years  ;  the  present  term  is  his  third  one 
at  Excelsior  as  principal  of  the  graded  schools. 
Married  in  1870  to  Lotta  Johnson,  of  New  York. 
Two  children  have  l)eeii  Ijorn  to  them. 

J.  II.  Clark,  born  in  Bennington,  \'erniont. 
1830.  Moved  to  Wyoming  county,  N.  Y.,  thence 
to  DeKalb  C(mnty.  Illinois.  Married  Susan  Dud- 
ley in  184S  ;  went  to  California  in  ls49  :  returned 
in  1850;  went  again,  and  returned  to  Illinois  in 
18.51,  where  he  remained  t\)ur  years,  removed  to 
St.  Anthony.  !Minn.  :  thence  to  Wayzata,  being 
one  of  the  first  settlers  ;  in  18.56  pre-empted  the 
land  on  which  Long  Lake  village  now  stands  ;  in 
the  year  18.58,  moved  to  Excelsior,  and  in  1860  re- 
turned to  Illinois  and  located  in  Henry  county  ;  in 
1862  enlisted  in  112th  Illinois  regiment,  serving  as 
Sergeant,  promoted  to  Lieutenant  by  Governor 
Yates,  had  entire  command  of  the  company  for 
two  years  ;  was  wounded  at  Atlanta,  absent  from 
command  only  about  four  months:  joined  tlie 
company  at  Isattle  of  Eranklin.  On  dispersion 
of  IIood"s  army  joined  Sherman's  command  at 
Goldsboro,  North  Carolina,  and  was  mustered 
out  at  Greenslioro,  and  honorably  discharged  at 
Chicago.  July  3,  186.5.  returning  to  his  family  in 
Henry  county,  where  he  remained  until  the 
spring  of  1867,  when  he  returned  to  Excelsior. 
Has  been  honored  with  all  its  offices.  He  repre- 
sented his  district,  in  1877-8.  in  the  House.  He 
is  the  father  of  eight  children,  seven  now  living. 

Elijah  Carson,  born  m  Somerset  county,  Maine, 
1806;  lived  there  thirty  years :  moved  to  Chica- 
go and  remained  one  year.  All  his  family  died 
there  excepting  one  daughter  ;  moved  to  Bloom- 
ington.  Illinois,  and  remained  four  years  ;  settled 
in  I^xcelsior,  Minnesota,  in  18.5-5,  and  has  lived 
here  ever  since  excepting  four  years  in  California. 
Married  in  1866  to  Maria  Wilson  of  Excelsior. 

Daniel  Connor,  born  in   Ireland,   1823,  moved 


to  America  in  1849,  and  settled  in  New  York 
where  he  remained  two  years  ;  moved  to  Elgin, 
Illinois,  and  worked  at  shoemaking  five  years ; 
moved  to  Delavan,  Wis.,  and  lived  five  years,  then 
remo^•ed  to  Excelsior,  Minnesota,  and  settled  on 
the  banks  of  Lake  Minnetonka.  He  began  keepuig 
summer  boarders  ill  1863.  at  Long  View  House, 
once  known  as  the  Water  Cure  site.  Enlisted  in 
Independent  Hangers,  as  2nd  Lieutenant,  serving 
as  Captain  Co.  II.  state  Militia.  Married  in  1872 
to  Mary  Ann  Nifort. 

Fritz  Dittfach,  born  in  Germany,  1843.  Emi- 
grated to  America  in  1869.  and  settled  at  Winona, 
where  he  remained  about  one  year,  then  to  Uush- 
ford.  and  worked  two  years  as  second  miller,  and 
two  years  as  first  miller.  ^Vol•ked  in  the  Anchor 
mill  at  Minneapolis  a  short  time;  then  took 
charge  of  May's  mill  at  Excelsior.  Has  l)een 
married  twice.  His  present  wife  was  Janett 
Jliller,  of  Rushford.  He  has  had  four  cliildren; 
three  are  now  living. 

Enos  Day,  born  in  St.  Albans,  Vermont,  in 
1800.  Lived  there  tw'enty-one  years,  then  moved 
to  Franklin  county,  New  York.  Married  to  his 
third  wife.  Lucinda  Simonds,  in  1833.  Moved  to 
St.  Anthony,  Minnesota,  in  18-56,  and  to  Excel- 
sior the  same  year.  Died  in  1874.  His  wife  died 
in  1872. 

George  E.  Day,  born  in  Franklin  county.  New 
York,  in  184.5.  Lived  with  his  parents  until 
their  death,  excepting  the  time  spent  in  the  army. 
Enlisted  August  14,  1862,  in  Company  B,  9th 
Minnesota  A'oluiiteers.  Served  three  years,  and 
was  discharged  at  Fort  SnelUng.  Married  in 
1877  to  Mrs.  Stoddard,  daugliter  of  C.  J.  West- 
lake.    They  have  one  child. 

Alcibiades  Day  ideceased),  iiorn  in  Frankhn 
county,  New  York,  1839.  Enlisted  in  Company 
E,  113th  Illinois  and  died  in  tlie  hospital  at 
Memphis,  Tennessee,  in  the  spring  of  1.S62. 

William  H.  Ferguson,  born  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  in  1816.  Emigrated  to  America  in 
1825,  and  settled  in  Maryland.  Married  in  ist.5 
to  Lydia  Dale  Esty.  Taught  school  in  Rockland 
county,  New  York,  five  years,  and  was  railroad 
agent  in  Chemung  county  five  years.  J»Ioved  to 
Minnesota  in  18.54,  and  settled  on  what  is  now 
known  as  Ferguson's  Point.  His  house  was  the 
resort  for  the  Indians.  He  was  drowned  Novem- 
ber 22d,  18-57.     They  had  two  children.     Mrs. 


254 


HISTORY  VF  BESyEPiy  CVUyTY. 


Ferfruson  -was  manied  in  1S62  to  Frederick  Iloltz. 
of  Prussia,  who  enlisted  in  ronii)any  (i.  4th  Min- 
nesota Yolunteers,  iu  Xovenil)er.  ISfil.  and  was 
wotnided  at  Corinth.  :Mississi))pi.  in  July.  ISfii;. 
Died  at  Minneapolis.  January  Ititli,  1.S69. 

P.  M.  Gideon  was  born  in  Champaign  county, 
Ohio,  in  1820.  Lived  there  twenty-one  years, 
then  moved  to  Clinton.  Illinois;  from  there  to 
Excelsior,  Minnesota,  in  1853.  where  he  found 
plenty  of  Indians,  and  but  half  a  dozen  families 
of  whites  around  the  lake.  He  is  superintendent 
of  the  state  exjierimental  fruit  farm,  founded  in 
1878.  lie  began  fruit  growing  in  ]8o4.  His 
efforts  have  been  experimental,  and  have  been  to 
his  entire  satisfaction  :  he  is  now  one  of  the  most 
successful  fruit  growers  in  Minnesota.  Married 
Wealthy  Hall.  January  2d.  1849.  They  have 
seven  children. 

Silas  Howard  was  bor)i  in  rrovidcnce  county. 
Rhode  Island,  in  1804.  AVas  engaged  in  the  coal 
and  wood  trade  in  the  East  until  he  came  to 
Minnesota  in  1858.  and  took,  under  the  home- 
stead law.  what  is  now  known  as  Howard's 
Point,  located  on  upper  Lake  ISIiimetonka.  Mar- 
ried in  1845  to  Lydia  Reed.  One  child  was  born 
to  them— Simeon,  born  in  1840.  Came  to  Min- 
nesota with  his  parents,  and  lives  on  an  adjoining 
farm.  He  was  married  in  1870  to  Adeline  Kib- 
bey.  They  have  had  three  children,  two  now- 
living. 

A.  H.  Hopkins,  born  in  Providence.  Rhode 
Island,  in  1837.  Moved  to  Hennepin  county  in 
1 854,  and  located  near  Hopkins  Station.  Married 
in  1850  to  Susan  C.  "Wood,  of  Providence.  Re- 
turned in  the  same  year  to  the  old  home.  In 
1861  came  to  Excelsior,  and  has  since  made  it  his 
home.  P^nlisted  in  1802  iu  Company  B.Oth  2^Iin- 
nesota  A'olunteers.  serving  one  year  under  fien. 
Sibley  among  the  Indians  :  then  under  Generals 
Smith  and  Sturgis,  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 
two  years.  AVas  honorably  discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling  in  1865.  Is  a  member  of  the  Old  Set- 
tlers' Association.  They  have  four  children  now 
living. 

Andrew  Hoiby.  born  in  Norway,  in  1840. 
Came  to  America  in  18r,s.  and  settled  in  Minne- 
apolis, working  at  his  tiadc  until  lie  umvcd  tn 
Excelsior,  in  1H7h.  and  established  his  present 
business,  blacksmltli  and  wagou-niaker.  Has 
been  married  twice.    First  wife  died  in  Norway. 


His  second  wife  was  Bertha  Delle.  of  Excelsior, 
whom  he  married  in  1S7S. 

L.  C.  Hilton,  born  in  North  New  Castle,  Maine, 
where  he  lived  for  twenty-two  years,  when  he 
came  to  Minnesota,  and  settled  at  Princeton. 
Enlisted  at  Red  Wing,  in  Company  F,  6th  Min- 
nesota Volunteers.  Served  in  the  comjiany  about 
one  year;  then  was  transferred  to  the  invalid 
corps,  and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling.  Retiu'ned  to  Princeton,  remained  there 
initil  1877.  then  bought  his  present  farm  on  Lake 
Minnetonka.  Married  Lucretia  (iarlinghouse.  in 
1871.     Is  the  father  of  four  children,  all  living. 

AVilliam  Harvey,  bom  in  Scotland,  1813.  Mov- 
ed to  America  in  1850.  Settled  in  Broome  coun- 
ty, N.  Y.,  then  moved  to  McLean  county,  Illi- 
nois. Came  to  Hennepin  county  in  1854,  and 
took  a  claim  in  Excelsior,  on  which  he  has  since 
lived.  Married  1835.  in  Scotland,  to  Isabel  Mil- 
ler.    Had  one  child,  that  died  in  Scotland. 

J.  J.  Harrison,  born  in  Erie,  Pennsylvania, 
1848.  Moved  to  Juneau  county,  Wisconsin, 
where  he  lived  until  he  came  to  Minnesota  in 
1874.  settling  in  Excelsior  in  1877.  In  1878  he 
liought  the  blacksmith  shop  which  he  is  now 
operating.  Married  in  Juneau  county,  AViscon- 
sin,  to  Abbie  Dutton.  They  have  three  children 
living. 

August  Hay.  born  in  New  York  city,  1850. 
.Moved  to  Miinieapolis  in  18(17.  and  embarked  in 
the  meat  business,  which  he  followed  until  18S0, 
when  he  located  at  Excelsior  in  the  same  busi- 
ness. ^Marrleil  in  1877  to  Caroline  Thaler,  of 
New  York  ('it\ .     Is  tlie  father  of  one  child. 

Jesse  L.  Jellison,  born  in  Ellsworth.  Maine, 
1845.  Moved  to  Springlield.  Illinois  ;  moved  to 
Minneapolis  wlien  thirteen  years  old,  which  has 
l)een  his  home  since.  Enlisted  in  comiiany  E, 
ICightli  .Minnesota,  in  1S()2.  Serve<l  a  few  months, 
wlirn  he  enlisted  again  in  Hatch's  Hattallion,  in 
lsii:{.and  served  against  the  Indians.  \Vas  hon- 
orikbly  discliarged  at  Kort  Snelling  in  isiiil.  .Mar- 
ried in  1S71  til  J-:il(lova  l-'iilliT.  Thex  have  four 
childicn. 

W.  1>.  .lones.  Ihmu  in  .Madison  cnuuty.  New 
V(irk,  1828.  Moved  and  lorated  in  Saint  An- 
lliony  in  18.55.  then  to  Excelsior  in  1850.  Took  a 
claim,  and  in  1800  .started  a  store.  AVius  Post- 
master for  eighteen  years.     Has  been  twice  mar- 


EXCELSIOR— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


255 


ried,  the  first  time  in  1850;  the  seeond  in  1876  to 
Mary  H.  Jiloore. 

A.  W.  Latham,  born  on  Massachusetts  Bay, 
1845.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1865,  and  taught 
school  two  years.  Served  a  short  term  in  the  war 
of  the  rebellion.  Married  in  1867,  to  Miss  D.  W. 
White.  They  have  live  children.  He  started  a 
nursery  in  1870,  and  now  has  live  acres  appropri- 
ated to  grape  culture.  The  stock  of  thi^;  imrsery 
is  pecularly  adapted  to  the  climate  of  this  state 
and  Manitoba. 

W.  H.  LeVan,  l)orn  in  Columbia  county,  Ohio, 
1844,  where  he  lived  until  eighteen  years  of  age. 
when  he  moved  to  Washington  county,  Illinois. 
There  he  remained,  except  a  short  time  spent  in 
Ohio,  until  1874,  when  he  came  to  Excelsior. 
Married  in  1866,  to  Miss  A.  A.  Way,  of  Jefferson 
county,  Illinois.    They  have  five  children. 

R.  K.  Luce  was  born  in  Oneida  county,  New 
York,  1839.  He  lived  there  until  twenty-six 
years  of  age.  then  moved  to  Saint  Joseph,  Jliclii- 
gan,  and  was  engaged  in  the  fruit  business  until 
1878,  when  he  moved  to  Minneapolis.  July  loth, 
1880.  came  to  Excelsior  and  engaged  witli  Aug- 
ustin  Thompson.  Married  in  1865,  to  Elizabeth 
Dixon,  of  Oneida  county.  New  York.  They  have 
one  child. 

T.  McArty.  liorn  in  Washington  county,  Indi- 
ana, 1820.  Lived  in  different  parts  of  the  state 
until  1854,  then  moved  to  Carver  county,  Minne- 
sota. He  was  married  to  Harriet  A.  Thompson, 
of  Elkhart  county,  Indiana,  in  1848.  He  en- 
listed in  the  New  York  Eitles  in  istu,  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Cold  Harbor  and  taken  to  Anderson- 
ville  Prison,  where  he  died  from  ill  treatment  in 
1865.  They  liave  live  children.  Mrs.  McArty 
was  born  in  Wayne  county.  Indiana,  and  now 
lives  at  Excelsior. 

E.  B.  McGrath,  born  in  Oxford  county,  Maine, 
1831.  Moved  to  Lewiston  Falls  in  1850,  and 
worked  at  carpentering.  In  1851  he  went  to  Chica- 
go, then  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  where  he  remained 
until  18.53.  He  then  came  to  Excelsior.  Was 
the  first  white  settler  at  tins  point,  and  built  the 
first  log-cabin.  Enlisted  in  Company  D,  Second 
Cavalry,  in  1863,  and  was  Iionorably  discharged 
at  Fort  Snelling  in  1865.  Married  to  his  first 
wife  in  1856.  She  died  in  1858.  Married  again 
in  1866,  to  Nellie  Midegly.  They  have  two  child- 
ren. 


O.  C.  Meaker,  born  in  Monkton,  Harrison 
county,  Vermont.  1835.  When  nine  years  of  age 
he  went  to  Barre,  AVashington  county,  where  he 
lived  eleven  years,  learning  the  moulder's  trade 
and  working  at  the  same.  Moved  to  Minnesota 
and  settled  in  Excelsior  in  1871,  and  has  since  re- 
sided here,  acting  as  Chairman  of  town  board  one 
year  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  two  years.  Married 
Mary  Hale,  of  Stowe,  March  4th,  1856. 

E.  D.  Newell,  born  in  Essex  county,  New 
York,  1848.  Moved  with  parents  to  Prescott, 
Wisconsin,  and  remained  until  1877.  Came  to 
^linneapolis  in  May,  1879.  and  in  June  of  same 
year  moved  to  Excelsior  and  estaljlished  his  pres- 
ent milUnery  and  ladies'  furnishing  store,  the 
first  one  of  the  kind  in  the  town.  Married  in 
1871  to  Edla  D.  Cook,  of  River  Falls,  Wisconsin. 
Their  two  children  have  passed  to  the  better 
land. 

E.  H.  Page,  born  in  Penn  Yan.  Yates  county. 
New  York,  1842.  Moved  with  his  parents  to 
Litchfield  county,  Connecticut,  and  lived  there 
until  1867.  when  he  moved  to  Excelsior,  Mimie- 
sota.  In  1875  he  married  Ellen  II.  Pease,  a  wid- 
ow whose  husband  established  the  Pleasant 
Grove  House,  which  they  have  enlarged  to  double 
its  former  capacity.    They  have  four  children. 

E.  R.  Perkins,  M.  D..  born  in  Orleans  county. 
New  York,  1843.  Received  his  medical  educa- 
tion at  the  Hahnemann  Homeopathic  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia.  First  commenced  the 
practice  of  medicine  at  Excelsior,  May.  1878. 
Came  to  the  state  in  1854.  Married  in  1864  Julia 
A.  Chase.  Enlisted  in  1861  in  Company  D,  Sec- 
ond Regiment  Infantry.  Discharged  honorably 
at  Nashville,  Tennessee.  They  have  four  child- 
ren: Louis,  Willie,  Grade  and  Edna. 

C.  E.  Prince,  born  at  Windsor,  Berkshire  coun- 
ty, Mass.,  in  1856,  and  resided  there  until  1862, 
when  he  moved  to  South  Adams,  and  remained 
until  1874,  then  moved  to  Green  Lake  county, 
Wisconsin.  In  1875  came  to  Excelsior,  Minne- 
sota, where  he  has  since  lived.  Has  been  in  the 
employ  of  L.  F.  Sampson  and  C.  May,  as  book- 
keeper, and  is  now  engaged  with  A.  Thompson. 

L.  F.  Sampson  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
Maine,  1843,  and  lived  there  until  he  came  to 
Saint  Anthony  in  1853.  where  he  resided  vmtil 
1864.  He  then  settled  in  Excelsior.  In  1876  es- 
tablished himself  in  mercantile  business.    Ap- 


2-56 


HISTORT  OF  nESNEPIS  COUNTY. 


pointed  Postmaster  in  1878.  wliich  office  he  now 
liolds.  lie  enlisted  in  company  1).  First  Minne- 
sota Infantry.  May,  1861.  AVas  wovnided  at  tlie 
battle  of  Antietam.  and  honorably  discharged  at 
Uplin.  Chester  county.  Pennsylvania,  in  the  hos- 
|iital  in  IsiiS.  Enlisted  ajrain  in  Hallery  II.  First 
Minnesota  Heavy  Artillery,  as  First  Sergeant,  in 
1865,  and  served  until  close  of  the  war.  Mar- 
ried .Inly.  isiw.  to  Kli/.a  Si)aidding.  Have  six 
children. 

Harvey  E.  Scott,  born  in  Orleans  comity,  Vei"- 
mont.  1824.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  186-5.  En- 
listed in  company  E.  First  Minnesota  Infantry, 
and  served  under  General  McClellan  for  thiee 
years.  Honorably  discharged  at  ■Washington, 
D.  C,  in  1864.  Wounded  and  taken  prisoner  at 
Savage's  Station.  Spent  23  days  at  ■■  Libby 
prison."  E.xchanged  at  City  Point  and  transferred 
to  the  Veteran  Keserve  Corps.  Came  to  Excel- 
sior, and  located  where  he  now  lives.  Married 
in  186it.  to  Mary  E.  Murray.  They  have  three 
children. 

Silas  A.  Scamans.  horn  in  Providence  county. 
U.  I.,  in  1823.  Moved  and  lived  in  Windham 
county,  Coini.  When  eighteen  years  old,  returned 
to  Rhode  Island,  and  came  to  excelsior  in  1854. 
When  he  fir.st  came  here,  there  were  but  two 
houses  in  the  town.  He  took  a  claim,  and  has 
been  engaged  in  farming  until  the  last  few  years, 
which  have  been  spent  at  his  trade  as  painter, 
lie  cidisted  in  i'omi)any  15.  Ninth  Minnesota 
\'olunteers.  and  served  anxing  the  Indians.  He 
has  married  twice,  tlie  sccdud  lime  tn  Kli/aliitli 
Cole  of  Excelsior. 

Hev.  C.  15.  Sheldon.  JHirn  in  Willianistown, 
Berkshire  county,  Mass.,  in  1821.  (Iraduated  at 
William's  College  in  1847,  then  entered  the  Wes- 
tern Heserve  Theological  Institute,  where  lie  re- 
mained three  years.  First  pastoral  charge  was  at 
Iiei)nbljc,  Seneca  county.  Ohio.  Hemaiiied  there 
until  1855,  when  he  started  for  Hiver  Falls.  Wis., 
with  his  own  private  conveyance,  traveling  a  dis- 
tance of  overone  thousand  miles  to  Prescott,  Wis., 
where  he  learned  miioIIhm  minislci- hail  been  ap- 
pointed for  niver  I'alls.  and  that  the  conference 
had  reconimeniled  liim  to  Excelsi<ir.  Minn.  He 
at  once  st^irted  for  that  place,  and  reachetl  it  No- 
vember 16,  ]K.").5,  where  he  found  six  houses,  and 
a  church  membershiii  of  thirty-seven.  Preached 
his  lirsl  sermiiii  in  the  sitting  room  of  tlie  hotel. 


After  that  held  meetings  in  Pease's  Hall  for 
three  years.  Married  in  1847.  to  Mary  K.  Pren- 
tice, of  South  Canaan.  Conn.  They  have  eight 
children  living. 

William  Simpson,  born  in  Xew  Hnuiswick.  in 
1837,  where  he  remained  until  1865,  when  he  set- 
tled at  Excelsior,  opened  the  Excelsior  House, 
which  he  conducted  for  two  years  ;  then  took  the 
White  House,  which  he  has  enlarged  to  acconi- 
niodale  about  nhiety  guests.  .Married,  in  18(i!), 
to  a  daughter  of  Pardon  SheriiiaM.  of  Indiana. 

G.  A.  Slater,  born  in  Chanii)aigii  county.  Illin- 
ois, in  1843.  Came  to  .Minnesota  in  isii.").  Set- 
tled in  Carver  coinilx.  lived  there  until  he 
moved  to  Excelsior,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
In  1880,  opened  the  Slater  House,  which  he  has 
enlarged  to  accommodate  fifty  guests.  Married, 
in  1867,  to  Miss  H.  C.  Thompson.  They  have 
three  children. 

Z.  1).  Spaulding.  Ijorii  at  I'mnfort,  \'erniont. 
in  1821.  Moved  to  Sullivan  county.  New  Hamp- 
shire :  lived  there  twenty-two  years,  and  moved 
to  I5ui-rellville.  H.  1..  wlicre  he  learned  the 
machinists'  trade.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1854. 
Settled  near  Excelsior,  experiencing  many  hard- 
shi))s.  having  to  grind  corn  in  a  rotfee  mill. 
Married  his  third  wife,  Nancy  J.,  daughter  of 
Amasa  ami  Anna  Seamans,  in  1875.  Mr.  Spauld- 
ing remembers  the  Indian  raid  of  1862.  very 
distinctly.  At  that  time  many  of  his  neighbors 
iciMo\cd  to  .Minneaiiolis. 

1'.  H.  Turner,  born  in  Kennebec  county,  Maine, 
in  IS3S.  Came  to  ilinnesota  in  1856,  and  settled 
in  St.  Anthony,  where  he  conducted  the  harness 
business.  .Vlso  opened  a  shoj)  in  Minneapolis, 
managing  both  at  the  same  lime.  lie  then  spent 
four  years  in  .\noKa  county,  lainiinix.  In  l.s7(;. 
located  in  Excelsioi-.  and  oliened  the  only  harness 
shop  in  town.  Married,  in  ls76.  to  15eulah  Phil- 
briHik.     Have  two  rliildrcn. 

.\uguslin  Thompson  was  Ixun  in  Somerset 
county,  .Maine,  in  lst7.  and  came  to  .Minnesota 
in  1863.  Located  in  .Minneapolis.  In  1S7I  he 
engageil  in  the  ilrug  and  fancy  goods  business, 
which  in  lH7!t  he  removed  to  ICxcelsior,  and  has 
since  conducted  a  general  merchandise  business. 
Married.  January  1  ")th.  1871.  to  Miss  E.Nettie 
Parker,  of  .Minneapolis.  She  wius  the  fifth  white 
child  boi'ii  in  lli'nni'|iin  county. 


MINNETBISTA—SETTLEMEN  T. 


Z57 


MINNETPvISTA. 


CHAPTER  XLI. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION — FIRST  SETTLEMENT — 
EARLY  SETTLERS— ORGANIZATION — SCHOOLS 
— CHURCHES POST  OFFICES STORES — BIO- 
GRAPHICAL. 

Miiinetrista  is  located  in  the  extreme  south- 
western corner  of  Hennepin  county.  It  is  bound- 
ed on  tlie  north  by  Independence,  west  and  soutli 
by  Carver  county,  east  by  Excelsior  and  Medina. 
The  surface  is  gently  undulalinK,  with  an  occa- 
sional abruption,  which  tends  to  enliance  its  gen- 
eral appearance  and  take  from  it  all  evidence  of 
monotony.  Originally,  it  was  covered  witli  a 
heavy  growth  of  hard  and  soft  maple,  white  and 
red  oak,  basswood  and  elm.  But  these  somewhat 
formidable  barriers  have  yielded  to  the  advancing 
stroke  of  settlement  and  civilization,  and  at  the 
present  time,  but  a  small  portion  of  the  original 
timber  remains,  the  settlers  having  cleared  it  for 
farming  purposes.  The  town  is  dotted  here  and 
there,  with  lakes,  the  largest  one  being  Whale 
Tail  Lake,  so  called  on  account  of  its  shape. 
No  fish,  like  the  one  that  gave  Jonah  his  pre-his- 
toric  notoriety,  swim  its  pure  waters  ;  lint  the 
modern  sizes  are  found  in  abundance,  which  grow, 
perhaps,  with  reference  to  the  size  of  the  modern 
frying  pan.  Ox  Yoke  lake,  which  derived 
its  name  from  being  in  the  form  of  an  ox  yoke  ; 
Long  Lake,  so  named  because  of  its  length, 
which  is  more  than  one  mile ;  Dutch  lake,  so 
named  in  an  early  day  on  account  of  there  being 
a  settlement  of  (iermans  on  its  borders.  Here 
they  settled,  Iwinging  with  them  the  manners  and 
customs  of  the  Father-land,  only  to  be  crystal- 
lized into  the  American  manners  and  customs. 
Langdon  Lake,  in  honor  of  K.  V.  Langdon, 
the  first  clerk  of  this  town ;  Woodward  lake, 
in  honor  of    D.   "Woodward  who  located  on  its 

banks.    Sanders  Lake,  named  for  X.  II.  Sanders, 
17 


who  settled  on  land  lying  between  Ilalsted's 
Bay  and  the  lake  bearing  his  name.  He  was 
one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  the  south-east- 
ern part  of  the  town,  which  is  almost  entire- 
ly covered  by  Lake  Minnetouka  and  small  bays, 
promment  among  which  are  "Halsted's"  bay,  in 
honor  of  Frank  W.  Halsted,  an  old  settler,  and 
"Cook's"  bay,  named  in  honor  of  M.S.  Cook  who 
is  one  of  the  pioneers. 

FIRST   SETTLEMENT. 

The  different  parts  of  the  town  of  Miimetrista, 
seem  to  have  been  settled,  at  or  near  the  same 
time.  In  the  south- western  part  two  brothers, 
Joseph  and  John  Merz,  made  a  claim  of  320 
acres,  on  .section  thirty-two,  some  time  during 
the  fall  of  1853,  but  did  not  locate  here  until  the 
spring  of  1854.  During  the  same  year  a  claim  of 
141  acres  was  made  by  John  Carman  (then 
living  in  Excelsior)  for  M.  S.  Cook.  This  claim 
was  made  on  section  thirteen,  on  what  is  now 
known  as  Cook's  Bay.  In  the  spring  of  1854,  N. 
H.  Sanders  and  J.  F.  Buck,  arrived  and  made 
claims  in  this  part  of  the  township.  They  at 
once  erected  a  log-house  on  Sander's  claim,  in 
which  they  lived  the  first  summer.  In  the  fall  of 
this  year  ]M.  S.  Cook  arrived  and  built  a  house  on 
his  claim.  The  first  settlement  made  in  the 
north-western  part  of  the  town,  was  by  Samuel 
L.  Merriman,  who  made  a  claim  of  120  acres  on 
-section  six  in  the  spring  of  1857. 

EARLY   SETTLERS. 

Among  the  very  earliest  settlers  on  L^pperLake 
Minnetouka  was  Frank  William  Halsted.  who,  in 
the  summer  of  1855  built  his  first  home,  "  Rough 
and  Ready  "  cabin,  on  the  west  shore  of  that 
beautiful  bay,  designated  on  the  map  of  Lake 
Minnetouka  in  honor  of  him,  as  "  Ilalsted's  Bay." 
The  clearing,  about  an  acre,  and  the  cellar  of  that 
cabin,  yet  mark  the  spot ;  around,  the  grand  old 
woods  yet  remain,  as  when  he  for  many  years 


258 


HIiiTUIiY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


viewed  and  cnjuyed  tlieni.  Likewise  llie  beautiful 
water  views  in  fiDut  of  liis  ealiin  lionie.  Capt. 
Halsted  was  l)oni  in  Newark,  Xew  Jersey,  in  1833, 
and  was  tlie  youngest  son  of  the  late  Clianeellor, 
Oliver  S])encer  llalsled.  of  Xew  Jersey.  Wlien 
sixteen  years  old.  liaving  a  taste  for  the  sea, 
he  adopted  Greeley "s  advice,  "  CJo  west,  young 
man,'"  and  went  to  that  Ultima  Thnlc,  California, 
by  way  of  Cajie  Horn,  three  lirotliei-s  accompa- 
nying liim.  Keturning  in  18.50,  he  ne.xt  sought 
the  West,  overland,  coming  to  Minnesota  in  1855. 
He  remaineil  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  lle- 
bellion.  in  Istll.  when,  feeling  coinjietent  to  serve 
his  country  in  the  naval  service,  he  oljtained  a 
commission  in  June  <ir  July  of  that  vcar,  as  mas- 
ter's mate,  and  served  under  Flag  Ollicers  String- 
ham  and  (ioldshorough.  most  of  the  time  in  com- 
mand of  a  vessel  comijrising  part  of  that  fleet. 
At  the  capture  of  llalteras  Inlet.  August  28th 
and  liiith.  bsiil.  he  with  his  Inother.  Major  (J.  B. 
Ilalsted  (the  latter  then  secretary  to  Flag  Otiicer 
Stringham).  were  on  board  the  llag.ship  Minne- 
sota. (One  of  the  pictures  in  the  Ilennilage  is 
a  very  line  view  of  that  famous  shi])  and  light). 
Dissatisfied  with  I'lag  Otlicei-  (ioldsborough, 
whose  loyalty  and  courage  they  doul)ted,  both 
the  brothers  resigned,  the  elder,  the  secretary. 
now  the  major,  November  itth,  18(jl,  joining  the 
army  Xovend)er  llth.  18(il.  as  lieutenant  and  aid- 
de-camp  to  •'  lighting  Phil  Kearney,"  W'as  in  the 
war  to  the  end,  being  at  Ai)poniattox  Court- 
House  when  Lee  surrendered.  Frank  resigned 
later,  at  Hami)ton  Roads,  refusing  to  serve  longer 
under  (ioldsl)orough.  whom  he  told  on  the  deck  of 
the  Minnesota.  ■■  liy  your  vulgar  and  foul- 
MKiuihcd  profanity  \iiu  violate,  every  day.  in  the 
pre.sen<-e  of  tliisshi])'s  crew,  the  articles  of  war  you 
have  read  to  them  on  Sunday."'  Ilis  resignation 
then  and  there,  was  not  done  with  ihc  intention  of 
remaining  inactive  while  war  was  going  on  against 
tlie  government  lie  loved.  Soon  after,  he  enlisted 
a.s  an  able  seaman,  in  Chicago,  and  was  sent  the 
same  day,  in  charge  of  a  sipiad  of  men.  to  the 
receiving  ship,  ot  llic  .Mississijipi  squadron,  at 
Cairo.  Not  long  aflcr  joining,  he  went  before  a 
board  of  ollicers,  appointed  for  the  jmipose  of  ex- 
amining and  selecting  any  then  in  ihc  s(i\ice 
who  might  judve  conipelcnl  for  promotion.  He 
was  appoinlcd  acting  niasler  in  the  C  S.  Navy, 
wliich  look  him   in  one  step,  from  the  forecastle. 


past  the  steerage,  into  the  ward-room,  thus  soon 
^  tindiug  in  this  squadniii.  higher  rank  than  he  had 
lield  ill  the  North  .\tlantic  scpiadron.  He  has 
;  related  an  incident,  occiirniig  soon  after  his  pro- 
motion, when,  on  being  detailed  to  sit  as  member 
of  a  court  martial,  he  found  beside  him  at  the 
table  the  officer  to  whom,  but  a  short  time  before, 
he  had  enlisted  as  an  able  seaman,  who,  with  a 
look  of  great  surprise,  inquired  how  he  came 
there:  to  which  came  the  prompt  reply,  "  15y  the 
same  orders  which  brought  you  here."  Most  of 
the  time  in  the  Mississijipi  s(piadidu  he  was  in 
command  of  the  steamer  (ieneral  Pillow,  sta- 
tioned at  .Mound  City,  siinnuiided  \i\  and  In  the 
care  and  charge  of  a  great  nunilier  of  vessels, 
loaded  with  all  kinds  of  aniniuuition.  for  the 
destniction  of  which  the  "Johnny  Hebs"' 
were  constantly  devising  schemes :  in  which, 
however,  owing  to  the  care  and  \igilance  of 
Capt.  Halsted,  they  were  foiled.  While  here, 
his  own  steamer.  General  Pillow,  took  lire, 
and  an  eye  witness,  on  the  vessel  at  the  time, 
heard  from  officers  and  men  warm  jnaise  of 
the  gallantry  and  daring  of  their  commander, 
who.  taking  the  hose  in  his  own  hands,  going  be- 
low wliere  llie  lire  was  located,  not  far  from  the 
magazine,  remained  until  the  lire  was  extin- 
guished. After  the  close  of  the  war.  being  hon- 
orably discharged,  he  returned  to  his  loved  Min- 
nesota home,  and.  in  ISiHl,  built  his  larger  cabin, 
on  the  main  lake,  well  known  as  ••  The  Hermit- 
age." 
Here  he  resided  until  the  time  of  his  sad  death 

in  1S7(>,  Though  often  solicited  by  his  admiring 
neighbors  to  ai'ceiil  luibhc  positions  in  civil  life, 
he  declined,  with  the  exception  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  and  on  another  occasion  serving  as  one  of 
a  commission  for  the  improvement  of  navigation 
on  Lake  Minneloiika. 

We  think  it  would  be  found  nii  investigation 
that  llic  lirst  nianiagc  in  llir  town  ot' .Minnetris- 
ta.  was  soleuitii/.ed  by  Justice  IIalste(l.  We  have 
liearil  him  laugh  over  his  exiierience  in  joining 
togelhci  lii->  two  (oriuaii  neighbors,  making  the 
two,  one.  Dwelling  alone  lor  nian>  years,  nay. 
all  the  time  on  l<ake  .Minnetonka.  except  occa- 
sional visits  of  relali\cs  froin  the  Fast,  he 
ac(piii(d  the  name  of  ■llerinit  of  Lake  Miiine- 
toiikn"  and  Ids  cabin.  "The  Ilerniitage."  Vet 
those    who    knew    him  then,  and  rc'call  him  now, 


MINNBTRISTA—EABLY  SETTLERS. 


259 


easily  remember,  there  was  not  much  of  the 
accepted  attributes  of  the  old  time  Hermit,  in 
Captain  Frank  (as  he  was  often  called)  whose 
companionable  (lualitiesof  heart  and  head,  were 
well  known  to  all  having  the  pleasure  of  his 
acquaintance. 

His  cabin  had  more  charms  for  its  owner  than 
the  city  could  offer,  and  he  here  passed  much  of 
his  time  in  company,  as  he  said,  of  the  best  of 
men  and  women,  his  favorite  authors;  his 
shelves  being  well  supplied  with  copies  of  the 
American  and  English  classic  authors,  both  in 
poetry  and  prose.  He  was  an  excellent  sailor  and 
kept  a  small  sloop  yacht,  which  was  always  ready 
for  his  friends,  who  could  with  safety  trust  them- 
selves to  his  skillful  pilotage.  No  one  on  Lake 
Minnetonka  was  more  po|)ular  with  summer  visi- 
tors, or  more  respected  by  inhabitants  of  its 
shores,  old  and  young,  than  Frank  Ilalsted. 

In  the  winter  of  1S7.3-6,  he  built,  near  -'Tlie 
Hermitage,"  the  beautiful  steamer  "Mary,"  called 
by  this  name  in  honor  of  the  kindest  of  mothers, 
then  deceased.  Before  she  was  fully  completed, 
in  June  1870,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  disap- 
peared from  his  home,  and  aftei-  several  days  his 
body  was  found  in  the  Lake,  near  Crane  Island, 
nnder  such  circumstances  as  induced  the  Jury  of 
Inquest  to  conclude  it  was  a  case  of  suicide. 

In  compliance  with  an  oft  expressed  wish,  that 
when  he  died,  he  wanted  to  be  buried  on  the  bank 
of  the  lake  lie  loved  so  well,  he  was  buried  at 
"  The  Hermitage."  The  true  cause  of  this  much 
lamented  and  melancholy  occurrence,  must  ever 
remain  a  mystery.  The  Captain  died,  and  made 
no  sign.  Those  who  knew  him  best,  and  his 
highly  refined  and  sensitive  nature,  and  especially 
his  repugnance  to  indebtedness,  believe  that  he 
became  despondent  over  an  undertaking  less  for 
pecuniary  gain,  or  the  hope  thereof,  than  for  pro- 
viding increased  facilities  and  boat  accommoda- 
tions for  the  rapidly  increasing  influx  of  summer 
visitors  to  Lake  Minnetonka.  Owe  no  man  any- 
thing, was  his  motto.  He  felt  the  truth  of  the 
text,  "the  debtor  is  slave  to  the  creditor.''  In 
building  the  "  Mary  "  he  incurred  debts,  which, 
to  ordinary  business  men,  would  have  been  a 
trifle  ;  to  him  it  was  a  load  more  than  he  could 
bear.  He  died  lamented  by  all  who  knew  him, 
and  is  yet  held  in  most  pleasing  remembrance. 

John  Carman,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  this 


county,  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  in  1801,  where 
he  remained  for  twelve  years,  when  he  moved  to 
Pennsylvania,  and  worked  on  a  farm  until  twenty 
years  of  age.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Susan 
Cope,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  afterward  moved  his 
family  to  Jilahoning  county,  Ohio,  where  he  re- 
mained imtil  1853,  when  he  moved  to  Minnesota, 
stopping  a  few  months  in  Eamsey  county;  thence 
to  Minnetonka,  in  September,  of  the  same  year, 
and  pre-empted  what  is  now  known  as  "  Carman's 
Point,"  on  Upper  Lake  Minnetonka,  where  the 
beautiful  resort,  "  Spring  Park,"  is  located.  He 
lived  there  until  1860,  when  he  sold  and  moved 
to  the  place  now  known  as  "Maple  Shade."'  In 
1868  he  returned  to  New  Jersey,  where  he  died, 
December  13, 1877.  His  family  consisted  of  seven 
children :  Ann,  William,  ('arry,  Benton,  Mary, 
Frank,  Emma  and  Lizzie.  His  son  Frank  was 
born  in  Ohio,  and  now  lives  at  Mound  City.  Is 
one  of  the  navigators  of  the  Lake,  and  runs  a 
steam  freight  boat  from  Mound  City  to  Wayzata. 

Mathias  S.  Cook,  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of 
the  town,  was  born  in  Columbiana  county,  Ohio, 
May  19th,  1830  ;  lived  with  his  parents,  Job  and 
^lary  A.  Cook,  until  twenty  years  of  age.  He 
was  married  in  1850,  to  Miss  Anna  W.,  daughter 
of  John  and  Susan  Carman,  of  Ohio.  In  1854, 
he  moved  to  Minnesota,  and  settled  on  the  claim 
where  he  now  lives.  His  first  dwelling  was  a  log 
cabin,  14x20,  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  it 
lieing  the  third  house  built  on  the  upper  lake,  and 
was  the  stopping  place  for  the  weary  traveller  in 
those  early  days.  His  buildings  are  now  56x42 
feet,  and  three  stories  high.  Situated  on  the 
north  margin  of  "  Cook's  Bay,"  known  through 
all  this  region  as  "  Cook's  Landing.''  Mr.  Cook 
has,  with  many  others,  had  his  full  share  of  the 
hardships  known  only  to  those  who  lived  here  in 
those  early  days  ;  is  now  an  honored  and  respect- 
ed citizen  of  his  town,  and  has  filled  many  offi- 
ces of  public  trust. 

Frederick  A.  Jennings,  one  of  the  early  settlers 
of  the  town,  was  born  in  London,  England,  May 
19th,  1807.  His  father,  an  officer  in  the  British 
army,  died  in  1819.  In  1822,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  emigrated  to  America,  and  in  1828  mar- 
JNIiss  Mary  Moult,  who  died  in  1830.  Mr.  Jen- 
nings embarked  in  commission  business,  dealing 
largely  in  iron.  In  connection  with  this,  he  op- 
erated the  first  and  only  rolling  mill  near  Phila- 


260 


HISTOBY  OF  HEXNEFIN  COUNTY. 


ilelpliia.  lie  also  introduced  the  first  process  of 
piiddliiii^  iron  by  stone  coal  heat,  wliich  was  a 
great  economy  in  its  nianufacturu:  whicli  Imsi- 
ness  lie  coiitiniied  up  to  ls4:i.  when  he  moved  to 
Centre  county.  Pennsylvania,  estahlishinfia  larpe 
mercantile  trade,  i-onducting  a  furnace,  and  run- 
ning several  freight  Imats  to  Philadelphia.  Tliis 
l)usiness  he  conducteil  for  ten  years,  then  made  a 
visit  to  England,  being  appointed  by  Secretary 
Webster  to  bear  messages  to  Knglaud  ;  remained 
tliere  one  year.  Keturned.  and  lived  in  Pitts- 
burgh, engaging  with  Ilarvy  Childs  \  Co.  forsev- 
eral  years.  In  the  fall  of  1  s-3o,  his  family  moved  to 
Minnesota  and  settled  on  the  farm  he  now  owns. 
In  I8.")7.  he  joined  his  family  in  their  new  wild 
lumie,  on  what  is  now  known  as  ■•  Jennings  Bay," 
Lake  Minnetonka,  oneof  the  attractive  views  of 
this  famous  resort.  He  remained  with  his  family 
until  iMil.  when  he  was  appointed  to  a  fourth  class 
clerkship  in  the  United  States  Treasury  I)ei)arl- 
menl  at  A\'ashington,  where  be  remained  until 
1877,  when  be  returned  to  his  pleasant  home  in 
-Minnetrista.  to  live  free  from  the  strain  of  com- 
mercial and  political  life.  His  second  marriage, 
to  Mary  A,  Parrish,  occurred  July,  1832.  He  has 
live  children  living:  Frederick  A.,  Elizabeth  P., 
Annie  P..  Susan  J.,  and  James  (4.  His  son 
Fred,  served  in  Ihc  First  Minnesota,  also  in 
the  Second,  and  ranke<l  as  1st  Lieutenant ;  was  in 
New  Mexico,  on  garrison  duty;  at  the  end  of  the 
rebellion  mustered  out  at  Si.  Fouis,  Missouri; 
now  lives  in  Miimeapolis. 

Samuel  L.  Merriman,  oneof  the  earliest  settlers 
of  Minnetrista,  was  born  in  Alleghany  county, 
New  York,  1H2-5.  When  twenty  years  old  learned 
the  shoemakers  trade,  whidi  he  followed  (or  live 
years,  then  bought  half  interest  in  a  lumbering 
mill  anil  operated  under  the  name  of  Mer- 
riman and  Moorehouse  for  two  years,  when  he 
sold  his  interest  and  moved  lo  Cumberland 
county.  Illinois,  and  engaged  in  farming  and 
other  i)ursnits  till  the  spring  of  ls.5(),  when 
he  came  to  what  is  now  Miinietrisla  and  pre- 
empted the  farm  on  which  he  now  lives. 
Like  many  other  pioneers  of  the  northein  wilds 
lie  .suffered  many  hardships  during  the  early 
years  of  his  life  here.  .May,  18ol,  was  married 
lo  Miss  .Marian,  ilauglilerof  Lovet  IF  and  Xancy 
Obeli,  of  .\lleghany  county.  New  York,  who 
died  February,  1877. 


URCx.XNIZATION', 

.\pril  111.  18-58,  Town  117.  Range  24,  was  set 
apart  by  the  county  icmimissioners  iis  "German 
Home."  .This  name  was  retained  until  the  organ- 
ization of  Ihe  town,  which  occurred  in  the  spring 
of  18.oil,  when  llie  legal  voters  met  at  the  house 
of  M.  S.  Cook  and  took  steps  for  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  same.  Several  names  were  pro|iosed 
and  rejected.  The  name  of  Minnetrista  was 
finally  proposed  and  accepted.  Miniie  (meaning 
waters)  and  trisla  (meaning  crooked),  and  from 
the  fact  that  the  town  <'ontained  so  many  crook- 
ed lakes,  this  name  was  considered  as  the  most 
appropriate,  and  was  accepted.  The  first  election 
was  held  at  this  lime,  when  the  follow  lug  ollicers 
were  elected  :  Supervisors.  Peter  Mitchels.  chair- 
man, M.  S.  Cook,Ephraini  Dudley  :  Town  clerk. 
R.  \.  Langdon. 

At  a  special  meeting  held  December  .SI.  lS(.i4. 
it  was  voted  to  raise  fifteen  dollars  for  each  family 
wherein  were  drafted  men.  The  following  re- 
ceived that  amount :  Warren  .Merriman.  A.  Black. 
Cyrus  Beamau.  Martin  Ort.  John  Keiser.  Henry 
Trunes,  John  Adelberger,  Joseph  Ebert,  A.  Ebert. 
Joseph  Ball,  A.  Schneider,  F.  Merz,  John  Ilii-sch- 
berger.  Win.  Schnler.  Joseph  Schmidt,  James 
Bailey  and  Ephraini  Dudley.  The  town  levied  a 
tax  for  the  extermination  of  si|niircls.  Manli  14. 
187B,  resolved,  that  two  cenls  each  be  paid,  for 
rat,  gopher  and  chipmunk  tails.  The  town  con- 
tains 18,576  acres.  Assessed  valuation  of  real 
estate  in  1880,  #219,8.59,  Personal  proi)erty, 
«;33.Kn().  Total  amount  of  taxes,  isso,  i;2,.54i), 
with  a  iiii]iulalicin  of  s  1 1. 

iiiruciiKs. 

The  licrinaii  IJaplist  Chinch,  locatnl  on  Sccliou 
32,  was  organized  Nnvcniber  22.  ISo.s.  and  the 
present  church,  a  log  structure,  was  biiill  iu  isii.j, 
at  a  cost  of  about  ^1.50.  It  has  services  every 
Siiliilav.  also  a  Sunda>  ScIkmiI.  wliicli  is  well 
mainlaincil. 

St.  Honifaciiis  Calholic  Church,  liuill  iu  18.59, 
is  a  log  ;>tni(linc.  and  was  organized  by  Father 
Shearer,  now  ol  Hastings.  In  connection  with 
the  above  chiii-cli  is  a  jiarish  school,  whicli  was 
starlcil.  and  llic  Imildiug  crccli'd.  in  Isiil. 
S(  llool.s. 

Tlli^  Inw  n  was  divided  by  the  Tow  ii  Suiicrvisors 
in  1861,   into  three  districts.     It   now    has   five. 


MINNETBISTA—HOTELSSTOBES— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


261 


Schools  had  been  held,  however,  previous  to  this 
time ;  one  at  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Gribble,  near 
where  Mound  City  now  stands,  in  the  summer  of 
1860,  and  taught  by  Miss  Celia  Sturman.  Another 
was  held  in  tlie  house  of  Peter  Mitchels,  and 
taught  by  Miss  Emma  Carman.  School  No.  So, 
located  on  section  13,  was  the  Ihst  scliool  house 
built  in  the  town,  is  a  log  structure,  and  still 
stands.  School  Xo.  96  is  located  on  Section  32. 
School  No.  84,  is  located  on  Section  o.  School 
No.  83,  (joint  Minnetrista  and  Independence)  lo- 
cated on  Section  2,  in  the  north  part  of  the  town. 

HOTELS. 

Mr.  M.  S.  Cook  has  ''kept  hotel"  ever  since  las 
first  settlement,  and  may  be  truly  called  the  pio- 
neer hotel  man  of  the  Upper  Lake.  Is  now  owner 
of  the  "Lake  View"  house,  so  called  from  its 
tine  view  of  the  I'pper  Lake.  Many  of  tlie  sum- 
mer tourists  find  their  way  to  this  beautiful 
retreat,  beguiling  the  time  in  lisliing  on  the  lake,  or 
hunting  in  tlie  Wdodlaiuls  that  surround  "Cook's." 

Chapman  House  was  built  by  S.  Chapman, 
in  1875 ;  a  structure  32  x  44  feet,  three  stories 
high.  In  1876  an  addition,  26  x  32  feet,  three  stories 
high,  was  made,  and  in  1878  a  dinhig-hall,  22  x  64, 
with  an  L,  17x34  feet,  capable  of  seating  three 
hundred  people,  was  added,  maldng  it  large,  airy 
and  commodious. 

STEA.M    MILLS. 

Mr.  Cook  l)uilt  a  flour  and  feed  mill  in  ]tsn(i. 
14x20  feet,  engine  room  12x24  feet,  one  run  of 
stone,  which  is  foniul  to  be  a  great  convenience. 
S.  L.  Merrimau.  also  runs  a  small  feed-mill  during 
the  winter  time,  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
neighborhood. 

POST-OFFICES. 

The  first  post-office  in  the  town  was  established 
in  lSo6,  and  named  St.  Bonifacius,  John  Merz 
appointed  postmaster.  It  was  moved  one  mile 
north  of  the  village  in  1873.  Minnetrista  post- 
office  was  established  in  1861,  on  section  6,  and 
Norman  Shook  appointed  postmaster.  A  post- 
office  was  established  in  1876  at  ;Mound  City,  and 
a  Mr.  Pearl  ajipointed  postmaster. 

STORES. 

The  first  store  in  the  town  was  started  at  St. 
Bonifacius,  by  John  Merz  and  Anthony  Cramer, 
in  1859,  Mr.  Merz  succeeding  to  the  entire  control 


one  year  later.  At  Mound  City  there  are  two 
stores  carryuig  a  general  stock.  The  first  was 
established  in  the  fall  of  1876,  by  Hill,  Acker  & 
Armstrong,  of  St.  Paul,  who  sold  to  Griggs,  Fos- 
ter &  Co.,  who  are  its  present  proiirietors.  The 
second  store  was  started  by  E.  Weeks,  in  the  fall 
of  1880. 

SHOPS. 

The  first  black.smith  shop  was  established  on 

■  section  10,  by  A.  W.  Clark,  in  the  fall  of  1866. 

In  186S  he  built  wliere  he  now  is,  on  section  9. 

Another  l)lacksmith  shop  was  started  at  Mound 

City,  in  1876,  which  was  operate<l  for  a  short  time. 

BIOCiKAPinCAL. 

Richard  Ball  was  born  in  England,  August  29, 
1819.  He  lived  with  his  father,  who  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Parliament,  12  years.  At  tlie  age  of  nine- 
teen he  went  to  New  Zealand,  spent  five  years 
there  merchandizing.  Ketunied  to  England  and 
went  to  Australia,  spent  ten  years  there,  doing  a 
very  successful  mercantile  business.  Returned 
to  England  and  established  a  large  mercantile 
and  farming  liusiness  until  1S76.  when  he  emi- 
grated to  America,  and  settled  on  the  farm  where 
three  of  his  sons  now  live.  In  the  spring  of  1880 
he  bought  the  Delano  Flouring  and  Saw  mill, 
which  he  is  now  improving  to  make  it  the  Ijest 
mill  in  AVright  county.  He  now  lives  at  Delano 
village.  Was  married  in  England  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Masters.  Tliey  have  eight  children. 

Frank  Carman  was  born  in  Ohio,  and  came  to 
Minnesota  with  his  parents  in  1823.  He  enlisted 
in  Company  D,  Sixth  Minnesota  Infantry  in  1862, 
and  served  until  mustered  out  at  Fort  Snelling 
in  1865.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Adelia  Moore 
of  Hennepin  county,  March  22,  1868,  and  the 
year  following,  located  at  the  pleasent  home  in 
Mound  city  where  he  has  since  resided.  They 
have  four  children  ;  Herbert,  James,  Mabel  and 
Delia.  ^Ir.  Carman  is  engaged  in  running  a 
steam  freight  boat,  between  Mound  City  and 
Wayzata  on  Lake  Minnetonka. 

Allen  W.  Clark  was  born  in  Cataraugus  coimty. 
New  York,  March  22,  1880.  His  father  died 
July  4,  1852,  leaving  Allen  to  care  for  the  family, 
which  he  did  faithfully.  He  was  engaged  in 
blacksmithing  until  1866.  when  he  came  to  Minne- 
trista. where  he  has  since  divided  his  time  in 
farming  and  blacksmitliing.     In   1870,  his  shop 


262 


HISTORY  OF  HEXNEPIX  COUNTY. 


was  destroyed  by  (ire.  and  in  1S77  his  house  was 
burned  ;  after  each  disaster  lie  rebuilt.  He  was 
married  November  2,  1854.  to  Miss  Abigal  R. 
Merrimaii  of  N  Y.    Tliey  liavt-  two  diildren. 

Aslibel  Ingerson  was  boruiii  Jefferson  county, 
Xew  York,  September  19,  1827.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  he  went  to  (Georgia  and  remained  three 
years  teaching  school.  He  spent  four  years  as 
civil  engineer  in  Xew  Vorli  state,  and  came 
west  in  1855.  Remained  in  Indiana  one  year, 
and  then  came  to  Steele  county.  Miiniesota.  In 
1858  was  elected  county  surveyor.  In  18H2  he 
enlisted  in  the  Fifth  Minnesotii,  and  served  ten 
montiis,  participating  in  several  battles  ;  he  was 
then  transfered  to  the  signal  service  and  dis- 
cliarged  in  1865.  He  was  clerk  in  the  United 
States  Treasury  department  feu-  two  years,  and 
in  lS(i7  settled  in  Hennepin  county.  He  was 
engaged  four  seasons  on  govenimeut  surveys  in 
nortiiern  Minnesota.  He  represented  liis  district 
in  the  house  in  1875,  and  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  public  affairs.  In  1880  he  removed  to  his 
present  home.  -.Vralia."  on  tlie  west  bank  of 
Minnetonka.  He  married  Sarah  A.  Oiase  in 
1857,  and  they  have  had  six  cliildren. 

Aaron  Merrimaii  [deceased]  was  born  in  I'na- 
dilla,  Otsego  county.  Xew  York.  July  ]2tli.  1801. 
When  twelve  years  of  age  he  moved  witlj  tlie  fam- 
ily to  Alleghany  county.  X'ew  York.  Married, 
March  8th.  1821 ,  to  Miss  Charlotte  Taylor.  They 
have  seven  cliildren  living.  He  spent  most  of  his 
time  in  milling  ami  fanning,  uji  U>  isiid,  wlien  lie 
<-ainc  to  .Minnctiista.  .Mr.  .MiTiiniaii  died.  Sei)- 
teinlicr  l.Jtli.  1N7"). 

Warren  .Merrlnian  waslxjiii  in  .Vlleglian.\  coun- 
ty, Xew  York.  Felmiary  liith.  1S2M.  lie  lived 
with  his  jiarcnts  until  eighteen  years  of  age.  when 
for  one  year  he  woikcd  on  the  Krie  canal,  then 
worked  at  the  can)eiit(r  and  joiner  trade  lor 
about  twenty-two  years.  In  lhii2  he  settled  in 
Minnetrista.  May  28th,  1K()4.  enlisted  in  Co.  I, 
Sixth  .Minn.  Inf.  Served  one  year  and  was  mus- 
tered out  at  Montgomery.  Alabama.  Married 
Miss  niioda  Clark.  December  31st.  Ih(i4.  Had 
four  children.  The  living  ones  ari'  ,\niir  .\.  an<l 
Josc])h  A. 

Eugene  Merrinrui  was  Imhii  in  .Mlculiany 
connty.XT'W  York.  .Manli  17th.  IK.Vi.  He  worked 
on  the  farm  with  his  father,  till  Isdii.  when  with 
hi.s  jtarents  he  <anie  In   Minncti  is|:i.  Mud  settlc'd. 


Married  June  21st.  1871.  to  Miss  Lorena  Cook. 
They  have  four  children 

Francis   McCullough    was  honi   in    Crawford 
county.  Pennsylvania.  March  22d.  1S43.    He  lived 
in  Chautaiujua  county,  Xew  York,  si.x  years,  and 
in  Alleghany  two  years.    In  1852,  went  to  JSIcKean 
county,  Pennsylvania.    In  December,  1861.  en- 
listed in  Co.  F.  1st  Pennsylvania  Killes;  served 
until  1864.  when  he  was  appointed  by  General 
Meade,  2d  Lieut,  of  Co.  I.  190th  Penn.  Inft.    He 
was  taken  prisoner  at  Weldon  K.  R..  August  19th. 
1864.  and  kept  in  Libliy  Prison  two  months,  also 
at  Saulsbnry  Prison,  one  month:  then  to  Danville, 
and  back  to  Libby  Prison  again:  in  one  month 
was  i)aroIed.  and  taken    to    Annapolis  hosiiital. 
Maryland.     Ueturned  home  on  a  furlough,  joined 
his  regiment  again,  and  after   Lee's  surrender, 
was  mustered  out  at  A\'ashington.  June.  1865. 
In  the  fall,  he  came  to  St.  Anthony.  Minnesota. 
April  .SOth.  1868,  was  married  to  Miss  Susan  J. 
Jennings.     They   have  six  children:   Mary  P.. 
Francis  E.,  Frederick  J..  William  E.,  Ellanora  J.. 
Lucy  A.     The  family   moved  to  their  present 
home  on  Jennings  Bay.  Lake  Minnetonka.  in  1868. 
Eliza  .1.   Uoenier.    the  subject  of   this  sketch, 
was  born  in  Lincoln.  Maine.  ;\Iarch  2(ith.  ls;^i. 
and  came  with  her  i)arents.   W.  S.  and  Matilda 
Stinson.in  IMO.  to  St.  Anthoii> .  Minnesota.  Jan- 
uary 27th,   1«50,  she  married    \\ .   M.   Dwinells. 
of  Karnsey  county,  who  was  one  of  the  lirst  l)rick 
makers  in  St.   Tanl.   where  he  died.  June  I'Jth. 
Is7").    In  1S7I1.  tlic  \\  iddwand  family  came  to  Min- 
netrista.     Slic  has  llircc  cliihhvii  livini,'.  Charles 
C.,  Clara  H..  and  iMiiina  J.     July  iith,  1877,  Mrs. 
Dwinells  married  \\.  11.  Hoemer.  who  was  born. 
.\|iril  21st.  bs.")(i.  in   Pike  county.   Pennsylvania, 
and  cninnienccd    iihotograjihing  at  thirteen  years 
of  age.  then   learned   the  harness  trade,  and  fol- 
lowed (itlici-  pnrsiiits  until  Is6n.  w  lien  he  came  to 
Minnetrista.     Tlic>  lia\ c  a  lini'  lioinc,  three  miles 
south  of  .Maple  Plain. 

William  T.  Whilehouse  was  born  in  Hrooklyn. 
Xew  York.  Jaimary  12lh.  18.)2.  Married  in  1S72, 
to  Miss  Mary  .Major.  He  did  a  large  l)usiness  in 
boots  and  shoes  at  Troy,  till  1.S76.  then  moved  to 
St.  Paul,  ami  engaged  in  the  same  business.  In 
1S77.  he  bought  the  pla<-e  where  he  now  lives. 
1«7N.  moved  liis  family  to  what  is  now  called 
■•  .Majile  Shade."  He  organized  the  Minnetonka 
.VavigationComi)any  in  I.sso.  He  intendsto  have 
the  largest  Heel  of  steamei's  on  Lake  .Minnetonka. 


INDEPENDENGE^EAliL  Y  SETTLERS. 


263 


INDEPENDENCE. 


CHAPTER   XLII. 

GENERAL  DESCKIPTION  —  EAULY  SETTLERS  — 
TOWN  ORGANIZATION,  ETC.  —  STATISTICS — 
VILLAGES— RAILROADS— SCHOOLS— CHURCHES 
— BIOGRAPHICAL. 

Independence  is  situated  in  the  western  part  of 
the  county,  and  derives  its  name  from  Lake  In- 
dependence, a  large  lalce  lying  partly  in  this  town 
and  partly  in  Medina.  The  surface  is  mainly 
rolling  and  timbered.  A  l)elt  of  nearly  level  land, 
however,  extends  around  Maple  Plain,  and  to  the 
southwest.  The  town  is  well  supplied  with  wild 
meadow  land,  and  has  many  small  marshes. 
Nearly  a  dozen  lakes  dot  the  surface,  and  two 
streams  flow  thrt)ugh  it.  Lake  Independence  is 
the  largest  of  the  lakes,  and  is  situated  a  mile 
from  the  little  village  of  Maple  Plain.  It  is  a 
beautiful  sheet  of  water,  about  two  miles  in 
length,  and  one  in  width,  with  good  tishing.  The 
scenery  around  the  lake  is  very  charming,  notice- 
able features  of  which  are.  Cedar  Point,  at  the 
north,  and  Pickerel  Point,  at  the  southwest. 
The  lake  derived  its  name  from  a  party  of  Fourth 
of  July  excursionists.  Kelsey  Ilinman.  one  of 
the  party,  named  it  Lake  Independence,  in  lionor 
of  the  national  holiday,  on  which  their  excursion 
took  place.  In  the  northern  part  of  the  lake  is  a 
small  island,  which  was  once  covered  with  red 
cedar,  and  has  several  times  been  iiiluibited  for  a 
short  time.  The  outlet  of  Lake  Independence  is 
Pioneer  Creek,  the  principal  stream  of  the  town. 
This  stream  Hows  in  a  sotithwesterly  course  across 
the  town,  into  one  of  the  small  lakes,  which,  in 
this  county,  are  frequently  united  in  a  chain  by 
small  creeks,  until,  at  last,  their  waters  are  dis- 
charged into  the  boundary  rivers.  The  soil  of 
the  town  is  a  close  clay,  of  grayish  color.  Tlie 
timber  is  hard  wood,  with  a  liberal  intermixture 
fif  basswood. 


EARLY    SETTLERS. 

The  town  was  first  settled  in  18o4-o,  by  Job 
Moffat,  Irvin  Shrewsbury,  John  R.  McGary,  E. 
Hoisington,  John  M.  Williams,  J.  B.  Perkins,  E. 
Brandon.  William  Fogleman  and  others.  The 
death  of  Mr.  Lewis  was  the  first  in  the  present 
limits  of  the  town.  The  first  white  child  born 
in  the  town  was  Lizzie,  daughter  of  Daniel  and 
Margaret  Styner.  She  is  now  Mrs.  E.  B.  Dodd. 
and  resides  in  Minneapolis.  Tlie  first  marriage 
was  that  of  Kelsey  Ilinman  and  Miss  Lydia  Ann 
Mott'at.  in  the  spring  of  1856.  The  mother  of  the 
bride,  Mrs.  Jol)  Moffat,  was  the  first  white  woman 
in  the  town.  The  family  removed,  several  years 
since.  Mrs.  Wm.  Fogleman  is  the  oldest  settler 
of  those  now  remaining.  Her  family  came  origi- 
nally from  Xorth  Carolina,  but  liad  lived  twenty 
years  in  Indiana  before  coming  to  Minnesota. 

They  reached  the  present  site  of  Wayzata, 
May  12th.  185o,  cutting  their  own  road  a  portion 
of  the  way  from  Minneapolis.  They  made  a 
claim  on  Long  Lake,  but  soon  left  it  for  their 
present  location,  near  ilaple  Plain.  Among  the 
old  settlers  oi  Independence  was  "William  Cox, 
who  made  and  improved  a  claim,  now  owned  by 
.Joshua  Styner,  on  section  22.  He  came  here 
from  Indiana,  in  1856,  and  liad  never  seen  a  rail- 
road until  the  present  line  was  built  through  his 
farm;  although  over  sixty  years  old.  About  two 
years  after  the  road  was  built  he  moved  to  Iowa, 
and  died  soon  after.  One  mile  west  of  Maple 
Plain,  and  lying  partly  on  the  original  claim  of 
Mr.  Cox,  is  Armstrong,  a  flag  station,  now  little 
used,  and  having  no  agent. 

In  lSo7,  .John  and  Xeedham  Perkins,  laid  out  a 
village  plat  on  the  south  bank  of  Lake  Indepen- 
dence, a  part  of  which  is  now  in  ^ledina.  They 
each  built  a  frame  dwelling-house.  These  were 
the  first  frame  buildings  in  this  region,  and  ai"e 
still  standing.  Xeedham  Perkins  also  built  a 
saw-mill,  and  opened  a  small  store,  both  of  which 


264 


HISTORY  OF  HENXEPIJS'  COU^'TY. 


were  abandoned  after  about  two  years.  A  school- 
house  was  also  erected  in  the  present  limits  of 
Medina. 

Aside  from  the  iiRoiiveniences  iiic-idenl  to  west- 
ern emigration,  the  early  settlers  of  Indepen- 
dence suffered  from  two  causes  not  usual — In- 
dians and  grasslioppers.  These  two  pests  caused 
inconvenience  and— the  latter  especially— hard- 
ship. Hordes  of  Sioux,  not  at  this  time  posi- 
tively liostile.  liovercd  aniund  the  settlements. 
rendering  tliemselves  obno.xious  as  beggars  and 
pilferers.  In  tlie  winter  of  18.56-7,  about  300 
of  them  were  encamped  on  Pioneer  Lake,  and 
tlie  following  winter  about  double  tlie  number 
wintered  on  the  same  camping  ground.  Shako- 
pee,  a  sub-chief,  was  their  leader,  who  fell  at  the 
battle  of  Wood  Lake,  near  the  Yellowstone,  in 
an  engagement  w  illi  (ieneral  .Sibley's  expedition, 
in  1862.  Their  circle  hunts  swept  the  game  in 
the  near  vicinity  out  of  the  reach  of  the  settlers, 
and  deprived  tlieni  of  even  a  fair  .share.  During 
the  first  winter  of  their  unwelcome  visit,  they 
killed  209  deer,  in  the  near  vicinity  of  their  camp. 

The  grasshopper  scourge  was,  however,  the 
greatest  hardship.  Late  in  .Inly.  1. Soli,  invading 
swarms  came  from  tlie  uoilliwest.  and  began 
overspreading  the  country.  In  llie  fall,  vast 
swarms  invaded  tliis  town,  and  remained  until 
the  following  June.  No  green  leaf  or  lierb 
escaped  the  voracious  insects,  eilhii  in  llic  fall 
or  spring,  ami  starvation  seemed  innuinenl.  For- 
tunately, relief  came  to  the  alllicteil  settlers  fmm 
a  novel  source.  Tliere  arose  a  demand  for  an  un- 
usual article,  the  ginseng  root,  witli  wliicli  the 
wcMjds  abounded.  Agents  were  stationed  at  various 
points,  to  pUH'liase  it  for  shiimient  l<i  China.  The 
settlers  seem  to  have  been  pnjvided  for  by  a  dis- 
I)ensation  almost  as  miraculous  as  the  feeding  of 
the  children  nf  Israel  with  manna.  They  collect- 
ed large  aiiiDuiils  of  the  root,  and  by  money  re- 
ceived I'l'diii  its  >iile.  liileil  iivei-  the  bardship. 

I'DWV    (iKIiANI/AIIUN.    i;rc. 

Tlie  town  was  organized  in  1h")K.  and  the  llrst 
town  meeting  lield  on  Tuesday,  .May  lltli.  at  the 
house  of  J.  Wilson.  The  meeting  was  called  to 
order  by  Uichaid  .\li(;;u>.  lioberl  \'.  Stinsoii 
was  I'hosen  .Modenitnr  and  \Villiani  ('.  Ila/.leton. 
Clerk.  The  whole  inunber  nf  votes  east  was 
IK.  and  the  fi)ll(Pwiiigolliiers  chosen.  Supervisors: 


Irvin  Shrewsbury.  Chairman.  Daniel  Styner  and 
Ebenezer  Brandon;  Clerk.  Xorman  Shook; 
Assessor.  William  C.  llazletoii:  Collector.  X.  E. 
Mctiary:  .Justices  of  the  Peace.  Robert  P.  Stin- 
son  and  Henry  Swingler:  ('onstal)les.  Wesley 
Hall  and  Karl  Iloisington;  Overseer  of  High- 
ways, .lohn  C.  A\'illianis.  The  lirst  regular  meet- 
ing of   the   new    lioanl    was  held  May   I'Jtli,  at 

I  which  meeting,  it  wasordered  that  each  100  acres 
of  land  in  the  town  be  assessed  atSoOO.aud  that  a 
tax  of  thirty  cents  i)er  ?10()  be  levied  upon  such 
lands  for  roads  and  highways;  alsoordered.  "that 

!  each  and  every  inhabitant  over  the  age  of  tw  enty- 
one  and  under  the  age  of  lifty  years,  shall  per- 
form tw(i  days  work  as  directed  by  the  Over- 
seer of  Hoads  and  Highways."  .Vt  a  meeting  of 
the  Board  to  audit  accounts.  March  3nh.  ISoO. 
the  orders   delivered  and  audited   aiuonnted  to 

!   598.59.  which  aniniint    lepresenled  the  town  ex- 

'  penses  for  its  first  \eai.  We  also  gi\e  a  com- 
parison of  the  amount  ol   mail  matter,  ten  years 

i  ago  and  now  as  a  signilicant  item.  Ten  years 
ago,  when  (ieorge  W.  Smith  lirst  became  post- 
master at    Mai)le    Plain,  one  pigeon-hole,   3Jx4 

I  inches,  furnisbeil  aniiile  storage  for  (ill  nmil  iiint- 
ter.  Xow.  two  liuu(lic(l  weekly  (lapers  ami  seven 
dailes  are  received,  willi  a  iiroportional  increase 
in  other  mail  matter.  Tlie  tow  n  otlicej-s  at  jires- 
ent  are:  Supervisors.  \Viniani  \V.  Hndd.  Chair- 
luan.  .loliM  Batdorf.  John  H.  Slinson:  Clerk.  B. 
M.  Mill>:  .Vssessorand  Treasin-er.  .lohn  II.  Mc- 
(iary. 

M  .VTISTKs. 

The  population  of  Independence  b\  the  census 
of  1880,  is  844.  Number  of  acres,  exclusive  of  town 
lots.  lil.Hl  t.  .Vssessed  valuation  of  the  same  in 
1809,  !rHo,ii;iii:  in  is?."),  S13.s,127  ;  In  isso.  :r22.s.- 
071.  Personal  ]irciperty  at  assessed  valuation,  in 
1809.  $Ui,K.").j;  in  ls7o.  Su'4.211  ;  in  IHso,  s;3.j.999. 
Taxes  in  1H09.  ,S2,7t«  ;  in  187.'),  j;2,94li ;  in  1880. 
S4,022.  Ilorsesin  1809,  80:  in  1875.  li'l  :  in  isso. 
218.  Cattle  over  two  years  old.  in  lMi9.  443;  in 
1875,  588;  in  1880.  512.  Sheep,  in  1809.  324;  in 
1875,230;  in  1S80,  59.i.  Hok's.  in  1S09.  245;  in 
1875,  232;  in  18S0,  l'.i5.  Wheat  in  1H09,  7,523 
busliels  ;  in  1875.  10.830  bushels  ;  in  1880.  acreage, 
1,200. 

\II.I.  AUKS. 

.\ller  till-  lailidad  was  fairly  in  progress  in 
INOS.  a  small  \illage  |)lat  was  laid  out  (luriu;;  the 


INDEPENDENCE— SCHOOLS— CHURCHES— BIOORAPHICAL. 


265 


summer,  by  II.  C.  and  W.  Biuld.  and  later,  another 
adjoining  the  Urst  on  tlie  west.  l)y  William 
H.  Marsh.  This  second  plat  is  now  the  village 
of  Maple  Plain,  and  tlie  hnsiness  part  of  the 
town.  It  lies  in  sei'tion  24.  wldle  the  original 
plat  was  in  section  25.  Here  are  the  hotels, 
stores.  l)laclismitli  shops,  mills,  etc. 

ilANUFACTUKISG. 

The  town  has  two  steam  saw-mills,  also  a  syrup 
manufactory,  run  by  a  stationary  engine.  The  ca- 
pacity of  the  syrup  factory  is  225  gallons  per  day. 
During  the  season  of  1880,  it  manufactured  3,055 
gallons.  Mr.  E.  I).  Burnett  owns  a  small  steam 
saw-mill  on  Pioneer  Creek,  a  little  north  of  Arm- 
strong station.  A  blacl^smith  shop  and  a  wagon 
shop  complete  the  record  of  mills  and  shops. 

There  are  two  hotels,  two  stores  and  an  eleva- 
tor. The  elevator  is  owned  h\  the  Elevator 
Company.  It  is  little  used  except  as  a  store- 
house. A  church,  scliool  house  and  Good  Tem- 
plar's hall  ciimiirisc  the  piililic  linildings. 

I'OST  OFFICE. 

Mr.  Irviu  Shrewsbury,  who  in  186U,  repre- 
sented the  district  in  the  Legislature,  was  the 
first  postmaster.  The  ottice  was  established  in 
1856  and  located  at  his  residence,  near  the  cen- 
tre of  section  26.  The  mail  w-as  brought  weekly 
from  Minneapolis.  This  was  the  terminus  of 
the  route  until  an  ottice  was  established  at 
Watertown. 

KAIIjHOAD. 

In  1868  a  railroad,  now  known  as  the  St.  Paul. 
Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Railway,  was  Ijuilt 
through  the  town,  and  in  September  the  station. 
Maple  Plain,  was  established. 

SCHOOLS. 

Tlie  first  school  house  in  Independence,  was 
near  the  present  site  of  school  Xo.  si.  and  was 
built  hi  the  springof  1858.  A  log  building  14.\]8 
feet  was  first  liuilt.  l)ut  after  a  few  years  it  was 
replaced  by  a  larger  building  of  hewn  logs,  which 
in  1878,  gave  place  to  the  present  structure,  a 
neat  frame  l)uilding.  26x44  feet,  well  finished 
and  furnished  with  patent  desks,  seats,  etc.,  etc. 
The  first  school  was  taught  in  tlie  winter  of  1857- 
8,  by  Xorman  Shook,  in  a  dwelling  left  vacant 
by  the  death  of  William  Lewis  and  the  removal 
of  his  family.     Schools  are  also  sustained  in  four 


other  districts.  No.  80  in  section  2,  No.  79 
in  section  17,  No.  82  in  section  30,  No.  102  in 
section  3,  a  joint  district,  part  of  which  is  in  the 
town  of  Greenwood.  There  are  also  three  other 
joint  districts.  No.  61,  with  Medina  ;  No.  83, 
with  Minnetrista  and  No.  112  with  Greenwood. 

CHURCHES. 

Methodist.  The  first  religious  meeting  was 
held,  in  1855,  by  IJev.  J.  J.  Camp,  a  Methodist 
clergyman,  under  whose  guidance  a  class  was 
formed,  of  which  Mr.  Irviii  Slirewsbury  was 
lea<ler.  Tliis  society  still  preserves  its  organiza- 
tion and.  though  not  large,  holds  regular  meet- 
ings in  the  school  house  of  district  No.  81. 

Presbyterian.  The  only  church  edifice  in  the 
town  is  the  Presliyterian  diurch.  at  Maple  Plain 
This  is  a  substantial  frame  building,  well  finished 
inside.  It  is  26x40  feet  in  size,  built  in  1872-3. 
The  society  was  organized  in  1871  by  Kev. 
Charles  Thayer.  G.  W.  Smith  and  C.  W.  Inger- 
son  were  chosen  elders,  which  office  they  still 
hold.  The  membership  was  twelve,  at  the  time 
of  organization.  Mr.  Thayer  resigned  his  pastor- 
ate September  20,  1875.  Rev.  Benson  followed 
Mr.  Thayer,  remaining  about  one  year.  Revs. 
Ilall,  Iliggins,  Wood  and  McCahan  have  in  turn 
succeeded  to  the  charge,  remaining  but  short 
terms.  The  church  is  without  stated  preaching 
at  the  writing  of  this  sketch. 

The  Good  Templars  Lodge  w<is  organized  in 
April,  1874.  Its  present  membership  is  about 
forty  and  steadily  gaining.  Meetings  are  held 
every  Saturday  evening. 

BlOftRAPHRAI,. 

Henry  Astrope  was  liorii  in  Canada,  in  1839, 
and  came  with  his  parents  to  ilinnesota  in  1855. 
lie  returned  to  Canada  three  years  later,  and  re- 
mained one  summer,  then  came  again  to  Minne- 
sota. In  Septemlier,  1K61 .  he  enlisted  in  Company 
F.  of  the  Second  Regiment,  and  re-enlisted  in 
1863,  serving  until  discharged  for  disability,  in 
January,  1865.  He  has  since  drawn  a  pension. 
He  was  married  in  1873,  and  has  two  cliildren. 

W.  W.  Bndd,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born  in 
Preble  county,  in  1833.  In  early  life  he  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Indiana,  and  in  1855.  he  en- 
gaged in  the  lumlier  trade,  wliich  he  followed  for 
two  years.  In  1863  he  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  In- 
diana Light  Artillery,  served  two  years,  partici" 


266 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


patiiiR  in  ten  enjragements.  In  lS6ohepameto 
IiKk'iiendencc,  liim^;lit  anil  cleared  tlie  farm  he 
now  occupies.  He  married  Emeline  Cunning- 
ham, of  Polk  county.  Indiana,  in  IHoo.  They 
have  live  children:  Ella  F..  Anna  C.  Lill,\  M.. 
Wilhani  S..  ami  Charles  J. 

Samuel  Hriley  was  born  in  Canada,  in  ls3o. 
and  came  to  Minnesota  in  1865,  locating  in  Dodge 
county,  wlierc  lu^  remained  until  ISTl.  tlien  re- 
lUdveil  to  Minueapdlis.  In  1S76  he  removed  to 
this  town  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was 
married,  in  ls.58.  to  .lane  Delahunt.  by  whom  lie 
lias  liad  six  children,  all  living,  with  the  exceiilion 
of  one,  who  died  in  Minneapolis. 

J.  I).  Brandon  was  born  in  Jellerson  county. 
Indiana.  August.  1851.  and  in  18.56  came  with  his 
parents  to  llemieiiin  county,  locating  at  Maple 
Plain,  where  he  now  resides,  on  the  farm  secured 
by  his  father.  lie  is  engaged  in  farming,  and 
dealing  in  lumber  and  railroad  ties.  He  was 
uiarried.  .May  14.  1876.  to  Helle  C.  McDonald. 
Ida  M.  anil  Charlie  F..  are  tlieir  children.  His 
father.  Moses  Hraiidim.  died  May  Uth.  1880.  His 
mother  is  still  living,  and  a  nienilier  of  liis  family. 

John  eleven  has  been  a  resident  of  Independ- 
ence since  1872.  He  was  horn  in  Norway  in  1812, 
and  came  to  America,  locating  in  Minneapolis, 
in  1870.  remaining  there  until  he  removed  to  his 
present  home.  He  marrieil  .Miss  Inger  Kegene. 
in  1871.  Clara  H..  James  ami  Kiinua.are  thechil- 
dren,  aged  respectively,  six.  tniir.  and  one  and  a 
half  years. 

II.  C.  Dickey,  is  a  native  of  Nova  Sc<itia.  and 
came  to  St.  Antliony.in  isi;.').  where  fur  ten  years 
he  worked  at  carriage  making,  hi  Is75  he  re- 
moved to  Maple  Plain.  wIhtc  he  continued  car- 
riage and  wagon  making,  and  now  does  a  thriv- 
ing business. 

.Icihaii  Misled  was  burn  in  Sweden,  in  1821.  and 
in  1K61  came  to  .\merica,  locating  at  Long  hake. 
Heiniepin  couiilv .  where  lie  remained  two  years. 
He  then  removed  to  the  town  of  Indeiiendence 
and  leased  a  farm,  which  he  held  until  1.S7S.  when 
he  purchased  the  farm  on  which  he  now  li\cs. 
He  was  married,  in  IMt.  to  .\nna  Jli'mmingson. 
of  Sweden.  Their  children  are:  Ilamiah.  ageil 
;U:  Peter,  32;  Charles  .]..  MK  Matihia.  21:  and 
Jose]>hine,  2(1.  Charles  J.  llisted  marrieil  Mary 
Moline  in  1K78.  They  have  one  child.  .Mnier. 
"John  Hillstrom  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  isiii. 


and  emigrated  to  America  in  1870.  After  a  short 
residence  in  Xew  York  and  eight  months  in 
Michigan,  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  worked  in 
a  lumber  mill  until  1876.  when  he  removed  to 
Maple  Plain.  In  1877  he  bought  the  farm  he 
now  lives  on.  lie  married  Miss  Clara  M.  John- 
son, who  was  born  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  in  1855. 
The  children  are:  Jeimie.  aged  four  years,  and 
Hannah,  aged  two. 

Henry  Jackson,  is  a  native  of  England,  born  in 
Chatham,  in  1821.  lie  came  to  Xew  York  while 
young,  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  cut- 
lery and  surgical  instnnnents.  until  he  reached 
the  age  of  twenty-one.  lie  then  removed  to 
Pittsburg.  Pennsylvania,  ami  was  engaged  in  the 
boot  and  shoe  trade  until  18.56,  when  poor  health 
forced  him  to  retire.  He  then  came  west  and  lo- 
cated near  Lake  Minnetonka.  lie  was  one  of  the 
voters  to  elect  the  first  Town  Board  of  Minne- 
tonka. and  put  on  the  first  shingle  roof  in  town. 
using  shingles  of  his  own  make.  In  1862,  he 
liurcliased  his  present  home  in  Independence, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  In  l.si)2.  he  married 
.Mrs.  Stimson.  They  have  one  child.  Edwin  W.. 
iiged  seventeen.  .Mr.  Jackson  enlisted  in  the  6th 
Minnesota  Inlanlry.  August.  1.S62:  was  dis- 
charged June.  IMIS.  He  was  drafted  in  Istit.  and 
served  ;diout  four  nioutlis. 

William  .Manning,  a  native  ot  Irekiml.  was 
born  in  ls:ii;.  and  came  to  .\iiieiica  at  the  ;ige  of 
thirteen,  lie  resided  in  New  York  and  .\lbany. 
engaged  as  laborer,  until  1861.  when  he  enlisted 
in  the  Slsl  Indiana  A'oliintiers.  lie  was  woimd- 
ed  at  Fort  Donaldson,  and  discharged  after  an 
active  service  of  two  and  one-half  years.  .Vfler 
his  return  from  the  army,  he  went  to  Pennsylva- 
nia, and  in  isiis  came  to  Minneaiiolis.  where  he 
rcmaineil  one  year  ;  tln'ii  came  to  Imh'pemlcnce, 
and  cleared  the  farm  he  has  since  lived  on.  lie 
married  Miss  Diigan.  soon  after  leaving  the  army. 
Tlicir  cliildien  are:  Williani.  .Ir..  Kaly.  Thom- 
as, and  Cliaiiotte. 

.Samuel  .Moore  was  born  in  Park  county.  Indi- 
ana, in  Is.'!::,  lie  Icarni'ii  the  trade  of  carpenter, 
at  which  he  worked  until  I  N-'iS.  with  the  excep- 
tion of  two  \eais  in  mercantile  business.  lie 
then  came  to  Minnesota  and  located  in  the  town 
of  Independence,  where  he  has  since  licen  en- 
gaged in  the  imiMiit  of  t'ainiiiig  and  carpenter 
work,     lie  married,  in  1K55,  Mkss  .\anc\  Wasson. 


INDEPENDENCE-  BIOOBAPHICAL. 


267 


of  Park  county,  Indiana.  They  have  six  child- 
ren: Jerome  C,  Florence  A.,  Koscoe,  Sophronia, 
John  L.  and  Effle  V. 

John  H.  McGary  was  born  in  Montgomery 
county.  Kentucky,  May  2d,  1842,  and  went  with 
his  parents  to  Indiana  the  same  year.  In  1855 
they  came  to  Minnesota  and  located  in  Independ- 
ence. He  remained  with  his  parents  until  1864, 
when  he  enlisted  in  the  Eleventh  Eegiment  and 
served  one  year.  lie  was  nianied  Seiiteml)er  3d, 
1866,  to  Mrs.  Eliza  Brandon,  liy  wlmm  he  has 
three  children:  Ruth  A.,  Katy  W.  and  Omar 
Ray.  Mr.  McGary  has  held  the  offices  of  Assess- 
or and  Town  Treasurer  for  nine  years.  His 
father,  who  died  August  13th,  1879,  was  promi- 
nent among  the  early  settlers  of  Hennepin  county. 

N.  Moline  was  born  in  Chisago  county,  Min- 
nesota, in  18.55.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Minne- 
apolis and  remained  there  for  six  years,  then 
came  to  Independence,  and  with  his  father  pur- 
chased a  farm  of  IHO  acres  in  section  thirty-six. 
His  post-office  address  is  Maple  Plain. 

K.  M.  Mills,  is  a  native  of  Henry  county.  Indi- 
ana, where  he  was  born  in  1845.  In  1854  he  re- 
moved to  Kentucky  and  remained  three  years, 
then  returned  to  Indiana.  In  the  fall  of  1863  he 
enlisted  in  the  Xintli  Indiana  Cavalry,  and 
served  until  the  fall  of  1865.  He  then  came  to 
Itlinnesota  and  purchased  a  farm  in  the  town  of 
Independence.  This  farm,  located  on  section 
twenty-two,  was  entered  by  Job  Moffat,  and  was 
the  first  claim  taken  within  the  present  limits  of 
the  town.  He  married  Miss  Maria  Batdorf  in 
June,  1866.  They  have  one  cliild.  William  D., 
born  January  3d.  1868. 

C.  W.  0"Leary,  a  life-long  resident  of  Henne- 
pin county,  was  born  in  Minneapolis  in  1859. 
He  attended  the  schools  of  that  city,  and  in  1871 
removed  with  his  parents  to  this  town.  His 
father  died  in  1876,  and  since  that  time  he  has 
lived  with  his  mother  at  the  old  home  on  section 
eighteen,  and  carried  on  the  farm.  His  post- 
office  address  is  Delano.  "Wright  county. 

John  Pagenkopf,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of 
Illinois,  and  was  born  December  23d,  1857.  In 
July,  1861,  he  came  with  liis  parents  to  Indepen- 
dence, and  has  since  resided  in  this  town.  On 
the  19th  of  March,  1878,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Carrie  Horsch,  who  has  borne  him  one  child. 
Freddie,  born  Januarv  23d.  187it. 


Daniel  S.  Styner,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
July  8th,  1815.  He  married  Margaret  Rheene, 
in  1843.  In  1856  he  came  to  ^linnesota,  and  pre- 
empted 160  acres  of  land  on  section  26,  in  what 
is  now  the  town  of  Independence,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this 
town,  and  was  a  member  of  the  first  Town  Board. 
He  has  since  held  many  offices  of  trust.  The 
house  he  biult.  on  his  arrival  here  in  1856,  was 
the  first  to  have  a  shingle  roof.  The  Indians, 
who  passed  liack  and  forth  at  that  time,  gave 
him  the  title  of  the  •  Dutch  Squire.'"  Of  his 
children.  Mary  L..  Julia  E.,  and  Charles,  came 
here  with  their  parents ;  Cora  was  born  while 
Minnesota  was  a  Territory,  and  Frank  after  its 
admission  as  a  state. 

Frank  Shrewsbury  was  born  in  1855,  in  In- 
diana, and  came  wltli  his  parents  to  Minnesota 
the  same  year.  They  located  at  what  is  now 
JIaple  Plain,  where  he  grew  to  manhood,  and  in 
1875  married  Allie  Ingerson.  Tliey  have  two 
children.  Maud  and  Maliel.  Mr.  Slnewsbury  is 
a  farmer,  and  li\es  on  the  farm  pre-empted  by 
his  father.     His  mother  is  still  living. 

G.  W.  Smith,  is  a  native  of  Jefferson  county, 
New  York,  born  ^^ovember  14th,  1816.  In  1864 
he  came  to  Minnesota,  locating  at  Saint  Cloud, 
where  he  remained  one  year ;  then  engaged  in 
mercantile  business  in  Minneapolis,  tnitil  l.s7o. 
when  he  bought  the  store  of  J.  I).  Perkins,  at 
Maple  Plain,  and  has  since  resided  there,  eon- 
ducting  a  general  mercliandise  store.  Mr.  Smith 
received  his  appointment  as  postmaster  at  Maple 
Plain,  in  187(1.  and  has  since  held  that  office. 
He  is  also  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  which  otlice  he 
has  filled  since  his  first  election,  in  1875.  He  is 
the  oldest  postmaster  on  this  line  of  railroad. 
Ills  children,  who  were  born  in  Jefferson  county, 
Xew  York,  are  Mary  Jane,  wife  of  J.  E.  Bell, 
cashier  of  the  Hennepin  County  Savings  Bank. 
Minneapolis ;  Charles  H.,  book  keeper  in  the 
same  bank,  and  William  A.,  who  died  in  Minne- 
apolis, in  1869.  He  has  a  son  who  was  born 
in  Hennepin  county  ;  Lyndon  B.,  six  years  of  age. 

Adam  Tautges  was  liorn  in  Prussia,  in  1847, 
and  came  to  America  in  18()8.  He  came  directly 
to  Minn?sota.  an<l  located  in  Medina  township, 
where  he  remained  with  his  parents  until  1876, 
when  he  bought  the  farm  he  now  occupies  in 
this  town.    lie  married  Miss  Mary  Wagner,  in 


268 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


1877.  They  have  one  child.  Anna,  aged  two 
years. 

Peter  Tantges  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  18.56, 
and  fame  to  tliis  country  witli  his  parents,  in  1868. 
lie  located  on  his  present  farm  in  187!).  lie  was 
married  to  Sophia  L.  llofllin.  in  1877.  Their 
children  .are  Alary  -V.,  aged  Uvo  years,  and  William 
A.,  aged  one  year. 

A.  Weideiihach.  also  a  native  of  Prussia,  was 
born  in  Is.S.S.  and  cmiiirated  to  this  country 
in  1858.  He  came  at  (incc  \n  llcnnciiin  cnuiity 
and  has  cleared  a  good  farm  on  section 
tliree.  He  is  a  teacher,  and  justice  of  the  peace. 
In  I860,  he  married  Miss  Cacilia -Kukorwsky. 
Adolph.  Cacilia,  Harmon.  .John,  Amelia.  Mary, 
Lucy,  and  Kdward.  are  their  children.  His  post- 
office  address  is  Hockford.  Wright  county. 

.John  Williams,  a  native  of  Xew  York,  was  bom 


in  1818.  From  that  state  he  went  to  Indiana, 
where  he  remained  luitil  ls.5.5,  when  he  came  to 
Inclependenee.  and  pre-empted  a  claim  of  160 
acres.  He  was  the  second  man  who  moved  into 
this  town,  and  has  since  resided  here.  In  1848, 
he  enlisted,  and  served  one  year  in  the  Mexican 
war.  James,  Allie,  Harvey,  Moses,  (ieorge,  and 
Imogene  are  ehildreti  by  his  first  marriage.  His 
present  wife  was  a  Miss  Wrii;lit.  to  wlidui  he  was 
married  in  187H. 

George  Washington  was  Viorn  in  ^'irginia,  in 
1848.  and  reniaiiieil  there  until  1849.  when  he  re- 
moved witli  his  iiarentsto  Teiniessee,and  in  186S 
came  to  .Minnesota.  He  was  married  in  1879.  to 
Pluebe  Vancey.  by  whom  he  has  one  child,  Willie, 
born.  March  21st,  1H80.  JSIr.  Washington  is  en- 
gaged in  farming,  and  is  the  owner  of  eighty 
acres  of  land  on  section  fifteen. 


MEDINA. 


CIIAI'TKH    Xl.IIl. 

SITUATION  -I'OI'OOH.XI'IIV — EAKLV  SKTTLEUS — 
EVENTS  OF  I8.5.5-8— TOAVN  ORGANIZATION— 
LATER  EVENTS— MISCELLANEOfS  ITEMS,  18.59 
-69 -Itl'SINKSS  KN'l'KUIMUSES— THE  PAST  DE- 
CADE     nnxiUAlMlIl    \l.. 

T<i\Mi>.  thuugh  tracing  Ihcii'  >clllcniciit  and 
origin  to  tlie  same  general  causes.  i)erhai)s  llie 
same  dates,  are.  nevertlieli'ss.  found  to  i)ossess 
historic  chila  diflci  iic'  Irnin  Ihcir  immediate 
neighbors,  as  uidcl\  as  do  the  h\cs  df  indi- 
viduals. Some  fiu'nish  little,  save  the  innsaic 
record  of  settlement  and  growth,  the  current 
flowing  smoothly  on.  its  surface  scarcely  rippleil 
liy  iin  incident  or  legenil.  In  otlieis  tlic  tide  is 
swollen  witli  such  plenteous  accumulations  of 
fact  and  fancy,  that  the  chief  dilliculty  encoun- 
tered by  the  liist<U'ian,  is  the  selection  <if  such 
items  as  will  be  of  the  greatest  general  interest. 


since  the  limits  of  space  in  this  Milumc  consigns 
many  noteworthy  facts  to  the  uncertain  custody 
of  future  tradition.  The  latl(>r  is  the  case  with 
Medina,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  no  little  regret  that 
so  few  of  the  interesting  events  iiertaining  to  its 
early  history  can  hen'  be  given. 

SI  ITAIKIN    AM)   KilMKUiAI'in  . 

.Medina  is  an  inlciioi-  town.  I'mbi'acing.  in  ad- 
dition to  the  original  towushiii.  that  iiorlion  of 
li.xcelsior  lying  north  of  Lake  .Minnetonka.  and 
has  an  area  of  26,02.^  acres.  Its  surface  isuiu'ven. 
and  in  tlu'  northwestern  ixirtion  somewhat  hilly. 
Si'\ cral  clear  lakes  dot  the  surface.     ( )n  the  west. 

I  and  l>ing  iiartly  in  the  town  bearing  its  name,  is 
Lake  Inilepeudence,  This  ami  the  larger  lake 
mentioned  as  I'oiiniug  the  southern  boundary, 
are  the  princijiai  bodies  of  water.  Long  Lake, 
from  which  theonlv  village  of  the  town  is  luuiied. 
is  of  peculiar  beant\.      .\  few  small  streams  fnr- 

I   nish  outlets  for  neail\  all  the  inlci'i<ii-  lakes.     'I'he 


MEDINA— EABLY  EVENTS. 


269 


town  is  heavily  timbered,  excepting  a  small  belt 
skirtinu;  the  north-western  portion. 

EAKLY   SETTLERS. 

The  first  permanent  settlers  came  Jiere  in  1854. 
A  marked  character  among  them  was  Stephen 
Bean,  who  came  from  Maine,  and  settled  abont 
a  mile  west  of  Long  Lake.  He  was  a  kind 
neiglibor,  liospitable,  open-hearted,  generous, 
and  had  a  wonderfully  fertile  imagination. 
Karl  and  William  Ctiarles  Kassube  came  in  1854. 
A.  T.  French  came  from  Ohio  and  settled  on  the 
north  side  of  Crystal  Bay,  a  point  commanding 
one  of  the  finest  views  nf  the  lake;  he  has  seen 
all  the  lights  and  shadows  of  fortunes,  changes. 

Mr.  French,  Vincent  Cox  and  the  Foglemans 
brought  the  first  horses  into  this  region.  Xew- 
ton  French,  "William  Carman,  Evan  Templin 
and  Richard  Danforth  came  from  Ohio;  Theo- 
dore A.  Xorris,  ^\'allace  Hatter  and  Judson 
Beach  from  Michigan;  James  Dnmbrack,  David 
Lydiard,  Eleazer  Dickey  and  Daniel  Thompson 
from  Nova  Scotia,  and  John  :\lattison  from  Illi- 
nois, all  taking  claims  near  Long  Lake.  In  the 
same  year  came  "William  Russell  from  Xew  York 
and  Fred  A.  Jennings  from  Ohio.  Tlie  location 
selected  by  Mr.  Russell  was  in  section  seventeen, 
on  the  west  shore  of  one  of  the  nimierous  bays 
now  partly  in  Medina  and  Excelsior.  Here  he 
laid  the  foundation  for  a  city  which  never  came, 
and  '-Island  City"  waited  in  vain  for  the  state  cap- 
ital. Fred  A.  Jennings  was  a  man  whose  daring 
nearly  cost  him  his  life  b.y  drowning  in  Lake 
Minnetouka.  and  once,  lost  him  in  the  wilderness 
between  the  lake  and  his  home. 

EVENTS  OF  1855. 

Prominent  among  the  arrivals  this  year,  were 
Isaac  A.  Christlieb.  R.  II.  and  J.  L.  Knettle,  B. 
C.  Haines  and  John  Schaffer,  from  Pemisylvania; 
"Vincent  Cox,  "William  and  Henry  Fogleman  and 
Edward  Turnham,  from  Indiana;  Asa  Kelley  and 
Kelsey  Ilinman  from  Ohio ;  E.  F.  "Walsh,  Jas. 
Dillman,  Samuel  Lydiard  and  Miles  Bayers,  from 
Nova  Scotia;  Shepherd  Barnes  from  Maine;  Hon. 
A.  J.  Underwood  (now  editor  of  the  Fergus  Falls 
Journal)  from  Oliio;  Henry  Stubbs,  Allen  Grave, 
George,  James  and  F.  R.  Maxwell  from  Illinois. 
Mr.  Grave's  and  Mr.  Stubl)"s  daughters  were  the 
first  young  ladies  in  the  settlement,  and  their 
advent  produced  quite  a  ripple  in  the  bachelor 


element.     The  Maxwell  brothers  brought  their 
father  with  them ;  one  of  Xapoleon's    trained 
veterans,  who  followed  the  fortunes  of  the  great 
Captain  through  many  of  his  campaigns.    John 
Schmidt,  Iniilt  and  owns  the  "Medina  House," 
wliich  he  now  rents  to  A.   J.  Rosander.    This 
year  about   fifty  German  families,  settled  in  the 
nortli  part  of  the  town  ;  prominent  among  them 
were  Matthias    Miller,  John   "Wolsfeld,  Phillip 
Klein,  and  C.   "W.   Burchfield.    Mr.  Miller  was 
the   "Peacemaker"  and  one  of  the  founders  of 
Medina,  whose  death  in  1880,  was  mourned  by 
the  entire    community.      Mr.   "Wolsfeld,    while 
returning  from  Minneapolis  seven  years  ago,  was 
attacked  by  a  man  named  Wirth,  and  so  severely 
beaten  that  he  lost  his  eyesight.     Wirth  was. 
arrested,    tried,  and  sentenced  to  seven   years 
imprisonment.    The  enraged  citizens  wanted  to 
save  the  state  the   expense  of  the  trial.    Miss 
Emma  Maxwell  was  the  first  child  born  in  Medi- 
na.   She  is  now  Mrs.  Melvina  Smith.      Elkand 
Cox,  who  died  at  the  residence  of  liis  brother,  on 
the  farm  now  owned  by  I.  A.  Christlieb,  was 
the  first  death.     The  "Wayzata  road,  from  Minne- 
apolis to  a  point  near  the  western  margin  of  the 
county,  where  it  intersects  another  established 
road,  was  located  by  O.  E.  Garrison.     A  few  ad- 
ditional names  are  given  of  those  who   settled 
here  from  1855  to  ISiid.     Isaac  Sharth.  Bradford 
"Wakefield,Perry  Parrish,  from  Ohio;Gibson  Teas, 
J.  B,  &  O.  B.  Brown,  from  Indiana;  E.  M.  Snow 
and  B.  F.  Christlieb  from  Ppnns.\l\ania;  James 
Johnson,   W.  A.  Spafford,  A.  Kruikshanks,  \'al- 
erous  Chilson  and  B.  Gasper.    In  1862  they  were 
followed    by     William     and    Joseph    Lydiard, 
Andrew  Ihown,  C.  Dittman,  and  others,  all  set- 
tling in  or  near  the  present  village  of  Long  Lake. 
Alonzo  Coleman  was  an  early  settler  and  promi- 
nent in  town  affairs. 

EVENTS  OF   1856. 

Claim  jmnping  was  one  of  the  initial  events; 
one  Kohler,  thus  attempted  to  gain  posses- 
sion of  C.  E.  Dickey's  claim,  on  .section 
26.  He  built  his  cabin,  and  took  possession 
when  the  neighbors,  led  by  Samuel  Lydiard, 
drove  the  intruder  away  and  demolished  his 
castle ;  he,  however,  compromised,  and  pur- 
chased theclaimhe  would  have  jumped.  It  was 
again  attempted  on  a  mulatto,  named  Alfred,  but 


HISTOliV  OF  HEXNEPIN  COUNTY. 


his  "backers"  were  too  many,  and  the  invader 
■ftisely  retreated.  Xo  written  contract  existed 
between  tlie  settlers  of  Medina.  l)ut  there  was  a 
distinct  understanding  that  eacli  actual  settler 
should  be  protected  in  his  rights ;  this  fact  being 
known,  put  an  end  to  claim  jumping.  The  first 
marriage  was  that  of  Sebastian  Kohler  lo  Miss 
Baumeister.  The  lirst  school,  was  taught  by 
Charles  ("hristlicl).  in  an  old  claim  shanty  on  sec- 
tion 1^4.  owned  by  (ieorge  Knettle.  his  wages 
being  paid  by  subscription.  A  .school  house  was 
built  on  section  4,  but  never  used.  In  18.58  ano- 
ther was  built  on  section  34,  known  as  the  Ilursh 
school  house,  in  which  a  school,  supported  by 
tax,  was  opened  by  .Miss  .Jane  Cowden  of  Ashta- 
bula, Ohio. 

KVKXT.S   OF    18-') 7. 

During  this  year,  the  old  Territorial  Road, 
known  as  the  Minneai)olisand  Fort  Uidgely  road, 
was  laid  through  the  town.  The  route  was  sug- 
gested by  I.  A.  Christliel).  who.  with  the  assist- 
ance of  Samuel  Lydiard.  scciufd  the  survey  by 
H.  J.  Men<lenhall.  (ieorge  Knettle  built  a  small 
steam  saw  mill  a  short  distance  west  of  the  iires- 
ent  village,  and  also  built  a  house  and  a  hotel. 
This  was  the  foundation  for  his  ••  City  of  Cum- 
berland." 1).  .V.  Ke\esanil  Frank  Fleming  built 
houses  wilhin  the  limits  nf  the  city,  and  there 
its  growth  ended.  A  lyceum  was  organized  in 
one  of  the  buildings,  where  the  Solons  met  and 
disc-ussed  the  questions  of  those  times.  Another 
city  was  lt)cated  on  the  t<iwn  line  between  Medina 
and  Independence,  by  .John  anil  Needham  Per- 
kins, anil  called  I'erkinsville.  A  store,  hotel  and 
a  few  dwellings  marked  its  greatest  growth.  It 
struggled  for  metropolitan  honors,  but  finally 
went  down,  and  now  exists  only  in  nicniory. 

This  year  was  one  of  want,  occasioni'il  liy  tlic 
ravages  of  the  grasshoiiiicis.  'I'ln-  |iriccs  df  what 
was  left  of  the  crop  were  so  lnw  that  the  settlers 
were  driven  to  the  verge  of  ilesi)air.  They  were 
relieved  by  the  sudden  demaml  fur  tlic  ginseng 
root,  which  giew  abundantly  in  the  woods.  All 
went  lo  gathering  it.  and  were  temjiorarily  re- 
lieved. 

i:VKNTS  OK   18.")K. 

In  this  year  wasestablislied  the  lirst  iiosi-ollice, 
the  lirst  school  house  was  built,  and  the  town 
organized.      Henry  Slubbs  secured  the  establish- 


ment of  a  post  office  on  section  23,  called  Tama- 
rac,  which  was  contiimed  there  until  1861,  when 
it  was  removed  to  Long  Lake,  and  John  A.  Cole- 
man ajipointed  postmaster.  The  name  was 
changed  from  Tamarac  to  Long  Lake,  iu  1867. 
The  mail  came  from  Minneajiolis  once  a  week, 
until  the  building  of  the  railroad  in  1868;  since 
tlien  tlii'x  have  liail  a  daily  mail. 

TOWN    iJUIiANIZ.VTION. 

April  10th,  18o8,  township  118,  range  23,  wasdes- 
ignated  by  the  County  Commissioners  as  Ham- 
burg, and  the  first  town  records  appear  luider 
that  name. 

On  the  1  nil  nf  .\hi\ .  l.s-")>s.  the  lirsl  town  meet- 
ing was  held  at  the  house  of  Valerous  Chilson, 
at  which  thirty-seven  voters  were  present.  Mr. 
Chilson  was  called  to  the  chair.  Andrew 
Scherer  elected  Moderator,  and  W.  F.  Ilillman 
Clerk.  The  following  officers  were  then  electeil : 
Supervisors,  'N'alerous  Chilson,  Chairman.  C.  ^Y. 
Btuchfield.  George  Reiser;  Town  Clerk,  AV.  F. 
Ilillman  ;  Assessor,  L.  Lenzen ;  Collector,  An- 
drew Scherer ;  Overseer  of  Poor,  Jos.  Lenzen ; 
.Justices.  Win.  Archibald  and  .James  Crowe  ;  Con- 
stables. Leo  Stumpf  and  Adolph  Jhittz  ;  Overseer 
of  Roads.  H.  (iasiier.  Resolutions  were  offered 
to  organi/ce  sehool  districts,  delining  legal  fences, 
and  regulating  the  running  at  laige  of  stock, 
(ieorge  Reiser  offered  a  resolution  to  change  the 
name  of  the  town  to  Medina,  which  was  unani- 
mously adopted.  The  town  then  embraced  but 
one  regidar  township,  and  remained  so  until  1868, 
when  that  jiart  of  Kxcelsior  lying  north  of  Lake 
Minnetonka  was  addecl.  liy  act  of  ConntNCom- 
missioners.  March  l!il.  Tliis  was  proposed  in 
1863.  but  rejected  li>  a  \ote  of  sixty  to  lifteen. 

i.Ari;i!   I'.VKNis. 

In  1  )ecenilier.  1S')!I.  SliaUopee  i  Little  Sixiand 
his  li:inil.  inrlniling  the  nolorions  Cut  N'ose. 
camped  on  the  south  shore  of  Long  l^ake.  on  the 
grounds  now  in  use  as  the  village  cemetery,  where 
they  lemaineil  about  a  month,  and  woidd  have 
remained  ninch  lonircr.  but  for  a  ruse  adopted  by 
Selilen  Coleman  and  .lohn  li.  Wakelield.  They 
started  a  rumor  that  the  Chipiiewas  were  massing 
in  the  vicinity.  The  ruse  had  the  desired  effect, 
and  the  camp  was  ipnckly  deserted.  Tlie  same 
Coleman  afterward  recognized  both  Shakopeeand 


MEDINA— MISCELLANEOUS  ITEMS. 


271 


Cut  Nose  in  the  l)and  capturetl  by  Gen.  Sibley  in 
his  raid  across  the  plains. 

The  massacre  of  1862  filled  the  community 
with  excitement  and  alarm.  A  stockade  was 
built  where  now  stands  the  residence  of  John 
MeCormick,  in  the  village  of  Long  Lake,  and  at 
several  other  points,  where  the  people  gatlu-ied 
nights  for  mutual  protection.  Many  from  farther 
west  flocked  here  for  safety.  The  dwellings  of 
I.  A.  Christleib,  George  Knettle,  and  James 
Johnson  (old  Cumberland  House)  were  converted 
into  semi-fortresses  for  defence.  In  1863  came 
another  scare,  from  the  fact  that  Little  Crow, 
with  a  few  braves,  was  seen  skulking  in  tlie  vic- 
inity. Whatever  niiglit  have  been  his  intentions, 
they  were  not  accomplished,  and  on  his  way  back 
to  the  plains  he  was  met  by  a  Mr.  Lampson,  near 
Hutchinson,  who  shot  him  at  siglit.  and  ended 
the  life  of  this  cunning  leader.  During  all  these 
exciting  times,  Mrs.  Matthias  Miller  was  the  only 
woman  who  did  not  leave  her  home,  but  with 
Spartan  courage  remained  at  her  post,  exhibiting 
a  coolness  that  would  do  honor  to  the  sterner 
sex. 

MISCELLANEOUS   ITEMS- -18-59-1869. 

The  first  regular  preaching  was  in  the  school 
house  at  Cumberland,  aliout  18-58,  by  Eev.  (ieo. 
Galpin,  a  ^lethodist. 

Free  Thinkers"  Club.  Tliis  name  was  adopted 
by  a  small  society  formed  in  1860;  numbering  at 
one  time  about  thirty;  at  present  it  has  about  half 
that  membership.  They  own  a  hall  28x10  feet, 
with  basement  for  culinary  use  on  social  occa- 
sions.    It  was  built  in  1874. 

In  1860  a  post-office  was  establislied  in  the 
north-east  part  of  the  town  through  the  efforts 
of  L.  Lenzen,  who  was  tlie  lirst  postmaster.  The 
office  Wcis  named  in  honor  of  its  founder — 
"  Lenz."    J.  O.  Hamelisthe  present  postmaster. 

Presbyterian  Church.  In  1863  Rev.  James 
Hunter  commenced  preaching  at  Long  Lake, 
and  in  1869  a  church  was  Iniilt.  It  is  open  to  all 
denominations.  Kev.  Charles  Thayer  has  been 
the  principal  pastor  since  it  was  opened. 

St.  Peter's  and  St.  Paul's  CathoUc  Church  was 
organized  about  1862,  and  a  small  structure  built, 
which  was  replaced  by  the  present  edifice  in  1867. 
The  society  is  now  large  and  sustains  weekly 
service. 


German  Catholic  Church.  In  1863  a  society 
was  formed  and  a  small  building  erected  on  sec- 
tion twenty-four,  which,  in  1876  gave  place  to  the 
present  structui-e,  the  old  building  being  remod- 
eled as  a  residence  for  the  priest.  The  society 
is  now  large,  and  sustains  weekly  services.  Rev. 
P.  Magmis  M.  Mayr  officiating. 

Good  Templars.  A  lodge  of  Good  Templars 
was  organized  several  years  ago,  which  is  now 
steadily  increasing  in  numbers,  holding  their 
meetings  in  "  Free  Tlunkers'  Hall  "  on  Friday 
evening  of  each  week. 

Union  Cemetery.  In  1861  a  cemetery  associa- 
tion was  formed,  and  a  site  selected  on  the  south 
bank  of  Long  Lake,  affording  a  fine  view  of  the 
lake  and  surrounding  country.  A  portion  of  it 
is  platted  and  laid  out  into  walks  and  carriage 
drives,  a  charming  spot.  The  first  burial  was  an 
infant  child  of  Bradford  "Wakefield,  in  1862. 

BUSIXE.SS  ENTERPRISES. 

In  1866,  Mills,  Cutler  &  Co.,  built  a  stave  fac- 
tory at  Long  Lake,  and  sold  it  in  1868  to  Chas. 
May  &  Co.,  who  operated  it  for  ten  years.  Since 
that  time  it  has  only  run  at  intervals.  In  1867 
Mills,  Condit  &  Co.,  opened  a  general  store  near 
the  west  end  of  Long  Lake  ;  it  was  the  only  store 
at  that  time.  They  sold  to  Low,  May  &  Co.,  who 
sold  to  other  parties.  Its  building  was  due  to 
the  prospect  of  the  speedy  completion  of  the  St. 
P.  &  P.  R.  R.,  which  was  surveyed  in  186.5. 
Grading  was  commenced  in  1866,  and  in  1868, 
the  cars  were  running,  a  depot  Ijnilt,  and  the 
village  of  Long  Lake  began  to  grow.  In  18.5.5, 
tlie  Hon.  Lewis  Harrington  stood  at  a  land  cor- 
ner on  section  33,  and  with  prophetic  accuracy 
said  :  "  Gentlemen,  when  a  road  is  built  through 
this  region,  it  can  not  go  far  from  where  we  now 
stand."  The  right  of  way  now  includes  that  iden- 
tical spot. 

THE  LAST  DECADE — 1870-80. 

Saint  Anna  Church,  French  Catholic.  This 
structure  was  commenced  in  1871,  and  completed 
in  1879.  The  first  regular  service  was  held  in 
May,  same  year.  Rev.  Z.  G.  Chandonnet  was 
its  first  pastor,  and  remained  until  January  1st, 
1880.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Peter  Boucher, 
the  present  incumbent.  The  society  numbers 
about  five  hundred. 


272 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


MEDINA  MILL  (;()MrAXY. 

Ill  January,  1875.  a  stock  compaiij' was  formed 
for  the  purpose  of  building  a  fii-st-class  flouring 
mill.  The  incorporators  were :  Samuel.  David 
and  Joseph  Lydiard.  E.  and  U.  Dickey,  1.  A. 
Christlieb,  Robert  Logan,  Wm.  Bradeu,  C.  W. 
AVecks.  John  Burns  and  E.  M.  Snow.  It  was 
rented  for  a  term  of  years  to  15.  il.  Smith,  who 
operated  it  only  two  years.  After  passing  through 
various  changes  of  ownership,  it  came  into  the 
lianijs  of  its  present  owners,  Syme  &  DeMott. 
It  is  about  sixty  feet  square,  live  stories  high, 
and  run' by  a  Corliss  condensing  engine,  of  loO 
horse  power.  The  mill  has  a  capacity  for  3o(l 
l)ariels  i>er  day.  and  furnishes  emi>loynient  to 
twenty-live  workmen.  Tliey  own  and  oi)erate 
a  cooper  shell'  where  tliey  manufacture  their 
barrels,  and  have  a  side  track,  for  receiving  and 
■lischarging  freight.  Tlie  (luality  of  the  flour 
made  at  this  mill,  witli  its  new  and  improved 
madiinery.  is  not  excelleil  l>y  any  in  tlie  Xortli- 
west. 

LENZ  GRIST  MILL, 

was  l)nilt  in  1K7().  by  Francis  Iluot.  It  is  two 
stories  liigli.and  lias  two  runs  of  stone,  driven  by 
a  twenty-live  horse-power  engine,  and  is  dning  a 
thriving  business. 

TOWN    liorsi;. 

In  187H,  a  Town  House  was  built  mi  llie  sniiUi- 
west  cornerof  Seclion  lili.a  location  selected  with 
especial  reference  to  the  acconimodalidn  of  the 
majority  of  voters.  ^ledina  now  has  a  iiopulatiim 
of  l,4<i:i  inhabitants,  witli  a  real  estate  valuatimi 
of  s:UiMi.i:{.  with  ?J1.28-jiii  the  village  of  Long 
Lake,  and  an  assessed  valuation  of  S47,i)<i4  in  per- 
sonal ludpcrty.  Its  taxes  for  188(1  were  .>?4,((i-5. 
Its  stiick  reiMirts  for  1880,  show  370  liorses,  56.5 
cattle  over  two  years  old,  788  sheep,  495  hogs. 
The  reports  also  sliow  :i,0(iO  acres  sown  to  wheat 
the  same  year.  The  village  of  Long  Lake  con- 
tains a   good    scl 1    liuilding.   erected   in  1878, 

where  a  graded  scliool  is  supported,  nine  months 
in  llie  year.  It  has  a  seating  caiiacity  for  almut 
one  hundred.  Th(^  oilier  .scliools  of  Ihi'  town 
have  houses  located  as  follows:  Joint  District 
No.  i»(),  iMedhia  and  Curconui,)  secticmo;  Dis- 
trict No.  Ki.  seclion  1 1  :  District  No.  7,  section  23; 
District  No.  f>2.  section  8 ;  District  No.  91,  sec- 
tion 32;  all  ill  town    118;   and  District  No.  1)4, 


ection  4.  Township  117.  the  portion  formerly  be- 
longing to  Excelsior. 

OKI'ICIAL    ROSTER. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  ("hairmen 
of  Board  of  Supervisors,  since  the  town  organi- 
zation :  1858,  Valerous  Chilson ;  1859  to  1863, 
John  A.  Coleman;  1864,  Saml.  Lydiard:  isiio. 
I.  A.  Christleil) ;  ISfili,  A.  Butt/.:  18ti7,  Samuel 
Lydiard;  1868,  J.  P.  Menrer;  1869  to  1871,  D. 
A.  Keyes;  1872.  C.  W.  IJordon  ;  1873.  A.  P.  Bills; 
1874-5,  N.  J.  Stubbs  ;  187ii  to  1878.  Peter  Miller  ; 
1879,  Peter  Maurer;  1880,  Peter  MiDer.  Tlie 
other  oflficers  for  1880,  were.  Supervisors,  Beiij. 
Maxon  and  Nelson  Barnes ;  Clerk.  It.  B.  Dickey  ; 
Treasurer,  B.  F.  Christlieb ;  .Vssessor.  J.  P. 
ileurer ;  Justices,  A.  C.  Bailey  and  J.  P.  Meurer ; 
Constables,  J.  A.  Coleman  and  Geo.  Reiser.  In 
1865-6,  by  a  misapprehension  of  the  law.  tlie 
time  of  holding  town  nieetiugs  was  changed  from 
.Vliiil  1(1  .March.  The  error  was  discovered  in  the 
latter  year,  and  another  election  held  Ai>ril  14th. 
This  is  called  a  sjiecial  meeting  in  the  old  town 
records,  but  was  in  t'art  the  regular  meeting. 

lUIKii;  Al'lIU   Al.. 

David  Ari'liilialil  was  liniii  in  Nova  Scotia,  in 
1S4-").  and  moved  with  his  iiarents  to  Hennepin 
county.  He  enlisted  in  1861,  in  Second  fnited 
States  Shariishooters,  afterwards  attached  to 
Fii-st  Minnesota  Regt., and  served  three  years;  was 
wounded  at  Cold  Harbor,  and  remaiiie<l  for  six 
monllis  ill  the  hosiiilal  at  .Mexaiidria.  He  was 
hiiu(iralil.\  clischarged  at  St.  I'aiil.  in  1865. 

William  .Vrchibald  was  burn  in  Nova  Scotia, 
in  the  year  isll.  He  moved  to  Hennepin  coiintv 
in  IS")."),  and  made  a  claim  where  lie  has  since 
resided.  He  is  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Liber- 
al League  Society,  is  its  President  and  i in ist  active 
meniliiT.  In  1s:il  lie  married  Diana  C.  Ilulchiii- 
siiii.-  Tlie\  hail  ten  rliildreii.  .Mrs.  .Vrchibald 
died  in  1863. 

,\.  C.  Bailey  was  liorii  in  Ohio,  in  isiii.  He 
was  ediicatecl  at  Westininster  College.  In  Isiiii 
lie  eiilistcil  in  the  l'"ii>t  ( )hio  liidepciideiit  :  served 
over  three  years,  and  was  honoralily  discharged, 
in  1865,  at  (Jallipolis.  The  same  >ear  he  moved 
to  Minnesota,  and  sellled  in  .Meilina.  where  lie 
has  since  resided.  He  luairicd  llaltie  M.  Parrish 
in  1867.     Three  chiltlren  lia\c  been  born  to  them. 

S.    Barnes   was  born    in   .Maine,   in  ls:i6.     He 


MEDINA-BIOGBAPHICAL. 


273 


settled  in  Medina  in  is-").),  and  lived  there  until 
1880,  when  he  removed  to  Oregon  and  settU-d 
near  Portland.  When  he  eame  to  Hennepin 
county  he  had  hut  hfty  cents.  The  first  year  he 
cleared  three  acres  and  planted  it  to  corn,  but 
was  scourged  witli  the  grasshoppers,  and  was 
obliged  to  support  his  family  by  making  ox  yokes 
and  axe  handles. 

E.  S.  Barnes,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born  in 
1845.  He  settled  in  Hennepin  county,  in  18o5. 
In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Second  Minnesota 
Sharpshooters,  afterwards  Company  L,  First 
Minnesota  Volunteers,  served  three  years,  was 
wounded  at  ^'icksburg  and  was  in  thirteen 
engagements,  under  (Generals  McClellan  and 
Burnside.  He  is  part  owner  of  a  saw  mill,  also 
proprietor  of  a  Sorghum  mill,  capacity  one  hund- 
red gallons  per  day.  He  has  a  farm  of  184  acres 
and  half  interest  in  300  more.  In  1867  he  mar-, 
ried  Martha  K.  Reynolds.  They  have  two  cliild- 
ren. 

Charles  Barkow  was  born  in  tiermany,  in  ls2fi, 
and  emigrated  to  America  in  18.52.  He  worked 
at  harness  making  in  Cleveland,  Oliio,  two  years, 
and  two  years  in  Oljerlin.  In  1801  he  settled  in 
Hennepin  county.  Enlisted  in  company  A, 
Fourth  Minnesota  A'olunteers  in  1804,  and  was 
lionorably  diseliarged  in  bSfi.i  ;  the  same  year  he 
married  Caroline  Sekoggv.  They  linve  eight 
children  living. 

J.  D.  Bayer  was  born  in  Xova  Scotia,  in  1832. 
He  lived  there  until  1877,  then  moved  to  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  for  two  years,  thence  to  Xew 
York;  he  then  came  to  Hennepin  county  and 
settled  in  1880.  "Worked  on  farm  thirty  years, 
then  learned  the  carpenters  trade.  He  was  sup- 
erintendent of  the  Orphan's  Home,  in  Halifax, 
his  wife  acting  as  matron,  having  charge  of  it  for 
seven  years.  His  marriage  witli  Elizabeth  A. 
Brown,  occurred  in  the  year  1860. 

Peter  Berens,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
in  1829.  He  removed  to  Hennepin  county  in 
1855,  having  Lived  one  year  in  Illinois,  and  settled 
near  Long-Lake,  being  at  that  time  farther  west 
than  any  otlier  settler  in  this  part  of  the  county. 
He  has  since  lived  liere. 

Alden  P.  Bills  was  born  in  Oneida  county,  New 

York,  in  1818.    In  the  year  1865  he  moved  to 

Hennepin  comity,  settling  at  Lake  Independence. 

He  moved  here  in  a  lumber  wagon,  Ijuilding 
18 


bridges  as  he  went.  Arriving  at  his  farm,  they 
put  up  a  stove,  and  ate  their  hrst  meal  on  a  dry 
goods  box.  Game  was  plenty  at  that  time,  and 
they  did  not  suffer  for  food.  Mrs.  Bills  was  chased 
by  a  panther,  that  came  so  near  she  could  dis- 
tinctly liear  its  steps.  ]Mr.  Bills  married  Jeanette 
Pureell,  of  Ohio.  They  have  two  cluldren  now 
living. 

C.  W.  Burcluield  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1815.  He  moved  to  Wisconsin  in  1855,  and  came 
to  Hennepin  county  in  1856. .  He  worked  in  St. 
Anthony  as  carpenter,  carrying  provisions  on  his 
Ijack  to  his  family  in  "  Lenz  ;""  went  six  miles  for 
twelve  busliels  of  potatoes,  and  gave  half  to  liave 
them  hauled  home ;  built  liis  first  log  house  in 
1856.  He  is  one  of  the  fathers  of  Medina;  mar- 
ried in  1842,  to  Christina  Frantz.  They  have 
five  children  living. 

A.  Burchfield  was  born  in  1847,  and  came  to 
Hennepin  county  viith  his  parents.  He  is  the 
inventor  of  the  F.  S.  ^ililitary  Portable  Forge,  a 
very  ingenious  and  useful  contrivance ;  when 
ready  for  moving,  it  is  mounted  on  wheels,  with 
fireplace,  forge,  tool  box  and  fan  l)ellows,  a  model 
of  completeness.  Mr.  Burchfield  lias  commenced 
manufactimng,  and  selling  state  rights. 

Peter  Boucher,-  pastor  of  St.  Anna  French 
Catholic  Clnirch  at  Lenz,  was  born  in  the  Prov- 
ince of  Quebec,  July  5th,  1821.  He  was  educated 
for  the  priesthood  at  the  College  of  Quebec.  In 
1817  took  charge  of  Sherbrook  Cliurch,  remaining 
two  years.  Then  eleven  years  at  Matane,  five 
years  at  St.  Alphonse,  and  one  year  at  St.  Raph- 
ael. Thence  to  Jefferson,  D.  T.,  where  he  re- 
mained until  18S0.  when  he  took  cliarge  of  the 
St.  Anna  Church. 

L.  K.  Campbell,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born  in 
Washington  county  in  ls.52.  When  quite  young 
he  moved  to  Winneliago  county,  Wisconsin;  was 
educated  at  Omro,  and  has  followed  teaching  for 
the  past  eight  years.  He  came  to  Minneapolis 
in  1878  and  taught  scliool  in  Crystal  Lake,  Rich- 
field and  Medina. 

I.  X.  Christliel)  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1834.  Moved  to  Medina  in  1855,  pre-empted  160 
acres  and  bought  for  cash  as  much  more.  He 
experienced  many  hardships,  paying  exorbitant 
prices  for  everything,  and  was  compelled  at  times 
to  live  on  sour  corn  meal.  The  grasshopi)ers  came 
md  destroyed  everything;  many  of  his  neighbors 


274 


HISTOSY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


left,  and  lie  would  have  been  oliliged  to  do  the 
same,  bnt  for  tlie  means  he  brought  with  liim. 
Dnrinji  the  Indian  outbreak  he  sent  his  family  to 
-Minneaiiolis  to  keep  them  from  the  murderous 
Sioux.  lias  been  Town  Clerk  and  Supervisor  for 
seventeen  years,  and  member  of  School  Board 
sixteen  years.  lie  married  Susie  Haird,  of  Si)riiiii- 
lield.  Ohio,  in  l.So!».     Tliey  liave  two  childnM. 

B.  F.  Cliristlieb  was  born  in  Cumberland  county. 
Pennsylvania.  October  Itlth.  ISSli.  He  came  to 
Medina  in  l.S.)9.  and  until  18(54  was  engaged  as 
local  surveyor  and  engineer.  He  was  then  in  the 
employ  of  the  St.  V.&.  P.  P.  P.  for  several  years. 
In  187(1.  under  Chief  Engineer  Spaulding.  he  as- 
sisted in  kicatiug  the  lirst  five  miles  from  X.  P. 
Junction.  Has  been  connected  with  other  roads, 
among  them  the  Lake  Superior  &  Miss.,  the  St. 
Paul  A:  Duluth  and  the  MimieajHiIis  &  St.  Louis. 
In    18?;^   he  was  compelled  to  abandon  his  jiro- 

fe.ssion  on  accomit  of  i i- licaltli.     In  1877  he 

formed  a  partnership  with  A.  Lydiard  in  mer- 
cantile business  at  Long  Lake.  He  has  been 
l)rominent  in  local  i)olitics.  Has  been  a  candi- 
date for  the  Legislature  on  tlie  Democratic  ticket 
several  times;  has  also  been  Town  Clerk,  and 
was  elected  Treasurer  in  188(». 

Alex.  Hickey  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  l.s.")(i. 
Moved  to  IJristol  county,  Massachusetts,  where 
he  lived  until  18(11.  when  he  came  to  Hennepin 
county,  and  settled  at  Parker's  Lake.  He  spent 
two  years  in  the  Ulack  Hills.  In  1 880 associated 
himself  with  Robert  Logan  in  the  meat  business, 
at  Long  Lake. 

|{.  P.  Dickey  was  born  in  Xova  Scotia,  in  1842. 
He  was  engaged  in  milling  in  his  native  country. 
In  l>s()K  came  to  Ileiuieiiin  county,  and  finally 
settled  at  Long  Lake.  Me  is  now  Deputy  Sheriff: 
was  clerk  of  Medina  four  years,  and  was  also 
census  enumerator.  In  1 865  he  married  IJarbara 
SlejOien.     They  have  four  children  now  living. 

Henry  Fane,  a  native  of  (iermany.  was  born 
in  IHiid.  Kmigrated  \i>  .Vim  liia  in  ls")l  ;  lie 
lived  on  Long  Islanil  three  years,  then  moved  to 
Hennepin  county  in  18.')4.  aiid  localerl  where  he- 
now  residi's.  Kidisled  in  ('ompan>  II.  Third 
Minnesota,  in  18(;l.  Serve<l  one  year,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  at  St.  Paul.  Married  in 
(iermany  to  Loui.sa  (Just,  in  l84i);  have  eight 
children,  ].,ouis,  Jolui,  Li/./ie,  Henry,  .\nnie, 
Mena,  Jennie,  and  William. 


Allen  T.  French  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1818. 
Came  to  Hennepin  comity  in  18.")4.  and  made  a 
claim  on  Crystal  bay.  Lake  ilinnetonka.  In  18(12 
he  moved  to  ilinneapolis,  and  engaged  In  busi- 
ness until  187o.  when  he  again  returned  to  his 
home  (111  Crystal  bay.  and  has  since  resided  there. 
In  isoT  he  siifTered  much  from  the  Indians  and 
grasshopjiers.  the  latter  eating  every  thing  out  side, 
and  the  former  begging  everything  inside.  Mar- 
ried Martha  Gibson,  in  18.')2.  They  have  two 
ado])ted  children. 

Allen  (irave  was  born  in  Kent  county,  Dela- 
ware, in  1811.  He  came  to  Ileimepin  county  in 
1855,  and  settled  near  Long  Lake :  at  that  time 
the  country  was  thinly  settled.  In  ls.J7  he  suf- 
fered mueh  from  the  ravages  of  the  grasslio])pers. 
Ileiuanied  in  ls;{:i.  Mary  Teas,  of  Wayne  coiinty. 
Indiana.     They  have  six  children  now  living. 

li.  C.  Haines  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  In  1820. 
Moved  to  Ohio  and  I'ennsylvania  ;  then  came  to 
Hennepin  county  in  1855.  and  made  a  claim  in 
Medina.  In  18»1H  he  returned  to  Pennsylvania, 
and  remained  there  until  18(18.  when  he  removed 
to  his  farm  in  Medina,  and  has  lived  there  since. 
Married  Lucy  Ann  Counselman.  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, in  1850.  Six  children  have  been  liorn  to 
them. 

J.  O.  llainel  was  born  In  t^)iiebi'c.  in  isXli.  He 
was  ediu'ated  at  the  Seminary  of  (.Quebec,  the 
oldest  College  in  the  town.  In  1857  he  moved  to 
Minnesota  and  settled  in  Ileimepin  county,  near 
what  is  known  as  Leu/..  When  he  came  it  was  a 
wilderness.  In  18(18,  he  went  to  Montana:  re- 
turned in  18(18,  and  established  his  store  at  Long 
Lake;  the  lirst  one  In  this  (lart  of  the  eoniity: 
the  post  otlice  of  Len/  was  traiisl'ei  red  In  him  at 
that  time. 

Charles  \\'.  Ilnagland  raiue  West  w  illi  Ills  jiar- 
eiits,  in  1862,  and  after  reniaining  in  tlie  vicinity 
of  Long  Lake,  a  slimt  time,  decided  to  make 
further  explorations;  after  several  changes  he 
reliiiiied  to  Minnesota  in  1872,  and  settled  near 
Long  Lake,  where  he  has  since  resided.  lie 
reinained  witli  liis  parents  until  .VuRust.  Issil. 
when  he  cntereil  thestoreof  ChiislliebA:  Lydiard. 
He  is  Lodge  Deputy  of  Long  Lake  Lodgi^Xo.  (15, 
I.  O.  of  (L  T. 

Louis  K.  Hoagland.  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born 
in  Tniiiibiill  coiuit).  in  18.')2.  He  moved  to  Hen- 
nepin inuritv .  anil  settled  at  Way/ata.      In  ls7(). 


MEDINA— BIOGBAPHICAL. 


275 


he  came  to  Long  Lake,  and  in  1877  began  milling, 
with  tlie  North  Star  Mill  B.  Married  to  Annie 
Johnson,  in  1876.    They  have  two  children. 

Jacob  Iluntsberger  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
in  1844.  lie  enlisted  in  isfil ,  in  Company  IL  87tli 
Pennsylvania.  Served  nearly  tour  years ;  partici- 
pating in  fifteen  engagements ;  was  (alien  pris- 
oner at  Winchester.  Exchanged  and  transferred 
to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  honorably 
discharged  in  1865,  when  he  came  and  settled  in 
Medina.  Married,  in  1866,  to  Charlotte  Arthur. 
Six  children  liave  been  born  to  them. 

M.  Huntsberger  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1834.  He  moved  to  Hennepin  county,  in  1865, 
and  settled  in  Medina.  In  1877,  started  wagon 
making  at  Long  Lake,  having  learned  the  trade 
at  Council  Bluffs,  Cumberland  county,  Penn.  He 
worked  on  the  first  building  in  Long  Lake. 

Charles  Johnson  was  born  in  Maine.  1816.  He 
moved  to  St.  Anthony  in  1852,  remained  there 
until  1855,  when  he  went  to  Nebraska ;  was  gone 
four  years ;  retm-ned  and  spent  two  years  in  Car- 
ver coimty  ;  moved  to  Minneapolis,  for  one  year, 
and  then  came  to  Long  Lake,  where  he  has  since 
resided.  When  he  first  came  here  there  were 
only  two  houses,  and  nothing  but  forest  where 
now  is  the  centre  of  the  village.  He  married  Miss 
■  E.  F.  Barnes,  in  187(1.     They  have  one  child. 

Karl  Kassnbe  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1822. 
He  emigrated  to  America  in  1854  ;  came  to  Hen- 
nepin county  the  same  year,  and  made  a  claim  of 
160  acres ;  all  he  had  to  work  with  was  a  grub 
hoe.  In  1849  he  married  Miss  F.  Dralle,  of  (Ger- 
many.   They  have  six  cliildren  living. 

Wm.  C.  Kassube,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
bom  in  1853.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1855, 
and  settled  in  Hennepin  county.  Married,  in 
April,  1879.  to  Miiniie  Sclinlz,  of  Wright  county. 
They  have  one  child,  born  April  2Ist,  isso. 

Leonard  Lenzen  was  born  .in  Germany,  in  1825. 
Emigrated  to  America  and  moved  to  Hennepin 
county  in  1856,  settling  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. He  was  the  first  postmaster  of  Lenz, 
which  position  he  held  for  eleven  years.  The  of- 
fice was  named  in  honor  of  him.  He  enlisted  in 
1864,  in  Company  E,  5th  Minnesota,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  in  1865.  Mr.  Lenzen  mar- 
ried Susanna  Roscop,  in  1857.  They  have  ten 
children  living. 

Peter G.  Lindner  was  born  in  Uermanv,  in  1826. 


He  emigrated  to  America  in  1854,  and  worked  at 
sboemaking  in  Xew  Orleans  until  18.56,  when  he 
moved  to  St.  Paul.  The  following  year  he  came 
to  Medina  and  made  a  claim.  He  is  now  engaged 
in  grape  culture.  Married,  in  1855,  to  Caroline 
L.  H.  Greve.     They  have  no  children  living' 

K.  Logan,  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia,  was  bom 
in  1836.  He  moved  to  Parker's  Lake,  Hennepin 
county,  in  1S67,  and  engaged  in  the  meat  busi- 
ness. In  1873  he  moved  to  Long  Lake,  and  con- 
tinued in  the  same  business.  In  1862  he  married 
Susan  J.  Archibald.     They  have  six  children. 

A.  R.  Loranger  was  born  in  Quebec,  in  1850. 
He  was  educated  at  Three  Rivers  College  and 
Lennoxville  Medical  College,  where  he  graduated 
under  some  of  the  best  Canadian  physicians  and 
surgeons.  Came  to  Hennepin  county  in  1879, 
and  is  now  practicing  medicine.  He  was  married 
in  1876.  to  Albina  Galinas,  of  Three  Rivers. 

A.  J.  Mayers  was  born  in  France  in  1822.  He 
emigrated  to  America  in  1867.  and  settled  iii 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  remaining  there  about 
five  years.  He  then  came  to  Minnesota,  and  lived 
in  Minneapolis  until  1878,  when  he  moved  to  Long 
Lake,  where  he  now  resides.  In  1875  he  married 
Sarah  Raphel.    One  child  has  been  bom  to  them. 

Rev.  P.  Magnus  ]M.  Mayr,  a  native  of  Bavaria, 
was  ijorn  in  ls2().  He  was  educated  for  the 
priesthood  in  the  University  of  Munich.  In  1845, 
he  emigrated  to  America.  He  was  ordained  at 
Pittsburgh,  and  his  first  charge  was  at  St.  Cloud, 
Minnesota.  Afterward,  he  had  charge  of  several 
churches  in  Wright  and  Hennepin  counties,  but 
failing  health  obliged  him  to  al)andon  them  for 
the  less  laborious  one  at  Chaska,  Carver  county, 
where  he  remained  for  seven  years.  He  was  also 
for  seven  years  at  New  Trier.  In  1879  he  took 
charge  of  tlie  Catholic  Church  in  Me<lina. 

George  ilaxwell  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1829. 
Moved  to  Hennepin  county  in  1855,  and  made  a 
claim  where  he  now  lives.  He  was  married  in 
Illinois,  to  Miss  Slane,  and  returned  in  1856, 
bringing  with  him  the  first  wagon  used  west  of 
Wayzata.  His  wife  camped  on  Lake  Minnetonka 
until  he  could  build  a  shanty.  They  have  twice 
moved  away,  bul  now  have  settled  in  Medina 
permanently. 

J.  P.  Meurer,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom 
in  1.S33.  He  emigrated  to  Amciica  in  1855,  and 
worked  at  his  trade,  plate  printing  and  engraving, 


276 


HISTORY  OF  HEyyUPiy  COUNTY. 


in  Xew  York,  for  about  two  yeare;  then  went  to 
St.  Paul ;  remained  tliere  initil  ISoH.  when  he 
moved  to  Hennepin  county.  Enlisted  in  1864.  in 
Co.  II.  3d  Miiui.:  was  lionorahly  discliarijfd  in 
l.S(>o,  and  returned  to  his  farm.  He  has  lilled  tlie 
offices  of  Clerk,  Super\'!sor.  and  Assessor  in  the 
town  of  Medina,  wliere  iie  has  since  resided. 

IVter  Miller,  horn  in  Prussia.  ]s.s.{.  emigrated 
to  Anieriea  and  lived  in  Illinois  lor  two  years. 
Moved  to  Hennepin  coiiiitx .  in  LSoo,  and  made  a 
claim  in  Medina  ;  hasheldthe  oflice  of  chairman 
of  town  board  for  four  years.  Married  to  Mar- 
garet Shaussen  in  ISfiT  :  Enlisted  in  Company  E. 
Independent  U;itlallion.  Miimesota  A'olunteers, 
ls»i4:  honorably  discharged  at  Fort  Snelling.  1S06. 

P.  Parri.sh  was  born  in  Erie  comity,  New  York, 
in  1814.  He  moved  with  his  parents  to  Genesee 
county,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  years  went 
to  (ieauga  county.  Ohio,  thence  to  Camden.  Ohio, 
in  1S41,  and  engaged  in  railroading.  lie  came  to 
IIenne])in  county  in  IhoS,  and  Ixnight  the  farm 
on  which  he  now  resides.  Married  Laura  A. 
\'an  \'alkenburgin  ].s39.  They  have  four  child- 
ren. Lemira.  Charles  Henry.  Ilattie  M.,  Carlos  F. 

Romain  Pouliot.  a  native  of  Quebec,  was  born 
in  '[KVk  He  came  to  Heinie)Mn  county  and  made 
a  claim  :  built  a  small  log  house  and  began  to 
clear  his  farm.  He  eidisted  in  Company  II, 
Heavy  Artillery,  and  was  discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling  in  ]m'i.  He  married  in  ls.')7.  Eugenia 
Hamel.    They  have  eleven  children  living. 

(Jeorgc  Reiser,  a  native  of  tiermany,  was  born 
in  isbi.  Moved  to  America,  settled  in  Boston. 
Massachusetts,  and  woiked  at  bronzing  for  eleven 
years.  In  lK.>j  he  settled  in  Medina.  Ilcnnciiin 
county.  He  was  a  member  of  the  llrst  lioard  and 
suggested  the  name  which  the  town  now  bears. 
He  married  in  ls4o,  Mary  ,Vnn  Lelzkiis.  They 
have  seven  children. 

.Joseph  li.  Ueiser  was  born  in  East  Cambridge, 
Massai-hiisetls,  in  lH4t).  Moved  to  Ilemiepin 
county  in  IH.j.j,  ami  settled  where  he  now  lives. 
He  is  the  son  of  (ieorge  Heiser.  one  of  the  i)io- 
neer settlers  of  this  part  of  lliecoiuilv.  hi  Isn't 
he  married  .liili;i  I'rclwil/.  They  have  six  chilil- 
ren. 

.\n<lrcu  .1.  Kosaiidcr.  a  iiiiti\i' of  Sweden,  was 
born  in  1h.">(I.  lie  emigrated  to  .\nicrica  in  ISTJ. 
and  loialed  at  Castle  Kock.  Dakota  county.  Min- 
nesota: nioM'd  to  .\noka.  then  to  Wisconsin  for  a 


short  time,  thence  to  Miimeapolis  and  engaged  in 
brick  making  in  1878.  Married  in  1880  to  Han- 
nah C.  Johnson.  Mr.  Kosander  has  now  rented 
the  "Medina  House"'  at  Long  Lake  for  a  term  of 
years. 

Anton  Schaar  was  liorn  in  (iermany.  in  1821. 
Moved  to  America  in  1848.  and  settled  in  Hen- 
nepin county  ten  years  later.  He  bought  a  farm, 
built  a  log  house,  and  cleared  two  acres  the  first 
>  ear ;  has  now  cleared  it  up  and  built  a  nice 
house.  His  last  marriage  was  to  Elizabeth 
Boetel.    They  have  four  children  now  living. 

Joseph  Schaar  was  born  in  Germany,  in  1821, 
and  is  a  twin  brother  of  Anton.  He  came  to 
this  country  one  year  later  than  his  brother,  and 
they  have  lived  togetlier  since  that  time,  he  hav- 
ing bought  hind  near  .Vntou's  farm.  In  1862,  he 
enlisted  in  Miimesota  Mounted  Bangers,  serving 
one  year,  then  in  Company  I).  2d  Minnesota  Cav- 
alry. He  was  in  several  engagements,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  at  Fort  Snelling.  in  lMi4. 

Dr.  A.  W.  Sliuck  was  born  in  Peimsylvania,  in 
1837.  AVhen  fourteen  years  old  he  began  to  work 
at  carpentering ;  followed  it  for  two  years.  Was 
iilso  engaged  in  teaching.  He  attended  two 
courses  of  lectures  at  the  Eclectic  Me<lical  In- 
stitute. Cincinnati,  and  one  course  at  .N'cwton's 
Clinical  Instituli'.  lb'  coinnienccd  the  jiractice 
of  medicine  in  I8.j!(.  In  isdl  he  entered  the 
army,  serving  in  the  medical  department  of  tlie 
army  and  navy  for  three  and  a  half  years.  He 
moved  to  Benton  county,  and  practiced  medicine 
tidui  1866  to  1873,  wlien  he  went  to  Lake  Miiuie- 
tonka.  He  now  resides  at  Long  Lake,  enjoying 
a  large  practice.  He  married  Mattie  A.  McClan- 
ualiiin.     Tlic\  lia\f  seven  children. 

II.  Sliuniacher.  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  boin  in 
1«21.  l-juigrated  to  .Viucrica  in  IS.Vi.  Mov(m1  to 
Scott  count\ .  .Minnesota,  in  Is.').").  Finally  settled 
in  liidi'pcndence,  mailc  a  claim,  and  lived  on  it 
fill'  eight  years,  then  came  lo  .Medina.  He  enlist- 
ed ill  1M14.  in  Comiian\  !•'.  Iltli  .Minnesota  \'ol- 
uiiteers.  Was  bonorabl_\  dischargeil  at  Fort 
Snelling.  in  Isii-").  Married  Miss  M.  (Jeigerman. 
They  have  eleven  children  now  living. 

Dr.  .Mark  H.  Sheppard  was  born  in  l,tiiebcc.  in 
1S20.  .Moved  to  I'jiglaiid  ami  IVoiii  there  to  the 
Isle  of  Man.  He  was  educated  at  King  Williams 
College,  served  his  time  at  the  Kosal  Inlirmary. 
Li\erpool.   and  passed  exaniinalion    in  the  Lou. 


MEDINA— BIOOBAPHICAL. 


don  College  of  Surgeons.  He  has  traveled  ex- 
tensively. For  a  time  he  was  surgeon  on  the 
Black  Ball  Line,  sailing  between  Liverpool  and 
New  York,  and  practiced  medicine  in  Nova  Sco- 
tia for  ten  \ears.  In  ISfiS  he  went  to  Parker's 
Lake,  and  thence  to  I'rinceton,  where  he  prac- 
ticed medicine  Ave  years.  lie  then  came  to  Long 
Lake,  and  has  since  resided  here.  In  1866  he 
married  Catherine  A.  MeCloud. 

W.  A.  Spaft'ord,  a  native  of  Quebec,  was  born 
in  1825.  He  came  to  Hennepin  county  in  18.53 
and  pre-empted  a  farm  near  Hopkins  Station; 
lived  there  two  years;  then  in  185.5  moved  to  Me- 
dina, bought  a  claim  and  sold  it  three  years  later; 
he  then  located  on  the  Lydiard  property  which  he 
sold  in  1862  and  moved  to  wliere  he  now  resides. 
The  grasshoppers  attacked  him  in  1856:  and  in 
1862,  the  Indians  obliged  him  lo  move  his  family 
to  Minneapolis  for  safety. 

Henry  Stuhbs  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  ISOd.  He 
moved  to  ^linnesota  in  1856,  and  made  a  claim  in 
Medina,  where  he  now  resides.  At  that  time 
Minneapolis  had  lint  one  or  two  stores;  Medina 
people  had  to  go  there  to  mill  for  some  years. 
The  first  school  in  this  town  was  held  in  an  old 
log  blacksmith  shop  on  Mr.  Stidibs"  jilace.  He 
was  the  first  postmaster  at  Taniarac.  afterwards 
changed  to  Long  Lake. 

J.  D.  Stafford  was  born  in  Indiana,  in  1H42. 
Came  to  ^Minnesota  and  settled  in  Medina,  in 
1861.  He  enlisted  in  1862.  serving  part  of  the 
time  among  the  Indians,  the  balance  of  the  time 
South.  He  was  at  the  siege  of  Fort  Blakely  on 
Mobile  ]3ay  for  fourteen  days.  Was  honorably 
discharged  at  Fort  Snelling  in  1865.  Married 
Ella  Styner  in  1869.     They  have  three  children. 

C.  R.  Stubbs  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1845.  He 
came  with  his  parents  to  Hennepin  county,  and 
has  sijice  resided  here.  ilr.  Slublis  married,  in 
1869,  Esther  White.  They  have  four  children. 
He  owns  a  Sorghinn  Mill.  Stubbs'  I'aten't  Pans, 
and  Excelsior  Machine,  cajiacity  150  gallons  per 
day,  two  horse  power. 

Gibson  Teas  was  born  in  Delaware,  in  1809. 
He  moved  to  Wayne  county,  Indiana,  in  1818  ; 
thence  to  Hennepin  county,  Miiniesota,  hi  1856, 
and  settled  near  Starvation  Point,  Lake  Minne- 
tonka.  In  1858,  lie  sold  all  his  effects  but  land, 
for  a  twenty  dollar  gold  piece,  and  moved  to 
Indiana.     Married  Miss  1).  Stafford  in  1859.  and 


returned  to  Hennepin  county  in  1S61.  experi- 
encing many  hardships.  In  1862.  expecting  hourly 
to  be  attacked  by  Indians,  they  loaded  their  goods 
into  a  spring  wagon,  and  left,  but  afterwards 
returned  to  the  farm,  where  they  have  since  re- 
mained. 

J.  Tnrnham  was  born  in  Illinois,  in  1850;  moved 
to  Itlinnesota  and  settled  in  Medina.  He  is  the 
owner  of  Turiihani's  Sorghum  Mill,  built  in  1877, 
and  located  on  his  farm  three  miles  from  Long 
Lake :  capacity  one  hundred  gallons  per  day. 
He  raises  five  to  ten  acres  of  cane  per  year,  ma- 
king about  1.000  gallons,  besides  manufacturing 
for  other  i>arties.  Jlr.  Turnhani  married  Ellen 
^IcKenett'  in  1875.  She  has  borne  him  two  chil- 
dren. 

J.  D.  Twist,  a  native  of  New  York,  was  liorn 
in  Madison  county.  He  moved  to  West  Virginia, 
thence  to  Ohio,  thence  to  Indiana,  and  in  1S67 
came  to  Medina,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He 
has  one  of  the  largest  and  most  complete  sorghum 
mills  in  the  county,  producing  about  150  gallons 
of  syrup  per  day,  equipped  with  Stubbs  &  Sons 
patent  pans,  and  all  under  cover.  He  married 
Elizabeth  Lynch.    They  have  live  children  living. 

E.  F.  Walsh,  born  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  1827. 
He  settled  in  Hennepin  county  in  1856.  and  took 
a  claim  where  he  now  lives.  Married  in  1855, 
to  Mary  Cxilman.  They  have  six  cluldren.  Lahe- 
lia,  Burke.  J.  D.,  Ida  May,  Eda  Mary  and  Frank. 

A.  W.  Wamboldt,  born  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  1851. 
He  moved  to  Hennepin  county  in  1863.  and  learn- 
ed the  cooper's  trade  in  ^Minneapolis.  He  went 
to  Florida,  and  lived  two  years,  then  returned  to 
Medina,  where  he  has  since  resided,  excepting  a 
short  time  in  Meeker  c(iunty.  He  was  married 
in  1880,  to  Miss  Ida  M.Walsh. 

Dr.  S.  J.  Wooster  was  born  in  Lenawee  county, 
\  Michigan,  in  18.50.  He  came  with  his  grand- 
Iiarents  to  Long  Lake,  Mimieiota,  and  learned 
thoroughly  the  prescription  part  of  tlie  drug  busi- 
ness, with  George  Savoy,  of  Miuiieaift)lis,  and 
was  associated  with  C.  A.  Buiidy  in  the  drug 
I  trade.  He  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Karl  Ben- 
deke,  of  Minneapolis  ;  graduated  at  Keokuk  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  receiving  medi- 
cal advice  from  some  of  the  best  phjsicians  in 
America.  He  then  located  at  Long  Lake.  In 
1S76  he  married  Margaret  .Ionian.  One  child 
has  been  born  to  them. 


278 


HISTORY  OF  HJENNEPIA'  COUNTY. 


CRYSTAL  LAKE 


rilAPTKH  XLIV. 

GENERAL    DESCKU'TIOS  -  SETTLEMENT —CIVIL 

HISTORY JI ANUFACTUKCNG   INTERESTS 

CHURCHES— SCHOOLS— HAILROAD—lilOOH  APH- 
ICAL. 

This  is  one  uf  the  easleni  tier  of  townships,  hoi- 
(lering  on  tlie  Mississii^ii  Hiver.  The  surface  is 
undnlatinsr.  or  rolUnjr.  and  is  liKlitly  wooded,  ex- 
cept in  the  western  part  where  tlie  quality  of  tlie 
soil  is  better,  and  merges  into  a  beautiful  prairie. 
The  area  of  brick  clay  extends  along  the  river, 
and  is  utilized  as  seen  under  the  head  of  manu- 
factures. Kiiur  lakes  and  one  creek,  represent 
the  internal  waters  of  the  town.  Twin  lake  is  far 
the  largest,  formed,  as  its  name  would  indicate, 
by  the  union  of  two  bodies  of  water  by  a  narrow 
strait.  The  shores  of  this  lake  are  consideralily 
marshy.  Crystal  lake  is  smaller.  Iml  lias  a  good 
depth  of  water  and  l)etter  shores.  These  lakes 
are  well  stocked  with  lisli  :  pickerel,  bass.  etc. 
Armstrong  lake  is  quite  small,  with  shores  mostly 
hard.  Crandall  lake  has  no  inlet  or  outlet,  and  is 
gradually  drying  \qp.  Shingle  creek  Hows  through 
tlie  eastern  part  of  the  town  and  alfoids  a  water- 
power  near  its  mouth. 

SETTLEMENT  OK  CliVM  AI.  LAKE. 

The  lirst  settlenieiil  was  made  in  ls."):i.and  llie 
first  settler  was  .John  Ware  Dow.  who  came 
March  2iilli.  .John  ('.  Uohanon  came  March  :27th. 
Later,  llie  same  year  came  Mrs.  Kljoda  r.caii  and 
family.  Joel  and  Kben  Howe,  .lolni  M.  Snow. 
Iliram  Armstrong.  David  Smith,  (ieorge  ('ani)i. 
Mr.  McNair.  and  Leonard  (Iimld.  Mr.  John 
Wesley  Dow.  son  of  Jolm  Ware  Dow.  niaile  his 

claim  July  oth  of   the   same  year.      .\1 t    the 

satue  time  and  later,  catne  Mr.  X.  I'.  Warren.  .lo- 
siah  Dutlon.  W\man  .McCundiei-.  1>.  Wagner, 
.lohn  (Jearly.  and  Hev.  Lyman  I'ldmer.  Other 
names  <if  earh    settlers  are    Itnfus  Kaniliani.  D. 


C.  Crandall.  (ieorge  (iiebenhain.  Peter  Schuller, 
Z.  Gillespie,  David  Morgan.  E.  McCausland.  H. 
R.  Stillman,  and  J.  S.  Malbon. 

The  first  death  occurred  in  the  family  of  Mr. 
Uohanon  -a  little  boy.  Frederick,  aged  six  months. 
lie  was  b(Mii  in  St.  Anthony,  and  was  about  two 
months  olcl  at  the  time  the  claim  was  entered.  Tlie 
second  death  was  that  of  Mrs.  Uohanon.  who  died 
January  lltli.  ls")H. 

In  ISoT.  a  few  were  left  destitute  by  tlie  rav- 
ages of  grasshoppers,  lint  this  town  suffered 
much  less  tlian  others  adjacent.  After  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  :Military  Reservation,  and  the  conse- 
ciuent  settlement  of  .Minneapolis.  Crystal  Lake. 
as  well  as  llic  ntlicr  towns  near  by.  develoiied 
rapidl\ .  The  present  population  of  the  town  is 
1U2M.  .Veres  of  land.  14/)-")0.  Assesse<l  vabiation 
of  land  ill  isiii).  SH8,o88;  1875,  ?343.03.5:  1880. 
$4sn.lill.  Personal  iirojierty  in  18(!9.  §27.002; 
lS7o.  SH7,2o7:  188(1.  ^(iii.iiiis.  Total  taxes,  isfiit. 
$2,927:  1875,  S3,"33;  1880.  S4.37().  Horses  over 
two  years  old.  in  18(jn.  222;  1875.  285;  1880.  ;^64. 
Cattle  over  two  years  old.  in  18(i<).  493;  1875.  ()3(); 
1880,  445.  Sheep.  18()9.  :<8l:  1875,  248;  1880.  2S) . 
Hogs.  l.S(i9.  143;  1S75.  144;  1880.212.  Rusliels 
of  wheat  in  ls(i9.  14.1111;  1875.  15.731;  1880,  acre- 
age. 2.31  1. 

The  iKMllierii  pari  of  (  r\  slal  Lake  was  iMice 
called  I'aniicisN  ille.  embracing  tlie  tliree  iiorllierii 
tiers  of  sections  of  the  lowiisliip.  Previous  to  tlie 
establishment  of  I-'armersville.  two  of  the  four 
tiers  of  sections  wliicli  now  constitute  the  town 
<'i\stal  Lake,  belonged  to  the  town  of  Rrooklyu. 
and  twi)  to  the  town  of  Minneapolis.  The  town 
of  Farmersville  was  set  aiiart  by  the  county  com-, 
uiissioners.  July  Hth,  185s.  by  taking  two  tiers  of 
sections  from  Rrooklyu  and  one  liom  .Minneaiio- 
lis.  .\t  a  siibsetpieul  meeting  this  a<tion  w:is 
re-coiisidered  and  Kanuersville  was  never  organ- 
ized, but  lapsed,  and  the  boundaries  leniained  as 
estalilislicd  April    jotli.    Is.Vs.      In    IsiiO.    Crystal 


CRYSTAL  LAKE— CIVIL  HISTORY—MANTTFACTURING. 


79 


Lake  was  formed,  by  taking  two  tiers  of  sections 
from  Brooklyn  and  two  from  Minneapolis. 

CIVIL   HISTORY. 

The  caucus  for  the  nomination  of  the  lirst  olli- 
cers  of  the  town,  was  held  at  the  house  of  J.  S. 
Malbon,  March  24th,  1860,  and  the  tirst  election 
was  held  at  the  same  place,  April  3d.  The 
meeting  was  called  to  order  Iiy  Mr.  Malljon  and 
n.  S.  Camp  was  elected  temporary  chairman; 
Moderator,  X.  U.  Thompson;  Clerk,  II.  8.  Camp; 
Judges  of  Election.  James  Brown.  J.  S.  Malbon 
and  Z.  Gillespie.  The  oath  was  administered  by 
II.  S.  Camp,  notary  public.  The  following  offi- 
cers were  elected  :  Sujiervisors,  Henry  S.  Plum- 
mer,  ebairman,  .bihu  1!.  Johnson,  Lorenzo  P. 
Warren  ;  Treasurer.  Zacbariah  Gillespie  ;  Asses- 
sor, Luther  M.  Bartlow  ;  Justices,  II.  S.  Camp 
and  David  W.  Jones  ;  Constables,  Warren  Willy 
and  J.  S.  Wales  ;  Superintendent  of  Schools,  X. 
H.  Thompson.  The  total  numlier  of  votes  cast 
at  this  election,  was  lifty-tive.  The  supervisors 
were  authorized  to  levy  a  tax  of  S200,  on  the 
"polls"  and  "real  estate"  to  defray  incidental 
expenses  for  the  year  of  1860.  April  30th,  Josiab 
Button  was  appointed  assessor,  Mr.  Bartlow 
having  failed  to  qualify.  The  town  officers  for 
1880  were  :  Supervisors,  Phillip  Ilynes.  chairman. 
Phillip  Kuch  and  George  L.  Brimhall  ;  Clerk.  N. 
F.  Euss  ;  Treasurer,  J.  P.  Shumway  ;  Assessor. 
Tlieo<lore  Kirkwood. 

3IANUFACTUK1NG    INTEUKSTS. 

David  Morgan  built  the  first  flouring  mill  in 
Crystal  Lake,  in  1859.  It  was  30x40  feet,  two 
stories  high  and  had  two  runs  of  stone.  The 
mni  stood  on  the  north-east  quarter  of  section 
four,  near  the  present  site  of  II.  Oswald's  house. 
A  dam  was  built  on  the  creek,  and  a  race,  about 
twenty-five  rods  in  length,  cut  to  it.  The  race 
has  now  disappeared,  but  the  dam  remains.  Mr. 
Morgan  sold  the  old  mill,  with  the  improvements 
he  had  made,  to  parties  who  built  the  new  one  on 
its  present  site.  The  old  nuicliinery  was  used  and 
new  material  added.  It  was  iiurchased  in  1872, 
by  Oswald  and  Bingenheimer,  and  since  the  death 
of  the  latter,  in  1873,  it  has  been  owned  and  op- 
erated Ijy  Mr.  Oswald.  Tlie  mill  is  located  near 
the  Mississippi  river,  on  Shingle  creek.  Tin- 
main  building  is  40x47  feet,  with  one  addition  for 
the  shafting  and  water  wheel,  and  another  for  an 


engine.  It  has  a  seventeen  and  a  half  inch  tur- 
bine wheel  and  an  engine  of  sixty  horse  power. 
The  engine  has  been  recently  added. 

The  mill  has  four  runs  of  stone,  one  crusher, 
three  middlings  purifiers  and  five  bolting  reels. 
All  the  machinery  is  new  and  complete.  The 
capacity  of  the  mill  is  about  one  hundred  barrels 
in  twenty-four  hours. 

Morrison's  Brick  Yard.  In  Isti;  this  yard  was 
opened  by  Messrs.  S.  I).  ^lorrison  and  V.  Trues- 
dell,  and  operated  by  tbeia  three  years.  It  has 
four  mills  for  grinding  clay,  and  employs  about 
twenty  men.  The  capital  employed  is  about 
?6,000,  and  tlie  product  of  the  yard,  in  1880,  was 
1,800,000  brick,  which  t'duiicl  a  ready  market  in 
Minneapolis. 

Brick  Yard  of  Jolmsdii  and  Berg.  This  yard 
was  formerly  carried  on  by  Todd  and  Johnson,  but 
is  now  owned  and  operated  by  Johnson  and  Berg. 
It  employs  four  clay  grinding  mills  and  about 
twenty  men.  The  cai)ital  enii)loyed  is  about 
.1^5,0(10.  The  brick  manufactured  in  this  and  the 
neigldioring  yards,  are  the  light-colored  brick 
common  to  this  vicinity. 

Weithoff's  Brick  Yard.  This  yard  is  located 
on  section  twelve  and  is  owned  and  operated  by 
Mr.  William  Weitlioff.  It  employs fivo  machines 
for  grinding  clay,  and  aljout  eight  men.  Its 
product  is  600.000  brick  annually. 

Shops.  E.  L.  Iliggins'  blacksmith  shop  is  the 
only  one  in  town.  It  was  built  long  ago,  but  has 
lieen  occupied  only  two  years  l)y  Mr.  Higgins. 

Only  one  small  store  is  found  in  town,  which 
carries  the  usual  stock  of  dry  goods  and  groce- 
ries. It  is  located  at  Shingle  Creek.  In  187.5, 
Anton  Wolf  built  a  hotel  on  section  six.  It  is 
located  four  miles  from  Minneapolis,  near  the 
banks  of  Crystal  Lake,  and  is  frequented  by 
sportsmen  in  tlie  hunting  season.  The  post-office 
is  at  Sliingle  Creek.  As  this  town  borders  on  the 
city  of  Minneapolis,  nearly  all  of  the  south  half 
of  section  ten  has  been  platted  in  town  lots,  as 
an  addition  to  that  city,  and  the  streets  are  num- 
bered and  laid  out  regularly  as  a  part  thereof, 
though  not  embraced  under  the  city  government. 

Witt's  stock  yards  and  slaughter  hou.se.  Clias. 
Witt  ,builtand  put  in  operation  this  institution, 
in  1S79.  suice  which  time  it  has  been  growing  rap- 
idly in  favor.  The  stock  yards  are  the  largest  in 
this  part  of  the  .state,  and  are  situated  corner  of 


2S(I 


HISTOBY  OF  HEXyjiPiy  COUNTY. 


2d  street  and  2(itli  Avenue  Xorth.  on  the  sontli 
line  (if  tlie  town.  The  hnsiness  of  tlie  yard  chi- 
ring_tlie  lastjyear.  has  liccn  over  six  tliousaud 
head  of  cattle.  l)esides  a  f;eneral  connnission  liii- 
.siness  in  live  stoek.  The  sheds  alfnrd  accoinuio- 
dation  for  eight  hundred  head  of  cattle,  and  tele- 
phone coiniection  with  the  city  enables  Mr.  Witt 
to  send  men  promptly  to  the  depots  and  markets, 
for  removing  stock,  and  other  jmrposes.  The 
slaughter  house  is  open  to  the  use  of  all  dealers 
in  meats  in  the  city,  and  is  already  used  by  many. 
It  alTords  facilities  for  killing  sixty  head  iH'r  da\ . 
is  well  e(iuipi)cd.  and  keiit  in  a  neat  condition  by 
the  proprietor,  furnishing  every  convenience  for 
the  transaction  of  business.  In  connection  with 
it.  is  kept  a  neat  hotel,  for  the  accommodation  of 
customers  and  the  general  jiublic. 

cinuciiivs. 

Three  church  organizations  are  siistaincil  in 
the  town  :  the  •■Methodist  Eiiiscojial.""  "Free  Will 
Baptist,"  and  '■  Catholic. "  The  .Methodist  or- 
ganization, began  by  the  forming  of  a  class,  in 
18(i(.  uniler  Uev.  Jesse  Smith,  at  the  school 
house,  where  preaching  was  had  once  in  two 
weeks.  Hev.  Mr.  Smith  continued  one  year.  His 
successors  were  Uevs.  .1.  II.  .Maconilier.  three 
years;  Henry  IJrook.  two  years:  David  Ihooks. 
one  year:  F.  II.  Tubbs.  two  years;  L.  1'.  Sniilh, 
two  years:  O.  K.  Stoddard,  eight  nidulhs.  Hex. 
Mr.  Stoiidaril  died  while  in  charge.  an<l  Hev.  .1. 
W.  Cornisli  linished  that  year.  Hev.  ]5o>d 
Phelps,  the  next  pastor,  remained  nue  \ear.  and 
Hev.  Levi  (Jleason.  one  year.  Hev.  .1.  Teter  is 
the  jiresent  pastor.  In  March.  1.S7SI.  the  chnich 
liuilding  wa-^  c(ii]Miii'nccd  ;  it  was  I'lmiiilctcd 
and  decbi'ated  Novendier  .Soth.  INTli.  It  is  a 
frame  building,  veneered  with  brick,  in  si/e  SO 
X  46  feel,  with  a  vestibule  s\\i;  IitI.  ami  t\\cii(\ 
feet  posts.  It  is  linishcil  In  pine  and  black  wal- 
nut, is  heated  |]\  a  furnai  c.  has  a  good  organ, 
and  cost  about  :>2.lou.  The  ccniclcrv  is  near  the 
church,  on  the  south. 

The  Crystal  Lake  and  l!r.i.iUl>n  Kic-  Will 
liaptist  church,  was  organized.  .May  27th.  1M(>(), 
with  six  niendpcrs.  by  He\ .  \V.  Ilaydcn  and  A.  I). 
Sandboiri.  11  had  ]iii  paslni.  Iml  onlv  iicc;isj(iiial 
preaching  until  .March.  Im>2.  .\liout  this  tinu'. 
Hev.  H.  W .  Bryant,  of  .Miiuieapolis.  coninienccd 
visiting  the  churcli,  holding  ocea.sional  excning 


meetings,  and  Rev.  II.  X.  Ilerrick  premdied  every 
two  weeks.  Hev.  Mr.  Hryant  was  pastor  from 
this  time  until  May.  lsi;4.  w  hen  he  was  succeeded 
li\  Hev.  ,1.  Elliot.  Hev.  \V.  Ilaydcn  was  pastor, 
(luring  ISHO.and  Hev.  C.  L.  Hussell.  in  1870-71. 
From  this  date  to  187(1,  the  church  was  partially 
supiilied  liy  Hev.  11.  X.  Ilerrick ;  then  followed 
Rev.  J.  C.  H(d)inson  for  one  year.  Rev.  A.  J. 
Davis,  luitil  the  fall  of  1878.  and  Rev.  .\. 
II.  Ilanscome  for  one  xear.  .\  vacancy  tlicn 
oecured,  until  April  1880.  when  the  present  jiastor 
Rev.  D.  D.  Mitchell  took  the  charge.  The  mem- 
bershiii  is  now  thirty,  and  the  otticers  are.  clerk. 
•J.  F.  Shumway:  deacons.  1).  W.  .lonesand  William 
M.  Stinchfield.  The  chinch  was  built  in  l87o-li. 
on  section  •";  and  is  about  H0x40  f(>et.  with  18  feet 
posts.  It  is  a  neat  strnctiii-e.  c(iiii)ilctcl.\  fiiiislicd 
within,  and  cost  about  S2.20(i. 

St.  Mary's  Catholic  Church  has  almul  tvvciity 
members.  The  building  is  of  wood,  and  was 
built  for  a  (ierniaii  Catholic  school-house  in  180;-!. 
The  original  building  was  about  2ii\:(0.  but  In 
1S7.S.  when  it  began  to  he  used  as  a  church,  an 
addition  was  made  about  two-thirds  the  size  of 
the  original  liutliliug  ami  it  then  received  its  pres- 
ent name.  The  lirst  jiriesl  was  Father  Kberhart 
and  the  present.  Father  1'.  Havtholomeiis.  The 
lirst  baptism,  was  that  nl'  Matthias  Reicheit. 
-May  loth.  lS(i:i.  .V.  cenielcrv  adjoins  the  church 
nil  the  east. 

•-CIKldl.s. 

.laniiar.N  :!il.  ls.);i.  Joliii  \\aic  Dow  wasnoti. 
lied  by  .lohii  II.  Stevens,  then  clerk  of  the  Hoard 
of  County  Connnissioners.  that  a  school  district 
calle(I  Xo.  2.  had  been  formed  and  he  was  re- 
(|Ueste(l  to  liotifx  the  legal  Ndlci's  therein  and 
call  a  meeting.  The  district  at  that  tlmcinchided 
nearly  all  the  north  half  of  the  coinitx.  .\  line 
lunning  west  Ironi  tlie  river,  about  a  mile  north 
of  the  south  line  nl  (ixslal  Lake  Inwnshiii  to  the 
west  boimdarN  of  the  i-diinlv.  was  the  soulh  line 
of  the  district.  .\  school  was  held  that  \car  in  a 
claim  shanty  on  laud  llial  now  belongs  to  .1.  (Jil. 
lespie.  and  laiighl  by  .Miss  Sinilli.  This  was 
probably  the  lirst  school  in  the  northern  Jiart  of 
the  coMiity.  The  old  school  building  was  located 
near  1  lie  site  of  llic  preseiil  one.  belonging  to  No. 
2ii.  .\  school  system  has  grown  up.  embracing  at 
the  present  time,  live  school  districts  and  several 
joints  districts:  No.  2.'t  on  scctidii  Is.  house  built 


CRYSTAL  LAKE-BIOGRAPHICAL. 


281 


ill  1863 ;  Xo.  24  on  section  16,  liouse  built  in  1867  ; 
No.  2o  on  section  10,  lioiise  built  1872  ;  No.  26  at 
Shingle  creek,  house  built  about  1863;  No.  lis 
on  section  2.  house  built  in  1877.  The  buildings 
with  the  exception  of  that  on  section  18  are  good, 
and  are  all  furnished  with  patent  desks. 

KAILROAD. 

The  IMiuiieapolis  and  North-western  branch  of 
the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  liailway  is 
now  in  process  of  construction.  It  enters  from 
the  south,  near  the  east  corner  of  section  7,  and 
liasses  diagonally  across  the  township,  and  out  on 
the  north  line  of  section  o,  west  of  the  center. 
The  location  of  the  road  is  extremely  unfavor- 
able, and  a  source  of  great  annoyance  to  tlie 
farmers  along  a  portion  of  the  line. 

BIOCiKAPHlCAL. 

Jolin  Berg  was  born  in  Sweden.  .Iul>  KUh, 
1846.  lie  worked  on  a  farm  until  fifteen,  in  a 
flouring  mill  ten  years,  and  at  carpenter  work 
two  years.  He  came  to  America,  arriving  at  Red 
Wing,  Minnesota,  \\\  May,  1868.  when  he  went 
to  brick-making.  In  1871,  he  was  employed  by 
the  Minneapolis  Brick  Company.  In  1872,  he 
was  in  Bismarck,  brick-making.  In  1874-5-6, 
worked  for  Union  Brick  Company,  in  Minneapo- 
lis. In  the  fall  of  1876,  worked  for  H.  C.  Todd, 
ill  "79-80.  was  a  partner  with  .lohnson  Brothers. 
He  married  ^Sliss  Clara  C.  Anderson,  of  Minne- 
apolis, January.  187-5.  They  have  three  children: 
Charles  E..  F.  Alida  and  Oscar  T. 

John  C.  Bohanon  was  born  August  2;-!d,  1817, 
ill  Alexander,  Maine,  where  he  followed  the  lum- 
bering business  until  1851.  when  he  came  to  St. 
Anthony.  March  26th.  1852.  he  moved  to  the 
land  he  now  occupies,  section  4,  and  was  the  sec- 
ond man  who  settled  here.  He  has  been  engaged 
in  farming  and  lumbering  since  he  came  to  Min- 
nesota. Married,  in  1840,  Miss  Liicretia  McKeu- 
zie,  of  Calais,  Maine.  January  11th.  185.S.  his  ■ 
wife  died,  and  was  the  hist  white  adult  l)inied  in 
this  town.  November  10th,  1856,  he  married 
Sophia  H.  Longfellow.  Nine  cliildren  are  living: 
S.  L.,  Charles,  and  II.  Willard.  by  his  Hist  wife; 
John  L.,  Annie  T..  Frederick  N..  James  M., 
Sarah  E.,  and  Ira  E.,  liy  second  marriage. 

11.  II.  Boughton  was  born  August  25tli.  1846,  in 
Lorain  county,  Ohio,  and  moved  with  his  par- 
ents to  Nauvoo,  Illinois ;  from  there  to  Galena. 


and  learned  the  milling  trade  ;  thence  to  Prescott, 
Wisconsin,  where  he  remained  until  1873,  when 
he  went  to  Minneapolis.  He  remained  there  un- 
til 1878,  engaged  in  milling.  He  was  then  em- 
ployed at  the  Crystal  Flour  Mill,  at  Shingle  Creek, 
where  he  has  since  remained.  August  14th,  1872, 
he  married  Miss  Fanisvvorth,  of  River  Falls, 
Wisconsin.  They  have  t\\'o  children  :  Etta  and 
Ella. 

Ci.  W.  Brookins,  a  native  of  Vermont,  was 
born  December  12th,  1827.  He  remained  there 
until  1856,  farming  summers  and  teaching  win- 
ters. He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1856  and  settled 
ill  Wright  county,  engaging  in  farming  and  en- 
gineering. Enlisted  in  the  Third  Minnesota  In- 
fantry, mustered  out  in  1864,  and  served  in  the 
commissary  department  one  year.  In  1865  he 
came  to  Crystal  Lake,  remaining  here  until  1872. 
when  he  went  to  Minneapolis  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness, and  from  that  to  the  well  and  pump  busi- 
ness. In  1880  he  again  moveil  to  Crystal  Lake 
on  his  own  land  in  section  two.  Married  in  1867, 
Miss  Zilpha  A.  Atwood,  of  \'erinont.  They 
have  three  cliildren:  Anna,  Clara  and   Freddie. 

I).  C.  Ciandall  was  born  at  Lake  George,  War- 
ren county,  New  York,  November  22d,  1820, 
where  he  lived  till  manhood,  and  was  occupied  in 
lumbering.  He  moved  to  Minnesota  in  1855,  and 
located  where  he  now  lives,  and  jire-empted  the 
same  in  1861.  Married,  in  1844,  Miss  Julia  My- 
ers, of  Lake  George,  New  York.  Tliey  have 
three  children  living:  .lames,  Eugene  and  Ver- 
iKin. 

Major  J.  II.  Donaldson  was  born  September 
5,  \^'6-i,  in  Muskingum  county,  Ohio,  his  parents 
being  natives  of  Virginia,  who  came  to  Ohio  at 
an  early  day.  In  1856  he  married  Miss  Cochran 
of  the  same  county  and  State,  came  immediately 
to  Minnesota  and  located  a  claim,  near  where  is 
now  the  village  of  Farniiiigtou.tben  a  wilderness. 
He  remained  there  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war.  when  he  entered  the  Fourth  Minnesota 
Infantry,  as  private;  soon  after  received  a  com- 
mission as  Lieutenant,  and  was  sent  at  once  to 
Fort  Ripley,  where  he  held  command  during  the 
winter  of  "61-2.  In  the  spring  of  1862  he  went 
south,  and  joined  the  army  immediately  after  the 
battle  of  Sliiloh.  and  helped  drive  Beauregard"s 
ami)  into  Corinth.  Was  on  the  staff  of  General 
Sanborn,  during,  and  prior  to,  the  siege  of  Vicks- 


282 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPJX  COUNTY 


Iniig.  and  was  pieseiit  at  nearly  all  the  l«ttles  in 
that  vicinity.  He  icoeived  the  comniissions.  of 
First  Lieutenant,  Caiitahi  anil  Major  during  his 
his  service.  On  leaviiig  the  service,  he  returned 
to  his  home,  and  with  tiovernor  Wni.  H.  Mar- 
shall opened  in  Mower  county  one  of  the  largest 
farms  in  the  state,  where  he  remained  for  three 
years.  He  then  removed  to  St.  Paul,  and  opened 
a  Real  Esliite  ollice,  at  the  same  timeconductini; 
his  farm.  In  1S77.  removed  to  Minneapolis 
where  he  deal!  in  real  estate.  In  1880,  purchased 
his  present  resilience  at  Shingle  Creek.  Has  been 
county  ciininiissiouer  of  Uakota  county,  and  Rep- 
resentative nf  the  same.  Is  still  in  Ihe  Real  Estate 
business.  Ollice  in  Pence  Opera  Ilnu.'^e  block. 
Minneapolis. 

Josiah  Dutton  was  born  at  Charlestown,  Xew 
Ham))shire.  September,  1822.  and  three  years 
after  removed  with  his  parents  to  Essex  county, 
and  then  to  Warren  county.  Xew  York.  There 
be  lived  until  ls.").S.  when  he  came  to  Minnesota, 
and  thn-c  nimitlis  after,  iire-enipted  the  land  on 
which  be  now  lives,  containing  12(j  acres,  all  under 
cultivation.  Married  Miss  I).  ('.  Clarlc.  of  \'er- 
monl.  .March  12.  fsl.S.  Tliey  have  bad  four  chil- 
dren, two  now  living:  A.  ('.  and  Jesse  ^'. 

David  Ellsworth  was  born  in  Chenango  county. 
New  York.  July  28.  1820.  In  1880  he  moved  to 
Syracuse,  where  he  learned  the  tanner's  trade, 
following  it  for  some  time.  He  then  embarked 
in  the  mercantile  business,  until  ISfiT.  when  he 
came  to  Minnesota,  and  settled  on  the  land  he 
now  occuj)ies.  October  ".  184.'j.  he  married  Miss 
Caroline  Wales,  who  died  May  22.  I84'.t.  leaving 
two  children.  .Mary  and  Caroline.  The  latter 
died  in  infancy.  His  second  wife  was  Miss  Eu- 
pheinia  Stevens.  Martha  A..  Margaret  1)..  Ame- 
lia E..  Frederick  J.,  (ieorge  W..  David  F.  anil 
Edward  H.,  are  diilihin  li>  mtouiI  marriage. 

Hufus  Farnham  was  born  in  Washington  coun- 
ty. Xew  York.  February  2.  1K22.  and  remained 
there,  following  the  luiubcriiig  business,  until  he 
came  to  SI.  Anthon\.  Minnesota.  October  2.S. 
1K49.  He  followed  liiniberiug  until  ls."):i.  when 
he  located  on  bis  present  farm.  In  February. 
1840.  he  married  Miss  Eliza  J.  (iillespie.  of  Rar- 
ing. Washington  county.  Maine.  They  have  had 
twelve  children,  eight  of  whom  are  living. 

(ieorge  (iiebcnhain  was  born  in  (iermany. 
March  2ii.  18L'7.     lie  lann-   to   .\inciica  in  is.'io  : 


lived  in  Xew  York  state  two  years;  went  to  Illi- 
nois, and  remained  about  three  yeare.  In  ISoo 
he  came  to  Crystal  Lake,  Minnesota,  and  located 
where  he  now  lives.  He  has  270  acres,  130  un- 
der cultivation.  In  18(;4  he  enlisted  in  Co.  F, 
5th  Miini.  \'ol.  Inf..  and  served  till  the  war 
closed.  Ilr  was  in  the  two  days  battle  at  Xash- 
\  illc  :  went  into  it  w  itb  :iOO  men,  and  lost  13o. 
In  is.j.").  he  married  Miss  Margaret  Scholield,  of 
Crystal  Lake.  They  have  had  twelve  children, 
ten  of  whom  are  living ;  Louisa.  All>ert.  Nicholas, 
William.  Charles.  Kathcrine.  Peter.  Edward. 
Frank  and  Eldina. 

I{.  II.  Hasty  was  born  in  York  county,  Maine. 
December  12lh.  1823.  Came  to  ^Minnesota  in 
1849,  and  settled  in  Stillwater,  where  he  followed 
the  lumbering  business  till  June  14th,  1802,  when 
he  enlisted  in  the  Sixth  Minnesota  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, and  was  appointed  Lieutenant  liy  (iov. 
Marshall.  He  crossed  the  plains  with  (ieneral 
Sibley  in  bis  cainjiaigns  against  the  Indians.  On 
retuiiiing.  cliarge  was  given  him  of  the  conva- 
lescent department  at  Fort  Goodhue.  He  was 
apiH>intcd  Drill  Sargent  to  the  dratted  tnen  at 
Fort  Snelling:  was  relieved  July.  18(>4.  and 
joined  his  regiment  at  Helena.  Arkansas.  J5e- 
fore  leaving,  (iov.  ihirsball  ajipointed  him  Lieu- 
tenant. .\t  Helena  he  found  half  of  the  ollicers 
sick,  wliii-.li  obliged  him  to  do  double  duly.  He 
was  taken  with  fever,  obtained  sick  leave,  and 
came  to  Mimiesota.  He  was  honorably  dis- 
charged in  1805,  and  again  engaged  in  the  bnn- 
bering  business,  until  1880.  He  is  now  niainil'ac- 
turing  brick  in  Crystal  I>akc. 

F.  L.  llolway  was  born  No\einbei'  lltli.  Is.'fO. 
at  .Macliias.  Washington  rounty.  Maine.  He  fol- 
lowed fanning  ami  Innibering  till  21  \ears  of 
age.  In  Is-")"  he  went  to  Saint  Paul.  l'oi- a  short 
time,  then  went  to  .\rton.  .Minnesota,  anil  en- 
gaged in  fanning.  In  ls.")0  be  went  to  Saint  An- 
thonx.anil  worked  on  a  conlraii  lor  i-ailroad  ties. 
i  a  few  months;  then  came  to  Crystal  1/ake  to 
wink  on  a  farm  ;  :ifler  which  he  was  employed 
in  various  ways  in  Miimeapolis  iu]ti1  Isos.  when 
he  came  to  his  present  farm  in  Crystal  Lake, 
built  a  bouse,  and  moved  into  it  in  ls71.  .Mr. 
Holwa>  married  Fllen  Sliepaid.  of  Pl\  mouth, 
Minnesota.  'l"wo  children  lia\e  been  born  to 
them.  Howard  and  .Marcia.  In  Isiil  he  enlisted 
in  Conipan)   F.  of  the   I'Jevenlli    .Mimiesota  \'ol- 


CRYSTAL  LAKE— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


283 


unteer  Infantry,  nnder  Captain  Plummer.  a]Kl 
served  till  the  close  of  the  war.  lie  has  held 
several  town  offices. 

Jacob  Kesler  was  born  July  4th,  1M2o.  in  Mer- 
cer county,  Pennsylvania.  In  ls4J  he  went  to 
Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  on  his  arrival  had  but  half  a 
dollar  in  money.  Took  a  trip  to  New  Orleans  in 
the  winter  of  1845.  Settled  for  a  time  in  Kentucky, 
opposite  Cincinnati ;  then  rented  the  Mansion 
House  at  Newport,  Kentucky,  and  boarded  the 
16th  regiment  until  it  left  for  Mexico.  For  three 
years  he  managed  hotels  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  In 
1851.  went  to  Fort  Recovery,  Ohio,  and  engaged 
in  farming  for  three  years.  During  this  time  he 
cleared,  witli  his  own  hands,  sixty-tive  acres. 
Moved  to  Union  ('ity.  Indiana,  in  1854.  and  went 
into  the  grocery  business ;  also  dealt  largely  in 
grain.  In  1863  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  set- 
tled in  Brooklyn,  and  opened  a  farm  of  700  acres, 
where  he  remained  nine  years  :  then  removed  to 
Minneapolis,  and  engaged  in  the  real  estate  busi- 
ness. In  1876  he  built  his  present  elegant  home, 
and  removed  to  it.  He  was  married  to  Miss 
Orinda  Xichols,  of  Campbell  comity.  Kentucky. 
October  :i7th,  1846.  They  have  had  two  children, 
only  one  is  living.  In  the  winter  of  1868-9,  he 
opened  the  lirst  regular  pork-packing  house  in 
Minneapolis. 

Philip  Kuch,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
in  1831.  Came  to  America  in  18.50.  and  located  in 
Erie  county,  Pennsylvania.  Followed  the  butcher 
business  until  1855.  when  he  went  to  St.  Anthony. 
and  remained  four  years:  then  moved  to  a  farm 
near  Medicine  Lake.  In  1861  he  returned  to  the 
city,  and  in  1864  started  for  Idaho  with  a  number 
of  men,  under  Capt.  I<"isk.  of  St.  Paul.  When 
near  the  foot  of  the  Black  Hills  tliey  were  at- 
tacked liy  Indians,  ami  were  surrounded  by  them 
for  twenty  days,  when  help  came  from  General 
Sully,  at  Fort  Rice.  Thirteen  were  killed ;  the 
rest  returned  to  the  Fort.  He  returned  home 
and  bought  bis  present  homestead  in  1865.  He 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Schafer,  in  1856.  They 
have  seven  children  :  Lizzie,  Ileury.  Katherine, 
Leopold,  Susan,  Marie,  and  Gracie. 

W.  (J.  McKnigllt  was  born  in  Nashville,  Tenn.. 
•January  27,  1858.  Moved  to  Christian  county, 
Missouri,  where  he  lived  initil  1S73,  when  he 
went  to  Indiana.  In  1875  he  went  to  Yankton. 
Dakota,  and  opened  a  boarding  house ;  then  went 


to  the  Black  Hills  and  remained  until  1879.  when 
he  came  to  Crystal  Lake,  and  has  since  Ijeen  a 
stock  dealer  here. 

W.  R.  Medcalf,  born  in  Licking  county,  Ohio, 
in  1842.  In  1852  he  moved  to  Crawford  county, 
Illinois,  and  remained  till  1866,  when  he  came  to 
Crystal  Lake  where  he  now  lives,  and  is  exten- 
sively engaged  in  fancy  gardening  and  the  culti- 
vation of  choice  fruits.  On  the  25th,  of  January 
1866,  he  was  married  to  Miss  A.  II.  Carr.  Their 
children  are  Ulysses  Grant.  Cora  A.  and  Eflie  A. 

Francis  Morrison  was  liorn  in  Windsor,  Ver- 
mont, in  1818.  At  thirteen  years  of  age  he  re- 
moved to  Stowe.  where  lie  continued  for  some 
time.  In  1847  heommencedworkonthe  Vermont 
Central  Railroad  and  worked  four  years.  InlS51  he 
went  to  Indiana  and  took  a  contract  on  NewOgden 
and  Michigan  City  Railroad.  In  18.52  came  to  St. 
Anthony,  and  at  once  located  153  acres  in  what  is 
now  Demmon  &  Morrison's  addition,  and  paid  the 
first  money  into  the  Government  Land  C)fflce  at 
Minneapolis.  He  has  been  extensively  engaged  in 
lumbering,  in  the  mean  time  building  a  mill  at 
Clearwater.  In  1854  he  was  President  and  Su- 
perintendent of  the  Mississippi  ]5ridge  Company, 
and  had  charge  of  buihling  the  tirst  suspension 
bridge  across  the  river:  he  and  JMr.  Griffiths  the 
engineer,  were  the  first  to  cross  it  in  a  carriage. 
Mr.  Morrison  was  also  superintendent  of  the  ma- 
sonry for  the  new  bridge.  Since  coming  here  he 
has  been  largely  identiliecl  with  the  building  up 
of  the  city. 

S.  D.Morrison  was  born  December  8()th.  1882,  in 
Washington  county,  Maine.-  He  lived  there  till 
1856.  then  came  to  Minneapolis  and  followed  the 
carpenters  trade  untill  187U,  when  he  moved  to 
Crystal  Lake:  tlien  two  years  later  returned  to 
Minneapolis.  In  1874  he  moved  again  to  Crystal 
Lake  and  followed  dairying  two  years.  Since 
then  he  has  been  manufacturing  brick  in  the  larg- 
est establishment  in  this  county,  and  is  one  of  the 
leading  citizens  of  the  town. 

H.  Oswald  was  born  in  Switzerland,  March 
17th,  1832.  Came  to  .Vineiicain  1854 and  settled 
in  West  Virginia.  In  1.S55  be  moved  to  Illinois, 
and  the  following  ^larcli  came  to  ^Minneapolis 
and  embarked  in  mercantile  business,  following 
it  until  1S58.  when  he  was  appointed  toll-keeper 
at  the  upper  liridge.  holding  the  position  until 
1862;  he  again  entered  mercantile  life  and  fol- 


264 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COVNTT. 


lowed  it  until  1872,  when  he  bought  the  mills 
in  Crystal  Lake  which  he  has  conducted  since, 
lie  was  twice  elected  alderman  in  Miinieapolis. 

AV.  P.  Peterson  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  1842. 
He  attended  school  until  fifteen  years  of  age, 
then  learned  tlic  trade  of  carpenter  and  joiner, 
and  emigrated  to  America  in  1804.  settling  in 
Carver,  Minnesota,  where  lie  stayed  one  year.  He 
then  removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  conunenced 
tlie  manufacture  of  brick  on  the  Clianiiilin  Uoad, 
three  miles  north  of  Minneapolis,  lie  is  now 
doing  a  large  business  tliere.  under  the  tirni  name 
of  Peterson  iV:  Uenson. 

P.  W.  Heidhead.  a  native  of  Elaine,  was  born 
in  Hancock  county,  October  26th.  1844.  He 
lived  there  until  1860  when  he  came  to  Minneap- 
olis; remained  four  years  and  then  returned  to 
Maine.  In  isiiii  he  came  bai-k  to  Minnesota  and 
settled  nil  the  farm  owned  liy  his  father  in  Crys- 
tal Lake.  He  married,  in  isii.').  Miss  A.  ^I.  Kin- 
caid.  They  have  had  four  children.  Mr.  Heid- 
head's  father  i-aiiic  to  tliis  coiintv  aliout  1S40 
and  remained  until  Ins  dcatli. 

.\.  1).  .Shoop  was  born  in  Daiipliiu  county. 
Pennsylvania.  November  loth.  1887.  He  started 
in  life  for  liimself  in  lK.)i».  near  the  old  home- 
stead, wlieie  lie  farmed  until  Isii').  when  became 
to  Minnesota  and  rented  several  farms.  He  is 
now  living  on  the  farm  owned  by  J.  K.  and  II. 
a.  Sidle,  in  Crystal  Lake.  On  September  22d, 
lMo6.  he  married  Miss  Kmeline  Hoke.  Their 
four  children  are  William.  James.  Charles  and 
Mary. 

Peter  Schuller.  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
.\ugust.  1H2S.  Came  to  America  in  I8.")2.  and 
worked  in  St.  Louis  as  stone  mason  until  IK.5.5, 
when  lie  came  to  St.  Haul.  In  1k.')7  lie  made  his 
pre-emption  ol  lno  acres  in  Ciystal  Lake.  He 
takes  a  great  interest  in  fruit  growing,  has  now 
tliree  acres  of  orchai'd.  He  has  held  every  odice 
in  town  but  clerk,  lias  also  been  county  coroner. 
Married,  in  is.'jii.  .Miss  Mary  (iellner.  They  have 
ten  children  living  :  Barnard.  Susan.  Li/./.le.  Peter. 
Charles.  Margaret.  Mar> .  .bilni.  Ilulieit  and 
Mathias. 

.1.  P.  Slimiiwa>  was  born  in  Wiiidliaiii  coiiiitx. 
Connecticut,  .lune  ]KM).  lie  remained  there,  eii- 
gageil  in  farming,  until  IH.j.").  wlien  he  came  to 
.Minnesota  and  located  a  claim  near  Crow  Kiver. 
Ill    ls"iC,   lie   lioii^rht  the  land   «here   lie  has  since 


lived.  In  the  fall  of  1864  he  enlisted  in  the 
Eleventh  Minnesota  Infantry,  and  served  until 
the  close  of  the  war.  ^Ir.  Shumway  has  been 
Treasurer  of  Crystal  Lake  for  the  past  three 
years.  In  18o9  he  married  Louisa  A.  Russ,  of 
Chaplin.  Connecticut.  Tt>  them  have  been  born 
two  cliildren. 

Leonard  Wagner  was  born  in  Prussia  in  1822. 
In  1848  lie  emigrated  to  America,  came  to  Wis- 
consin and  worked  in  a  saw  mill.  In  1852 
removed  to  St.  Anthony,  remained  there  one 
year,  then  went  to  Crystal  I..ake.  Mrs.  Wagner 
wii.i  the  first  white  woman  in  that  vicinity.  In 
18.J2  Mr.  Wagner  was  married  to  Margaret  Bauen- 
feind.  They  have  eight  children  :  Maggie.  Eliza- 
beth. Ileinrich.  Eldena,  Eleanora.  George,  Edwin 
and  Adelia. 

Charles  Witt,  a  native  of  (Teriuan>,  was  born 
in  1.S27.  He  came  to  .Vmerica  in  18.52.  settled  in 
Cleveland.  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  the  meat  busi- 
ness. In  18.54  he  went  to  Superior  City,  and 
thence  to  Duliith  :  which  at  that  time  had  but 
two  houses.  In  ls.")(i  he  went  to  Ontonagon. 
Michigan,  tlii'ii  came  to  Miiiiieaiiolis  in  1867.  and 
opened  the  "Lake  Superior  Market."'  and  operated 
it  until  lS7ii.  when  he  started  his  large  stock 
yard  and  slaughter  liniise.  ciuiier  Second  street 
and  Twenty-.Sixth  Avenue  north. 

Anton  Wolf,  a  native  of  I'russia.  was  born  in 
18311.  He  came  to  .\iiieiica  in  isiil,  and  in  com- 
pany with  otlieis  went  to  (ieorgetown.  on  the 
Red  Hiver  :  remained  there  three  months,  then 
went  to  St.  Cloud.  Minnesota,  thence  to  St.  Paul, 
where  he  remained  about  three  years,  then  went 
to  Medina,  where  lie  luairied  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Menrer  llilger.  Idi  a  lime  he  was  at  .Minnea- 
polis working  ill  a  liiiiibei  yard  :  he  also  kept  the 
'•Hariuoiiia  lloiise"aiid  tlie "  Washington  Mouse." 
In  IS7.")  he  came  to  Crystal  Lake  and  erected  the 
hotel  of  which  he  is  now  proprietor.  lie  has 
one  cliild.  .losepli. 

William  /iibes  was  born  in  (iermany.  March 
24.  Is:i6.  Came  to  .\meriea  in  Is.'jS  and  to  SI. 
.Vntliony.  lie  bought  the  farm  where  he  now 
lives:  it  is  beautifully  locate(l  on  Twin  Lakes.  In 
isiil  lieenlistecl  in  company  K.  Kleventh  Minne- 
sota Infanlix  \'oliiiileei.s.  and  served  till  the  (dose 
of  the  war.  In  isoii  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Kate  Staffes.  Their  childien  are  Kauiiic  ami 
Julia. 


BROOKLYN— EARLY  SETTLEMENT. 


285 


BROOKLYN. 


CHAPTER    XLA\ 

OEXEKAL  DESCRIPTION — EARLY  SETTLEMENT— 
POLITICAL  RECORD— CHURCHES-SCHOOLS— 
lilOGRAPHICAL. 

Brooklyn  is  situated  in  the  nortli-eastern  part 
of  tlie  county,  on  the  ^Mississippi  river.  The  ori- 
ginal boundaries  of  the  town  were  established 
April  10th,  18-58,  and  embraced,  in  addition  to 
township  119,  range  i\,  the  two  northern  tiers  of 
sections  in  lis,  21,  which  now  form  a  part  of 
Crystal  Lake.  At  a  session  of  the  board  of  county 
commissioners,  July  8th,  1858,  the  boundaries 
were  changed  to  the  present  limits,  by  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  town  of  Farmersville.  This  took 
off  the  two  southern  tiers  of  sections.  At  a  sub- 
sequent meeting  of  the  board,  the  action  with 
regard  to  the  formation  of  Farmersville,  was  re- 
considered, and  the  boundary  of  Brooklyn  was 
left  as  originally  estaljlislied  until  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  town  of  Crystal  Lake. 

The  surface  is  very  level  and  conseiiuently 
nearly  destitute  of  lakes,  to  which  the  other  towns 
of  the  county  owe  much  of  their  beauty.  The 
few  that  exist  are  shallow,  with  low,  marshy 
shores.  Palmer  Lake,  in  section  20,  through 
which  Shingle  Creek  flows,  is  the  largest.  A  va- 
riation from  the  uniform  level  occurs  in  the  south- 
west, where  a  small  corner  reaches  on  the  rolling 
clay  beyond  the  sandy  belt,  in  which  the  rest  of 
the  township  lies.  The  extensive  marshes  yield 
abundance  of  good  wild  hay,  most  of  which  can  be 
cut  by  machines.  The  prairie  land  is  divided  in 
four  distinct  praires,  known  as  Bottineau,  Long, 
Jenkins  and  Getchell  prairies.  The  first,  named 
from  Pierre  Bottineau,  an  early  settler,  is  about 
a  mile  in  width  and  three  in  length.  Long,  took 
its  name  from  its  shape  and  is  four  miles  in 
length  by  one  and  a  half  in  width.  The  two  last. 
bear  the  names  of  early  settlers.    Jenkins  is  one 


and  a  half  and  Getchell.  one  mile  in  width.  The 
timber  is  small,  though  a  little  of  larger  growth  is 
found  in  the  north-east  near  the  river,  and  in 
the  south-west  on  the  clay.  The  bluifs  along  the 
river  are  low  and  sandy.  The  Mississippi  is  navi- 
gable here  and  small  steamers  ply  up  and  down. 
Shingle  Creek  flows  across  the  township  from 
west  to  east. 

EARLY   SETTLEMENT. 

In  the  spring  of  1852,  Washington  Getchell, 
his  son  Winslow,  Amos  Berry,  and  Jacob  Long- 
fellow, made  claims  at  the  same  time  on  what  is 
now  called  Getchell  Prairie,  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  township.  Winslow  Getchell  remained 
but  a  few  montlis,  and  returned  to  St.  Anthony. 
On  the  tirst  day  of  July,  Joseph  Potvin,  P,  Bot- 
tineau, Peter  Eaiclie,  and  Peter  Garvais  made 
claims  on  Bottineau  Prairie,  and  camped  on  their 
claims  the  tirst  niglit.  Ezra  Ilanscom,  who  came 
to  St.  Anthony,  from  Maine,  in  1850,  took  a  claim 
near  the  Getchells,  July  2d,  1852;  began  his  house 
in  April,  and  completed  it  in  July,  185.3,  With 
Ezra  Hanscom  came  his  two  brothers-in-law, 
N.  S.  Grover  and  John  W,  Brown,  who  took 
claims,  but  abandoned  them.  These  were,  with- 
out doulit.  the  first  actual  settlers  in  the  township. 
In  the  spring  of  1853.  no  improvements  had  been 
made,  and  all  was  wild.  Indian  trails  supplied 
the  place  of  roads,  and  the  red  men  were  found 
in  great  numbers.  The  Chippewas  were  the  more 
numerous,  and  the  tribes  were  contmually  at  war 
with  each  other.  They  were  not,  however,  hos- 
tile to  the  whites,  and  only  caused  annoyance  by 
pilfering,  and  frightening  women  and  children. 

In  the  fall  of  1853,  Allen  B.  Chaffee  and  a  colo- 
ny of  fourteen  families  came  from  Adrian,  Mich- 
gan,  and  that  vicinity.  In  the  spring  following, 
some  returned  and  brought  out  additional  set- 
tlers to  the  colony. 

The  following  were  of  the  Adrian  colony: 
II,   II.  Smith,  Thomas  Keeley,  D.  B.   Thayer, 


286 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Otis  II.  Brown.  Seneca  U..  Jeremiali.  John  and 
Job  BiDWii.  Ilonier.  lUiwell  and  Stephen  Roberts 
and  another  brotlier.  Stephen  Caner.  and  John 
("lark,  wlio  all  settled  within  a  radius  of  three  or 
fonrniiles  of  Osseo.  .\t  tlic  time  of  settlement 
the  land  was  not  surveyed,  and  when  afterward, 
in  I800,  the  survey  was  made,  part  Inund  them- 
selves in  IJrooklMi  and  jiart  in  .Maple  Grove. 
Most  of  the  meniliers  of  this  colony  are  still  liv- 
ing in  town.  John  Fogerson,  father  of  Allen 
Fogerson,  Job  Brown  and  others,  drove  a  team 
and  stock  through  for  Cliaffee  and  Smith.  They 
were  si.\  or  seven  weeks  on  the  road,  while  those 
who  came  without  delay,  consumed  about  two 
weeks  in  the  journey.  Their  route  was  by  rail- 
road to  Hock  Island,  and  thence  by  boat  to  St. 
Paul.  At  Miiaiea|>olis  tliey  crossed  the  river  by 
ferry,  and  found  the  lirsl  store  on  the  west  side 
just  building,  on  ilie  corner  of  First  Street  and 
Bridge  S(puire.  but  could  not  buy  a  pound  of  nails 
or  sugar  on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  On 
reaching  their  claims.  Smith.  Keeleyand  Thayer 
built,  at  lir.st.  a  shanty  in  company,  the  roof  of 
which  was  so  poor  that  tin-pans  were  used  to 
calcli  the  water  as  it  came  through  from  the  rain. 
Soon,  liowever,  each  had  his  own  house,  more 
thoroughly  built.  Mr.  Tliayer  died  three  veiirs 
since.  Mr.Smith  now  lives  in  Miiuieapolis.  where 
he  practices  as  a  magnetic  physician.  Daniel 
Chase  and  .Mnuzo  Ihagdon  reached  Long  Prairie 
about  a  week  sooner  than  tlie  Adrian  settlers. 
A.  II.  Benson  liouglil  an<l  improved  a  claim  in 
1854,  and  moved  on  it  in  IsV).  Jonathan  Estes, 
J.  M.  Durnam.  X.  Crooker,  L.  K.  Palmer  and  J. 
1".  I'himnier.  settled  here  in  18o3-'o4.  The  lirst 
settlei-s  on  Long  Prairie  weie  Hiram  Smilli.  Jdli 
KeniU'stoii.  Charles  Miles.  James  II.  W.  liroun, 
Stei)hen  Howe,  William  Cate  and  J.  !>.  Ilirvey. 
Of  the  lirst  settlers  on  (ietchell  Piairie.  W'asli- 
ington  (ietchell  and  his  son.  \Vinslow.  are  now 
in  California,  .lacoli  Lciuglcllnu  has  always  re- 
mained ill  the  town,  and  .\lnos  lierry  lives  in 
Califiiinia.  F,/.ra  Hanscom  still  lives  011  his oriL;- 
iiial  claim. 

Of  the  early  settlers  on  Long  Prairie.  .Mr.  .Mil- 
ler is  now  in  Anoka  county,  Job  Keiini'ston.  in 
Todd  county,  and  Charles  .Miles  in  .Miuiieai>olis. 
Brown  enlisted  in  the  First  Minnesota  Infantry. 
and  was  several  times  woundeil.  He  had  both 
legs  and    one  arm   broken   in   dillerent  engage- 


ments.   He  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  in 

front  of  Petersburg,  and  exchanged  after  three 

■  months.     He   then    went   to  England  to  obtain 

I  property,  to  which  he  had  become  an  heir,  but 

!   found  on  arrival  that  it  had  reverted  to  the  crown, 

in  default  of  a  claimant   within  the  prescribed 

time.     He  returned  to  .\merica.  took  a  claim  at 

Holmes  City,  and  died  iliere  twelve  years  since. 

Steyhen   Howe   lives   in    .Viioka   city.     "William 

Cate  lives  in  Iowa,  and  Hervey  went   liack  to 

Massachusetts  six  years  ago. 

The  grasshopper  scom-ge,  from  which  many 
of  the  towns  suffered,  was  felt  in  a  slight  degree 
by  this  town.  In  lSo7  a  narrow  strip  of  country 
from  the  Xorthwest  part  of  the  town,  extending  as 
far  as  Ezra  Ilanscom's,  near  the  center,  was  devas- 
tated Ijy  grasshoiijiers.  .Vt  this  point  their  de- 
struction ceased  abruptly,  and  their  sudden  lliglit 
would  be  regaidcd  reiuarkable.  had  similar  ca- 
jirices  never  been  reported  elseuliere. 

I'OIJIICAI.     IIICCOl!]). 

The  tii'sl  town  meeliug  was  held  at  the  house 
of  Ezra  Hanscom.  Ma\  1  Itli.  ISos.  .U  this  meet- 
ing, one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  votes  were 
east,  resultiuf^  in  the  election  of  Suiiervisors.  K. 
T.  Ailing,  chairman.  Wjlliani  Slinclilield  ami  .1. 
P.  Plummer  :  Clerk,  L.  T.  15.  .Vndrews :  Asses- 
sor. Ezra  Hanscom:  Collector,  James  McKay: 
Overseer  of  Poor,  James  Xorris ;  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  H.  II.  Suiilli.  and  \.  H.  Benson  :  Consta- 
bles. J.  M.  Durnam  and  W.  I),  (ietchell.  The  olh- 
cers  of  the  town  for  isso,  were.  Supervisors,  Levi 
L.  (ietchell.  chairman.  Ole  Ilalverson  and  T.  B. 
Doten :  Clerk.  K.  li.  Xorris;  .Vssessor.  Ezra 
Hanscom:  Treasurer.  \Villiain  Stinchlield  ;  Jus- 
tice of  the  I'eai-c.  ]■'..  It.  Xorris:  Constables, 
William  .\.  Ilciwcancl  Warren  Fli'tcher. 

The  settlement  of  this  town  went  on  ia)iidly 
from  ]x'i'^.  Within  two  \cais  the  town  was  well 
sotlled.  In  ls."il.  nearly  all  the  land  had  lieen 
taken.  "'  ( 'laim  jumping  "  was  coininim.  ami  led 
to  stirring  times  and  some  excitement. 

The  following  statistii's  will  show  the  present 
status  and  growth  of  the  town.  The  number  cd' 
acres  of  land,  according  to  the  ri'port  of  IHKO,  is 
20.111.  Tlie  assessed  valuation  of  real  estate, 
exclusive  of  town  lots,  for  istii),  was  S112.:l4i): 
for  1K7-J,  lSii8,32():  for  l«8t),$34(),7l") :  of  personal 
property    for   IHilli.   §41.')i!():  for    1H7o.   $o2,4il7 : 


BROOKLYN— CmjRCHES~S0GIETIE8— SCHOOLS. 


287 


for  1880,  S53.738.  Total  amount  of  taxes  for 
1869,  $4,111;  for  1875,  S4,592 ;  for  1880,  53,764. 
Horses  over  two  years  old,  in  1869,  343  ;  in  1875, 
446  ;  in  1880,  463.  Cattle  over  two  years  old,  in 
1869,  559;  in  1875.  703  ;  in  1880,  459.  Sheej),  in 
1869,351:  in  ls75,  ;i79  ;  in  1880,  3126.  Hogs,  in 
1869,  127;  in  1.S75,  160;  in  1880,  198.  Wheat, 
in  1869,  14,714  Ijushels ;  in  1875,  24,640  bushels; 
in  1880,  3,466  acres. 

Tlie  impnlation,  from  the  census  of  1880,  is 
1,060. 

cnnicnEs. 

Two  organizations.  ''The  Methodist  Episco- 
pal" and  "Baptist"  are  sustained.  "The  Metho- 
dist" cluirch,  began  l)y  the  formation  of  a  class, 
in  tlie  Spring  of  1855.  Rev.  J.  B.  Mills  was  the 
first  pastor.  Rev.  IJavid  Brown  was  the  Presiding 
Elder.  The  class  consisted  of  eight  members, 
and  the  leader  was  Itev.  J.  \V.  Dow,  who  was 
soon  followed  by  A.  H.  Benson.  The  first  preach- 
ing in  town  was  at  the  residences  of  members, 
sometimes  at  Mr.  Dow's  and  sometimes  at  J.  P. 
Plummer's.  Mr.  Dow  lived  in  a  log  shanty  and 
Mr.  Plummer  in  a  cabin,  12x16  feet.  The  class 
gradually  increased,  and  from  it  tlnee  other  class- 
es were  formed.  The  clnnvh  at  the  corners  was 
built,  and  dedicated  September  26th,  1866,  wliile 
Rev.  J.  D.  Rich  was  pastor.  Tlie  church  is  of 
wood,  23x40  feet.  The  dedicatory  services  were 
conducted  by  Presiding  Elder  J.  F.  Chaffee.  A 
parsonage  was  built  the  following  year.  The 
present  membership  is  fifty-four.  The  pastor  for 
1880-1,  is  Rev.  J.  G.  Teter.  He  also  has  charge 
of  the  church  at  Shingle  Creek,  preaching  Sun- 
day morning  at  Brooklyn  and  in  the  evening  at 
Shingle  Creek.  Sabbath  school  is  held  every 
Sunday,  with  an  attendance  of  about  sixty  schol- 
ars. 

The  Brooklyn  Centre  Baptist  church  was  built 
in  186S,  and  dedicated  in  Sejitemberof  that  year. 
It  cost  82,200  and  the  parsonage,  since  built, 
about  $700.  The  size  of  the  church  is  25x38 
feet,  with  a  vestibule  six  feet  square.  Rev.  L. 
C.  Hall  is  now  pastor  and  tlie  church  numbers 
twenty-five  members. 

Mound  Cemetery  was  estal)lished,  aljout  1860, 
by  an  association  duly  organized  as  the  "  Mound 
Cemetery  Association."  Lots  are  sold  to  all 
applicants,  irrespective  of  denomination.  It  was 
named  from  an  Indian  mound  in  the  vicinity. 


An  examination  of  the  mound  revealed  bones, 
pottery ,arrow-heads, tomahawks,  etc.  The  mound 
is  about  two  rods  in  diameter  at  the  base,  ten  feet 
high,  and  is  circular  in  form. 

SOCIETIES. 

I.  ().  of  (t.  T.  The  first  attempt  to  organize  a 
(iood  Temiilars  Lodge  was  sixteen  or  seventeen 
years  ago,  but  it  continued  only  three  or  four 
years.  A  new  organization  took  place  December 
19th.  1874,with  about  tliirty  charter  members,  and 
officers  as  follow  :  11.  (i.  Abbott,  W.  C.  T.;  Miss 
Lillie  Williams,  W.  \.  T.;  Robert  W.  Norris, 
L.  I).  Meetings  were  first  held  in  the  Grange 
Hall,  and  continued  to  be  held  until  about  a  year 
ago,  since  whicli  time  meetings  have  been  held 
over  the  post-oftice.  The  lodge  at  present,  num- 
bers aljout  ninety  memlters,  with  officers :  i'red 
A.  Hanscom,  W.  C.  T.;  Miss  Maggie  Monser,  W. 
Y.  T.;  Fred  Libby,  L.  I). 

Patrons  of  Husbandry.  Bohanon  Grange  Xo. 
445.  This  society  has  a  hall  located  at  Brooklyn 
Centre.  It  has  received  some  additions  since  it 
was  first  built,  and  is  at  present  22x42  feet,  one 
story.  Tlie  society  was  organized  February  25, 
1875,  with  about  twenty  charter  members,  which 
luunlier  increased  to  seventy-five  in  tw'o  or  tliree 
weeks.  The  membership  at  present,  is  aljout 
twenty-five,  with  N.  G.  Abbott.  W.  M. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  first  school  was  held  in  1854,  and,  therefore, 
before  the  town  organization,  which  took  place 
four  years  later.  It  was  kept  on  Long  prairie  in 
a  l)oard  shanty,  with  a  board  roof  and  two  half- 
windows.  Ten  pupils  attended.  The  teacher  was 
Miss  Augusta  McLaughlin,  who  came  from  Port- 
land. Maine,  on  account  of  consumptive  tenden- 
cies, hoping  here  to  recover  her  health.  She  died, 
however,  in  the  spring  following.  The  next 
teacher  was  Miss  Amelia  Griggs,  in  1855.  The 
settlement  in  the  mean  time  grew,  the  shanty  was 
discarded  and  a  substantial  school-house  built.  • 
The  shanty  was  built  by  contribution  and  the  ef- 
fort for  the  new  house  was  Ijegun  in  tlie  same 
manner,  but  the  organization  of  a  school  district, 
the  bounds  of  which  are  iineertam,  enabled  the 
movers  to  complete  it  by  direct  tax. 

During  the  fall  of  1854,  a  school  was  held  on 
Getchell  Prairie,  taught  by  Miss  Mary  Huff, 
afterward  Mrs.  Joel  F.  Howe,  now  residing  in 


288 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


MiiiiieaiHilis.  This  scliool  was  taught  in  a  tem- 
jjoraiy  Imililiiig  (Ui  section  2.S.  In  1859  a  school- 
house  was  built  on  tlie  present  site,  section  27: 
sold  in  1S7L'  ami  a  inoie  commodious  building 
erected. 

The  liisl  school-liouse  in  the  township  was 
built  on  section  18,  near  Osseo.  in  wluit  was 
known  as  the  Smitli  district,  in  the  summer  of 
18.55.  Miss  Svlvia  Kowe  was  teacher.  She  was 
succeeded  by  II.  II.  Smilli,  who  taught  several  suc- 
cessive terms,  of  three  months  in  winter  and 
tlireein  sunnner.     This  house  wasliurned  in  1804. 

In  tlie  summer  of  18.5.").  a  school  was  opened  in 
the  south-west  part  of  the  townshiii.  by  the  wife 
of  Rev.  Partridge.  She  was  unal)le  to  liuisli  it, 
on  account  of  sickness,  and  the  term  was  com- 
pleted liy  Mary  Smith.  The  liuilding  where  the 
scliool  was  held,  was  a  shed,  covered  with  straw. 
with  ground  lloor  and  stalls  for  horses.  Mr.  Par- 
tri<lge  removed  the  stalls,  and  laid  a  rough  hoard 
llooi'.  hid  the  straw  roof  remained.  All  the  early 
schools  were  hclil  in  liuildings  of  nearly  as  rude 
a  character  as  llial  above  described.  The  first 
school  in  the  south-east  part  of  the  town,  was 
held  ill  the  winter  of  18.5.5-6,  at  the  house  of  Mr. 
.J.  Heidhead.  This  wasalso  taught  by  Miss  Mary 
Hull.  Schools  were  held  at  various  private 
liouses  in  the  district  until  18.511.  when  the  lirst 
school  house  was  built.  The  iireseiit  building  is 
a  fine  structure,  and  a  model  country  school- 
house.  11  is  situatecl  on  section  l!.5,  and  belongs 
to  district  lili.  Seven  school  houses  are  located 
in  the  townsjiip  ;  No.  2",  a  joint  district,  located 
on  section  32;  No.  28,.  entire  district,  house 
built  in  1K72,  im  section  28;  District  No.  29, 
house  built  in  1872,  on  secticm  2.5 ;  District  No. 
30,  built  ill  1H73.  on  .section  11  ;  No.  31,  located 
onsectiiiii  9.  huill  iu  18.58,  since  remodeled.  No. 
32.  located  on  section  17.  biiill  in  1S7.S.  Xo.  33, 
a  joint  district,  house  on  section  li.  built  in  ISSO. 
Thereare.  in  aildilimi  In  Ihnsc  iiaiiied.  llirce  joint 
flislricts.  with  school-houses  Ideated  in  nlher 
towns. 

.MILLS.    STOHKS.    IIOTKLS,    KiV. 

In  lK.5ii  or  "lio.  a  saw  mill  was  built  at  the  Mis- 
sissipjii  river,  on  seclioii  3i>,  by  a  com))any  called 
"The  Industrial  .Mill  Company."  of  which  .1.  ('. 
I'ost  was  manager,  and  a  town  platted,  called 
Industriana.  The  mill  did  not  prove  profitable, 
and  the  ulinle  cuterpriHe  met  a  tragic  end  by  the 


explosion  of  the  mill,  about  two  years  after  it 
was  built,  crippling  the  engineer  for  life  and 
throwing  the  boiler  about  eighty  rods.  Thus 
ended  the  "Industrial  Mill  Company"  and '•In- 
dustriana,"' A  similar  experience  was  had  on 
sections  11  and  12.  where  a  mill  was  built  in 
18.5()-7,  and  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  platted 
in  town  lots  and  called  "  Ilarrisbing."  ^V  hotel, 
several  dwellings  and  one  or  two  stores  were 
built.  The  wluile  was  short  lived.  The  mill  was 
torn  down,  a  few  years  after,  one  house  burned, 
and  the  remainder  removed,  so  that  no  trace  of 
the  village  now  remains.  .\  porlinn.  however, 
has  not  lieeii  vacated,  and  is  still  assessed  in  blocks 
and  lots.  The  plow  runs  over  a  portion  and  the 
rest  is  grown  up  to  linish. 

At  Urooklyn  Centre,  a  small  store  and  post- 
office  is  united,  under  C.  R.  Howe,  who  has  been 
postmaster  since  the  office  was  established,  in 
1873.  It  is  on  the  Minneapolis  and  Monticello 
route  and  has  a  tri-weekly  mail.  The  tirst  jiost- 
oflice  was  on  the  river  road,  established  about 
fifteen  years  ago.  Imt  was  discontinued  about  the 
time  of  the  establishment  of  the  post-oflice  at  the 
centre.  Cyrus  llilhiiaii  was  postmaster  and  tlie 
route  was  siiecial,  witli  a  weekly  mail.  The 
town  hall,  completed,  in  ls74.  is  situated  iiearl> 
iu  the  ceutei-  of  the  town  :  its  size  is  2<)x3()    feet. 

K.VILHO.VD. 

The  Minneapolis  &  North-western  luaiicli  of 
the  St.  I'aiil.  .Miniicapiilis  \  Mauilnba  railway, 
passes  through  a  jiortion  of  the  town.  It  enters 
on  the  south  line  of  section  32.  thence  in  a  direct 
line  to  the  village  of  Osseo.  on  se<'tion  is.  where 
it  leaves  the  townshiii. 

r.iiii;uAciiic  \i,. 

.lames  .\iclier.  bmn  in  Washington  county. 
New  York,  in  1«22.  He  lived  there  fourteen 
years;  then  moved  to  Lake  county.  Illinois,  and 
engaged  in  ranuiug  until  ls"il:  then  li<'  went  to 
Dakota  county.  .Minnesota,  and  remained  until 
1KI>.5,  when  he  went  to  Minneapolis,  and  started 
in  the  livers  business,  which  he  followed  for  seven 
years.  lb'  llieii  moved  to  Nnrthlield.  and  built 
the  .\l'chei  Ilou>e.  Ill  IsTs  he  reliiriied  tn  .Miii- 
iiea|iolis.  and  in  Issil  bought,  and  moved  to  his 
liresenl  location.  Married  to  second  wife.  Sarah 
I).  Monser,  in  1873.    Tlie\   lia\c  tlncc  iliildien. 

I.,evi  Hrigham.  boi  11   in  Caiiaila   Kast.  January 


BBOOKL  YN— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


289 


IStli,  1820.  At  nine  years  of  age  he  moved  to 
]5uiiington,  A'enuont.  Kemaine<l  thereabout  six 
years;  then  went  to  Worfester.  ilassachusetts, 
and  lived  until  ISoo.  when  he  came  to  Minnesota, 
and  took  a  claim  in  Hennepin  county.  This  he 
sold,  and  bought  140  acres  two  miles  north  of 
Osseo.  Married,  in  1843,  to  Miss  J*Iary  Cadora, 
of  Massachusetts.  They  are  the  parents  of  four 
children. 

Otis  11.  Brown  was  horn  in  Hampshire  county, 
Massachusetts,  in  1811.  He  lived  there  nine  years; 
then  moved  to  Niagara  county,  Xew  York.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen,  he  went  to  Pennsylvania, 
and  engaged  on  tlie  Pennsylvania  ('anal  for  six- 
teen years,  when  for  a  time  he  ran  steamboats  on 
the  Ohio  Kiver.  In  18o4  he  came  to  Henneinn 
county,  took  a  claim  near  Osseo,  sold  it,  and  now 
owns  a  small  place  near  the  village.  He  settled 
here  before  the  government  survey,  and  was 
chairman  of  the  Board  that  named  ^laple  Grove. 

Thaddeus  C.  Capron  was  born  in  Bristol  coun- 
ty, ^Massachusetts,  in  1S21.  He  lived  there  until 
1850 ;  moved  to  Waterbury,  Connecticut.  In 
the  spring  of  is.'54  he  came  to  Hennepin  county, 
and  settled  in  Minneapolis.  In  1874.  bouglit  the 
farm  on  wliicli  lie  now  lives.  Married,  in  1847.  to 
Adelia  Prince,  of  Maine.  Tliey  have  had  seven 
children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living. 

E.  II.  Chandler  was  born  in  Oxford  county. 
Maine,  in  1839.  He  moved  to  Minnesota  in  1854, 
and  settled  in  Minneapolis,  where  he  remained 
for  eight  years  ;  then  he  removed  to  Osseo.  En- 
listed in  1861  in  Co.  D,  1st  Minn.  He  was  crippled 
for  a  short  time  at  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run ; 
he  served  three  years,  and  was  discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling.  He  was  married  in  bsG-j,  to  Sarah 
Curtis.     They  have  five  children  living. 

S.  P.  Chipman.  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born  in 
Oxford  county,  in  1823.  He  lived  there  thirty 
years,  his  occupation  being  farming.  He  moved 
to  La  Fayette  county.  Wisconsin,  for  three  and 
one-half  years :  then  to  Ripley  county,  Indiana, 
W'here  he  remained  eleven  years.  In  tlie  spring 
of  1868  he  came  to  Heimepin  county  :  in  the  fall 
he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  county 
poor  farm,  and  had  charge  of  it  for  about 
four  years.  He  finally  settled  in  Litchtield, 
Meeker  county,  and  was  engaged  in  wheat  buy- 
ing for  eight  years.      In  1880  he  bought  his  i)res- 

ent  farm,  and  located  in  Brooklvn.     He  enlisted 
19 


in  Co.  A,  83d  Ind.  Inf.  as  Captain,  in  August, 
1862  :  was  twice  wounded  at  Vicksburg,  May 
19,  1863,  The  first  wound  was  from  a  spent  ball, 
which  struck  him  in  the  forehead ;  was  soon 
after  struck  in  the  foot,  and  taken  to  the  hospital, 
where  he  remained  until  he  could  be  taken  home, 
lie  was  granted  a  furlough  until  able  to  take  his 
place,  when  he  was  promoted  to  Lieutenant  Col, 
of  the  83d,  He  was  honorably  discharged  at 
Iluntsville,  Alabama,  April  26,  1864.  In  1854, 
he  was  married  to  Achsa  Cutler,  of  Franklin 
comity,  ilaine.  They  have  had  three  children. 
One  is  now  living, 

Andrew  J,  Coulter  was  born  in  Wasliington 
county,  Maine,  in  1830.  He  spent  three  years  on 
a  coasting  vessel,  and  one  year  in  California. 
Came  to  Minnesota  in  18.55  and  took  a  claim  on 
Hum  River  which  he  sold  in  1856.  He  lived 
three  years  at  Minneapolis ;  took  a  claim  at  Fort 
Snelling  and  held  it  until  1866,  when  he  came 
to  Brooklyn  and  bought  305  acres.  He  now  has 
146  acres.  Married  in  1854  to  Lois  M.  John- 
son.   They  have  six  children. 

X.  Crooker,  born  in  Limerick.  York  county, 
Maine,  in  1826.  At  eleven  years  of  age  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Oxford  county.  Maine.  He 
spent  some  time  in  Massachusetts,  and  May  10th, 
18-54,  came  to  St.  Anthony.  He  bought  a  claim 
in  Brooklyn  on  wliich  he  has  since  lived.  He 
was  married  in  1853  to  Esther  A.  Reidhead. 
Their  children  are  John  and  Charles.  Mr,  Crook- 
er was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  town. 

Henry  Curtis  was  born  in  Cook  county,  Illi- 
nois. October.  1844.  He  came  with  his  father  in 
18-55  to  Brookl.Mi,  where  he  has  since  made  his 
home.  Enlisted  in  1862  in  Company  D.,  Sixth 
Minnesota.  Served  three  years  and  was  honor- 
orably  discharged  in  1865  at  Fort  Snelling.  Mar- 
ried in  1869  to  Susie  E.  Tlia\  er.  They  have  two 
children. 

.John  M.  Dnniaui  was  Imrn  in  Xew  Brunswick. 
April  11th,  1820.  In  1844  he  moved  to  Bangor, 
and  engaged  as  contractor  and  builder  for  about 
four  years.  From  there  he  went  to  Lewiston.  in 
the  same  business.  In  1852,  lie  came  to  Minne- 
sota, and  settled  in  St.  Anthony.  In  the  fall  of 
1852,  in  company  with  Mr.  (ieorge  T.  Vail,  he 
started  the  first  sash  and  door  factory  in  St.  An- 
thony.    Followed  this  business  for  two  years.  In 


290 


HISTORY  OF  HENA^EPIA  COUNTY. 


the  fall  of  ls")4  he  nioved  to  his  claim,  seven 
miles  above  Minneapolis;  rented  it  in  18137,  and 
returned  to  Minneapolis.  lie  built  a  residence 
there,  and  lived  in  it  for  four  years ;  then  went 
to  his  farm  for  a  short  time,  and  again  returned 
to  Minneapolis,  where  he  built  another  house, 
and  lived  there  five  years.  Then,  in  1876,  he 
went  back  to  the  farm  to  live.  He  has  been  Jus- 
tice of  tlie  Peace  and  Supervisor.  In  1853,  he 
was  married  to  Louisa  .M.  Eeidhead.  She  has 
borne  him  five  children  :  Maurice  M.,  George  A., 
Jessie.  A.  15..  and  l)e  Witt  C.  Jessie  and  De 
'Witt  f.  died  in  infancy. 

W.  II.  Gaslin  was  born  in  Maine,  December 
8th.  1813.  He  lived  there  until  18.>3.  when  he 
moved  to  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  railroad  contract- 
ing. In  18.54,  moved  to  Kentucky,  where  he  was 
largely  engaged  in  building  railroads.  In  1862 
he  bought  horses  for  the  government.  He  came 
to  Minneapolis  in  lS6f).  engaged  in  business,  and 
continued  until  187o;  then  went  in  the  book 
trade,  firm  of  Gaslin,  Wales  &  Co.,  and  remained 
until  January.  1878.  when  he  moved  to  his  pres- 
ent residence,  on  the  Mississippi,  twelve  miles 
north  of  Minneapolis.  Married,  in  June,  1835,  to 
Ilifiriet  Monk,  of  Maine.  They  have  adopted 
two  children  :  only  one  is  now  living. 

W.  II.  (ioodrich  was  burn  in  Carroll  county. 
New  llamiishire.  Novendier  L'lst.  1811.  When 
ten  yeais  of  age  he  came  to  IIenn(>i)in  county 
with  his  father,  who  took  a  claim  in  Brooklyn, 
and  was  afterward  killed  by  a  falling  tree.  W. 
II.  bought  eighty  acres  in  Brooklyn,  in  I860.  He 
was  married  in  July,  1864,  to  Mary  A.  (iibbs. 
They  have  live  children  :  J.  Albert,  AVilliam  A., 
Eugene  II.,  Eva  I...  and  Milo  E. 

W.  II.  (ioodwin  was  born  in  New  Hnniswick, 
June  4lh.  1S12.  He  moved  with  his  i)arents  to 
Calais.  Maine,  whcic  he  lived  until  lie  came  to 
Heiniepin  county,  in  l8.")l.and  took  a  claim  in 
what  is  now  the  center  of  the  city  of  Miinieaiio- 
lis.  He  lived  there  sixteen  years.  In  lsi>7  he 
mfpved  to  his  present  location  at  Brooklyn  Centre. 
.Married  to  .Susan  II.  Fletcher.  August  UUh.  Is4.">. 
They  have  three  ilnlilicn  living  :  A..)..  Harriet 
A.  and  Uertha  I'. 

.Iiilin  W .  ( ■iMnbilc.  hcini  in  l.iveriionl.  July  L'lth, 
1803.  Came  to  Ameiica  when  seven  years  of  age. 
Ijived  in  New  Mrunswlck  a  short  time:  then 
went  to  .Maine.      I'mimHv  seltle(I   in  lirooklyn.  in 


lSo3.  and  has  since  made  it  his  home,  with  the 
exception  of  three  years  spent  in  Crystal  Lake. 
Married  in  Penobscot  county,  Maine,  in  1831,  to 
Nancy  B.  Willis.  Nine  children  have  been  born 
to  them,  four  of  whom  are  now  living. 

M.  A.  Green,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
born  July  22d.  1818.  When  twenty-one  years 
of  age.  he  moved  to  Belleville.  Illinois,  where  he 
worked  at  saddlery  and  farming.  He  enlisted  in 
1846,  for  the  Mexican  war,  in  Company  (i.  second 
Illinois,  sen-ed  one  year,  and  was  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  Buena  Yista.  In  1SI>2  he  settled  in 
Brooklyn,  Minnesota,  where  he  has  since  lived. 
Married  in  November,  1847,  to  ilargaret  Jared- 
Thev  have  eight  chihlren  living.  Alexander  N. 
Duff  D.,  Benjaman  E.,  :\Iary  E..  .Sarah  C,  ilar- 
garet  O.,  William  H.  and  Frederick  A. 

C.  W.  Harrison,  born  in  Essex  county.  New 
York,  in  1825.  He  remained  there  engaged  in 
farming  until  1871,  when  he  came  to  Minnesota, 
and  settled  in  Minneapolis,  being  part  of  the  time 
in  the  lumber  trade,  and  finally  moved  to  his 
farm  in  Brooklyn.  Married,  in  1852,  Ruth  A 
Stickney.  They  have  two  children,  AV)bie  A.  and 
Clifton  D.  Abbie  w^as  married  January  1877,  to 
William  Sloan  :  Clifton  married  Ivlva  Moscrii)t  in 
1879. 

Asa  Howe,  born  in  Washington  county,  Maine, 
in  1810.  He  lived  there  until  lfi5.S,  when  he  came 
to  Hennepin  county,  and  lionglit  a  claim  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres,  near  what  is  now  known 
iis  Brooklyn  Centre.  Mr.  Howe  was  married 
in  1834. 

C.  K.  Howe  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Maine,  in  1848  ;  moved  with  his  parents  to  Hen- 
nepin county,  in  1853,  where  he  has  since  resided  ; 
was  aiijiointiMl  postmaster  of  Brooklyn  Centre  in 
1873.  and  o|i(Mied  a  stock  of  general  merchandise 
at  that  place  in  1875;  marrie(l  in  1S7I.  to  Clara 
M.  Butts.     Two  chililren  have  been  born  to  them. 

Sylvanus  Jenkins  was  born  in  \*ermonl.  .March 
6th,  1818,  and  lived  there  twenty  years.  He  then 
moved  to  Wasliington  county,  Maine,  and  lived 
thirteen  Mars.  He  was  married  in  1840.  to  Eu- 
nice B.  Noyes.  Came  to  Hennepin  county  in 
1851.  and  his  family  followed  in  ls52.  He  took 
a  claim  on  Jenkins  Prairie  ;  sold  it  in  18i>5.  and 
moved  to  Dakota  county,  and  bought  1 .000  acres  ; 
sold  this  also,  ancl  now  lives  near  Farmington. 
.Minnesota.     Thev    liave  seven  children. 


BROOKL  YN—BIOGIiAPHICAL. 


291 


N.  H.  Jenkins  was  born  in  Caledonia  county, 
Vermont,  in  1820.  He  lived  there  twenty-three 
years;  lived  in  Washington  county,  Maine,  eight 
years  ;  engaged  in  teaching  part  of  the  time.  In 
1851  he  came  to  St.  Antliony,  Minnesota,  and 
lived  about  two  years,  when  he  took  a  claim  on 
Jenkins  Prairie ;  he  lived  there  fourteen  years, 
then  sold  it,  and  moved  to  JSIinneapolis,  where  he 
lived  two  years.  In  1869  he  moved  to  Brooklyn. 
He  was  married  in  185(1,  to  Emily  R.  Hanson. 
They  have  five  children  living. 

Oscar  A.  Kelly,  born  in  Adrian,  Michigan,  in 

1853.  Moved  with  his  parents  to  Hennepin 
county  in  1854.  His  father  who  took  a  claim  near 
Osseo,  was  born  in  Ireland,  moved  to  Cana- 
da in  1847  and  finally  settled  in  this  county  in 

1854.  Oscar  was  married  to  Jessie  M.  Meddey 
in  March,  1879.     They  have  one  child. 

Jacob  Longfellow,  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  of 
Brooklyn,  was  born  in  Washington  county,  Maine, 
October  6th.  181 1.  He  resided  in  Ids  native  state 
engaged  in  lumbering  until  1S5U,  when  he  came 
to  St.  Anthony,  and  in  1853  moved  to  what  is 
now  Brooklyn,  and  entered  his  claim.  Mr.  Long- 
fellow states  that  in  early  days,  at  a  Fourth  of 
July  picnic  at  St.  Anthony,  the  whole  communi- 
ty was  present  and  the  total  number  was  less 
than  one  hundred.  He  was  married  in  1838,  at 
Machias,  Maine,  to  Jane  Getchell.  Their  child- 
ren are  four  boys  and  four  girls,  all  living  in  the 
west.  Mrs.  Longfellow  died  in  the  spring  of 
1880.  Mr.  L.  is  a  hale  old  man,  and  in  the 
enjoyment  of  good  health. 

S.  W.  Merrill,  born  in  Carroll  county,  New- 
Hampshire,  August  17th,  1S43.  When  eighteen 
years  old  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Brooklyn, 
Mimiesota.  His  father  died  here  in  1862,  and 
his  mother  in  June,  1871.  He  enlisted  .Vugust, 
1862,  in  Company  A,  Xinth  Minnesota  Infantry 
Volunteers.  Served  among  the  Indians  one  year, 
then  went  South,  being  gone  one  year  and  seven 
months.  He  was  taken  sick  at  Kolla,  Missouri, 
and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks, March  31st,  1865,  when  he  returned  to 
his  farm  where  he  lias  since  resided.  Married 
in  1865  to  Emma  Pomeroy.  They  have  three 
children  Uving:  Georgie  A.,  Albert  J.  and  Fred. 

Jacob  Myers,  bom  in  Pennsylvania,  1808,  where 
he  lived  until  he  moved  to  Hennepin  county, 
Minnesota,  May,  1866,  and  settled  in  Brooklyn. 


Married  June  8th,  1836,  to  Susan  MX'ammon; 
had  seven  children,  two  of  whom  died  in  service 
during  the  rebellion.  Peter  was  taken  prisoner 
at  Drury's  Bluff,  sent  to  Andersonville  and  died 
in  prison  June  23d,  1864.  John  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Hatcher's  Run,  February  6th,  1865. 
Five  children  are  now  living. 

J.  W.  Xorris,  born  in  Lincoln  county,  Maine, 
April  20th,  1840.  Made  that  his  home  until 
1855,  then  followed  the  sea  until  1861,  and  came 
with  the  family  the  same  year  to  Hennepin 
county.  August,  1864,  enlisted  in  Company  F, 
Eleventh  ilinnesota  Infantry,  and  served  until 
honorably  discharged  at  Fort  Snelling  in  1865, 
when  he  settled  on  the  farm  he  now  owns.  Mar- 
ried in  November,  l,s6ii,  to  Seleda  Longfellow. 
They  have  four  children:  James  A.,  Alice  R., 
Jacob  L.  and  Mary  F. 

Robert  W.  Norris,  born  in  Lincoln  county, 
Maine,  May  23,  1848.  He  lived  there  until  seven 
years  of  age.  His  father.  Captain  Joseph  Norris, 
being  a  sea  captain,  he  went  on  the  ocean  with 
him  for  six  years.  The  family  came  to  Henne- 
pin coujity  in  1861 .  Robert,  married  Lizzie  Long- 
fellow. February  8th,  18-55.  They  have  three 
children,  William  F.,  Daniel  W.  and  Robert  W. 

George  W.  Pomeroy,  born  in  Penobscot  coun- 
ty, Maine,  in  1838.  He  lived  there  eighteen 
years,  and  moved  with  his  parents  to  Anoka 
county,  Minnesota,  stayed  there  four  years,  and 
located  in  Brooklyn  in  1862.  He  was  married 
the  same  year  to  jNIary  M.  Talcot.  They  have 
one  child.  :Mr.  Pomeroy  enlisted  in  Company  A. 
Ninth  Minnesota  Infantry,  in  1862 ;  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Guntown,  Mississippi,  June  11th, 
1864,  and  was  confined  at  Andersonville  three 
months.  Savannah  and  CampLawton  three  months 
and  at  Florence  tiiree  months;  was  sent  to  Parole 
Camp,  Saint  Louis,  received  a  furlough  for  thirty 
days,  and  was  honorably  discharged  in  1865  ; 
since  which  time  he  has  made  Brooklyn  his  home. 

Seth  P.  Pribble,  born  in  Kennebec  county, 
Maine.  June  18,  1832.  He  lived  there  fifteen 
years,  then  in  Essex  county  a  few  years,  and 
then  returned  to  his  parents'  home  for  two  years. 
In  1858  he  located  in  Brooklyn,  Minnesota.  In 
1864  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Eleventh  Minne- 
sota Infantry,  and  served  until  honorably  dis- 
chaiged  at  Fort  Snelling,  in  1805.     Married  Mary 


292 


HIS20BY  OF  HE]S'2;£:PIN  COUNTY. 


A.  Sniitli.  ill  LSI)].  Tliey  have  four  cliildron. 
Charles  A.,  Mary  E.,  Evaliiie  E.  and  Edith  E. 

George  AV.  Savage,  born  in  Lenawee  county, 
Michigan,  in  1H44.  He  lived  there  until  ls»i]. 
wlien  he  enlisted  in  Company  F.,  Eleventh  Mieh- 
igan  Infantry,  and  served  three  years.  He  lost 
two  fingers  at  the  liattle  of  >[ission  TJidge.  and 
was  wounded  in  tlie  left  thigh  liy  a  minnie  hall 
at  Atlanta.  He  was  honorably  discharged  at 
Chattanooga,  Tennessee,  Xoveniber  24th.  1.SG4. 
In  the  year  1865  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and 
located  near  Osseo.  He  has  married  twice,  and 
has  had  four  children,  llis  present  wife  was 
Sarah  Whitney,  whuni  he  married  in  IsTii. 

Christian  Schreibcr.  l)i)rn  in  Prussia,  Marcli  17. 
1H84.  Came  to  America  in  IHVi,  and  settled  in 
Cook  county.  111.,  and  engaged  in  tlie  lime  trade. 
In  18.58  he  located  in  Meeker  county,  Minnesota, 
took  a  claim,  but  abandoned  it  in  1800,  and  came 
to  I3rooklyn,  where  he  now  has  240  acres,  lie 
has  been  Town  Supervisor  and  school  oflicer. 
Married  in  1862  to  Dora  Lent.  They  have  five 
children  living:  Matilda.  .Minnie.  Mar\ .  Kinnia 
and  Otto  C. 

George  Setzler.  a  native  of  (Jermany,  was  born 
in  1.SH2.  He  came  to  America  in  1S47.  and  settled 
in  Huron  county,  Ohio,  and  worked  there  eleven 
years  at  the  cooper's  trade.  In  isoii  he  came  to 
Miimesota  and  settled  in  Maple  (irove,  where  he 
lived  ten  years  ;  then  sold,  and  located  in  Brook- 
lyn near  Osseo,  where  he  now  lives.  Married  in 
1866,  Mary  Calim.     They  have  eight  children. 

Robert  .1.  Smart,  born  in  Penobscot  county. 
Maine,  in  islo.  Enlisted  .Vugust  16.  iwil.in 
company  I!.  Eit;lith  .Maine.  He  was  wounded  by 
a  minnie  ball,  in  the  right  side.  May  20,  1864. 
which  kept  him  in  the  hospital  until  Octol)er, 
when  lie  joine<l  his  coinjiany  at  Harrison.  A'ir- 
ginia.  Was  lionoiably  discharged  Jinie  27.  isi;,"). 
Came  to  .Minnesota  in  1867,  an<I  located  in  .Min- 
neaipoli-.  fiu'  three  years,  tlien  bought  a  farm  in 
lirooklyn  where  lie  has  since  residcil.  .Married 
in  1867,  to  HattieCarr. 

.\.  J.  Sniitli.  born  in  Lenawee  county.  .Michi- 
gan, in  1811.  He  came-  In  Hennepin  county  in 
18.54.  and  now  lives  on  the  claim  taken  by  his 
father.  He  was  clerk  in  the  Pir>'master's  Depart- 
ment in  the  sunnner  of  18()4  ;  was  on  the  boat 
when  it  was  attacked  by  (Juerrillas.  and  I).  C. 
Smith    was    killed  :il    |"ort    liandii||,h.      lie   was 


elected  to  represent  his  district  in  the  House  in 
1876.  and  re-elected  in  1S7S.  He  married  in  1864  ; 
in  1867.  Mrs.  Smith  ilied,  leaving  two  children. 
In  1869  he  married  (ieorgia  I.  TJnssel.  They 
have  had  five  children,  four  are  now  living. 

George  II.  Smith  was  born  in  Albany.  New 
Vork.  in  1843,  and  moved  with  his  ))arents  to 
Lenawee  county,  Michigan,  where  he  lived  mitil 
eleven  years  of  age;  he  then  came  to  Heunei)in 
county,  his  father  taking  a  claim  in  lirooklyn. 
He  enlisted  in  1861,  in  Co.  I).  Isl  Minn.,  and 
served  imtil  honorably  discharged  at  Falmouth. 
Virsinia.  in  186,^.  ;Married  the  same  year,  to 
l''i'ances  1.  Thomas,  who  died  in  lsT6.  They 
have  three  children  living. 

Harris  \.  Smith  was  born  in  Piscalaipiis  coun- 
ty. Maine,  in  IsHo.  Here  he  H\cil  for  four  years, 
then  moved  with  hisiiarentsto  Penobscot  countv. 
and  remained  there  until  he  went  to  St.  Anthony, 
in  18.50.  In  18.5o  he  came  to  lirooklyn.  and  took 
a  claim,  njton  which  he  has  since  resided.  Mar- 
ried in  1857.  to  ^lary  J.  Flanders.  They  have 
two  children  living. 

Edward  Siiallord  was  born  in  Orleans  coiuity, 
\'erniout.  in  1852,  and  lived  there  twentv-one 
years.  He  was  educated  at  the  Xornial  School 
of  Uandoliih.  In  1874  he  moved  to  Kock  Island. 
Illinois,  w  liei'e  lie  taiiiilit  school  two  years.  Then 
came  to  lirooklyn.  .Minnesota,  in  1876.  and  tauLrlit 
school  three  years.  In  I87ii  was  married  to  lielle 
Ryan,  of  this  town. 

William  Stevens  was  born  in  \ova  Scotia,  in 
1820.  and  lived  there  until  l\\eiit\  years  of  age; 
then  resided  in  .Vroostook  county.  Maine,  four' 
years,  engaged  in  biinberiiiLT.  Came  to  Minne- 
sota in  1850.  and  went  into  liiinbering  on  lliiiii 
Hiver.  At  the  exiiiratioii  of  one  year  he  entered 
a  store  in  St.  Anthony,  where  he  remained  for 
three  years.  In  l.s54  he  liegaii  trading  at  Mille 
l.,acs  Post,  where  he  remained  for  eleven  years, 
and  in.  1865  settled  on  his  jiresent  location  in 
lirooklyn.  Married.  .\la\  2otli.  lMi5.  to  l':nen 
Sniitli.  They  have  had  \'\\r  ihililreii.  Those 
now  living  are:  William  W..  Koberl,  l-:illiea. 
Clifton  and  Laura  I  i. 

\.  A.  Thayer  was  boiii  in  Lenawee  county. 
Michigan,  December  L'sili.  iMs.  lie  lixcd  there 
until  III' came  to  .Minnesota  with  his  parents,  in 
1S51.  Kniisted  in  Company  C.  7lh  .Minnesota, 
Feliiuai\   lull.  1S65,  and  servi'il    until    tlie  close 


BROOKL  YN—BIOGBAFHICAL. 


293 


of  the  war.  Was  honorably  discliarged  at  Fort 
Snelling,  Aiigust  16th.  1865.  Married  his  second 
wife,  Carrie  Hill,  in  1877.  They  have  one  fliild, 
Elsie  May.  Mr.  Thayer"s  first  wife  bore  him  two 
children  :  AVilliam  and  David  L. 

J.  .J.  Tschndy,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was 
born  in  1832.  Came  to  America  in  1861,  and  lo- 
cated in  Peoria  county,  Illinois.  Remained  there 
only  four  months  ;  then  came  to  ^Minnesota,  and 
settled  in  Maple  Grove.  In  1869  he  removed  to 
Brooklyn.  He  is  now  treasurer  of  school  district 
Jfo.  33.  Married  Mary  Hanser  for  his  second 
wife.  He  has  three  children  :  Jacol),  Joliii  and 
Mary  ;  the  two  former  by  his  first  marriage. 

W.  W.  Wales  .Jr..  was  l)orn  in  North  Carolina, 
in  1828.  He  moved  with  his  parents  to  Wayne 
county,  Indiana,  and  when  nine  years  of  age,  re- 
moved to  Hancock  county,  thence  to  Henry 
county,  where  they  remained  seven  years ;  then 
returned  to  Hancock  comity  and  remained  five 
years.  In  18-53  he  came  to  Hennepin  count> ,  and 
took  a  claim  in  Brooklyn  townsliip  and  has  suice 
resided  here.  In  1861  lie  was  married  to  Miss 
Sarah  E.  (iant.  They  liave  two  rliildren.  Flora 
Helen  and  Laura  Elvina. 

C.  H.AVard  was  born  in  ilerriniac  ccinuty.  \ew 
Hampshire,  in  1833.  He  moved  to  Hennepin 
county  in  18-54,  and  took  a  claim  in  Brooklyn;  he 
now  has  two  Iiuiidred  acres.  In  187-5.  lie  was 
elected  county  Commissioner,  took  his  seat  in 
1876,  and  has  held  the  office  for  five  years;  was 
also  Assessor  for  three  years.  Married  in  18.5.5,  to 
Mrs.  M.  A.  Ward.    They  have  two  children. 

Thomas  Warwick,  anative  of  Edinburgh.  Scot- 
land, was  born  December  26th,  1826.  Moved 
with  his  parents  to  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  Uved 
until  seventeen  years  of  age;  was  lumbermg  in 
New  Brunswick  two  years,  and  in  Fenobscot  three 
years.  Went  to  St.  Antli(iii\'.  Minnesota. in  is.5(i. 
coming  to  St.  I'anl  by  steamer  fmni  l)ubu(iue. 
Iowa.  On  arriving  at  St.  P.iiil.  chartered  a  lum- 
ber wagon  to  bring  liimself  and  family  to  St.  An- 
thony. He  then  went  to  exploring  pine  lands, 
and  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade  for  seven  years ; 
was  one  season  on  Rum  river,  and  two  on  tlie  St. 
Croix  and  Cliippe\\a;  he  now  lives  on  a  claim 
eight  miles  north  of  Minneapolis.  JIarried  Mary 
E.  Smith. 

George  Wetliern  was  lioi-n  in  Somerset  county, 
Maine,  in  1841,  and  lived  there  seventeen  years; 


came  to  Minnesota  in  1858,  and  enlisted  August 
14,  1862.  in  Company  A,  Ninth  Minnesota  Infant- 
ry ;  served  imtil  October,  1863,  under  General 
Sibley  against  the  Indians,  then  went  south  ; 
came  back  and  was  honorably  discharged  in  St. 
Paul,  .luly  186-5.  He  went  to  Pierce  county, 
Wisconshi.  for  one  year,  then  returned  to  Hen- 
nepin county.  In  March.  1867,  he  married 
Amanda  A\'ils(in.  and  located  in  Pierce  county, 
Wisconsin,  in  1868  ;  but  returned  to  Minnesota 
in  187-5  and  settled  in  Brooklyn,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  They  have  had  six  children,  four 
are  now  living. 

Dr.  A.  D.  Williams  was  born  in  Bennington 
county,  \'ermont,  in  1826.  He  moved  with  liis 
mother  to  Eaton  county,  Michigan,  and  lived 
tliere  twelve  years.  Received  liis  collegiate  and 
theological  education  at  Rochester  University, 
and  Tlieological  seminary  at  Rochester,  New 
York,  graduating  from  the  University  in  185-5,  and 
the  Seminary  in  18.57.  He  then  took  charge  of 
Smyrna,  ^Michigan,  Baptist  church,  and  was  next 
Pastor  of  Almont  Baptist  church  for  six  years. 
In  1866  he  came  to  Faribault,  Minnesota,  engag- 
ing in  home  missionary  work  with  different 
chuches  until  1870  ;  then  came  to  Brooklyn  and 
was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  here  and  in 
Maple  (irove  for  two  years.  He  studied  medi- 
cine and  began  to  practice  Homeopathy  at 
Almont,  Michigan.  He  has  practiced  medicine  at 
Brooklyn  Centre  for  the  past  se\en  years.  Dr. 
Williams  was  married  in  1857.  to  Helen  M.  Gas- 
kin,  of  New  York.  They  have  two  children  living. 

.John  Williams  was  born  in  Brooklyn.  New 
York,  in  18-51.  and  lived  there  until  1862.  He 
came  to  Hennepin  county  in  1868,  and  settled  in 
Brooklyn,  where  he  has  smce  resided.  In  1875 
he  married  Ida  M.  Thomas  of  tliis  county  :  they 
have  tliree  children. 

Christian  Wolter,  a  native  of  (Jermany,  was 
born  September  22.  1836.  He  came  to  America, 
in  1863.  and  enlisted  the  same  year  in  company 
A,  Hatches'  Independent  Batallion  Minnesota 
Volunteers,  and  served  against  the  Indians  near- 
ly three  years ;  was  honorably  discharged  at 
Fort  Snelling.  In  1866  lie  came  to  Osseo,  where 
he  now  resides  ;  has  200  acres  of  land.  Married 
in  1867  to  Francis  Zimmerman  ;  they  have  five 
children:  Leopold.  Rosa,  Dora.  William  and 
Lillie. 


294 


HISTORY  OF  HEXNEPIN  COUNTY. 


OSSEO. 


CHAPTER    XLVI 

GENERAL  DESCUIPTION— KARLY  SETTLEMENT— 
CHURCHES  —  SOCIETIES— SCHOOLS— HOTELS— 

nrsiXESs  exterprises -i!Iograpiiical. 

Osseo  is  situated  in  tlie  north-eastern  jiart  of 
the  county,  its  tenitoiy  being  talvcn  froni  the 
lownshiiis  of  Brooklyn  and  Maple  (irove.  It  oc- 
ciiiiies  a  ])ai't  of  the  level  jiraiiie  known  as  '•  Bot- 
tineau I'raiie."  so  called  from  Pierre  15ottineau, 
who,  in  July,  1852,  made  his  claim  here.  With 
him  came  Joseph  Potvin.  Peter  Raiche  and  Peter 
(iarvais,  all  making  claims  near  Bottineau. 

The  village  of  Osseo  was  platted  in  IH06,  by 
Warren  Sampson  and  Isaac  Labosiniere.  Soon 
after,  another  village  was  laid  out  by  A.  B. 
Chaffee,  adjoining  Osseo  on  the  south-east,  called 
•'  City  of  Attraction. ■■  This  is  now  included  in 
the  limits  of  Osseo. 

ICARLY   SETTLEMENT. 

Osseo  was  settled  in  18.")4.by  Warren  Sampson, 
Isaac  Labosiniere. Clark  Kllsworth.  Seneca  Brown, 
James McRay  and  D.  B.  Thayer.  Sampson  1  milt. 
and  opened  a  store,  and  was  post  mastei-  of  the 
ollice,  then  called  Palestine.  Dining  IS.jo-fi,  the 
snrroiniding  country  was  occujiied  by  settlers, 
among  whom  were  A.  B.  Chaffee,  1).  C.  Smith 
and  others.  After  the  village  was  laid  out.  In 
18o(>.  the  settlement  was  i-ajiid.  A  wood  market 
was  established  by  Sami)son  in  Ik')").  which  has 
been  kept  up  since.  The  merchants  buy  given 
wood,  and  sell  to  parties  in  the  city  of  Miniic- 
ajiolis,  after  holding  it  one  season.  There  are  now 
a  number  engaged  iiitlie  wckmI  bii>iiiess. handling 
an  aggregate  of  one  liiiii<lien  conls  jier  day  during 
the  wood  season.  The  lirst  lilacksmilh  shop  was 
estiiblished  in  lH.>j,  by  Clark  Ellsworth  ;  Eli  Ilav- 
iland  became  bis  partner  two  years  later.  The 
latter  still  conducts  the  business.  Rudolph  Xig- 
gler  kept  the  (irst  hotel  in  the  village.    Previ<iiis 


I  to   this,   Chaffee  and  McRay     ■  kcjit    travelers."' 
McRay  established  the  second  store  in  the  iilace. 

ST.   LOriS   CATHOLIC   CIIURCII. 

This  society  was  organized  in  lSo3,  in  charge 
j  of  Father  Ilirth.  wlio  remained  seven  or  eight 
j  years.  He  was  succeeded  by  Father  Genis.  who 
ofliciated  here  and  at  Dayton  for  about  live  years. 
Father  Nicholas  ne.xt  had  charge,  remaining 
three  years.  He  was  followed  by  Father  Maurer 
who  had  charge  four  years,  then  Father  Lechner 
officiated  one  year.  Father  ]\Iaesfranx.  one  and 
one-half  years.  Tie  was  succeeded  by  Father 
Ladriere,  the  present  incumbent.  In  isii'),  the 
society  built  a  frame  church.  Moxo4  feet,  situated 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  village  on  the  main 
street.  The  priest's  residence,  adjoining  the 
church,  was  built  in  ISfin.  In  1S80.  additions 
were  made  to  the  chiircli.  giving  a  sanctuary 
16x20  feet,  and  in  the  rear  of  that,  a  sacristy 
16x28.  The  society  now  numbers  one  hundred 
families.  They  have  a  cemetery  of  one  acre  lo- 
cated in  the  township  of  Binokl.Mi  and  adjoining 
Osseo. 

i.f  iiii;i!A.\  cmKcii. 

This  society  was  organized  in  I860,  the 
fii-st  minister  being  the  Rev.  Mr,  Jahn, 
who  remained  two  years.  lie  was  followed 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Rehkojif,  who  remained  in 
charge  until  his  death.  whi<-li  occurred  in  bSTI. 
A  young  man  from  (Jcrniaiiv  next  took  the  pas- 
torate, bill  remained  only  one  year.  Since  then 
the  society  has  been  without  a  regular  iiastor. 
but  has  preaching  every  third  Sunda.\ .  tlie  inil- 
jiit  being  supplieil  from  Minneapolis.  The  soci- 
ety numbers  alidut  tuclvr  I'aiuilies.  They  have 
a  cemetery  of  one  acre  in  tlie  smitlieni  part  of 
the  village. 

SOCIETIES, 

In  early  days  a  small  society  of  spiritualists 
existed.  They  built  a  hall,  and  for  a  lime  held 
rcgiilai'  meetings.     They  were  suiieiceded  by  the 


OSSEO— SCHOOLS— HOTELS 


295 


"  Osseo  Society  of  Liberalists,"  who  now  own  the 
hall  known  as  Liberty  Hall. 

Osseo  Liedeikranz,  a  musical  and  religious  so- 
ciety, was  organized  in  1867,  and  continued  until 
1879,  when  they  were  succeeded  by  the  Osseo 
Turnverein  Society.  The  first  society  built  a 
hall,  which  is  now  used  by  their  successors.  They 
number  about  twelve  members,  and  meet  one 
evening  in  each  week ;  also  keep  up  a  Sunday- 
school  for  their  children. 

Osseo  Dramatic  Club.  This  society  has  been 
in  existence  about  three  years.  They  have  a  good 
library  in  connection,  purchased  with  proceeds  of 
dramatic  entertainments.  The  Good  Templars 
also  contributed  to  the  pureliase  of  books.  The 
officers  of  the  club  are  :  President,  Eugene  Smith  ; 
Treasurer,  Miss  Susie  E.  Curtis ;  Secretary,  Delia 
M.  Johnson. 

Good  Templars.  An  organization  was  formed 
about  1857.  under  the  title,  Kose  of  Sharon 
Lodge,  and  at  one  time  numbered  150  members. 
During  the  tirst  winter  the  attendance  averaged 
one  hundred.  This  lodge  continued  four  or  five 
years,  and  was  re-organized,  after  a  lapse  of 
eighteen  months,  as  the  Osseo  Union  Lodge. 
This  society  continued  until  1880,  when  they  dis- 
banded. 

Society  of  Free  Tliinkers  was  organized  about 
1866,  and  numl)prs  about  a  dozen  members.  They 
meet  four  times  a  year. 

Winslow  Lodge  No.  125,  A.  F.  and  A.  il., 
was  organized  in  1875.  with  Stiles  Gray,  W.  M.; 
G.  W.  Savage,  S.  W.  and  Clark  Ellsworth,  J.  W. 
The  lodge  has  a  membership  of  forty-three,  and 
holds  meetings  in  Liberty  Hall,  over  Eli  Ilavi- 
land's  blacksmitli  sliop.  The  charter  was  granted 
by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  state,  January  10th. 
1877.  The  present  officers  are  :  A.  D.  Fogerson, 
W.  M.;  John  Williams  and  WilUam  Krueger, 
Wardens,  and  11.  C.  Black.  Secretary.  The  so- 
ciety is  in  a  sound  financial  condition,  lia\ing  a 
surplus  of  over  $400  in  the  treasury. 


The  first  school  was  held  in  the  summer  of 
1856,  in  the  hall  erected  by  the  Society  of  Spirit- 
ualists, and  taught  by  Miss  Sylvia  Rowe.  About 
two  years  later,  the  Spiritualists  disbanded,  and 
sold  the  hall  to  the  school  district,  which  then 
embraced  a  large  section  each  side  of  the  village. 


The  hall  was  used  for  school  purposes  about  six 
years,  moved  twice,  then  destroyed  by  fire.  Af- 
ter this,  another  hall,  Sampson's,  was  used  for  six 
years,  and  then  the  present  building  was  erected. 
It  is  thirty  feet  square,  with  posts  eighteen  feet 
high.  A  graded  school  has  been  maintained  for 
the  past  two  years,  though  two  teachers  had  been 
employed  for  twelve  years  previous.  The  school 
numbers  about  one  hundred  pupils. 

HOTELS. 

In  1867,  Kudolph  Xiggler,  who  had  previously 
kept  a  small  house  for  boarders  and  transient 
guests,  erected  a  hotel  at  a  cost  of  nearly  S-1,000 . 
It  was  not  a  good  investment,  as  there  was  not 
business  enough  to  sustain  it.  This  house  was 
burned  in  1870. 

The  International  lintel  w  as  built  by  Fritz 
Schmidt  in  1874.  It  is  two-stories  in  height  and 
has  rooms  for  thirty  guests.  It  has  been  con- 
ducted by  !Mr.  Schmidt  since  its  opening. 

The  Temperance  House  is  kept  by  Z.  Labrasch. 

BUSINESS  ENTERFBI.SES. 

Merchants.  John  Hechtman  keeps  a  large  stock 
of  General  Merchandise,  and  deals  largely  in  wood. 
Business  established  in  1865.  Emil  Lefebvre, 
Drugs  and  General  Merchandise,  established  in 
1873.  ^Ir.  Lefebvre  is  also  postmaster.  Z.  La- 
brasch. Groceries  and  Xotions.  Wagon  Maker's, 
Black  and  Brown.  Xelson  Bougier.  Black-smiths, 
().  Leferrier,  Eli  Ilaviland,  Leferrier  and  Charest. 
Boots  and  Shoes,  William  Krueger,  Joseph 
Woodly.  Carpenters,  William  Rodeck,  Thomas 
Flitsch.  Harness  Maker,  Samuel  Pavitt.  Phy- 
sician, N.  J.  Pinault.  Dress  Makers,  Maggie 
Rougier,  Frances  Thayer. 

Osseo  remained  under  the  township  govern- 
ments of  Brooklyn  and  Maple  Grove,  untU  the 
spring  of  1875,  when  it  was  incorporated  by  act 
of  Legislature.  A  President,  three  Councilmen, 
a  Recorder  and  a  Treasurer,  constitute  its  officers. 

The  act  of  incorporation  specified  the  following 
boundaries :  beginning  at  the  north-west  corner 
of  section  18,  township  119,  range  21,  and  run- 
ning east  on  north  line  of  said  section  120  rods, 
thence  south  200  rods,  thence  west  40  rods,  thence 
south  80  rods,  thence  west  120  rods,  thence'north 
280  rods,  thence  east  to  the  place  of  beginning. 
The  inhabitants  within  said  limits  to  constitute  a 
body  corporate  under  the  name  of  '-The  Com- 


I'ixi 


HlSTOIiY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


mon  Council  of  Osseo."  and  to  constitute  one, 
election  district  for  the  purpose  of  general  and 
special  elections  under  the  general  election  laws 
of  the  State.  The  election  of  village  oflicers  was 
set  for  the  third  Tuesday  in  March  each  year.  The 
lirst  election  was  held  at  the  oftice  of  John  Heeht- 
man. 

Marrh  :id.  ISTii.  Uic  following  oliicers  were 
elected:  President.  John  llechtman  ;  Coinicil, 
U.  II.  Shepherd.  AVilliani  Krueger.  Tyouis  Berth- 
aume  ;  Treasurer,  E.  Lefebvre  ;  Recorder.  Wil- 
liam Ewing;  Marshall,  II.  Blaine;  Justice.  Louis 
Berthainne  :  Assessor.  A.  (i.  Ray.  The  election 
in  1880  resulted  as  follows:  President.  J.  Sau- 
cier; Council,  J.  T.  Pribble,  Chris.  Shappach, 
Isaac  Lobosiniere  ;  Treasurer,  John  Hechtman  ; 
Recorder.  William  Krueger:  Asses.sor.  W.  S. 
Johnson;  Justice.  II.  f.  Blake:  -Marshall.  E.  II. 
Chandler.  E.  II.  Ilaviland  wasappointed  Marshall 
Xovember  Otli.  1880.  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by 
removal  from  town,  of  Chandler.  Tliere  are  1  )5 
acres  of  land  within  the  corporate  limits,  not 
platted.  The  assessed  valuation  of  all  lands 
and  village  lots  with  structures  thereon  for  1880. 
was  $23.o(j3.  Assessed  valuation  of  personal 
property,  S",S13.  Amount  of  taxes.  S323.  Pop- 
ulation. 206. 

BIOGKAI'HIC'.VL. 

11.  ('.  Black,  born  in  New  llann\cr  county, 
-N'orth  Carolina,  in  Isl-'i.  lie  learned  the  trade 
of  wagon  making.  In  l87o  he  came  to  Hen- 
nepin county,  settled  in  Osseo,  and  estab- 
lished a  wagon  shop,  taking  E.  H.  Chandler  as 
partner:  this  partnership  was  dissolved  in  1879, 
anil  Mr.  Blaik  imisecuteil  the  business  alone  until 
1880,  when  he  took  two  partners.  In  1868  he 
was  married  to  Julia  Hancock.  Tliey  have  live 
children  now  lixing. 

Seneca  Brown,  born  in  Hiitlainl  county,  ^■er- 
mont,  in  1826.  Moved  to  .Niagara  county,  and 
lived  eighteen,  years,  then  to  Lenawee,  .Michi- 
gan, where  he  learned  the  wagon  and  carpenter's 
trade.  He  came  to  Hennei)in  <'ounty.  and  set- 
tled in  Maple  (irove.  Kslablished  his  wagon 
shoi(  in  Osseo.  in  1876.  In  18^4  he  married  Kliz- 
abeth  Willetts.     They  have  four  living  children. 

Kli  Havilan<l  was  born  in  Lenawee  county, 
Michigan  in  1836.  He  came  to  Hennei)in  c<unily 
in  18.57.  settled  near  Osseo  and  stalled  black- 
smithing  here  in   18.50.     He  eidisted  in  1862  in 


'  Company  F,  Minnesota  Mounted  Rangers;  served 
nine  months  and  was  honorably  discharged  at 
Fort  Snelling.  He  sold  his  interest  in  the  shop 
and  began  farming,  followed  it  a  short  time,  and 
then  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business  for  one 
year  in  Osseo:  he  afterward  went  back  to  his  old 
trade  in  Champlin  for  three  years,  and  linally 
located  at  Osseo  in  1879.  He  was  married  in 
18.5.5  to  Laviua  Lee.  They  have  two  children 
living. 

Chancy  Ilaviland  waslioruin  Lenawee  comity. 
Michigan  in  1843.  When  the  war  broke  out  he 
enlisted  in  Company  A.  Fourth  Michigan  Cavalry. 
Was  under  Grant  and  Sherman,  and  was  with  the 
latter  in  his  march  to  the  sea.  He  was  honora- 
bly discharged  at  Xashville,  Tennessee,  in-1864, 
and  re-enlisled  in  the  Third  Michigan  Light  Ar- 
tillery. ]5attery  C.  and  served  till  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  was  in  Washington  at  the  (irand  He- 
view,  and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Detroit, 
Michigan.  He  went  to  Indianapolis.  Indiana, 
learned  the  profession  of  liiilioad engineer  and  fol- 
lowed it  for  eight  years.  Came  to  Minnesota 
and  settled  in  Chaniplin.  where  he  worked  as  en- 
gineer; also  in  Anoka  in  the  same  business,  and 
linally  settled  in  Osseo.  In  1861  he  married 
Martha  Powers.  They  have  one  child  living: 
Etta. 

.ToliiL  Ilci-jitiuaii.  a  iiali\e  of  (.eiMjaii\.  uas 
born  in  182s.  and  came  to  .Vnieiica  in  1832.  He 
settled  ill  Erie.  Pennsylvania,  and  lived  there 
until  1849.  when  he  went  to  California  for  two 
years;  returned  to  Erie,  and  in  ls.57  caiiie  to 
Minneapolis.  When  the  war  broke  out  he  was 
in  Pennsylvania  looking  after  his  oil  interests  ; 
he  enlisted  with  Ihc  tlircc  uiouths' men.  after- 
wards with  tile  (lirce  years  ineii  ill  the  Kighty- 
tliii'd  Penns\  Ivaiiia  rci;iMiciiI  :  was  wniiiidedat 
the  battle  of  the  \\ild<Miiess  in  IsiU,  and 
honorably  discharged  at  llMnisliuigh,  September 
1864.  He  establisheil  the  iiresent  general  store 
at  Osseo  in  186.5.  .Marrieil  his  second  wife, 
Augusta  Schmidt  in  1860.  by  whom  he  has  had 
live  childieii.  Two  sons  were  born  to  him  by  his 
first  wife:  both  are  now  in  Colorado. 

liev.  .V.  Ladriere  was  born  at  Levis,  nearl^iuc- 
bec.  in  Is26.  and  was  educated  at  t^luebec  .Semi- 
nary. He  was  assistant  at  St.  Thomas  Parish 
one  year,  also  at  Levis  one  vcar.  then  three  years 
at  St.  Hoch.  and  was  |)astor  at  St.  l-"al)iaii  lifteeii 


OSSEO—BIOGBAPHICAZ. 


297 


years  ;  then  at  Isle  Verte  five  years  ;  He  came  to 
Osseo  in  1876,  and  took  charge  of  the  St.  Louis 
church  at  tliis  place. 

E.  Lefebvre,  born  in  the  province  of  (Quebec, 
in  1845,  and  lived  there  twelve  years :  then 
moved  to  Clinton  county,  New  York,  and  learned 
the  shoe  trade,  which  business  engaged  most  of 
his  time  until  he  came  to  Osseo,  in  186-5.  In  1878, 
he  established  his  present  stock  of  general  mer- 
chandise, having  clerked  here  for  eight  ye;irs, 
previous  to  that  time.  He  was  married  in  1SG9 
to  Celina  Normandin.   Tiiey  have  tliree  children. 

S.  X.  Pavitt  was  born  in  Loudon,  England,  in 
1830,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  America  in 
1832.  He  went  to  the  province  of  Quebec,  and 
remained  there  until  1846,  when  he  moved  to 
New  York  city,  and  learned  the  harness  trade, 
lie  came  to  Minnesota  in  1855;  located  in  the 
harness  trade  at  Minneapolis.  In  1862  he  enlist- 
ed in  Co.  B,  6tb  Mum.  A'ols.,  and  served  nearly 
three  years,  being  bonoraljly  discharged  at  Fort 
Snelling  in  1865.  Octol»er,  1867,  he  came  to  Osseo, 
and  started  liis  harness  shop.  He  has  since  re- 
sided here.  Married  in  1857,  to  Adeline  Buck. 
They  have  three  children  now  living. 

N.  J.  Pinault,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  the  province 
of  Quebec,  in  1848,  where  he  lived  until  1877. 
Keceived  his  collegiate  education  at  Kimouski 
and  St.  Anne;  gra<luated  an  M.  I),  at  the  I'ni- 
versity  Laval,  Quebec,  receiving  the  lirst  prizes 
from  the  faculty,  prize  Seivell  and  prize  Morrin, 
of  1874.  His  diploma  from  the  University  Laval 
is  also  from  the  Kt)yal  College  of  Surgeons,  of 
London.  After  his  studies,  he  made  an  extensi\  e 
tour  in  Europe,  and  while  there  had  great  ojipor- 
tunities  to  perfect  liis  education.  He  first  prac- 
ticed medicine  at  Kimouski.  In  1877  he  came  to 
Osseo,  and  has  since  followed  Ins  profession  here. 

J.  T.  Fribble,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born  in 
1830 ;  moved  to  Heimepin  county,  in  18.55,  and  set- 
tled in  Brooklyn.  lie  was  educated  at  Bowdoin 
College,  Brunswick,  Maine.  In  1861  he  was 
elected  County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  and 
held  the  office  six  years.  He  has  been  principal 
of  Osseo  graded  scliool  for  eight  years.  In  1854 
he  married  Elmira  E.  Xorris.  of  Maine.  Five 
children  Iiave  been  born  to  them. 

Nelson  Rougier  was  born  in  Montreal,  in  1813. 
At  the  age  of  three  years  he  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Kankakee,  IlUnois ;   thence  to  Belle 


Prairie,  Minnesota,  in  1856.  Ten  years  later  he 
came  to  Osseo,  and  started  a  wagon  shop.  He 
was  married,  in  1833,  to  Rosa  Begnoche,  of  Can- 
ada.   They  have  five  children  living. 

Fritz  Schmidt  was  born  in  Germany,  iii  1851. 
Came  to  America  in  1867,  and  settled  at  Osseo, 
Hennepin  county.  Minnesota.  He  built  the  In- 
ternational Hotel,  in  1874.  It  is  two  stories  high, 
with  a  capacity  for  thirty  guests.  He  owns  and 
conducts  it.    He  married,  in  1875,  Sophia  Oswald. 

De  Witt  Clinton  Smith  (deceased),  born  in  Or- 
leans county,  New  York,  in  1825.  He  lived  there 
aljout  twenty  years  ;  then  went  to  Adrian,  ilich- 
igan.  He  was  married,  at  Addison,  Michigan,  to 
Melissa  R.  Shepard,  in  1874.  In  1857  he  came 
to  Hennepin  county,  and  bought  a  farm  near 
Osseo.  He  enlisted,  in  1861,  in  Company  D, 
1st.  ilinnesota.  and  was  appointed  second 
Lieutenant.  After  the  first  Bull  Run  battle  he 
was  promoted  Captain  of  the  company.  He  was 
severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Antietam. 
^Irs.  Smith,  after  many  heroic  efforts,  found  him 
at  Hagerstown,  Maryland,  and  succeeded  in  bring- 
ing him  to  Ilarrisburg,  Pennsylvania.  After 
resting  a  few  weeks  tliey  came  home,  and  he  was 
honorably  discharged  shortly  after.  He  was  ap- 
pointed State  Librarian  by  Governor  Miller,  and 
while  Librarian  was  appointed  ilajor  of  the  Pay 
Department.  He  was  finally  killed  at  Fort  Ran- 
dolph, the  boat  being  decoyed  into  that  point  by 
a  party  of  guerillas,  who  shot  and  killed  hiui.  One 
child  was  Ijorn.  Eugene  A.,  living  near  Benson. 

David  B.  Thayer  (deceased)  was  tiorn  in  Seneca 
county.  New  York,  in  1822.  lu  ls47  lie  moved 
to  Lenawee  county,  ilichigan.  and  married  Cath- 
erine AVarren.  He  came  to  Hennepin  county  in 
1854,  and  settled  near  Osseo,  on  a  claim  of  160 
acres,  which  is  still  owned  by  Mrs.  Thayer.  Mr. 
Thayer  died  at  Osseo,  August  31.  1873.  Four 
children  were  born  to  them.  A.  A.  Thayer, 
llieir  scm.  enlisted  in  1863,  in  7lh  Minn.,  as  drum- 
mer l)oy,  wlien  16  years  old  ;  being  taken  sick  at 
Montgomery.  Alaljama.  he  relurncd  home,  and 
was  honorably  discharged. 

E.  Wellman  was  born  in  Dayton,  Hennepin 
county.  Minnesota,  in  1855.  He  learned  the 
bUicksmith  trade  witli  Eli  Ilaviland  at  Osseo. 
On  November  3d,  1878,  he  was  married  to  Delora 
Ilaviland,  who  was  born  in  Maple  Grove,  Min- 
nesota.   They  have  orfecliild:  Lorissa. 


298 


HlSTOliY  OF  HENNEPiy  COUNTY. 


CHAMPLIN. 


CIIAl'TKH    XL\11. 

GENEKAL  DKSCKIPTION - -SETTLEJIK>;t--1XDIAN 
MOUNDS— EAULY  INCIDENTS— ORGANIZATION 
—  SCHOOLS  — CUrUCIIES— SOCIETIES— MILL  — 
BIOGllAPUICAL. 

Tliis  township  is  located  in  tlie  uoitli-eastein 
part  of  tlie  coiiiitv,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  which 
forms  its  northern  and  eastern  boundary.  Its 
surface  is  varied.  Along  the  river  are  heavily- 
timbered  bottom-lands,  back  of  whirli  are  high 
l)luffs.  Tlie  western  portion  of  the  town  is  cov- 
ered with  a  growth  of  light  timl)er.  The  central 
and  soullicrn  portions  are  level  prairies.  The  soil 
is  in  all  jiarts  good  and  productive.  This  town- 
ship, mdike  many  others  in  the  county,  has  no 
large  lakes.  There  are  two  small  bodies  of  water 
known  as  I.eman's  I>akeand  15ond  Lake,  the  for- 
mer on  section  tio  and  the  latter  on  section  36. 
IIayden"s  Lake,  which  is  located  mainly  in  the 
town  of  Dayton.  i)iojects  a  short  distance  into 
Champlin  on  the  west.  Elm  Creek  Hows  from 
Haydcn's  Lake  across  the  northern  part  of  the 
town,  and  enipliesinto  tlie  Mississijiin.  justljclow 
the  village.  Tliis  creek  furnishes  an  excellent 
waler-piiwcr.  wliidi  is  utilized. 

1  1H>1'    Sl"l"l  I.EMIOXT. 

The  liisloiyiit  ('liain|iliii  dales  from  Is."):.',  wlien 
("liarles  Miles  located  near  the  junction  of  Klni 
Creek  and  the  river,  and  opened  a  trading  post 
for  Indians.  He  was  the  first  white  settler  in 
the  township.  Tlie  following  spring.  .JosejOi  and 
Augustus  Hull  arrived,  and  inaile  claiins  where 
the  village  is  now  localeil.  During  llie  suninier 
(if  ^^^r,^^.  Auguslus  Iloll  erected  a  fiame  house, 
the  lirsl  in  Un-  village.  In  the  snmnier  of  18o3, 
•lohu  I'iUe.  Hcnjamin  IC.  .Messer.  and  a  Mr.  Ste- 
vens, built  houses  near  the  river  above  tlie  village. 
In. June  of  that  year.  Hev.  Lewis  .\tkiiison  loea- 
teil  on  section  3:!.      lie  caine  witli  teaius   fnuu 


IlUnois.  The  same  year,  R.  H.  Miller,  F.  Thorn- 
dyke  and  John  Shumway,  made  claims  west  of 
the  village  ;  Colby  Emery  settled  on  section  30. 
William  ]Milliollin  made  a  claim  on  section  33, 
Jilarch  2d,  18.54.  He  came  with  his  family  from 
Ohio  to  St.  Anthony,  in  July,  18-53,  and  after  re- 
maining in  St.  Anthony  until  the  following 
March,  located  in  Champlin.  In  l.s.54.  (luile  a 
number  settled  in  the  town,  amimg  tliem  liev.  W. 
Hayden  and  Samuel  Colburn.  both  of  whom  still 
reside  on  their  original  claims.  In  ls.5o,  Josejih 
McCaim  liuilt  just  above  Miles,  and  during  the 
succeeding  tw^o  years,  several  others  located  near. 
From  this  time  the  settlement  went  on  rajiidly. 
Prominent  among  the  early  settlers  here,  was 
John  (J.  Howell,  who  came  in  ls-54.  llis  chiiiu 
was  in  Brooklyn, but  his  home  in  Clianipliii.  lie 
was  a  young  man.  a  general  favorite,  ami  a  leader 
in  social  gatherings  and  church  meetings.  He 
left  in  l.s.5ti.and  after  considerable  travel,  located 
in  California,  where  he  has  held  several  promi- 
nent positions. 

The  Winnebago  Imlians  roaiued  ii\cr  Cliainp- 
lin,  at  the  time  of  its  tir.st  settlement.  Their 
village  was  located  near  Dayton.  They  were 
peaceable,  and  did  not  molest  the  settlers,  except 
to  beg.  <  )n  "lie  occasion,  during  a  "  big  drunk,"" 
they  stole  a  canoe  fvoiii  William  Milholliu.  but  it 
was  promptly  returned  b\  the  women.  Thelirst 
settlers  in  Chaniplin  had  to  buy  their  supplies  in 
St.  Anthony,  and  in  onler  to  reach  that  place, 
would  often  fasten  two  or  three  logs  together, 
f<uniiiig  a  raft,  on  which  they  would  lloat  down 
the  river.  This  <lid  very  well,  going  down, 
but  the  return  tiip  was  nioic  dillicull.  as  it  had 
to  be  niaile  on  foot,  lollowing  Indian  trails.  This 
township  was  surveyed  in  18.5.5. 

1NI)I.\N    MIUNI)   AN  II  lU;  W  K. 

Near  the  i illi  of   t:im  Creek  was  at  one  Imie 

a  mound,  called  the  "  Indian  .Mound."  on  which 


CHAMPLIN-INCIDENTS— ORGANIZATION. 


299 


was  planted  a  red  staff,  from  which  lloated  a  red 
flag  of  small  size.  The  moimd  has  nearly  disap- 
peared, owing  to  excavations  made  in  search  of 
reUcs.  In  the  village  near  the  liotel  was  a  grave, 
surrounded  hy  a  rude  fence  of  logs.  This  was 
supposed  to  be  the  grave  of  a  chief,  as  it  was  or- 
namented by  a  red  staff,  on  the  top  of  which  was 
a  red  flag,  or  rag. 

EARLY   INCIDENTS. 

A  ferry  across  the  Mississippi,  was  put  in  op- 
eration by  Joseph  Holt,  in  185-5.  McCann's  lo- 
cating near  tlie  mouth  of  Elm  Creek,  led  to  a 
dispute  between  him  and  Miles,  in  regard  to  the 
ownersliip  of  the  water-power. 

The  contest  was  carried  to  the  Land  Office  at 
Washington,  for  final  decision,  and  resulted  in 
Miles  holding  the  claim.  Both  men  were  nearly 
ruined  by  the  contest,  and  soon  after,  McCann 
moved  to  Anoka,  where  he  still  resides,  and 
Miles  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  died  in  1878. 
The  first  birtli  in  the  township  was  in  1854,  a 
child  of  :\Ir.  and  Mrs.  Stevens;  the  second  birth 
was  a  daughter  to  J.  B.  Holt  and  wife,  iSTovember, 
1854. 

The  first  death  \\as  tliat  of  a  young  man— a 
new-comer  named  Charles  Teag,  in  1856.  He 
was  buried  in  a  field  on  :Mr.  Miller's  land.  The 
first  marriage  was  in  1857,  the  contracting  parties 
being  Cyrus  Rollin  and  Miss  Clark. 

TOWNSHIP   OKOANIZATIOX. 

In  1858,  tlie  County  Commissioners  set  apart 
the  territory  embraced  in  township  120,  range  22, 
and  tlie  fractional  township  120,  range  21,  as  Mar- 
shall. A  meeting  was  held  at  Champlin  village; 
May  11th,  1858,  and  officers  chosen  for  the  town. 
At  this  meeting  the  question  of  a  division  of 
Marshall,  into  Dayton  and  Champlin  arose,  and 
finally  resulted  in  designating  the  following 
boundaries  ;  Champlin,  all  of  fractional  township 
120,  range  21.  and  the  eastern  tier  of  sections  of 
township  120,  range  22.  Dayton,  all  of  township 
120,  range  22,  excepting  tlie  eastern  tier  of  sec- 
tions. The  first  Town  Meeting  for  Champlin 
was  held  April  5th,  18.50.  At  this  meeting, 
Wentworth  Ilayden  presided  as  Moderator,  and 
.J.  B.  Hunt  acted  as  Clerk,  pro  tem.  The  follow- 
ing officers  were  elected.  Supervisors,  Went- 
worth Ilayden,  Chairman,  Samuel  Briggs  and  S. 
D.  Leman;  Town  Clerk,  J.  B.  Holt;  Assessor,  J. 


A.  Linscott;  Collector,  Job  Kenneston;  Overseer 
of  Poor,  J.  D.  Hank;  Justices,  S.  Colburn,  Alvah 
Hills;  Constables,  Joseph  Dovstis,  George  Hills. 
Oflicers  in  1880;  Supervisors,  Harry  Ghostly, 
Chairman,  J.  B.  Hinkley  and  Jolni  Stewart;  Town 
Clerk,  S.  Colburn;  Assessor,  J.  B.  Hinkley; 
Treasurer,  O.  S.  Miller;  .Justices,  Samuel  Colburn 
and  J.  B.  Hinkley;  Constables,  Geo.  A.  Hills  and 
William  DowUn. 

The  Township  contains  5,310  acres  of  land, 
the  assessed  \'aluation  of  which,  was  in  1880, 
877,596.  The  valuation  of  personal  property  was 
§14,348.  Total  amount  of  taxes  for  1880,  §1,2.52. 
The  population  of  the  town  is  456. 

SCHOOLS. 

Tlie  first  school  in  tlie  town  of  Champlin,  was 
held  in  an  old  slianty  above  the  village,  in  1855. 
Miss  Emily  Thorndyke  (now  Mrs.  Lum  of  Min- 
neapolis) was  teacher.  A  school  house  was  built 
in  1860,  tlie  first  teacher  being  Cliandler  B. 
Adams.  There  are  now  three  schools  sustained 
in  the  town.  A  graded  school  in  the  village, 
school  district  number  35,  house  located  on'section 
30,  and  district  number  99,  joint  district  with 
Brooklyn,  school  house  located  on  section  34, 
Champlin.  All  the  school  houses  are  good  build- 
ings. 

CHURCHES. 

The  Free-Will  Baptist  church  was  organized 
in  1854,  as  a  biancli  of  tlie  Minneapolis  church, 
by  Rev.  C.  G.  Ames.  It  was  supplied  by  Eev. 
W.  Ilayden  and  others,  until  the  following  year. 
The  first  members  of  the  branch  organization 
were,  Betsy  Shumway,  W.  W.  Cate,  Sarah  C. 
Cate,  W.  W.  Woodman  and  wife.  The  first 
meetings  were  held  in  a  school-house,  and  on  an 
unfinished  steamboat,  which  lay  on  the  river  bank 
at  this  point.  In  1855  the  church  was  organized 
independently,  and  named  Elm  Creek  church, 
under  which  name  it  continued  until  1S58,  when 
it  was  changed  til  .Vimka  and  Champlin  church, 
its  present  name.  They  have  a  frame  building, 
erected  in  1871  at  a  cost  of  §1,650.  It  is  located 
in  the  village  of  Cliamplin,  on  an  eminence  over- 
looking the  river.  The  first  regular  pastor  was 
W.  Ilayden.  wlio  officiated  until  1863,  when 
owing  to  ill-liealUi  he  was  compelled  to  resign, 
and  the  church  was  without  a  pastor  for  two 
years,  though  occasional  services  were  held.    In 


300 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


1865  Ttev.  S.  S.  Paine  took  the  charge,  and 
remaiueil  until  ISTO.  when  he  was  sueceeded  lyy 
Rev.  C.  L.  Russell,  the  present  pastor.  There 
has  been  a  Sabbath-school  in  connection  with  the 
chui'ch  since  its  orjjtanization.  and  it  is  now  in  a 
Hourishiun  condition. 

The  Melliodist  Kpiscupal  Church.  A  class  was 
formed  in  1872.  by  Rev.  John  Stafford.  The  year 
following  they  erected  a  church,  about  .SO  x  oO  feet 
in  size.  They  have  no  resident  minister,  the 
chui'ch  being  included  in  the  circuit  with  Anoka. 
.\  Sabbath-school  is  ntaiiitaiucd  in  connection 
with  the  church. 

SOCIICTIKS. 

.\  Litcraiy  Society  and  Lyceum,  organized  in 
the  fall  of  l.s.so.  meets  every  Friday  evening  in 
the  school-house  of  district  Xo.  99.  This  society 
is  well  attendcil. 

In  1879  a  circulating  library  was  established  in 
the  village,  containing  three  lunulred  volumes. 
It  is  kept  at  the  post-ollice,  and  is  patmni/id  by 
the  citizens  of  the  township  generally. 

CIIAMPI.IX  MILL. 

This  Uiill  is  located  on  IClm  Cieek.  near  its 
junction  with  the  river,  below  the  village.  The 
first  mill  at  this  point  was  built  Ijy  A.  P.  Lane  & 
("o..  in  1807.  The  township  records  for  that  year 
show  that  two  town  bonds,  of  S2oO  each,  were  is- 
sued in  favoi-  of  this  liiiii.  to  assist  in  building  a 
(lam  and  bridge,  in  connection  with  the  mill. 
All  were  built,  but  were  swept  away  and  de- 
stroyed liy  high  watei'.  The  present  mill  was 
built  in  1874,  by  Clark  and  Smith,  and  after  sev- 
eral changes  came  into  the  possession  of  R.  M. 
Pratt  &  Co..  the  present  iiroprietors.  It  is  in 
size,  30  X  40  feet,  and  two  stories  high  above  the 
ba.sement,  with  an  addition  foi'  ollices  and  ware- 
rooms,  25x18  feet.  Its  machinery  consists  of 
live  runs  of  stone,  live  middlings  puriliers,  be- 
sides the  necessary  minor  machinery.  It  is  driv- 
en by  an  .\mcricau  turbine  wheel.  I'orty-two 
inches  in  diamcler.  of  seventy-live  horse-power. 
Its  capacity  is  forty  barrels  jier  day. 

VlLI,.\(ilC  (II    (   II  AMI'LIN. 

Joseph  Holt  laid  out  a  village  on  Ibc  west 
bank  of  the  river,  and  had  it  surveye(l  mikI  plat- 
ted by  Hugh  Spence.  'I'lils  was  in  18o3.  A 
hotel  was  erected  in  1h.).').  hv  (Jeoige  Hollins.  and 


opened  by  Hugh  Spence.  Several  changes  in 
ownership  have  since  taken  place.  It  is  now 
conducted  by  F.  Thorndyke.  The  first  store  was 
opened  by  J.  B.  Holt,  in  1856.  The  post-offlce 
was  established  in  1858.  with  J.  B.  Holt  as  post- 
master, (jeorge  Hills  now  occupies  that  ollice. 
There  are  three  stores,  with  stocks  of  general 
merchandise,  three  blacksmith  shops,  two  wagon 
shops,  one  goldsmith,  one  millinery,  and  one 
flouring  mill.  The  assessed  valuation  in  18so. 
of  town  lots  and  structures  thereon,  was  S7,302. 
The  nearest  railway  point  for  citizens  of  Cham- 
plin  township,  is  Anoka,  directly  opposite  the 
village  of  Champlin,  and  connected  with  it  by 
ferry  across  the  Mississippi  ^river.  At  one  time, 
steamboats  plied  on  the  river,  landing  at  Cham- 
plin ;  the  river  is  not  navigated  regularly  at  the 
present  time. 

]!i(»;l!Al'lII(AL. 

Colliy  Kmery,  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  in 
Champlin.  was  born  in  1822.  in  Oxford  county. 
.Maine,  where  he  resided,  with  the  exception  of 
some  time  passed  in  the  hotel  business  in  Boston 
and  Xew  Vork.  until  18.")3,  when  he  came  to  Min- 
nesota. He  at  once  pre-empted  a  claim  of  100 
aci'es.  and  has  since  resided  in  this  town  engaged 
in  fanning.  He  now  owns  12(1  acres  of  line  land. 
He  was  married.  .Iul>  2,  bsoo.  to  Ruth  Blaisdell. 
of  Tamworth  Iron  W'oiks.  Carroll  coiuily.  Xew 
Hampshire.  She  died.  .laiiiiary.  1875.  The  fam- 
ily record  is.  James  H..  born  in  ls5ii:  Charles  E.. 
1857:  ZenusB.. 1803.  died  1870:  .\nna  (;..born  1809. 

AVilliain  Fullerlon  was  born  at  Hopewell, 
Maryland,  in  1819.  IIis])arents removed  to  Penn- 
sylvania when  he  was  two  years  of  age.  and  he 
remained  there  until  1833,  when  he  removed  to 
Ohio,  residing  in  Lower  Sandusky  four  years, 
and  in  I-ucas  county,  until  Isiiii.  euii>loying  him- 
self in  carpenter  work  and  farming.  In  the 
s])ring  of  1804.  he  enlisted  in  Company  (i.  First 
Ohio  Sharpshooters,  and  was  afterwards  attached 
to  the  lilltli  Ohio.  He  was  wounded  in  the  hand, 
losing  a  linger  at  Petersburgh.  ^■il■ginia.  in  lMi4. 
and  was  honorably  discharged  at  Washington. 
I).  C..  in  1M)5.  In  Isiiti  he  came  to  ('lianii>lin. 
where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was  manie(l  in 
1848.  to  .Martha  Crosby,  ol'  Ohio.  Tliey  have 
four  children. 

.1.  B.  Hinkley  wa^llo^ll  in  (leanga  county.  Ohio, 
ill   Isis.     lie   rccciviMl  his  eihicalion  at  the  (ien- 


CHAMPLIN— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


30L 


esee  Western  Seminaiv,  near  Rocliester,  New 
York,  graduating  m  1839.  He  then  began  teach- 
ing winters,  passing  liis  summers  on  a  farm.  In 
18.54  lie  came  to  Hennepin  county,  and  resided  in 
Minneapolis  one  year,  then  removed  to  Dayton 
township  where  he  took  a  claim  of  Kid  acres  near 
Diamond  Lake,  remaining  there  nine  years.  In 
IS-JT  and  ls.j8  Mr.  Ilinkley  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature,  diu'ing  which  time,  Minnesota  was  ad- 
mitted as  a  state.  He  held  the  office  of  County 
Commissioner  a  number  of  years,  and  had  charge 
of  the  county  poor  farm  for  three  years,  dating 
from  1864.  He  then  returned  to  ^Minneapolis 
where  he  remained  until  1873,  when  he  came  to 
Cliamplin  and  lias  since  resided  here,  engaged  in 
farming.  Mr.  Ilinkley  lias  held  the  office  of 
justice  of  the  peace,  excepting  a  short  time,  since 
he  came  to  this  county,  and  was  census  enum- 
erator of  Dayton  township  in  1880.  He  was 
married  in  1844  to  Miss  S.  S.  Moore.  They  liave 
two  children. 

Robert  II.  Miller,  is  a  native  of  Oxford  county, 
Maine,  where  he  remained  until  twenty-three 
years  of  age  ;  then  removed  to  New  Hampshire. 
He  was  married  in  Conway,  New  Hampshire, 
January,  1848,  to  Sarah  R.  Hill,  and  removed  to 
Waterford,  Maine,  where  their  only  living  sou, 
Orange  S.,  was  born  September  6tli,  1849.  In 
1852,  Mr.  Miller  came  to  St.  Anthony,  ilimiesota, 
where  he  remained  one  year,  thence  to  Anoka 
and  after  a  few  months  residence  there,  made  a 
claim  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  in  what  is  now 
Dayton.  In  1856  he  came  to  Champlin  and 
bought  a  number  of  town  lots,  also  the  hotel  now 
owned  by  Mr.  Thorndyke,  which  he  conducted 
for  seven  years.  When  he  first  came  to  lilinne- 
sota  he  made  a  scpiatters  claim,  on  the  west  side 
of  the  river,  the  present  site  of  Minneapolis. 
Mr.  JSIiller  learned  the  trade  of  carriage  maker, 
iu  Maine,  which  Inisiness  he  engaged  in  for  many 
years  in  Champlin.  He  held  the  office  of  post- 
master from  1860  to  1867.  The  son.  Orange  S., 
resides  with  his  parents.  He  was  married  to 
Miss  Mary  E.  Wiley.    They  have  one  son. 

G.  D.  Miars  is  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia  where 
he  was  born  in  1816.  At  the  age  of  eleven  years 
he  went  to  sea  and  followed  that  occupation  four- 
teen years.  He  then  resided  in  Canada  three 
years,  and  in  Maine,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
farming.     He  came  to  Hennepin  county  in  1856 


and  purchased  a  claim  of  eighty  acres  in  the  town 
of  Crystal  Lake.  In  1866  he  removed  to  Anoka 
county,  and  three  years  later  came  to  Champlin, 
where  he  has  since  resided,  engaged  in  the  pur- 
suit of  farming.  He  was  married  in  18.52.  to  Sy- 
rene  Pratt,  a  native  of  Penobscot  county.  Maine. 
They  have  had  nine  children,  eight  of  whom  are 
living. 

Turner  Fribble  was  born  in  Kennebec  county, 
Maine,  July  4th,  1836.  At  the  age  of  twenty,  he 
came  to  Hennepin  county,  locating  in  the  town 
of  Brooklyn.  In  1860  he  purcliased  a  farm  of 
lifty-tive  acres,  which  he  disposed  of  in  1865,  and 
the  next  year  bought  forty  acres  in  the  same 
town.  He  resided  in  Brooklyn  until  1877,  ex- 
cepting the  time  he  was  absent  in  the  army.  In 
April,  1861  he  enlisted  for  tliree  months,  and  re- 
enlisted  November,  1861  in  the  First  Minnesota 
Infantry.  At  Petersburg,  Virginia,  he  was  ta- 
ken prisoner  and  held  ten  months.  He  was  hon- 
(u-ably  discharged  July  20th,  1865.  He  came  to 
Champlain  in  1877  and  has  resided  here  since,  en- 
gaged in  farming.  He  was  married  in  1870,  to 
Leila  A.  Coy,  who  was  born  in  Maine  in  1851. 
They  have  one  child,  Martha  Irene  born  in  1875. 

J.  W.  Reeves  was  born  in  Butler  county,  Ohio, 
in  1842,  and  remained  in  his  native  state  until 
1865,  when  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  located  in 
Ramsey  county,  near  St.  Paul.  In  1877  he  came 
to  Champlin,  purchased  a  farm  of  forty  acres, 
and  has  since  resided  in  this  town.  In  1863,  Mr. 
Reeves  enlisted  in  Company  D,  2d  Ohio  Heavy 
Artillery,  and  served  until  honorably  discharged, 
in  1865,  coming  west  the  same  year. 

J.  H.  Trussel  is  a  native  of  New  Hampshire, 
born  in  New  London,  Merrimac  county,  Septem- 
ber 26tli,  1828.  He  resided  in  his  native  town  ten 
years,  then  to  Wilmot,  N.  II.,  and  remamed 
there  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  when  he  went 
t<i  Concord,  and  remained  five  years.  In  the  fall 
of  1855,  he  came  to  Hennepin  county,  and  made 
a  claim  of  160  acres  in  Brookl>  n.  Remained  on 
it  one  year;  then  removed  to  Champlin.  where  he 
has  since  resided.  In  1871,  he  sold  his  farm  in 
Brooklyn.  He  has  held  the  office  of  Supervisor 
several  times,  also  Assessor  and  Treasurer.  Mar- 
ried, m  1857,  Mary  E.  Hill,  who  was  born  in  Car- 
roll county.  New  Hampshire,  in  1831,  and  came 
with  her  parents  to  this  comity  in  1853.  They 
have  had  five  cluldren,  three  of  whom  are  livuig. 


302 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


DAYTON 


CIlAl'TKl!  XLA'III. 

GENKKAL  DESCIUPTIUN— FIUST  .SETTLKMENT— 
TOW X  O RG  ANIZATION— VI LLAGES— SCHOOLS- 
MILLS— OFFICEKS—BlOtiHAI'HKAL. 

Dayton  is  situated  in  the  extreme  lunlherii  part 
of  llennejiin  county.     It  is  bounded  on  tlie  north 
l)y  tlie  MissiHsipi>i  Hiver,  eastby  Clianiphn,  south 
l)y    Maple    Grove,    and    west    by    Hassan   and 
Wright  county.     Its  surface  is  rolHng  :  in  some 
portions  of   tlie   town  there  is  a  succession  of 
roun<h'd  elevations,  amount ing  to  hills  in  some 
instances.  It  is  well  timbered, with  a  heavy  growth 
of  maple,  oak,  basswood,  and  elm,  excepting  in 
the  northeast,  where  it  includes  a  part  of  Long 
Prairie,  extending  west   from   Champlin.    The 
soil  is  a  deep,  black  loam,  lying  upon  a  mag- 
nesium   limestone,  which   underlies  tlie   whole 
town  excepting  in  the  north-eastern  iiarl.  wliere 
the  St.  Peter  sandstone  is  found  in  a  narrow  belt 
along  the  river.    The  north-eastern  boundary  is 
formed  by   tlie  Mississippi   River,  whose  high 
bluffs  tower  a  hundred  feet  above  the  majestic 
river  that  washes  their  liase.    Tlie  northern  part 
of  the  western  boundary  is  washed  by  the  Crow 
River,  which  cmi>lies  into  the  Mississippi  at  Day- 
ton village. 

Diamond  Lake,  on  sections  17  and  is,  is  the 
largest  body  of  water  in  the  town.  It  was  named 
DiamoiKl  on  account  of  the  purity  of  its  water. 
French  Lake.the  next  in  size,  located  on  secti(Uis 
li)  and  :io.  took  ilsname  from  a  Piench  setllenieut 
near  it.  in  an  early  day.  The  smaller  lakes  are 
Lura,  on  seclion  2, and  Poweis.  on  section  34.  A 
small  creek  rises  in  Diamond  I,akeaiid  Hows  east- 
erly across  the  town,  and  emiilies  iiiln  llavdcirs 
Lalic.  whi<h  is  located  on  section  i;i>. 

K 1 1 !  ST   S  1;TT  L  E  M  K  N  1' 

Paul  (iodine  is  supposed  to  be  the  oldest  living 
settler    in    the    town.      lb-     is     a     I'lcncliman 


by  birth,  and  settled  bcre  in  1S.")1.  He  was  a 
man  of  some  notoriety  among  the  Indians  in 
those  early  days,  wielding  a  magical  kind  of 
influence  over  them,  whicli  at  times  was  so  potent 
that  he  could  chastise  them  with  his  fist  or  club 
or  any  other  article  which  came  first  to  hand,  as 
occasion  recinired,  and  they  would  quietly  submit 
to  it,  and  continue  to  traile  with  him.  They  look- 
ed upon  him  through  the  dim  light  of  their  un- 
tutored minds,  as  an  avenging  spirit,  sent  upon 
them  by  the  "(ireat  Spirit."  hence  their  submis- 
sion. 

John  \'eine  made  a  claim  where  the  village  of 
Dayton  now  stands,  and  built  a  small  cabin  on  it 
in  1853,  which  he  sold  to  E.  II.  Kobiuson  in  1854, 
who  used  it  for  a  trading  iiosl.  trading  almost 
entirely  with  the  Indians  who  were  principally 
Chippewas. 

Marcelles  Bonlee.  Benj  LeveilUer,  and  others, 
settled  along  the  river  in  1 853.  Soon  after,  a  few 
French  families  settled  on  or  near  the  Lake 
named  French  Lake,  whose  names  were  Daniel 
Lavallee,  Anthony  (iclinas,  Louis  Bibeault,  Moses 
Desjarlais.  Joel  Desjarlais.  Fabien  Desjarlais 
and  Kilward  (ireenwood.  Other  portions  of  the 
town  were  settled  soon  after,  by  the  Freiuli. 

A  hotel  was  built  at  Dayton  in  1854.  liy  James 
Ilasellon  and  (ieorge  Mosier.  situated  on  the 
bank  of  llie  main  river.  It  was  moved  at  a  later 
period,  to  its  inesenl  site  on  higher  groun<l,  and 
is  now  owneil  and  occupied  as  a  hotel  by  (ieorge 
Slater,  who  settled  here  in  IKoii. 

Neil  McNeil  was  one  of  tlie  early  settlers,  who 
came  to  Dayton  and  took  at  once,  a  front  rank  in 
I  shaping  the  business  <if  the  infant  settlement. 
For  three  years,  he  had  the  entire  control  of  Ly- 
man Daytons  liusiness.  bis  intelligent  brain, 
directed  by  a  master  hand,  was  felt  in  every 
thing  he  touched.  Not  only  was  his  genius  felt 
in  civil  lil'e.  l>nl  lii'  madr  it  fi'lt  in  military  tactics 
;ilsn:  shdwim:  liiniscll  iKit  an  unworthy  descend- 


DA  YTON—EARL  Y  E  VENTS— CHURCHES. 


303 


ent  of  that  race  whose  prowess,  like  Brace's,  has 
adorned  and  embellished  the  pages  of  Scottish 
history.  When  the  Indian  outbreak,  in  1862, 
burst  upon  the  frightened  settlers,  carrying 
rapine  and  butchery  in  its  gory  track,  he  left 
the  peaceful  pursuits  of  life,  and  aidefl  by  that 
determined  look  which  the  earnest  man  car- 
ries, raised  a  squad  of  men  and  hastened  to  join 
Captain  Stroufs  command.  They  marched  to 
the  seat  of  war  through  Forest  City  to  Acton, 
where  they  met  the  "  Bloody  Devils,''  and  gave 
them  fight.  lie  there  received  a  woinid  through 
liis  right  arm,  but  with  his  spartan  band  of  sixty- 
four,  fighting  for  their  firesides,  and  the  little 
prattlers  around  them,  thought  not  of  the  eiglit 
hundred  fiends  they  were  fighting,  all  the  way 
from  Acton  to  Hutchinson.  Before  reaching 
Hutchinson,  they  were  reinforced,  adding  more 
strength,  but  no  more  courage;  when  they  made 
a  Waterloo,  scattering  the  Indians  in  every  di- 
rection. Returning  from  the  Indian  war,  and 
with  a  country  still  imperiled,  he  joined  Gen. 
Thomas'  command  in  1863,  and  remained  until 
honorably  discharged,  when  he  returned  again  to 
Dayton  and  engaged  in  the  more  congenial  and 
peaceful  pursuits  of  life,  enjoying  the  confidence 
of  his  fellow-citizens,  filling  the  ofiice  of  super- 
visor for  ten  years,  and  constable  seven  years. 
He  was  the  first  constable  elected  in  the  town. 

In  18.55,  A.  C.  Kimball  settled  near  French 
Lake,  on  the  north  shore,  and  was  the  first 
American  settler  back  from  the  river.  He  re- 
lates the  fact,  that  the  Chippewa  Indians  passed 
near  his  home  on  their  way  to  the  fight  near 
Shakopee,  in  May,  1858,  with  their  old  enemies 
the  Sioux.  They  came  down  the  Mississippi 
River  and  went  aljout  a  mile  up  the  Crow  River, 
took  their  canoes  ashore,  sold  two  or  three  to  the 
settlers,  and  destroyed  the  rest. 

EARLY   EVENTS. 

In  18.56,  E.  H.  Robinson  built  a  blacksmith 
shoji  for  his  own  business,  doing  some  custom 
work  for  his  few  neighbors.  The  same  year,  he 
and  his  partner,  John  Baxter,  built  a  steam  saw- 
mill on  the  banks  of  the  ^lississippi  River  be- 
low the  mouth  of  the  Crow  River,  which  was  the 
first  saw-mill  built  in  the  town. 

The  first  religious  services  in  town,  were  held 
at  the  house  of  J.  B.  Hinkley,  in  the  summer  of 


1855,  by  the  Rev.  Winthrop  Ilayden.  The  next 
services  were  held  at  the  house  of  J.  B.  Hinkley 
in  1855;  sermon  by  David  Brooks. 

The  first  white  cliild  born,  was  George  Dayton 
Slater,  September,  18-56,  who  died  at  the  age  of 
four  years. 

The  first  death  was  a  Mr.  Twombly,  who  was 
killed  hy  the  falling  limb  of  a  tree.  Tlie  second 
death  was  Job  Green,  an  old  man,  who  died  in 
1857,  and  was  buried  by  the  roadside,  and  subse- 
quently removed  to  the  cemetery,  m  the  east  part 
of  the  village  plat,  iipon  its  establishment  in  1858. 

The  first  marriage  was  that  of  E.  H.  Robinson 
to  Mrs.  Sarah  L.  Gardner,  June  29th.  18-56. 

J.  B.  Hinkley  was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace. 
He  was  appointed  by  the  territorial  government. 
He  was  also  the  first  representative  from  his  dis- 
trict to  the  legislature  elected  in  1857,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  forming  the  state  government. 

The  "  Five  Million  Loan  Bill  "  was  voted  on  by 
the  town,  in  the  spring  of  1858,  and  carried  V>y  a 
decided  majority. 

The  first  post  office  was  established  in  1855, 
and  J.  Baxter  appointed  post  master.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  Hinkley,  in  1856,  who  made 
R.  R.  Hurllnit  deputy  for  two  years.  Hurl- 
but  was  then  appointed  post  master,  and  remained 
in  office  several  years. 

The  first  school  was  taught  in  the  summer  of 
1857,  by  Miss  Cynthia  Slater,  on  the  west  side  of 
Crow  River.  The  water,  washing  the  bridge 
away,  the  scholars  could  not  cross,  and  she  moved 
to  ]Mr.  Hinkley 's,  and  later,  to  Mr.  Baxter's  house, 
where  the  term  was  finished. 

CHURCHES. 

The  French  Catholic  Church  was  organized  in 
1857,  and  a  church  built  the  same  year,  on  the 
farm  of  Paul  Godine,  section  5.  Father  Jennis 
ofliciated  at  the  organization.  In  1862,  Father 
Nicholas  supplied  the  church  for  a  time.  In 
1865,  the  society  commenced  the  erection  of  a 
larger  cluirch,  in  the  village  of  Dayton,  and  com- 
pleted it  in  186G.  It  is -50x75  feet.  The  society  con- 
tains one  hundred  and  twenty  families.  Father 
Morrell  has  officiated  since  1866,  and  closed  his 
labors  in  the  fall  of  1880.  The  society  has  a 
cemetery  of  about  two  acres,  located  on  the  north- 
west corner  of  section  8. 


oll-l 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


TOWN  ORGANIZATION. 

Davtiui  ;iiiii  Cliaiiiiiliii.  were  Immcrly  organized 
as  a  votiiif;  ineciiu-l.  and  lalleil  .Maisliall.  II  was 
divided  in  ISoS.  and  tlienanie  ot  Daylou  adopted, 
in  honor  of  Mr.  Lyman  Dayton.  Tlie  meeting 
for  tlie  oriianizalion  of  the  town,  was  held  at 
ChaniiOin.  May  lllh.  I808.  Elected  for  Suj)er- 
visors.  .\.  ('.  l\inil)all.  cliairman.  ^\  .  II.  Ed- 
wards. J.  1).  II.  llcrvcy:  Town  Clerk,  .loliu  Bax- 
ter: Assessor.  .1.  .M.  Thompson;  Collector,  "W.  P. 
Ives;  Overseer  of  Poor,  Daniel  Fife:  Justices  of 
the  Peace.  1).  L.  Ilerrick  and  .\lvali  Hills:  Con- 
staliles.  .1.  Downs  and  .\.  .M.  Kiniliall.  .\fter 
the  election  of  ollicers  and  other  business  inci- 
dent to  the  new  orjiani/.alion,  and  the  change  of 
the  name  of  the  town,  the  amicalile  settlement 
of  the  (jnestion  at  one  time  appeared  very  for- 
midalile.  adjourned  to  exchange  nnitual  congrat- 
idations  over  the  successful  issue. 

\ILLAGES. 

There  were  three  town  sites  selected,  hut  not 
laid  oul.  liut  claimed,  and  hel<l  with  the  inten- 
tion of  making  plats.  Watcrvillc.  held  by 
Charles  Aydt.  was  located  mostly  on  llie  west 
side,  and  included  the  site  where  tlie  jn-esent  saw 
mill  is  located.  I'ortlanil  was  claimed  by  Robin- 
son and  Uaxler,  and  included  the  site  on  wliicli 
the  i)resent  village  is  located.  Lyman  payton  had 
eighty  acres  south  of  tlie  present  village,  and  had 
it  platted  ami  surveyed,  but  afterwards  vacated. 
The  piesent  village  was  lirst  platted  in  185-3,  and 
again  in  bSoii.  reducing  lots  from  one-ipiarter  to 
one-eighlh  of  an  acre  in  a  lot.  owing  to  the 
advance  in  the  price  of  land.  Tlie  platting  was 
done  by  Lyman  Dayton  wlio  liad  bought  of  Koh- 
iiisoii  and  liaxter  an  undivided  lialf  of  the  town 
site.  This  settled  the  location  of  the  village,  hut 
tlie  more  dilliciilt  question  was  yet  to  come,  that 
of  naming  it.  .Mr.  Dayton  and  liis  fricnils 
desire(l  to  call  it  Dayton,  while  tliat  part  nf  llu' 
settlers  wlio  came  from  .Maine,  were  as  anxious 
to  call  it  Portland,  lioth  Jiarties  feh  Dieir  aliil- 
ity  anil  sticiiglli  to  call  it  b.\  tlieir  clioseu  name. 
wliilsl  eacli  doubled  tlie  others  strenglli.  and  a 
meeting  was  called  to  settle  llic  vexed  question 
by  vote.  Oil  the  day  ai>)>oinled.  the  "liosls"  were 
maixlialled.  but  justice  always  recedes  liefore 
iulvaiicing  force,  and  llie  "  Dayton  "  party  proved 
loo  strong  for  tlie  "  .Mainites."and  named  it  Day- 


ton, in  1868.  This  is  the  only  village  in  the 
town,  and  includes  a  small  plat  of  ground  on  the 
opposite  bank  ol  Crow  river,  in  Wright  county, 
and  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  tlie  Mississip- 
pi and  Crow  rivers.  It  is  a  nourishing  village, 
containiirg  three  stores,  carrying  a  general  stock 
of  goods.  E.  O.  Perkins's  being  the  largest ;  three 
black.smitli  sliops.  one  furniture  and  carriage 
shop,  one  millinery  eslablisluiienl.  where  the 
latest  fashions  are  tastefully  disjilayed.  two  Imot 
and  shoe  establishments,  two  cariienters.  who 
•'  know  how  to  make  a  house,"  two  meat  mar- 
kets, one  lumber  mill,  one  tannery,  a  brick- 
yard and  a  iiost-oflice.  with  \V.  D.  P.rimmer  for 
postmaster. 

The  second  iiost-ollice  was  established  in  the 
South-west  part  of  the  town  aViout  bsiili,  and 
called  "  Maple  Grove."  a  .Mr.  Permit  being  ap- 
jiointed  post-master. 

SCHOOLS. 

The  lirst  male  teadier  was  Thomas  .McLeod. 
who  taught  after  tlie  organization  of  the  town,  in 
the  winter  of  l>S.59-(iO.  The  lirst  school  was 
taught  in  a  vacant  store-room  built  by  E.B.Ames, 
of  jSIinneapolis.  who  failed  in  trade,  and  the  room 
was  used  till  1S68,  when  the  present  village 
school  building  was  erected,  in  the  village  of  Day- 
ton. Besides  this,  there  are  four  school  build- 
ings, all  in  good  condition,  located  as  follows: 
School  No.  37,  on  section  14  ;  2so.  41.  on  section 
29;  No.  40,  on  section  7  :  and  Xo.  :->ii.  on  section 
28.     Two  joint  districts  are  included  in  the  above. 

MILLS. 

The  Ila_\ton  lloiii-niill  was  lirst  built  b>  Frank 
Weitzel  in  Isuo,  for  a  tlirce  run  cusloin  mill.  In 
1874  he  built  a  new  merchant  mill  with  t\\v  runs. 
■3.5x0,5  feet,  three-stories  and  basiiiiiiit.  lie  xild 
a  half  interest  to  W.  F.  llnilluit,  and  in  ls7s 
sold  his  remaining  inlcicst  to  \l.  \l.  Ilnrlbiit.  In 
IS7II  the  lirni  of  Ilni Mint  anil  son  built  an  addi- 
tion L'Ox-jO  feet,  with  two  riiusot  stone  for  a  cus- 
tom mill.  They  have  added  all  the  late  ini- 
luovements.  making  it  a  lirsl-class  .Merchant  and 
Custom  mill,  with  a  reputation  second  to  none. 
'I'lir  mill  gives  emploMMi-iil  to  iwenty-six  men. 

\V.  1).  Brimmer,  has  a  Saw-mill  and  Slave 
Factory,  located  on  the  Crow  river,  and  is  now 
using  the  steam  machinery.  |iut  in  by  Hobiiison  in 
18(!(l:  sujiposed  to  be  the  first   in   the  north-west. 


BA  YTON—BIOGBAPHWAL. 


305 


OFFICIAL  ROSTER. 

The  present  town  officers  are,  Supervisors,  A. 
C.  Kimball,  chairman,  C.  E.  Evans,  and  M.  F. 
Taj'lor ;  Town  Clerk,  C.  F.  Dugas  ;  Assessor,  11. 
F.  Taylor ;  Treasurer,  Henry  Duhlheimer ;  Jus- 
tices of  the  Peace,  C.  E.  Evans  and  Nicholas 
Engel;  Constables,  Albert  Lewis  and  A.  A. 
Laflin. 

A  Town  House  was  built  in  1873  at  the  cross- 
roads in  south  part  of  section  17,  size  20x30  feet. 
The  Cemetery  is  located  in  the  south-west  corner 
of  secton  8. 

The  town  has  14,811  acres  with  a  land  valua- 
ation  of  SI 70.220.  Valuation  of  personal  prop- 
erty, $42,096.  Town  lots,  $7,384.  Taxes  for 
1880,  from  the  above  valuations,  $2,58.5. 

The  population  of  the  township,  uicluding  the 
village  is  698. 

liKXiRAPIIICAL. 

William  Dugas,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Hen- 
nepin county,  was  born  at  Three  Rivers,  Canada, 
May  17tli,  1809.  He  learned  the  trade  of  mill- 
wright, and  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  went  to 
New  York  city,  then  started  for  Africa,  engag- 
ing as  shiji-cariienter.  At  New  Orleans  he  al)an- 
doned  the  trip,  as  his  ship  did  not  sail.  He  then 
came  up  the  Mississippi  river  to  Saint  Louis, 
thence  to  Chicago,  and  after  a  stay  there  of  four 
years,  went  to  Council  Blulfs,  Iowa,  via.  the 
Missouri  river,  with  Bourl)onais,  who  had  charge 
of  the  Pottawattamie  Indians.  Then  returned 
to  Chicago,  and  had  charge  of  a  crew  of  men  on 
the  canal  then  being  opened  there.  Three  years 
later,  he  removed  to  Galena,  Illinois,  and  then 
went  to  Prarie  du  Cliien,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
married  Sophia  Stromni,  who  died  twenty-one 
months  later,  leaving  one  child.  Charles,  who  is 
now  town  clerk  of  Dayton.  In  the  spring  of 
1844  he  removed  to  Saint  Paul,  where  he  re- 
mained over  two  years,  and  married,  in  January. 
1846,  Miss  Susanna  Ilaiche.  The  same  year  he 
made  a  claim  at  Saint  Anthony,  near  Cheever's 
claim,  which  he  afterwards  sold  to  Franklin 
Steele.  He  returned  to  Saint  Paul  in  May,  1849, 
and  was  elected  to  tiie  Territorial  Legislature 
the  following  fall.  After  remaining  in  Saint 
Paul  two  years,  engaged  in  the  hotel  business, 
he  sold  out,  returned  to  Saint  ^Uithony,  and  es- 

tablislied  a  ferrs    about  half  a  mile  above   the 
20 


present  upper  bridge.  He,  and  others,  procured 
a  charter  for  a  bridge,  but  it  was  not  built.  In 
1857  he  sold  the  ferry  and  moved  to  Bottineau 
Pi'airie,  and  engaged  in  farming  until  1866,  when 
he  removed  to  Dayton,  ^\■llere  he  has  since  re- 
sided. His  second  wife  bore  him  three  children, 
two  of  whom  are  living:  John,  aged  twenty-three 
and  Louis,  aged  twenty-one. 

Nicholas  Engel  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1820. 
Learned  the  trade  of  shoemaking.  He  was 
drafted  mto  the  army  at  twenty,  and  served  two 
years.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1852,  and 
settled  at  Port  Washington,  Wisconsin,  working 
at  his  trade.  Moved  to  Plattsmouth,  Nebraska, 
in  1858,  and  followed  his  trade.  In  1875,  went  to 
Frankfort,  Wright  county,  and  in  1876  came  to 
Dayton.  Has  held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  tw(j  years.  Married,  in  1863.  to  Cath- 
arine Schluentz.  They  have  had  live  children, 
four  are  now  living. 

F.  Gamache,  born  in  Canada,  in  1830.  Moved 
to  Michigan  in  1850,  and  engaged  in  mining,  three 
years.  He  located  on  liis  present  farm  in  1854. 
Married,  in  1852,  Margaret  Gandrow,  who  died 
in  1864.  He  was  married  again,  in  1867,  to  Julia 
Lambert.  They  have  had  eight  children.  He 
has  lieen  Town  Supervisor  and  School  Director. 
He  is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  town.  His,  was 
the  first  team  In'ought  to  Dayton. 

R.  R.  llurlbut,  born  in  Vermont,  in  1830.  Fol- 
lowed railroading  when  young.  He  was  married 
in  1852,  to  Mary  Stebbins,  and  moved  to  Minneso- 
ta in  1855.  Located  in  Hassan  for  one  year; 
thence  to  Dayton,  where  he  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile business  for  two  years.  Located  where  he  now 
lives  in  1870 — a  fine  location  in  W'right  coimty, 
opposite  Dayton.  Purchased,  in  1878,  one-half 
interest  in  the  Dayton  Flour  Mills,  which,  with  his 
farm,  occupies  his  entire  attention.  He  has  two 
children  :  AVilliam  F.  and  Rodman  R. 

AVilliam  F.  Hurlbut,  son  of  ]?.  R.  llurlbut,  was 
born  in  Vermont,  in  1853.  He  remained  with 
his  parents  until  1870,  when  he  entered  the  State 
I'niversity  at  Minneapolis,  at  the  .same  time  tak- 
ing a  commercial  course.  Returned  to  Dayton 
in  1874  and  purchased  alialf  interest  in  the  Day- 
ton Flour  Mills,  and  also  carried  on  a  general 
merchandizing  business  in  coiuiection  with  his 
milling.  In  1880  he  married  Jennie  E.  Nixon,  of 
Pennsylvania. 


306 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


N.  McXeil  was  bom  in  Scotland,  in  1830.  In 
1831  he  emigrated  with  his  parents  to  America. 
He  moved  to  Boston,  Massachusetts,  in  18-52, 
and  worked  three  years  in  the  Xavy  Yard. 
Moved  to  Minnesota  in  1856,  and  hved  in  St. 
Paul  one  year,  when  lie  moved  to  Dayton  and 
worked  seven  years  for  Lyman  Dayton.  In  1863, 
joined  Gen.  Thomas"  command,  was  mustered  out 
in  186.5,  and  returned  to  Dayton  and  engaged  in 
the  stock  business.  He  married,  in  1857,  Sarah 
Sweeney.  Tlicy  have  had  nine  children.  Mr. 
McNeil  held  the  ofUce  of  Supervisor  ten  years, 
and  was  Constable  for  seven  years. 

Charles  Mayer  was  born  in  Geiinany,  in  1818, 
where  he  taught  school  for  twenty  years.  He 
emigrated  to  America  in  1856,  and  settled  in 
St.  Bernard.  Oliio,  and  taught  school  two  years; 
then  tiiughl  eight  years  in  Johnstown,  Pennsylva- 
nia, four  years  at  Utica,  and  three  years  in  Jeffer- 
son City,  Missouri.  He  is  the  organist  at  the  Cath- 
(ilic  church  in  Dayton,  and  also  teaches  music. 
Married  the  first  time,  in  1842,  to  Veronica  Sei- 
lierlich,  who  died  in  1856.  Married  again  to,  Kate 
(Jberle.    He  has  six  cliildren  living. 

George  Slater,  burn  in  Kngland.  in  1821.  Em- 
igrated to  America,  and  settled  in  (iloversville, 
Fulton  county,  New  York,  in  1824.  Worked  at 
glove-making  for  twenty  years.  Moved  to  Min- 
nesota, and  settled  in  Dayton,  in  18-56,  and  com- 
menced the  man>il'acture  of  gloves  and  mittens. 
Enlisted  in  Company  C,  Independent  Battalion, 
imder  General  Hatch,  in  1864,  and  was  ordered 
to  the  frontier.  Was  mustered  out  in  1865.  Re- 
luincd  to  Dayton,  and  opened  his  farm.  His 
health  failing,  he  purchased  the  hotel  which  he 
now  keeps.  Married,  in  1 845,  to  Catharuie  Kelly. 
They  have  four  children  now  living.  :Mr.  Slater 
louiid  many  relics  near  tlic  junction  of  the  Crow 
and  Mississi])iii  rivers,  which  indicated  that 
there  had  been,  at  some  time.  :\  I'n-ni'li  or  SpMii- 
ish  settlement  at  that  jioinl. 

Abraham  'i'woinbley  was  born  in  Canada,  in 
1808.  Moved  to  Cliamplain,  New  York.  Lived 
there  several  years.  Married,  at  twenty-two,  to 
Kosabel  Hose.  He  moved  to  Bottineau  Prairie 
in  1K57.  and  lived  with  his  wife  in  a  tent  three 
montlis.  Sold  his  lirst  claim  on  the  I'rairie,  and 
lK>uglit  one  in  the  woods,  where  he  has  since 
li\ed.     Mr.  and   Mrs.  T.  Celebrated  their  golden 


wedding,  November  8th,  1880.    They  have  108 
children  and  gi'andchildren. 

E.  H.  Robinson,  a  native  of  Gardiner,  Maine, 
was  born  in  1829.  He  remained  with  his  par- 
ents on  the  farm,  until  seventeen  years  of  age ; 
then  learned  the  mason's  trade.  In  1849,  he, 
with  hisljrolher,  moved  to  Wisconsin,  and  worked 
at  his  trade  during  the  summer,  and  in  the  pine- 
ries through  the  winter.  In  the  fall  of  18-50,  he 
returned  to  Maine,  and  the  following  year,  his 
father  and  family  moved  to  Wisconsin,  locating 
in  Portage  county.  In  the  spring  of  18-53,  E.  H. 
came  to  Minneapolis,  and  purchased  twenty-five 
dollars"  worth  of  goods,  which  he  hired  a  French- 
man to  take  up  to  the  mouth  of  Crow  River,  in  a 
canoe.  They  reached  their  destination  in  two 
days,  and  found  but  one  white  man,  John  ^'eine, 
of  whom  he  seciu'ed  the  use  of  a  log  cabin  for  his 
store.  He  opened  a  trade  with  the  Indians, 
whose  reservation  was  on  the  west  side  of  Crow 
River.  In  the  spring  of  1854,  he  succeeded  in 
purchasing  Veine"s  claim,  which  included  the 
site  of  the  ]iresent  village  of  Dayton.  Mr.  \'eine 
left,  and  Mr.  Hobinson  was  for  ten  nioutlis^alone 
with  the  Indians,  at  whose  hands  he  came  near 
losing  his  life,  on  several  occasions.  He  sold 
John  Baxter  one-half  interest  in  his  store,  and  in 
1855.  they  sold  ]..yman  Dayton,  of  St.  Paul,  an 
undivided  interest  in  a  portion  of  their  land.  In 
18.56,  they  sold  Mr.  Dayton  an  interest  in  the 
water-iiower  and  land  adjoining.  In  the  fall  of 
l.s.")(;,  they  erected  a  steam  saw-mill  near  the 
mouth  of  Crow  River.  Soon  after,  Mr.  Hobinson 
bought  his  partner"s  interest  in  the  store,  and  in 
1857,  iKHight  his  interest  in  the  mill,  lie  then 
sold  to  ^Ir.  Dayton  his  entire  interest  in  the 
water-power,  and  the  following  spi-ing,  sold  his 
stock  of  goods.  In  the  tall  of  18-58, he  purchased 
another  stock  of  goods,  and  in  1861.  took  as  part- 
nci- in  the  milling  business,  Frank  Crocker,  and 
continued  thus  two  years,  when  he  bought  Crock- 
er"s  interest,  and  in  1S6H.  sold  the  entire  estab- 
lishment to  a  lirni  who  tailed,  and  the  mill  was 
taken  away.  In  I.s7(i.  he  built  a  new  steam  .saw- 
mil!  near  the  site  of  the  ohl  one.  In  IS77.  he 
sold  the  mill  to  II.  .\.  liennett.  and  it  was  binned 
the  following  year.  Mr.  Uobinsons  wife  was 
Mrs.  Sarah  (Jilson  of  New  York,  whom  he  mar- 
ried in  ls-56.  They  have  had  thrci'  childieu ; 
(ieoigi-  II..  Horace  H.  and  I'raiik  L. 


HASSAN-GENERAL   DESCRIPTION. 


307 


HiiS  SAN. 


CHAPTER   XLIX. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION  —  SETTLEMENT — FIRST 
BIRTH  AND  DEATH— A  PAPER  TOWN— EVENTS 
OF  1856-7-8  —  CHURCHES  —  ORGANIZATION  — 
INDIAN  SCARE  —  OI'TLOOK  —  SAW-3IILL— BIO- 
GRAPHICAL. 

This  is  one  of  the  extreme  nortliem  towns  of 
Hennepin  coiuity,  and  eniljiaces  all  of  townsliip 
120  north,  ranges  23  and  24  west,  lying  east  of 
Crow  River,  coveruig  an  area  of  17,184  acres. 
It  is  washed  by  the  Crow  River  on  the  west  and 
north,  the  stream  making  the  boundai-y  between 
it  and  Wright  comity.  It  was  suiveyed  in  ISoo, 
tlie  first  year  of  its  settlement.  Its  surface  is 
rolling  and  heavily  timbered,  except  Bigelow's 
Prairie,  a  small  tract  of  abont  fifty  acres,  in 
section  16,  on  Crow  river.  Several  tracts  of 
marsh,  or  wild  meadow,  occur  at  intenals 
throughout  the  to\™,  but  are  little  used,  being 
too  soft  for  pasturage,  and  affording  Ijiit  an  indif- 
ferent quality  of  hay.  Peat  bog  is  found  in  most 
of  the  marshy  gnjmid,  wliich  may  yet  give  it  value. 
In  the  uplands,  the  soil  is  a  dark  loam,  with  clay 
subsoil  and  well  adapted  to  general  agricultural 
purposes. 

The  only  streams  in  the  interior  are  Rush  Creek, 
which  flows  througli  the  south-east  comer,  and  a 
small,  mmamed  rivulet  wliich  rises  in  section  22, 
flows  north-west,  and  empties  uito  Crow  River  in 
section  16.  A  stream  shown  upon  the  early  maps, 
in  the  south-west  part  of  the  town,  is  only  a  ra\'ine 
through  which  smface  water  finds  its  way  to  the 
Crow  River  in  times  of  freshet. 

Several  small  lakes  dot  the  sm-face  of  the  town, 
mainly  m  the  western  half,  the  most  noticeable  of 
which  are  here  described.  Sylvan  Lake  lies  hi 
section  20,  and  is  the  largest  body  of  water  in  the 
town.  It  covers  an  area  of  about  two  bundled 
acres,  is  of  more  than  ordinary  depth,  with  sandy 


or  gravelly  margui  on  the  north,  but  soft  along 
the  southern  half.  It  is  well  stocked  with  fish, 
principally  pickerel  and  bass.  Xorth-east  of  this 
is  Cowley,  better  known  as  Parslow's  Lake,  m 
sections  16  and  21.  It  has  sandy  margins  and 
hard  bottom,  but  is  quite  shallow,  and  contains  a 
rank  gro\\th  of  water  i.lants,  which,  though  not 
reaching  the  smiace,  are  too  near  to  admit  of 
trolUng  for  fish,  with  which  its  waters  abound. 

Lake  Harry  lies  mahily  in  the  south-east  comer 
of  section  29,  but  extends  its  waters  to  the  three 
sections  joining  at  this  comer.    It  is  of  in-egular 
shape,  shallow,  with  low,  marshy  shores  on  the 
north,  but  hard  on  the  south.    It  is  destitute  of 
fish,  and  is  gradually  drying  up.    In  1855,  Jasper 
Hawkins,  one  of  the  eariy  settlers  here,  found  a 
fine,  large  canoe  floating  upon  the  waters  of  this 
lake,  w  Inch  incident  has  occasioned  no  little  spec- 
ulation regarding  its  eariy  ownership.    It  was  of 
pine,  nearly  new,  and  neatly  hewn  from  a  sound 
log  or  tree,  and  not  over  an  inch  thick  except  at 
the  pomts.    No  owiier  ever  appeared  to  claim  tliis 
mysterious  craft,  and  pioneer  settlers  disagree  as 
to  its  orighi ;  whether  it  was  of  Indian  manufac- 
ture, or  the  handiwork  of  white  men.    In  any 
event,  it  must  have  been  prepared  m  the  forests 
of    the  upper   Mississippi,  brought    down    that 
stream  and  up  the  Crow  river  several  miles,  and 
dragged  across  the  country  for  not  less  than  one 
and  one-half  miles,  before  launching  upon  the 
shallow  waters  of  this  lake,  which,  as  it  afforded 
no  fishing,  leaves  the  subject  as  much  in  the  dark 
as  ever.    The  old  canoe  is  now  in  a  useless,  half- 
decayed  contlition.  and  partly  buried  in  the  mud 
and  water  of  a  smaller  lake,  appropriately  named 
Mud  Lake,  near  the  residence  of  Mr.  Hawkins  ui 
section  21. 

SETTLEJIENT. 

The  first  settler  in  the  northern  part  of  the  town 
was  Alexander  Borthwick,  who  came  in  1854,  and 
made  his  claim  on  section  12,   and  later,  another 


308 


HISTOUY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


ou  section  1.  the  farm  now  owned  by  Frank 
Weitzel.  He  remained  until  IhtiT,  wlien  he  re- 
moved to  Otsego,  "Wright  county,  and  has  since  re- 
sided tliere.  lie  came  from  St.  Paul  to  Dayton. 
<-rosse(l  the  river  there,  made  his  claim,  and 
hoarded  with  Kohinson  and  Baxter,  through  the 
winter.  Harvey  IIicl<s  came  about  one  month 
later  than  Borthwick.  and  bought  the  latter"s 
chiim  on  section  lli.  lie  Itrought  the  lirst  team 
and  wagon  into  this  town,  coming  up  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river  and  cuttmg  his  road  through  the 
limber.  Dennis  Ford,  Alplieus  Maseny.  and 
.losejili  {rreen  came  the  same  fall.  Maservy  is 
nr)w  in  ilaine  Prairie.  Stearns  county.  In 
^H'M,  Mortimer  and  Patrick  llynes,  Thomas  Hog- 
el's  and  William  Demery.  located  claims  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  town.  John  Mitchell  and 
Sanniel  Gowell  settled  north  of  the  centre.  John 
Keegan.  who  came  the  same  year,  still  resides  in 
the  town.  Others  who  came  about  this  time 
were,  Patrick  Burke  and  Owen  Mc(  'abe.  Among 
those  who  located  in  the  central  and  southern 
l)ortion  of  the  town  in  l>So")  were,  (leorge  and 
Aiiel  ]5igelow,  A.  Woodman  and  Harvey  S. 
Xorton,  who  came  from  Ohio,  and  settled  on  or 
near  section  Ki.  on  the  Crow  river.  Their  claims 
embraced  the  small  jirairie  tract  ])revionsly  re- 
ferred to,  which  gave  it  tlic  name  il  has  since 
borne.  There  were  no  roads  leading  into  this 
wood-land  region  tlien,  and  they  were  forced  to 
cut  their  way  as  they  advanced,  making  Init  slow 
l)rogress,  though  only  stopping  to  remove  such 
ob.stnictions  as  could  neither  be  overcome  or 
avoided.  They  remained  here  but  a  few  years, 
then  removed  to  other  parts.  Ariel  ]?igelow, 
after  about  six  years  I'esidence  here,  icmoved  to 
Mai)le  (irove.  thence  to  Minneapolis,  and  later,  to 
his  former  place  in  Ohio,  lie  subscipiently  re- 
Inriied  to  this  State,  and  is  now  at  Princeton, 
Mille  Lacs  county.  Ceo.  Bigelow  left  his  claim 
here  alK)Ut  the  same  lime,  but  afterwards  re- 
turned and  located  a  little  east  of  llic  did  Idea- 
tion, from  which  lie  soon  after  reninxt  d  to  San- 
tiago, Sherburne  county,  wlicichc  was  dmuncd 
several  years  since. 

Karly  in  the  year,  Jasper  ami  lloiatin  llauk- 
1ns  settled  near  the  central  i>art  of  the  town,  hav- 
ing first  engaged  in  fanning  in  what  Is  now  Crys- 
tal hake.  They  were  from  Kngland.  ami  through 
their   inlbience  olbeis  were  led  tn  seeU  Iuhmcs  in 


this  locality.  Among  them  were  Seiitimns.  Charles 
and  John  Parslow,  the  tirsl  two,  brothers,  the 
latter  their  nephew.  Henry  Ghostly  also  aiTived 
about  tills  time,  and  all  took  claims  in  one  neigh- 
borhood, where  most  of  them  still  reside.  .Vbonl 
this  time  the  names  of  Charles  Tucker  and  James 
and  John  Noon  were  added  to  the  brief  roll  of 
pioneers;  they  came  from  Ohio,  the  former  from 
Cincimiali.  Late  in  the  fall,  Freeman  D.  James 
arrived  from  New  York  and  located  on  section 
fifteen,  where  he  now  resides.  When  he  reached 
Winona,  navigation  suddenly  closed,  and  he  was 
forced  to  pursue  his  journey  on  foot,  which  he 
dill,  coming  by  way  of  St.  Paul  and  Davton. 

K.\KLY   EVENTS. 

First  Birth  and  Death.  The  first  white  chihl 
bi>rn  within  the  limits  of  the  town  was  a  daugh- 
ter, Mary,  born  to  Mr.  and  ^Irs.  Geo.  Bigelow 
soon  after  their  arrival  here.  Her  brief  life  ter- 
minated neai  Christmas  of  that  year;  the  first 
grave  succeeding  the  lirst  cradle. 

A  Paper  Town.  Early  in  the  stimmer  of  ls->"). 
the  excellent  water-power  iii)on  the  Crow  River, 
on  section  thirteen,  attracted  the  notice  of  Harve> 
S.  Norton,  and  suggested  the  founding  of  a  vil- 
lage there.  He  accordingly  employed  a  snrveyoi-. 
and  laid  out  a  town  jilat  of  fair  proportions,  and 
decided  to  name  it  Hassan,  if  it  was  ever  born, 
lint  il  never  was;  and  Uiv  name  remained  un- 
used imtil  the  following  \ear.  when  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  post-ottice,  furnished  an  olijeet  to 
which  it  has  since  attaclieil.  In  the  fall  of  this 
year  occurred  the  lirst  religious  services.  b\  Pe\ . 
J.  S.  Cliaiiilievlaiu.  rector  of  the  Kpiscopal  cliiiii-li 
in  Minncai"ilis. 

i;\ENTS  OK  tH.-jd-H. 

The  first  year  of  pioneer  work  wrought  noticea- 
ble changes  in  this  forest  region.  Cabins  sinang 
up  as  if  by  magic,  and  hajiiiy  homes  and  firesides 
were  seen  on  ever\  hand,  where  before  was  ob- 
served naught  save  the  camplire  of  the  red  man. 
or  the  e\'er-shifting  wigwam,  which  marked  his 
teinporar.N  home. 

With  an  eiicig.\  eliaracteristii'  of  the  stiu'dv 
l)ioneer  element  of  which  this  Cdnninuiity  was 
composed,  a  post-ollice  was  scM-nred  In  the  sum- 
mer of  lH")il.and  Sept inuis  Parslow  received  the 
apiHiintment  of  Postmaster,  the  ollice  being  at 
his  residence  (in  seelidn  twcnl\-one. 


RASSAN— ORGANIZATION-INDIAN  SCARE. 


309 


The  name  designed  for  Norton's  proposed  cHy 
was  here  called  into  requisition,  and  Hassan  was 
i-ecorded  in  the  list  of  frontier  post-offices.  The 
first  mail  was  received  July  4th,  1856,  and  came 
in  good  old  primitive  style— the  carrier  making 
the  trip  on  horsehack. 

About  this  time  the  Territorial  road  from  Min- 
neapolis to  :Monticello  was  opened,  and  the  sad- 
dle soon  gave  place  to  a  wheeled  vehicle,  for  the 
accommodation  of  passengers.  Xot  long  after, 
tri-weekl>-  mail  service  was  secured,  which  has 
since  been  maintained.  The  post  office  is  still 
retained  liv  Mr.  Parslow. 

The  territorial  road  referred  to  was  the  lirst 
legitimate  outlet  for  this  section,  only  "trespass 
roads"  existing  before,  and  they,  neither  numer- 
ous or  in  good  condition. 

In  the  year  185B.  occurred  the  first  marriage  in 
the  town— that  of  Charles  Tucker  and  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Hawkins.  The  ceremon\  was  performed  by 
Rev.  J.  S.  Chamberlain.  They  are  \  et  living  on 
their  original  claim,  in  section  2i. 

The  first  school  was  taught  l)y  Miss  Sarah  Ward, 
in  a  small  log  builduig,  in  the  west  part  of  town. 
not  far  from  the  present  school-house  in  district 
No.  72,  m  the  year  18.57.  She  was  followed  by 
Miss  Helen  Tilton,  the  ne.\t  season. 

In  18o7-'8,  this  young  comnumity.  in  common 
with  others,  suffered  severely  from  the  ravages  of 
grasshoppers,  but  have  since  been  spared  from 
such  amioyance.  In  1858,  with  the  admission  of 
the  state,  the  temtory  now  embraced  in  this  town 
was  designatedl)ytlieCounty  Connnissiouers,  and 
given  its  present  name— Hassan.  The  town  or- 
ganization occurred  two  years  later. 

ST.  JOHN'S  CHUKCH— EI'ISCOPAL. 

This  neat  little  edifice  was  begmi  ui  1858.  but 
not  completed  mitil  a  later  i>eriod.  It  is  located 
in  section  21,  near  Septimus  Parslow's  residence, 
and  upon  gi-ound  donated  by  him  for  that  pur- 
pose. The  tract  included  five  aci-es,  a  portion  of 
whicli  was  set  apart  for  a  cemeter\'.  in  wliicli  liave 
been  twenty-one  interments. 

The  histoi-y  of  the  society  dates  back  to  the  fall 
of  1855,  when  monthl>  services  were  begun  at 
the  residence  of  Sejitimus  I'arslow.  by  Rev.  J.  S. 
Chamberlain,  and  coiitiuued  in  tliis  place  until  the 
building  of  the  church,  in  bso.s.  The  real  (irfjan- 
ization  of  the  society  occurred  on  Easter  MoniUiN . 


in  the  spring  of  1857,  under  the  rectorship  of  Kev. 
Mr.  Chamberlain,  who  faithfully  administered  to 
the  church  during  the  first  five  years  of  its  organ- 
ization. His  successors  were  Revs.  D.  B.Knick- 
erbacker,  William  Folic,  George  Case,  John  Scott. 
S.  T.  G.  Crump :  anil  sifice  June,  1878,  Rev.  Dr. 
Kuickerbacker  has  had  charge;  assisted  by  Curate 
W.  T.  Pise  to  date  of  June,  1880,  since  then  by 
Curate  J.  Q.  Bevington.  Bishop  AVhipple  has 
held  service  at  ii-regular  intervals  snice  1860.  In 
May,  1858.  Bishop  Kemper,  of  Wisconsin,  visited 
the  society,  and  laid  the  corner-stone  of  the  church 
edifice.  Seven  memljers  were  added  to  the  church 
by  coufirmatiou  during  liis  visit  here.  There  was 
then  no  Bishop  in  ilinnesota.  The  original  mem- 
bership was  only  four,  which  has  since  increased 
to  lifts'.  Monthls  senices  are  mauitained,  and 
a  flourishing  Sabbath-scliool  is  connected  with  the 
church. 

TOAVX  OKGANIZATIUN. 

The  meeting  at  which  the  township  organiza- 
tion was  effected,  was  held  April  3,  1860.  No 
special  measures  were  adopted  at  this  meeting, 
be\(ind  the  usual  transactions  incident  to  a  new 
organization,  and  the  election  of  the  following  of- 
ficers :  Supei-visors,  Gideon  Reeves,  chairman, 
Hawley  Hicks,  Richard  Quiun  :  Town  Clerk,  C. 
J.  Parslow-;  Treasurer.  Septinnis  Parslow :  Asses- 
sor, A.  Borthwick :  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Hemy 
Ghostly:  Constables.  Patiick  Hynes,  John  Pars- 
low  :  Superintendent  of  Schools,  B.  "Wright.  The 
latter  resigned  in  July,  and  was  succeeded  by  H. 
C.  Parslow. 

INDIAN   SCAKK. 

In  August,  1862,  the  panic  wliich  spread  over 
this  entire  region,  at  news  of  the  recent  massacre, 
so  terrified  the  settlers  of  Hassan  that  numbers 
of  them  fled  to  MumeapoUs,  others  to  Fort  Snell- 
ing,  and  some  even  left  the  state.  About  three 
\\eeks  after  the  first  scare,  another  rumor  of 
Initchery  and  bloodshed  was  wafted  to  the  ears 
of  the  partially  quieted  citizens,  and  another  panic 
ensued.  It  was  of  short  duration,  however,  and 
the  '-trembled  watei's"  soon  resumed  their  wonted 
tranquility. 

PATRONS  OF  HUSliANDRY. 

In  the  winter  of  1873-4,  a  (irange  was  organ- 
ized, whose  membership  soon  reached  forty,  but 
though  well  attended  for  a  time,  soon  lost  its 


310 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIX  COVIS'TY. 


original  inleiest.  and  in  1S78  was  wholly  aban- 
doned. 

PRESENT  OUTLOOK. 

By  slow  but  steady  progress,  Hassan  has  reached 
a  degree  of  development  in  striking  contrast  with 
earher  conditions  noted  in  this  chapter,  as  the 
following  statistics,  gleaned  from  the  official  re- 
ports of  1880  will  show.  The  assessed  value  of 
lands  is  given  at  $191,610  ;  of  pereonal  propeity, 
S22,333,  on  which  taxes  were  levied  to  the  amount 
of  ?1,918.  The  population  of  the  towiiship  is 
735. 

Five  school  houses  are  located  at  convenient 
distances,  affording  the  ordinaiy  facilities  for  a 
common  school  education.  District  Xo.  72,  has 
a  frame  buUding  on  section  19,  near  the  site  of 
the  first  school  in  the  town.  The  building  is  of 
moderate  dimensions,  and  m  good  condition.  The 
other  school  iMiildings  are:  District  No.  73,  house 
in  section  21,  log  building;  No.  69,  on  section 
24.  frame  house  in  good  condition;  No.  70,  frame 
house  on  section  11.  above  the  average  size  of 
comitry  school  houses,  and  in  tine  condition ; 
and  No.  68,  on  section  35— joint  district  with  Cor- 
coran— frame  house,  small,  biit  in  fair  condition. 

A  Town  Hall  is  conveniently  situated  in  sec- 
tion 21.  opposite  the  residence  of  Charles  Pars- 
low. 

A  saw-mill  is  about  being  put  in  operation  in 
.section  eighteen,  on  Crow  River,  by  A.  Berning, 
whose  residence  is  on  the  opposite  shore,  in 
Wright  county,  an  enteiiirise  tliat  can  not  fail  to 
greatly  beiu-lit  the  farmers  of  the  adjacent  ter- 
ritory, upon  whose  faims  may  be  found  an  ex- 
cellent quality  of  lianl  wood  for  lumber,  scpiare 
timber.  et<-. 

Thus  is  brielly  given  a  sketch  of  the  settlement 
and  rapid  growth  of  the  town,  which  closes  with 
the  following  list  of  town  officers  for  IKKO:  Su- 
pervisors, .John  Russell,  chairman,  Charles  J. 
Gliostly,  Tlioraas  Flynn;  Clerk,  C.  J.  Parelow; 
Treasurer,  Cjiarles Tucker:  Assessor. (J.  .Tackins; 
Justice  of  the  Peace.  Jasper  S.  Hawkins:  Con- 
stable, Edward  Tucker. 

IIIOORAPHUAI.. 

Aaron  lloag,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  was 
bom  in  1806.  In  1835  he  moved  to  IJangor, 
Maine,  and  followed  teaming  fur  twelve  years: 


then  he  bought  a  farm  atSouth  Gardner,  which  he 
occupied  for  six  years.  In  1858  he  came  with  his 
youngest  daughter  to  Jtlinnesota,  prospecting — 
and  in  1859  bought  part  of  the  land  he  now  lives 
on.  The  same  year  his  family  sold  out  and 
joined  him.  He  married  in  1830,  Annie  Wig- 
gins. They  have  four  children.  His  son  Charles 
lives  with  him  and  was  married  December  1877, 
to  Mary  \.  Inveen.  Their  children  are  (Jeorge 
and  Ida. 

Horatio  Hawkins,  a  native  of  England,  was 
born  in  1827.  He  learned  the  trade  of  shoemak- 
uig.  In  1853  he  emigrated  to  America,  moved 
to  Miimesota  and  settled  in  Crystal  Lake.  In 
18.56  he  came  to  Hassan,  and  m  1858  made  a 
claim,  where  he  has  since  lived.  In  1864  he  en- 
listed in  Eleventh  Minnesota,  Company  G.  went 
south  and  was  discharged  in  June.  1S65.  He  was 
married  in  England  to  ]Martlia  Powell,  in  the  year 
1850.     Tlie\  liave  live  children  living. 

Jasper  Hawkins  was  horn  in  England,  in  1S29. 
He  emigrated  to  America  in  185::!,  and  moved 
dli'ectly  to  St.  Anthony,  where  he  worked  as 
clerk  eighteen  months,  for  John  G.  Lennon.  In 
1854  he  bought  a  claim  in  Crystal  Lake,  and  lield 
it  fifteen  months.  JSIade  a  claim  in  Hassan  in 
18.55,  and  has  since  lived  here.  In  1862  he  en- 
listed in  Ninth  Minnesota.  Company  B,  was 
clerk  ill  tjuartermasters  department  a  few 
montlis.  and  was  then  ordered  to  General  Coni- 
mandery  Central  District  of  Missouri ;  joined  his 
regiment  as  clerk  for  Col.  Marsh,  until  discliaiged 
at  Davenport,  Iowa,  in  1865.  He  was  married  in 
1869,  to  Alice  M.  Mattey.  Imuh-  iliildrcn  have 
been  born  to  llicm. 

Freeman  I>.  .laiiies  was  born  ui  CliaiUaiKiua 
county.  New  Vnik.  in  1822,  where  he  lived  twen- 
ty-seven years,  niucli  of  the  time  engaged  in  liini- 
bering.  He  went  to  Calit'oriiia  in  1h53.  met  with 
considerable  success,  and  iftiirned  to  New  York. 
In  18.55  he  came  to  .Minnesota  and  settled  in  tlie 
town  of  Hassan,  where  lie  now  lives.  He  lias 
served  the  tduii  as  supervisor  and  constable.  In 
September,  isiil.  he  enlisted  in  Second  Batler\. 
Minnesota  volunteei-s.  was  miislered  out  in  Jiil\ , 
18(>5,  at  St.  Paul,  and  returned  to  his  farm.  He 
marrie<l,  in  lis43.  Mary  B.  Strong,  who  died  Eeb- 
niary.  187().  leaving  three  children.  .Mr.  James 
has  ilmie  luuili  fur  tlie  cause  of  education. 


GREENWOOD— E ABLY  HISTORY. 


311 


GREENWOOD. 


CHAPTER  L. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION— EARLY  HISTORY— OLD 
SETTLERS— ORGANIZATION— CHURCHES  AND 
BUILDINGS— SCHOOLS— STATISTICAL— ROSTER 
—BIOGRAPHICAL. 

This  town  einljiaces  that  portidii  of  townsliip 
119  iiortli,  range  24  west,  lying  east  of  Crow 
river.  It  was  set  apart  hy  tlie  county  i-om- 
missioners  April  10th,  1858,  antl  named  from 
the  village  tlien  located  in  tlie  soutli-western 
part.  The  origin  of  the  name  was  the  charming 
appearance  of  the  wood-lands,  as  seen  by  the  first 
settlers,  in  the  early  days  of  sunmier. 

The  surface  is  Inolven  and  hilly,  and  covered 
with  a  lieavy  growtli  of  hard  wood  timl)er,  inter- 
spersed by  a  few  small  tracts  of  marsli-land. 
The  soil,  as  in  other  timl)ered  portions,  is  a  dark 
loam  witli  clay  sul)soil,  tlie  liglitest  portion  being 
found  near  the  old  site  of  the  village.  A  few 
small  lakes  are  found  in  tlie  central  portion  of 
the  town,  and  in  the  southern  part,  and  lying 
partly  in  Independence,  are  lakes  Sarah  and  Re- 
becca, of  larger  proportions.  The  former  is 
about  three  miles  long,  and  finds  an  outlet  to  the 
Crow  river  through  Edgar  creek.  The  latter  is 
about  one  mile  in  length,  and  connected  with  the 
Crow  ri\er  by  a  small  stream  running  through 
the  north-western  part  of  Independence,  and 
the  extreme  south-\\estern  part  of  Greenwood, 
where  it  unites  with  the  main  stream. 

EARLY   ni.STOUY. 

AltlKJugh  separated  from  the  Mississippi,  the 
only  course  of  travel  at  that  date,  by  miles  of 
dense  woodland  and  morass,  this  town  was  among 
the  first  in  the  county  to  attract  the  attention  of 
pioneer  settlers.  The  first  claims  were  made  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  town  hi  18-34.  Among 
these  early  claimants  was  Mathias  Haiff,  who  lo- 
cated on  section  1.  and  opened  a  farm  upon  which 


he  lived  till  1866,  then  sold,  and  purchased  a 
fai-m  on  section  10,  where  lie  still  resides.    Mr. 
Hai-ff  is  without  doubt  the  oldest  living  settler 
in  Greenwood.     His  coming  was  illustrative  of 
the  rugged  pathway,   h\    which  so  many  have 
reached  their  present  easy,  though  perhaps  not 
happier,  condition,  and  of  that  determined  energ>- 
and  courage,  to  which  the  county  owes  its  present 
growth  and  prospeiity.     He  gave  one  of  the  two 
sacks  of  flour  which   constituted  his  principal 
commissary  stock,  to  a  teamster  in  exchange  for 
transportation  from  St.    Paul   to  Dayton,  then 
took  his  wife  and  aged  mother  in  a  "dug  out," 
and  -paddled  his  own  canoe"  up  tlie  Crow  river 
to  the  nearest  accessible  point  to  his  claim,  from 
where  the  remainder  of   tlie  journey  was  per- 
formed on  foot.    Here,  in  a  small,  rude  cabin, 
subsisting  chiefly  upon  wild  game,  and  with  no 
implements  but  an  ax  and  common  grub  hoe    he 
began  the  difllcult  task  of  opening  a  farm  in  this 
almost  unknown   forest.     His  success  in  over- 
coming the  manifold  difficulties  which  beset  his 
pathwa>-.  and  the  degree  of  prosperity  to  which 
he  has  attained,  furnish  a  noteworthv example  of 
tlie  unfailing  reward  of  persistent  energy  and 
perseverence.  Mr.  Harff  lias  been  identified  with 
the  growth  and  developement  of  the  town,  and 
was  one  of  its  supervisors  for  several  years. 

The  first  settlers  in  the  south  part  of  the  to^wi 
were  E.  O.  Xewton,  Thomas  Holmes,  J.  M.  Burt 
Robert  Kemiedy,  Samuel  Allen,  Matthew  and 
Albert  Taisey  and  Messrs.  BuckUn  and  Chase,  all 
of  whom  settled  in  or  near  the  south-west  part  of 
the  town,  early  in  18.5.5.  Mr.  Ne^lou  came  from 
Massachusetts,  stoppmg  a  short  time  at  Cliaska, 
from  which  point  he  came  to  Greenwood  the  last 
of  March,  ^^•itll  an  ox  team  and  an  old-fashioned 
wood-shod  sled.  In  February  previous,  he  had 
visited  tlie  locality  and  .selected  his  claim,  as  had 
also  the  others  named.  lie  \\earied  of  frontier 
life  after  aliout  a  year's  experience,  and  letumed 


31i 


IllSlVnr  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


to  his  fonnrr  home  in  the  old  Bay  State.  Those 
fmiii  SliakoiMM*  arrivj-*!  in  May.  iso-j.  and  tlienext 
month  tlie  town  wa-s  siilHlivide<l  into  sections,  by 
coveninient  suney.  (^tlu-rs  who  came  in  May 
were  James  D.  Young.  'William  C.  Gould  and 
John  15.  K'ljrar.  the  former  hrinirinK  the  lii-sl  wag- 
on to  tliis  ]iai1  of  tlie  country.  In  Si-iitcnihcr  of 
this  year,  John  F.  Powei-s  and  A.  W.  Dorman 
settled  in  the  soutli-west  part  of  the  town,  near  the 
Crow  river.  Other  settlers  of  lK.i.")  were  Robert 
fiiisline.  A.  S.  Linils;i\.  Ilenr>  (ireeliutJ  and  Au- 
gust Kulinu.  Among  those  who  came  soon  after, 
were  (Jeorge  F.  Ames.  Thomas  H.  Briggs.  An- 
iln-w  Tlioini'son  and  his  wiilowcd  sister.  Mrs.  .Vnn 
<  uniiiiigham.  Clirislian  .sipe.  Carl  llalTten.  Benja- 
min Lawrence.  Martin  t'onzet.  W.  W.  Hall,  Adam 
Hohenstein.  AIIhmI  HoIhmIs.  AV.  I'.  ('.  Ilawk.'L. 
.VUars.  Natiianiel  .Moore  and  John  O'.Mera,  some 
of  whom  lignre  con.spicnonsly  in  the  history  of  the 
town  and  deser\-eeven  more  tlianthe  further  men- 
tion yet  in  resen'e  in  thene  pages.  Before  entering 
into  further  ]M'rsonal  detail,  however,  it  isneces.sary 
to  devote  some  si)ace  to  the  rise  and  fall  of  the 
ephemeral  "  city,"  which  nowexi.sts  only  in  tnuli- 
lion.  In  the  early  winter  of  IK.'jf!  7,  the  few  who 
came  from  Shako|»ee  surveyed  and  platted  about 
::<Ki  acres  on  the  south  bank  of  ("row  river,  which 
wa.s  ihdy  i-ecorded  as  the  "  City  of  fireenwood." 
anil  in  token  of  the  sincerity  of  their  int<-nti<ins. 
Ihow  residing  within  the  coiiHirate  limits,  jiroceed- 
e«l  to  theele<-tii>n  of  tlie  following  oflicers  :  Mayor. 
.Matthew  Tais<-y ;  Councilmen.  Sanniel  Allen. 
UolM'rt  (instinc.  John  F.  I'owei-s;  Hec<irdi-r.  .\. 
S.  Lind.sa\  ;  .Mai-shal.  James  I).  Voimg. 

The  llrst  luibital)le  house  on  the  t<iwn  site  wa.s 
built  by  Malthi'W  ami  Albert  Taisey  in  IK.'i."). 
'I'lie  next  Near  .1.  .M.  IhnI  opened  a  general  store, 
in  which  a  tliriving  business  was  carried  on  for 
some  time.  After  alKint  a  year  he  sold  to  Albert 
Tnisev.  and  he  to  Tlios.  H.  Briggs,  who  closed 
out  tlie  Kt<H'k  in  the  fall  of  1k.-,k. 

In  the  winter  of  1k-VI  7  large  ipiantities  of  logs 
wen-  liHulei!  to  ihe  site  of  a  c-onteniplateil  siiw- 
iiiill.  on  the  bank  of  Ihe  Crow  river.  The  mill 
WHS  iH'ver  built,  howevi-r.  and  the  logs  were  re- 
moved and  iimmI  for  other  purposes,  or  perished 
from  age  and  <'X|Hisun-. 

In  |K.')7.  a  mill  was  built  on  the  iiorlli  side  of 
the  Citiw  river.  op|iosit4-  (in-enwiHNl.  to  which 
fact  was  due  the  failiin-  of  the  projwl  just  note<l. 


A  town  site  was  also  platted,  but  never  recorded, 
and  the  subsequent  location  of  the  village  of 
Kockford.  effectually  strangled  this  projected  bor- 
ough. 

Of  course  Greenwood  needed  a  hotel,  and  so  a 
coniniodious  edifice  was  erected  by  Matthew  and 
Alliert  Taisey.  and  given  the  euphonious  title. 
"Beaver  House.'"  In  1S02,  when  the  Indian 
"scare"  was  at  its  height,  tlie  settlers  converted 
this  into  a  fortress,  and  for  their  better  ijrotection 
in  case  of  an  attack,  laniarac  jioles  were  lirouKbt. 
and  a  stockade  built,  inclosing  outbuildings  and 
stable,  and  allowing  space  for  teams  and  stock. 
.Sevend  families  from  'Wright  county  nestled 
uniler  tlie  protecting  wings  of  this  fort,  in  addi- 
tion t<i  those  of  Greenwood,  and  occasional  de- 
tachments of  cavalry  from  Fort  Snelling  hailed 
here  while  scouring  the  country  for  traces  or  lid- 
ijigs  of  the  enemy.  Many  of  the  lii-st  historic 
events  of  the  town  occurred  within  the  limits  of 
the  city. 

In  the  spring  of  ISoii,  the  lirst  school  was 
taught  in  a  small  building  erected  by  a  Mr.  Peas- 
ley,  as  a  residence,  and  jestingly  called  "Peasley's 
Hall."  The  estimable  lady  to  whom  is  due  the 
credit  of  lirst  directing  llie  youtliful  minds  of  this 
infant  couinuiiiitx .  was  Miss  Hiitli  .\.  Towers, 
daughter  of  .biliii  F.  Powers,  and  now  .Mrs.  .las. 
I).  Young,  of  Delano.  Wright  countN. 

The  next  to  preside  over  this  early  band  of 
students,  was  Miss  Mary  Ball,  daughter  of  Mrs. 
A.  W.  Dorman,  by  a  former  husband.  In  the 
fall  of  lM.")(i.  occuned  the  first  death,  and  the  lirsl 
grave  made  liy  while  men  was  oi)ened  to  receive 
the  remains  of  an  infant  daughter  of  .Mr.  ami  .Mrs. 
Samuel  Allen.     The  little  one's  name  was  Jennie. 

The  lirst  preaching  in  town  was  in  the  winter  of 
18.5H-7,  by  Rev.  Charles  (Jaliiin,  of  Excelsior,  at 
Ihe  residence  of  .Tohn  F.  Powers.  The  same  win- 
ler.  Hev.  .\lr.  Camp,  an  invalid  spending  Die  win- 
ter at  K.vcelsior.  held  religious  senices  at  llic 
home  of  Mr.  Powers,  on  several  occasions. 

In  IK.j",  the  census  showed  the  ]xipulalioii  of 
the  citv  as  seventy-six. 

In  this  year  occurred  the  lirsl  marriage,  James 
D.  Young  and  Miss  Ruth  A.  Powci-s,  the  marriage 
flating  September  17lh.  lNo7.  They  are  now  liv- 
ing in  Delano,  anil  their  eldest  daiigliter.  .Miss 
Katie,  is  remembered  as  Ihe  lirst  while  child  born 
in  lireeiiwood,  lierbirth  occurring  June  loth,  isisu. 


OEEEmVOOD—THE  OLD  SETTLERS. 


313 


About  18.57,  after  considerable  effort  on  the 
part  of  the  citizens,  a  post-oltice  was  establislieil 
at  Greenwood,  and  Albert  Taisey  appointed  post- 
master. Soon  after,  it  passed  into  tlie  hands  of 
Jlr.  Powers,  who  retained  it  until  his  removal 
from  Greenwood,  in  1868,  when  he  left  it  with 
his  deputy,  Mrs.  Taisey.  Slie  had  charge  until 
1869,  when  it  was  discontinued. 

In  18.57  a  society  known  as  the  Independent 
Order  Xobilium  Fratruni,  was  organized  in 
Greenwood,  and  reached  a  large  membership  in  a 
short  time.  It  was  a  select  organization,  its  prin- 
cipal tenets  being  fraternal  fellowship,  and  the 
promotion  of  literature  and  music. 

A  lyceum  was  started  about  the  same  time, 
and  was  well  sustained  for  a  season.  In  1858 
both  it  and  the  I.  O.  N.  F.  withered  and  die<l 
from  lack  of  vital  force. 

The  village  of  Rockford  was  foiuided  about 
1857,  and  proved  a  fatal  drain  upon  the  young 
city,  whose  auspicious  opening  bore  promise  of  a 
better  fortune. 

Thus,  one  by  one  its  roses  faded,  until  the  lo- 
cation of  the  Saint  Paul  and  Pacilic  Kailroad,  at 
some  distance  south  of  the  town,  gave  the  last 
fatal  blow,  and  the  ''  City  of  (ireenwood  "  was 
numbered  with  the  tilings  that  were. 

Some  recompense  for  this  loss,  however,  is 
found  in  the  establishment  of  Eockford,  a  thriv- 
ing village  situated  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river,  about  a  mile  below  the  old  site  of  (ireen- 
wood,  which  not  only  aft'ords  a  trading  point,  but 
has  good  flour  and  lumljer  mills,  and  on  the 
Greenwood  side,  a  line  woolen  factory,  which  is 
yearly  gaining  in  public  favor. 

THE  OLD  SETTLEliS. 

Some  further  recognition  is  due  the  jiioneer  set- 
tlers of  Greenwood,  and  a  brief  record  of  their 
fortunes  can  not  fail  to  interest  the  general  reader. 
Thomas  Holmes  was  a  man  of  unusual  energy 
and  activity.  lie  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
.lanesville,  Wisconsin,  and  later  of  Shakopee. 
this  state.  He  also  figured  quite  prominently  in 
the  early  development  of  the  cities  of  Milwaukee 
and  Cliicago.  He  made  several  triiis  to  Montana, 
as  guide  to  emigrant  companies.  He  is  now  liv- 
ing in  northern  Georgia. 

.John  M.  Btn-t  is  now  a  resident  of  Chennnig 
coimtv,  New  York.     He  visited  this  section  al  lout 


three  years  ago,  and  conld  but   marvel  at  the 
changes  time  had  wrought  during  bis  absence. 

Samuel  Allen  is  now  a  resident  of  Ilnwanl 
Lake,  AVright  county.  Kennedy,  liuckliu  and 
Chase  never  liecanie  residents  here,  although 
largely  interested  in  the  town  site.  Mathew  Tai- 
sey is  now  in  Missouri,  whither  he  renio\ed  sev- 
eral years  smce.  Alliert  Taisey  removed  to  Lake 
City,  and  has  distinguished  himself  as  a  promi- 
nent organizer  of  societies  of  the  Labor  League 
throughout  the  state,  notably  so  during  the  year 
1880.  A  brotherof  Albert  (Milton  XoblesTaiseyl 
is  well  reineml)eied  by  tlie  old  settlers  of  Green- 
wood, as  an  active  young  man.  with  more  apjiiu- 
ent  relish  for  the  city  than  the  foj-est.  His  dra- 
matic talent  led  him  to  seek  a  place  behind  the 
footlights,  and  for  that  purpose  he  left  the  rural 
home,  and  for  a  time  was  lost  to  his  former  friends 
and  associates ;  btit  a  few  years  ago  he  appeared 
as  the  manager  of  a  theatrical  troupe,  under  tlie 
name  of  ^Milton  Nobles,  havhig  dropped  the  family 
name,  Taisey. 

.John  B.  Edgar  died  on  his  farm  east  of  the  old 
town  site  about  eight  years  ago. 

Geo.  F.  Ames  made  a  claim  opposite  the  pres- 
ent village  of  Rockford  in  the  fall  of  1855,  and 
moved  his  family  here  early  the  following  year. 
The  first  year  or  two  he  lived  on  the  Rockford 
side,  but  afterward  bnilt  a  house  on  the  Green- 

i  wood  side,  where  he  lived,  leading  an  active 
life  until  his  death  in  the  fall  of  1878.  It  was 
his  capital  and  energy  that  built  and  put  in 
operation  the  Rockford  Alills,  to  which  the  place 
is  largely  indebted  for  its  present  growtli  and 
prosperity.  He  also  liuilt  the  first  carding-mill, 
which  has  since  developed  into  the  present  Rock- 

!  ford  Woolen  Mills.  He  first  liuilt  a  small  shop 
for  general  work,  and  jiul  in  machinery  for  turn- 

j  ing  broom-handles  and  other  light  articles.    To 

[  this  he  soon  added  a  carding-machine,  from  which 
small  beginning  the  factory  has  grown.  Mrs. 
Ames  still  occuiiies  the  old  lioineslead,  from 
whicli  jileasaut  location  can  be  seen  the  monu- 
uiciits  of  her  deceased  partner's  jiidiistr>  and  en- 
terprise. 

.John  F.  Powers  remained  at  (irecMwodd  until 
1868,  when  he  removed  to  Delano.  Wright  cotmty, 
at  the  time  the  railroad  reached  that  place,  and 
ojiened  the  first  hotel  at  that  station.  The  Iniild- 
ing  was  moved  from  (ireenwooil,  and  did  scrvii-e 


314 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


at  its  new  location  tintil  supplanted  l>y  one  of 
more  (feneniiis  proiHirtions.  Mr.  Powers  is  still  a 
resiflcnt  «{  Dclaii".  though  not  actively  engaged 
ill  business. 

Jas.  1).  Young,  removed  to  Minneaiiolis  in 
18.17.  reiuaiuiiig  sonietliing  more  than  a  year, 
during  which  tinu'  he  was  largely  engaged 
in  surveying  and  platting  in  the  city,  west  of  the 
river.  In  lh.58  he  returned  to  (Jreenwood,  and  in 
IWi;;.  purcha.sed  a  farm  soutli  of  the  town  site. 
ii|Kin  wliich  he  rpside<I  until  is"],  when  he  re- 
moved to  Delano,  and  rented  the  hotel  of  John 
F.  Powers.  He  afterward  purchased  the  huilding, 
and  in  isTii.  Iniill  in  its  stead  the  tine  hotel  he 
now  occupies. 

Win.  ('.  (iould"has  ivmained  in  the  town  shice 
his  tirst  coming,  except  a  short  residence  in  Kock- 
fiirrl.  during  the  war.  He  is  now  locate<l  una  farm 
on  sec-tion  2H.  west  of  Wockford.  L.  AUars  re- 
moved to  KiK'kford  some  years  since,  and  in  187(> 
Iniilt  and  opened  the  Centennial  Hotel,  which  he 
still  iK'cupies.  Thos.  H.  Hriggs  removed  to 
Wright  county,  and  is  now  a  iironiinent  lawyer  al 
Howanl  Lake.  Andrew  Thorai'ison.  still  owns  a 
line,  well  cultivated  farm  on  section  28.  east  of 
KiK'kford.  hut  has  removed  witli  his  family  to  the 
west  i>art  of  the  State,  where  he  and  his  .sons  have 
M-cured  quite  a  large  tract  of  land,  which  they  are 
fiLNl  develo]ihig  into  a  line  gniin  and  slock  fann. 
Chrislian  Sijie  is  still  a  resident  of  the  town, 
and  in  the  enjo\nient  of  the  comforts  secured  hy 
his  early  effort  and  ente|-])ri.se. 

W.  W.  Hall  is  plea.santly  located  <in  the  north 
Klion-  of  Lake  Sarah,  section  :{4.  He  has  been  an 
lu-tive  inendN'r  of  the  community,  and  always  in- 
terested in  matters  perlaininn  to  the  welfare  of 
the  town. 

Martin  ("<iii7,el  has  also  been  one  of  the  active 
citi/i-nsof  the  \<t\\u.  and  is  now  pleasantly  located 
near  thi-  s<iulh  llni'  of  .section  HH. 

W.  I'.  C.  llawk  removed  several  xears  ago  to 
Wright  comity,  and  is  now  a  farmer  near  Wil- 
niar.  Kandiyohi  county. 

.\daiii  Hohenstein  |ocat<-d  on  hection  II.  where 
he  now  lertide.s  ii|Hin  his  original  claim,  which  his 
iiiilnstrv  has  deve|o|iei|  into  one  of  the  best  fanns 
in  the  town. 

Nathaniel  .MiMin-  llrst  liN-at<Ml  near  the  present 
xillage  of  Cokato,  In  Wright  connty.and  the  tract 
-ince  known  as  Mixm-'s  Pniirie.  still  serves  to  ))er- 


petnate  the  remembrance  of  this  sturdy  pioneer, 
and  honored  citizen.  Two  of  his  sons,  A.  P.  and 
Henrv .  are  still  residents  of  AVright  count,\ .  and 
among  its  most  prominent  citizens.  Their  father 
removed  to  Greenwood  at  an  cailv  date,  and  set- 
tled on  section  27.  where  he  died  several  years 
since.  His  widow  still  occupies  the  old  home- 
stead. 

Mrs.  Ann  Cuniiinghani  still  occupies  the  old 
pla<'e  on  section  28.  ami  licr  declining  years  are 
rendered  pleasant  by  the  faithful  care  and  solici- 
tude of  her  son,  John  Cunningham,  who  also 
ranks  among  the  early  settlers,  and  has,  for  seve- 
ral years  past,  held  the  oflice  of  town  clerk. 

Henry  (Creeling,  on  section  Id,  is  among  the 
earliest  settlers,  and  lias  always  been  active  in  ad- 
vancing the  general  interests  of  the  community. 
and  holds  a  iironiinent  iilace  in  the  (icrnian  ele- 
ment of  the  town. 

Carl  Hafften  settled  on  section  23,  near  the  lake 
which  bears  his  name.  Adjoining  his  farm  is  that 
of  Christian  Scheudel.  whose  land  also  borders  upon 
a  lake  liearuig  his  name,  and  connected  with  Haff- 
ten Lake  by  small  stream  of  about. eighty  rods 
length. 

Heiijaiiiiii  Lawicnce  M'tlled  on  section  84.  and 
has  since  ojicncd  up  three  other  I'aniis.  linally  set- 
tling iijion  his  jireseiit  jilace.  on  section  28.  Few. 
if  any.  of  the  early  settlers  can  recall  more  hard- 
ships or  privations  endured  than  his  record  shows, 
among  which  was  the  total  loss  of  his  household 
goods,  provisions,  etc.  b\  lire,  which  destroyed 
his  house  while  the  family  were  absent  from  home. 

John  O'Mera  came  here  earl\  in  18.")8,  fust  rent- 
ing a  farm  for  one  year,  tlien  iiuichasing  his  pres- 
ent farm,  on  section  28.  He  lias  held  the  ollice 
of  Supervisor  for  two  years.  Town  clerk  lifleen 
years,  and  ( 'lerk  of  his  school  district  lor  citrhleen 
years.  His  farm  is  one  of  the  best  in  thecoinilv. 
and  he  is  fast  gaining  iiromineiice  as  a  successful 
.stock  grower,  to  whicli  his  |iiiiici|ial  atlcnlion  is 
now  given. 

.\.  H.  Dorniaii  is  loinloilablN  located  on  section 
31.  the  only  reiiiaiiiing  one  of  the  original  settlers 
on  the  old  town  site  of  the  defunct  city  of  (ireen- 
wood,  and  the  ground  oni-e  designed  for  a  busy 
mart  is  turned  by  his  jilow-share.  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  his  farm,  of  which  it  forms  a  |>art.  .\boiit 
one-half  the  original  plat  is  included  in  his  farm; 
the  balance  is  owned  by  other  parties.     Mr.  Dor- 


QBEENWOOD—OBOANIZATION— CHURCHES,  ETC. 


315 


man  has  been  almost  constantly  in  the  service  of 
the  town  in  some  official  capacity,  serving  as  super- 
visor for  several  years,  and  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  the  past  twenty  years,  liesides  his  official  con- 
nection with  the  pubUc  schools.  In  lS40,he  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Susan  C.  Xorthup,  who  has  home  him 
three  children  :  Homer  W..  Harriet  E.,  and  AVillie 
jST.  Of  these,  Harriet  E.  married  O.  C.  Willcutt, 
and,  in  1870,  died.  Homer  is  now  on  tlie  farm 
with  his  father,  as  is  also  Willie,  who  is  maiTied. 
Mr.  Dorman  is  now  seventy  years  old,  but  in  tlie 
full  possession  of  his  faculties,  and  as  genial  a 
companion  as  in  the  earlier  days  of  his  man- 
hood. 

A.  J.  Roberts  settled  his  family  here  as  early  as 
1857,  but  did  not  settle  down  to  farming,  himself, 
until  about  1864,  being  engaged  in  trapping  and 
trading  previous  to  that  date.  Albert  Roberts, 
his  son,  settled  here  in  1866,  and  soon  became  one 
of  the  prominent  pidilic  men  of  the  town.  He 
has  twice  been  elected  chairman  of  the  town 
board,  eight  times  elected  assessor,  and  was  the 
census  enumerator  for  his  town  in  the  years  1875 
and  1880.  In  the  fall  of  1880.  he  was  elected  as 
representative  of  his  district  to  the  state  legisla- 
ture, on  the  Republican  ticket. 

TOWN   OllGANIZATroX. 

Like  most  of  the  towns  throughout  the  cdunty. 
Greenwood  hastened  to  embrace  the  privilege  af- 
forded by  tlie  admission  of  the  state,  and  a  legal 
organization  was  effected  at  a  meeting  lield  on  the 
nth  of  May,  1858,  at  which  the  following  otlicers 
were  elected  :  Supervisors.  J.  R.  Ames,  chairman, 
H.  G.  Fenell,  William  V.  Hawk  :  Clerk.  Thomas 
R.  Briggs;  Assessor,  Benjamin  Lawrence;  Col- 
lector, R.  W.  Cun-ier;  Justices,  D.  R.  Farnham 
and  Cluiton  Howe  ;  Constables,  John  0":Mera  and 
Volney  S.  Britt ;  Overseer  of  Poor,  Andrew 
Thompson.  The  town  expenses  for  the  first  year 
were  $115.  Several  of  the  above  list  of  officers 
are  now  residents  of  Wright  county,  a  few  only 
remaining  in  Greenwood. 

CHUKCUES. 

The  American  element  of  Greenwood  mahily 
find  church  affllliation  at  Rockford.  The  tier- 
man  element  is  about  ecpially  divided  between 
the  Lutheran,  and  Methodist  churches,  and  both 
have  erected  houses  of  worship. 


CHUECH  BriLDINGS. 

The  Cierman  Methodist  society  have  a  comfoi-t- 
able  building  on  section  12,  erected  about  eight 
years  smce.  The  society  is  quite  numeroi\s,  and 
weekly  service  is  maintained  in  theii'  chm-ch. 

The  Lutheran  church,  on  section  ll,wasbiult 
four  years  ago.  It  is  a  conunodious  wood  stiiict- 
ure,  and  furnishes  ample  room  for  the  congrega- 
tion which  assembles  for  service  each  Sabbath. 
.V  iiarsonage  has  been  erected  near  the  church,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  road,  and  on  tlie  north  is 
the  cemetery,  estabUshed  alicmt  the  time  the 
society  was  organized. 

SCHOOLS. 

From  the  little  liand  of  juveniles  who  formed 
the  first  school,  in  1856,  the  increased  population 
now  supports  four  entire  scliool  districts,  and 
shares  jointly  with  two  others  located  mamly  in 
Independence.  District  No.  76  has  a  good  school 
building  on  section  28;  District  No.  77,  on  section 
25;  District  No.  75,  on  section  14;  and  District 
No.  74,  on  section  12. 

ST,\TISTR'Ar.. 

Greenw(_>od  has  an  area  of  i;i,460  acres,  tlie 
assessed  valuation  of  which  is  .'5157.047.  Its  per- 
sonal property  is  assessed  at  S20,088,  and  its  taxes 
for  1880  were  $1,956,  all  showing  a  healthy  de- 
velopment since  its  first  settlement  in  tlie  not 
distant  past. 

OFFICIAL  IIOSTEK. 

The  officers  elected  for  1880  were:  Supervisors, 
George  W.  Shelley,  chairman,  Jolui  Jacobs  and 
Mathias  Ilarff;  Clerk,  John  Cunningham;  Asses- 
sor. A.  Roberts;  Justices,  A.  W.  Dorman  and 
Ephriam  Sipe ;  Constables,  George  Shelley  and 
Geo.  Ilohenstein. 

niOGIlAI'IIICAL. 

Martm  Conzet,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was 
lioni  in  the  year  1829,  and  emigi-ated  to  America 
in  1847.  He  worked  at  the  carpenter's  trade  in 
Dubu(iue,  Iowa,  six  years,  removed  to  St.  An- 
thoiiy  ill  ls.").S.  and  worked  at  carpentery  and  cab- 
iiiel-making  until  lH5ii.  when  he  kci>t  a  boanling 
liouse.  The  same  year  he  made  a  claim,  where  he 
now  lives.  lit-  was  elected  constable  at  St.  An- 
thoiiy  in  1«55.  and  held  the  office  two  years;  lias 
held  tlie  otVice  of  town  assessor  ten  years.  ;\t 
the   Wright  i'i>iiiit>    fair,  the  faniih    made  forty- 


81G 


HISTORY  OF  HEI^XEPIN  COUNTY. 


Hiree  entries  and  received  eleven  premiiuns.  He 
was  luarried  in  18.52,  to  Elizabetli  Beaiic-lilein. 
Tlicy  )iav('  seven  eliildren. 

\V.  W.  Ilall  was  Ixmi  in  (Jnelwe.  Canada,  in 
1S32  :  moved  to  Minnesota  in  18.5.5.  and  settled  on 
a  fann  in  IndeiMMidence :  sold  it  in  IHfiG,  and 
iKiiiirlit  tlie  line  lie  now  oecui>ies.  During  the 
Indian  tituibles  lie  moved  to  Hoekford  and 
worked  on  tlie  stockade,  which  was  Imill  for  pro- 
tection of  the  seltlei-s.  He  a.ssisted  in  organizing 
tlie  town  of  Independence,  and  held  the  ottice  of 
siiiK'ivisor  for  two  years,  and  one  year  in  (Jreen- 
wiMxI.  He  is  now  inaniifactiirint;  amber  cane 
synip.  Married  in  ls.54.  to  Harriet  Ihsliop.  Tliev 
have  nine  children. 

Ailani  Hoheiistein  was  bom  iiiGennany.  in  1832, 
and  emigrated  to  America  in  18.50.  He  was  en- 
gaged three  yeai-s  in  the  baker's  trade,  in  New 
Vork ;  worked  at  farming  in  Mclleiiry  county. 
Illinois.  tlin*e  yeai-s:  then  moved  to  Miniiesiita  in 
IK.5tl.  and  l(M-ated  on  his  laeseiit  farm.  He  has 
l)een  town  siiiiervisor  eleven  yeai's,  town  clerk 
sj-ven  years,  and  treasurer  two  yeai's.  He  was 
drafted  in  18114. and  ordered  to  Comiiaiiy  A.  Third 
.Minnesota:  was  mustered  out  in  ISO.").  He  was 
inarrled  in  18.>h.  to  Caroline  (ilaser.  They  have 
seven  children  living.    ■ 

(tiKirge  lloheiistein  was  born  in  (ierniaiiy.  in 
|s4h,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  tliis  coiintiT 
four  yeai's  later.  They  remained  in  New  Vork 
until  lN.54.  when  they  removed  to  Illinois,  and  in 
1MII  came  to  Minnesota,  and  located  on  their 
pii-seiit  fann.  He  was  married  in  ls7:<.  to  Miss 
I/oiiisii  l{eclitle.  of  (ieniiaiiy.  They  have  four 
cliililivn :  Ida.  .Martha.  Louisa  and  Christian. 
.Mr.  Ilohenstelii  has  held  the  olllce  of  coiistalile 
lor  eight  years. 

Carl  Ilafftt-n  was  liorn  in  (iermaiiy  in  1828. 
His  father  died  in  iKlli.  anil  in  18.52.  Carl  went 
with  his  mother  to  Canada.  In  Ih.57.  they  nioveil 
to  Minnesota. and  si-ttled  in  (ireen wood,  where  he 
lia.i  since  lived.  He  has  a  line  fann  liH'ated  near 
lakes  HafTten  and  Sclieuilel.  Heliasbeen  engaged, 
for  Ihe  past  live  wasons.  in  the  inaniitaclurc  of 
.\mlM-r  Cane  Syrnp.  turning  out  froni  eight  hun- 
ilre<l  to  one  tlionsand  gallons  |mm'  year.  In  IH.52. 
he  married  Maria  Holt/,  of  iterniany.  They  have 
had  sixteen  clijldieii.  Tlmsi'  living  aiv  :  Charles. 
.\iigiiHt,  .loliii.  Milljam.  I.,ouis.  .\I1m-i1.  KolM-rt. 
Kinnia.  l'*n'<lerick .  .Matilda.  IIenr\   and   .Mar\ . 


John  Jacobs,  one  of  the  earlv  settlers  of  this 
county,  is  a  native  of  Wales,  born  in  183.5.  He 
emigrated  to  tlie  I'nited  States,  with  his  parents, 
ill  ls4;-!,  and  localed  in  Oneida  county.  New  York, 
where  his  fatlier  died,  lie  removed  to  Wisconsin 
in  1851.  and  engaged  in  himliering  until  18.58. 
when  he  removed  loMiiineapnlis.  Minnesota.  He 
enlisted  in  Comp.  H,  nth  liegt.  Inf..  and  served 
against  the  Indians  until  1864,  when  he  went 
South,  where  he  was  taken  sick,  and  iiiustcrcil 
out.  He  was  married  in  lS(i4.  to  Miss  Matilda 
McKinley  of  Wriglit  county.  They  have  liad 
fourchildren.  tliree  of  wlioniaie  living:  William, 
Nettie  anil  Helle.  Lizzie  li.  died.  Mr.  Jacobs 
has  held  the  ollice  of  town  siii>ervisor.  two  years. 

John  ( I'.Mcra  was  boni  in  \'eniioiil.  in  1828. 
He  moved  to  Miniiesola  in  18-57.  stop|)eil  in  Minne- 
aiKilis  one  year,  and  locating  on  his  jiresent  farm 
in  18.59,  turned  his  attention  to  stock  raising,  to 
some  extent.  He  has  been  town  supervisor  two 
years:  Clerk  fifteen  years,  and  school  clerk  eigh- 
teen years.  In  18.55  lie  iiianicd  .Miss  1".  .M. 
Kinory.    They  have  seven  cliildrni. 

Albert  Roberts,  a  native  of  .Maine,  was  Imni  in 
1844.  He  enlisted  in  18()2.  in  Cnnipaiiy  ('.twen- 
tieth Maine  Hcgiinent.  was  in  the  liattles  of 
Wliitc  .Momilaiii.  .\iilielaiii.  I'redericksburg,  Get- 
tysburg and  Cold  Hailmr.  .\t  ilie  latter  place  he 
received  a  giin  shot  wiiiind  in  the  face,  carrying 
the  ball  for  nearly  two  months  before  it  could  be 
extracted.  He  graduated  at  Kastmairs  Commercial 
College.  I'liiighkeepsic.  New  ^"ork.  in  18l)ti. 
Moved  to  Minnesota  and  settled  on  liis  present  lo- 
cation. He  has  been  chairman  of  tne  lioard  of 
Supervisors  two  years,  a.ssessor  eight  years,  and 
was  eniiineiator  in  187-5  and  ISso.  lb-  inarvicil 
in  lS(i8,  Isabella  M.  McKiiidly.  'l'\\v\  lia\e  lour 
children  living. 

Kphriam  Sijie  was  liorn  In  I'ennsylvania.  in 
1S48.  He  moved  to  .Minnesota  in  1N57.  and  re- 
mained with  his  parents  until  ISKO.  when  he  lo- 
cated on  his  present  farm.  He  has  held  the  of- 
lices  of  town  supervisor  one  year,  .school  direc- 
tor live  years,  and  is  Justice  of  the  Peace  iit  the 
present  time.  His  school  advantages  were 
limited  to  a  |HM'iod  of  tlfteen  nioiiths.  but  by  close 
appliialion  he  has  gained  knowledge  sullicient  to 
till  the  iliMerent  olliceswith  credit.  InlhMlhe 
married  Margaret  Hiisled.  of  (  nrci.iaij,  who  was 
bom  April  21itli.  I8(!;l. 


CORCOBAN-FIBST  SETTLEMENT. 


317 


CORCORAN. 


ClIAPTEU  LI. 

(lENEHAL  DESCRIPTION— FIRST  SETTLEMENT — 
EAKLY  EVENTS— ORGANIZATION— CHURCILES 
SCHOOL POST-OFFICES STORES OFFI- 
CIAL  ROSTER — STATISTICS — BIOGRAPHICAL. 

The  township  of  Corcoran  is  located  in  the 
north-western  part  of  Hennepin  county,  and  is 
boxmded  on  the  north  by  Hassan,  east  by  Maple 
Grove,  south  by  Medina  and  west  by  Greenwood. 
Its  surface  is  rolling,  in  the  south  part  bluffy. 
It  is  heavily  timbered  with  liard  and  soft  maple, 
oak,  elm  and  basswood.  There  are  occasional 
patches  of  wild  meadow-land,  which  produce  a 
good  quality  of  grass.  Tlie  soil  is  light  in  the 
south  part,  in  the  central  part  it  is  a  heavy  l)lack 
loam,  and  lighter  in  the  north  ]iart.  witli  a  cla\ 
subsoil  throughout.  i>roducing  wlieat,  barley,  oats 
and  corn  abundantly.  Amber  cane  is  grown  to 
some  extent.  Jubert's  Lake,  the  largest  body  of 
w^ater  in  the  the  town,  is  located  on  sections 
twenty-nine  and  thirty-two;  there  are  two  other 
small  lakes  that  are  lumamed,  one  located  in  the 
southern  part,  and  the  other  in  the  western  part 
of  the  town.  ' 

FIRST    SETTLEMENT. 

Benjamin  Pounder,  was  the  first  man  to  enter 
the  unbroken  wilderness,  and  connnenced  in  lHo-j 
to  lay  the  foundation  <if  what  is  now  the  flourish- 
ing town  of  Corcoran.  He  was  followed  in  a  few 
days  by  P.  B.  Corcoran,  one  of  the  fomiders  of 
the  town.  lie  was  accompanied  by  Morris  Eyan, 
who  died  in  1878;  his  family  still  reside  here. 

Mr.  P.  B.  Corcoran  is  one  of  those  men  who 
are  justly  entitled  to  more  than  a  passing  notii'c, 
and  we  regret  that  our  limits  will  not  jjermit.  as 
much  as  we  desire  to  write  of  this  enterprising 
pioneer.  He  threaded  his  way  on  foot  into  this 
then  wilderness,  with  but  one  hand  to  help  him. 
having  lost  his  right  hand  in  a  InnilxT-iiiill  in  the 


state  of  New  York.  With  his  left  li;uid  he 
stuck  his  stake  on  section  twenty-three,  and  com- 
menced to  build  around  it,  adding  acre  to  acre 
until  he  now  is  the  possessor  of  six  hundred  and 
forty  (640)  of  them,  wliich  gradually  yielded  to 
his  intelligent  and  aggressive  strokes,  until  the 
wild  stillness  that  siu'rounded  him  had  been  con- 
verteil  into  the  busy  hum  of  an  intelligent  and 
advancing  civilization. 

His  next  care  w'as  the  school,  which  engaged 
his  attention,  and  in  two  years  after  his  arrival, 
he  organized  a  school,  built  the  rude  log  Temjile 
which  he  dedicated  to  the  Muses,  and  to  i)revent 
any  mis<lirection  of  his  intentions,  presided  over 
it  himself,  cultivating  the  young  minds  commit- 
ted to  liis  care,  more  carefidly,  than  he  did  the 
soil  on  liis  chosen  and  loved  homestead.  He  con- 
tiinied  it  for  three  months.  This  was  the  lirst 
school  taught  in  the  town.  His  organizing  genius 
has  made  itself  felt  throughout  all  the  multifa- 
rious affaii's  of  the  town.  His  acknowledged 
abilities  have  been  recognized  by  the  citizens, 
who  have  expressed  It,  by  electing  him  supervisor 
for  twelve  years,  and  so  e\'euly  iloes  lie  liold  ihe 
scales  of  Justice,  that  he  has  been  called  to  hold 
them  for  fourteen  years,  making  decisions  that 
would  honor  the  Ermine  of  the  higher  courts,  for 
all  law  is  based  on  conmion  sense,  which  desira- 
ble (luality  he  possesses  in  an  eminent  degree. 
His  next  enteiprise  was  a  store,  whicli  lie  started 
in  a  log  house  with  thatched  loot,  and  located  on 
the  west  side  of  his  farm.  Tlic  business  in- 
creased so  rai)idly  that  he  was  oliligcd  to  liiiiid  a 
larger  one  with  a  shingcd  roof.  He  kicated  it 
on  tlie  east  side  of  his  farm,  and  in  a  few  years 
was  oliligeil  loliuild  a  still  larger  one.  ItisHOxK) 
feet,  two-stories,  making  a  hall  of  the  upper  story 
which  is  used  for  town  meetings,  imblic  enter- 
taimnents.  etc.  He  was  the  lirst  postmaster  in 
the  town,  which  office  he  still  holds. 

The   settlers   with    Patrick   15.   Coicoran  were 


S18 


HISTORY  OF  HEXySPIN  COUNTY. 


William  Corcoran,  who  setttled  on  section  twen- 
ty-three, Josejih  Dejardins,  who  settled  on  section 
ninteen.  which  he  afterwards  sold,  and  now 
lives  on  section  twenty-six.  Two  brotliere 
named  romider.  and  a  Mr.  Isaac  Bartlett, 
.John  McDonnell.  Francis  Morin.  Frederick  Rein- 
king  and  Fred  Schuette,  all  taking  claims  in 
IH.5.5.  They  were  followed  in  ISoii.  Iiy  Joseph 
DiilKtnt,  who  settled  on  section  lii,  Hugh  Keran, 
who  settled  on  section  26,  and  Joseph  Moriu,  who 
.M'ttled  on  section  27.  Peter  AVeinand  came  in 
the  spring  of  IS-iii.  and  settled  on  section  17.  JSIr. 
Weinand  is  one  of  the  prominent  men  of  the 
town,  whose  wise  counsels  have  contributed 
largely  to  its  growth  and  prosi>erity.  His  ripe  exi)e- 
rience  ami  lilteral  mind,  has  entitled  him  to  the 
confidence,  not  only  of  his  fellow  countrymen, 
hut  of  all  the  citizens  of  the  town  where  he  has 
resided  since  its  earliest  settlement.  In  short,  he 
s  one  of  the  '"Solons"  of  the  town  and  represent- 
ative district,  in  which  he  lives;  having  lilled 
every  otiice  of  honor  and  trust.  He  was  twice 
elected  to  the  state  legislatuie  from  his  dis- 
trict. Mr.  John  Klere.sy  came  in  1  «•")•"),  and 
.•W'ttled  on  section  7.  now  living  on  scclion  2.  He 
is  the  )«-er  of  Mr.  Weinand,  having  lilled  the 
various  oflices  in  the  town,  and  for  several  years 
was  chairman  of  the  lK)ard  of  suiK'nisoi>!.  He  is 
full  of  puhllc  spirit,  and  a  leader  in  everything 
tending  to  the  ginwtli  of  the  (own.  He.  as  one 
of  the  suiH-rvisoi-s.  with  I'.  15.  Corcoran,  as  chair- 
man of  the  iHiard.  laid  out  the  first  road  in  the 
town— the  .Minnea|Hilisand  .Monlicello  state  road. 
in  IHoH.  Others  came  aUiut  this  time,  among 
them  Matthew  Weinand,  Martin  Dellis,  Michael 
Weir  and  Joseph  May.  all  relatives  excepting 
Weir,  and  all  sclllcd  hi  llic  nurth-wcst  ii;ilt  of  the 
town. 

Old  Mr.  anil  ,\Iis.  Weinand  are  still  living,  also 
old  Mr.  and  Mrs.  May.  )iarents  of  Joseidi  May. 
.MaiHii  I)<-llis  Is  still  livuig  011  his  (irlgiiiiil  chiim. 
William  Corcoran  ami  I'lilrick  liiirkc  ciiinc  in 
July,  IKA/i,  mid  iKtthiirc  imw  living  mi  the  ilaimR 
lirst  made.  S-venil  others  came  that  year,  hut 
went  away  and  siil(s»Hpi»'iitly  returned.  The  llrst 
Fn-ni'h  settlers  in  1H.>.'»  were  Michael  i'alnode 
and  his  son  I'eter.  Stephen  and  (Jeorgc  Archain- 
iM-aii.  Michael  and  I'eter  Kaynioml.  JoM'ph  I)ii- 
|M>nt.  JoM'ph  S<'ott.  and  others:  all  settling  in  the 
south   i>iirt    "1    "■■■  l"wn.     Mr.  i'atiKHle  died    in 


1861.  and  his  wife,  four  or  five  yeare  later.  Peter 
Ls  now  li\-iug  on  section  22.  Stephen  and  George 
Archamlieau  moved  to  Faribault  two  years  after 
making  their  claim.  Michael  and  Peter  Raymond 
live  on  their  original  claim,  on  section  20.  Josei)h 
Dupout  lives  on  his  lirst  claim,  on  section  19  ;  has 
been  postma.ster  since  July  4th,  1875.  The  post- 
oflice.  called  ••  Duiuint."  taking  its  name  from 
the  present  ollicial.  who  is  a  highly  esteemed 
citizen  of  the  town.  Joseph  Scott  died  on  his 
claim,  in  section  2ii.  and  the  fami  is  now  owned 
by  his  son,  I).  Scott.  The  same  year,  Frank 
Gagne  settled  on  section  27.  He  was  one  of  tlw 
earliest  settlers  on  the  reservation  near  Minne- 
apolis, a  little  southeast  of  the  present  site.  He 
had  some  trouble  over  a  contested  claim  there, 
finally  sold  it  and  came  here  with  his  brother, 
Joseph,  who  settled  on  section  27,  and  is  still 
living  here. 

KAIU-V  EVKNTS. 

Benjamin  Poiiiulir  Imilt  lie  Ih-st  house  in  the 
town,  in  IS.5.5.  on  section  2'>,  near  the  town  line, 
and  occujiied  it  about  two  years,  when  Robert  Ad- 
ciick  occupied  it  in  it  il  he  could  build  on  his  owni 
claim  :  then  Tlmnias  Adcock's  widow  occupied  it 
until  1870.  The  old  house  is  still  .standing,  as  a 
lanilniiirk.  though  in  a  (lil;ii)idate(l  condition.  Its 
builder  died  October  IKth,  187.5.  Resolutions  of 
resiiect  Mild  regret  at  his  loss  were  adopted  at  a 
meeting  held  at  the  district  school-house,  De- 
cember lull.  1S7").  which  were  published  in  the 
\\eekl\  'rribuiie  and  Fanners"  I'liion.  He  had 
been  clerk  of  the  district  from  its  lirst  organiza- 
tion, in  IS.W.  Was  iiniversilly  resiiected  by  the 
communit\  In  wliieli  he  lived.  His  widow,  Eliz- 
alieth  Poiiiider.  still  lives  on  the  old  homestead. 

The  first  blacksmith  shop  was  built  by  Louis 
Rerthauiue.  on  sei'tion  21,  about  nineteen  years 
ago.  He  operated  it  eight  years,  and  then  moved 
to  Osseo.  The  second  one  was  built  by  1'.  li.  Cor- 
coran, on  section  28.  a  little  west  of  his  incsent 
residence.and  operated  until  he  built  a  newonejiist 
east  of  his  house,  emiiloying  workiiicii  11)1  to  the 
time  he  leased  It  to  Nelson  Deroihe.  who  is  now 
operating  it.  and  doing  good  work. 

The  first  birth  was  James  J.  Corcoran,  son  of 
William  Corcoran,  bom  February  22d.  IH.iti.  Ho 
now  living  in  .\iistin,  Minnesota. 

The  lii'st  marriage  was  that  of  .lohii  -McDonald 
to  Sarah  Cniwford,  in  18.57. 


COBCOBAN—CHURCHEf^SCHOOLS. 


319 


The  first  death  was  Nicholas  O'Brien,  ui  1858, 
who  died  at  the  liouse  of  his  daugliter,  2ilis.  Fox,  in 
the  nortli  pai-t  of  the  town,  aged  eiglity-tive  years. 

The  first  school  hi  the  town  was  taught  by  P. 
B.  Corcoran,  in  a  log  house  erected  on  his  o\mi 
land,  in  1857. 

ORGANIZATION. 

The  town  was  organized  at  a  meeting  held  at 
the  house  of  P.  B.  Corcoran,  May  11th,  1858, 
when  Israel  Dorman  was  made  temporary  Chair- 
man, John  Molan,  Moderator,  and  Pat  Braw 
temporary  Clerk.  Officers  elected  were:  Super- 
visors, Israel  Dorman,  Chairman,  P.  B.  Corcoran. 
John  P.  Kleresy;  Town  Clerk,  I'at  Braw:  Assess- 
or, Thomas  Kiley;  Collector,  Michael  Patnode; 
Overseer  of  the  Poor,  Francis  Ganiieen;  Justices 
of  the  Peace,  Israel  Dorman  and  Peter  Patnode: 
Constables,  J.  Biu-ret  and  John  Coon.  At  this 
meeting,  the  town  was  named  Corcoran,  in  honor 
of  P.  B.  Corcoran,  its  founder. 

CHURCHES. 

Catholic  churcli,  located  on  section  two.  on  the 
north  line,  was  organized  in  1856,  and  is  the  old- 
est church  in  the  town.  Services  are  occasionally 
held  in  it.  Also  have  a  cemetery  in  connection 
with  the  cluu-ch. 

Sauit  Thomas  Catholic  Church  is  located  on 
section  15,  and  was  organized  in  1856.  It  was 
started  by  the  Irish  members  from  the  th-st  men- 
tioned church,  and  assisted  by  the  Germans. 
First  officiating  priest.  Father  Jermis,  who  started 
with  about  thirty  families.  It  has  continued  to 
grow  in  niuubers,  until  it  now  has  aljoul  fort>- 
five  families  with  Father  Hays  as  priest. 

Saint  John's  French  Catholic  Chinch  was  es- 
tablished in  1873,  by  the  French  element  from 
Samt  Thomas  Church.  The  first  priest  was  Father 
Ladriere;  present  priest,  Father  Boucher.  Tliis 
church  has  about  forty  families,  who  attend  its 
meetings. 

German  Evangelical  Association.  This  church 
is  located  on  the  north-east  comer  of  section  12, 
and  embraces  twenty  or  thirty  famiUes  from  Cor- 
coran and  Maple  Grove. 

The  Lutheran  Church  is  located  on  section  18. 
and  was  erected  about  fifteen  years  ago,  now  has 
a  large  congregation.  There  is  a  school  held  in 
the  church  for  the  study  of  the  German  language, 
about  si.x  months  m  the  year,  attended  by  i)upils 
from  Corcoran  and  Maple  Grove. 


SCHOOLS. 

The  Hi-st  school  in  the  town  was  taught  by  P. 
B.  Corcoran,  in  a  log  house  12x16,  in  the  winter 
of  1857,  with  about  sixteen  scholars.  This  build- 
ing was  used  for  about  four  >ears.  when  the  pres- 
ent building  was  erected  in  <listrict  No.  65. 
School  district  No.  64,  house  located  on  section 
29.  School  district  No.  107,  house  located  on 
section  7.  Joint  school  district  No.  67,  house 
located  on  section  -1.  School  district  No.  66, 
house  located  on  section  10.  There  are  besides, 
four  joint  districts  with  other  tov\nis. 

POST-OFFICES. 

The  first  post-office  was  established  on  section 
23,  P.  B.  Corcoran  postmaster.  He  has  held  the 
office  since  it  was  first  established,  with  weekly 
mail  route  from  Osseo  to  Rockford,  on  Saturday. 
Dupont  post-office,  on  section  19,  was  established 
in  1875.  Joseph  Dupont,  postmaster,  lias  held 
the  office  since  its  establishment. 

.STORES. 

P.  B.  Corcoran  established  a  store  on  the  south- 
east part  of  section  23,  in  1863,  and  now  has  the 
largest  stock  of  general  merchandise  in  the  town. 

Mr.  E.  Huot  establislied  one  on  section  21,  four 
years  ago,  with  a  fair  stock  of  goods. 

OFFICIAL  ROSTER. 

At  a  town  meeting  held  ui  April,  1880,  the  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected  :  Supenisors,  Thomas 
Corcoran,  chairman.  Octave  Dupere,  Joseiih  Pot- 
vin ;  Toflii  Clerk,  Peter  Patnode ;  Assessor, 
John  Molan  ;  Treasiu'er,  John  McDonald  ;  Jus- 
tices, Peter  Weinand  and  James  Corcoran  ;  Con- 
stables, John  (iaurs  and  Octave  Dniieie. 

STATISTICS. 

Whole  number  of  acres,  22,948;  valuation  of 
land,  $271,722;  valuation  of  personal  property, 
S48,883.     Taxes  for  1880,  S2.614. 

Tlie  population  of  the  township  is,  by  the  last 
census,  1,078.  There  were,  according  to  report 
for  1880,  horses  over  two  yearsold,  404  ;  cattle  over 
two  years  old,  658  ;  nimiber  of  sheep,  625 ;  numljer 
of  hogs,  571  :  acres  sown  to  wheat,  3,300. 

nif)r;RAriiiCAi.. 

llobert  Adcock,  a  native  of  Norfolk,  England. 
was  bom  in  1827.  He  emigi-ated  to  America  in 
1849,   and   lived   in   Boston,   Massachusetts,   six 


32(1 


HISTOUY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


years;  lie  moved  to  Minnesota  in  1855.  made  one  of 
tlie  first  claims  in  Con-onm.  and  is  now  the  oldest 
livinn  settler  in  llie  town.  In  ISoo  lie  was  mar- 
ried to  Martr.iret  Hiirk.  They  have  six  children: 
Thomas  F..  Mary  E..  (Jcorut-  \V...Jolin.  Kiith  M. 
anil  .lames. 

Octave  Honcher  was  lH)rn  in  Quebec,  Canada,  in 
\M-2.  He  Hved  there  until  twelve  years  of  age. 
In  18oi«  he  came  to  Minnesota  with  his  parents, 
who  took  a  claim  in  Plymouth,  lie  enlisted  in 
1W)3.  in  Hatch's  Battallion.  f'onipany  B.  Minne- 
soUi  X'oliinleers.  and  went  north  during  the  In- 
dian oulhreak,  stayed  three  years,  and  was  dis- 
charged at  Fort  Snelllng  in  IHGG.  He  bought  the 
farm,  in  lMi7.  wliere  he  now  lives.  The  same 
year  he  married  Delaina  Greenwood,  by  wlioui 
he  has  hail  live  children. 

Patrick  15.  ("oivoran.  is  a  native  of  Ireland, 
wlieiv  he  was  born  in  ls2").  During  the  Irish  fam- 
ine he  occii)iied  the  jiosition  of  Government  re- 
lief oHicer.  In  1847  he  emigrated  to  America  ; 
went  to  Maine  and  stayed  about  two  years.  In 
isiti  lie  went  to  New  York,  wliere,  for  live  years 
he  was  engaged  as  sawyer  in  a  hunbermlll: 
while  there,  he  lost  his  right  liand.  In  IKo-j  he 
i-anie  til  .Minnesota .and  after  prospectingfora  lime. 
liK'ated  where  he  now  lives.  lie  was  one  of 
the  lii-ht  settlers  in  this  town,  which  was  named 
for  him.  In  ]8(i3  he  started  a  store,  and  has  been 
jMiM  master  since  thai  time,  lie  built  a  new 
store  in  IKH".  to  accommodate  bis  increasing 
huKiiiess.  Mr.  Corcoran  has  lillcil  Uic  oiljces  of 
.liistlce  of  the  Peace  for  fourteen  years,  and 
Town  Su|M'rvisor  twelve  years;  he  also  organized 
and  taught  the  llrst  scIiikiI  in  the  town.  Married 
In  1851.  Anna  Krechan.  They  have  citrlit  cliil- 
ilren. 

William  Corcoran,  a  native  of  Coik  county, 
Ireland,  was  bom  in  18:>1.  In  1847  he  came  to 
.Viuericji.  landed  in  lioston,  Massachusetts,  ami 
lived  there  two  years  :  moved  lo  IhilTalo.  New 
Vork.  and  stayed  one  year,  then  ninvcd  lo  Mjn- 
newita  in  1855,  und  located  in  Corcoran,  when-  he 
now  lives.  He  has  lilled  iill  oHicesof  (rust  in  the 
town.  In  1854  he  was  married  to  Catherine  Craw- 
ford. b>  whom  he  has  had  live  chililren,  four  are 
now  living.  In  I8(i:t  Mrs.  Cori'oi-.in  died,  and  in 
IMliIhe  married  Mary  Itiirke. 

Dennis  Daniel  was  Ikihi  in  Montreal.  Can- 
ailii  ill    1HJ5.     In   1841'  he  moved  to   \'erniont 


where  he  worked  ten  yeare  at  farming.  In  1852 
he  went  to  Canada  again  and  stayed  one  year. 
Came  to  Minnesota  in  1853,  and  worked  on  the 
river  at  Stillwater  three  yeaiv.  then  went  to  Ar- 
kansas, and  was  engaged  in  lumbering  three  years, 
lie  moved  lo  St.  Paul  and  stayed  from  1859  to 
186(>.  wlicn  he  caiiii'  tn  Corcoran  and  bought  the 
farm  cm  which  he  now  lives.  He  was  married  in 
1S54.  to  Mrs.  Mary  llennesee.  who  had  tliree 
cliildreii. 

.Iiiscpli  Dcganlins  was  liorn  in  Quebec  in  1885. 
wlieiv  be  lived  for  seventeen  years,  when  he  went 
to  Bangor,  Maine,  and  worked  at  lumbering  two 
yeai-s.  In  1854  he  moved  to  Minnesota  and 
worked  hi  the  woods  until  the  siiringof  1855, 
when  he  came  lo  Corcoran  anil  made  a  claim  in 
.section  19  ;  sold  part  of  it  and  made  another  on 
section  26,  where  be  now  lives.  He  enlisled  in 
a  Minnesota  regiment  in  lHi)2,  and  served  three 
years  against  the  Indians,  was  discharged  at  Fori 
Snelllng.  July  1861,  he  was  married  to  Miss  T. 
Scott.     They  are  the  parents  of  si.x  children. 

Moses  Dut'iMir  was  born  in  Quebec,  Canada,  in 
is.'i;;.  anil  livcii  tliere  eighteen  years.  In  1851  he 
went  lo  Maine  and  worked  at  Inniln'ring  live 
vears.  lo  St.  -Vntliony  in  ls5ii.  wcnl  up  Ihc  river 
and  wiirkiil  in  the  iiineries  live  years,  after  which 
be  spent  sexen  years  among  the  Chippewa  Indi- 
ans as  interpreter  for  traders.  In  187(1  be  bought 
the  farm  where  he  now  lives.  Married  Hosetle 
l.asart,  by  whom  be  has  had  live  chiklren, 

Joseph  l)ii|Mint.  a  native  of  Montreal,  Canada, 
was  born  in  IHSl.  Ilr  lived  there  seventeen 
veal's,  when  he  nio\cil  tn  \'ermont  and  stayed 
i-iglit  \cai's.  In  ls5i)  be  raiiii'  lo  Minnesnta.  and 
ijiailc  a  ilaiiii  in  Corcoran,  where  he  has  since 
rrsiiliil.  Ilr  was  nianied  in  1859.  to  .\ngelina 
Forlin.  TIii'n  lia\r  six  rliildrcn  now  living.  In 
lS(i;i.  .Mr.  anil  .Mis.  Dupunt  visited  thcii'  native 
liiiiiie.  reniaining  aliiiiil  tni  months. 

Hugh  Keran,  born  in  Ireland  in  181s,  came  to 
.\meriia  in  1849,  landed  in  New  York  and  stayed 
llicjc  until  Is.jO,  when  he  went  to  HulTalo,  In 
IS.")!)  he  moved  lo  .Minnesota,  and  boiighl  the 
farm  he  now  lives  on.  \\v  nianicil.  in  lst>2,  Mar- 
garet Hranagaii.  Ii>  wlimii  be  has  had  two  chil- 
dren. 

.lolin  .\Ii|)niiiii-ll  is  a  native  >>i  WatiTlnril 
loiinly.  Ireland,  where  he  was  born  in  1835.  Ilr 
emigrated   lo   America   in    ]Hr,'2.  and    seltled    in 


COECOBA  N— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


321 


Orange  county,  New  York ;  remained  there  two 
years,  then  went  to  ^\lsconsin  and  hved  one 
year:  from  tliere  he  came  to  Minnesota  and 
made  a  claim  in  Corcoran,  in  1855.  lie  lived  in 
Minneapolis  in  1856.  and  in  1857  went  to  his 
claim,  where  he  lias  since  resided.  lie  held  the 
office  of  town  supervisor  one  year,  and  town 
treasurer  seven  years.  He  married,  in  1856, 
Sarah  Crawford,  by  whom  he  has  had  ten  children. 

Francis  Morin  was  born  in  Queliec.  in  18:26,  and 
lived  there  twenty  years.  He  moved  fo  Lake 
Superior  in  1846,  worked  in  the  copper  and  iron 
mines  for  three  years,  and  then  retiirned  to  Que- 
bec. In  1851  he  moved  to  St.  Anthony  and 
stayed  four  years,  when  he  came  to  Corcoran  and 
has  since  resided  here.  He  was  married  in  1863 
to  Alice  O'llearn.  He  is  the  father  of  seven  chil- 
dren. 

Joseph  Morin  was  born  in  .Montreal,  in  IHKl. 
He  lived  there  thirty  years  ;  went  to  Michi.a'an  in 
184(1,  stayed  about  one  jear,  then  worked  four 
years  at  Lake  Superior  as  ship-wright.  ISIarried, 
in  1844,  Lissette  Landeau.  In  1845  he  started 
for  ^Minnesota  with  a  birch  bark  canoe ;  and 
accompanied  by  his  wife,  followed  the  Black 
river  fifteen  days,  then  they  packed  their  few 
things  and  he  carried  the  canoe,  on  foot,  to  the 
St.  Croix  river,  which  the^-  reached  in  one  day  ; 
the>-  followed  it  to  the  ^Mississippi,  thence  to  St. 
Paul,  where  they  remained  eleven  years.  Moved 
to  Corcoran  in  1856,  and  have  since  resided  here. 
They  have  nine  children. 

David Noonan,  a  native  of  Ireland,  v*as  born  in 
1820.  He  lived  there  thirty  years,  and  came  to 
America  in  1850.  He  went  to  I'hiladelphia, 
where  he  remained  six  years,  then  removed  to 
Iowa  for  one  year,  and  in  1857  came  to  Corcoran, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  Married,  in  1863, 
Margaret  Hayes.    They  have  one  daughter. 

Jacob  Os\\ald  was  born  in  Tennsylvania,  Octo- 
ber 1850.  He  lived  there  six  years,  and  in  1S56, 
moved  to  JMiiniesola  with  his  parents,  with  whom 
he  lived  until  seventeen  years  of  age,  when  his 
father  bought  a  farm  for  him  and  his  brother. 
In  1873  he  bought  the  farm  he  now  lives  on.  He 
married  in  1873,  Caroline  Kothrada,  by  whom  he 
has  four  children. 

Christian  Ranking  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1835. 
He  lived  there  twenty-four  years ;  moved  to  Ame- 
rica in  1859,  and  settle<l  in  Corcoran,  where  he 
21 


now  resides.  He  was  drafted  in  1865,  into  the 
Second  Minnesota  Regiment,  and  was  discharged 
at  Washington,  at  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1860 
he  married  Katruie  Ileagleman.  They  have  ten 
children  living. 

Frederich  Reinking,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was 
born  iu  1827.  lie  emigrated  to  America  in  1S47: 
stopped  in  l!altiin<ire  five  months,  tlicn  went  to 
Pittsburg  and  remained  seven  years,  working  on 
a  steamboat.  In  1855  he  moved  to  St.  Paul, 
thence  to  Corcoran  where  he  has  since  lived.  His 
wife  was  Charlotte  Schafer;  by  her,  he  has  had 
eleven  children,  eight  of  whom  are  now  living. 

Fred.  Sclmette  was  born  in  Hanover,  in  1826, 
where  he  lived  twenty-one  years.  He  came  to 
America  in  1854,  resided  in  Pittsburg  eleven 
months  and  moved  to  Minnesota  in  18.55:  stoiii)ed 
a  short  time  in  St.  Paul,  then  came  to  Corcoran, 
which  has  since  been  his  home.  In  1863  he  joined 
the  Third  :Minnesota  Regiment,  went  south  with 
it  and  was  gone  sixteen  months.  He  married 
Minnie  Schomaker  in  1852,by  whom  he  has  one  son. 

F.  W.  Webb  was  born  in  England,  in  1849. 
and  li\ed  there  twenty-one  years.  He  emigrated 
to  America  in  1870,  and  settled  in  Corcoran  where 
he  lias  since  resided.  He  has  built  a  substantial 
farm-house  valued  at  $1,000.  In  the  fall  of  1872 
he  returned  to  England,  and  married  Elizabeth 
Barrows:  he  returned  the  following  spring  with 
his  wife  to  his  home  in  Corcoran.  They  are  the 
parents  of  two  children. 

Peter  Weinand.  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  in  1838.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1852, 
and  settled  in  Wisconsin;  removed  to  ^linnesota 
in  18.56.  and  in  1858  bought  the  farm  in  Corcoran 
on  which  he  has  since  lived.  In  1877.  he  was 
elected  representative  from  the  twenty-seventh 
district,  and  has  held  every  position  of  trust  in 
his  town.  He  married,  iji  1864.  Mary  Swagert. 
l)y  whom  he  has  six  children. 

August  AV'estphal  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1831. 
He  was  educated  in  his  native  land;  graduated 
fr«m  the  College  of  Bromberg,  and  followed 
school-teaching  for  twelve  years.  Enlisted  in 
the  German  army  in  1851,  and  served  three  years 
in  Berlin.  He  emigrated  to  America  m  1864, 
settled  in  ..Milwaukee  and  taught  school.  In 
1866  became  to  .Minnesota,  and  liiuilly  settled  in 
Corcoran.  Married,  in  lsti6,  Kiuily  Long,  by 
whom  he  has  had  fourteen  childifii. 


322 


HISTOEY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY 


MAPLE  (IKOVE. 


<II.\]'Ti:U    I,n. 

GENERAL  DESCHII'TION  -KIUST   SETTLKMENT 

OKOANIZATIOX cmKCUKS LYCEUM 

S(  noOLS  -MANTKAI TIHES  —  Tf)WX  IIOISE— 
CEMETEHIES— KOSIKH  KOIi  IHMI  lili  k.i;  A  I'lii- 
CAL. 

Till"  town  <if   Maple  (Jiovp  is  sitnaled  in  the 
iiortliei-ii  central  jiait  of  Ileiiiiepiii  county,  and  is 
licMiniied  on  tlie  ncntli  In   Dayton  and  Cliamplin. 
east  l(y  UnKiklyn  and  Osseo,  soiilh  by  Plynioutli. 
and  west  by  C>)rcoran.    The  surface  of  the  town  is 
rolling.  exce])tin^  on  sections  22  and  23.  where  it 
Is  bluffy.     When  first  settled,  it  was  heavily  tim- 
bered with  a  large  growth  of  clin.  oak.  liasswood 
and  maple,  the  latter  growing  in  large  (|uantities. 
scattered  in  such  beautiful  groves  over  the  town, 
that  it  was  named   Maple  Grove.    The  south- 
eastern portion  of  the  town  is  covered  with  a  low 
underbrush.     Hottineau  Prairie,  west  of  Osseo, 
includes  half  of  section  1.  all  of  section  12.  one- 
quarter  of  section  !  I,  and  half  of  section  Vi.     It 
is  l)ordered  by  a  narrow  belt  of  brush  land.     The 
remaining  portion  is  timber  and  wild  meadow 
land,  with  line  rich  meadows  bordering  on   Hush 
<  'reek.   The  soil  is  a  black  loam  with  clay  sub-soil, 
excepting  on  the  east  part  of  the  prairie,  where  it 
IH  gravel.     There  are  several  lakes  in  the  town. 
all  well  stocked  with  lisli.  except   Mud  Lake; 
among  them  are  Kagle  Lake,  in  the  south-east 
comer  of  the  town,  occujjying  the  greater  jiortion 
of  section  H(\:  this  is  the  largest  lake  in  the  town. 
Fish    J^ake  is  a  long  and   somewhat  irregular- 
sliaped  lM>dy.  watering  iHirtions  of  sections  2L  22, 
27  and  2H.     Weaver  Lake,  on  sections  17.  IK,  lit 
and  2(1,    in  the  west  iiart.  and  Wice  Lake  near  the 
centre,  mostly  on  section  IH.    Cedar  Island  Lake 
on  sections  2tl  and  27,  takes  its  name  from  the 
three  Islands  that  it  surrounds,  which  are  cov- 
en'<l  with  a  small  growth  of  cerlar.     It  is  also 
waleivd  by  Klni  «'n'ek.  which  rises  in  the  nnrth- 


easteni  partof  PlyinduUi.  and  Hows  north-easteriy 
through  TticeLake  ;  thence  on  in  the  same  direc- 
tion. en)i)tying  into  Ilayilen's  Lake,  in  tlie  town 
of  Dayton.  Ku.sh  Creek  also  Hows  through  the 
northern  portion  of  the  town  in  an  easterly  direc- 
tion, and  forms  a  .iunction  with  Khn  Creek  on 
section  34.  in  Dayton,  near  the  nurtliern  lidund- 
ary  line  of  the  town. 

FIRST  SETTLEMENT. 

The  stillness  of  the  forests  which  covered  much 
(if  the  territory  now  embraced  within  the  limits 
of  the  town  of  Maple  Grove,  had  never  been  dis- 
turiied.  except  by  the  stealthy  tread  of  the  Indian, 
until  Louis  P.  Garvais,  in  18.31,  broke  the  silence 
which  for  ages  had  peiTaded  the  wilderness.  He 
settled  on  the  southeast  (piarter  of  section  12.  and 
sounded  the  first  notes  of  civilization  from  that 
point.  AVith  his  family  he  labored,  battling  with 
the  forest  and  wild  beasts,  and  with  the  more  for- 
midable Winnebagos.  who,  two  years  after  his 
settlement,  were  removed  to  their  reservation. 

About  the  same  time  came  William  M.  Ewing, 
who  heli)ed  survey  the  town  and  name  it.   Ewing 
moved  to  Osseo.  in  lSo7.     \\ith  the  retirement  of 
the  Indians,  the  prospects  of  the  settlers  bright- 
ened, and  the  face  of  the  country  was  soon  dotted 
with  the  betterments  of  a  hardy  class  of  pioneers. 
InMay.  1854,  came  Harvey  Abel,  who,  following 
the  cour.se  of  empire,  westward,  marked  his  claim 
where  the  Town  House  now  stands,  the  lirst  west  of 
Bottineau  Prairie.     He  sold  his  claim  and  made 
another,  and.  full  of  Vankec  enlerpri.se.  sold  that 
and  made  the  third  and   last  claim,  the  one  on 
which  he  now  lives,  built  his  log  cabin,  covered  it 
with  bark,  and  used  the  same  material  for  floor 
and  tables,  cooked  for  himself,  and  lived  alone  for 
lliree  yeais.     The  same  year  came  A.  O.  Angell, 
and  settled  on  section  1(1.  built  his  cabin  of  rough 
logs  and  I'overed  it  with  bark.  .si)lit  and  hiid  bass- 
wood  slabs  for  his  floor,  and  conuuenced  house- 
keeping.   The  same  year  came   W.  E.  Evans, 
from    Chittenden    cnnnlv.  Vevnioiil.  and   located 


MAPLE  GROVE— FIRST  SETTLEMENT— CHURCHES. 


323 


on  section  4,  where  he  now  lives.  He  built 
the  Ih'st  log  cabin  on  the  road  between  Min- 
neapolis and  Crow  River.  Patrick  Devery  also 
came  in  18.54,  and  located  on  section  28,  where  he 
still  lives.  He  bnilt  him  a  home,  and  gathered 
alMHit  him  a  small  stock  of  cattle.  Hehadonecow 
stolen  and  killed  by  the  Indians,  who  roasted 
one-half  of  it,  and  took  the  rest  away  with  them, 
on  their  way  to  the  battle  between  the  Chippewas 
and  Sioux,  at  Shakopee,  in  185S. 

Late  in  1854,  O.  K.  Champlin  came  and  set- . 
tied  on  section  16.    He  built  his  house  in  the 
woods,  and  in  the  place  of  bark,  which  was  then 
much  in  use  for  covering,  used  wooden  troughs  for 
shingles. 

In  1855,  came  J.  H.  Briggs,  who  settled  on  sec- 
tion 4,  in  the  north  part  of  the  town,  and  built  his 
log  house;  brouglit  his  provisions  on  his  back, 
from  Saint  Anthony,  a  distance  of  sixteen  miles, 
marked  trees  being  his  only  guide.  The  same 
year  came  John  Cook,  and  located  on  section  30. 
In  June  of  the  same  year,  Luther  Hoff  came  and 
settled  on  section  8;  he  died  in  October  1864. 
His  widow,  Mrs.  Minerva  HofI',  is  still  living  on 
the  iilace.  Aijout  the  same  time  came  Patrick 
Darmody  and  settled  on  section  3],  hi  tlie  south- 
west corner  of  the  town.  In  the  fall  of  the  same 
year,  came  William  Trott,  and  settled  on  sec- 
tion 10.  He  lived  in  a  little  shanty  co\ered  with 
bark,  the  first  winter,  and  with  tlie  true  pioneer 
pluck,  he  worked  on  alone,  opening  up  his  farm, 
until  now  he  has  all  the  evidences  of  thrift  around 
him.  lu  1856.  John  M.  Eddy  came  from  Addi- 
son county,  Vermont,  and  settled  in  the  norlli 
part  on  section  4,  of  the  town,  and  is  now  an 
honored  and  respected  citizen.  He  has  filled  the 
office  of  town  clerk  for  many  years,  with  credit 
to  himself  and  satisfaction  to  the  town.  George 
A.  Laflin  came  from  Chittenden  county,  Ver- 
mont, in  18.36,  and  settled  on  section  10,  in  the 
north  part  of  the  town,  and  is  now  one  of  the 
prominent  citizens  of  Maple  (irove.  From  this 
date  (]8.j6)  settlements  were  (|uite  rapid,  and  the 
next  care  was  the  church  and  school,  tlie  only 
real  foundations  upon  which  a  community 
can  .securely  liuild.  The  first  preacliing  in  the 
town  was  at  the  house  of  P.  H.  Xewton. 
on  section  4,  in  18.55,  by  Rev.  L.  Atkinson, 
a  Baptist.  Later,  in  1856-7,  came  the  Rev. 
C.  G.  Ames  and  held  services  in  the  north  part 


of  the  towni,  preaching  to  the  Free  Will  Baptists 
for  about  a  year.  About  the  same  time,  came 
the  Rev.  Mr.  White,  Methodist,  preaching  at  the 
house  of  P.  B.  Xewton,  on  section  4.  The  first 
school  was  taught  in  the  summer  of  1858,  in  an 
old  vacant  dwelling  house  on  section  4,  by  Delos 
Hawkins.  Tlie  first  marriage  was  that  of  J.  M. 
Eddy  to  Mary  E.  Evans,  Feliruary  24th,  1857,  by 
Rev.  Lewis  Atkinson. 

First  birth,  Persis,  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
J.  H.  Briggs,  in  the  winter  of  1855-6. 

First  deaths,  Alonzo  and  Melissa  Corey,  chil- 
dren of  James  M.  Corey,  in  the  winter  of  1855-6. 

ORCJANIZATION. 

The  first  meeting  for  the  purpose  of  organizing 
a  board  of  town  officers,  was  held  April  11,  1858, 
at  the  house  of  Hiram  Blowers.  Meeting  called 
to  order  and  Hiram  Blowers  elected  Moderator, 
and  J.  M.  Eddy  Clerk.  Supervisors,  A.  C.  Aus- 
tin, Jeremiah  Brown,  Robert  Woodard  ;  Town 
Clerk,  J.  M.  Eddy ;  Assessor,  William  R.  Champ- 
lin ;  Collector,  Chauncey  Blowers ;  Overseer  of 
Poor,  P.  B.  Newton  ;  Constables,  Cliarles  Savage 
and  J.  M.  Corey;  Justices,  William  E.  Evans 
and  Moses  Blowers. 

Previous  to  this  organization  a  vote  was  taken 
on  the  "Five  Million  Loan,"'  and  every  vote  in 
the  precinct  was  against  it. 

CHURCHES. 

There  are  two  Methodist  Episcopal  churches 
in  the  town,  one  located  on  section  17,  and  built 
in  1868.  A  class  was  formed  ilbout  twenty  years 
ago,  and  from  it  has  grown  the  present  church. 
Rev.  Mr.  White  was  the  first  minister.  The  sec- 
ond Methodist  P^piscopal  church  is  located  on 
section  4,  in  the  north  iiart  of  the  town,  and  is 
not  yet  completed,  but  in  a  condition  to  permit 
public  worship.  Both  the  Methodist  churches 
are  now  supplied  semi-monthly  by  the  pastor 
from  the  town  of  Champlin. 

Maple  Grove  Catholic  Churcli  is  located  on 
section  29,  in  the  south-western  part  of  the  town 
near  school  No.  45,  lias  been  in  cliarge  of  the  Rev. 
Father,  A.  Ladriere  for  the  jiast  five  years,  and 
has  a  membership  of  over  a  hundred  families. 

Tlie  Congregatioiialists  liad  preacliing  for  a  few 
years  in  the  school-house  on  .section  4,  by  the  Rev. 
A.  K.  Packard,  from  Anoka,  but  for  the  past 
seven  years  have  had  no  regular  preaching. 


324 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


The  Universalisls  )i;iv('  inpacliing  occasionally 
in  tlie  scliiMil-liiiiist'  on  section  4.  by  Hevs.  (iood- 
ricliand  IIaiTin>.'lon.     Tlicrc  is  also  an  Kpiscojial 
senice   conducted    senii-niontlily  at   the  same  j 
jilacc  liy  tlif  IJfv.  Mr.  Pise,  of  .Minneapolis. 

s<i<ii;ru->. 

1.  (».  (i.  'J".  This  Lodfre  was  oipniized  in  ISCio.  , 
They  hnilt  for  their  acconunodation  .a  hall  overthe 
s<-hool-honse  in  District  Xo.  A-.  wliere  rejinlar 
meetings  were  held  for  several  years,  and  the  town 
rejoiced  over  the  jrood  wurk  it  was  doing,  l)ut 
like  all  hnnian  efforts,  it  ha<l  the  frenn  of  decay 
in  it.  which  fed  u|Hin  its  vitality  until  it  finally 
iM'canie  entiivly  extinct. 

MA1I.1-;  (JifoVK   I.YCKrM. 

Was  orjtani/.ed  in  the  winter  of  IS.'iS-i),  in  the 
s<-li<H)l-liou.se  in  District  42.  In  coiniection  with 
it.  wa.s  starteil  a  paiicr  called  the  "^Iai)le  Grove 
Watchman."  lead  each  week  dnrins  the  winter 
months.  It  was  here  the  •■  Conscri])!  Fathers" 
of  the  town,  met  to  discnss  the  leading  questions 
of  the  (lay— to  measure  swords  in  an  earnest  de- 
liate.  and  it  is  to  he  hoi>ed.  always  rising  ahove 
the  dehasing  inlluenci-s  of  an  angry  discussion. 
It  giX'W,  and  flourished  f<ir  a  time,  calling  to  its 
aid  such  men  as  AV.  A.  Crawford.  Assistant  Edi- 
tor of  the  ••  Xew  Vork  (iraiihic."  wlio  gave  them 
a  lectiin-  the  first  winter  of  its  existence.  The 
"  Watcliman  "  chronicled  the  events  of  the  town 
and  many  were  the  sharp  "home  thrusts"  that 
Itristled  from  llscolunnis.  lint  Its  glory  is  past, 
anil  it.  like  sonie  of  its  founders  has  gone  to  rest. 

S(  IKIOLS. 

The  school  system  In  this  town  is  ciiual  to  any 
in  Hennepin  county,  which  is  called  the  hanner 
county  of  the  state.  The  llrst  school  in  the  town 
Wiu*  estalilished  on  section  4.  in  school  district  Xo. 
4:2.  and  is  now  a  joint  district.  The  <  it  her  join  I  ones 
are  No.  KM.  located  on  section  •!,  and  Xo.  4(1,  lo- 
i-ated  on  se<'tion  'J'.  The  entire  districts  are  No. 
4'».  lo<-ale<l  on  section  llli,  Xo.  44,  located  on  .sec- 
tion 17.  and  No.  Ion.  locateil  on  section  1).  He- 
Hides  lliitM'  an-  joint  ilislricts  Xos.  HH,  4H  and  4.'), 
liouiteK  liicntwl  in  <it)ier  townships.  All  the  school 
linildings  in  (he  town  are  nearly  new  and  in 
KimnI  H'palr:  4'.'  ami  4il  are  furnished  with  |iatent 
de«kH  Hiiil  M-atH. 


MANUFACTX'RES. 

A  small  saw-mill  was  Imilt  on  Elm  Creek,  sec- 
tion in,  in  1st'.."),  hy  Franklin  Cook  and  changed 
to  a  grist  mill  in  isiis.  It  now  has  two  run  of 
stcme.  one  for  flour  and  one  for  feed,  wliich  is  a 
great  convenience  foi'  the  innnediate  neighbor- 
hiKid.  Tliere  are  in  the  town,  four  amber  cane 
mills,  owned  and  located  as  follows:  S.  S.  Hawk- 
ins, on  section  3;  E.  P.  Woodworlh,  on  section  3; 
Henry  Abel  on  section  17.  and  one  on  section  18, 
owned  by  AVilliam  and  James  Chapman.  Each 
one  (if  tlicni  has  a  capacity  of  from  eight  to 
.sixteen  Inniilicd  gallons  annually. 

TOWN   HorsE. 

'I'lic  first  building  used  for  a  town  jiouse.  was 
purchased  of  lliiaiu  I'.lowers  and  fitteil  u])  for 
the  use  of  the  town  in  l.st>3.  It  is  located  on  sec- 
tion!). It  was  used  until  the  present  building 
was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  old  one  in  1877. 
Size,  "Jl'xS^.  one  story  high,  well  built  and  \n  good 
condition. 

CKMKTKRIKS. 

There  are  three  cemeteries  in  the  town,  located 
as  follows:  One  on  section  4,  established  sixteen 
years  ago  by  an  association,  as  a  general  burial 
groimd  ;  and  one  on  the  extreme  west  line  of  sec 
tion  7 ;  also  one  on  the  north  line  of  the  siime 
section. 

ori'u  lAi.  liosTKK  roi;  1880. 

Supervisors — AVilliam  E.  Evans,  chairman, 
Fred  Pauley  and  James  McConnell ;  Town  Clerk, 
J.  M.  Eddy;  Treasurer,  CJeorge  A.  Latlini  As- 
sessor, John  A.  (^onover;  Justices,  Charles  Leon- 
ard and  A\'illiani  K.  Kvans:  Constables.  William 
Joslin  and  John  Odenbreicht.  Wliole  nundier  of 
acres,  21,31s.  A'aluatlon  of  real  estate,  ?293,162; 
of  personal  pro|ieity,  ^;47,^i(l7.  Taxes  for  ISSO. 
S3,808.     Poimlallon  in  Isso.  I.l.VJ. 

UllKiUAl'IlHAI,. 

Henry  .Miel  was  liorn  in  Kssex  county.  Xew 
York,  May  stli.  IM'I.  lie  lived  tliere  twenty- 
three  years,  ami  in  llillsilale.  .Micliigan.  four 
years.  .Married  .\nn  K.  Lolnlell,  in  1S.")(); 
she  died  in  bS.'ii:.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  Aiiril, 
1K.'>4,  and  took  a  claim  in  .Maiilc  (irove,  where 
the  town  house  now  stands.  He  illd  the  first 
mason  work  this  side  of  St.  .Xnthony.  He  made 
a  claim    and  sold  It:  tlicn    iiia<l>'  amitlici':  sold 


MAPLE  GROVE— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


325 


that,  and  took  the  oue  he  now  lives  on ;  built  a 
log  house  ten  feet  square  and  covered  it  with  hark, 
using  the  same  material  for  floor  and  tables.  In 
l.SoS.  he  was  married  to  Sarah  ^I.  Brown,  who 
died  in  1861.  He  married  bis  third  \\ife,  Sarah 
Weaver,  in  lSfi2.  Mr.  Abel  built  a  new  bouse, 
which,  with  contents,  was  destroyed  l)y  fire  in 
1870.  lie  is  the  father  of  four  children.  Ilis 
third  wife  died  in  October,  1880. 

A.  O.  Angell  was  born  m  Bridgewater,  Ver- 
mont, in  1834.  He  moved  with  Ids  parents  to 
Michigan,  then  to  Ohio,  and  in  18.5-t,  came  to 
Minnesota,  and  made  a  claim  in  Maple  Grove. 
Jmie  8th,  186.5,  be  married  Alary  Atkinson. 
They  have  two  children  living.  He  lived  in  his 
cabin  covered  with  bark  and  with  floor  of  bass- 
wood  slabs,  until  1858.  Mr.  Angell  helped  to  cut 
the  first  road  leading  from  Osseo  to  Rice  Lake. 

J.  H.  Briggs  was  born  in  Smyrna,  Chenango 
county,  Xew  York,  April  19th,  1828.  He  came 
to  Mimiesota,  and  located  in  ^Staple  Grove  in  1855. 
Iklariied  Jane  A.  Faulkner  in  1852.  They  have 
six  children.  The  first  year  he  came,  he  had  to 
carry  provisions  on  his  back  from  St.  Anthony  to 
his  home,  a  distance  of  sixteen  miles.  At  that 
time,  Muuieapolis  had  but  two  houses.  Mr. 
Briggs  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  in  this  town. 

William  Brooks  was  born  in  Trumbull  county, 
Ohio,  December  6th,  1826.  He  remained  with 
bis  parents  twenty  years.  Lived  in  Wisconsm 
eight  years,  and  came  to  Minnesota  in  1857,  locat- 
ing in  Maple  Grove,  where  he  now  lives.  In  1852 
he  married  Mary  A.  Carter,  who  died  in  Decem- 
ber, 1861.  His  second  wife  was  Sarah  L.  Jenne- 
son.  The  first  eight  years  that  he  was  here,  he 
lived  in  a  log  bouse  that  was  co\'ered  with  red- 
oak  shakes,  and  had  a  floor  of  split  basswood. 

Octave  Caron,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born  in 
1836.  He  lived  there  seventeen  years  ;  then  came 
to  Minnesota,  and  worked  on  a  farm :  also  at  the 
Sioux  Agency.  In  1855  he  went  to  Shakopee. 
He  ran  a  ferry  for  two  seasons,  at  Mendota.  En- 
listed in  4tb  Minnesota,  Comi)any  E.  Was  in 
Sherman's  march  to  the  sea,  and  was  honoiably 
discharged  in  1865.  He  has  lived  in  ilaple  Grove 
since  1878.  In  18.59  be  married  Pbilomene  Le 
Due.  They  have  nine  children  living.  He  owns 
land  in  Brooklyn,  and  Wheatland,  Rice  comity. 

O.  R.  Champlin,  liorn  in  Chenango  county,  New 
York,  January  8th,  1832,  and  came  to  Maple 


Grove  in  18-54.  He  married  Miss  II.  M.  Bosworth, 
in  1857.  The  first  winter  he  passed  in  this  county, 
the  Winnebagoes  gave  him  some  trouble.  He 
built  his  house  in  the  woods,  using  wooden 
troughs  for  shingles.  Mi:  Champlin  was  in 
Stearns  county  during  the  Indian  outbreak. 
Xearly  all  the  people  left  the  country,  excepting 
Ilis  family  and  a  young  niiin  named  Warner. 

John  Cook  was  born  in  Ijiucoliishire,  England, 
in  1820.  Wlieii  fifteen  >ears  of  age,  he  bad 
learned  the  bakers'  trade;  came  to  America 
in  1849,  stopping  a  short  time  in  New  York  and 
Buffalo.  In  1850  he  went  to  DuPage  county. 
Illinois,  and  remained  live  years.  He  married 
Mrs.  Mary  Ann  Hardy.  Came  to  Muinesota  in 
1855  and  settled  in  Maple  Grove.  They  have  ten 
children  living.     Mrs.  Cook  died  June   1st,  1876. 

Patrick  Darmody  (deceased)  was  born  in  Tip- 
perary,  Ireland,  in  1825.  Came  to  America,  stop- 
ping a  short  time  in  New  Orleans  and  Cincin- 
nati, landed  in  iliiiiiesota  May  24th,  1855,  and 
settled  in  Maple  Grove.  He  married  Ellen  Pe- 
ters, July  19th,  1855.  There  are  six  children 
Uvhig.    Mr.  Darmody  died  December  5th,  1879. 

Patrick  Devery.  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
in  1818,  and  lived  with  his  parents  twenty-one 
years.  He  then  came  to  America;  stayed  in  Ohio 
a  few  months,  and  in  New  York  ten  years. 
Came  to  Alinnesota  and  settled  in  Maple  Grove, 
October  1854  ;  he  made  a  shanty  of  rough  boards 
a  bedstead  of  hickory  poles,  and  used  a  dry-goods 
box  for  a  table.  ^Ir.  Devery  is  the  father  of 
eleven  children. 

Fredrick  Ebert  was  Ikjiii  in  (Jeiinany,  1816, 
came  to  lUinois  in  1817.  .Maiiicil  October  10th, 
1848,  to  Julia  Ostrath.  of  Macon  coiuity.  Illinois, 
and  lived  there  eighteen  years.  Came  to  Ilciinepiii 
county,  in  1.S64.  Have  eleven  cliildien  :  John, 
Frederick, Margaret,  ( icorge,.!  iilia,  .Vdam.  Hemy, 
Susan,  Charles,  Conrad  and  \\'illic. 

Loins  Pierre  Garvais  was  born  at  Wolf  River, 
near  Montreal  Canada,  in  l.slo.  Lived  there 
sixteen  years,  and  mo\ed  to  Lake  Champlain, 
New  York,  where  he  resided  for  twenty-two 
years;  then  came  to  Saint  Paul,  remained  there 
tw'o  years,  and  one  year  ui  Saint  Anthony,  after 
which  he  came  to  what  Is  now  Maiiletirove.  He 
made  bis  claim  on  what  is  known  as  Bottineau 
Prailie,  and  was  the  lirst  seltlei-  in  this  town. 
For  nearly  two  years  their  imly  neigbbois  were 


31,1) 


HISTOBT  OF  UEXNEPIN  COUNTY. 


the  Winnebago  Indians.  After  lie  had  been  here 
nearly  two  years,  the  whites  began  to  settle 
around  him.  lie  married  .Man  Twonibley.  hi 
>"ew  York,  October  1.5lli.  IKW.  They  have  had 
ten  children,  four  boys  and  six  girls,  all  living, 
with  tlic  exceiitiiin  of  the  fii-st-boni.  who  died  at 
the  age  of  eleven,  in  York  Stilte.  On  the  15th  of 
Octol)er.  1880.  Gar\-ais  and  wife,  celebrated  their 
golden  wedding,  at  Osseo.  impressive  ceremonies 
U'ing  held  at  the  church.  Eight  children,  and 
seventy-live  grand  children  were  invsenl. 

John  M.  Eddy  is  a  native  of  New  Haven.  \'er- 
mont.  When  twenty-two  years  old.  he  went  to 
California,  and  stayed  about  live  yeaix.  In  1856 
he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  settled  in  Maple 
(irove.  He  was  mairied  in  1857,  to  Mary  E. 
Evans,  of  ("hittendeii  county.  Vermont.  They 
have  live  children.  Mr.  Eddy  was  the  fust  town 
clerk,  and  held  the  office  nine  yeare.  He  enlisted 
in  the  Second  Minnesota  Cavalry,  December  22d, 
ISfi,"},  was  discharged  December  2(1.  1865.  and  ha-s 
been  fanning  since  that  time. 

\\.  E.  Evans  was  born  in  Chillciidcn  county, 
Vermont,  December  28lh,  1824.  He  remaijied 
there,  working  as  niill-wright.  until  he  came  to 
Minnesota :  was  one  of  the  liist  settlers  of  Ma|ile 
(irove,  and  built  the  first  house  on  this  inad.  a 
log  cabin,  now  used  as  a  granary.  Before  liis 
bl(K-k  house  was  liiiished.  he  covered  it  with 
blankets  to  protect  his  family.  In  1847  he  was 
married  to  Mi.ss  Lucia  C.  Austin,  of  \'ermont: 
she  died  in  1880.  Mr.  Evans  has  held  various 
town  odices  siiii-c  lie  came  here. 

I/Conanl  L.  Hawkins  i deceased;  was  a  native 
of  New  Hanj|ishji'e.  In  182!»  he  married  Olivia 
1'.  Wright,  at  Keene.New  Hami>sliiie.  He  lived 
in  \'ennont  until  he  came  to  .Minneapolis  in  185(i. 
For  two  years  he  had  charge  of  the  tollgate  near 
the  I'niversity.  .Mr.  Hawkins  ilied  in  Isiili,  and 
.Mrs.  H.  resides  in  Minncajiolis  with  her  daughter. 
Mrs.  (J.  W.  Chowen. 

8.  S.  Hawkins  was  Inira  Septembei  I2lh,  1842, 
at  East  Highgiite.  \'erniont,  and  lived  there 
twenty-two  years.  He  went  to  Minneapolis  in 
185(1.  remained  there  until  18.5ft,  then  located  in 
Maple  (;rove.  He  was  maiTied  .\ugnst  20th, 
1804.  ti(  .Mary  Winidworth.  He  is  traveling  f<i]' 
O.  S.  Hixford.  of  East  HJKhgale.  V'ennonl :  has 
l»e<'n  ill  the  business  fnr  twelve  yeai-s,  traveling 
wjiiters.  and  Hpendiiig  summers  at  home.  They 
have  four  children  living. 


Minerva  Hoff  was  bom  in  Ohio.  April  17th, 
1824,  and  lived  with  her  parents  iintil  twenty-two 
years  of  age.  She  was  married,  in  Ohio,  to  Lu- 
ther E.  Ilotf.  October  liUh.  1850.  They  came  to 
Maple  (irove.  .June  2d.  1855.  being  among  the 
first  settlers  of  the  town.  They  have  five  chil- 
dren livuig.  Mr.  Luther  E.  Hoff.  her  husb.uid, 
died  October  10th.  1864. 

Sarah  Kiefer.  a  native  of  New  York,  was  born 
April  80th.  1881.  She  lived  therefor  ten  years, 
and  then  moved,  with  her  parents,  to  Milwaukee, 
Wisconsin.  She  married.  April  10th,  1849  ;  came 
to  Minnesiila  and  scttlcil  in  Maple  Grove,  in  1864, 
and  has  since  made  this  place  her  home.  Mr. 
Kiefer  was  born  in  (Jermany,  Se|itember  5th. 
1820.  and  died  .\]ml  5lh.  1.S7-J.  Mrs.  K.  has  nine 
children  living.  She  now  owns  one  hundred  and 
sixty  aci'es  of  land. 

Michael  Knopf  was  born  near  Buffalo,  New 
Y'ork,  in  1885.  Lived  there  ten  years,  then 
moved  to  Cook  county,  Illinois:  remained  there 
until  twenty-five  years  of  age.  He  was  educa- 
ted at  the  North-west  College  of  the  Evangelical 
Association  at  Napierville.  In  1860  he  came  to 
Hicc  county.  Minnesota,  and  engaged  in  farming. 
He  enlisted  .Iiih  2Uli.  lSii4.  in  Comiiany  E.  Sixth 
-Minnesota  Iiifaiitrv.  and  served  umil  lie  was 
honoialdy  discharged  in  1805.  at  Fort  Snelling. 
He  was  pastor  of  the  Evangelical  Church  at  Wa- 
seca for  three  years,  at  Frontenac  three  years, 
one  year  near  Henderson,  and  is  now  pastor  of 
the  Evangelical  Church  in  Maple  Grove.  Mar- 
ried in  1861,  to  -Miss  S.  F.  Flitch. 

George  .\.  I-alliu.  a  native  of  Chilleiulen  coun- 
ty, Vermont,  was  lioru  February  19th,  1837:  he 
lived  there  nineteen  years,  and  came  to  Maple 
(irove.  .Minnesota,  in  18.56.  On  .lune  10th.  1867, 
he  was  married  to  .Miss  .\niiic  L.  Ilddy.  of  Maple 
(irove.  Ill  Oclolier.  Is72.  she  died,  and  he  mar- 
ried for  his  second  wife.  Elizabeth  N.  Kerr,  .laii- 
liary  7lh,  1874.  Mr.  l.allin's  liist  wife  bore  liim 
three  children,  and  lie  has  two  by  his  second  wife. 

*.i.  .\.  Lalliii  was  born  in  .Milton.  Vermont, 
.\ugusl  2oth.  Is5o.  He  came  with  his  itarenls  to 
Miuuesnta  in  ls5ii.  ami  lived  in  the  town  of  Day- 
ton inilll  IsTi;.  lie  was  married  I  )cccnilirr  Tlli. 
\>^'ii.  to  .Miss  Nellie  Kiiibbe.  ulio  was  bom  in 
Holland  December  Isili.  l,H5s.and  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1H78.     They  have  two  childien. 

David    .Marchand.   a    native   of    Canada,     was 


MAPLE  GBOYE—BIOGBAPHICAL. 


327 


boni  October  14th,  1834.  He  lived  there  fifteen 
years,  then  removed  to  Massachusetts,  and  stayed 
until  1851 ,  when  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  set- 
tled in  Maple  Grove  ;  worked  at  carpentering  till 
1870,  and  has  since  that  time  followed  farm- 
ing. In  1863  he  joined  General  Sibley's  expedi- 
tion as  a  scout,  was  drafted  while  on  his  way 
from  Fort  Snelling  to  Ft.  Eidgely  and  was  ordered 
to  return  to  St.  Paul.  lie  paid  three  hundred  dol- 
lars for  a  substitute.  He  was  detailed  for  dut)-  at 
Fort  Wadswortli.transfeiTed  to  Fort  Abercrombie, 
and  again  transferred  to  Fort  Wadswoith :  he 
left  there  in  Novemlier  1864,  and  returned  to 
Maple  Grove.  He  married  Laura  Gasner,  Sep- 
tember 20th,  l8oS.    They  have  six  children  livuig. 

Albert  A.  Opitz,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  bom  m 
Toledo,  August  4th,  ISoo.  He  came  to  Minne- 
apohs  May  1st,  1868,  and  worked  at  the  tinners 
trade  until  1879,  when  he  removed  to  Maple 
Grove.  He  manied  Mrs.  Nancy  Brownrigg,  Feb- 
ruaiy  15th,  1880,  who  was  bom  in  Washington 
county,  Ohio,  in  1856.  Her  first  husband  died 
September  28tli.  1879,  and  Mrs.  Brownrigg  married 
Mr.  Opitz.  They  live  on  the  faiin  purchased  by 
Mr.  Brownrigg-. 

Otto  Ohrmundt  was  lioru  in  Germany.  Novem- 
ber 16th,  1848.  He  resided  in  his  native  couutiy 
with  his  parents  until  he  came  to  America.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  1870,  and  after  a  residence 
of  eighteen  months  in  Wisconsin,  came  to  Maple 
Grove,  where  he  has  since  resided.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  Germany,  in  1865.  Has  two  children,  a 
boy  aged  eight,  and  a  girl  lour  years. 

WiUiam  H.  Pa\'itt  came  to  Minnesota  ui  the 
autumn  of  1855.  Remained  about  two  years  in 
Minneapolis,  and  then  moved  to  Cokato.  Wright 
coiuity  ;  staid  there  two  years :  then  returned  to 
Minneapolis,  and  remained  until  1867,  when  he 
moved  to  Osseo.  and  has  since  lived  on  his  faiTU. 
section  16,  town  of  !Maple  (irove.  He  married 
Maiy  L.  Hoff,  in  November,  1873.  She  is  a  na- 
tive of  Hennepin  county. 

Catharine  Peters  was  born  in  Ireland,  in  1832. 
She  Uved  witli  her  parents  ten  years :  then  went 
to  England,  and  Uved  there  three  years:  then 
emigrated  to  America.  Came  to  Mimiesota  in 
1855,  and  settled  in  ^Slaple  Grove.  Manied,  Apiil 
4th,  1855,  to  John  Peters,  who  died  October  30th, 
1866.  She  has  two  childi'en  living.  James  was 
bom  JaiiuaiT27tli.  1856.  and  Edward.  March  4tli. 


1858.  The  family  is  living  upon  the  "  Peters  Es- 
tate," of  160  acres,  on  section  31.  Both  sons  are 
able  and  active  young  men.  conducting  the  farm 
with  ability. 

Shemian  Phelps,  bom  in  Smitli\ille.  New  York, 
August  11th,  1820.  He  lived  there  twenty-three 
years:  tlien  moved  to  Cook  county,  lUuiois,  and 
remained  until  1865,  when  he  came  to  Mimiesota, 
and  kicated  in  Maple  (irove.  where  he  has  since 
resided.  Manied  Anna  E.  Limberger,  Jlay  18th. 
1848,  who  died  February  14th,  1869.  Mr.  Phelps 
has  seven  children  living. 

A.  Robert  was  born  in  Belgium.  May  12th,  1818. 
For  forty-tlu-ee  years  he  lived  in  his  native  land, 
then  came  to  Minnesota,  and  settled  in  Corcoran. 
He  removed  to  Maple  (irove.  and  has  suice  resided 
here.  In  1863,  he  enlisted  in  Hatches  Battalion 
Mum.  Cavahy,  and  was  cUscharged  ui  May,  1866. 
Mr.  Robert  has  never  married. 

Ilemy  Robert,  a  native  of  Belgiiun.  was  born 
May  15th.  1819.  When  thirty-four  years  of  age. 
he  came  to  America,  and  located  at  Lake  Superior ; 
then  removed  to  Mimiesota  in  1856  ;  Uved  at 
Greenwood  five  years,  and  m  Corcoran  two 
years ;  then  came  to  Maple  Grove.  He  removed 
to  Corcoran  again,  but  retumed  to  Maple  (irove. 
and  lias  since  resided  here.  He  manied  Miss 
Matilda  Twombley,  October  3d,  1850.  Tliey  have 
four  children  living. 

WilUam  Trott  was  lioiu  in  England,  in  1828. 
He  came  to  America  in  1846,  and  worked  on  a 
farm  in  Orleans  county,  New  York,  a  few  years  : 
then  went  to  Indiana,  as  foreman  o\\  a  railroad. 
Poor  health  compelled  liiiu  tn  resign.  He  came 
to  Minnesota,  in  1853.  and  boiiglit  a  claim  in  Eden 
Prairie  ;  sold  it  for  S500  :  tlien  explored  dilTcrent 
parts  of  the  then  territory,  making  several  claims 
and  selling  them.  In  1854.  he  came  to  JIaple 
Grove  :  liought  a  claim,  built  a  shanty,  which  he 
covered  with  bark,  and  lived  in  it  the  first  winter. 
July,  1866,  he  married  Lilly  Sutherland,  of  Canada. 

Josiah  Weaver,  bom  in  Miramichi,NewBnms- 
wick.  November  2f)th,  1815.  Went  witli  his  pa- 
rents to  Frederickton,  lived  tliere  nine  years  and 
came  to  Mimiesota  in  1856,  with  his  father,  his 
mother  having  died  when  lie  was  eighteen  months 
old.  Since  coming  to  this  state  lie  lias  lived  willi 
Mrs.  Hoff.  He  enlisted  January,  1865,  ui  com- 
pany B.  Second  Minnesota  Infantry  Yolmiteers ; 


328 


m STOUT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


served  until  .Inly  10.  isii.").  wlicn  he  \v;is  dis- 
charged. 

J.  yi.  Williaiiisiiii.  a  native  nf  Washiugtoii, 
Ohio,  was  bom  February  24th.  IHoT.  He  came 
to  Minnesota  in  1865.  and  settled  in  Maple  (i rove, 
.Se))tenil>er  4th.  IKSfl.  lie  married  Miss  Sophia 
Zeorb.  His  father  enlisted  October  SM.  1861,  in 
Compan.v  J5.  Sevent.y-liftli  Ohio  Infantrv.  but  was 
discharged  for  physical  disal)ility.  and  was  not  aljle 
do  a  day's  woik  after  he  came  out  of  the  army . 
Mr.  Williamson.  Sr.,   died  in  18H(i. 

L.  1!.  W'iliiKit  was  born  in  LaPorte.  Indiana. 
.Vugusl  IWtli,  Is.Si).  and  lived  there  lifteen  years; 
then  went  to  Minneapolis,  and  from  there  to  the 


Black  Hills,  where  he  remained  two  years.  Mar- 
ried Miss  K.  Foster.  August  12th.  1875,  and  now 
lives  in  Maple  Grove.  They  have  one  child, 
George. 

E.  P.  AVoodworth.  born  in  Ashtabula  county. 
Ohio,  July  IHlli.  1844.  Lived  there  seventeen 
years,  and  in  Pennsylvania  tlu'ee  years.  He  en- 
listed in  th('  naval  service.  August  13th,  1864; 
served  ten  months,  and  was  discharged.  He  was 
maiTied  July  24th.  1866.  to  Selina  C.  Clarke,  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  came  to  .Maple  Grove  where 
he  has  since  lived.  They  have  three  children 
living. 


PLYMOUTH. 


ClLVPTKli  LIII. 

CiE.NKK.M-  DKSCKIITION— FIUST  SKl'l'LK.MENT— 
0|{(i.VNI/..\'riOX— VILL.\«ES— CHUKCIIES — SO- 
(•IKTIKS  — .SCHOOLS  —POST-OKKICKS— HOTELS — 
UOSTKIl— IlIOCiRAPHICAL. 

I'lymouth  is  situated  near  the  center  of  Henne- 
pin I'onnty  an<l  coniprises  the  congressional  town- 
ship of  lis  north,  range  22  west,  lifth  i)rinci- 
jial  ineiidian.  The  surface  is  undulating.  Iliat 
IHUtifin  of  the  town  around  the  iioitli  end  <if 
Medicine  Lake,  being  the  most  liill\.  When  liist 
settled,  the  west  anil  noith-wesl  i)art  was  cdveicd 
with  a  lieavy  growth  of  tindiei'.  covering  neaily 
lialf  of  the  town:  the  remaining  purii.in  licing 
covered  by  brush,  with  a  few  marslics  that  sui)- 
port  a  giowth  of  tamarac.     The  piincipal  woods 

are  maple,  oak  and  elm,  with   a    little  ironw 1. 

ash  and  poplar.  The  soil  generally  is  a  clay 
loam.  Around  Parker's  Lake  it  issamly.  ami  in 
some  plai-es  gravelly.  Sandy  spots  occur  occa- 
sionally in  the  north-east  part.  'l"he  town  is  in- 
l4'i-spei-Med  with  niuneroiis  lakes,  .\niong  them 
is  Medicine  i«ike.  the  largest,  situated  in  tin- 
south-east   pail    of  the  town.     11  is  a  beautiful 


body  of  water,  about  two  miles  long  from  north- 
west to  south-east,  and  nearly  thiee-(iuarters  of  a 
mile  wide  in  tlic  widest  part.  The  south-east 
shore  is  sandy,  which  with  a  sandy  bottom  makes 
it  an  e.xcellent  balhiiig-i)lace,and  is  much  resorted 
to  for  that  purpose.  ,\l  diUVrent  places  on  the 
east  and  west  shoivs.  the  lianks  are  (|nitehigh  and 
precipitous.  The  mirlli  and  south  ends  are 
marsli\.  Its  nutlet  is  Hassetl's  Creek,  which 
llowsoiit  ol'  the  south  end  and  ]iasses  out  of  the 
liiwn  at  the  south-east  cornri-  and  empties  into 
the  .\lississip|ii  at  Minneaiiolis.  The  lake  derives 
its  name  from  an  Indiiui  legend,  which  says  (hat  an 
Indian  in  his  i-anoe  was  capsized  by  a  sudden 
storm,  and  the  Indians  not  being  able  to  lind  his 
body,  gave  it  the  name  nl  .Medicine  Lake.  Bass 
Lake  is  in  section  2.  and  covers  about  one  hund- 
red and  lifty  acres,  w  ith  an  island  of  several  ai'res 
in  llie  rentei'.  Its  shores  are  marshy,  and  its  out- 
let is  Bass  J.,ake  Creek,  which  leaves  the  lake 
from  its  north-east  corner.  Ilows  eastwardly  out  of 
tlic  liiwn  and  cni|ilics  into  Shingle  Creek  in  the 
south-west  jiart  nf  liionklMi.  It  received  its 
name  from  the  larg<'  number  of  bass,  they   being 


PLYMOUTH— FIRST  SETTLEMENT. 


329 


almost  the    only  fish   that  swim  in  its  waters. 
It  was  named  by  Antoine  Le  Count. 

Parker's  Lake  situated  in  the  soutlieru  jiart 
ot  section  28,  and  northern  part  of  section  33, 
covering  about  one  hundred  acres,  is  a  clear  and 
beautiful  sheet  of  water,  with  sandy  shores  and  a 
hard  bottom.  The  other  lakes  in  the  town  are 
more  or  less  marshy,  and  small. 

FIRST    SETTLKMENT. 

Antoine  Le  Count  was  the  first  settler  in  the 
town,  coming  in  October,  1853,  and  locatmg  on 
the  east  shore  of  Medicine  Lake,  on  section  24, 
where  he  now  lives.  Antoine  Le  Count  is  one  of 
those  men  whose  adventurous  life  deserves  a  record 
that  should  be  preserved  for  the  benefit  of  the  on- 
coming generations — a  I'ecord,  counneucing  with 
the  primitive  history  of  the  Northwest,  and  ex- 
tending over  the  eventful  scenes  that  have  been  en- 
acted duiing  a  half  century.  The  writer  of  this  ar- 
ticle feels  it  to  be  a  pleasing  duty  to  give  in  brief 
the  facts  in  his  possession  connected  with  this  ad- 
ventm'ous  traveler,  guide,  and  daring  explorer, 
only  regrettmg  that  the  limits  allotted  to  this  work 
will  not  allow  a  more  detailed  account  of  the  man 
whose  history  is  so  closely  interwoven  with  that 
of  the  Northwest.  And,  as  the  object  most  sin- 
cerely sought  for  in  this  work,  is  to  give  a  succinct 
and  truthful  statement  of  all  the  facts  with  which 
it  has  to  deal,  the  reader  will  not  do  the  writer 
the  violence  to  think  that  he  is  reading  aught  but 
historic  truths,  as  he  follows  the  history  of  An- 
toine Le  Count  and  his  father.  The  latter  was  a 
guide  in  the  early  days  of  the  Territory ,  carrying  the 
mail  from  the  Red  Kiver  country  to  points  south; 
also  carrying  with  him  fancy  trinkets  and  wam- 
pum, made  by  the  Indians,  taking  them  to  8t. 
Louis,  and  tradmg  or  selling  tliem  for  horses,  or 
whatever  his  shrewd  mind  suggested  would  pay 
him  to  bring  back  to  tlie  Hed  Hiver  country.  By 
this  means  he  a(/cumulated  (piite  a  fortune. 
Among  the  early  French  settlers,  he  was  known 
by  the  name  ot  Le  Gros.  He  took  Pierre  Bottin- 
eau, when  he  was  about  twelve  >ears  old.  into 
his  family,  and  trained  him  to  be  the  guide  that 
afterward  made  him  famous.  Antoine  was  born 
on  the  Minnesota  side  of  the  Red  Hivei-.  near  the 
International  bomidary  Une,  November  tith,  1822. 
In  the  summer  of  1837,  he  came  with  his  father 
to  Fort  Snelling,  remaining  until  September  fol- 


lowing, when  he  returned  to  his  home  on  Red 
River.  His  father,  in  connection  with  Franklin 
Steele,  made  a  claim  on  the  east  side  of  the  jNIis- 
sissippi  River,  at  the  falls,  including  Nicollet  Is- 
land. The  followuig  June  he  started  for  his  claim, 
from  Red  River,  with  his  family.  With  tlieni 
was  a  gentleman  by  the  name  of  Thomas  Simpson, 
who  was  in  great  haste  to  get  through,  and 
did  not  wish  to  take  the  time  necessary  to 
go  around  by  La('  (|ui  Parle,  and  offered 
Le  Count  a  tempting  price  to  pilot  him  across 
the  country  in  as  nearly  a  direct  line  as  possible. 
Le  Count  accepted  the  proposition,  and  gave 
Pierre  Bottineau  charge  of  the  party  containuig 
his  family,  Pierre  Bottineau's,  and  others,  taking 
besides  himself  and  Mi\  Simpson,  his  son  Au- 
tohie,  who  was  nearly  seventeen  years  old,  and 
two  others,  five  in  all,  and  started  across.  When 
about  a  day  and  a  half  on  their  journey,  J*Ir. 
Simpson  showed  signs  of  insanity,  but  did  not 
appear  to  be  dangerous.  About  smulowu  the 
fourth  day  out,  while  they  were  prejiaring  to  go 
into  camp,  Mr.  Simpson  seized  a  double-barrelled 
shotgim,  and,  wdthout  a  moments  warning,  shot 
Mr.  Le  Count  and  one  of  the  men.  Tlie  shots 
followed  each  other  so  rapidly  that  the  survivors 
thought  but  one  shot  had  lieen  tired.  Le  Count 
did  not  die  inunediately.  hut,  knowing  his  end 
was  near  at  hand,  called  his  son  Antoine  to  him 
and  told  him  he  was  going  to  die.  giving  him 
instructions  how,  and  what  direction  to  take,  to 
reach  the  train  his  mother  was  with,  and  to  nni 
for  his  life  before  Mr.  Simpson  had  time  to  reload. 
The  hired  man  had  alrea<ly  ilisappeared,  and 
yoimg  Antoine,  with  trembling  anxiety,  watched 
his  opportunity,  and  made  his  escape.  He  had 
not  gone  far  when  he  lieard  Mr.  Simpson  calling: 
"Jim  I  Jimll"(tlie  liired  maui;  he  wanted  liim 
to  take  him  l)ack.  In  the  meantime,  .Vntninc  had 
found  Jim,  and  tliey  proceeded  togetlier.  When 
about  a  mile  from  their  recent  camp,  they  heard  a 
gun  and  concluded  the  unfortunate  man  had 
killed  himself.  (They  subsequently  found  that  he 
had  shot  at  and  wounded  one  of  the  horses.) 
Urging  their  horses  to  their  utmost  si)eed,  and 
following  the  track  advised  by  his  father,  they 
struck  the  train  trail  of  Pierre  Bottineau  about 
daylight,  having  come  about  tJfly  miles.  In  a 
short  time  they  were  in  camp,  and  told  their 
story.     Pierre  Bottineau   took  a  party  and  went 


330 


HISUVIiY  OF  HEyNEPIN  COUNTY. 


back  to  the  scene.  When  he  reached  it  he  found 
tlie  unfortunate  Simpson  had  added  his  own  life 
to  those  of  Ins  two  victims,  by  blowing  his  head 
entirely  l<>  iiieces.  The  bodies  of  Le  Count 
and  tlie  other  man.  were  lirousht  back  and  taken 
to  Red  Kiver.  and  there  buried.  :Mr.  Smipson's 
)K)dy  was  left  on  the  spot. 

The  train  Iheii  moved  forward  on  its  road, 
and  reached  Fort  SMcllini-  about  the  middle  of 
July  1838.  Antoinc  and  uiMthcr  rcmanicd  there 
until  the  following  sprini;.  when  they  moved  to 
I'ijrs  Kyc.  where  he  remained  about  a  year.  From 
that  time  he  was  a  rover,  moving  from  place  to 
jilact-  as  fancy  or  work  dictated,  until  he  settled 
in  Plymouth,  in  October  ln-')3.  With  Antoine 
Le  Coinit  came  Fct<'r  Daniels,  who  made  his  claim 
adjoining  Le  Count,  on  the  north,  but  ilid  not  set- 
tle until  the  year  following. 

.MmcisI  simultaneously  with  .Vntoine  Le  Count. 
c;mie  Thomas  Hughes  and  family  into  this  wil- 
derness, the  lurking  place  of  Shakojiee  and  his 
Sioux  band.  Xo  roads  were  known  other  than  the 
wild  Indians  trail.  Hut  witli  a  lixed  pinpose  be- 
fore him.  this  liaidv  ;inil  intelligent  pioneer  has 
con<piere(l  every  obstacle,  and  now  in  his  lijier 
yeaix.  is  enjoying  all  the  comforts  of  a  good  home 
and  the  conlidence  of  his  fellow  citizens,  with  his 
enterprising  sons.  James.  Henry,  Charles  and  Ed- 
ward around  him.  all  possessing  the  in(h)mitable 
will  r)f  the  father.  They  have  built  for  themselves 
nice  homes  and  rank  with  I'lymonth's  respected 
citizens. 

Francis  Huot  an<l  (J.  1).  Hrawley  came  during 
the  winter.  Mr.  Iluot  making  a  claim  on  the 
noiili  i-nil  of  Medicine  Lake,  Mr.Hrawley  adjoining 
him  on  the  west.  Neither  settled  at  that  time, 
but  made  some  improvements  and  returned  to 
Saint  Anthony.  -Mr.  Ihawlex  sold  his  <laiin  to 
Mr.  K.  IJoucher.  and  Mr.  11  not  returned  with  his 
family,  November  b'lth.  1K.")4.  Following  these 
two  was  Charles  Mouseau,  whomadea  claim  join- 
ing Le  Comil  on  the  south,  did  not  move  on 
11.  but  made  a  few  improvements.  At  the  same 
time  with  .Mr.  Hunt,  came  David  (iorliam.  .loseph 
.lamme.  (ieorge  Kurbeii  and  Kdward  Ihnke. 

(iorhani  settling  on  section  IT.lhelirst  of  March 
IH.")4.  and  moved  his  family  In  Septeiuber  IH.).').  Mr. 
.lamme  selected  the  west  half  of  section  17.  as  his 
claim,  put  up  a  shanty  and  move<l  hlsfamlly  in  ()c- 
IoIkt  that  vear.   Mr.  ISnrlH-lr  took  his  claim  on  the 


north-east  quarter  of  section  8,  put  up  a  shanty 
the  following  fall,  and  moved  his  family  in  the 
spring  of  185.5;  lived  on  it  about  a  year  then 
moved  back  to  Saint  Anthony,  and  now  lives  in 
Anoka.  Mr.  Hnrke  made  his  claim  on  section  17, 
built  a  shanty,  made  some  improvements,  but  be- 
ing a  single  man.  had  no  regular  halntation,  but 
teamed  back  and  forth  from  Saint  Anthony. 
He  married  in  is.")."),  and  moved  to  his  place,  hved 
there  alinnt  a  year,  sold  out  ami  moved  to  Saint 
.\iitliony. 

Israel  JMicliaud  made  a  claim  about  the  same 
time ;  lived  on  it  a  few  years  ;  sold,  and  moved  to 
Medina,  bid  snbse(piently  moved  back  to  Ply- 
month,  where  he  was  killed  while  hauling  lumber 
in  the  summer  of  1877.  In  May.  18.54.  Jonas  II. 
Howe  came  and  made  a  claim  <m  section  22. 
Henry  L.  Moses  came  in  .luh  followmg,  and 
made  his  claim  on  the  west  side  of  section  22,  living 
on  it  a  few  \  ears  :  he  now  lives  in  Dakota  county. 
F.arl\  in  ls.)4.  C.  W.  i'aiTington  made  his  claim 
on  section  1-).  and  moved  his  family  on  to  it  in 
March.  18.5.) ;  snbseciuently  kept  a  hotel  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  Samuel  Merchant  made  his  claim  in 
September.  18.54.  anil  moved  his  family  to  it,  the 
following  Ma\ .  In  the  fore  part  of  October,  1854, 
came  three  Parker  brothers.  I.  S..  C.  1).  and  Alfred, 
and  settled  around  Parker's  Lake.  Alfred  is  now 
living  hi  Crystal  liake.  I.  S.  in  Anoka  county,  and 
C.  D.  is  still  a  resident  of  Plymouth.  Ilemy  Col- 
lins and  John  Carne  came  a  little  later.  James 
Berube  made  his  claim  in  December,  1854.  but 
did  not  move  on  to  it  with  his  family  until  Xo- 
vend)er.  18.55.  Dining  the  smnmer  of  1854.  came 
James  Hughes  and  family,  and  settled  where 
they  now  live.  The  setllenK  iil  was  quite  rapid 
in  18.5.5.  .ViiKing  those  ((iming  were  Herman 
SanilholT.  Francis  Da\.  Charles  Tolnian.  Amos 
Iloyl  and  wife.  D.  C.  Parker,  wife  and  Ins  father, 
the  Uev.  James  Paiker.  The  wil'eol'  tlie  latter  died 
ill  St.  .Vnthony,  of  cholera,  while  en  route,  and 
was  buried  on  the  site  of  the  iiresent  city  of  Min- 
neapolis. 

In  .lime.  185S.  the  Cliipiiewa  Indians  made  a 
raiil  on  their  deadl>  enemies,  the  Sioux,  met 
them  at  Shakoiiee.  Iiad  a  light,  and  were  badly 
defeated.  I'ikhi  their  return.  the>  passed  through 
the  town,  doing  bodily  injury  to  no  one.  but  stole 
and  killed  what  thev  wanted  to  eat.  They  shot 
a  pair  of  steers  for  1.  S.  Parker,  and  Amos  Uoyt, 


PLYMOUTH—OBGANIZATION. 


331 


and  emptied  D.  C.  Parker's  corn  crib,  wounded  a 
cow,  and  stole  a  few  more  things  ft-om  others. 
As  the\-  were  on  the  verge  of  starvation,  the 
whites  concluded  that  it  was  no  more  than  they 
would  do  themselves  luuler  like  circimistances, 
and  did  not  molest  them.  Besides,  it  may  be 
that  a  wholesome  regard  for  tlieir  own  safety 
arose  to  the  surface  quietly,  but  not  to  that  ex- 
tent which  under  the  circumstances  made  it  neces- 
sary to  boast  loudly  of,  so,Lo,and  his  plunder 
departed  in  peace,  but  not  witliout  leaving  many 
hearts  tluttenng  with  twinges  of  fear  and  doubt 
for  their  safety.  A  militar>-  company  of  twenty  was 
formed,  with  Chartes  Tolman  for  captain,  who 
received  tlieir  guns  from  Saint  Paul,  and  for 
two  weeks  the  women  and  children  were  collected 
together  in  (me  house  at  night,  while  the  men 
stood  guard  outside.  Hearing  there  was  a 
body  of  Sioux  massing  in  the  north  part  of  the 
town.  Captain  Tolman,  with  his  men,  went  in 
search,  but  found  no  traces  of  them.  It  was  sup- 
posed to  have  been  a  scare  gotten  up  by  one 
James  Mot)dy,  who  lived  in  that  part  of  the  town, 
and  it  came  near  costing  him  his  lite.  Other 
parties  sul)sequently  found  traces  that  showed 
the  Indians  had  passed  through,  near  where  he 
had  indicated  he  had  seen  them.  Tliis  ijuieted 
their  anger,  and  ended  the  disturbance. 

The  tirst  liirtli  in  town,  was  a  child  to  I).  C. 
Parker  and  wife,  April  25th,  1855,  two  days  after 
theii-  arrival  in  the  town.  It  lived  but  two  or  three 
days.  A  1)0> ,  Frank,  was  born  to  Amos  Iloyt 
and  wife.  July  -'oth,  following,  and  December 
25tb,  same  year,  twins  were  born  to  F.  A.  Clay 
and  wife,  then  living  on  section  33. 

The  tirst  <leath  tliat  occurred  was  that  of  a  child 
Ijelonging  to  ^Vutoiue  Le  Count,  which  was  caused 
by  overturning  a  kettle  of  hot  water,  in  December, 
1853. 

The  Rev.  James  Parker  was  the  first  justice  of 
the  peace,  appomted  January  1st,  1856.  His  .son, 
D.  C.  Parker,  was  appointed  in  1857.  Mr.  Fran- 
cis Huot  was  appointed  the  same  year,  but  never 
qnalilied. 

The  tirst  marriage  was  Jean  Bouigeoise  to  Miss 
Rose  Rouilliai'. 

The  tirst  school  in  the  town  was  established  in 
the  s>unmer  of  bSoti,  in  a  little  shanty  belonging 
to  Oliver  Iluart,  on  section  14,  in  what  is  now 
District  No.  51,  and   taught  bv    Miss  Lorinda 


Shaw,  who  also  taught  the  school  established  the 
following  year  in  what  is  now  District  Xo.  48. 

<)RGAXIZ.4.TI0N. 

The  first  meeting  for  the  pinijose  of  forming  a 
town  organization,  was  called  at  the  house  of 
Francis  Day,  on  the  11th  day  of  May,  1858.  The 
meeting  was  organized  by  electing  (J.  W.  Mes- 
senger tor  Moderator,  and  J.  II.  Howe,  Clerk. 
The  room  being  too  small  to  accommodate  them, 
the  meeting  was  adjourned  to  the  hotel  kept  by 
Mr.  C.  W.  Farringtt)n.  on  section  15.  The  fol- 
lowuig  officers  were  elected  :  Supervisors,  Fran- 
cis Huot.  chairman,  D.  C.  Parker  and  Francis 
Gortiam  :  Town  Clerk,  J.  H.  Howe ;  Assessor, 
Francis  Day;  Collector,  Charles  Tolman:  Over- 
seer of  the  Poor.  Eustaehe  Boucher ;  Constables, 
Phillip  Otto  and  Alfred  Jordan  ;  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  F.  A.  Clay  and  William  Karson. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  county  board  April  10th, 
1858,  for  the  pm-pose  of  establishing  the  bounda- 
ries of  the  townships  in  the  county,  the  congres- 
sional tt)wn  of  118-22  was  named  Plymouth,  and 
the  tirst  meeting  was  called  under  that  name, 
which  produced  a  great  deal  of  dissatisfaction  on 
the  part  of  some  of  the  voters,  and  aiiother  meet- 
ing was  called  for  June  21st,  1858,  which  met  at 
the  hotel  kept  by  C.  W.  Farrington.  After  con- 
siderable discussion  a  vote  was  taken,  which 
resulted  in  favor  of  Medicine  Lake,  for  the  name 
of  the  town.  The  next  meeting  was  held  at  the 
school  house  in  district  No.  51.  April  5th,  1859, 
and  the  call  was  issued  under  the  name  of  Medi- 
cine Lake,  and  the  business  transacted  luuler 
that  name.  The  following  year,  April  3d,  1860, 
the  meeting  was  held  under  the  name  of  Plym- 
outh, no  ree(u-ds  showing  when  or  how  the 
change  was  effected.  The  county  officials  never 
recognized  the  name  of  Medicine  Lake,  and  the 
name  reverted  back  to  that  given  it  by  the 
county  board.  The  name  was  taken  from  a  vil- 
lage called  Plymouth,  laid  out  on  the  north  and 
west  shores  of  Parker's  Lake,  in  1856. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  miiniles  of  two 
meetings  held  in  the  town  in  1862:  "Agreeable 
to  a  call  of  the  citizens  of  the  town,  met  at  the 
house  of  Francis  Day  on  Monday,  the  18th  day  of 
August,  1862,  to  devise  means  to  raise  its  quota  of 
soldiers  for  the  army.  The  meeting  was  organ- 
ized l)y  choosing  Francis  Huot  Chairman,  and  Jo 


332 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


nas  II.  Howe  SecreUry.    Chose  a  committee  of  I 
live  to  report  resolutions,  viz.:  Jonas  II.  llnwe. 
.lames    M.     Parker.    Francis   IJenilic.    Nicholas 
IVilTenlinti.  M.  U.  L.  Stevens.     Tlie  followint; res- 
olution wa.s  reiwrted  adopted  unanimously:  Re-   I 
solve<l.  That  we.  the  citizens  of  Plymouth,  be"  | 
lieve  it  to  he  the  duty  of  every  man  to  sustain  the  1 
government  in  her  present  emerseucy.  either  in 
men  or  money,  and  we  pledge  ourselves  as  a  town 
to  furnisli  our  (piota.  if  it  can  be  done,  by  appeal-  j 
iiig  to  the  patriotism  of  her  citizens.  believinK  we 
are  second  to  none  in  tlie  love  of  our  country  and 
purity  of  patriotism.     Hesolvcd ,  That  inasmuch  as 
our  interests  are  e<iual  in  the  cause,  those  who 
may   see   it  in  their  duty  to  enlist  voluntarily.  . 
shouM  1)6  paid  a  bounty  by  the  town,  and  we 
hereby  jiledge.  twenty-live  dollars  to  every  volun- 
teer who  shall  enlist  from  the  citizens  of  this 
town.     Voted  that  tlie  Town  Clerk  be  liereby  in- 
structed to  call  a  meeting  of  the  viiters  of  said 
town,  to  meet  at  the  house  of  Francis  Day,  on 
Satinday.  the  :<(itli  day  of  .\iifriisl.   iwi:2.     .Vd- 
jourued."" 

"Agreeable  to  a  call  on  ihi-  opposite  page,  the 
citizens  met  at  tlie  liousc  of  Francis  Day.  the  SOth 
day  of  August,  at  1  o'clock  p.  m.  1st.  <'hose 
Jona«  H.  Howe.  Moderator.  2d,  voted  tn)ia>  those 
who  have  voliiuleeicd  to  fill  the  call  for  the  last 
•to.oon.  a  Ixiiiiily  of  twenty-live  dollars,  the  same 
U>  include  all  whose  names  are  registered  and 
loiiiited  fr<tm  the  town.  3d.  voted  that  tlie  town 
cause  llie  daguerreotypes  of  all  the  volunteers 
from  the  said  town  to  be  taken,  at  the  exi>ense 
of  tlie  town,  and  that  the  Town  Cleik  is  author- 
ized to  s«'e  that  tliey  are  taken,  ^'ot^■(l  that  the 
Town  Treasurer  be  authorized  to  borrow  money 
for  the  town,  to  pay  tlie  Imuiily  of  volunteers. 
Voted  that  the  Supervisors  be  api)ointed  a  com- 
mittee to  act  with  tlie  Treasurer,  and  to  correct 
the  list  of  volunteers,  if  found  necessary.  Voted 
that  Kiicli  of  the  volunteers  as  do  not  want  their 
iHiiiiity  down,  shall  be  entitli-d  to  legal  interest 
from  the  town  until  paid.  Xolcd  thatthe  Siiper- 
vimti-s  are  hereby  aii(h<irized  to  act  for  the  town 
without  culling  a  s|>ecial  meeting.  Adjourned. 
"Jonas  II.  Howk.  Town  Clerk." 

VII,I..\oK. 

The  site  for  the  village  of  Plymouth   was  lo- 
cated on  the  iHirtli  ami  west  shores  of  Parker's 


Lake,  in  the  fall  of  18.56.  It  was  laid  out  by 
Jared  and  Daniel  Demon  and  Messrs.  Sherburne. 
Davie,  Davidson  and  Spieer.  They  bought  the 
AVayzata  Mill  and  moved  it  to  the  north-west 
corner  of  Parker's  Lake.  No  other  improvements 
were  made  excepting  the  erecting  of  small  shan- 
ties for  the  mill  hands;  the  mill  was  operated 
that  winter.  In  the  spring  the  water  in  the  lake 
id.se  anil  llooiled  the  mill.  The  ne.xt  summer 
the  iiiachinery  was  taken  out.  and  later  to  :\Iin- 
neapolis.  and  thus  cniled  the  villasc  of  Plyin- 
oiilh. 

1  in  ItCHES. 

The  Plymouth  Methodist  Church.  This  so- 
ciety was  organized  in  1808,  and  a  church  built 
on  the  north  side  of  Parker's  Lake.  The  first 
senices  were  conducted  by  Rev.  Charles  Haskell, 
who  continued  as  pastor  about  two  years.  It 
was  dedicated  by  the  Rev.  1).  Cobli.  at  that  time 
Presiding  Elder  of  the  District.  The  sabbath 
school  had  a  membership  of  forty  or  tifty  scliolai-s. 
.\I  iles  Dickey,  Superintendent.  The  structure  was 

I  burned  in  the  fall  of  1877.     Since  then  no  ser- 

i  vices  have  been  held  by  tlie  society. 

i       Medicine  Lake  Catholic  Church.     Wlien  lirst 

;  built  in  18.58,  it  was  a  log  structure  21x32.  The 
lirst  services  were  conducted  by  Father  LeDow; 
at  that  time  the  iiicinbcrship  included  about 
forty  families.  When  the  church  in  Crystal  Lake 
was  built  a  few  years  later,  it  took  jiart  of  the 
membership.  In  the  sjiring  of  1S77.  the  lueseut 
church  was  built.  The  main  building  is  .S(>x.5() 
feet,  with  an  addition  liixls.  and  another  12x14 
feet.  In  its  i)n'sent  uuliiiislied  condition,  it  will 
seat  two  hundred;  when  comiileted  it  will  accom- 
modate four  liiindred.  When  completed  will  cost 
about  $2,()ii().  It  is  located  on  the  east  side  of  sec- 
tion 13.     Present  Pastor,  Father  Uoiicher. 

(icrmaii  Kvangelical  Lutheran  Church.  The 
lirst  meeting  of  this  society  was  held  at  the 
house  of  Ilcrnian  Samllioll.  Ccliniaiy  27th. 
18(i;t.  Services  were  condiiclt'd  li>  Hev.  (icorge 
Fachlmau.  Services  were  held  in  the  school- 
house  and  at  Mr.  SaiidliolVs  lor  several  years. 
The  iHcseut  chiiivh  was  built  in  issd.  and  lo- 
cati'd  on  the  west  side  of  section  II.  The  pres- 
ent pastor  is  thc'  l{i'\.  Iliinian  I'leer. 

s<i(ri;iii;s. 

Pl.Miioiilh  (iiauge   No.  :^.5I.   was  oiganizc<l    in 


PLYMOUTH— SCHOOLS— HOTELS— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


333 


September.  1874.  The  offloers  were:  ^Master,  J. 
M.  Pai-ker;  Overseer,  R.  L.  Braden;  Secretary,  R. 
L.  Logan;  Financial  Secretary,  Dennis  Sclimitz; 
Lecturer,  I.  S.  Parl^er;  Cliaplain,  A.  H.  Frencli; 
Steward,  R.  B.  Diclvey;  Ceres,  Mrfs.  A.  P.  Parker: 
Pomona,  Mrs.  Bariiara  Dickey:  Flora,  Miss  Ma.- 
rietta  Parker:  L.  A.  S.,  Miss  Jane  Parker.  The 
Grange  had  twenty-one  charter  nieniliers  and 
reached  a  membershijiof  forty-two.  ft  was  well 
attended  and  in  a  flourishing  condition  until  many 
of  the  members  moved  away,  with  no  new  ones 
coming  in,  until  it  finally  suspended  in  1S78. 

SllIOOLS. 

Miss  Lorinda  Sliaw  taught  in  District  Xo.  51  in 
1856,  also  in  District  Xo.  48  in  1857.  In  1859 
they  built  a  log  house  on  the  west  side  of  sec- 
tion 14,  which  was  used  until  1868,  when  the 
present  house  was  built  on  tlie  same  site.  The 
second  school  was  established  in  what  is  now 
District  48,  in  the  summer  of  1857.  The  build- 
ing used,  was  a  log  strnctme  12x10  feet,  and  lo- 
cated on  section  28.  The  number  of  scholars  was 
about  lifteen,  the  present  number  of  scholars  is 
about  eighty-five 

The  third  school  was  established  in  tlie  sum- 
mer of  1862,  and  tanghtin  a  granary,  on  the  farm 
of  Francis  Berube.  Any  building  that  could  be 
ol)tained  was  used  until  1867,  when  a  school 
house  was  built,  and  used  until  1874,  when  the 
present  one  was  built  on  section  1 7.  Tliere  are 
in  the  town,  five  entire  and  six  Joint  districts, 
with  five  school  houses,  all  frame  and  well  furn- 
ished, excepting  in  District  104,  which  is  unfin- 
ished. All  have  patent  seats  excepting  Districts 
48  and  104. 

POST-OFFICES. 

The  first  post-offlce  established  in  the  town  was 
at  Medicine  Lake,  in  the  spring  of  1850,  and 
Fi-ancis  Iluot  appointed  Postmaster,  who  held 
the  office  about  three  years,  when  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  brother  Louis.  Plymouth  Post- 
offlce  was  established  in  1865,  and  Xalhaniel  Day 
appointed  Postmaster,  who  removed  it  to  his 
house,  on  section  15.  jSIr.  Day  died  in  the  win- 
ter of  1867,  and  was  succeeded  l)y  Amos  Dick- 
inson, who  was  followed  by  James  Hough,  who 
held  the  office  until  it  was  discontinued.  In  1878 
another  office  was  established  on  section  4,  and 
Fred.  Gue.sman  appointed  Postmaster.    This  of- 


fice was  also  discontinued  in  the  spring  of  1880. 
Parker's  Lake  I'ost-otlice  was  estaltlished  June 
28th,  1871,  and  J.  M.  Parker  appointed  Postmas- 
ter. Has  held  the  office  to  the  present  time. 
South  Plymouth  Post-office  was  established  in 
1862,  and  located  on  section  H3.  Mrs.  Matilda 
Clay  appointed  Postmistress.  When  the  post- 
office  at  AVayzata  was  re-established,  in  1864, 
South  Plymouth  was  discontinued. 

HOTELS. 

The  "Farmers'  Home'"  Hotel  was  built  by 
Kicholas  Bolferdiug  in  1863,  and  kept  by  him  for 
several  years.  He  sold  it  to  Carl  Schiebe,  in  the 
spring  of  1872.  It  is  now  conducted  by  Carl 
Scliiebe,  Jr.,  and  is  located  at  the  forks  of  the 
"Watertown  and  Wayzata  roads,  on  the  west  side 
of  section  36. 

OFFICIAL  ROSTEH. 

The  present  board  of  officers  for  the  town  are: 
Supervisors,  Jacob  Roths,  chairman,  David  Gor- 
ham  and  William  Eagan ;  Town  Clerk,  J.  H. 
Jordan  ;  Treasurer,  Carl  Schiebe,  Jr.:  Assessor, 
J.  :M.  Parker  ;  Constal)les,  J.  W.  Day  and  Timo- 
thy Ryan  ;  Justices  of  the  Peace,  J.  M.  Parker 
and  P.  J.  Wiimen. 

Population  in  1880,  1,074.  Number  of  acres 
in  the  town,  21,480.  Valuation  of  real  estate, 
$268,343  ;  of  personal  property,  $37,125.  Taxes 
for  1880,  S2,667. 

niOORAPniCAL. 

Christopher  Braesch,  one  of  the  first  settlers 
on  Bass  Lake,  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1830.  His 
parents  died  when  lie  was  nine  years  of  age,  and 
he  was  engaged  in  farming  until  he  came  to 
America,  in  1854.  After  living  in  Chicago,  Illi- 
nois, about  eighteen  months,  he  came  to  St.  An- 
thony, Minnesota,  where  he  built  a  small  house. 
In  1856,  he  made  a  claim  in  Plymoutli,  where  he 
now  lives.  Lived  on  his  claim  a  .short  time, 
building  a  log  house,  then  returned  to  Miiuie- 
apolis,  where  he  engaged  in  mason  work  three 
years;  was  employed  on  the  old  Eastman  and 
Gibson  mill,  and  others.  In  1850,  came  with  his 
family  to  his  claim  in  Plymouth,  where  he  has 
since  remained,  and  now  has  a  pleasant  home, 
lie  married  Sophia  Peters,  at  Chicago,  in  1854. 
They  have  six  children  :  Emma,  Albert,  Henry, 
Mary,  Minnie  and  Charley. 


3S4 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Thomas  Clark  was  bom  in  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land. November  .5tli,  1828.  and  lived  with  his 
father  until  eleven  yeai-s  of  age.  his  mother 
having  died  while  lie  was  younff.  At  the  age  of 
thirteen,  he  began  life  for  himself,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  fanning  until  18-5(i.  when  he  came  to 
this  countrj-.  Resided  in  Massachusetts,  three 
years:  New  York,  five  year.s:  in  Canada  three 
years,  and  in  Huron  county.  Miiliigan.  until 
1S«9,  when  he  came  to  Plymouth,  lie  enlisted 
In  the  Twenty-ninth  Michigan  ^■olunteers,  in 
lsfl4.  and  was  mustered  out  at  Xashville,  Ten- 
nessee, in  Wii.j.  He  was  married  to  Jane  A. 
Sanderson,  of  England  in  184S.  They  have  had 
eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are  living. 

.loseph  \V.  Day  was  born  in  Piscataquis 
comity.  Maine.  .luly  22d,  184VI,  and  lived  with  his 
parents,  engaged  in  farming,  until  ISd.j,  when  he 
came  with  his  father  to  Hennepin  county.  His 
father  died  in  1877.  leaving  Joseph  to  care  for 
the  mother  and  family.  He  has  made  his  home 
in  I'lymoulh  since  coming  to  tliis  county,  and  in 
1871  settled  on  his  present  farm,  ilarricd  Ellen 
S.  Ilugbes,  in  1871.  They  are  the  parents  of  four 
children:  John  .V..  .MImtI  W..  Khiicr  L..  and 
Elzada  15. 

IJenjaniln  Frost,  a  native  of  .Maine,  was  born 
in  Hancock  county.  Mardi  1->tli.  WM).  His  jiar- 
enU  died  wlien  he  was  twelve  years  of  age,  and 
ill  185.5  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  engaged  in 
lumbering  with  L.  Day  and  Sons.  He  worked  on 
the  f<iniidati<in  of  the  dam  at  the  falls,  and  on  the 

1 Ill  piers  above  the  falls :  al.so  helped  to  run  the 

first  logs  foi-  the  mill  at  .Minneapolis.  Married 
Ellen  Criilksbank.  June  2otli.  lsf>2.  In  l.s<!8  he 
bought  the  fami  where  he  lives,  eight  miles  west  of 
.Minncaiiolls.  They  have  live  children  :  Edwin, 
Ada.  Orlii.  Henjamiii.  Jr..  and  Elva. 

Davlil  (Ic.rliaiii.  one  ul  the  earliest  settlers  of 
Hennepin  loiinlx.  was  born  in  (jiiebcc.  Canada. 
When  be  was  four  >ciirs  of  age  his  father  died. 
and  David  went  to  Montreal.  He  was  occupied 
ill  farming  until  18;«i.  when  he  came  to  the 
rnit4Ml  .Slates,  and  resided  two  years  in  ^■irglnia. 
and  twelve  >ears  in  Maine,  cngageil  in  lumbering 
on  the  Penobscot.  In  April.  IK-Iit.  be  came  to  St. 
Anthony.  He  made  a  I'lalm  of  Kill  acres  In  what 
is  now  North  Minneapolis,  and  also  of  the  fai°m 
now   owned   by  K,    P.  liiissell,  near  Lake  Cal- 


houn. He  ran  the  first  shingle  and  lath  mill  in 
the  place.  In  18.54,  he  made  a  claim  in  what  is 
now  Plymouth  township,  and  after  remaining  on 
it  one  year,  returned  to  ^Minneapolis,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  the  lumber  mills  for  about  twelve 
years.  In  1804.  lie.  in  comiiany  with  otliers, 
started  lor  Califiiniia.  but  on  reaching  tlie  Bad 
Lands,  were  surrounded  by  Sioux  Indians,  and 
held  seventeen  days,  then  rescued  b\  General 
Sully's  Cavalry.  Tlicy  then  retiu'iied  to  Minne- 
apolis, satisfied  with  their  adventure.  In  1867  he 
bought  his  present  farm,  and  has  since  lived  in 
Plymouth.  He  has  held  the  office  of  Supervisor 
for  ten  years,  and  has  done  much  for  the  cause  of 
education.  lie  was  married,  in  18.50,  to  Miss 
Barber,  of  Maine.  They  have  had  nine  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living :  Addelle.  Thados. 
Edwina.  David  (i.  T..  Emma.  Lizzie,  and  Ange- 
lina M.  Mary  L.  died  the  day  of  her  birth,  and 
.\ngelina  died  at  the  age  of  twelve  years. 

Jonas  II.  Howe,  a  native  of  Massachusetts, 
was  born  in  Worcester  county,  April  29th,  1821. 
He  attended  the  Academy  at  Deerfield  and  New 
Salem,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one.  went  to 
Boston  for  two  years,  then  returned  to  his  fath- 
er's farm  for  nine  >('ars.  He  came  to  Hennepin 
county  in  l.s-54.  and  made  a  claim  where  he  now 
lives.  The  same  year,  went  with  a  party  to  Crow 
Wing  to  gel  out  tinilicr  for  the  first  Suspension 
bridge.  In  the  fall,  built  a  cabin  si.xteen  feet 
s<iuarc.  on  his  claim.  This  was  the  second  house 
built  In  the  townshiii.  He  brought  the  lumber  for 
his  house,  from  St.  Anthony,  fioating  it  across 
Medicine  Lake,  as  there  was  no  road  around.  In 
1S.5-')  his  family  joined  him.  lii  isiil  he  was 
aiipolnled  enrolling  clerk  for  the  townshi)).  and 
afterwards  enlisted  in  Company  F.  Eleventh  In- 
fantry, with  the  rank  of  sergeant,  andserved  one 
year.  He  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Heiire- 
sentatives  In  186.5.  In  1873  his  dwelling  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  and  be  immediately  rebuilt  a  more 
sulistanlial  house.  .Mr.  Howe  has  been  town 
clerk  for  a  number  of  years,  justice  of  the  peace, 
and  was  census  enumerator  in  issd;  bus  always 
taken  an  active  jiart  in  llic  allaiis  of  llic  town. 
His  wife,  whom  lie  iiiiinicd  in  Massiicliusells.  was 
.Miiigarel  Swelidell,  of  liosloii.  The_\  have  had 
till  children,  seven,  now  li\  ing.  Cora,  theeldest. 
was  a  niember  of  the  lirst  class  at  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb  Institute  at   Faribault ;  was  a  pupil  sev 


PLYMOUTH— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


335 


en  years,  and  taught  three  years,  when  poor 
liealth  compelled  her  to  retire  from  teaching. 

Thomas  Hughes,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Plymoutli,  was  born  in  England,  November  25th, 
1803.  He  served  five  years  in  the  British  Army, 
andin  1849,  brought  his  family  to  America,  andlo- 
cated  at  Burlington,  Iowa,  vuitil  the  fall  of  1853, 
when  he  removed  to  Minnesota.  He  settled  on 
tlie  claim  in  what  is  now  Plymouth,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  At  the  time  he  came,  there  were 
no  roads,  excepting  the  Indian  trails  usedliy  Sha- 
koiiee  and  his  band  of  Sioux.  Mr.  Hughes  has 
given  his  attention  to  farming,  since  his  first  set- 
tlement, and  has  built  up  a  tine  liome.  He  was 
married  to  Hannah  Buckell,  in  England,  Felwu- 
ary  6tli,  1825.  They  have  had  nine  children,  six 
of  whom  are  living  in  Hennepin  county.  Names 
of  children  :  James,  Mary  Ann.  John  (deceased) 
Thomas,  Henry,  Charles,  Ellen  (deceased)  Ed- 
ward and  Ellen  second,  (deceased.)  His  son, 
Thomas,  who  is  now  living  with  him,  enlisted 
in  the  Sixth  Jlinnesota  Infantry  in  18)i],  served 
one  year  and  was  transferred  to  Company  K, 
Twenty-third  Kegiment  Veteran  Reserve  Corps, 
and  served  until  mustered  out  at  St.  Paul  in  1865. 
lie  was  engaged  in  the  liattle  of  Birch  Coolie  and 
Wood  Lake,  during  the  Indian  outbreak. 

James  Hughes  was  born  in  England,  January 
2d,  1825.  He  remained  with  his  parents  until 
the  age  of  twenty-one,  in  the  meantime  serving 
an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years  at  the  black- 
smith trade.  He  then  went  to  Wales,  and  was 
engaged  in  Lee's  iron  works  for  nine  months ; 
returned  to  England,  and  established  a  smithing 
business.  In  1852  he  came  to  Burlington,  Iowa, 
and  engaged  in  business  there  until  March,  1854, 
when  he  started  for  Minnesota,  with  six  yokes  of 
oxen,  two  cows  and  one  wagon.  Tlic  jdui-ney 
was  pleasant  until  they  arrived  in  Minnesota 
Territory,  where  they  found  large  bodies  of  snow 
and  no  roads.  He  was  obliged  to  leave  his  fam- 
ily alone  in  the  wagon  one  night,  while  he  went 
in  search  of  food  and  assistance,  during  a  terrific 
storm.  When  he  arrived  at  Bed  Wing  he  had 
only  five  oxen  and  one  cow,  the  others  having 
perished  on  the  route.  Shipped  from  there  to  St. 
Paul,  sold  his  cattle,  went  to  St.  Anthony,  and  in 
May,  1854,  made  his  claim  in  Plymouth,  where 
he  has  since  lived.  He  engaged  in  farming  and 
smithing  until  the  war  of   the   rebellion.    July, 


1864,  he  enlisted  in  the  Eighth  Minnesota,  and 
was  detailed  as  post-blacksmith  at  Fort  Snelling, 
where  he  served  until  mustered  out,  ^lay,  1865. 
He  has  been  active  in  all  public  affairs  of  the 
township,  and  has  held  all  its  offices.  He  was 
manied  to  Elizabeth  Hatcher  in  England,  April. 
1848.  They  have  had  nine  children,  of  whom  six 
are  living:  Edward,  Ellen.  John.  Julia,  Thomas 
and  Carrie. 

Henry  Hughes,  son  of  Tliomas  Hughes,  was 
born  in  England,  January  28th,  1835.  He  came 
to  the  United  States  with  his  parents,  and  was 
engaged  in  blacksmithing,  at  Burlington,  Iowa  ; 
came  with  his  parents  to  Minnesota  in  18.53,  with 
two  yfikes  of  oxen,  two  cows,  three  horses  and 
two  wagons,  being  twenty-seven  days  on  the 
road.  He  worked  at  blacksmithing  in  Minne- 
apolis, one  year,  then  joined  his  father  on  the 
homestead  in  Plymouth.  lie  was  married  De- 
cember 4th,  1862,  to  Mary  A.  Case,  of  Ohio,  who 
has  borne  him  eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are 
living.  In  July,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  the  Eighth 
Minnesota  Infantry,  and  was  mustered  out  May, 

1865.  Mr.  Hughes  has  a  fine  farm,  and  in  con- 
nection with  it,  carries  on  the  lilacksmithing 
business. 

Charles  W.  Hughes  was  born  in  England,  May 
2d,  1838.  He  came  witli  his  i)arents,  Thomas 
and  Hannah  Hughes,  to  America  in  1849.  and  to 
Minnesota  in  1S53.  Charles  W.  remained  in  St. 
Anthony,  working  with  Haniel  Bassett,  one  of 
the  first  carriage-makers  in  the  place,  one  and 
one-half  years.  He  and  his  brotlier  Henry  made 
claims  in  Benton  count}-,  remained  one  year,  but 
were  obliged  to  abandon  their  claims  on  account 
of  scarcity  of  provisions.  In  the  fall  of  18.59,  he 
built  a  carriage  shop  near  the  suspension  bridge, 
in  Mimieapols.  and  remained  there  until  1861, 
when  he  enlisted  in  Company  1).  First  Mumesota 
Infantry,  and  served  until  mustered  out  in  May, 
1864.  He  participated  in  twenty-one  engage- 
ments, some  of  them  the  hardest-fought  battles 
of  the  war.  In  1864  he  joined  Gen.  Sully's  expe- 
dition up  the  Yellowstone ;  returned  in  the  fall 
and  worked  for  the  government  at  F(u-t  Snelling, 
till  the  spring  of  1865,  when  he  came  to  Plymouth, 
bought  forty  acres  of  land,  to  which  he  has  since 
added  forty  more,  and  has  built  up  a  good  home. 
Married  to  Martha  Hatcher,  of  Hennepin  county, 
May  14th,  1865.     They  have  eight  children. 


336 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Edward  Hughes  was  bom  in  England,  October 
18tli.  1849.  At  the  age  of  three  yeai-s,  his  father 
and  family  came  to  the  United  States,  and  resided 
at  Hiirliniiloii.  Iowa,  until  1S.54.  when  they  came 
to  Miiniesota.  Here  Edward  grev,-  to  manliood, 
ami  fanned  with  liis  father  initil  Xoveuiher  2Sth, 
isTl.  when  he  was  married  to  Sarah  Day.  of 
this  county.  They  settled  on  the  jiresent  farm 
in  .Marcli.  IST.S.  They  are  the  parents  of  four 
children:  George,  Edward.  Ada  and  Edna. 

.Tose))h  .Tamme.  one  of  tlie  early  settlers  of 
Hennepin  county,  was  horn  east  of  (Juehec.  Can- 
ada. May  Ifilli.  Isl4.  He  lived  with  his  parents 
on  the  fann  until  he  reached  the  age  of  twenty- 
four,  and  in  1838.  removed  to  the  I'nited  States, 
residing  in  Maine,  engaged  in  hnnlier  Imsiness 
near  IJangor.  In  18.")3  he  came  to  .Mimiesota. 
and  spent  two  years  Innihering  at  St.  Anthony 
and  on  the  river.  In  is")")  he  made  a  claim  of 
Hid  acres,  in  what  is  )iow  I'lymouth.  wliere  he 
niiu  lives.  After  residing  on  his  claini  one  year, 
lie  returned  to  MinueaiHilis  and  engaged  in  lum- 
hcrjiig  until  ISfiO.  since  which  time  he  has  lesid- 
cd  in  this  town  where  he  has  a  pleasant  home 
twelve  miles  west  of  the  city.  He  was  married 
in  Oldtown.  Maine,  to  Miss  Celeste  Harher.  of 
that  jilace.  They  have  had  nine  children,  of 
whom  six  are  living.  Tho.se  living  are:  Addie 
F.,  Clara.  I'hcilie.  .h.sciih  H.,  Henry  C,  and  Ber- 
nard a. 

Alexander  <;.  Jardinc.  a  natixc  of  Scotland. 
was  born  in  Ayreshiic.  (in  llicstb  of  October.  1847. 
At  tlie  age  of  fifteeu  lie  commenced  to  learn  the 
blacksmith's  trade,  also  worked  for  a  time  with 
Hamlolph.  KIder  tV  Co.,  ship  builders  of  Govan, 
Scotland.  In  I8(>9,  he  went  to  Canada;  stayed 
one  year,  and  then  removed  to  Massachusetts, 
but  aflerwani  returned  to  Canada,  and  in  18T!t. 
be  came  to  l'l\ month,  Mimiesot^j, and  est<ibli.shed 
a  blacksmith  shop,  where  he  is  doing  a  thriving 
business.  October  lllth.  18K0.  he  married,  in 
Minneapolis,  .Miss  Sarah,  daughter  of  \\illian) 
and  Ellen  Allen,  of  Scotland. 

.John  H.  Jordan,  a  native  of  I'nissia.  was  born 
.January  Kith.  1S4.").  When  seven  years  of  age, 
he  came  with  his  parent.s  to  America.  They 
landed  in  Xew  Vork  in  the  fall  of  18.j2,  and 
went  to  Newark,  New  Jemey,  for  a  short  time, 
and  in  I8.';3.  mnved  t<i  Illinois.  In  the  sjiring  of 
18.").').  they  came  to  .Minnesota,  and  made  a  claim 


on  section  18  of  what  is  now  Plymouth  towiiship, 
where  they  experienced,  of  coiu'se,  their  share  of 
the  hardships  of  pioneer  life.  In  .Tuly.  lS(i4. 
John  H.  enlisted  in  the  8th  Minn.  Kegt.  AHl.. 
served  nine  montlis.  and  was  mustered  out  at 
Fort  Snelliug.  M:i\  Kith,  ]8(>o.  He  returned  to 
the  homestead  an<l  lived,  until  his  marriage  with 
Ainia  M.  "Weideubach.  which  occurred  in  Xovem- 
ber.  IHtiS.  In  is?],  he  bought  the  farm  where  he 
now  lives.  Mr.  .lordan  has  been  active  in  all  the 
Iiublic  alfairs  of  the  town,  also  in  promoting  the 
causes  of  Christianity  and  education.  He  has 
been  assessor  for  six  years,  also  justice  of  the 
yieace.  and  school  officer  for  a  number  of  years. 
At  present  he  fills  the  office  of  town  cleik.  They 
have  had  six  children,  only  three  of  whom  are 
living:  Anna,  John  and  Alexander. 

Mathias  Klausman  was  bom  June  12th,  isiis, 
in  Baden.  Germany.  He  lived  with  his  parents 
until  twenty  years  of  age,  when  he  went  into  the 
(iermau  army  for  a  time.  In  1852,  he  emigrated 
to  America,  stayed  in  Xew  York  a  short  time, 
then  removed  to  Ohio,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
farming,  and  also  freighting  for  the  iron  works, 
until  September.  ISfU.  when  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
l)any  F.  One  Hundred  and  Eighty-first  Ohio 
\'olunteer  Infantry,  and  .served  imtil  the  close  of 
the  wai'.  In  IStjfi.  he  came  to  ilinnesota,  and 
settled  on  a  farm  in  Carver  county,  where  he 
lived  seven  years,  then  sold  out.  and  came  to 
I'lymouth:  bought  ninety-seven  acres,  on  the  east 
side  of  Medicine  Lake:  in  fS74,  he  bought  fiffy- 
oiie  acres  more  in  section  ^2l^.  He  has  a  fleet  r)f 
pleasure  boats,  and  his  place  is  one  of  the 
pleasantest  on  the  lake,  situated  six  miles  west 
of  Minneapolis.  Mr.  Klausman  married  iliss 
Frances  Kreyer,  of  (Jermauy.  .January  12th.  18.V"). 
They  have  three  living  children:  rctcr.  Charles. 
and  Frances. 

ThomasOttaway.  a  nati\eof  Devonshire,  lOng- 
land.  was  born  .May  Kith.  Is2s.  When  he  had 
grown  to  manhood  he  took  the  supciiiitcinleucy 
of  an  extensive  I'anii  near  his  birlh)ilace.  The 
most  of  his  time  was  spent  in  this  business  until 
181)0,  when  he  brought  his  family  to  America. 
He  was  with  William  King,  at  l,\iidale  farm,  one 
year,  then  sui)erintended  the  Wilmai-  farm,  for 
live  years,  and  In  I87(i  he  bought  a  farm  at  Bar- 
ker's lake,  but  sold  in  issn.  and  bought  where 
he  now    Besides,  one  and  one-half  miles  east  of 


PL  YMOUTH-BIOGRAPHICAL. 


337 


Wayzata.  Mr.  Ottaway  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  Kowell,  of  England,  August,  1850.  Tliey 
are  the  parents  of  two  children:  Mary  and  Emil> . 

Daniel  C  Parker  was  born  in  Cvmilierland 
county,  Maine,  June  9th,  1823.  When  four  years 
of  age  he  went  with  his  father's  family  to  Ohio, 
and  remained  nine  years:  then  returned  to  Maine. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  began  ship-building, 
and  was  engaged  in  this  business  eleven  years, 
heliung  build  some  of  the  largest  sailing  vessels 
of  that  time.  On  the  28th  of  May,  1851,  Mr. 
Parker  married  Miss  Hester  A.,  daughter  of  Ira 
and  Betsey  Green,  of  Maine.  In  the  spring  of 
18.55  he  came  to  Minnesota  and  pre-empted  the 
farm  where  be  now  lives.  In  those  days  lumber 
was  hard  to  obtain,  and  he  built  a  log  ealiin,  LiOx.^O 
feet,  using  bass-wood  bark  for  shingles;  be  now 
has  a  tine  large  barn,  and  about  the  year  1H7U, 
he  built  his  present  residence.  He  has  taken  an 
active  part  in  all  public  affairs  of  the  town;  he 
was  a  member  of  the  first  school  board,  chairman 
of  the  first  town  board,  and  was  also  a  delegate 
to  tlie  fir.st  convention  held  in  tlie  state.  They 
have  had  a  family  of  seven  children;  only  five 
are  living. 

James  M.  Parker,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Ply- 
mouth, was  born  in  Cumberland  county,  Maine, 
September  5th,  1820.  He  accompanied  bis  par- 
ents to  Kentucky,  remained  there  one  year 
and  left  on  account  of  hostile  Indians,  removing 
to  Cincinnati,  Oliio.  where  his  father  engaged  in 
ship-building.  He  remained  there  until  183Bi 
when  they  retimied  to  Maine.  James  lived  with 
his  parents  until  1846.  when  he  married  Anna  P. 
Ridley,  and  removed  to  Massachusetts,  remain- 
ing one  year.  He  returned  to  Maine,  and  in  18511. 
brought  his  family  to  ^Minnesota,  and  made  the 
claim  in  this  town,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
His  father  preceded  him  one  year.  There  were 
no  roads  at  that  time,  and  the  Indians  were  con- 
tinually passing  to  and  fro.  He  has  held  all  the 
otflces  of  the  township,  and  has  been  justice  of 
the  peace  twenty-one  years ;  has  been  postmaster 
at  Parker's  Lake  for  nine  years.  He  has  also 
been  largely  interested  in  the  cause  of  education. 
Alfred  A.,  George  M.,  Ella  J.,  Marietta  M.,  Fran- 
cis E.,  Dora  A.,  Carrie  E.,  Walter  I.,  Ida  A.,  are 
their  children.     Eugene  E.  died. 

John  H.  Past  was  born  in   Jjuzerne    county, 
Pennsylvania,  March  2:^d,  1849.     He  came  with 
22 


his  father  to  ^Minnesota  in  18.59,  and  remained 
until  1863,  when  they  went  to  Delaware.  In 
1877,  John  H.  returned  to  Minnesota,  where  he 
has  since  remained.  ^larried  Miss  Margaret 
Rowan,  of  Pennsylvania,  December  25tb,  1864. 
They  have  had  four  children;  only  one  of  tliem 
is  living. 

Henry  Pnihlwiis  born  in  Mecklenburg-Schwer- 
en,  in  1827.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  started 
in  life  for  himself,  and  engaged  in  farming  until 
1858  when  he  came  to  this  country,  and  to  Miinie- 
apolis.  After  living  there  nine  years,  he  bought 
the  farm  where  he  now  lives,  on  the  south  shore 
of  Bass  Lake.  When  he  came  to  this  country 
be  was  a  poor  man;  now  has  a  tine,  well-stocked 
farm.  He  was  married  in  Minneapolis,  in  18.59, 
to  Dora  Went,  of  his  native  place.  They  have 
bad  eight  children,  only  two  of  whom  are  living: 
Charles  and  Henry. 

¥.  Radintz.  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Plym- 
outh, was  born  in  Prussia,  June  29th,  1828.  He 
remained  with  his  parents  until  fifteen  years  of 
age,  when  be  began  life  for  himself,  and  wfis  en- 
gaged as  shepherd  until  1852,  when  he  came  to 
America.  He  went  to  Sheboygan,  Wisconsin, 
and  thence  to  the  Lake  Superior  coi)per  mines 
for  nearly  two  years.  In  October  1854,  he  came 
to  what  is  now  Plymouth,  and  made  a  claim  of 
the  farm  where  he  now  lives.  He  btiilt  a  small 
log  house  and  shaved  out  shingles  for  the  roof. 
After  remaining  one  year,  he  removed  to  Saint 
Anthony  where  he  was  engaged  in  well-digging 
for  two  years.  In  November  1857,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Cbristina  Snabel,  of  Prussia,  and  located 
on  this  farm,  which  he  has  since  improved  un- 
til it  is  a  tine  place.  He  has  been  treasurer  of 
of  the  school  district  and  has  done  much  foi-  the 
cause  of  education.  Of  the  fourteen  chilcheu 
born  to  tbeiu,  cle\  en  reside  with  tlieir  i)aren1son 
the  fai'm. 

Xicbolas  Rochl,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  boi'u 
February  21st,  1827.  When  Nicholas  was  ten 
years  old,  his  father  died,  and  four  years  later, 
he  began  teaching,  which  he  continued  four  years. 
His  mother  died,  and  be  engaged  in  farming  for 
nine  years.  He  was  married  .January  22d,  1849, 
to  Anna  Mary  Schnei<lei-,  and  in  June,  1854, 
brought  his  family  to  America,  and  settled  near 
Saint  I'aul.  In  April,  1864,  lie  bouglit  the  farm 
in  I'lynioulli,  where  lie  now  lives,  situated  eleven 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


miles  west  of  Miuneai-olis.  where  he  has  built  up 
a  plea.s;int  lum.e.  lie  has  been  supervisor  and 
justice  of  the  peace,  and  has  also  been  assessor 
three  years.  Of  the  twelve  <'hiklroii  born  to  them 
eight  are  now  living. 

Jacob  Roths,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
August  lilh.lsST.    He  remained  with  his  parents 
until  he  reached  maturity.    He  was  married  Oc- 
toljer  liUh,   1865.  to  Katherine  Xilles,  of  Ger- 
many, and  in  November  started  for  America.  He  ! 
came  directly  to  Minnesota  and  lived  on  Medicine 
Lake  till  January  WW.  when  he  bought  the  farm 
where  he  now  lives.    He  has  been  treasurer  of 
the  township  four  years,  also  supenisor,  and  is  j 
chairman  of  the  present  board.    He  has  a  fam-  I 
ily  of  seven  children  :  four  boys  and  tliree  girls.      1 

August  F.  Sandhoff  was  bom  in  Pnissia,  April 
23d,  1834.  He  lived  with  his  parents  until  twen-  | 
ty-<ine  years  of  age.  and  worked  at  carpenters" 
trade  until  1861,  when  he  came  to  America.  He 
located  in  Saint  Anthony,  and  in  1868,  bought 
the  farm  where  he  now  lives,  in  the  town  of 
Plymouth,  eight  miles  from  Minncaiiolis.  In 
18t>9  he  was  married  to  Miss  Willmina  Sprung, 
of  Pnissia.  They  are  the  parents  of  five 
children,  three  of  whom  are  living  :  (lUo.  Emma 
and  Mary.  Mr.  SandholT  has  been  prominent  in 
the  growth  of  the  town.  He  and  his  wife  arc 
members  of  the  Kvangelical  Cluirch. 

Herman  A.  SandholT  wasliorn  in  Prussia,  Jan- 
uary 13th.  183ti.     He  lived  witli  his  parents  un- 
til the  age  of  eighteen,  when  he  liegan  the   trade 
of  slone  mason,  and   in   IS-'jI.  moved  to  IJerlin, 
where  he  worked  until  18.54.    He  then  came  to 
America  and  worked  at  his  trade  in  (Jalena,  Illi- 
nois, a  few  weeks,  tlien  came  to  St.  Anthony, 
where  he  worked  seven  months,  on  the  old  Island 
mill  and  the  paper  mill.     In  January  iSo.",.  he 
made  a  claim  to  the  farm  where  he  now  lives. 
At  that  time  the  region  around  him  was  an   un- 
broken wililcrness,  siive  one  or  two  settlers.     He 
wa.-* married  to  Miss  Amelia  Schmidt,  of  Henne- 
pin county.     They  have  lia<l  seven  children,  six 
now  living.     Mr.  SandholT  has  been  sujiervisor, 
and  has  been  active  in  i)iomoting  tlie  affairs  of 
the  town.     He  and  his  wife  are  nicnibiTs  of  the 
Jyuthcrau  Chiuch. 


Carl  Schiebe  Sr.,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
uii  the   8lli  of  January.  1H1."J.     He  lived  with  his 


parents  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  when  he 
commenced  freighting,  and   was  thus  engaged 
until  is«8.  when  he  came  to  America  ;  he  lived  in 
New  York  three  years,  and  in  1860.  removed  to 
aiinneapolis,  where  he  remained  seven  years.     In 
1873  he  bought  two  hundred  acres   of  land  in 
Plymouth,  and  built  a  house,  18x28  feet,  which 
he  proposed  to  use  for  a  hotel ;  he  soon  found  it 
was  not  large  enough  to  accommodate  the  nu- 
merous travelers,  so  he  built  an  adition  20x:i8 
feet ;  the  house  is  now   well   known   throughout 
the  comity  as  the  Farmer's  Home.     In  1879,  he 
bouglit  one  hnndred   and  sixty  acres  of  land  in 
section  3.5.    where  lie  erected  a  large  dwelling 
house  and  barns  on  the  Mimieapolisand  Wayzata 
road.      In    1844,   Mr.   Sdiicbr  nuivricd  Johainia 
(;enka.  of  Prussia. 

Frederick  Henry   I'.cnjaniiii  Schmidt  was  born 
in  Pru.ssia.  December  27th.  I.s2i).     He  lived  with 
his  parents  vmtil  twenty-one  years  of  age.  when 
he  enlisted  in  the  Prussian  army,  and  served  three 
years.    In  18.53  he  came  to  .Vmerica.  and  after  a 
stay  of  one  >ear  near  Chicago,  came  to  St.  Antho- 
ny, and  in  tlie  Sluing  of  1855,  made  a  claim  of  160 
acres  where  he  now  lives.    He  resided  in  St.  An- 
thony eleven  years,  engaged  in  carpenter  work 
and  teaming.     In  January,  18.54,  he  made  a  trip, 
with  team,  to  the  Ked  River  ('omitry,  and  was 
out  twenty-nine  days.    During  this  trip  he  expe- 
rienced many  hardshii>s.  being  several  days  with- 
out food  for  himself  or  team.     He  was  married 
December  Uth.   1857.  to    Barbara    Ortlieb,  of 
Prussia,  and  in  the  following  spring  moved  to  his 
home  in  Plymouth,  wliere  he  lias  since  resided.  He 
has  been  scliool  olliccr  lor  a  number  of  year.s. 
Dennis  Schnutz  was  born  in  Coblentz  Parish, 
west  of  the  River  Rhine,  A]m\  29th,  1827.    He 
lived  with  his  parents  imtil  eighteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  entered  the  army,  and  served  until  ls.50. 
In  1852  he  came  to  America  ;  sjieul  tlnee  years 
in    the    lumber    regions,   of    Michigan,   and    in 
1855  came  to  Mimiesota.    Tlie  same  year,  his  fa- 
ther and  family  emigrated  to  .Vmerica.  and  mak- 
ing claims,  settled  in  wliat  is  now  Plymouth.  Mr. 
Schmitz  has  been  active  in  all  public  affairs  of  the 
town  :    was  a   mcndier  of  llic  lir.st  school  board, 
and  has  been  chairman  of  the  town  board  a  niun- 
bcr  of  times.     He  was  married  in  St.  Paul.  Peb- 
ruary  6lli.  IhiiO.to  Miss  Susan  Gainer, of  Prussia. 
They  are  the  parents  of  seven  children 


MINNEAl'OLIS-GENERAL  DESCRIP 1  ION. 


339 


MINNEAPOLIS. 


CHAPTER  LIV. 

GENERAL    DESCRIPTION— EAKLY    SETTLEMENT 

— ORGANIZATION SCHOOLS TOWN  HALL — 

CLARK  CHAPEL HOPKINS  STATION SUM- 
MER RESORTS — LYNDALE  FARM — CEMETER- 
IES  INDUSTRIES      AND     MANUFACTURES 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

The  history  of  this  township  is  closely  identi- 
fied with  that  of  the  City  of  Minneapolis,  from 
which  it  derives  its  name.  It  is  situated  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  and  partially 
snrroimds  the  city.  A  portion  of  its  territory 
was  formerly  embraced  in  the  Fort  Snelling  Res- 
ervation. Tlie  Mississipiii  river  forms  its  eastern 
boundaiy,  south  of  the  city  limits,  and  Miiine- 
ha-ha  creek  separates  it  from  Richfield  for  a  sliort 
distance  on  the  south-east.  In  the  south  and 
east,  the  surface  is  generallv  level,  and  in  the 
nortli  and  west,  rolUng  and  hghtly  timbered. 
Previous  to  settlement,  a  growth  of  small  brush, 
existed  over  nearly  the  whole  surface.  This  has 
since  been  cleared,  or  allowed  to  develop  into 
thrifty  young  timber;  in  the  latter  case,  the 
larger  growth  has  resulted  from  care,  and  freedom 
from  fires. 

The  soil  in  the  south  and  south-east,  is  a  heavy 
dark  loam  and  in  the  north-west  it  is  lighter, 
with  occasional  sandy  knolls.  It  generally  pro- 
duces fine  crops.  This  township  is  noted  for  the 
beauty  of  its  lakes,  which  are  found  in  nearly 
every  portion  of  its  territory.  A  group  of  lakes 
such  as  are  of  frequent  occurrence  in  Minnesota, 
is  found  in  the  central  and  southern  parts  of  the 
town.  The  largest  of  these  is  Lake  Calhoun, 
which  is  nearly  round  and  has  a  circumference  of 
over  three  miles.  Its  waters  are  clear  and  in 
some  places,  of  great  depth.  The  shores  are 
sandy  and  afford  excellent  bathing  places.  This 
lake  was  named  in  honor  of  Hon.  John  C.  Cal- 


lioun,  at  the  time  Fort  Snelling  was  first  occupied. 
It  is  but  little  more  than  one  mile  distant  from 
the  city  limits,  and  being  of  easy  access  by  fine 
drives  and  the  Lyndale  Motor,  is  a  favorite  resort 
with  resident  and  tourist.  Accommodations  for 
the  comfort  and  pleasure  of  the  visitor  are  fur- 
nished, a  description  of  which  will  be  found  fur- 
ther on  in  this  chapter.  Lake  Harriet  is  located 
just  south  of  Calhoun,  and  is  very  near  the  same 
in  size  and  shape;  a  portion  of  it  is  in  the  town  of 
Richfield.  Its  shores  and  bottom  are  sandy. 
These  lakes  are  of  historic  interest,  for  on  their 
shores  was  erected  tlie  th'st  houses,  and  here  was 
the  first  farming,  by  civilians,  in  Hennepin 
county.  Cedar  Lake  is  situated  north-west  of 
Calhoun,  and  is  about  one  mile  in  length  and 
half  a  mile  in  width.  Its  shores  are  sandy,  and 
on  the  west,  stony  and  gravelly.  Lake  of  the 
Isles,  north  of  I^ake  Callioun  ;uid  se]iarated  from 
it  by  a  high  gravelly  beacli  and  a  narrow  strip  of 
swampy  land,  contains  as  its  name  indicates,  a 
number  of  small  islands.  It  covers  about  one 
hundred  and  sixty  acres,  and  has  generally  sandy 
shores.  Bass  Lake,  half  a  mile  west  of  Lake 
Calhoun,  has  an  area  of  aI)out  eighty  acres,  and 
shores  similar  to  those  of  Cedar  Lake.  In  the 
south-eastern  part  of  the  town,  is  Hice  Lake, 
through  which  fiows  Minnehaha  creek.  In  the 
northern  part,  is  Keegan  Lake,  on  section  20, 
Sweeney  and  Twin  lakes  on  sections  IS  and 
If),  and  Keller's  Lake  on  section  H2.  On  secliou 
12.  near  the  west  line  of  tlie  lnwn  is  Lake  Han- 
nan,  and  in  the  central  i)art,  are  lakes  Held  and 
Ilallaron  on  section  HO.  These  and  other  small 
lakes,  are  more  or  less  marshy.  All  the  lakes 
mentioned,  like  others  in  the  country,  were  well 
stocked  with  fish,  when  the  county  w'as  first  set- 
tled and  some  of  them  still  afford  good  fishing. 
The  watei-s  of  Bass  Lake  flow  south-easterly, 
through  a  small  creek  into  Calhoun.  The  outlet 
of  CallioMii  is  on  the  S(jiith  and  cdiniects   il   with 


340 


JU.-iTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


I«ike  Harriet,  from  whence  a  small  creek  con- 
veys the  united  waters  into  Minnehaha  creek. 
near  the  Kichlield  mills.  Cedar  Lake  and  Lake 
of  the  Isles,  have  no  visible  outlets. 

The  iirincipal  creeks  of  the  townshiii.  arc  Has- 
.setfs  and  Minne-lia-ha.  The  latter  rises  in  lake 
Minnetonka.  and.  entering  the  town  on  the  west. 
flows  across  the  southwest  comer  into  the  town 
of  Kichlield.  and  thence  through  Hicc  Lake,  from 
which  point  to  its  junction  witli  the  Mississiiipi 
river,  it  forms  llic  hoimdarv  of  the  township. 
Uassetfs  creek  enters  the  township  from  the 
west,  ami  flows  in  an  easterly  direction  across  it 
and  the  city,  and  empties  into  the  Mississippi 
river  just  within  the  limits  of  theorisrinal  military 
resenatiou. 

EAUI.Y  SKITI.KMION'r. 

The  first  person  who  lived  willjhi  the  limits  of 
this  townshiji.  is  said  to  have  been  Joseiih  K. 
Uniwn,  a  discharged  soldier,  who.  by  tolerance  of 
the  commanding  officer  at  Fort  Suelliug.  dwelt 
near  Mimie-ha-ha  Falls,  within  the  resciTation. 
Major  Taliaferro,  in  1K20.  opened  a  farm  on  tlie 
shores  of  Ijake  ("alhoim.  for  the  beiielil  of  the 
Sioux  Indians,  and  as  Mimie-lia-ha  was  called 
Hrown"s  Falls,  after  General  Jacob  Brown,  and 
Lake  ("alhoun  was  named  after  a  late  secretary 
of  war,  he  called  the  settlement  Eatonville,  after 
the  Hon.  John  II.  Eaton,  of  Tennessee,  secretary 
of  war  under  I'resident  Jackson  from  1H2!I  to 
1831.  The  first  farmer  of  the  establishment  was 
Philander  I'rescoll.  hi  is.'M.  tlic  I'ond  ludthcrs 
arrived,  and  were  the  lii-st  civilians  to  eiect  a 
dwelling  ni  the  county.  Katonville  grew  to 
ijulte  a  village,  but  upon  the  renifival  of  ihc-  I)a- 
koUdis  to  the  banks  of  the  Mimiesola.  in  l>s4.'i, 
the  improvements  at  Lakes  Calhoun  and  Harriet 
were  abandoneil.  From  that  date  until  1H4S).  we 
can  lejini  of  no  settlements  on  the  west  side  of 
the  river.  In  the  spring  of  that  yeai'.  I'liilaiiilcr 
I'lvscoll  made  a  claim  on  the  east  side  of  what  is 
now  MImie-ha-lia  avenue.  'I'liis  claim  being  on 
the  military  reservation,  he  was  not  allowed  to 
remain,  and  it  was  oicupii'<l  li\  Franklin  Steele, 
who  had  pcrnnssion  from  the  sccretar\  of  wai' 
for  Hucli  occu|iation.  I'resi'ott  then  located  a 
claim  adjoining  St4>ele  on  the  west,  but  did  not 
take  |Kissession  of  it  initil  after  the  reservation 
came  into  market.     His  home  was  in  the  town  of 


TJichfield  until  his  death.  He  was  horn  in  On- 
tario county.  New  York,  in  1801.  In  1819  he 
vi.sited  a  brother  at  Detroit.  Michigan,  and  while 
there,  engaged  as  clerk  with  Mr.  Devotion,  a  sut- 
tler,  for  a  trip  up  the  ^Mississippi.  In  the  latter 
part  of  the  year  1810,  he  arrived  at  the  canton- 
ment of  Fort  St.  Anthony,  now  Fort  Snelling, 
then  in  connnaiid  of  Col.  Leavenworth.  In  the 
winter  of  1824  o,  he  was  trading  near  the  fort. 
The  Indians  stole  some  of  his  goods,  part  of 
whicli  were  restored;  in  settlement  of  his  claim 
for  those  not  restored,  the  chief  gave  him  his 
daughter  in  marriage.  For  three  years  he  was 
w-ith  the  Columbia  Fur  Company,  and  in  1830, 
was  appointed  Indian  farmer  at  Lake  Calhoun. 
He  was  tem])orarily  engaged  as  interpreter  at  the 
Redwood  ageni\  wlien  the  outbreak  occurred, 
and  was  killed  by  the  Indians  in  August,  1862. 
His  wife  and  a  daughter  were  taken  prisoners, 
but  el'fecte<l  their  escape  through  the  aid  of 
friendly  Indians,  and  retiu'ned  to  their  home  at 
Minne-ha-ha.  These  two,  an  adopted  daughter 
and  one  son  are  dead.  The  eldest  daughter. 
Mis.  Pettijohn.  is  living  at  Shakopee.  and  an- 
other daughter,  Mrs.  Hamilton,  is  living  in  Eden 
Prairie.     There  is  also  a  son  surviving. 

In  the  winter  of  1849,  Charles  Monsseaux,  by 
permission  of  the  military  authorities  at  Fort 
Snelling,  made  a  claim  on  the  eastern  shore  of 
Lake  Calhoun,  and  built  his  shanty  on  the  site  of 
the  old  mission  where  the  Ponds  resided,  now  oc- 
cujiied  by  the  Pavillion.  He  remained  on  this 
claim  until  the  fall  of  ls.")7.  when  he  moved  tollie 
city  of  Mimieaiiolis.  where  he  resided  mdil  the 
fall  of  18S0.  He  then  removed  to  his  present 
))lace,  south  of  tlic  cil.v  limits,  oti  section  34.  He 
was  born  in  Monlieal,  Canada,  in  18(l().  He  was 
em|)lo\(il  li\  the  American  Fiii' Company  as  voy- 
ageur.  and  In  that  caiiacits  arrivccl  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing in  IS20.  .\fter  about  a  week  he  went  to  Lac 
(|ui  Parle,  where  lie  rcmaiucd  about  a  xcar.  He 
then  returned  lo  Fort  Snelling.  and  thence  to 
Prairie  du  ( 'liieii.  I  le  was  a  carpenler  and  house 
painter.  au<l  <Migagcil  in  those  trades  for  several 
\ears.  In  18;!0  he  assisted  in  the  iuilirovements 
then  being  made  at  the  Fort.  He  also  built  the 
house  of  Col  Stevens,  the  lirst  in  Miuneaiiolis. 

Shortly  after  Monsseaux.  came  lii'v.  F.  >',. 
(iear.  chaplain  at  Fort  Suilling.  anil  made  a  claim 
east  of  Lake  Calhoun,  b\    permission   nl'  the  niili- 


MINNEAPOLIS—  EARL Y  SETTLEMENT. 


341 


tary  authorities.  He  never  lived  on  the  claim, 
but  employed  EcUiiond  Brissett  to  hold  it  until 
sucli  time  as  lie  could  enter  it.  When  that  time 
arrived,  a  contest  ai'ose  between  them  as  to  the 
ownership  of  the  claim.  Mr.  Gear,  with  the  aid 
of  .Judge  Black  and  lion.  H.  M.  Hice,  got  a  bill 
through  Congress,  allowing  him  to  enter  the  land 
at  goveniment  price.  He  paid  Mrs.  Brissett  two 
liundred  dollars  to  leave  the  claim.  Brissett  and 
family  then  moved  to  Plymouth,  where  the  family 
now  reside.  He  now  lives  in  St.  Paul.  Mr.  Gear 
remauied  at  Fort  Snelliug  until  1860,  wlien  he 
moved  to  Fort  Ripley,  where  he  remained  imtil 
istis.  then  returned  to  Miuneapohs.  In  1870  he 
sold  his  claim,  and  it  is  now  part  of  the  "  Lyndale 
Farm."  He  died  in  October,  1873,  and  w-as 
bm'ied  in  Lakewood  ("emetery.  His  wife  and 
part  of  the  family  still  reside  in  Minneapolis.  One 
of  his  sons  is  the  present  governor  of  the  state  of 
Iowa. 

The  next  claimant  was  David  (iorhaui.  who  lo- 
cated on  the  eastern  side  of  Lake  of  tlie  Isles.  It 
embraced  the  southwest  quarter  of  section  33.  He 
sold  his  claim  to  R.  P.  Russell,  who  bought  it  for 
his  brother,  L.  K.  Russell.  The  latter,  hi  1852, 
placed  a  tenant  on  it  for  a  time,  and  it  tinally  be- 
came the  property  of  R.  P.  Russell,  who  now 
owns  it.     Gorhani  is  living  in  Plymouth. 

In  April,  1851,  John  I?erry  made  a  claim  on  tlic 
west  side  of  Cedar  Lake  on  section  31,  and 
raised  the  first  crop  on  the  west  side.  lie  lived 
oil  his  claim  until  1867.  then  sold,  and  has  since 
resided  in  the  city  of  Minneapolis.  During  the 
winter  of  185L-'2  rumors  of  the  proposed  reduc- 
tion of  the  Military  Reservation  caused  consider- 
able excitement  among  the  residents  of  Saint 
Anthony  and  the  new  arrivals  from  the  East  in 
search  of  locations.  Early  in  the  spring  of  1852, 
claim-staking  began,  and  in  a  short  time  nearly 
every  desiralile  location  south  of  the  city,  and 
within  the  present  boundaries  of  the  town,  was 
claimed.  Claim-shanties  were  erected  on  nearly 
all  of  them,  and  some  had  a  small  piece  of  land 
plowed.  But  the  land  not  being  subject  to  entry, 
they  were  trespassers,  and  soldiers  were  sent  out 
from  the  fort  to  drive  them  away.  It  was  a  common 
occm-rence  for  a  squatter  to  leave  liis  place  with 
everything  all  right,  and  returning,  after  an  aliseuce 
of  one  day,  to  find  his  slianty  a  wreck,  and  any 
other  improvements  he  might  have  made  desl  re  lyei  I . 


"  Claim  jumping  "  was  also  greatly  in  vogue  for  a 
time,  but  the  older  settlers,  who  held  the  prior 
right  to  the  claims,  organized  themselves  into  a 
society,  known  as  the  "  Equal  Right  and  Impar- 
tial Protection  Chiiin  Association  of  IIeiiiiei)in 
county,  M.  T."  The  ol)ject  of  this  association 
was  to  protect  each  actual  settler  in  his  right  to  a 
claim,  and  the  "  jumper"  fared  badly  who  fell  in- 
to the  lianils  of  this  league.  A  committee,  con- 
sisting of  members  of  the  organization,  was  ap- 
pointed, whose  duty  it  was  to  decide  questions  in 
regard  to  the  ownership  of  claims,  arising  between 
members  of  the  ass9ciation.  A  decision  once 
made,  it  was  not  well  for  the  defeated  party  to  try 
and  gain  his  end  by  force  or  strategy.  A  few, 
having  permission  from  the  officers  of  the  Fort 
to  remain,  held  their  claims  easily  :  but  the  many 
were  obliged  to  wait  until  the  restriction  to  settle- 
ment was  removed  by  the  government.  In  fact, 
(ill  who  had  claims,  and  were  living  on  them,  pre- 
vious to  the  release,  did  so  by  the  permission  of 
the  authorities  at  the  Fort,  or  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment. A\'lien  the  reduction  of  the  reservation 
took  phu'e,  in  the  spring  of  1853,  the  rush  for 
claims  was  so  great  that  it  is  impossible  to  name 
the  settlers  of  that  year  in  the  order  of  their  ar- 
rival. Claims  were  made  siniultaneoiisly,  west 
and  southwest  of  Minucai)olis,  but  it  was  not  un- 
til a  later  period  that  the  iniu'e  reniore  remote  por- 
tions of  the  township  were  settled. 

Among  those  who  settled  in  1852,  were,  T.  W. 
Peine,  who  bought  his  claim  of  a  Mr.  Lowell  in 
October  of  that  year,  and  has  since  resided  in 
this  town  on  the  original  claim.  He  effected  a 
settlement  with  the  government  by  wliich  he  was 
allowed  to  remain.  His  house,  on  section  5,  west 
of  Lake  Calhoun,  was  the  only  one  to  be  seen, 
at  that  time,  between  Beri-y's,  west  of  him,  and 
that  of  J.  H.  Stevens,  then  located  near  the  pres- 
ent suspension  bridge.  F.  X.  Cripeau,  made 
his  claim  at  a  very  early  date,  and  entered  it  as 
soon  as  the  land  came  into  market.  This  was  on 
section  16,  just  west  of  the  present  limits  of  the 
city,  where  he  has  since  lived.  Kobert  Blaisilell 
and  son  Robert,  made  claims  in  18.52,  where 
they  nciw  live.  .1.  T.  Blaisdell  located  on  the 
north-east  (luarter  of  section  34.  Others  who 
located  in  that  year  were,  (Jeorge  Parks,  (Jordoii 
.lackins,  Edgar  Folsoiii,  .Nathan  Rolierts,  Simon 
Odell.  an<l  Titus  Pcttijohii.     Eli  Pettijohii  had  a 


Sii 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


claim  near  the  Fort  Snelling  road,  but  never 
lived  on  it.  Charles  Brown  took  a  claim  through 
the  aid  of  Caiitaiii  John  Rollins,  in  section  1.  and 
Frank  Kollins  had  a  claim  near  by.  Benjamin 
Parker  located  where  the  Gilmore  Furnitiu-e 
Factory,  now  stands,  and  William  Richardson, 
on  sections  10  and  11.  lie  afterward  removed 
to  [Meeker  county,  where,  several  years  ago,  he 
shot  his  wife,  hut  not  fatally,  and  then  shot  him- 
self with  fatal  etTcct.  Sweet  W.  Case  located  a 
claim  in  18-52.  and  a  widow  lady,  Mrs.  Sayer, 
made  a  claim  shortly  after.  Deacon  John  S. 
Mann,  located  the  north-east  quarter  of  section 
!•.  and  in  ISo"  sold  it  to  John  Potts  Brown.  It 
is  now  a  i>art  of  the  Lyndale  Farm.  Deacon 
Mann  removed  to  southern  Minnesota,  and  to 
Iowa,  shortly  after  selling  his  claim,  and  is  now 
the  owner  of  a  large  stock  ranchc  near  Mandan. 
Dakota  Territoiy. 

Chandler  Ilutchins  made  a  claim  on  section  3, 
(111  what  is  now  the  west  side  of  Chicago  avenue. 
C.  C.  Garvey.  located  his  claim  on  section  lli.  and 
ha-s  since  resided  there. 

In  1852.  Charles  Gilpatrick.  who  is  still  living 
on  a  part  of  the  original  claim,  made  a  selection 
of  eighty  acres  in  what  is  now  section  8").  Dur- 
ing the  summer  of  18.53.  he  linike  one  hundred 
and  flirty  acres  of  land,  for  himself  and  others  ; 
this  was  tlie  first  large  amount  of  breaking  by 
one  individual.  In  1853.  Martin  Layman  bought 
the  claim  taken  by  Ilanscom.  audit  is  stated  that 
lie  and  .\Ir.  (iilpatrick.  raised,  in  1854.  the  largest 
crojis  in  the  townshiii.  Ard  (Godfrey,  who  had 
resided  in  .Saint  .\iithony  since  184;i.  made 
hi8  claim  in  18.53.  (in  Minne-ha-ha  creek.  Dur- 
ing the  year  he  built  a  saw-mill,  the  first  in 
the  township,  which  he  ojierated  for  a  number  of 
years.  It  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1863.  Rev.  J. 
Cressy  made,  late  in  the  fall  of  1852,  a  claim  of 
the  north-west  quarter  of  section  10,  south-east 
of  Lake  Calhoun,  and  after  holding  it  two  years 
sold  to  one  Perkins,  aiid  went  to  Hastings,  near 
when-  he  made  another  chiirn.  lie  niinncd  in 
Mliiiiea|Kilis.  and  resides  hi  tlic  lity.  The 
orlgiiiid  claim  is  now  the  farm  uf  11.   \'aii  Xest. 

W.  (i.  MolTett  came  to  Fort  Snelllng  in  1849, 
anil  ill  18.52, made  a  claim  on  section  7  near  Min- 
iie-ha-lia  Falls:  thisis  imwiiwiied  by  .liiscph  Dean. 
IIIsolde.Ht  siui.  \V.  H.  .MiifTclt  came  In  18.52.  and 
located  Ills  claim  mi  seclimi  7.  where  he  still  re- 


sides. Judge  Moffett,  died  about  four  years  ago, 
at  the  house  of  his  son-in-law,  A.  S.  Adams, 
with  whom  the  widow  still  lives.  He  was  buried 
in  Lakewood  cemetery. 

The  western  and  northern  portions  of  the 
township  were  not  permanently  settled  until  a 
later  period.  Although  not  included  in  the  mili- 
tary reservation,  laud  in  that  part  of  the  town 
was  not  considered  so  desirable,  and  the  rush  for 
locations  was  not  so  great,  .\mong  the  first  were 
the  Ilallaron  brothers,  William  Byrnes,  Thomas 
Gaffney,  Peter  Curley,  John  Green.  Frank  and 
.lolin  Doyle,  and  John  and  Daniel  Brackins.  the 
latter  with  their  parents.  The  Ilallarons  were 
from  Cortland  county.  New  Vork.  and  settled  in 
the  western  part  of  the  town.  The  fiist  of  these, 
was  Patrick,  who  came  in  the  fall  of  1852.  He 
died  from  injuries  received  by  the  kick  of  a  horse, 
in  1877.  His  widow  still  occupies  the  homestead 
on  section  29.  John  J..  Dennis,  Michael,  Eugene, 
Thomas  and  Jeremiah  Halloran  arrived  in  1854. 
They  are  all  living  in  that  portion  of  the  town 
where  they  tirst  settled,  with  the  exception  of 
Thomas,  who  has  lieen  in  business  in  the  city 
for  the  past  five  years.  Of  the  Doyle  brothers, 
John  died  about  ten  years  ago,  and  Frank  still 
resides  on  the  farm  on  section  33.  The  south- 
west jiart  of  the  town  was  settled  in  1854  by  H. 
II.  lloiikins.  (ieorge  M.  liurns  and  F.  II.  War- 
neke.  Hopkins  and  Wanicke  still  reside  here. 
Burns  died  about  three  > cars  ago;  his  family 
still  live  on  the  farm.  John  Ilannan  and  sons, 
settled  in  the  west  part  of  the  township  in  1855. 
I'rom  the  time  the  reservation  wiis  thrown  open 
to  settlers,  the  growth  of  the  township  was  rapid; 
more  substantial  farm  houses  and  their  necessary 
adjuncts,  barns  and  granaries,  took  the  place  of 
the  hastily  constructed  "claim  slianties"  which 
had  served  their  imrpose.  and  were  no  longer 
needed.  The  iiro.ximity  to  Saint  Anthony  and 
later,  to  Minneapolis,  the  nnly  markets,  made 
locations  in  this  township,  and  l^ichlield  on  the 
south,  eagerly  sought  for.  and  si)eciilatioii  in 
claims  was  rife.  iMliiildiis  sums  being  asked  fur 
the  iimre  desirable. 

lllil.  AM/  AllUN". 

The  lirsl  iiieeiiiii,'  Inr  llie  organizatimi  of  llie 
township  and  tlie  cleciinii  i\\  nilicers  was  held  Ma\ 
nth.  1858.   The  first  ollicers elected  were:  Super- 


MINNEAPOLIS— ORGANIZATION-SCHOOLS. 


343 


visors,  K.  P.  Russell,  chairman,  G.  D.  Richard- 
son, Daniel  Bassett,  Edward  Muiiihy,  1. 1.  Lewis ; 
Clerk,  George  H.  Hamilton  ;  Assessor.  L.  F.  Cook; 
CoUector,  L.  W.  Rlune  ;  Overseer  of  Poor,  Wash- 
uigton  Getchell;    Justices,  George  E.  Huy  and 
Henry  Hill ;    Constables.  C.  C.  Beekman  and  A. 
P.  Hoover;  Overseer  of  Roads,  A.  B.  Kingsbury. 
At  a  special  election  October  2d,  1858,  Daniel 
Bassett,  G.  D.  Richardson,  Cyrus  Aldrich.  and 
M.  S.  Hobhtt  were  elected  to  seats  on  the  Board 
of  County  Commissioners.    Following  is  given  a 
Ust  of  the  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Town  Super- 
visors, in  the  order  in  which  they  served  :    For 
1859,  Cyrus  Aldrich;   1860.  Daniel  Bassett ;  1861. 
Collins  Hamer ;  1862  to  1866,  uiclusive,  S.  H.  :Mat- 
tison  ;   1866  to  1873,  inclusive,  Benjamin  Parker ; 
J874  to  1876.  inclusive.  E.  Groesbeck ;    1877  to 
1880,  inclusive.  R.  P.  Russell.    The  other  officers 
for  1880  were  :  Supervisors,  U.  P.  Wilson  and  C. 
L.  Larpenteur;    Clerk.  A.  D.  Libby  ;  Treasmer, 
J.  T.  Grimes ;   Justices,  A.  S.  Adams  and  E. 
Yost ;  Constaltle,  William  Somers.    The  bounda- 
ries of  the  township,  as  established  by  the  Board 
of  County  Commissioners,  April  10th,  1858,  were 
as  follows  :    '■  Beginning  at  a  point  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  at  the  south  line  of  section  12.  town- 
ship 118  north,  of  range  21  west  of  the  tifth  prin- 
cipal meridian ;  thence  west  to  the  southwest  cor- 
ner of  section  7  ;    thence  south,  to  the  southwest 
corner  of  section  7,  towTiship  117  north,  of  range 
21  west  of  the  fifth  principal  meridian;   thence 
east  to  the  Mississippi  River ;    thence  up  said 
river  to  the  place  of  beginning."    July  8th,  ISoS. 
one  tier  of  sections,  on  the  north,  was  taken  to 
form  part  of  the  town  of  Farmersville.    This 
town,  however,  was    never  organized,  and  the 
boundaries  of  ^Minneapolis  remained  as  originally 
established  until  I860,  when  two  tiers  of  sections 
on  the  nortli  were  made  a  part  of  Crystal  Lake 
township. 

No  more  changes  m  boundaries  occurred  until 
1867,  when  the  two  northern  tiers  of  sections  of 
the  town  of  Richfield,  and  that  portion  lying 
north  of  Minne-ha-ha  creek,  below  Rice  Lake 
(then  called  Eagle  Lake)  were  added  to  Minne- 
apoUs.  The  legislative  bill  providing  for  this 
change  of  boundary,  was  approved  March  7th, 
1867.  An  effort  was  made  in  the  spring  of  1868 
to  restore  this  territory  to  Richfield  ;  liut  at  tlie 
annual  town  meeting  in  Minneapolis,  only  one 


vote  was  cast  in  favor  of  the  measure.  A  bill 
approved  February  6tli,  1867.  in  wliich  was  de- 
fined the  boundaries  of  the  cit;/  of  Minneapolis, 
gave  to  the  territory  embraced  in  the  township 
outside  the  city,  the  name  of  Brighton.  This 
name  did  not  suit  the  people  at  all,  and  the  bill 
above  mentioned  as  annexing  the  portion  of 
Richfield,  restored  tlie  name,  Minneapolis.  The 
following  statistics  from  the  reports  of  the  As- 
sessor of  the  township  for  the  years  given,  serve 
to  show  the  rai)id  increase  in  values  and  in  pop- 
ulation. In  1869,  the  assessed  valuation  of  real 
estate  was  $266,285 ;  in  1875,  :51, 166,376  ;  in  1880, 
82,559,744.  In  addition  to  tliis  valuation,  there 
was  in  1880,  a  valuation  of  8954,582,  for  town 
lots,  outside  of  the  city  limits.  The  number  of 
acres  of  land  in  1880,  was  given  at  24,602.  The 
valuation  of  personal  property  in  1869,  was,  $61,- 
262;  in  1875,8167,828;  in  1880,8262,419.  Num- 
ber of  horses,  over  two  years  old,  in  1869,  319 ; 
in  1875,  531 ;  m  1880,  700.  Xumber  of  cattle 
over  two  years  old,  in  1869,  719;  in  1875,  1,134; 
in  1880,  1,292.  Number  of  sheep,  in  1869,  387  ; 
in  1875,  576  ;  in  1880,  460.  Number  of  hogs,  in 
1869,  154;  in  1875,  211;  in  1880,  549.  Bushels 
of  wheat,  in  1869,  44,399;  in  1875,  23,703;  num- 
ber of  acres  sown  in  1880,  2,763.  Tlie  amount 
of  taxes  for  the  township,  was  in  1869.  88,935 ;  in 
1875,  §21,990;  in  1880.  827.995.  According  to 
the  census  of  1880.  the  township  lias  a  popula- 
tion of  2.757. 

SCIKIULS. 

The  first  school  in  the  township,  was  opened  hi 
the  summer  of  1853,  and  Miss  Jennie  Learning 
taught  a  three  month's  term.  The  buildmg  used, 
was  located  on  section  7.  near  Minne-ha-ha  Falls, 
and  was  erected  by  W.  (i.  Moftett  and  son  and 
the  Blaisdells,  assisted  by  a  few  of  their  neigh- 
bors. The  material  for  the  building  and  the 
ground  on  which  it  sloe  id.  were  provided  by  Phi- 
lander Prescott.  .\lthough  built  by  private  par- 
ties, and  with  their  own  funds,  it  was  made  a 
public  school,  anil  all  who  wished,  could  avail 
themselves  of  its  privileges.  Mr.  Prescott  also 
furnished  a  large  i)art  of  the  money  to  pay  the 
teacher.  Tliis  liuilding  was  used  for  a  number 
of  years,  and  was  twice  moved  for  the  better  ac- 
comodation of  the  scholars.  In  1875,  the  pres- 
ent frame  building,  was  erected  near  the  site  of 
the  old  school-house,  on  the  north-west  quarter 


344 


ins'WIiY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNIY. 


of  section  7.  on  the  west  side  of  Miiine-lia-lia 
Aveuue.  This  is  now  distiitt  Xo.  113.  Anotlipv 
of  tlie  early  siliool-liouses,  was  located  on  what 
is  now  Chicago  Avenue,  just  outside  the  city  lim- 
its. It  wa.s  liuilt  of  brick,  and  used  for  some 
time,  but  on  account  of  a  division  of  llie  dislricls. 
it  wa.s  abandoned  and  subse<iuenll\ .  torn  down. 
Tlie  lownship  now  has  eiglit>ntirc  and  live 
joint  districts,  witli  twelve  school-houses.  Tlie 
••Centennial  School  "Jocated  near  the  Harvester 
Works,  is  a  very  line  building,  of  brick  and  two- 
stories  high.  Districl  nunibcr  ii.  about  one  mile 
north-west  of  the  Centennial,  has  a  one-story 
stone  building.  The  remaining  districts  have 
g<K>d  s\ibslantial  frame  houses,  and  are  all  sup- 
))lied  \\ith  the  necessary  apparatus  used  in  the 
modern  distiict  scliool. 

TOWN   llAl.L. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  township,  the  an- 
nual and  siiecial  town  meetings  have  been  held 
in  sch<M>l-houses:  but  in  ISKO.  the  increase  in  pop- 
ulation, deniaudiug  a  tixed  place,  in  a  central 
loi-ation.  the  town  erected  a  "  Town  Hall."  on 
the  north-east  ciuarter  of  section  4,  the  lot  oc- 
cupied, being  one  of  the  Lyndale  Park.  This 
is  a  very  neat  frame  building,  ami  a  cicilil  to  ^he 
town. 

(  I.AKK    c  ll.M'KI,. 

The  iinl_\  church  ediliic  in  the  lowiisliip.  is  lo- 
cated in  the  southern  part  on  section  7.  It  was 
eiiM'ted  in  IhTH.  as  a  branch  of  I'lymoulh  chuich, 
Minnea|M)lis,  at  a  total  expense  for  building  and 
furnishing,  of  aUiut  ?;1.4(Hl.  means  being  sup- 
)ilied  by  subscrii>tion  among  the  iieo)>lc  of 
the  vicinity.  It  is  in  size,  30.\4h  Icct  ami  is 
nicely  funiisbed.  The  name  was  gi\cii  in  Imnoi- 
of  K.  C.  Clark,  who  established  and  niaiiilaincd 
a  Sabballi-school  in  the  school-house  oi)|>osite  the 
church.  Mr.  Clark  died  in  IK74.  and  the  Sabbath 
m-IkmiI  bus  since  Ih-cii  kept  n|i.  anil  now  has  an 
avenige  attendance  of  about  sixty.  .Mr.  (i.  H. 
.Slie|ianl  of  MinneaiKilis  is  the  superintendent. 
There  is  no  church  organization,  but  services 
were  held  rcgularl>  once  a  month  iliiriiig  the 
time  I'lymoulh  church  was  supplied  with  a 
liBMtor,  anil  sime  then  <K-<-UNionall.\.    The  people 

of  the  neighlKirh I  meet  every  siinila>   evening 

for  Itible  readings. 


HOPKINS  .ST.\TION. 

This  is  a  statiun  on  the  MimieapoLis  and  St. 
Louis  Railway,  and  was  established  in  1871.  It 
takes  its  name  from  II.  II.  Hopkins,  one  of  the 
prominent  farmei-s.  The  post-office,  located  at 
the  deiK)t  is  calleil  lloiikins,  and  was  established 
in  187.3.  H.  II.  Ilopkms  has  been  postmaster 
since.  This  is  the  only  post-nttice  in  the  town- 
ship outside  of  the  city.  The  Minnetonka  branch 
of  the  .M.  \  St.  L.  Railway  leaves  the  main  line 
here,  and  the  Henton  cut-off  of  the  C.  M.  &  St. 
P.  Railway  jiasses  near.  There  are  no  stores  or 
public  buildings. 

South  Minneapolis,  is  a  station  on  the  C.  M.  iV: 
St.  P.  Railway  located  one  mile  south  of  the  city 
limits.  This  is  merely  a  way  station  and  has  no 
post-office. 

SI  MM  Kit   KKSOHTS. 

The  great  beauty  of  the  lakes  of  this  township. 
and  the  facility  with  which  they  may  be  reached 
from  the  city,  make  them  peculiarly  attractive  to 
the  tourist,  and  to  the  business  man,  who  with  his 
family  seeks  recreation  and  freedom  from  the  per- 
jilexilies  of  commercial  or  professional  life,  by 
whiling  away  a  few  hours,  or  days,  at  some  of  the 
charming  spots  to  be  found  within  an  hour's  ride 
of  the  city.  Lake  Calhniiii.  the  largest  of  the 
lakes,  is  eoiiuci'teil  with  tliecitx  by  means  of  the 
Minnea|iolis.  L\iidaleaiid  LakeCalhouii  Hallway, 
which  was  built  in  the  spring  of  1S7SI.  and  during 
the  following  year  extended  to  Lake  Harriet.  On 
the  east  of  Lake  Calhoun  is  L\ndali' Park,  ami 
the  Pavillion.  a  large  i)ublic  building,  erected  by 
Col.  \V.  S.  King,  and  opened  in  ISTT.  The  di- 
mensions of  the  liuililiiig  are  nil  \  Kill  Icet.  and 
two  stories  liiyli  abuM'  liaseiiiciit.  Two  wide  ver- 
andahs extend  entirely  around  the  structure,  and 
furnish  excellent  iironienades.  with  a  line  view 
of  the  lake  ami  the  siiniiiiuding  country.  On  the 
west  siile  ol  this  lake  is  Lakeside  Park  and  hotel. 
The  latter  is  40  x  7U  feet,  and  two  stories  in  height. 
On  an  emincme  in  the  gicnuids  of  Lakeside  Park 
is  located  a  towi'r.  which  rises  to  the  height  of 
sixty  feet,  and  they  ulm  i<iil  to  its  sunimit  are 
amply  repaid  by  a  \  iew  of  the  beautiful  panor- 
ama of  nature  around  and  below  them.  On  the 
west  side  arc  also  |oeate<l  several  iiiiiinal  springs, 
one  of  which  has  been  curbed,  and  its  surioiiud- 
ings  improved,  and  has  become  tinile  iKipular  with 


MINNEAPOLIS-LYNDALE  FARM— CEMETERIES. 


345 


the  public.  A  sulphur  spring  is  located  a  short 
distance  southwest  of  the  lake,  hut  has  not  yet 
been  developed  or  improved.  Tlie  Lake  Callioini 
House  was  built  on  the  north  shore  of  the  lake  in 
1876,  and  was  intended  for  a  summer  hotel.  It 
was  one  of  the  finest  structures  on  the  lake,  hut 
had  never  been  used  to  any  extent  uii  to  the 
time  it  was  destroyed  by  tire,  in  January,  1880. 
The  Lake  View  House  is  located  on  tlie  northeast 
shore  of  the  lake,  and  was  built  in  1875.  A  large 
and  elegant  steamer  was  placed  on  Lake  Callioun 
m  the  summer  of  188U,  and  is  run  during  the  sea- 
son in  comiection  with  the  Motor  railway,  making 
a  tour  of  the  lake.  The  present  terminus  of  the 
railway  is  at  Lake  Harriet,  but  the  intention  is  to 
extend  it  to  Excelsior.  On  the  southwest  shore 
of  Cedar  Lake  is  located  the  Oak  Grove  House' 
erected  hi  1877,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Scott.  The 
building  is  about  seventy-live  feet  square  and  four 
stories  in  height,  surmounted  by  a  cupola,  from 
which  an  extended  view,  including  part  of  tlie 
city  of  Minneapohs.  may  be  obtained.  Tlie  hotels 
and  parks  above  mentioned  are  open  to  tlie  pul)lic 
through  the  summer  season,  and  dining  that  time 
are  well  patronized,  as  may  be  seen  from  tlie  fact 
that,  ui  the  summer  of  1880.  the  Lyndale  Railway 
carried  over  one  hundred  thousand  passengers. 

Oswald's  summer  garden,  situated  on  the  Cedar 
Lake  road  and  west  of  the  city  limits,  was  located 
and  improvements  begvm  hi  187.").  AVitli  its  at- 
tractive drives,  walks,  and  rustic  decorations,  it 
makes  a  pleasant  place  of  resort.  Connected  with 
it  is  a  green-house.  12x32  feet,  contaiiiinir  four 
thousand  plants. 

THE    LYNDA  LK  lAKJr. 

This  model  farm,  which  now  eniliraces  aliout 
one  thousand  two  hundred  acres,  was  opened  by 
Col.  A\'.  S.  King,  who  began  operations  by  pur- 
chasing the  farm  of  John  Potts  Brown.  He  ad- 
ded by  purchase,  one  farm  after  another,  until  in 
1870,  he  had  acquired  a  title  to  one  thousand 
two  hmidred  acres  of  land.  .Vboiit  seven  liun- 
dred  acres  of  this  has  been  Ijroken.  and  some  of  it 
seeded  to  tame  grasses.  The  farm  wastuiginally 
half  timber  and  half  prairie  land.  The  location 
is  excellent,  bordering  on  the  shores  of  Lakes 
Calhoun  and  Harriet,  and  distant  from  the  city 
about  three  miles.  The  farm-house,  built  in 
1870,  is  a  double  house,  having  a  fiontof  ninety- 


six  feet,  and  a  depth  of  forty  feet,  and  is  two- 
stories  high.  It  contains  twentv-six  rooms,  and 
is  well  finished  thmugh-out.  The  great  barn  is 
liiiilt  on  the  most  modern  plan.  Its  main  part  is 
•52x76  feet,  and  thirty-six  feet  from  the  foimda- 
tion  to  the  eaves.  The  roof  adds  twenty  feet  to 
the  height,  and  above  all.  is  tlie  cupola,  the  top 
of  which  is  eighty  feet  from  the  ground.  The 
two  wings  of  the  barn  are  8iixI80  feet,  with  si.\- 
teen  foot  posts,  and  high  roof,  wliich  affords  im- 
mense storing  room,  the  total  capacity  being 
about  two  hundred  aii<l  fifty  tons  of  hay.  The 
stables  furnish  accomyiodations  fur  two  liiiiidred 
horses  and  cattle.  Tlie  farm  was  stocked  with  a 
large  number  of  blooded  cattle,  horses,  sheep 
and  hogs,  among  them,  some  of  the  most  noted 
animals  of  Great  Britain,  which  had  taken  pre- 
miums at  the  national  fairs  held  there:  among 
the  horses  was  the  celebrated  stallion  "  Duke  of 
Saratoga"  a  descendant  of  "Bashaw"  and  de- 
scribed by  horse-men  as  a  very  fine  animal.  Smce 
1S76.  James  Smith,  of  long  exiierience  in  the 
management  of  large  farms,  has  been  in  charge. 

CE.MKTEHlKS. 

The  towiislii)!  has  four  (■cmeleiies:  the  Lake- 
wood,  CemeteiN  of  the  Immaculate  Conception, 
the  Montehore  and  the  .Minneapolis  Cemetery. 
Lakewood  cemetery  is  situated  on  the  south-east 
shore  of  Lake  Calhoun,  and  contains  about  140 
acres  of  land.  The  grounds  were  imrcliased  in 
1871.  by  an  association,  formed  for  the  imrpose, 
and  the  improvements  were  begun  the  following 
year,  and  have  been  continued  until  this  ceme- 
tery ranks  with  the  i -c  licaiilifiil   hdiiics  of  the 

dead  in  the  countrv . 

The  cemetery  of  llic  Iniiiiiiciilalc  < 'iiiicc|)ti(iii. 
is  located  on  the  south  line  of  the  lownsliii).  one 
mile  west  of  Rice  Lake.  It  contains  about 
thirty  acres,  aiul  was  estahlislied  in  isiiT.  Tliis 
is  the  only  cemetery  of  tlie  Catholic  faith  in  the 
township,  and  is  under  the  immediate  supervis- 
ion of  Owen  Finley. 

The  Montefiore  cemetery  located  on  section  10, 
about  two  and  one-half  miles  south  of  the  city 
limits,  contains  two  acres,  and  was  purchased  by 
the  Montefiore  Cemetery  Association,  in  1876. 
The  improvement  of  tlie  giounds  was  coni- 
meni'ed  but  recentls . 

The  Minneapolis  cemetery  is  located  south  of 


346 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


and  near  the  cin  limits.  It  embraces  t\v8nty 
acres  of  liiRli.  dry  land,  and  was  laid  out  in  1860, 
hy  Martin  Layman,  by  whom  it  is  slill  owned. 
The  lii-st  intcniicnt.  was  tliat  of  a  Mrs.  Ward- 
well,  since  which  thei-e  have  been  live  tlionsaiid 
interments  in  this  -silent  city."  This  cemetery 
has  received  extra  attention  and  shows  care  and 
taste  in  the  arranKcment  of  its  ornamentations. 
This  was  the  first  cemetery  eslabhshed  on  the 
west  side  of  the  ri\  er. 

INI)l>ri!ll>  AND   MAM   1  ACl  TUKS. 

The  i>rincii>al  industry  of  the  i)eoi)le  of  this 
town  is  agricnUure.  The  excellent  ([uality  of  the 
soil  making  it  a  favored  locality,  and  the  many 
line  farms,  with  their  conunodious  oulbuildingS) 
are  evidence  of  a  liigh  degree  of  llirifl  and  pros- 
l»Mlt\.  An  impoi-tant  adjunct  of  the  usual  farm 
pnidncts  is  milk,  for  the  jwiiulation  of  the  city 
l<x>ks  to  the  farmer  in  the  vicinity  for  its  daily 
supply  of  that  necessary  article.  There  are  a  num- 
Ikt  of  large  dairies,  enijiloying  a  small  army  of 
men  and  teams  in  the  transportation  and  deliveiy. 

Tlii'<;lobc  .Mill,  on  .Minne-ha-ha  Creek,  in  sec- 
lion  lid.  was  Imill  ill  ISTl.by  \V.  1'.  Day  and  Co 
This  is  the  onl\  iiicicliaiit  mill  in  llie  township- 
It  is  a  frame  structure,  with  four  runs  of  stone 
and  a  capacity  of  lU-j  barrels  iier  day.  When 
(irst  put  in  operation,  water  power  wa.s  u.sed  ;  this 
proving  inadeipiate.  a  steam  engine  was  added, 
which  now  furnishes  the  power.  The  mill  is 
the  proi>eily  of  the  First  National  Hank,  of  Mtn- 
ncaiMilis.  A  side-track  extends  to  it  from  the 
.Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  liailroad.  affording 
facilities  for  receiving  and  shipping. 

On  the  north  siflcof  .Miniic-lia-ha  Creek,  in  the 
south-eastern  pail  nf  tin-  tnwiisliiii.  is  located  a 
grist-mill,  which  was  cn-ilfd  in  Ih.'iT.by  .Vi<l.(iod. 
frey,  iM'ar  the  saw-mill  which  burned  hi  lh(>8. 
This  iiiill  was  operated  by  Mr.  (lodlicy  iiiilil  isTO. 
and  Iheii  sold  to  other  parties. 

There  are  two  brick-yards  in  the  town:  one 
owiieil  and  ojicralel  by  W.  W.  Wo( dward.  aboii 
one  mile  iiorlh  of  Hopkins  Station,  and  one  sit 
iialed  north-west  of  l..ake  Calhoun,  owned  by  (J. 
r.  Kiliai'dl.  The>c  yards  employ  a  large fori-e  of 
men  during  the  sumiuiT  season  ami  iiiannfacture 
a  superior  ipiality  of  brick. 

The  .Minneapolis  Knitting  .Mills.  This  concern 
was  established  on  iiassett's  creek,  in  the  north 


part  of  the  town,  in  1875.  For  one  year  pre\ious 
they  had  been  located  in  the  city.  The  factory  was 
destroyed  by  lire  in  1878,  and  they  immediately 
rebuilt  on  the  present  site.  The  business  con- 
sists of  knitting  stockings  and  half-hose,  in  both 
wool  and  cotton;  large  and  small  si  art's. cardigan 
jackets,  ladies  vests.  Imods.  ami  all  kinds  of  knit 
goods.  This  is  the  only  establisliiiieiit  of  the 
kind  in  the  north-west,  and  their  goods  liiid  a 
ready  market.  The  pio|)rietors  are  Girling  and 
Company,  and  twenty-live  jiei-sons  are  employed. 
W.  II.  Frueii.  machinist,  nuuuifacturer  of  the 
ilinnea polls  w'ater-wheel  governor,  special  tools 
for  machinists,  lathes,  etc.  This  establishment 
is  located  on  Kassett's  creek  at  the  second  cross- 
ing of  Western  .\ venue,  in  the  building  erected 
by  the  Xorlh-Western  Manufacturing  Company 
in  1874.  This  company  coiitiiiiied  business  four 
yeare.  engaged  in  the  iiiaiiiilacline  of  screws, 
their  capacity  being  a  Inindred  gross  per  day. 
Since  then  .Mr.  I'rueii  has  occupied  the  building, 
which  is  :iti\-lo  I'eei.  iind  two  and  one-half  stories 
high.  The  machinery  is  kejil  in  motion  by  a 
thirty-hve  iiirli  tinliine  wheel,  of  sixteen  horse- 
]Miwei'. 

The  .Miiiiieapiilis  IliOAesliT  Works,  soiilh  of 
the  city  limits,  are  loealed  in  llie  township,  but 
as  the  corporation  was  organized  hi  the  city  and 
business  offices  are  located  there,  a  description  of 
the  Works,  will  be  foiiml  in  the  i-liaiiter  on  iiiaii- 
ufaclures. 

r.KXiUACIIU  Al,. 

A.  8.  Aiianis  was  born  .Inly  lUli.  Is4s.  at  Town- 
send.  Middlesex  coiintx .  Massaehuselts.  He  was 
raised  as  a  lainier.  and  lived  in  his  native  town 
until  18(17.  w  lirii  lie  raiiie  111  .MiiincMilM  with  his 
father,  and  localeil  in-  Miiiiieaimlis  lowiishi|i. 
where  he  has  since  resided,  owning  a  lanii  of 
thirty-three  acres.  lie  was  elecieil  jusiice  of 
Ihe  jieace  in  March.  Isso.  Mr.  .\ilaiiis  nianieil 
Carrie  Mofl'etl.  .\|.ril.  Is7l. 

William  ,\(laiiis.  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  horn 
in  ls:'.">.  He  came  to  .\nierica  in  Isiiit.  anil  lo- 
ealed ill  Minneapolis;  lie  lived  on  Wasliinglnii 
avenue  wnith  until  his  present  resideiiee  was 
built  ill  |N7.">.  .Mr.  .\dains  has  been  engaged  in 
the  carpeuler"s  trade  sinee  a  bo\.  His  wife  was 
Miss  Kllen  Walker ;  tlie\  were  married  in  18U4. 
Six  children  have  been  born  to  them. 


MINNEAPOLIS— BIOGRAPHICAL. 


347 


R.  M.  Aitken  was  born  in  1845,  at  Dunham, 
Canada  East.  lie  lived  in  liis  native  town  until 
eighteen  years  of  age.  wlien  he  went  to  ^'ermont 
and  worked  eight  years  in  the  car  shops  at  Saint 
Albans,  then  removed  to  Mississippi  and  worked 
for  a  railroad  company.  In  1S73  lie  went  to 
Wisconsin,  and  in  1877.  came  to  ^Miinieapolis : 
in  November  of  that  year  he  married  Lillian  il. 
Shorey.  Mr.  Aitkin  is  proprietor  of  the  Cedar 
Avenue  Dairy,  which  he  started  in  1877  with 
only  four  cows,  but  has  gradually  increased  the 
nunil)er  to  supply  a  growing  trade,  until  now  he 
has  thirty-ttve. 

A.  B.  Allison,  a  native  of  Delaware  county. 
New  York,  was  born  in  1840.  He  was  engaged 
in  farming  until  1866,  when  he  came  to  Henne- 
pin county,  and  for  four  years  worked  in  the 
woods ;  he  then  started  in  the  dairy  business ; 
was  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Collins  for  a  time, 
but  since  1875  Mr.  Allison  has  conducted  the 
business  alone  at  his  place  on  section  20,  and  has 
twenty-five  cows.  He  was  nianied  May  6th, 
1880,  to  Mrs.  Broderick.  of  Maine. 

W.  Bernstein,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
in  1826.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1848.  and 
for  three  years  worked  in  Baltimore,  as  machinist 
in  the  railroad  shops ;  then  he  removed  to  Wash- 
ington and  worked  seven  years  in  the  navy  yard; 
thence  to  Illinois,  and  was  emiiloyed  in  the  car 
shops  at  Aurora,  until  1869.  when  he  came  to  this 
state.  In  1856  he  married  Catharine  Fanl  who 
has  liorne  him  six  children.  ^Ir.  Bernstein  jiiir- 
cliased  his  ]iresent  farm  in  1860.  and  is  engaged 
in  gardening  and  fruit  raising. 

Robert  Blaisdell  was  born  in  1803.  at  Peachaui, 
Vermont.  He  was  raised  as  a  farmer,  came  to 
Saint  Anthony  in  1852,  and  took,  by  pre- 
emption, the  farm  where  he  now  resides.  Mr. 
Blaisdell  attended  the  meeting  at  whidi  Minnea- 
polis was  made  a  township,  and  helped  to  elect 
the  lirst  Town  Board.  He  has  never  missed  a 
meeting  since  that  time  He  also  assisted  in 
building  the  first  school-house  in  the  township. 
He  married  ^Sliss  Mary  Chandler,  in  Maine.  They 
are  the  parents  of  seven  children. 

Robert  Blaisdell.  Jr..  a  native  of  Aroostook 
county,  Maine,  was  born  May  4th,  1S82.  In  1846 
he  went  to  Wisconsin,  and  engaged  in  the  luml)er 
business  at  the  head  of  Green  Bay.  In  1852  he 
removed  to  this  state,  and  made  a  claim  of  160 


acres,  which  is  a  part  of  his  present  farm.  He 
also  owns,  with  his  father,  360  acres  in  McLeod 
county.  He  too.  attended  the  first  election,  and 
helped  to  l)uild  the  first  schocil-house  in  the  town- 
ship. His  wife  was  Ehnira  Taunt,  whn  has  liorne 
him  six  children. 

William  Blaisdell  was  Ikhii  al  Belfast.  Maine, 
in  1834.  In  1851  he  moved  to  Minnesota,  and 
five  years  later  pre-empted  tlie  farm  he  now  owns. 
From  1863  \mti\  the  fall  of  1864.  he  was  mining 
in  California.  Idaho,  and  Montana  :  then  returned, 
and  for  one  year  was  in  charge  of  a  lumber  inter- 
est in  Michigan.  He  ikiw  owns  20,000  acres  of 
timber  land  in  Wisconsin,  ilr.  Blaisdell  acted  as 
clerk  at  the  tirst  annual  election  held  on  this  side 
of  the  river.  There  were  only  fourteen  votes 
cast,  four  of  them  by  the  Blaisdell  famih'.  In 
1861  he  enlisted  at  the  first  call,  and  served  until 
the  regiment  disbanded.  He  was  married,  in 
1865,  to  Miss  Jennie  Fletcher. 

M.  D.  Brown  was  born  in  1849. at  Elmira,  Xew 
York.  In  1856  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  has 
since  resided  here,  with  the  exception  of  one  year, 
passed  at  school  in  the  East.  Mr.  Brown  is  en- 
gaged in  fannhig  on  section  12.  where  he  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  and  boards  horses  summer 
and  winter. 

J.  R.  Bowman  was  born  April  27th.  1830.  in 
New  Brunswick.  He  learned  the  carpenter's 
trade.  an<l  worked  three  years  in  New  York  city. 
In  1857  he  came  here,  and  for  twenty  years  fol- 
lowed his  tiiule.  He  worked  on  the  Nicollet 
House.  II.  (t.  Harrison "s  residence,  and  others. 
It  was  he  who  cut  tlie  brush  so  a  team  could  jiass 
on  First  avenue  iKiitli.  fiinii  Fdiiith  to  Sixth 
street.  Mr.  Bowman  has  only  lieen  absent  from 
the  town  one  day  since  coming  here  in  1857.  He 
was  married,  in  1869,  to  .Viii.uida  Chrisliuas.  They 
have  three  children. 

William  Byrnes  (deceaserli  was  a  native  of  Ire- 
land. He  emigrated  to  America  in  1849.  and 
lived  in  Homer,  New  York,  until  18-52,  when  he 
came  here,  and  the  following  year  made  a  claim 
of  one  hundred  ami  fifty  acres.  In  1S62  he  enlist- 
ed in  the  Teiitli  Minnesota,  and  served  until  must- 
ered out  in  1865.  Ill'  died  December  1st,  1867. 
At  the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  sheriff  of  Hen- 
nepin county.  Calheriiie.  his  wife,  was  born 
ill  Ireland.  March  1827.  She  came  to  .Vmer- 
ica  in  1848.  stayed  the  first  year  in  New  York 


348 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


city,  atul  then  removed  to  Homer.    In  1850.  she  J 
was  married  to  William  ISyrnes.  and  two  years  | 
later  they  came  to  MimicaiHilis.     She  has  had  iihie   I 
children,  sevenof  whom  are  living  :  Ellen.  .Viina. 
Mary.  Teressa,  'William,  Hugh  and  Lucelia. 

Lewis  Carlson,  a  native  of  Denmark,  was  bom  : 
in  1N4.S.  lie  came  to  .Vnierica  in  l.St«t.  and  set- 
tled in  Winona.  Minnesota,  where  for  three  years 
he  wa.s  engaged  in  the  iiuiiiufailun'  of  barrels, 
then  he  remt)ved  to  Chicago  and  worked  at  the 
trade  there,  three  years.  In  lK7o,  he  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  was  in  the  cooper  bnsiness  until 
1879.  when  he  started  his  dairy;  he  now  has 
twenty-seven  cows.  In  1873.  he  married  Abline 
IIan.son.    They  have  two  children. 

K.  X.  Cripeau  was  born  in  1S2H.  in  Canada. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen,  lie  went  to  lihode  Island, 
remained  only  one  year  and  returned  to  Canada: 
in  1848.  he  moved  to  Illinois,  and  the  following 
spring  came  to  Saint  .Vntliony.  wlierc  he  was  en- 
gaged as  clerk  a  few  years  for  .Mr.  liotlineau.  and 
then  made  a  claim  of  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres,  which  is  a  part  of  his  i)resent  place.  In 
18(i4.  he  eidisted  in  the  First  Minnesota  Heavy 
.Vrtillerv  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war, 
when  he  started  in  the  gardening  business;  he  ' 
raises  vegetables  exclusively,  using  about  twenty 
acres  of  land  for  this  i)urpose.  Mr.  Cripeau  was 
married  in  lN-)4.  to  Hosalie  (;i;uil:  leu  cliildrcii 
have  iK'eu  born  to  lliciu. 

Peter  Curl),  a  native  of  Irelaiiil.  was  born  in 
1825.  He  (iinic  to  America  in  bMM.  and  workeil 
in  the  cotton  fact<iiies  of  IjowcII.  .Massachusetts, 
until  184!i,  when  he  came  to  Saint  Anthony,  and 
heljH'd  build  the  lirst  Catholic  church  here.  He 
pre-empted  the  farm  where  he  still  lives,  one 
mile  from  the  city  limits,  and  built  his  jiresent  res- 
idence in  1850.  He  was  niarri(Ml  in  184!i.  to 
(Catherine  Cain.  They  have  had  two  sons.  oiil\ 
one  is  living:  .lohn  .1. 

C.  T.  Kaiculighl.  born  in  Isll.  at  (iin-niiiali, 
Ohio.  lie  Mvcd  in  llliiinis  livi'  years,  then  a  ' 
short  time  in  Indiana,  and  in  lHfi;<.  removed  to 
Minnesota;  he  has  lived  in  .Minneapolis,  or  near 
there  most  of  the  time  since  lie  has  eighteen 
acres  of  land  on  section  <\.  and  is  engaged  in 
gardening;  is  also  a  wholesale  ilealer  in  cattle,  on 
foot  and  dressed. 

^hirtin  Kkes,  a  native  of  (icrmanv .  was  born 
in  18:44.     He  received  his  edncation  in  the  schools 


of  that  country,  and  was  by  occupation  a  farmer. 
In  1853.  he  came  to  .Vmerica  and  lived  four  years 
in  New  York  city,  being  engaged  as  coachman ; 
while  in  that  city,  he  married  Miss  Catherine 
Gerard.  They  are  the  parents  of  two  children. 
Mr.  Ekes  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1858,  and  has 
since  resided  here :  he  has  a  \egetal)le  garden  of 
fifteen  acres  on  lleiniepin  Avenue,  where  he 
also  raises  all  varieties  of  strawberries:  he  was 
the  first  man  to  sell  vegetables  in  this  market. 

Owen  Finley  was  born  in  New  York  city,  in 
1845.  In  early  life  he  went  w'ith  his  parents  to 
Watertown.  Wisconsin,  and  worked  at  the  carp- 
enter's trade  :  in  1873.  he  removed  to  Jtlmneapolls 
and  continued  working  at  his  trade  until  he  was 
given  charge  of  the  Cemetery  of  the  Immaculate 
Conception,  which  is  now  under  his  immediate 
care.  ^Ir.  Finley  tidisted  ui  1862,  hi  the 
Twenty-eighth  Wisconsin.  Company  G.  and 
served  over  three  years.  He  married  Maria 
Magerty  in  l.s7il.     They  have  five  living  children. 

I).  M.  Foss,  born  in  1S20.  in  Strafford  county. 
Xew  Ilanipsliiie.  At  the  age  of  eighteen,  he 
went  to  Lowell.  ^lassachusetts,  and  learned  car- 
pentering. In  1855,  he  came  here  and  worked  at 
his  trade  until  1879  ;  assisting  in  building  some  of 
the  first  dwellings  in  the  cit\.  the  St.  .Tames 
Hotel,  and  some  of  the  ]iriiii-iiial  (ilaces  of  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Foss  is  now  engaged  in  gardening:  he 
makes  a  spccialtx  of  vegetables  and  small  fruits. 
In  1845.  lie  was  luairried.  at  Lowell,  to  Eliza 
^lurcli.  who  has  borne  him  three  children. 

AV.  H.  Fnien.  a  native  of  Kiiglaiid.  was  born 
July  15lh.  184H.  .\t  the  age  of  seventeen,  he 
commenced  learning  the  machinisfs  trade.  In 
.Tune  lh(i5.  he  came  to  .\nierica  and  worked  at 
his  business  in  Boston,  iinlil  removing  to  Minne- 
ajiolis  in  187(1 :  he  woikiil  in  a  slioji  on  Second 
and  CaUiracl  streets  till  tlie  present  I'aclory  was 
built  in  1874.  Mr.  Fiiieii  has  been  twice  iiiarrie<l, 
his  present  wife,  to  whom  he  was  married  in  1871, 
was  Miss  Ilciirieita  r>iii|iiest.  of  Illinois.  They 
have  three  sons  and  one  daughter. 

Thomas  (iaifuey.  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
in  1821).  \\'heii  two  \ears  old  he  came  with  his 
l)arents  to  .\meiica.  and  lived  on  a  farm  in  .Vr- 
ooslook  i-oiuity.  Maine,  until  eighteen  years  of 
age.  when  he  conimeiicc(l  lumbering  on  the  I'en- 
t)l)scol  river.  In  1851.  he  rcmoveil  to  Saint  An- 
thony, and  for  eight  winters  worked  in  the  pine- 


MINNEAPOLIS— BIOGBAPHICAL. 


349 


ries  ;  in  1857,  he  secured  the  claim  where  he  now 
lives  and  built  his  present  residence  in  1880. 
August  loth,  1862,  he  enlisted  ami  went  to  Fort 
Ridgely  ;  the  following  summer  he  went  with  the 
expedition  against  the  IncUans,  across  the  plains, 
and  in  the  fall  of  1863  went  to  St.  Louis,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  guai-d  duty  durmg  the  winter 
and  in  the  spring  went  into  active  service,  partic- 
ipating in  all  the  liattles  of  his  regiment.  He  was 
honorably  discharged  in  August,  186-5.  In  April, 
18.S7,  he  married  Ellen  Buckley.  They  have  six 
cliildreii. 

('.  C.  Garvey  was  liorn  in  New  Bnmswick, 
March  29th,  1828.  At  the  age  of  four  years  lie 
went  with  his  parents  to  Maine.  When  he  was 
but  eighteen  his  father  died,  and  it  became  his 
duty  to  care  for  and  support  the  family.  In  18.50 
he  came  to  Mimiesota.  made  one  of  the  first 
claims  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  and  received 
the  second  patent  from  A\'ashington.  ilr.  Garvey 
attended  the  first  election  on  this  side  of  the  river 
and  cast  the  first  ballot.  He  was  maiTied,  in  18.59, 
to  Miss  L.  A.  Xason.  Xine  cliildren  liave  lieen 
bom  to  them. 

•  AY.  M.  Girling,  a  native  of  England,  was  born  in 
1830.  He  came  to  America,  and  following  the 
business  of  his  father  and  gi'andfather,  went  to 
mantifactining  knitted  goods.  lie  started  facto- 
ries in  Boston,  and  in  New  Hampshire,  and  Ger- 
mantown,  Pennsylvania.  In  1874  lie  came  here, 
and  is  now  one  of  tlie  proprietors  of  the  Mmnea- 
polis  Knitting  Mills.  Mr.  Girling  has  a  family  of 
eight  children,  five  sons  and  three  daughters. 

E.  A.  Goodspeed  was  liorii  in  1854,  at  "\'assal- 
borough,  Maine.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
April,  1871,  and  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade 
until  1877,  when  he  became  a  member  of  the  finn 
of  Goodspeed  and  Sons,  wholesale  dealers  in  sheep. 
Tliis  busmess  is  exclusively  wholesale,  and  they 
sell  either  on  foot  or  dressed.  The  individual 
members  of  the  firm  are  A.  II.,  .J.  B.,  ami  E.  A. 
Goodspeed.  April  13tli,  1879,  Mr.  Goodspeed 
married  Maiy  Towiisend.    They  have  one  child. 

.lohn  Green,  liorn  in  New  Brunswick,  in  1820. 
He  lived  tliere  until  twenty  years  of  age.  engaged 
in  farming  :  then  went  to  Maine,  and  for  eleven 
years  was  in  the  lumber  business.  In  the  fall  of 
1853  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  in  1855.  took 
by  pre-emption  the  farm  he  still  owns,  and  built 
his  present  residence  in  1875.    Mr.  Green  was 


married,  in  1850.  at  Old  Town,  Maine,  to  Mary 

Hutdiins.  who  was  born  in  1830,  at  Knox,  Waldo 
county.  Maine.  They  have  tlnee  children  ;  .Tames, 
Rlioda.  and  Liiella. 

M.  J.  Ilallaron.  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  honi 
September  9th,  1832.  He  emigrated  to  America 
in  1851,  located  in  Cortland  county.  New  York, 
and  engaged  in  farming.  In  1857  he  came  to  St. 
Anthony,  and  that  winter  worked  in  the  woods, 
and  in  1855  made  a  claim  one  mile  west  of  Cedar 
Lake.  The  summer  of  1H5H  he  worked  on  Lake 
Pepin,  and  that  winter  lie  was  witli  Mr.  Xasli,  in 
the  hardware  busuiess.  The  follo'wing  summer 
he  was  emjiloyed  b\-  Tufts,  Beynolds  and  Co. 
Mr.  Ilallaron  was  married.  December  20th.  1858. 
to  Catharine  Wallace.  They  removed  to  the  farm . 
and  remained  until  Xovember,  1862,  when  they 
came  to  ilinneapolis.  and  he  engaged  in  the  dray 
and  express  business  for  fourteen  years.  In  1878 
he  moved  to  his  farm,  and  erected  all  the  buildings. 
They  have  six  children :  John,  Mary.  Nellie, 
.lames.  Katie,  and  Agnes. 

Christopher  Ilanke,  a  native  of  Ciermany,  was 
born  in  1826.  He  emigiated  to  America  in  1854; 
and  lived  in  Ohio  until  1857,  when  he  came  here, 
for  two  years  lie  rented  a  farm,  and  in  1864  pur- 
chased 205  acres  on  section  5,  6  and  7,  and  has 
since  resided  there.  He  was  mairied  in  (Ger- 
many, November  9tli,  1851,  to  Miss  Stammen. 
They  are  the  parents  of  five  cliildren.  Mr. 
Hanke  makes  a  specialty  of  raising  full  blood 
Jersey  cattle,  Chester  W'hite  and  Poland 
China  swine.  He  has  one  of  the  finest  famis  in 
Ilennephi  county;  liis  barn,  built  in  1.S76,  is  88x36 
feet,  and  four  stories  high:  it  is  considered  the 
second  best  in  the  county;  he  also  has  a  granary 
73x24  feet,  three  stories  higli:  the  whole  place  is 
a  model  of  neatness.  Mrs.  Hanke  annnally  man- 
ufactures 2.000  pounds  of  fine  butter  for  private 
customers. 

J.  W.  Hayes  was  born  hi  18.53,  at  M'ateitown. 
Jefferson  comity, Wisconsui.  In  1866  lie  moved  to 
Steams  county,  Mimiesota,  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing; lie  came  to  Minneaixilis  iii  May,  1875,  and 
worked  for  (i.  McPeters  until  he  bought  him  out 
in  1877,  since  wliich  time  he  has  conducted  the 
Lyndale  Dair\  in  partnership  witli  Mr.  Matlii- 
son;  they  own  fifty-three  cows,  and  are  doing  a 
successful  business.  Mr.  Hayes  was  marrieil  in 
May,  1879,  to  Miss  Glenen  of  Wisconsin. 


350 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


J.  ¥.  Held,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born  in 
1844.  lie  moved  to  Indiana  in  l.stil;  enlisted 
August,  ISti:;.  in  llie  Fitlh  Indiana  Cavalry,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  tlie  war.  He  eame  to 
Minneajiolis  in  18(1.")  and  worked  three  years  in  a 
saw  mill;  afterwards  was  engaged  as  a  laboi'er 
until  1871,  when  he  bought  14-5  acres  of  land  on 
section  30.  and  the  spring  following  started  an 
exten.sive  g-arden:  he  makes  a  si)ecialty  of  line 
celery,  also  raises  a  huge  variety  of  vegetables, 
and  Las  a  vineyard  of  one-half  acre.  His  wife 
was  Austine  Crousey,  whom  he  married  in  1878. 
They  have  one  child:  Margrelta. 

C.  Jen.son  was  boin  in  Denmark,  in  1H47.  He 
emigrated  to  .Vmerica.  and  in  lMi7  went  to  Fond 
du  Lac,  Wisconsin.  In  the  fall  of  1868  he  re- 
uioved  to  MinneaiHtlis.  and  was  engaged  as  laborer 
until  1872,  when  he  embarked  in  the  dairy  busi- 
ness. The  lirm  of  Smith  and  .lenson  stiuted  with 
forty  cows,  but  at  the  ex])iration  of  four  months 
they  solil  out.  and  in  the  fall  of  1S7H.  connnenced 
with  only  twenty  cows,  which  they  sold  again  in 
the  spring.  The  following  autumn,  the  lirui  of 
Jenson  IJrothei-s  located  on  the  east  side,  engaged 
in  the  dairy  business  with  twenty-four  cows,  and 
in  1875,  bought  their  place  of  liliiMn  acres,  on 
section  2!).  In  the  .spring  of  1878  this  iiartncrsliip 
wa.s  disolved,  and  ("..lenson  is  now  sole  )iro)iric- 
tor  of  the  ■•  Western  Avenue  Dairy." 

Hans  Johanson,  a  native  of  Denmark,  was 
Itoni  in  1844.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1872. 
anil  in  187i>  connnenced  the  dairy  business.  He 
now  has  lifteen  co^^■s.  ,Mr.  Jolianson  was  married, 
in  1875,  to  Jliss  Anna  Madsen.  They  are  the 
pareids  of  one  child. 

Mailin  Layman  was  ImiM  ijj  (ireciic  county, 
New  York,  January  18tli,  1811.  For  a  time  he 
resided  in  Tompkins  comity,  and  then  removed  to 
Illinois,  where  he  worked  at  farming  until  18.).S, 
when  he  came  to  Minnea))olis,  and  bought  the 
place  where  he  has  since  lived.  He  bought  the 
original  claim  of  Hanscom,  and  jiaid  him  Sl.onu 
for  it.  He  built  his  present  conun<idions  residence 
in  187<).  ,Mr.  Layman  married,  in  18.'12,  Aliss  Kliz- 
alH'th  IJrown,  who  has  borne  him  thirteen  children. 
All  are  living  but  one  son  and  one  daughter. 

A.  I).  Libby,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born 
in  Waldo  coimty.  in  l8:t;5.  After  linisliing  his 
education  he  wa.s  engage<l  in  a  store  for  a  time, 
and  in  1857  moved  to  Minnesota.   He  first  located 


a  faini  in  \\' light  count),  but  soon  moved  here, 
and  hel|)eil  break  the  land  where  South  Mimiea- 
polis  now  stands.  For  eight  consecutive  years  he 
taught  ill  the  schools  of  Hennepin  county,  and 
was  one  of  the  volunteers  at  the  time  of  the  out- 
break in  18(i2.  Jlr.  Libliy  is  now  Clerk  of  Min- 
neapolis township.  He  was  married  in  1866,  to 
^liss  Hannah  GaiTey.  They  have  five  children  : 
Byron,  Louis,  ^'iola,  Stella,  and  an  infant. 

P.  S.  Miller,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born  in 
1854.  In  the  autumn  of  1879,  he  married  Miss 
RozetiM  .1(11  (Ian.  of  Minneapolis.  He  came  here 
in  1872.  and  worked  for  dairymen  until  1877.  when 
the  firm  of  Miller  Hrotliers  started  with  twenty 
cows.  They  own  two  acres  of  land  on  section  17, 
and  now  have  sixty  fine  cows.  They  run  one 
wagon  twice  a  day  in  summer,  and  are  doing  a 
pro.sperous  business. 

i  U.  Oswald,  born  in  Switzerland,  in  I82ii.  He 
was  a  civil  engineer,  and  worked  ten  years  on  the 
fii-sl  railroad  in  his  native  country.  He  emigiated 
to  America,  and  in  l.s7.')  was  married  to  Frances 
Itunser,  of  Wisconsin.  He  came  to  Minneapolis 
in  18(17.  and  worked  at  farming  the  first  year; 
after  that  as  landscape  gardener:  in  the  sin'ing 
of  1875  started  his  park,  on  the  Cedar  Lake  road. 
It  is  furnished  with  a  good  green-house,  and  its 
fine  drives,  walks,  etc..  make  it  a  favorite  resort. 
Mr.  Oswald  also  fuiuishes  his  guests  with  ice 
cream,  lemonade,  and  all  kinds  of  refreshments. 

R.  L.  Pratt  was  born  at  I>incoln,  Maine,  Sep- 
tember 16th.  18:^(1.  lie  lived  on  a  farm  until 
nineteen  years  of  age,  then  worked  at  the  lumber 

'  business;  he  came  to  Saiiil  .\iilli(iiiy  in  .(uiie, 
18.50,  and  continued  lumbering  until  ISoSt,  when 
he  removed  to  ('alil'oniia.  liut  returned  in  18(15 
and  lionght  the  ]il;icc  he  now  owns  on  section  17. 
He  married  Lydia,  daiigliter  of  Uev.  A.  Tinner, 
of  Levant.  Maine.  They  have  three  children. 
JSIr.  Pratt  bought  the  oiil\  diiii\  in  .Minneapolis 
in  1865;  it  consisted  of  lil'lccii  cows,  which  at 
that  time  furnished  tlic  iil\  witliiiiilk.  lie  now 
owns  forty  milch  cows. 

Stephen  Pratt,  a  native  of  Penobscot  county, 
Maine,  was  born  in  1828.  In  October,  1849,  he 
(•anie  to  Saint  .\ntliony:  there  were  but  three  or 
four  houses  here  at  that  lime.  He  worked  as 
laborer  and  in  tlic  hiiiiber  business  until  1858, 
when  he  look  a  claim  in  Wright  county,  which 
he   sold   four   years   lat(i.     lie    enlisted   in    the 


MINNEAPOLIS—BIOGRAPHICAL, 


351 


First  Minnesota  Cavalry  in  1862,  and  served 
until  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  in  Novem- 
l>er,  1863.  Tlie  following  winter,  Mr.  Pratt 
worked  in  the  woods  and  in  the  spring  bought 
his  present  farm  of  KiO  acres;  he  started  the 
dairy  and  butcher  business  \\\{\i  a  partner,  but 
they  separated  in  1865,  and  Mi-.  Pratt  retained 
the  farm;  he  raised  the  flrst  --early  rose"  potatoes 
in  this  comity,  paying  thirty-three  dollars  per 
busliel  for  the  seed.  The  second  year  he  raised 
1,500  bushels  which  he  sold  at  four  dollars  per 
bushel.  In  .June,  1872,  he  was  married  to  Mrs. 
.Jennie  Curtis.     They  are  the  parents  of  one  child. 

J.  ^I.  Patten,  born  in  l-'enobscot  county,  Maine, 
in  1840.  lie  went  to  Cambridge,  Massacliusetts, 
in  1858,  and  worked  at  teaming.  In  1860  he 
married  Annette  Danforth,  and  in  1862  enlisted 
in  the  Forty-fourth  Massachusetts  and  served 
until  mustered  out.  In  the  spring  of  186 J  he 
went  to  California  for  the  benetit  of  his  health, 
and  returned  to  Nebraska  by  an  overland  route, 
walking  about  iiine  hundred  miles  of  the  way. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  workmen  on  the  U.  P. 
Railroad  in  1866-7,  then  returned  to  Mauie  for  a 
short  time,  thence  to  ^Milton,  Massachusetts.  He 
bought  a  farm  in  Randolph,  but  only  lived  there 
four  years,  when  he  removed  to  Minnesota  for 
the  healtli  of  an  only  son.  who  died  February  22d, 
1877.  Mr.  Patten  is  proprietor  of  the  "  City 
Dairy,"  and  owns  fifty  cows. 

Thomas  AV.  Peirce,  a  native  of  Lancaster 
county,  Pennsylvania,  was  born  August  23d, 
1823.  He  was  one  of  six  sons  all  of  whom 
learned  the  carpenter's  trade ;  he  commenced 
working  when  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  continued 
the  trade  for  about  fifteen  years;  moved  to 
Ohio  in  1846;  he  went  to  Indiana  for  a  short 
time,  but  returned  to  Ohio  and  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  a  jSIr.  Ilillmau,  in  contracting  and 
building.  In  the  fall  of  1852  ]SIr.  Peirce  removed 
to  Saint  Anthony;  he  built  a  house  for  Jlr.  Rich- 
ards, and  in  Octol)er,  1852,  he  piu'chased  a  claim 
of  40  acres  from  Mr.  Lowell,  paid  thirty-three 
dollars  for  it.  and  made  a  settlement  with  the 
government.  The  following  spring  he  cleared  a 
small  piece  of  land  and  planted  one-half  acre  to 
potatoes;  this  was  the  beginning  of  his  farm. 
In  the  summer  of  1853  he  built  a  residence  for 
Mr.  Hanson.  !Mr.  Peirce  was  appointed  a  bidder 
for  the  first  land  sale  in  the  county;  the  sale 


never  occurred  however.  In  1855-6  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Territorial  legislature,  and  was 
president  of  the  Protective  Association,  formed 
by  settlers  to  defend  claims  from  land  jumpers. 
It  was  he  who  sharpened  and  drove  the  first 
stake,  for  the  survey  of  Minneapolis,  at  the 
junction  of  Nicollet  and  Ilenneiiin  avenues; 
Charles  Christmas  was  surveyor,  ;Mr.  Peirce  is 
one  of  the  oldest  living  settlers  of  Hennepin 
county,  and  relates  many  thrilling  incidents  of 
pioneer  life.  He  was  married  in  1849  to  Miss 
Margaretta  Moss.  They  have  two  children:  Fred- 
erick W.  and  Laura  Jemiie. 

Fred.  Peterson  was  born  in  1850,  in  Denmark. 
He  came  here  in  1872,  and  was  employed  by  dif- 
ferent dairymen  for  five  years.  \\m\  9th,  1879, 
he  married  Laura  Oleson.  They  have  one  child. 
The  firm  of  Peterson  Brothers,  established  a 
dairy  in  1877,  with  forty-five  cows,  afterward  in- 
creased their  stock  to  sixty-five;  the  partnership 
was  discontinued  in  April  1880,  and  Mr.  Fred. 
Peterson  is  now  pro]>riet<ir  of  the  Accommoda- 
tion dairy. 

Christian  Peterson  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
1877,  anil  worked  for  dairymen  until  the  fall  of 
1879,  when  he  established  himself  in  the  busmess  ; 
he  now  has  twenty  cows. 

Michael  Rev  was  born  in  Alsace,  in  1.S26.  He 
came  to  America  in  1849,  and  was  employed  in  a 
wholesale  store  at  Saint  Louis,  mitil  1859,  when 
he  removed  to  Bunker  Hill,  Illinois,  and  engag- 
ed in  farming.  In  September  1869,  he  came  here 
and  bought  the  place  he  now  owns.  He  married 
at  Saint  Loms,  in  1852.  Seven  children  have 
been  born  to  them.  Mr.  Rey  has  a  fine  garden, 
with  eighty  square  feet  of  hot  beds ;  lie  raises 
strawberries,  raspberries  and  all  kinds  of  vegeta- 
bles. 

('.  B.  Sanborn,  a  native  of  Carroll  comity.  New 
Hampshire,  was  born  in  1827.  He  learned  the 
tailor's  trade  and  was  in  the  clotiiing  business  at 
Great  Falls,  New  Ilampsliire,  for  two  years,  after 
that  he  went  to  Meredith  and  carried  a  general 
stock  of  merchandise  until  1857.  when  he  came 
here,  and  for  a  time  engaged  in  the  grocery  busi- 
ness. He  was  married  tf)  ]\Iiss  Sarah  Ilulibard. 
They  had  one  daughter  who  died  May  3d,  1880, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one.  Mr.  Sanborn  has 
thirty-three  acres  on  section  34,  and  raises  all 
kinds  of  evergreens  adapted  to  this  climate. 


ass 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


X.  Shepherd  was  bom  at  Bedford,  ^'ermont,  in 
1823.  At  tlie  age  of  twenty-one.  he  went  to  Lo- 
well. Massachusett.s.  and  remained  four  years; 
he  passed  two  years  in  Xewbury,  ^'ermoIlt,  then 
removed  to  Hipon.  Wisconsin,  and  carried  on  a 
building  business  for  four  years,  empldving  atxiut 
twenty  men.  He  married  Lydia  Newcomb.  who 
lK)re  him  one  son  and  tliree  daughters.  Mr. 
Shepherd  came  here  in  fall  of  1877.  and  the 
following  s|iring  started  the  •'  North  Star  Fruit 
and  A"eget;ible  (iarden  :"  lie  makes  a  specialty  of 
the  Wilson  and  Albany  strawberries,  the  Phila- 
deliihia  and  Turner  raspl)erries  and  the  Hrittania 
blackberries  :  he  also  raises  a  great  variety  of 
vegetables,  and  keeps  the  different  kinds  of  ever- 
greens that  are  adai)ted  to  this  climate. 

I^.  Small  was  born  in  l!S44.  at  Pembrook, 
Maine.  When  but  sixteen  yeai-s  of  age,  he  went 
to  sea.  and  at  twent\-three  became  captain  of 
the  «l)ii)  A'ulcan  :  after  si.\  years,  he  left  the 
water,  and  lived  in  Boston  six  year's,  then  for  two 
yeai-s  he  engaged  in  the  lishing  business,  lu 
1862.  he  married  Miss  Kobina  Ostrom.  Mr. 
Small  emliarked  in  the  dairy  business  in  March, 
lH7it.  and  now  owns  forty  cows.  The  firm  of 
Small  and  Darling,  stock  dealers,  was  established 
in  .\ugust  ISSCI.  located  at  Sixth  aveinie  south  and 
Tliirl\ -fourth  street.  They  have  a  desirable 
farm  of  forty  acres,  and  do  a  general  stock  liusi- 
ness. 

('.  A.  Smith,  a  native  ol  \\  ilniingtcm.  \"er- 
niont,  was  born  in  lH2ii.  He  lived  there  until 
thirty-three  yeai>i  of  age;  then  went  to  Waltham, 
MiLssachusetts,  and  for  seven  years  was  engaged 
in  a  bakery.  He  came  to  .Minnesota,  anri  woiked 
at  the  carpenter's  trade,  three  yeaisin  Noithlield, 
aM<l  llie  sjune  length  of  tunc  in  Minneapolis. 
He  was  married  ill  ].s.')().  to  Klizabetli  .\.  .lefts, 
who  has  borne  him  live  children.  In  1K7.>,  Mr. 
Smith  started  his  garden  of  ten  aeres  on  section 
2.  and  is  doing  a  thriving  business;  he  has  ex- 
tensive hot  beds,  and  the  green  house  is  a  builil- 
ing  7')X24  feet. 

James  Smith  was  born  in  Scotland,  in  IKii. 
For  a  lime  he  held  the  |>osition  of  overseer  of  the 
(Vilziuin  estate  in  Sterlingshirc,  for  the  late  Sir 
An'hibald  Kdniondstone.  In  1H7I,  he  came  to 
America,  and  for  live  years  had  charge  of  a  stock 
fann  on  I/img  Island,  then  of  IheTliorndall  farm 
In  Dutchess  count\.  New  Vork.  two  years,  and  in 


the  spring  of  1876,  took  possession  of  the  Lyn- 
dale  farm,  where  he  now  resides:  this  place  has 
the  finest  barn  in  Minnesota.  Mr.  Smith  raises 
the  celebrated  Jersey  cattle,  Berkshire  swine, 
Norman  horses  and  Cotswold  and  Lincoln  shee]>, 
all  from  imported  st<ick  :  at  the  late  fair,  he  re- 
ceived seven  first-class  premiums  amounting  to 
over  SoOO.  Mr.  Smith's  wife  was  Margaret  Mc- 
Vicar,  of  Scotland,  they  were  married  in  1860 
Five  children  have  been  born  to  them. 

Nils  Smith,  a  native  of  Denmark,  was  born 
August  ITtli.  1S47.  He  came  to  America  in  1864; 
located  at  .Minneajxilis.  and  for  three  years 
worked  on  a  farm;  he  then  engaged  in  the  dairy 
business  for  himself ;  in  1875,  having  thirty-five 
cows,  he  sold  a  half  interest  and  in  1877,  sold 
the  remainder.  In  the  spring  of  1880,  he  started 
again  with  thirty-two  cows  and  now  has  thirty- 
eight.  He  owns  ten  acres  of  land  on  section  1. 
and  forty  acres  on  section  20.  In  Octolier,  187o, 
he  married  Hanne  Hansen,  wlio  has  bonie  him 
two  children  :  Soren  iiud  Hanne. 

Captain  John  Tapper,  a  native  of  Englanil.  was 
born  in  Dorsetshire,  on  the  2oth  of  March,  1S20. 
He  emigrated  to  America  in  1H40.  and  spent  the 
first  summer  in  St.  Louis.  In  the  fall  he  went  to 
Fort  .Vtkinson.  Iowa,  remained  one  and  one-half 
years,  tlieii  went  to  Fort  Crawford,  Wisconsin, 
anil  livcii  \uilil  the  aulnnni  nl'  1^44.  wln-n  lie  re- 
moved to  FiPit  Snelling.  At  tlie  beginning  of  the 
.Mexican  war  he  went  to  Mexico,  with  Dr.  (ieorge 
Turner,  of  the  I'nited  States  Army,  and  re- 
mained with  him  until  the  close  of  the  war,  when 
they  returned  together  to  Fori  Snelling,  and  Mr. 
Tajiper  engaged  with  Krankliii  Steele.  He  was 
at  the  l''ort  soiiietliiiig  over  a  year;  then  came  to 
St.  Antliony.  and  managed  Steele's  boarding-house 
one  season  ;  tlien  took  charge  of  the  ferry,  and 
afterward  of  the  first  suspension  bridge.  In  1862 
he  leiiioveil  to  Iowa,  and  engaged  in  t'arniing.  He 
retiinied  in  tlie  winter  of  1880  81.  and  located  on 
a  farm  belonging  to  the  Steele  estate,  near  Minne- 
haha Falls.  On  the  sili  of  .\iignst,  1803,  he  mar- 
ried Matilila  Stinson.  of  .\linneai>olis.  This  was 
the  lii'st  marriage  which  occurred  on  the  west  side. 
Five  children  have  been  born  to  tliem  :  Hosie  E., 
Frank  II..  Willie  1)..  Mary  .\l..  and  Jesse  B.  The 
first  four  were  born  on  .Nicollet  Island,  the  la.st 
one  in  Iowa. 

L.  TilleiiN  was  lioni   in    I'iMiioiilli.  Kiigliunl.  in 


SAINT  ANTHONY— GENERAL  DESCBIPTION. 


353 


1831.  When  a  babe  he  came  with  liis  parents  to 
America,  and  lived  in  Vermont  until  Marcli,  1854, 
wlien  lie  went  to  Califoriiia,  where  lie  was  en- 
gaged in  mhiing  and  the  dairy  business  until  1860. 
He  then  removed  to  Wisconsin,  and  in  the  fall  of 
1863  came  to  ISIimieapolis.  and  pnn-liased  the  farm 
he  still  owns,  on  sections  6  and  7.  He  is  a  breeder 
of  the  celebrated  Norman  and  Clyde  horses,  from 
imported  stock.  Mr.  Tilleny  was  married,  in 
1858,  to  Lydia  Stanton. 

Hiram  Van  Nest  was  born  in  1831,  near  San- 
dusky, Ohio.    In  early  life  he  moved  to  Illinois 


with  his  parents,  and  when  twenty  years  of  age 
came  to  Minneapolis.  He  attended  the  first  elec- 
tion held  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  and,  No- 
vember liTtli,  1854,  he  had  placed  on  record  the 
first  warranty  deed  in  Hennepin  county.  It  was 
Jlr.  ^'an  Nest  who  cleared  the  riiad  from  the  point 
whei'e  it  leaves  Lake  Calhoun  to  iliune-ha-haCreek 
near  the  Goodrich  farm.  In  1861  he  married 
Rachel  Blaisdell.  They  have  two  children  living. 
His  farm  of  120  acres  is  on  section  10.  He 
raises  short-horn  cattle,  Lincoln  and  Southdown 
sheep,  and  Berkshu'e  swhie,  from  imported  stock. 


SAINT  ANTHONY. 


CHAPTER  LV. 

GENERAL  DESCRIPTION— EARLY  SETTLEMENT — 

SCHOOLS ORGANIZATION STATISTICAL 

CEMETERIES—  MANUFACTURES  —  NURSERY- 
BIOGRAPHICAL. 

The  township  of  St.  xVnthony.  furmerly  em- 
braced a  much  larger  portimi  of  territory  than 
at  present,  and  with  somewhat  indefinite  boun- 
daries. Until  the  year  of  1848,  it  was  included 
in  the  Territorial  limits  of  Wisconsin,  from 
which  it  was  separated  by  the  boundary  lines 
established  with  the  admission  of  Wisconsin  as 
a  State.  The  whole  territory  then  known  as  St. 
Croix  county,  was,  by  the  newly  established 
bounds,  practically  without  a  local  government 
until  the  territorial  organization  of  JSluinesota,  in 
1849,  when  the  county  of  St.  Croix  was  divided 
into  Washington  and  Ramsey  counties.  St.  An- 
thony remained  a  part  of  Ramsey  county  until 
1856,  when  by  a  special  act  of  the  Territorial 
legislature,  the  boundaries  of  Hennepin  county 
were  extended  across  the  Mississippi  river.  The 
original  bill  included  a  strip  about  two  miles 
wide,  east  of  the  present  limits,  which  was  mod- 
ified by  a  joint  resolution,  fixing  the  eastern 
boundary  one  mile  east  of  its  present  location, 
and  running  south  to  the  line  between  townships 
23 


28  and  29,  thence  due  west  to  the  river.  This 
arrangement  was  never  wholly  satisfactory,  and 
during  the  session  of  1861,  a  legislative  act  ap- 
proved JNIarch  9th,  fixed  the  boundaries  of  the 
township  as  follows:  "Commencing  on  tlie 
north  line  of  township  29,  range  24,  on  the 
Mississippi  river,  thence  due  east  to  a  point  be- 
tween sections  5  and  6,  township  29,  range  23, 
thence  due  south  on  the  section  line  to  the  Mis- 
sissippi river,  thence  up  said  river  to  the  place  of 
beginning."'  From  the  territory  included  in  this 
description  a  portion  embracing  several  sections 
was,  March  3d,  1855,  carved  out  for  the  corpo- 
rate limits  of  the  city  of  St.  Anthony,  leaving 
the  town  an  ell-shaped  tract  of  about  ten  sec- 
tions lying  principally  north  and  east  of  the  city. 
North  of  the  city  limits  and  along  the  river  is 
wild  meadow  lanil,  merging  into  a  narrow  belt  of 
prairie  which  is  skirted  by  light  timber,  per- 
haps better  known  as  brush-land.  The  latter  is 
hilly,  particularly  in  tlie  north-west.  The  soil  in 
the  timbered  portion  is  black  loam,  with  clay 
sub-soil,  while  the  prairie  is  light  sandy  loam. 
There  are  no  large  bodies  of  water  in  this  town- 
ship. Sandy  Lake,  in  the  north-west  is  a  small 
marshy  lake.  Bridal-Veil  Falls,  on  the  bank  of 
the  Mississippi  just  below  the  city,  are  very  beau- 
tiful. A  small  creek  which  rises  in  Ramsey 
comity,  here  leaps  into  the  river  over  a  precipice, 


354 


BISJOET  OF  EENKEPIN  COUNTY. 


with  a  sheer  descent  of  about  sixty  feet.  The 
name  originated  from  Uie  supposed  resemblance 
to  llie  veil  of  a  bride. 

EAKLY   SETTLEStEXT. 

In  the  fall  of  1850,  N.  O.  Phillips  and  L.  C. 
Timpson  made  claims  on  the  north-west  (piarter 
of  section  6.  and  moved  to  them  the  following 
spring.     A  lillle  latter.  Lewis  Stone,  and  his  sons 
Jacob  and  Leonard,  located  on  sections  6  and  7, 
and  were  followed  by  Mr.  Finch,  who  took  a 
claim  on  the  south-east  quarter  of  section  6.    Pre- 
vious to  these  actual    settlers,  several    ])arties 
living  in  St.  Anthony  made  claims  in  the  north- 
west part  of  the  town.    "William  Dugas,  lived  on 
his  a  number  of  years  and  ran  a  ferry  across  the 
Mississipjii.    lie  now  resides  in  the  town  of  Day- 
ton.   Washington  Getchell  had  a  claim  on  the 
south-west  (piarter  of  section  3,  which  he  sold  to 
Edward  Patch.    Mr.  Phillips  still  lives  on  his 
claim.    He  was  ap]«)inle(l  town  clerk.  October 
20th.  1«62.  and  has  held  the  office  wilhonl  inter- 
ruption until  the  present  time.    Mr.  Timpson 
Uved  on  his  claim  until  18(52.  when  he  entered 
the  army.    He  was  a  prisoner  at  Ander.sonville. 
and  died  of  ill-treatment  received  there.      He 
was  exchanged,  but  his  death  occurred  before  he 
coidd  reach  the  union  lines.    His  wi<lo\v  died  in 
MinneaiK.lis,  in  August,   18V8.    Mr.  Stone  Sr.. 
resided  on  his  claim  about  fifteen  yeare,  then 
went  ni.  to  the  Platte  river  where  he  erected  a 
flouring  mill.     He  subse(|ueiitly  went  to  Pike's 
Peak  and  there  died.     His  son  Jacob  also  moved 
with  liis  family  to  Pike's  Peak  and  die.l  lliere. 
Tlie   son    Leonard    is   now   in   California.      Mr. 
l-'inch  lived  on  his  claim  a  few  years,  then  moved 
tx)  the  city,  where  he  died  some  years  ago.    <  has. 
Est<'S  settled  on  section  2,  in  1853,  and  Klijali 
(irindall  loiated  on  section  1.  the  following  year. 
Estes  still  resides  in  the  townshi]!  an<l  (irindall 
died  in  1872.     His  son  Olin  conducts  the  farm. 
M.  V.  Kletzin  settled  on  section  12,  in  1856,  and 
Htill  resides  here.     Louis  Kanijin   came  in  1857, 
and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  mannfacture 
of  poltery.    The  early  history  of  this  town   is 
closely  allied  l<i  that  of  the  city  of  St.  Antliony, 
anil  in  the  cliapter  on  the  city  will  be  found  the 
incidents  connecU-d  with  its  history. 
SCHOOLS. 
The  first  school-house  erected  in  the  township, 


outside  the  city,  was  located  on  the  north-west 
quarter  of  section  2.  and  was  built  in  ISoS.  It 
was  a  frame  structure,  about  24  x  3(i  feet,  and  one 
story  high.  The  district  then  includeil  all  of  the 
township  west  of  the  Sandy  Lake  road,  and  is 
now  known  as  district  number  one.  The  house 
was  subsequently  moved  to  its  present  location  on 
the  river  road,  in  the  north-west  quarter  of  sectiim 
111.  The  second  school-house  was  built  in  1850, 
on  thesouth-east  quarter  of  section  7,  in  district 
number  two.  The  house  was  a  frame,  20x30 
feet,  and  located  on  section  6.  In  1861.  this  dis- 
trict was  divided,  giving  the  township  three  dis- 
tricts, the  present  number.  The  buildings  belong- 
ing to  districts  'two  and  three  are  good  frame 
structures,  and  furnished  with  patent  seats  and 
desks.  In  district  number  one  the  old  hou.se  is 
still  in  use. 

OHGANIZATION. 

Tlie  township  of  Saint  Anthony  was  organized 
Mav  nth,  1858,  and  at  the  meeting  held  for  that 
innpose.  David  Ileaton  was  chosen  chairman,  D. 
A.  Secondje  moderator,  and  Thomas  T.  Newell 
clerk.    The  election  for  town  officers  was  held  the 
same  day,  and  after  the  polls  were  closed.  Mr. 
Secombe  resigned  as  moderator,  and  D.  S.  1?. 
Johnston  was  chosen  in  his  place.     The  votes 
were  then  canvassed,  with  the  following  result : 
Supervisors,  J.  B.  Gilbert,  chairman,  J.  C.  Tufts, 
and  Kichard  Fewer;  Clerk.  D.  M.  Demmon  ;  As- 
sessor. J.  A.  Lennon;    Collector.  J.  W.  Ellis; 
Overseer  of  Poor,  James  Holmes  ;  Justices  of  the 
Peace.  Solon  Armstrong  and  Anthony  Grethen  ; 
Constables.!..  C.  Johnson  and   Albert  Gowen ; 
Over.seer  of  Koads,  Moses  Whillier.    The  lirst 
meeting  held  separate  from  the  city  of  St.  Anthony 
was  on  April  3d,  1860,  at  the  Mississippi  House, 
north  of  the  city  on  the  river  road.    The  oHicers 
elected     were :       Supervisors.    L.   C.    Tiniiison. 
chairman.    Edward    I'alcli.    and    (i.    W.    Huek- 
more;    Clerk,   and    Superintendent   of    Schools, 
G.  F.  Cross;   Treasurer.  D.  D.  Moore:  Assessor, 
E.  W.  Grindall ;   Justices,  Stephen  Cobb  and  J<1- 
seph  Ilawes,  Jr.;  Constables.  J.  E.  Philbrook  and 
John  Hank.     Following  is  a  list  of  chairmen  of 
the  Town  Board,  and  the  years  for  which  they 
were  elected  :     In  1861-2.  (J.  F.  Cross:  1803.  Ste- 
phen Cobb;  1864  U)  1872,  inclusive,  W  .  11.  ('"le; 
1S73.   Joseph    Ingerhntt;    1874,    A.    II.    Weeks; 
1875  to  1879,  incliLsive,  Edwin  Cooley  ;  1880,  J.  B. 


SAINT  ANTHONY— BIOGEAPHICAL. 


355 


Eustis.  The  present  officers  are :  Supervisors, 
J.  B.  Eustis,  cliairman,  J.  G.  Swalin,  and  JM.  F. 
Kletzin;  Clerk,  X.  O.  Phillips;  Treasurer,  L. 
Kampff ;  Assessor,  C.  Lennelmn  ;  Justices,  Ed- 
win Cooley  and  S.  yi.  Moore :  Constahle,  Cornel- 
ius Lennehan. 

STATISTICAL. 

The  township  has  an  area  of  5,497  acres,  the 
assessed  valuation  of  whicli,  was  in  1869,  53,- 
885;  in  1875,  $219,335;  in  1880,  S400,449.  There 
are  also  town  lots,  not  included  in  the  city  limits, 
valued  at  $89,690.  The  valuation  of  personal 
property,  was  in  1869,  $12,240;  in  1875,  $18,942; 
in  1880,  $33,786.  Number  of  horses  over  two 
years  old,  in  1869,  82;  m  1875,  98;  in  1880,  132. 
Number  of  cattle  over  two  years  old,  in  1869, 
211;  in  1875,  227;  in  1880,  239.  Number  of  sheep 
in  1869,  36;  in  1875;  38;  in  1880,  28.  Number  of 
hogs  in  1869,  34;  in  1875, 146;  in  1880, 405.  Total 
amount  of  taxes  for  1869,  §1,699;  for  1875,  $2,- 
291;  for  1880,  $5,962.  In  1869,  the  production  of 
wheat  amounted  to  6,553  bushels;  in  1875,  to 
3,638  bushels;  in  1880,  610  acres  were  sown  to  that 
cereal.  The  population  of  the  township  is  485, 
according  to  the  last  census. 

CEMETERIES. 

Maple  bill  Cemetery  is  located  in  the  south- 
west corner  of  section  6,  one  mile  north  of  the 
city  limits,  and  has  been  in  use  since  1852,  in 
wliich  year  it  was  established  by  R.  W.  Cum- 
mings. 

The  Catholic  Cemetery  was  establislied  about 
1857.  It  contains  sixteen  acres,  and  is  located  on 
the  north-east  quarter  of  section  11,  one  mile 
north  of  the  city  limits. 

MANUFACTUIIES. 

In  August  1857,  Louis  Kampff  located  on  sec- 
tion 10,  on  the  river  road,  and  at  once  began  the 
manufacture  of  pottery.  His  iirst  building,  was 
a  log  shanty  about  16x20  feet.  In  1860,  he 
erected  a  new  building,  of  stone,  20x30  feet,  two- 
stories  high.  Additions  have  been  made  from 
time  to  time,  as  increasing  business  demanded, 
and  he  now  has  a  large  establishment  with  an 
annual  business  of  from  four  to  five  thousand 
dollars. 

The  Minnesota  Rendering  and  Fertilizing  Com- 
pany, began  business  in  the  spring  of  1877, 
under  the  linn  name  of  F.  M.  Upham  and  Com- 


pany. January  1880,  William  Wyman  became 
a  partner,  and  the  present  name  was  adopted. 
Their  rendering  works  were  first  located  on 
Bridal  Veil  creek,  a  few  rods  above  the  falls, 
but  in  1880,  new  buildings  were  erected  in  the 
south-east  part  of  the  township,  near  ]Meeker"s 
Island,  and  the  machinery  moved  there.  The 
main  building  is  50x100  feet,  three  stories  high, 
with  an  engine  room  on  the  east,  28x40,  and 
an  addition  on  the  west,  25x30 ;  also  a  black- 
smith shop,  25x30,  and  a  barn  60x80.  This 
company  have  an  abattoir  located  on  the  flats 
near  Saint  Paul,  with  a  capacity  for  killing 
two  hundred  cattle  and  live  hundred  hogs  per 
day.  At  the  rendering  establishment  twenty-one 
persons  are  employed.  The  business  offices  are 
at  number  11,  First  street  north,  Minneapolis, 
and  64,  East  Seventh  street.  Saint  Paul. 

NURSERY. 

The  Summit  Nursery  was  established  on  sec- 
tion 12,  about  1862,  by  Thomas  Moulton,  and 
contains  nearly  tliirty  acres.  This  nursery  is 
well  stocked  with  fruit  trees  and  shrubbery 
adapted  to  this  climate. 

BIOGRAPHICAI,. 

Adam  Burg,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born  in 
1826,  at  the  village  of  Moetsch.  He  attended 
school  until  twelve  years  of  age,  and  afterward 
worked  on  a  farm.  In  1852  he  emigrated  with 
his  father  to  the  United  States.  He  resided  in 
Chicago  three  years.  In  1855  he  came  to  ^linne- 
sota,  settled  at  St.  Anthony,  and  has  suiee  been  a 
permanent  resident  of  Hennepm  county.  His  wife 
was  Therese  Koliler.  Their  marriage  occurred  in 
1866.  Of  the  nine  children  born  to  them,  six  are 
living. 

Charles  Estes  was  born  in  the  town  of  Cornish, 
York  county,  Maine,  xVpril,  1835.  He  engaged 
in  railroad  business  in  ^lassachusetts  for  a  time, 
and  in  1853  moved  with  his  parents  to  Minnesota. 
He  located  at  Anoka,  and  helped  build  the  first 
mill-dam  at  that  place.  He  eventually  came  to 
St.  Anthony,  which  is  still  his  home.  His  father 
is  living  witli  him— a  vigorous  old  gentleman, 
eighty-seven  years  of  age.  Charles  Estes  enlisted 
in  the  Ninth  Mimiesota  Infantry,  and  served 
three  years.  He  is  one  of  the  old  settlers,  and 
has  a  fine  place.  The  first  brick  made  in  this 
county  were  manufactured  on  his  farm.    His  wife 


356 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


was  Mrs.  Julia  Es.es,  whom  he  married  in  1872. 
Tliey  liave  three  children  living. 

Elijah  W.  Grindall  (deceased)  was  born  Septem- 
ber 2()lh.  1804.  at  Penobscot.  Hancock  connty, 
Maine.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools,  and  then  worked  at  farming.  In  Janu- 
ary, 1826,  he  married  Caroline  Higgins,  who  bore 
him  nine  children.  Mr.  Grindall  came  to  St.  An- 
thony in  1854,  after  a  few  months  residence  in 
Iowa.  He  was  an  energetic  farmer,  and  served 
as  County  Commissioner  several  terms.  His 
death  occurred  in  1872.  :Mrs.  Grindall  and  her 
youngest  son,  Olin,  live  at  llie  farm. 

Ernest  Hilgedick,  a  native  of  Germa-y,  vas 
born  in  1823,  He  attended  school  until  sixteen 
years  of  age,  and  was  emploved  in  farming  from 
that  time  until  1844,  when  he  emigrated  with  his 
parents  to  America,  He  resided  in  "Warren 
county,  Jlissouri,  until  1850;  then  spent  three 
years  in  California,  wliere  he  met  with  considera- 
ble success  in  mining.  He  came  to  Minnesota, 
and  purchased  a  farm  in  Ramsey  county.  Lived 
there  until  he  settled  in  this  county,  in  1872.  His 
marriage  with  Lisetta  Dothage  occurred  in  1853. 
They  have  ten  children.  Two  of  the  sons  are 
proprietors  of  the  Edgewood  Dairy. 

Louis  Kamiiff  was  born  in  Hanover,  North 
Germany,  in  1828.  He  learned  the  trade  of  pot- 
ter, and  came  to  the  United  States  in  1854,  lived 
three  years  at  Galena,  Illinois,  then  came  to  St. 
Anthony,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  jiottery,  with  success.  He  was 
married  in  lh.)7,  at  Galena,  Illinois,  to  Minnie 
Koehllwrg,  of  that  place— seven  children  were 
bom   to   them,  six  of  whom   are  living. 

M.  F.  Kletzin  was  born  in  North  I'l'ussia,  in 
1830.  In  18.52,  he  came  to  America  and  lo- 
cated at  Lockport.  New  Yoik,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  gard(ning  until  185().  when  he  came  to 
St.  Anthony,  and  resiilcd  in  the  city  till  1805, 
then  located  on  the  jilace  where  he  now  lives. 
He  has  made  gardening  a  succ:essfnl  business. 
Married  in  18(11,  Johanna  Sandhoff,  who  has 
borne  him  Iwochildren. but  oneof  whom  is  living. 

John  Oberlies,  a  native  of  (iermany,  was  born 
in  1834.  At  the  age  of  fourteen,  he  began  an 
apprenticeship  at  the  carpenter'.s  trade,  and  in 
1858,  came  to  America.  He  lived  in  Pennsylva- 
nia five  years,  tlien  came  to  this  county,  and  has 


since  resided  in  the  town  of  St.  Anthony.  He 
was  among  the  first  carpenters  who  worked  in 
Minneapolis.  His  wife  was  Miss  Katherine  Kess- 
ler,  whom  he  married  in  1854.  They  have  had 
eight  children,  of  whom  five  are  living. 

Nathan  O.  Phillips,  one  of  the  oldest  settlers 
of  St.  Anthony  township,  was  born  iii  Windham 
county,  A'ermont,  in  1S22.  He  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools,  initil  the  age  of  eighteen,  and  was 
also  engaged  in  the  occuiJations  of  farmer  and 
carriage  builder.  In  1844.  he  went  to  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  and  found  employment  in  a 
wholesale  paper  establishment,  where  he  re- 
mained about  six  years,  and  in  1850,  came  to 
St.  Anthony.  He  lived  there  one  year  then 
made  the  claim  where  he  has  since  re- 
sided. He  has  been  clerk  of  the  town  for  the 
last  eighteen  years.  He  was  married  in  1849,  to 
Mary  A.  Philbrook.  Four  children  have  been 
born  to  them,  two  now  living:  Eugnia  F.  and 
Proctor  11. 

C.  J.  Swanson  was  born  in  Smoland,  South 
Sweden.  He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
1869.  and  settled  in  McLeod  county,  Minnesota; 
one  year  later  he  came  to  Minneapolis.  Ho  began 
the  manufacture  of  brick  in  1876.  The  business  has 
since  been  prosperous.  The  yards  are  located  on 
the  east  side  of  the  river,  three  miles  north  of 
the  city  and  fin'uish  employment  to  forty-five 
men  and  ten  teams.  He  was  married  in  1876,  to 
Christine  Johnson,  who  has  borne  him  one  cliild. 

Frank  Thiry,  a  native  of  France,  was  Imrn 
February  25th,  1835.  He  engaged  in  farming 
till  1853  when  he  came  to  America.  After  a 
residence  of  two  years  in  New  York,  where  he 
learned  the  tinners'  trade,  he  removed  to  I'tica, 
thence  to  Illinois,  and  worked  at  his  trade  at 
Napierville.  In  1857  he  came  to  Saint  Anthony 
and  worked  as  tinner  for  Spence  and  Ponicroy. 
In  1860  he  established  a  hardware  and  tin  store, 
and  carried  on  the  business  five  years,  then  took 
as  partner,  Charles  Henry,  and  the  linn  of 
Frank  Thiry  and  ('ompany  did  a  successful  busi- 
ness for  about  ten  years.  Mr.  Thiry  was  obliged 
to  leave  the  city  on  account  of  ill-health,  and 
has  since  lived  on  his  farm.  He  still  owns  the 
business  house,  nmuber  fl.  Main  street,  K.  1). 
He  was  married  in  1860,  to  Caroline  Stol/niau; 
they  have  had  eight  children,  seven  of  whuni  aro 
living. 


INTRODUCTOEY. 


357 


CITY  OF  MmNEAPOLIS. 


CHAPTER  LVI. 

INTRODUCTORY— CLAIJIS—FEANKLIN  STEELE— 

BOUNDARIES FIRST     DEED — AFFIDAVIT    OF 

SPENCE— NAVIGATION— SETTLERS  AND  LUM- 
BERMEN—STORES— MILL  ERECTED — MISFOR- 
TUNES. 

Waterfalls  have  always  borne  magic  with  them. 
It  sparkles  in  their  spray  and  shines  in  their-  rain- 
bows. Fairy  stories  are  based  on  legendsof  mount- 
ain cascades,  and  good  or  bad  spirits  were  in  an- 
cient times  supposed  to  hover  around  them  to  iullu- 
ence  the  lives  of  visitors.  Waverly  has  peopled  the 
crags  and  glens  of  old  Scotland  with  spirits  wher- 
ever a  well  or  waterfall  was  to  be  found.  The 
poor  Indian  whose  imagination  could  not  extend 
so  far,  looked  at  the  "  Ka-ka-bi-ka  Irara  "  as  the 
abode  of  his  Manitou.  Jonathan  Carver  writes 
that,  on  his  first  visit  to  the  falls,  which  happened 
about  1767,  he  was  accompanied  by  a  chief  of 
the  "Winnebagoes.  He  says:  "  The  Prince  had 
no  sooner  gained  the  point  that  overlooked  this 
wonderful  cascade  than  he  began  with  an  audible 
voice  to  address  the  Great  Spirit,  one  of  whose 
places  of  residence  he  imagined  this  to  be.  He 
told  Him  that  he  had  traveled  a  long  way  to  pay 
his  adorations  to  Him,  and  now  would  make  Him 
the  best  offering  in  his  power.  He,  accordingly, 
first  threw  his  pipe  into  the  stream,  then  the 
roll  that  contained  his  tobacco;  after  these  the 
bracelets  he  wore  upon  his  arms  and  wrists;  next 
an  ornament  that  encircled  his  neck  and  the  ear- 
rings from  his  ears.  In  short,  he  presented  to  his 
God  every  part  of  his  dress  that  was  valuable. 
During  this  time  he  frequently  smote  his  breast 
■with  gi'eat  violence,  threw  his  arms  about,  and 
appeared  to  be  much  afflicted.  All  this  while  he 
continued  his  adorations,  and  at  length  concluded 
them  with  fervent  petitions  that  the  Great  Spirit 
would  constantly  afford  us  protection  on  our 
travels,  giving  ns  a  bright  sun,  a  blue  sky  and 


clear  untroubled  waters.  Xor  would  he  leave 
until  we  had  smoked  together,  with  my  pipe,  in 
honor  of  the  Great  Spirit."  The  white  man,  who 
has  usurped  both  hunting-ground  and  water-fall, 
worshiped  money  more  than  the  God  of  Xature, 
and  looked  to  the  precious  yellow  metal  to  cure 
every  disease  and  afford  him  both  comfort  and 
protection.  He  did  not,  like  the  Indian,  fall 
down  and  worship  the  spirit  of  the  falls;  still, 
after  admiring  the  beauty,  he  proceeded  with  lead 
and  line  to  take  its  measurement,  estimate  its 
capacity  to  drive  machinery,  take  its  geographical 
situation  with  reference  to  commercial  centres, 
and  with  mathematical  estimates  speculate  on  its 
future  value.  The  Indian  and  his  romantic  vis- 
ions have  passed  away,  and  his  ^lanitou  has  been 
forever  dethroned.  The  falls  themselves  have 
covered  their  natural  charms  in  answer  to  the  be- 
hest of  knowledge  and  progress.  The  new  di- 
vinity, that  has  taken  the  abode  of  the  Indian's 
Manitou,  in  obedience  to  the  custom  established 
when  knowledge  first  crept  into  the  Garden  of 
Eden,  is  in  one  sense  a  god.  The  element  of 
power,  at  least,  remains;  that  element  which  to 
most  men  is  the  important  attribute  of  Deity,  to 
which  in  their  view,  knowledge,  justice  and  good- 
ness are  subordinate.  This,  with  almost  absolute 
sway,  has  determined  the  site  of  a  great  city,  has 
compelled  capital  to  come  from  atai-  to  develop 
the  resoiu'ces  of  the  great  North-west,  has  gath- 
ered a  poijulation  of  fifty  thousand  people  as 
devotees  in  its  immediate  vicinity,  and  more  than 
twenty  thousand  more  of  farmers  and  smaller 
merchants  to  feed  the  central  industry.  No  wand 
of  fairy  (pieen  or  "nod"  of  Indian  Manitou  was 
ever  known  to  produce  such  a  result.  It  is  the 
purpose  of  this  history  to  trace  the  development 
from  the  first. 

In  the  year  1836,  a  territory  existed  in  the 
North-vvest,called  Wisconsin,  organized  that  year, 
and  including  within  its  bounds,  in  addition  to 


358 


HISTORY  OF  HEXXEPIN  COUXTY. 


■what  is  now  Wisconsin,  part  of  the  upper 
peninsula  of  Micliigan.  the  whole  of  Minnesota 
anil  Iowa,  and  that  part  of  Dakota  lying  east  of 
the  Missouri  and  White  Karth  rivers.  At  the 
intersection  of  the  Mississippi  river  and  the 
forty-fifth  degree  of  north  latitude,  the  waters  of 
the  mighty  river  poured  over  precipitous  rocks, 
forming  a  beautiful  water-fall,  which  had  been  de- 
scribed by  many  explorers  as  picturesque,  and 
possibly  of  gieat  value  in  the  future.  Such  reports 
had  prevailed  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  years, 
without  eliciting  general  attention. 

Major  Plympton,  of  the  5th  United  States  In- 
fantry, successor  of  Major  Bliss  in  command 
at  Fort  Snelling,  and  othei-s,  made  a  claim 
at  St.  Anthony  Falls,  in  1836,  and  built  a  log 
house.  In  1S37.  Sergeant  Canienter,  of  Company  A 
of  the.simie  regiment,  stationed  at  the  Fort,  made 
a  claim  adjoining  that  of  Major  Plympton,  et  al., 
on  the  north.  In  the  summer  of  183S,  Franklm 
Steele  ajipears  as  an  interested  partner  in  the 
claim  of  Maj<ir  Plympton.  Mr.  Steele  first  arrived 
at  Fort  Snelling  in  1837.  as  will  appear  in 
his  biography,  but  though  it  would  ajipcar  thai 
from  the  first  he  p\irposed  to  secure  the  claim  at 
the  falls,  still  he  waited  the  proper  time  to  arrive, 
and  in  llie  meantime  became  interested  in  busi- 
ness at  the  I'"alls  of  St.  Croix.  The  circumstances 
att<'M<ling  his  iire-emption  are  as  follows: 

The  steamer  llurlington.  Captain  Tlirockmor- 
ton.  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling  June  13th,  1838, 
having  on  board  Franklin  Steele,  who  had  been 
spending  the  winter  at  \\ashington.  P.P.  Haker. 
a  trader  located  near  Fori  Snelling,  Cai)tain  Ma- 
D'Btt  of  the  British  navy,  and  General  Atkinson. 
V.  S.  A.  The  next  day  the  whole  jiarty  rode  out 
to  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.  Five  days  after 
this,  the  steamboat  Ariel  arrived  from  St.  Louis, 
and  a  Mr.  Beebe,  one  of  the  passengers,  an- 
iioiniced  the  rumor  that  the  I'nited  Slates  Senate 
hail  nililied  thetrejily  with  the  Indians,  by  virtue 
of  which  the  lands  between  the  St.  Croix  and  the 
MlHslxHlppi  were  ceded  to  the  I'nited  Stiites.  It 
was  not.  however,  till  the  l-Mli  of  .July,  that  the 
ofl'icial  notice  was  brougltl  by  Uic  slcamcr  Pal- 
myra. The  first  reimrl  cn-ati'd  uiuch  inlcrcst 
among  the  aspirant-s  for  claims  in  the  newly 
acipiiri'il  terrltoiy.  but  the  confirmation  led  to 
decided  actliin. 

It  is  said  that  in  .lunc.  Ih3h.  and,  if   this  be  a 


correct  date,  before  the  official  notice  was  re- 
ceived, Franklin  Steele  and  Captain  L.  Scott,  of 
the  Fifth  U.  S.  Infantry,  set  out  jiost  haste  for 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  eacli  anxious  to  secure 
the  best  claim,  including  thefalls.  Captam  Scott 
came  up  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  but  was 
unable  to  cross,  while  Jtlr.  Steele,  who  took  the 
east  bank,  in  company  with  assistants,  was  able 
to  make  a  shanty  ready  to  entertain  his  friends 
from  the  Fort  when  they  made  the  detour  neces- 
sary to  join  him  on  the  opposite  bank. 

In  reply  to  the  allegation  of  Scott  that  the 
claim  had  been  previously  occupied  by  liini  in 
company  with  others,  Mr.  Steele  answered,  that 
their  claim  was  void,  for  two  reasons;  first,  be- 
cause made  before  the  ratification  of  the  treaty, 
and,  secondly,  because  of  the  incapacity  of  the 
claimants  to  i)re-enipl  land  while  holding  military 
offices  under  the  govermnent. 

This  claim  continued  to  be  known  for  some 
time  as  the  claim  of  Major  Plympton  and  others. 
An  old  voyagenr,  named  La  Grue.  was  placed 
in  charge,  occupying  a  log  house  opposite  the 
falls,  and  until  1839  took  care  of  ihc  claim.  His 
stewardship  ended  in  a  tragical  maimer.  Owing 
to  the  distance  of  supplies  and  llic  semi-barbarous 
metliod  of  subsistence,  of  which  hunting  and 
fishing  formed  an  important  i)arl.  La  Grue  was 
freiiuciitly  absent  from  home  on  a  visit  to  the 
Fort  or  the  government  farm,  to  secure  supplies, 
or  on  some  hunting  or  tishing  excursion.  On  re- 
turning from  one  of  these,  as  he  approached  his 
hut,  he  saw  from  the  high  ground  the  smoking 
ruins  of  his  cabin.  Ilurryiu'.;  to  the  spot,  he  not 
only  t'ounil  cvcrxlliiii^'  liuincd.  liul  Uic  clian'cil 
remains  of  his  wile  were  also  among  tlie  debris. 
The  fire  was  supposed  to  be  accidental,  but  no 
explanation  could  be  obtained  where  none  lived 
to  explain.  After  grieving  over  his  loss,  he  set 
out  to  go  around  by  tlie  island  to  cross  the  river 
and  seek  shelter  at  the  government  farm  by  the 
mill  on  the  west  side,  but  met  a  jiarly  of  Clii))- 
pewas,  who  had  come  down  Irnm  the  iioilli  to 
secure  a  few  Dakota  scalps.  They  received  him 
at  their  camp,  as  night  was  coming  on,  ami  af- 
ioiclcd  hiiu  ^uch  couil'ort  as  thc>  could  give.  La 
Grue  after  this  left  the  country. 

One  ("harles  Landry,  also  a  French  voyagenr, 
was  next  placed  in  charge  of  the  claim  by  Mr. 
Steele.     His  irregularities   were    more   blamablo 


CLAIMS  AND  TRANSFERS. 


359 


than  those  of  La  Grue,  for,  returning  from  a 
somewhat  extended  absence,  he  found  his  cabin 
occupied,  guarded  and  barred  against  him  l)y 
some  intruder.  An  adventurer,  named  James 
Mink,  knowing  the  irregularities  of  the  steward, 
had  '•jumped"  the  claim  in  his  absence,  and  as 
the  intruder  seemed  prepared  and  disposed  to 
maintain  his  position,  Landry  left  him  in  possess- 
sion  and  reported  the  outrage  to  Mr.  Steele  at  the 
Fort. 

Mr.  Steele  recovered  his  claim  by  pmchase  of 
Mink,  paying  him  several  hundred  dollars,  and 
Joseph  Reachi  was  put  in  charge.  He  was  a 
Canadian  voyageur  and  came  from  the  Fort 
bringing  his  wife,  Ave  sons  and  two  daughters. 

In  1838,  two  houses,  one  each  side  of  the  river, 
were  the  only  dwellings  in  what  is  now  ilinne- 
apolis.  These  were  the  old  government  house 
built  in  1822,  and  the  log  house  of  Franklin 
Steele. 

The  Plympton  claim  was  bounded  on  tlie  north 
by  a  line  beginning  at  a  large  cedar  tree,  situated 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  river,  opposite  where  the 
"coffer  dam"'  now  is,  thence  at  right  angles  to  the 
river  indefinitely.  It  will  appear  from  this  and 
following  descriptions,that  the  boundaries  of  these 
first  claims  were  usually  undefined,  except  where 
claims  adjoined,  and  it  was  long  before  their  east- 
ern boundaries  were  fixed  at  all,  as  claims  were 
not  made  except  on  the  river.  The  Mississippi 
formed  the  western  boundary.  The  southern 
boundary  was  a  hue  beginning  at  a  point  opposite 
the  lower  end  of  Spirit  Island,  thence  easterly  at 
right  angles  to  the  river  indefinitely,  as  stated  of 
the  northern  boundary. 

The  Carpenter  claim,  made  as  stated  above,  in 
1837,  was  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  Plympton 
claim,  west  by  the  river;  the  northern  and 
eastern  bounds  were  left  indefinite,  the  whole  to 
contain  about  three  hundred  and  twenty  acres. 
These  two  claims  embraced  all  the  laiuls  nearthe 
falls  on  the  east  side,  esteemed  valuable  by  claim- 
ants. NovemberSth,  1838.  Sergeant  Natlianiel  Car- 
penter transferred  to  Private  Tlioinas  Brown,  also 
of  Company  A,  5th  United  States  Infantry,  an  un- 
divid(id  half  of  his  claim,  for  twenty-five  dollars, 
and  a  log  house  was  built  on  the  claim  by  the 
joint  owners,  situated  near  the  river,  at  a  place 
between  what  are  now  Third  and  Fourtli  Avenu(  s 
north-east.    Tlie  instrument  by  wliich  this  lirst 


transfer  of  real  estate  now  included  in  the  city  of 
^linneapolis  was  made,  describes  the  lands  as  in 
the  comity  of  Crawford  and  Territory  of  Wisconsin, 
and  is  dated  at  Fort  Snelling,  Iowa  Territory, 
signed  and  sealed  by  Nathaniel  Carpenter,  in  the 
presence  of  Geo.  W.  P.  IjPonard.  Tliomas  Brown 
conveyed  his  interest.  May  lith,  istii,  to  Peter 
Quinn,  of  St.  Peter,  Iowa  Territory,  by  an  in- 
strument attached  to  the  former  deed,  signed  by 
his  mark  and  witnessed  liy  Norman  W.  Kittson. 
Peter  Quinn  sold  tlie  same.  May  1st,  1845,  to  S.  J. 
Findley  and  R.  P.  Russell.  The  last  two  transfers 
were  very  loosely  made,  without  seal  and  without 
naming  a  consideration.  Moreover,  Quinn.  who 
by  deed  had  become  entitled  loan  !()i(?(!-/(?((nialf, 
after  naming  his  interest  adds  in  a  parenthesis, 
"  Half  claim  say  nortli  portion."  Findley  and  Rus- 
sell deeded.  May  flth.  ISlli,  to  Pierre  Bottineau. 
This  deed  describes  the  property  as  a  certain  tract 
of  United  States  land  in  the  Territory  of  Wiscon- 
sin, St.  Croix  county,  on  the  Mississippi  river, 
above  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  etc.,  containing 
one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  more  or  less,  and 
names  the  consideration,  one  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars.  This  instrument  is  in  the  handwriting  of 
Joseph  R.  Brown,  antl  is  witnessed  by  Mr.  Brown 
and  P.  Prescott.  It  is  signed  and  sealed  by  Find- 
ley and  Russell.  Notes  of  tlie  transfers  of  the 
property  and  private  history  of  the  family  have 
been  preseiTed  by  J.  B.  Bottineau,  to  whom  we 
are  indebted. 

It  appears  from  notes  of  J.  B.  Bottineau  that 
a  transfer  of  the  undivided  half  interest  remain- 
ing in  Sergeant  Carpenter,  after  his  deed  to  pri- 
vate Brown,  was  made  to  other  parties,  and  be- 
came the  property  of  Mr.  Bottlueau  in  1844.  In 
1842  or  '43,  Petit  John  made  a  claim  south  of  Mr. 
Steele's  claim.  After  tliis  date  Miijor  ri\iiipton 
ceased  to  be  known  in  couiiectiou  with  the  claim 
originally  made  by  him.  In  ls4o  Bottineau  pur- 
chased of  Petit  John  his  claim  wliich  extended 
from  Mr.  Steele's  claim  south  indeliiiitdy  on  the 
river,  but  was  recognized  iis  including  the  lands 
now  known  as  University  lainls. 

Joseph  Rondo  made  a  claim  in  1843.  north  of 
the  Carpenter  claim.  The  other  iKiuudaries  w  ere 
quite  indefinite.  He  was  aggressive  and  trouble- 
some, and  wanted  to  encroach  on  the  Carpenter 
claim,  especially  on  Boom  Island. 

Witnesses  who  established  the  line  in  1838,weie 


360 


EISTOEY  OF  HEl^NEPIN  COVXTY. 


brought  to  prove  the  original  bounds  of  the  Car- 
penter claim  on  the  north.  A  copy  of  his  certifi- 
cate is  given: 

'•This  is  to  certify  that  I  hi'lind  James  Mink 
to  run  certain  lines  on  claims  belonging  to  Mr. 
Mink  (now  said  claim  belonging  to  Mr.  F.  Steele) 
and  one  belonging  to  Mr.  Quinn,  lying  on  the 
east  side  of  the  Mississippi  river,  near  the  Falls 
of  Saint  Antliony.  I  do  hereby  certify  that  the 
northern  line  of  the  claim  now  belonging  to  S.  J. 
Findley  and  R.  P.  Russell  was  run  by  me,  in  the 
year  1838,  then  l>elonging  to  Mr.  P.  Quinn.  The 
said  line  was  marked  to  commence  on  a  large 
elm  tree,  near  the  shore,  above  the  small  island 
in  the  Mississijipi  river  opposite  said  claiming. 
The  said  northern  line  was  marked  according  to 
law,  the  trees  all  in  a  line,  running  due  north- 
east from  the  river,  or  from  above  said  elm  tree, 
were  blazed  on  four  sides,  as  well  as  could  be 
done  then.  This  is  to  certify  that  according  to 
the  way  the  above  said  northern  line  of  said 
claim  was  drawn,  that  Joseph  Rondo  has  no 
claim  whatever  to  it ;  that  said  Rondo  drew 
his  line  inside  of  the  above  said  line,  some  two 
or  three  years  after,  September  9lh,  1845. 

Babtist  Spence. 

Witness.  Pkteu  IIaydkx." 

While  Ronilo.  who  lived  at  Saint  Paul,  was 
absent  from  his  claim.  Mr.  Bottineau  with  others, 
dragged  his  little  claim  cabin  by  a  yoke  of  cattle, 
out  a  mile  or  more  north,  at  such  distance  that 
they  thought  themselves  safe  from  his  encroach- 
ments. 

In  the  fall  of  1845,  Rondo,  linding  his  claim 
t<Mi  far  north,  and  his  shanty  having  been  re- 
moved to  a  ilistance,  aliandoneil  his  claim  alto- 
gether. 

Now,  the  whole  east  side  belongeil  t<itwo  men, 
Franklin  Steele  and  Pierre  lidttineau. 

After  this,  Jiottineau  gave  part  of  his  claim  to 
I>ouis  Desjarlais,  his  brother-in-law.  In  the 
spring  of  1K45,  Mr.  Bottineau  and  Desjarlais 
moved  on  their  claims  from  St.  Paul.  Mr.  Bot- 
tineau had  a  family,  cnusisting  of  a  wife  and 
three  children.  His  two  brothers,  Severre  and 
fharles,  lived  with  him. 

In  1H45,  the  old  Petit  John  hnnse.  south  nf  the 
Steele  claim,  was  occupied  by  liaptistt*  Tnrpin,  a 
voyageur  anil  half-breed,  though  the  claim  was 
still  the  iiro]>erty  of  I'ierre  Bottineau.     l'a.scal 


and  Sauverre  St.  Martin,  Canadian  Frenchmen, 
made  a  claim  below  the  Petit  John  claim,  which 
included  a  small  portion  of  the  southern  part  of 
the  university  land,  extending  indefinitely. 

The  total  population  of  what  is  now  ^liniieap- 
olis  consisted  at  this  time  of  less  than  fifty  souls, 
and  these  were  scattered  along  the  east  side  of 
the  river  guarding  their  own  claims  or  those  of 
their  employers.  One  man,  whom  they  called 
Old  ^laloney,  lived  at  the  government  mill  on  the 
other  side  of  the  river,  where  he  had  been  em- 
ployed four  or  five  years. 

St.  Anthony  Falls,  at  this  time,  boasted  only 
one  shingled  house,  that  belonging  to  Frank- 
lin Steele  and  occupied  by  Reachi.  The  others 
were  covered  with  elm  baik  or  sod. 

Navigation  was  undertaken  in  1S42,  in  a 
primitive  way  on  the  Upper  Jlississippi,  above 
the  Falls.  The  crafts  used  were  a  style  i:alled 
Mackinaw  boats.  These  were  keel-boats  rigged 
for  both  rowing  and  sailing,  manned  by  eight 
voyageursand  carried  four  tons  burden,  or  eighty 
to  one  himdi'ed  packages.  These  packages  were 
calculated  in  weight  and  form  for  convenient 
handling.  In  case  a  portage  was  reached,  the 
voyageurs  were  required  each  to  carry  two  of 
these  at  a  load  on  their  backs  any  distance  re- 
quired. The  lir.sl  package  was  swung  t)nliis  own 
back  by  means  of  the  strap  used  in  carrying,  by 
the  voyageur  himself;  the  second  package  was 
placed  on  top  of  this  by  his  companions.  The 
whole  load  was  ecpial  in  weight  to  a  barrel  of 
flour.  These  boats  were  operated  by  Pierre  Bot- 
tineau, in  the  employ  of  the  American  Fur  Com- 
pany, carrsing  supjilies  from  St.  Antliony  Falls 
to  Sauk  Hapiils  and  Little  Hock.  After  experi- 
ence it  was  toiiiid  dial  tliese  boats,  on  account  of 
their  keel,  drew  too  iniicli  water  to  i>ass  bars  and 
shallows  in  the  river  during  low  water,  and  Mat- 
boats  of  larger  size  were  substituted,  maiiiu'd  witli 
twenty-two  men  and  pio|icIli'd  by  jioles.  Tliese 
boats  were  emploud  in  liaiisporting  goods 
to  various  [Hiints  from  St.  Antliony  Falls  to  Fort 
Ripley,  for   the  Atnerican   Fur  Company  and  for 

the    United    Stales  gover cnl;  boih    military 

stores  and  Indian  goods  for  the  upper  countiy. 

Nicolli'l  Island  at  this  time  was  covered  with 
magnificent  maples,  and  lliree  or  lour  sugar 
camps  were  opened  for  siici-e.ssive  years  by  the 
various  families  living  near.    The  implements 


SETTLEES  FBOM  THE  EAST. 


361 


used  were  the  very  rudest.  Birch-bark  pans  were 
used  to  catch  the  sap  which  flowed  from  a  gash 
made  by  the  Frenchman's  ax.  Kettles,  swung 
from  crotched  sticks,  boiled  down  the  precious 
liquid.  These  spring  days  were  the  sweetest  of 
the  year  to  the  uncultivated  inhabitants. 

These  early  days  remind  us  of  the  Darwinian 
theory,  and  may  be  considered  as  an  illustration 
of  that  philosopher's  doctrine.  In  the  first  place, 
there  is  the  hodge-podge  or  chaotic  condition  of 
the  country  under  Indian  brutality,  a  mixture  of 
Ojibwas,  Sioux.  "Winnebagoes  and  numerous 
tribes  and  combination  of  tribes,  which  we  may 
denominate  the  "Nebular  condition."'  Then 
came  m  French  voyageurs.  a  higher,  or  more  en- 
lightened race,  with  beads  anil  gew-gaws  to  en- 
tice the  Indian  maidens,  illustrating  the  theory 
of  "Natural  Selection."  "The  struggle  for  ex- 
istence," and  the  "  Survival  of  the  fittest,"  each 
find  a  most  vigorous  illustration.  The  lineaments 
and  habits  of  the  whites  appear  in  these  men  as 
imitations  or  caricatures  of  the  race.  The  ine- 
vitable "  Struggle  for  existence  "  began  in  earn- 
est when  actual  settlers  moved  in  and  took  claims, 
for  we  can  hardly  regard  Mr.  Steele  as  a  settler 
in  St.  Anthony  at  this  time,  since  he  never  lived 
on  his  claim,  but  only  attempted  to  hold  it  by  a 
color  of  title,  employing  a  tenant  to  live  in  the 
cabin.  Peter  Quinn  obtained  a  claim  here,  but  it 
was  subsequenty  absorbed  by  Franklin  Steele  as 
well  as  one  taken  by  his  son-in-law  Findley.  Mr. 
Steele  now  owned  the  most  valuable  portion  of 
St.  Anthony,  including  the  Falls,  and,  from  his 
social  and  financial  position  as  well  by  his  natural 
abilities,  became  not  only  the  most  inter- 
ested, but  the  most  powerful  friend  of  the  new 
settlement.'  His  claim  at  St.  Anthony  Falls  was 
a  little  in  advance  of  tlie  wheels  of  progress,  but 
he  kept  his  foot  tirmly  on  it  until  the  rest  of  the 
world  came  up  with  him.  He  lived  near  the  Fort 
where  he  held  out  a  hospitable  hand  to  all  new- 
comers, and  encouraged  the  settlement.  Mr. 
Steele  opened  a  farm  of  seven  acres  and  em- 
ployed a  man  to  fence  and  cultivate  it  until  he 
entered  it  and  perfecteil  his  title  in  1848,  by  pay- 
ing the  usual  price,  one  dollar  and  twenty-flve 
cents  per  acre. 

The  changes  to  1847,  were,  in  addition  to  the 
facts  already  given,  exchanges  among  the  owners 
of  claims,  of  little  more  import  to  our  history  than 


the  swapping  of  jack-knives  among  a  party  of 
school  boys,  for  settlere  came  in  1847  who  added 
tone  to  business,  and  soon  obliterated  all  traces 
of  these  petty  trades. 

In  an  address  of  Judge  Atwater's  we  find  that 
Charles  Wilson  w-as  the  first  American  settler  at 
St.  Anthony.  He  arrived  in  the  spring  of  1847. 
In  Jime  of  this  year,  William  A.  Cheever  ob- 
tained a  claim  near  the  present  site  of  the  Uni- 
versity. Through  him  a  negotiation  was  opened 
with  parties  from  the  East  for  a  purchase  of  the 
water-power,  which  culminated  July  Kith,  in  the 
sale  by  Mr.  Steele  of  nine-tenths  of  the  water- 
power  of  St.  Anthony  Falls  to  lion.  Robert  Kan- 
toul,  Caleb  Cushing  and  others  for  twelve 
thousand  dollars,  and  measures  were  at  once 
taken  for  the  erection  of  mills.  Mr.  Ard  Godfrey 
was  secured  from  Maine  to  superintend  the  con- 
struction of  a  mill,  and  arrived  in  the  fall  of 
1847.  Mr.  Jacob  Fisher,  of  St.  Croix,  directed 
the  first  work  in  the  constructinn  of  the  dam 
previous  to  the  arrival  of  Ard  Godfrey. 
During  this  year  John  Rollins,  Calvin  A. 
Tuttle,  Luther  Patch  and  his  son  Edward, 
Sumner  W.  Farnham,  Caleb  D.  Dorr,  Robert  W. 
Cummings,  Charles  W.  Stimpson,  R.  P.  Russell, 
John  McDonald,  Samuel  Ferrald,  Joseph  and 
William  R.  Marshall,  Daniel  Stanchfield  and 
others  arrived.  Luther  Patch  brought  his  wife 
and  two  daughters,  wlio  were  the  first  resident 
white  women  at  St.  Anthony.  Calvin  Tuttle 
also  brought  his  family.  R.  P.  Russell  brought 
a  stock  of  goods  from  the  Fort,  wliere  he  had 
been  since  1839,  and,  in  connection  with  Mr. 
Tuttle,  opened  a  small  store,  the  first  in  St.  An- 
thony, in  a  room  of  the  log  house  on  Mr.  Steele's 
claim,  occupied  at  the  same  time  as  a  residence 
by  Luther  Patch  and  family.  Under  these  favor- 
able circumstances  for  acquaintance,  it  is  not 
surprising  that  tliis  history  rci-onls  tlic  marriage 
of  Mr.  Russell  and  Miss  Patch  October  3d.  1S4S, 
the  first  wedding  in  SI.  Anthony. 

In  the  spring  of  1849,  William  R.  Marshall, 
afterward  Governor  of  the  state,  estaljlished  a 
small  store  in  company  with  his  brother  Jo- 
seph M.,  in  a  building  on  Main  street, 
next  above  the  former  residence  of  John 
Rollins.  Disregarding  the  small  stock  of 
goods  kept  as  stated  in  a  jirivate  lu>use 
by  Mr.  Russell,  this  is  called  by  Gov.  Marshall 


362 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


the  first  store  in  St.  Antliniiy.  In  the  fall  of  the 
same  year  .Mr.  H.  P.  Uussell  and  his  parliier.  Mr. 
Crullendeii,  opened  a  store  on  Main  street  above 
the  end  of  the  present  bridge;  counting  Marshall's 
first,  this  was  the  second  store.  John  G.  Lennon 
opened  the  next  in  coniu-clion  with  the  American 
Fur  Company,  P.  Choteau  &  Co.,  whose  main 
office  was  in  New  York,  with  a  branch  at  St. 
Louis,  also  located  on  Main  street.  In  1851, 
John  II.  Stevens  opened  a  store  in  connection 
with  Mr.  Steele,  under  the  name  of  John  H. 
Stevens  and  Company. 
In  the  fall  of  is  J9  the  lirst  steps  in  Inniberin!;  were 
taken  and  a  };ang  of  men  sent  up  the  Mississippi 
river  to  Swan  river,  by  Mr.  Steele,  to  secure  timber 
for  the  proposed  mill.  They  paid  the  Sioux  chief, 
IIole-in-tlie-I)ay,  two  hundred  dollars  for  fifty 
sticks  of  hewed  timber.  This  timber  was  caught 
at  Pike  Hai)ids,  nine  miles  above  Sauk  liapids, 
and  frozen  in,  hut  was  mostly  secured  as  it  came 
down  in  the  spring.  A  gang  sent  up  Rum  River 
to  obtain  limber  for  the  dam  were  even  more  un- 
fortunate, for  their  logs  were  frozen  in  at  tlie 
nioutli  of  Rum  River,  and  wholly  lo.st  in  tlie  spring 
freshet,  involving  a  loss  of  $8,000.  The  work 
must,  liowever,  go  on  during  the  winter,  and 
the  lieautiful  maple  and  elm  groves  on  XicoUet 
and  Ilemicpin  Islands  were  ruthlessly  sacrificed 
to  furnish  the  lumber  reijuisite.  A  block-house 
was  built  that  fall,  near  the  end  of  the  present 
stone-arch  bridge  leading  to  Nicollet  Island,  which 
was  called  llie  •■  Old  Mess-house,"  for  the  men 
eniploye<i  on  the  dam  dining  the  winter,  and  Da- 
vid (iorham  acted  in  the  cai)acity  of  cook.  Ard 
(Joilficy.  who  also  brought  his  family,  lived  in  a 
comfoi'tabli'  house  near  the  mill,  situated  on  what 
is  now  Main  Street,  just  below  the  falls.  Mis 
daughter  llatlie  was  the  lirst  white  child  boni  at 
St.  Anthony. 

The  winter  of  1817  8  was  fraught  with  inisloi- 
luiies  to  the  settlers.  The  boat  in  which  their 
supplies  from  the  Kast  were  conveyed  was  sunk 
in  the  Krie  Canal.  The  hardware,  of  which  they 
were  greatly  in  need,  was  wholly  lost.  This 
caused  great  scarcity  of  tools  with  which  Id  cany 
forward  tlii'ir  building.  The  wilder  was  severe, 
and  provisions  were  scarce  and  high.  Women 
weri!  t<K)  few  to  do  the  cooking,  and  men  were 
forced  to  act  as  cooks  an>l  housekeepers.  The  old 
government  saw-mill  was  ii  poor  affair  and  worked 


slowly  ;  its  utmost  capacity  was  but  three  or  four 
hundred  feet  per  day.  and  the  settlers  were  forced 
to  bring  hiniher  from  tlie  St.  Croix.  Worst  of  all, 
Raiiidul  and  Cushing  failed  to  meet  theu'  pay- 
inents,and  when  their  jiajier  caiiii'  back  protested, 
it  was  a  source  of  great  emhanassnient  to  Mr. 
Steele,  and,  as  all  depended  on  him,  to  the  whole 
settlement,  its  effects  continued  to  be  felt  for  some 
time.  In  spite  of  all  difficulties,  Mr.  Steele's  mill 
began  to  run  in  the  spring  of  1848,  and  many  of 
the  inconveniences  disappeared.  Man>'  new  set- 
tlers came  in,  and  new  houses  were  rapidly  built. 
The  first  built  from  the  new  lumber  were  one  for 
JSIis.  Iluse.  and  part  of  that  occupied  by  Richard 
Rogers,  built  by  Washington  Getchell :  also  one 
built  by  him  for  his  own  residence. 


CHAPTER    LA'ir. 

DESCRIPTION    OF    SCENKKY    IN    1847— GOVERN- 
MENT   LAND   SALES SUIIVEYS OKOANIZA- 

TION  OK  TEKUITOUY— LITEUAUY  AND   SOCIAL 
INSTITUTIONS— EVENTS  OF  1849-50. 

The  early  explorers,  visitors  ami  |iionccrsettlers 
have  vied  with  each  other  in  extolling  the  beau- 
ties of  this  region  in  its  original  glory.  We  have 
Father  llcnii('|iiirs  and  Jonathan  Carver's  de- 
scriptions at  an  early  day,  and  in  later  times 
novelists  and  |)oets  have  immortalized  its  scenery. 
It  will  be  ajipropriate  to  this  history  to  give 
briefly  the  impressions  produced  upon  the  pioneer 
settlers  who  arrived  in  the  fall  dl  lsl7.just  at 
the  time  the  work  on  the  dam  coiiinicnced,  and 
hcf'ciic  the  beauties  as  (iiid  made  them  had  been 
niancil  by  llii-  hand  (it  man.  and  at  the  same 
tiliie  give  a  picture  of  the  si'ttlement  at  this  date 
which  jiropeiiy  belongs  to  this  chapter. 

Visitors  arriving  on  fool,  the  usual  iiiode  of 
travel  in  those  ilays.  obtained  their  first  view  of 
the  Palls  of  St.  .\ntlioiiy  from  the  high  ground 
where  the  Cniversity  now  stands.  At  this  point 
they  would  halt  spell  bound,  and  reclining  on  the 
green  giiiss  take  in  the  magnificent  view.    The 


SCENERY  IK  1847. 


363 


fall  was  the  cenh'al  figure,  where  the  mighty 
Father  of  Waters  leaps  over  the  limestone  rocks 
twenty-five  or  thirty  feet  to  the  foot  of  tlie  preci- 
pice, extending  in  nearly  a  straiglit  line  from 
Hennepin  Island  to  the  east  bank,  forming  a 
gentle  cm-ve  from  the  island  to  the  west  bank. 
The  roaring  of  the  fall  seemed  to  threaten  the 
solid  land,  hnt  tlie  rainbmv  of  promise  beckoned 
on  tlie  traveler,  inviting  liis  approacli  and  liolding 
out  rich  rewards.  Jnst  below  the  falls,  but  in  the 
midst  of  their  spray,  was  a  little  green  island 
called  "  Spirit  Island."  An  old  Indian  legend 
makes  it  the  abode  of  an  Indian  mother  who 
threw  herself  with  her  child  into  the  river  and 
went  down  into  the  seetliing  water  in  anguish  of 
heart  because  her  lord  and  master  l)roughl  a  new 
wife  into  the  wigwam.  Tlie  banks  and  the 
islands  were  covered  with  beautiful  evergreens. 
At  the  right,  the  banks  slope  gently  fn>m  tlie 
high  land  above  to  the  bank  of  the  stream,  wliile 
still  farther  to  the  right,  above  the  rising  ground, 
was  a  level  expanse  varied  by  clusters  of  oaks  of 
low  growth  which  gave  the  appearance  of  an  old 
orchard.  Still  further  as  a  back-gi'oimd,  extend- 
ing as  far  as  tlie  eye  could  reach,  a  line  of  low 
bluffs.  On  the  left  was  spread  out  a  beautiful 
rolling  prairie  covered  with  a  wild  luxuriance  of 
grass  and  flowers,  wliile  on  the  bank  near  tlie 
falls  appeared  a  low  pile  of  limestone,  which 
proved  on  api>roach  to  be  the  old  government  mill 
that  grinds  a  little  corn  and  saws  a  little  lumber 
in  a  nule  and  primitive  maimer.  At  tliis  time 
tlie  falls  were  nearly  perpendicular,  and  tliat  of  the 
main  cliannel  many  hundred  feet  lower  down 
than  tlie  present  fall.  Spirit  Island,  now  almost 
washed  away,  was  then  of  considerable  size  and 
covered  with  wood,  and  only  a  little  way  below 
the  main  fall.  Cataract,  Hennepin  and  Nicollet 
Islands  were  densely  wooded.  Opposite  tlie  falls, 
but  a  little  removed  from  the  bank  on  the  east 
side,  stood  the  log  cal)in  of  Mr.  Steele,  with  a 
few  acres  of  corn  growing  near  it,  at  wliat  is  now 
the  corner  of  Second  Avenue  Soutli  and  Main 
Street,  East  Division. 

Tlie  block  liouse  tlien  building,  Pierrie  Botti- 
neau's house  on  the  bank  of  the  river  above  the 
head  of  Nicollet  Island,  Calvin  A.  Tuttle's  claim 
shanty  near  tlie  ravine  nortli  of  tlie  University, 
and  two  or  tln-ee  French  sipiatter's  cabins  were 
all  that  marked  the  presence  of  man.    Mr.  Luther 


Patch,  with  two  interesting  daughters,  Marion 
and  Cora,  were  living  in  the  old  log  house  of  Mr. 
Steele.  The  former  soon  became  Mrs.  K.  P. 
Russell,  and  tlie  latter  Mrs.  Joseph  M.  Marshall. 
At  this  date  Saint  Paul,  whicli  soon  after  assumed 
the  position  of  tlie  commercial  centre  for  the 
North-west,  was  little  in  advance  of  this  poor 
showing  for  Saint  Antliony,  and  shrewd  men 
whose  wit  often  comes  afterward,  now  assert 
that,  as  tlie  Mississippi  is  easily  navigable  to  a 
point  three  miles  below  the  Falls  of  Saint  An- 
thony, if  tlie  claim  held  in  1847  liy  Denoyer,  three 
miles  down  the  river,  had  became  the  property 
of  such  men  as  built  up  Saint  Paul  and  Minne- 
apolis, the  commercial  center  might  liave  been 
made  there,  and  tints  brouglit  in  close  proximity 
to  what  God  ordained  sliould  be  tlie  manufactur- 
ing centre.  Had  this  liappened,  doubtless  this 
dual  city  would  long  since  liave  become  by  the 
union  of  tliree,  a  city  of  more  tlian  one  hundred 
thousand  inhabitants,  with  vastly  greater  wealth 
than  the  present  aggregate  of  all. 

It  must  lie  borne  in  mind  that  up  to  tliis  time 
these  lands  still  belonged  to  tlie  United  States 
government.  No  survey  had  been  made  and  no 
title  to  the  land  had  been  or  could  be  conveyed 
until  sucli  survey  was  made  and  recorded.  Set- 
tlements, tlierefore,  previous  to  tliis  were  simply 
squatters'  claims,  and  transfers  of  claims  hereto- 
fore, had  been  in  anticipation  of  the  survey  and 
government  land  sale.  Tlie  sale  took  place  in 
1848  and  tlie  lands  were  entered  by  the  several 
claimants  at  the  government  iirice,  one  dollar 
and  a  quarter  per  acre.  Tlie  riglits  of  each  were 
strictly  regarded  altliougli  it  was  now  certain 
that  the  claims  were  (|uite  valuable.  It  would 
further  appear  that  sonir  of  tlie  claims  adjoining, 
or  near  Mr.  Steele's  were  lield  by  tlie  claimants 
under  a  contract  with  Mr.  Steele,  or  were  lioiiglil 
by  him  immediately  after  tlie  survey  and  entry, 
for,  lie  is  represented  as  tiaving  olitained  at  tlie 
government  V'l'ice,  a  tract  extending  from  wliere 
the  bridge  now  is  "to  the  northern  limits  of  llie 
village,  and  another  at  the  iqiper  end  of  the  town 
and  the  island  called  Boom  Island."  From  tlie 
fact  tliat  titles  and  transfers  about  this  time 
appear  a  little  mixed,  it  is  inferred  that  measures 
were  taken  by  Mr.  Steele  to  cover  such  lands  as 
he  tlionglit  most  valuable.  l)y  employing  others 
to  hold  them  until  under  the  color  of  purchase  • 


361 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


the  claims  were,  according  to  previous  contract, 
transferred  to  liiin. 

In  the  spring  of  1848.  as  stated  above,  Mr. 
Steele's  mill  was  complete  ;inil  ruiming  two  single 
.sii.sh  siiws.  During  this  year  .Mr.  Cheever  platted 
and  laid  out  a  town  where  he  first  located,  near 
the  present  site  of  the  University.  This  seems 
to  have  been  a  year  of  preparation  for  the  incom- 
ers of  1849,  who  came  in  considerable  numbers; 
but  the  character  of  the  men  was  of  greater  sig- 
nificance than  tlieir  numbers;  such  men  as  Col. 
John  II.  Stevens,  Judge  Bradley  B.  Meeker,  Dr. 
Jolin  H.  Minpliy.  the  Getchells.  Farnhams.  etc., 
etc. 

In  the  spring  of  this  year  Wm.  H.  Mar- 
shall, afterward  Governor  of  the  state,  came  to 
reslile  at  St.  Antliony.  He  had  visited  liere  in 
the  fall  of  1847,  at  which  time  he  made  a  claim 
in  the  rear  of  what  is  now  the  upper  town,  and 
cut  logs  for  a  cabin,  but  could  find  no  team  to 
draw  them  together,  and  abandoned  the  claim  for 
uwie  promising  employment  on  the  St.  Croix 
Kiver.  On  his  return,  in  the  spring  of  1849,  he 
secured  his  old  claim  and  erected  his  house. 
Tiiis  subse(piently  formed  Marshall's  addition  to 
St.  Anthony. 

Mr.  Steele,  in  further  )ire]ianition  for  new- 
comers, employed  Wm.  H.  Marshall  to  survey 
into  blocks  and  lots  the  town  site  of  St.  Anthony. 
Mr.  S.  l-".  Folsom  had  begun  a  survey  previously, 
but  it  was  not  completed  and  wa.s  supei'seded  by 
the  new  survey.  Gov.  Marshall  states  tlial  be 
tried  to  secure  generous-sized  lots  and  wide 
streets.  Tlie  lots  were  made  sixty-six  feet  front 
by  one  hundred  and  sixty-live  feet  in  depth,  and 
till?  sireels  all  eighty  feet  wide  except  Main  street, 
wliieli  wa.s  made  one  hundred  feet.  Mr.  IJolli- 
neau,  who  had  never  seen  a  city,  and  had  a  very 
imperfect  conception  of  one,  or  the  use  of  all 
this  nicasurcnient,  for,  since  he  had  never  learned 
to  read,  he  bad  never  n  a  1  of  a  city,  after  listening 
to  the  convei-sation  of  the  land  speculators,  di- 
rected .\Ir.  .Marshall  to  take  his  land  and  lix  it 
like  the  others,  or  do  as  he  phased  with  it. 

From  this  year,  dates  llie  real  ^rmwlh  of  St, 
Anthony.  In  a<lilition  to  tlmsi'  mi-ntloMcil  aliove, 
we  find  lion.  J.  \V.  .North.  John  (i.  I>ennon.  J.  P. 
Wilson,  and  twenty  more  of  names  that  have  be- 
come of  great  interest  in  comieclion  with  the  de- 
velopmeut  of  the  city.    Thisjearwasa  time  of 


general  stir  and  prosperity.  JSIr.  Steele  started 
two  more  saws.  Anson  Nortlniiii  began  the  St. 
Charles  hotel.  About  this  time  ^Ir.  Steele 
sold  to  Arnold  W.  Taylor,  of  Boston,  an  undi- 
vided half  interest  in  his  property  at  the  Falls, 
for  S20,(»)0.  This  proved  subseiiuently  a  damage 
to  the  settlement,  for  Mr.  Taylor,  an  eccentric 
old  man,  could  not  agree  with  any  one,  and  two 
years  after,  Mr.  Steele  thought  himself  fortunate 
in  buying  back  the  property  for  .'?2o.000.  Litiga- 
tions growing  out  of  this  transaction  were  pro- 
ductive of  evil,  and  retarded  the  growth  of  the 
city.  The  population  did  not  exceed  three  hun- 
dred. Near  the  river  \\ere  most  of  the  newly 
built  houses,  unpainted,  but  fresh  and  bright 
from  the  recently  sawn  liunber,  while  back  from 
the  river  were  log  houses  already  stained  by  the 
hand  of  time.  During  the  year  the  territory 
was  organized  in  Jmie,  in  accordance  with 
an  act  of  congress  passed  March  3d,  1849. 
The  area  embraced  in  the  territory  was 
nearly  doulile  that  of  tlie  i)n'sent  state. 
Pursuant  to  a  i)roclamation  of  the  governor, 
courts  were  organized  for  tlie  territory  of  Min- 
nesota in  August.  The  President  api)ointed 
Aaron  Goodrich,  Daniel  Cooper,  and  Bradley  B. 
Meeker,  .judges  in  the  several  districts.  Judge 
Meeker  ri  moved  at  this  time  from  Kentucky  to 
St.  AntlioMN .  anil  liclil  his  first  court  in  the  old 
govenuuenl  mill,  August  20th,  1849,  with  Frank- 
lin Steele,  foreman  of  the  grand.jury.  John  Roll- 
ins was  elected  to  the  TerriUu-ial  Council,  and 
William  H.  Marshall,  to  the  House  of  Uepresen- 
tatives  from  St.  .\ullioiiy.  and  William  Dugas 
from  Little  Canada,  which  was  united  with  St. 
Anthony,  in  the  same  representative  district.  At 
the  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  at  St.  Paul, 
which  had  been  made  temporary  capital  by  the  act 
organizing  the  territory,  a  bill  was  introduced  to 
make  it  llie  peiinaiicnt  capital.  This  biil  was 
opposed  1)>  .Mr.  .Marshall  and  others,  and  a  vig- 
orous, though  ineltectiial  allenipl  was  made  to 
locate  it  at  St.  .\nlliony.  The  struggle  was  aided 
by  a  fore-runner  of  •' .\ast "  who  caricatured  it 
li>  a  picture  iil  a  liiiildiiig.  representing  a  Capilnl 
on  wheels  with  ropes  attached  by  means  of  which 
Mr.  .Marshall  was  tugging  away,  endeavoiing  to 
drag  the  building  oil,  while  IJronson,  Jackson  and 
others  of  St.  Paul  were  pulling  back  and  blocking 
the  wheels,  with  humorous  and  laconic  speeches  is- 


POST-OFFICE  AKD  SCHOOL-HOUSE. 


365 


suing  from  their  moutlis.  The  struggle,  however, 
led  ultimately  to  the  establishment  of  the  Uni- 
versity at  St.  Anthony  as  a  partial  equivalent. 
During  this  year,  the  first  post-office  was  estab- 
lished in  a  small  office  building  belonging  to  ^Ir. 
Steele,  with  Ard  Godfrey  as  postmaster.  Cap- 
tain John  Rollins  ran  a  passenger  wagon  occa- 
sionally to  St.  Paul,  but  Mr.  Godfrey  had  no  reg- 
ular mail-carrier  until  the  next  year,  1850,  when 
Powers  and  Willoughby  established  a  line  of 
daily  stages  between  St.  Paul  and  St.  Anthony. 
In  1849,  iSIr.  Godfrey  obtained  the  mail  at  u-reg- 
ular  intervals  as  he  could  from  St.  Paul. 

It  had  previously  been  a  matter  of  serious  mo- 
ment, and  attended,  too,  with  much  apprehension 
to  perceive  the  approach  of  a  long  cold  winter,  in 
a  country  where  few  of  the  necessaries  of  life 
were  produced,  where  the  settlers  were  depen- 
dent on  supplies  brought  from  a  distance  by 
means  of  very  uncertain  and  in-egular  communi- 
cation, where  few  were  able  to  secure  large  stores 
in  advance,  and  were  lialile  to  be  cut  off  for 
weeks  together  from  conununicating  with  the 
outside  world.  In  tlie  winter  of  1849,  social  en- 
joyments began,  as  the  direct  result  of  increased 
population,  and  the  arrival  of  educated  and  agreea- 
ble people  as  well  as  better  houses  and  more  of 
the  luxiunes  of  life.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  North  lived  in 
a  house  near  the  center  of  Xicollet  Island.  Their 
approach  was  by  a  (loating  bridge,  formed  by  the 
accumulation  of  logs  for  the  mills,  except  when 
the  ice  of  winter,  bridged  the  entire  river.  Mrs. 
North  had  a  piano,  the  first  at  the  falls,  and 
weekly  meetings  were  held  at  the  house  for  read- 
mg,  conversation  and  music,  ilr.  ^larshall  pro- 
cured the  passage  of  a  bill  incorporating  a  library 
association,  and  nearly  two  hundred  volumes  were 
obtained,  and  thus  the  first  public  library  in  Min- 
nesota, was  founded.  A  course  of  public  lectiu'es 
was  instituted  during  the  winter;  the  lecturers 
were  Hon.  M.  S.  Wilkinson,  Gen.  R.  W.  John- 
ston, then  Lieutenant  at  Fort  Snelling,  Rev. 
Father  Gear,  Rev.  E.  D.  Neill,  Elder  Cha\mcey 
Hobart,  Putnam  P.  Bishop  and  others.  In  the 
summer  of  1849,  the  first  public  school  was  op- 
ened, in  a  small  logslianty  by  Miss  Electa  I5achns. 
In  the  fall  a  small  school-house  was  built,  the 
first  within  the  present  limits  of  Hennepin  county. 
During  the  winter  following.  Rev.  E.  D.  Xeill,  of 
St.  Paul,  preached  every  other  Sunday  afternoon, 


in  this  school-house.  He  stated  that  his  congre- 
gation was  larger  at  St.  Anthony  than  at  St. 
Paul,  where  he  also  preached  in  the  morning. 

Rev.  E.  D.  Neill  delivered  the  first  lecture  in  the 
course,  in  the  winter  of  1849.  The  lectures  were 
given  in  the  school-house.  Referring  to  this 
course  of  lectures  in  an  address  before  the  Old 
Settlers  Association,  Mr.  Neill  said  : 

"  Allusion  has  been  made  to  the  first  course  of 
lectures  given  at  the  Falls,  the  introductor>-  to 
which  was  delivered  under  difficulties.  It  was 
announced  that  the  course  would  open  on  the 
night  of  December  26th,  1849.  The  lecturer  had 
dined  at  the  residence  of  one  of  the  best  educated 
and  most  energetic  men  of  the  Upper  Mississippi 
Valley,  the  late  Charles  W.  Borup,  then  residing 
at  Mendota.  After  a  late  dinner,  Doctor  Borup, 
with  his  sleigh  and  a  jiair  of  spirited  horses, 
started  with  the  lecturer  for  the  Falls. 

"  It  took  but  a  few  minutes  to  reach  the  Fort, 
but  after  its  walls  were  passed  it  was  dark,  and 
fresh  snow  had  obscured  the  path,  which  was  sel- 
dom traveled.  Soon  tlie  horses  carried  the  sleigh 
into  the  cellar  of  a  house  that  had  been  destroyed, 
but  they  quicldy  clambered  out.  At  last  the  old 
government  mill  was  reached,  and  the  horses  cau- 
tiously descended  the  bluff,  to  the  frozen  river. 
The  cakes  of  ice  were  jammed  perpendicularly, 
and  there  were  long  hollows  between,  and  as 
the  sleigh  v^-ould  pass  over,  the  ice-hillocks  would 
break  down  with  a  loud  crash,  and  more  tlian 
once  the  thought  arose  upon  the  part  of  the  occu- 
pants, whether  the  sleigh  would  halt  before  it 
touched  bottom.  After  slow  and  cautious  driving, 
the  east  side  of  Hennepin  Island  was  reached, 
only  to  find  a  large  air-hole.  Escaping  this  by  a 
long  detoin-,  firm  land  was  touched  once  more, 
and  as  the  sleigh  apiiroached  the  scliool-house 
Jolui  Rollins  met  it,  and  in  a  very  kind  voice,  but 
at  the  time  it  seemed  a  cool  way,  told  the  lecturer 
he  was  about  ten  miiuites  too  late,  and  that  the 
audience  had  gone  home.  Sadiler,  if  not  wiser 
and  '-warmer"  men,  the  horses  were  turned 
around,  and  driver  and  lecturer  reached  Mendota 
at  bed  time.  Tlie  people  of  the  Falls  were  still 
determined  to  have  the  lecture,  and  soon  after, 
Wm.  R.  Marshall,  the  late  governor  of  the  State, 
who  had  organized  the  Library  Association,  came 
in  a  sleigh  after  the  lecturer.  In  the  midst  of  a 
heavy  snow-storm  they  ckove  to  St.  Antliony  from 


366 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIK  COUNTY. 


St.  Paul,  and  llic  Ifcture  was  delivered,  and  an 
abiitracl  t)f  it  jmlilislied  as  an  appendix  to  the  first 
address  before  the  Minnesota  Historical  Soeiety." 

This  year,  1849,  was  a  prosperous  one  in  ill  ile- 
partmeiits;  iireparations  were  made  for  the  build- 
ing of  churches.  The  Baptist  Church  was  or- 
ganized in  July,  1850.  through  the  instrumental- 
ity of  J.  P.  Parsons  and  W.  P.  Brown,  and  in 
August,  the  Methodist  liy  Pev.  J.  G.  Putnam  and 
Mr.  Xewcomb.  Tlie  Congregational  Church,  in 
which  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  organized 
in  September,  1850,  was  merged,  was  organized 
Xovember,  1851 ,  with  Rev.  C.  Seccombe  in  charge. 
In  1852,  the  Episcopal  Church  was  organized  by 
Rev.  Dr.  E.  G.  Gear  and  T.  Wilcoxson,  and  the 
Universalist,  by  Rev.  S.  Barnes. 

In  1850  some  events  of  interest  occurred. 
During  tliis  year  several  successful  attempts 
were  made  to  navigate  the  Mississippi  to  St.  An- 
thony, already  mentioned  under  Hennepin 
county.  The  failure  to  establish  regular  com- 
munication induced  some  to  transfer  their  resi- 
dence to  St.  Paul.  A  purse  of  two  hundred  dol- 
lars was  made  up  for  the  "Anthony  Wayne," 
because  she  established  St.  Anthony  as  the  head 
of  navigation.  The  only  dilliculty  was  that  it 
would  not  stay  established. 

In  ItsiO  occurred  the  exciting  election  for  Dele- 
gate to  Congress,  in  which  ilr.,  now  Gov.,  Sibley 
and  Col.  Alexander  M.  Mitchell  were  opposing 
caiKlidales.  Messrs.  Sibley  and  Kice  had  been 
partners  in  the  Inilian  trading  interests  in  con- 
nection with  the  gi-eat  house  of  Pierre  Choleau, 
Jr.,  &  Co.  A  ((uarrel  arose  in  the  fall  of  1849,  in 
consequence  of  which  Mr.  Rice  left  the  firm. 
General  Sibley  was  at  this  time  delegate  to  con- 
gress, and  had  done  good  service  in  securing  the 
passage  of  the  territorial  bill,  but  every  effort  was 
made  by  (iov.  Uice  and  his  supi)orters  to  defeat 
liim  by  juitting  forward  and  supporting  Col. 
Alilchell.  The  fears  and  jealousies  of  the  people 
were  aroused  concerning  the  nmiiopoly  exercised 
by  the  Fur  company,  and  under  tliecry  of  ''Anti- 
monoiK)ly,"  local  issues  were  made  at  St.  An- 
thony that  arrayed  many  unwillingly  against 
(ieneral  Slbh-y.  The  distinguished  novelist, 
Frederica  Bremer,  visited  here  in  1H5(I.  lu  her 
iKMik,  "Homes  in  the  Xew  World,"  .she  makes 
liappy  allusions  to  this  visit.    Mr.  North  and 


others  had  diHicnlty  in  getting  her  across  the 
floating  bridge  to  Xicollet  Island. 

The  tir.st  recorded  survey  of  the  town  of  St. 
Anthony  bears  record  February  23d,  1850,  and 
the  plat  is  entitled  "St.  Anthony  and  Steele  and 
Hassell  .Vddition  to  St.  Anthony,"  by  William 
R.  Marshall.  The  bounds  of  this  plat  are  Fifth 
street  on  the  north-east,  and  the  river  on  the 
south.  Tlic  nld  names  of  the  streets  were  Mar- 
shall. Rollins,  Dacotah  (so  spelled  on  the  plat), 
Todd,  Dana,  Wood,  etc. 

The  original  town  was  laid  out  on  the  south- 
west quarter  of  section  14,  township  29.  range 
24,  west  of  the  4th  principal  meridian.  Marshall's 
Addition,  surveyed  by  AV.  R.  Marshall  June 
18th, 1850,  was  located  on  the  north-west  quarter  of 
section  14.  Orth's  Addition  was  surveyed  May  1st 
1855,  by  L.  P.  Drake,  situated  on  fractional  lot 
number  2  in  section  15.  Bottineau's  first  addi- 
tion bears  no  date;  his  second  is  dated  ^lay  21st, 
1855. 

In  June,  1850,  the  St.  Charles  Hotel  was  com- 
pleted, which  was  Ijpgun  by  Anson  Xorthrup 
the  previous  season.  It  stood  on  Marshall  Street, 
coi-ner  of  Sixth  Avenue  North.  It  was  a  two- 
story  building,  and  had  twenty-five  sleeping- 
rooms,  a  large  dining-hall,  two  large  parlors  and 
a  dancing-hall:  the  accommodations  were  suffi- 
cient for  seventy-flve  guests.  This  building  was 
afterward  burned. 

Among  the  arrivals  of  this  year  were  Allen 
Harmon,  Edwin  Iledderly.  Judge  Isaac  Atwater, 
C.  W.  Christmas,  Joscpli  Dean,  Peter  Poncin, 
Thomas  Chambers,  Edward  Murphy,  George  W. 
Chowen,  Simon  Stevens,  Henry  Cliambers,  W. 
W.  Wales,  John  Wcnsinger.  Warren  Bristol.  J. 
B.  Bassett,  William  Finch  and  otliers. 

Mr.  Chrislmas  was  a  surveyor  and  soon  em- 
ployed. He  replaced  the  stakes  that  had  been 
removed  on  ilr.  (^heever's  claim  at  Cheevertown. 
or  St.  Anthony  City,  as  called  by  Mr.  Cheever. 
Here  a  hotel  was  kei)t.  and  a  remarkable  feature 
was  a  tower  ninety  feel  high  built  for  observa- 
tion, bearing  the  eu))honious  notice,  "Pay  your 
dime  and  climb."  Mr.  Cheever  also  put  in  a  hy- 
draulic; ram  tliat  furnislied  water  to  th.e  stages 
which  passed  his  door.  Another  place  of  public 
resort,  especially  for  Sunday  driving,  was  kept  by 
Stephen  Denoyer  about  three  miles  down   the 


MILLS—FIEST  NEWSPAPEB. 


367 


river.  Cnl.  Allen,  who  now  keeps  the  Merchants 
Hotel  at  St.  Paul,  kept  a  livery  stable  to  provide 
teams  for  business  or  pleasure  driving.  The  dam 
built  in  1847  was  a  low  log  frame,  and  the  experi- 
ence of  two  spring  freshets  had  iiroved  it  inade- 
quate. Hence  it  was  determined  to  raise  the 
dam,  extending  from  Nicollet  Island  to  tlie  east 
bank,  two  feet.  During  the  summer  previous,  a 
temporary  dam  had  been  thrown  across  from  the 
island  to  the  west  bank,  the  main  object  of 
which  was  to  throw  the  current  to  the  east  chan- 
nel. The  contract  for  furnishing  the  timber  for 
the  new  dam  was  made  between  Ard  Godfrey  and 
Pierre  Bottineau  on  January  21st,  18-51.  The  arti- 
cles of  agreement  provided  part  payment  in  oats 
at  60  cents,  corn  at  70  cents,  sugar  at  9J 
cents  and  butter  at  25  cents;  four  dollars 
per  thousand,  board  measure  by  the  St.  Croix 
scale,  was  the  price  specified  for  the  timber,  which 
was  to  be  delivered  by  the  first  of  June.  These 
improvements  were  made  in  contemplation  of 
running  sixteen  saws,  eight  of  which  were  then 
in  operation,  producing  a  total  of  50,000  feet  per 
day.  II.  T.  Welles  afterward  operated  seven  of 
the  eight,  and  had  ?80.000  invested  in  the  lum- 
bering trade  here.  Lath  and  shingles  were  also 
manufactured,  giving  employment  to  more  than 
one  hundred  men.  Farnham  &  Stimson  ojjcrated 
one  saw,  with  about  $6,000  invested  in  the  busi- 
ness. The  .average  price  of  lumber  was  $10.50 
per  thousand.  In  May  of  this  year  a  division  of 
the  Sons  of  Temperance,  Cataract  Lodge  No.  2, 
was  organized.  In  the  winter  of  1850-'51  the 
University  was  located  here,  and  the  citizens  of 
St.  Anthony  raised  S.3,000  by  subscription  to- 
ward the  building.  The  St.  Anthony  E.xpress, 
the  first  newspaper,  came  into  life  May  31st,  1851, 
under  the  proprietor,  E.  Tyler,  a  merchant  tailor, 
Judge  Isaac  Atwater  editor,  and  II.  Woodbury 
printer.  The  first  issue  gives  notice  of  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  new  line  of  daily  stages  be- 
tween St.  Anthony  and  St.  Paul  by  Patterson 
and  Benson.  The  rival  stage  routes  cut  down 
the  rates  of  travel  to  their  own  damage  and  the 
advantage  of  the  traveling  public.  Among  the 
items  of  January  3d,  1852,  is  the  notice  of  the  ar- 
rival of  N.  AV.  Kittson,  J.  Roulette  and  Mr. 
Grignon  from  Pembina  in  sixteen  days  by  dog 
train,  a  journey  of  six  hundred  miles.  The 
question  is  asked,  "How  long  will  it  be  before  we 


have  daily  communication  with  Pembina  by  rail- 
road?" and  adds,  "We  will  venture  to  say  within 
the  next  dozen  years,"  a  prediction  that  came 
nearer  fulllllment  than  the  readers  of  the  Ex- 
press then  anticipated.  The  temperance  element 
of  the  place  seems  to  have  been  in  the  ascend- 
ancy at  that  time,  for  the  same  paper  in  its  issue 
of  Febniary  7th,  1852,  says:  "There  is  not  a 
gambling  institution,  or  a  drinking  saloon,  or  a 
whisky  grocery,  or  a  grog  shop  in  town.  We  have 
no  room  for  those  who  frequent  such  places." 


CHAPTER  LVIII. 

CniI'PEW,\S   AND   SIOUX    AT    FORT    SNELLING — 
REMOVAL  OF    WINNEBAGOES— ATTACHED  TO 

HENNEPIN     COUNTY INCORPORATED    AS    A 

CITY — FERRIE.S   AND   BRIDGES. 

In  1857,  a  little  pamphlet  w'as  issued  by  Thomas 
Hale  Williams,  city  clerk  for  many  years,  from 
which  we  quote  to  show  the  condition  of  the  city  at 
tliat  time  and  to  show  the  growth  and  imi)rove- 
ment  during  the  first  twenty  years  of  its  exist- 
ence. It  will  be  necessary  for  this  history  to 
pass  over  many  events  of  the  intervening  years 
which  were  full  of  interest,  as  rapid  growth  and 
development  continued,  in  order  to  hasten  to  the 
other  side  of  the  river,  where  events  were  trans- 
piring worthy  of  our  notice.  Mr.  Williams' 
pampldet  states  tliat  the  estimated  capacity 
of  the  saws  then  in  operation  along  Main  Street 
was  20,000.000  feet  per  annum,  besides  13,000 
shingles  and  20,000  lath  daily. 

Another  shingle-mill,  on  Cataract  Island,  was 
estimated  at  2,500,00ii  jicr  annum.  I).  W.  Marr 
had  a  steam  saw-mill  nniniug  in  the  upper  town, 
driven  by  an  engine  of  150  horse  power,  with  an 
estimated  capacity  of  25,000  feet  per  day.  A 
machine  factory,  for  turning  iron  and  wood-work, 
was  located  below  the  falls,  in  whicli  was  also 
mamifactured  bedsteads,  sash,  doors,  and  liliuds. 
On  Hennepin  Island  was  the  (louring-mill  of  Rol- 
lins, Upton  and  Eastman,  and  another  about  half 
the  capacity,  near  the  saw-mill.   Another  shuigl« 


368 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


and  blind  factory  was  built  in  18o7,  on  Hennepin 
Island,  by  H.  C.  Morrison.  On  the  west  side  of 
Hennepin  Island,  Messi-s.  Rogere,  Stimson,  Kent 
and  Co.  erected  a  two-story  stone  building,  sixty 
feet  square,  with  which  another,  fifty  by  eighty 
feet,  was  coiniected.  for  ihe  manufacture  of  sash, 
doors,  blinds,  mouldings,  and  other  inside  finish- 
ings. Two  planing-mills  and  several  saws  were 
attached,  altogether,  willi  tlie  building,  costing 
about  $30,0(10.  This  establisbnient  is  now  used 
as  a  paper  manufactory.  The  amount  of  logs 
brought  down  the  river  that  season  was  estimated 
at  l.")(i.(MiO,OiiO  feet. 

Tlic  University  was  in  process  of  building,  the 
part  then  under  contract  to  cost  §49,000.  A  high 
school  or  private  academy  was  in  session,  under 
the  direction  of  II.  H.  Taylor.  The  Baptist, 
Episcopal,  Congregational,  Methodist,  and  Cath- 
olic societies  had  church  edifices,  and  an  elegant 
stone  churcii  was  building  by  the  Universalists. 
The  Winslow  House  was  also  building,  and  its 
completion  the  following  spring  was  looked  for- 
ward to  with  great  interest.  Its  cost  was  esti- 
mated at  Siod.ooo,  and  the  opinion  expressed  that 
it  would  be  surpassed  by  no  house  in  the  United 
Slates,  when  all  its  advantages  are  considered. 
This  city  islill  St.  Anthony)  contanied  one  hun- 
dred and  live  business  places,  imluding  cabinet, 
boot  and  shoe  and  other  shops,  several  real  estate 
dealei-s,  two  surveyors,  two  architects,  two  print- 
ing ollices,  a  number  of  hotels  and  boarding- 
liouses.  ten  lawyers,  and  ciglil  ])hysicians. 

Two  .steamers,  the  II.  M.  Uice  and  Governor 
Ramsey,  were  making  regular  trips  to  Sauk  llap- 
ids  and  intermediate  ixiints.  and  during  the  sea- 
son of  navigatiiin,  botli  were  irowded  with  pas- 
sengers and  freight. 

Oil  one  of  these  tri))s,  the  (ioverudr  lianisey, 
Captain  .lolin  Hollins,  brought  about  ninety  Chip- 
pewas  from  Sauk  Hajiids.  I'rom  tliis  point  they 
proceeded  on  foot  to  Fort  Siielling,  to  meet  tlie 
Sioux  in  council  for  the  purpose  of  effecting  a 
treaty  looking  to  more  peaceful  tribal  relations. 
A  large  awning  had  been  ])rei)ared  at  the  Fort, 
under  which  the  Chippewas  were  ranged,  sitting 
to  await  the  arrival  of  the  Sioux,  who  soon  came 
with  brandish  and  warhke  llourish,  evidently  with 
intent  to  intimidate  their  foes,  for  it  must  be 
lx)rne  in  mind  that,  though  met  for  the  purpose 
Btutcd,  there  never  existed,  and  probably  never 


wiU  exist,  a  true  friendly  feeling  between  these 
two  powerful  tribes.  During  this  demonstration 
the  Chippewas  remained  silent  and  motionless, 
not  a  muscle  of  the  features  of  any  one  moving. 
It  is  staled  by  an  eye  witness,  that  if  the  Chippe- 
was had  stampeded,  as  was  the  evident  design  of 
the  Sioux,  the  latter  would,  without  doubt,  have 
fallen  upon  them  in  indiscriminate  slaughter. 
Failing  in  this,  they  filed  into  place  under  the 
awning,  and  assumed  the  same  stolid  look  as  their 
opponents.  Quite  a  number  of  ladies  were  pres- 
ent on  the  occasion,  which  was  a  matter  of  great 
annoyance  to  the  Sioux  chief.  Little  Crow,  who 
made  known,  through  his  interi)reter.  his  disgust 
at  the  presence,  in  this  "  council  of  braves,''  of 
the  pale-faced  squaws.  At  this  the  Chippewa 
chief,  Ilole-in-the-day,  rose  to  his  feet,  and  with 
a  dignity  and  grace  worthy  of  the  proudest  cour- 
tier, w'aved  his  warriors  aside,  and  invited  the 
ladies  to  seats  upon  his  side.  This  act  gained  for 
the  Chippewa  chieftain  the  highest  favor  of  the 
assemblage. 

In  the  spring  of  18ol,  the  Winnebago  Indians 
were  removed  from  Watal)  to  the  Blue  Earth 
reservation,  and  on  their  way  spent  a  week  at 
St.  Anthony.  During  their  stay  tliey  amused 
the  citizens  by  llieir  dances  and  discordant 
songs,  and  received  in  return  numerous  cold 
lunches,  pennies,  etc.  On  a  Sabbath  morning, 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Creighton  was  holding  religious 
.services  in  the  old  Methodist  Episcopal  church , 
when  a  practical  joker  sent  a  band  of  Wiiineba- 
goes  to  the  church,  telling  tliini  tlie  peojile  who 
lived  there  would  be  pleased  with  tlicir  dance, 
and  would  contribute  liberallv.  The  effect 
upon  the  audience  at  seeing  tlicir  dusky  faces 
peering  in  at  the  windows,  may  be  imagined. 
The  worshiiiers  rushed  out  without  the  ceremony 
of  benediction,  and  discovered  tlie  iiniiosition  too 
late  to  return. 

Thougli  Iniliaiis  were  frequently  seen,  it  was  a 
novel  sii^lit  to  tlie  inhabitants  ot  St.  .Vnthony  to 
see  several  hundred  together.  The  scpiaws  drag- 
ged the  canoes,  about  one  hundred  in  number, 
through  the  streets,  and  wlial  witli  braves, 
squaws,  iiapooscs,  dogs,  and  canoes,  a  sensation 
was  created. 

St.  Anthony  was  detached  from  Ramsey 
county  March  4th,  18.5(1,  and  attached  to  Henne- 
pin for  greater  convenience  of  its  citizens.     We 


FEBBIES  AND  BBIDGE8. 


369 


have  thus  in  the  short  time  covered  by  this  his- 
tory seen  it  described  in  four  counties,  viz:  Craw- 
ford and  St.  Croix  counties.  Territory  of  ^\'isl■o^- 
sin,  and  Ramsey  and  Heniiepin,  :Minnesota. 
Besides  all  these,  in  the  early  days  of  St.  Anthony 
an  attempt  was  made,  after  tlie  organization  of 
Heimepin  county,  to  set  off  a  strip  of  territory 
along  the  river  to  form  the  county  of  St.  An- 
thony. Wiser  minds  saw  the  natural  attachment 
of  tliis  to  Ilennepui  county,  and  to  Captaui  Rol- 
lins, then  in  the  territorial  council,  is  due  the 
ultimate  union  of  St.  ^Vnthony  with  Hennepin 
county. 

As  St.  Antliony  began  to  assume  importance, 
measures  were  taken  to  secure  an  act  of  incorpor- 
ation, and  a  bill  passed  the  legislature  in  18.5o, 
granting  corporate  privileges  to  the  city  of  St. 
Anthony,  describing  its  limits  as  including  what 
lies  east  of  the  river,  of  the  following  sections 
and  parts  of  sections,  viz:  section  10  and  the 
west  half  of  section  11,  sections  13,  14,  15,  23,  24, 
25,  town  29,  range  24,  stating  that  it  shall  con- 
sist of  three  wards;  the  officers  shall  be  a  Mayor 
and  a  board  of  aldermen  consisting  of  six  mem- 
bers. 

At  the  next  session  of  legislature,  1856,  sec- 
tion 25  was  thrown  out  by  an  amendatory  act. 

In  accordance  with  this  act  of  legislature,  the 
cit)'  of  St.  Anthony  came  into  the  sisterhood 
of  cities  in  1860,  and  a  municipal  government 
was  established. 

Many  events  of  great  interest  in  coimection 
with  the  growth  and  development  of  St.  An- 
thony, appear  in  the  history  of  the  county  and  are 
inextricably  intermingled  with  the  early  history 
of  Minneapolis.  To  these  we  must  therefore  re- 
fer the  reader  for  fuller  details,  while  many  more 
will  appear  in  the  histories  of  the  manufactories, 
and  biographies  of  individuals,  and  if,  after  all, 
facts  that  some  may  deem  essential,  are  omitted, 
indulgence  is  entreated,  because  events,  in  cities 
of  such  rapid  growth,  crowd  on  each  other  so  as 
to  compel  the  omission  of  some. 

FERRIES  AND  BRIDGES. 

We  desire,  now,  to  cross  the  river  to  investi- 
gate the  settlement,  gi'owth  and  progress  there, 
but  before  we  advance  further  it  will  be  interest- 
ing to  recall  the  first  method  of  crossing  and  fol- 
24 


low  up  the  improvements,  by  a  sketch  of  ferries 
and  bridges. 

The  first,  and  for  a  long  time  the  oidy  means, 
of  crossing  the  Mississippi  at  this  point,  was  by 
fording  on  the  ledge  at  the  foot  of  Nicollet  Island, 
which  could  be  performed  only  at  low  water  and 
before  the  building  of  the  dam.  The  cin-rent 
was  very- swift  and  horses  req\ured  shoes  to  hold 
on  the  rocks  and  avoid  slipping.  At  Boom  Island 
^he  current  was  less  rapid,  and  here  crossings 
were  made  with  canoes.  One  old  squaw,  who 
netted  fish  and  lived  mostly  on  the  river,  derived 
considerable  income  from  setting  travelers  across 
with  her  canoe. 

In  1847,  Mr.  Steele  established  a  ferry  near  the 
site  of  the  present  suspension  bridge,  from  Nicol- 
let Island  to  the  west  shore.  Teams  were  still 
compelled  to  follow  the  ledge  in  crossing  the 
eastern  channel  to  the  foot  of  Nicollet  Island, 
and  thence  up  the  Island  to  the  ferry,  which  con- 
sisted of  a  flat  boat  with  posts  near  each  end, 
over  which  a  large  rope  or  cable  was  drawn, 
fastened  at  each  end  to  the  banks  of  the  stream. 
The  cable  served  a  double  purpose,  preventing 
the  drifting  down  stream,  and  affording  a  means 
for  hauling  the  boat  across.  R.  P.  Russell,  Mr. 
Steele's  agent,  took  charge  of  the  ferry,  at  first 
employing  Dubey  to  operate  the  boat.  Edgar 
Folsoni  arrived  late  in  the  fall  of  1847,  and  the 
following  siunmer  took  charge  of  the  ferry  and 
ran  it  one  season;  after  this,  Cajitain  Tapper  had 
charge  imtil  the  building  of  the  bridge,  when  he 
assisted  in  that,  afterward  collecting  the  tolls. 

Several  stories  are  told  at  the  expense  of  Mr. 
Folsom  when  in  charge  of  the  ferry.  Once,  be- 
fore he  had  become  familiar  with  the  operation, 
he  lost  patience  with  the  man  running  the  boat 
because  he  did  not  obey  his  orders,  and  cast  the 
rope  off  one  of  the  posts  to  esc'ape  a  blockade  of 
ice  that  was  straining  the  rope  like  a  bow-cord. 
Seizing  it  himself,  he  cast  it  off,  but  was  hurled 
more  than  twenty  feet  on  the  rough  ice  by  the  re- 
bound of  the  cable.  In  another  instance,  a 
daughter  of  Reuben  Bean,  who  had  located  on 
the  west  side,  was  out  in  a  canoe  on  the  river, 
being  quite  skillful  in  its  use,  from  experience  on 
the  Illinois  river,  the  former  home  of  the  family, 
but  striking  the  cable  of  tlie  ferry,  she  was  upset 
and  in  some  danger.  Folsom  hastened  to  her  re- 
lief and  after  extricating  her  from  her  unforlu- 


370 


HISIOBY  OF  HENKEPIN  COUNIY. 


nate  situation  demanded  the  damsers  hand  as 
remuneration  for  liis  gallantry,  but  she  thinking 
the  demand  too  high,  exclaimed.  '■  Put  me  Ijac-k 
on  tlie  terry  rope."  Another  incident  that  oc- 
curred near  the  ferry,  but  later,  wliile  Captain 
Tapper  was  in  charge,  came  near  proving  fatal  to 
more  tlian  one.  In  this  case.  Simon  Stevens  and 
Captain  .John  Tapjier  went  to  tlie  rescue  of  a  little 
boy  about  seven  years  of  age.  who  was  alone  in  a 
lK)at  floating  rapidly  toward  tlic  tails.  It  a]ipcars 
that  an  older  boy  in  stejijiing  out  of  tlie  boat  had 
lost  hold  of  it.  and  unwittingly  placed  the  little 
fellow  who  was  in  his  charge,  in  jeopard\ .  The 
loud  cries  of  the  older  boy  attracted  the  attention 
of  tlie  rescuers  to  tlie  little  fellow,  who,  with  in- 
nocent unconcern,  was  enjoying  tlie  motion  of  the 
boat.  They  rescued  liim,  tliougli  tliey  were  com- 
pelled to  row  so  near  the  brink  of  the  falls  them- 
selves, that  for  a  moment,  it  was  doubtful  which 
would  be  victorious,  the  strong  cunviil  or  their 
strong  arms.  Tlieir  best  efforts  at  tirst  failed  to 
show  any  gain.  Iml  at  last  inch  by  inch,  they 
pulled  away  from  tlieir  perilous  situation.  Tlie 
little  boy  in  this  stoiy  became  one  of  the  tiusiness 
men  of  this  city,  J.  H.  Pottle,  the  carriage  man- 
ufacturer. The  total  income  of  the  ferry  the 
fii-st  year  was  said  to  be  only  ?S(I0.  It  soon 
proved  inade()uate  to  the  demands,  and  Mr. 
Steele  conceived  the  idea  of  a  suspension  bridge 
and  <-airicd  it  out.  Our  history  has  not  yet 
reached  tlie  west  side,  lint  wc  shall  soon  see.  what 
Mr.  Steele  Sfiw,  a  royal  neighbor  asking  for  a  myal 
passage  across  tlie  stream.  History  informs  us 
tlial  when  C^ueen  Klizalieth  jiidposed  to  honor 
Kennilwortli  Ca.stleby  a  visit,  Leicester  ordered 
a  iiortion  of  the  outer  wall  thrown  down,  and  a 
broad  passage  made,  staling  that  he  had  never 
till  now  had  need  for  a  imrtal  tliat  was  lit  for  the 
pa.ssageof  a(^ueen.  Prankliii  .'Steele  seems  to  have 
had  as  grand  an  idea  of  Minneapolis.  The  un- 
dertaking was  the  more  startling,  as  the  great 
Mississipiii  had  never  been  bridged  from  Lake 
Itasca  tothe(;ulf.  It  was  undertaken  in  18.54,  as 
a  private  enterprise  by  the  MiniieaiHilis  liridge 
Coiiipaiiy,  idiisisling  of  Kranklin  Steele.  II.  T. 
Welles  and  eonipany.  and  was  eight  months 
building,  but  on  lli<-  Mith  of  March  follow- 
ing, it  was  dismantled  li\  a  heavy  gale,  and 
nearly  all  slimmer  consiinied  in  repairing  the 
damage.     .Inly   4th.   ^^y■Vt.  the  first    team    cross- 


ed. It  is  wortliy  of  mention,  that  the  famous 
"  \'ermont  MorriU."  iMven  by  Chester  Mar- 
tin first  crossed  the  bridge.  This  horse  was 
brought  from  Vermont,  when  live  years  old.  to 
St.  AJithoiiy  in  18.55,  and  remained  here  two 
years.  Probably  the  most  celebrated  horse  ever 
rai.sed  in  the  county,  was  the  "Finch"  horse 
sired  by  the  lirsl  horse  that  crossed  the  lirst  bridge 
over  the  Mississippi  river.  Two  years  later  the 
tolls  al  this  bridge  were  estimated  at  $12,500  per 
aiiniini.  A  Ilowe  truss  bridge  wasbuilt  in  18-56-7. 
across  the  river  between  llth  and  12tl)  avenues 
south-east.about  three  rods  above  Bridal  "\'eil  Falls, 
and  was  in  charge  of  Robert  H.  .Jefferson.  Dur- 
ing a  time  of  high  water  in  18,59,  logs  were  caught 
by  the  bridge,  in  consequence  of  its  being  built 
too  low,  and  it  became  a  w  reck.  Calvin  A.  Tut- 
tle  gave  the  right  of  w'ay  to  the  approaches. 

It  will  serve  to  explain  the  distance  between 
the  ferries  and  bridges,  if  we  recall  the  fact 
that  they  were  jirivate  enterprises,  under chaiiers 
obtained  from  the  State,  and  by  the  terms  of 
their  charters,  each  was  protected  against  ojipo- 
sition  by  a  provision  that  no  siniilaii-haiter  sin  mid 
begi-anted  within  a  mile. 

The  government  bridge  across  the  ravine  on 
Third  Street,  and  another  connecting  Main  Street 
with  Hennepin  Island,  and  still  another  connect- 
ing Main  Street  with  Nicollet  Island  were  built 
]irevious  to  18.57.  and  at  this  date  a  bridge  was 
building  across  the  ^Mississippi,  about  a  mile  be- 
low the  Siisiiension  Bridge,  by  the  .Minnesota 
ihidge  Coiiiiiany.at  a  cost  of  So.'.iKKl.  In  18.5i;-8 
a  wooden  bridge  was  built  across  the  east  chan- 
nel, wliicli  was  repaired  and  replaced  by  other 
similar  strncliires.  This  obviated  the  necessity 
of  fording  the  river,  as  had  been  necessary  iire- 
vioiisly.  The  wooden  bridge  was  rejilaced  in 
187K  by  the  lu'eseiit  stone-arch  bridge.  The  rail- 
idacl  liiiclgeof  llic  SI.  rail!.  .MiniicaiHilis  ..V  Mani- 
toba Railway  was  conslnicted  in  Isiis  at  a  cost 
of  :i7.5.(Hili  by  the  St.  Paul  iV  Pacilic  Railroad 
C(inipan>.  .\  diaw-bridgc  wasbuilt  near  ( )rlli"s 
brewery,  which  remaine<l  in  use  about  six  years. 
.Ml  these  were  loll  bridges  except  tluil  replaced 
by  the  stone-ardi  bridge.  The  upper  and  Inwcr 
bridges  now  in  use  were  built  in  187 1,  by  the 
King  Bridge  Coiniian.N  nt  'rnpcka.  Kansas.  The 
Suspension  Bridge  was  imnhased  b_\  the  county 
from   Fraiikhn  Steele  and   made  a  free  bridge. 


THE  WEST  SIDE. 


371 


The  present  Suspension  Bridge  was  built  in  1876 
and  is  the  pride  of  the  city.  Its  brealiing  strain 
is  estimated  at  4,980,000  pounds;  total  strengtli 
of  all  the  cables,  10,90o.07:2  pounds.  The  main 
cables  are  nine  inches  in  diameter  and  swing  in- 
ward about  six  feet.  The  outside  cables  sup- 
porting the  walks  are  three  and  one-half  inches 
in  diameter  and  swing  inward  about  eleven  inch- 
es. The  length  of  wire  used,  exclusive  of  wrap- 
pings, is  1,421  miles.  The  towers  are  eighty  feet 
high;  the  length  of  the  bridge  6.S0  feet.  Walks 
for  foot-passengers  are  on  both  sides  of  the  drive. 
Its  entire  cost  was  $221 ,024.50.  Even  this  struct- 
ure proves  inadequate  to  the  demand,  and  a 
proposition  is  on  foot  to  extend  the  bridge  in 
width  by  swinging  outward  the  cables  supporting 
the  walks,  which  as  stated  above  now  swing  in- 
ward. 

A  plan  has  been  matined,  and  preparations  are 
now  making  for  the  construction  of  a  railroad 
bridge  diagonally  across  the  river  from  the  east- 
ern end  of  the  lower,  or  iron  bridge,  to  Hennepin 
Island,  and  thence  to  the  western  end  of  the 
suspension  bridge,  the  entire  length  of  which, 
including  that  part  of  the  track  laid  on  Henne- 
pin Island,  will  be  nearly  three-quarters  of  a 
mile,  or  more  than  six  times  the  length  of  the 
suspension  bridge.  The  building  of  this  great 
structure  is  with  a  view  to  a  union  depot,  and  as 
affording  railroad  access  to  the  new  Fillsbury 
■'A"  mill,  and  other  mills  about  to  be  built. 


CHAPTER  LIX. 


WEST  SIDE — .70HN  II.  STEVENS^HON.  UOIUORT 
SMITH— OTHER  RESIDENT  t;LAIMAXTS—EAHLY 
EVENTS. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  recapitulate  the  facts  in 
regard  to  the  military  reservation  embraced  in 
the  county  history,  and  the  history  of  Fort  Snell- 
ing,  in  preceding  chapters.  We  )-efer  the  reader 
to  these  for  information  necessary  to  an  under- 
standing of  the  ditiiculties  and  trials  experienced 
by  the  early  settlers  of  the  west  side.    This  in- 


visible barrier  restrained  all  settlement  within 
the  sacred  territory  until  1849,  when  Hon.  Robert 
Smith,  then  a  member  of  Congress  from  Illinois, 
and  John  II.  Stevens,  just  returne<l  from  the 
^lexicfin  war,  received  permits  from  the  govern- 
ment to  occupy  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  each 
of  the  reserve.  Late  in  the  fall  of  this  year  Mr. 
Stevens  commenced  building  liis  house,  and  the 
following  spring  completed  it  and  moved  on  his 
land.  We  cannot  forbear  introducing  Mr. 
Stevens  at  his  first  arrival  in  the]  state,  for  his 
character  appears  at  lirst  siglit.  (ieneral  R.  W. 
Johnson  describes  his  Ih'st  meeting  with  the 
hearty  Colonel  as  follows:  ''At  Fort  Snelling,  I 
met  for  the  first  time  Colonel  John  H.  Stevens 
between  whom  and  myself  an  intimacy  sprang 
up,  ripening  into  a  friendship  which  will  last  as 
long  as  life.  The  Fort  Snelling  post-office  was 
the  principal  office  in  the  territory,  and  to  all 
intents  and  pm'poses  Stevens  was  Postmaster 
General  of  the  North-western  Territory.  Stevens 
came  here  to  lend  his  energy  towards  building 
up  the  state,  and  the  (lai't  he  has  performed  has 
been  well  done.  An  imcutory  of  his  baggage 
and  worldly  goods  wlien  lie  arrived  hi  Minnesota 
may  not  prove  uninteresting.  Before  leaving 
Illinois,  he  had  laid  in  the  following  bill  of  goods 
which  he  purchased  of  B.  II.  Campbell,  of  Ga- 
lena: one  bbl.  pork,  $9.50;  200  lbs.  ham,  S8.00; 
10  lbs.  coffee,  §1.00;  lib.  tea,  $1.00;  14  lbs. 
sugar,  SI -00;  jsack  salt,  .50;  1  lb.  pepper,  .30; 
41  lbs.  tobacco,  $1.67;  1  bbl  whiskey,  $6.84. 
Think  of  that,  will  you,  38  gallons  of  whiskey  at 
18  cents  per  gallon!  This  bill  is  interesting  on 
several  accounts.  It  shows  liow  we  had  to  de- 
pend upon  ourselves;  the  character  of  the  meat 
our  'Caesar'  fed  on;  and  the  (inference  between 
the  prices  of  to-day  and  twenty  years  ago.  Tlie 
amount  of  whiskey  may  seem  large,  hut  it  must 
be  remembered  that  vvc  hiul  no  (■(inuuunication 
with  the  outside  world  from  the  close  until  the 
opening  of  navigation.  For  the  truth  of  history 
it  should  be  recorded  that  Stevens  was  a  temperate 
man,  who  never  took  a  drink  even.  He  brought 
the  whiskey  wltli  him,  to  liave  a  remedy  at  liand 
in  case  he  was  bitten  by  a  snake,  and  to  have  it 
in  his  power  to  exteiul  tlie  usual  western  hospi- 
tality. Such  was  the  character  of  our  early 
settlers." 
In  a  letter  addressed  to  J.  II.  Stevens,  dated 


372 


HISTORY  OF  HENIfEPIN  COUNTY. 


New  York  city,  February  1st,  1881,  Mr.  IleuiT  T. 
Welles  says :  "  Hennepin  county  owes  as  much 
to  you.  if  not  more,  than  to  any  other  man.  You 
were  tlie  conier-stone  on  which  Mr.  Steele's  for- 
tune was  built.  You  shaped  the  early  beginning 
of  wliat  is  now  ^Minneapolis,  and  in  any  history 
of  the  county  you  ought  to  have  credit  accord- 
ingly." 

Traits  of  unsellishness,  wliich  are  somewhat 
inconsistent  with  the  acciuisition  of  large  wealth, 
have  characterized  the  Colonel  throughout  his  life 
at  Minneajiolis.  and  though  he  may  not.  in  the 
view  of  most,  be  looked  upon  as  one  fa^•ored  of 
fortime. still,  what  better  fortune  can  a  man  have 
than  the  blessings  of  his  grateful  friends,  in  a 
comfoil;ible  and  happy  home?  The  perusal  of 
the  records  of  the  old  settlere  proves  that  in  these 
he  is  rich  indeed.  His  house  was  the  first  built 
on  the  west  side,  with  the  exception  of  the  gov- 
ernment house  on  the  knoll,  near  the  mill,  built 
in  early  times.  His  claim  extended  from  the  falls 
Ixjrdering  on  the  river  to  Uassetfs  creek.  The 
Nicollet  House  now  stands  near  the  middle 
of  the  old  claim.  Mr.  Stevens  crossed  by 
the  ferry  daily  to  his  business  at  St.  Anthony, 
where  he  kept  his  store  in  connection  with  Frank- 
lin .Steele. 

The  means  taken  to  obtain  a  foothold  in  the 
re8er\'e  calls  to  mind  tiie  fable  of  the  camel,  that 
beggeil  leave  of  a  taihu' ju.><t  to  warm  his  nose  at  his 
open  window,  bnt  when  his  modest  rc(iucst  was 
granted,  pushed  his  demands  until  the  tailor  was 
driven  out  and  the  camel  left  in  undis'iiuted  pos- 
session. 

Hon.  Robert  Smith,  of  Alton,  Illinois,  while  a 
member  of  Congress,  wrote.  Febniary  loth.  IS4(). 
from  the  House  of  Hepreseiilatives,  in  A\'asliiiig- 
ton.  to  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  affairs,  ex- 
pressing a  wish  •' To  lease  for  five  years  the  old 
government  house  and  grist  and  saw-mill  mi  llie 
west  side  of  the  Mississippi  Hiver.  opposite  the 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony."  In  the  letter  he  adds:  '•  I 
shall  move  into  the  Territory  of  Minnesota  aftei 
the  adjoiniiment  of  Congress,  and  I  wish  to  pro- 
cure this  house  for  my  family  to  live  in.  and  to 
lix  up  the  old  grist-mill  to  grind  corn  and  other 
grain,  there  iH'ing  no  grist-mill  now  in  that  region 
of  country."  The  Secretary  of  AVar  consented, 
providing  the  commanding  officer  at  Fort  Snelling 
approved. 


Major  Woods,  in  command,  on  April  12th  wrote 
that :  •■  With  due  respect  to  Mr.  Smith.  I  doulit 
much  if  his  aim  in  wishing  to  settle  there  is  not 
in  expectation  that  the  reserve  will  be  taken  off." 
ilr.  Smith  took  possession  of  the  old  house  and 
mill  in  May,  1849,  but  did  not  reside  there.  Mr. 
Smith  was  only  allowed,  with  the  house  and  mill, 
sufficient  ground  for  a  garden  i  therefore,  in  Sep- 
tember, he  renewed  the  correspondence  with  the 
Secretary  of  War.  "  I  must  have  gi'ound  to  raise 
something  to  live  upon.  I  cannot  cross  the  river 
and  back,  with  my  team,  without  paying  one  dol- 
lar. Piovisions  are  dear  and  scarce,  while  there 
are  tens  or  thousands  of  acres  of  excellent  land, 
with  no  one  within  six  or  seven  miles,  on  the  same 
side  of  the  river,  cultivating  an  acre.  I  cannot 
but  believe  it  will  decidedly  be  for  the  interest  of 
the  government  to  permit  me  to  make  a  farm  ad- 
joining the  mill."  Mr.  Smith  had  evi<lently  stud- 
ied the  art  of  diplomacy  thorouglil\ ,  and,  in  the 
flisinterested  patriotism  of  the  last  paragraph,  we 
should  see  oidy  a  satire  written  at  his  own  expense, 
except  tliat  it  is  obscured  by  the  very  effrontery 
that  won  his  success. 

In  September.  18.">2,  Mr.  Smith  asked  the  priv- 
ilege of  purchasing  the  buildings  and  in  March, 
1S.58,  Captaui  N.  J.  T.  Dana,  (luartermaster  at 
Fort  Snelling.  wrote  to  the  quartermaster-general 
at  Washhigton:  "I  returned  to  this  post  on  the 
twentielli  instant,  and  o]i  the  next  day  visited 
the  old  mill  and  liuildings  belonging  to  the  quar- 
termaster's depart!  unit  and  now  in  the  possession 
of  Hon.  Robert  .Smith,  and  1  submit  the  follow- 
ing as  my  opinion  of  the  value  of  the  bnildiugs 
to  the  governuiriit  iit  the  linir  wlicn  Mr.  Sniith 
received  them  :  The  old  stone  grist-mill,  the 
building  somewhat  dilapidated,  the  water-wheel 
worn  out  entirely,  but  the  otln'i'  mai-liiiierx .  in- 
cluding two  mill-stones,  good,  was  worth  .'^liio. 
The  old  frame,  of  a  saw-mill,  greatly  decayed,  to- 
gether with  the  mill  irons  on  it  ami  extra  posts, 
mostly  worn  out.  sltio.  The  one-story  frame 
liuilding.  niiiili  ilecayed,  S20(l.  Fences  and 
races,  much  decayed.  .*.'>U."  The  iiermit  which 
he  received  from  the  Secretary  of  War  allowed 
him  to  make  a  claim  wheic  the  old  goveiiimeiit 
mill  stood,  which  is  the  present  site  of  Sidle. 
Fletcher  I'l^  Holmes' Homing  mill,  w  itii  the  piu- 
posc  of  operating  it  for  the  govermuent.  This 
l>lim  he  carried  out,  employing  lieuben   I5ean  as 


LOCATION  OF  CLAIMS. 


373 


miller.  Mr.  Sraith  never  lived  here,  nor  did  he 
at  any  time  occupy  his  claim  in  person,  but  di- 
vided it  with  R.  P.  Russell,  George  K.  Iluy  and 
others,  in  consideratiou  of  their  agreement  to 
make  improvements  on  the  propertv.  Mr.  Smith 
remained  in  Illinois,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death 
was  still  member  of  congress  from  Alton  district. 

Though  the  early  settlers  on  the  west  side  were 
subjected  to  many  hardships,  these  were  of  a  kind 
peculiar  to  theii-  location  on  tlie  reserve  and  very 
different  from  the  usual  experiences  of  frontier 
life.  Many  had  been  living  at  St.  Anthony,  and 
the  removal  of  their  worldly  effects  to  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  river  was  not  a  very  laborious 
task,  besides  the  river  alone  separated  them  from 
a  base  of  supplies.  Tliose  who  were  new  comers 
and  had  not  lived  at  St.  Anthony  could  there  And 
temporary  shelter  and  comfort  until  their  modest 
cabins  were  in  readiness.  Xo  land  entries  could 
be  made,  but  the  following  persons  staked  out 
their  claims  in  about  the  order  mentioned,  except- 
ing those  who  made  no  attempt  to  secure  land, 
entering  other  business:  Calvin  A.  Tuttle,  J.  P. 
Miller,  Dr.  II.  Fletcher,  John  Jackins,  Warren 
Bristol,  Allen  Harmon,  Dr.  A.  E.  Ames,  Edward 
Murphy,  Cluirles  Iloag,  Joel  B.  Bassett,  Colonel 
E.  Case,  Waterman  Stinson,  Edwin  Iledderly,  C. 
W.  Christmas,  Judge  Isaac  Atwater,  Simon  Ste- 
vens and  Henry  Chambers.  Calvin  A.  Tuttle, 
who  came  over  next  after  Mr.  Stevens,  was  em- 
ployed l)y  Mr.  Smith  as  miller  ui  place  of  Mr. 
Bean,  and  remained  in  charge  of  the  mill  foi- 
several  years.  While  still  in  charge  in  ls.j3,  he 
became  interested  with  Simon  Stevens  and  others 
in  the  construction  of  a  mill  at  Minnetonka,  lie 
now  resides  at  Two  Rivers,  Morrison  county,  in 
this  state. 

J.  P.  Miller,  the  next  to  move  to  the  west  side, 
made  a  claim  where  Judge  Atwater  now  lives,  on 
the  south-west  quarter  of  section  25.  His  claun 
is  now  known  as  Atwater's  addition  to  Minneap- 
olis. He  built  there  the  second  house,  and  re- 
mained tiU  1853,  when  he  moved  to  Minnetonka, 
where  he  still  lives,  an  honored  and  respected  citi- 
zen. Mr.  Miller  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
lived  several  years  m  Bucyrus,  Ohio,  and  a  short 
time  in  Rockford,  Illinois,  arriving  at  St.  An- 
thony in  1849. 

Dr.  Hezekiah  Fletcher  located  his  claim  on  the 
south-east  quarter  of  section  27,  and  built  the 


third  house,  wliich  was  a  small  shanty.  He  never 
entered  the  practice  of  his  profession,  but  gave 
himself  up  to  speculations,  in  which  he  was  very 
successful.  He  soon  .sold  his  claim  to  John  L. 
Tenney.  He  represented  the  county  in  the 
territorial  legislatiu-e,  and  was  appointed  regis- 
ter of  the  land  otflce  in  1863.  He  is  now  in  busi- 
ness m  Springlielil,  Misssonri. 

John  Jackins,  the  fourth  resident  claimant,  lo- 
cated back  of,  and  adjoimng,  Mr.  Stevens,  and 
built  a  house  which  is  still  standing  on  Sixth 
street  below  Third  Avenue  south,  though  it  has 
been  removed  from  its  original  site.  He  lived  on 
his  claim  several  years,  and  laid  it  out  in  lots  as 
Jackins"  addition  to  Minneapolis,  but  subse- 
quently removed  and  now  lives  at  Stillwater. 

Warren  Bristol  came  fifth,  and  located  his  claim 
on  section  27,  just  west  of,  and  adjoining  the 
claim  of  Dr.  Fletcher.  He  built  a  shanty,  lived 
in  it  about  two  years,  and  then  exchanged  his 
claim  for  lots  in  St.  Paul,  where  he  entered  the 
practice  of  law.  While  in  Minneapolis  he  held 
the  office  of  county  attorney,  and  was  the  first 
attorney  for  Hennepin  ('ounty.  He  moved  from 
St.  Paul  to  Red  Wing,  and  represented  Goodhue 
county  in  the  seiuite  and  house  of  representa- 
tives. He  is  now  judge  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  territory  of  New  Mexico. 

Allen  Harmon,  the  next,  located  the  sixth  claim 
on  the  north-west  quarter  of  section  27.  where  he 
still  lives.  He  farmed  his  claim  for  a  few  years, 
and  afterward  laid  out  a  portion  in  town  lots,  call- 
ed Harmon's  addition  to  Minneapolis.  Later  he 
platted  other  portions,  until  now  it  is  nearly  all 
laid  out  in  town  lo    . 

Dr.  A.  E.  Ames,  the  seventh  resident  claimant, 
located  his  claim  October  14,  1851,  on  section  26, 
and  built  a  shanty,  but  remained  in  St.  Anthony 
during  the  winter.  In  the  spring  of  1852  he 
moved  over  with  liis  family,  and  was  the  first 
practicing  physician  in  Minneajiolis.  It  will  des- 
ignate the  claim  more  intclligiWy  to  adtl  that  the 
.court-house  is  situated  on  tlie  original  claim. 
He  became  prominent  in  his  profession  as  well  as 
in  i>ublic  life.  He  was  a  \'ermonter  by  birth, 
but  studied  medicine  in  Chicago.  He  lirst  located 
in  Illinois,  where  he  held  the  office  of  assistant 
secretary  of  state  for  four  yeius,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  stale  senate  and  house  of  represent- 
atives.   After  Ills  removal  to  Minneapolis  he  rep- 


374 


lITSTOIiY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


resented  Ileiiiiepin  county  in  the  territorial  leg- 
islature one  term,  and  subsequently  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  state  constitutional  convention.  lie 
died  in  Seiitemher.  1.S74.  Ills  son,  Ezra  B.  Ames, 
lives  in  the  house  of  liis  father,  corner  of  Fifth 
Street  and  Eightli  Avemie  .south,  having  removed 
it  from  the  original  site,  comer  of  Fifth  street 
and  Xinlh  Avenue  south. 

Edward  ^lurpliy  made  (he  eiglith  claim,  ad- 
joining and  below  J.  P.  Miller,  near  llie  river  and 
near  the  residence  of  Judge  Atwater.  lie  moved 
on  his  claim  in  the  s))ring  of  18.52,  occupying  it 
until  his  death.  lie  platted  his  claim,  and  it  be- 
came Murphy's  addition  to  Minneapolis.  Mr. 
Murphy  was  a  native  of  New  Jersey,  but  was  a 
resident  of  Illinois  before  coming  to  Minnesota. 

The  ninth  to  arrive  was  Charles  Iloag.  in  June, 
1852,  from  Philadelphia,  where  he  liad  l)een  a 
teacher  in  the  public  sclioolsof  that  city.  lie  lo- 
cjited  his  claim  next  west  of  Jackins.  It  ex- 
tended nearly  to  IJassett's  creek.  lie  lived  on 
his  claim  a  few  years  and  laid  it  out  in  Itlocks 
and  lots,  called  Iloag's  addition  to  Minneapolis. 
He  contrilmted  much  to  the  growth  of  the  city, 
but  was  amply  remunerated  by  the  advance  in 
pr<)|>erty.  To  him  is  due  the  name  Minneapolis, 
which  has  incorrectly  been  ascribed  to  Mr. 
George  D.  IJowman,  editor  of  tlie  St.  Anthony 
Expres.s,  in  consequence  of  the  iimniinent  position 
he  took  with  his  i)ai)er  among  its  advocates.  Mr. 
lloag.  after  losing  his  wealth  through  the  fail- 
ure of  others,  moved  on  a  farm  iji  Hichlicld. 
where  he  now  resides. 

Next,  and  tenth,  came  J.  li.  Bassett  in  the 
spring  of  18.52,  and  located  his  claim  along  the 
river  north  of  the  creek  that  bears  his  name. 
The  stream  was  named  by  Miss  Mary  A.  Scho- 
(ield.  at  that  time  a  teacher  in  the  settlement, 
now  Mrs.  Prof.  Kissell.  a  resident  of  Chicago. 
After  working  his  claim  as  a  farm  for  a  few 
years.  Mr.  Bassett  imbibed  the  enthusiasm  of 
the  little  town  and  laiil  (int  his  land  in  lots  in  con- 
nM-lion  with  others,  and  It  came  in  under  the  name 
of  ("a,se,  Bassett  anil  Moore's  addition  to  Minne- 
upolis.  lie  built  his  first  house  on  a  knoll  at  the 
mouth  of  till'  cn-ek,  but  now  lives  in  a  line  resi- 
dence (>1.'{,  North  Fourth  street,  which  is  also  on 
the  original  claim.  Mr.  Biussett  was  the  first 
Judge  of  I'roliate  of  the  county,  a  representative 
to  the  territorial  legislature,  and  in  1808,  Indian 


agent  to  the  Chippewas,  He  was  a  native  of 
New  Hampshire,  aiul  came  in  18.51  to  Minnesota. 

Eleveutli,  Colonel  Emanuel  Case  located  on  the 
river  above  Judge  Bassett.  The  claim  was  con- 
tested with  Peter  Poncin,  who  moved  on  the 
land  during  the  winter  of  1852,  and  was  living 
there  at  the  time  Colonel  Case  made  his  claim. 
Colonel  Case  defeated  him,  however,  and  estab- 
lished the  claim.  This  was  the  southern-most 
land  along  the  river  belonging  to  the  Indian  res- 
ervation. He  cultivated  his  claim  a  few  years 
and  laid  it  out  in  lots  in  company  with  Bassett 
and  Moore,  but  continued  to  reside  on  it  until 
his  death  about  ten  years  ago.  Colonel  Case 
was  a  native  of  New  York,  and  in  the  spring  of 
1851  came  to  Minnesota. 

Waterman  Stinson  made  the  twelfth  claim,  on 
the  north  side  of  Bassetfs  creek,  second  above 
Bassett's.  leaving  one  claim  between  them  not 
yet  taken.  His  claim  soon  proved  like  others 
too  valuable  for  farming  ]iurposes;  he,  therefore 
platted  it  and  became  a  wealthy  man  by  sales 
of  his  lots.  This  formed  Stinson "s  addition  to 
Minneapolis.  He  lived  on  liis  claim  until  liis 
death. 

Next,  and  lliiitcciitli.  was  the  claim  of  Edwin 
Iledderly  in  comi)any  with  Rev.  Alfred  C.  (God- 
frey, a  resident  of  JSIaine.  They  made  claims  on 
the  river  above  Jliller.  Mr.  Iledderly 's  claim  ad- 
joined that  of  Mr.  .Miller,  and  Rev.  Mr.  (Godfrey's 
came  next.  The  latter  soon  sold  his  and 
returned  East,  ami  is  now  pastor  of  a  church  in 
iSlassaclniselts.  Mr.  iledderly  lived  on  his  claim 
until  the  fall  of  18S(I,  when  his  death  occurred. 

Charles  W.  Christmas  was  the  fifteenth,  and 
made  his  claim  about  a  mile  north,  just  outside 
the  reservation,  wlieic  lie  Imilt  a  lemjiorary  shel- 
ter, and  subseiiuently,  a  fine  residence.  Mr. 
Clu'istnuis  arrived  in  St.  Anthony  July  lid.  1850, 
and  made  his  claim  llie  following  year.  He  was 
em)ilo>ed  as  surveyor  in  both  St.  Anthony  and 
Minuea))olis,  and  was  twice  clccli'd  counts  sur- 
veyor. In  18-52  lie  mo\c'il  on  his  claim  and  sub- 
seiiuently platted  it.  Me  wasapiminted  register  of 
land  ollice  lor  Sank  liapids.  but  owing  to  the  fail- 
ure to  elect  the  Whig  candiilale,  (ien.  Scott,  to  the 
presidency,  he  held  the  ollice  only  six  months  and 
received  $500,  a  half-year's  .salary,  though  he 
never  went  to  Sauk  liajiids  to  take  possession  of 
the  ollice,  nor  performed  any  of  llie  duties  of  reg- 


SUBVJEYS— FIRST  MARRIAGE. 


376 


Ister,  excepting  tlie  very  important  one  of  drawing 
his  salary.  lie  came  from  Wuoster.  AVayne  county, 
Oliio,  bringing  a  wife  and  nine  cluldren,  attracted 
by  a  letter  printed  in  <a  leading  newspaper,  written 
by  Hon.  J.  \X.  Xortli.  in  which  the  territory  was 
descrilied  in  very  attractive  terms.  He  states 
that  the  appearance  of  the  country  fully  satisfied 
his  anticipations  and  its  subsequent  growth  has 
not  exceeded  his  predictions.  Mr.  Christmas, 
after  platting  liis  claim,  took  Isaac  Lewis  and  J. 
C.  Reno  as  partners  for  the  purpose  of  adding 
Improvements,  and  the  lots  were  divided  among 
the  partners.  By  some  means  Mr.  Christmas 
came  out  the  loser,  and,  thougli  a  respected  citi- 
zen in  advanced  age,  he  has  failed  to  secure  for 
his  old  age  the  fat  income  now  enjoyed  by  some 
of  his  contemporaries. 

Judge  Isaac  Atwater  made  a  claim  next  but, 
as  he  stated  before  the  old  settlers;  he  sold  it  for 
ten  dollars  and  never  got  his  pay. 

Henry  Chambers  opened  a  store  and  Simon 
Stevens  was  interested  in  lumber  mills,  neither 
of  them  making  any  claim. 

Josluia  Draper  made  a  claim  where  Mr.  D.  Mor- 
rison now  resides,  the  north-east  (piarter  of  sec- 
tion 31,  included,  it  is  said  in  the  city  in  ISfi",  in 
order  to  permit  Mr.  Morrison,  at  that  time  re- 
siding there,  to  become  a  candidate  for  the 
office  of  Mayor.  Mr.  Draper  jumi)ed  the 
claim  of  Captain  Arthur  H.  Mills,  of  the 
Tnited  States  Army.  At  the  time  he  made  the 
claim,  he  was  clerk  for  J.  (4.  Lennon  m  St. 
Anthony.  A  compromise  was  effected  between 
Draper  and  Captain  Mills,  by  which  each  took 
half  of  the  original  claim.  Mr.  Draper  was  a 
native  of  Oneida  county,  Xew  York,  and  in  ISol, 
arrived  at  St.  Anthony.  He  was  advancetl  in 
age  at  the  time  of  his  arrival,  and  l)rought  a 
large  family  with  him.  His  death  occurred  sev- 
eral years  ago  at  the  residence  of  his  daughter, 
Mrs.  Gordon,  at  Sank  Centre. 

Mr.  Christmas,  with  William  Sloan  for  assist- 
ant, surveyed  the  greater  part  of  Minneapolis,  for 
Mr.  Steele  and  Mr.  Stevens.  His  sun-ey  ex- 
tended from  Helen  street,  the  boundary  line  be- 
tween the  original  claims  of  Hon.  Robert  Smith 
and  Colonel  Stevens,  to  Bassett  creek,  (iovernor 
Marshall  bad  previously  surveyed  up  to  Ileleu 
street,  now  Third  Avenue  south.  He  also  sur- 
veyed   down  to    Murphy's  claim.    Before  the 


government  survey  was  made,  Mr.  Murphy 
wished  t<i  ascertain  where  the  town  line  would 
run  in  order  to  avoid  mistakes  in  locating  and  di- 
viding lands,  and  tor  this  purpose  employed  Mr. 
Christuias.  This  rc(|uired  nice  <'alculation,  but 
conjecturing  bow  the  government  surveyt)rs  would 
proceed,  he  ran  out  the  line,  starting  from  the 
east  side,  and  carrying  it  across  the  river,  struck 
the  same  point  on  Lake  Calhoun,  which  the  gov- 
ernment surveyors  made  two  or  three  years  after, 
when  they  ran  the  line  with  more  delicate  in- 
struments than  the  simple  chain  and  compass 
used  liy  the  first  surveyors.  It  should  be  men- 
tioned here  that  the  southern  boundary  of  the 
townshij)  was  subsequently  changed  by  act  of 
legislature  and  corresponding  changes  made 
in  the  boundaries  t)f  Brooklyn,  Crystal  Lake  and 
Richfield  ;  reference  to  the  history  of  those  town- 
ships and  the  township  of  Minneapolis,  will  ex- 
plain those  changes.  In  making  the  city  surveys, 
Mr.  Christmas  states  that  he  followeil  the  in- 
structions of  Col.  Stevens  in  giving  liberal  meas- 
vu'ement,  and  made  an  allowance  of  one  and  four 
one  hundreds  feet  on  each  lilock.and  further,  as  the 
streets  and  avemies  do  not  cross  at  right  angles, 
he  ran  the  lines  to  secure  as  wide  storeets  as  pos- 
sible. In  the  brick  block  of  Dunham  and  John- 
son, on  Hennepin  Avemie,  the  history  of  the  sur- 
vey was  placed  in  a  space  between  the  layers  of 
brick  with  the  expectation  that  at  some  future 
time,  in  the  growth  of  the  city,  it  might  be  dis- 
covered and  be  an  interesting  relic  of  the  past. 

The  first  marriage  was  that  of  Captain  John 
Tapper  and  Miss  Matilda  Stinson,  in  August, 
1S53,  ceremony  performed  by  Rev.  Mr.  Rowell. 
September  4th,  of  the  same  year  the  second  took 
place,  that  of  Andrew  J.  Foster  and  Mrs.  M.  E. 
Averill,  ceremony  jierfoi-med  liy  Edwin  Ilcdder- 
ly,  first  justice. 

Among  the  early  settlers  was  Anson  Xortlu-up, 
who  has  been  already  mentioned  as  the  builder  of 
the  St.  (Jharles  Hotel  in  St.  Anthony,  a  man  full 
of  enterprise.  Mr.  Northrop  made  a  claim,  Feb- 
ruary, 18.51,  where  the  Chicago,  Milw;uikee  and 
St.  I'aul  freight  and  passenger  depots  and  yards 
are  now  located.  I'art  of  the  ground  was  marshy, 
and  l)etween  the  marshy  portions  was  a  strip  of 
groinid  which,  in  1853,  Mr.  Northrop  had  broken, 
Mr.  Charles  (iilpatrick,  now  living  near  the 
Layman  Cemetery,  doing  the  work.    The  amount 


376 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


broken  was  estimated  at  three  acres,  aud  on  tliis, 
which  was  platted  hy  Mr.  Xortlmip.  was  erected 
previously  the  lirst  hiiildiiij;  in  which  a  public 
school  was  taught,  commencing  December  3d, 
18.52.  by  Miss  Mary  E.  Miller. 

Tlie  lirst  building  used  as  a  hotel  was  located 
near  where  the  present  shops  of  O.  A.  Pray  and 
Company  are  situated.  It  was  small,  l)ut  many 
were  thankful  for  its  meager  accommodation.  In 
1857.  James  Voung.  now  projirictor  of  Young's 
Hotel  at  Delano,  opened  a  tirst-class  restaurant 
on  Washington  Avenue,  opposite  the  present  site 
of  the  First  Xalinnal  hotel.  Mr.  Voung.  among 
the  early  setllei-s  here,  was  engaged  as  surveyor. 
and  was  employed  as  chief  engineer  for  Smith 
and  ("arleton.  lie  was  proprietor  of  the  old  Min- 
nesota house,  after  selling  his  restaurant  at  the 
close  of  a  year's  business.  At  the  time  of  the 
surveys  mentioned  there  was  a  small  pond  near 
the  present  post-ofliee  block,  and  lots  in  that 
vicinity  found  few  ))urchasers  at  SiiO  each.  Mr. 
Young  refu.sed  lots  at  that  price  in  payment  for 
his  services  as  sun'eyor. 


<lI.\l'Ti:i!    1.x. 

TYIl.\XNiC.\L  I'ltOCKKDINCJS— N.\MKS  — AFFAIKS 
I.N  IHTti  a  sruVKYS -MILLS  AND«>THKU  lU'.S- 
INKSS  -TdWN  OOVKIINMKNT— CUAKTKIi  KK- 
PKALKII. 

It  would  be  tedious  if  not  imi»racticable  to 
carry  the  enumeration  of  settlers  farther.  Set- 
tlei-Kcauie  in  rapidly  to  tjike  lots  and  erect  houses. 
Many  of  tho.se  whom  we  have  enumerated  came 
without  permits  from  the  .secretiiry  of  war  and 
ill  the  face  of  the  prohibition  of  the  ofllcers  at  llie 
Fori,  wbii  canieil  nut  their  iiistrurtious  in  a 
tyrannical  manner,  pulling  d<iwn  the  houses  of 
Home  and  holding  out  a  sly  hand  npi  u  to  bribery 
to  others,  offering  not  to  iiiojent  IIhinc  claiuiants 
who  ]iroiiiiM-d  to  give  half  their  claims  at  the  lime 
of  entry  for  unmnlesled  iHissession.  Twice  were 
the  sliantie.H  of  the  iHxir  .stpiattei-s  toni  down,  and 
many  retired  in  disgust  from  the  uneijual  contest. 


wliile  the  majority  rebuilt  and  patiently  waited, 
until  at  last  they  wrought  victory  from  continual 
defeat. 

Befoi'e  the  minic  .MinncajMilis  was  decided  on, 
other  names  were  proposed.  During  one  season 
it  was  styled  All  Saints,  jierhaps  because  St,  Paul 
and  St.  Antliimy  IkkI  ixrown  so  well  under  sainted 
names,  it  was  supi>osed  tliat  under  the  jiatronage 
of  all  saints  it  must  eclipse  its  rivals.  The  name 
Ijowell  was  mooted,  as  it  was  thought  possible 
the  future  city  might  rival  that  great  nianufac'- 
turing  center  in  Massachusetts.  Another  name 
Albion  was  olTered.  for  no  other  reason  that  we 
can  see  but  its  eui)li(inious  character.  The  word 
Albion  means  white,  and  is  sometimes  applied  to 
England  on  account  of  her  chalky  cliffs.  The 
name  Minneapolis  is  compounded  of  the  Sioirx 
word,  '•AILnne,"  meaning  water,  aud  the  Greek 
'•Polls, '■  a  city,  which  blends  easily  and,  though 
contrary  to  the  usual  rule  in  forming  comi^ounds, 
it  is  a  much  more  agreeable  name  than  though 
both  had  been  taken  from  the  Greek,  in  wliich 
case  the  name  would  liave  been,  perhaps,  Hudor- 
apolis. 

In  tlie  spring  of  ls.")4,  Minneapolis  contained 
only  twelve  housi's,  and  these  were  scattered  at 
long  intervals  apart,  as  if  their  i)urpose  was  that 
of  farms;  moreover,  their  architecture  was  some- 
what luuform,  and,  though  picturescpu',  could 
hardly  l)e  called  elegant,  for  at  this  time  it  was 
quite  uncertain  what  action  the  govenunent  would 
take  in  reference  to  the  reservation.  In  a  chap- 
ter of  the  county  hi.story  will  be  found  an  account 
of  the  measures  taken  t«  secure  the  claims  by  the 
settlers.  In  the  spring  of  18.>"),  all  ai>i)rehensioii 
was  removed  by  the  favorable  decision  of  Con- 
gress, an<l  in  .\|iril  tlic  claiinants  wcic  alile  to 
prove  nil  andolitain  undisputed  title.  Previously 
the  settlers  had  been  sulijccted  to  tiduble  and  ex- 
pense, Alimey  liad  to  lie  contributed  to  jirotect 
their  rights;  clubs  and  claim  associations  were 
organized  for  the  same  puipose.  These  associa- 
tions hail  committees  befoic  whom  conllicting 
claiinants  presented  their  causes  for  arbitration, 
and  lidui  tlieir  decision  there  was  no  ajipeal,  for 
till'  very  weakness  of  the  settlers  leil  them  to  in- 
stitute strong  measures,  and  wlwre  any  showed 
.signs  of  making  trouble,  it  is  said  a  vi\\w  attached 
to  the  limb  of  a  tree  was  shown  tin-  mischief- 
maker.    The  result  was  submission  to  the  rules 


BUILDING  HOUSES— MILLS. 


377 


of  the  association.  To  claim-jumpers  no  quarter 
was  given. 

To  Hon.  Heniy  M.  Rice,  delegate  to  congress 
from  the  territory,  and  to  citizens  who  went  to 
Washington  to  aid  in  the  matter,  was  due  the 
passage  of  the  bill  whicli  secured  the  rights  of 
pre-emption  to  the  settlers.  After  all  was  settled 
and  claimants  had  secm-ed  their  lionies,  prosperity 
began.  Claims  changed  hands,  and  new  men 
came  in,  bringing  money.  This  was  the  time  to 
judge  of  the  character  of  men.  All  were  pros- 
perous, and  many  a  poor  dog  wlio  had  never  had 
money  before,  strutted  about  with  his  coat  pock- 
ets full  of  gold,  presenting  a  twenty-dollar  piece 
to  pay  for  a  cigar.  Tims  the  fool  and  his  money 
soon  pai-ted,  while  wiser  men  used  the  prosperous 
days  to  prepare  for  the  liard  times  to  follow. 
Hard  times  came  soon,  finding  few  tlioroughly 
enough  hedged  to  tide  over. 

The  first  survey  was  made  by  William  R. 
Marshall  in  18-54,  but  the  first  record  of  survey 
was  filed  August  2d,  1855,  William  R.  Marshall, 
surveyor,  changed  by  Pieman  C.  Smith.  This 
was  on  sections  25  and 26.  Next,  May  13th,  1856, 
Atwater's  addition  was  recorded.  Next,  June 
19th,  1856,  Morrison,  Smith  and  Hancock's  addi- 
tion. These  additions  were  surveyed  by  H.  Clay- 
ton Smith.  Murphy's  addition  was  surveyed 
July  7th,  1857,  by  Smith  and  Carleton. 

In  the  fall  of  ISoo  more  than  one  liundred 
houses  had  been  built,  and  to  ()uote  from  the  |)a- 
pers  of  the  day,  •■Some  would  do  credit,  both  in 
structure  and  dinability,  to  the  city  of  New 
York."'  The  boom  of  progress  was  checked  and 
brought  to  a  stand  by  the  financial  crisis  of  1857. 
Fabulous  rates  of  interest  were  paid  by  even  the 
best  men,  and  disaster  followed.  The  fortunes 
which  seemed  already  in  the  grasp  of  many, 
ti'eacherouslv  slipped  away  and  passed  into  the 
hands  of  others,  and  in  this  way  some  of  the 
first  claimants,  who  were  entitled  to,  and  were 
worth}'  of,  the  highest  rewards  came  out  poor. 
It  was  long  thought  by  the  leading  citizens  of  St. 
jVnthony  that  their  neighbor,  Minneapolis,  would 
become  oidy  a  valuable  suburb  of  their  city,  as 
the  natural  conformation  of  the  land  and  the  di- 
vision of  the  river  by  islands  favored  the  St. 
Anthony  side.  At  first  all  the  business  except 
farming  was  on  the  east  side,  but  October  8th, 
1853,  Mr.  Chambers  opened  the  "Pioneer  Store" 


m  a  building  on  Bridge  Square  ))elonging  to  Mr. 
J.  II.  Stevens,  and  Uie  billowing  year  several 
more  were  built. 

In  1854,  the  townsliip  of  Minneapolis  was  sup- 
posed to  contain  nearly  one  thousand  inhabitants 
and  had  one  newspaper,  the  Northwestern  Dem- 
ocrat; one  physician,  Dr.  A.  E.  Ames;  two  firms 
of  lawyers,  Cornell  and  Hanson,  and  Atwater 
and  Jones;  religious  services  were  instituted  by 
the  rresbyterians,  Raptists  and  iSlethodists. 

During  this  year  a  land  oflice  was  established 
with  M.  L.  Olds  register,  and  R.  I*.  Russell  re- 
ceiver. Messrs.  Olds  and  Russell  held  their 
offices  until  1857,  when  the  land  oflice  was 
removed  to  Forest  City.  At  one  time  there  was 
a  great  rusli  of  business  at  this  office,  and  from 
.'?.5{10  to  S20,00o  was  paid  over  in  a  single  day. 
It  may  be  recorded  liere  that  at  the  time  of  the 
Sioux  outbreak  in  1S62,  the  land  office  was 
again  located  at  Minneapolis,  with  Dana  E.  King 
register,  and  Mr.  Jordan  receiver.  In  1803  Dr. 
II.  Fletcher  was  appointed  receiver,  and  in  the 
winter  of  1864,  B.  F.  Baker  register.  In  1866, 
the  office  was  again  remove<l  to  Forest  City. 

In  18.54,  one  saw  mill,  and  the  first  in  Minne- 
apolis, aside  from  the  old  government  mill,  was 
located  just  below  the  falls,  witli  a  capacity  of 
1, 500,000  feet  per  annum,  besides  a  large  amount 
of  shingles.  The  mill  was  running  under  tlie 
direction  of  ('.  King.  .\  contract  was  entered 
into  in  18.55,  by  ^lessrs.  Bassett  and  Canney  with 
Messrs.  Pomeroy  and  Bates  mill  builders,  for  tlie 
erection  of  a  steam  saw-mill  at  tlie  mouth  of 
Bassett's  creek,  which  empties  into  the  Missis- 
sippi about  half  a  mile  above  the  suspension 
bridge,  beginning  the  following  spring.  This 
mill  was  completed  the  following  year,  and  its 
capacity  was  estimated  at  from  live  to  ten  mil- 
lion feet  per  annum.  Another  mill  was  erected 
the  following  year,  1857,  half  a  mile  aliovc  the 
last,  by  A.  Wolcott  &  Co.,  with  an  estimatiMl  ca- 
pacity of  30,000  feet  per  day. 

The  estimated  capacity  of  all  tlic  nulls  at  the 
falls  built  and  building  in  1857,  was  from  60,000,- 
000  to  75,000,000  feet  per  annmn.  Thus  began 
the  great  lumber  business  of  Minneapolis.  In 
anotlier  part  of  this  liistory  we  shall  see  to  what 
an  extent  it  has  since  developed.  In  1853,  Thos. 
Chambers's  store  on  Bridge  Squaie  was  the  only 
store   in   ^linneapolis,  and   this  was    Ijurned    in 


378 


HISIVRY  OF  HEXNEPIN  COUNTY. 


April  of  the  following  year,  but  was  rebuilt  on 
"Ileiiiiepin  street."  In  18.54  nine  stores  are  re- 
ported. Clianibei-s'.  Messrs.  I.  I.  Lewis  &  Co.s. 
W.  D.  Balibitfs.  Samuel  Iliddens.  Jackins  A: 
Wrifilifs.  Dr.  II.  Fletclier  and  .lames  B.  Mills'. 
Warivn  Sampson's.  Tufts.  Keynolds  &  Wliite- 
nioies.  Dane  &  Califs,  hardware.  In  l.s.5.5.  tliis 
number  had  increased  to  seventeen,  seven  jreii- 
eral.  one  dry  goods  and  clothiuK.  one  fancy  and 
staple  di-y  goods,  one  clothing,  two  liardware, 
two  drug,  one  book  and  two  jewelry  and  watch 
stores.  Besides  these  were  painters,  carriage 
and  sleigh  makers,  blacksniitlis,  boot  and  shoe 
makers,  gunsmith,  tailor,  bakery  and  harness 
maker.  We  lind  lliree  land  agents,  one  news- 
l)aper.  one  hotel,  two  livery  stables,  two  brick 
yards,  one  s;i\v-niill.  Four  churches  had  been 
organized,  First  Presbyterian.  Baptist,  Free  Bap- 
list  and  Methodist  Episcoi)al.  Two  of  these  had 
houses  of  worsliip.  rresbyterian  and  Free  Bap- 
tist. Soeieties  were  represented  by  the  Free- 
masons and  Odd  Fellows,  and  schools  by  a  Cen- 
tral Tniversily  and  one  district  school. 

Following  the  year  1S.>>,  and  the  reduction  of 
the  resi'rvation.  whidi  enabled  settlers  to  obtain 
jierfect  titles  to  their  lands,  the  giwvth  of  the 
we.st  side  was  as  remarkable  as  that  of  the  east. 
In  ]H.'>7.  the  population  was  estimated  at  two 
tiKiu.sand.  an  increase  in  the  village  of  eighteen 
hundred  in  two  years.  The  court-ho\ise  was  then 
building:  the  I  nited  Stales  Land  (Jllice  was  located 
here:  a  twelve  thousand  dollar  school-house  was 
in  procress  of  erection;  the  Presbyterian,  Free 
Will  Baptist  and  Kpiscopal  societies  had  church 
edilices.  Many  elegant  )irivale  residences  were 
also  to  be  seen  on  both  the  cast  and  west  sides, 
and  botli  cities  were  enjoying  great  prosperity. 
A  board  of  liade  had  been  organized,  coniitosed 
of  the  leading  business  men  of  both  cities,  and 
the  iiinon  of  St.  Anlhon\  ami  .Minneapolis  was 
already  looked  forward  to  as  a  |iiiili;ible  and  desi- 
rabli'  I'vcnl. 

In  .Minneaiiolis  at  this  time  were  forty-two 
business  places,  a  number  of  real-estate  dealere, 
several  hotels  and  boarding  houses,  one  printing 
oflicc.  thri'C  survi.yors,  four  iihysii-ians  and  ten 
lawyers,  a  furniture  factory  opened  in  in.")!, 
by  H.  K.  Messer,  Francis  Sampson  ami  Major 
Craft.  t<i  which  was  aildcd  the  manufacture  of 
wagons,  sleighs,  etc. 


In  18-58  Minneapolis,  in  accordance  with  an  act 
of  legislature  approved  March  1st,  18-56,  organ- 
ized a  town  govermnent  with  a  council.  Hon.  II. 
T.  Welles  was  elected  president. 

The  boundaries  of  the  town  of  Minneapolis,  as 
described  in  the  act  of  incorporation,  were:  be- 
ginning at  a  iioinl  on  the  Mississippi  River  where 
the  line  between  sections  10  and  1-5  intersects  the 
river,  thence  west  on  said  line  between  sections 
10  and  1">  to  the  nortli-west  corner  of  section 
15.  thence  south  on  section  line  to  the  south-west 
corner  of  section  27,  thence  east  on  the  south  line 
of  sections  27.  2G  and  2-")  to  the  Mississippi  River, 
thence  up  said  river  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

The  fii'st  session  of  the  council  was  held  July 
20th.  1S.58,  Mr.  Welles  i)iesiding.  Councillors 
elected  in  the  several  wards  were:  Isaac  1.  Lewis, 
first  ward;  Charles  Iloag,  second  ward;  William 
Garland,  third  ward;  Edwin  Iledderly,  fourth 
ward;  Mr.  Todd,  clerk,  (i.  Henry  Hamilton  aft- 
erward became  clerk  and  Mr.  Morrison  became 
councillor  in  place  of  Mr.  Lewis. 

In  ls-")ii  a  new  council  was  elected.  Cyrus 
Breener,  President;  Councillors.  .1.  O.  Weld,  H. 
H.  Petlit  N.  S  Walker  and  11.  K.Mann:  Mr. 
llaniillon.  Clerk  to  November  28th.  when,  in 
conse(iuence  of  his  resignation.  ().  L.  Savory  was 
elected.  This  board  contiiuied  until  18B1 ,  when 
a  new  board  was  elected. 

At  the  session  of  the  legislature  of  18t)2  the 
charter  of  incorporation  was  repealed  in  compli- 
ance with  the  demand  of  the  citizens,  who  fonnd 
the  expense  of  the  experiment  too  great  for  them 
to  bear,  and  Minneapidis  was  placed  back  under 
the  township  organization. 

In  18(14.  the  legislature  i)assed  an  act  giving 
town  lioaids  new  iiowcrs.  IihIit  this  act  S.  11. 
Matlison.   -Indge    H.  15.    Ames  and    .Miles  Hills 

1- posed    the    board,    with   Thomas   W.   Hale, 

Clerk.  Colonel  C.  .\lilrich.  (Jeorge  A.  Brackett 
and  ().  M.  Larawa\  followed,  succeeded  by  Judge 
K.  S.  Jones,  J-  .M.  Kustis  and  H.  P.  Hussell. 

In  February.  18(i7,  the  City  of  Minucai'"hs  was 
incorpmated  by  a<'t  of  legislature. 

Minneapolis  and  St.  Anthony  were  united  by 
an  act  of  legislature,  aiiproved  Fel)nary  28lli, 
1872,  and  on  the  '.ith  of  .\i>ril.  Ihi-  union  was 
completeil  b\  llic  (Mgani/atinn  of  the  new  city 
council.  |-"or  some  lime  after  the  consolidation 
of  the  two  cities,  harmony  ilid  not  exist  in  the 


TEMPERANCE  AGITATION. 


379 


council.  Many  of  the  citizens  of  St.  Antliony  re- 
gretted the  change  which  gave  tlieir  citj-  a  new 
name  and  destroyed  its  individuahty.  Each  di- 
vision assumed  its  own  financial  management  so 
far  as  pertained  to  contracts  existmg  previous  to 
consolidation,  and  each  maintained  its  own  schools, 
levying,  collecting  and  disbursnig  its  school  funds 
as  before. 

Two  or  three  years  before  the  union,  an  un- 
successful attempt  was  made  to  obtain  a  vote  to 
purchase  2\  icollet  Island  for  a  park,  and  grounds 
for  the  public  buildings  of  the  county.  It  has 
since  been  a  matter  of  general  regi'et  to  the  citi- 
zens of  ^limieapolis.  that  this  project,  which 
would  have  added  so  much  to  the  attraction  of 
the  city,  was  not  successfidly  carried  out. 


CH AFTER    LXT. 

POLITICAL  HISTORY  OF  ST.  ANTHONY — FIRST 
COUNCIL— TE3IPERANCE  MEETING — SALARIES 
— LIST  OF  OFFICERS — CONSOLIDATION. 

On  the  13th  day  of  .Vpril,  Ls-^-"),  the  Ihst  comi- 
cil  of  the  city  of  St.  Anthony  was  convened  with 
the  following  officers  present :  II.  T.  Welles, 
Mayor;  Orth,  Spencer,  Stanchfield.  Lippincott, 
Doit  and  Cummings,  Aldeiinen.  Edward  L. 
Hall  was  chosen  clerk  pro  tem.  and  the  oliicial 
oath  was  administered  to  the  flavor  and  Alder- 
men. St.  Anthony  was  tlnis  enrolletl  among  the 
cities  of  the  West.  W.  F.  Brawley  was  elected 
city  clerk  for  the  term  of  one  year,  after  which 
the  Aldermen  drew  by  lot  for  the  one  and  two 
year  terms  with  the  following  result.  First  ward, 
Benjamin  N.  Spencer,  one  year,  John  Orth,  two 
years.  Second  ward,  Daniel  Stanchfield,  one 
year,  Edwin  Lippmcott,  two  years.  Third  ward, 
Caleb  D.  Doit,  one  year,  Roliert  W.  Cununings. 
two  years.  The  usual  committees  were  then  ap- 
pointed by  the  Mayor,  and  the  first  session  of 
the  council  of  St.  Anthony  closed.  At  the  next 
session,  April  14th,  the  following  day,  the  coun- 
cil proceeded  to  elect  the  following  officers:  Ira 
Kingsley,  Treasurer;  S.  W.  Farnham,  Assessor; 


Benjamin  Browii,  Marshal;  E.  L.  Hall,  Q\t\  At- 
torney: E.  B.  Xa.sh,  Collector  of  taxes;  Isaac 
tiilpatrick.  Supervisor  of  streets.  Mr.  Farnham 
deelhied  the  office  of  assessor,  and  May  Ttli.  Mr, 
Brott  was  elected  in  his  stead.  At  a  subsequent 
meeting  April  2:?d,  C.  B.  Chaimian  was  elected 
City  Surveyor,  and  at  a  meeting  still  later,  Lard- 
ner  Bostwick  was  elected  City  .liistice.  Alder- 
man Cummings  was  authorized  to  lease  a  room 
for  the  use  of  the  coinicil. 

Proposals  for  printing  were  received  from  C. 
G.  Ames  of  the  St.  Anthony  Express,  and  G.  D. 
Bowman  of  the  Xorthwestern  Democrat.  In 
consequence  of  a  tie  vote  on  the  proposals,  the 
Mayor  gave  the  casting  vote  iu  favor  of  the  Dem- 
ocrat, which  paper  by  this  means  obtained  the 
citj'  printmg.  The  first  petition  lirought  before 
the  city  council  was  from  G.  E.  II.  Day  and 
others  for  the  suppression  of  the  sale  of  intoxi- 
cating liquors  on  the  Sabbath,  and  was  referred 
to  Aldermen  Stanchfield  and  Cummings,  com- 
mittee on  licenses.  On  their  reconnnendation  a 
meeting  of  citizens  was  called  at  the  school-house 
in  the  third  ward,  April  19th,  in  order  to 
give  the  friends  of  temperance  a  fair  hearing 
upon  the  subject  of  the  petition.  At  this  gather- 
ing a  petition  was  presented  by  Mrs.  King, 
signed  by  a  large  number  of  lailies.  praying  the 
council  to  prohibit  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors 
within  the  city  limits.  The  meeting  was  ad- 
dressed by  Messrs.  Xonrse,  North,  and  Kev.  Mr. 
Creighton,  and  considerable  feeling  was  mani- 
fested. The  petition  was  referred  to  the  commit- 
tee on  licenses.  The  result  of  the  agitation  was  an 
ordinance  fixing  licenses  at  fifty  dollars  per  year, 
no  license  to  be  issued  for  a  period  less  than  one 
year,  attaching  moderate  penalties  to  the  selling 
of  liquors  without  license.  Gambling  was  for- 
bidden, drunkenness  and  fighting  prohilnted,  and 
dealers  strictly  forbidden  keeping  llieir  saloons 
open  on  the  Sabbath,  or  later  than  ten  o'clock  in 
the  evening  during  the  week.  Ordinances  for 
the  government  of  the  city  were  adopted  April 
23d.  Salaries  were  fixed  for  Mayor,  SiOO  per 
year;  Aldermen,  .'5100 ;  Marshal,  #300;  City  At- 
torney, §250;  Clerk,  S325,  and  three  per  cent,  on 
all  taxes  collected,  as  compensation  for  services 
of  coUectoi-.  The  bonds  required  were,  of 
Treasurer,  §5,000  ;  Assessor,  S500  ;  Collector, 
S5,000;  Super\'isor  of  Streets,  $500;  Clerk,  S500; 


380 


HISTORY  OF  HEKKEPIN  COUNTY. 


City  Attorney,  $5(10:  Surveyor.  S300:  Marehal, 
$.^.(MH). 

A  \v:it<-li-li()use  was  aiitlioiizi'd  ami  Ijuilt  Sep- 
temlicr  1st.  wlieie  now  is  tlie  coriier  of  Seventli 
street  and  Central  Avenue.  About  four  yeare 
since,  the  old  watoli-lionse  was  sold  to  private 
individuals.  Several  cliaiiRes  took  place  in  the 
oflicers  the  first  year.  Ira  King.sley  resigned  and 
wa.s  succeeded  hy  Z.  E.  B.  JCash;  Jsaac  (iilpat- 
rick  resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  W.  TI.  Town- 
send;  (i.  F.  ]5r<itt  in  like  manner  was  succeeded 
by  J.  IJ.  tiill)erl;  II.  Ileclitnian  was  appointed 
supervisor  of  streets  in  place  nt  W.  11.  Town- 
send,  who  resijrned.  and  Xovenilier  l:^l!i.  Mr. 
Ileclitnian  was  succeeded  liy  J.  M.  Hrewer.  ()c- 
toljer  29th,  Henjamin  lirown  tendered  his  res- 
ifnuition  as  marshal  and  collector,  and  Novem- 
ber iL'tli  Seth  Turner  was  appointed  in  his  stead. 
The  ofliees  of  nuu-shal  and  collector  were  so  far 
combined  as  to  l>e  vested  in  the  same  otlieer, 
who  received  a  stated  salary  as  marshal  and  a 
percentage  as  collector. 

At  the  first  rejiiilar  meeliiiir  ol  tlic  coinici]  fol- 
lowing the  election  of  Ajiril  7tli.  I.s.")(>.  a  resolu- 
tion was  offered  and  jiasscd.  disjiinsiiifi  with  sala- 
ries of  .\Ia\<ir  an<l  .Mdcrmeii.  and  conitiininf;  the 
ollices  of  Clerk  and  ('<iniptnillii  and  lixing  the 
salarv  at  SL'i.')  per  annum.  At  the  same  meeting 
an  effort  was  made  l<i  elect  the  several  otticers  to 
be  chos<'n  by  the  i-<piiiicil.  but  without  success. 
A  struggle  ensued  an*l  bitter  feeling  was  engen- 
dered. The  meeting  adjourned,  but  the  wrath 
was  iiui-sed  an<l  kept  warm  to  break  out  in  a  new 
war  at  the  iie.xt  meeting,  .\piil  llMli.  when  it  was 
carried  so  far  as  to  declare  the  .\I  a  von  Hit  nt  order 
and  elect  one  of  the  dissenting  .Mdcniicn  cliair- 
niaii.  Again  they  adjourned  without  accoiiiiilisli- 
ing  any  business.  Imt  at  a  meeting  held  May  •'ith, 
oil  was  (xiured  on  the  troubleil  waters  and  the 
election  of  ollicers  jiroceeded.  It  was  also  voted 
to  occupy  the  oflicc  of  l,aidner  Itostwick  ;is  coun- 
cil room.  In  .Viigiist  following,  the  ordinance, 
combining  the  ollices  of  Marshal  and  Collector 
was  re|M'alcd.  In  .March,  Ih.")7,  the  city  was 
divided  into  four  wards.  Following  the  election 
of  Ajtril.  1H">7.  the  ollices  of  Assessor  and  Super- 
visor of  Streets  were  separat4-d.  May  31st,  IKrjK, 
the  lirst  ]Kilice  f<ir<-e  was  organi/.cd.  to  consist  of 
the  City  .Marshal  ami  such  policemen  as  may  from 
time  to  lime  !«•  apiHiintiHl  by  the  Council.    The 


oi-dinauce  provided  that  the  Mayor  should  be  at 
the  head  of  the  i)olice  department,  and  that  the 
Aldermen  should  co-oiierate  with  the  Mayor  in 
enforcing  the  laws,  and  should  have  power  to 
make  arrests  either  witli  or  without  process. 

CITY  OI  riCKHS  OK    ST.   .\NTIIONY. 

The  lirst  Council  organized  April  13th.  IKoo — 
II.  T.  Welles,  Mayor;  Aldermen :  first  ward, 
Benjamin  X.  Spencer,  one  year,  John  Orth.  two 
years;  second  ward.  Daniel  Slanchlield.  one  year, 
Edward  Lipiiincoll.  two  years;  third  ward.  Ca- 
leb 1).  Dorr,  one  year.  Koliert  W.  Cummings,  two 
years.  Ollicers  ai)i>ointed  by  the  C(uuicil  were, 
W.  F.  Ihawley.  City  Clerk;  Ira  Kingsley.  Treas- 
urer; S.  W.  Farnham.  Assessor;  Benjamin  Brown. 
Marshal;  K.  L.  Hall,  City  Attoniey;  Isaac  Gil- 
patrick.  Supervisor  of  Streets;  E.  B.  Xash,  Col- 
lector of  Taxes;  C.  B.  Clia]inian.  City  Surveyor: 
L.Bostwick,City  Justice.  Appointments,  mostly 
to  liU  vacancies,  occurring  during  the  \ear  were, 
fi.  F.  Brott,  .Vssessor;  Benjamin. Brown.  Collect- 
or: E.  B.  Xash.  Weigh  .Master;  Z.  E.  B.  Nash  . 
Treasurer:  W.  II.  Townsend,  Supervisor  of 
Streets:  J.  B.  tJilberl,  -Vssessor;  II.  Ilechlman. 
Supervisor  of  Streets,  soon  succeeded  by  J.  M. 
Brewer;  Seth  Turner,  JIarshal  and  Collector. 

First  regular  election  \\m\  7th,  ISiG.  Alvaren 
.\]]en.  Mayor:  Aldermen.  William  Fewer,  lirst 
ward;  A.  D.  Foster,  second  ward:  David  A.  Se- 
conibe,  third  ward.  .Viipoinlcd  ollicers.  AV.  F. 
Brawley,  Clerk  and  ComptiolJiM-;  l!iih:uil  Fewer. 
Treasurer:  Seth  Turner,  Assessor  and  Su|>ervisor 
of  Streets;  J.  Chapman.  Marshal  and  Collector; 
J.  S.  Demmon,  City  Attorney;  J.  M.  Brewer.  Su- 
pervisor: Eardner  Bostwick.  City  Justice.  Sub 
seiiuent  ajipointnients  Srih  'runici'  resigned, 
succeeded  li\  .1,  M.  Brewer,  and  he  by  llcniy 
Wliilililc;  Sclli  Turner.  Marshal  iind  Collector;  D. 
H.  Dornian,  Trcasinci-.  .\ugiist  iL'tli  llic  onli- 
naiK-c  coinbining  llic  ollices  of  .Marshal  and  Col- 
lector was  repealed,  and  E.  W.  Stiatlon  was 
apiioinled  Ciilleelor.  Mayor  .Mien  resigned  and 
1).  A.  Scconilie.  .Mayor  )irii  ti ni..  served  out  the 
term.  William  Eoclircii,  City  Attorney,  in  i)lace 
of  Demmon,  resigned. 

Second  election.  .\piiliilli.  IH.07.  He-division  of 
city  in  four  wards.  \\  in.  W.  Wales,  Mayor;  Al- 
dermen Daniel  Knolilaueh.  lirst  ward;  E.  W. 
Johnson,  second;  William  McIIerron,  Ihii-d;  Jolm 


OFFICIAL  EOSTEB  OF  S2\  ANTHONY. 


381 


C.  Johnson,  fourth.  Appointpd  officers — "VV.  F. 
Brawley,  Clerk  and  CuniiitniUer;  N.  Kellogg, 
Assessor;  L.  "\V.  Stratton,  Collector;  J.  M.  Brewer, 
Siipenisor,  soon  succeeded  by  W.  A.  Rowell;  G. 

A.  Xourse.  Attorney;  11.  S.  Temple,  ilarslial. 
May  22d,  1857,  A.  D.  Foster,  Alilerman.  re- 
signed. March  22d,  1858,  Moses  Wliittier  ap 
pointed  Supervisor  in  place  of  Rowell  resigned. 
Special  election  April  2oth,  1857.  "William  ])u- 
gas.  Alderman,  tirst  ward.  lie  resigned  March 
22d,  1858. 

Third  election,  April  5th.  1S5S.  Orrin  Curtis, 
Mayor;  Aldermen,  Daniel  Knoblauch,  tirst  ward; 
James  Crowe,  second,  for  one  year;  George  W. 
Thurber,  second,  for  two  years;  James  McMullen, 
third;  R.  W.  Cummings.  fourth.  Aiipointed  offi- 
cers—W.  F.  Brawley,  Clerk;  Moses  Whittier,  Su- 
pervisor; H.  S.  Temple,  Marshal;  L.  "\V.  Stratton, 
Collector;  O.  Curtis,  Treasurer;  I).  M.  Dem- 
mon.  Attorney;  C.  II.  Snow,  Surveyor:  E.  W. 
Cutler,  Assessor;  July  6th,  John  Armstrong, 
Marshal.  Fire  Department—!).  B.  Dorman, 
Chief  Engineer;  R.  W.  Cummings,  First  Assist- 
ant; S.  W.  Farnham,  Second  Assistant. 

Foui-th  election,  April  16th,  1859.  O,  Curtis, 
Mayor;  Aldermen — Henry  Ilechtman,  first  ward; 
William  Lochren,  second;  John  Pomeroy,  tliird; 
Benjamin  Parker,  fourth.  Appointed  officers — 
W.  W.  Wales,  Clerk;  C.  D.  Dorr,  Assessor;  D. 

B.  Dorman,  Assistant  Assessor;  Moses  Whit- 
tier,  Supervisor  of  Streets;  James  White,  Assist- 
ant; Franklin  Cook,  Surveyor;  X.  II.  Ilemiup, 
Attorney;  John  Armstrong,  Marshal.  .Iiiue29th, 
John  Orth,  Alderman,  first  ward,  in  place  of 
Knoblauch,  resigned.  December  21st,  Lardner 
Bostwick,  City  Justice,  resigned. 

Fifth  election,  April  2d,  18(30.  R.  B.  Graves, 
Mayor;  Aldermen — E.  W.  Cutler,  first  ward,  one 
year;  Henry  Ilechtman,  two  years;  Richard  Few- 
er, second,  one  year;  AVilliam  Lochren,  two  years; 
O.  T.  Leavitt,  third,  one  year;  Charles  Crawford, 
two  years;  J.  S.  Pillsbury.  fourtli,  one  year;  J. 
H.  Murphy,  two  years. 

Appointed  officers- W.  W.  ^Vales,  Clerk;  John 
Babcock,  Treasurer;  David  Edwards.  Assessor; 
J.  IT.  Xoble,  Marshal;  J.  B.  (iilljllan.  Attorney; 
W.  A.  Townsend,  Supervisor;  J.  A.  Armstrong, 
Collector;  Charles  Henry  and  Solon  Armstrong, 
Justices  of  the  Peace;  D.  Schofield  and  W.  Mol- 
itor.  Constables;  E.  S.  Brown,  Chief  of  Fire  De- 


partment.    December  Sth.  ISfio.  .V.  Rowell,  Col- 
lector, vice,  J.  A.  Armstrong. 

Sixth  election.  April  3d,  18(U.  O.  C.  Merri- 
man.  Mayor;  Aldermen — Peter  Weingart,  tirst 
ward;  Richard  Fewer,  second  ward;  O.  T.  Swett, 
third  ward;  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  fourth  ward.  Ap- 
pointed officers,  W.  \V.  Wales,  Clerk;  D.  B.  Dor- 
man, Treasurer,  succeeded  bv  -biliu  Balicock; 
David  Edwards,  Assessor;  J  11.  Xoble,  Marshal; 
J.  B.  Gillillan,  Attorney;  Charles  T.  Stinsou,  Su- 
pervisor; William  Lashells,  (Nonstable. 

June  17th,  X.  H.  Ilemiup,  Collector,  vice 
Rowell,  resigned;  Dan  jNI.  Dennnou,  Alderman, 
second  ward,  vice  William  Lochren,  resigned; 
John  Dunham,  Chief  of  Fire  Department;  July 
2nd,  R.  P.  Graves,  Treasurer,  vice  Babcock  re- 
signed; September  Kith,  W.  II.  Chamberlain, 
Chief  of  Fire  Department,  vice  Dunham;  Decem- 
ber 4th,  1861,  David  Edwards,  Collector,  vice 
Hemiup  resigned. 

Seventh  election  April,  ls()2.  Records  from 
April  1865,  to  .June,  are  missing,  and  it  is 
probable  there  are  omissions  in  consequence. 
O.  C.  Merriman,  Mayor;  Aldermen,  includ- 
ing those  holding  over,  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  Dan 
M.  Demmon,  Richard  Fewer,  Peter  Weingart, 
Andrews,  Blakeman,  Beridiard,  T.  M.  Bohan; 
Charles  F.  Simms  to  fill  vacancy. 

Appointed  officers,  W.  ^\'.  Wales,  City  Clerk; 
D.  Edwards,  Assessor;  William  Lashells,  Super- 
visor: E.  Lippincdtt,  Marshal,  vice  \ol)le,  re- 
signed. 

Eighth  election  April  7tli,  1863.  E.  S.  Brown, 
Mayor;  Aldermen,  \\'.  M.  Lashells,  first  ward, 
two  years;  J.  L.  Xewmau,  secciud  ward,  two 
years,  Charles  F.  Simms,  third  ward,  two  years; 
S.  W.  Farnham,  fourtli  ward,  two  years.  Ap- 
pointed officers,  W.  W.  Wales,  City  Clerk;  E. 
Ortman,  Treasurer:  I).  Edwards,  Assessor;  X.  II. 
Miner,  Attorney;  William  Fewer,  City  Justice, 
vice  Charles  Henry;  M.  1!.  Itolliiis.  Marslial;  John 
McAuliff,  Constable,  vice  D.  ScliolieUl;  D.  Ed- 
wards, Supervisor.  June  11th,  E.  Lippincott, 
Chief  engineer,  vice  \V.  II.  Clianilierlain,  resign- 
ed; May  6th,  E.  Lii)iiiui(>ll.  City  .Marshal,  vice 
Hollins,  not  having  (luaHlicil.  August  b5th,  Dan 
M.  Deunnon,  City  Clerk,  vice  W.  W.  Wales,  re- 
signed; Baldwin  Brown,  Alderman,  second  ward, 
vice  Dan  M.  Demmon,  resigned;  October  8th,  Jo- 
seph Van  Eman,  Collector. 


382 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Ninth  election  April  otli.  1864.  O.  C.  Mem- 
man.  Mayor;  Alderaieii,  T.  M.  Bohan.  fii-st  ward; 
L.  H.  Scliniiii.  seciiiKi:  T.  J.  Tutlle.  tliinl:  AV.  F. 
Caliill.  fdiirlli.  AiiiMiinted  ollkers.  Dan  M.  Deni- 
mon.  Cit>-  Clerk;  James  A.  Lovejoy.  Treasurer; 
David  Edwards.  Assessor:  Edw.  Lippinrott, 
.Marshal:  Dan  M.  Deninion  and  William  Spooner, 
Jiistiees  of  tlie  Peace:  W.  M.  Lasliells  and  Edw. 
Lippincott,  ('onstal)les.  May  Utli.  George  Rich- 
ards. Supervisor:  June  7tli,  E.  AV.  Cutler,  .\lder- 
nian.  third  ward,  to  lill  vacancy:  June  14th.  Isaac 
Crowe.  Alderman,  thinl  wai'd.  viccL.  15.  Schrum, 
resigned:  NoveinliiT  I'.nli.  .John  M.  Cushins,  Su- 
pervisor, vice  Kichanls.  deceased;  January  (itli, 
IS(w.  J.  .M.  Shepherd,  iireviously  ajjpointed  Mar- 
nhal.  to  till  vacancy,  resigned. 

Tenlli  election  April.  IStl.i.  William  W.  Wales. 
Mayor:  .\ldennen,  Louis  A'orwerl^.  lirst  ward; 
John  .\!.  Cushing.  second:  Elijah  Moulton.  third; 
William  (;lea.son.  fourth.  Appointed  otlieers, 
Dan  M.  Denimon.  City  Clerk:  James  A.  Lovejoy, 
Treasurer:  (i.  (i.  Loomis.  .Assessor:  J.  V.  Butter- 
lield.  Justice,  to  lill  vacancy:  M.  W.  (Jetchell, 
Marshal.  .May  Hitli.  J.  S.  Lane.  Chief  Engineer 
Fiiv  Department:  W.  A.  Howell,  lirst  assistant: 
I'eler  Thielen.  second:  May  liUh.  1).  V.  SpalVord. 
Sujtervi.sor,  succeeded  by  L.  D.  White:  .M.  W. 
(ielehell.  Assessor,  vice  Loomis,  deceased;  Oclo- 
iH-r  "til.  L.  D.  White.  Supervisor  resigned,  suc- 
ceeded liy  David  \'an  Deren. 

Eleventh  election,  April  M.  lS(i(i  O.  (  .  :\lerri- 
uian.  Mayor;  Aldermen:  llnliiit  Wclier,  first 
ward;  L.  15.  Schrum.  second  ward:  Thomas  .J. 
Tultle.  third  ward;  John  A.  Armstrong,  fourth 
ward.  Appointed  ollim-s— Dan  M.  Demnion, 
City  Clerk:  Samuel  II.  Chute.  Treasurer:  David 
Edwards.  Assessor:  Dan  M.  Demmon  and  Charles 
Henry,  Justices  for  two  years;  John  M.  Cushing 
and  William  Spooner,  Constiiltles  for  two  years; 
May  2iid.  William  Lodiren,  City  Attorney;  July 
i:<th.  .M.  W.  (ietrhell.  .Marshal,  hohling  over,  re- 
signed: .losrph  Van  Eman,  Supervisor,  resigned 
July  litlh. 

Twelfth  election.  Apl-Tl  2d.  1807  O.  C.  Merri- 
man.  .Mayor:  .Mdcrmen:  T.  .M.  liolian.  lirst 
ward:  (Jilliert  U.  Dake,  second  ward:  James  S. 
(•ane.  thirrl  ward:  (leorge  D.  Perkins,  fourth 
ward.  .\ppointeil  ullicers  Dai]  .M.  Denimon, 
City  Clerk:  E<l\v.  S.  ilinwii.  Treasurer;  Peter 
Tl.iilen    Assi'ssiir:    William   Lochren,  Attorney; 


Alison  Northrup,  Supervisor;  Michael  Hoy,  Mar- 
shal; Charles  Lamby,  City  Justice  for  one  year; 
"William  M.  Lashells  and  John  .\bel.  Constables 
for  one  year. 

Thirteenth  election.  April  7th,  1868— AVinthrop 
Young,  Mayor;  Aldermen:  Xicholas  Risch,  lirst 
ward:  L.  B.  Scrum,  second  ward:  J.  B.  CJilfillan, 
third  ward,  full  term;  D.  M.  Demmon,  third 
ward,  to  till  vacancy;  James  A.  Lovejoy,  foinlh 
ward .  Appointed  officers — AVilliam  Lochren ,  City 
Clerk;  E.  S.  Brown,  Treasurer:  Peter  Thielen. 
Assessor:  Michael  Hoy.  Marshal;  AV.  W.  Wood- 
bury and  Charles  Laniliy.  Justices;  Henry  AVei- 
mall  and  John  Abel.  Constables;  June  2d, 
Michael  Hoy.  Sui)ervisor:  B.  M.  Van  Alstine, 
Chief  Engineer  Fire  Department.  James  ]SIcMul- 
len  and  Baldwin  Brown,  Assistants;  March  lOlh, 
Peter  Thielen.  City  Clerk,  vice  AA'iUiam  Lochren. 

Fourteenth  election.  April  titli.  ISWi  AV.  AV.  Mc- 
Nair,Mayor:  Aldermen:  T.M.  Bolian.  lirst  ward: 
Patrick  Kennedy,  second  ward:  M.  W.  (ietchell. 
third  ward;  J.  M.  Pomeroy.  fourth  ward.  ^Vji- 
poiuted  otlicers -Peter  Thielen.  City  Clerk;  E.  S. 
Brown,  Treasurer;  C.  F.  Smith,  Assessor;  AV'ill- 
iam  Lochren,  Attorney:  Michael  Hoy.  JIarshal: 
ilay  4th.  D.  M.  Demnion.  Chief  Engineer  Fire 
Department.  Holiert  Hasty  and  Leonard  C.  Smith, 
As.sistants;  ^lay  tith,  Midiael  Hoy.  Supervisor  of 
Streets,  with  authority  to  appoint  an  assistant. 

Fifteenth  election,  .\pril  -Mh.  1,S7(I~AV.  AV.  Mc- 
>."air.  Mayor:  Aldermen:  Phillip  Pick,  lirst  ward; 
G.  B.  Dake,  second  want:  S.  H.  Chute,  third 
ward:  Thomas  Moulton.  fourth  ward.  Appoint- 
ed ollicers -Peter  Thielen.  City  Clerk;  E.  Oil- 
man. Treasurer;  L.  C.  Smith,  .\ssistant  Treas- 
in-er:  J.  B.  (:illill:in.  ,\ltoiney;  Michael  Hoy, 
Marshal;  William  M.  Lashells  and  P.  J.  Thielen. 
Justices;  John -Alerchant  and  .Michael  Ryan.  Con- 
stables; May  ;td,  F.  II.  Wanieke,  Supervisor. 

Sixteenth  and  last  election,  April  7tli,  1871— E. 
S.  Brown;  Mayor,  AldermiMi:  T..M.  Bolian.  lirst 
ward;  Patrick  Kennedy,  second  ward:  .M.  \\ . 
Getchell.  third  ward:  Charles  F.  Smith,  fourth 
ward.  Appointed  ollicers  Solon  .\rmsti'ong. 
City  Clerk;  Ernest  Ortnian,  Treasunr;  .M.  C. 
AVhite,  Assessor;  Matthias  Weir  and  Anton 
(irethen.  Constal)les;  Theodore  Hess,  Sui>ervisor, 
First  ward:  Charles  Mills,  Supervisor.  Second 
ward;  May  2d,  Solon  .Armstrong,  .lustice.  vice 
Thielen,  deceased;  .lames  S.  Lane.  Chief  Engi- 
neer Fire  Department. 


OFFICIAL  R08JEE  OF  MINNEAPOLIS. 


383 


OFFICIAL    ROSTER     OF    THE  CITY  OF   3IINNEAP- 
OLISi. 

In  1867,  the  city  of  Minneaiiolis  was  organized. 
The  first  officers  were  elected  February  Ifttli, 
1867,  and  took  the  official  oath  at  tlie  office  of  the 
Town  Clerk  February  26th.  following.  Tlie 
elected  officers  wlio  formed  tlie  lirst  city  council 
were:  D.  Morrison,  Mayor:  Aldermen— William 
II.  Gaslin,  Henry  Oswald  and  F.  L.  Morse,  fir.st 
ward:  Ilugli  G.  Harrison,  S.  II.  Mattison  and^. 
B.  Hill,  second  ward;  George  A.  Brackett,  R. 
Price  and  O.  B.  King,  third  ward:  Isaac  Atwater, 
F.  K.  F.  Cornell  and  G.  Scheitlin.  fourth  ward. 
F.  R.  E.  Cornell  was  elected  Presiilent  and  F.  L. 
Morse  ■\'ice-President.  Upon  drawing  by  lot  for 
the  term  of  office  as  aldermen,  the  result  was  as 
follows:  for  the  one  year  term.  Morse.  Harrison, 
Brackett  and  Atwater;  two  years  term:  (Jaslin, 
Mattison,  Price  and  Cornell:  three  years  term, 
Oswald,  Hill.  King  ajid  Scheitlin.  Appointed 
officers — Thomas  Hale  AVilliams,  City  Clerk:  1). 
R.  Barber,  Assessor;  March  9th.  II.  H.  Brackett, 
Chief  of  Police;  S.  H.  King,  City  Surveyor; 
Charles  E.  Flandrau,  City  Attorney;  A.  J.  Mc- 
Dougall,  Street  Commissioner.  March  16th,  the 
council  designated  the  bounds  constituting  the 
tire  limits,  fixed  upon  the  amount  of  Ijdud  re- 
quired of  the  several  officers  and  awarded  the  city 
printmg  to  T.  S.  King  of  the  Atlas  Printing 
Company.  At  the  same  meeting  it  was  decided 
to  employ  four  policemen  at  sixty  dollars  per 
month.  Several  new  offices  were  created  during 
the  remainder  of  the  year,  and  a  number  of  or- 
dinances added  for  the  better  government  of  the 
city.  A  board  of  health  was  established,  and 
Dr.  Lindley  appointed  health  officer.  The 
amount  required  in  the  City  Treasurer's  bond  was 
three  hundred  dollars. 

First  regidar  election,  April  7th,  1868.  H.  G. 
Harrison,  Mayor;  Aldermen— first  ward,  Frank  '■ 
L.  Morse;  second,  John  H.  Tlmnipsun:  tliird. 
George  A.  Brackett;  fourth.  Isaac  Atwater.  Ap- 
pointed officers— Thomas  Hale  Williams,  City 
Clerk;  O.M.  Laraway,  Treasurer:  .loliu  \'ander 
Ilorck,  Comptroller;  W.  U.  Webb,  Altoiney;  S. 
II.  King,  Street  Commissioner;  Daniel  L.  Day, 
Chief  of  Police;  D.  R.  Barber,  Assessor,  vice 
King,  resigned. 

Second  election,  April  6th,  18B9.  D.  Morrison, 
Mayor;  Aldermen— F.   Beede,  first   ward;  C.  B. 


Ileffelfinger,  second:  G.  M.  Stickney,  third; 
Charles  Clark,  fourth.  Aiipointed  otficers — 
Thomas  Hale  Williams,  City  Clerk;  O.  M.  Lara- 
way,  Treasurer;  J.  A'ander  Ilorck,  Comptroller; 
J.  M.  Shaw,  Attorney:  D.  ^birgan  and  II.  A. 
Partridge.  City  Justices:  O.  L.  Dudley.  Consta- 
ble; J.  B.  Clougli,  Street  Commissioner;  II.  II. 
Brackett,  Chief  of  Police. 

Third  election,  April  oth.  1870.  F.  B.  Ames, 
Mayor:  Aldermen-- Henry  Oswald,  ilrst  ward;' 
S.    H.  Mattison.  seciiud:  C.  .\I.  Ijoring,  third;  G. 

E.  Iluy.  fourth.  Appointed  officers— Thomas 
Hale  Williams.  Clerk;  O.  M.  Laraway.  Treasurer; 
J.  Vander  Hoick,  Coiiipt roller;  R.  D.  Rich,  Con- 
stable; J.  M.  Shaw,  Attorney;  J.  B.  Clough, 
Sm'veyor  and  Street  Commissioner,  succeeded  by 
M.  Van  Duzee,  May  6th.  February  27th,  1871, 
I).  R.  Barber  was  appointed  Assessor  to  fill  va- 
cancy. 

Fourth  election,  April  4tli,  1871.  E.  B.  Ames, 
Mayor;  Aldermen.  F.  L.  Morse,  first  ward;  A.  M. 
Reid,  second;  O.  A.  Pray,  third;  F.  R.  E.  Cornell, 
fourth.  Appointed  officers,  Thomas  Hale  Wil- 
liams, City  Clerk ;  Charles  Darrow,  Treasurer ; 
Jolm  Vander  Ilorck.  Comptroller;  D.  R.  Barber, 
Assessor ;  J.  M.  Shaw,  Attorney  ;  J.  L.  Ilimes 
and  H.  G.  Hicks,  Justices;  J.  D.  Rich,  Constable: 
Cortez  L.  Peck,  Chief  of  Police.  July  oth,  A.  H. 
Young.  Attorney,  vice  Shaw  resigned.  William 

F.  Caliill  AldeiMian  first  ward  to  fill  vacancy; 
September  6th.  O.  .\I.  Lara\va\ .  Treasurer,  vice 
Darrow. 

Previous  to  the  next  annual  election  the  cities 
of  Miimeapolis  and  St.  Anthony  were  united  by 
an  act  of  the  State  Legislature  approved  Feb- 
ruary 28th,  1872.  April  Oth.  1872,  the  new  eouii- 
ci!  was  organized.  The  ofiicers  present  were 
Aldermen  Richard  Fewer,  M.  W.  (ilenii,  Bald- 
win Brown.  G.  T.  Towiisend.  T.  J.  Tuttle,  Jolm 
\'ander  Hoick.  W.  I',  .\nkeiiy.  Peter  Kaueii,  A. 
.\I.  licid.  C.  M.  Ilanlcubergh,  S.  C.  Gale.  ().  A. 
Pray,  Leonard  Da\ ,  .N.  15.  Hill.  Edward  .Murphy, 
Isaac  Atwater.  Joel  I!.  IJassett  and  John  Orth. 
The  oath  of  office  was  taken.  Alderman  Atwater 
elected  tenii)orary  cliainnaii  and  the  council  pro- 
ceeded to  tlie  piTuiaucnt  organization  of  the 
city  government  of  Minneapolis.  A.  M.  Reid 
was  chosen  President,  K.  \V.  Cutler,  Vice  Presi- 
dent and  Thomas  llalc  Williams,  Clerk.  The 
standing  rules  "f   the    Inniirr   city   government 


384 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


of  Minneapolis  were  adopted,  a  few  subordinate 
officers  were  appointed  and  the  first  session  of 
tlie  consolidated  city  government  closed. 

April  llilli  tlie  council  convened  for  the  tran- 
saction of  necessary  business.  The  newly  elected 
Mayor.  E.  M.  Wilson,  delivered  his  inaugural 
address,  after  which  the  usual  committees  were 
aplMiinted.  11.  II.  Corson  was  appointed  Chief 
Engineer  of  the  Fire  Department,  and  1).  K. 
Harber,  Assessor  of  the  AVest  Division.  April 
17th.  the  police  force  was  reorganized,  with  a 
Chief,  Cai>taiu,  Sergeant  and  ten  patrolmen. 
May  8tli,  Dr.  Charles  Simpson  was  appointed 
Health  Ollicer;  June  5111.  .\.  M.  Meirick.  City 
.\ll(irney. 

First  election.   April   1st,   1873.      George  A. 

IJrackett.  Mayor;    Aldennen,  John   Orth,  firet 

ward:  Charles  Tliielen.  second;  .Solon  Armstrong,   i 

I 
third:  Simeon  1).   HoUins,   foiu'th:  Joel  15.  Has- 

selt.  fifth:  U.  E.  Grimshaw.  sixth;  C.  M.  llarden- 
liergli,  seventh;  E.  S.  Jones,  eighth;  Leonard 
Day.  ninth:  William  II.  Johnson,  tenth.  Charles 
W.Johnson.  City  Clerk:  O.  M.  Lannvay.  Treas- 
urer; Eniest  Oilman,  Comptroller:  A.  M.  Mer- 
rick, Attorney:  II.  II.  Corson.  City  Enyineer: 
Dr.  Charles  Siini)soii,  Health  Ollicer. 

Second  election  April  7tli.  1H74.  E.  M.  AVil- 
soii.  Mayor;  Aldermen,  (iottfrled  Hoehine.  fust 
ward:  (i.  H.  Dake.  second:  O.  C.  Merriman. 
third:  (i.  M.  Townseiid.  fourth:  John  A'aiider 
Hoick,  fifth;  II.  A.  C.  Thonipson.  sixth;  A.  M. 
Iteid.  seventh;  X.  H.  Thompson,  eighth:  Wm.  E.  i 
J<iiies.  ninth;  A.  II.  Edsten.  tenth:  Frank  J. 
Meade.  City  Clerk;  O.  .M.  Earaway.  Treasurer; 
Ernest  Oilman.  Comptroller.  A.  M.  Merrick, 
Attorney;  (Jrove  H.  Cooley.  .Municipal  Judge; 
Ed.  J.  Daveiipoil.  Clerk  Municipal  Court:  J.  15. 
Clough.  City  Engincci;  Dr.  ('llalll■^  Sinii'son, 
Health  (Jllicer. 

Third  election  .\|iril  Mli.  1K7.').  <).  C.  .Merri- 
man. Mayor:  Aldermen.  T.  .M.  liohaii.  lirst  ward; 
M.  W.  (tleiin,  second;  Solon  .\niistioiig,  third, 
resigned,  succeeded  by  lialdwiii  liioun;  T.  F. 
Anderson,  fouitli;  F.  L.  Morse,  liftli:  ( ).  .1.  Evans, 
sixth:  .\I.  E.  Higgins.  seventh:  C.  L.  Snyder, 
eightli;  .\.  .\.  .\mes.  ninth:  W.  H.  Johnson, 
tenth.  Frank  J.  Meade.  City  Clerk;  O.  M.  Lar- 
away,  Treasurer,  Ernest  Orlman.  Comptroller;  I 
Eugene  .M.  Wilson,  .\ttoriiey:  J.  H.  Clough.  En- 
L'ineei;   Dr.    Charles    Siuiiisoii,    Health    Ollicer;   ' 


Grove  B.  Cooley.  Municipal  Judge;  Ed.  J.  Dav- 
enport, Clerk  Municipal  Court;  John  H.  Noble, 
Chief  of  Police:  W.  M.  Urackett.  Chief  of  Fire 
Department,  west  division;  M.  15.  Rollins.  Chief 
of  Fire  Department,  east  division:  Sweet  V,'. 
Case,  Assessor,  west  divison:  C.  F.  Smith.  As- 
sessor, east  division. 

Fourth  election.  Aiiril  4tli.  ISTii.  A.  A.  ^Vmes. 
Mayor;  Aldermen,  Gottfried  Boelime.  tirst  ward; 
Michael  Lyon,  second;  Kaldwin  Brown,  third; 
A.  R.  Camp,  fourth:  Daniel  Waitt.  fifth:  Wil- 
liam Duncan,  fifth,  to  till  vacancy;  H.  A.  C. 
Thompson,  si.xth:  N.  F.  (iiiswold,  seventh;  John 
H.  Stevens,  eiulitli:  .1.  II.  Conkey.  ninth:  II. 
Kruckeberg.  teiitli.  .Vpril  loth,  J.  O.  Pattee, 
ninth,  vice  Ames,  elected  ^layor:  E.  S.  Corser, 
seventh,  vice  M.  L.  Higgins,  resigned.  Frank 
J.  Meade,  City  Clerk;  O.  M.  Laraway,  Treas- 
urer: Ernest  Ortman.  Comptroller;  Eugene  M. 
Wilson,  Attorney;  Thomas  L.  Rosser.  Engi- 
neer; Dr.  ii.  F.  Townsend.  Health  Officer; 
Grove  15.  Cooley.  Municipal  Judge:  Ed.  J.  Dav- 
enport. Clerk  Municipal  Coiut;  Albert  S.  Plun- 
ger, Chief  of  Police;  W.  M.  Brackett,  Chief 
of  Fire  Department,  west  division:  M.  B.  Rollins. 
Chief  of  Fire  Department,  east  division. 

Fifth  election.  .\i)ril  M.  1877.  John  De  Laitti'e, 
Mayor:  Aldermen.  T.  ^I.  Rohan,  lirst  ward;  M. 
W.  Glenn,  second;  Solon  .\rmslrong.  third,  P.  D. 
McMillan,  fourth:  J.  B.  Bassett.  liftli;  J.  G.  Mc- 
Farlane.  si.xth:  E.  S.  Corser,  seventh;  C.  L.  Sny- 
der, eighth;  J.  O.  Pattee,  ninth;  A.  F.  Jackson, 
tenth,  l-'rank  J.  Meade.  City  Clerk;  T.  J.  Bux- 
ton, Treasurer;  William  Lochren,  Attorney; 
Andrew  Rinker.  Engineer;  S.  W.  Case,  Assessor, 
west  division;  (i.  B.  Dake,  Assessor,  east  divi- 
sion; 1)1.  A.  .\.  Ames.  Hcallli  Ollicer;  (J.  B. 
Cooley,  Municijial  Judge;  U'cuImh  licMiolds, 
Siie<'ial  .Municipal  .Indgc;  I,.  .\.  Dunn.  Clerk 
Municii'al  Court,  .lime  Uillli.  W.  I!.  ll;ill.Coin- 
jitroller.  vice  Ortman.  i('signi'<l;  Novcniber  7th, 
Malhias  Kees,  Alderman,  sixth  ward,  vice 
Thompson,  resigned. 

Sixth  election.  Ai)ril  2d.  1878.  A.  C.  Rand, 
Mayor.  The  number  of  wards  was  reduced  to 
six  and  lliree  inenibers  elected  Ironi  each  for 
terms  of  one.  two  and  three  years.  Aldennen. 
lirst  ward.  P.  J.  Thielen  one  year,  M.  ],>ons  two 
years,  B.  F.  Nel.son  three  yeai's;  second  ward, 
T.  F.  Andrews  one  year,  W.   M.  Barrows  two 


MINNEAPOLIS  AFTER  THIRTY  YEARS. 


385 


years,  A.  K.  Camp  three  years;  third  ward,  J. 
W.  Anderson  one  year,  H.  C.  Morse  two  years,  D. 
Waitt  three  years;  fourth  ward,  E.  S.  Corser  one 
year,  F.  S.  Gilsoii  two  years,  W.  W.  Woodward 
three  years;  fifth  ward,  A.  Frank  Gale  one  year, 
Fred  L.  Smitli  two  years,  C.  L.  Snyder  tliree 
years;  sixth  ward,  Karl  Bendeke  one  year,  Mat- 
hew  Walsli  two  years,  A.  C.  Haugan  three  years. 
Selah  ilatliews.  City  Clerk;  Assessors,  A.  C. 
Austin,  G.  B.  Dake,  William  A.  Barnes; 
W.  B.  Hill.  Comptroller ;  William  Loch- 
ren.  Attorney;  A.  Rinker,  Engineer;  Dr.  O.  J. 
Evans,  Health  Officer;  Thomas  C.  Wilson,  Clerk 
of  Municipal  Court;  A.  S.  iSIunger,  Chief  of  Po- 
lice, A.  C.  Berry,  Captain,  John  West,  Sergeant, 
Michael  Hoy,  Detective;  W.  M.  Brackett,  Chief 
of  Fire  Department.  W.  C.  Stetson  and  C.  Fred- 
erichs.  Assistants. 

Seventh  election,  April  1st.  1879.  A.  C.  Rand, 
Mayor;  Aldermen:  M.  W.  Glenn,  first  ward;  J. 
H.  Gilmore,  second  ward;  J.  W.  Anderson,  third 
ward;  Frank  Beebe,  fourth  ward;  .J.  M.  Parker, 
fifth  ward;  Joseph  Ilolscher,  sixth  ward.  R.  C. 
Benton,  Attorney;  William  B.  Ilill,  Comptroller; 
T.  J.  Buxton.  Treasurer;  Dr.  A.  II.  Salisbury, 
Health  Officer;  Andrew  Rinker,  Engineer;  Ed. 
McDermott,  Sealer  of  Weights  and  Measures; 
A.  S.  Mnnger,  Chief  of  Police;  W.  il.  Brackett, 
Chief  of  Fire  Department. 

Eighth  election,  April,  1880.  As  this  year 
closes  the  ofticial  record,  the  entire  list  is  given, 
embracing  both  those  officers  elected  in  1880  and 
those  holding  over  from  previous  elections:  A. 
C.  Rand,  Mayor.  Citj'  Council,  A.  R.  Camp, 
President;  C.  L.  Snyder,  Vice-President;  Alder- 
.  men,  first  ward,  B.  F.  Nelson,  M.  Lyons,  M.  W. 
Glenn;  second  ward,  A.  R.  Camp,  W.  M.  Bar- 
rows, J.  11.  Gilmore;  third  ward,  D.  Waitt,  H. 
C.  Morse,  J.  W.  Anderson;  fourth  ward,  W.  W. 
Woodward,  F.  S.  Gilson,  F.  Beelje;  fiflli  ward, 
F.  L.  Smith,  C.  L.  Snyder,  J.  M.  Parker;  sixth 
ward,  M.  Walsh,  A.  C.  Haugan,  Josepli  Ilolscher. 
Selah  Mathews,  City  Clerk;  T.  J.  Buxton,  Treas- 
urer; W.  B.  Hill,  Comptroller;  R.  C.  Benton,  City 
Attorney;  W.  M.  Brackett,  Chief  Engineer  Fire 
Department;  W.  H.  Johnson,  Superintendent  of 
Water-works;  Andrew  Rinker,  City  Engineer; 
Grove  B.  Cooley,  Judge  of  Municipal  Court;  A. 
S.  Hunger  Chief  of  Police;  Dr.  A.  H.  Salisbury, 

Health  officer. 
25 


CHAPTER  LXII. 

AFTER  THIRTY  YK.VRS—.STREETS  AND  AVENUES 
—  BUILDINGS  —  STATISTICS  —  POPULATION  — 
DEVELOPMENT  OT  THE  WATER    POWER. 

After  following  the  settlement  and  growth  of 
Minneapolis  until  its  population  became  so 
numerous  that  it  was  possil)le  to  mention  only 
the  few  who  had  become  conspicuous,  from  large 
fortunes  made  by  the  rai)id  advance  in  prices 
and  skillful  business  management,  or  from  re- 
ceiving the  honors  of  the  people  in  consequence 
of  enterprise,  public  spirit  and  high  talent.  It 
will  be  more  interestmg  to  leap  over  the  iiiter- 
veiung  years  and  take  a  view  of  the  city  as  it 
appears  in  1881,  with  its  population  of  fifty 
thousand,  covering  an  area  of  nine  square  miles 
with  houses,  the  largest  city  north-west  of  Chicago 
and  ililwaukee,  and  except  St.  Louis  and  Kan- 
sas City,  the  largest  between  the  Mississippi  river 
and  the  Rocky  mountains. 

The  surface  of  the  country,  from  its  almost 
level  character,  admits  of  extension  in  every  di- 
rection, and  at  the  same  time  obviates  the  neces- 
sity of  heavy  and  expensive  grading.    The  same 
feature  was  favorable  for  regularity  in  the  streets, 
and  the  beauty  of  the  city  would  have  been  en- 
hanced, had  the  irregular  course  of  the  river  been 
disregarded,  and  the  streets  laid  out  north  and 
south,  instead  of  following  its  torturous  course. 
At  a  distance  from  the  river  the  north  and  south 
course  is  adopted  and  the  streets  are  regularly 
laid  out,  but  at  the  intersection  of  streets  run- 
ning by  the  first  iilau  and  the  new  one,  many  tri- 
angular pieces  are  formed  which  are  a  blemish  to 
the  appearance  of  the  city.    It  must  in  justice 
be  stated,  however,  tliat  the  regularity  both  in 
the  course  of  the  streets  and  avenues,  and  the 
numbering  of  houses  is  better  than  in  most  cities 
east  or  west.    The  streets  and  avenues  aie  named 
numerically,  excei)t  the  four  pi-inci|)al  avenues, 
Washington,  Hennepin,  and    Nicollet    on    the 
West  and  Central  on  the  East  Side,  and  a  few 
formed  by  the  irregularity  of  the  city  before 
mentioned.     The  streets  run   nortli  and  south, 
and  the  avenues  east  and  west ,  except  where  varied 
by  the  original  plats,  which  were  made  to  con- 
form to  the  river.     The  streets  and  avenues  are 


386 


mSTOBY  OF  HEJSrXEPIN  COUNTY. 


wide,  averaging  about  one  lumdred  feet.  In  the 
central  portion  of  the  city  tlie  old  wooden  build- 
ings have  been  largely  replaced  by  substantial 
and  elegiuit  brick  and  sbmc  slnictures,  and  the 
reconstruction  is  going  rapidly  forward,  which 
gives  the  business  portion  of  the  city  somewhat 
the  apiiearance  of  solidity  cliaracteristic  of  the 
older  cities  in  the  ca.st. 

IJeyond  the  business  centre  arc  seen  many 
beautifid  private  residences,  giving  cviilence  of 
wealth  and  refinement,  differing,  however,  from 
the  wealthy  cities  of  the  east  by  liaving  larger 
lots  and  more  extensive  grounds  laid  out  with 
taste.  Indeed  the  resident  portion  of  the  city 
unites  the  comfort  and  freedom  of  large  villages 
with  the  advantages  of  a  ci1\  of  considerable 
wealth. 

The  most  valuablr  Imililintr  material  is  the  na- 
tive limestone,  which  iniderlics  large  areas  in 
and  near  the  city,  in  strata  of  uniform  thickness, 
convenient  for  the  erection  of  substantial  and  el- 
egant structures.  This  stone  is  largely  utilized 
for  botli  public  and  private  building.  Extensive 
deposits  of  brick  clay  also  exist,  from  which  build- 
ers are  furnished  witli  bricks  in  color  and  texture 
like  those  of  Milwaukee.  It  must  be  added, 
though  it  may  seem  superfluous  in  a  great  lum- 
ber city  like  Minneapolis,  that  soft  and  hard 
timber,  at  low  prices,  furnishes  material  for  the 
cxtnstniction  of  the  gieatcst  nuiubcrdf  buildings. 

In  ailditidu  to  the  materials  mentioned,  many 
Iniilding  stones  of  greater  beauty  are  brought 
from  a  distance,  for  ornamental  finish  or  for  the 
entire  ciinstruction  c)f  Imildings.  Prominent 
among  tliese  foreign  materials  are  the  Ohio  sand- 
stone, from  wliich  we  liave  many  buildings,  and 
tlie  Dulntli  brown-stone,  used  for  the  new  AVest- 
miustcr  I'rcsliytcrlan  cliMich  and  (ithcr  iMlilices. 

The  streets  are  well  lighted  with  gas.  cxceiil  in 
parts  remote  from  the  centre  where  the  mains 
have  not  yet  been  extended;  liere  gasoline  isuseil. 

Tlie  system  of  sewerage  is  extending  rajiidly, 
and  already  forms  a  network  chaining  a  large 
pftrlion  of  the  city;  tliis  is  an  herculean  task  in 
a  rliniate  where  pipes  are  laid  nine  feet  below 
the  surface  to  avoid  the  action  of  the  frost.  A 
general  tax  is  levied  for  that  jxirtion  of  the  sew- 
erage wliicli  benelitfl  the  city  at  large,  and  spe- 
cial taxes  are  ass<'ss<Ml  on  the  abutting  property  to 
provide  for  this  ex|>ensive  improvement. 


At  the  session  of  the  legislatm-e  of  1881,  a  bill 
was  passed  authorizing  the  city  to  issue  bonds  to 
the  amount  of  S'jCOOO  to  carry  out  extensive 
plans  for  sewerage. 

The  amount  invested  in  Iniildings  in  IS'n,  as 
shown  by  the  aiuiual  i-eport  of  the  Board  of 
Trade,  to  wliom  we  are  indebted  for  these  and 
other  facts  in  regard  to  the  present  status  of  Min- 
neapolis, was  S2. 718.600,  an  increase  of  51,605,- 
750  over  the  year  1876.  An  acciu-ate  measure- 
ment of  the  frontage  of  all  buildings  erected 
during  the  year  lS7ii.  gives  a  distance  amounting 
to  two  and  a  half  miles  solid,  with  no  allowance 
made  for  streets 

During  the  year  1880,  the  report  shows  a  front- 
age of  l)usiness  blocks  greater  by  329  feet  than 
the  previous  year,  and  a  gain  of  177  in  the  num- 
ber of  residences  built,  over  the  previous  year. 
The  total  amount  of  building  in  1880  was:  twen- 
ty-six Ijusiness  blocks  for  forty-three  stores,  with 
afrontiigeof  1,187  feet,  costmg  S257,0()0;  eleven 
frame  stores,  224  feet,  §16.000;  two  elevators,  $70,- 
000;  expended  on  three  flouring  mills.  S;375,000; 
other  improvements  on  mills,  §60,000;  manufactur- 
ing buildings,  $136,.500;  four  school  buildings,  S38,- 
000;  expended  on  four  chm'ches,  §62,000;  (jonnty 
jail,  §60.000;  four  railroad  buildings.  §26.000; 
street-car  and  other  public  stables,  §27,000;  four 
hundred  and  seventy-three  residences,  costing 
over  §1 .000  each,  total.  S8K8.200;  estimated  eighty 
other  residences  at  §.S(IO  each.  §61.(100.  making  a 
grand  total  of  §2,080,600.  Total  sales  of  real 
estate  dining  the  year,  §5.103,017;  the  largest  in- 
cluded was  the  sale  to  J.J.  Hill  by  Water  Power 
Company,  §465,000.  The  increase  in  business 
blocks  and  jirivate  residences  though  large  was 
notecjual  td  ihc  (Icinand.and  at  present  ascarcity 
exists  in  bntli. 

The  increase  in  men  anlilc  and  iiiaiiiil'acliiriug 
interests  was  greater  during  1880,  than  any  pre- 
ceding year,  but  the  demands  of  the  new  country 
d(^velo])ing  and  looking  to  Minneapolis  for  suiv 
plies,  have  been  in  excess  of  the  facilities  1 1  in  lis)  leil 
liere.  In  short,  the  demands  in  all  departments 
of  enterjiiise  in  the  city  are  greater  than  the 
sup|)ly.  calling  in  ini|)erative  tones  for  more  cap- 
ital in  the  various  departments  of  the  city  trade 
til  kee]i  pace  Willi  llic  enlarged  and  growing  de- 
mands of  the  suridiiuding  country.  More  than 
1,600  miles  of  railroad    have  been   built   during 


INCREASE  IN  POPULATION. 


387 


the  year,  extending  into  connti-y  tiilnitai y  to  this 
city,  and  still  greater  plans  are  on  foot  for  the 
ensuing  year.  A  summary  of  business  for  live 
successive  years  is  as  follows:  1876,  S21.017,Sli); 
1877,  $30,912,152;  1878,  §47,149,87.5;  1879,  $62,- 
801,513;  1880,  $88,298,820.  The  total  bonded  in- 
debtedness of  thecity  in  1880,  was $1,101,000,  and 
$395,162.42  was  levied  in  taxes  diuing  the  year. 

The  fact  that  the  tendency  of  capital,  in  util- 
izing the  water-power,  is  directed  to  the  construc- 
tion of  great  flouring  mills  with  such  improved 
facilities  as  to  manufacture  large  (luantities  of 
flour  without  the  employment  of  many  hands,  is 
not  conducive  to  the  most  rapid  growth  of  the 
city,  but  it  is  also  true  that  the  mills  now  build- 
ing are  of  such  mammoth  proixirtions  and  em- 
ploy so  large  a  capital  in  construction  and  opera- 
tion, that  small  concerns  will  eventually  be 
unable  to  compete,  and  capital  will  be  directed 
into  other  channels.  The  building  of  flouring 
mills  has  been  stimulated  by  high  prices,  and 
doubtless  the  business  will  be  enlarged  to  keep 
pace  with  the  increasing  acreage  in  the  north- 
west. The  undeveloped  power  of  the  falls,  ad- 
mits of  the  introduction  of  all  kinds  of  mechanical 
industries  imder  most  favoralile  conditions  for 
success.  In  the  chapter  on  mills  and  manufac- 
tories, will  be  seen  the  extent  to  which  the  power 
is  already  utilized  and  the  amount  still  luiused. 
In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  growth  of  jNIinneap- 
olis,  hitherto  has  been  due  to  the  development  of 
the  power  of  the  falls,  we  may  safely  predict  a 
very  large  city  when  this  power  is  utilized  to  its 
full  extent,  especially  if  manufactories  of  furni- 
ture, woolen  and  cotton  goods,  and  other  indus- 
tries employing  many  laborers  are  multiplied. 

It  may  be  interesting  and  profital)le  to  compare 
the  growth  of  this  city  with  that  of  others,  partly 
by  way  of  indication  of  what  its  future  may  be, 
and  partly  to  satisfy  the  desire  of  every  western 
citizen  to  know  how  his  favorite  city  has  held  her 
own  in  the  strife  for  supremacy.  New  York  city 
in  1656  had  a  population  of  one  thousand;  in 
1756,  at  the  end  of  the  first  centm-y  of  its  exist- 
ence, a  little  over  ten  thousand;  in  1800,  over 
sixty  thousand;  in  1820,  nearly  one  hundred  and 
twenty-four  thousand;  in  1830,  over  two  hundred 
thousand;  in  1880,  1,206,590.  Chicago  came  into 
existence  in  1831,  with  about  the  same  number  of 
houses  which  Minneapolis  liad  in  the  spring  of 


1854.  In  1837  its  population  was  4,170;  in  1840, 
4,853;  in  1850,  29,963;  in  1860,  twenty-nhie  years 
from  its  first  life,  112,172;  in  1870,  298,977;  in 
1880,  503,304.  Minneapolis  in  1S70,  Hfteen  years 
from  the  time  when  the  land  was  opened  for  set- 
tlement, had  a  population  of  18,079,  and  in  1876 
was  estimated  at  32.000;  in  IHSn,  after  twenty- 
flve  years,  48.053. 

These  tigures  are  gratifying  to  the  vanity  of 
north-western  enthusiasts  and  encouraging  to 
property  owners  in  the  infant  city,  as  they  show 
a  growth  with  which  the  older  cities  of  the  coun- 
try can  afford  no  comparison,  and  a  parallel  to 
Chicago,  the  greatest  prodigy  on  the  continent. 
Chicago,  at  the  sixth  year  of  its  existence,  had 
4,170;  Minneapolis,  at  lifth,  5,809.  Chicago  at 
the  ninth  year,  4,853;  Minneapolis  at  the  fifteenth, 
18,079.  The  percentage  of  growth  from  1870  to 
1880,  269  per  cent.,  was  not  equaled  by  any  city 
of  equal  size  on  the  continent. 

The  population  of  Minneapolis  by  the  census 
of  1880  was  48,053,  but  at  the  present  time  doubt- 
less exceeds  50,000. 

The  projected  plans  tVir  machine-shops  con- 
nected with  the  great  trunk  lines  extendmg  west 
promise  to  add  inunediately,  thousands  to  the  per- 
manent population  of  the  city,  besides  the  num- 
ber temorarily  employed  in  the  construction  of 
new  buildings  and  new  roads.  Minneapolis  is 
emphatically  a  busy  city,  and  visitors  from  the 
east  are  disposed  to  find  fault  with  a  town  whose 
citizens  cannot  find  time  to  waste  in  idle  talk. 
The  recent  purchase  of  the  east-side  water-power 
by  James  J.  Ilill,  manager  of  the  St.  Paul,  Min- 
neapolis and  Manitoba  railway,  has  given  a  new 
impetus  to  the  manufacturing  interests.  The 
purchase  was  made  March  1st,  1880,  for  a  private 
company,  consisting  of  James  J.  Hill  and  others 
interested  in  operating  the  railway,  though  a 
distinct  company,  and  the  price  paid  was  to  the 
St.  Anthony  "Water  Power  Comiiany,  $425,000, 
and  to  Mr.  Eastman  for  a  few  i)rivileges  not  con- 
trolled by  that  company,  an  additional  sum  of 
$42,500,  making  a  total  investment  of  $467,500. 

The  city  has  no  marked  characteristic  except 
the  great  river  with  its  wonderful  walci-fall,  and 
the  industries  which  it  supijorts.  ( )f  all  the  in- 
dustries, that  of  the  floiu'ing  mills  is  the  fore- 
most, and  of  such  extent  as  not  only  to  charac- 
terize Miimeapolis  as  a  milling  city,  but  also  to 


888 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


entitle  it  to  the  position  of  the  first  in  the 
world.  Tlie  three  great  mills  are  the  Wash- 
bum  A.  with  ca]iacity.  when  comiilete.  es- 
timated at  4,2(»0  barrels,  the  Pillsbury  A,  in 
process  of  building,  estimated  at  4,800,  and  the 
Crown  Holler  at  S.ooii.  liesides  twenty-three  more 
making  a  total  thiily  capacity  of  2o.22-')  according 
to  the  estimate  of  the  Board  of  Trade. 

In  givUig  a  history  of  the  milling  interests  of 
Minneapolis,  it  will  be  necessary  to  give  a  sketch 
of  the  clianges  the  falls  themselves  have  under- 
gone since  their  first  discovery,  but  we  shall  not 
attempt  to  usurj'  the  ground  covered  by  the 
"Pioneers  and  Kxi)lorei-s."  That  the  falls  received 
tlieii-  name  '•  St.  Anthony ""  from  i'allier  Hen- 
nepin has  been  already  recorded,  and  the  ever- 
la.sting  rocks,  bear  testimony  to  tlieir  "  change  of 
veinie"  by  a  gorge  cut  from  llie  mouth  of  the 
Minnesota  river  to  St.  Anthony.  The  strata  of 
rock  forming  the  bed  of  the  river  was  superiin- 
lM)sed  uiwn  white  sandstone  of  a  very  friable 
nature.  From  tliis  cause  the  recession  proceeded 
rajiidly  liy  the  combined  action  of  frost  and 
water,  for  the  erosion  destroyed  the  sandstone 
substratum,  and  the  action  of  the  frost  and 
water  cdmbined  broke  down  the  rock  bed  of  the 
river.  Still  another  destructive  force  was  added, 
namely  the  hand  of  man  in  attcm))ting  to  make 
the  jHiwer  more  available.  Tlie  value  of  a  water- 
fall consists  iLs  much  in  its  availability  as  in 
volume  and  height,  and  in  the.se  respects  the 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony  excel,  owing  to  the  high 
bluffs  on  each  side  of  the  river  al)Ove  the  falls, 
through  which  sluiceij  can  be  cut,  conducting  the 
water  to  Humes  or  canals  parallel  with  tlie  main 
channel.  JJesides,  the  water-jjower  companies, 
by  dams  built  for  the  advantage  of  mills  situated 
on  each  bank, forced  the  Hood  ol  tlic  livci-  lo  alioul 
one-third  the  natural  width  of  the  stream  and 
thus  hasteuecl  the  disintegiatioii.  The  work  of 
destruction  by  these  various  causes  continued 
silently  but  nevertheless  with  alarming  rapidity. 
The  attention  of  <-itizens  was  (M'casionally  called 
to  the  danger  when  the  uuileiniining  iirocess 
caused  an  unusual  recession,  as  in  Ihol,  when 
Hcvenil  HKis,  ninety  feet  by  iu-tual  measurement, 
of  the  supers! ratuiii  fell  in  one  huge  mass  in  the 
foaming  wat^T.  It  will  be  int4-resting  to  many 
to  find  here  a  record  of  the  exact  location  of  the 
crest   of   Uie   fall  in   IH.'iu.     We,  therefore,  give 


points  from  which  any  one  may  ascertain  it,  and 
note  the  recession. 

.V  line  ruiniing  south  oO  deg.  west  from  the 
north-west  comer  of  the  "  PUlsbury  A"  mill, 
would  sti-ike  the  bend  hi  the  crest  of  the  falls,  as 
it  was  ill  1H.")().  about  2o(i  feet  west  of  its  eastern 
end  at  the  old  fi'ame  saw-mill,  and  would  follow 
its  crest  to  a  point  on  the  west  side,  nine  feet 
above  the  lower  corner  of  the  Minneapolis  Mill, 
of  Crocker,  Fisk  and  ('om])any.  The  data  are 
obtained  from  records  made  and  preserved  by  C. 
W.  Christmas.  Persons  interested,  by  standing 
at  the  corner  of  the  Pillsbury  A  mill,  can  easily 
follow  this  line  and  mark  the  recession  of  the 
falls  during  the  thirty  years  which  have  elapsed 
*ince  the  record  was  made. 

Dr.  S.  II.  Chute,  in  isr>4.  excavated  a  tunnel 
eight  feet  in  diameter,  beginning  just  below  the 
Chalybeate  springs,  through  the  soft  sand  rock 
about  two  hundred  feet  in  a  straight  line,  thence 
parallel  with  the  river  to  the  fall,  for  a  tail-race, 
in  order  to  secure  greater  head  in  utilizing  the 
power.  Into  tliis  subterranean  channel,  it  was 
supposed,  after  encasing  it  with  masom-y  or 
sheet  iron,  the  waste  water  from  many  mills 
could  be  conducted.  The  work  was  never  com- 
pleted, but  the  eroding  tooth  was  b\  this  means, 
admitted  to  cut  more  rapidly  at  the  very  vitals 
of  the  |)ower.  This  excavation  was  called  Chute's 
cave,  and  visitors  at  the  falls  w'ere  invited  to  ex- 
plore its  dark  regions  in  a  boat  kept  there  for  the 
purpose  by  persons  interested  in  a  place  of  resort 
near  the  spring.  The  attractions  here  were  the 
mineral  water,  which  still  continues  to  How  in 
great  abundance  from  fissures  in  the  rock,  a  fi.sh 
]>ond  and  a  few  curiosities  of  the  animal  king- 
dom. The  view  of  the  falls  willi  these  extraor- 
(liii;n>  Inducciiiciits.  rcwiirdnl  tlic  tourisl  foi'  tlio 
fatigue  of  descending  the  long  stairway  to  the 
bed  of  the  river,  and  the  patronage  of  swing, 
boat  and  restaurant  comiieiLsated  the  enterpris- 
ing owner.  The  springs  continue  to  furnish 
meilicinal  water,  but  the  remainder  gave  place 
during  the  winter  of  isso  1,  to  the  progressive 
enterprise  of  mill  building.  During  the  winter 
of  1880—1,  occurred  the  breaking  down  of  the 
limestone  ledge  above  the  tunnel.  Into  the  hole, 
tumbled  a  part  of  Main  street.  .V  tree  was 
swallowed  up  lo  the  limbs,  and  the  corner  of  a 
mill  standing  near,  settled  to  an  ahirniiug extent. 


HENNEFIN  ISLAND  TUNNEL. 


389 


The  danger  was  near  the  large  and  expensive 
Pillsbury  A,  but  fortunately  its  foundations  are 
secure. 

Still  another  and  the  most  dangerous  tunnel, 
was  the  excavation  on  Hennepin  Island,  begun 
in  1868  by  W.  W.  Eastman  and  others,  at  the  foot 
of  Hennepin  Island,  and  intended  to  extend 
under  the  island  and  under  the  river  to  Xieollet 
Island,  where  the  manufacturing  establishments 
were  to  lie  located .  Before  the  work  approached 
completion,  and  while  it  was  progressing  under 
the  river  above  the  island,  dangerous  percolation 
began  which  continued  through  new  and  enlarged 
apertures,  but  the  alarm  did  not  discontinue  the 
work  initil  the  laborers  were  driven  ont  by  the 
rapidly  increasing  torrent,  by  which  one  of  their 
number  was  swept  away  iato  the  current  below 
and  narrowly  escaped  drowning,  while  the  re- 
mainder hurried  out  by  a  perpendicular  shaft  that 
had  been  sunk  at  the  head  of  Hennepin  Island. 

The  power  of  the  falls  was  thus  turned  to 
their  own  destruction;  the  sides  of  the  tunnel 
dropped  in  and  Ao\vn  went  the  rocks  forming  the 
river"s  bed,  with  logs  and  debris  in  a  tangled 
mass.  The  alarm  was  given  "The  falls  are  going 
out!"  and  citizens  as  well  as  proprietors  joined  in 
the  effort  to  stay  the  destruction.  The  alarm 
was  well  grounded,  for  the  rock  bed  of  the  river 
only  extended  twelve  hundred  feet  above  the 
falls,  having  at  the  time  of  the  settlement  of  St. 
Anthony  cut  its  way  nearly  through  the  limestone 
layer.  The  temporary  expedients  resorted  to 
were  contmued,  renewed  and  changed,  until  by 
an  appropriation  from  the  national  government, 
municipal  aid  and  private  contribution,  elaborate 
plans  were  carried  out  for  permanent  preservation 
of  the  falls.  The  companies  controlling  the  water- 
power  made,  in  1866,  an  attempt  to  protect  the  crest 
of  the  falls  by  a  ttmber  apron,  but  this  was  car- 
ried off  in  the  spring  followmg. 

A  survey,  made  in  1869,  by  Major  G.  K.  War- 
ren, called  the  attention  of  the  general  govern- 
ment to  the  necessity  of  aiTesting  their  destruc- 
tion. James  B.  Francis,  of  Massachusetts,  was 
summoned  to  examine  the  falls  and  report  as  to 
the  best  means  of  averting  the  catastrophe.  He 
recommended  as  a  protection  against  the  recess- 
ion of  the  crest,  a  substantial  apron  of  timber  with 
heavy  crib-work  at  the  bottom;  for  the  dangerous 
timiiel,  that  it  be  filled  for  four  hundred  feet  with 


a  puddle  of  clay  and  gravel;  against  the  third 
danger,  the  action  of  frost,  that  the  limestone  be 
kept  Hooded  by  low  dams. 

No  time  was  lost  in  carrying  out  energetic 
measures.  A  "Board  of  Construction,"  appoint- 
ed by  citizens,  set  about  building  the  apron,  and 
private  enterprise  and  government  aid,  imited  in 
the  work.  Government  appropriations  amount- 
mg  to  15.5.5,000  were  made,  beginning  in  1870  and 
ending  with  that  of  March  3d,  1879.  A  concrete 
wall  was  laid  in  the  bed  of  sandstone,  beneath 
the  limestone  ledge,  six  feet  in  thickness  at  the 
base  and  four  feet  at  the  top,  and  forty  feet  in 
height,  extending  entirely  across  the  river,  thus 
effectually  preventing  any  further  leakage.  The 
amount  contributed  by  the  citizens  of  Minneapo- 
lis toward  the  preservation  of  the  falls  was  ^334,- 
500.  The  whole  cost  of  the  improvement  thus 
buried  out  of  sight,  was  nearly  a  million  of  dol- 
lars, but  from  it  came  the  preservation  of  the 
falls  with  its  one  hiuidred  and  twenty  thousand 
horse-power  and  the  future  hope  of  Minneapolis. 


CIIAl'TEU  LXIII. 

MILL  BUILDING — A  LAIIGE  GRIST — FIUST  SHIP- 
MENT OF  FLOUR — WEST  SIDE  MILLS— THE  EX- 
PLOSION— NEW  PROCESS— MILLS  AT  PRESENT. 

Mill  building  began  with  tlie  old  government 
mill  built  in  1822.  To  the  saw-mill  was  attached 
a  single  run  of  stone  for  grinding  corn,  for  the  use 
of  the  large  number  of  cattle  and  horses  employed 
at  Fort  Snelliug.  A  penstock  was  consti-ucted 
from  the  crest  of  the  falls  to  the  wooden  "flutter- 
wheel"  of  the  old-fashioned  mill.  The  mill  occu- 
pied the  site  of  the  present  mill  of  Sidle,  Fletcher, 
Holmes  &  Martin.  Twenty-five  years  passed 
away  before  further  jirogrcss  was  m;ule,  wlicii 
Franklin  Steele  built  the  dam,  saw-mill  and  otlier 
improvements  already  mentioned  in  this  history. 

Steele's  mill  was  above  the  location  of  the  pres- 
ent structures  on  the  east  side,  and  run  under  a 
head   of   six    feet.    In   1856,  the  "St.  ^\jithony 


390 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Water-Power  ("onipany"  was  cliartcred.  wth 
Tliomas  E.  Davis,  Fred  C.  Gebliardt  and  J.  F.  A. 
Sandford  of  New  York,  Richard  Chute  and 
Franklin  Steele  of  St.  Anthony,  and  John  S. 
Prince,  of  St.  Paul,  as  incorixirators.  To  this 
company  Mr.  Steele  and  ilr.  Ard  Godfrey,  who 
had  purchased  one-twentieth  of  the  power,  trans- 
ferred their  entire  east  side  water-power.  Feb- 
ruary tiTlh  of  the  same  year,  tlie  "Minneapolis 
Mill  Company"  was  formed,  with  Ti.  P.  Russell. 
M.  L.  Olds,  George  E.  Iln,\.  .lacoli  Elliott,  Rob- 
ert II.  Smith  and  D.  Morrison  as  incorporators. 

In  tlie  fall  of  1H.51,  R.  C.  Rofiers  started  a 
small  feed  and  grist-mill  in  a  rude  way  at  the 
end  of  the  row  of  saw-mills,  built  by  Mr.  Steele 
on  the  east  side.  On  the  .same  site,  the  following 
year,  Mr.  Steele  built  a  one-story  mill  and  Mr. 
Rogei-s  put  in  two  run  of  stone,  one  thirty-six 
and  the  other  thirty  inches  in  diameter.  The 
bfdting  reel  was  twelve  feet  long  and  tliirty-two 
inches  in  diameter,  and  the  cleaning  machinery 
was  zinc  and  sheet  iron,  perforated  with  a  hand 
punch.  What  a  constrast  is  here  afforded  to  the 
immense  stniclures  now  lining  the  banks  of  the 
river.  In  18.58,  Mr.  Larpenteur.  a  farmer, 
brought  in  a  thirty-two  bushel  grist  which  was 
recorded  as  a  mar\el.  and  the  largest  grist  ever 
groinid  at  the  falls. 

The  l.sland  mill  was  ciimi)lcled  in  l«")l,  by 
Captain  John  Rollins.  John  Eastman  and  R.  P. 
I'jiton.  lOxiiO  in  size,  three  stories  high  above  the 
ba.sement,  and  began  running  with  tliree  run  of 
stone,  which  was  soon  increased  to  live.  The 
wheal  for  so  large  an  enterprise  could  not  be 
fnniishe<l  by  the  surrounding  country,  and  was 
therefore  transimrteil  from  Iowa  by  boats  to  St. 
Paul,  and  thence  to  St.  Anthony  by  teams.  The 
fljMir  found  ready  sale  among  the  thousands  of 
new  s<-tllers  in  the  territory,  at  Si'  to  $12  jier 
barrel  in  siicks ;  but  the  bran  and  middlings  were 
<li(IicuU  to  dispose  of.  The  former  wa.s  freiiuenlly 
s]M)nl4-d  into  the  river,  while  the  middlings  were 
ground  over  and  sold  as  •■  red  dog."  a  low  grade 
of  (lour,  I*)  the  Indians.  In  IH58,  a  little  flour 
wiLH  sliipped  to  the  east,  tlie  beginning  of  the 
great  business  now  carried  on  so  extensively  with 
.New  Kngland.  as  well  as  with  all  jiarts  of  this. 
and  other  countries.  The  circumstances  attend- 
ing the  llrst  shipment  of  flour  were  said  to  ))e  an 
follows  :    Mr.  Getchell,  of  Cliamplin,  sent  a  con- 


signment of  flour  to  New  Hampshire,  this  being 
in  his  estimation  a  safe,  though  an  awkward 
method  of  sending  money,  resorted  to  for  the 
want  of  bills  of  exchange,  and,  as  it  proved  sat- 
isfactory, an  order  for  one  hundred  barrels  soon 
followed,  the  first  ever  received  at  Minneapolis. 
The  next  difficulty  was  to  obtain  barrels  in  which 
to  ship  the  flour,  since  there  was  no  barrel  maker 
short  of  Anoka:  this  man.  a  "wet  cooper."  split 
out  the  staves  by  hand,  and  manufactured  very 
uncouth  packages,  coniiiiufd  \\  ith  modern  coop- 
erage. The  packing  of  flour,  too.  was  by  old 
fashioned  i)rod  or  mangle,  and  the  barrels  brand- 
ed "Minnesota  Mills''  were. sent  on  at  an  ex- 
pense of  S2.2.5  i)er  barrel.  In  1863.  improvements 
were  added,  including  cooper-shops,  additional 
runs  of  stone,  and  the  modern  style  of  packers. 
In  18(i9,  the  mill  was  rebuilt,  and  in  1870,  the 
tirst  flour,  made  from  middlings,  purified  as  well 
as  could  be  done  then,  was  shipped  to  New  York. 
To  the  surprise  of  the  shippers,  it  sold  for  fifty 
cents  per  barrel  more  than  their  best  brands.  In 
1871,  Brown  and  Martin  became  proprietors  of 
the  mill,  and  under  their  management  the  mill 
was  remodeled  and  improvements  made  in  the 
machinery.  I'>ight  middlings  purifiers  were  ad- 
ded, and  the  mill  was  just  ready  to  start,  witli  a 
full  supply  of  wlieat  in  store,  when.  Marcli  olh. 
1.S7L'.  tlie  very  night  before  they  expected  to  start, 
the  mill  was  burned  to  the  ground  williout  in- 
surance. Thus  ended  the  firet  etiort  to  man- 
ufacture flour  according  U)  the  modern  pro- 
cess, just  on  the  eve  of  its  success. 

-Three  other  mills  were  erected  on  the  East 
Side,  viz:  the  "  River  Mills."  afterward  called 
the  "Farmers'  Mill,"  built  in  185()  by  R.  C.  Mor- 
rison and  \.  M.  Prescott,  a  grist  mill  with  first 
two.  then  tlirci'  and  afterward  four  run  of  stone, 
which  was  Imrned  after  a  few  years;  the  "St. 
Anthony  Mill,"  built  in  l.si'>4  by  Messrs.  Stam- 
witz  and  Schober,  burned  aliout  three  years  after 
its  conililelion.  while  the  property  of  Peter 
Schussler  ami  Conii)any :  the  ■"Sununil  ilill," 
built  iiu  the  island  in  18(i.).  by  Messrs.  Erb  and 
Kassube.  with  four  run  of  stone.  This  mill  did 
not  biuii  but  came  to  an  luiliinely  end  by  reason 
of  its  foundations  being  undermined  by  the  tun- 
nel before  mentioned. 

We  quote  here  from  a  \  aluable  series  of  articles 
in  the  "North-western  .Miller,"  written  by  F.  E. 


THE  MILL  EXPLOSION. 


391 


Hesler,  to  whose  researches  there  published,  we 
are  indebted  for  many  facts  relative  to  the  his- 
tory of  the  mills  at  Minneapolis.  He  WTites : 
"  S(j  perished  the  mills  of  the  East  Side  or  St. 
Anthony,  the  jiioneer  structures  that  fathered 
the  industry  which  has  since  grown  to  such  vast 
proportions.  "What  a  marked  change  from  the 
paltry  shipment  of  ten  barrels  of  unbranded  (lour 
sent  to  the  seaboard  by  way  of  team  and  river, 
to  the  thousands  of  barrels,  under  brands  whose 
names  are  legion,  packed  to-day  and  landed  in 
three  short  weeks  in  the  European  markets. 
One  run  of  stone  then  made  one  hundred  barrels 
in  twenty-fonr  hours;  now  twenty-two  to  twent>  - 
five  baiTels  per  run  is  considered  an  abundant 
yield.  Then  the  dark,  uncomely  straight  flour 
was  difficult  of  sale  ;  now  the  bright,  snowy, 
patent  process,  world-wide  in  fame,  is  eagerly 
sought  in  every  land,  commanding  the  highest 
price  in  the  markets  of  the  world,  and  bringing 
millions  of  dollars  annually  to  our  cofEers." 

Milling  on  the  west  side  began  as  soon  as  the 
"Minneapolis  Mill  Company"'  made  preparations 
by  a  dam,  sluices  and  other  appliances,  for  utiliz- 
ing the  power.  This  company  was  organized,  as 
we  have  seen,  in  18.56,  and  immediately 
began  their  improvements.  A  coffer  dam  was 
built  to  hold  the  water  m  check,  and  the  solid 
limestone  rock,  which  forms  the  bed  of  the  river, 
varying  from  eighteen  to  forty  feet  in  thickness, 
was  blasted  out,  and  the  canal  thus  formed  was 
extended  to  -'Cataract""  street,  now  Sixth  Avenue 
south,  a  distance  of  over  three  hundred  feet,  sev- 
enty feet  wide  and  fourteen  feet  deep.  The 
first  mill  on  the  west  side  was  built  Viy  Messrs. 
Eastman  and  Gibson,  commenced  in  1859,  and 
called  the  "Cataract  Mill."  It  was  iirst  built 
thi'ee  stories  m  height,  from  the  stone  of  the 
canal,  with  four  run  of  stone,  but  has  smce  out- 
grown the  first  modest  pretensions.  It  has  been 
operated  since  the  first  owners,  by  Welles,  Gardi- 
ner, by  Gardiner  «&  Barber  and  now  by  D.  R.  Bar- 
ber &  Son. 

The  "City  :Miir"  was  built  by  Messrs.  Perkins 
&  Stirn  in  1860,  a  two-run,  frame  mill,  two  stories 
m  height  above  the  canal,  and  near  the  site  of  the 
original  government  mill.  This  mill  did  a  large 
custom  business,  and  passed  through  several 
hands,  but  in  1879,  it  was  destroyed  by  fire. 

The  "Union  MUl"  was  built  m  1868,  by  Henry 


Gibson.  It  was  a  limestone  structure,  with  four 
run  of  stone,  but  has  been  several  times  en- 
larged until  it  bears  little  resemblance  to  its  first 
appearance. 

in  186-5  the  canal,  made  in  1857,  was  extended 
six  hundred  feet  further  down  the  sti'eam,  giving 
room  for  many  new  mills,  and  increasing  the 
fall  at  the  lower  end  of  the  canal  to  forty-five  feet. 

In  1866,  the  "Arctic  MUl,"'  with  three  run  of 
stone,  was  built  by  Perkins  &  Crocker;  the  "Min- 
neapolis," by  Frazee  &  Murphy,  with  she  run; 
the  "Taylor""  mill,  by  Taylor  Hrothers,  with  six 
run,  and  the  mill  now  called  "AVashburn  B," 
with  eleven. 

The  "Dakota"  was  built  in  1867,  by  Messrs. 
Kussell  &  Iluy,  a  frame  structure  still  standing, 
and  operated  by  II.  F.  Brown  and  Company,  the 
only  wooden  flouring  mill  hi  Minneapolis.  The 
following  mills  were  soon  built:  The  Zenith,  Pal- 
isade, Holly,  Galaxy,  Hennepin,  Humboldt, 
Washbmii  A,  Anchor,  Pettit-llobinson,  Excel- 
sior, Washburn  B  addition,  Morrison,  and  Model. 
The  North  Star  was  built  in  1870,  the  Empire  in 
1872.  The  building  of  the  Standard,  Crown 
Roller,  Northwestern,  Trades,  and  the  rebuilding 
of  the  Washburn  A  and  Washbm-n  C  took  place 
in  1879.  The  (jalaxy,  first  built  in  1871,  was 
rebuilt  in  1875,  and  again  four  years  later. 

THE   EXPLOSION. 

The  event  which  is  most  famous  in  the  history 
of  the  mills  of  Minneapolis,  anil  which  called  the 
attention  of  the  whole  civilized  world  to  the 
milling  enterprise  of  this  city,  was  the  terrible 
explosion  of  ]SIay  2d,  1878,  attended  with  great 
loss  of  life  and  property. 

At  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening,  soon  after  the 
day-hands  had  given  place  to  those  employed  at 
night,  a  terrific  explosion  took  place  in  the  Wash- 
bum  A  Mill,  which  shook  the  solid  land  like  an 
earthquake,  breaking  thousands  of  dollars  worth 
of  glass  ui  the  city,  and  felt  distinctly  at  St.  Paul, 
ten  miles  away.  The  first  shock  was  followed 
almost  immediately  by  a  second,  and  in  a  trice 
the  whole  vicinity  of  the  mills  seemed  in  a  blaze. 
The  rapidity  of  the  flames  was  so  great  that  the 
few  inmates,  even  if  not  covered  with  the  debris, 
could  not  escape,  and,  in  the  Washburn  A,  every 
man  perished,  to  the  number  of  fourteen.  When 
investigation  could  be  made,  it  appeared  that  the 


392 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


entire  walls  were  thrown  down  outwardly  by  the 
concussion,  which  was  said  to  be  due  to  the  ex- 
plosive character  of  the  dust  of  the  mill  mingled 
with  common  air,  when  liroughl  in  coiUacl  willi 
flame.  Explanation  from  the  occupants  of  the 
mill  could  not  be  obtiiined,  since  only  their  man- 
gled and  dianed  bodies  remained  a  silent  testi- 
mony to  the  honors  of  the  catastniphe.  and  their 
faithfulness  to  duty  was  proven  by  the  positions 
ill  which  the  bodies  were  found.  The  testimony 
of  witnesses  outside,  or  in  neifjliboring  mills,  was 
to  the  bursting  out  of  the  on  the  lower  lloor  just 
before  the  explosion,  and  appearances  indicated 
that  the  victims  of  the  disaster  were  fighting  the 
fire   at  the  time  the  fatal  exiilosion  took  place. 

The  disaster  was  not  contined  to  the  AVashbuni 
A.  but  communicated  to  the  other  mills  in  prox- 
imity, witli  loss  of  hfe  and  gieat  damage.  Five 
of  these  were  destroyed  in  addition  to  the  'NVash- 
buni  A,  and  live  more  were  damaged.  Eighteen 
persons  perished,  fourteen  in  the  AVashbuni  ilill, 
one  each  in  tlie  Zenith.  Diamond  and  Iliiniboldt, 
and  one  outside  the  mills.  The  mills  destroyed 
were  the  Washburn  A,  called  the  "Big  Mill," 
100  by  13H  feet  on  the  gioiiiid  and  seven  and  a 
half  stories  high,  tilled  with  the  most  approved 
machinery  and  having  forty-one  run  of  stone; 
the  Ilumlxildt,  eight  run;  Diamond,  six  run; 
Pettit,  Robinson  &  Company,  fifteen  nm;  Ze- 
nith, si.x  run:  (;ala\y.  twelve  run.  Tlie  dam- 
aged mills  were  the  Washburn  U,  badly  shaken 
up;  City,  a  wooden  mill,  considerably  shattered; 
Morrisfm,  sliglilly  disiinangeil:  Dakota,  consid- 
eralily  disturbed:  I'alisade.  unuh  damaged. 

The  scene  of  the  disaster  was  a  tangled  mass 
of  debris,  not  one  stone  left  on  another.  The 
totiil  loss  was  estimated  at  nearly  a  million  dol- 
lars. 

The  sympatliies  of  the  citizens  were  aroused, 
and  hlK'ral  contributions  were  made  to  a  relief 
fund  fcir  tlie  widows  and  cir|ihiiiis,  cau.sed  by  the 
disaster.  Many  thousand  duMais  were  iiaid  over 
to  the  families  of  the  victims,  and  tlie  eliaiity 
and  lilM-ralily  of  the  citi/r'iis  was  denionstnitecl. 

Mill  owners  were  here  taught  a  lesson  in  regard 
to  the  nianagenu-nt  of  their  mills,  and  the  risk  to 
which  they  had  uneoiiseioiisly  been  exi)f)sed.  In 
tlie  new  and  larger  mills  whieh  have  since  covered 
the  scene  of  disaster,  ajiplianees  have  been  intro- 
duced to  remove  the  diisl  from  the  mill,  and  thus 


prevent  the  recurrence  of  a  similar  catastrophe. 

As  the  present  process  of  milling  differs  so 
materially  from  the  old  method  of  gi-inding  by 
mill-stones,  it  will  be  attempted  here  to  give  a 
description  of  the  new  process  as  it  appears  to  a 
tyro,  avoitUng  the  use  of  teclmical  terms  and 
without  minute  descriptions  of  the  machines  or 
processes.  At  the  same  time,  taking  one  of  the 
many  mills  as  a  sami>le,  we  shall  attempt  to  ex- 
hibit the  amount  of  Imsiness  in  the  different 
branches  connected  tlierewitli.  to  which  milling 
gives  rise.  The  basis  and  cause  of  the  reforma- 
tion in  milling  was  economy.  It  was  fomid  that 
by  the  old  method  of  crushing  the  wheat  between 
mill  stones,  the  rough  treatment  of  the  grain 
broke  up  the  bran  and  mixed  a  portion  of  it  wth 
the  flour,  which  with  the  dirt  adhering  to  the 
kernel  and  in  the  crease  and  the  germ,  not  only 
colored  the  whole  product  but  compelled  a  large 
portion  of  it  to  be  sacriliced  at  low  prices.  The 
milling  reform  began  in  Hungary  under  the  name 
of  the  Hungarian  jirocess.  Their  plans  were  im- 
proved on  in  this  city  and  improvements  are  still 
making  in  metliods  and  macliinery.  Milling,  as 
at  present  carried  on,  can  only  be  said  to  be  tlu'ee 
years  old;  indeed,  some  inii)rovements  are  now 
for  the  first  time  making  in  the  new  mills  in 
process  of  construction.  The  method,  in  brief, 
is  as  follows: 

The  wheat  at  Minneapolis  is  imrchased  by  the 
Millers  Association,  an  organization  formed  by 
the  various  millers  for  mutual  profit  and  protec- 
tion, when  it  is  taken  in  and  weighed  at  the 
elevators  of  the  different  companies.  The  cleans- 
ing process  is  the  fli-st  step,  consisting  first  of  large 
seiiaralors  by  which  straw  and  foreign  matter  is 
removed;  second,  it  is  ))ass('d  tlirough  two  oat 
and  weed  extractoi's.  and  tlirongli  a  cockle  ma- 
chine; it  is  next  scoured  ami  thin  passed  through 
two  sets  of  brushes,  after  uliic  li  it  is  brought  to 
the  crushing  machinery,  wliicli  consists  first  of 
corrugaled  rollers.  Tlie  first  rediicli<iii  or  break, 
aims  to  crack  open  tlie  lieny  witlioiit  breaking  it 
in  tine  ])ieces.  It  may  be  stated  lieie  that  the 
oiitsiile  coaling  or  bran  is  tougher  tlian  the  berry 
itself,  and  by  careful  breaking  of  the  kernel  it 
remains  nearly  entire  and  can  be  removed,  which 
could  not  be  arcomplished  if  the  kernel  was 
crushed  at  once.  It  is  now  passed  llirough 
what  is  called  scalping  reels  by  wliicli  any  icniaiu- 


ROLLEB  PEOCESS. 


393 


ing  dirt  and  the  beard  is  removed.  A  little  flour 
comes  out  at  tliis  stage,  of  a  \-ery  low  gi-ade, 
called  red-dog,  the  market  for  which  is  wholly  in 
foreign  countries,  and  among  the  Indians.  It 
next  passes  to  the  second  reduction,  by  corru- 
gated rollers  set  closer,  when  it  is  l)roken  agaui. 
At  this  stage  three  separations  are  made;  some 
of  the  middlings,  the  finer  portion,  go  to  the 
purifiers,  and  the  coarser  to  the  third  reduction, 
while  some  flour  is  saved,  about  live  per  cent,  of 
a  quality  similar  to  the  old  process  llonr.  At  the 
third  reduction,  still  by  corrugated  rollers,  foiu' 
grades  of  middlings  are  separated  called  accord- 
ing to  their  coarseness.  No,  1  coarsest,  No,  2, 
No.  3,  No.  4,  and  some  flour  is  obtained  of  a 
better  quality  than  the  flour  from  either  of  the 
fore-going  reductions,  and  called  baker's. 

The  fourth  break  is  a  repetition  of  the  process 
of  the  third  with  a  similar  result.  At  the  fifth 
reduction  only  three  grades  of  middlings  are 
separated,  No."s  2,  3,  and  4,  as  the  successive 
eductions  and  separations  have  removed  the 
coarser  No.  1.  The  flour  obtained  at  this  point 
is  baker's,  but  of  a  poorer  quality  than  at  the 
last  stage.  At  the  sixth  and  last  reduction  the 
middlings  are  all  removed  and  are  of  the  grades 
3  and  4;  the  flour  obtained  here  is  of  a  lower 
grade  than  the  last,  Ijut  higher  than  the  red-dog 
which  was  obtained  after  the  first  reduction. 
What  remains  is  the  bran.  Thus  far  the  process 
lias  been  mainly  one  of  cleannig  and  jiieparing 
the  middlings  for  the  manufacture  of  Hour.  Tlie 
middlings  are  the  best  part  of  the  wlieat.  and 
from  them  is  now  made  the  choice  flour  of 
market.  The  flour  hitherto  olitained  has  lieen 
only  that  part  which  w'as  too  much  pulverized 
and  therefore  sifted  out  in  preparing  the  middlings 
for  the  milling  yet  to  come.  Eacli  of  the  four 
grades  of  middlings  is  purified  separately  by 
different  macliines,  adapted  to  each  grade,  pass- 
ing through  four  sets  of  machines,  Tliey  are 
next  sent  to  smooth  rollers,  of  chilled  steel,  and 
highly  polished,  in  order  to  remove  small  par- 
ticles of  the  germ  and  bran  that  may  remain,  and 
to  puherize  them  finally.  The  flour  now  goes  to 
the  iKiltiiig  chests  and  the  product  is  the  liest 
jiatent  flour.  Any  residue  that  has  not  been 
thoroughly  reduced  is  sent  to  the  old-fashioned 
mill-stones  and  the  product,  if  from  the  No,'s  1 
and  2  middlings,  is  a  good  patent  flour,  if  from 


No.'s  3  and  4,  second  grade  patent,  Tliis  gives 
in  plain  language  the  plan  of  the  new  milling 
process, 

yVe  will  now  attempt  to  give  an  idea  of  the 
business  by  descriliing  the  plan  of  operations 
laid  out  by  C.  A.  Pillsbiiry  and  Company  in  con- 
nection with  the  PiUsbury  A  mill,  now  nearly 
completed.  From  the  daily  product  of  the  mill, 
forty  cars  of  flour  and  ten  of  liraii  are  anticipat- 
ed, which  will  form  tliree  full  trains  of  cars  with 
sixteen  or  seventeen  in  each  train.  In  running 
to  New  York,  five  days  at  least  is  required  b>-  a 
freight  train,  and  fifteen  trains  will  therefore  be 
required  constantly  to  convey  the  product  of  the 
mill  to  New  York,  besides  the  returning  of  cars 
after  their  freight  is  discliarged.  In  addition  to 
this,  a  greater  number  of  cars  witli  wheat  must 
arrive  daily  from  the  country  to  supply  the  huge 
monster  with  his  daily  food.  The  company  will 
own  and  operate  their  own  engine  and  train  for 
removing  grain  fnnn  their  elevator  and  transfer- 
ring cars  to  different  roads.  The  cars  will  be 
constructed  According  to  a  new  plan,  shaped  like 
a  hopper  for  uiiloatliiig  tlie  grain  by  a  spout. 
Two  hmidred  coopers,  with  modern  machinery, 
will  be  required  to  manufacture  barrels  for  the 
mill. 

As  an  instance  of  rapid  transit  and  prompt 
business  management,  we  report  tlie  following 
in  reference  to  the  Washburn  A  mill,  the  largest 
flouring  mill  in  the  world,  A  contract  for  flour 
to  be  delivered  in  Liverpool  was  to  be  filled  at  a 
certain  day,  but  unforeseen  difficulty  prevented 
its  manufacture  until  it  seemed  nearly  impossi- 
ble to  fulfil  it.  In  the  emergency,  arrangements 
were  made  with  a  through  line  to  riiu  a  special 
train  to  New  York  without  interruption,  and  the 
managers  of  the  Inman  line  of  steamers  for  Liv- 
erpool were  ready  to  receive  the  freight  on  its  ar- 
rival. By  this  means  it  reacluMl  \ew  York  in 
four  and  one-half  days  finiu  the  time  of  its  iiiaii- 
ufacture,  tlie  steamer  made  the  passge  in  eight 
days,  and  the  seventeenth  day  from  Minneapolis, 
tlie  fiour  was  sold  as  bread  in  Liverpool  and  Lon- 
<lon.  Twenty-nine  mills  are  now  in  oiieration  in 
Minneapolis,  or  liiiilding,  with  a  daily  capacity  of 
25,225  barrels.  The  foreign  demand  is  large  and 
flour  is  shipped  to  all  parts  of  Europe  and  even 
to  Alexandria,  Egypt,  and  South  America.  The 
first  expoiting  of  flour  was  attempted  in  1878, 


394 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


and  its  superiority  procured  a  sale  of  109,183 
barrels  iliirini,'  the  lir.st  year:  in  1879.  the  export 
was  increased  to  442,598  bands,  ami  in  1S80.  to 
7G9.442  barrels. 

The  I'illsbury  "A  ■ -Mill.  C  A.  Pillsbury  and 
Company,  whuaheady  operate  several  large  mills 
at  the  falls,  are  .just  jiressing  to  completion  their 
'•A"  mill,  wliich.  it  is  anticipated,  will  have 
gi-eater  capacity  tlian  any  other  (louring  mill  in 
the  world.  It  is  located  in  the  East  Division, 
comer  of  ilain  Street  and  Third  Avemie  south, 
and  is  built  of  stone,  witli  seven  stories  and  an 
attic.  The  dimensions  are  llo  by  l"o  feet,  and 
the  heiglit  from  llie  bottom  of  tlie  wheel  pit  to  the 
roof  is  187  feet.  Work  Ijegan  on  the  mill  m 
March,  1879,  and  ab<piit  .lune  1st,  1881,  one  half 
of  the  mill  will  liegiii  ojieration.  The  entire  mill 
it  is  expected,  will  be  compleleil  January  1st.  1882. 
It  is  building  under  tlu'  manauemeiit  of  William 
F.  Gunn.  engineer.  James  I'ye,  assisljint  engi- 
neer. A  canal  was  built  at  great  expense  by  tlie 
new  Water- Power  Comiian\ .  to  supply  the  power 
for  the  mill,  for  wliich  ('.  A.  I'illsbury  and  Com- 
pany pay  an  annual  rent  of  ^o.OUO.  The  motive 
power  consists  of  two  victor  turbine  wheels,  of 
twelve  hin)drcd  horse  power  each,  and  are  so 
placed  as  to  secure  fifty-two  feet  head;  the  w'heels 
are  so  adjusted  as  to  beoiierated  either  combined, 
or  ])y  the  separate  power  of  one.  The  building 
is  heated  by  two  large  steel  boilers,  and  is  the 
most  complete  in  all  Its  api)ointments.  of  the  mills 
at  .MlniieajMilis.  .Much  taste  is  exhibited  in  the 
elegance  of  its  architecture  and  internal  linish. 
The  entire  cost  (>(  the  mill,  when  completed,  will 
be  about  half  a  million  dollars,  and  its  capacity 
is  estimat<'d  by  Engineer  James  I've,  at  about 
four  thousand  barrels  per   day.  though  reported 

by  the  Hoard  of  Trade  at  f '  thousand  eight 

hundred.     It   will   have   f •  hundreil    jiairs    of 

rollers,  two  hundred  middlings  puiilii'rs  of  the 
Smith  jmlteni,  twenty  run  of  stone,  two  hundred 
iHilling  reels,  and  all  other  machinery  in  |U'opor- 
lic.ri.  anil  is  provided  with  every  convenience  that 
MKHlern  iniprovement  can  suggest.  It  connects 
by  a  branch  with  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and 
.Manitnlia  Hallway,  two  tracks  running  in  front 
and  tbri-e  in  the  rear  of  the  mill.  About  one 
hundred  and  tift>  men  will  be  emiiloyed  in  the 
legitimate  businesK  of  the  mill,  besides  the  out- 
side industries  to  wliich  it  contributes  employment 


C.  A.  Pillsbury  &  Company  operate  four  mills 
on  the  west  side,  besides  the  A  mill  located  on 
the  east  side.  The  ••Pillsbury.""  built  in  ISGo.  is 
GOxSU  feet,  and  si.x  stories  in  height,  inclu<ling 
the  basement.  It  is  furnished  with  thii-teen  run 
of  stone  and  four  water-wheels,  one  twenty-five 
and  one  thirty-inch  eclipse,  and  two  turbines  of 
(.weuty-five  and  thirty-six  inches  diameter,  pro- 
ducing two  hundred  and  fifty  horse-power.  The 
capacity  of  the  mill  is  oOt)  barrels  daily,  requiring 
a  working  force  of  twenty-six  men. 

The  "Empire""  mill,  erected  m  1872,  is  in  size 
seventy  feet  square,  and  foui^  stories  high  above 
the  basement.  It  has  twelve  run  of  stone,  and 
two  turbine  wheels,  which  furnish  three  hundred 
horse-power.  T\\ent>-li\e  men  are  required  in 
its  operation.  'I'lic  capacity  is  500  barrels  per 
day. 

The  '•  Anchor"'  mill  was  built  in  1874,  destroyed 
b\-  tire,  and  rebuilt  in  1879.  It  has  a  capacity  of 
500  barrels  per  day,  and  is  furnished  with  twenty 
sets  of  smooth  and  lifleen  pairs  of  corrugated 
rolls,  three  run  of  stoiup.  and  twenty-six  purifiers. 
The  machinery  is  driven  by  a  turbine  wheel  of 
forty-four  inches  diameter.  This  mill  furnishes 
enii)loynient  to  twenty-six  men. 

The  •■Excelsior"'  ntill.  built  in  1S77,  is  a  stone 
structiue  with  brick  front.  45x100  feet,  with  a 
height  of  four  stories  in  front  and  six  in  the  rear. 
It  has  about  fifty  sets  of  smooth  and  corrugated 
rolls,  and  a  capacity  of  500  barrels  per  day.  The 
nund)er  of  men  employed  is  thirty.  An  eclipse 
wheel,  of  thirty-six  inches  diameter,  fiu-nishcs 
360  horse-power.  This  mill  was  originally  equip- 
ped with  thirteen  run  of  stone,  and  during  tlie 
winter  of  ]87s  '0  was  cliaiigcd  to  the  nAWr  sys- 
tem. 

'i'hr  Wasliliiirn  Mills.  'I'lir  massive  "A""  mill 
has  been  described  by  the  press  as  '•  the  largest 
mill  in  America,  ami  the  most  complete  mill  of 
its  size  in  the  world."  It  is  oiieiateil  by  Wash- 
burn, Crosby  and  Coiupauy.  It  is  twice  the  size 
of  the  old  A  mill,  and  covers  a  ground  space  of 
100x240  feet.  Its  height  is  eight  stories  above  the 
canal,  wliii'li  the  east  end  of  the  building  fionts. 
I'mni  the  platform  over  the  (•;nial.  tn  the  toii  of 
the  cupula,  is  158  feet.  The  walls  are  of  stone, 
five  IVet  thick  at  the  base,  tapering  to  three  feet, 
whii-li  thickness  is  niainlaincil  to  the  thinl  story. 
I"iiiiu  this  they  taper  to  twcnl\  inches  at  the  top. 


FLOUBING  MILLS. 


395 


The  walls  and  wheel-pits  contain  371 ,250  onbic  feet 
of  masonry,  ami  the  timber  used,  exceeds  2,750,000 
feet.  One-half  the  mill  is  on  the  ground  occu- 
pied by  the  old  Washburn  A.  The  building  was 
begun  immediately  after  the  destruction  of  the 
old  mill,  rising  phcenix-like  from  the  ashes 
of  its  predecessor,  but  to  greater  dimensions  and 
grander  achievements.  During  the  completion  of 
the  C  mill,  work  on  the  A  mill  was  suspended 
until  the  spring  of  1879,  and  about  the  last  of 
June,  1880,  it  was  finished,  and  one-half  of  it  in 
operation.  It  is  built  on  the  dual  plan,  and  it 
required  five  months,  with  a  large  working  force, 
to  adjust  the  machinery  in  the  part  first  put  in 
operation.  Some  idea  of  its  magnitude  may  be 
gained  from  the  fact  that  nearly  one  thousand 
bushels  of  wheat  were  required  to  fill  it  iiji  be- 
fore the  Hour  reached  the  packers. 

The  completed  part  started  with  a  cainicity  of 
1,500  barrels  per  day,  employing  seventy-flve 
men,  at  a  weekly  expense  of  $1,000.  The  full 
capacity  of  the  mill  is  3,000  Ijarrels.  It  is  fur- 
nished with  all  the  modern  improvements  in  the 
milling  art,  and  its  product  is  eagerly  sought  by 
foreign  purchasers.  The  lessons  taught  by  the 
terril)le  disaster  of  May  2d,  1878,  have  not  been 
lost  in  the  construction  and  "management  of  this 
mill.  The  sci-upulous  cleanliness  of  the  rooms, 
and  the  ingenious  appliances  for  straining  the 
air  from  the  purifiers,  thus  preventing  the  haz- 
ardous accumulations  of  dust,  effectually  ban- 
ishes the  fear  of  such  a  catasthrophe  as  visited 
the  mills  in  1878. 

Adjoining  the  mill  on  the  north-east  corner,  is 
a  two-story  addition  24x45  feet,  on  the  upper 
fioor  of  which  are  the  business  offices  of  the  mill, 
anil  on  the  ground  floor,  the  elegant  rooms  used 
by  C.  C.  'W^ashburn,  as  his  private  oflice. 

The  whole  structure,  as  well  as  its  furnishing, 
shows  the  most  accomplished  workmanship,  and 
a  lavish  expenditure  of  wealth.  '•  The  North- 
western Miller"  of  July  2d,  1880.  says  of  it: 
"The  mill  as  it  stands,  is  a  monmnentof  Mr. 
Washburn's  indomitable  energy  and  perseverance, 
and  a  great  credit  to  the  city-,  for  which  its  citi- 
zens should  feel  very  thankful  to  tlie  i)ublic  spir- 
ited builder." . 

The  "B"  mill,  built  in  1866,  is  of  stone,  60x90 
feet  on  the  ground,  three  stories  high   in   front 


and  five  in  the  rear.  It  is  operated  by  a  sixty- 
inch  turbine  wheel  of  700  horse-power.  Above 
the  original  mill  is  a  story  of  wood,  the  front 
end  of  which  is  used  for  a  dust-room,  and  the 
back  end  f<ir  machinery.  It  has  thirty  run 
of  stone,  and  its  daily  capacity  is  500  baiTels. 
Twenty-five  men  are  employed  in  this  mill. 

In  size  and  capacity  the  "('""  mill  ranks  next  to 
the  "A,"  covering  ground  room  of  95x145  feet, 
besides  a  storehouse  adjoining,  40x83  feet,  and 
five  stories  high,  with  a  capacity  of  80,000  bush- 
els, exclusive  of  a  large  reserve  space  for  storing 
bran,  and  the  necessary  room  for  cleaning  and 
handling  grain.  It  was  first  built  in  1878,  and 
suffered  considerable  damage  from  the  mill  dis- 
aster. In  January,  1879,  it  was  materially  im- 
proved and  enlarged.  The  first  building  had 
eleven  run  of  stone,  to  which  thirty  run  were 
added  with  the  addition  referred  to.  The  mill 
is  six  stories  high,  oidy  four  of  which  are  visiVile 
in  front.  It  is  operated  by  a  sixty-inch  American 
turbine  «'heel,  and  uses  600  horse-power.  Sev- 
enty-five men  are  employed  in  and  about  the  mill. 
Its  capacity  is  1,250  barrels  per  day. 

Adjoining  the  A  mill,  on  the  sits  of  the  old  Dia- 
mond mill,  is  an  elevator  35x94  feet,  with  a  ca- 
pacity of  80,000  bushels,  besides  necessary  room 
for  cleaning,  and  stming  bran. 

The  ■'Cataract"  mill  was  built  by  Eastman 
and  Gibson,  in  1859,  and  was  the  first  stone  mill 
built  at  the  falls.  It  has  since  been  owned  by 
Judd  and  Brackctt.  from  whose  hands  it  went  to 
Commodore  Davidson,  and  from  him  was  pur- 
chased, in  1872,  by  I).  \i.  Barlier  and  Son,  by 
whom  it  is  owned  and  operated  at  present.  The 
building  then  occupied  ground  room  45x60  feet, 
and  was  three  stories  high  above  the  basement. 
In  1875  another  story  was  added,  and  in  tlie  fall 
of  1879,  an  addition  on  the  river  side,  of  20x45 
feet,  besides  dust  moms.  16  feet  high,  built  of 
wood,  and  iron  clad.  The  liascMicnt  story  is  18 
feet  high  and  the  others  from  15  to  18  feet.  It 
has  six  run  of  stone,  ten  sets  of  corrugated  and 
sixteen  sets  of  smooth  rollers.  Its  capacity  is  500 
barrels  per  day,  using  from  90  to  100  horse-power 
with  a  reserve  of  125  horse-power,  finnished  by 
a  48  inch  turbine  wlund.  The  mill  is  run  night 
and  day,  furnishing  employment  to  twenty-live 
workmen  at  an  average  weekly  expense  of  $300. 
The  mill  is  valued  at  $80,000,  and  like  all  the 


396 


HIS70EY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


large  mills  at  this  point,  sends  its  product  to 
eastern  cities  and  to  Euioiie. 

The  "Arctic"  mill,  lluhart  and  Shuler  proprie- 
tors, located  on  the  east  side  of  First  street,  is  of 
stone,  anil  was  l>iiilt  by  I'erkins  and  Crocker  in 
1861.  It  is  (luaihilateral  in  form,  fifty-tive  feet 
front,  fifty-five  feet  on  the  east  and  tliirtj-  feet  on 
the  west  end.  It  is  six  stories  in  height,  includ- 
ing the  basement.  It  has  eiglit  run  of  stone  and 
six  sets  of  rolls.  A  forty-eight  inch  turbine  wheel 
of  two  hundred  and  fifty  horse-power  drives  the 
machinery.  This  mill  has  a  capacity  of  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  barrels  per  day,  and  requires  a 
working  force  of  ten  men. 

The  "Crown  Kollei"  mill.  Christian.  Brother 
and  Comiiany.  was  Ijuill  in  1.S7!)-.S0.  and  is  one  of 
the  largest  mills  at  the  falls.  It  is  124x14-5  feet 
in  size  and  seven  stories  in  height.  Tlie  struc- 
ture is  of  brick,  with  heavy  stone  foundation. 
The  machinery  of  this  mill  consists  of  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-four  sets  of  loUs,  tifty-fom-  of 
which  are  corrugated,  one  hundred  and  eighty 
purifiers  and  eleven  run  of  stone.  Its  wheel  is  a 
tMrbinc  of  forty-eight  inches  diameter.  The  total 
daily  capacity  of  the  mill  is  2,400  barrels.  A 
working  force  of  seventy  men  is  employed,  at  a 
weekly  exjiense  of  one  thousand  dollars.  This 
mill  has  also  storage  capacity  for  1 1 1 ,0U0  bushels 

gniin,  and  is  valued  at  .'5300,000. 

The  "Dakotii"  mill  was  built  in  18f)7,  and  is  a 
frame  structure,  40x100  feet,  four  stories  high 
alx)ve  ba.semenl.  It  is  owned  and  operated  by  II. 
F.  Brown  and  Company.  The  eijuipment  con- 
sists of  six  run  of  stone,  four  sets  of  smooth  and 
one  pair  of  cdrnigatcd  rollers:  the  motive  power 
is  furnished  by  a  turbine  wheel  of  two  hundred 
horse-power,  one-lialf  of  which  is  used.  Its  daily 
capacity  is  Iwohunilred  and  lifty  liaiiels.  and  ten 
men  are  reiiuired  in  its  oi>eralion. 

The  "Cialaxy"  mill,  Cahill,  Fletcher  and  Com- 
pany, proprietors,  was  built  In  1871  by  W.  P. 
.\nkeny,  burned  in  IH74  and  rebuilt  the  following 
year.  In  1877  it  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Cahill, 
and  was  destroyed  in  the  mill  "disiisler"  of  May, 
187H.  In  1870,  it  was  rebuilt  by  Cahill.  Fletcher 
and  Company,  the  present  owners  and  operators. 
It  is  of  stone  anil  covers  a  space  (i'lxloo  feet:  six 
stories  high  In  front,  and  eight  in  the  rear.  The 
mill  has  six  run  of  slone.  Ihirly  sets  of  Stevens 
rollers, sixteen  ^ets  of  smooth  rollejs,  mid  twenty- 


two  Kirk  purifiers.  A  36-iiich  victor  wheel  of 
two  hundred  horse-pow'er  drives  the  machinery. 
The  capacity  of  the  Galaxy  mill  is  two  hundred 
barrels  per  day.  Twenty-five  men  are  employed, 
whose  wages  amount  in  the  aggregate  to  $350  per 
week. 

The  "Holly""  mill  was  built  of  stone,  in  1S72, 
and  in  1878  was  bought  by  Hinkle  Bros.,  who  are 
the  present  owners.  Its  size  is  oOxiio  feet,  five 
stories  high  above  basement.  It  has  six  run  of 
stone  and  twelve  sets  of  rollers,  which  are  pro- 
pelled by  a  forty-eight  inch  four  hundred  horse- 
power turbine  wheel.  At  present  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  horse-power  is  all  that  is  required 
to  i)roduce  daily  two  hundred  barrels  of  ttom-. 
The  working  force  is  fifteen  men.  who  receive 
§175  per  week. 

The  "Humboldt""  mill  was  erectetl  on  the  east 
side  of  Second  street,  between  Seventh  and 
Eighth  Avenues  south,  by  Bull  and  Xewlon.  It 
is  constructed  of  brick,  65x95  feet  and  four  stories 
high  above  the  basement.  The  average  height  of 
the  stories  is  fourteen  feet.  The  power  is  fur- 
nished by  a  'N'ictor  turbine  wheel  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty  horse-power.  Originally  it  was  furnished 
with  fourteen  inn  of  Imhrs.  Imt  in  the  fall  of  1880 
it  was  refitted  by  Hinkle.  (ireenleaf  and  Co.,  its 
piesent  operators,  with  forty  sets  of  rollers  and 
ten  run  of  slone.  making  its  capacity  seven  hund- 
red barrels  per  day.    The  mill  is  valued  at  S8o,000. 

The  "Minneapolis""  mill,  owned  by  Crocker, 
Fisk  and  Co.,  was  built  in  1865,  by  Frazee,  Mur- 
phy and  McIIerron.  .\t  the  time  it  was  furnished 
with  five  run  of  slone  ami  jirodueed  three 
hundred  lian'cls  per  day.  Destroyed  by  fire  in 
1871,  it  was  innnedialely  rebuilt  by  its  jiresont 
ow^ners,  who  increased  its  capacity  to  four  hund- 
red barrels  ])er  da>.  If  is  55x60  feet,  four  stories 
high,  and  reipiires  the  labor  of  sixteen  men.  In 
1880  tlie  roller  s\slein  was  ado|itiMl.  using  twenty 
sets  of  smooth  and  corrugated  rollers. 

The  "Model"  mill,  owned  by  Russell.  Ilineline 
and  Company,  is  of  stone,  and  was  hnill  in  1S77. 
by  Russell,  Hoots  and  Crosen.  It  is  five  stories 
high  including  basement,  is  42x62  feet,  and  is 
\alneilat  .'r^iUMMM).  .\  25-incli  viclortnibine  wheel 
of  10(1  horse-pow er  propels  seven  inn  of  stone,  live 

sets  of   sn Ill   and    li\c    of   i-oirngaleil    rollers, 

which  dailv  iirodiice  250  bairels  of  Hour  reipiir- 
ing  eight  men  at  a  weekly  expense  of  ?;120. 


FLOURING  MILLS. 


397 


The  "North  Star"  mill,  valued  at  $40,000, 
huilt  m  1870,  by  McMullen  and  McHerron,  was 
purchased  of  them  iii  1871,  by  II.  J.  G.  Croswell, 
its  present  owner.  It  is  4-5x100  feet,  three  stories 
above  basement,  and  has  six  run  of  stone  and 
three  sets  of  rollers,  for  which  power  is  furnished 
by  a  42-inch  Dayton  wheel.  The  establishment 
daily  produces  250  barrels  of  flour,  requiring  a 
working  force  of  ten  men  whose  wages  aggregate 
$150  per  week. 

"Northwestern  EoUer"'  mill  is  owned  by  Sidle, 
Fletcher,  Ilohnes  and  Company.  It  was  com- 
pleted in  January,  1880,  and  is  50x107  feet,  eight 
stories  high  including  basement  and  sub-base- 
ment, and  is  capable  of  producing  1 ,000  barrels 
per  day,  using  a  44-inch  tiirbme  wheel  of  600 
horse-power.  The  mill  is  thoroughly  ecpiipped 
with  latest  improvements  m  machinery,  and  re- 
quires a  working  force  of  fifty-six  men  whose 
aggregate  wages  average  •1il,200  per  week. 

The  "Palisade"  mill  was  built  in  1872-3,  at  a 
cost  of  about  $100,000,  by  L.  Day  and  Company. 
It  is  60x80  feet,  four  stories  high  in  front  and 
six  in  the  rear.  The  stories  average  twelve  feet 
in  height.  The  machinery  consists  of  twelve 
rmi  of  stone,  sixteen  sets  of  smooth  and  four 
sets  of  corrugated  rollers.  It  manufactures  500 
barrels  per  day.  The  motive  power  is  furnished 
by  two  turbme  wheels,  one  36-inch  of  205  horse- 
power, and  one  30-Luch,  of  194  horse-power. 
This  firm  pays  fourteen  men  aljout  |200  per 
week. 

The  "Pettif  mill  was  first  built  in  1875  by 
Pettit,  Kobinson  &  Company,  and  after  the  great 
disaster  of  May  2d,  1878,  was  rebuilt.  It  is  60x 
100  feet,  sLx  fuU  stories  including  basement. 
Twenty  run  of  stone,  twenty-three  sets  of  smooth 
and  four  sets  of  corrugated  rollers,  propelled  by 
a  forty-eight-ineh,  450  horse-power  turbine  wheel, 
produce  800  barrels  of  flour  per  diem.  The  mill, 
which  is  valued  at  $100,000,  gives  employment 
to  forty-five  men  whose  salaries  aggregate  SoOO 
per  week. 

The  "Phcenix"'  mill,  a  stone  stmcture,  50x66 
feet,  four  stories  high  with  basement,  is  located 
at  the  corner  of  Main  Street  and  Sixth  Avenue, 
S.  E.,  and  is  valued  at  $60,000.  It  is  owned  by 
Stamwitz  &  Schober.  A thuty-flve-uich  turbine 
wheel  of  fifty  horse-power  drives  three  run  of 
stone,  five  sets  of  smooth  and  six  sets  of  corru- 


gated rollers,  which  are  capable  of  producing 200 
barrels  per  day. 

In  1879  the  "Standard"  mill  was  built  by  E. 
y.  "White  &  Company,  the  present  owners.  It  is 
of  brick  with  a  heavy  stone  foundation,  is  50x155 
feet,  and  six  stories  high,  valued  at  $200,000. 
A  forty-four-inch  victor  turbine  furnislies  (ioo 
horse-power  to  produce  1,200  barrels  of  flour 
daily.    It  requires  the  labor  of  thirty-five  men. 

The  '■  Trades "  mill,  a  brick  .structure  40x59 
feet,  two-stories  above  basement,  is  owned  by 
Hawthorne  Bros.  It  has  tlu'ee  run  of  stone  and 
one  pair  of  corrugated  rollers  for  flour,  and  one 
nm  of  stone  for  feed.  Its  capacity  is  100  barrels 
of  flour  per  day.  A  50-horse  power  engme  op- 
erates the  machinery. 

The  "  Union"  mill  liuilt  by  Henry  Gibson,  in 
1861,  was  the  second  stone  mill  on  the  west  side. 
It  stands  on  the  river  side  of  the  canal,  foot  of 
First  street,  is  471x60  feet,  and  fotn-  full  stories 
high  above  the  basement  story.  Its  wheel  is  a 
48-inch  turbine,  its  capacity  200  banels  per  day, 
usmg  75  to  100  horse-power,  with  a  reserve  of 
200.  It  has  six  nm  of  stone,  and  employs  ten 
workmen,  running  night  and  day,  at  an  average 
yearly  expense  for  wages,  of  S7,8()0.  It  is  owned 
and  operated  by  G.  W.  Goodrich  and  T.  H.  Per 
kins — firm  name  G.  W.  (ioodrich  ami  Company. 
Then-  principal  sales  are  in  Philadeliiliia,  Xew 
York,  Boston  and  European  cities,  making  heavy 
shipments  on  orders  from  Liverpool,  London  and 
Glasgow,  about  one-third  of  their  business  being 
with  the  last  named  points. 

The  "  Zenith"  mill  owned  by  Day  and  llulliiis, 
valued  at  $70,000,  is  a  stone  structure  40x102  feet, 
five  stories  high.  It  was  first  built  in  1870 — 1, 
but  was  destroyed  by  the  explosion  of  ilay  2d, 
1878,  and  was  reliuilt  in  >rovenil)er  of  the  same 
year.  It  has  ten  run  of  stone,  eleven  sets  of 
smooth,  and  four  sets  of  corrugated  rollers.  A 
48-inch  turbine  wheel  of  200  horse  power  propels 
the  machinery.  The  capacity  of  the  mill  is  500 
barrels  per  day. 

The  "Xoitli  Star"  feed  mill, owned  and  operat- 
ed by  F.  C.  Itideoift  tV:  Co.,  is  located  on  Second 
street  and  Fourteenth  Avenue  north.  It  is  30x40 
feet,  one  and  one-half  stories  high;  has  two  run 
of  stone  and  a  seven-foot  reel  for  bolting  produce, 
and  is  driven  by  a  twenty-five  horse-power  engine. 
This  mill  manufactures  fifteen  tons  of  feed  daily. 


398 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Tliis  firm  has  another  feed  mill  in  coimeetion 
with  their  store,  at  401,  Sixth  Avenue  south.  It 
has  one  run  of  stone,  driven  by  a  ten  horse-power 
engine.    The  caiiacity  is  five  tonsof  feed  per  day. 

J.  E.  O.shorne's  feed  mill  is  located  in  the  East- 
man manufacturing  building,  on  Xicollet  Island. 
It  has  one  run  of  stone,  which  has  a  capacity  of 
one  ton  per  hour. 

Upton's  grist  mill,  also  Iwaled  in  tlie  Eastman 
manuufacturing  building,  has  two  run  of  stone, 
and  imidiices  feed  at  the  rate  of  one  and  one-half 
tons  iier  lionr.  The  jwwer  is  furnished  l)y  the 
East  Side  AVater  Power  Company,  from  a  shaft 
nmniiig  throughout  the  entire  building.  In  con- 
nection with  this  mill.  Mr.  I'pton  has  a  furnace 
and  two  revolving  cylinders,  each  holding  two 
banels,  for  roasting  coffee,  peanuts,  etc. 

The  "  Tower  "  mill,  operated  by  Richards  & 
Cooley.  owned  by  I'liilli])  Iler/.og,  is  situated  on 
Main  street  corner  Third  Avenue  soutli-east.  It 
is  run  as  a  grist  and  feed  mill,  and  contains  one 
run  of  stone  and  a  bolter  for  graham  Hour.  etc. 

.MII,l,i:l!"s  ASS()CI.\TION. 

The  Miinicaimlis  Millers"  Association  was  or- 
ganized in  1SG7.  with  the  following  members: 
.ludd  an<l  Ihiukctt.  Eastman  and  Caliill.  Taylor 
IJrotlK  rs,  !•' razee  and  Murphy,  Darrow  ]3rothers 
and  Tondinson,  Perkins  and  Company.  Ollicei-s: 
lircsident.  (Jeorge  ]{rai-kett ;  vice-]>n'sident.  AV. 
F.  Cahill;  secretiiry  and  agent,  Dwiglit  Putnam; 
linrchasing  agent,  O.  Mays.  In  1809  this  asso- 
ciation, to  which  the  present  organization  owes 
its  existence,  was  dissolved.  In  IhT.j  llic  associa- 
tion wa.s  revived,  though  again  as  an  experi- 
mental institution,  with  representatives  of  seven- 
teen large  milling  estaldisliments  as  members. 
'J'lic  olliccj-s  (if  Ihe  experimental  association  were: 
president,  J).  1{.  JJarber:  secret<iry,  E.  JJ.  Mills; 
general  agent,  W.  II.  Dnnwoody;  The  object  of 
llie  rirganization  was  toprovi<le  against  dangerous 
competition  among  jiurchasers,  and  the  jiurchase 
of  wheat  was  put  into  the  hands  of  one  general 
.igent,  with  sole  charge  of  local  buyers  at  all  in- 
terior ]H>ints  as  well  as  proper'distribiition  upon 
its  arrival  at  Minneapolis,  pro  rata  among  the 
members  of  the  association,  according  to  the  ca- 
pacity of  their  respective  mills.  Money  was  fur- 
nished by  the  members  for  purchases  when  called 
for  by  the  general  agent 


The  temporary  organization  took  a  permanent 
form  in  ISTti.  as  a  corporate  body  in  accordance 
with  the  laws  of  the  state,  with  the  following 
incorporators:  John  A.  Christian,  C.  II.  Pettit, 
W.  P.  Ankeny,  Leonard  Day,  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  C. 
G.  Hazard.  D.  K.  liarber,  George  W.  Crocker, 
Carroll  T.  llobart.  .M.  W  .  Getchell,  II.  J.  G. 
Croswell,  M.  B.  Kollins.  William  F.  Cahill.  F.  H. 
Mills,  G.  Schober,  Henry  Darrow,  and  B.  S.  Bull. 

The  first  president  of  the  reorganized  association 
was  W.  P.  Ankeny;  .secretary,  C.  G.  Hazard, 
and  general  agent,  C.  S.  Bunker.  The  stuck  of 
the  company  was  increased  from  §35,000  to  §75,- 
000.  distributed  in  .shares  of  §50  each.  The  mem- 
bership is  open  to  any  co-partnership,  corporation 
or  individual  operating  a  llouring-mill  in  Henne- 
pin county,  on  subscribing  and  paying  for  at 
least  twelve  shares  of  the  stock.  Of  the  total 
359  run  of  stone  in  .Minneapolis  m  1880,  340  are 
represented. 

The  total  amount  of  wlieat  purchased  by  the 
association,  of  the  crop  of  1879-80,  up  to  Decem- 
ber 30th,  was  12.8:;().Siiil  bu.shels.  The  grand  total 
of  the  purchases  of  the  association  from  Jiuie  1st, 
1875,  to  December  30th,  1880,  was  29,044,113 
bushels.  The  prices  maintained  by  the  associa- 
tion (luring  its  existence  prove  it  far  from  antag- 
onistic to  the  interest  of  producers,  for  prices 
have  ruled  higher  relatively,  for  wheat  of  equal 
(luality  in  Minneapolis  than  in  Chicago  or  Mil- 
waidvce.  By  their  iiosition  as  consumers,  one 
profit  is  saved,  wliicli  enables  the  association  to 
pay  higher  iirices  than  middle  men  can  afford. 

The  iiresent  ollicers  of  the  association  are : 
president.  W.  II.  Diiiiwciody ;  vice  president, 
W.  !•".  Caliill;  secretary.  F.  H.  Greenleaf ;  treas- 
uicr.  1).  li.  liarber;  general  agent,  E.  B.  An- 
drews; board  of  directors,  C.  C.  Wasliliurii.  .lohn 
Crosby,  W.  II.  Dunwoody,  C.  .1.  .Martin,  L. 
Christian,  C.  M.  Ilardenbergh,  J.  A.  Christian, 
E.  V.  White.  I).  Morrison.  II.  K.  Fletcher,,!.  K. 
Sidle.  C.  A.  Pillsbury,  \V.  F.  Cahill,  L.  Day,  (Jeo. 
W.  Crocker.  .M.  li.  Kollins.  1).  1{.  Barber,  F.  L. 
Greenleaf.   F.  S,  llinkle.    \V.  II.   Ilinkle.  and  <;. 

Schober. 

i:i,i;v,\r()i!>. 

The  Minneapolis  Elevator  Company  was  or- 
ganized as  a  stock  company  under  the  general  laws 
of  the  slate,  in  1879,  with  a  cajpital  stock  of 
$500,000.       Elevator   A,    located    ou    Chestnut 


ELEVATOBS. 


399 


Avenue,  near  the  city  limits,  was  built  in  1879 
and  the  first  wheat  taken  in  January  20th,  1880. 
The  building  occupies  a  space  of  86x182  feet  on 
the  ground  and  rises  to  a  height  of  147  feet 
from  the  foundations.  The  latter  are  twelve  feet 
in  depth  and  the  superstructure  is  of  the  heaviest 
timber,  covered  with  corrugated  sheet  iron,  which 
makes  it  practically  fire-proof.  This  elevator, 
which  was  buOt  at  a  cost  of  |loO.OOO,  is  the 
largest  and  most  complete  in  its  appointments  of 
any  in  the  west,  the  total  capacity  lieing  780.000 
bushels.  The  arrangement  of  bins,  and  the  ma- 
chiner>-  for  imloading  and  elevating  grain  are  of 
the  latest  improved  patterns,  the  unloading  &\y- 
paratus  being  especial!}-  ingenious.  Two  men, 
with  tlie  aid  of  shovels  operated  by  steam  power, 
being  enabled  to  unload  a  car  containing  four 
hundred  bushels  of  wheat,  in  four  minutes. 

An  engine  room  of  brick.  30x40  feet,  in  which 
a  Corliss  engine  of  two  hundred  and  twenty-five 
horse  power  is  placed,  is  located  west  of  the  ele- 
vator. This  enguie  is  the  only  one  of  the  kind 
in  use  west  of  ilUwaukee  and  is  a  fine  piece  of 
workmanship.  Its  fly-wheel  is  seventeen  feet  in 
in  diameter,  and  the  main  shaft  fly-wheel  of  six- 
teen feet  diameter.  Tlie  tracks  of  tlie  St.  Paul, 
Mimieapolis  and  Manitoba,  and  the  Minneapolis 
and  St.  Louis  railways,  pass  the  elevator,  the  ' 
greater  part  of  the  grain  handled  coming  over 
these  roads  from  the  great  wlieat  fields  of  the 
Northwest  and  from  Southern  Miimesota  and 
Northern  Iowa.  The  officers  of  the  company  are, 
L.  Fletcher,  president;  C.  II.  Petitt,  treasurer;  F. 
S.  Hinkle,  secretary;  and  C.  W.  Tracy,  superin- 
tendent. 

The  Union  Elevator  was  erected  ui  1867  by  a 
stock  company,  the  members  of  which  were  W. 
W.  Eastman,  A.  II.  AVilder,  Col.  Men-iam  and 
D.  C.  Shepherd,  known  as  the  Union  Elevator 
Company.  It  is  located  on  Washington  Avenue, 
comer  of  Ninth  Avenue  south,  and  is  now  known 
as  Union  Elevator  Station,  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
wauke  and  St.  Paul  Railway.  For  ten  years  it 
was  operated  by  the  elevator  company,  the  rail- 
way company  [laying  one  and  one-half  cents  i)er 
bushel  for  handling  grain.  In  1877,  the  railway 
company,  purchased  the  elevator  and  has  since 
continued  its  management,  using  it  exclusively 
for  grain  carried  over  that  line.  The  capacity 
of  the  elevator  is  130,000  bushels.    Mr.  E.  E. 


Holt,  the  present  agent,  has  been  in  charge  for 
the  past  twelve  years. 

The  Pacific  Elevator  is  located  on  A\'ashing- 
ton,  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue  north,  at  tlie  cross- 
mg  of  the  St.  Paul.  .Minneapolis  and  Manitoba 
Railway.  It  was  erected  in  1868,  by  W.  F.  David- 
son, and  has  since  been  under  his  control.  The 
building  is  50x80  feet,  and  120  feet  in  height,  the 
capacity  being  85,000  bushels.  The  number  of 
bu.shels  handled  amounting  annually  to  from  five 
to  seven  hundred  thousand.  The  receipts  are 
from  tlie  St.  Paul.  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba,  and 
the  Minneapolis  uiid  St.  Louis  railways.  The 
elevator  is  furnished  with  a  thirty  horse  power 
engme  of  the  Ames  pattern.  Six  men  find  em- 
ployment at  this  elevator,  under  the  supervision 
of  Mr.  J.  F.  Low,  who  has  been  in  charge  since 
September,  1870.  In  1874,  Mr.  Low,  liy  working 
a  force  day  and  night  passed  one  million  busliels 
of  grain  through  this  elevator. 

The  Pillsbury  Elevator  is  located  on  Conio 
Avenue,  on  the  east  side,  on  the  St.  Paul,  :Minue- 
apolis  and  Manitoba  and  Northern  Pacific  rail- 
ways. It  was  built  in  1880-81 ,  for  the  purpose  of 
storing  grain  for  the  use  of  the  A  mill,  and  lias  a 
capacity  of  250,000  bushels.  The  cost  of  the 
building,  including  the  seventy-five  horse-])ower 
engine,  was  $25,000. 

The  Central  Elevator  was  built  in  1881,  by  a 
company  known  as  the  Central  Elevator  Company, 
composed  of  Huntington,  Potter  and  Ermen- 
trout.  This  elevator  has  a  capacity  for  150,- 
000  bushels.  In  its  construction  7(io.o00  feet  of 
lumber  were  used.  Cost  of  tlie  stiucture  was 
about  $25,000.  A  sixty-five  horse-power  engine 
supplies  motive  power  for  the  machinery.  It  is 
located  on  the  line  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
and  Manitoba  Railway,  at  the  crossing  of  Hol- 
den  Street,  and  is  intended  for  the  storage  of 
coarse  grains  only. 

The  necessity  for  large  store-houses  for  wheat 
was  one  long  felt  in  this  city,  and  led  to  tlie  erec- 
tion of  the  elevators  just  described.  At  times, 
some  of  the  mills  have  lieen  obliged  to  close,  on 
account  of  short  supplies  of  wheat,  but  the  con- 
struction of  these  elevators,  with  a  total  capacity 
for  storing  1,500.000  Imshels  of  grain,  ailnrd  the 
millers resen-oh-s  from  wliidi  llicy  can  cliaw  atall 
times,  and  have  no  fear  of  creating  a  shortage. 


4on 


HISTOBY  OF  ^EN^^EPIJ^  COUNTY. 


ciiArTKi;  i.wv. 

AVATKK  i'<.\vi:it  <  (i:mi'Anii:s -ruoiucT  OF  ltm- 

BKK  — IIOOM  roMl'ANIES— LUSIUEU   MIT.I.S. 

Saint  Anthony  Falls  Water  Power  Company. 
Hy  an  act  aiii>ro\e(l  Feljniary  26th,  185(i,  the 
Saint  Anthony  Falls  AVater  Power  Company  was 
incorporated  for  the  purpose  of  improving  the 
water  power  on  the  east  side.  The  following 
pentlenien  a))peai-  as  incorporators:  Franklin 
Steele.  .lohn  F.  .\.  Sanford.  Frederick  C.  Geb- 
hardl,  Hidiard  Chute  and  John  S.  Prince.  The 
capital  stock  was  placed  at  #160,000,  divided  into 
shares  of  $100  each.  The  act  authorized  Frank- 
lin Steele  to  call  the  first  meeting  and  act  as  pres- 
ident pro  tem.,  until  a  president  should  be  elected 
regularly.  The  act  iilso  provided  that  the  officers 
of  the  company  should  he  a  president,  secretary, 
treasurer  and  three  directors,  with  power  to  in- 
(•rea.se  the  number  of  directors  by  a  majority 
vote  of  the  stock.  The  first  meeting  was  held  in 
1S.56.  in  New  York  city,  jiursuautto  a  call  issued 
by  Mr.  Steele,  which  was  atli-uded  by  all  the  cor- 
l)oratoi-s.  The  officers  elected  were:  Franklin 
Steele,  president:  Richard  Chute,  secretiiry  and 
treasurer;  and  Franklin  .Steele,  Thomas  E.  Davis. 
Fred.  C.  (Jebhardt.  John  S.  Prince.  Hidianl 
Chute  and  John  F.  A.  Sanford.  directors. 

A  <|uestion  aro.se  as  to  the  legality  and  validity 
of  the  organization,  on  account  of  the  lirst  meet- 
ing being  held  outside  the  territory  of  ilinnesota, 
and  in  1857  an  act  wa.s  passed,  legalizing  the  ac- 
tion of  the  New  York  meeting:  also  allowing 
meetings  to  be  held  in  the  territory  only.  In 
1866  an  act  was  i)assed,  which  gave  the  ciiipora- 
tion  tlie  privilege  of  holding  meetings  at  any  jilace 
its  officers  might  deem  most  convenient.  In  1871 
an  act  was  pa.ssed  authorizing  the  comjiany  to 
cliange  its  corporate  name  aii<l  changing  the  ofli- 
cial  list  t<)  that  of  im'sidenl  ami  twelve  directors, 
but  made  no  ](rovision  foi-  secretary  and  treasurer, 
conseiiuenlly  was  not  acce))ted  by  the  company, 
as  it  was  not  pas.sed  at  its  retpiest.  In  1875  an 
amendatiiry  act  was  passed,  |proviiling  that  the 
officers  of  the  company  should  be.  president,  sec- 
retarj',  treasurer  and  six  directors,  i)ermitting  the 
Htock-jioldci-s  to  increase  or  diminish  the  number 
of  ilirectors  by   a  majority  vote,  also  allowing 


them  to  issue  one  or  more  classes  of  preferred 
stock  and  to  carry  on  any  kind  of  mechanical  or 
manufacturing  business.  The  capital  stock  was 
increased  to  S64fl.00(i.  and  April  16th,  1S80,  the 
whole  was  purchased  by  James  J.  Hill,  acting  for 
a  syndicate.    The  officers  of  the  company  are  H. 

B.  Angus,  president:  Edward  Sawyer,  secret^iry 
and  treasurer;  R.  15.  Angus,  James  J.  Hill  and 
Edward  Sawyer,  board  of  directors. 

The  Minneajiolis  Jlill  Company  was  inconwr- 
ated  Feln'uary  27th,  1856,  for  the  purpose  of  im- 
proving the  water  power  at  St.  Anthony  Falls, 
from  the  center  of  the  main  channel  to  the  west 
side.  The  incorporators  were,  Roswell  P.  l?us- 
sell.  ]SI.  L.  Olds,  George  E.  Huy,  Jacob  Elliot, 
Robert  II.  Smith,  D.  Morrison,  George  K.  Swift, 

C.  C.  Washburn,  Leonard  Day,  J.  X.  Xewton,  R. 
F.  Brown  and  1!.  F.  Friday.  The  first  officers  of 
the  company  were,  Robert  Smith,  president;  D. 
Morrison,  treasurer,  and  (ieorge  E.  liny,  secre- 
tary. The  board  of  <lirectors  P.  P.  Russell,  1). 
Morrison  and  .lacob  Elliot,  This  company  own 
a  munber  of  mill  sites  located  upon  the  canal  con- 
structed by  Iheni.  and  also  operate  the  lumber 
mills,  known  as  the  I'latforni  Mills.  The  present 
officers  of  the  cuniiiaiiy  arc,  C,  C.  Washburn, 
president;  W.  I).  Hale,  secretary,  and  II.  II. 
Douglass,  engineer  and  agent.  The  liusiness 
(illlcc  lit'  the  rnni|ian\  is  <iu  the  canal,  at  the  foot 
of  Si.xth  Avenue  south. 

The  business  to  wliich  .Minneapolis  owed  its 
growth  entirely  for  many  years  was  that  of  lum- 
ber. This  iiKlustry  has  been  extended  and  is 
now  one  of  vast  dimensions.  Situated  near  the 
southern  biuuidary  of  the  extensive  pineries,  the 
falls  were  lirst  utilized  in  reducing  its  logs  to  lum- 
ber. Providentiall>.  iu  these  extensive  forests 
lumberfor  building,  and  wood  for  fuel  was  stored 
centuries  ago,  a  fortunate  jMovision  against  the 
inclemency  of  the  vigorous  climate. 

Every  ray  of  sunshine  ever  sImmI  Iutc  has  liccii 
accnmuhiting  in  various  I'nrnis  t<(  pent  up  heat, 
waiting  for  the  jirogress  of  civilization  with  its 
subtle  alchemy  to  utilize  it  for  comfort  ;md  for 
the  development  of  the  resources  of  the  country. 
Every  log  that  comes  down  the  river  bears  testi- 
mony by  the  rings  of  its  succi'ssive  year's  growth, 
to  the  j)reparation  nl'  eentuiies  for  th(!  habitation 
of  enlightcTicd  men.  liiipnilant  and  necessary 
as  this  material  is  to  tlie  wcUare  and  progress  of 


BOOM    COMPANIES. 


401 


the  country,  it  is  nevertheless  true  tliat  tlie  de- 
stiiiction  of  the  forest  which  it  entails,  may  at 
some  future  day  be  a  source  of  regret,  for  foiests 
exercise  a  modifying  intluence  on  climate  and 
rain  fall,  and  besides  add  greatly  to  the  beauty 
of  a  country,  easy  to  destroy  but  dithcult  to  re- 
place. Still  lumber  for  building  and  wood  to 
bum  must  be  had,  and  JSlinneapolis  is  well  sup- 
plied with  both. 

Twelve  lumber  mills  located  at  Minneapolis 
furnished,  in  1879,  149,7.54,547  feet  of  lumber;  in 
1880,  195,4;)2,182  feet,  67,058,.500  sliingles  and 
31,432,500  lath.  The  waste  from  these  mills 
furnishes  summer  fuel  to  the  citizens  and  pro- 
vides a  large  portion  of  the  wood  supply  of  the 
city.  Employment  is  f  urnislied  by  them  to  a  vast 
number  of  men,  who  are  seen  in  the  fall  in  pic- 
turesque costume,  conspi<'uous  by  flaming  red 
frocks  and  buskins,  preparing  for  their  winter 
camps  in  the  pineries.  Again  they  appear  on  the 
streets  in  ^larch,  with  the  earnings  of  the  winter 
in  their  pockets,  but  out  of  employment  until 
the  ice  goes  out  of  the  river,  wliicli  usually  hap- 
pens about  the  middle  of  April.  During  the  few 
weeks  of  interim  between  the  l)reaking  up  of  the 
lumber  camps  and  the  opening  of  the  river  and 
starting  of  saw-mills,  thousands  of  idle  men 
spend  too  freely  the  hard  earned  wages  of  the 
winter,  and  often  make  the  streets  noisy  Ijy  dis- 
orderly carousals.  Some  are,  however,  employed 
in  the  necessary  work  of  breaking  up  the  ice,  a 
work  done  annually  in  the  spring,  from  the  falls 
up  two  miles  on  the  river,  l)y  the  u'Se  of  saws  and 
dynamite  to  avoid  the  dangers  attending  an  ice 
blockade  which  would  be  inevitable,  where  ice 
forms  during  the  winter  to  a  thickness  of  three 
or  four  feet.  After  the  season  opens,  sparks  fly 
from  the  high  chimneys,  and  the  hum  of  the 
busy  saws  continues  night  and  day.  The  logs, 
resulting  from  the  winter's  work  in  the  upper 
streams  come  down  in  great  numbers  guided  to 
their  respective  destinations  by  the  Ijooms  of  the 
boom  company. 

The  Mississippi  Boom  Company,  F.  Steele,  J. 
R.  Brown,  Daniel  Stanchfleld,  and  their  assistant 
construction  company,  was  chartered  February 
3d,  1851,  for  a  term  of  flfteen  years,  subject  to 
alteration  and  amendment  after  five  years.  Cap- 
ital stock  was  placed  at  S25,0U0,  and  shares  at 

$100.    Stock-holders  liable  between  St.  Paul  and 
26 


St.  Anthony.  They  were  permitted  to  charge  for 
all  logs  sorted,  rafted  and  delivered  at  foot  of 
boom,  fifty  cents  per  tlioiisand,  besides  sc-alage, 
or  cost  of  measurement. 

The  St.  Anthony  Boom  Company,  W.  Getcliell, 
F.  Steele,  J.  G.  Lennon,  S.  W.  Farnham,  Ard 
Godfrey,  Joseph  Libbey  and  assistant  construc- 
tion company,  was  organized,  their  charges  being 
forty  cents  per  thousand.  These  companies  were 
sulisequently  merged  into  the  Mississipjii  and 
Bum  Biver  Boom  Company.  On  November  29th, 
1856,  a  meeting  was  held  by  the  projectors  of  this 
company,  and  articles  of  incorpoi'ation  drawn  up, 
in  expectation  of  recognition  at  the  ensuing  ses- 
sion of  the  territorial  legislature,  and  stock  to  the 
amount  of  $9,200  subscribed.  March  21st,  1857, 
the  act  of  incorjioration  was  jiassed,  with  capital 
stock  at  §15,00(1.  The  iirst  board  of  directors  was 
composed  of  C.  F.  Stimson,  R.  Chute,  J.  B.  Bas- 
sett,  John  R.  Lovejoy  and  D.  M.  Hall.  The  first 
regular  meeting  was  held  November  29tli,  1850 
and  the  following  officers  elected:  John  S. 
Prince,  president ;  G.  W.  Buckmore,  vice-iaesi- 
dent  and  .James  A.  Lovejoy,  secretary.  At  that 
time  the  limits  of  the  company  extended  from  the 
limits  of  the  St.  Anthony  Boom  Company  four 
miles  al)ove  the  falls,  to  a  point  five  miles  up 
Rum  river.  In  1862,  by  a  legislative  act,  the 
limits  were  extended  up  the  Mississi])pi  to  Crow 
river  and  down  to  Nicollet  Island.  This  act  took 
from  them   all  jurisdiction  on  Rum   river.    In 

1867,  another  amending  act,  enabled  them  to  in- 
crease their  capital  stock  to  $;i 00,000,  as  fast  as 
improvements  in  the  river  were  made,  and  also  to 
condemn  lands  needed  for  improvement,  and  reg- 
ulate  the  admission  and  discharge   of  logs.     In 

1868,  the  limits  were  extended  uji  Rum  river  to 
Cedar  creek,  and  in  1877  extend(^d  up  tlie  Missis- 
sipi)i  to  Monticello,  the  present  boundary.  The 
officers  of  tlie  company  are:  S.  II.  Chute,  presi- 
dent; O.  C.  ilerriman,  vice-president;  James  A. 
Lovejoy,  secretary  and  S.  B.  Lovejoy,  treasurer. 
Board  of  Directors,  S.  IT.  Chute,  ().  C.  Merriman, 
James  A.  Lovejoy,  J.  Dean  and  L.  Day.  The 
business  office  of  the  company  is  at  No.  Mi,  Cen- 
tral avenue. 

In  1K.")0,  S.  W.  Farnham  commenced  the  man- 
ufacture of  lumber  in  the  first  saw-mill  at  Saint 
Anthony,  the  one  erected  by  Franklin  Steele  in 
1847-8.    The  equipment  of  the  mill  was  but  one 


402 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


9asli-sa\v  and  one  sash-inacliiiie.  Mr.  Farnliain 
seen;>i  to  have  got  the  mills  in  fair  working  order, 
as  he  states  that  from  18.52  to  1855.  the  annual 
production  was  1.2(io.ih)ii  feet  of  lumber.  In 
18.5oMr.  Farnham  retired  from  the  lumber  busi- 
ness, b>it  in  1859  he  again  engaged  in  it  at  the 
presenr  location  of  the  Farnham  &  Lovejoy  mill 
on  Ilenneiiin  Island.  Tlie  establishment  then 
contained  one  muley  saw,  two  rotaries,  one 
shingle  and  one  lath  machine,  and  furnished 
employment  to  lifty  men,  producing  ainiually 
from  three  to  four  million  feet.  In  18(il  .J.  A. 
Lovejoy  became  a  partner,  and  the  mill  was  im- 
proved and  new  maehiiiery  added.  From  that 
time  until  1873,  when  the  mill  was  destroyed  by 
fire,  the  production  amounted  to  from  nine  to 
twelve  millions  aimually.  The  mill  was  rebuilt 
and  began  sawing  May  1st.  187-1.  with  two  double 
circulars,  one  forty-saw  gang,  two  double  edgers, 
and  other  necessary  machinery.  The  mill  is  in 
size  ()5.\]40  feet,  and  produces  yearly  twenty-live 
million  feet  of  luml)er.  One  hundred  and  lifty 
men  liiid  employment  with  this  c()mi)any.  In 
connection  with  the  lumber  mill  the  linn  have  a 
])l;inlng-mill  and  dry-house  located  on  the  corner  of 
Sixth  Street  and  First  Avenue  north-east, 
the  building  and  yard  occupying  one  acre  of 
ground.  Four  planers  and  other  minor  ma- 
chines are  operated,  driven  by  an  engine  of  one 
hundred  and  forty  hor.se-)M)wer.  There  is  also 
one  dry  kiln  containing  four  stalLs. 

The  Hutler  Jilill,  built  in  1877,  by  L.  Uutler, 
was  in  the  fall  of  187!(  jiurchased  by  Eastman, 
15ovey,  and  <"o.  This  mill  is  50x150  feel,  located 
on  the  Fast  Siile  iplatf(U-ni.  The  machinery,  con- 
sisting of  one  gang  of  saws,  one  double  circular, 
one  double  block  sliingle  machine,  edgers,  trim- 
men*,  el<'..  is  propelled  by  a  turbine  water  wheel 
of  one  hundred  and  eighty  horse-iiower.  The 
capacity  is  80,<MiO  feel  of  Imuber,  5(),()(I0  shingles 
and  20.000  lath  jier  diem,  and  the  entire  cut  for 
IHHO,  amounts  toabout  i:i.o(i(i.oiio.  The  company 
employs  upwards  of  eighty  men  and  the  ])ay  roll 
is  aljout  $5,000  )K'r  month.  The  valuation  of  the 
structure  is  <;;io.O(Mi. 

In  18)11)  Kitstman  and  Hovey  bought  of  llieMiu- 
neaiKilis  Mill  Conipany,  the  I'ioneer  Mill,  located 
on  the  West  Side  platform  next  to  the  river.  In 
1871  the  lirm  was  increased  by  the  addition  of  II. 


I).  Eastman.  In  1S79  Mr.  W.  W.  Eastman  re- 
tired from  the  company. 

The  J.  B.  Bassett  and  Co.  saw  mill,  located  at 
the  foot  of  Fifth  Avenue  south,  was  liuilt  in  1870, 
by  its  present  owners.  The  building.  80x100  feet, 
is  etpiipped  with  oiu'  double  circular,  one  forty- 
saw  gang,  one  shingle  and  one  lath  machine,  five 
planers,  one  re-sawing  machine,  edgers.  trim- 
mers, and  all  the  lixtiires  belonging  to  a  first  class 
saw-mill.  The  motive  power  is  furnished  by  a 
sixty  inch  turbine  wheel  of  two  hundred  horse 
power,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  of  which  is 
used  to  produce  daily  90,000  feet  of  lumber,  30,000 
shingles  and  30,000  lath.  The  valuation  of  the 
mill  isSiiO,000,audit  reipiires  sixty  men  to  operate 
it,  with  a  pay  roll  of  SS.oOO  )ier  mouth.  In  con- 
nection with  this  mill  is  a  tlK)rouglily  equipped 
planing  mill. 

Capt.  John  Itollins  Iniilt  the  ■■  UoUius""  saw- 
mill in  1871,  and  operated  it  until  1873.  At  that 
time  it  produced  from  40,000  to  50,000  feet  of 
lumber  daily,  using  one  twenty-four-saw  gang, 
one  double  circular  and  one  lath  machine,  run  by 
an  150  horse-power  engine.  With  an  increased 
capacity  of  75,000  feet  per  day,  it  produced  in 
1880,  about  7.500.000  feet.  F.  P.  Clark,  w^io 
now  owns  the  mill,  purchased  it  in  1873,  and  put 
in  a  patent  trimmer.  He  employs  about  one 
hundred  men  in  mill  and  yards. 

Mill  Xo.  2,  on  the  east  side  i)latl'orm  was  built 
by  Todd,  Conner  and  tiaines,  in  1870  -1.  About 
1876  or  1877,  Frederick  Butterlield  became  the 
owner  and  alkAved  it  to  lie  idle  until  April  Isl, 
1880,  when  Cole  and  Hammond  leased,  and  still 
ojierate  it.  Shortly  alter  the  date  of  this  lease. 
W.  W.  Eastman  imrchased  ami  now  owns  the 
mill.  A  lifty-four  inch.  200  horse-power  turbine 
wheel  i)roi)els  one  double  lleet  gang,  two  doiibU' 
rotaries,  a  shingle  and  lath  machine,  which  man- 
ufacture daily  100,000  feet  of -lumber,  45.000 
shingles  and  30.000  lath,  reijuiring  eighty  men  to 
operate. 

The  I'latl'orm  mills  arc  owmd  ami  operated  by 
the  Minneapolis  Mill  Comiiaii>.  ol  which  C.  C. 
\\asliburn  is  iiresident.  \V.  1).  Hale,  secretary, 
and  H.  11.  Douglass,  engincci-  and  agent.  The 
company  control  sc\cn  of  the  mills  on  the  plat- 
form, viz :  I'ioneer  mill  iiii>iliicing  lo.ooo.OOO 
feet,  of  lumber  annually,  with  one  gang  and  one 
circular:  the  Day  mill  having  one  gang  and  one 


LUMBER  MILLS. 


403 


circular,  makes  10.000.000  feet  per  annum  ;  Joues, 
one  gang  and  one  circular,  17,000,000;  Crocker 
mill,  one  gang  and  one  circular,  8.000.000;  Lin- 
coln, two  gangs  and  one  circular,  is.ooo.OOO ; 
Pettit,  one  gang  and  one  circular,  10,000,000. 
The  Morrison  mill  is  at  present  dismantled  and 
idle. 

The  Goodnow  and  Ilawley  mill  was  built  in 
1S71,  on  the  site  of  the  mill  known  as  the  "Mof- 
fat Mill,"  corner  of  First  street  and  Fourtli 
Avenue  north,  a  small  structure  with  a  few  circu- 
lar saws  and  devoted  principally  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  doors,  sash  and  blinds.  In  1873  Mr.  Mof- 
fat sold  to  Mr.  Bedford  who  took  as  partners 
Messrs.  Boyce  and  Baker.  Tlie  mill  was  by  this 
firm  enlarged  and  new  machinery  added.  In 
1875,  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  W.  C.  Baker  who 
operated  it  imtil  1878,  when  he  leased  it  for  a  term 
of  years  to  Goodnow  and  Ilawley,  the  present  pro- 
prietors. The  capacity  of  the  mill  during  a  ten 
hours  run  is  75,000  feet  of  lumber,  35,000  shingles, 
and  15,000  lath.  The  machinery  consists  of  one 
twenty-six-saw  gang,  one  rotary  saw,  one  shingle 
and  one  lath  machine,  operated  by  an  engine  of 
150  horse-power.  The  firm  employs  140  men, 
and  its  pay  roll  amounts  to  $G,00()  per  month.  In 
1879,  Messrs.  Goodnow  and  Ilawley  rebuilt  and 
improved  the  mill  throughout.  Its  size  is  40x80 
feet. 

Mill  No.  1,  on  the  East  Side  platform,  owned 
by  Merriman,  Barrows  and  Company,  built  by 
L.  Butler,  in  1870-71,  is  run  by  a  200  horse-power 
wheel,  and  gives  employment  to  150  men,  whose 
pay  amounts  to  $7,500  per  month.  It  was  op- 
erated three  years  by  L.  Butler  and  Company, 
then  passed  into  the  hands  of  O.  C.  Merriman 
and  Company,  who  nm  it  four  years,  when  the 
present  firm  of  Merriman,  Barrows  and  Com- 
pany was  organized,  and  took  possession.  This 
firm  consists  of  O.  C.  Merriman,  J.  S.  Lane,  L. 
M.  Lane  and  F.  C.  Barrows.  The  daily  product 
of  this  concern  is  120,000  feet,  the  machinery 
usedbemg  a  thirty-eight-saw  gang,  two  circulars, 
two  shingle  machines,  making  46,000  shingles, 
and  two  lath  machines  making  20,ooo  lath  per 
day. 

In  1872,  McMuUen  &  Company  built  a  mill  nn 
the  site  of  their  present  structure,  known  as 
"Saw-mill  Xo.  5,"  located  on  the  ?]ast  Side  plat- 
form.    Its  capacity  was  25,000  feet  of  lumbei'  and 


250,000  shingles  every  ten  hours.  In  the  winter  of 
1878- "9  this  mill  was  found  inade(piate,  and  rebuilt 
and  fitted  with  entirely  new  machinery.  This  in- 
creased its  capacity  to  from  80,000  to  90.000  feet 
of  lumber.  100,000  shingles  an<l  30,000  lath  every 
ten  hours.  The  power  is  furnished  by  a  flfty- 
four-inch,  250  horse-jiower  turbine  wheel.  The 
company  employs  from  150  to  200  men,  and 
theh-  pay-roll  amounts  to  |8.(ioo  per  month. 
The  product  of  1880  amounted  to  20,000,000  feet 
of  lumber,  15,000,000  shingles  and  4,000,000  lath. 
The  firm  is  composed  of  Jas.  McMullen  and  two 
sons,  Albert  E.  and  Wilbur  II. 

Mill  No.  3,  on  the  East  Side  platform,  built  by 
Todd.  Haven,  Leavitt  &  Company,  in  1873,  is 
now  owned  by  Todd,  JSIartin  &  Company.  The 
machinery,  gang  saw,  one  double  rotary  saw,  one 
single  and  one  double  shingle  machine  and  one 
lath  machine,  produces  daily  over  90,000  feet  of 
lumber  etc.  The  motive  power  is  a  200  horse- 
power wlieel.  The  company  employs  sixty  men, 
paying  them  |4,500  per  month. 

The  "  Faciflc  Mill,"  owned  by  Camp  and 
Walker.  This  mill  is  located  on  the  west  side, 
just  above  the  suspension  bridge,  and  is  called 
the  largest  and  most  thoroughly  equipped  lumber 
mill  in  the  country.  The  original  mill  was  built 
in  1865,  by  J.  Dean  and  Company,  who  conducted 
it  until  1876,  when  the  present  firm  became  its 
proprietors.  The  old  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire, 
October  6th,  1880,  and  the  firm  began  at  once  to 
rebuild.  The  mill  is  in  size  66x132  feet,  its 
construction  and  machinery  costing  about  |85,- 
000.  steam  is  generated  by  nine  two-lluc  boilers, 
22  feet  in  length,  the  engine  being  of  uoo  horse- 
power when  using  steam  pressure  of  eighty 
pounds.  The  immense  smoke-stack,  the  founda- 
tions of  which  extend  liftccn  feet  in  depth,  is  150 
feet  in  height,  and  in  lis  cc instruction,  more  brick 
were  used,  than  are  iii  the  Nicollet  House.  The 
foundations  for  the  main  shaft,  gangs  and  circu- 
lar mills,  are  of  solid  masonry,  built  up  from  the 
ledge  below.  There  are  two  large  circular  mills, 
with  steam  feed  and  canters,  one  Wick's  gang 
of  thirty  saws,  and  one  lwen(y-six-saw  gang, 
besides  the  necessary  minor  machinery,  all  of 
modern  improved  make.  The  estimated  product 
of  the  mill,  is  150,000  feet  in  ten  hours  and  25,- 
000,000  feet  annually.  In  1880,  the  product  of 
the  old  mill  was  14,036,000  feet  of  lumber,  15,- 


404 


IIISTOEY  OF  HEyNEPIX  COUyTY. 


onn.oon  sliingles  ami  S.ddO.OOO  latli.  This  firm 
funiislies  employment  to  20()  men,  in  the  mill 
and  in  their  extensive  logging  operations. 

The  sash;  door  and  blind  factory  of  Bardwell. 
KoViinson  &  Co..  located  at  lliefoot  of  Tliirlceiith 
Avenne  south,  wa.s  established  by  Bisbee.Bardwell 
&  Huntington  in  the  spring  of  187.5.  In  the  fall 
of  tliat  year  Mr.  Huntington  retired,  and  in  the 
spring  of  1S70  P.  P.  Eddy  entered  the  firm.  The 
following  fall  Mr.  Bisbee  sold  to  S.  ('.  Robinson, 
and  in  January,  1877,  Mr.  Eddy  was  succeeded 
by  (".  N.  B obi n son.  and  the  firm  has  since  been 
Bardwell.  Uobinson  it  Co.  They  cut  their  own 
logs  and  have  them  manufactured  into  lunilier. 
of  which  they  annually  use  2..5no.n()0  feet,  besides 
l,OnO.O(Mi  feet  which  they  ])urchase.  Their  trade. 
which  amounts  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
dollars  jjer  year,  extends  in  all  directions,  and  is 
steadily  increasing.  Tliey  emi)loy  one  hundred 
men,  paying  lliem  tliree  thousaiid  dollars  jier 
montli. 

Camp  and  Walker's  planing  mill  is  on  tlie  cor- 
ner of  Fifth  street  and  rourth  Avenue  north.  Its 
size  i.s  .5(1x10(1  feet,  contains  tliree  planing  ma- 
chines, one  siding  machine  and  one  rip  saw,  pro- 
pelled by  a  sixty  horse-power  engine.  Tlie  engine 
room  and  olhi'e  is  a  two  stoiy  brick  ISxtO  feet. 
The  work  done  by  this  mill  is  exclusively  on  lum- 
ber manufactured  liy  the  Pacilic  Mills,  belonging 
to  the  same  firm.  It  furnishes  employment  to 
ten  men. 

John.son  and  IIni'd°s  i>laning  mill  on  Third 
street  and  Third  Avemie  soutli,was  erected  in  1866 
by  Jesse  Copelaml  and  Co.  Between  tills  date  ctnd 
187(i,  several  changes  were  made  in  the  firm.  At 
this  time  Mr.  Johnson  purchased  of-  ]>.  Lingen' 
felter  three-fifths  interest  in  llie  business  and  his 
partners  were  Jes.se  and  Frank  Cupeland,  who 
owned  the  remaining  two-fiftlis  interest.  The 
mill  was  then  .5(1x1(10  feet,  and  two  stories  high, 
containing  three  jilaning  machines,  a  (|uaiitily  of 
sa.sh  and  door  machinery,  and  a  tliirfy  liorse-power 
engine.  In  1871.  Mr.  Jolitison  imrchaseil  .lesse 
Copeland's  interest  and  enlarged  tlic  inill.  In  the 
spring  of  187fi  he  purcha.se<l  Frank  Co|>elan(l"s  in- 
tf-rest  and  conducted  the  business  alone  for  a 
year.  In  March.  1877,  Mr.  Johnson  formed  a 
stork  romjiany.  known  as  S.  L.  Johnson  and  Co. 
In  April.  I8H0,  B.  C.  llurd  having  purchased  all 
of  the  stock  except  Johnson's,  the  name  became 


Johnson  and  Iliird.  They  employ  forty  men,  pay 
S2.()00  per  month  and  enjoy  an  annual  business 
of  about  $75,000. 

Henry  T.  "Welles  built  the  North  Star  planing 
mill,  on  Biver  street,  corner  of  Third  Avenue 
north-east,  in  the  fall  of  1877,  and  two  years  later 
Joy  and  Erh  leased  it  for  a  period  of  five  years. 
Mr.  Joy  manages  the  Korth  Star,  while  Mr.  Erb 
suiierinteiiils  (ioodnow  and  llawley's  mill.  The 
mill  contains  three  planing  machines,  one  siding 
saw,  one  re-savnng  machine  and  one  rip  saw\  A 
forty-five  horse-power  engine  furnishes  power  to 
jilane  8.5.000  feet  of  lumber  jier  day. 

The  planing  mill  of  B.  B.  Langdon  and  Co. 
was  erected  on  Third  street,  near  Tenth  Avenue 
south,  in  1872,  by  the  firm,  and  has  been  in  con- 
tinuous operation  since,  planing,  and  manufactur- 
ing mouldings.  The  building  is  80x100  feet,  has 
live  ]ilaners.  siding  and  rip  saws,  driven  by  a  one 
hundred  horse-iiower  engine.  The  annual  pro- 
duct is  from  lO.ooo.ooii  to  1.5,000,000  feet,  which 
requires  sixteen  men  to  handle. 

E.  Moulton  and  Son's  planing  mill,  corner  of 
Division  ami  Taylor  streets.  East  Divisou,  is  36x.56 
feet  and  was  built  in  1878.  It  contains  two 
planers  and  other  machinery  necessary  to  a  first- 
class  mill.  Employing  twelve  men,  it  has  a  ca- 
pacity of  70,000  feet  every  ten  hours.  Mr.  Moul- 
ton, who  was  in  the  business  for  sixteen  years, 
first  built  a  mill  on  the  island,  which  was  de- 
stroyed by  the  tunnel  wash-out  of  18()8. 

The  St.  Louis  iilaning  mill.  Ninth  street  and 
Central  Avenue,  was  built  in  1878,  by  AV. 
C.  Stetson  and  B.  F.  Nelson.  Tn  March, 
1879,  the  firm  of  Stetson  and  Nelson  dissolved, 
and  Mr.  Nelson  continiuMl  alone  until  November 
1,  1880,  when  it  was  leased  for  a  year  by  the  firm 
of  Nelson,  Tenney  and  Co.  The  structure  is 
22x80  feet,  all  stone  and  iron.  A  low  pressure 
one  hundred  hor.se-iiower  engine  <liives  four 
l)laners,  one  moulding  machine,  one  siding  .saw, 
and  one  ri))  saw.  The  coiniiany  pays  SI  .000  per 
month  fo  twenty-five  men.  who  handle  80,000 
feet  of  IiiniliiT  dailv.  The  firm  of  .Nelson,  Ten- 
ney and  Co.  are  heavy  dealers  in  liiniber,  sash  and 
doors,  occupying  a  yanl  contaiinng  three  sijiiares. 
Mr.  Nelson  also  owns  the  large  sash  factory 
leased  by  Smith  Parker  and  Co.,  who  employ  one 
hundre(l  men.  This  mill  isoi^erated  liy  a  low  jires- 
sure,  one  hundred  ami  fifty  hoi-se-power  engine. 


PLANING  MILLS. 


405 


The  East  Side  planing  mill,  on  Fifth  street  near 
the  depot,  was  erected  by  Hussell,  Tennant 
and  Company,  and  started  np  on  September 
2nth,  1878.  After  this  firm  had  condupted  it 
eighteen  months,  Mr.  Tennant  bought  out  the 
other  two  gentlemen,  and  now  owns  and  con- 
trols the  establishment  alone.  The  building  is 
16x60  feet,  and  is  fully  eqiupped  as  a  first-class 
mill,  turning  out  about  1,000,000  feet  per  month, 
requiring  ten  men,  whose  pay  roll  is  about  S-lOO 
per  month. 

The  sash,  door  and  blind  factory,  and  planing 
mill  of  Wheaton.  Reynolds  and  ('onipany.  Cen- 
tral Avenue,  corner  of  Sixth  street,  was  built  in 
1870,  by  "W.  C.  and  H.  A.  Stetson.  The  origi- 
nal building  was  30x60  feet,  but  additions 
have  been  made  from  year  to  year  until  the 
establishment  now  consists  of  the  sash  factory, 
40x110  feet,  two-stories  high,  planing  mill  20x60 
feet,  one  story,  steam  department  20x40  feet,  dry 
kiln  18x50  feet,  and  shed  room  covering  space  of 
one  acre ;  one  fifty  and  one  thirty  horse-power 
engine  furnish  the  power.  The  company  em- 
ploys sixty  men,  paying  them  $600  per  week. 
The  business  for  1880,  was  $100,000.  Their 
planing  mill  turns  out  80,000  feet  per  diem. 

Jenson,  Gilbrathson  and  Company's  planing- 
mill  and  sash,  door  and  blind  factory  was  estab- 
lished hi  1880,  on  Nhieteenth  Avenue  south.  The 
main  buikUng  is  two  stories  in  height,  50  x  100 
feet.  The  engine-room,  containing  a  sixty-five 
horse-power  engine,  is  two  stories  in  height,  built 
of  stone.  The  second  story  of  this  building  is 
used  as  a  drying-room.  This  mill  is  fitted  up  in 
the  most  approved  style;  has  elevators,  tele- 
phones, et«.  The  members  of  the  firm  are: 
James  Jenson,  business  manager,  J.  N.  Gilbrath- 
son, superintendent  of  factory,  and  W.  H. 
Stringer. 

John  Briggs  built  his  shingle-mill  on  Water 
Street,  corner  Tenth  Avenue  north-east,  in  the 
spring  of  1880,  and  commenced  operations  in 
June.  The  structiue  is  22x75  feet,  is  operated 
by  a  forty  horse-power  engine,  and  employs  seven 
men  to  run  it.  The  machinery  consists  of 
one  shingle-machine,  and  another  will  be  added. 

P.  G.  Lamoreaux's  shingle-mill  occupies  the 
site  of  the  Minneapolis  Lumber  Mill,  which  was 
burned  in  IVIay,  1880.  It  is  located  at  the  east 
end  of  the  upper  bridge.    The  machinery   con- 


sists of  one  single  and  one  double  shingle-machine. 
Mr.  Lamoreaux  has  commenced  to  rebuild  liis 
saw-mill,  which  will  be  36x126  feet,  containing 
one  gang  and  one  circular  saw. 

Ilobart  and  Chatterton's  mill,  located  at  the 
east  end  of  the  upper  bridge,  was  built  in  1876. 
The  firm  manufactures  cedar  posts,  telegraph 
poles,  piles,  and  shingles.  A  twenty-flve  horse- 
power engine  operates  one  shingle-machine,  one 
circular  saw,  and  a  trimmer,  jiroducing  25,000 
shingles  and  from  2,000  to  3,000  posts  per  day. 
The  firm  employs  twenty-live  men,  whose  pay  roll 
amounts  to  §900  per  month. 

The  door,  sash  and  blind  factory  of  Frazer 
and  Shepherd,  corner  of  Fifth  sti'eet  and  Fourth 
Avenue  north,  was  built  in  January,  1879.  The 
factory  consists  of  main  building,  30x64,  two 
stories  high,  dry-house,  18x24,  and  an  addition 
18  X  24.  It  is  thoroughly  equipped  with  improved 
macliinery,  and  employs  sixty  men.  The  power 
is  furuished  liy  the  engine  of  the  Camp  and  Walker 
planing-mill,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  street, 
and  is  transmitted  by  cable. 


CHAPTER   LXV. 


IRON    MANUFACTORIES MILL    FURNISHEKS- 

HARVESTER  WORKS  -PLOW  FACTORIES— MIS- 
CELLANEOUS MANUFACTURERS. 

The  extensive  milling  interests,  i)reviousl>-  de- 
scribed, necessarily  make  room  for  large  manu- 
factories of  iron  work.  This  is  especially  true 
of  the  flouring  mills  in  consequence  of  the  pro- 
gressive character  of  the  business.  No  sooner  is 
a  mill  in  running  order  than  improved  machines 
are  invented  ami  introduced,  furnishing  employ- 
ment to  numerous  slioi)S.  The  heavy  iron  work 
and  the  ornanicnlal  iron,  brass  and  copper  works 
are  represented  by  several  firms,  whose  estab- 
lishments, though  from  time  to  time  extended, 
are  still  overtaxed.  The  principal  firms  are  the 
Nortli  Star  Iron  Works  Company,  .Minneapolis 
Il-on  Works,  O.  A.  I'ray  &  Co.;  the  Union  Iron 
Works,  J.  E.  Lockwood  &  Co.;  Gregor  Menzel 
&  Company;  and  tlic  Northwestern  Stove  Works, 


406 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Spear  &  Busbuell.  Other  extensive  mainifaoto- 
ries  of  wood.  iron,  etc.,  lin<l  abundant  iiatninafje 
from  the  demands  of  the  city  and  surrounding 
country,  a  demand  increasing  beyond  tlie  ability 
of  the  present  establishments  to  supply.  Of  the 
eighty  different  concerns,  half  liav(>  been  es- 
tablished during  the  last  live  years.  The  total 
value  of  goods  manufactured  durini;  the  year 
1879.  inclusive  of  flour  and  lumber,  was  JiS.loo,- 
100,  giving  employment  to  .5.475  men.  In  1880 
the  amount  was  increased  to  110,333,000,  with 
".•250  men  employed. 

The  Minneai>olis  Iron  Works  of  which  ().  A. 
Pray  and  Comiiany  are  proprietors,  were  origi- 
nated by  Otis  A,  Pray,  who,  in  18G6,  formed  a 
partnership  with  John  Webster.  This  firm  was 
organized  for  the  manufacture  of  mill  furn- 
ishing and  niill-wright  goods.  They  opened 
an  office  in  Harrison's  block,  and  during  the  win- 
ter began  the  erection  of  a  brick  building  on 
Wa.shington  Avenue,  between  First  and  Second 
Avenues  south.  After  conducting  business  here 
for  several  years,  the  linn  purchased  a  one-third 
interest  in  the  Minnesota  Iron  AVorks,  which 
were  then  owned  by  Lee  and  Ilardenbergh.  and 
occupied  the  site  of  the  Crown  Roller  Mill. 
After  remaining  with  this  firm  eleven  months, 
Mr.  Pray  sold  his  interest  to  Lee  and  Ilarden- 
bergh, and  iiurchased  the  machine  sliops  of  Plum- 
mer  and  Moore,  comer  of  Sixth  Avenue  south  and 
Second  street.  After  conducting  this  business 
for  a  few  years.  Mr.  Pray  sold  to  the  Xorth  Stiir 
Iron  Works,  arranging  w  itli  them  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  his  goods,  though  he  cnutrolled  their 
sale.  In  1873.  he  lea.sed  all  nf  llic  Alinnesota 
Ironworks,  excepting  the  foinidr>.  whicli  was 
conducted  by  ('.  M.  Ilardenbergh,  who  continued 
until  1876,  when  Mr,  Pray  obtained  control  of 
the  entire  works. 

The  present  Diiu  of  ().  .\.  l'ra.\  and  Coinpauy. 
wan  fonned  June  Ist,  1878,  by  the  association 
with  A.  L.  Miner,  who  had  been  Mr.  ]'ray"s  su- 
perintendent sin<'e  1873.  and  <".  K.  Holt,  his 
head  book-keeper  since  187.').  Adopting  the 
name  of  "  Miinieaiiolis  Iron  Works."  the  new 
firm  leased  for  ninety-nine  years,  thegrcunid  I  hex 
now  Kci'upy  anrl  iniiuediately  began  the  creclion 
of  H  new  fonndrv  ami  niachine-shoii.  All  the 
t'Mils  and  )>atterns  of  the  old  Minnesota  Iron 
Works   were   pur<-hase(l.  but   as  the  tools  were 


worn,  they  were  sold,  the  patterns  valued  at 
S40.(iu(i,  being  retained.  Purchasing  new  tools 
and  machinery,  the  firm  rapidly  completed  the  es- 
tablishment which  consists  of  a  stone  building 
3.5x95  feet,  two  stories  high,  fronting  on  Fifth 
Avenue  south,  corner  of  First  street,  the  first 
floor  being  used  for  olfices  and  the  second  for 
ware-rooms ;  a  large  fire  proof  vatilt  adjoining 
the  olfice  used  to  store  bolting  cloth ;  a  three- 
story  brick  warehouse  32x330 ;  two  brick  one 
story  machiue-sliops,  one  50x100  feet,  and  the 
other,  used  for  wood  work,  50xG5  feet,  and  a 
stone  building  60x80,  used  as  foundry  and  black- 
smith shop.  These  buildings  and  materials  of 
the  firm  are  worth  not  less  than  §100,000.  They 
employ  from  eighty  to  ninety  men,  and  the  sales 
for  1880.  amounted  to  about  $300,000. 

In  addition  to  the  large  local  sales,  the  com- 
pany ships  goods  to  all  parts  of  the  north-west. 
Prominent  among  their  splendid  facilities  for 
niauufacturiug  heavy  iron  goods,  is  a  large  bor- 
ing machine  for  iron,  one  of  the  best  in  the 
country,  and  tlie  only  machine  in  the  west  for 
re-grinding  crusher  rolls.  To  facilitate  shipping, 
the  Chicago.  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  have  laid 
to  the  shops,  three  side  tracks  which  enables  the 
film  to  till  large  orders  from  abroad  with  prompt- 
ness and  disiKitch,  otherwise  impossible.  The 
machinery  is  driven  by  a  50  horse-power  Huckeye 
engine  and  boiler,  which  is  soon  to  Iw  replaced 
by  more  ])owerful  machinery. 

The  slioi)s  are  heated  throughout  by  steam,  and 
in  every  dei)artinent  is  manifest  that  complete 
arrangement  and  iirecision  which  insures  that 
l)erfection  ui)on  which  rests  the  popularity  of  this 
lirosi>erous  manufactory. 

Xorth  Star  Iron  Works,  which  stand  higli  in 
the  rank  of  .\uiericau  iron  works,  occupy  two 
and  one-half  acres  of  ground  on  Hiver  street  and 
Second  Avenue  north.  Formerly  this  manufac- 
tory was  on  llic  llasl  Side,  lint  wlieu  .Mr.  .1.  \\  . 
.Tohnson  came  into  the  lirm  in  ls7(t.  it  was  re- 
moved to  its  present  location,  and  its  capacity 
increased  by  tlw  iiitidductiou  of  the  most  prac- 
tical and  iiiipMiMMJ  niiieliiiieiv .  So  great  was 
tlie  iliMiiioiil  Ini  iis  uiirk  Dial  tliongli  operated 
fourlt'cn  hours  jier  day  for  months  at  a  time,  the 
orders  could  not  all  be  filled.  In  August,  1880, 
Mr.  Johnson  disposed  of  tlie  entire  property  to 
the    present    projirietors.   the    .North   Star   Iron 


IRON  MANUFACTORIES. 


407 


Works  Company.  Principal  among  the  products 
of  this  concern  are  mill  machinery  and  mill  fur- 
nishings, wroiight  iron  pipes,  engine  trimmings, 
steam  and  water  gauges,  water  wlieels,  smut 
machinery,  French  buhr  mill  stones,  separators, 
flour  packers,  smooth  and  corrugated  rollers, 
middlings  feeders,  Improved  Corliss  and  other 
stationary  engines,  steel  and  iron  boilers.  A 
50  horse-power  engine  keeps  the  vast  array 
of  machinery  in  motion,  and  125  men  are  re- 
quired to  perform  the  labor  necessary  to  meet 
the  demands  of  trade.  With  the  manifest  enter- 
prise of  the  new  firm  it  is  safe  to  say  that  the 
splendid  reputation  of  the  Xorth  Star  Iron 
Works  will  not  diminish,  but  will  retain  its 
place  in  the  rank  of  first-class  iron-working  es- 
tablishments of  the  country. 

Xorth-western  Foundry,  corner  of  Third  street 
and  Tenth  Avenue  south,  was  established  in  1874, 
by  G.  Menzel,  his  son,  Charles  G.  Menzel,  and 
D.  C.  Howard,  under  the  firm  name  of  G.  Men- 
zel and  Company:  In  the  fall  of  that  year,  L. 
V.  N.  Blakeman  purchased  the  interests  of 
Charles  G.  Menzel  and  D.  C.  Howard,  but  tlie 
firm  name  was  unchanged.  Tlie  building  and 
grounds  occupy  about  one  and  (jue-half  acres. 
Fronting  on  Tenth  Avenue  south  is  a  building 
20x00  feet,  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  in  the 
south-west  corner  of  wliich  is  the  office.  The 
remainder  of  the  building  is  used  for  a  pattern 
room.  Back  of  this  is  the  foundry,  a  two  and 
one-half  story  building,  60x120  feet ;  attached  to 
this  is  tlie  engine  room  20x30  feet,  and  above 
this  is  the  pattern  shop. 

This  firm  furnishes  all  the  car  wheels  for  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway,  west 
of  the  Mississippi  river,  and  most  (jf  those  used 
by  the  Northern  Pacific,  Minneapolis  and  St. 
Louis,  St.  Paul  and  Diduth,  and  St.  Paul  and 
Sioux  City,  besides  all  the  wheels  used  by  the 
Street  Railway  Company  of  this  city.  Besides 
the  manufacture  of  car  wheels,  this  firm  does  a 
large  business  in  all  kinds  of  architectural,  ma- 
chinery and  ornamental  castings,  employing 
about  sixty  men. 

The  Union  Iron  Works,  owned  by  J.  E.  Lock- 
wood  &  Company,  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  madiine 
shop  opened  by  Mr.  Lockwood  in  1H72.  on  the 
present  site  of  the  Humboldt  mill.  After  re- 
maining three  years  in  that  locality  he  removed 


to  the  vicinity  of  J.  B.  Bassett's  mill  where  he 
remamed  four  years.  In  June,  1879,  the  present 
firm  was  founded,  Mr.  Lockwood  taking  into 
partnership  ('.  II.  I^pton  and  Xils  Nyberg. 
They  at  once  comnienced  to  lit  up  their  present 
quarters  on  Mixin  street  and  SiM-oiid  Avenue,  S.  E. 

Having  increased  their  facilities  by  iiurchasing 
the  stock  and  macliinery  of  the  St.  Anthony  Iron 
Works,  which  had  been  destroyed  by  fire  the  pre- 
vious April.  A  stone  building  fronting  on  Main 
street  is  three  stories  high,  including  basement. 
Its  size,  45x60  feet,  with  a  leased  basement  lax 
60  feet,  gives  them  a  machine  shop  of  60x60  feet.- 
On  the  first  floor  is  the  office  and  another  ma- 
chine shop,  and  the  second  floor  is  de\oted  to 
mill-WTight  and  pattern  shops.  In  the  rearof  the 
basement  is  the  foundry,  4ox6()  feet,  one  story 
liigh.  The  firm  also  have  at  Mr.  Lockwood's  old 
stand,  on  the  west  side,  a  blacksmith  shop  and 
bolting-cloth  manufactory.  They  employ  from 
fifty  to  sixty  men,  and  manufacture  about  163- 
000  worth  of  goods  aninially,  embracing  all  kinds 
of  fiour  and  saw-mill  macliinery.  The  motive 
power  is  furnished  l)y  an  American  turbine- 
wheel  of  100  horse-power,  part  of  which  is  used 
by  other  manufacturers. 

Variety  Iron  Works  of  Ilashow,  Maish  & 
Davis  were  stiu'ted  by  Ilashow  &  JSIaish  on  the 
1st  day  of  May,  1878,  in  the  basement  of  Brack- 
ett's  block,  with  capital  invested  to  the  amount  of 
ten  dollars.  After  remaining  three  months  in  the 
basement  they  took  a  room  on  the  ground  floor. 
On  the  1st  of  October,  1870,  Wm.  H.  Davis  was 
admitted  to  tlie  firm,  and  the  name  changed  to 
Hashow,  Maish  &  Davis.  Business  continued  to 
increase,  and  in  1880.  the  firm  sought  more  com- 
modious quarters,  and  leased  lots  on  Second  street 
and  Fifth  Avenue  south  for  fifty  years.  On  this 
they  have  erected  a  three-story  building,  50x60  feet, 
with  an  ell  20x24  feet.  The  lower  story,  or  half 
basement,  is  used  for  the  coarser  work  of  dressing 
rollers,  the  second  lloor  for  the  machine  shop  and 
the  upper  Mooi-  lor  inlll-l'uiinsliing  and  general 
mill-wright  work.  Tlie  piinciiial  iiiaTiulactures 
are  flouring  and  saw-mill  inai-hinery,  brewers' 
machinery,  shafting,  pulleys,  etc.  Twenty  or 
more  men  are  employed,  producing  in  l88()  .f.50,- 
000  woi-th  of  goods. 

The  Minneapolis  Uoiler  Works  of  M.  \V.(ilenn 
were  established   in    1867,    by   Emmerman  and 


408 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Hardenbergli,  who  operated  them  until  February, 
1878,  when  they  were  purchased  by  the  present 
proprietor.  These  works  are  on  Fifth  Avenue 
south  between  Fiixt  and  Second  streets,  and  are 
devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  boilers  and  all 
kinds  of  sheet  and  boiler  iron  goods.  Its  pro- 
ducts may  be  seen  in  almost  every  town  in  the 
north-west,  and  its  present  business  amounts  to 
about  JHO.lHM)  per  year,  reciuiring  tlie  lal)or  of 
thirtj'-seven  men.  Mr.  Glenn,  the  proprietor,  is 
a  practical  machinist  having  spent  much  of  his 
time  from  cliiUlliood  in  various  (leiwrtments  of 
iron  manufactories. 

North-western  Stove  Works,  owned  by  Bush- 
nell  and  Si)ear,  though  comjiaratively  new  is  the 
oidy  institution  of  tlie  kind  in  tlie  state,  and  has 
already  acquired  a  good  rei)ulation  willi  tlie  trade. 
The  buildings  and  yards  occupy  tw-o  and  one-half 
acres  of  ground  in  Soutli  Miniieai>olis  near  the 
Ilan'ester  Works,  besides  extensive  ware-rooms 
at  204  Hennepin  Avenue.  The  enterprise  was  es- 
tablished in  1H78.  by  Edward  Spear,  Jr.,  whose 
twenty  years  exi)erience  enabled  him  to  lay  a 
strong  foundatiiin  for  a  large  business.  In  Jan- 
uary, 18h(i.  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Charles 
R.  Bushnell,  practical  macliinist.  and  the  firm  is 
now  kuowii  as  IJushnell  and  Si)ear.  The  factory 
is  devoted  exclusively  to  tlic  manvifarlure  of 
stoves,  making  a  specialty  of  hay  stoves  for  the 
use  of  the  settlers  on  tlie  ))rairies.  The  full 
working  force  is  seventy-live  men. 

In  1807,  Frank  Grygla  and  Comjiany  began  the 
manufacture  of  galvanized  iron  cornice,  shutters, 
sky-lights,  pilcli  and  gravel  roofing.  Since  then  a 
a  iiiimlier  of  changes  have  occurred  in  the  linn  prior 
U)  March,  IHHO,  wlien  II.  E.  Seidell  became  the 
sole  partner  of  Mr.  Grygla,  under  the  firm  name 
of  (irygla  and  Sehleii.  Tliey  retain  tlie  original 
site,  114  North  Tliird  street,  occupying  a  frame 
building,  22x100  feet,  three  slorii's  high,  tlie 
first  story  of  wliicli  is  used  for  iiiaiiulactiiriiig. 
and  I  he  wareii«ini  is  on  Kleveiilh  streel.  Tlieir 
pnKliicts,  amounting  to  too.ooii  jicr  annum,  are 
sliip]>ed  to  all  |iaits  of  the  state.  aii<l  tn  Wiscon- 
sin, Iowa.  Montana  and  .Manitulia. 

M.  II.  Critleiiden.  seiiliir  partner  of  the  linn  of 
Crittenden  and  Scribner,  came  to  St.  I'aiil  in  IHOfi, 
and  engaged  in  pitch  and  gravel  rooting.  This 
he  soon  after  extended  to  .Minneapolis,  and  in 
lh71,  ItHik  into  parlnershiii,  Edward  E.  Scribner. 


In  1868  they  commenced  the  manufacture  of 
their  own  tar  paper  and  other  roofing  material, 
and  in  1875  tliey  added  the  production  of  galvan- 
ized cornice,  tin  and  slate  roofing.  In  April, 
1880.  tlie  firm  procured  its  jnesent  (piarters,  203 
and  205  First  Avenue  north,  occupying  a  build- 
ing 45x62  feet,  all  of  which  is  used  for  shop  and 
storage  room.  Besides  tliis  tliey  conduct  an  ex- 
tensive business  in  coal  tar.  concrete  and  asphal- 
tiini  sidewalks  and  looling.  re(|uiriiig  the  labor  of 
ten  workmen. 

Slrotliman  Brothers,  proprietors  of  the  North- 
western Iron  Works,  began  operations  June  1st, 
1880,  on  the  corner  of  Third  street  and  Ninth 
Avenue  south,  where  they  leased  ground  and 
erected  a  building  30x60  feet.  The\'  make  mill 
machinery,  shafting,  pulleys,  boxes,  and  gearing. 
Both  members  of  the  firm  are  practical  machin- 
ists. .7.  IT.  Strothman  is  at  present  sui»erintendent 
of  O.  A.  Pray  and  Company's  works,  and  his 
brother,  E.  E.  Strothman,  manages  their  own  es- 
tablisliment,  which  is  operated  by  a  ten  horee- 
power  engine.  The  firm  exjiects  soon  to  enlarge 
to  meet  tlie  denuuids  of  tlieir  raiiidly  increasing 
trade. 

II.  C.  Butler,  nianul'artiirer  of  mill  jiicks  and 
iron  work,  estalilished  business  in  l.s.")7.  in  a  small 
shop  on  N'intli  .\ venue  soutli.  witli  but  one  forge, 
and  a  capital  of  about  ten  dollars.  He,  with  one 
assistant,  set  to  work,  and  in  1S5S,  just  as  lie  was 
commencing  to  realize  some  reward  for  his  in- 
dustiN .  liis  slioi)  was  destroyed  by  fire.  He  then 
built  on  Sixth  .V venue,  where  he  did  a  prosjier- 
ous  business  until  180(1,  wlien  his  shop  was  again 
destroyed  by  fire.  He  again  built,  and  was  again 
a  sulTerer  by  lire.  He  then  liiiilt  on  the  present 
site  oT  llie  lluiiiliolill  mill,  and  tlieie  en.joyed  a 
season  of  unobstructed  prosperity,  until  the  explo- 
sion of  the  mills  ill  ISTs.  when  his  shop  was 
tolall\  destroyed,  lie  then  imn-hased  his  present 
location.  2").')  Sixth  Avenue  south,  where  he  oc- 
cupies a  building  27x100  feel,  in  whidi  are  six 
forges,  furnishing  emploMiient  to  I'ourteen  work- 
men. Manufactures  mill  picks  and  other  iron 
and  steel  work. 

Ivlward  Kennedy,  mill-pick  maker,  first  began 
business  in  1.S73.  at  No.  oil  Second  street  soutli, 
where  he  occupied  a  building  22x68,  used  three 
forges,  and  eni]ilo>cd  live  worUluen.  lie  began 
manufacluring   for  the  home  trade  only,  but  lias 


jfAcmyisTS. 


409 


received  orders  from  abroad  until  now  he  ships 
goods  to  all  the  north-western  states.  Manitotia. 
■Washington  Territon'  and  California.  The  shop 
was  burned  November  H>th.  18S0,  and  was  a 
total  loss,  but  Mr.  Kennedy  immediately  rebuilt 
on  First  street  between  Fourth  and  Fifth  Ave- 
nues south. 

The  Minneapolis  Fence  Works,  owned  by  Me- 
lony  &  Kyle,  was  established  in  1871.  by  Day  & 
Rollins,  whose  shop  was  located  on  .Second  street 
and  Fifth  Avenue  south.  Its  manufactures 
consist  of  wood  and  iron  fencing  and  roof  crest- 
ing. After  conducting  the  business  four  years, 
Mr.  Day  died.  'Sli.  RoUins  ran  it  alone  imtil 
December,  1878.  when  he  t<x)k  E.  F.  Melony  in- 
to partnership  under  the  firm  name  of  Charles 
G.  Rollins  &  Co.  In  .July,  1879.  Mr.  Rollins  sold 
his  interest  to  J.  X.  Kyle,  and  the  firm  of  Me- 
lony &  Kyle  was  established.  In  the  spring  of 
1880.  they  moved  to  their  present  site,  comer  of 
Third  street  and  Fourth  Avenue  south. 

The  Xorth-westem  Fence  and  Architectural 
Iron  Works  of  Philip  Herzog,  dates  its  existence 
from  1869,  when  ilr.  Herzog  opened  a  small  shop 
in  the  upper  part  of  the  old  Morrison  planing- 
miU,  where  he  employed  but  one  assistant  the 
first  year.  In  1872  this  mill  burned,  and  Mr. 
Herzog  purchased  ground  on  Third  Avenue  south 
and  Second  street,  E.  D..  and  built  a  shop  40x80 
feet,  which  now  constitutes  his  main  building. 
His  business,  constantly  increasing,  has  com- 
pelled him  to  enlarge,  from  time  to  time,  until  he 
now  occupies  115x132  feet  and  employs  twenty- 
sis  workmen.  The  machinery  is  driven  by  a  loO 
horse-power  turbine  wheel,  though  it  requires 
but  fifty  horse-power  to  operate  the  null.  The 
business  amounts  annually  to  $90,00<J,  the  products 
being  iron  and  wood  fences,  iron  lawn-chairs,  set- 
tees, roof-railings,  etc. 

Bachner  Bros,  in  1867,  opened  a  gun  store  on 
Hennepin  Avenue,  between  Wa.shinton  Avenue 
and  Second  street.  In  .Januan-,  1878.  they  re- 
moved to  their  present  quarters,  at  36  Washing- 
ton Avenue  south.  For  a  number  of  years  they 
manufactured  muzzle-loading  rifles,  but  lately 
have  added  machinery  by  which  they  are  engaged 
in  making  breech-loading  shot-guns.  They  do 
an  extensive  repairing  business,  and  carry  a  large 
stock  of  fire-arms,  hunting,  trapping,  fishing, 
camping,  skating  and  police  equipments. 


In  the  fell  of  1879.  Henry  Krueger  came  to 
ilumeapoUs  and  opened  a  gun-shop  at  his  present 
location,  Xo.  10.  Second  street  south.  His  busi- 
ness has  increased,  and  he  now  enjoys  an  annual 
trade  of  about  $7,000,  carrying  a  complete  stock 
of  guns  and  other  iiunting  materials. 

H.  -J.  Pyle  on  the  1st  of  May.  1880.  commenced 
the  manufacture  of  fire-arms  at  400  XicoUet  Ave- 
nue, where  he  still  remains,  carrying  a  full  stock 
of  fire-arms  and  other  goods  pertaining  to  his  line 
of  business. 

In  1880.  .John  Grime  and  Company,  organized 
for  the  manufacture  of  machinists  and  engineer's 
tools,  taps.  dies.  etc.  They  are  located  on  Xicol- 
let  Island,  in  the  basement  of  the  manufacturing 
building,  where  they  have  a  room  3-5x60  feet,  em- 
ploying six  workmen.  This  firm  makes  a  speci- 
alty of  J.  Grime  and  Company's  new  pipe  vice, 
and  also  have  other  inventions  nearly  ready  to 
introduce  to  the  public. 

The  Minneapolis  Drill  Manufactory  was  started 
in  1865,  by  I.  L.  Penny,  on  the  ground  now 
occupied  by  M.  W.  Glenn's  boiler  works.  The 
first  machinery  was  a  foot  lathe  which  sufficed 
the  first  year  At  the  close  of  the  second  year 
he  removed  to  his  present  quarters,  315  Thud 
Avenue  south,  where  he  erected  a  building  25x70 
feet,  two  and  one-half  stories  high,  in  which  he 
employs  fifteen  men,  manufacturing  c-oopers' 
tools.  driDs.  and  forging  hammers,  besides  doing 
an  extensive  jobbing  business.  The  machinery 
of  this  institution  is  driven  by  a  fifteen  horse- 
power engine. 

The  machinery  and  mill  furnishing  business 
of  W.  S.  Hall  was  established  in  1876,  on  Second 
street,  between  .Seventh  and  Eighth  Avenues 
south,  by  Dufrasne  and  Douglas.  They  re- 
mained there  until  May  2,  1878,  when  their  shop 
and  tools  were  destroyed  in  the  mill  disaster  of 
that  date.  The  firm  re-organized  and  employed 
six  men.  In  Januarj',  1879.  the  firm  of  Doug- 
las and  Hall  was  formed,  tlie  building  enlarged 
to  35x100  feet,  two  and  one-half  stories,  the 
force  increased  to  twelve  men.  and  an  annual 
business  of  ^25,00<J  enjoyed.  On  the  11th  day  of 
October,  1880,  W.  S.  Hall  purchase<l  Mr.  Doug- 
las'  interest,  and  now  couducts  the  business 
alone. 

In  1877  George  F.  Perkins  commenced  business, 
manufacturing    and    repairing    machinery'    and 


410 


HTSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


mill  work.  He  invented,  and  in  1878  com- 
menced the  manufacture  of  the  Perkins  jack- 
screw.  In  .June.  1880.  he  formed  a  partnership 
Willi  ('.  K.  Thayer,  under  tlir  lirm  mime  of 
George  F.  Perkins  and  Coniiiany,  and  in  July, 
of  the  same  year,  they  imrchased  the  site, 
X(i.  llio  .Main  street  sonlli.  an<l  erected  a 
buildinf?  25x40  feet,  two  stories  high.  Their 
business,  making  Perkins"  jack-screws,  and  all 
kinds  of  screw  presses,  required  the  labor  of  five 
men.  Their  building  was  destroyed  by  fire  on 
the  l-5th  of  January,  1881,  and  the  firm  leased 
for  five  years.  Xo.  12-5  Main  street  south,  of  X. 
II.  Bolton.  At  this  time  the  firm  was  strength- 
ened by  the  admission  of  W.  B.  Cogger,  pattern 
maker,  formerly  sui)erintendciit  of  the  Ohio 
Bolt  Company.  In  coiuicctidn  with  their  own 
work  they  manufacture  Bolton's  macliiiitrN  re- 
quiring the  labor  of  twelves  men. 

Ill  18711.  Xelson  and  Ilcrnlund  started  a  black- 
smith shop  at  122  Main  street  south-east,  and 
did  business  until  the  spring  of  1878,  when  they 
rented  a  portion  of  their  shop  to  August  Malm- 
.sten.  who  put  in  a  small  latlie  for  repairing  etc. 
In  July  of  the  same  year,  Mr.  Ilernlund  died, 
and  a  partnership  was  formed  by  Messi-s.  Malm- 
sten  and  X'elson.  who  did  business  together  until 
May,  1870,  when  J.  W.  Ilcrnlund.  son  of  the  for- 
mec  partner  was  ailmittcil  to  the  iiartncrship 
which  was  call  Malmslcn.  Xclsun  and  ('omi>any. 
Their  business  of  mainilacturiug  wfiod  and  iron 
machinery  and  bolls,  and  general  blacksmithing 
and  re])airing.  requires  eight  men.  and  amounts 
to  about  $K.(iiio  yearly.  It  has  increased  vnitil 
the  firm  was  coni])elled  to  jiurchase  the  entire 
building  wliicli  is  40x74  feet,  two-stories  high 
above  the  bascmcni.  The  i)ower  is  furnished  by 
the  Kast  Side  Walci-  Power  Company. 

The  mill  furiiisbiiig  eslablisbnicnt  of  .\.  II. 
Kirk  wa,s  founded,  May  1st,  1878,  with  a  cajiilal 
of  if2oO.  as  a  niill-wright  and  n'i)airing  shoj). 
One  man  was  ciniiloyed  in  one  half  of  the  lower 
floor  of  the  l)uildi]ig  on  the  conici'  of  Second 
slreetand  Sixth  .\ venue  soulh.  lie  now  occupies 
the  entire  building,  which  is  UtixOO  feet,  two- 
stories  high  with  a  full  basement,  in  which  he 
employs  twenty-fiv(!  men  in  the  mauulacture  of 
middlings  purillers  of  his  own  niMutioii.  ami  all 
kiiiils  of  mill  fiuiiisbings.  lie  re(|uires2">  liorse- 
IMiwer  lo  proiiel  bis  machinery;  this  is  obtiiined 


from  the  Xorth  Star  Woolen  mills  which  adjoin. 

A.  R.  (iiiilder.  manufacturer  of  middlings  puri- 
fiers and  mill  machinery.  In  1872,  Mr.  Guilder 
secured  his  first  patent  on  a  middlings  purifier, 
and  has  been  engaged  in  their  manufacture  since. 
His  |)lace  of  business  is  on  Sixth  Avenue  south, 
where  he  occupies  a  building  30x44  feet,  and  em- 
ploys six  men.  sales  amounting  annually  to  SIO,- 
000.  Mr.  (iuilder  is  the  inventor  of  several  im- 
provements in  mill  machinery,  which  he  manu- 
factures. 

Fonder  and  Culhbertson.  42.5  Fourth  sti'eet 
south,  manufacturers  of  Standard  purifiers  and 
dealers  in  mill  furnishing,  established  their  busi- 
ness in  1S74.  Mr.  Fender  is  the  inventor  of  the 
Standard  middlings  purifier,  which  was  patented 
in  1874,  since  when  several  improvements  have 
been  made  and  patented.  C.  C.  Washburn  uses 
them  exclusively,  having  fifty-five  in  the  "A"  mill 
alone.  The  firm  are  at  present  manufacturing 
aspirators,  a  machine  called  into  use  by  the  roller 
system  of  making  flour.  Fifty  of  these  machnes 
are  now  in  use  in  this  city.  The  business  of  the 
firm  for  1879,  amounted  to  |fin,oO0,  furnishing 
employment  to  thirty  men,  whose  weekly  wages 
amounts  to  §300. 

The  shingle,  lath  and  saw-mill  machine  manu- 
factory of  X'.  II.  Holton  was  establislied  by  him  in 
1M72.  where  the  express  office  now  stands,  on  Ilen- 
nci)in  Avenue,  lie  received  his  power  from  the 
Xicollel  House  engine,  and  at  first  employed  one 
assistant ;  but  his  business  soon  increased  to  such 
an  extent  that  he  was  compelled  to  enlarge,  and  he 
leased  ground  upon  which  he  erected  a  building, 
at  So.  12(1  Main  street  S.  E,,  which  he  occupied 
until  May,  1870,  when  he  purchased  his  present 
location,  at  125  Main  street.  S.  E.  This  building 
is  of  stone,  20^x00  feet,  four  stories  high  includ- 
ing basement.  In  comiection  with  his  manufac- 
tures he  deals  extensively  in  engines  and  boilers, 
doing  an  annual  business  of  ;flO.(iO(i. 

In  May,  lHii7.  .lohn  IliTilon  came  to  .MiTineajHi- 
lisand  began  the  Imsiness  of  niakinir  saws  with 
A.  M.  Micbardsoii.  now  deccMsed.  undei-  the  linn 
name  of  Hichaiilson  \  lliiiton.  on  First  .V venue 
soulh,  between  First  and  Second  streets.  In 
isii'.i  Mr.  Uichardsou  retired  from  the  linn.  Mr. 
lllutiiii  conthiueil  alone,  and  soon  removed  to 
Scconil  street,  belween  Fifth  and  Sixth  streets 
south,   where    he  remained   until   the  spring  of 


PLOW  WORKS. 


411 


1878,  when  he  removed  to  his  present  stand,  252 
Second  street  sonth. 

Tlie  Minneapolis  Plow  ^V^)rks  was  founded  in 
1868,  by  C.  K.  Perrlne  &  Company,  on  First  Ave- 
enue  north,  corner  River  street.  In  1870,  Jilr. 
King  entered  the  firm,  which  was  changed  to  Lar- 
away,  King  &  Perrine,  which  continued  until 
1877,  when  ilr.  Perrine  disposed  of  his  interest, 
since  when  the  firm  has  been  Laraway  &  Kint^. 
The  building  is  of  stone,  44x1.57  feet,  turning  out 
annually  about  5,000  plows,  harrows,  hay-rakes 
and  other  articles  in  proportion. 

In  1860,  S.  T.  Ferguson  started  the  Monitor 
Plow  Works,  which  he  conducted  till  1872,  when 
an  incorporated  stock  company,  entitled  the 
"Monitor  Plow  Works,''  with  a  capital  of  |30,000, 
was  formed.  In  1S74T  the  capital  was  increased 
to  •$ 75,0U(J,  and  in  lS7ti  tlie  business  was  again 
increased  by  adding  the  manufacture  of  sidky- 
rakes.  Tlie  company  now  turns  out  7,000  plows 
and  sulky-plows,  800  rakes  and  a  large  numl)er  of 
scrapers  and  corn-planters  annually.  They  em- 
ploy seventy-five  men,  and  have  estalilished  dis- 
tributing points  in  various  parts  of  the  north- 
west. The  shops  are  situated  on  a  twenty-acre 
tract  in  tlie  town  of  Minneapolis  just  outside  the 
city  limits.  The  present  ofHcers  of  the  company 
are  S.  T.  Ferguson,  president  and  superintend- 
ent, and  W.  B.  Jackson,  secretarv  and  treasurer. 

The  plow  factory  of  C.  K.  Perrine,  is  a  brick 
building  two  stories  high,  25x72  feet,  on  First 
street  and  Second  Avenue  north,  and  was  built 
in  1877.  Mr.  Perrine  is  the  pioneer  plow  manu- 
facturer of  Minneapolis,  having  started  a  factory 
on  First  street  north  as  early  as  1861,  continuing 
till  1868.  when  he  entered  the  firm  of  Lara- 
way,  Perrine  and  Co.  In  1877.  Jlr.  Per- 
rine withdrew  from  this  firm  and  began  doing 
busmess  alone,  making  jilows,  wagons  and  road 
scrapers,  which  he  disposes  of  at  retail.  He  an- 
nually makes  five  hundred  plows. 

The  Minneapolis  Harvester  'Works,  located  m 
South  Miinieapolis.  In  1873,  a  stock  eompanv, 
with  a  capital  of  S150,000  was  organized  under 
the  above  title  for  the  jmrpose  of  manufacturing 
reaping  macliinery.  Nelson  Williams  was  secre- 
tary and  treasurer,  and  M.  G.  Hubbard,  superin- 
tendent. In  1874  the  works  were  leased  to  J.  L. 
Spink  and  Company,  who  continued  the  manage- 
ment until  1876.    September  1st,  of  that  year, 


the  present  company  was  organized,  and  has  since 
enjoyed  a  prosperous  business.  October  9tli, 
1876,  the  buildings  used  as  factories,  were  de- 
stroyed by  fire.  The  company  immediately  re- 
built, the  new  buildings  erected  being  made  fire- 
proof as  far  as  practicable.  In  the  fall  of  1878, 
the  mcrease  of  business  demanding  it,  the  capaci- 
ty of  the  works  was  doubled.  In  1880,  the  num- 
ber of  machines  of  all  patterns  produced,  was 
2,600.  The  machines  manufactured,  are  the 
Dewey  Harvester,  the  Minneapolis  Harvester  and 
Twine  Binder,  and  the  Minneapolis  Harvester 
No.  One,  in  the  making  of  which  two  hundred 
men  are  employed.  The  officers  of  the  company 
are  D.  Morrison,  president ;  C.  Morrison,  vice- 
president;  and  R.  H.  Jones,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. 

E.  Broad,  manufacturer  of  and  dealer  in  patent 
cant  hooks  and  all  kinds  of  tools  for  river  driving, 
is  one  of  the  pioneer  manufacturers  of  this  city. 
He  located  in  St.  Anthony  in  1855,  and,  in  a  small 
shop  on  Front  street,  commenced  making  edged 
tools.  After  three  weeks  this  was  destroyed 
by  fire  and  he  built  a  temporary  shop  on  Ilenne- 
pm  Island,  the  site  of  the  building  he  now  occu- 
pies. In  1856  he  built  a  stone  builduig  30x40 
feet,  and  commenced  on  a  larger  scale.  He  con- 
tinued in  the  edged  tool  business  until  1H70.  when 
he  abandoned  that  branch  and  gave  his  entire  at- 
tentifin  to  the  manufacture  of  a  cant  hook  known 
as  "Broad's  Patent  Cant  Hook,"  which  supplied 
a  want  long  felt  by  lumbermen  and  lias  saved 
tliousands  of  dollars  in  the  expense  of  log-diiving. 
It  is  used  throughout  the  United  States.  Mr. 
Broad  owns  and  occupies,  as  a  wood  working 
department,  the  upper  floor  of  Ilerzog's  fence 
works,  on  Third  Avenue  south-east.  This 
room  is  40x80  feet  and  is  supplied  with  twenty 
horse  power  by  cable  from  the  Tower  mill  on 
Main  street.  The  business  now  funiislies  employ- 
ment to  seventeen  men  in  the  two  buildings,  pro- 
ducing 7,000  cant  hooks  auiiually.  besides  other 
implements  used  in  mills  and  river  driving.  The 
stone  building  on  the  island  is  tljc  lirst  building 
erected  in  that  locality. 

The  Minneapolis  Brass  Works,  owned  l)y  I'ccl 
and  McWaters,  were  founded  in  a  room  10x20 
feet,  in  1877,  by  Hichanl  Peet.  who.se  capital 
amounted  to  ten  dollars.  The  small  Kiimi  soon 
became  inadequate,  and  .Mr.  Peet  secured  more 


412 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNIY. 


commodious  quarters,  which,  in  theu-  turn  prov- 
ing too  small,  he  abandoned  for  the  spacious 
liascnu-nt  nf  the  Hrackett  block.  Here  he  enlarg- 
ed from  time  to  time,  until  the  burning  of  the 
block  left  him  without  a  shop.  A  short  time  be- 
fore the  lire.  Mr.  I'eet  had  taken,  as  partner, 
David  McAVatei-s.  a  practical  moulder.  They  now 
occupy  rooms  30x1110  feet,  at  2\2  First  Avenue 
south,  in  Brackett's  new  block.  Emjiloying  ten 
men.  their  principal  manufactures  are  plumbers 
and  distiller's  brass  goods,  brass  castings,  etc. 
In  October,  lb80.  Mr.  Peet  purchased  ilr.  Mc- 
Water's  interest,  and  associated  with  himself, 
.Mr.  S.  Hatfield,  iiiiiler  the  firm  iiameof  Peet  and 
Ilatlield. 

Minneapolis  Copper,  Brass  and  Sheet  Iron 
Works  <jf  Louis  K.  Fritsche,  was  founded  in 
April.  IK7M.  at  olft  Second  street  south,  under  the 
lirm  name  of  A'an  Horn  and  Fritsche.  In  April, 
1879,  ilr.  \'an  Horn  withdrew,  and  Mr.  Fritsche 
has  since  conducted  the  business  alone.  From  a 
very  small  beginning  the  business  has  been  stead- 
ily increasing.  In  the  building  now  occupied 
33x50  feet,  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  are 
nianufa<-tured  and  repaired  lirewery,  distillery 
and  mill  work,  and  also  soda  fountains. 

The  Minneapolis  File  Works,  was  established 
at  204  First  street  north,  in  1K70.  by  Herman 
Boetlcher.  who  has  since  conducted  the  business. 
It  is  the  only  manufactory  of  the  kind  in  the 
stale,  making  a  specialty  of  files  and  rasps. 
Three  men  are  employed. 

Tlie  Hall  and  Dann  Harrel  (,'onipany  was  incor- 
porated .June  12lli.  18S0.  and  at  once  began  the 
erection  of  the  mammoth  building  used  as  a 
mainifactory.  located  comer  of  First  street  and 
'l"liii(l  Avenue  south.  The  structure  is  of  brick, 
four  stories  high  and  covers  ground  space  60x172 
feet:  It  was  completed  in  the  fall  of  1880.  This 
is  the  largest  barrel  manufacturing  establishment 
in  the  country,  having  a  ca]iacity  for  turning  out 
•1,0(10  barrels  daily.  (Jne  hundred  and  .seventy- 
five  men  are  employed.  The  building  is  fur- 
lUhhed  tlirougliout  with  the  latest  improved 
machinery,  healing  and  drying  apparatus.  A 
forty-live  horse-power  engine  supplies  the  motive 
|Miwer.  The  product  of  \\i\h  concern  is  used  for 
Hie  packing  III  Hour  nianufartnred  in  .Minnea|Hilis. 

The  <'o-o|N'nitiye  Barrel  Manufacturing  Om- 
pany.  was  incorjKiraled  under  the  general  laws  of 


the  state,  and  commenced  business  November  23d, 
1874,  the  limit  of  the  corporation  being  fifteen 
yeare.  The  two  liuildings  occupied  as  factories 
are  located  on  Sixth  street,  at  Eleventh  Avenue 
south.  The  shares  were  placed  at  one  hundred 
dollars,  there  being  sixteen  share-holders  when  the 
organization  was  comiileted.  There  are  now  six- 
ty members  of  the  association,  each  holding  U\o 
shares.  The  capital  stock  amounts  to  §20,000. 
This  company  turn  out  7,000  barrels  per  week, 
employing  eighty  men  in  the  factory.  The  otli- 
cers  of  the  company  are,  J.  A.  Smith,  president  ; 
J.  \y.  Overacker,  secretary  and  treasurer.  J.  A. 
Smith.  Thomas  Tyler,  II.  J.  Hughes,  John 
Thompson  and  J.  W.  Doran,  constitute  the  board 
of  directors. 

The  Hennepin  County  ^{arrel  Company,  was 
organized  anil  incorporated  in  January,  1880.  It 
is  based  on  the  protective  style  each  member  re- 
ceiving a  share  of  the  jirofits.  The  capital  stock 
was  placed  at  |lo,(ioii.  with  shares  at  fifty 
dollars  each.  The  factory  is  located  on  Fifth 
street,  ciinier  Fifteenth  Avenue  south.  This 
iiiiii|ian\  iJiaiiiirartures  2.oOii  barrels  a  week,  and 
eaiploNs  thirty  men.  The  olhcers  are,  W.  B. 
Cliani|)ion.  president  and  secretary;  Joseph 
Coombs,  treasurer ;  board  of  directors,  E.  J.  Car- 
lin.  Charles  Tenant.  William  Priest  and  T.  J. 
Bennett. 

The  North  Star  Barrel  Company,  was  organ- 
ized for  a  term  of  not  less  than  fifteen  years,  on 
Octoljer  30th,  1877.  There  are  fifty  share-hold- 
ers, shares  issued  at  one  hundred  dollars  each. 
An  article  of  the  by-laws  limits  the  capital  stock 
at  115,0(10.  Tlie  originators  of  this  cnterpri.se. 
and  its  first  board  of  directors,  were  1'.  J.  Kenny  , 
Daniel  (i.  AVentworth.  F.  L.  liachelder,  John 
(J'Donnell  and  11.  W.  Binrouglis.  Tliecompany 
occupy  as  factories,  two  buildings  on  Sixth  street, 
between  Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  .V venues  so\ith, 
where  they  furnish  employinent  to  seyenty  men. 
The  iiroducl  amounl.s  to  (i,000  barrels  per  \yeek. 
which  aredisposed  of  at  wholesale  only.  The  busi- 
ness reaches  annually  :fiI30.(MHl.  The  present  olli- 
cers  of  tliecompanj  arcl.  W.  Kline  lui'sident:  F. 
L.  Bachelder,  secretarv  and  trcasunr:  .1.  W. 
Kline.  F.  L.  Bachelder,  II.  W.  Burroiiglis, 
tieorge  Jaquin  and  1'.  .1.  Kenny,  board  of  direc- 
tors. 

The  Minneapolis  Hand  Wniks,  ().  Karnes  pro- 


FURNITURE  MANUFAC1URER8. 


413 


prietor.  Tliis  establishment  was  fotimled  in  1 87:?, 
by  A.  M.  Anson,  who  continued  the  management 
until  1878,  w^hen  it  was  purchased  by  the  present 
owner.  In  1877.  the  works  were  fitted  with  bar- 
rel machinery,  operated  by  steam,  which  a  twelve 
horse-power  engine  furnishes.  Seventy-five  men 
are  employed  in  this  concern,  which  produces 
6,000  barrels  weekly,  under  the  management  of 
A.  J.  Palmes.  Tlie  factory  is  located  on  Four- 
teenth Avenue,  corner  of  Sixtli  street  south. 

The  ban-el  manufactory  of  A.  Bumb  &  Com- 
pany, on  Sixth  street,  corner  of  Fifteenth  Ave- 
nue south,  was  established  in  1874.  Tliis  concern 
manufactures  about  2.000  barrels  weekly,  and 
employs  sixty-seven  men  and  twent>'-one  boys,  the 
pay-roll  amounting  to  .^800  per  week.  Two 
large  factories  and  a  store-house  are  in  use;  the 
machinery  is  driven  by  a  twelve  horse-power  en- 
gine. 

The  East  Side  Co-operative  Barrel  Company 
was  organized  September  Kith,  1879,  with  six 
members,  shares  being  at  flft>'  dollars  each.  The 
factory  is  on  Marshall  street.  X.  E..  and  occupies 
a  space  24x6-5  feet.  Ten  men  are  employed,  pro- 
ducing 1 ,500  barrels  per  week.  Nicholas  Man- 
gen,  business  manager  of  the  company,  has  su- 
pervision of  the  factory.  Isaiah  Tidd  is  treasur- 
er, and  Casper  Erpelding  secretary. 

Charles  Scherf,  manufacturer  of  beer  kegs, 
casks,  pork  and  whiskey  ban-els,  326  First  street 
north,  commenced  business  in  1867,  wcu'king 
alone.  The  second  year  he  employed  one  man, 
and  gradually  increased  the  force  as  the  business 
grew,  until  now,  seven  men  are  employed.  The 
factory  is  24x60  feet,  two  floors. 

W.  Droll,  barrel  manufacturer,  621  Marshall 
street,  N.  E.,  began  business  in  1878,  and  manu- 
factures pork  and  beer  barrels,  liquor  kegs,  tubs, 
hogsheads,  etc.  Six  men  are  employed  who  are 
paid  as  wages  sixty-flve  dollars  per  week.  The 
business  is  prosperous  and  steadily  increasing. 

P.  Daly,  manufacturer  of  flour  barrels,  estab- 
lished in  1872,  and  has  since  conducted  a  pros- 
perous business.  He  employs  a  force  of  six  men 
in  the  factory,  transacting  an  annual  business  of 
5,500.  The  factory  is  located  on  Main  street, 
corner  of  Fourteenth  Avenue,  N.  E. 

The  fimiiture  manufactory  of  Barnard  and 
Cope,  is  located  on  Fourth  street,  at  corner  of 
Second  Avenue  N.  E.    This  business,  the  first 


of  the  kind  in  the  county,  was  established  by  F. 
L.  Johnson  and  Company,  and  in  Is.jS  imrchased 
by  Barnard,  Noyce  and  'Walclnin.  who  retained 
it  one  year,  after  which  it  was  conducted  one' 
year  by  a  Mr.  Pengree.  who  sold  to  T.  (4.  and 
J.  F.  Barnard.  The  firm  of  Barnard  Brothers 
conducted  the  business  until  1865;  the  firm  then 
became  Barnard  Brothers  and  Shuey,  and  re- 
mained such  until  1872.  In  1.S71.  the  factory 
was  destroyed  by  fire,  but  immediately  rebuilt. 
In  1874,  the  firm  of  Barnard  and  Cope  was  or- 
ganized, and  has  since  continued  the  manage- 
ment. For  the  past  six  years,  attention  has  been 
given  to  the  manufacture  of  furniture  exclusively, 
which  is  disposed  of  at  wholesale  only ;  trade 
extending  throughout  Minnesota.  Wisconsin, 
Iowa,  Dakota  and  Montana,  and  amounting  an- 
nually to  ^75,000.  The  buildings  occupied  are 
a  factory,  warehouse  and  engine-room ;  the  lat- 
■  ter  contains  a  75  horse-power  engine,  which  also 
supplies  motive  power  for  the  planing  mill  of 
Clark  andMcClure.  The  establishment  is  inidcr 
the  direct  management  of  Thomas  (4.  Barnard 
and  his  son  F.  II.  Barnard.  Mr.  Coi)e  is  the 
oldest  son  of  T.  B.  Cope,  of  the  firm  of  Cope 
Brothers,  Philadelphia,  and  resides  in  that  city. 

Gilmore  and  McCulloch,  furniture  manufac- 
turers. Tliis  concern  was  established  by  M.  C. 
Burr,  who  vv'as  s>icceeded  by  Morris  and  Com- 
pany. This  firm  built,  in  1873,  the  factory  lo- 
cated in  South  Minneapolis,  in  use  by  the  ]iresent 
firm,  who  purchased  it  in  1S74.  The  main  liinld- 
ing  is  4(1x126  feet,  \\  ith  a  wing  3llx60,  both  twii 
stories  in  height.  An  engine  of  65  liorse-i)ower, 
drives  tlie  machinery.  Sixty  men  are  employed, 
the  annual  business  amounting  to  •^75,(i0(i.  Tlie 
business  of  this  establishment  is  wholesale  ex- 
clusively; trade  extending  through  Minnesota, 
Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Dakota,  Montana  and  Mani- 
toba. The  business  oflice  of  the  cdiMiiaiiy  is  lo- 
cated at  222  Washington  Avenue,  iinrtli. 

Bobertson  and  Iliscock,  manufacturers  of  hard- 
wood and  enameled  fin-niture,  liave  their  oflice 
and  salesroom  at  No.  326  Second  Avenue  south. 
The  business  was  established  in  1870.  by  J.  11. 
Iliscock  and  Company,  willi  the  limited  capital  of 
§900.  During  that  year  the  sales  amounted  to 
butS700,  and  the  next  year  about  §1,000.  The 
factory  was  located  at  the  comer  of  Second  Ave- 
nue  siiuth    and    Third   street,   and   employed    a 


4U 


HISTORY  OF  ffUNNEPIN  COUNTY. 


workiiis  force  of  twelve  men.  niamifacturiug 
cliiiinlier  sets  ;ni(l  all  kimls  of  comumn  fiiniiture. 
excepting  chairs,  their  sales  extending  through 
Iowa.  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin.  At  the  begui- 
ning  of  the  year  18K1.  the  firm  was  changed  to 
Robertson  and  Iliscock.  and  they  removed  to 
their  new  factory,  built  by  James  T.  Ehvell,  at 
the  comer  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Ninth  street,  E.  D. 
This  building  is  two  stories  high.  40x145  feet, 
furnished  with  power  by  a  100  liorse-power  en- 
gine in  an  adjoining  building,  35x35  feet.  This 
spring  they  have  erected,  in  the  rear  of  the  fac- 
tory, a  dry-house  20x40  feet.  The  entire  estab- 
lishment is  heated  by  steam,  and  the  machinery 
is  of  the  latest  and  most  improved  kind.  They 
liave  increased  the  cajntal  to  $15,000.  and  will 
employ  sixty  men.  The  new  mcmlier  of  the 
lirm.  Dr.  E.  1).  Uobertson.  comes  from  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  to  join  .Mr.  Iliscock  in  this  enterprise. 

The  Knickerboiker  Furniture  Company,  suc- 
c-ecded  (ieorge  Knickerbocker.  March  6,  18«0. 
Mr.  Knickerbocker  conmienced  the  business  in 
ISTh.  and  conducted  it  until  the  formation  of  the 
present  coniiiany.  which  is  composed  of  8.  E. 
Knickerbocker.  Jerome  (i.  Layman  and  George 
Knickerbocker,  who  is  general  manager.  In  18S0, 
the  company  had  the  building  tlJ  and  114  Nicol- 
let Avenue,  known  as  the  Eastman  block. erected. 
This  is  45xl<i<t  feet,  four  stories  high  and  Ijase- 
meiil.  It  is  built  of  brick,  with  front  of  Illinois 
limestone,  rubbed  smooth,  and  trinuuiugs  of 
polished  marble.  The  floors  are  so  aiiangeil  that 
eighty  sets  of  furniture  may  be  shown.  An  hy- 
dr-inlic  elevator  is  used  for  conveying  furniture 
from  floor  to  lloor.  The  lirm  manufacture  tine 
furnituie  and  draju'ries  to  order,  and  also  car- 
ries a  full  line  of  heavy  and  connnon  fuini- 
ture.  They  employ  twelve  woikmen.  and  their 
sales  amount  to  .■»75.00O  annually. 

The  furniture  maniitactor.\  and  reiiairing  sliojis 
of  hiljengren  and  l>ean.  Ill  Third  street  soulli. 
was  started  in  lh77  by  .\l.  15.  Eiljengren.  who 
conducted  it  successfully  until  May  I.  1kk(|,  when 
K.  Mean  took  an  interest,  an<l  they  have  cou- 
ilucteil  it  togr'lher  since,  employing  twenty  men. 
Most  of  their  goods  are  made  (o  order.  The  ma- 
chinery is  operated  by  .'i  thirty-live  borse-power 
engine. 

Sonnen  and  Werlhnian,  furniture  manufa<tui- 
cfH,  organi/ed    in    1S7k.  on    Third    Avenue   and 


Third  street  south,  and  continued  there  until 
May  1st.  1880.  at  which  time  they  removed  to  113 
Washington  Avenue  north,  where  they  have  a 
salesroom  25x125  feet.  Their  factory  is  on  Nicol- 
let Island,  occupying  space  35x50  feet,  two  stories 
above  basement,  where  they  employ  fifteen  men. 
with  a  pay  roll  of  S200  per  week. 

Situated  on  the  southern  end  of  Nicollet  Is- 
land, is  a  liuilding  known  as  the  "  Island  AVater 
Power  Cominuiy's  manufacturing  building," 
which  was  ei-ected  by  the  company  in  1879.  The 
power  is  transmitted  by  a  steel  wire  cable  from  a 
wheel  located  at  the  platform  on  Hennepin  Is- 
land, to  the  building,  a  distance  of  l.oiiu  feet. 
This  operates  a  shaft  which  runs  the  entire  length 
of  the  structure,  thus  enabling  tenants  of  each 
room  to  get  jiower  sufficient  to  operate  machin- 
ery. It  is  occupied  by  J.  K.  Clark,  box  factory  ; 
C.  E.  Eastman.  Iliglit  factory;  R.  P.  Upton,  grist 
mill :  J.  E.  ()sboi-ne.  grist  and  feed  mill;  Skinner 
and  Sl\.  paint  manufacturers;  Sonnen  and 
Werthman.  furniture  makers;  Jolin  (irirnc  and 
Company,  machinists. 

The  Minneapolis  Pajior  Mill.  Brown.  Warner 
and  Latimer,  was  built  in  ISOO,  by  1^.1).  Warner. 
Edward  Hrewster  and  K.  N.  Brown.  The  mill 
originally  had  one  ()2-ini-li  r\  Under  niarliine.  and 
when  C.  X.  Warner  took  an  interest,  a  (i4-incli 
cylinder,  together  with  sullicient  machinery  to 
double  the  capacity  of  the  mill,  was  added.  The 
building  is  (58x105  feet,  including  basement:  locat- 
ed at  the  foot  of  Seventh  Avemie  south,  on  the  ca- 
nal.    Till'  number  of  [lersons  employed  is  eighty, 

(if    whiii c-liair    are   women.     The    company 

mannl'actuiT  rroiii  eight  t<i  ten  liuniir(Ml  Ions  of 
jirint  ]iaper  annually. 

Tlie  Island  l'M|icr  .Mill,  was  built  al  llic  iip]irr 
end  of  llrnncpin  Island,  in  ls">:i.  li.\  .bilinallian 
Chase  and  C.  C.  Secombe.  It  was  originally 
tOxOO  feet,  three-stories  high.  In  ISiiO,  Mr.  Chase 
sold  his  interest  to  W.  W.  f/islnian.  who  in 
i-ompany  with  .Mi'.  Sccdndii'.  ran  il  aboMt  two 
months  and  Milil  lo  !■;.  W.  Cutter.  Sccomlir  and 
Cntlir  r(pnilM(ic(l  jl  until  the  spring  of  IStil, 
when  11.  .M.  Carpi'Uter  entered  the  lirm.  In 
18(i(l.  J.  T.  Averill  entered  the  company,  and  the 
mill  was  removed  to  its  present  location.  405 
Main  street  south-east.  The  buililing  is  three- 
stories  in  height.  75xOo  feet.  In  18()i»,  W.  A/ 
liussell  entered,  ami    Mr.   Sccnnjbe   retired,  and 


MISCELLANEOUS  MANUFACTORIES. 


415 


Mr.  Cutter  retiring  in  1872,  the  present  firm  was 
organized.  They  produce  4,000  pounds  of  wood 
pulp,  and  7,000  pounds  of  paper  daily.  The  ma- 
chinery consists  of  one  62-inch  cylinder,  five  rag 
engines,  four  tul)  bleachers,  and  four  wood  pulp 
stones,  operated  by  two  turbine  wheels,  one  70- 
inch  and  one  35-inch,  with  combined  power  of 
four-luuidred  horse.  Tlie  business  for  1880, 
amounted  to  $100,000.  furnisliing  worli  to  fifty 
people,  wlio  are  paid  11,500  per  month. 

The  Minneapolis  cotton  mill  is  located  at  the 
foot  of  Sixtli  Avenue  soiitli,  and  is  owned  by 
Dorillus  Morrison.  In  January,  1877,  Messrs. 
Honkomp  &  Cummings  rented  it,  and  by  July 
had  it  in  rumiing  order.  In  Felu'uary,  1880,  Mr. 
Cummings  retired.  The  products  are  seamless  j 
bags,  carpet  warps,  and  cotton  bats.  A  dye- 
house  in  connection  does  all  the  coloring.  This 
is  tlie  only  mill  of  the  Ivind  in  the  state.  It  is 
40x80  feet,  three  stories  high,  and  manufactures 
from  raw  cotton  |50,000  wortliof  goods  annually. 
The  picking,  carding,  spinning  and  weaving 
rooms  are  eacli  furnished  with  impro\ed  machin- 
ery. They  use  a  thirty  horse-power  boiler  in  the 
dye-house  and  for  heating  purposes. 

Carding  mill  of  S.  Bonfoy,  is  the  only  estab- 
Ushment  of  the  kind  m  the  comity.  It  does 
solely  custom  work,  and  wool  is  sent  from  all 
parts  of  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin,  in  lots  of 
fi'om  five  to  forty  pounds,  for  which  ten  cents  per 
pound  is  cliarged  for  carding. 

F.  \V.  Bullard,  bag  factory,  in  Bracketfs  block, 
was  established  in  1871,  doing  a  business  of 
15.000  tlie  fust  year,  since  when  it  has  increased 
to  $25,000  annually.  He  manufactures  cloth 
and  prints  paper  sacks,  also  prints  for  dealers, 
sacks  in  which  they  export  Hour.  In  1879,  Mr. 
Bullard  printed  300,000  of  tliese  sacks.  When 
he  commenced  business  he  used  but  one  hand- 
press,  but  now  uses  two  Hoe  power-presses. 
April  6th,  1880,  he  was  bmiied  out,  liut  resumed 
again  on  the  29th  of  the  same  month. 

The  Xorth  Star  Boot  and  Shoe  Company  was 
duly  incorporated  as  a  stock  company  in  1873, 
with  II.  G.  Harrison  as  president,  C.  B.  Ileffel- 
flnger  business  manager,  and  A.  M.  Keid,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer.  On  opening,  they  occupied 
228  Washington  Avenue  north,  which  was  24x80 
feet,  three  stories  and  basement.  They  employed 
twenty-five  men  in  the  factory,  five  salesmen,  and 


two  traveling  salesmen,  attempting  a  home  trade 
only.  In  1H75  they  were  compelled  to  seek  more 
commodious  iiuarters.  and  removed  to  their 
present  stand.  200.  202  and  204  ^\'ashiiigtoii 
Avenue  north,  occupying  the  entire  building, 
which  is  sixty-eight  feet  fnmi  and  cightx-live 
deep,  three  stories  high  and  basement.  The  base- 
ment is  used  for  storing  stock  of  rubber  goods, 
sole  leather,  and  boot  and  shoe  pacs.  The  office, 
packing  and  sample  room  are  on  the  first  fioor. 
The  first  and  second  fioor  are  used  as  stock  rooms, 
custom  work  and  a  full  line  of  mens"  and  boys" 
eastern  made  boots.  The  third  floor  is  devoted 
entirely  to  the  manufacture  of  goods,  and  is  di- 
vided into  forenian"s  room,  cutting  room,  ma- 
chine room,  bottoming  room,  sole  leather  room, 
treeing  room  and  linishing  room.  They  employ, 
at  present,  one  hundred  and  twenty-live  work- 
men, four  office  men,  five  men  in  the  salesroom 
and  iiacking  room,  and  seven  traveling  salesmen. 
The  trade  extends  throughout  Iowa.  Minnesota. 
Wisconsin,  Nebraska,  Coloradii  and  Dakota,  in- 
cluding the  Black  Hills.  Tlie  ollicers  are.  A.  M. 
Eeid,  president;  C.  B.  Ileffeltinger,  business  man- 
ager and  treasurer,  and  F.  M.  Keid,  secretary. 
The  capital  is  SloO.ooo.  and  the  pay  roll  is  SI. 050 
per  week. 

James  T.  Elwell,  spring  bed  and  mattress  man- 
ufacturer, began  business  October  13th,  1874,  with 
liis  brother,  under  tlie  name  of  Elwell  Bros.,  at 
the  corner  of  Washington  Avenue  and  Second 
Avenue  nortli.  During  the  first  year  he  patented 
and  manufaeturtMl  l)iit  one  bed,  the  "Minneapo- 
lis,"" his  business  amounting  to  but  SoOO.  In  July. 
1876,  James  T.  Elwell  |)ui-chased  his  brother's 
interest,  and  has  since  conducted  the  business 
alone.  In  1879,  he  found  his  quarters  insullicient, 
and  purchased  the  factory  corner  Third  Avenue 
south  and  Third  street,  manufacturing  over  twen- 
ty different  styles  of  spring  beds,  most  of  which 
are  his  own  invention.  Mr.  Elwell  recentl>  inu- 
chased  six  and  one-half  acres  near  Fifth  Avenue 
south-east  and  iMintli  street  wheie  he  erected  a 
two-story  building,  32x134  feel,  and  a  warchmise 
50x100  feet,  capable  of  holding  about  t.oiio  beds. 
The  machinery  is  run  by  an  oni'  hundrcil  horse- 
power engine.  The  ainnial  business  amounts  to 
about  $30,000,  and  gives  employment  to  fifteen 
men. 

The  mattress  factory  of  Salisbury.  Kolph  and 


416 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Comp.iny,  110  Main  street  south-east  was  estab- 
lished in  January.  1SV8.  by  T.  (i.  Salisbury.  At 
first,  wool  was  the  oiily  material  used.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1878.  W.  P.  Wasldiuni  tooli  an  interest, 
and  tlie  manufacture  of  husk,  hair,  excelsior, 
moss,  and  all  styles  of  mattresses  known  to  the 
market  added.  The  business  the  first  year 
amounted  to  w,000,  and  in  1880  had  increased 
to  122.000.  On  the  1st  of  October,  1880,  \\ .  T. 
Rolph  entered  the  lirm.  which  immediately 
erected  a  building  36x50  feet,  three  stories  in 
height.  They  have  a  store  at  Xo.  20  Bridge 
Sqiiare,  and,  during  llie  yvnv  1881,  expect  to  do 
a  liusniess  of  JTo.OOO.  The  lirm  is  sole  agent  of 
J.  M.  Gaye"s  hair  house,  of  Xew  York. 

Sullivan  and  Famham's  Minnesota  Marble, 
Mantle,  and  Tile  Works,  was  founded  by  J.  M. 
Sullivan  and  C'omi)any.  at  311,  XicoUet  Avenue, 
in  1879,  and  continued  until  August,  1880,  when 
the  lirm  was  changed  to  Sullivan  and  Farnhani. 
who  removed  to  38  Third  street  south.  They 
occupy  a  two-story  brick  building,  22x104  feet, 
where  they  do  an  annual  business,  of  t40,000, 
employing  fifteen  men. 

The  Xorth-western  Marble  Works  of  E.  Don- 
lin,  makes  marble  and  granite  monuments,  etc., 
and  wa.s  started  in  1872,  in  East  Minneapolis. 
In  1877.  it  was  removed  to  the  west  side,  and 
located  at  32.'>  Third  Avenue  south,  where  six 
men  are  euijiloyed.  The  luiimal  business  is 
fl.'5,000. 

('.  II.  Fauly  and  Conijiaiiy.  marble  dealers,  or- 
ganized in  March,  1880,  occupying  a  two-story 
frame  building,  24x3(i  feet  at  41 1  Hennepin  Av- 
enue. They  employ  four  men,  and  do  a  business 
of  fti.ddo  per  anniun. 

I).  Manogue.  marble  dealer,  :v.'n>  iioilli  i'iflh 
street,  E.  D.,  began  business  in  1872,  with  E.  Don- 
lin,  under  the  (inn  name  of  Dunlin  it  Maimgue. 
In  1877,  the  lirm  dissolved,  and  Mr.  .Manogue 
removed  to  his  present  stanr I.  whiichc  has  en- 
joyed a  lucrative  business. 

The  marble  wiirksof  John  Heiidelstarz  wases- 
tablished  in  1870.  at  208  Third  street  north,  in  a 
brick  Htnicture,20x2K  feel,  where  he  employs 
tliree    men.   and    does   an    animal    business    of 

f4,0<HI. 

Asbestine  Stone  Company,  organized  in  I.s73, 
for  the  miinufaclure  of  stone  for  trimmings,  ve- 
neering, sidewalks,  steps,  el*;.,  is  located  outside 


of  the  city  limits,  west  of  Hennepin  Avenue. 
It  occupies  a  building  40x48  feet,  on  the  second 
lloor  of  which  is  the  pattern-room,  occupying  a 
room  24x48.  The  stone  made  by  this  company 
is  in  general  use  throughout  the  city.  The  mem- 
bers are  E.  II.  and  T.  E.  Barrett  ami  Daniel  El- 
liott. 

Kudd  &  Knight,  nianufactiuers  of  wooden 
eave-troughs  and  mouldings,  employ  eight  men, 
and  do  an  annual  business  of  |30.000,  selling 
goods  in  ^Minnesota,  Iowa,  Wisconsin.  Illuiois, 
Missouri,  Kansas,  Texas,  Nebraska  and  Dakota. 
This  business  was  established  in  1868,  by  Todd 
&  Squires.  In  1870,  Mr.  Todd  disixtsed  of  liis 
interest  to  W.  II.  Nudd,andin  1872  E.  K.  Smith 
took  Mr.  Squires"  interest,  and  the  lirm  became 
W.  H.  Xudd  &  Company.  In  1877,  J.  II.  Knight 
purchased  Mr.  Smith's  interest,  and  the  linn  be- 
came Xudd  i\:  Knight.  The  factory  is  at  110 
Main  street.  S.  E. 

Simonson  Bros.,  stair-liuilding  establishment 
was  organized  in  1872.  and  is  the  only  concern  of 
the  kind  in  the  city,  devoting  themselves  solely 
to  stair-building,  making  stair-railings,  balusters, 
newel-posts,  etc.  The  factory  is  located  at  1006 
Washington  Avenue  south,  and  is  20x61  feet, 
two  stories  high,  where  they  employ  ten  men, 
doing  an  annual  business  of  110.000.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  liini  are  ('.  and  II.  Simonson. 

J.  M.  Gi'illitli.  Iniinni  manufacturer,  and  whole- 
sale dealer  in  broom  corn  and  broom-makers 
suiiplies,  corner  of  Fifth  street  and  Eleventh  Av- 
enue north,  started  in  business  in  1873.  This  is 
the  only  establishment  of  the  kind  we.st  of  Chi- 
(;ago  and  north  of  St.  Louis.  The  business  has 
grown  from  f;4.0(Hi  jier  year  to  $30,000.  and  reach- 
ing throughout  the  entire  north-west.  The  ware- 
house on  Washington  .\ venue,  corner  of  Fifth 
Avenue  north,  is  two-stories  high.  30x50,  feet. 

The  show-case  maunl'actory  of  L.  Paulle  was 
established  in  1876,  at  311  .Nicollet  Aveime.  In 
1870,  he  removed  to  123  Washington  .\venue 
south,  where  lie  nccuiiies  the  second  and  third 
lloors,  emi>loys  ten  men.  and  manufactures  an- 
nually a  large  ninuher  of  show-cases  of  superior 
(luality.  which  are  sold  in  lliis  slate,  as  well  as 
Wisconsin.  Dakota  and  .Montana.  This  is  the 
only  factory  in  the  stale  which  makes  all  the  de- 
tails of  show-cases. 

Till-  North  Star  Desk   Works  was  established 


CABBIAGE  MANUFACTORIES. 


417 


in  1S75,  at  the  corner  of  First  Avenue  north  .and 
Washington,  by  Foster  and  Paul,  wlio  commenc- 
ed with  a  capital  of  11,000  and  a  working  force 
of  six  men.  In  1S77,  jSIr.  Paul  purchased  ground 
and  erected  his  present  building,  at  lO-t  Second 
street  south.  This  building.  2(ixl20  feet,  two 
stories  high,  accommodates  ;i  working  force  of 
thirty  men,  who  make  church,  sclxiol  and  otlice 
furniture  exclusively. 

A\'ales  Bros.,  organ  manufacturers,  began  build- 
ing organs  at  220  Nicollet  Avenue.  In  1878, 
they  removed  to  223  South  Third  street,  and  in 
June,  1879,  removed  to  their  present  location, 
No.  211  Nicollet  Avenue.  They  make  a  specialty 
of  manufacturing  pipe  organs,  which  have  given 
satisfaction  as  far  as  used. 

The  ^linnehaha  Carriage  Works,  owned  by  J. 
M.  Pottle  and  Son,  are  located  at  117  Second 
street  south.  They  were  started  in  1S62,  by  J. 
M.  Pottle,  who  conducted  them  until  1870,  wlien 
his  son,  J.  H.  Pottle,  took  an  interest,  and  the 
firm  has  since  been  J.  M.  Pottle  and  Son.  At 
the  start  nothing  birt  common  work  was  done, 
and  they  employed  but  one  man.  They  now  do 
the  finest  work,  mostly  to  order,  employing 
tw^enty-flve  men,  whom  they  pay  9800  per  week. 
Their  business  amounts  to  $75,000  aniuially.  The 
factory  occupies  space  of  12-5x160  feet. 

In  1872,  M.  Roeller  began  mauufactuiing  car- 
riages at  246  Second  Avenue  south,  dccupying  a 
building  22x104  feet,  two  stories  high.  In  1877, 
he  erected  a  brick  building  adjoining  this,  also 
two  stories  high,  and  22x6-5  feet.  The  first  Hoor 
is  used  for  wood  work  and  blacksmith  shop  and 
as  carriage  repository,  and  the  second  floor  for 
trimming-room,  painting,  and  finishing.  The 
shop  gives  work  to  fifteen  men. 

Martin  Brothers' carriage  manufactory,  at  117 
and  119  First  Avenue  north,  commenced  opera- 
tions in  1878,  on  Third  street  south.  In  tlie  spring 
of  1880.  they  removed  to  their  present  quarters, 
occupying  the  whole  building,  which  is  40x100 
feet,  three  stories  above  Ijasement.  The  first 
floor  is  used  as  a  carriage  repository  and  black- 
smith shop,  the  latter  occupying  space  30x40  feet 
in  the  rear.  The  second  floor  is  used  as  trimming 
room,  wood  shop  and  store-room.  The  painting 
is  done  on  the  thu'd  floor,  and  the  material  is 
stored  in  the  basement.  They  employ  about  thirty 
men.  turning  out  light  carriages,  cutters,  etc. 
27 


The  firm  is  composed  of  C.  II.  and  B.  J.  Martin, 
who  came  to  ilinneapolis  from  Chicago  in  1878. 

Driseoll  and  Forsyth,  manufacturers  of  haul- 
off  wagons  and  logging  sleds,  also  do  horse-shoe- 
iug  and  general  blacksmithing,  at  Nos.  24  and 
26  ilain  street  northeast.  The  members  of  the  firm 
are  D.  Driseoll  and  AV.  Forsyth.  The  business 
was  established  by  Mr.  Driseoll  in  1875,  and  con- 
ducted by  him  until  1879,  when  the  co-partner- 
ship was  formed.  In  October,  1879,  they  lost 
their  building  by  fire,  but  they  immediately  re- 
biult  on  an  enlarged  scale,  and  resumed  two  weeks 
after,  in  a  building  -50x70  feet,  two  stones  high, 
where  they  now  employ  twelve  men. 

A.  S.  Converse  began  making  wagons  and  car- 
riages in  1855,  in  a  one  and  one-half  story  build- 
ing on  First  street,  near  Seventh  Avenue  north, 
where  the  bridge  crosses  Bassett's  creek.  After 
staying  there  three  years,  he  opened  opposite 
what  is  nowf  the  AVilbiu-  House,  and  remained 
there  four  years,  was  then  out  of  business  for  two 
years.  Then  associating  with  A.  J.  Wilson,  oc- 
cupied various  locations,  and  finally  opened  on 
Washington  Avenue  and  Fourth  Avenue  north. 
He  there  built  two  more  shops  and  remained  up 
to  the  present  time.  The  shop  on  Washington 
Avenue  was  burned  in  1876,  and  a  portion  of  the 
one  on  First  Avenue  north  in  1878,  leaving  three 
small  buildings,  which  he  now  occupies,  doing 
chiefly  a  repairing  business.  Mr.  Converse  has 
been  awarded  five  premiums  for  fine  carriage 
and  sleigh  work,  four  at  state  fairs  at  St.  Paul, 
and  one  at  ^linneapolis. 

James  Iverson,  wagon,  carriage  and  sleigh 
maker,  began  at  First  street  and  Second  Avenue 
north,  in  1871,  on  a  small  scale.  He  now  occu- 
pies a  building  22x90  feet,  two  stories  high,  twen- 
ty-eight feet  of  which  is  ni  lirick,  couunuuicaliug 
with  the  work  room  in  the  rear  l)y  iron  doors. 
The  upper  floor  is  used  as  a  trimming  room.  The 
business  amounts  to  §15,000  per  year. 

The  Minneapolis  Carriage  Works,  N.  P.  Swan- 
berg,  proprietor,  was  built  in  1873,  at  605  south 
Third  street.  The  business,  amounting  to  ;f  12.000 
per  annum,  is  carried  on  in  a  l)uilding  24x00  feet 
two  stories  high,  in  wliich  are  employed  twelve 
men,  whose  i)ay  roll  is  ■jlOO  i)er  week. 

Cook  BrotlK'rs,  H.T.  and  C.  II.,  manufacturers 
of  wagons,  carriages  and  express  wagons,  do  all 
kinds  of  repaii'ing  in  wood   and    iron,  requiring 


418 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


two  men.  Their  factory,  18x54  feet,  is  at  424 
Thirteenth  Avenue  south. 

Hennepin  Carriage  Works.  1502  Hennepin 
Avenue,  were  commenced  at  tlie  corner  of  Third 
street  and  Tliinl  Avenue  south,  in  the  spring 
of  1.S70,  by  Jolni  Clark.  After  various  changes 
in  firm  name,  it  was  sold,  and  Mr.  Clark  worked 
for  other  parties  until  the  spring  of  1880,  when 
he  ])urchased  his  present  place,  which  is  a  two- 
.stor>-  frame.  22x4(»,  where  he  employs  two  men 
besides  himself. 

Charles  Biickciidorf  established  business  in 
1870,  manufacturing  carriages,  express  wagons, 
buggies,  sleighs  and  the  ■  work  usually  turned 
out  by  a  general  wagon-maker;  also  does  repair- 
ing, employing  three  men  in  the  shcjp;  located  at 
358  Fourth  Avenue  south. 

Peterson  &  Munuii.  manufacturers  of  heavy 
and  light  wagons,  buggies,  cutters,  etc.  This 
firm  was  organized  in  1877, and  has  since  enjoyed 
a  jirosperous  business,  on  First  street,  corner  of 
Fifth  Avenue  north.  They  do  all  kinds  of  re- 
pairing in  wood  and  iron. 

There  are  a  number  of  shops  where  wagon- 
making  and  re])airing  is  carried  on,  in  connec- 
tion with  general  blacksmitliing  and  horse-shoe- 
ing. Among  them,  Charles  1).  Brown,  Uummert 
&  Thelen,  J.  Carey,  M.  W.  (Connor,  Hern&Olin, 
J.  B.  Hunt.  McGregor  &Mayn,  G.  Seibcl  and 
Weier  &  Mangen. 

J.  R.  Clark,  proprietor  of  the  box  factory,  in 
the  Island  Water  Power  Comiiany"s  building,  be- 
gan business  in  1878,  in  what  is  now  the  base- 
ment of  the  Union  Iron  Works.  He  soon  re- 
moved to  a  iilar'c  near  the  old  MouHon  i)laning 
mill,  where  he  remaineil  one  year,  and  then  re- 
moved to  Ids  present  stand,  where  he  has  two 
stories,  40x50  feet.  He  employs  eight  men,  and 
does  an  annual  business  of  from  eight  to  ten 
thousand  dollars,  dealing  in  boot  and  shoe,  soap, 
and  many  other  kinds  of  boxes  used  for  ))acking 
articles  of  export. 

The  (light  manufactory  of  C.  K.  Eastman  was 
commenced  in  1870,  on  the  seconil  Moor  of  the 
Island  Water  Power  C"ompany"s  manufacturing 
building,  oil  Nii-ollfl  Island,  wlicrehe  hasaroom 
20x10.  The  product,  "  llight,"  is  a  wooden  jiin, 
used  in  the  construction  of  conveyers  for  (louring 
mills.     The  business,  amounting  to  from  i|;(i.<iOO 


to  f  7,000  per  annum,  is  the  only  one  of  its  kind 
ill  the  city. 

Ill  1871.  the  ••  Mninea]i(ilis  Stencil  Works  "  was 
established  by  Elwood  Le\y,  who,  in  the  spring 
of  1878,  purchased  the  business  of  H.  C.  Hamlin, 
and  removed  his  stock  to  the  stand  of  the  latter, 
on  Second  street  and  Xicollet  Avenue,  where  the 
concern  remains.  In  August,  1880,  George  Walls 
purchased  it  of  Mr.  Levy  and  associated  with 
himself,  his  son  C.  H.  Walls,  and  A.  M.  Foixes- 
ter,  under  the  firm  name  of  George  Walls  and 
Company.  They  make  stencil  plates,  steel  and 
rubber  stamps,  and  do  seal  engraving. 

George  L.  Dickinson,  paper  box  maker,  203 
Hennepin  Avenue,  began  business  in  1878,  on 
the  tliird  floor,  in  a  room  22x70  feet,  where  he 
employs  four  men,  making  goods  which  are 
principally  disposed  of  in  the  city  and  surround- 
ing territory. 

John  (iuth,  paper  box  manufacturer,  121  Nic- 
ollet Avenue,  began  business  in  1875.  He  em- 
ploys two  men,  in  a  basement  room,  22x100  feet. 
In  connection  with  his  paper  box  factory  he  con- 
ducts a  book  and  stationery  store. 

The  pottery  of  J.  C.  .Malchow,  801  north-east 
Marshall  street,  was  founded  in  187fi,  manufac- 
turing flower  pots,  terra  cotta  vases,  rustic  ware, 
etc.,  employing  three  men.  who  lU'oduce  100.000 
(lower  pots  per  year. 

The  Minneapolis  Li(!uid  Paint  Company,  was 
organized  July  1st,  1880,  by  T.  J.  Skinner  and 
("onipany.  The  factory  occupies  room  40x50 
feet  in  the  Island  Water  Power  Company's  build- 
ing, where  they  employ  four  men,  producing 
annually  about  40,000  gallons  of  paint,  which 
they  sell  in  Miiuu'sola.  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Dakota 
and  Manitoba.  The  i)owi'r  used  is  about  twenty 
horse.  In  connection  witli  tliis  business  they  do 
house  and  sign  painting  and  decorating.  Their 
oflice  is  at  14  and  10  Third  street  south; 
they  employ  from  sevenly-five  to  one  hiMiiIred 
men. 

The  trunk  factory  (if  Baniuni  ami  (ioodrich 
was  fouiiilid  ill  1872,  by  I).  D.  Whitney,  and  is 
the  pioneer  trunk  factory  of  Minneapolis.  Sep- 
tember 1st,  1880.  Mr.  Whitney  was  succeeded  by 
liarnuiu  and  (ioodrich.  Their  slaiul  is  25  Wash- 
ington Avenue  north,  where  they  make  all  kinds 
of  trunks,  valises  and  .sample  cases.  They  keep 
tlie  finest  stuck  of  anv  establishment  of  the  kind 


MANVFACTUBEBS. 


■419 


in  the  state.  The  building  is  25x85  feet,  four 
stories  in  lieiglit,  and  is  operated  by  steam.  They 
employ  fifteen  men,  and  do  an  annual  business  of 
$30,000.  The  salesroom  is  in  charge  of  ^Ir.  Frank 
Dunnigan,  who  is  a  practical  trunk  maker  of  large 
experience,  and  who  came  to  Minneapolis  from 
St.  Louis,  m  1876.  Messrs.  Barnum  and  Good- 
rich are  natives  of  Rochester,  X .  Y.,  whence  they 
came  and  purchased  they  business  of  Mr.  AVhit- 
ney,  who  was  compelled  to  retire  on  account  of 
ill  health. 

J.  L.  Grandy,  maker  of  the  "New  Comet  Wash- 
ing Machine,"  and  repairer  of  clothes  wringers. 
commenced  in  1879,  at  253  Plymouth  Avenue, 
where  he  occupies  a  one  story  frame  building, 
22x30  feet,  douig  a  rapidly  increasing  busuiess. 

Burnham  Brothers,  corner  Tenth  Avenue  north, 
and  Second  street,  commenced  business  in  June 
1878,  in  a  frame  building  40x75,  one  story  high, 
where  they  manufacture  well  and  sewer  pipe,  well 
curbing  and  well  curb  stone.  The  business  is 
rapidly  increasing  and  they  are  adding  to  their 
facilities. 

The  carpet-beating  works,  of  F.  C.  Walker, 
was  established  in  the  spring  of  1879,  for  the 
purpose  of  beating  and  cleaning  carpets  by  a  new- 
process,  invented  by  the  proprietor.  During  the 
winter  season  he  manufactures  extension  lad- 
ders. The  business  employs  six  men,  and  is  on 
Nicollet  Avenue,  between  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth 
streets. 

N.  E.  Colstrom,  maker  of  brick  machines, 
moulds,  trucks,  wheelbarrows  and  turning 
machines,  first  located  in  1870,  on  the  corner  of 
Second  Avenue  north  and  Sixth  street.  In  1880, 
he  removed  to  1226  Second  Avenue  north,  where 
he  occupies  a  one  and  one-half  story  building, 
18x32  feet,  with  a  one-story  addition,  18x20  feet, 
Mr.  Colstrom  is  the  inventor  of  a  turning  ma- 
chine, by  which  twelve  bricks  may  be  turned  at 
once,  thus  saving  labor  and  greatly  facilitating 
the  manufacture. 

Slocum  and  Woodruff,  manufacturers  of  buck- 
skin gloves,  mittens,  etc.,  opened  at  28  Second 
street  north,  where  they  employ  from  eight  to 
twelve  men.  Tliis  business  is  rapidly  increasing, 
being  100  per  cent  greater  in  1880,  than  in  the 
preceeding  year. 

J.  II.  Putnam,  manufacturer  of  gloves  and 
mittens,  312  First  Avenue  south,  began  business 


at  239  Nicollet  Avenue,  in  1878.  He  removed  in 
August.  1880,  to  his  present  location,  where  he 
does  a  wholesale  and  retail  business,  occupying 
the  first  floor  and  basement,  and  employing  eight 
men  and  twenty  women.  He  lans  his  own  ma- 
terial on  the  East  Side,  near  the  University. 

The  Mnmeapolis  Dye  Works  of  Jolm  D. 
Meyer,  No.  2  Hennepin  Avenue,  was  established 
in  1866,  for  the  ptirpiise  of  dyeing  and  scouring 
all  kinds  of  woolen  goods,  dresses,  shawls,  coats, 
pants,  carpet  rags,  etc.  Mr.  Meyer  is  a  practical 
dyer  of  long  experience. 

The  ilinnesota  Soap  Company  was  established 
hi  1862,  by  Heclitman  and  Grethen,  who  em- 
ployed six  men.  In  1872,  the  Minnesota  Soap 
Company  was  organized  and  incorporated,  with 
a  capital  of  ij75,000,  and  located  on  the  corner  of 
Marshall  street  and  Thirteenth  Avenue  northeast. 
The  members  are  H.  Ilechtman,  H.  Grethen, 
T.  M.  Pleins,  and  James  Beach.  The  factory 
consists  of  a  building  of  stone  and  brick,  66x115 
feet,  two  stories  above  basement,  and  a  ware- 
house 22x60  feet.  The  company  employs  twenty 
persons  in  the  factory,  and  three  salesmen.  The 
trade  extends  throughout  JNIinnesota,  Iowa,  Wis- 
consin, Montana,  Dakota,  and  Manitoba. 

The  Minneapolis  Soap  Works,  owned  by  Pom- 
eroy  and  Benner,  was  established  in  1880,  at  Nos. 
207,  209,  and  211  north  Fifth  street.  They  em- 
ploy ten  men,  and  are  at  a  weekly  expense  of 
about  81. 000.  The  goods  are  sold  in  Miiuiesota, 
AVisconsin,  and  Dakota. 

The  Minnesota  Linseed  Oil  Company,  the  pio- 
neer manufactory  of  oil  from  flaxseed  grown  in 
the  state,  was  organized  in  1869,  as  a  firm,  by  G. 
Scheitlin,  D.  C.  Bell,  J.  K.  and  11.  G.  Sidle.  In 
1870,  after  the  works  had  begun  to  be  successful, 
they  were  totally  destroyed  by  fire,  but  were  im- 
mediately rebuilt  on  an  enlarged  scale,  and  the 
present  company  incor|)orated.  Since  1«7()  they 
have  fostered  anidng  the  farmers  of  Minnesota 
and  Iowa  the  new  industry  of  raising  flaxseed,  of 
which  they  use  10(i,(IOO  bnsliels  annually.  The 
factory  produces  200,000  gallons  of  linseed  oil, 
2,000  tons  of  oil-cake,  which  is  largely  exported 
to  England  and  Scotland,  and  from  150  to  200 
tons  of  putty.  The  comiiany  lias,  within  the  past 
year,  added  to  their  other  products  the  prepara- 
tion of  liquid  paint,  thus  consuming  the  sunilus 
linseed  oil  hitherto  shipped  abroad,  and  adding 


420 


mSTOBT  OF  HE^^^^EPIN  COUNTY. 


ifod.tioo  to  the  animal  income.  The  works  are 
operated,  day  and  nijiht.  by  a  seventy-five  horse- 
power enpine,  and  furnish  employment  to  about 
thirty  men. 

Tlic  .Star  Oil  ("omi>any,  A.  M.  Dole  and  Com- 
pan\.  was  formed  in  October,  1878,  and  maniifac- 
tiircs  and  deals  in  liiliricatiiif;  and  burning  oils. 
They  oc-eiipv  a  buildiiiK  liJxtlo  feet,  at  i;Hi  Third 
Avenue  south,  and  as  they  are  alone  in  the  state, 
their  business  is  rapidly  increa.sing.  This  concern 
also  handles  a  gasoline  stove,  which  is  meeting 
with  general  satisfaction  us  the  most  iiractical  in 
use,  and  which  is  being  extensively  sold.  It  is 
designed  for  summer  use. 

The  cracker  niannfactoiT  owned  by  II.  F.  Lil- 
libridge,  was  started  in  ls7(t.  by  J.  C.  Gardner,  at 
No.  2(1  Washington  Avenue  south.  In  1873  ilr. 
Lillibridge  iiurchased  and  has  since  conducted 
the  same.  In  1S7.">  he  removed  toXos.  13. and  17 
Third  streut  south,  occupying  a  building  4o.\0.5 
feet,  and  three  stories  high.  In  1880  he  erected 
a  four  story  brick  building,  22x90,  and  now  oc- 
cupii'S  both  buildings.  This  establishment  is  the 
largest  of  the  kind  in  the  north-west,  employing 
fifty  jiersons,  working  da>  and  night,  making 
from  KtO  to  125  barrels  of  crackers,  besides  the 
bread  cake.  et<'..  wliii'h  is  disposed  of  in  the  re- 
tail department  and  using  fifty  barrels  of  fiour 
I»erday.  He  does  a  jobbing  businessin  confection- 
ery, nuts,  etc.,  employing  three  traveling  sales- 
men. 

The  confectionery  manufactory  of  Uagley  & 
Fay,  was  starUfl  in  1878,  by  Hagley  Bros,  at  the 
pres<'nt  location.  No.  214  First  Avenue  south. 
The  business  changed  hands  a  nund)er  of  times 
iH'fort^  August,  1K8(I,  when  the  present  firm  of 
IJaglcy  A:  Fa>  U-came  the  owners,  niainifacturing 
and  iiupoiling  confectioneries.  Their  sidesroom 
is  20x3(1  feel,  adjoining  which  is  a  work-room 
2Uxl(i  feel.  They  do  an  ainiual  business  of 
t-'>(i.(HHi.  selling  extensively  in  Dakota,  Iowa  and 
Wisj'onsin. 

The  cand)  factory  of  .1.  11.  Tinklciiaugh  wius 
commenced  with  a  very  limited  capital,  in  1877, 
and  the  first  year  his  business  was  corresponding- 
ly light,  but  lias  Ix-en  steadily  increitsing.  and 
during  the  ]iast  year  his  business  amounted  to 
nlKiut  ♦7.(MMi.  During  the  winter  of  1H7".i  Mi.  ho 
used  five  tons  of  sugar,  and  during  the  summer 
uf  Ibtui,  manufactured  Ix-tween  I.7(mi  and  I.miii 


gallons  of  ice  cream.  Ilis  stand  is  at  Xo.  219 
Central  Avenue. 

In  1871,  Joseph  Miller  began  the  manufacture 
of  candies  and  ice  cream,  at  Xo.  127  Xicollet 
Avenue,  and  in  1875,  removed  to  his  present  lo- 
cation. No.  253  Ilemiepin  Avenue.  His  ma- 
chinery is  run  by  a  twenty-four-inch  hydraulic 
motor  of  one  horse-]>ower.  furnished  by  the  city 
water  works. 

On  the  1st  day  of  October,  1.S74,  11.  M.  May 
establi-shed  his  candy  manufactory  at  No.  307 
Xicollet  Avenue,  where  his  first  year's  business 
amoimte<i  to  about  :f.'!.(i(i(>.  Tliis  has  gradually 
increased  to  an  annual  receipt  of  $8,000,  He 
employs  six  persons,  ami  makes  all  kinds  of  i)lain 
and  fancy  dishes  for  suppers,  i)arties,  etc.  Mr. 
May  makes  a  specialty  of  ice  creams,  producing 
the  past  year  over  2,000  gallons,  a  portion  of 
which  he  shipiied  to  various  points  in  Minneso- 
ta and  Wisconsin. 

In  1.S7S,  G.  Baglcy  conuucnccil  to  make  candy, 
with  his  brother,  on  First  Avenue  south,  w'here 
they  remained  until  the  sjiring  of  18S0,  when  he 
formed  a  i^o-parlncrslii))  willi  S.  ('.  Weeks,  under 
till'  name  of  liagley  &  Weeks,  wlio  began  opera- 
tions in  the  rear  of  .Jones  tV:  Alibotfs  fruit  store. 
In  December.  lS8(i,  they  removed  to  Xo.  31  (i 
X'^icollet  Avenue,  the  present  quartei-s,  soon 
after  which  Mr.  Weeks  retired,  and  Mr.  Bagley 
has  since  conducted  the  business  alone. 

In  Is.jO  .John  Orth  built  a  wooden  structure. 
18x30  feet,  on  the  site  of  his  present  brewery,  Xo. 
1216  ^lai-shall  street  northeast.  Here  he  brewed 
the  first  beer  made  in  llcnuc))in  county,  using  a 
kettle  holding  but  two  ami  onc-lialf  liarrcls.  He 
now  uses  a  vat  holding  one  Inniilnd  ami  twenty 
barrels,  'i'lii'  coiii'crn  has  a  I'ermcnting  cellar, 
holding  1.1)00  barrels,  storage  for  3..'")00  barrels, 
two  malt  houses,  one  with  a  capacity  for  about 
75,000  bushels,  one  holding  20.000  bushels,  and 
cooling  rooms.  Fornierly  cellars  dug  in  sand 
rock  were  used,  but  have  been  replaced  by  ice- 
cellars,  f<ir  which  ice  is  stored  in  a  house  holding 
6,000  tons.  An  artesian  well  on  tlic  premises 
sup|>lies  the  water. 

(thiek"s  brewery  was  started  in  a  lilllc  wooden 
building,  in  1857,  by  Bank  ami  (iluek.on  Mar- 
shall street,  near  Twenty-second  Avenue  nortli- 
i-ast,  where  it  now  stanils.  In  ]8t!3,  .Mr.  (iluek 
jiinchaHcd    .Ml.  ItaiiK's    interest,  and  niii   it  ;ilniie 


WHOLESALE  HOUSES. 


421 


until  his  death,  which  occurred  October  16th, 
1880.  March  20, 1880,  the  wooden  portion  was 
destroyed  by  fire,  but  Mr.  Gluek  immediately  be- 
gan to  rebuild,  and  had  nearly  completed  it 
when  his  death  occurred.  The  present  building 
is  of  brick,  two  stories  high,  and  20x60  feet.  The 
first  floor  is  used  as  a  brewing  room,  22x60  feet, 
and  the  lialanee  for  a  malt  cellar.  In  connection 
are  two  ice  houses,  one  24x50  feet,  and  another 
24x52  feet.  The  capacity  of  the  new  brewery  is 
forty-flve  barrels  per  day. 

The  Mmneapolis  Brewery,  Mueller  &  Ilein- 
rich  proprietors,  was  built  in  1860,  by  Kranzlein 
&  Mueller.  It  is  located  on  the  lower  levee,  on 
the  ^lississippi  river;  is  40x60  feet,  with  storage 
capacity  of  2,800  barrels.  Kranzlein  &  Mueller 
conducted  the  concern  until  1869,  when  Mr. 
Kranzlein  became  the  sole  owner,  and  conducted 
it  four  years,  and  then  convened  it  to  Mueller  & 
Ileinrich,  who  have  enlarged  it  from  time  to 
time,  erecting  in  1875  a  stone  building  30x40  feet, 
two  and  one-half  stories  high,  used  for  brewing, 
in  1876,  a  three-story  brick,  30x40  feet,  used  for 
boiler-house  and  other  purposes,  besides  a  malt- 
kiln  and  malt-house  and  three  ice-houses.  The 
aggregate  storage  capacitj'  is  now  6,000  barrels. 
In  1880,  they  put  in  a  sixty  horse-power  boiler,  in 
addition  to  one  of  thirty  horse-power,  and  they 
now  have  a  brewery  equipped  in  a  thoroughly 
first-class  manner  throughout. 

The  City  Brewery,  located  on  Tweutieth  Ave- 
nue south,  comer  of  Bluff  street,  was  founded 
by  Mr.  Zahler,  who  took  in  as  partner  ilr.  Xoer- 
enberg.  Mr.  Zahler  dying,  F.  D.  Noerenberg 
has  had  possession  since  May,  1880.  The  estab- 
Ushment  is  thoroughly  equipped,  and  employs 
eight  men,  to  whom  eighty-five  dollars  per  week 
are  paid. 


CHAPTER   LXAI. 


WHOLESALE  TRADE — DRY  GOODS — GROCERIES — 
OTHER  Bl'SIXESS  HOUSES. 

Minneapolis  enjoys  such  facilities,  from  the 
many  lines  of  railroads  centering  here,  as  makes 
it  naturally  a  great  distributing  point  for  the 


north-west.  Many  wholesale  establishments  have 
been  located  here,  and  the  trade  is  increasing. 
The  failure  of  N.  B.  Ilarwood  and  Company,  a 
large  thy  goods  house,  during  the  last  year,  was 
a  blow  to  the  trade,  though  attributable  to  the 
personal  management,  and  not  to  lack  of  advan- 
tages in  the  location.  The  tributary  territory  is 
constantly  increasing  by  the  extension  and  mul- 
tiplication of  railroads,  in  fertile  agricultural 
districts.  The  wholesale  ti-ade  in  1880,  amounted 
to  124.299,000,  with  an  increase  of  .f  10,000,000 
over  that  of  the  preceding  year,  ihvided  as  fol- 
lows :  groceries,  §6,285,000  ;  di-y  goods,  clotliing, 
hats  and  caps,  |3,691,0()0;  wines,  liquors  and 
cigars,  $1,1.50,000;  queensware,  drugs  and  oils, 
SS50,700  ;  hardware  and  stoves,  ?1, 825,300  ;  boots, 
shoes,  leather  and  hides,  11,075,200  ;  crackers  and 
confectionery,  8260,000;  paper  and  stationery, 
.f 3.50.00(1;  agricultural  implements,  $3,750,000; 
furnitiu-e,  and  carpets,  etc.;  .1637,000;  produce  com- 
mission, 13,625,000. 

The  retail  trade  of  the  city  is  represented  by 
more  than  four  hundred  firms,  whose  business 
aggregates  about  118,000,000,  according  to  trust- 
worthy estimates. 

The  wholesale  dry  goods  and  notion  house  of 
Wyman,  MuHin  and  A'auDyke,  214  and  216  Hen- 
nepin Avenue,  was  established  in  April,  1875,  by 
Wyman  and  Mullin,  and  is  the  first  wholesale 
dry  goods  and  notion  house  founded  in  Minne- 
apolis, At  first  the  firm  occupied  but  one  floor, 
but  the  trade  soon  increased,  and  they  were  com- 
lielled  to  rent  the  entire  building,  including  three 
floors  and  a  basement.  In  the  spring  of  1880, 
they  had  a  building  erected  expressly  for  then- 
business.  This  is  a  brick  structure,  fom-- 
stories  high,  cut  stone  front,  30x125  feet.  In 
July,  1880,  "W.  J.  Van  Uyke  entered  the  firm, the 
capital  was  mcreased,  and  trade  extended.  The 
firm  employs  thirty  mm  in  and  about  the  build- 
ing, and  keeps  seven  traveling  salesmen  constantly 
on  the  road.  The  tra<le  extends  throughout  Iowa, 
Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Dakota  and  Montana, 
and  is  a  fair  indication  of  the  splendid  facilities 
presented  by  ^liimeajiolis  as  a  wholesale  l)usiness 
centi-e. 

Coykendall  Iholhers  and  Company,  wholesale 
dealers  in  dry  goods,  notions,  hosiery,  white 
goods, etc., Xo's.  11  Hand  120,  Washington  Avenue 
noi-th,  commenced  business  in  1873,  in  a  retail 


422 


HISrOBT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Ary  goods  liouse,  which  they  continued  until 
1877.  when  they  retired  from  this,  and  confined 
their  attention  exclusively  to  wliolcsjile  trade. 
Their  huilding  is  oOxKKi  feet  four  stories  high, 
wliere  they  employ  twelve  men  as  siilesmen.  book- 
keepers, etc.  They  also  have  four  traveling 
salesmen,  who  carry  tlic  trade  tlirouglKUit  Alinue- 
sota,  Iowa.  Dakota,  and  a  portion  of  Wisconsin, 
The  sales  for  1880  amounted  to  f  500,000, 

Tlie  wholesale  and  retail  diy  goods  and  no- 
tion liiiuse  of  Goodfellow  and  Kastman,  was 
started  in  the  Ilerrick  block,  in  1878.  These 
quarters  st)on  proved  inadequate  for  their  busi- 
ness, and  they  moved  into  the  block  built 
expressly  for  them  by  Mr.  Casey.  This  build- 
ing has  a  front  of  Leniont,  Illinois,  lime- 
stone, and  is  four  stories  high.  It  is  one  of 
the  finest  buildings  in  the  state,  and  is  wholly 
occupied  by  this  liiTU.  The  basement  is  used 
for  storing  and  receiving  goods,  the  first 
floor  as  general  retail  sales-room,  second  floor  as 
cloak  and  show  room,  the  third  floor  for  storing 
heavy  goods,  and  the  fourth  floor  is  devoted  en- 
tirely to  fancy  goods  and  notions.  They  employ 
alKiut  sixty  persons  in  and  about  their  house. 
Their  retail  business  extends  over  the  whole  of 
Minnesota,  and  the  jobbing  business  over  the 
Norlliern  and  M'estern  states  and  territories  to 
the  Pacific. 

(ieorge  W.  Hale  and  Company,  retail  dealers 
in  dr>'  goods  and  notions,  liegan  business  in  1868, 
on  Washington  Avenue  south,  witli  but  two 
salesmen.  In  1872.  they  removed  to  their 
present  (piarters,  301  and  303  Nicollet  Avenue. 
The  building  has  a  frontage  of  44  feet,  a  depth 
of  1U(I  feet,  and  Wiis  built  expressly  for  this  linn, 
by  .1.  (i.  (iliick.  The  lii-st  year  the  business 
amounted  to  liut  ♦i'),()00;  in  1H80  it  was 
f  30(i,0(K).  The  members  of  the  firm  are  George 
W..aiMl  .lefl^ersou  .M.  Male. 

Kicheli'.er  and  Company,  liattei-s  and  fnrri('i>i, 
No.  212  Nicollet  Avenue,  do  principally  a  retail 
bUHiness.  and  mannfacture  fur  goods,  cloth  hats 
and  caps,  and  .Markiiiaw  hats.  The  liouse  was 
established  in  1871.  by  1>.  and  W.  Ilandly.  at  the 
present  stand,  and  iiurchased  in  August.  1872,  by 
I'.  F.  Klchelzer  anil  J.  S.  Sno<ldy.  Mr.  Snoddy 
died' In  .Inly.  1H74.  and  August  following.  Mr. 
Klcliel/.er  iHfiime  the  s<ile  iirojirietor.  At  the 
time  of  Uie  Central  bloc-k  fire,  Mr.  Kichelzer  suf- 


fered with  his  neighbors,  but  saved  most  of  his 
stock.  In  March.  1879,  R.  A.  Lanpher,  of  St. 
Paul,  was  admitted  to  the  firm,  which  became 
Eichelzer  and  Comiiauy. 

E.  15.  Preston  and  Company,  wholesale  and  re- 
tail dealere  in  leather  and  rubber  belting,  rubber 
boots,  clothing,  and  all  kinds  of  rubber  goods,  be- 
gan business  at  Xo.  240  llennepm  Avenue, 
in  January,  1880.  As  their  trade  increased,  they 
removed,  in  May  following,  to  No.  203  Nicollet 
Avenue,  where  they  occupy  one  lloor  and  the 
basement,  25x100  feet.  The  firm  employs  six 
men,  two  of  whom  are  traveling  salesmen,  who 
do  business  throughout  Minnesota.  Wisconsin, 
Iowa,  and  Dakota.  The  members  of  the  firm  are 
E.  B.  Preston,  who  has  a  large  house  in  Chicago, 
and  W.  S.  Nott,  who  has  charge  of  the  Minnea- 
polis (Iciiartnicnt.  They  represent  tlie  New  York 
Belting  and  Packing  Company  in  the  West,  and 
are  the  only  linn  wlio  handle  this  line  of  goods 
exclusively. 

II.  Vt.  Harrison  and  Co.,  wholesale  grocers,  or- 
ganized in  May,  1880,  and  located  in  the  AV'ol- 
ford  block,  on  Hennepin  Avenue,  but  the  building 
was  iiisufliciently  strong  to  hold  the  heavy  go()ds 
which  were  stored  on  the  upper  tloors,  and  soon 
fell.  In  June  they  occupied  tlu-ee  floors,  one 
hundred  feet  square,  in  Brackett's  block,  doing 
an  exclusively  wholesale  business,  and  carrying 
an  extensive  slock,  doing  business  in  northern 
Iowa,  AVisconsin.  Minnesota,  Dakota  and  Mon- 
tana. The  firm  emidoys  twenty  men.  six  of 
whom  are  constantly  traveling.  During  the  first 
year  the  .sales  amounted  to  $1 ,500,000.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  firm  are  II.  G.  Harrison  and  Prank  B. 
Felt,  both  of  extensive  experience. 

.\ntliony  Kelly  and  Co.,  wholesale  grocers, 
Nos.  125,  127  and  129  Wasliington  Avenue  north, 
located  there  in  1877.  In  1858, Messrs.  ]'.  II.  iiiid 
Anthony  Kelly  establislicd  a  grocery  Imsincss 
on  Washington  .\  venue  andSc<(ind  .Vvcinie  south, 
doing  a  retail  trade.  In  isiio.  tlicir  liusincss  had 
increased  to  siuli  a  degree  that  they  were  com- 
)>cllrd  to  seek  more  room,  and  they  removed  into 
the  building  now  used  ius  the  National  hotel,  and 
after  a  year  into  Dayton  block:  removed  next  to 
Bridge  square  and  First  street.  The  firm  was 
known  as  Kelly  and  Brother  until  isiit,  when  P. 
H.  Kelly  retired,  and  coninienced  business  in  St. 
Paul.    Anthony  Kelley  continued  the  business 


WHOLESALE  GBOCERIES. 


423 


alone,  and  in  March,  1866,  was  burned  out,  and 
then  took  possession  of  the  building  l^nown  as 
the  Kelly  block.  The  firm  was  then  known  as  A. 
Kelly  and  Co.,  and  remained  in  Kelly's  block 
until  1877.  The  building  now  occupied  is  66x100 
feet,  and  three  stories  in  height,  above  basement, 
and  has  an  extension  of  57x66  feet,  one  story  and 
basement,  in  rear.  The  business  is  exclusively 
wholesale,  and  employs  thirty-two  men,  six  of 
whom  are  traveling  salesmen.  In  1880,  it 
amounted  to  51,500,000,  and  extended  through- 
out the  northwest. 

Hart,  Monroe  &  Tliomas,  proprietors  of  the 
Minneapolis  Spice  ilills  and  wholesale  fancy  gro- 
cers, are  located  at  108  Washington  Avenue  south. 
The  business  was  established  in  1870,  by  Squires, 
Hart  &  Company,  who  conthiued  it  until  1876,  at 
wliich  time  the  firm  of  Ilart,  Monroe  &  Thomas 
was  organized,  and  has  since  conducted  the  busi- 
ness. It  is  the  only  establishment  of  the  kind  in 
the  state  that  makes  a  specialy  of  its  own  brands, 
and  grinding  spices  of  all  kinds.  Their  building 
is  22x130  feet,  three  stories  high  above  the  base- 
ment. In  the  rear  is  a  Ijrick  building  used  as  an 
engine,  roasting  and  grinding-room.  An  engine 
of  fifteen  horse-power  turns  the  machinery. 
This  consists  of  three  large  roasting  cylinders  of 
recent  invention,  two  gi'induig  machines,  one  of 
which  is  a  small  set  of  buhrs,  and  two  machines 
for  roasting  coffee,  the  capacity  being  one  ton 
per  day.  Tlie  firm  employs  ten  men,  four  sales- 
men traveling  constantly,  the  trade  being  extend- 
ed throughout  northern  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Minne- 
sota, Dakota  and  Montana. 

The  wholesale  grocery  of  George  R.  Xewell  & 
Company,  Nos.  9,  11  and  13  Washington  Avenue 
north,  was  founded  in  1870,  by  Stevens,  Morse  & 
Newell.  In  187.S,  Messrs.  Stevens  and  Morse  re- 
tired, and  the  firm  of  Newell  &  Harrison  was  or- 
ganized, and  continued  until  May,  1879,  since 
when  Mr.  Newell  has  had  entire  control  of  the 
business.  The  first  year's  business  amounted  to 
to  $25/J00,  and  in  1880  to  !52,O()0,0O0. 

S.  G.  Palmer  and  Company,  wholesale  fancy 
grocers,  occupy  a  biulding  which  was  erected  ex- 
pressly for  their  use,  at  Nos.  12  and  U  Washing- 
ton Avenue  nortli.  The  business  was  estaltlislied 
in  March,  1878,  and  S.  G.  Palmer  and  Company 
took  charge  of  it  in  April,  1880.  The  Iniikling  is 
44x85  feet,  of  which  they  occupy  the  first  floor 


and  basement.  Tlie  can-y  a  full  line  of  fruits  and 
fancy  groceries,  employing  three  traveling  sales- 
men. Tliey  do  business  in  all  parts  of  Mimieso- 
ta  and  Dakota. 

The  house  of  Dunham  and  Johnson,  wholesale 
grocers,  was  founded  in  l.s70,  and  does  Ijusiness  at 
212  Hemiepin  Avenue,  where  tliey  occupy  a  build- 
ing 28x125  feet,  four  stories  high  and  basement. 
They  employ  twelve  men,  four  as  traveling  sales- 
men, and  do  an  annual  Inisiness  of  about  §700,000, 
extencUng  tlu'oughout  ilumesota  and  portions  of 
the  adjoining  states  and  tenitories. 

The  wholesale  gi'ocery  house  of  W.  W.  Harri- 
son and  Company  occupies  the  Oswald  buikUng, 
No.  19  Washington  Avenue  north.  Their  build- 
mg  is  25x125  feet,  four  stories  and  basement. 
In  1877,  W.  W.  Harrison  commenced  business  at 
222  Hennepin  Avenue,  dealing  wholly  in  fancy 
groceries  by  wholesale.  In  September,  1880,  the 
firm  of  W.  W.  Harrison  and  Company  was  or- 
ganized, and  they  caiTy  a  full  line  of  staple  and 
fancy  gi'oceries,  employing  thirteen  men,  and  do- 
ing busmess  in  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  and  Da- 
kota. 

Harrison  and  Knight,  wholesale  dealers  in  sad- 
dlery hardware,  wagon  and  carriage  material  and 
iron,  commenced,  at  No.  207  Nicollet  Avenue, 
in  1877,  and  continued  until  September  1st,  1880, 
when  they  removed  to  their  new  l)uilding  on  First 
Avenue  south,  between  Washington  Avenue  and 
Tliird  street.  This  is  45x135  feet,  and  has  five 
floors,  and  is  so  arranged  tliat  light  is  received  on 
aU  sides.  Two  hydraulic  elevators,  one  for  pass- 
engers and  one  for  freight,  giving  access  from 
floor  to  floor.  The  firm  employs  twelve  men,  four 
of  whom  are  traveling  salesmen,  supplying  cus- 
tomers throughout  the  nortli-wcst.  The  annual 
business  amounts  to  |300,ooo. 

J.  II.  Thompson's  clothing  liouse  is  at  No.  118 
Hennepin  Avenue,  in  a  tlnee-story  Inick  build- 
ing, 45x100  feet,  built  by  himself,  in  1871.  Mr. 
Thompson  started  in  business  in  Minneapolis  in 
1857,  on  Second  .\ venue  south,  opposite  the  St. 
James  Hotel.  He  remained  here  until  1858,  and 
moved  to  First  street,  near  where  the  hay  market 
now  is:  thence  to  a  buil<Iing  near  tlie  suspension 
bridge,  wliere  he  remained  until  the  completion 
of  a  building  erected  by  him  at  No.  109  Nicollet 
Avenue.  Here  he  opened,  in  connection  with  his 
tailoring  department,  a  stock  of  clothing,  June 


424 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


lltli.  1860.  This  Iiiiildiii^  and  stock  were  de- 
stroyed by  lire,  and  ilr.  Tliompson  went  into 
tlie  Xic-ollet  House,  where  he  remained  until 
1871,wlien  lie  puri'hased  his  present  site  and 
eret'ted  a  building  on  it. 

The  New  York  Clothing  House,  owned  by  R. 
Rees  and  Rro..  is  at  the  comer  Henncjiin  Ave- 
nue and  Second  street,  in  Rees"  block.  Mr. 
Rees  commenced  the  business  alone,  in  1869,  un- 
der Pence  ojiera  house,  where  lie  remained  until 
1878.  when  he  jiurchased  ground  at  his  present 
location,  and  erected  a  brick  building,  three 
stories  high  above  ba.sement,  22x8-5  feet.  In  1878, 
Gu8.  Rees  took  an  interest  in  the  business,  and  the 
firm  has  large  branch  houses  in  Stillwater  and 
Mankato,  and  do  an  annual  business  of  lloO,- 
(HK),  employing  sixteen  men. 

(J.  S.  Butler,  proprietor  of  the  T'.  T.  K.  cloth- 
ing house.  l>egini  in  1S76.  at  Xo.  Ill  AVasliingtou 
Avenue  south,  the  firm  known  asGriflitli,  Roberts 
and  IJutler.  In  1878.  they  removed  to  210, 
Nicollet  and  211  Hennepin  Avenue,  the  store 
extending  from  avenue  to  avenue.  Previ- 
ous to  187ii,  Mr.  Uutler  had  been  business 
manager  of  the  firm,  and  in  September  of  that 
year,  purchased  the  interests  of  the  other  two. 
since  when  he  has  conducted  it  alone. 

Fuller  and  Simpson \s  hat  and  shirt  store,  was 
founded  in  187(i.  by  (".  A.  Fuller  and  R.  F.  Gil- 
lam,  in  tlie  Nicollet  House  block,  a  few  doors 
from  their  i>resenl  location,  corner  of  Wa.shing- 
ton  and  Nicollet  Avenues,  and  they  carried 
a  complete  sUx-k  of  gents"  furnishing  goods, 
hats,  cajis.  etc.  In  1874,  Mr.  (Jillain  sold  his 
intercKt  to  <;.  H.  Siin|>son,  and  tlie  lirni  then 
ad<le<l  a  shirt  manufactory,  and  in  1k7s.  a  laun- 
dry, for  which  they  reiiled  a  nxini  22x100  feet, 
at  No.  210  First  Avenue  simth,  and  were  soon 
compelled  to  m-cupy  the  entire  building;  they 
employ  live  men  and  thirty  girls.  Laundry 
work  from  all  jiarls  of  the  state  is  sent  to  them 
by  express.  Their  gent.s"  furnishing  de|>artini-nt 
and  factory  is  in  the  Nicollet  House  block,  occu- 
pying first  fl(Mir  and  biu*ement,  22x00  feet,  where 
they  employ  live  men  and  lwent>-live  girls. 

Boston  One  Priie  Clolliing  Store,  K.  1|.  Steele 
proi>rietor,  was  establlshe<l  August  Isl,  1874.  in  a 
HHim  22x8'if('fl.intlie  Academy  of  .Music  Janu- 
ary 1st.  1876,  another  riKim  wa.s  added  and  since 
then  he  has  enlarged  from  time  to  time,  and  now 


occupies  five  rooms,  four  of  them  22x85  and  one 
30x40,  and  the  basement,  which  is  85x110  feet. 
The  house  employs  seventy  men,  fifty  of  whom  are 
engaged  in  the  mamifacture  of  clothing  to  order, 
and  during  the  dull  season  in  nialviiig  ready-made 
clothing.  The  otlier  twenty  men  are  salesmen, 
book-keepers,  etc.  The  business,  the  fii-st  year, 
was  .'fOo.ooo.  and  in  1880,  was  S20o.(M)0. 

J.  II.  Kerrick  and  Co."s  machinery  depot,  No. 
254  Fii-st  Avenue  south,  was  opened  October, 
1880,  for  handling  iron  and  wood  working  ma- 
chinery and  supplies  of  every  description.  The 
main  manufactory  is  located  at  Indianapolis,  In- 
diana. The  branch  at  Jlinneapolis,  under  the 
supervision  of  A.  H.  (ioodo.  is  the  only  establish- 
ment in  the  north-west  that  deals  exclusively  in 
this  line  of  goods,  which  .supplies  a  want  long  felt 
in  Minneapolis  and  the  north-west.  Tliey  occupy 
room  and  liasenienl  50x80. 

C.  \\'.  Sliatto,  agricultural  implement  dealer, 
opened  business  in  1873,  with  the  firm  of  Jones, 
Sliatlo  and  Co.  In  1875,  R.  II.  Jones  withdrew 
from  the  lirm  and  went  into  the  Harvester  works, 
and  the  firm  became  Shatto  and  Christian.  In 
1878,  Mr.  Shatto  purchased  Mr.Christian's  interest, 
and  has  since  conducted  (he  business  alone.  He 
has  branch  houses  at  Fergus  Falls  and  Carver. 
His  present  location  is  No.  307  AVashingtou 
Avenue  north. 

Clark  and  Mackiolli  dpciicd  their  agricultural 
iiu])lcnient  depot  at  No.  218  Washington  Avenue 
north,  in  December,  1879,  and  have  already  ac- 
quired a  good  and  extensive  business.  They  are 
s]iccial  northwestern  agents  for  Furst  and  Bradley, 
of  Chicago,  Sludebaker  Brothei-s  .Manul'acturing 
Company,  South  Bend,  Indiana;  the  Ohio  Steel 
Barb  Fence  Coiu)tany,  Cleveland;  Detroit  Safe 
Company.  Detroit.  Michigan:  and  the  LaCladeFire 
Brick  Manufacturing  Company.  They  also  do  a 
jobbing  business  in  miscellaneous  articles.  The 
members  of  the  linn  aic(;coige  .\.  Clark  and  Otto 
H.    Mackroth. 

Franklin  StecU'.  Jr.,  and  Company,  agriculluial 
implement  dealers,  commenced  doing  business  in 
IKso.  in  a  brick  liuilding  4  1x1  10  fed,  on  the  corner 
of  First  street  and  Second  Avenue  south.  They 
carry  an  immense  stock,  which  they  dispose  of  by 
wholesale  and  retail,  in  Minnesota  and  ailjoiniiig 
slates  and  territories. 

\V.  II.  Jones  and  <'iinipany,  dealere  iu  agricul- 


BANKS  AND  BANKEBS. 


425 


tural  implements,  Nos.  206  and  208  Washington 
Avenue  north,  commenced  January  1st,  1878. 
They  are  state  agents  for  the  Marsh  Han-ester, 
AVire  and  Twine  Binders,  and  Warrior  mowers. 
During  the  year  1880.  the  business  amounted  to 
about  .f  1,100,000. 

George  Blake,  dealer  in  Domestic  sewing  ma- 
chines, has  branch  offices  in  St.  P.iul  and  Still- 
water. In  1879-80,  he  erected  the  l)uildiiig  now 
occupied  by  liim  at  320  Nicollet  Avenue.  This 
building  is  44x86  feet,  four  stories  higli.  The 
front  is  of  Ohio  sandstone,  and  is  highly  orna- 
mental. The  pavement  in  front  of  this  building 
is  the  first  area  stone  sidewalk  laid  in  the  city. 
On  the  first  floor  Mr.  Blake  has  his  salesroom. 
The  second  and  third  floors  are  rented  for  oflices, 
and  the  fourth  for  sleeping  apartments.  At  the 
time  Mr.  Blake  came  to  Minneapolis,  there  were 
but  300  Domestic  sewing  machines  iier  year  sold 
hi  ilinnesota  ;  but  now  his  sales  amount  to  2,oOU 
per  year,  requiring  sixteen  salesmen. 

Winecke  and  Doerr,  wholesale  and  retail  deal- 
ers in  tobacco  and  cigars,  established  a  retail 
business  in  1873,  on  AVashington  Avenue  south, 
where  tliey  remained  until  187-5,.  w'hen  they  re- 
moved to  Jfo.  25  Washington  Avenue- south,  and 
commenced  a  wholesale  and  retail  business,  em- 
ploying fi\'e  men.  Their  goods  are  sold  in  Min- 
nesota, Wisconsin,  Iowa  and  Dakota. 

Harpman  and  Gronauer,  manufacturers  and 
wholesale  dealers  in  cigars,  etc.,  Xo.  30  M'ashing- 
ton  Avenue  south,  employ  three  traveling  sales- 
men, doing  business  hi  Minnesota,  Wisconsm, 
Iowa  and  Dakota.  The  business  was  first  started 
at  No.  114  Hennepin  Avenue,  by  llari)manBros., 
who  conducted  it  until  October,  1879,  when  J.  A. 
Gronauer  iiurchased  an  interest,  and  'the  firm  be- 
came Harpman  and  Gronauer. 

George  F.  AVarner,  undertaker  and  dealer  in 
furniture  and  upholstery,  commenced  business 
in  1857,  and  is  the  oldest  established  furniture 
dealer  in  Minneapolis.  Ills  furniture  salesroom, 
No.  325  Nicollet  Avenue,  is  26x80  feet,  and  oc- 
cupies three  floors.  His  undertaking  warerooms 
at  No.  106  Washington  Avenue  south,  are 
22x100  feet,  and  occupy  two  floors.  Mr.  Warner 
has  three  fine  hearses,  and  two  furniture  trucks, 
and  does  an  annual  business  of  about  ii  60,000. 

Wm.  (ilessner  and  son,  furniture  dealers  and 
midertakers,  No.  211  Central  Avenue,  commenced 


manufacturing  furniture  in  1859,  and  continued 
until  1865,  when  they  retired  from  manufactur- 
ing and  entered  the  retiiil  business.  Their  an- 
nual business  amounts  to  about  f  15,000,  and  is 
done  in  a  two-story  building,  22x80  feet.  They 
employ  three  men. 

A.  H.  Edsten,  No.  303  Washington  Avenue 
south,  dealer  in  all  kinds  of  furniture,  occupies 
as  salesrooms,  two  floors  22x50  feet,  and  a  shop 
16x35  feet,  two  stories  high.  He  commenced 
in  1871,  and  does  an  auuiial  business  of  about 
17,000. 

Phelps  &  Bradstreet,  dealers  in  furniture  and 
draperies,  at  Nos.  421  and  423  Nicollet  Avenue, 
organized  in  April,  1878,  They  occupy  one  floor, 
44x120.  and  three  floors  44x75,  doing  an  annual 
business  of  170,000  in  fine  furniture,  draperies 
and  artistic  house-furnishing.  They  make  the 
finest  display  of  draperies  and  fine  furniture  of 
any  house  west  of  Chicago.  All  their  finest  dra- 
peries and  decorations  being  made  to  order. 
The  business  is  rapidly  increasing. 


CHAPTER  LXVII. 


B.\NKS — BOAKD    OF    TRADE — CLEAKINCi    HOUSE 
— KAILKOADS— INSURANCE  COJIl'ANIES. 

The  records  of  the  past  twenty-seven  years, 
which  have  elapsed  since  the  first  bank  in  what 
is  now  Mmneapolis,  came  into  existence,  show 
twenty-four  sucli  institutions,  only  ten  of  which 
are  still  in  existence.  Before  enterin'g  the  field 
of  the  banks  of  to-day,  we  will  review  the  in- 
stitutions which  once  in  existence,  have  since 
wound  up  their  affairs.  The  history  begins  with 
Snyder  &  McFarlane,  bankers  and  brokers,  who 
commenced  business  in  1854,  continuing  to  1858, 
about  four  years.  C.  II.  Pettit,  banker  and  brok- 
er, was  the  second,  commencing  in  the  fall  of 
1855,  continuing  to  18.59.  Next,  Beede  &  Meu- 
denhall,  bankers  and  brokers,  organized  April 
27th,  1856;  they  afterward  organi/.eil  the  State 
Bank  of  ilinnesola,  with  U.  J.  Mendenhall,  pres- 


426 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


ident.  and  K.  J.  Baldwin,  rasliier.  Borman  & 
Phinney.  liankt-iis  and  Imikers,  ((imnienced  busi- 
ness in  tlie  spring  of  18o7,  and  continued  till 
1861.  Grow  &  Phinney  began  in  1857.  continu- 
ing to  1KH2  as  l>ankers  and  brokers. 

K.  J.  Ualdwin.  banker  and  broker,  commenced 
bu.siness  in  18.57.  In  1802  he  organized  the  State 
Bank  with  R.  J.  MendenhalU  president,  and  K. 
J.  Baldwin,  ca.shier.  The  State  National  Bank 
grew  out  of  the  State  Bank  of  Minnesota  and  con- 
tinued up  to  187(5.  when  it  wound  up  business. 
The  National  Kxcliange  Bank  started  in  1867, 
with  llenr\  .Miller,  president,  and  W.  P.  West- 
fall,  cashier,  and  in  1875  closed  its  business. 
The  State  Savings  Association  was  organized  in 
1866  and  contiinied  business  to  1873.  The  Ex- 
change Savings  Bank  was  org-anized  in  1868  and 
in  1871,  it  closed  business.  .The  National  Ex- 
change was  organized  in  1869  and  merged  into  the 
Merchants  National  of  Hastings.  It  subsequent- 
ly moved  to  Miiincapcilis  and  clianged  lo  the 
Merchants  National  liank.  but  February  1st,  1881, 
went  into  li<|uidation.  In  1873  the  Scandinavian 
Bank  came  to  the  surface  but  immediately  sank. 
Sparks  and  Mcl'herson,  brokers,  opened  in  1870 
and  in  1875,  wound  up.  The  Lumbermen's  Bank 
commenced  business  in  1876  but  soon  after  closed 
up  it.s  affaii's. 

KXISTING  n.XXKS. 

Ten  banks  are  now  doing  business  in  Minne- 
a|Hilis.  seven  of  which  represent  an  aggregate 
capital  of  $2.5.50.0(l(l;  the  remaining  three  are 
private  bankers  and  brokers.  The  capiUd  of  com- 
panies of  the  lii-st  class  varies  from  .•?  1  .(KKi.dOd,  the 
caj.ital  of  the  Security  to  i{5o.(i(io  of  the  City  Bank. 
To  facilitiile  the  banking  business  of  the  city  a 
clearing  hous<'  hiis  been  established,  where  the 
daily  balances  of  the  banks  are  settled. 

The  Sei'urity  Bank.  This  staunch  and  vigor- 
ous institution  takes  prominent  place  aniciug  the 
many  wiccessfnl  business  enterprises  of  which 
MinneaiKiIis  can  boast.  Launching  upon  the 
lliiancial  tide  .lanuary  J.  1878.  with  a  cash  ca|>- 
ital  of  (30(i,(Kin,  its  admirable  management  so 
developed  its  business  that  early  in  I87it.  iflOd,- 
(HK»  more  slock  was  added,  and  in  February, 
1HH(),  the  further  additi<in  nf  ^60(i.iio(i  brought 
\in  capital  up  to  ♦l.iMMi.ouo,  all  of  which  was 
promptly  l«iiid  in,  and  of  the  entire  stock  all  but  I 
$2fl,2(K)  JH  owne<l   by  reslrlenls  of  Minneaiwlis. 


The  Bank  building  is  situated  on  Hennepin 
Avenue,  corner  of  Third  street,  and  is  one  of  the 
finest  buildings  in  the  city.  The  officers  of  the 
l>ank  are :  I'resident — T.  A.  Harrison ;  Vice 
President -II.  G.  Harrison;  Cashier— J.  Dean; 
Assistant  Cashier — A.  J.  Dean;  Directors — T, 
A,  Harrison,  H,  G,  Harrison,  J,  Dean,  Hon, 
C,  E,  Vanderburgh,  Franklin  Beebe,  "\V.  \V. 
:\IcXair,  J.  M.  Shaw,  C.  C.  Wasliliurii  and 
Franklin  Steele. 

First  Nat  iciiial  Hank.  Tlie  history  of  this  bank 
is  one  of  general  interest,  and  deseiTes  more 
than  a  passing  notice.  Its  existence  dates  from 
October,  1857. when  a  local  bank  was  opened  under 
the  lirm  name  of  Sidle,  Wolford  and  Company, 
inuler  which  title  they  enjoyed  a  flattering  degree 
of  prosperity  for  lliree  years,  when  they  organ- 
ized a  Bank  of  Issue  under  the  state  law,  as  the 
Bank  of  ^Minneapolis.  Under  this  title  they  did 
a  jirosiierous  business  until  1864,  when  the  system 
of  national  banks  was  instituted  and  the  name 
was  again  changed  to  tlie  First  National  Bank 
of  Minneapolis.  The  financial  history  of  the 
bank  is  one  of  steady,  solid  growth.  Its  reverses 
have  been  few,  while  its  prosperity  has  been  all 
its  founders  could  wish.  Beginning  with  a  cash 
capital  of  .* 5(i.0(M),  it  soon  rose  to  .$20(1,000  by 
the  accumulation  of  undivided  profits,  after  pay- 
ing a  regular  dividend  of  twenty-four  per  cent, 
to  its  stock-holders.  January  1,  1879,  $400,000 
was  subscribed  and  paid  in,  making  a  cash  cai> 
ilal  of  $(ioo.O(io.  mostly  owned  by  residents  of 
Minneapolis.  Its  stock  lias  always  been  far 
above  par,  and  is  eageily  snuglit  to-day  at  125 
percent.  The  elegant  bank  building  is  situated 
on  the  corner  of  Nicollet  and  Washington  Ave- 
nues, and  is  a  credit  to  flic  city. 

Northwestern  Natinnal  I'.aiik.  'I'liis  iiistilutioii 
was  founded  in  1872.  with  a  paid  up  caiiital  of 
$200,000,  and  started  on  a  career  of  prosperity 
ecjualled  by  few.  if  aii>.  of  ilic  banking  institu- 
tions <if  the  imiijiwcst.  .\t  till'  time  of  the  or- 
ganization. 1).  .Morrison  was  elected  president, 
and  S.  E,  Neiler  cashier;  and  in  1875,  Mr,  H.  T. 
Welles  was  elected  president,  in  the  jilace  of  D, 
Morrison,  whose  term  had  e.Npired.  In  1876,  an 
addition  of  $300.ooo  was  made  to  the  original 
sto<.'k,  making  the  capital  stock  a  half  million  dol- 
lars. In  the  fall  of  1879,  owing  to  the  defalca- 
tion of  the  assistant  cashier,  a  loss  of  $127,iiOO 


EXISTING  BANKS. 


i-2' 


was  sustained,  but  on  account  of  the  flourishing 
condition  of  tlie  bank,  the  loss  liad  been  made 
good  before  January  1st,  1880,  by  the  subscription 
of  noo,000  from  the  stockholders,  and  127,000 
earnings  of  the  bank.  July  1st,  issd.the  surplus 
earnings  amounted  to  !f24.U0(l.  This  institution 
is  considered  one  of  tlie  solid  establishments  of 
the  city,  and  their  elegant  and  substantial  build- 
ing, erected  in  1872-3,  located  at  the  corner  of 
Washington  and  First  Avenues  south,  is  looked 
upon  with  pride  by  the  citzens  of  Minneapolis. 
The  present  oflicers  of  the  bank  are  as  follows  :  | 
H.  T.  "Welles,  president :  S.  A.  Harris,  cashier ;  j 
W.  E.  Burwell,  assistant  cashier. 

The  City  Bank.  The  organization  of  this 
mstitution  dates  from  1869.  when  a  private  bank 
with  a  capital  of  |50,0(10  was  established.  J.  W. 
Pence,  president,  and  T.  J.  Buxton,  cashier.  Oc- 
tober 10th,  1872,  it  was  reorganized  as  a  stock 
bank,  with  a  capital  of  $150,000,  which  was  in- 
creased the  following  year  to  .'f200,ooo.  The  offi- 
cers were  J.  W.  Pence,  president;  T.  F.  Thomp- 
son, vice-president;  T.  J.  Buxton,  cashier.  Janu- 
ary, 1874,  Mr.  Harrison  succeeded  Mr.  Thompson 
to  the  office  of  vice-president,  and  in  1878  he  was 
succeeded  by  John  Watson.  The  officers  at 
present  are:  J.  W.  Johnson,  president;  John 
Watson,  vice-president;  T.  J.  Buxton,  cashier,  and 
Charles  McC.  Keeve,  assistant  cashier.  The  bank 
has  had  a  prosperous  career  from  the  outset  and 
from  its  organization  as  a  stock  bank  has  declared 
large  dividends,  without  the  omission  of  a  single 
year.  As  evidence  of  the  increase  of  business,  the 
bank  handled  in  1872,  $5,108,000,  and  in  1880, 
only  eight  years  later,  this  sum  was  increased  to 
$35,374,000,  actual  cash  transactions.  The  bank 
is  located  comer  of  Hennepin  Avenue  and  Second 
street. 

The  Hennepin  County  Savings  Bank.  This  ' 
institution  first  opened  its  doors  to  the  public 
September  1st,  1870,  and  is  therefore  just  enter- 
ing upon  its  second  decade  of  remarkalile  pros- 
perity and  usefulness.  Its  foiniders  anil  first 
Board  of  Trustees  were  the  following  well  known 
gentlemen  :  E.  S.  Jones,  J.  E.  Bell.  S.  A.  Harris, 
D.  C.  Bell  and  J.  H.  Clark.  Its  first  coiiss  of  of- 
ficers from  their  number  as  follows,  viz. :  E.  S. 
Jones,  president;  J.  H.  Clark,  vice-president; 
J.  E.  Bell,  cashier.  In  1873,  Mr.  I).  C.  BelUvas 
elected    vice-president   in  place    of  Mr.    J.  H. 


Clark,  deceased — during  the  same  year  Mr.  S.  A. 
Harris  was  chosen  to  the  newly  created  position 
of  assistant  cashier.  Such  comprised  the  man- 
agement until  September,  1879,  when  Mr.  Hanis 
resigned  his  position  lo  accept  the  more  respon- 
sible one  of  cashier  of  the  North- Western  Nati- 
onal Bank  of  this  city.  Mr.  AV.  II.  Leeformany 
years,  the  bank's  efficient  teller,  succeeded  Mr. 
Hanis  as  assistant  cashier.  The  present  board 
of  trustees  is  the  same  as  the  origiiuU  board, 
with  the  exception  of  Hon.  George  A.  Pillsbury 
in  place  of  J.  H.  Clark,  deceased.  The  present 
officers  are— E.  S.  Jones,  president;  I).  C.  Bell, 
vice-president ;  J.  E.  Bell,  cashier ;  W.  H.  Lee, 
assistant  cashier.  The  high  esteem  and  confi- 
dence in  which  this  institution  is  held  by  the  pub- 
lic, is  evidenced  by  tlie  fact  that  it  ranks  to-day, 
the  foremost  institution  of  its  kind  in  the  state. 
In  one  decade  its  deposits  have  reached  the  hand- 
some aggregate  of  over  §400,000,  representing 
2,000  and  more  open  accounts,  and  the  rate  of  in- 
crease in  the  total  of  deposits  has  never  been 
greater  than  at  the  opening  of  this  second  decade. 

Farmer's  and  Mechanic's  Savings  Bank  of 
Minneapolis.  This  institution  was  organized 
September  10th,  1874,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
SoO,000.  Officers:  A.  U.  Mulford,  president;  C. 
Morrison,  vice-president;  and  E.  H.  Moulton, 
treasurer.  May  loth,  1875,  Dr.  Levi  Butler  was 
made  president,  the  other  officers  remaining  the 
same.  Dr.  Butler  died,  and  Winthrop  Young 
was  elected  president  June  10th,  1878,  and  has 
held  the  office  since.  Tlie  legislature  of  1879 
passed  a  law  making  all  savings  banks  mutual, 
and  in  January,  1880,  this  iilan  was  adopted. 
This  is  the  only  mutual  savings  liaiik  in  the  state, 
the  depositors  receiving  tlie  benrlit  iiml  sharing 
in  the  earnings  of  the  inslitutiim.  As  evidence 
of  the  confidence  of  the  public,  the  deposits  in- 
creased to  more  than  double  after  the  adoiition  of 
the  mutual  plan,  being  for  the  year  1879,  $186,- 
200,  and  in  188(>f  from  January  1st  to  August 
1st,  $292,000. 

The  Citizens"  iJank  was  organized  Novemlier 
1st,  1876,  with  a  capital  of  .t50,000.  The  bank 
is  located  corner  of  Wasliington  ^Vvenue  and 
Fifth  Avenue  south,  where  it  has  had  a  pros- 
perous business  since  tlie  inauguration  of  the 
enterprise.  The  officers  are:  N.  F.  (iriswold, 
president;  Joseph  H.  Clark,  vice-president,  and 


428 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


George  B.  Slieplierd,  cashier.    The  greater  part 
of  the  stock  is  held  by  citizens  of  ^liniieapolis. 

PHIVATE   HAXKIXG    INSTITUTION?. 

The  Bank  of  iliniieapolis  was  establislied  la 
1867,  by  Thomas  AV.  Wilson  and  Erastus  Byers, 
and  is  the  only  bank  in  Minneapolis  that  has 
conducted  business  snice  ]s(>7.  without  change 
in  name  or  management.  The  bank  first  occu- 
pied a  room  in  the  old  post-office  building,  with 
Mr.  Wilson,  president,  and  Mr.  Byei-s.  casliier. 
They  subsequently  moved  to  the  XicoUel  House 
block,  their  present  location.  The  death  of  Mr. 
Byers  in  June,  188(1,  caused  no  change  in  the 
management,  since  Mrs.  Byers  retains  the  inter- 
est held  by  her  late  husband.  Mr.  AVilsmi  di- 
recting affairs  as  before.  A  general  banking  and 
collection  business  is  transacted. 

V.  (i.  Hush.  This  bank  was  established  by  V. 
G.  Hush  in  1878,  Un-ated  in  the  Pence  block,  cor- 
ner of  Nicollet  Avenue  and  Second  street.  Mr. 
Hush  was  interested  in  the  City  Bank  at  its  es- 
tiiblishnicnt  and  when  that  was  made  a  stock 
bank,  withdrew  and  founded  a  private  bank.  He 
transacts  a  general  banking  business  and  deals  in 
commercial  jiaper.  being  one  of  the  largest  dealere 
in  the  stale.  Mr.  Hush  has  been  a  resident  of 
Mhmea|K)lis  fourteen  years,  eleven  ol  which  he 
has  passed  in  banking.  The  business  has  been 
successful  fnini  the  start,  and  for  the  jia.st  year  or 
two  has  doubled  each  year.  Mr.  A.  B.  Hush 
occupies  the  jiosition  of  cashier  in  this  bank. 

The  Commercial  Bank  was  established  in 
February,  1880.  and  although  its  experience 
ha.H  iH-en  short,  enjoys  a  Haltering  degree  of 
prosperity,  oexiupylng  the  bank  building  on  tlie 

Vmv\.  Side,  comer  of  Central  Avei anil  Main 

street.  ])avison  inid  Dean,  the  proprietoi-s.  have 
liad  a  long  experience  in  banking.  l{obert  A. 
iJavi.Hon  was  with  the  First  National  Bank. Cellar 
liapids.  Iowa,  from  the  time  of  its  organization. 
John  I)ean.  ii  native  of  this  city,  has  been  favora- 
lilj  known  in  connection  with  the  Security  Hank 
from  the  date  of  its  organization  until  he  became 
Identined  with  the  "Conunereial."  They  do  a 
general  banking  business.  |>aying  special  atten- 
tion t<i  loaiiH  on  city  and  farm  pro|MMty  and  in- 
vestment »e<-urities.  This  is  the  onl>  bank  on 
the  Kast  Side  and  enjoys  theeonlidence  of  all  the 
business  men  of  tlial  jHirtion  of  the  city. 


Minneapolis  Clearing  House.  The  IMinneapolis 
Clearing  House  was  organized  January  1st,  1881, 
and  has  its  place  of  business  in  the  basement  of 
the  Security  Hank  building.  Tliongh  recently  es- 
tal)lished,  its  oiieration  has  proved  valuable  and 
satisfactory  to  the  baidis  concerned.  All  banks 
ill  the  city.  excepUng  the  First  National,  belong 
to  its  membershiij.  The  officers  are :  president, 
J.  Dean,  cashier  of  the  Security  Bank;  manager, 
W.  E.  Burwell.  assistant  cashier  of  the  North- 
western National  Bank:  directors,  J.  M.  Will- 
iams, cashier  of  Merchants  National  bank,  ('has. 
ilcC.  Keeve,  assistant  cashier  of  City  Bank,  T. 
W.  Wilson,  president  of  Bank  of  Miiuieapolis, 
Vi.  B.  Shepherd,  casliier  of  Citizens  Bank.  X.  (i. 
Hush,  jirivate  banker.  Meetings  are  subject  to 
call  of  llie  manager. 

THE  HO.\RD  OF  TRADE  OF  MINNEAPOLIS. 

The  Board  of  Trade  of  the  city  of  Miiuieapolis 
was  organized  liy  W.  I).  Washburn,  II.  T.  Welles. 
Bichard  Chute,  John  Potts  Brown,  A.  B.  Barton, 
J.  S.  Walker.  E.  W.  Herrick,  Jacob  Stone  Jr., 
ami  W.  W .  -McNair.  who  associated  themselves 
together  October  8(ith.  1872.  as  a  body  corporate 
under  the  above  name.  •■  Tlie  purpose  of  the  as- 
sociation is  to  facilitate  am!  ]iromote  the  commer- 
cial, niercaiilile.  and  manul'acluriiig  interests  of 
the  city  of  Minneapolis;    lo  encourage  just  and 

I  equitable  principles  of  trade,  and  uniformity  iu 

i  the  commercial  usages  of  the  city :  to  acquire, 
jireserve  and  disseminate  valuable  business  in- 
formation ;  to  adjust  controversies  and  misunder- 

i  sUiiidings  that  may  occur  between  parties  en- 
gaged ill  tiaile.  and  to  advance  llie  general  pros- 
perity of  the  city  of  .Miiiiieapdlis."  The  lii-sl  an- 
nual report  of  the  association  was  made  in  1876, 
since'  wliicii  lime  a  daily  reciu'd  of  business  has 
biMii  lie|il.  The  present  officers  are  :  (Jeorge  A. 
I'ili^bury.  president;  Samuel  C.  Gale,  vice-jiresi- 

;  dent;  F.  W.  Brook,  second  vice-president;  C.  C. 

[  Sttirtevant,  secretary  ;  Valeittine  (J.  llusli.  treas- 

j  nrer;  N.  W.  Yerxa,  grain  inspector. 

liAll.ltOADS. 

From  the  arrival  of  the  '•  .\nthoiiy  Wayne," 
the  first  steamboat  at  the  falls,  April    l.ilh.  18.50, 

j  with  (Jov.  Alexander  Hamsey  and  other  distin- 
guished pei-sons  on  board,  to  the  present  time,  the 

I  "Conunon  Carrier"  by  land  and  water  has  been 
intimately  a.ssociated  with  every  step  in  the  prog- 


EAILB0AB8. 


429 


ress  of  this  city.  Steamboats  and  stages  carried 
tlie  mails,  mercliandise  and  limited  products  of 
the  pioneer.  These  were  looked  upon  with  par- 
donable pride  as  a  great  advance  from  the  days 
of  the  uncertain  voyaseur,  or  the  half-breed 
courier,  pursuing  his  course  through  the  trackless 
forests. 

The  first  Minnesota  railroad,  o]ipned  fortraffic, 
was  the  St.  Paul  and  Pacific,  .June  2Sth,  1862,  on 
the  line  commenced  by  the  Minnesota  and  Paci- 
fic Railroad  Company,  which  was  chartered  May 
22d,  1857,  as  a  land  grant  road.  This  road  was 
only  ten  miles  in  length,  extending  from  St.  Paul 
to  St.  Anthony,  and  had  its  terminus  and  depot 
near  the  foot  of  Central  Avenue,  running  thence 
along  the  river  bank,  and  striking  the  present 
line  near  the  University.  Upon  the  completion 
of  the  proposed  union  depot  and  iron  railroad 
bridge,  much  of  this  ground  will  be  again  devot- 
ed to  railroad  use. 

The  branch  line  was  completed  to  Anoka, 
January,  1864,  and  in  the  fall  of  1867,  to  Sauk 
Rapids.  In  the  winter  of  1866 and  1867,  abridge 
was  built  and  a  depot  located  on  the  west  side. 
Cars  by  this  line  were  run  into  Minneapolis  the 
latter  part  of  March,  following,  and  to  Wayzata 
the  same  year.  December  31st,  1868,  the  road  was 
completed  to  Howard  Lake.  E.  F.  Drake  was 
contractor  for  the  first  ten  miles,  and  Edmund 
Rice  was  president  at  that  time.  J.  P.  Farley 
operated  the  road  for  some  years,  as  general  man- 
ager and  receiver. 

The  St.  Paul,  ^linneapolis  and  Manitoba  Rail- 
way Company,  organized  in  1879,  with  George 
Stephen,  president;  K.  B.  Angus,  vice-president; 
and  J.  J.  Hill,  general  manager,  now  owns  and 
operates  these  and  other  roads.  A  liranrh  to 
Osseo  is  in  process  of  construction. 

The  next  road,  in  point  of  time,  operated  from 
Minneapolis,  was  that  now  known  as  the  Iowa 
and  Minnesota  Division  of  the  Chicago,  ^Nlilwau- 
kee  and  St.  Paul,  the  first  record  of  which  is  a 
charter,  dated  March  1st,  1856,  to  the  Minneapo- 
lis and  Cedar  Valley  Railroad  Company,  organ- 
ized Octol>er  9,  1860.  Xame  changed  March  fi, 
1863,  to  Miimesota  Central  liailroad  Company. 
This  company  built  and  operated  the  road  and  re- 
ceived the  land  grant.  August  5th,  1867,  the 
main  part  of  the  line  was  transferred  to  the 
Milwaukee    and  St.    Paul    Railroad   Conii)any 


and  on  February  15th,  the  eleven  miles  south  of 
Austin  was  sold  to  the  same  corporation.  By  the 
terms  of  the  sale,  the  ]Minnesota  Central  Com- 
pany contintie  to  own  the  lands  granted  to  aid  in 
constructing  the  road.  All  Chicago,  IMihvaukee 
and  St.  Paul  trains  to  St.  Paul  and  Chicago,  were 
formerly  run  over  this  road  as  far  as  Mendota  but 
dining  the  year  1880,  a  double  track  short  line 
to  St.  Paul  was  constructed.  This  road  crosses 
the  Mississippi  at  Meeker's  Island,  three  miles 
below  the  falls,  on  a  magnificent  iron  bridge,  and 
was  opened  for  passenger  traflic  from  September 
6th  to  the  nth,  and  November  20th  it  was  per- 
manently opened  for  business.  The  same  year  a 
"cut-off,'"  extending  thirty  miles  south-west,  to 
connect  with  the  Hastings  and  Dakota  Railroad, 
was  built.  Extensive  shops,  employing  four 
hundred  men,  and  round-liouse,  are  located  at 
South  ilinneapolis.  The  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul  Company  generally  own  and  rmi 
their  own  sleeping  cars.  The  express  business  is 
done  by  the  American  and  United  States  express 
companies,  but  no  concessions  are  made  to  fast 
freight  lines. 

The  Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Railway  origi- 
nated in  a  charter  by  the  legislature  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  Minnesota  Marcli  3d,  18.')3,  as  the  Muine- 
sota  Western  Railroad  Company,  to  build  from 
some  point  on  the  St.  Croix  river  to  St.  Paul  and 
St.  Anthony,  thence  across  the  Mississippi  river 
to  the  western  boundary  of  the  state.  Tlie  name 
of  the  corporation  was  changed  by  vote  of  the 
board  of  directors,  May  27th,  1870,  to  the  Min- 
neapolis and  St.  Louis  Railway  Company,  and  in 
1871 ,  twenty-seven  miles  were  finished  to  Merriam 
Junction.  The  rofid  was  comiilcted  to  Albert 
Lea,  108  miles  November,  1877.  Tliis  company 
never  had  any  land  grant,  but  recieved  |2")il,000 
in  bonds  from  tlie  city  of  Minneapolis.  Tlicy  liavc 
a  permament  lease  of  the  MinneapoUs  and  Duluth 
Railroad,  and  a  lease  for  use  of  track  from  the  St. 
Panland  Duluth  Company.  The  general  offices 
and  shops  are  located  at  Minneapolis.  A\'ork  was 
commenced  on  the  Minneapolis  and  Diilutli  Road 
April,  1871,  and  August  loth  it  was  opened  for 
traffic. 

The  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  cliar- 
tered  by  congress  July  2d,  1864,  re-organized 
September  20th,  187"),  have  no  road  to  this  place, 
but  rim  their  trains  and  do  a  regular  business  in 


430 


HISTORY  OF  MEXXEPIN  COUNTY. 


connection  with  tlipir  main  line  by  a  lease  for 
ninety-nine  years  of  llie  Western  Railroad  of 
Minnesota,  60.5  miles,  and  a  permanent  contract 
witli  the  St.  Paul.  Minneaiiolis  and  Manitoba 
Company  for  the  use  of  their  track  from  St.  Paul 
to  Sauk  Rapids,  75.5  miles,  paying  for  this  pri\'i- 
lege  $411,000  per  amuim,  and  a  portion  of  expen- 
ses. The  Northern  Pacific  Company  do  their 
own  expre.«s  and  sleepinf;-car  business. 

The  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  ^linneapolis  and  Oma- 
ha Company  have  a  freight  depot  and  extensive 
yards  at  the  foot  of  Fourth  Avenue  north,  re- 
ceiving and  seniling  cars  over  the  Manitoba  line, 
having  no  road  in  Hennepin  county. 

The  Minneai)olis  and  Eastern  Railroad  was  in- 
cor)>orateil  June.  1H7S,  and  completed  in  the 
spring  of  1879.  It  is  used  jointly  by  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis  and  Omaha  companies  for  switching 
and  nimiing  cars  to  and  from  the  mills.  Cost, 
|17o.ooo.  for  about  two  miles  of  track. 

The  Lyndale  Railway  Company  was  organ- 
ized as  a  stock  company  imder  the  general 
laws  of  the  state,  the  object  being  the  construc- 
tion and  management  of  a  suburban  excursion 
line.  The  company  was  incorporated  in  June, 
1S78,  with  a  capital  stock  of  one  hundred 
thou.sand  dollars.  They  secured  the  right  of 
way.  and  May  10th.  1870,  commenced  the  con- 
stniction  of  tlie  line.  June  2Gth,  a  little  more 
tlian  one  niontli  after  the  commencement  of  op- 
erations, trains  were  rumnng  regularly  to  Lake 
Calhoun,  a  distance  of  four  miles  from  the  term- 
inus in  Miniieapiills.  Duiing  tlie  lirst  year,  over 
thn-e  hun<lri-d  thousand  people  were  carried  over 
this  line,  and  in  18K0  the  number  reached  three 
hundred  and  M-venty-live  thousand.  June,  1880, 
the  line  was  extended  to  Lake  Harriet.  The 
same  company  run  a  steamer  on  Lake  Calhoun  in 
connection  with  the  Lyndale  line.  'J'he  line  is 
e(|ui]i)ied  with  six  passenger  cars,  three  flat  cars, 
and  two  motors,  operating  four  anrl  a  lialf  miles 
of  road,  III!  cars  being  furnished  with  the  J'^ames 
varunm  brake.  At  Lake  Calhoun  are  sheds  for 
the  ears  and  motors  when  not  in  us*-,  also  cottages 
for  the  i-niployees  ami  their  families.  Trains 
Hlart  from  the  terminus,  comer  of  Hennepin  Av- 
enue and  First  stn-et,  an<l  from  the  corner  of 
\Va.sliingtonand  First  A  venues  south. making  trips 
regularly  every  hour  and  a  half,     liusiness  oflices 


of  the  comi)any  are  located  over  the  Northwestern 
National  Bank.  So  great  is  the  care  taken  in  the 
management  of  the  road,  tliat  there  has  never 
been  an  accident.  Property  along  the  whole  line 
has  greatly  advanced  in  value,  and  no  .streets  in 
the  city  show  more  new  buildings  than  those 
which  the  Lyndale  road  follows.  The  Miimea- 
polis  and  Lake  Park  Railway  is  projected,  and 
will  be  in  ojieration  August  1st.  1881.  This  Une 
extends  from  Minneapolis  to  Excelsior  and  Lake 
Park,  and  will  be  operated  in  connection  with  the 
Lyndale  road.  The  officers  of  the  road  are  as 
follows:  C.  W.  McCrory,  president;  R.  S.  Junes, 
secretary ;  S.  E.  Keller,  treasurer. 

The  Minneapolis  Street  Railway  was  incorpo-  • 
ated  June  24tli,  18";^;  incorporators,  D.  Morri- 
son, H.  .1.  .Mciidenhall.  W.  \V.  Eastman,  W.  D. 
AVashhuru,  \V.  P.  Westfall,  R.  B.  Langdon, 
William  S.  King.  J.  C.  Oswald.  W.  W.  Mc- 
Nair,  Paris  (iibson.  September  2d,  1875, 
the  road  was  ojjened  for  travel  and  the 
first  car  started.  Tlic  lirst  officers  were  Pliilo 
Osgood,  president;  Thomas  Lowry,  vice-presi- 
dent; William  S.  King,  secretary;  James  Tucker- 
man,  treasurer  and  superintendent.  The  com- 
pany have  at  present  eleven  and  a  half  miles  of 
track,  twenty-one  cars  and  150  horses,  giving  em- 
ployment to  about  one  hundred  men.  Plans  are 
made  for  al)oul  eleven  miles  of  additional  track, 
with  corresponding  increase  of  cars  and  horses, 
during  the  coming  season.  The  present  officers 
of  the  company  are  Thomas  l.,()wry,  president; 
Clinton  Morrison,  vice-president;  C.  G.  Goodrich 
Jr..  secretary;  W.  W.  Herrick,  treasurer:  T).  .\l- 
wood,  superintendent. 

INSfH.VSCli;   LOMI'AXIKS. 

Tlie  .Miniiesola  Fanners  Mnlu;il  Fire  Insurance 
Association.  The  incorporators  of  this  associa- 
tion were.  J.  P.  Phnunier.  R..I.  Mendenhall,  A. 
Chambers,  E.  W.  (irindall,  .1.  .\.  Coleman.  H.  U. 
Smilli  and  W.  W.  Woodward.  Tlie  organization 
was  perfected  July  15lli,  ISilo,  and  incorporated 
under  the  laws  of  the  slate.  The  present  assets 
amount  to  i?151.1KK.()1  ;  receipts  for  ISSO.  .■?;«,- 
IKt.aO;  exi)enses  i|!29,2.V).13;  liabilities  $15,810.89. 
This  is  exclusively  a  farmers  insurance  company, 
and  its  officers  and  members  are  scattered 
throughout  the  state.  Officers:  J. tj.  Farmer,  presi- 
dent; Ole  Peterson,  vice-president;  W.  A.  Nim- 


INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 


431 


ocks;  secretary;  C.  A.  Nimocks,  deputy  secretary; 
C.  McC.  Reeve,  treasurer. 

Millers  and  Manufacturers  ^Mutual  Fire  Insur- 
ance Company  of  Minneapolis.  Tliis  company 
was  organized  and  incorporated  under  tlie  laws 
of  the  state  in  Febuary,  1S81,  willi  the  followhig 
oflScers  :  E.  Y.  White,  president;  II.  :M.  Carpen- 
ter, vice-president;  V.  G.  Hush,  treasurer;  C.  B. 
Shove,  secretary;  directors :  E.  Y.  "White,  II.  M. 
Carpenter,  James  A.  Lovejoy,  D.  M.  Gilmore,  E. 
R.  Barber,  C.  J.  Martin,  R.  P.  Russell,  Charles 
E.  Holt,  V.  G.  Hush,  C.  B.  Shove,  D.  M.  Sabin, 
W.  P.  Brown,  George  W.  Newell.  John  T.  Ames, 
H.  G.  Page. 

The  Masonic  Mutual  Aid  Association.  This 
association  was  incorporated  June  IGtli,  1877,  and 
the  following  were  its  officers:  J.  11.  Thomp- 
son, president ;  Charles  Reeve,  treasurer ;  E.  A. 
Gove,  secretary;  A.  H.  Salisbury,  M.  D.,  medical 
director.  The  pmpose  is  to  provide  for  tlie  pay- 
ment of  a  sum  of  money  to  the  widow,  cliildren 
mother  or  assigns  of  deceased  members.  The  sum 
paid  is  levied  on  the  smTiving  members  in  accord- 
ance with  by-laws,  which  distribute  the  amounts 
to  be  raised  equitably  among  the  surviving  mem- 
bers. The  present  offlcersof  the  company  are:  J. 
H.  Thompson,  president ;  D.  M.  Goodwin,  vice- 
president  ;  Charles  Reeve,  treasurer ;  E.  McDer- 
mott,  secretary;  A.  H.  Salisbury,  medical  ex- 
aminer. 

Firemen's  Life  Association  of  the  State  of 
Minnesota.  This  institution  was  organized  and 
incorporated  February  2d,  1876,  for  the  purpose 
of  furnishing  life  insurance  to  the  members  of  Are 
departments  throughout  the  state  of  Mimiesota, 
and  is  a  mutual  benefit  association.  The  board 
of  directors  consists  of  one  for  every  twenty  mem- 
bers. The  election  of  officers  occurs  annually. 
The  board  meets  at  their  office,  corner  of  Second 
street  and  Third  Avenue  north,  on  the  second 
Tuesday  in  each  month.  Officers:  R.  O.  Strong, 
president ;  W.  M.  Brackett,  secretary;  Frank 
Brewer,  treasurer. 

The  Widows"  and  Orphans"  Protective  Associa- 
tion. This  association  was  organized  November 
16th,  1879,  and  incorporated  under  tlie  general 
laws  of  the  state.  The  purpose  of  the  association 
is  indicated  by  its  name  and  it  conducts  its  busi- 
ness in  accordance  with  mutual  principles,  mak- 
ing assessments,  upon  the  death  of  members,  in 


accordance  with  the  terms  of  certificates  issued. 
The  membership  is  rapidly  increasing;  no  deaths 
among  its  members  have  yet  occurred.  Officers: 
C.  A.  Pillsbury,  president ;  O.  C.  Jilerriman,  vice- 
president;  E.  McDermott.  secretary;  Charles 
Reeve,  treasurer ;  A.  H.  Salsibury,  M.  D.,  medi- 
cal director ;  P.  M.  Babcock,  attorney. 

The  North-western  Relief  Association.  The 
first  meeting  for  the  organization  of  the  North- 
western Relief  Association  was  held  April  28th, 
1880,  when  articles  of  association  were  approved. 
April  30th,  following,  the  organization  was  per- 
fected and  incorporated  under  the  general  laws 
of  the  state  of  iliunesota.  The  affairs  of  the 
association  are  imder  the  control  of  a  board  of 
nine  directors.  The  otijects  of  the  association 
are  mutual  aid  to  families  of  deceased  mem- 
bers and  mutual  aid  to  members  in  physical  dis- 
tress, furnishing  iusuraiice  at  as  near  actual  cost 
as  possible.  The  ofhcers  at  present  are:  C.  M. 
Loring,  president ;  A.  C.  Rand,  vice  president ; 
R.  W.  Laing,  secretary;  C.  McC.  Reeve,  treas- 
urer; L.  Loring,  acting  manager;  W.  I).  Law- 
rence, medical  director. 


CHAPTER  LXVIII. 

TELEGRAPH     AND     TELKPIIOXK     C'OjrPANIES 

LOAN  ASSOCIATIONS—MILITARY  COMPANIES 
— ACJRICULTURAL  .SOCIETY — MEDICAL  SOCIE- 
TIES— ATHENAEUM. 

When  the  North-western  Telegrai)h  Company 
first  projected  its  lines  to  Miiincapdlis,  it  opened 
its  office  in  St.  Anthony,  and  afterward  in  a  room 
over  R.  J.  Baldwin's  bank  on  bridge  Square.  In 
February,  180(5,  L.  C.  Robertson  took  charge  of 
the  business,  in  Daytoifs  block,  now  St.  James 
hotel,  in  a  room  also  occupied  by  the  Minnesota 
Central  Railway  Company.  At  this  time  the 
company  seriously  contemplated  closing  tlic  office 
as  unprofitable,  the  monthly  receipts  lieing  only 
$140.  The  commci'cial  and  railroad  l)usiness 
was  transacted  over  one  line,  in  one  office,  and 
required  but  one    operator,  and  no  messenger 


432 


inSTOIiY  OF  HEXAEriN  couyiY. 


boys.  Tlie  line  extended  from  St.  Paul  to  Fari- 
bault, via  Mlnneaiwlis.  Wlien  tlie  Mimie.sota 
Central  Railway  built  tbeir  depot  in  1868,  they 
provided  rooms  for  general  offices,  and  tlie  rail- 
road and  foniniereial  telcfjrai>li  business  were 
separated,  the  latter  going  into  the  Warner  block, 
op))ositethe  Nicollet,  and  thence  into  the  city  hall 
liuildlng.  where  it  now  remains.  Here  are  em- 
ployed eleven  operators,  two  chiefs  and  the  man- 
ager. The  company's  lines  extend  all  over  the 
north-west,  and  the  receipts  of  this  oflice  for  one 
month  in  IHsn.  were  $4,700. 

Telephones  were  lii'sl  introduced  in  this  state 
in  1877,  by  R.  II.  Ilankinson,  who  had  been  ap- 
pointed exclusive  agent  of  the  I?ell  Telephone 
Company  for  Minnesota  and  Dakota.  The  first 
line  built  was  that  of  the  Monitor  I'low  Works, 
connecting  the  factory  and  oflices.  In  December, 
1878,  Mr.  Ilankinson  organized  the  Xorthwestern 
Telephone  Kxchange  Coinpaiiy.  which  imniedi- 
aUdy  established  the  exi'hangeat  .Minneapolis and 
St.  Paid,  and  opened  in  March  following  with 
lifty-three  sul)scribers  in  Minneajiolis  and  thirty- 
seven  in  St.  Paul.  The  lirst  ollicers  elected  were: 
Jolin  Wat.son.  president;  R.  11.  Ilankinson,  vice- 
president  and  general  manager:  F.  IJ.  Jilson. sec- 
retary ;  L.  M.  Towne,  treasiner.  The  jiresent 
officers  are  :  II.  ,M.  ('ari>enler.  president:  John 
Watson,  vice-president  and  general  manager:  F. 
1  J.  Jilson,  secretary  ;  C.  H.  Prior,  treasurer;  L. 
M.  Towne,  auditor.  During  1880,  exchanges 
were  established  in  Stillwater,  Winona  and  Dn- 
luth,  and  others  will  Iw  started  during  the  pres- 
ent M'ason.  The  inunl)er  of  subscribers  in  Min- 
nea|K>lis  at  present  is  live  liun<lreil  an<l  lifly,  and 
in  Hennepin  county  l.OdO  instruments  are  in  use. 
In  .Minnes<^)ta  and  Dakota  li.iJOO  arc  used,  and  the 
nundier  is  constantly  increasing. 

Ilennejiin  County  Catholic  Ruilding  and  Loan 
Aswwialion,  limited  to  twenty  years,  was  incor- 
porated August  IKth,  1874.  The  object  is  tx>  ac- 
cunndale  a  fund  from  (he  savings  of  its  inenibcrs 
with  which  toiiurcha.si' real  estate,  build  ri'siden- 
cf»,  and  invest  in  such  other  channels  as  may  be 
deemed  atlvisable.  Tlie  first  issue  of  stock  was 
llniil4Ml  tfi  1. •VHP  shares,  payable  in  monthly  in- 
HtallmenlH  tif  fl.u'i;  this  nunilM>r  has  been 
inrreuHcd  to  2.2un.  The  original  officers  were: 
president,  Matthew  Walsh;  secretary.  1).  I>. 
Toner;  treasurer,  J.  F.  O'Neill;  managers  for  a 


term  of  live  year-s.  M.  W.  Glenn,  B.  McElroy 
and  P.  J.  Callaghan;  for  two  years,  John  Fewer, 
M.  Kennedy  and  M.  W.  Nash;  for  cue  year,  M. 
Hoy.  Stephen  Cody  and  W.  E.  Nannary.  Meet- 
ings began  August  2(lth,  1874,  and  are  licld  on 
the  first  Thursday  after  the  loth  day  of  each 
month,  until  every  share  shall  end  and  be  deter- 
mined. The  present  otlicers  are:  JI.  Walsh, 
president;  John  .McCiovern.  first  vice-iuesident; 
John  Fewer,  second  vice-president;  Peter  Mc- 
Cormick.  secretary;  J.  C.  Scallon,  assistant  secre- 
tary. Wm.  McMiillen,  treasurer;  managers,  first 
section.  M.  W.  Xash,  John  Fewer  and  John 
Hayes;  second  section,  Michael  More,  James 
CuUen  and  J.  C.  Scallon;  third  section,  J.  P. 
Courtney,  li.  Mmiso  and  Thomas  Mulcaley;  stew- 
ards, J.  Lahly.  James  Sweeny  and  John  .McEl- 
roy; attorney,  J.  T.  Burns. 

Mechanics"  and  Workingmen's Loan  and  Build- 
ing .Vssociation.  organized  September  "tli.  1.S74. 
The  price  per  share  of  t)ie  stock  is  ¥2oo.  and  when 
it  started  live  hundred  were  ininiediately  taken. 
In  February  the  number  of  shares  taken  was  1,- 
2o0.  The  association  now  issues  semi-annual  series 
of  shares,  in  Manh  and  September.  Thisconwra- 
tion  has  for  its  ol)ject  the  investment  in  lands 
and  residences,  of  the  savings  of  its  members. 
Meetings  are  held  the  second  Tuesday  of  each 
month,  ill  the  board  of  trade  rooms  in  the  city 
hall.  Tlic  present  ollicers  are,  president,  S.  L. 
Brearly;  secrclaiy.  ().  M.  Larawav;  treasurer,  F. 
S.  .McDonald;  attorney,  Charles  Robinson.  The 
managers  are.  AV.  II.  Stickney,  C.  N.  Boardman, 
F.  .M.  Dunn.  Ralph  Rees,  W.  .M.  Tweedie.  Selah 
.Matthews,  A.  J.  Hart.  John  Walker  and  J.  J. 
JefTi'iy. 

The  Minneaiiolis  .Mutual  Hcnclit  Building  A.s- 
sociatioii  was  iiicoriunatecl  in  Janiiarv .  1874,  for 
the  acciiinulation  of  a  fund,  by  the  savings  of  the 
members,  for  purchasing  of  real  estate  and  build- 
ing of  residences  and  such  nthcr  investments  as 
may  be  decided  upon.  The  cai>ital  slock  was 
liist  lixed  at  ;i..')(lo  shares,  with  power  to  increase 
the  same  from  tiuic  lo  linic.  The  lirst  meeting 
was  lield  on  January  ;tlst.  and  the  regular  meet- 
ings have  been  held  every  fourth  Satunlay 
since.  The  present  officers  are  president.  H.  E. 
Grimshaw:  secretary,  W.P.  Northway;  treasurer, 
().  .M.  Laraway :  attorney.  (}.  W.  Cliowen. 

The  'I'urneis'  IJiiildiiig  .\ssociation  was  organ- 


MILITARY  COMPANIES. 


433 


ized  in  September,  1877,  held  their  first  meeting 
October  5th,  and  filed  their  articles  of  incorpora- 
tion, October  lOth,  following.  The  first  officers 
were, George  Thele,  president;  Herman  Ilein,  vice- 
president;  J.  Monasch,  secretary  :  William  Mas- 
solt,  treasurer ;  Anton  Grethen,  attorney.  The 
first  issue  of  stock  amounted  to  868  shares;  since 
then  four  series  have  been  made,  amounting  in 
all  to  3,-140  shares,  670  of  which  have  been  with- 
drawn. 

MINING  COMP.XXIES. 

The  Bristol  Silver  Mining  Company  was  or- 
ganized December  2d,  1879,  with  a  capital  of 
$50,000,  and  the  first  officers  were  George  II. 
Keith,  president;  Frank  A.  Lewis,  vice-presi- 
dent; K.  J.  Baldwin,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
The  capital  has  been  increased  to  1200,000,  and 
the  officers  are  unchanged  excepting  secretary 
and  treasurer,  who  now-  are  F.  Hughes  and  W. 
D.  Hale.  •  The  mines  are  in  Lincoln  county,  Ne- 
vada. 

The  Lincoln  Mining  Company  was  organized 
in  October,  1880,  with  a  capital  of  |2.50,(K)0. 
The  mines  are  in  Lincoln  county,  Nevada.  The 
officers  are  Wm.  Windom,  president;  C.  C.  Jones, 
%'iee-president;  II.  M.  Goodhue,  secretary;  E.  S. 
Jones,  treasurer;  G.  J.  Goodhue,  manager. 

The  Arizona  Northern  Mining  Company  was 
organized  in  March,  1880,  with  a  capital  of  $70,- 
000.  They  own  the  "Cerbat,"  "Connor"  and 
"Snovvflake"  mines  in  Mohave  county,  Arizona, 
and  are  rapidly  developing  them.  The  officers 
are:  Antliony  Kelly,  president;  R.  J.  Baldwin, 
secretary;  T.  S.  King,  assistant  secretary;  J.  K. 
Sidle,  treasurer. 

The  ^Minneapolis  Gas  Light  Company  was  or- 
ganized February  24th,  1870,  with  I).  Morrison, 
president;  W.  P.  Westfall,  treasurer ;  George  II. 
Rust,  Secretary ;  and  a  board  of  directors  con- 
sisting of  D.  MoiTison,  W.  F.  Westfall,  II.  S. 
Southard,  S.  C.  Gale  and  F.  S.  Gilson.  The  com- 
pany has  continually  extended  its  gas  mains,  and 
now  has  twenty-five  miles  laid  in  tlie  various 
streets  of  the  city.  The  present  officers  are : 
A.  C.  Rand,  president;  II.  W.  Brown,  superin- 
tendent ;  A.  T.  Rand,  secretary.  The  office 
is  at  No.  413  Nicollet  Avenue. 

The  North-western  Globe  Gaslight  Company 

was  incorjjorated  in  1877,  witli  a  capital  of  SlOO,- 

000.    Its  object  is  to  Ught  private  grounds  and 
28 


streets  with  gasoline.  The  business  is  extensive, 
sixty  per  cent,  of  the  city  being  lighted  by  this 
process.  The  officers  are  Dorilus  Morrison, 
president;  A.  M.  Reid,  vice  president;  S.  A. 
Harris,  secretary  and  treasurer,  G.  A.  March, 
general  manager.  The  directors  are  D.  Morri- 
son, A.  M.  Reid.  S.  A.  Harris,  W.  W.  McNair 
and  G.  A.  March. 

The  Minneapolis  Light  Infantry  was  organ- 
ized in  July.  1879,  and  sworn  Into  state  service 
October  9,  following,  by  S.  A.  Sims,  mustering 
ofticer.  The  company  had  at  that  time  a  mem- 
bership of  thirty-two  persons,  and  the  highest 
officer  was  second  lieutenant,  to  which  place  Mr. 
Sims  was  elected,  and  F.  B.  Moore  was  chosen 
orderly  sergeant.  In  December  the  number  of 
officers  was  increased,  Mr.  Sims  elected  first 
lieutenant  and  W.  L.  Eldred,  second.  At  this 
time  tliey  received  fifty  breech-loading  Spring- 
field rides,  and  fatigue  equipments.  In  Febru- 
ary, 1880,  the  office  of  captain  was  created  and 
J.  P.  Rea  elected.  In  October,  1880,  they  re- 
ceived twenty-five  more  rifles  and  e(iuipments 
from  the  state.  During  the  summer  season  the 
company  meets  in  squads  for  rifle  practice  on 
their  range  in  the  East  Division.  The  present 
officers  are  captain,  J.  P.  Rea;  first  lieutenant, 
S.  A.  Sims ;  second  lieutenant,  G.  M.  Naylor ; 
orderly  sergeant,  F.  S.  Barnard;  second  sergeant, 
J.  G.  Rogers,  third  sergeant  and  (piarter-master, 
Perry  Harrison ;  fourth  sergeant,  E.  D.  Hill ; 
color  sergeant,  d'B.  O.  Scott ;  corporals,  E.  L. 
Lockwood,  A.  Baker,  C.  Langdon,  and  F.  L. 
Foote.  The  officers  of  the  civil  organization  are, 
J.  P.  Rea,  president;  G.  M.  Naylor,  vice-presi- 
dent; F.  W.  Greene,  recording  secretary ;  Wil- 
liam Wright,  financial  secretary;  E.  L.  Goddard, 
treasurer.  The  first  child  l)orn  after  the  organi- 
zation of  the  regiment  was  a  daughter  of  N.  F. 
Warner.  This  child,  Mary  E.  Warner,  born  May 
23d,  1880,  was,  on  the  2oth  of  the  same  mouth, 
adopted  as  the  "Daugliter  of  tlie  Hegimcnt." 

The  Minneapolis  Zouave  corps  of  the  Minne- 
sota Natioual  Guards,  was  formerly  the  Knights 
of  Pytliias  drill  corps,  but  organized  iudepcud- 
ent  of  that  order,  February  14th,  1880,  and 
was  mustered  into  state  service  on  the  24th,  of 
the  same  month.  Tlie  officers  are  A.  A.  Ames, 
captain;  (J.  R.  Seatoii,  first  lieutenant;  L.  Y,.  Har- 
rison, second  lieutenant;  C.  B.  Case,  orderly  ser- 


434 


HISTORY  OF  HENNUPJN  COV^TY. 


geant:  Mr.  Harrison  resigned  January  otli,  1881. 
and  AllM'rt  Mar.sli  wa.s  promoted  to  his  place. 
Wlien  mustered  into  service,  the  corps  numbered 
thirty-six  men  liesides  the  odicers.  and  now  lias 
seventy-live  and  a  drumcoqis  of  seventeen  mem- 
Ijere.  Tlie  intention  is  to  fonn  the  corps  into  an 
infantiT  and  cavalrj-  compaiix'.  and  liattei\  with 
two  jiieces. 

ilinnesota  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Asso- 
ciation. The  oflicei-s  are  :  AVm.  S.  King,  presi- 
dent; Charles  II.  ("larke,  secretary.  A'alentine  G. 
Hush,  treasurer:  and  an  advisory  board  com- 
ix)sed  of  AVm.  \V.  Fohvell.  Trcsident  University 
of  Minnesota,  chairman:  Hon.  I).  L.  Buell,  Hous- 
ton county:  .lames  Arclier.  Ilcniiejiin  county:  J. 
C.  Ka.ston,  Fillmore  county,  lJavi<l  L.  IIow,  Scott 
county;  H.  F.  Morse,  Winona  county;  Hon.  Jolin 
F.  Meagher.  Ulue  Earth  county;  lion.  J.  P. 
Hahill\ .  Waliaslia  county:  (ien.  James  II.  Baker, 
JJlne  Earth  county;  ("ol.  W.  II.  Feller.  Wabasha 
county;  Hon.  E.  S.  Urown,  Washington  county; 
Hon.  J.  A.  Thatcher,  Goodhue  county;  Hon. 
Knute  Nelson.  Douglass  county;  Hon.  Jarcd Ben- 
son. Anoka  county;  Hon.  T.  C.  McClure,  Stearns 
county.  This  a.ssociation  organized  in  the  season 
of  1S77.  hasbecoine  thunniglily  idcntilied  with  the 
interests  of  not  only  .Miiiiieaiiolis  and  Minnesota, 
but  of  the  entire  north-west.  Its  efforts  in  the 
direction  of  laying  before  the  imblic.  the  vast 
resources  of  the  north-west,  as  demonstrated  in 
the  un(|ualifled  success  of  its  annual  fairs  and  ex- 
l>ositions,  have  been  largely  conducive  to  the  gen- 
eral interests  of  Minneapolis,  in  that,  large  gath- 
erings of  people  from  all  jiarts  of  tlie  I'nited 
Stiites,  are  lieic  brought  face  to  face  with  west- 
ern and  ]iarticularly  Minnesota  energy  and  ent«r- 
pris<'.  The  icsulls  shown  from  year  to  year,  thus 
far.  in  the  improvement  of  slock  and  luachinery. 
and  in  the  genei-al  growing  si)irit  of  ennilation. 
proves  (he  value  of  such  a  stimuhis  as  this  or- 
ganization. The  management  disbuiscs annually 
for  exi)enseB  and  in  premiums  not  less  than  forty 
thousand  dollars,  has  always  |iaid  its  lia- 
bilities, and  aims  to  keep  not  only  pace  with 
the  general  growth,  but  a  place  at  the  front,  in 
the  rapid  and  wonderful  jirosperity  of  the  coun- 
try. With  an  advisory  iKiard  made  up  of  well 
known  and  represenlative  men,  local<'(l  in  clifTer- 
eiit  parts  of  the  sljite.  the  executive  control  of 
its  afTaint  rest  solely  intliu  bunds  <if  the  president. 


AVm.  S.  King,  and  .secretiiry.  Charles  H.  Clarke. 
Patriotism  and  public  spirit  alone,  actuate,  and  a 
desire  to  forward  the  march  of  improvement, 
alone  rules.  The  association  so  far  may  be  said 
to  have  i)aid  its  own  way.  only  a  conipaiatively 
small  .sum.  conuiicnsunitc  w  itli  the  large  outlay, 
having  been  contributed  oi'  donated.  The  atten- 
dance at  the  annual  gatlicrings  approximate  lOtl,- 
000  people  that  come  from  a  distance,  the  city 
of  St.  Paul  by  its  close  proximity,  and  frequent 
railroad  connection,  receiving  its  full  share 
of  the  immediate  patronage  of  so  large  an 
attendance.  This  association  was  not  organized 
with  a  view  of  taking  the  place  of  any  similar 
organization  already  in  existence,  but  solely  inde- 
pendent, with  a  settled  location  to  grow  and  ac- 
cumulate witli  -Minneapolis. 

The  Ilalineniann  Medical  Society  of  IIcnnei)in 
county.  Minnesota,  was  organized  September  billi, 
1872,  and  was  the  result  of  an  informal  meeting 
of  the  homawpathic  physicians  of  the  city,  held  in 
Dr.  W.  11.  Leonard's  oflice,  September  2d  of  that 
year.  A  constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted 
and  signed  by  Drs.  D.  M.  (ioodwin,  W.  II.  Leon- 
ard, G.  T.  Flanders,  T.  R.  Huntington,  M.  H. 
Wallens.  and  Petrus  Nelson.  Dr.  Huntington 
died  in  Marcli.  IS":!.  The  membersliip  of  the  so- 
ciety continufd  to  grow  rajiidlv .  and  during  the 
eight  years  of  its  existence  the  following  events 
of  importance  have  occurred  :  In  Ainil.  I.s7."), 
a  medical  fee-bill  was  established,  regulating  the 
charges  of  the  society  ;  a  joint  committee  of  both 
the  homcpopatbic  and  alo]iatliic  schools  met  and 
agreed  on  the  rates  which  they  should  charge.  In 
May,  18S0,  the  joint  committee  nu't  and  drew  up 
a  schedule,  fixing  the  rates  for  certaiu  surgical 
o])erations.  The  same  month,  a  plan  was  formed 
foi-  the  estal)lishment  nf  a  free  dispensary,  where 
the  jiodr  might  secure  such  lucdical  aid  as  they 
stand  in  need  of.  The  result  was  tliat  it  was 
ojiencd  in  Cottage  llosi)ital.  About  I,.)()0  |)eo])le, 
who  were  unable  to  pay  for  medicinVs,  have  been 
treated,  nearly  3,ooo  prescriptions  have  been  put 
up,  and  about  300  families,  who  were  unable  to 
apply  personally  at  the  dispensary,  have  been 
visited.  The  ollicers  of  the  society  are :  A.  A. 
Camp,  president;  M.  L.  Swain,  vice-president; 
A.  J.  Hut<-binson.  secretary  and  treasurer:  D. 
M.  Goodwin.  \.  K.  Iligbee.  and  W.  II.  Leonard, 
censors.     .Mmithlv  meetings  are  held. 


ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCE— ATHEN^VM. 


435 


The  Union  Medical  Society  was  organized  early 
in  1856,  with  A.  E.  Ames,  president ;  C.  L.  An- 
derson, vice-president ;  Dr.  Wlieelock.  secretary ; 
C.  W.  Le'Boutillier.  treasurer.  Among  the  old 
members  were  Drs.  A.  E.  Ames,  C.  L.  Anderson, 
Wlieelock,  C.  W.  Be'Boutillier,  A.  E.  Johnson,  W. 
H.  Leonard,  Loewenberg,  A.  Ortman,  Ward, 
A.  J.  White  and  W.  D.  Dilib.  Of  tliese,  Drs. 
Johnson,  Leonard  and  Ortman  remain;  the  rest 
are  dead,  or  have  removed  from  this  city.  June 
7th,  1870,  the  society  re-organized  as  the  Henne- 
pin County  Medical  Societv,  with  Drs.  A.  E. 
Ames,  and  X.  B.  Hill,  lioth  since  deceased,  as 
president  and  vice-president.  The  present  offi- 
cers iire.  O.  J.  Evans,  president ;  C.  L.  AVells, 
vice-president;  A.  ('.  Fairbairn,  secretary:  W. 
Miller,  treasurer ;  W.  A.  Hamilton,  librarian. 
The  meetings  are  held  the  first  and  third  ^Mondays 
of  eacli  month,  at  places  designated  l)efore  ad- 
journment. 

Minnesota  Academy  of  Xatural  Sciences.  The 
initiatory  step  to  the  formation  of  this  instituion 
which  has  for  several  years  maintained  an  un- 
ostentatious Init  not  unproductive  activity  in  our 
midst,  was  taken  on  January  4th,  1873,  when  a 
number  of  gentlemen  gathered  in  the  office  of 
Dr.  Johnson,  to  discuss  the  feasibility  of  forming 
a  societj',  having  for  its  object,  '•  The  cultivation 
of  Natural  Science  in  general,  and  especially  tlie 
sciences  of  Geologj'  and  Archaeology."  Prof. 
E.  W.  B.  ILarvey  was  elected  chairman,  and  Dr. 
Charles  Simpson,  secretarj'.  It  was  resolved  to 
incorporate  a  society  under  the  general  law,  with 
the  above  name,  and  a  committee  consisting  of 
Charles  Simpson,  E.  W.  B.  Harvey,  and  A.  E. 
Johnson,  was  appointed  to  frame  the  articles  of 
incorporation  which  were  more  fully  discussed 
at  the  next  meeting,  at  which  time  the  first  offi- 
cers of  the  academy  were  elected  as  follows: 
president,  A.  E.  Johnson  ;  vice  president,  S.  C. 
Gale  ;  secretary',  Charles  Simpson  ;  correspond- 
ing secretary,  A.  E.  Ames ;  treasmer.  E.  W.  B. 
Harvey;  trustees,  Paris  Gibson,  C.  E.  Rogers, 
W.  IL  Leonard,  A.  F.  Elliot,  O.  V.  Tousley, 
and  :M.  D.  Stoneman.  From  this  time  onward 
there  has  been  a  gradual  increase  in  numbers 
and  interest,  so  that  the  rolls  now  show  about 
fifty  members  in  place  of  the  eleven  charter  mem- 
bers. The  earlier  meetings  of  the  aca<lemy  were 
held  in  the  office  of  Dr.  Jolinson,  but  in  Novem- 


ber of  1875,  the  academy  removed  to  the  west 
side  and  was  installed  in  commodious  rooms  in 
Centre  block,  214  Nicollet  Avenue.  The  muse- 
ums, which  are  chietly  dependent  upon  occa- 
sional donations,  have  assumed  respectable  jno- 
portions,  notably  in  the  direction  of  ornithology 
through  the  labors  of  Dr.  Hatch  and  otliers ; 
valuable  contributions  to  the  mineralogical  and 
entomological  cabinets  were  also  secured,  while 
tlie  library  contains  a  large  number  of  valuable 
government  reports,  and  proceedings  of  various 
scientific  societies.  The  academy  has,  from  time 
to  time,  pulilished  bulletins  containing  not  only 
interesting  discussions  of  living  scientific  ipies- 
tions,  but  the  results  of  extensive  original  investi- 
gation. It  has  also  proven  its  public  spirited- 
ness  by  securing  the  senicesof  eminent  platform 
speakers.  Within  a  short  time  it  has  been  found 
expedient  to  divide  the  academy  into  sections, 
for  purposes  of  co-operative  investigation  and 
study,  each  section  forming  an  organic  part  of 
the  academy.  During  the  early  part  of  1881, 
a  protracted  session  of  the  academy  was  held  at 
which  papers  by  scientific  men  from  different 
sections  of  the  country  were  read.  To  tliis  course 
of  lectures  and  essays  the  general  public  was  in- 
vited, and  responded  largely.  Thus  began  an 
era  of  broader  influences  for  the  institution,  and 
it  took  its  place  among  the  educational  infiuences 
of  the  state. 

Mimieapolis  Athena-um.  Early  in  the  spring 
of  1859,  it  was  announced  that  Bayard  Taylor 
would  visit  tlie  north-west  and  would  lecture  be- 
fore any  literary  society  or  library  association 
that  would  pay  his  expenses,  the  balance  of  the 
receipts  to  be  applied  to  the  benefit  of  sucli  as- 
sociation. \  few  of  the  citizens  met  togetlier  at 
the  office  of  Nicholas  (lie  Cliarlton  and  resolved  to 
organize  a  library  association.  A  committee 
was  appointed  to  draw  articles  of  incorporation. 
Tliey  reported  on  the  istli  of  May,  is.jit,  tliat  it 
was  not  expedient  to  draft  articles  of  incorpora- 
tion, liut  recommendid  lliat  the  "constitution  of 
the  Young  Men's  Library  Association"  be,  and  it 
was  adopted,  and  the  oHiccrs  elected.  May  L'otli, 
1859,  Mr.  Taylor  delivered  liis  lecture,  the  proceeds 
of  wliich  amounted  to  one  hundred  and  forty-one 
dollars  and  seventy-five  cents.  Fifty-eiglit  dol- 
lars and  twenty-five  cents  were  paid  to  Mr.  Tay- 
lor, and  tlie  balance  was  received  by  the  associa- 


436 


HTSTOBY  OF  H£N2\^EPIN  COUNTY. 


tion.  The  name  •■.Miime:ii>olis  Athena'uru"  was 
adopted;  it  wiis  tlioujjht  best  that  the  society 
should  be  a  i-hartered  corporation,  and  public 
notice  was  jriven  tlial  a  nieetin>r  would  be  held 
on  Januan  3d.  l>s<)(i,  to  take  measures  to  procure 
a  charter.  A  draft  of  a  chai-ter  was  made  and 
sent  to  Jes.se  IJishop  to  be  presented  to  the  legis- 
lature for  eiia<-traeiit,  but  was  refused,  as  it  was 
unconstitutional  to  grant,  and  also  unnecessar>-, 
as  there  was  a  provision  under  the  general  stat- 
utes for  the  organization  of  scientific  and  educa- 
tional S(K'ieties,  including  libraries.  During  the 
summer  of  ISGo,  the  lot  on  which  the  Athemcum 
builduig  now  stands,  was  purchased  for  $1,500, 
and  the  structure  erected  in  lS(i6.  suliscriptions  to 
the  amount  of  ?10,t;!(3.98  being  received  for  that 
purpose.  1)T.  Kirby  Siiencer,  who  died  March 
10th,  1S70.  a  shareholder  and  staunch  friend  of 
the  Athena'um.  left  a  fund  of  about  ?4o.000 
which  yields  an  income  of  |:i,0()()  annually,  to  be 
invested  S()lely  in  books  for  tlie  library.  The  li- 
brary is  valued  at  between  $18,000  and  $20,000, 
and  consists  of  about  ii.OOO  volumes,  besides 
which  are  received  forty  magazines  and  lifteen 
weekly  and  daily  newspapers.  The  present  offi- 
cers are:  J.  E.  Hell,  president:  R.W.  Laing.  vice- 
president:  AV.  H.  llinkle,  secretary:  C.  ilcC. 
Reeve,  treasurer;  T.  U.  Walker,  C.  A.  Hovey  and 
II.  ('•.  O.  Morrison,  directors. 


rilAPTEB  LXIX. 

KDrCATIONAL— ri'IlLIC   SCHOOLS — rNIVKIiSITV 

—  MACALESTKK   COLLKOK— PHIVATE  SCHOOLS 
— IIUSINKSSCOLLI'XIKS— AtUlsnt'IUl  SKMINAKY 

—  KINI>KH(lAltTKN  SCHOOLS. 

The  educational  sysl<'m  of  Minneapolis  is  justly 
A  source  of  satisfaction  and  pride  to  the  citizens. 
It  consists  of  publii'  graded  wliools.  providing  a 
counw  of  iiistrui'tjon  prcjiaratory  to  the  I'liiver- 
sily,  private  scIkmiIs.  supplementary  to  these,  and 
Anally  the  Vniversity  and  theologlral  Seminaries. 
However  jierfwt  tlii-  system  of  public  schools 
may  Im.-.  «  Held  is  always  open  for  private  institu- 


tions, more  especially  for  families  of  wealth,  whose 
children  can  be  afforded  higher  culture  in  what 
are  called  the  ornamental  branches.  In  the  lower 
grades  of  education  a  similar  demand  is  found 
in  all  towns,  even  umler  our  democratic  govern- 
ment. These  wants  are  supplied  in  Minneapolis 
by  several  institutions  that  rank  high  in  the  es- 
timate of  their  i)alrons.  The  gicat  demand, 
however,  will  always  be  for  what  the  Germans 
call  the  "  bread  and  butter  sciences,"  by  which 
term  they  intend  those  branches  of  education 
that  are  immediately  convertible  to  practical  use, 
by  means  of  which  a  man  may  secure  more  ele- 
vating employment  and  command  higher  wages. 
It  has  long  ceased  to  be  a  matter  of  pride  to 
know  how  to  read  and  write,  but  it  is  a  positive 
disgrace  not  to  know  how;  so  the  voice  of  the 
people,  more  potent  than  any  state  law  on  the 
subject,  compels  the  education  of  all  children,  at 
least  in  the  primary  branches.  Primary  educa- 
tion is  a  'sine  qua  non"  in  the  struggle  for  exis- 
tence; above  the  iirimary,  branches  more  or  less 
liberal  in  the  regard  to  the  true  function  of  edu- 
cation usually  operate  to  the  discouragement  by 
the  public  of  the  more  libera!  branches  taught  in 
the  high  schools  of  the  country.  When  all  vote 
and  all  feel  at  liberty  and  consider  themselves 
quiilified  to  pass  judgment  on  plans  and  methods 
of  education,  it  is  not  strange  that  differences  in 
opinion  exist.  The  higher  the  culture  of  the 
critic,  the  more  ready  he  is  to  admit  that  there  is 
no  science  of  education,  and  it  must  remain  em- 
pyrical  mitil  a  superior  of  Edison  shall  ari.se,  who 
can  lake  brains  ujion  his  exi)erinicnlal  table,  lo- 
cate tlic  mind  itself  and  each  of  its  faculties,  ex- 
l)lain  the  subtle  relation  l>ct ween  it  and  matter, 
and  sliow  a  course  of  training  by  which  each  in- 
dividual faculty  can  be  cultivated,  dcveloiwd  or 
even  created.  Fortunately  for  .Minneapolis,  its 
educational  interests  liavc  fallen  into  the  hands 
of  high  uiindiMl  and  cultivated  men,  wliose  liberal 
views  have  extended  beyond  the  limited  range  of 
the  ordinary  critic.  Eortunately,  too,  business 
has  so  engi'ossed  those,  who  niiglit  otherwise  be 
intrusive  ciilics.  tliat  greater  progress  in  the  right 
direction  lias  taken  place  in  llic  school  system 
than  uonlil  lia\c  liccn  jiossible  in  an  eastern  town, 
where  wealth,  secure  jiosition  and  leisure  afford 
unlimited  oi)portniiiny  foi' interference.  Narrow 
criticism    looks    to   niinutiac   ami    trrhnii-alilics 


PUBLIC    SCHOOLS. 


437 


while  broad  culture  looks  to  the  development  of 
the  active  powers  of  the  mmd.  The  former  re- 
gards the  possession  of  knowledge  as  the  end  of 
education,  while  the  latter  regards  that  education 
as  the  most  complete,  which  permits  the  longest 
pleasurable  extending  of  the  attention  on  a  given 
subject.  In  a  word  knowledge  is  the  mean  and 
culture  the  end  toward  which  the  educational 
system  of  Minneapolis  gravitates.  The  result  of 
the  system  is,  and  must  be  the  development  of 
the  highest  degree  of  fitness  for  the  exigencies  of 
life.  The  value  of  property  permanently  invest- 
ed for  school  purposes  in  ^Minneapolis  amoimts 
to  $2,2-11, 897.59. 

PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

This  view  of  education  requires  an  elastic  sys- 
tem adapted  to  the  variety  of  minds  with  which 
it  has  to  deal.  Such  a  system  has  been  formu- 
lated under  the  management  of  O.  V.  Tousley, 
which  has  extended  over  a  period  of  about  twelve 
years.  During  this  time  the  present  extensive 
arrangements  have  been  perfected.  At  the  time 
of  Prof.  Tousley's  appointment  as  principal  of 
the  high  school,  only  four  of  the  present  school 
buildings  had  been  erected.  Ten  have  since 
sprung  up  in  the  various  parts  of  the  city  most 
convenient  for  the  daily  attendance  of  pupils. 

The  first  legislation  of  Minnesota  was  an  act, 
passed  by  the  first  territorial  legislatiu'e  on  the 
last  day  of  its  session,  Xovember  1st,  1849,  to  es- 
tablish and  maintain  common  schools. 

On  the  3d  of  ^Slarch.  next  preceding,  congress, 
hi  the  act  by  which  the  territorial  government  of 
Minnesota  was  established,  provided  in  section 
18,  "That  when  the  lands  in  the  said  territory 
shall  be  surveyed  under  the  direction  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  preparatory  to 
bringing  the  same  into  market,  sections  niuuber- 
mg  eighteen  and  thirty-six  in  each  township  in 
said  territory,  shall  be,  and  tlie  same  are  hereby 
reser\'ed  for  the  purpose  of  being  applied  to  schools 
in  said  territory,  and  in  the  states  and  territories 
hereafter  to  be  created  out  of  the  same."  This 
gave  Minnesota  about  3,00(1,000  acres  of  land  for 
the  support  of  public  schools. 

To  Governor  Ramsey,  the  first  territoiial  gover- 
nor, ^Minnesota  is  indebted  for  timely  suggestions 
pertainhig  to  educational  matters,  and  for  appeal- 
ing to  congress  for  gifts  of  pubhc  lands  lor  higher 


learning.    The  school  code  of  1849  is  declared  to 

lie  an  honor  to  the  legislative  assembly  that  passed 
it. 

The  history  of  the  educational  institutions  of 
^linneapolis  begins,  before  the  legislative  act  re- 
ferred to,  and  before  the  territorial  organization, 
by  the  little  school  of  Miss  Electa  Bachus,  on  the 
east  side,  with  the  scliool-liouse  built  in  1849  ;  and 
on  the  west  side,  tliat  of  Miss  Mary  E.  Miller, 
commenced  December  3d,  1852,  already  referred 
to. 

"  The  earUest  books  of  record  in  the  possession 
of  the  board  of  education  contahi  the  following 
proceedings,  and  relate  to  the  east  side : 

"  The  board  of  pubUc  school  directors  for  the 
city  of  St.  Anthony,  consisting  of  John  L.  Love- 
joy,  Orriu  Ciutis,  John  B.  GilUllan,  Martm  Stites, 
S.  r.  Rankin,  and  Charles  Crawford,  duly  elected 
at  the  annual  city  election  for  said  city,  on  the 
third  day  of  April,  1860,  held  their  first  meeting 
at  the  office  of  Orrin  Curtis,  in  said  city,  on 
Saturday,  April  7th,  1860,  at  7  o'clock  p.  jr. 

"A  resolution  offered  by  Mr.  Gillillan  was 
adopted,  to  the  effect  that  the  secretary  be  in- 
structed to  notify  the  trustees  of  the  several 
school  districts  in  this  city  that  this  board  is  duly 
organized,  and  require  them  to  deliver  up  to  this 
board  the  books  and  effects  of  their  respective 
districts,  and  also  to  make  a  report  of  their  pro- 
ceedings as  required  by  law. 

"  The  first  records  in  the  possession  of  the 
west  side  Board  of  Education  are  dated  June 
23d,  1865.  The  salary  of  the  principal.  Professor 
Jenness,  was  at  that  time  fixed  at  $1,000;  his 
principal  assistant,  Mr.  Riegel,  $400 ;  and  a 
force  of  female  teachers,  among  whom  are  some 
who  are  still  employed  as  teachers,  had  salaries 
ranging  from  $325  to  S375.  In  October,  1865,  it 
was  determined  to  lay  the  foundation  for  the 
Union  (now  Washington)  schnnl  liuililiug.  wliicli 
was  completccl  the  following  season,  and  is  now 
the  oldest  public  scliool  building  in  the  city.  The 
first  move  for  the  Central  (now  Winthrop)building, 
on  the  east  side,  was  made  April  13tli,  1865,  when 
it  was  voted  to  be  expedient  to  buy  a  site  for  a 
building,  which  was  done,  and  tlie  liuililing  erect- 
ed m  1867." 

We  may  safely  pass  to  the  begiiniing  of  the 
present  inc'umbency,  without  omitting  any  im- 
portant details.    Professor  Tousley  began  liis  ad- 


438 


HISTORY  OF  HENyEPiy  CUUyTY. 


ministratioTi  as  principal  of  tlie  high  school  in 
1869.  ami  was  siiliseiiiiently  chosen  superintend- 
ent. The  inllnence  of  his  liberal  ideas  was  soon 
felt,  and  from  them  was  develojied  the  present 
educational  scheme  of  the  city.  Perfect  harmony 
has  e.xisted  between  the  school  Ijoard  and  the 
supermtendent,  and  such  confidence  is  felt  in  him 
that  much  of  the  power  vested  in  them  is  rele- 
gated to  him. 

In  tlie  management  ol  llic  scliotils  several  items 
are  especially  note  woiiIjn  .  All  religious  exercises 
are  forbidden  in  the  sdiools;  l>y  which  provision 
all  causes  of  controversy  growing  out  of  the  hete- 
rogeneous element  of  the  population  are  avoided. 
Another  item  is  that,  while  culture  is  demanded 
on  the  part  of  the  teachers  in  all  grades,  in  the 
primary,  especially,  a  cheerful  temper  full  of  sun- 
shine is  considered  an  essential  requisite  of  a 
teacher.  A  third  point,  and  one  which  is  especi- 
ally valualile.  is  that  freipient  examinations  are 
retjuired  in  the  intermediate  and  higlier  gi-ades, 
by  means  of  which  the  varying  capacities  of  pu- 
pils are  measured  and  iirovision  is  made  for  the 
rapid  ailvance  of  some  and  the  corresimiiding  de- 
lay of  others.  Kxaniinations  arc  required,  under 
the  direction  of  the  superintendent,  of  all  p)i- 
pils  before  jiassing  from  one  grade  to  an- 
other. It  would  be  impossible  to  touch  on  all 
the  many  valuable  and  progressive  features 
of  tlie  public  schools,  such  as  general  and 
oral  lessons,  the  introduction  of  su])pleinenlal 
reading  matter,  etc.,  etc.  It  is  sulllcient  to  say 
that  tlie  educational  systems  of  tlie  older  states 
have  been  canvassed  and  from  llieii-  several  de- 
jiartures,  modilied  by  good  judgment  for  tlie  dif- 
fering conditions,  an  ;iilniii;iljle  s>steni  lias  been 
develoi»ed. 

The  public  schools  are  (li\  idc  d  jnin  tmir  de- 
parlments.  viz:  Primary,  intermediate,  grammar 
schmil  an<l  high  school.  'Die  jirimary  schools  in- 
clude tlie  llnil,  se<'oiicl  anil  third  grades;  the  in- 
termediate, the  fourth  and  liftli ;  the  gi-ammar 
schools,  tlie  sixth,  scvenlli  ami  eighth. 

The  total  exiiens*-  of  conchicling  the  schools  of 
tlie  city  during  the  la,st  year  was  !58H,434,K7  :  of 
which  mini  ♦<Is,7L'h.7.')  was  salaries  of  teachers. 
This  does  not  include  expenilitiires  for  bonds,  in- 
U-rest,  or  permanent  improvemeiit.s.  iMiurteen 
B.Miool  buildings  are  in  use  in  the  city,  viz:  Wash- 
ington, built   in  iKiKi.  value  of  biiililint,'  and  site 


$40,000;  Lincoln.  l.s(;7.  .Slfi.OOS;  Jackson,  1867, 
$1.5.000;  Winthroi).  1>S67.  j;4o..500;  Madison,  1870, 
S14.000:  Everett.  1871,  §8,100;  Marcy,  1872, 
$14,000;  Franklin,  1873,  S18,000 ;  Adams,  1874, 
.•S19.000:  Sumner,  1876,  817,000;  Jefferson,  1877, 
829,763;  Monroe,  1878,8:22,920;  Ilumbolt,  1878, 
813,589;  Ilighschool,  1878,  886,427,  Total  value 
of  buildings  with  estimated  value  of  sites,  8359,- 
362.  Unoccupied  real  estate  for  school  purposes, 
in  addition  is  85.400,  The  number  of  sittings 
funiislied  for  pupils  is  5,018. 

.SCHOOL   .\TTENDANCE. 

From  the  recently  taken  United  States  census 
it  appears  that  the  children  of  this  city  are  distri- 
buted as  to  ages  as  follows:  Under  five  yeare, 
5,362;  five  years,  1,231 ;  between  six  and  fifteen 
years,  7,157;  between  fifteen  and  twenty-one 
years  5,649.    Total  tinder  twenty-one,  19,399. 

From  the  last  report  of  the  board  of  education 
it  appears  that  6,142  pupils  were  enrolled  in  the 
schools.  Of  this  number  352  were  between  fif- 
teen and  twenty-one.  Our  schools  thus  reach 
over  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  pupils  who  in  the  west 
attend  the  common  schools.  It  is  believed  that 
this  is  a  larger  per  cent,  of  what  may  be  termed 
(for  the  lack  of  a  better  word)  schoolable  persons 
than  in  any  other  state  this  side  of  the  .Vlleghany 
momi  tains. 

An  examination  of  tlie  schools  of  the  country 
shows  that,  of  the  jnipilstliat  enter  the  schools  at 
the  age  of  six  years,  a  larger  per  cent,  reach  the 
high  school  ill  .Minneapolis  llian  in  almost  any 
other  city.  Out  of  an  enrollnient  of  5,00(i  in 
idiinil  iiiiiubers,  there  are  now  300  in  attendance 
at  the  high  school,  which  is  six  jier  cent.;  and 
ujion  this  basis  schools  seldom  reach  five  jier  cent. 
This  shows  at  once  the  tendency  of  Ihr  scliolars 
toward  the  high  school,  and  its  close  sympathy 
with  the  connecting  grades  below  it.  It  is  also  a 
noteworthy  fact  that  among  all  the  graduates  of 
the  high  school,  over  seventy-live  per  cent,  have 
been  from  the  fanii  lies  of  intelligent  niechanlcsand 
peoiile  cif  limited,  or.  at  tlie  most,  of  niodciate 
means  showing  that  the  interests  of  these  clas.ses 
of  the  iieople  are  closely  bound  iqi  in  Tnaintaining 
a  high  siliddl  ill  fact,  as  well  as  in  iiiiiiie.  Xot  ten 
Iier  cent.  Ill  llie  graduates  are  from  llie  laniiliesof 
till'  leallv    liill. 

The  average  iniiiiber  of  pupils  in  iliiil\  attend- 


THE  UNIVERSITY. 


439 


ance  is  4,248.  The  cost  per  pupil,  based  on 
average  daily  attendance  is  S19.24;  based  on  the 
total  number  enrolled,  S13.31  per  capita.  The 
whole  number  of  teachers  employed  is  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty,  of  whom  five  are  males.  The 
money  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  public 
schools  is  derived  partly  from  tlie  general  school 
fund  of  the  state,  which  has  become  large  by 
reason  of  the  careful  husbandry  of  government 
land  endowment,  and  from  direct  taxation.  The 
power  of  taxation  is  vested  in  the  board  of  educa- 
tion, the  only  limitation  of  which  is,  that  the 
tax  shall  not  exceed  the  generous  allowance  of 
fifteen  mills. 

Experience  has  proved  that  ilinneapolis  can 
elect  men  worthy  of  the  confidence  thus  reposed 
in  them.  The  following  is  the  school  board  of 
1880:  Hon.  Dorilus  Morrison,  president,  Hon. 
A.  C.  Austin,  Hon.  Wmthrop  Young,  Hon.  J. 
W.  Johnson,  Prof.  S.  Oftedal,  Hon.  S.  C. 
Gale,  Prof.  O.  V.  Tousley,  superintendent  of 
schools. 

The  University  of  Minnesota.  The  Ten'itory  of 
Mimiesota  was  created  by  act  of  congress,  March 
3d,  1849.  A  subsequent  act  passed  Febru- 
ary 19th,  1851,  authorized  and  directed  the 
secretary  of  the  interior  to  set  apart  and  re- 
serve from  sale,  a  quantity  of  public  lands  not 
exceeding  two  entire  townships,  for  the  use  and 
support  of  a  university  in  said  territory.  In  an- 
ticipation of  this  act  of  congress,  the  territorial 
legislature  bad  on  the  13th  of  February.  1851, 
passed  a  law  providing  for  the  establishment  of 
an  "institution  imder  the  name  and  style  of  the 
University  of  Mumesota,"  and  for  its  location  at 
or  near  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony.  Under  this 
act  a  board  of  regents  was  elected  by  the  legisla- 
ture a  few  days  later.  This  board  organized,  se- 
lected a  site  near  the  center  of  St.  Anthony  (now 
the  east  division  of  Minneapolis)  just  above  tlie 
mills  fronting  on  Main  street  and  tlie  Mississipj)! 
river,  built  a  small  wooden  building  by  means  of 
private  subscriptions,  and  in  Xoveml)er  of  1851, 
opened  therein  a  preparatory  department.  In 
January,  1854,  order  was  taken  for  the  location 
of  the  public  lands  already  mentioned.  In  the 
course  of  the  same  year,  the  site  at  first  selected 
having  been  found  to  be  in  too  close  jnoximity  to 
tlie  business  and  manufacturing  of  the  town, 
another,  being  that  now  occupied,  lying  on  the 


high  bluff  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river,  aliout 
one  mile  below  the  falls,  was  purchased.  Owing 
to  this  change,  the  [n-eparatory  department  was 
discontinued.  In  the  summer  of  1856,  a  con- 
tract was  made  for  the  erection  of  the  south  wing 
of  a  university  building  of  large  dimensions,  to 
be  completed  within  eighteen  months  from  Sep- 
tember 6tli,  1856.  By  this  time  the  public  lands 
had  all  been  located  except  11,000  or  12,000  acres. 

The  state  constitution,  adoi^ted  by  the  people 
October  13tli,  1857,  and  approved  by  congress 
May  nth,  1858,  contains  the  following  generous 
and  emphatic  provision  for  the  university: 

"The  location  of  the  L'niversity  of  Minnesota, 
as  established  by  existmg  laws,  is  hereby  con- 
firmed, and  said  institution  is  hereby  declared  to 
be  the  University  of  the  State  of  ^Minnesota.  All 
the  rights,  immunities,  franchises,  and  endow- 
ments heretofore  granted  or  confeiTed,  are  hereby 
perpetuated  unto  the  said  University;  and  all  lands 
which  may  be  granted  hereafter  by  Congress,  or 
other  donations  for  said  I^niversity  purposes, 
shall  vest  in  the  institution  referred  to  in  this 
section." — Constitution,  Artidc  VII,  Section  i. 

The  effect  of  this  action  was  to  convert  the 
University  of  the  Territor>'  of  Minnesota  into  the 
University  of  the  State  of  JNIinnesota,  but  there 
was  no  change  of  administration  until  1860,  in 
which  year  a  new  board  of  regents  was  consti- 
tuted. This  board,  during  its  continuance,  was 
mainly  occupied  in  futile  endeavors  to  liquidate 
the  debts  of  the  old  corporation  incurred  in  the 
erection  of  the  building. 

It  is  but  justice  to  say  that  the  territorial 
board,  composed  of  honest,  liigh  minded  men, 
such  as  Franklin  Steele,  H.  J\l.  Kice,  H.  11.  Sibley, 
Wm.  R.  Marshall.  Isaac  Atwater,  and  John  H. 
Stevens,  erred  only  as  their  fellow-citizens  had 
erred  in  the  flush  times  preceding  1857.  They 
only  iilanned  too  generously.  The  sincerity  of 
their  interest  in  the  cause  of  liiglier  education  is 
attested  beyond  (inestioii  by  their  liberal  personal 
contributions.  Theirs  was  not  the  only  noble  en- 
terprise which  was  overtaken  and  overwhcliiicd 
by  the  financial  reverses  of  1857  8. 

In  1864  the  legislature  appointed  a  .special  com- 
mission, composed  of  lion,  .lohn  S.  Pillsbury, 
Hon.  John  Xicols.  and  Hon.  O.  C.  .Merrinian, 
with  full  |)oweis  to  sell  property  and  pay  debts. 
This  board  were  occupied  until  1807  in  this  duty. 


440 


HISTORY  OF  HENKEPIN  COUNTY. 


when,  on  Uwember  23(1.  tliey  reiiortcd  Die  in- 
debtedness sulistantiiilly  liiiuidated  by  the  sale  of 
less  than  12.000  acres  of  land. 

The  legislature  of  isi>7  having  appropriated  a 
sum  of  money  to  repair  and  reuo\ate  the  build- 
ing, which  had  stood  idle  and  empty  for  nearly 
ten  years,  and  havinp  authorized  the  oi)eniiifr  of  a 
preparatory  department,  tlie  board  liad  cniiOoyed 
as  princii)al  the  Rev.  AV.  W.  Washbuni,  H.  A., 
who.  on  the  7th  day  of  October,  1867.  with  two 
a.ssistants,  began  the  work  of  instruction. 

In  186.5,  the  land  grant  of  the  general  govern- 
ment for  colleges  of  agriculture  and  the  mechanic 
arts,  had  been  accejited  b>  the  state  legislature,  and 
intrusted  to  the  trustees  of  the  state  agricultural 
college,  which  had  been  chartered  in  18.58,  and 
located  ui  McLeod  county. 

All  of  the  foregoing  legislation  save  the  con-  j 
Klitutional  enactmenl  nia>  lie  regarded  as  tenta- 
tive and  provisional.  The  I'niversity  as  a  reality, 
dates  its  organization  from  the  law  of  February 
IStli.  18«8,  entitled  "an  act  to  re-organize  the 
University  of  Minnesota,  and  to  establish  an  ag- 
ricultural college  therein."  This  act  as  modilied 
in  some  det<iils  by  subsequent  legislation  may  be 
found  in  fidl  in  the  general  statutes  of  Minnesota 
for  1K7H.  and  may  be  regarded  as  tlie  charter  of 
the  institution. 

This  organic  act  authorizes  the  opening  of  va- 
rious ilepartnienis  or  colleges,  ])laces  the  govern- 
ment in   a  board  of  ten  regents,  three  serving 
ex-ofllciis,    the     governor,    the    state     superiii-  I 
tendent  of  pidilic  instriictiim.  anil  president  of  the 
Tniversit),  anil  seven  apiininted  by  the  governor. 
with  c<ins<'nt  of  the  senate,  holding  odice  for  three 
years;  and  jirescribes  the  officers  of  the  board  and 
their  resi>ective    <lnties.     It   contains  the  usual 
and  necessjiry  provisions  relating  to  the  election 
of  the  faculty,  to  meetings,  and  reports,  and  de- 
clarpH  llie  regents  a  body  coi-porate  under  the  ; 
name  and  style  of  The  I'niversity  of  Minnesota. 
The  only  iirovision  nf  the  charter  needing  special   , 
mention,    is    that    contained    in   section  seven,  ' 
which  inviolably  ai>pri>priates  and   places  at  the 
ilis)Hisal   of  the  iMiard  of  regents,  all  the  interest 
and  income  of  the  fund  derived  from  the  sales  of 
all  lands  gninted  to  the  state  under  the  act  of 
ciingres.'i.    approved   July    2d,   18B2,  <-ommonly  ' 
cAlle<l  Uie  "Agricultural  College  Act."    Thus  all 


the  enilowmenls  of  the  general  government  for 
higher  literary  professional  and  industrial  educa- 
tion were  wisely  merged  and  consolidated  under 
a  single  management. 

In  pursuance  of  the  organic  act  a  board  of  re- 
gents was  duly  appointed,  who  met  and  organ- 
ized, as  required  by  law.  on  the  first  Wednesday 
in  March,  1868.  The  members  were  William 
R.  Marshall,  tlien  (iovernor;  .Mark  II.  Dunnel, 
then  state  superintendent  of  pulilic  instruction, 
ex-officiis;  R.  S.  Donaldson,  of  Farmington;  A.. 
A.  Ilarwood.  of  Owatunna;  H.  II.  Sibley,  of  St. 
Paul :  E.  .J.  Thompson,  of  Chatlield  ;  O.  C.  Mer- 
rimah.  of  St.  Anthony;  John  Nicols,  of  St.  Paul, 
and  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  of  St.  Anthony.  J.  S.  Pills- 
bury  was  chosen  president,  O.  (".  Merriman  sec- 
retary, and  John  Xicols  treasurer. 

The  preparatory  department,  oi)ened  in  1SG7, 
was  conducted  in  an  efficient  and  satisfactory 
manner  by  Mr.  Washburn,  and  his  assistants, 
Messrs.  (i.  Canipliell,  Ira  Moore  and  E.  II.  Twin- 
ing, throughout  the  years  1868  and  1869.  In  the 
summer  of  1869  arrangements  were  made  for 
beginning  college  work  proper.  A  faculty  con- 
sisting of  nine  gentlemen,  were  elected,  and  on 
the  13th  of  September,  entered  tipon  their  duties. 
The  only  college  class  being  the  freshmen,  and 
that  not  exceeding  fifteen  in  number,  the  faculty 
were  for  the  lir.st  year,  and,  indeed,  for  the  two 
succeeilmg  years  chiefly  engaged  in  the  instruc- 
tion of  the  prejinratory  students,  who  numbered 
nearly  two  hundred.  Young  women  were  ad- 
mitted from  till'  lirst.  and  no  jiroposal  has  yet 
been  made  to  refuse  them  instruction.  In  the 
course  of  the  year  18()!l-70  the  matter  of  a  )ier- 
manent  organization  of  the  several  departments 
of  instruction,  and  courees  of  study,  came  under 
con.sideration.  I'pon  the  reconnnendation  of  the 
])resident  of  the  rniversity,  the  lioard  of  regents, 
on  the  28th  day  of  June,  1870,  adopted  that 
general  plan'of  organization  which  has  since  been 
in  ojteration.  and  which  by  its  apparent  novelty 
has  attracted  consiilcrablc  attention.  The  board 
were  encouraged  t"  adopt  it  by  reason  of  wai in 
and  emphatic  rciiininicnilations  from  cducaloi-s 
of  the  highest  lank  and  reputation  in  tlie  country. 
The  essential  features  of  tliis  plan  only  can  be, 
here  noticed. 

Under  the  organic  law  the  linani  nf  regents 
are  authorized  to  establish  any  desired  number 


THE  VNIVEBSITY. 


441 


of  departments  or  colleges,  the  following,  Iiow- 
ever,  being  specitied :  "A  department  of  ele- 
mentary instruction ;  a  department  of  science. 
Literature  and  the  arts ;  a  college  of  agriculture ; 
a  college  of  mechanic  arts  ;  a  college  or  dep.irt- 
ment  of  medicine ;  a  college  or  department  of 
law." 

The  department  of  elementary  instruction, 
otherwise  designated,  by  virtue  of  a  by-law  of 
the  board  of  regents,  "The  Collegiate  Depart- 
ment," is  mtioductor>'  to  the  permament  colleges 
of  the  University.  It  includes,  together  with 
the  work  of  the  freshman  and  sophomore  classes 
of  the  ordinary  colleges,  the  remainder  of  the  old 
preparatory  department,  so  long  as  any  may  be 
retauied. 

This  arrangement  of  deiiartnients  emphiisizes 
and  formulates  the  growing  tendency  and  custom 
of  American  colleges  and  universities  to  make 
the  close  of  the  second  or  sophomore  year,  a 
branching  point  for  the  introduction  of  optional 
studies,  and  for  certain  professional  or  technical 
courses.  It  pre-supposes  a  separation  of  the  sec- 
ondary and  superior  epochs  of  education,  and  a 
corresponding  assortment  of  studies.  The  liigh 
schools  and  other  "fitting  schools"  of  the  state 
are  thus  invited  to  extend  their  work  substan- 
tially up  to  the  junior  year.  When  this  shall  liave 
been  generally  done,  the  University  will,  as  pro- 
vided bylaw,  dispense  with  the  whole  of  the  De- 
partment of  Elementary  Instruction,  and  will 
extend  her  work  on  post-graduate  gi-ound. 

The  general  plan  of  the  University  contem- 
pliites  a  group  or  federation  of  distinct  colleg- 
es; having  each  its  own  organization,  faculty, 
builduigs  and  equipment.  Among  t!ie  advanta- 
ges claimed  for  this  general  plan  may  be  named 
the  following: 

A  faithful  adherence  to  the  letter  and  spirit  of 
the  laws,  state  and  national,  which  have  estab- 
lished and  endowed  the  University,  and  which 
contemplates  it  as  a  federation  of  literary,  pro- 
fessional and  industrial  colleges. 

That,  while  offering  the  old  college  curricuhnn 
and  diseiphne  in  their  best  forms  to  the  literary 
and  professional  classes,  the  University  will  pro- 
vide for  the  industrial  classes  that  •iilieral  and 
practical  education""  required  by  law  and  piihlic 
sentiment. 

The  separation  of  the  natmal  epochs  of  sec- 


ondary and  superior  education,  and  the  ultimate 
liberation  of  the  University  from  the  elementary 
work  of  the  former:  and  coinciding  with  this  di- 
vision, an  advantageous  assortment  of  studies, 
methods  and  discipline  suitable  to  the  two  peri- 
ods respectively. 

A  close  and  vital  articulation  of  the  l^niversity 
with  the  public  school  system  of  the  state. 

The  elevation  of  the  high  schools  by  enlarging 
the  recognized  sphere  of  their  instruction. 

The  elevation  of  the  professional  schools  by 
requiring  of  candidates  for  degrees  a  good  gener- 
al education  as  a  pre-requisite  tor  admission, 
while  not  insisting  upon  the  impossible  condition 
that  all  shall  have  gone  over  the  whole  of  the  old 
college  course. 

The  elevation,  in  particular,  of  the  colleges  of 
agriculture  and  mechanic  arts  to  equal  rank  and 
standing  with  other  university  courses,  and  the 
separation  of  the  studies  and  exercises  properly 
belonging  to  them,  from  the  elementary  branches 
taught  in  the  primary  and  secondary  schools; 
which  branches  it  is  not  the  business  of  the  col- 
leges to  teach. 

Great  freedom  in  the  ai'raiigcnieut  of  details  to 
varying  conditons,  the  main  plan  remaining  un- 
changed. 

To  put  the  above  plan  of  organization  into  ef- 
fect, the  board  of  regents  adopted  a  code  of  by- 
laws which  have  been  revised  as  has  l>een  found 
needful. 

From  the  date  of  its  organization  for  univer- 
sity work,  (1869)  the  progress  of  the  institution 
has  been  steady  and  sutliciently  rapid.  The  lack 
of  preparatory  schools  to  (it  students  for  the 
proper  college  work,  conlined  the  work  of  the 
earlier  years  largely  to  elementary  instruction, 
believing  that  the  indelinite  opi'rations  of  a  fidl 
prejiaraliiry  department  woidd  iliscoiM'age  the  high 
schools  of  the  state  from  assuming  the  duty  of 
preparatory  instruction,  the  board  of  regents 
dropped  off  the  first  year  of  the  preparatoi-y 
course  in  1H7(i.  and  second  in  1H7H.  There  re- 
mains accordingly  but  one  sul)-freshinan  class, 
which  serves  the  uscriil  iJinjiDsc  cil'  sii|iplcMicnt- 
ing  the  jireparatoiy  work  of  the  high  schools, 
still  in  nuuiy  cases  insiUIicient.  It  is  conlideutly 
expected  that  the  effect  of  a  late  act  of  the  leg- 
islature for  the  "  encouragement  of  higher  edu- 
cation,"" appropriating  a  sum  of  money  to  such 


442 


mSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


liigli  schools  as  will  fjive  free  insti'uction  in  regu- 
lar ami  orderly  course  of  study.  |Mei)aratory  to 
the  Uiiivereity  will  within  a  few  years  render 
wholly  unnecessaiy  any  i)rei)aratory  instruction 
in  the  I'niversity,  itself.  The  state  of  Minnesota 
liy  virtue  of  tlieir  lieneticenl  law  may  possess, 
what  no  sUite  of  the  I'nion  is  yet  jirovided  with. 
a  completed  system  of  free  public  insiriulion. 
primary,  sec-ondary  and  sn]ierior,  conunon  schools, 
high  schools,  and  the  Iniversity  federations  of 
colleges,  all  workuig  in  harmony. 

The  regents  have  constantly  aimed  to  employ 
as  teachei^s.  men  and  women  of  the  highest  qual- 
ifications available  in  such  number  as  the  finan- 
ces would  allow.  Next  to  the  instruction  they 
estimate  the  importance  of  the  means  of  instruc- 
tion. They  have  accordingly  expeii<led  liberally 
uiKtn  the  library,  the  chemical  and  other  labora- 
tories, and  upon  the  uiusemn.  all  of  these  estab- 
lishments are  in  a  condition  credible  to  an  insti- 
tiition  and  a  state  so  young.  The  library  is  the 
largest  and  best  in  the  state,  and  is  (-onstantly  ui- 
creasing  by  careful  pui'chases  and  by  gifts.  To 
furnish  the  additional  rooms  already  much  needed 
for  the  library,  the  laboratories  and  the  museum, 
as  well  as  to  enlarge  the  facilities  for  the  scien- 
tific and  industrial  work  of  the  Tniversity,  the 
legislature  of  issi.  made  an  annual  appropria- 
tion of  thirty  thousand  dollars  for  six  years,  to 
be  expendexl  in  buildings,  furniture,  hooks  an<l 
ajipanitus.  This  legislation  assures  the  develop- 
nicht  of  the  institution  on  a  .scale  connnensurate 
with  the  i)rogressof  the  slate,  and  that  of  simi- 
lar institutions  in  neighboring  states,  and  it  fur- 
ther proclaims  as  a  matter  beyond  (|uestion,  that 
the  people  of  .Minnesota  mean  t(j  provide  them- 
selves with  the  amplest  ontlit  for  the  higher  edu- 
cation of  their  youth.  The  people,  at  length,  are 
sovereign  in  cidlure  as  in  government. 

In  ls7J.  by  virtue  of  an  act  of  the  legislaliiif, 
llie  geological  and  i^atural  history  survey  of  the 
state  was  authori/.ed  and  placed  under  the  charge 
of  the  iMiard  of  regents.  J'rofessor  .\ewton  II. 
Winchcll  was  employed  as  state  geologist,  aiul  as 
profe.s.sor  of  geology  and  mineralogy  in  the  I'ni- 
versity. For  some  years  he  (continued  the  work 
<if  teaching  in  conne<-ti<in  with  the  duties  of  the 
suney,  but  thi-  survey  having  at  length  recpiired 
so  much  of  the  time,  the  regents  have  Ijeen 
obliged   t«i  relieve   him   from   iuslruclioii.    The 


work  of  this  most  important  enterprise  is  well 
advanced,  and  the  lirst  volume  of  the  linal  report 
is  ready  for  publication.  The  annual  reports  of 
progress  of  the  state  geologist  may  be  found  m 
the  annual  reports  of  the  board  of  regents,  be- 
ginning with  that  of  1872,  which  rejiort.  however, 
is  now  unfortunately  out  of  print. 

The  iuconii'  of  the  I'niversity  has  not  yet  been 
large  enough  to  warrant  the  board  in  opening  the 
colleges  of  law  and  medicine  named  in  the  char- 
ter. They  have  wisely  considered  it  their  duty 
to  provide  for  the  education  of  the  mdustrial 
classes,  the  intended  beneficiaries  of  the  land 
grant  of  18G2.  from  which  a  considerable  share  of 
the  revenue  is  derived.  The  branches  of  learn- 
ing related  to  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts 
will  be  constantly  and  specially  fostered,  while 
other  classical  and  scientilic  studies,  which  the 
law  forbids  to  be  neglected,  will  have  an  honored 
place  in  the  curriculum.  While  the  majority  of 
the  students  have  always  been  sons  and  daughters 
of  farmers  and  artizans,  the  undoubted  fact  that 
but  few  T)f  them  have  been  willing  to  pursue  the 
regular  industrial  courses  of  study  has  prevented 
the  institution  from  receiving  a  fair  credit  for  her 
industrial  work.  With  the  increased  facilities  for 
instruction  In  agriculture  and  engineering  in  their 
several  specialties,  it  is  probable  that  there  will 
be  a  larger  number  who  will  desire  to  pursue 
technical  courses. 

The  history  of  the  I'niversity  of  ilinnesota,  like 
that  of  the  maiden  state  history  is  a  brief  one,  but 
enough  has  been  done  by  a  few  individuals  to 
place  the  future  people  of  what  will  soon  be  a 
state  of  imi)erial  magnitude  and  inlluence.  uiuler 
obligations.  It  would  not  be  seemly  to  omit  the 
mention  of  a  lew  names  even  in  a  brief  sketch, 
such  as  this.  The  Hon.  John  Nicols,  of  St.  Paul, 
after  seven  years"  continuous  service  as  regent 
and  treasiu'er,  died  in  IS7  .  (Jen.  II.  II.  Sible\ . 
the  first  governoi' of  1  lie  state.  alifail\  mentioned 
as  a  member  of  the  territorial  board  has  been  a 
inembei-  of  the  board  under  the  re-organization 
from  the  beginning  and  for  the  past  sixteen  years, 
has  been  prcsidcMl.  His  great  linanacial  expi"ri- 
enci'.  :niil  the  liigli  place  he  deservedly  holds  in 
the  estimation  of  Mimiesotians  of  all  creeds  and 
jiarties.  have  made  him  a  tower  of  strength  to  the 
institution. 

Kx-Gov.  \Vm.    li.  .Marshall,  who   has   been    on 


PIKE-S  INDUSTRIAL  SCHOOL. 


443 


the  board  either  ex-ofBcio  or  by  appointment, 
since  1868,  has  been  a  most  faitliful  simrdian  of 
the  interests  of  tlie  institution. 

Conspicuous  for  his  unremitted  activity  and 
wholesouled  devotion  to  tlie  I'niversity,  tluough 
a  period  of  years  reacliiiig  from  isfi8  to  tlie  pres- 
ent time,  must  be  mentioned  (lov.  John  S.  Pills- 
burj'.  To  say  that  to  his  laliors  and  sacrifices, 
more  than  to  any  otlier  agencies  tlie  prosperity  of 
the  institution  is  due,  is  merely  to  record  what  is 
everywliere  known  and  acknowledged. 

Among  members  of  the  faculty  it  is  proper  to 
mention  the  names  of  a  few  of  tbose  senior  pro_ 
fessors  whose  instructions  have  given  just  reputa- 
tion to  the  University  and  secured  the  gratitude  of 
'arge  bodies  of  students  who  have  enjoyed  the 
same. 

Professor  G.  Campbell,  who  in  the  earlier  years 
of  his  service,  gave  most  acceptable  instruction 
in  the  German  language,  from  the  text  Ijook  of 
which  he  was  the  author,  was  occupied  later 
with  history,  and  mental  and  moral  sciences. 
Professor  Campbell  was  a  master  of  the  art  of 
teaching,  and  had  the  faculty  of  interesting  all 
his  pupils  in  the  most  abstruse  subjects.  He  re- 
signed his  office  in  1880. 

Professor  J.  Brooks,  I).  D..  ex-president  of 
IlamUne  University,  and  held  in  esteem  amount- 
ing to  reverence,  by  the  alumni  of  that  institu- 
tion, has  occupied  the  chair  of  Greek  contin- 
uously smce  the  beginning  of  college  work 
in  1869.  As  a  veteran  teacher  in  Minnesota  he 
needs  no  eulogy. 

Professor  Versal  J.  Walker,  entering  the  ser- 
vice of  the  I'niversity  at  the  same  time  with  the 
other  officers  mentioned,  (lied  in  May,  1876.  In 
this  event  the  University  was  deprived  of  a 
teacher  of  extraordinary  gifts,  whose  noble  char- 
acter, and  inspiring  christian  iiilhieiice  had  en- 
deared to  him  all  his  colleagues  and  students. 

Colonel  William  W.  Folwell,  a  professor  in 
Kenyon  college,  Ohio,  was  elected  president  of 
the  University  in  August,  1869,  and  Iiegan  his 
duties  with  the  lirst  University  faculty  in  the 
following  month.  His  services  have  been  satis- 
factory to  the  board  of  regents  to  the  degree  that 
that  he  has  been  retained  continuously  in  their 
service  to  the  present  time. 

Professor  Pike's  industrial  school  was  organized 
at  the  Univejsity  of  Minnesota,  November  13th, 


1880.  It  meets  twice  a  week,  on  Monday  and 
Thursday  evenings.  It  is  under  the  charge  of 
Professor  W.  A.  Pike,  professor  of  engineering  at 
the  University.  Professor  Pike  is  specially  qual- 
ified to  conduct  a  school  of  this  character,  being 
a  graduate  of  the  Institute  of  Technology  of 
Boston,  and  also  has  been,  for  the  past  nuie  years, 
professor  of  engineering  in  the  Maine  State  Col- 
lege. It  was  suggested  liy  him  soon  after  he  came 
to  this  city,  after  becoming  somewhat  acquainted 
with  the  needs  of  Minneapolis,  and  his  instruction 
is  given,  in  addition  to  the  duties  which  he  dis- 
charges to  the  University  itself,  gratuitously. 
The  rooms,  lighting,  heating,  and  desks  are  fur- 
nished by  the  University,  and  the  students  furnish 
their  own  books,  tools,  etc.  It  is  intended 
specially  for  mechanics,  to  afford  them  an  opportu- 
nity to  gain  a  knowledge  of  mechanical  drawing, 
that  will  be  useful  to  any  mechanic.  The  utmost 
limit  of  the  class  is  already  reached,  there  being 
sixty  now  enrolled.  The  first  night  it  was  oiiened 
there  were  forty-seven  apphcations,  and  new  ap- 
plications are  made  every  evening,  which  cannot 
be  acted  upon  until  vacancies  occur.  The  present 
membership  includes  carpenters,  mill-wrights, 
cabinet-makers,  stone-cutters,  and  surveyors,  and 
some  of  our  best  mechanics  are  among  them.  The 
class  begins  with  a  series  of  geometrical  problems 
taken  from  three  plates,  which  are  enlarged  to 
hang  upon  the  walls  in  full  view  of  every  student. 
Tl'.eii  projection  drawings  follow,  and  thereafter 
the  work  is  adapted  to  the  various  occupations, 
one  set  of  plates  being  prepared  for  wood,  and 
another  for  metal  workers.  The  ages  of  the  stu- 
dents range  from  sixteen  to  fifty.  The  success  of 
this  school  lias  already  demonstrated  that  there  is 
an  active  demand  for  this  kind  of  instruction  in 
Minnesota,  and  i)ailicularly  in  Minneapolis. 

In  tills  connection  it  may  be  stated  that  a  plan 
for  doing  some  kind  of  shop  work  at  the  Univer- 
sity has  been  presented  to  the  l)oarfl  of  regents 
Ijy  Professor  Pike,  suggested  by  the  Russian  sys- 
tem, which  was  exhibited  at  the  Centenial  in 
specimens  from  the  industrial  .schools  of  that 
country.  Tliis  system  has  been  antlKiri/ed  by  the 
IJoslou  Institute  of  Technology,  and  the  Maine 
State  College,  and,  bri('lly  speaking,  it  is  to  teach 
certain  useful  trades  upon  scientific  iiiinciples,  in 
the  shortest  time  possible. 

Macalester  College   is    the   outgrowth  of  the 


444 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Bald\Nin  school,  inc-orponited  by  the  legislature 
of  Minnesota,  and  opened  in  June.  1853,  in 
the  cit>-  of  St.  Paul.  Its  design  was  not  the 
co-education,  but  the  instruction  of  the  youth  of 
Ixitli  sexes;  the  boys  under  a  male  principal  and 
the  girls  under  an  educated  and  accomplished 
woman. 

The  building  intendi'd  fur  the  fcnuilc  ili-part- 
nicnl  was  of  brick,  and  is  situated  next  lo  the 
City  Hall  in  St.  Paul.  It  was  dedicated  with  ap- 
appropriate  exercises,  in  December,  1853,  and  at 
the  time  of  its  completion  was  the  largest  building 
for  educational  puqioses  in  Minnesota.  Tlie  first 
catalogue  of  a  literary  institution  in  Minnesota 
was  issueil  in  January,  18.54,  by  this  school.  At 
that  time  the  number  of  pupils  in  attendance  in 
the  female  department  had  been  forty-three,  and 
in  the  male  department  twenty-eight,  a  total  of 
seventy-one.  To  prevent  confusion  and  to  lay 
the  foundation  of  a  college  for  male  youths,  the 
trustees  iletermined  to  reorganize  tlie  boys  depart- 
ment as  the  college  of  St.  I'aul.  and  the  three- 
story  .stone  edifice,  opposite  the  residence  of  W. 
L.  Panning,  in  St.  Paul,  now  tlie  house  of  the 
(iood  Shepherd,  was  erected  for  the  i)uri)ose. 

During  the  late  civil  war.  for  liiiancial  reasons' 
the  schools  were  suspended,  the  liiiildings  sold,  and 
the  moneys  investe<l.  and  liy  an  act  of  the  legisla- 
ture of  lht}4,  both  schools  were  again  brought  un- 
der one  charter. 

I '|Min  the  return  of  the  founder,  the  Key.  Mr- 
Neill.  from  Kurope.  in  1872,  he  began  the  work  of 
reorgani/.alion.  and  leased  for  that  purpose,  at  a 
rental  of  twelve  hundred  dollars  i>er  annum,  the 
large  stone  edilice  Imill  fur  a  hotel,  in  the  Past 
Division  of  Minneapolis.  The  owner  of  the  build- 
ing, the  latx'  Charles  Macale.ster  of  Philadeljihia, 
wa.s  an  old  family  accpiaintance  and  neighbor  of 
the  fiiiinder.  and  by  bis  will,  at  the  suggestion  of 
.Mr.  Neill.  the  building  was  left  lo  be  used  or  sold 
for  educational  juirposes.  and  the  institution 
named  ,Ma<-alesler  College.  ]5y  an  act  of  the 
legislature  of  1874,  it  was  provided  that  the  Pald- 
win  institution  should  be  called  Macalester  Col- 
lege, with  the  proviso  that  the  preparatory  de- 
imrtnienl  should  be  known  as  the  ISalilwin  school. 

This  school  hasabiiiit  thirty  boys  in  attendance, 
and  the  Pev.  P.  .Maci|uesten.  is  the  principal. 

Pn-siilent  Xeill  has  sent  in  his  resignation  to 
the  trustees,  to  take  effect  whenever  $3(1,(100  is 


raised  for  the  endowment  of  the  presidency,  and 
a  Presbyterian  selected  for  the  olli<e.  The  aim 
of  the  institution  is  set  forth  in  the  following  ex- 
tract from  an  address  by  its  founder,  delivered 
at  the  dedication  of  the  Paldwin  school  building, 
in  December.  \s.y.\: 

•■\Vc  desire  that  tlic  voice  of  jiraycr  and  the 
aiitliem  of  i)raise  shall  be  heard  in  this  edifice 
each  day  at  the  assembling  or  dismissal  of  the 
pupils,  and  that  the  Holy  Pible  shall  be  known  as 
a  text-book.  The  teachers  who  have  been  em- 
l>l()yed  during  the  last  term,  have  belonged  to 
three  different  branches  of  the  Holy  Catholic 
Church,  and  have  given  pleasing  evidence  of  be- 
ing actuated  by  the  same  catholic  spirit. 

"On  the  corporate  seal  of  the  institution  are 
engraved  two  female  figures,  one  in  classic  dra- 
pery, telescope  in  hand  and  compass  at  the  feet, 
representing  Science  investigating  the  laws  of  na- 
ture; the  other  in  silting  posture  and  modern 
dress,  holding  the  open  word  of  (iod.  rejiresenl- 
ing  Pevelation.  They  are  iii  friendly  converse, 
the  twin  sisters  of  heaven,  as  the  motto  suggests, 
'Natura  el  Pcvclalio.  co'li  gemini." 

"In  the  various  departments  of  the  Paldwin 
school,  nature  and  r<'velation  will  never  be  pre- 
sented in  antagonism.  The  laws  that  are  devel- 
oiied  in  the  study  of  each,  the  teachers  will  en- 
deavor to  jirove  to  be  emanations  from  the  same 
Divine  mind.  The  style  of  education,  it  is 
hoped,  will  lift  the  pupil  out  of  the  larva  or  grov- 
eling stale,  and  prepare  for  the  best  society  of 
all  worlds— an  immortal  existence  in  the  king- 
dom of  heaven,  as  the  soaring  buttorlly  is  intend- 
ed to  symbolize." 

President  of  Macalester  college,  Pev.  Edward 
DulTield  Xeill;  i>rincii)al  of  Paldwin  school.  Pev. 
Itockwood  Mac(|iiesten. 

TninUrx :  William  C.  liakcr.  Krederick  W. 
Prooks,  Samuel  Chiile.  .Miiiiieaiiolis;  Thomas 
Cochran,  Jr.,  Henry  J.  Iloiii.  Henry  M.  Knox, 
St.  Paul:  \V.  W.  McXah.  Minneapolis;  Henry 
L.  Moss,  St.  Paul:  C.  ('.  Wclislrr.  Red  Wing; 
.\lc\aii<ler  Pauisey.  St.  I'aiil  ;  I'ranklin  Steele, 
ideceascdi  Minneaiiolis :  II.  Kiiox  Taylor;  St. 
I'aul;  C.  P.  ^■alldcl•bul■gll.  J.  C.  Whitney.  Kugene 
.M.  Wilson.  Minneapolis,  president  of  college,  ex 
<i_llicii). 

The  college  building  is  of  atone,  live  stories 
and  a  half  high,  has  a  gymnasium  40x100  feet, 


BUSINESS  COLLEGES. 


445 


and  accommodations  for  professors  and  one  hun- 
dred students.  The  collegiate  department  will 
not  be  opened  until  two  professorships  are  fully 
endowed;  and  meanwhile,  the  preparatorj-  de- 
partment, known  as  the  Baldwin  school,  will  pre- 
pare boys  for  business,  or  any  college,  and  will 
aim  to  be  what  Phillips  Academ\  and  Williston 
Seminary  are  in  Massachusetts.  It  is  the  inten- 
tion to  dispose  of  the  present  edifice,  and  build 
in  the  suburb  between  Miiuieapolis  and  St.  Paul, 
as  soon  as  possible. 

The  Bennett  Seminary  for  young  ladies  was  or- 
ganized in  1870,  liy  Mrs.  B.  C.  Bennett,  who  was 
comiected  with  the  school  until  1S77.  Her  jilace 
was  then  supplied  by  Mrs.  M.  B.  jSIilligan,  with 
Miss  E.  E.  Kenyon  as  assistant  principal.  In 
1880  Mrs.  Milligan  withdrew,  leaving  the  schooj 
in  charge  of  Miss  Kenyon. 

The  seminary  is  located  at  31-')  Tenth  street 
south.  The  faculty  are:  JSIiss  E.  E.  Kenyon,  princi- 
pal ;  Rev.  Dr.  Eice,  Latin  ;  Miss  Abbott,  Lathi ; 
Miss  Carrie  Ferguson,  first  assistant;  Miss  Mary 
A.  Jacot,  drawing ;  Madame  Ilatschek,  French  ; 
Miss  Todd,  German  ;  Miss  Loi  Rice,  music  ;  Miss 
Baldwin,  second  assistant ;  Professor  L.  Brown, 
vocal  music.  Courses  of  lectures  are  delivered  by 
gentlemen  of  high  standing,  whose  names  do  not 
appear  among  the  instructors.  The  trustees  and 
directors  are  among  the  leading  citizens  of  Min- 
neapolis. 

Miss  Judson's  school  for  young  ladies  is  located 
at  41 1  Nicollet  Avenue,  and  was  opened  ui  Sep- 
tember, 1879,  with  four  pupils.  Its  success  is, 
however,  assured,  and  at  present  forty-one  pupils 
are  in  attendance.  The  course  of  study  involves 
a  sulj-preparatory  department,  jireparatory,  and 
advanced  course,  the  two  latter  contemplating  to- 
gether, six  years'  study.  An  interesting  featui-e 
is  the  system  of  lectures  uiauguavated  by  JNIiss 
Judson,  who  is  peculiarly  quaUlied  boUi  by  taste 
and  cultivation  for  this  work. 

The  corps  of  instnictors  is  made  up  as  follows: 
Miss  Abby  A.  Judson,  literature,  history  and 
rhetoric ;  Miss  Adeline  Wetherbee,  science  and 
mathematics ;  Miss  Edith  Wilson,  sub-prepara- 
tory department;  ^Madame  Ilatschek,  French; 
Miss  Todd,  German;  Professor  Lyman  Brown, 
vocal  music. 

Curtiss  Business  College  was  established  in 
1869  by  Prof.  Ilemy  Barnard.    In  the  spring 


of  1875,  Prof.  C.  C.  Curtis,  who  had  previously 
been  employed  as  assistant,  purchased  the  entire 
interest,  and  remo\  ed  it,  first  to  Bridge  Square, 
and  subsequently,  in  the  fall  of  1878,  to  the  pres- 
ent commodious  quarters  in  the  new  college 
block,  No.'s  2-51.  2o3  and  25.5  Jyicollet  Avenue. 
In  September,  1S79,  Prof.  Curtis  opened  in  St. 
Paul  a  branch  college,  the  exact  counterpart  of 
the  Minneapolis  institution.  The  faculty  at  Min- 
neapolis consists  of  C.  C.  Curtis,  A.  M.,  president; 
W.  K.  Milliken  A.  M.,  Charles  T.  Rickard,  D. 
^\^  Sprague.  Miss  A.  A.  Noble,  Miss  Kate  Saim- 
ders.  William  G.  Smith,  teachers.  The  total 
attendance  during  the  year  1880,  was  232  pupils, 
average  attendance  about  6.5.  The  course  of 
study  consists  of  a  pivparatory  course,  an  elemen- 
tary commercial  course  and  tlie  advanced  com- 
mercial com-se. 

The  Archibald  lousiness  Academy,  located  at 
No.  12  Third  street  north,  was  established  in 
1877  by  Prof.  A.  R.  Archibald.  The  course  of 
study  is  intended  to  prepare  ymmg  men  and 
women  for  college,  and  for  giving  instruction  in 
penmanship,  book-keejiing,  mathematics,  gram- 
mar and  the  business  branches  generally.  About 
sixty  pupils  are  enrolled  as  regular  attendants. 
Miss  8.  A.  Archibald,  superintends  and  teaches 
the  intermediate  department.  The  jirincipal  is  a 
graduate  of  Darlmonth  college,  and  a  competent 
instructor. 

The  Minneapolis  Academy,  at  1313  Fourth 
street  south-east,  opened  September  16tli,  1879 
with  twenty  pupils,  and  two  teachers.  The  de- 
sign of  the  institution  is  to  occuj^y  a  midille 
ground  between  the  district  scliools  and  tlic  uni- 
versity. The  academy  has  estalilishcd  tlie  fol- 
lowing courses  :  a  business  course,  a  teacher's 
course,  a  university  preparatory  course,  and  an 
academic  course,  the  latter  divided  into  Latin, 
French,  German,  and  English  divisions.  It  has 
four  regular  instructors,  all  college  giaduates, 
and  one  monitor,  who  is  strictly  an  oHicer  of  dis- 
cipline. Faculty:  Charles  Davidson,  A.  M.  prin- 
cipal and  master  in  English,  German  and  Greek; 
Ilannali  Amelia  Davidson,  A.  B.,  principal  and 
master  in  Latin,  French  and  English  literature; 
John  T.  Marvin,  A.  M.,  li.  I).,  master  in  normal 
work,  and  business  department;  William  A. 
Noyes,  A.  B..  15.  S.,  master  in  mathematics,  and 
natural  sciences. 


446 


BISTOBY  OF  HEKNEPJN  COUNTY. 


Scvcnil  coiivc'iits  and  parocliial  scliools  are  so 
intimately  associated  w  iili  the  cluirelies  liy  which 
they  are  directed  that  nieution  of  them  is  reserved, 
and  will  lie  found  under  the  chun'hes  to  which 
they  owe  their  existence  and  palronafie. 

Aufrsliurg  Seminary  of  the  Norwegian  Danish 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church.  In  18(i9,  Augs- 
burg Seminary  was  organized  as  a  tl)cological 
sch(H>l  at  Marshall.  Dane  county.  AVisconsin,  un- 
der the  auspices  of  the  Augustana  synod,  with 
Prof.  Weenaas  as  president.  Hardly  had  the  pro- 
fessors hegun  to  feel  at  home,  when  a  division  in 
the  synorl  occurnMl  which  materially  changed  the 
order  of  things.  A  meeting  of  the  dissenting 
ones  was  helii  at  St.  Ansgar.  Mitchell  county. 
Iowa,  in  August.  187(t.  which  resulted  in  the  or- 
ganization of  the  "Xorsk  Dansk  Conference,"' 
which  independent  action  lost  to  them  all  right 
of  property  in  the  liuildings  at  Mar.shall.  A  new 
organization  under  tlieold  name  wasthen  effected 
\mder  the  ausi)ices  of  the  new  confereni'e  and  at 
a  meeting  held  at  Madison,  Wisconsin,  in  Janu- 
ary. 1871.  it  was  resolved  to  procure  new  build- 
ings, and  the  cities  of  Madison,  and  Minneai)()lis, 
Minne.sota,  were  discussed  as  desirable  locations 
for  the  seminary. 

In  .June.  ISTl.  the  conference  hcM  its  lirst  reg- 
ular meeting  at  Mimieapolis.  It  was  then  re- 
solved that  their  buildings  should  be  erected  here 
and  sle|)s  were  at  once  taken  for  the  sjieedy  prose- 
culion  of  the  work.  Private  siibscriiitions  in  land, 
monr-y,  etc.,  were  obtained  to  the  amount  of 
$4,700,  anrl  in  the  fall  of  tlie  same  year  building 
was  commenced.  At  first  one  stiucture  40x52 
feet,  three  stories  high,  was  erected,  which  was 
rea<ly  for  occupancy  in  the  fall  of  1872,  when 
presiilent  ^\'e(•llaas  removed  his  institnliou  to  the 
new  liuildiirg.  He  had  in  the  nicanliiui'  iiirupji'd 
rcnteii  buililings  al  .Marshall.  In  1874  the  main 
building  was  commen<'ed  and  finished  the  follow- 
ing year;  it  is  four  Hfories,  118x52  feet,  veneered 
with  brick,  and  is  a  lasly  and  imposing  stru<'lure. 
A  building  ii(ix.S8.  the  residence  of  the  piiifcssors, 
erected  on  the  grounds,  wa«  also  eomiileted  the 
Kiimeyear.  President  Weenaas  had  visit<-cl  Nor- 
wa>  llie  previous  year  and  brought  back  with  him 
on  hi«  return.  Prof.  S.  Of tedal.  to  whose  energy 
and  progressive  mind  is  largely  due  the  speedy 
completion  of  Augsburg.  In  1874  two  important 
additions  were   made  to  (he  facultv  in  the  pcr- 


i   sons  of  S.  H.  (iuunersonand  George  Sverdrup. who 

j  anived   from  >."orwa\'  in  the  fall  of  that  year. 

!  AluMil  this  time  the  institution  wiis  changed  from 

being  a  theological  seminary  only,  by  the  addition 

of  a  preparatory  cour.se   and  a  Greek  cour.se   of 

four  years. 

In  lS7fi.  President  Weenaas  severed  his  con- 
nection willi  the  Seminary  and  returned  to  Nor- 
way. .\1  the  meeting  of  the  annual  conference, 
Prof.  Sverdruj)  was  elected  president,  which  po- 
sition iJe  still  honorably  fills.  On  his  assuming 
the  presidency,  he  found  an  indebtedness  which 
in  1877,  amounted  to  .SKi.dOO.  when  it  was  deter- 
mined to  raise  money  for  its  liijuidation.  Prof. 
Oftedal  being  )uesident  of  the  board  of  trustees, 
was  appointed  to  rai.se  the  money.  Committees 
were  appointed  in  all  churches  of  the  Norsk 
Dansk  Conference  in  this  and  adjoining  states, 
and  by  Jamiary,  1878,  S20.000  in  cash  had  been 
paid  in.  The  debt  was  paid,  and  tlie  surplus  was 
used  in  the  jiurchase  of  grounds  for  present  use. 

In  1872,  when  the  Seminary  w'as  first  opened,tUe 
roster  showed  the  names  of  twenty-four  students, 
in  187o,  it  showed  one  hundred,  which  is  its 
greatest  caiiacity.  KITorts' arc  now  making  to 
create  an  endowment  fiuid  and  inc-rcasi'  the  fa- 
cilities of  the  institution. 

It  is  under  the  direction  of  President  Sverdrup 
and  Professors  Oftedal  and  Gunnerson,  assisted 
b\  two  teachers,  one  each  as  instructor  in  the 
English  and  Norwegian  languages.  The  build- 
ing and  grounds  valued  at  S40,00U  are  located  in 
South  Minneapolis,  corner  of  Seventh  street  and 
Twentieth  Avenue  south. 

Kindci'gai'tcn  Schools.  .Mrs.  E.  H.  llollirnok 
opened  tlie  lirst  Kindergarten  sclioul  in  tlic  city, 
in  ls7."i.  with  abiiiit  twelve  jiupils,  whose  ages 
varied  limn  tmir  to  eight  years.  The  school  was 
located  on  Seventh  street,  between  Nicollet  and 
Firet  Avenues.  The  school  increase<l  under  Mrs. 
llolbrook's  management,  rendering  another 
teacher  necessary.  Tlie  inunbcr  of  siOiools  has 
now  increased  to  four,  three  of  which  re(piire 
tiiitiun  fees  for  iiistniclidii  and  one  is  a  charita- 
ble iiistitntion  conducted  by  Mrs.  llolbrook.  The 
whole  nnndier  of  |ini)ils  is  now  about  sixty-two, 
divided  among  (lifferent  schools.  Miss  Annie  L. 
Conchnian,  conducts  one  of  the  branches  at  227 
Sixth  street  south:  she  has  about  cighlceu  ])ui)ils, 
and  has  been  teaching  three  years. 


SECRET  SOCIETIES. 


447 


Miss  Lizzie  Stevenson  at  number  80  Eightli 
street  has  aV)out  eighteen  pupils.  Mrs.  Ilolbrook 
on  Franklin  Avenue,  has  a  school  of  sixteen  be- 
sides the  charity  pupils. 

The  Frobel  branches  are  taught  viz;  sewing. 
weaving,  drawing,  stick  and  slat  laying,  modeling 
in  clay,  peas  work,  paper  folding  and  pei-forating. 
Half  an  hour  each  day  is  spent  in  games  with 
singing  and  dancing.  In  addition  to  all  this,  the 
little  ones  are  instructed  orally  in  French  and 
German. 


CHAPTER  LXX. 


ORDER  OF  ODD  FELLOWS — KNIGHTS  OF  I'YTHI.VS 
—  DRUIDS — A.  O.  V.  W. — KNIGHTS  OF  HONOR 
— MISCELLANEOITS  SOCIETIES. 

Schiller  Encampment.  No.  5,  was  instituted 
^November  24th,  1869,  with  seven  members  and 
the  following  officers :  Chief  Patriarch,  Wm. 
Didinke ;  High  Priest.  Adolph  Siel)er;  Senior 
"Warden,  August  Ende ;  R.  S.  and  F.  8.,  C.  H. 
Blacken;  Treasurer,  Xeil  Frederichs.  The  pres- 
ent membership  is  forty-nine.  They  meet  on  the 
second  and  fourth  Wednesdays  of  each  month,  at 
their  hall  in  Loring"s  block,  Nos.  17  and  19  Sec- 
ond street  south,  and  are  presided  over  by  the 
following  officers:  C.  P.,  Conrad  Peters;  11.  P. 
C.  V.  Spiegel;  S.  B.,  George  LevefCert:  J.  W.,  J. 
H.  Roth;  R.  S.  and  F.  S.,  Joseph  Keryman; 
Treasurer,  Henry  AVacks. 

Robert  Blum  Lodge,  No.  21,  was  instituted 
May  21st,  1868.  The  charter  members  numbered 
only  seven,  and  were  governed  by  the  following 
officers:  N.  G.,  August  Ende;  A''.  G.,  Rudolph 
Sieber;  R.  S.  and  F.  S.,  Wm.  Dnlnike:  Treasurer, 
Mathias  Xathaker.  The  membcrsliip  has  in- 
creased to  one  hundred  and  forty-.seven.  and  the 
lodge  meets  every  Monday  evening  at  its  hall  in 
Loring's  block,  Nos.  17  and  19  Second  street 
south.  Present  officers  are :  K.  G.,  Herman 
Westphal;  V.  G.,  Conrad  Peters;  R.  S.,  EmU  von 
Kiester;  F.  S.,  Frank  Wacks ;  Treasurer,  J.  D. 
Meyer. 


St.  Anthony  Lodge,  No.  40,  was  instituted  May 
16th,  1873,  with  the  following  officers:  N.  G.,  C. 
W.  Lane  ;  V.  G.,  C.  H.  Connor;  Recording  and 
financial  secretary,  L.  W.  Valentine;  treasurer, 
Baldwin  Brown.  This  lodge  was  organized  with 
with  but  ten  charter  members,  and  now  has  one 
hinulred  and  six.  Meetings  are  held  at  the  lodge 
rooms.  No.  208  Central  Avenue,  every  Friday 
evening.  The  officers  are:  N.  G.,  G.  B.  Foster; 
V.  G.,  Charles  Hart;  R.  S.,  J.  B.  Tinklepaugh; 
P.  S.,  Fred  H.  Gowen;  Treasurer,  Solomon  Gray. 

Union  Encampment  No.  14,  was  instituted 
November  2d.  1S74,  with  twenty  charter  mem- 
bers; the  present  membership  is  about  lifty-two. 
Present  officers;  C.  P.,  Geo.  W.  Drake;  II.  P.,  H. 
S.  Patten;  S.  W.,  Louis  WilMams;  scribe,  J.  E. 
Boyden;  treasurer,  A.  C.  Peters.  Meetings  sec- 
ond and  fourth  Mondays  of  each  month  over 
Northwestern  Bank.  This  society  is  in  a  flourish- 
ing condition. 

Fraternity  Lodge,  No.  62,  was  instituted  Au- 
gust 31st,  1877,  with  thirteen  charter  members 
and  the  following  officers:  N.  G.,  H.  S.  Patten; 
V.  G.,  J.  E.  Boyden  ;  R.  S..  A.  C.  Peters;  P.  S., 
James  Campbell:  Treasurer,  A.  T.  Green.  The 
membership  has  increased  to  eighty-one,  and 
the  lodge  meets  every  Friday  evening  over  the 
Northwestern  National  Bank.  The  officers  are: 
N.  G.,  H.  S.  Patten;  Y.  (i.,  Lewis  Williams  ;  R. 
S.,  P.  O.  Bean;  P.  S.,  .V.  C.  Peters;  Treasurer.  J. 
E.  Boyden. 

The  Odd  Fellows  Battalion  was  orgjiuized  from 
members  of  the  various  encampments  of  this 
city,  and  its  object  is  to  perfect  its  members  in 
the  drill.  The  officers  are:  C.  W.  Smith,  captain; 
J.  A.  Smith,  assistant  captain:  J.  E.  Boyden, 
secretary  and  treasiner. 

Stella  Lodge,  No.  3,  Daughters  of  Rebekah, 
was  instituted  November  17th,  1869,  with  twenty- 
one  charter  members,  and  at  one  time  numbered 
forty-seven.  September  18th,  1878,  it  surren- 
dered its  charter.  At  that  time  the  officers  were: 
N.  G.,  A.  Cantieny;  V.  G.,  Mrs.  W.  B.  Hawley; 
R.  S..  A.  C.  Peters;  F.  S.,  Mrs.  C.  J.  Wooley; 
treasurer,  Mrs.  E.  A.  Stevens. 

Miuiie-ha-ha  Lodge,  No.  13,  Daughters  of  Re- 
bekah, instituted  November  13th,  1878,  with  nine- 
teen charter  members,  now  numbers,  twenty- 
eight.      The    lodge    meets    the  lirst  and  third 


448 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIjS^  COUNTY. 


■Wednesdays  of  each  montli  at  its  hall.  Xo.  208 
Central  Avenue.  The  oliicers  are:  X.  G.,  Mrs. 
G.B.Foster;  V.  G.,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Ilaynes;  R.  S., 
Mrs.  S.  F.  Stanley:  P.  S..  Mi-s.  Viola  Stanley; 
treasurer,  }*Ii"s.  M.  L.  (ireenway.  The  first  offi- 
cers of  tlie  lodge  were:  X.  G.,  C.  C.  Hurd,  V. 
(;..  Mrs.  Viola  Stanley:  R.  S.,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Hayues; 
P.  S.,  Mrs.  Mary  Shei)lierd:  treasurer,  Mrs.  M. 
L.  Greenway. 

KNIGHTS  OF  rVTHIAS. 

Minneapolis  Lodge,  Xo.  1 ,  Knights  of  Pythias, 
wa.s  instituted  .luly  lltli.  1870.  liy  Samuel  Read. 
Supreme  Chmicellor.  Tlie  first  oflicers  were  : 
David  Royal.  C.  C;  Ed.  A.  Stevens,  V.  C;  A. 
Leroy  Fenalson,  K.  R.  S.  From  but  seventeen 
members  the  lodge  has  grown  to  one  hundred  and 
three,  governed  by  C.  C,  AV.  E.  Gerrish  ;  X.  C, 
O.  A.  Fultz:  K.  R.  S..  Andrew  J.  Hart:  M.  E., 
David  Hoyal.    Tliey  meet  Fridays. 

Eureka  I^odge,  Xo.  2,  St.  Anthony,  was  insti- 
tuted August  30th,  1870,  with  nineteen  charter 
members.  The  officers  were:  C.C.C.E.  Phelps; 
V.  C,  A.  J.  -Meacham  ;  K.  H.  S..  E.  H.  Xewnian. 
In  1873,  it  surrendered  its  charter,  and  most  of 
the  memlters  joined  local  lodges. 

Gennania  l-<«lgc.  Xo.  4,  organized  July  10th, 
1K71.  with  ten  charter  members.  (".  C,  F.  D. 
Conrad  :  A'.  C,  G.  Hoehme ;  K.  R.  S.,  U.Oswald. 
The  meml>crship  has  increa.sed  to  fifty- five 
witli  the  following  officei-s:  C.  ('..  Charles 
Figgs;  V.  ('.,  F.  Reimer;  K.  R.  S.,  F.  Frederick: 
M.  E..  C.  (ioehringer.    They  meet  Tuesdays. 

Damon  Ivodge.  Xo.  ■'>.  was  instituted  August 
;<0lh.  1S71.  with  fifteen  charter  members.  C.  C, 
J.  .].  h\uu:  V.  <".,  Edwin  I'liinips;  K.  R.  S.,  E. 
P.  I'lummer.  The  members  now  number  twenty- 
four,  officered  by  :  C.  C,  C.  (i.  Van  Vert ;  V.  C, 
Ariel  ('.  Harris;  K.  H.  S.,  J.  II.  Ilcisser;  M.  E., 
Hyron  Sutherlaml.  The  lodge  meets  the  second 
and  fourth  Mondays  of  each  month. 

Scandia  I/odge.  Xo.  0,  was  organized  Xovem- 
iK-r  21  si.  1H71.  with  eight  charter  mcml)ers.  The 
first  offiiers  were  :  C.  C..  A.  H.  Olson  ;  V.  C.  O. 
C.  Michaelson  ;  K.  H.  S.,  Andrew  Hundy.  The 
nicmb<-rship  is  now  one  humlrcd  and  sixteen,  and 
the  officers  are:  C.  C..  Niiliolas  Hahl:  V.  C., 
(instnvuH  Johnson;  K.  H.  S.,  M.  J.  Ilarlhi;  M. 
K..  II.  O.  Petersfin.     Mold  meetings  Thursdays. 

Hermit  n  I/odge.  Xo.  18.  organized  March  2.0th, 
1878,  with  IIM  members.    Oflicers:  C.  C,  F.  S. 


McDonald;  V.  C,  A.  T.  Allen:  K.  R.  S.,  Selah 
ilaltliews.  The  members  now  number  132,  with 
officers  as  follows:  C.  C,  W.  B.  Jones;  V.  C, 
J.  ^y.  Tomm  ;  K.  R.  S..  George  R.  Seaton  ;  M.  E.. 
J.  W.  Marshall.  Meets  on  Jlondays.  'The  (irand 
Lodge  meets  annually  at  Minneapolis,  on  the  sec- 
ond Tuesday  in  February. 

This  order  has  organized  various  eudowuu'nt, 
mutual  benefit  and  building  associations.  Of 
these,  the  following  are  the  most  prominent; 
"  Knights  of  Pythias  Mutual  Benefit  Associa- 
tion'" was  organized  .luiie  Bill,  1876.  Its  object 
is  mutual  or  co-operative  life  insurance.  The 
present  officers  are  (ieorge  H.  West,  president ; 
H.  A.  Hopper,  vice-president :  Ezra  B.  Ames, 
secretary;  George  II.  Johnson,  treasurer ;  A.  11. 
Salisbm-y.  medical  director.  ••  Knightsof  Pythias 
Hall  Association  "  was  incoi-porated  May  27th, 
1879,  with  Ed.  A.  Stevens,  president;  C.  Goe- 
hringer  and  W.  R.  Christianson,  vice-president ; 
Selah  Jilathews,  secretary ;  F.  S.  ilcDonald, 
treasurer.  This  association  was  created  for  tlie 
purpose  of  building  or  leasins^  a  hall  and  trans- 
acting business  connected  llierewith.  The  direc- 
tors were  chosen  I'rom  tlie  different  lodges  con- 
nected with  it,  in  jiroporliou  of  one  director  for 
each  share  held  by  lodges.  It  now  has  about 
S25,000  invested.  The  officers  are  Ed.  A.  Ste- 
vens, president ,  C.  Goehringer  and  A.  C.  Brand, 
vice-presidents;  M.J.  Ilarlin.  secretary ;  H.  M. 
Martin,  treasurer.  "  Endowment  Rank.  "■ 
Knights  of  Pythias,  section  Xo.  88,  was  created 
January  26th,  1878.  In  the  first  class,  which 
pays  a  benefit  of  $1,000  at  the  death  of  a  mem- 
ber, there  is  in  the  Vuited  States,  a  menihersliip 
of  11,532,  an<l  in  Hie  second  class,  wliich  jiays 
?2,000.  l.'j,G.")2.  The  oliicers  of  the  section  arc 
president,  W.  15.  Joiu's;  vice-president,  Andnnv 
Walstad;  chaplain,  U.  L.  Warner;  secretary  and 
treastirer.  Ezra  15.  Ames;  guide.  .1.  B.  Moore; 
guard,  Isiiac  Harrison;  sentinel  .\.  II.  Edsten. 
Tlie  organization  known  as  the  ••  Miiineaiiolis 
Knights  of  Pythias  Drill  Con's,"  was  formed 
Xoveml)er  30lh,  1880,  for  the  purpose  of  perfec- 
ting it-s  nuMubers  in  the  use  of  the  sword,  and 
other  military  evolutions.  The  officers  are  B.  F. 
Cole,  captain ;  A.  C.  Harris,  first  lieutenant;  J. 
W.  Taun,  second  lieutenant ;  Olmendinger, 
standard  bearer ;  Ezra  B.  Ames,  secretary  ;  M. 
.1.  Iliirliu,  treasurer. 


SECRET  SOCIETIES. 


449 


UN^ITED  ANCIENT    ORBER   OF   DRUIDS. 

The  objects  of  the  Imted  Ancient  Onlerof 
Druids  are  tlie  diffusion  of  social  and  intellectual 
intercourse  among  all  its  menil)ers,  and  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  system  of  general  philanthropy  and 
benevolence,  by  providing  for  the  sick  and  dis- 
ti-essed,  and  the  interment  of  its  deceased  mem- 
bers throughout  the   V.  A.  O.  D.    The  Grand 
Grove  of  the  stjite  of  ^Minnesota,  U.  A.  O.  D.,  re- 
cognizes no  grove  or  groves  but  such  as  shall  con- 
form, and  agi-ee  to  establish,  or  have  already  es- 
tablished a  fund  f.n-  the  purpose  of  supporting  its 
members  during  sickness,  for  the  relief  of  the  dis- 
tressed, for  the  burial  of  the  dead,  and  for  giving 
aid  to  the  widows  and  orphans  of  its  deceased 
members. 

:Minne-ha-lia  Grove.  Xo.  S,  was  instituted  March 
16,  1874,  with  thirteen  members,  who  have  in- 
creased to  lift)-five.  The  regular  meetings  are 
held  at  Druids  Hall,  Bridge  square,  every  Thurs- 
day evenijig.  The  officers  are:  P.  A.,  E.  F.  L. 
Blecken  ;  X.  A.,  Fred  Runner ;  X.  A.,  Peter  NoelJ 
R.  S.,  A.  L.  Sump;  F.  S.,  J.  A.  Oilman;  T.,  J.' 
A.  Maul;  C,  L.  Annueller;  J.  S.  G.,  August 
Lanchner;  O.  S.  G.,  J.  M.  Johnson.  Bards:  F 
Frederichs,  R.  H.  B.  to  X.  A.;  John  Xavratill, 
L.  H.  B.  to  N.  A.;  Bernliard  Hunt,  R.  11.  B  to' 
V.  A.;  A.  G.  Sheffer,  L.  II.  B.  to  V.  A. 

Eintracht  Grove,  No.  14,  was  instituted  March 
1876,  with  thirty-three  charter  members.  The 
present  membership  is  fifty-seven,  and  hold 
then-  regular  meetings  on  Monday  evening  of 
each  week,  at  Druids  Hall,  Bridge  square. 
The  officers  are:  P.  A.,  Ed  Fischer;  X.  A.,  II. 
Buckendorf ;  V.  A.,  August  Sieljert  ;  R.  S.,j'olin 
Bahr;  T.,  I.  Monasch ;  G.,  C.  Fust;  J.  (i.,  F. 
Ileckrieh ;  O.  G.,  Alex  Honigschmidt. 

Mistletoe  Grove  No.  17,  was  organized  June 
5th,  1878,  with  twenty-nine  charter  members. 
The  membershij)  is  now  tliirty-four,  and  the 
grove  meets  Wednesdays  at  its  hall,  Xo  220  Nic- 
ollet Avenue.  The  officers  are:  N.  a..  II.  M 
Martin;  V.  A.,  J.  P.  McLaughlin;  .secretary,  Pe- 
ter Schissler. 

Fritzhof  Grove,  Xo.  18.  was  in.stituted  in  Sep- 
tember, 1878,  with  fifty  members.  This  grove 
now  numbers  forty-five  members  who  meet  every 
Friday  evening  at  Swede  Brothers'  Hall,  Xo.  220 
Xicollet  Avenue.    The  present  officers  are:  D. 


D.  G.  A.,  P.  Osander;  P.  A.,  II.  Mortrud;  X.  A., 
C.  B.  Johnson;  B.  A.,  O.  Dulheini;  R  S.  P 
Osander;  F.  S.,  G.  J.  Swan;  treasurer,  Gustave 
Lundell;  Con.,  C.  A.  Howard;  I.  G.,  Fred  Peter- 
son; O.  G.,  Peterson;  Bards,  Peter  Knudtson,  R. 
H.  B.  to  X.  A.;  X.  E.  Colstiom.  L.  II.  B.  to  X. 
A.;  O.  Marabo,  R.  H.  B.  to  Y.  A.;  C.  O.  Swan- 
son.  L.  H.  B.  to  y.  A. 

A.  O.  IT.  w. 


Advance  Lodge,  Xo.  6,  was  organized  Decem- 
ber 4th,  1876,  with  thirty-six  charter  memliers. 
The  present  membership  in  good  standing  is 
sixty-one.  Officers:  P.  W.  M.,  ().  M.  (ireely  "w 
M.,  D.  W.Egan;F.,H.  R.  Fan:0.,  J.  G.  Bugbee; 
R.,  (;.  W.  Fox;  F.,  E.  D.  Blodgett;  receiver,  A. 
M.  Alden.  They  meet  Wednesdays  at  their  hall 
No.  214  Hennepin  Avenue. 

Minneapolis  Lodge  Xo.  12  was  organized  April 
9th,  1877.  It  meets  Thursdays  at  Xo.  214  Hen- 
nepin Avenue.  The  present  officers  are:  P.  W. 
M.,  Seth  Emei-son;  W.  M.,L.  A.  Condit;  G.  F.^ 
J.  V.  Bailiff;  O.,  Albert  Knox;  R..  E.  B.  Ames;' 
F.,  W.  W.  Poole;  receiver,  J.  II.  Ege;  G.,  B.  De- 
venbeck;  I.  W.,  J.  Lunsden;  O.  W.,  D.  P.  Dela- 
mater;  representative  to  Grand  Lodge,  Selah 
Matthews;  trustees,  H.  J.  Harris,  Selah  Mat- 
thews and  J.  II.  Ege. 

Star  Lodge,  No.  n,  was  organized  May  7th, 
1877,  with  forty-one  charter  members.  The 
largest  membership  at  an.\  one  time  was  seventy- 
nine.  They  now  immber.  In  good  standing, 
fifty-six,  and  meet  every  Tuesday  evening  at 
their  hall.  No.  214  Hennepin  Avenue.  The  pres- 
ent officers  are:  P.  W.  M.,  S.  C.  Lahatte;  M'  M 
W.  B.  Hill ;  F.,  J.  C.  Wilson  ;  O.,  J.  P.  Allaire;' 
R.  S.,  E.  (;.  Cauvet;  F.  S.,  G.  S.  Boyd;  R.,  J.  H. 
McCoimell. 

Hennepin  Lodge,  No.  1.5.  was  organized  on  the 
21st  day  of  May,  1877,  with  thiity-ni„,.  charter 
members.  This  number  increased,  and  now  the 
lodge  has  forty-six,  all  of  whom  are  Scandinavi- 
ans. Meetings  are  held  Fridays,  at  No.  214  II,.„. 
nepin  Avenue.  The  officers  are:  P.  W.  M  T 
Han.son;  W.  .M.,  John  Peter.son;  G.  F.,  E  Xew- 
man;  O.,  S.  Mahla;  F.,  John  F.  Peterson-  Re- 
ceiver, C.G.Kinney;  !?..  Chas. -fohn.snn-  I  W 
E.  Freno;  O.  W.,  C.  J.  Berg;  G.,  J.  O.  Ness. 

Xicollet  Lodge,  No.   16,  was  organized  May 
22d,    1877,   with  forty  charter    members.      The 


450 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


inemlMTsUip  at  present  is  sixt>-one,  out  of  which 
lint  two  deaths  have  occurred,  since  organization. 
The  lucscnt  ollicei-s  are:  P.  W.  M.,  J.  W.  Mur- 
pli\  :  W  .  M..  T.  (;.  Salisbury  :  (i.  F.,  M.  Covill : 
O..  W.  .M.  Dowlin;  R.,  O.  M.  Reed;  F..  J.  W. 
Smitli ;  Rec.  Isaac  Cheney :  G.,  S.  C.  Brown  :  I. 
AV..  15.  Huher:  O.  W..  C.  E.  Harris. 

Among  tlie  object.s  of  the  A.  O.  V.  AV.  is  to 
improve  tlie  moral,  intellectual  and  social  condi- 
tion of  its  niemlters.  and  to  create  a  fund  for 
their  benefit  during  sickness,  and  in  case  of  death 
to  pay  a  stipulated  sum  to  such  pei-son  or  persons 
as  may  have  been  designated  liy  decea.sed. 

KNKiHTS   OF   noXOK. 

Tills  order  is  a  secret  benevolent  society,  com- 
[Mised  iif  a  sjiprenie.  grand,  and  subordinate 
lodges,  which  was  cstalilished  in  l>s7:i,  by  per- 
sons who  felt  that  the  methods  of  relief  to  fami- 
lies <if  deceased  meiubei-s.  as  adopted  Viy  other 
orders,  was  delicient.  They  believed  that  an 
order  founded  with  one  of  its  main  objects  to 
jiay  a  death  benelit.  would  meet  with  approval 
and  success.  The  objects  of  the  order  are  briefly 
stated  by  the  (iraiid  Lo<lge  to  be  :  To  unite  fra- 
ternally all  acceptalile  white  men  of  every  pro- 
fession, business  or  occupation;  to  give  all  moral 
and  material  aid  in  its  power  t<i  members  of  the 
order,  by  holding  moral,  instructive  and  scientific 
lectures,  by  encouraging  each  other  in  business, 
and  by  assisting  one  another  to  tind  eniiiloyment; 
t<i  establish  a  benelit  fund,  from  whicli  a  sum 
not  to  exceed  S:i,'M»(i.  shall  be  i)aid,  at  the  death 
<if  a  memlKT.  to  his  family,  or  to  be  disposed  of 
as  he  iiia>  direct;  to  estiiblish  a  fund  for  the  re- 
lief of  sick  orilistressed  members. 

MiniuyiiKilis  I^odge,  Xo.  .',87,  was  organized 
April  null.  1877.  Its  offlcers  are:  V.  I).— I.  Mc- 
Xair.  I). -I).  L.  I'raU:  V.  D.-E.  (i.  Raniaby; 
A.  1).  Fred  Riillis;  R.  AV.  ("lieney  ;  F.  R.— S. 
M.Spaulding;  ('.  I'.  II.  Smith;  (Juide— E.  C. 
Cauvel:  (J.  William  Walker;  S.—Jius.  Tyler; 
M.  E.-  a.  A.  Land.  .M.  I).;  Trustees,  Isaac  Mc- 
Nair.  (ieorge  II.  Simpson  ami  I'.  II.  Smith. 

Aiiotlier  lodge  \va.H  organized  March  113,  1881, 
with  forty-wven  iharter-members,  with  C.  AV. 
Clausoii  P.  I).,  and  .1.  X.  Cross,  TreiLsurer. 

A.MKIU<AN  I.KdION  OF  IIONOIt. 

Northwejil  Council.  Xo.  ll.S,  of  Minneiiiiolis, 
wiLH  orgiiniziHl  March  «th.  isso.    Tlic  dbject  of 


the  order  is  to  unite  fraternally  all  i>ersons  of 
.sound  health  and  good  moral  cliaracler  who  are 
socially  acceptable,  and  between  the  ages  of  eigh- 
teen and  sixty-live  years,  and  to  generally  benefit, 
aid  and  assist  its  members,  intellectually  and  pe- 
cuniarily. The  offlcers  are  :  C,  Isaac  McXair, 
V.  C,  AV.  R.  Cray  :  O.,  J.  Xewton  Xind  ;  S.,  T. 
F.  Stark;  C,  L.  F.  Longbrake;  T..  A.  B.  Hush; 
Chap..  1).  H.  McPherson  ;  G..  Fred  BuUis  ;  AV., 
Albert  Ashenden  ;  Sentry,  J.  AV.  Ellis  ;  M.  E.,  S. 
M.  Spaulding.  M.  D.;  A.  M.  E.,  Otis  M.  Hum- 
phreys, M.  B.;  Trustees,  .1.  IT.  McClintten.  .T.  E. 
Seeley.  and  O.  J.  tJriUith.  The  order  is  incorpo- 
rated by  the  commonwealth  of  Massachusetts, 
and  has  in  the  Ignited  Stales  a  membership  of 
(w,()00.  Three  hundied  lodges  were  instituted 
during  the  past  year. 

(irand  Order  of  the  Orient.  Assiiiiiplion  coun- 
cil was  organized  in  February.  ISSd.  It  is  a  ben- 
eficiary society,  governeilby  the  following  officers: 
(irand  Orient,  (J.  II.  Ilunthigton;  \'ice  Grand 
Orient.  R.  S.  Xellis;  Grand  Servant.  M.  Tyson; 
Secretary.  AV.  B.  Jones. 

Herman  Sons.  This  organization  was  fouiided 
February  2oth,  1879.  Itis  a  benevolent  and  bene- 
ficiary society,  for  the  purpose  of  relieving  sick 
and  distressed  nieinbeis.  who,  in  case  of  sickness, 
draw  five  dollars  per  week,  and  deceased  mem- 
liers  are  buried  at  the  expense  of  the  society.  The 
officers  are  :  president,  August  Schwarm  :  vice- 
jiresident,  A.  Paegel ;  treasurer.  Fred  Xoeren- 
lierg;  secretary,  Fred  Tegeler. 

The  Society  of  Swedish  Brothers  was  organized 
Xovenibcr  2<ith.  187<>.  with  eiglit  members.  At 
the  first  meeting.  .Mr.  I'.  ()s;inder.  the  founder  <if 
the  society,  presided.  Us  object  is  to  relieve  its 
nienibcis  in  sickness  and  distress;  is  a  secret 
mutual  benefit  association,  and  pays  weekly  bene- 
fits to  sick  members,  and  defrays  the  funeral  ex- 
penses of  deceased  members.  It  has  a  member- 
■ship  at  iiresent  of  ninety-live.  It  meets  every  Mon- 
day evening  at  Xo.  220  Xicollet  Avenue.  The 
ollicei-s  are,  president,  Fred.  Petei-son  ;  vice-iiresi- 
dent.  F.  P.  Korpe ;  recording  secretary,  J.  Fredall; 
corresiHinding  secrclaiy.  P.  Osaiidcr:  ticasuicr. 
G.  Lundell. 

Minneapolis  Independent  Order  of  Free  Insur- 
ance, was  organized  July  blth,  1880,  with  twenty 
memliei-s.  It  is  a  benevolent  society,  the  family 
of  each    member    receiving  .Sl.ooit  at  Ids  death. 


BENEVOLENl  SOCIETIES. 


451 


Meetings  are  held  at  the  Synagogue  on  Fifth 
street,  between  First  and  Second  Avenues  south. 
There  are  now  twenty-six  members.  Theoflicers 
are :  president.  G.  L.  Levi ;  vice-president.  II. 
RotlischiUl ;  recorduig  secretary,  M.  Levi ;  finan- 
cial secretaiy,  A.  Mikslas;  treasurer,  E.  Bern- 
stein ;  trustees,  L.  Wertli  and  Ralph  Rees. 

B'nai  B'ritli :  Minneapolis  Lodge  No.  27.  I.  O. 
B.  B.,  was  organized  February  25th,  1877,  having 
twenty-three  members.  The  family  of  each 
member  receives  .fl.ono  at  his  death.  ^Meetings 
are  held  the  first  and  third  Sunday  of  each 
month  at  the  Synagogue.  Tlie  officers  are ;  pres- 
ident, J.  S.  Skoll ;  vice-president,  J.  Kohn ;  re- 
cording secretary.  R.  Rees;  financial  secretary, 
M.  Benson ;  treasurer,  G.  Rees. 

Brotherhood  of  Locomotive  Engineers.  This 
is  an  order  of  locomotive  engineers,  organized  first 
at  Deti'oit.  ilichigan,  August  17,  1S63,  as  the 
"Brotherliood  of  tlie  Foot-board,"  and  reorganized 
at  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  August  17,  1864,  imder 
the  present  title.  It  was  revised  at  Boston.  Mas- 
sachusetts, October,  1877,  and  now  has  in  the 
United  States  a  membership  of  10,000.  Its  object 
is  to  elevate  the  standing  of  members  as  engineers 
and  theu" characters  as  men.  Minne-lia-ha  Lodge 
of  the  Brotherhood  of  locomotive  Engineers,  Min- 
neapolis division,  Xo.  180,  was  organized  in  1874. 
They  meet  at  Druids'  Hall,  Market  square,  the 
second  and  fourth  Sundays  of  each  month.  The 
present  ofiicers  are,  D.  G.  Thompson,  chief  en- 
gineer; R.  Althouse,  secretary;  11.  . I.  Lobdell, 
treasurer. 

Society  of  St.  John  the  Baptist.  This  order 
was  founded  in  18-59,  for  benevolent,  educational 
and  fraternal  purposes.  It  took  a  prominent  part 
in  the  celebration  of  the  two  lumdredth  anniver- 
sary of  the  discovery  of  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony 
by  Father  llennepin.  In  the  afternoon  of  that 
day  the  society  had  a  grand  reimion  at  Market 
Hall,  where  Archbishop  Tache,  of  ^lanitoba,  and 
Bishop  Lafleche.  of  Canada,  made  addresses  ap- 
propriate to  the  occasion.  Bishop  Ireland,  of  St. 
Paul,  and  the  American  and  Belgian  consuls  at 
Manitoba  were  present.  The  officers  are:  presi- 
dent, F.  Trepanier ;  vice-president,  F.  I'laisance; 
secretary,  Z.  Uemeules;  assistant  secretary,  E. 
Genevey;  treasurer,  J.  S.  Cartier;  collector,  A.  J. 
Menard;  marshal,  (Jeorge  (iadbout:  chaplain. 
Rev.  Z.  L.  Chandonnet. 


St.  Andrew's  Society.  This  society  was  organ- 
ized August  4th,  1871,  its  object  being  to  care  for 
the  sick,  and  find  employment  and  otherwise  aid 
unfortunate  Scotchmen.  Scotchmen,  sons  and 
grandsons  of  Scotchmen  only,  are  eUgible  to  be- 
come members  of  the  society.  The  present  mem- 
bers number  fifty.  The  officers  are:  president, 
;M.  Jarvie ;  vice-president,  R.  McMillen ;  secre- 
tary, A.  W.  Craik ;  treasurer,  Stewart  Wight- 
man  ;  physician,  A.  C.  Fairbaim,  M.  D.  Board 
of  managere,  John  :Miller,  AV.  McCallum,  D.  Fer- 
guson, A.  McPhee,  A.  McDougall. 

Society  Norden.  The  "  Minneapolis  Scandina- 
vian Dramatic  Society  "  was  organized  August 
22d,  1870,  and  afterwards,  on  November  27th, 
1870,  it  was  changed  to  '■  Society  iSTorden,"  its 
piu-pose  from  exclusively  dramatic  to  social,  and 
on  the  4th  day  of  April,  1871,  was  incorporated 
as  such.  A  relief  fund  was  established,  for 
which  purpose  seventy-five  dollars  was  allowed 
from  the  general  fund  as  a  foundation.  April 
1st,  1875,  the  Scandinavian  singing  society, 
"  Candia,"  united  with  the  Society  Norden. 
March  7th,  1877,  Society  Norden  was  re-organized, 
and  has  since  been  exclusively  Swedish.  It  has 
a  library  of  about  800  volumes,  consisting  of 
Swedish,  Norwegian,  Daiush,  and  English  books. 
The  society  now  has  about  thirty  members,  who 
during  sickness  receive  four  doUaus  per  week. 
The  othcers  form  a  board  of  trustees,  and  are : 
R,  Kngdahl,  president ;  John  Peterson,  vice-pres- 
ident ;  C,  H.  Hendrickson,  recording  secretary  . 
Axel  Dahlstrand.  con-esponding  secretary  ;  Au- 
gust Zimmerman,  treasurer ;  Alfred  Soderstrom, 
librarian ;  Peter  Pierson,  assistant  librarian  ;  John 
Klint,  marshal. 

Immaculate  Conception  Benevolent  Society.  In 
the  spring  of  187li,  several  young  nu'u  conceived 
the  idea  of  fomiing  a  mutual  benefit  society,  to 
care  for  each  other  during  sickness,  and  funiish 
Christian  burial  to  deceased  members.  A  meet- 
ing was  called,  and  an  organization  perfected  by 
the  election  of  officers,  on  June  5th,  1876.  It  is 
Xo.  342  of  the  "Catholic  Benevolent  Union,'' 
which  has  a  membership  of  500,000,  and  branch- 
es m  nearly  every  city  in  the  United  Stales  and 
Canada.  Its  present  officers  are  :  Ed.  O'Brien, 
president ;  J.  II.  McXally,  vice-president ;  A.  F. 
Boran,  recording  secretary  ;  J.  B.  Doherty.  finan- 
cial secretary  ;  J.  W.  Doran,  treasurer. 


452 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


The  Chosen  Friends.  Tlie  Metroiwlitan  Lodge 
was  organized  in  Felmiary.  1881.  ius  a  coopera- 
tive insurance  company,  with  forty  charter  mem- 
liers.  Tlie  oHicers  elected  were:  C.  C,  E.  C. 
Caiivet;  V.  C  Lucien  Swift.  Jr.:  P.  C,  Charles 
H.  Clarke ;  R.,  W.  (iould  ;  C,  L.  L.  Longbrake  ; 
T..  R.  ^V.  Laing:  M..  C.  R.  Leonard;  \V.,  J.  W. 
Moore;  (J..  C.  A.  Rockwell;  S.,  C.  A.  Rowe : 
Medical  Directors,  l)rs.  McMurdy  and  Fairbaim  ; 
I'relate.  J.  P.  Rea ;  Trustees.  R.  R.  Hart.  Isaac 
McNair,  R.  II.  Rolf. 


CIIAI'TKK    I.XXI. 


VHKKMASOXS— TYPOOHAI'IIICAL      UNIONS — MIS- 
CKI.I.ANKflfS   OHIIKHS. 

Dr.  A.  E  .Ames,  uixin  his  advenl  into  the  tem- 
tory  in  (Jctolier,  1851.  collcclfd  the  scattering 
Masons  who  resided  ui  the  neighborhood,  and  ol> 
tallied  a  dispensation  from  the  (irand  Lodge  of 
Illinois  to  open  Catiiract  Lodge,  V.  I).,  in 
ancient  form,  and  on  February  14th,  this  cer- 
emony Wits  observed  in  the  little  parlor  of  ^Vid 
(JiHlfrcy.  when  A.  K.  Ames  occiii>ied  the  East, 
Colonel  \V.  Smilh  the  West,  Isaac  Rmwn  the 
South;  Ard  (iodfrey,  treasurer;  John  II.  Stevens, 
secn-lary ;  D.  M.  Coolbaugh,  S.  D.;  II.  S.  Atwood, 
J.  D.;  Wni.  Rraincr,  tyler;  with  Caj.lain  J.  W.  T. 
(iardiner  and  Col.  E.  ('a.se,  tlicii  slalioned  at  Fort 
Snelling,  as  members. 

This  is  the  parent  lodge  of  all  the  lodges  in  the 
vicinily.  The  abnve  list  ronipriscs  all  the  names 
of  MiiMons  tlien  residents  of  the  Territory  of 
Minnesota,  from  St.  I'aul  to  I'embina  (exclusive 
of  St.  I'aul  an<l  Slillwaleri.  Of  the  membei-s, 
Dr.  A.  K.  Ames  ha<l  been  amember  of  thedrand 
I/Klge  of  Illinois,  had  also  been  master  of  the 
liMlge  at  RosiMHj  and  lielvidcre  in  Illinois  and  was 
lirst  M.  W.  <;.  M.  of  the  (;raMd  Lodge  of  Minne- 
(ioli».  Colonel  WilliaiD  Smith,  tin-  S.  W.,  was 
niiule  a  Mitson  in  Maine,  and  had  iM-en  master  of 
his  Uxlge.  Isiuic  Rrown,  the  J.  W..  was  also 
from  .Maine;  lie  was  a  jHistmasler,   and  was   the 


treasurer,  also  hailed  from  Maine,  and  had  held 
the  same  otlice  in  the  lodge  of  which  he  was  a 
member.  J.  II.  Stevens,  the  secretary,  was  ini- 
tiated, passed  and  raised  in  a  military  lodge.  1'. 
I).,  from  the  (irand  Lodge  of  Tennessee  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1848,  at  the  National  Bridge  in  Mexico. 
The  S.  1).,  I).  M.  Coolbaugh.  was  made  a  Mason 
111  Pennsylvania,  and  was  subsequently  the  first 
W.  M.  of  Hennepin  Lodge.  The  J.  D.,  II.  S. 
Atwood,  was  made  a  JSIason  in  New  Brunswick. 
He  was  a  brother-in-law  of  Calvin  A.  Tuttle',  one 
of  thejiioneersof  this  county,  and  dieil  on  his  farm 
near  Minneapolis  a  few  years  ago.  The  tyler,  Wm. 
Bramer,  a  man  un  iversally  respected,  subsequently 
retired  to  his  farm,  and  died  there  soon  after.  Of 
the  members,  Col.  Case  had  previously  occupied 
high  positions  in  the  order  in  the  state  of  Michi- 
gan, and  was  the  first  (Jrand  Treasiu-er  of  the 
(irand  Lodge  of  Minnesota,  ('apt.  J.  "VV.  T. 
(iardinerwas  a  native  of  llallowell.  Maine,  a 
graduate  of  AVest  Point,  and  was  at  this  time  sta- 
tioned at  Fort  Snelling  as  captain  of  Company 
R.  Second  regiment  V.  S.  Dragoons,  was  subse- 
quently i)rom(ilcd  to  major  general,  and  died  a 
few  years  since.  Tlic  dispensation  gave  them  the 
right  to  meet  on  high  liills  or  low  vales.  From 
Catiiract  Lodge  have  sprung  all  oilier  lodges  in 
Minneapolis.  The  then  (irand  blaster  of  the 
State  of  Illinois  who  granted  the  disi)ensation  to 
Cataract  Lodge,  was  our  fellow-citi/en.  Judge  E. 
15.  Ames.  The  meetings  were  first  held  in  an  old 
building  on  Main  street  north-east,  now  owned  by 
a  Mre.  AVhite.  Fiom  there  they  moved  to  a 
building  on  Main  street,  known  as  the  King  block, 
wliicli  was  s\ilisci|Mcutly  destroyed  by  liic.  The 
lodge  tlicii  (i(ru]iiril  iiolliiis'  stone  liiiildiug.  on 
Second  Avenue,  corner  of  Prince  street.  The 
next  move  was  to  the  hall  now  occupied,  located 
at  numliers  18  and  20  I'niversity  Avenue.  The 
building  was  elected  by  Cataract  Lodge,  at  a  cost 

of   i?lf),(MMl. 

The  first  election  of  ollicers,  occurred  February 
14th,  1852,  with  the  following  result:  A.  E.  Ames, 
W.  M.;  William  Smilh,  S.  W.:  Issiac  Brown,  J. 
W.;  and  .1.  II.  Stevens,  secretary.  We  give  a 
li.st  of  those  since  elei-led  to  the  ollice  of  W.  M. 
and  secretary,  with  year  of  election.  The  regu- 
lar elections  have  taken  place  in  December  of 
each  year.     December   27lli,    185;;,    A.  K.  Ames, 


llmt  sherirr  of  Ileiinepiii  couuty.    Ard  (iodfrey,  i   W .  .M..   .1.  II.  Stevens,  secretary.    '53.  Charles 


MASONIC  SOCIETIES. 


453 


P.  Stearns,  I.  I.  Lewis.  'iA.  M.  W.  Getchell, 
E.  K.  Knowlton.  'oo,  M.  ^y.  Getchell,  K.  W. 
Cummings.  '56-7,  Ileniy  Reynolds,  W.  G.  Brad- 
ford. '58,  M.  W.  Getchell,  J.  B.  Gillillan.  o9, 
G.  A.  Camp,  E.  S.  Brown.  "60,  R.  S.  Aklen,  S. 
L.  Yawter.  'til,  C.  Woodly.  W.  F.  Cahill.  '62, 
J.  B.  (iiinihin,  AV.  F.  Cahill.  '63,  J.  A.  Arm- 
strong, C.  Woodly.  '64  5,  M.  W.  Getchell,  Dan. 
M.  Demmon.  "66,  E.  S.  Brown,  Solon  Arm- 
strong. '67,  J.  S.  Lane,  Solon  Armstrong.  "68, 
W.  Lochren,  Edward  Parker.  '69,  W.  Lochren, 
C.  F.  Smith.  '70-1,  Solon  Armstrong,  C.  F. 
Smith.  '72,  F.  L.  Smith,  C.  F.  Smith.  73-4,  F. 
L.  Smith,  R.  A.  Moore.  '75-6,  H.  M.  Kent, 
Solon  .Vrmstrong.  "77,  R.  W.  Cnmmings,  Solon 
Armstrong.  '78-9,  J.  S.  Lane,  Solon  Armstrong. 
December  18th,  1880,  the  officers  elected  were, 
W.  E.  Johnson,  W.  M.;  O.  A.  Gardner.  S.  W.; 
M.  P.  Hayes,  J.  W.;  and  Solon  Armstrong, 
secretary.  Regular  meetings  are  held  on  the 
first  Saturday  of  each  month,  at  "Masonic  Hall,'' 
East  Division. 

The  Grand  Lodge  of  F.  &  A.  M.  was  organized 
January  1st,  1855,  with  three  subordinate  lodges, 
namely:  St.  John's  Lodge.  No.  1.  of  Stillwater  : 
Cataract  Lodge,  Xo.  2.  of  St.  Anthony  Falls;  St. 
Paul's  Lodge,  No.  3.  of  St.  Paul.  The  following 
grand  officers  were  duly  elected:  A.E.Ames, 
Minneapolis.  M.  W.  (i.  M.;  Aaron  Goodrich,  St. 
Paul,  R.  ^V.  D.  G.  M.;  D.  F.  Brawley,  St.  Paul, 
R.  W.  S.  G.  W.;  A.  Van  Yorhees,  Stillwater,  R. 
W.  J.  G.  W.;  E.  Case,  St.  Paul,  R.  W.  G.  T.;  J. 
G.  Lennon,  St.  Anthony,  R.  W.  G.  S.;  D.  ^\'.  C. 
Dunnell,  St.  Paul,  S.  G.  D.;  D.  B.  Loomis,  Still- 
water, J.  G.  D.;  S.  Partiidge,  Stillwater,  G.  S.  B.; 
A.  T.  C.  Pierson,  St.  Paul.  (;.  M.:  11.  N.  Setzer, 
Stillwater,  G.  P.;  Wm.  Chamberlain,  St.  Antliouy, 
G.  C;  Lot  Moffat,  S.  G.  S.;  C.  W.  Bonip,  J.  G. 
S.;  "\Vm.  Hartshorn,  G.  T.  Tlie  Grand  Lodge  of 
Minnesota  was  then  opened  and  tlie  olliccrs  duly 
installed  by  P.  M.,  A.  J.  Morgan,  when  they  sev- 
erally repaired  to  their  stations.  Tlie  secretary 
of  the  convention  being  superseded  by  the  (fraud 
Secretary  elect,  tlie  (J.  M.  proclaimed  the  eh'ction 
of  the  grand  officers,  and  that  tlie  tirand  Lodge 
of  Minnesota  was  duly  and  legally  organized. 

Hennepin  Lodge  No.  4.  This  lodge  was  or- 
ganized January  21st,  1853,  and  worked  under 
the  first  dispensation  granted  bv  the  grand  lodge 
of  Minnesota.     Tlie  officers  V.  D.,  were:  D.  M. 


Coolbaugh,  W.  M.;  J.  N.  Barber,  S.  W.;  E.  A. 
Ilodson,  J.  W.;  S.  W.  Case,  secretary;  E.  Case, 
treasurer;  Edward  Miirjihy,  S.  D.;  Anson  Nor- 
thrup,  J.  D.;  Chesman  Gould,  tyler.  January 
3d,  1854,  this  lodge  received  its  charter  from  the 
grand  lodge.  The  meetings  were  held  at  the  house 
of  Anson  Northnip.  near  the  lirink  of  the  falls, 
for  two  years,  then  in  a  hall  fitted  for  the  pur- 
pose, over  the  store  of  Jackins  and  Wright,  on 
Bridge  Square.  After  several  years  removed  to  a 
hall  in  the  Dayton  block.  After  several  changes  a 
hall  over  Fletcher's  store  was  taken  in  1862,  where 
it  remained  in  connection  with  Jilinneapolis  lodge, 
until  January.  1876.  Since  then  their  new  Ma- 
sonic Hall  has  been  occupied.  The  first  officers 
after  charter  was  granted  were  the  same  as  first 
elected,  with  the  exception  of  the  office  of  secre- 
tary, to  which  Thomas  Chambers  was  elected  in 
place  of  S.  W.  Case.  During  subsecpient  years 
the  offices  of  W.  :M.  and  secretary  have  been  filled 
by:  1855,  E.  A.  Hodsdon,  Charles  Hoag;  '56,  D. 
M.  Coolbaugh,  I.  I.  Lewis;  "57,  R.  R.  Bryant, 
Geo.  "\V.  Ciiowen ;  '58,  A.  E.  Ames,  Geo.  A.  Sa- 
vory; '59,  E.  B.  Ames,  Geo.  A.  Savory;  '60,  C.  N". 
Daniels,  Geo.  A.  Savory;  "61,  A.  E.  Ames,  J.  L. 
Tenney;  '62  to  "67  inclusive,  A.  E.  Ames,  Geo. 
A.  Savory ;  "68,  A.  E.  Groff,  A.  H.  Linton  ;  "69, 
G.  T.  Yail.  C.  M.  Crump  ;  "70,  H.  L.  Rockey,  IL 
Taunatt;  '71,  S.  T.  Moles,  H.  Tannatt ;  "72,  H. 
Barnard,  H.  Tannatt;  '73,  A.  A.  Ames,  H.  Tan- 
natt ;  '74,  H.  Barnard,  U.  Tannatt';  "75,  J.  Wil- 
son, C.  C.  Leland  ;  "76-7,  C.  IL  Benton,  C.  C. 
Leland;  '78,11.  P.  Ilungcrford,  C.  C.  Leland; 
'79,  C.  II.  Benton,  W.  Guiiderson ;  '80,  W.  A. 
Miller,  W.  Gunderson.  The  officers  for  1881  are: 
\V.  A.  .Miller,  W.  M.;  C.  Rothschild.  S.  W.;  C.  D. 
llaninioiid,  J.  W.;  John  Wilsou,  treasurer;  Wil- 
liam Gunderson,  secretary  ;  Ed  Martin.  S.  I).;  C. 
B.Tirrell,  J.  D.:  William  Cove,  tyler  ;  I).  15.  Kiiick- 
erbackcr.  cha)ilaiii.  The  lodge  numbers  21 5  mem- 
bers and  holds  meetings  on  the  second  and  I'nnith 
Wednesday  of  each  month. 

Minneapolis  Lodge,  No.  19.  On  the  7th  day  of 
.January,  1858,  the  M.  W.  (i.  fiHilge  of  Miiiiicsota 
granted  a  charterto  Joseph  Dean,  Joel  1!.  liassett, 
Frank  Beebe,  Emanuel  Case,  R.  K.  .Miles.  .J.  O. 
Weld.  A.  F.  McShee,  Oliver  Davis,  and  other 
brethren.  Master  .Masons.  On  the  23d  of  Janu- 
aiy,  a  meeting  of  the  brethren  whose  names  were 
on  the  petition  to  the  (Irand  Lodge  for  a  charter, 


454 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


was  held  in  the  Masonic  Hall  owned  by  John 
Jackins.  when  they  elected  their  fii-st  officers,  and 
on  Januar>  2iith  the  offieere  were  duly  installed 
by  A.  T.  C.  I'ierson,  .M.  AV.  G.  M.  of  Minnesota. 
In  1K.59  they  moved  their  Uulge  t«  a  hall  over  Meu- 
denhall  and  ]}eede"s  hank  on  First  street,  between 
Hennepin  and  Firet  Avenue  north.  In  1862, 
tliey  moved  to  a  hall  over  Flet<-her"s  store  on 
IJridge  square,  which  they  occupied  jointly  with 
Hennepin  Lod^re.and  remained  there  until  Janu- 
ary. ^H^7l^,  when  tliey  moved  into  tlieir  new  "  Ma- 
sonic Hall,"  which  they  still  occupy,  holding 
regular  meetings  on  first  and  second  Wednesday 
of  each  month.  The  first  officers  were:  Joseph 
Dean,  W.  M.:  J.  H.  ]?assett,  S.  W.:  Franklin 
Heebe,  J.  W.;  K.  li.  Miles,  secretary.  The 
officers  elected  December  18th,  1880,  were:  T. 
M.  Slos.«»on.  \V.  M.:  K.  E.  Smith.  S.  ^X.:  J.  M. 
Williams.  J.  W.:  J.  H.  Tlionipson.  Treasurer; 
1{.  Archibald,  Secretaiy.  The  membership  of 
this  lodge  was.  at  the  last  election,  one  hundred 
and  eighty-three. 

Khurun  Lodge.  Xo.  112,  A.  F. and  A.  M.  was 
organized  under  dispensation  granted  July  Kith. 
1874.  by  Charles  Griswold,  (i.  M.  of  Minnesota, 
to  thirty-eight  members.  The  officers,  under 
disi>ensatiun  were  :  A.  E.  Ames,  W.  M..  Edgar 
Nash,  S.  W.,  D.  M.  Goodwin,  J.  W..  M.  P. 
Hawkins,  secretary.  Charter  gninted  January 
i;uli.  Ih7.').  by  (inmd  Lmige  of  Mimiesota.  and 
l<Klge  constitirted  February  8th,  at  Excelsior  hall, 
Mlnnea|)oliK.  The  first  officera  were:  E.  M. 
Wil.son.  W.  M..  Edgiir  Nash.  S.  W.,  D.  M. 
(ioodwin.  J.  W.,  E.  J.  DaveniMirt.  secretiiry.  Of- 
lia-n*  for  1880;  E.  J.  Davenport.  W.  M.,  C.  M. 
Foote,  S.  W.,  Wm.  E.  Leonard,  J.  W. 

St.  Anthony  Falls  Chajitcr  No.  .S,  Koyal  Arch 
Mitsons.  Tliis  lodge  was  organized  under  the 
disiK'nsation  from  Charles  (iilman.  General  (irand 
High  I'riest  nf  the  I'nited  States,  dated  January 
•'itli.  IHAK.  to  ]{.  S.  Alden.  A.  E.  Ames,  (Jeo.  S. 
Eaton,  M.  W.  (;elchell.  D.  Grecnleaf.  1).  Ileaton, 
C.  E.  Hill.  (ieo.  A.  Camp  and  Sanniel  E.  Adams. 

The  first  convocjition  was  helil  January  22d, 
IS.')t,.  with  n.  S.  Alden,  11.  I'.,  A.  E.  Ames.  K.. 
Abijah  lihtkcnian,  S.,  H.  H.  Kryant,  sirretiiry. 
S«'i»teml»er  21iit,  186B,  a  cliarter  was  issued  by  the 
Genenil  (inind  Chaiiter.  .\lbcrt  H.  .Mackey,  (;.  (i. 
U.  1'.  The  lii-st  ollicei-s  under  chail4M'  wereelect- 
wl  Oct«lx;r22d.  18.3H,  as  follows:     R.  S.  Alden, 


H.  P.,  A.  E.  Ames.  K..  M.  W.  (ietchell,  S.,  D. 
Greenleaf,  secretary.  The  subsequent  years  the 
offices  of  II.  P.  and  secretary  have  been  filled 
as  follows:  IS.Vl.  A.  E.  Ames.  E. S.  Brown;  Feb- 
ruary 9th,  "61.  M.  W.  Getchell,  II.  P.,  June  22d, 
regular  election.  E.  Patch,  E.  S.  Brown;  '62, 
Simie  re-elected:  ■(i;^,  B.  S.  Alden,  E.  S.  Brown; 
'(ii  -i.  John  I.  Black,  E.  S.  Brown;  "66,  E.  Patch, 
G.  F.  Townsend;  '67,  George  A.  Camp,  O.  C. 
Merriman;  "i!H.  H.  W.  Cummlugs,  M.  P.  Hayes; 
"69-7(1.  B.  W.  Ciunniings.  E.  S.  Brown;  "72  ";{, 
William  Lodiren,  B.  W.  Cummiugs; '74.  William 
Lochren,  F.  L.  Smith;  "7.5,  H.  M.  Kent, 
Solon  Armstrong:  ■7(i,  F.  T^.  Smith,  Solon  Arm- 
strong: "77,  W.  C.  Xoble.  Solon  Armstrong;  "78, 
W.  A.  Morse,  Solon  Armstrong;  "79,  T.  G.  For- 
ster,  Solon  Armstrong.  The  list  of  officers 
for  1880.  were:  C.  II.  Benton,  H.  P..  M.  P. 
Hayes,  K.,  C.  W.  Weeks,  S..  Solon  Armstrong, 
secretary;  regular  cduxocations  on  the  tliird  Sat- 
urday of  each  iiKnitli.  at  Masonic  Hall,  cast  di- 
vision. 

St.  Jolm's  Chapter,  No.  9,  Bojal  Arch  Masons, 
was  organized  umlcr  disjiensation  granted  Janu- 
ary loth,  1866.  1,y  C.  W.  Nash,  G.  II.  P..  Minne- 
sota. Cliarter  dated  October  23d,  1866.  from 
Grand  Cliai)tcr  of  Mhuiesota.  C.  AV.  Xash,  G.  II. 
P.  The  regular  election  is  held  in  December. 
The  oflices  of  II.  P.  and  secretary  have  been  occu- 
pied as  follows:  "(>6.  .\.  E.  .\nies.  (ieorge  A. 
Savory;  "i>7.  W.  E;  .loncs.  A.  .\.  Ames:  "68,  H. 
L.  Bockey,  II.  K.  I'.alch  :  "69,  E.  A.lin.n.  A.  M. 
Shuey;  "70,  II.  L.  liockey,  E.  S.  Austin:  "71.  A. 
E.  Ames,  F.  L.  Clnnchill ;  "72,. I.  \V.  llcnnion,!!. 
Tannatt;  '73,  J.  W.  llennhoi,  11.  Tannatl  :  "74.  (J. 
W.  Cooley,  F.D.Carson;  '75,  A.  .\.  .\nics.  (J. 
AV.  Cooley;  "76,  E.  McDcnnott.  C.  (J.McDuf- 
fie;  "77,  J.  II.  Noble,  C.  C.  Lcland  :  "78,  G.  B. 
Cooley,  E.  McDermott ;  "79.  (;.  li.  Cooley.  E.  Mc- 
Dermott.  In  Isso  the  officers  were  :  G.  B.  Coo- 
ley, II.  P.:  A.  II.  Salisbury.  K.:  John  Wilson,  S. 
Selah  Matthews,  Secretary.  Hegidar  convoca- 
tions, third  Tuesday  of  each  month,  at  Masonic 
Hall.  Hennepin  .Vvcnue.  .Minneapolis. 

Miinieapolis  Council.  Xo.  2.  li.  and  S.  M..  or- 
ganized under  dispensation  fioin  B.  Crabbe, 
(Jrand  Master  of  Iowa.  .May  2th.  1870,  and  char- 
tered October  Istli.  Is70.  by  the  (fraud  Couni-il 
of  Iowa.  The  ollicers  under  dispensation  were  : 
A.  K.  Ani.'s.  T.  I.  .\I.;  H.  S.  Alden.  D.  M.:  1).  M. 


MASONIC  SOCIETIES. 


455 


Goodwin,  P.  C.  W.;  G.  Savory,  Rec.  The  office 
of  T.  I.  ;m.  under  the  charter  has  smee  been  filled 
by  the  following  persons:  '70-1-2-3,  D.  M.  Good- 
win ;  ■74-0,  G.  W.  Cooley  ;  "76,  E.  McDermott; 
■77,  (;.  B.  Cooley  ;  "78-9,  AV.  A.  Spatilding.  The 
officers  of  1S80  were  :  I.  M.  Williams,  T.  I.  M.; 
William  Cheney,  R.  I.  I).  M.:  C.  M.  Foote,  P. 
C.  W.,  J.  A.  Schlener,  Rec;  T.  F.  Hurley,  Treas. 
Regular  assemblies  are  held  on  the  third  Monday 
of  each  month. 

Adoniram  Council,  No.  5,  R.  apd  S.  M.,  Min- 
neapolis East.  Charter  was  granted  February 
18th,  1876,  by  the  Grand  Council  of  Mmnesota, 
George  W.  Cooley,  Grand  Master,  to  William 
Lochren,  M.  W.  (ietchell,  F.  L.  Smith,  H.  M. 
Kent,  Christopher  ( ireeley,  .Jonathan  Chase,  .J.  W. 
Heunion,  S.  X.  Whitney,  E.  C,  Pratt,  .John  Wil- 
son and  R.  S.  Alden.  The  council  was  consti- 
tiited  by  George  W.  Cooley.  G.  .M.,  March,  27th, 
1876,  at  which  time  the  follo\\ing  officers  were 
elected :  William  I^ochren,  T.  I.  M.;  .M.  W. 
GetcheU,  D.  M.;  F.  L.  Smith,  P.  C.  W.:  AV.  C. 
Noble,  Recorder.  The  offices  T.  I.  M.  and 
Recorder,  have  been  since  filled  by  the  following: 
■76,  AV.  Lochren,  W.  C.  Noble;  77,  F.  L.  Smith, 
AA'.  C.  Noble.;  "78,  O.  A.  Broughton,  AV.  C.  No- 
ble; '79,  H.  M.  Kent,  Solon  Armstrong.  In  1880, 
the  following  were  elected,  C.  11.  Benton,  T.  I. 
M.;  AA^.  E.  Johnson,  D.  M.;  O.  A.  Broughton, 
P.  C.  AA^.;  Solon  Armstrong.  Recorder.  Regular 
meetings  are  held  on  the  second  Mondaj-  of  each 
month,  at  Masonic  Hall,  Minneapolis  East. 

Zion  Commandery  No.  2,  Knights  Templar, 
was  organized  under  dispensation  granted  by 
B.  B.  French,  Grand  ^Master,  Knights  Templar, 
for  the  United  States,  May  19th  1863.  The  first 
officers  were:  A.  E.  Ames.  E.  ('.;  J.  M.  Eustis, 
G.;  II.  F.  Balch,  C.  G.  Cliarter  was  granted 
September  7th,  I860,  by  Henry  L.  Palmer,  Grand 
Master  Knights  Templar,  United  States.  Com- 
mandeiT  constituted  by  A.  T.  C.  Pierson,  Sep- 
tember 2otli.  186.5,  A.  E.  Ames,  E.  C;  (i.  A. 
Savory,  Rec.  Those  offices  have  been  filled  as 
follows:  "66,  A.  E.  Ames,  (i.  A.  Savorj-;  "67,  R. 
S.  Alden,  H.  L.  Rocky:  "68,  J.  I.  Bla.k,  A.  M. 
RadcUffe;  "69,  M.  AV.  (Jetchell.  H.  G.  Howe; 
"70,  M.  AV.  GetcheU,  Paul  Fitzgerald;  71,  II.  L. 
Rocky,  Paul  Fitzgerald;  "72,  D.  M.  Goodwin,  A. 
L.  Scott:  "73,  A.  A.  Ames.  J.  F.  Lowe;  "74,  .1.  I. 
Black.  II.  G.  Ilicks;  "75,  J.  I.  Black,  A.  L.  Scott; 


'76,  A.  A.  Ames,  A.  L.  Scott;  '77,  E.  McDermott, 
A.L.Scott;  '78,  E.  McDermott,  A.  L.  Scott; 
"79,  J.  I.  Black,  E.  McDermott;  "80,  J.  I.  Black, 
E.  McDermott.  Meetings  held  at  Masonic  Hall, 
second  Tuesday  of  each  month. 

Darius  Commandery,  No.  7,  Knights  Templar, 
ilinneapolis  East.  Dispensaton  was  granted  by 
Eminent  Sir  Knight.  George  L.  Otis,  Grand  Com- 
mander of  Mumesota,  Februaiy  1st,  1871.  The 
first  officers  under  dispensation  were,  R.  S.  Al- 
den, E.  C;  M.  AV.  GetcheU,  (;.;  AVilliam  Loch- 
ren, C.  G.;  E.  S.  Brown,  recorder.  Warrant  was 
dated  July  28, 1871,  from  the  (irand  Commandery 
of  Minnesota,  A.  E.  Ames,  Grand  Commander; 
officers,  E.  C.  and  recorder  elected  since  date  of 
charter  are  as  follows,  '71,  R.  S.  Alden,  E.  S. 
Brown;'  72,  AVilliam  Lochren,  E.  C.  AVhitney; 
'73,  AVilliam  Lochren,  E.  C.  AVhitney;  '74,  M.  AV. 
GetcheU,  George  F.  Townsend.  '75,  AA^.  C.  No- 
ble, C.  F.  Smith;  '76-7-8,  AV.  C.  Noble,  Solon 
Armstrong;  '79,  H.  M.  Kent,  Solon  Armstrong. 
The  officers  for  1880,  were:  F.  L.  Smith,  E.  C; 
T.  G.  Forster,  G.;  C.  H.  Benton,  C.  G.;  Solon 
Armstrong,  recorder.  Regular  meetings  are  held 
first  Monday  of  each  month  at  Masonic  Hall,  E. 
D. 

Excelsion  Lodge  of  Perfection,  No.  3,  was  in- 
stituted under  authority  granted  to  A.  E.  Ames, 
by  S.  W.  McMasters,  deputy  of  the  state  of  Min- 
nesota. Charter  was  granted  June  23,  1873,  by 
A.  E.  Ames,  special  deputy.  The  first  officers 
were,  R.  S.  Alden,  G.  M.;  D.  M.  Goodwin,  S. 
AV.;  M.  AV.  GetcheU,  J.  AV.;  G.  B.  Cooley, 
secretary.  The  ofiicers  for  1880,  were,  D.  M. 
Goodwin,  (i.  M.;  J.  H.  Noble.  S.  AV.;  C.  II.  Ben- 
ton, J.  AA'.;  F.  L.  Smith,  secretary.  Lodge  meets 
second  Thursday  of  each  month  at  Masonic 
Hall. 

St.  A'incent  de  Paul,  Chapter  of  Hose  Croix, 
No.  1.  Charter  was  granted  December  13,  1S73, 
from  the  sovereign  (irand  Council  of  the  thirty- 
third  degree,  by  Albert  (t.  Mackey,  Sovereign 
(iraiiil  Commander.  The  charter  members  were, 
A.  K.  Ames.  D.  ]}.  Knickerbacker,  G.  L.  Chase, 
1).  M.  (ioodwin,  E.  B.  Ames,Fraiik]5eebe.  J.  AV. 
Heunion,  J.  H.  Xoble.  William  Lochreti,  M.  \V. 
GetcheU,  M.  P.  Hawkins,  K.  M.  Wilson,  U.  S.  Al- 
den. The  officers  elected  in  1880,  were,  William 
Lochren,  M.  AV.  M.:  R.S.  Inness,  S.  AA'.;  J.  II. 
Thompson,  J.  AA^.;  F.  L.  Smith,  secretary.    Reg- 


■ioB 


HIS70BY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


tilar  meetings  third  Tuesday  of  each  month  at 
Masonic  Hall. 

Minneai-olis  Consistory  Xo.  2.  tliirty-tirst  to 
and  thirty-second  degrees,  was  constituted  April 
27th,  l!S8(i,  by  (J.  W.  Merrill  of  St.  Paul.  The 
oflicers  are:  C.  II.  Benton,  M.  of  K.;  S.  E.  Adams, 
prior;  J.  II.  Xohle.  preceptor;  J.  II.  Thompson, 
chancellor;  E.  McDermott.  registrar.  Lodge 
meets  at  Ma.sonic  Hall,  East  Division. 

Alfred  Elisha  Ames  I'receptory  Xo.  2,  Knights 
of  Kado.sh.  eighteenth  to  thirtieth  degrees.  Char- 
ter wasgianted  March  2(ith.  issd.  hy  Albert  Pike. 
and  constitued  by  G.  W.  Merrill.  The  officers 
are:  A.  E.  Iligbee,  C.  II.  Benton,  II.  G.  Hicks; 
E.  McUerniott.  recorder.  The  lodge  meets  on 
the  fourth  Thursday  of  each  month  at  Masonic 
Hall. 

Minneapolis  Chapter.  Xo.  9.  Order  of  the  East- 
ern Star,  was  organized,  August  .Slst,  1.S74.  with 
forty-six  members,  one-half  of  whom  were  la<iies. 
The  O;  E.  S.  is  a  masonic  degree  which  is  con- 
ferred on  the  wives  and  daughters  of  masons 
only.  In  addition  to  the  object  of  other  masonic 
lodges  it  is  intended  to  bring  ladies  and  gentle- 
men together  socially.  The  officers  for  1874  were: 
(Jeorgie  P.  Jones,  worthy  niatmn  :  C.  W.  Putnam. 
Worthy  patron  :  Kllen  I'utnam.a.ssociate  matron: 
-Mary  A.  (ioodrich.  treasurer :  Sophia  P.  Munson. 
s<*<Telar>-.  The  oflicei-s  for  1881  are.  Kate  Cove. 
W.  M.:  A.  C.  Brand.  W.  P.;  Sarah  Bell.  Patten, 
secretary;  Cooley.  treasurer ;  Jacoby,  conductor. 
.Stated  communications  are  held  the  Ijrst  and 
third  Tuesdays  of  each  month  at  ilasonic  Hall, 
on  Hennepin  Avenue. 

Hannony  Chapter.  Xo.  8.  Order  of  the  Kastern 
Star.  .MinneaiKilis  Kast.-  Theorgairi/ation  of  this 
(■lia|)ter  was  effected  August  2ittli.  1874.  iu  the 
lutU  of  Cataract  I.odge,  Xo.  2,  by  I).  \V.  Thomp- 
Kon,  Deputy  (irand  Patron,  and  tin-  t.iiiowing 
olIlcerK  elected  at  that  time:  Sarah  li.  Ann- 
Htning,  W.  M.;  William  l-nclnen,  W.  P.;  Hannah 
C.  Conner,  A.  M.:  Olive  C.  Davis.  Secrctarj-. 
The  ofllrers  W.  M.  and  Secretary  have  since  been 
aM  follows:  1874,  Sarah  H.  Armstrong.  Olive  C. 
DbvIk;  187-'i.  H.  F.  <'onner.  O.  (".Davis;  1870,  O. 
C.  Davis.  Mary  S.  (Jetehell;  1877.  Helen  Valen- 
tine. Henrielta  Hollett;  1878,  Henrietta  HoUett, 
Martha  Sibley;  l871i,  Harriet  Weeks,  Flora 
.MiKire.  The  oflicers  elected  in  1880  were:  Lois 
Philbrick.  W.  M;  Solon  Armstrong,  AV.  P.:  Mary 


Pratt.  A.  M.;  Flora  Moore.  Secretary.  Regular 
meetings  second  and  fourth  Tuesdays  of  each 
month  at  Masonic  Hall,  East  Division. 

St.  Anthony  and  Miiuieai>olis  Typographical 
I'nion.  Xo.  42.— On  the  evening  of  August  17th. 
1859,  eight  of  the  eleven  journeymen  printers  of 
St.  Anthony  and  Minneapolis  met  in  the  office  of 
the  "St.  Anthony  Kxpress""  and  organized  a  Print- 
ers" I'nion  under  the  name  of  the  "  St.  Anthony 
and  Minneapolis  Typographical  Union,""  and 
elected  the  following  board  of  offieere:  Daniel 
L.  Pain,  president:  .\.  .1.  I'nderwood.  vice-pres- 
ident; II.  C.  Shaw,  financial  secretary;  A.  C. 
Squires,  corresponding  secretary;  II.  W.  Ha- 
ven, recording  secretary;  J.  B.  Chaney,  treas- 
urer. Immediate  application  was  made  for  a 
cliarter  from  the  National  I'nion.  which  was 
promptly  granted,  bearing  date  of  September 
10th,  is.-)ii.  The  charter  members  were  D.  L. 
Pain.  A.  .1.  luderwood.  A.  C.  Squires,  H.  C. 
Shaw.  11.  W.  Haven. .1.  B.  Chaney,  Benj.  Drake, 
W.  C.  ,\llau.  William  llarpt,  James  Mowatt  and 
II.  il.  Melcalf.  The  I'nion  was  prosperous,  hav- 
ing at  one  time  on  its  list  every  journeyman 
printer  within  its  jurisdiction.  The  war  of  the 
rebellion  practically  dissolved  the  organization, 
five  of  its  nicuibers  entering  the  I'nion  army, 
viz:  11.  M.  Mctcall'.  iu  the  Fifth  Xew  Hami>- 
sbire  :  ().  S.  King,  iu  the  First  Miiuiesota  ;  A. 
J.  I'nderwood.  C.  ,AV.  T.  Widstrand  and  J.  B. 
Clianey,  in  the  Second  Company  .Minnesota  Sharp 
Shooters,  afterwards  Companv  L,  First  Minne- 
sota. Of  these  live,  tw  o  are  dead  -Metcalf  killed 
in  battle,  and  King  died  of  consuuipliou  iu  Min- 
neapolis a  year  or  two  since.  The  other  meml)ers 
are  still  working  at  tlic  printing  business  in  dif- 
ferent capa<'ities.  The  charter  and  seal  are  still 
in  the  hands  of   the  last  President,  .1.  li.  Chaney. 

Minnciiiiolis  Tn  pographiial  rniou.  No.  42. 
Till'  .MiiMK'apolisT.N  pograiihical  Inion  isa  branch 
of  the  Inleruational  Typographical  Cuion  of 
Xorlh  Anierica,  whose  numbers  now  reach  nearly 
two  hundred.  Xo.  42  formerly  belonged  St.  An- 
thony I'nion.  organized  iu  18.')9.  which  was  dis- 
banded in  1802.  by  most  of  its  members  enlisting 
in  the  union  army-  The  Miinicapolis  I'nion  was 
organized  in  December,  1872,  the  preliminary 
meetings  being  held  in  the  Tribune  and  KveniTig 
News  rocuns.  The  first  olVners  elected  were  :  Ja- 
cob Dreher,  president ;  William  11.  Hughes,  treas- 


MINNEAPOLIS  TURN  YEREIN. 


457 


urer ;  William  W.  Lyon,  vice-president ;  George 
McDonald,  recording  and  corresponding  secretary; 
Goddard  Park,  flnancial  secretary;  J.  II.  Perry, 
sergeant  at  arms  ;  and  a  board  of  live  directors. 
Its  object  is  to  cherish,  protect  and  pronndgate 
the  interests  and  rights  of  tlie  I'nion,  to  abolish 
injurious  privileges,  and  bring  under  llie  con- 
straint of  wholesome  duty  all  its  mendiers.  The 
organization  was  supported  by  nominal  duesouly. 
and  the  sick  or  distressed  members  received  ben- 
eflts,  and  all  deceased  members  should  have  a  liu- 
mane  and  Christian  burial,  Tlie  society  lias 
bnried  tliree  of  its  members  since  its  orgiiniza- 
tion,  two  lying  in  '•  Lakewood,"  and  one  sent  East 
to  friends.  A  burial  lot  has  been  purchased  in 
the  above  cemeterv,  and  steps  taken  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  suitable  monument  thereon,  Tlie  of- 
ficers elected  in  .January  last  for  the  year  1881  are: 
John  McDonald,  president :  E.  O'Brien,  vice- 
president  ;  J,  T,  ^Nlannix,  recording  and  corres- 
ponding secretary ;  Cliarles  S.  Moore  financial 
secretary ;  C,  B,  C,  Doherty,  treasurer ; 
George  S,  Cyphers  sergeant  at  arms ;  executive 
board,  John  McDonald,  W,  A.  Allen,  T.  A, 
Clark,  J,  B,  Meacham.  The  society  is  flourish- 
ing, new  members  being  added  at  every  meeting. 
Meetings  are  held  the  first  Sunday  in  every  month. 
This  day  is  selected  to  accommodate  tlie  morning 
newspaper  printers, 

^Minneapolis  Turn  Yerein,  Tliis  society  was 
organized  in  April,  1862,  with  twenty-five  mem- 
bers, who  elected  Adam  Kegel  president,  Matliias 
Rothaker  vice-president,  N,  Ros.sbach  recording 
secretary,  John  Wall  corresponding  secretary, 
Albert  Lieber  financial  secretary,  John  Foster 
treasiurer,  Rudolph  Lieber  term  teacher,  Lamb. 
Hays  assistant  term  teacher,  Gerhardt  Boemchen 
warden.  The  first  money  invested  was  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  dollars.  The  first  building  for 
turning  exercises  was  erected  on  First  street,  be- 
tween Third  and  Fourth  Avenues  north,  on  a 
leased  lot,  at  a  cost  of  about  .?l,oOO.  In  a  short 
time  tlie  society  increased,  and  at  present  has  a 
membership  of  107.  In  October,  1878,  tlie  hall 
was  destroyed  by  fire.  After  the  fire  the  .society 
rented  a  hall  in  Dr.  p;vaiis"  block,  for  temiinrary 
occupancy,  to  avoid  any  interruption  in  the  gym- 
nastic exercises.  In  1877,  the  society  secured  the 
services  of  Mr.  Adier,  a  regularly  educated  term 
teacher,  who  remained  with  them  nine  months, 


when  he  resigned  his  position  in  favor  of  Charles 
O.  Lampe,  a  gentleman  who  graduated  from  the 
seminary  at  Milwaukee.  In  July,  1870,  the  soci- 
ety bought  a  lot  on  Washington  Avenue,  corner 
of  Fifth  Avenue  north,  and  erected  a  hall  at  a 
cost  of  !(i24,0(10.  This  hall  is  fitted  up  in  lirst- 
dass  style,  with  all  necessary  improvements  in 
machiiiery  and  r('(|uirements  of  a  first-class  gym- 
nasium. At  present  the  teacher  and  liis  assist- 
ants instruct  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  child- 
ren in  gymnastics,  besides  the  exercises  tlie  mem- 
bers of  the  society  have  under  his  direction  and 
guidance. 

The  objects  of  the  society  are  as  follows;  '-We, 
tlie  Turners  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
tlirough  this  union,  under  the  name  of  the  N. 
A.  T.  I'.,  have  in  view  the  mutual  encourage- 
ment of  each  other  in  the  education  of  thorough- 
ly cultured  men,  intellectually  and  bodily. 

"We  recognize  in  the  diitusioii  of  knowledge 
and  the  fostering  of  morals,  the  only  means  for 
a  thorough  reform-  in  the  social,  political  and  re- 
ligious life.  We  advocate  and  strive  after  the 
development  of  a  jiopular  government  on  a  genu- 
ine humane  and  popular  basis.  Every  attempt 
at  a  restriction  of  religious  toleration,  as  well  as 
all  abridgments  of  human  rights,  wliich  oppose 
perfection  and  building  up  of  our  liberal  institu- 
tions, will  (111  this  account  be  lirnily  resisted  by 
us.'"  The  I'liion,  of  which  this  society  is  a  branch, 
numliers  now  aliout  1.5.()(I0  memliers  in  the  I'liited 
States.  The  present  officers  are:  John  Forler, 
president;  Henry  Ilauschild,  vice-president;  (iott- 
fried  Bachner,  recording  secretary;  Jacob  Staff, 
corresponding  secretary;  Herman  Westphal,  fl- 
nancial secretary;  Edward  Bernstein,  treasurer; 
Charles  O.  Lampe,  teacher;  John  H.  Roth,  first 
assistant  teacher;  William  Monasch,  second  as- 
sistant teaclier;I).  Lesskojus,  warden  and  janitor. 

Sunday  Science  Club,  organized  Oclolier,  isso, 
by  an  association  of  students  interested  in  sci- 
ence, to  consider  topics  of  natural  and  social  sci- 
ence. They  meet  every  Sunday  afternoon  from 
two.  to  four;  the  first  hour  Is  devoted  to  topics  of 
natural  science,  and  the  second  hour  to  social  sci- 
ence. During  the  summer  season  they  expect  to 
do  some  field  work  in  botany,  geology,  etc.  Pres- 
ent officers,  C.  II.  1)11  Bois,  jiresident;  \.  M. 
(ireeley,  vice-prcsidcul;  T.  S.  Curtis,  secretary, 
V.  Triiesdale,  treasurer. 


458 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Lurliiie  Boat  Club  of  Miniieaimlis.  organized 
and  iiicon>orated  July  iitli.  1877.  The  present  i)f- 
lic-ers  are.  L.  E.  Harrison.  i)resident;  J.  Kennedy, 
vice-president:  W.  W.  Hoss.  secretary:  Kd.  H 
Clement,  treasurer;  A.  J.  Levering,  captain;  M' 
II.  Eddy,  coxswain;  directore,  A.  J.  Levering,  AV. 
E.  l$\n-\vell.  A.  A.  Pond:  L.  E.  Harrison,  ten- 
dered his  resignation  December  1,  IhSU.  which 
was  accepted,  and  George  Wel)ster,  elected  to  the 
vacancy.  The  club  numbers  forty  membei-s,  iind 
is  in  a  nourishing  condition,  linanciallx  and  oth- 
erwise. Their  Iwat-house  is  located  on  the  east 
side  of  Lake  Calhoun. 

Miinieapolis  Driving  Park  Asssocialiou.  Thi.s 
a.ssociation  was  organized  in  March,  1880.  It 
nunilwrs  one  hundred  members,  and  is  in  a  pros- 
perous condition.  The  treasurer  has  at  this  date 
alxiut  live  hundred  dollars  in  the  treasury.  It  is 
the  intention  of  the  association  to  make  arrange- 
ments Willi  the  owners  of  the  fair  ground 
track  iif  continue  the  use  of  the  same  for  the  en- 
suing year.  The  present  olllcers  are.  V.  C.  Pills- 
bury,  president;  .1.  L.  Cadwell,  vice-president.  J. 
C.  Oswald,  treasurer:  8.  15.  Lovejoy,  secretary; 
executive  committee;  J.  C.  Oswald,  G.  L.  Cad- 
well. S.  15.  Lovejoy,  F.  C.  Pillsbury,  H.  F.  .bmes. 
William  Ensign. 

The  I'nion  \'eteran  Association  of  llcmicpin 
cnunlv  was  organized  June.  24th.  I8811.  imrsuaiit 
to  arrangements  made  at  (irand  .\rm>  lot.  Lay- 
men cemetery  on  Decoration  dav.  in  1880. 
,\bout  seventy-live  conirailes  took  jiarl  in  the  or- 
ganization. .Meetings  held  second  Tuesday  of 
each  month.  First  oHicers  were:  Col.  K.  C.  llenton. 
presiilent ;  John  i'.  Hea,  lirst  vice-presiilent ;  II. 
(;.  Hicks,  second  vice-pi-esident :  \\'.  1'.  Uoberts, 
si'cretary:  C.  .\.  Clauson.  treasurer.  .Meetings 
held  regularly  until  .lanuary,  IhhI.  when  it  was 
unanimouKly  resolved  to  organize  the  association 
into  a  |hihI  (irand  .\rmy  of  the  Hepublic,  anil  the 
result  was  George  N.  .Morgan  Post  .No.  4.  Or- 
ganized Januarv  isth.  1881.  by  Adam  .Maity,  dep- 
piity  commaniler.  with  forty-live  members.  The 
first  oMicers  were:  John  P.  Hea.  <'onuuander : 
David  .M.  Gilniore.  wnior  vice-coinniander ;  Pres- 
ton C<Hiper.  junior  vice-commander:  William  P. 
KolM-rtx.  adjutJint ;  Charles  A.  Claii.son,  (|uart«r- 
ma.Hler;  Peter  P.  Swenson.  oMii-er  of  the  day  ;  E. 
C.  Uabli.  chaplain  :  .Mfreil  F.  Foster,  oMicer  of 
the  guard  :  <'.  H.  Tirrill,  sergeant  major:  Lewis 


Maish.  quartermaster's  sergeant.    Meetings  held 
on  the  second  and  fourth  Tuesday  of  each  month. 

Tlie  Har  Association  of  Hennepin  County, 
was  organized  in  1872.  The  object  of  this  asso- 
ciation is  to  foster  courtesy  and  unity  of  senti- 
ment among  its  members;  to  raise  the  Bar  of  the 
county  to  the  highest  plane  of  eiruiency  and 
honor,  and  to  further  all  projects  tending  to  im- 
prove the  law,  and  the  practice  of  it.  Any  mem- 
ber of  the  bar  of  this  comity  in  good  standing, 
may  become  a  member  of  this  association  by  pay- 
ing an  annual  fee  of  two  dollars,  and  sul)scribing 
to  its  articles  of  association.  Officers,  Judge  A. 
II.  Young,  president ;  C.  II.  Woods,  secretary; 
Thomas  Lowry,  treasurer.  The  officers  of  the 
association  form  an  executive  committee,  who 
ma.\-  call  meetings  of  the  association  wlien- 
ever  they  deem  it  necessary.  This  association  is 
composed  of  twenty-two  of  the  leading  lawyers  of 
the  city.  The  last  meeting  of  the  association 
was  held  at  the  office,  of  Shaw,  Levi  and  Cray, 
January  (ith,  1881,  at  which  time  some  imiiortant 
business  connected  with  the  liar  was  transacted. 
The  present  officers  are  J.  M.  Shaw,  president; 
C.  M.  Woods,  secretary ;  Thomas  Lowiy,  treas- 
urer. 

The  Junior  Har  -Vssociation,  organized  Decem- 
ber 8tli.  187i»,  with  M.  P.  Koon,  president;  C.  G. 
Park,  vice-president ;  John  F.  Byers,  secretary, 
.\.  B.  Ovitt,  treasurer.  This  a.ssociation  was  or- 
ganized for  the  purpose  of  mutual  improvement. 
The  design  was  to  have  lectures  by  able  lawyei-s, 
and  papers  and  discussions  by  members  of  the  as- 
sociation. They  have  had  some  very  interesting 
meetings,  which  have  resulted  in  much  benelit 
toit«tweiit\  luiiiiliers.  The  officers  of  1879  still 
hold  office. 

The  Historical  and  Old  Sclllcis  .Vssdcialion 
of  Minneapolis,  was  organized  .lainiaiy  sth.  1867. 
The  lirst  meeting  of  the  association  was  held  at 
the  ollice  of  .ludge  .Mwater  to  jn'rlcct  thi'ir  or- 
ganization, and  the  election  of  the  following  offi- 
cers: .\.  K,  .\mms.  ,M.  D.,  president;  Allen  Har- 
iw'iu  and  .Inhn  iiollins,  vice-iiresidents;  Edwin 
llciichTlv.  treasurer;  B.  B.  .Meeker,  secretary. 
The  following  gentlemen  were  appointed  com- 
mittee on  by-laws:  Isaac  Atwater,  J.  B.  Ba.ssett, 
Edward  Murphy.  James  H.  Canney.  H.  W.  Ciiiu- 
niiiigs.  .\.  B.  Foster.  ()bje<'t  :  For  the  purpose 
of  preserving  in  sound  autlienti<'  form  the  early 


HUMANE  SOCIETIES. 


459 


incidents  and  events  connected  with  our  settle- 
ment, as  well  as  for  tlie  purpose  of  preserving 
friendships  early  formed  and  heing  cherished. 
It  now  has  a  membership  of  aljnnt  two  hundred 
and  fifty.  Its  present  oflicers  are  ("ol.  .lolni  II. 
Ste\ens,  president;  Caleb  Dorr,  vice-president; 
R.  P.  Russell,  treasurer;  John  G.  Lemion,  sec- 
retary. 

The  Frohsinn  Singing  Society  of  .Miniicapdlis 
was  organized  August  loth,  ISTii.  The  present 
oflicers  are:  Henry  Ilauschild,  president;  Will- 
iam (Jrotjen,  vice-president;  Joseph  Ranch, 
treasurer ;  Peter  Weinand,  secretary.  Music 
Committee— Charles  Fust,  William  (Jrotjen  and 
Ferdinand  Ilaase. 

Minneapolis  Bycycle  Club. — This  club  was  or- 
ganized in  March,  1880,  and  the  following  otBcers 
duly  elected:  C.  H.  Hathaway,  president,  C.  J. 
Brown,  secretary  and  treasin'er;  E.  B.  Clement, 
captain.  It  has  at  present  twelve  active  mem- 
bers. Object — physical  training.  It  is  in  a  fknu'- 
ishing  condition,  financially  and  socially. 

The  Minneapolis  Art  Association.  -This  asso- 
ciation was  organized  in  the  spring  of  1S81,  the 
organizing  committee  consisting  of  Professor  R. 
W.  Laing,  J.  R.  Wilson,  Rev.  T.  M.  Riley,  C.  H. 
Du  Bois,  Mrs.  Dr.  Murray  and  Miss  Robson. 
The  scope  and  object  of  the  association  are  very 
well  expressed  In  the  following:  The  plan  of  the 
organization  contemplates  the  securing  of  suita- 
ble rooms  and  appointments,  the  formation  of  an 
art  library,  the  collection  of  works  of  art,  course 
of  lectures,  the  organization  of  art  classes,  stated 
exhibitions  of  works  of  art,  including  loan  ex- 
hibits from  Minneapolis  and  other  cities,  and  siidi 
other  means  of  aesthetic  and  general  culture,  as 
lies  within  the  province  of  similar  associations. 
Its  officers  are  as  follows:  W.  S.  Ilinkle,  presi- 
dent; G.  B.  Kirkbride,  vice-president;  J.  K.  Wil- 
son, secretary;  E.  II.  Moulton,  trea.surer.  The 
association  starts  off  with  over  one  bundled 
members,  and  with  excellent  prosjiei'ts  foi-  the 
future. 

Harmonia.  A  German  society,  organized  Feb- 
ruary 9th,  1861,  for  the  purpose  of  cultivating 
singing,  art,  and  education  in  general.  The  fol- 
lowing were  the  officers  elected  at  the  time  nf  its 
organization:  Alois  Knoblauch,  president  ;  I'nd 
(iuesmer,  vice-president;  Ileiurich  Rii)pe,  sf^cre- 
tary  ;  Cornelius  Frederich,  treasurer.    The  Har- 


monia Society  is  in  a  very  prosperous  condition, 
the  records  showing  a  membership  of  one  hun- 
dred and  ninety-five.  They  have  an  excel- 
lent male-choir  of  thirty-two,  and  a  mixed  choir 
of  seventy-two  members.  Tliey  also  have  theat- 
ricals, where  much  artistic  skill  is  displayed.  The 
present  officers  are :  Peter  Rauen,  president ; 
John  I).  Myer,  vice-president;  Louis  Cressler, 
recording  secretary  ;  C.  C.  Sclniltz,  financial  sec- 
retary; Alois  Knolilaucli,  treasurer 

Minneapolis  Moral  and  Humane  Society.  This 
society  was  organized  Xovcmber  2-5th,  1879.  Its 
object  shall  be  to  aid  in  educating  the  children 
and  youth  of  Minneapolis  to  be  honest,  moral 
and  humane,  both  to  human  beings  and  to  ani- 
mals. Section  three  provides  that  there  shall  be 
nothing  in  its  management  to  interfere  with  its 
receiving  the  full  support  of  all  good  persons  of 
all  parties  and  chui'ches  whatsoever.  Original 
officers  :  president.  Rev.  E.  S.  Williams  ;  vice- 
presidents,  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  A.  C.  Rand,  General 
I.  V.  C.  Reeve,  Prof.  W.  W.  Folwell,  Major  W. 
Lyman,  Prof.  O.  V.  Tousley,  J.  H.  Tuttle,  D.  D., 
Rev.  T.  M.  Riley,  (i.  A.  Brackett,  Thomas  Low- 
ry,  D.  C.  Bell,  A.  B.  Ovitl,  William  Burwell,  Miss 
Ella  Lindley ;  secretary,  Mrs.  John  Douglass. 
The  duties  of  the  office  have  from  the  first  been 
discharged  by  Miss  Abby  A.  Judson,  who  is  the 
present  secretary.  Tlie  treasurer  was  Mrs.  Paris 
(iibson.  The  meetings  are  held  the  first  Tuesday 
of  each  month,  at  ^liss  J udson's  school-room,  411 
Nicollet  Avenue.  Present  officers  are  :  Rev.  Dr. 
J.  H.  Tuttle,  president ;  Rev.  T.  M.  Riley,  vice- 
president;  Aliby  A.  Judson,  secretary;  Mrs. 
Ciunmings,  treasurer. 

Auti-Cruelty  Socif^ty.  This,  called  the  Min- 
neapolis liranch  of  Minnesota  Anti-Cruelty  So- 
ciety for  the  pi-cvention  of  cruelty  to  animals, 
was  organized  in  January,  1878;  first  president. 
Rev.  D.  B.  Knickerbacker,  I).  D..  who  has  con- 
tinued its  president  ever  since.  First  vice-presi- 
dents, O.  V.  Tousley,  (ieorge  A.  Brackett,  J.  II. 
Clark;  treasurer,  W.  H.  ('hamberlain;  secretary 
and  attorney,  Albert  B.  Ovitt.  Its  object  is  to 
provide  effective  means  for  the  preventi(m  of  cru- 
elty to  animals  within  its  jurisdictinii.  es|>ecially 
in  the  city  of  Miimeapolls.  Its  annual  meeting 
occurs  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  Januaiy  nf  each 
year. 

Cottage   Hospital.     This  excellent  institution 


460 


HISTORY  OF  HENNHPIN  COUNTY. 


was  founded  by  the  Brotherhood  of  Gethsemane, 
and  oi>ened  for  the  reception  of  patients  in 
March.  1K7I.  in  ivntcd  huililiiig.  corner  of  Wash- 
ington Aveinie  and  Xintli  Avenue  north.  About 
five  hundred  dolhirs  was  secured  for  furnisliing 
tlie  building,  from  citizens  of  Minneapolis.  Ma- 
sons and  Odd  Fellows  contrilintcd  liherally  to- 
wards it.  In  ^larcli,  1S74,  a  house  and  lot,  corner 
of  Ninth  Avenue  south  and  Sixth  street  was 
purchased  of  (iovernor  C.  C.  'Washbuni.  at 
a  cost  of  six  thousiind  live  hundred  dollars. 
Money  being  contributed  by  the  citizens  of  Min- 
neapolis, and  secured  on  the  solicitations  of  D. 
H.  Knickerliacker  I).  I)..  su|)erintpndent.  In 
1H79-SO.  two  ailditional  lots  were  purchased  ad- 
joining its  site,  at  a  cost  of  ♦2.100,  money  con- 
tributed as  before.  The  whole  number  of  pati- 
ents receiveil  February  1st,  1H81,  is  1.102,  of 
which  about  one  third  have  been  charity  or  free 
IMtients.  one  (niarter  private  jiatients,  the  re- 
mainder. I'ity  and  county.  As  yet.  the  Ilo.spital 
has  no  enilowment.  It  is  hoped  that  by  liberal 
donations  or  legiicies  of  wealthy  citizens  of  Min- 
neajHilis.  it  may  become  a  free  hospital.  Rev.  D* 
U.  Kni<-kerbacker  1).  I).,  founder  and  superinten- 
dent: sister  .\nnette.  matron. 

Voung  Men's  Christian  As.socialiun.  This  asso- 
rlation  was  organized  July  11, 186(5,  with  the  fol- 
lowing oHI<-ers:  David  ('.  Hell,  president:  Hon. 
('.  K.  N'anderburgh,  vice-prcsiilcnt :  .\.  W.  Wil- 
liamson s(*cond  vice-i)residenl :  .1.  A.  Wolverton, 
<-orresiMUiding  se<Tetary:  ('.  .1.  .lohnson.  recording 
secretary:  ('.  I).  Davidson,  treasurer.  The  rooms 
first  occupied  were  situated  between  Kiret  street 
and  the  Suspension  bridge.  Several  other  places 
wew  occupied  from  time  to  time,  until  1H77, 
when  the  association  leased  (larl  of  the  .Market 
building  for  a  term  of  ten  years,  and  litte<i  it  up 
with  a  hall  capable  of  seating  1,100  ])ersons, 
and  a  parlor  useil  as  a  lecture  room,  a  reading 
nxini.  and  a  gynmasiinn.  They  iils<i  have  a  room 
that  they  rent  to  the  W.  ('.  T.  ['..  in  which  they 
hold  meetings.  In  Sepleinber.  1H77,  they  gave  up 
the  U!>eof  the  hall  in  the  .Market  house,  receiving 
the  balance  of  the  room  free  for  so  doing.  Cpon 
their  tables  for  fre*-  reading  can  be  fouiul  about 
sixty  |H-riiMlicals.  and  readers  are  found  for  all  of 
them.  .\  meinbershiii  fee  of  two  dolhirs  per  year 
entitles  one  to  the  use  of  the  gynniasiiim,  which 
is  lilN'rally  patronizes).    The  rooms  are  ojien  ever>' 


week  day  fi-om  8  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m.  The  secretaries 
office  is  in  the  building,  where  he  can  be  found 
during  open  hours,  ready  to  give  any  information 
retjuired  by  the  needy  or  curious.  The  member- 
ship in  1878  was  140.  Finding  themselves  weak 
financially  they  concluded  not  to  engage  a  secretary 
for  that  year.  F'roni  having  no  one  to  particular- 
ly look  after  the  alfairs  of  tlie  association,  it  de- 
clined to  aliout  ninety.  J.  C.  Huntington  was 
elected  secretary  December  1st,  1870.  Since  then 
the  membership  has  increased  and  February  15th, 
1881,  they  had  about  three  hundred  members. 
The  present  officers  are:  (ieorge  Blake,  presi- 
dent: G.  B.  Bradbury  and  1).  D.  Whitney,  vice- 
presidents;  G.  K.Lyman,  treasurer;  W  A.Ram- 
sey, recording  secretary;  J.  C.  Huntington, 
general  secretary.  Regular  meetings  of  the  board 
the  second  Monday  of  each  month. 

Minneapolis  F^ree  Dispensan  .  This  institu- 
tion was  fonndcil  in  IsTs.  by  lion.  ('.  A.  Pills- 
bury,  George  A.  Hrackett,  C.  M.  Loring,  A.  B. 
Barton.  E.  S.  Jones.  Its  object  is  to  treat  with- 
out charge  any  of  the  deserving  poor  who  may 
apply.  It  is  located  at  No.  208  Second  street 
south.  'I'lic  linildings  are  owned  and  held  in 
tnist  by  the  present  board  of  directors.  The  in- 
stitution is  chartered.  It  has  treated  nearly 
;<,000  patients  since  its  organ! /at  ion.  During  the 
year  ending  December  Hist,  issii,  l.::02.  patients 
were  treated.  It  is  open  from  I  to  2  I',  m.  each 
day,  Sundays  excepted.  A  coujile  of  competent 
physicians  and  surgeons  are  in  attendance.  It 
has  beensupi)orled  almost  entirely  by  the  liberal- 
ity of  a  few  of  the  directors.  Some  funds,  medi- 
cine and  clotliing  have  been  furnisheil  by  <lrug- 
gistsand  others.  Contributions  nia\  ln'  hainlrd 
to  the  treasinii .  i:,  S.  Jones,  which  will  be  i)rop- 
erly  applied.  Tlie  iiresent  odicers  are:  George  A. 
Pillsbury,  president;  F.  S.  1 11  nkle.  secretary;  E. 
S.  Jones,  treasurer:  directors  CM.  Loring,  A. 
M.  Keith,  (i.  A.  Hrackett.  C.  A.  I'illsbury. 

The  Woinairs  Chrisljan  Association.  This  as- 
sociation was  organi/ed  in  lH(i8  for  the  relief  of 
the  poor  and  distressed.  Itsollii'ers  are:  .Mrs.  ('. 
G.  Goodrich,  president:  Mi's.  .\.  C.  .Morgan  and 
Mrs.  Dr.  Limlley.  vice-presidents;  Mrs.  J.  H. 
Hanson,  recording  secretary:  Mrs.  A.  C.  .Morgan, 
corresponding  secretary:  .Mrs.  S.  F.  Ilance.  treas- 
urer. Report  of  the  linance  committee  for  the 
year  1880:    received  from  Free  Baptist  church. 


TEMPEBANCE  SOCIETIES. 


461 


$23.30;  First  Presbyterian,  S6.75;  Plymouth  Con- 
gegational.  ?10o..52;  First  Baptist  diurth.  S90..50; 
"Westminster,  $93.50;  Centenary  ilethodist,  $98.- 
93;  Friends,  $10.95;  Seventh  Street  Methodist, 
$9.00;  Second  Congregational.  S22.K0:  Franklin 
Avenue  Methodist.  S><."":  exiursion  to  Lake  Park, 
$76.58;  concert  for  Industrial  Sfhool,  |U0.0O; 
Thanksgiving  collection.  SV7.25;  miscellaneous 
contributions,  S169.3o.  Total,  |1, 023.20.  Dis- 
bursements: visitors'  salary,  §600;  for  benev- 
olent purposes,  $103.31;  expense  of  Gospel  meet- 
ings, 15.92;  paid  treasiu'er  of  home,  136.12;  ward- 
robe for  visitors"  use.  |7.87;  for  musical  instruc- 
tion for  Industrial  school,  $12.00;  for  organ.  $97.- 
00.     Balance,  $160.98.     Total.  $1,023.20. 

The  Woman's  Home  is  connected  with  the 
Woman's  Christian  Association,  and  is  a  branch 
of  the  work.  It  was  organized  in  1875.  Its  par- 
ticular object  is  to  furnish  board  at  low  rates,  to 
working  girls  in  want  of  such  a  home.  It  is  called 
the  woman's  boarding-house,  and  gives  them  the 
advantages  of  a  good  home,  which  tliey  could  not 
otherwise  obtain  ;  also  furnishing  temporary  lodg- 
ings and  meals  for  those  who  are  unal)le  to  pay 
for  them,  and  thus  keeping  them  from  begging. 
During  the  past  year  they  have  given  about 
twenty-seven  weeks  board  without  compensation. 
Board  ranges  from  two  to  five  dollars  per  week, 
depending  on  the  size  and  location  of  the  room. 
The  table  advantages  are  the  same  to  all.  The 
new  building  cost  S12,000.  and  is  paid  for  in  full. 
It  is  located  at  No.  409  Sixth  street  south,  has 
accommodations  for  thirty  boarders,  and  is  in 
charge  of  a  matron.  Its  present  officers  are : 
Mrs.  A.  F.  Hale,  president ;  Mrs.  Charles  Gove, 
vice-president ;  Mrs.  E.  V.  White,  secretary ; 
Mrs.  E.  S.  Jones,  treasiirer;  reception  committee, 
Mrs.  Dr.  Lindley .  Mrs.  W.  M.  IlaiTison,  Mrs.  A.  F. 
Hale:  purchasing  committee,  Mrs.  Levi  Butler, 
N.  M.  Hams. 

The  industrial  school.  This  is  another  branch  of 
the  work  of  the  AVoman's  Christian  Association. 
It  was  conducted  Saturday  afternoons  during  the 
winter,  and  is  designed  to  teach  the  children  of 
the  poor  to  sew,  presenting  them  with  the  gar- 
ments after  they  are  made  up.  One  hundred  and 
twenty-seven  children  were  taught  during  the 
past  year.  Average  attendance  of  teachers, 
twelve.  Average  scholars,  forty.  Su]ierintendent, 
secretary  and  treasurer,  Miss  E.  Taylor  and  Miss 


Emily  J.  Gray.  There  is  another  department  of 
the  Woman's  Christian  Association,  viz.,  the  vis- 
iting of  the  poor  and  relieving  them  by  small  do- 
nations of  money,  but  chiefly  by  donations  of 
clothing.  The  lady  visitor.  Miss  Emily  J.  Gray, 
is  hired  by  the  association,  and  gives  her  entire 
services  to  the  work.  Dining  the  year  past  she 
has  made  672  visits,  and  received  827.  Families 
visited.  170.  Articles  of  clothing  received,  2,531. 
Articles  of  clothing  distributed,  2,000.  Articles 
of  bedding  received,  seventy-three.  Articles  of 
bedding  distributed,  sixty-one.  Families  assisted 
with  groceries,  provisions,  and  fuel,  sixty-nine. 
Families  assisted  by  rent  and  loans,  fifteen.  Per- 
sons assisted  by  furnishing  work,  twenty.  Num- 
ber of  books  received,  sixty.  Number  of  books 
lent,  tifty-six ;  given  away,  eight.  Number  of 
papers,  tracts,  and  periodicals  given  away,  1,415. 
Number  of  meetings  held,  seventy. 

The  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum  for  boys  only. 
Third  street  and  Sixth  Avenue  north.  This  is  a 
diocesan  institution  under  the  charge  of  the  Sis- 
ters of  St.  Joseph,  eight  of  whom  have  forty-two 
orphans  boys  in  their  care.  The  asylum  for  girls 
is  located  at  St.  Paul.  The  asylum  is  supported 
by  annual  collections  made  at  Easter,  and  by  vol- 
untary contributions.  The  managers  are  a  cor- 
poration of  which  the  Bishop  of  St.  Paul  is  pres- 
ident, and  is  composed  of  six  laymen  and  four 
priests.  Children  are  given  for  adoption  to  those 
only  who  are  of  excellent  character  and  have  no 
children.  The  larger  boys  are  sent  to  the  indus- 
trial school  at  Clontarf,  Swift  covuity. 

Minneapolis  Temperance  Reform  Club.  This 
Society  was  organized  in  June,  1877,  and  is  the 
result  of  a  temperance  revival  held  in  Market 
hall  by  Thomas  N.  Doutney,  of  Burlington,  \'er- 
mont,  assisted  by  W.  AV.  Satterlee  and  other  local 
workers.  A.  II.  Young  was  electt^d  the  lirst 
president  of  the  club.  It  is  the  largest  organiza- 
tion of  the  kind  in  the  north-west,  has  about 
four  thousand  members,  and  holds  two  or  three 
meetings  each  week.  The  princijial  otlicers  are, 
G.  L.  Uobinson,  president;  L.  Uolierts,  secretary; 
W.  W.  Satterlee,  chaplain. 

St.  Anthony  Lodge,  No.  1,  I.  O.  (J.  T.  Lodge 
was  organized,  Oidober  8th,  1859,  by  Dr.  John 
Quegley,  one  of  the  pioneer  temperance  workers 
of  the  state.  It  was  located  in  St.  Anthony,  and 
remained  there  until  1879,  when  it  was  suspeiuled 


462 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


for  a  brief  period,  and  reinstated  !)>  J.  C.  Irving, 
in  the  west  division.  Tlie  principal  offleers  are, 
.\I.  I'.  Satterlee.  \V.  C.  T.;  Florence  Stedman, 
W.  \'.  T.:  K.  Witchie.  AV.  S.:  Silas  Moffitt.  L. 
D.  The  lodge  meets  every  Saturday  evening  at 
Hush's  hall. 

.Minne-lia-lia  Lodge.  .\o.  (1.  1.  O.  (i.  T.  This 
lodge  organized  with  thirty  charter  members, 
only  two  of  whom,  S.  T.  Ferguson  and  ('.  W. 
Clark,  are  now  members.  At  one  time  after  the 
war.  the  lodge  had  four  liundred  members  in 
good  standing,  and  now  lias  about  four  thousand. 
The  lirst  principal  ollicei-s  were.  ('.  W.  Clark.  W. 
C.  T.:  Mrs.  L.  M.  Chapman.  W.  A'.  T.:  .J.  A. 
Wilhams.  secretary:  Miss  Lucy  Adair,  treasurer; 
F.  II.  Hill,  marshal. 

Father  Matthew  Total  Abstinence  Society,  Im- 
ma<Mdate  Conception  Parish,  Minneapolis,  organ- 
ized in  IMi'.i.  with  fourteen  charter  membei-s. 
The  first  ollicers  were  :  Morris  Gleason.  presi- 
dent ;  John  Kennedy,  secretary ;  Stephen  Mc- 
Uride.  treasurer.  The  average  number  of  mem-. 
Iwrs  ]>fy  year  on  the  roll  for  six  years  is  122; 
nunil>er  who  took  the  i)ledge  and  joineil  in  six 
years.  243;  the  members  in  good  standing  now 
number  seventy.  The  present  otlicers  are:  A. 
H.  I'age.  president;  .1.  H.  Dolierty,  vice-presi- 
dent; James  Hums,  recording  secretary:  1'.  IF. 
I'rendergast.  treasurer. 

Wiiuicns  Christian  Temperance  I'nion  was 
•irgiinized  April  llth.  1S77.  The  lir.st  otlicei-s 
were:  Mrs.  T.  15.  Walker,  i)residenl;  Mrs.  C.  M. 
lioardman.  secretary  ;  Mrs,  ().  S,  (Jritlith,  treas- 
urer. The  present  o(licei-s  are:  Mrs.  I{.  II. 
Tripp,  jiresident;  Mi's.  ().  J.  (irilllth.  coircspond- 
ing  secretary;  Miss  A.  M.  Henderson,  iir.udiiig 
s<'cretary;  Mrs.  II.  T.  Mollilt!  treasurer. 

Ladles'  Hebrew  Henevoleiit  S<iciely  was  organ- 
ized for  charitable  purposes  in  April,  1K77.  Pres- 
ent ollicei-s  :  Mrs.  Mary  Werth.  i)residcnt;  Mrs. 
M.  Wllks.  se<Tet!iry ;  Mi-s.  C.  Skull,  treasurer. 
This  society  is  in  good  linancial  ciuidition.  and  is 
doing  a  good  work  among  the  poor  of  all  denom- 
inations. 

The  .MiiuicHota  T<-niperance  and  Prohibition 
Alliance  was  fniiiied  for  the  jiurpose  of  bringing 
the  tem|>enince  C4inse  into  shape  politically,  and 
was  incoriKirated  .\prll  L  ISHU.  The  ollicers  to 
lie  chosen  amnially,  and  tne<-tings  to  be  held  in 
Febrnarv  of  each  vear.     'J'he  oflicers  are:     Miner 


Pall,  president;  M.  T.  Anderson,  secretary:  Silas 
Moffitt.  treasurer.  ])ii-ectors— J.  M.  Durnam, 
R.  P.  Luptou,  A.  Willey,  C.  J.  West,  G.  AV.  (ireen, 
W.  W.  Slocinn.  J.  C.  Child,  J,  E.  Stewart.  .1.  C. 
Stearns.  W.  li.  Knowles. 

Brotherhood  of  Gethsemane  was  organized 
February,  18(1!),  with  the  following  officers:  Rev. 
I).  B.  Knickerbackn,  D.  1)..  president;  A.  E. 
Ames,  M.I).,  vice-president;  W.  II.  Chamber- 
lain, treasurer;  S.  B.  Cowdry,  secretary.  The 
object  of  this  organization  is  to  promote  church 
work  among  the  laymen  of  (iethsemane  parish, 
by  means  of  an  elTort  tliat  sliall  conduce  to  mu- 
tual sympathetic  iniiMovement.  and  to  systema- 
tise work  of  mercy  to  the  bodies  and  souls  of  all 
who  need  its  ministrations.  Each  member  signs 
the  following  declaration:  "I  desire  to  engage  in 
church  work  in  union  with  the  Brotherhood  of 
the  Church  of  (iethsemane,  and  I  agiee  to  per- 
form to  the  best  of  my  ability,  the  duties  which 
may  be  assigned  to  me  in  accordance  with  its 
provisions."  Present  officers:  I).  B.  Knicker- 
backer,  I).  1)..  i>residenl ;  O.  T.  Tnttle,  vice- 
president;  F.  B.  Dodge,  secretary;  W.  II.  Cham- 
berlain, treasurer,  r.iiard  of  managers.  Dr.  W. 
D.  Lawrence,  S.  A.  Marsli.  .1.  A.  Thompson. 
The  Brotherhood  of  (iethseniane  owns  the  fol- 
lowing property:  Cottage  hospital,  value  including 
furniture,  etc..  S1.3,(UI0;  St,  Andrew's  chapel, 
$2,00(1:  (irace  chapel,  |1,()()();  Minnetonka  chapel, 
$1,00(1;  Oak  (irove  cliapel.  iM.OOO;  lots.  $100. 

Ladies  Missionary  and  Parish  Aiil  Society  or- 
ganized in  1857.  President,  Mrs.  .M.  li.  Harvey; 
secretary  and  treasurer.  Miss  .Mary  1".  Aliraliam. 
It  has  been  in  active  operation  ever  since,  and 
lias  <l(iiie  nnnli  \iniH\  umk  lor  the  parish  of  (ietli- 
seniane.  having  raised  on  an  average  about  three 
hundred  dollars  a  year  for  iiarocbial  and  mission- 
ary work.  President,  Mrs.  A.  B.  Coe;  .secretary 
and  treasurer,  Mary  T.  Abraham. 

Young  Ladies  Association  organized  in  1870, 
and  has  been  a  useful  aiixilliar\  in  Ihe  work  of 
Geth.si-mane  church.  Ollicers  .Miss  Kate  Len- 
non,  president:  .Miss  Ktta  Thomiisoii,  secretary 
and  treasurer. 

Irving  Club,  \iiuiig  I'eoiiles  .Vssocialiou. which 
existed  several  years,  for  the  promotion  of  litemry 
pursuits,  was  merge<l  in  the  winl<'rof  1S80  1.  into 
the  Irving  Club,  an  active  assixiation  having  the 
same  object  in  view. 


CHURCH  ORGANIZATIONS. 


463 


CHAPTER   LXXII. 


CIUTRCHES. 


Aside  from  their  distinctive  inflnence  cas  God's 
instruments  for  the  salvation  of  men,  clmrches 
have  a  consenative  influence  on  society  tliat  is 
felt  even  by  those  who  never  pass  tlieir  thresh- 
olds. 

The  foreign  element  which  constitutes  so  large 
a  proportion  of  the  population  of  the  north-west, 
impregnates  society  with  the  usages  of  the  old 
world.  Foreigners,  who  come  here  to  enjoy  the 
advantages  of  our  institutions,  seem  to  forget  that 
in  so  far  as  their  old  country  practices  are  substi- 
tuted for  those  of  the  country  of  their  adoption, 
just  so  far,  it  becomes  like  what  was  left  behind 
and  their  investments  here  as  well  as  their  i)ros- 
pects  are  diminished  in  value. 

Doubtless  tlie  puritan  estimate  of  the  Sabbath, 
which  has  already  become  impopular  even  in 
New  England,  will  become  more  and  more 
obsolete,  and  can  never  find  harborage  in  the  so- 
ciety of  the  north-west,  still  the  time  must  come 
when  a  respectful  obsen'ance  of  the  Sabliath  will 
be  considered  the  only  respectable  usage. 

The  influence,  which  must  bring  about  this  re- 
sult and  operate  as  the  conservator  of  society 
against  tlie  counter-influence  of  increasing  for- 
eign population,  must  come  from  tlie  great  con- 
sei-vator,  the  church.  The  churcli  must  restrain 
Sabbath-breaking,  drunkenness,  licentiousness 
and  all  the  array  of  vices,  not  alone  by  converting 
men,  as  the  term  is  commonly  tmderstod,  but  by 
controlling  jiulilic  opinion  and  making  all  irregu- 
larities of  life  disreputable.  The  iiible  is  always 
in  the  vanguard  of  civilization  and  homes  cannot 
exist  without  churches.  The  external  church  is  a 
religious  organization,  and  its  indicator  the 
church  edifice,  are  each  respected  by  all,  and, 
though  the  latter  is  often  a  means  of  display,  or 
the  result  of  a  superstition  that  did  not  die  witli 
the  temporal  power  of  the  pope,  viz:  that  munili- 
cent  gifts  buy  indulgence  for  sin,  still  they  arc 
usually  the  outgrowth  of  deep  religious  sentiment. 
Such  we  may  charit<ably  believe  influenced  the 
establishment  of  all  forms  of  Christian  religion 


here  represented;  witness  the  missionary  strug- 
gles by  which  the  territory  was  first  ire-emi)ted 
for  the  cross  and  the  self-sacrificing  labors  of  the 
pioneers,  to  build  and  sustain  them  in  their  in- 
fancy. The  names  Pond.  Kiggs,  Williamson, 
Fathers  (ialtierand  Haveaux,  and  many  others 
are  immortal.  The  feeble  beginnings  have  long 
since  given  place  to  strong  organizations  and  the 
field,  first  occupied  by  one  church,  is  shared 
by  many.  ^linneapolis  has  to-day  sixty 
churches,  representing  nearly  all  the  denomina- 
tions which  accept  the  I5ible  as  their  Ijasis  of  faith. 
The  ^Methodists  are  represented  by  eleven,  the 
Baptists  and  Episcopalians  each  by  eight,  the 
Scandinavian  Lutheran  by  seven,  the  Catholics 
by  six,  the  Presbyterians  by  five,  the  Congrega- 
tionalists  by  four,  the  Evangelical  Association 
and  the  German  Lutheran  each  by  two,  the  Ad- 
ventists.  Friends,  Hebrews  and  I'niversalists 
each  by  one.  Many  of  these  churches  have  houses 
of  worship  that  are  models  of  architecture  and 
internal  finish.  The  Church  of  the  Redeemer 
stands  foremost,  and  is  a  witnes  of  the  generosity 
of  its  founders;  the  Plymouth,  St.  Marks  and 
Immaculate  Conception  are  ini|)ortant  features  of 
the  city.  Several  in  process  of  construction  by 
societies,  that  have  outgrown  in  numbers  and 
wealth,  their  more  modest  (piarters,  will  rival 
those  now  in  existence.  The  Westmenster  on 
Nicollet  Avenue,  and  the  Hennepin  Avenue 
Tabernacle  exhibit  already,  evidence  of  their  fu- 
ture stateliness. 

t  ATIIOLIC  ciirKriiKS. 

In  1838,  St.  Anthony  was  included  in  the  Dio- 
cese of  Archbishop  Ilenni,  of  Milwaukee,  and 
under  his  direction,  Father  Galtier  visited  this 
jilace  as  a  missionary.  Two  years  later  Father 
Uaveaux,  then  stationed  at  .Mcndotaand  St.  Paul, 
purchased  the  land  wImmc  now  stands  the  church 
and  other  buildings  of  tlie  St.  Anthony  of  Pa- 
dua, and  in  bS4ii,  commenced  the  frame  building, 
first  used  as  a  church.  In  18.51,  Father  Ledow 
was  stationed  here,  ami  at  once  set  about  the 
completion  of  the  church,  building  a  residence  at 
tlie  same  time.  He  was  succeeded  in  18.5.5,  by 
Father  Fayolle,  who  remain('(l  until  I8t)(i,  during 
wliich  time  he  commenced  the  erection  of  the 
present  church  edifice,  a  stone  building  05x140 
feet,  on  the  corner  of  Ninth  Avenue  north  and 


464 


IIJSlOliY  OF  HENNEPIN  COVNIY. 


Main  street.  Kast  Division.  In  tlie  snmmer  of 
IStjU,  liis  oveilaxed  mental  powers  yielded  to  tlie 
weight  of  financial  embarrassment,  and  necessi- 
tated his  removal.  He  is  still  living,  an  inmate 
of  an  Asylum  in  St.  Louis.  Missouri.  Following 
the  removal  of  the  inifortimate  Father  Fayolle,  in 
Jmie.  18(i(i.  Father  John  McDermolt  arrived  here 
and  remained  in  charge  initil  1866.  completing 
the  church,  and  building  a  .school-house,  and  e.s- 
tablishing  the  lirsl  parochial  school  in  the  city. 
In  November.  1866,  Father  Tissot  took  charge, 
and  the  s))nng  following,  began  the  erection  of 
the  present  substantial  stone  residence,  the  wood- 
en building  having  been  assigned  to  other  pur- 
poses. Another  school-house  for  a  Ijoys"  school 
was  built  in  187(1.  and  in  1874,  still  another  be- 
tween the  two  buildings  already  finished  with  iid- 
joining  wall,  thus  uniting  all  luider  one  roof. 

The  conventional  and  parochial  church  of 
Holy  Hositry,  is  situated  on  the  corner  of  Fifth 
street  and  Xinteenth  Avenue  south.  It  was 
built  by  Father  Power,  and  dedicated  on  Rosary 
Sunday.  1878.  It  is  a  neat  wooden  building, 
•5iixl:iti  feet  in  size,  and  pleasantly  located. 

Order  of  St.  Benedict.— The  first  members 
of  this  order  wlio  came  to  Mimiesota  anived  at 
St.  Paul  in  May.  18.^6,  and  on  March  6th,  18.j7. 
were  granted  a  charter  from  the  territorial  legis- 
lature. Since  then  their  numerical  strength  has 
steadily  increased,  until  now  they  are  among  the 
most  vigorous  se<'tarian  bodies  in  the  state,  hav- 
ing two  churches  in  Minneapolis,  under  whose 
supervision  are  two  schools  in  the  city,  and  two 
missions  in  I lenneiiin  county.  The  fust  church 
built  in  Minneapolis  by  this  order  was  un<ler  the 
direction  of  Father  (iahr.  w  ho  organised  a  society 
here  about  the  year  18.")((.  and  the  same  year  built 
a  church  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  street  and  Si.\- 
teentli  Avenue  north-east,  which  in  18{>()  was  re- 
moved to  No.  1(101  Main  street  north,  and  subse- 
(juently  toni  down  and  used  in  building  the 
Sisters' house  on  the  gnunids  of  the  St.  liniiiface 
church.  The  priest.s  who  have  successively  been 
in  charge  of  the  oi-g:nii/.ation  here  are:  Fathers 
SliiTcr.  Kiining.  .Meyer.  .\Ialy.  Ilillmer.  Holt/.er. 
Wirth.  .Mockren,  and  Itajgclj.  the  present  inciuu- 
bent.  'J'he  order  has  built  and  imw  owns  the 
two  following  churches. 

St.  lloniface  Church.  ().  S.  H.  This  elegant 
strurt\ire  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Seventh  Av- 


eiuie  north  and  Second  street.  East  Division.  It 
was  built  in  1873.  umler  the  direction  of  Father 
AVirtli.  and  is  of  moclern  design  45x90  feet.  In 
connection  with  the  church  is  a  school  under  the 
direction  of  the  Sisters  of  Christian  Charity. 
They  occupy  a  building  28x60  feet,  with  three 
class  rooms,  and  have  an  average  daily  attend- 
ance of  one  binidred  and  twenty-five  pupils. 

The  St.  Joseph's  Church  is  a  wooden  structure 
35x80  feet,  and  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Second 
street  and  Tenth  Avenue  north.  It  was  built  in 
1870.  and  used  as  a  mission  school  until  1875,  be- 
ing visited  at  regular  intervals  by  Fathers  Ilill- 
mer, Iloll/.er  and  Wirth.  in  the  order  of  their 
succession.  In  1875  it  was  converted  into  a  par- 
ish, with  Father  Stuckenkamper  in  charge.  He 
at  once  commenced  the  erection  of  a  fine  resi- 
dence, which  has  since  been  occupied  by  himself 
and  his  successors.  Following  him  in  the  order 
given  were  Fathers  Capser,  Kuisle.  and  in  Janu- 
ary, 1870.  Father  Salzeder,  the  present  incumbent, 
who  is  ably  assisted  by  Father  Bader.  The 
chinch  now  includes  about  one  liundrcd  families 
-  all  (iermans. 

The  Cluucli  of  the  hnmaculate  Conception  is 
an  elegant  and  imposing  stone  structure,  located 
on  the  corner  of  Third  street  and  Third  Aveinie 
north.  The  building  is  cniciform,  13o.x65  and 
68  feet.  Its  erection  was  commenced  in  1868  and 
finished  in  1871.  Standing  by  the  side  of  it  is 
Catliolic  .\ssociation  Hall,  a  conunodious  brick 
building  erected  in  1870  "80.  The  basement  i8 
devoted  to  the  total  abstinence  and  benevolent 
associations.  Tlie  uiijier  or  second  lloor  is  divid- 
ed throiigli  the  enter  by  folding  doors,  by  which 
arrangement  it  may  be  used  as  a  singli'  ball  or  as 
two  rooms.  The  groimd  on  which  this  chiu'ch 
stands  was  purchased  by  Father  McDermott  in 
January.  18(i().  during  his  connection  with  St.  An- 
thony of  Padua.  He  also  erected  a  two-story 
school-house  on  the  gro(uids  the  same  year, 
which  n'maini'd  until  Is7s.\\licii  it  was  destroyed 
by  lire. 

Our  Lady  of  Loiu'des.  In  1877  I'allicr  Ihnnel 
arrived  here  from  Canada,  and  organi/.ed  a  society 
from  the  Canadian  I'rench  then  belonging  to 
Father  Tissot's  clun-cli.  'I'lic  stoiie  biiililing  on 
Prince  .street,  formerly  used  by  the  Iniversalists, 
was  pinchased.  and  is  now  known  as  the  church 
of  Our  Ladv  of  Lonrdes.     Uev.  Z.  L.    Chandon 


METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHVECHES. 


46o 


net  succeeded  Father  Brunei  in  December,  1879, 
and  is  still  in  charge 

PAllOCniAL  SCHOOLS. 

Between  the  years  of  1860  and  1866,  Father 
McDermott  arrived  in  the  city  of  Minneapolis, 
and  l)iult  the  first  school-house  in  wiiich  a  paro- 
chial school  was  opened  in  the  city.  The  school 
is  located  near  the  corner  of  Ninth  Avenue  north 
and  Main  street,  East  Division.  Another  school- 
house  was  erected  for  boys  in  1870,  and  in  1874 
still  another,  between  the  two  buildings  already 
finished,  with  adjoining  walls,  thereby  uniting  all 
under  one  root. 

St.  Boniface  church,  O.  S.  15.  have  a  school  lo- 
cated on  the  corner  of  Seventh  Avenue  north  and 
Second  street.  East  Division,  built  in  1873,  which 
is  luider  the  supervision  of  the  Sisters  of  Chris- 
tian Charity.  They  occupy  a  building  28xG0,  w'ith 
three  class-rooms,  and  have  an  average  daily  at- 
tendance of  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  pupils. 

The  Convent  of  the  Holy  Angels,  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Sisters  of  St.  .loseph,  was  es- 
tablished in  the  fall  of  1877,  and  is  located  at  the 
corner  of  Thii'd  street  and  Second  Avenue  north. 
In  the  convent  is  a  jirivate  school  for  girls,  con- 
ducted by  Sister  St.  John.  All  the  higher  branches 
are  taught,  and  the  thoroughness  of  the  teacher 
is  manifested  in  the  high  standing  of  the  gradu- 
ates. The  average  number  of  pupils  is  about 
eighty.  In  connection  with  the  convent  is  the 
Sodality  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  a  society  estab- 
lished several  years  since,  presided  over  by  one  of 
the  sisters,  and  is  open  to  all  young  ladies  of  the 
parish.  Its  object  is  mutual  intercourse,  devo- 
tional exercises,  and  the  general  improvement  of 
the  young  girls.  Another  society,  accessible  only 
to  the  students  of  the  convent,  is  called  the  So- 
dality of  the  Holy  Angels.  It  was  organized  in 
1874,  its  object  being  mutual  improvement  and 
devotional  exercises. 

The  Convent  of  St.  .loseph "s,  ().  S.  ]>..  in  con- 
nection with  the  Cliurcli  of  St.  .Joseplfs,  was  es- 
tablished hi  the  autumn  of  187-5,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Sisters  of  S't,  Benedict.  It  is  in  a 
separate  building  of  two  rooms,  one  twenty-four 
feet  square,  the  other  20x32  feet.  The  average 
daily  attendance  is  one  hundred. 

The  Convent  of  Holy  Kosary.  Stainling  on  the 

same  giounds  with  llie  church  of  this  name,  is 
30 


the  convent,  which  is  under  the  direction  of 
Father  Power.  It  is  a  neat  brick  building,  45x 
92  feet,  and  two  stories  high,  with  basement  of 
stone.  It  contains  a  large  luimber  of  airy  and 
very  comfortable  rooms.  The  educational  de- 
partments are  in  charge  of  the  Dominican  sisters. 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL   CHURCHES. 

The  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was  or- 
ganized in  St.  Anthony,  in  1849,  Enos  Stephens 
pastor.  "\''ery  little  reliable  information  can  be 
obtained  as  to  the  early  struggles,  difficulties  and 
successes  of  the  old  St.  Anthony  church.  Eev. 
Mr.  Newcomb  was,  we  believe,  the  next  preacher. 
Rev.  E.  C.  Jones  his  successor.  During  his  ad- 
ministration the  old  St.  Anthony  church  was  be- 
gun, in  1852.  This  was  one  of  the  first,  if  not 
tlie  first  Methodist  church  edifice  in  the  state. 
It  was  in  its  day  a  fine  building,  and  could  it 
speak  to-day,  would  tell  of  many  a  glorious  vic- 
tory won  for  God.  It  was  enlarged  from  time 
to  time  by  different  pastors,  until  the  pastorate 
of  the  Eev.  W.  W.  Satterlee,  in  1871-2,  when  it 
was  sold  for  secular  purposes,  to  make  room  for 
the  new  building.  The  parsonage  was  built  by 
Rev.  S.  Bolles,  and  was  then  as  it  is  yet,  one  of 
the  best  in  the  conference.  Rev.  J.  R.  Creighton 
succeeded  Rev.  S.  G.  Gale,  and  was  succeeded 
in  the  following  order:  Rev.  Harvey  Webb,  Rev. 
J.  W.  Martin,  Rev.  T.  McClary  in  October, 
1878,  who  is  still  occupying  the  field. 

The  Centenary  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  was 
organized  in  18.5o,  with  Rev.  William  C.  McDon- 
ald as  the  first  pastor.  In  1857  Mr.  McDonald 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  D.  Rich,  under  whose 
direction  the  first  church  was  built,  on  the  high 
ground  opposite  Washingtion  school  building  on 
Third  Avenue  south.  The  building  and  ground 
at  that  time  was  valued  at  if4,()00.  In  1858,  Rev. 
T.  M.  Gossard  was  ajipointed  pastor,  followed  in 
1859  by  Hev.  J.  ().  Rich,  whose  successor.  Rev. 
J.F.  Chaffee, presideil  over  the  church  dining  the 
years  isiio  and  1.S61.  In  September,  1862,  Rev. 
D.  Cobl)  was  ap|ii>inted  [lastor,  and  was  returneil 
in  1863.  At  fliis  finu'  tlie  church  numbered  167 
members,  seventeen  on  probation,  and  two  local 
preachers.  The  Sunday-school  at  this  time  had 
enrolled  240  scholars  and  i)ossessed  a  library  of 
700  volumes. 

In  1863-4  the  lots  where  the  church  and  par- 


466 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


souage  now  stand,  comer  of  First  Avenue  south 
and  Seventh  street,  were  purchased  and  paid  for 
hy  the  I^idies'  Aid  Society,  of  whicli  Mrs.  Wil- 
liam yi.  IIarri.son  was  president.  In  1804  Kev.Dr. 
John  (juitiley  took  charge  for  two  years  and  was 
relieved  hy  Hev.  J.  F.  Chaffee,  under  whose  ad- 
nihiistralion  of  three  years  the  present  church 
was  hiiill  and  dedicated.  At  this  time  Centenary 
was  the  only  Methodist  cliiirch  in  Minneapolis. 
The  next  pastor  was  Kev.  J.  AV.  MclJrcsor.  of 
Ohio.  lie  remained  one  year  and  was  followed 
1,>  (,.('.  Wells. 

Dnrins  the  pastorate  of  .Mr.  Wells  the  parson- 
a^e  was  liuilt.  .Mr.  Wells  dyinj;  shortly  after  its 
completion.  Rev.  Mr.  Fasig  \vas  appointed  to 
complete'  his  une.xpireil  term. 

Next  t«me  Rev.  A.  llollington.  who  remained 
one  year,  and  Rev.  S.  McChesney.  the  latter  stay- 
ing two  yeai-s.  During  the  second  year  of  Mr. 
Mc(  'hesney 's  administration,  aliout  seventy-four  of 
the  niemhers  hecame  dissiilisfied  with  thegoveni- 
menl  of  the  chui<li.  and  organi/ed  what  is  now 
known  as  the  Hennejiin  .\vennc  Mellindisl  ICi)is- 
copal  Clinrch. 

At  the  <-lose  of  his  second  year  here.  Mr.  Mc- 
<"liesney  was  transferred  hack  to  Chicago,  and 
Rev.  1).  Cohh  appointed  in  his  place.  Mr.  Cohb 
reiimined  two  years,  and  at  the  close  of  the  sec- 
on<l  year  the  church  numhcred  ;tls  memhei-s.  with 
twenty-live  on  iin>hati<(n.  The  Sunday  schooj 
had  •U.'i  scholars,  thirty-seven  olVicers  and  teach- 
ers, with  Col.  V.  Hooker,  siiiieriidendcnt.  .\fter 
an  aihnlnlstration  of  two  years  Mr.  Cohh  was 
HUccfleded  hy  Rev.  S.  W.  Lloyil.  who  staid  one 
year,  and  was  followed  hy  the  present  pastor,  Rev. 
Dr.  \an  .\nda.  of  Koihester.  New  York.  The 
pres<'nt  lucmhersliip  is  ;{.)4.  The  sunday-school 
is  con<hictcd  hy  forty-one  olllcei-s  anil  teachers, 
lia-s  W'  scholars  enrolled,  and  an  average  attend- 
ance of  KKl.  The  church  is  valued  a1  .«|0,000, 
ami  the  parsonage  at  ♦(i.ouo. 

The  Hennepin  Avenue  Methodist  K|iiscopal 
church  was  org;ini/,ed  in  IKT-")  hy  a  secession  of 
alH>ul  ninety  mi'ndieix  from  Centenary  cliun-li. 
The  Suinl.'iy-wlKMd  wa"  organl/ed  in  (he  (Quaker 
churi'h.  The  |ireseiil  I'htirch  huilding  was  coni- 
menciil  in  the  midrlle  of  the  winti-r.  and  in  six 
Weeks  was  pushed  to  completion,  at  an  expense 
of  alHiiil  three  thousiini  clollars.  ami  dedicated 
!«■  KeV.  J.  K.  CliafTee.  the  present  pastor.     Kev. 


AlonzoIIollington.  the  first  pastor,  continued  un- 
thefall  of  ISTO;  then  Rev.  C.  M.  Iliu'd  from  187(> 
to  1879.  The  present  pastor.  Rev.  . I.  F.  Chaffee, 
came  in  1879.  The  membership  of  the  church 
is  at  present  190:  the  Smiday-school  connect- 
ed with  tlic  clmrili  has  a  memhership  of  2.")(), 
under  the  charge  of  II.  T).  Wood,  superintend- 
ent. The  new  church  now  building  on  tlie  corner 
of  Tenth  streetand  Hennepin  .Vvenue.  isof  red 
brick,  a  beautiful  and  stately  edilice.  which, 
when  completed,  wi.ll  cost  al)out  sixty  thousand 
dollars.  The  iilaii  includes  arrangements  for  one 
of  the  finest  ami  largest  Suiulay-schoiil  rooms  in 
the  city. 

The  Seventh  Street  Methodist  Ki)isc<)i>alChuicli 
was  started  by  a  proposition  from  II.  (i.  Harrison 
to  give  the  entire  bill  of  lumber;  T.  A.  Harrison, 
$1 ..')((();  Mrs.  A.  H.  Colieen.  ^800:  L.  Day  &  Sons, 
^•500.  October,  1870.  Rev.  .1.  F.  ChatTee.  city 
missionary,  prosecuted  the  work  to  (■(iui]ilclicin. 
The  organi/.ation  took  jilace  at  a  meeting  held  in 
the  VuH'  street  church,  with  thirty-nine  mendicrs. 
The  cluuvli.  costing  ^7.000  was  dedicated  .Iul> 
9th,  ls71.  and  is  located  between  Eleventh  and 
Twelfth  .V venues  south.  On  the  Kith,  a  Sabbath 
school  was  organized  with  ninety  members.  Rev. 
T.  McClary  was  appointed  pastor  fnun  the  AVino^ 
na conference  in  1872.  Rev.  W.  W.  Satterlee  is 
now  filling  the  desk.  Has  2")0  ineuibers.  Sun- 
day-school. 17.")  members. 

The  North  .Minneapolis  Misssion.  now  Wash- 
ington .Vvenue  Methodist  Eliiscopal  Church,  was 
(U'gani/ed  February  ^oth.  1872.  A  Sunday-school 
wa,s  organized  on  the  Sunday  following,  with 
fifteen  members.  N.  li.  Uobinsiui. superintendent. 
.\  chapel  costing  S2.2(I0  was  dedicated  by  Bishop 
.Merrill  in  1872.  In  Seiitendier,  1872.  at  the  con- 
ference held  in  Winona,  Uev.  .lohn  Stafford  was 
apppointed  its  first  pastor  at  wliiih  linic  its  nicni- 
bership  was  thirty-live,  and  its  Sunday-school, 
sixty-six  scholars;  present  pa.stor.  Uev.  .1.  .V. 
Merry. 

The  I'ranklin  .\veinie  Methodist  Episcopal 
Cliunh.  was  lornicd  by  the  action  of  the  Winona 
conference,  held  at  Anoka.  October.  1873,  ami  a 
sf)ciety  organized  din°ing  the  same  month  with 
the  Rev.  S.  T.  Sterrett  as  first  pastor.  Kev.  .\. 
.M.  Learned  is  the  present  pastor.  The  church 
has  a  membership  of  about  eighty-live;  when  he 
came  it  had  alKUil  sixty-eight  Micmbcis.     Present 


pbesbyt:eibian  chvrcbes. 


407 


number  of  Sunday-school  scholars,  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five,  with  J.  T.  Wyman,  superinten- 
dent, and  K.  W.  Wing  first  assistant;  ^Irs.  X.  M. 
Learned,  second  assistant.  In  May,  1871,  the 
first  Sunday-school  was  organized. 

Washington  Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church.  At  the  Minnesota  conference  held  in 
Mankato  September  27th,  1.S71,  Bisluip  Simpson 
presiding,  Rev.  T.  ilcClary  was  appointed  to 
wiiat  was  then  known  as  the  Seventh  Street  and 
North  Mission  churcli,  Minneapolis.  February 
27th,  1872.  a  meeting  was  lipid  in  the  (ierman 
chapel,  resulting  in  tlie  organization  of  the  pres- 
ent Washington  Avenue  Metliodist  Episcopal 
Church,  March  lOtli  following,  a  Sunday-school 
was  organized  in  the  German  chapel,  N,  R.  Rob- 
inson superintendent,  witli  eighty  scholars.  A 
library  costing  $100  and  an  organ  costing  $140 
was  purchased  for  tlie  school,  July  following 
the  Sunday-school  was  held  in  the  new  building. 
A  lot  on  the  corner  of  Seventh  street  was  donated 
to  the  society  by  William  (iaslin.  June  Isti 
1872,  work  was  commenced  (in  the  church  build- 
ing, which  was  completed  July  31st,  1872,  at  a 
cost  of  !f2,200,  and  dedicated  by  Bishop  Ames, 
The  first  communion  service  August  4th,  follow- 
ing. Rev,  John  Stafford  followed  Rev.  Mr.  Mc- 
Clary,  under  whose  administration  the  church 
had  great  prosperity.  In  October,  1880,  the  offi- 
cial board  invited  the  Rev,  J.  R,  Rerry,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  upper  Iowa  conference,  lie  was  trans- 
ferred by  Bishop  Andrews  to  the  Minnesota  con- 
ference, and  assigned  to  the  pastorate  by  Bishop 
Harris. 

The  Second  German  M,  E.  Church  is  located 
comer  of  Second  street  and  Tenth  Avenue  north- 
east. The  first  meeting  was  held  in  an  old  school 
house  in  18-5.5,  and  the  first  jiastor  was  Rev.  Mr, 
Roth,  assisted  liy  Rev.  Mr.  Spearman.  Services 
were  lield  in  different  places  until  iMil.  when  the 
present  church  was  located,  ami  is  now  un- 
der the  care  of  Rev,  J,  M,  JSipi)old.  A  parson- 
age costing  about  fifteen  hundred  dollars,  is  con- 
nected with  the  church. 

The  First  German  Metliodist  Episcupal  ('lunch, 
corner  of  Fifth  street  and  Fourth  Avenue  south, 
was  organized  in  October,  IhlKl.  with  tlie  Rev,  J. 
Schmell  for  first  pastor,  who  continued  Uw  three 
years,  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  Schaefer  who  labored 
three  years,  .succeeded  by  Rev.  Henry  Boeltcher 


for  four  years,  succeeded  respectively  by  Rever- 
ends F.  Kopp,  C.  Nachtriets  and  J,  Schneider,  the 
present  pastor  in  charge.  It  has  a  growing  Sun- 
day-school of  about  sixty  members.  The  church, 
too,  has  grown  from  ten  to  eighty-two  members. 

The  Norwegian  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  is 
located  on  Nineteenth  Avenue  south  between 
Fifth  and  Sixth  streets.  The  first  organization 
was  effected  in  July,  187.3,  by  Rev.  J.  11.  Johnson 
with  ten  members.  The  first  preacher  in  charge 
was  Rev.  N.  Christopherson,  who  took  charge  No- 
vember 28tli,  1873;  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J. 
Jacobson  for  one  year,  who  was  followed  by  Rev. 
L.  A.  Larson  for  three  years;  then  Rev.  B.  Olin 
followed  for  two  years,  who  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  Mart.  Nelson  now  in  charge.  The  present 
membership  is  thirty-five,  and  is  in  a  growing 
and  prosperous  condition. 

First  Swedish  ^Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  34.3 
Cedar  Avenue,  was  organized  in  February,  1S73. 
After  encountering  many  difficulties,  the  build- 
ing of  a  house  of  worship  was  undertaken,  under 
the  leadership  of  Rev,  C,  (J.  Nelson;  in  Septem- 
ber, 1873,  a  subscription  was  circulated;  the 
money  raised  and  in  October  following,  the  foun- 
dation was  laid,  and  in  December,  1873,  this  young 
society  ha<l  a  new  church  costing  $4,000,  and  while 
enjoying  the  feast  of  dedication  the  debt  was  paid 
in  full.  In  1879  a  parsonage  was  commenced 
under  the  administration  of  Rev,  A,  G.  Johnson 
the  present  pastor,  and  in  1880  was  completed, 
and  the  church  is  now  in  a  nourishing  condi- 
tion. 

I"Ui;siivrKKI.\N  CHURCHES. 

Andrew  Presbyterian  Church,  During  the 
winter  of  1849-50,  Mr,  Neill  preached  every  other 
Sunday  afternoon  at  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony. 
In  July,  18">0,  Rev.  William  T.  Wheeler,  former- 
ly a  Congregational  missionary  to  Africa,  com- 
menced iircaching  at  the  request  of  Mr,  Neill. 
The  members  being  mostly  Presliyterians  it  was 
decided  to  call  it  "The  First  PresliyUnian  Church 
of  St,  Anthony."  Rev.  Charles  Seccomlie,  wlio 
succeeded  .Mr.  Wheeler,  iiersuaded  the  congrega- 
ticm  t(i  drop  the  name  of  Presbyterian,  and  it  is 
now  known  as  the  ('oiigregational  society  of  Min- 
neapolis, East  Division.  On  the  2.'id  day  of 
.Viigust,  l8o7,  a  connnittee  of  the  St.  I'aul  Pres- 
bytery, consisting  of  Rev,  John  G.  Reiheldairer 
and    Rev,    II,   Maltby,   re-organized    the     ■First 


46S 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Preslivterian  Church  of  8t.  Aiithoiiv."     The  fol- 

r 

lowiiiR  pei-soiis  were  the  liret  members,  viz  :  Mrs. 
Marsraret  Edwards,  Samuel  II.  Lea,  Joseph  A'aii 
Eman.  Mi-s.  Sarali  ^'aIl  l-'.iuan.  liichard  Chuteaiifl 
Mrs.  ilary  E.  Chute.  HiihanI  Cluiti-  was  elctled 
ruling  elder,  installed  by  Hcv.  Mr.  Maltby, 
and  was  appointed  clerk  of  sessions.  ^Ir. 
Chute  held  this  odicc  until  .July  in,  1867.  when  he 
re.signed  and  tJen.  II.  1'.  \'an  Cleve  filled  the  of- 
fice until  1H78.  In  June,  1858,  the  church  called 
Rev.  David  Stevenson,  but  he  declined  and  re- 
commended Rev.  Levi  Hughes,  of  Logaiisitort. 
Indiana.  Hy  an  arrangement  with  Westminster 
Church,  which  was  organized  the  same  day,  Mr. 
Hughes  was  called  to  i)reach  in  both  churches  at 
a  salaryof  *l,(HHl  per  year.  Daviil  Edwards  do- 
nated the  use  of  his  hall  and  on  Uie  evening  of 
OctolM'r  7.  18.")S.  the  first  jirayer  meeting  was 
held  in  "Edwards  Hall,"  with  five  present.  Oc- 
tol>er  10,  18.58,  the  Sunday-school  was  organized 
with  six  teachers  and  twelve  scholars :  Orrin  Cur- 
tiss  was  chosen  sujterintendent. 

()u  January  16th,  18(1(1.  notice  was  received 
from  Rev.  II.  I.  Coe,  corresiwnding  secretary  of 
the  Church  Extension  Company,  at  St.  Louis,  that 
the  boaril  had  aiipropriated  *1.0(l().  the  gift  of  the 
Misses  Andrew,  of  New  York  city,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  aiding  in  the  erection  of  a  house  of  wor- 
ship. In  May.  ]HW.  Rev.  Mr.  Hughes  and  family 
removed  to  RIoominglon.  Indiana.  For  six 
months  jireceeding  hi.s  removal,  he  had  seldom 
jireached,  though  j)ublic  worship  had  been  con- 
ducted by  lay  membei-s  reading  ap|)roi)riale  ser- 
mons. In  September  following,  Mr.  McKee  was 
called  to  the  i)astorate  of  the  two  churches,  re- 
maining until  18(15.  IJy  an  act  of  the  legislature 
of  .Minnesota.  i)assed  Jainiary  .Sdtli.  IWll,  the 
name  of  this  church  was  changed  from  the  "Fir.st 
I're8byt<'rian  Cliincli  of  St.  Anthony"  to  "An- 
dn-w  I'resbyterian  Church"  in  honor  of  Mrs. 
Catherine  Andrew  and  berdaughter,  whodonaled 
$l,(Ml(l  and  a  bell.  The  church  was  erected 
on  Second  street,  and  was  formally  dedicated 
April  14.  IHOU.  Rev.  R.  V.  Sample  supplie<l  the 
puli>it  from  .lune  17th,  |8(l(l,  to  .Mari'li,  isiis. 
when  he  accepliMJ  a  call  to  AVestminisler  Church 
of  Minneapolis.  During  his  ministr)',  thirty- 
four  were  added  to  the  church.  Rev.  David  I'el- 
ton.of  reniisNlvaniii,  jiresided  from  March  l.st, 
1809,  to  March  l»l,  187(i.     During  the  j)a.storate 


of  Rev.  Isaac  W.  Monfert.  from  May  1st,  1870, 
to  July,  1872,  the  church  was  removed  in  Kovem- 
ber  and  December,  1870,  to  its  present  site  on 
Fourth  street.  Rev.  David  Stewart  was  the  next 
pastor,  from  August  1st.  1872.  to  May.  1875. 
From  Ma>  HUIi.  Is75.  to  .May  liilth.  1877.  Rev.  E. 
J.  Thompson,  iirofessor  of  mathematics  at  the 
university,  supplied  tlie  pulpit,  and  was  succeeded 
by  the  present  pastor.  Rev.  Carlos  T.  Chester,  to 
whom  the  chiucli  extended  a  call  in  I'ebruary, 
1877.  At  the  time  he  received  the  call,  Mr. 
Chester  was  a  senior  in  Auburn  Theological  Sem- 
inary, of  Aubuni,  New  York,  from  which  he 
graduated  May  loth,  1877,  and  arriving  in  Min- 
nesota the  latter  i)art  of  that  month,  preached 
his  first  sermon.  Sunday.  June  2d.  1S77;  was  or- 
dained and  installed  liy  the  St.  Paul  Presbytery 
on  the  7th  day  of  August,  1877.  From  June, 
1877,  to  January  1st,  1881.  seventy-eight  were  ad- 
ded to  the  church.  Tlic  cliiircli  lias  a  full  lioard 
of  ruling  elders. 

The  Park  Avenue  I'lcslixIcTian  Clnncli.  Tlie 
First  Presbyterian  church  of  jMinneaiiolis  was  or- 
ganized iMay  22d.  185;^,  by  Rev.  G.  II.  Pond,  with 
thirteen  members.  It  continued  to  exist  with 
some  degree  of  ])rosperity  until  July  22d,  18(10, 
when,  from  various  adverse  inlluences,  its  mem- 
bers were  scattered.  For  about  five  years  regnUir 
public  worship  had  been  suspended.  The  church 
was  re-organized  August  liitli.  18(j0,  by  the  Rev. 
A.  G.  Ruliffsou.  with  what  remained  of  the  orig- 
inal membershi]!  of  the  church,  together  with 
nine  members  ot  the  First  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Miiuiesota.  at  Miunc-ha-lia,  and  eiglit  otlier  per- 
sons who  presented  letters  from  other  chiM-clics. 
In  this  re-organization,  the  First  Presbyteiian 
ChiU'chof  Minneapolis,  in  fact  became  the  succes- 
sor to  the  First  i'li'sliyteriau  Chuich  of  Minneso- 
ta, which  cliiircli  was  but  tlic  continuation  of  the 
Presbyterian  cluiicli  of  St.  l'ct<MS,  or  Fort  Snell- 
ing,  the  oldest  church  of  any  denomination  in  all 
this  region.  The  chunh  at  St.  Peters  was  organ- 
ized Jinic  lltli.  ls:i5.  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  S. 
Williamson,  in  the  (piarlers  wliidi  lie  oc  lupicil  at 
the  Fort.  In  connection  with  this  church  there 
were  two  mission  stations,  at  which  public  wor- 
ship was  kept  n|i  from  tiuic  In  linir.  one  at  Lake 
Harriet. the otherat  ( >ak  (Jrove.  near  .Minnc-ha-ha. 
The  cImmcIi  at  St.  Pet<'|-s,  or  Fort  Snclliug.  was 
largely  made  u|i  of  the  olliccis  ami  tlicir  families 


PBESBYTERIAN  CHURCHES. 


469 


stationed  there.  It  came  to  pass  after  a  few 
yeai-s,that,  by  death  and  removal,  the  membership 
was  gi'eatly  reduced,  and  the  church  was  again 
without  otticers.  At  tlie request  of  the  remaining 
membersliip,  the  church  was  reorganized  as  the 
Oak  Grove  Church  of  Minne-ha-lia,  and  Rev.  G. 
11.  Pond  was  chosen  pastor.  Up  to  tliis  time  tlie 
church  was  under  the  care  of  the  Presliytery  of 
Dalcota,  but  at  the  request  of  the  members  it  was 
transferred  to  the  roll  of  the  ilinnesota  Presbyterj'. 
At  a  meeting  of  tlie  Presbytery  of  ilinnesota,  in 
July,  1862,  the  name  of  this  church  was  changed 
so  as  to  stand  on  the  Presbji;erian  roll  as  "  The 
First  Presbyterian  Church  in  Minnesota."  It  re- 
tained the  name  until  .July  22d,  1860,  when  its 
remaining  elder  and  eight  communicants,  united 
with  what  remained  of  the  original  First  Church 
of  iliuneapolis.  in  the  new  organization  which  is 
properly  the  legitimate  successor  of  both  the  oth- 
ers. Some  of  the  memliers  of  this  organization 
are  among  the  memberehip  of  the  First  Presby- 
terian Church  at  the  present  writing.  The  rec- 
ords from  which  these  facts  are  gathered  are  in  a 
good  state  of  preservation.  The  book  contains 
a  full  account  of  the  organization  of  the 
church  at  St.  Petei-s,  the  complete  records  of  the 
Oak  Grove  Church,  also  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Jlinneapolis.  from  the  re-organization 
in  1860  to  the  end  of  Eev.  ^Ir.  Payne's  mmistry. 
Rev.  Daniel  Stewart,  D.  D..  came  and  took  charge 
of  the  church  as  stated  supply,  in  which  capacity  he 
has  remained  since  June  1st,  1875,  to  the  present 
time.  During  his  ministrations  the  church  debt 
has  been  paid,  the  congregation  more  than 
doubled,  and  now  is  in  a  flourishing  and  prosper- 
ous condition.  It  has  a  seating  cai)acily  of  about 
six  huniired  ;  also  in  connection  witli  it,  a  Sun- 
day-school of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  mem- 
bers, under  the  management  of  James  H.  AIc- 
Clintten,  superintendent. 

Westminster  Presbyterian  Church.  In  1h.')8 
the  first  representiitive  of  the  western  l)ranch  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Reihel- 
daffer,  conmieuccd  his  labors  in  St.  Paul.  Soon 
after  he  was  joiued  by  men  of  like  spirit,  such  as 
II.  Maltby,  diaries  Thayer,  J.  C.  Caldwell  and  A. 
II.  Kerr,  who  came  to  plant  the  standards  of  the 
cross  along  the  borders  of  the  wilileniess.  The 
growth  of  the  churcli  whose  foundations  they 
laid,  is  doubtless  to  them  an  occjision  of  gratitude 


and  thanksgiving.  Better  to  have  been  the  first 
pioneer,  planting  the  holy  emblem  of  the  cross  on 
the  virgin  soil  of  ^linnesota,  and  claiming  this 
territory  for  Jesus,  than  to  have  been  president 
of  the  United  States,  or  commander-in-chief  of 
the  national  army.  In  the  fall  of  18-5.'i,  the  Synod 
of  Iowa  created  the  Presbytery  of  St.  Paid,  con- 
sisting of  Rev.  J.  G.  Reiheldaffer,  Rev.  Charles 
Thayer  and  Rev.  Joseph  A.  Sterrett,  pastors  re- 
spectively of  the  churches  in  St.  Paul,  Hudson, 
and  Prescott.  The  total  number  of  communicants 
in  these  three  pastoral  charges,  only  one  of  which 
was  in  the  state  of  Mmnesota,  was  fifty-nine  ;  m 
St.  Paul  thirty-two,  in  Hudson  eleven,  in  Pres- 
cott fifteen.  The  General  Assembly  convened  at 
Rochester,  X.  Y.,  in  I860,  created  the  Synod  of 
St.  Paul,  embracing  the  Presbyteries  of  St.  Paul,  of 
Chippewa  and  Lake  Superior.  The  Synod  of  St. 
Paul  thus  created,  consisted  of  nineteen  mmisters 
and  twenty-four  churches.  Xine  of  these  churches 
were  in  Jlinnesota,  with  a  total  membership  of 
187.  The  Westminster  Presbyterian  Church  of 
^linneapolis  was  organized  August  23d,  18.57,  by 
a  committee  of  the  Presbytery  of  St.  Paul,  con- 
sisting of  Rev.  J.  Ct.  Reiheldaffer  and  Rev.  H. 
Maltby.  The  services  were  held  in  the  Free  Will 
Baptist  church.  The  following  persons  were  en- 
rolled as  members,  viz:  Andrus  W.  Oliver.  Louis 
II.  Williams.  Tabiatha  P.  AVilliaius.  Ellen  Mary 
Williams,  Deborah  il.  Pettit,  J.  C.  Wilhams  and 
Sarah  J.  Williams.  On  the  6th  of  April,  18-58, 
the  church  was  incorporated  under  the  revised 
statutes  of  Minnesota.  H.  D.  Bemaii.  W.  K.  Mc- 
Farlane,  Eugene  M.  Wilson,  A.  Bradford,  C.  II. 
Pettit  and  J.  C.  Williams  were  elected  as  a  board 
of  trustees,  under  the  name  and  style  of  tho 
"Trustees  of  the  Westminster  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Minneapolis.''  During  tlie  three 
months  immediately  following,  tlie  church  was 
without  preaching,  with  the  exception  of  a  single 
Sabbath  when  the  services  were  conducted  by  the 
Rev.  J.  G.  KeiheldafTer.  On  the  6th  of  December, 
1857,  Mr.  B.  C.  Dorrance,  a  licentiate  of  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Luzerne,  couimciK'ed  preaching  in  the 
First  Presbyterian  chuich,  under  a  commission 
fi'oni  tlie  board  of  domestic  missions.  Mr.  Dor- 
rance closed  his  labors  with  the  Westminster 
Church,  in  Fletcher  Ihill,  April  18tli.  Mr.  Dor- 
rance was  a  pleasant  and  forcible  preacher.  By 
his  public  ministrations,  as  well  as  by  his  affection- 


470 


MISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


ate.  cliceifiil.  and  exemplary  Christian  deport- 
ment, he  endeared  himself  to  all.  It  wa.s  a  sad 
day  to  the  little  chureh  when  their  beloved  minis- 
ter, with  the  shadows  of  death  on  his  face,  bade 
them  farewell,  never  to  return.  In  1858,  the 
Uev.  Mr.  Iluitches  was  in\ited  to  become  stated 
supjily  for  the  church  in  St.  Anthony  and  "AVest- 
minster.""  During  this  time  chmch  services  were 
held  in  Woodman's  Hall,  now  the  First  National 
Hotel.  In  IsnOand  ISiil  a  new  church  was  built, 
and  dedicated  .March  ITtli.  isoi.  Kev.  J.  (;.  Reihel- 
daffer  preaching  the  dedication  sermon.  In  Oc- 
tober. 18(;2,  Mr.  Strong  was  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of  the  church  by  the  I'resbytery  of  St. 
I'aul.  As  a  preacher  Mr.  Strong  was  intellectual 
rather  than  emotional.  His  sermons  were  written 
with  nuii-h  care,  and  delivered  with  animation.  In 
1H().5.  the  Uev.  H.  A.  Condit  accejited  an  invita- 
tion to  become  the  i)astor  of  this  church,  and  was 
installed  in  18G6.  In  the  autumn  of  1866,  the 
church  building  was  enlarged  and  improved:  the 
towers  were  erected  and  the  building  extended. 
Deceml)er.  1867,  against  the  remonstrance  of  a 
large  portion  of  the  congregation,  Mr.  Condit's 
pastt)ral  relation  to  the  church  was  dissolved.  At 
a  meeting  held  January,  ]H(j8,  moderated  byl?ev. 
I).  <".  Lyon,  a  call  was  made  for  the  Kev.  H.  F. 
Sample.  D.  I).  Having,  at  this  time,  other  invi- 
tations under  c<insideration  and  being  in  nnich 
doubt  as  to  his  duty,  his  answer  was  delayed  for 
.several  weeks.  At  length  his  way  seemed  clear, 
and  he  commenced  his  labors  in  March.  1808. 
He  is  a  calm.  imi>ressive  sjieaker,  and  a  profound 
tliinker.  making  a  la.sting  impression  on  all  within 
the  sounil  of  his  voice.  In  May,  18(iH,  the  Pas- 
tor's Ai<l  Society  was  organized.  John  A.  Mc- 
Hem-y  was  elected  president;  Hon.  W.  AV.  Mc- 
Nair.  vice-president;  and  T.  IJ.  Janney,  secretary. 
The  Sunday-K(;hool,  under  the  ellicient  superin- 
lendeiice  of  Hon.  ('.  K.  A'anderburgh.  steadily 
increa.sed  in  numbers  ami  usefulness.  The 
chnrcli  is  large-hearte<l  and  generous,  giving 
thousiinds  of  dollars  annually  to  the  various 
iHiards  of  the  churili.  It  is  one  of  the  most  lib- 
eral among  the  many  churches  in  the  city.  The 
increa.s4'd  mendiershlp  and  attendance  during  the 
ac<-eptable  adniinistnition  of  the  present  i>aslor, 
i-oni|M-l|e(|  the  societN  to  provide  more  extensive 
iu'coMinxHlations.  Accordingly,  during  the  sum- 
mer of  188(1, meiLsiireH  long  in  cont«'niplatioii,  were 


taken  to  erect  a  structure  worthy  of  the  wealth 
and  importance  the  church  had  attained.  This 
massive  edilice,  built  of  Ijrown  sandstone  from 
Dulnth,  is  building  corner  of  Nicollet  Ave- 
nue and  Seventh  street.  The  style  of  building  is 
a  mixture  of  the  Gothic  and  Corinthian  architec- 
tures, and  will,  it  is  supposed,  cost  alioiit  S9o,0(l0, 
and  surpass  in  magniliceuce  all  its  predecessors. 
Franklin  Avenue  Presbyterian  Cliurcli.  On 
the  null  day  of  Jiuie,  1873.  Kev.  George  W.  Jack- 
son, late  of  the  city  of  .Minneapolis,  in  fulliUment 
of  a  design  long  entertained,  conveyed  to  the 
trustees  of  "Westminster  Presbyterian  Clnn-ch  of 
said  city,  village  lot  (I,  in  block  1.  in  Jackson's  ad- 
dition to  Minneapolis,  in  trust,  and  for  the  use  of 
a  I'resl)yterian  church  in  that  part  of  the  city. 
Stimulated  by  the  efl'orts  of  Mr.  Jackson  and  Rev. 
R.  F.  Sample  I).  1)..  several  members  of  the 
Westminister  Presbyterian  church,  were  induced 
to  undertake  a  Sunday-school  in  tliat  iiarl  of  the 
city;  the  first  session  of  wliicli  was  hel<l  in  the 
Norwegian  Lutheran  Seminary,  the  lirst  Sabbath 
in  January.  1S73.  The  Sunday-school  was  for  the 
time  styled  the  Westminster  Mission  Sunday- 
school,  and  its  otlicers  were  L.  V.  N.  Blakeman, 
supcruitendent;  R.  Shaw,  a.ssistant;  S.  A.  Harris, 
secretary;  who  were  assisted  l)y  a  band  of  ten 
teachers.  During  the  summer  of  1S7;<,  the 
church  building  formerly  occujiicd  by  the  First 
Presbyterian  church  of  Minnesota,  having  been 
piu'chased  li\  llic  liiv.  K.  K.  Sample,  was  removed 
to  said  lot.  and  |iut  in  proiier  rejiair  by  the  offer- 
ings and  elTorts  of  the  workers  in  the  mission 
school.  The  cost  of  building  and  removal  was 
about  $l,.s(l(i.  The  Sunday-school  was  tlien  re- 
moved to  the  clnirch.  and  on  Sabbath  evening, 
November^d,  1k7S,  apinopriate  oiiening  services 
were  held  in  the  church.  Sermon  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Stewart,  the  Rev.  i;.  I).  NCill.  H.  F.  Sample 
1).  D.,  and  II.  .\.  I'avne.  also  taking  i)arl  in  the 
services.  In  addition  to  the  Sunday-school,  reg- 
ular services  were  held  ill  Ilie  cliiiicli  every  Sab- 
bath thereafter.  On  about  the  IJtliof  December, 
187H,  a  re(|uest  was  made  in  writing  to  Itev. 
Charles  Tha\ei.  li.  1".  Saiii]ilc  1).  I).,  and  the 
Hon.  C.  K.  N'andcibiugh.  the  regular  couunittee 
on  Home  Missions  of  the  Presbytery  of  St.  Paul, 
by  L.  \'.  N.  I'lakeiiian  and  others  for  the  organi- 
zation of  a  c  liiircli;  accordingly  the  committee,  in 
connection  uitli   Uev,  1),  C-  Lyon,  district  mis- 


BAPTIST  CHUECHES. 


471 


sionary  for  the  Synod  of  ilimiesota,  met  at  the 
church  on  the  evening  of  Deceniher  21st,  1873, 
and  in  conformity  with  the  laws  of  the  presljytery, 
organized  a  church  with  the  following  mem- 
bers; N.  AV.  Lander,  L.  \'.  N.  Blakeman.  Mrs. 
Emma  T.  Blakeman,  Bolza  Lee,  Martha  Lee, 
Robert  Shaw,  John  Nichol,  Mrs.  ('.  Robh,  Mrs. 
11.  M.  Lowell,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Pierson,  and  Mr. 
.John  llosdy.  The  name  cliosen  was  '•  Franklin 
Avenue  Presbyterian  Church  of  Minneapolis," 
and  the  following  persons  elected  ;  rulmg  elders, 
John  Nichol,  L.  Y.  i*f .  Blakeman,  and  two  oth- 
ers; Revs.  E.  D.  Xeill  and  E.  J.  Thompson  sup- 
plied the  pulpit  imtil  July  1st,  1874,  when  the 
Rev.  A.  A.  Klehle,  a  graduate  of  LTnion  Theolo- 
gical Seminary,  of  Xew  York  city,  supplied  the 
pulpit  until  he  was  ordahied,  and  installed  its 
first  pastor,  who  contmued  his  labors  till  Feb- 
ruary 8th,  1878.  Rev.  T.  Farris  was  invited 
March  10th,  1878,  to  supply  the  pulpit  and  still 
contmues.  The  church  is  partially  dependent  for 
support  on  the  llome  Missionary  Board,  and  the 
liberality  of  severalprivate  Citizens,  among  whom 
are  Hon.  C.  E.  "\'anderl)urgli  and  II.  (i.  Sidle. 
The  former  by  his  lilieral  tinancial  aid  as  well  as 
wise  councils  as  chah-man  of  the  Home  Mission- 
ary committee  of  St.  Paul,  from  the  date  of  Its 
organization,  has  contributed  largely  to.  its  wel- 
fare. L.  Y.  N.  Blakeman  was  superintendent 
of  the  Sunday-school  till  July,  1879,  when  declin- 
ing health  forced  a  resignation.  lion.  ('.  E. 
A'anderburgh  is  now  superintendent,  and  John 
Hardy,  secretary.  The  school  now  numbers  one 
hundred  and  twenty-flve  scholars. 

The  Fifth  Presbyterian  Church  is  located  on 
the  corner  of  Xineteenth  street  and  Fourth  Av- 
enue nortli.  It  was  built  by  the  AVestminster 
church  in  1873,  and  named  tlie  Western  Avenue 
^lissiou  Chapel,  where  a  Sunday-school  was  con- 
ducted mider  the  superintendence  of  S.  ,M.  and 
J.  AViUiams,  who  starteil  with  a  few  si-lmlars 
with  constantly  increasing  nunil)ers,  until  it 
readied  about  fifty,  when  there  sccme<l  a  necess- 
ity for  a  churcli  organization  tdiiicct  tbc  gmwing 
wants  of  the  community  in  which  it  was  hn  ated. 
Steps  were  taken  to  organize  a  church  which  was 
effected  on  the  last  Sunday  of  the  year  187!t.  vvitli 
eleven  members,  Rev.  A.  AV.  Benson  olliciating 
for  five  months.  He  was  succeeded  liy  Rev. 
Daniel  Rice,  D.  D.,  who  was  followed  by   Rev. 


Rockwood  Macquesten,  who  is  now  in  charge. 
The  church  membership  lias  increased  to  twenty 
members,  and  the  Sunday-school  now  enrolls  one 
hundred  and  fifty,  with  an  average  attendance  of 
eighty-five.  J.  H.  Alonroe  is  superintendent  and 
P.  Q.  Diven  assistant  superintendent.  During 
the  past  winter  a  tine  organ  has  been  purchased 
and  paid  for  out  of  the  receipts  of  the  literary 
society  connected  with  the  church.  Miss  Hattie 
E.  Allen  is  the  organist.  Tlic  church  has  a  fine- 
toned  bell  of  about  80U  pounds  weight,  from  the 
celebrated  Meneely  establishment  of  Troy,  New 
York.  It  was  a  contriltution  of  friends  outside 
of  the  church. 

B.\PXIST  Cnl'ROHES. 

The  First  Baptist  Church,  St.  Antliony,  was 
organized  July  23d,  18-50,  Rev.  J.  P.  Pearsons, 
pastor.  AA^  C.  Brown  and  nine  others  constituted 
the  first  membership.  After  many  struggles  they 
succeeded  in  laying  the  foundation  for  the  pres- 
ent edifice  m  1868.  In  1869,  the  corner  post  was 
raised,  with  appropriate  services,  and  in  1870, 
the  completed  structure  was  dedicated.  In  1H79 
the  name  of  the  church  was  changed  by  legisla- 
tive act,  to  "Olivet  Baptist  Church  of  Mimieapo- 
hs."  At  the  present  time  there  is  no  regular 
pastor,  but  the  pulpit  is  occasionally  supplied. 

Free  AVill  Baptist  Church.  In  June,  18.51 ,  Rev. 
C.  (i.  Ames  was  appointed  the  first  missionary  to 
Minnesota,  and  commenced  his  labors  at  once,  in 
St.  Anthony.  On  tlie  L'-5th  of  October  following, 
A.  Harmon,  Charlotte  Harmon,  E.  Mcintosh, 
Abagail  Mcintosh,  Rev.  C.  G.  Ames  and  Sarah  J. 
Ames,  formed  themselves  into  a  body  corporate, 
and  in  Octoljer  2i)th,  ]s.')l,  organized  a"Free  AVill 
Baptist  Churcli."  From  18,53  to  '54  the  church 
was  much  embarrassed  for  the  want  of  a  place  of 
worship.  Most  of  the  members  living  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river,  it  was  resolved  to  move  to  ;Min- 
neapoUs,  May  27th,  18.54.  September  1st,  18.5.5, 
Rev.  C.  G.  Ames  resigned  tb/'  pastoral  charge,  but 
continued  to  supply  the  desk  for  a  long  time 
after.  April  23d,  18(10.  I{ev.  .\.I).  Williams  sev- 
ered liis  relation  to  the  church.  November,  2d, 
1801,  Hev.  B.  AA'.  Bryant  united  with  the  church 
and  became  its  pastor.  June  Isl,  1800,  Rev.  II. 
N.  Ilerrick  having  supjilied  the  desk  accepta- 
bly for  some  time  was  invited  to  become' 
its  pastor,  which  invitation  he  accepted  Januaiy 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


20tli.  1870;  he  offered  his  rcsifrnation  as  pastor 
December,  1872,  which  was  accepted  witli  the 
vote  to  continue  his  salary  for  three  months. 
Rev.  Cliarles  Payne  accepted  tlio  pastorate,  and 
resigned  August,  lS7o.  Novenilier  following,  Kev. 
A.  J.  Davis  was  called  to  the  pastorate,  and  ac- 
cepted in  187.5.  May  21.st.  1878,  extended  a  call 
to  Rev.  A.  A.  Smith,  who  accepted  and  is  now  in 
charge  of  the  church. 

The  First    Baptist  Church  was  organized  in 
1853,  with  ten  memlwi's,  in    the  house  of   Mr. 
Asa    Fletcher.       Meetings    were    held    in   the 
Urst  Fletcher  hall,  located  on  the  south  side  of 
Helen  street,  near  the  corner  of  Second   Avenue 
south.     March  21st,  18-57.  Rev.  A.  A.  Kusssll  re- 
signed.   July  21st,  Rev.  Amory  (iale  was  called 
and  accepted,  and  at  once  entered  uixin  his  labors. 
In  the  summer  of  18-57,  a  lot  on   the  corner  of 
Third  Street  and  XicoUet  Avenue  was  donated  by 
H.  T.  'Welles,  Esq.,  and  the  church  at  once  com- 
menced to  build  a  house  of  worship.    February 
6th,  1858,  the  basement  room  was  completed  and 
occupied,  which  at  that  time   was  the  best  and 
largest  rwjin  for  worship  in  the  young  town   of 
Minneaiwlis.     From   -July  1st,  1858,  to  October, 
1860,   the  church  was  without  a  ])astor.     During 
the  interim,  the  pulpit  was  supplied  by   Revs.  U. 
B.  I.«wi8,  J.  A.  Davis  and  R.  M.  Pease.    During 
the  winter  of  1 85'J-"G0  Rev.  Mr.   Pease  preached 
most  f)f  the  time.    Rev.  J.  R.   Maiiton  commen- 
ced liis  labors.  ;is  jiastor  in  October,  18(io,  and  la- 
liored  through   four  stirring  and  eventful  years. 
In  July,  1865,  an  invitation  was  extended  to  Rev. 
L.  U.  Allen,  D.  1»..  and  was   accepted.     In  1800 
the  church  vacated  the  liasement  and    took  down 
the  stnicture,  it  being  considered  unsafe.      In 
1807  the  old  lot  Wits  exchanged  for  the  one  on  the 
corner  of    Fifth   street  and   Hennepin    Avenue. 
In  April,  I8<18,  the  church  inviU-d   Rev.   W.  h. 
Ixjwry  to  the  past<irate.     The  new  edifice  was 
conii>let4'd,    dedicat4-<l      NoveinlM-r     2ilth,    1868, 
mill   the   new  )i!i.st<ir  ordained.     September  18tli, 
lh71.  Rev.  F.  W.  Powell  wits  called  and  accepted 
the  pastorate.    After  a  proH|ierous  and  successful 
mlnistr>  of  alKiut  three  years,  failing  health  com- 
IH'lled  a  resignation  wliiih  was  reluctantly  accept- 
ed.    In  OclolxT,  1874,  they  extended  u  call  to  the 
Rev.    II.  (".   Woods   to  become  their  pastor,  who 
after  holding   the  invitation  under  advisement, 
concluded   the    following    November  to  accept 


the  call.  He  entered  imniediately  uiion  the  du- 
ties of  pastor,  and  is  now  in  charge.  I'nder  his 
caref\il  and  prudent  ministrations  the  church  has 
been  greatly  prospered,  receiving  large  additions 
to  its  nienibersl)ip~a  net  gain  of  211  members 
in  the  past  five  years.  The  ladies'  sewing  society 
have  bought  and  paid  for  a  fine  organ,  besides 
contrilinting  largely  towards  the  expense  of  ui>- 
holstering  the  seats,  which  are  of  a  capacity  to 
accommodate  between  six  and  seven  hundred. 
The  grand  total  of  contributions  for  the  different 
benevolent  oljjects  in  the  jiast  live  years  is  $34,- 
4,S3.8H.  Present  membership.  440.  It  also  has  a 
nourishing  Sunday-school  of  235  silinhns.  whose 
contributions  have  supported  a  foreign  mission- 
ary for  the  i)ast  twelve  years. 

Franklin  Avenue  Mission  waS  organized  May 
31st,  1874;  the  chapel  is  located  on  a  lot  belong- 
ing to  the   Baptist  Mission,  corner  of  Franklin 
and  Bloomington  Avenues,  and  was  dedicated  the 
same  day.    A  Sunday-school  was  organized  with 
J.  C.  Hoblet  superintendent  and  Frank  Ball,  sec- 
retary.    It  has  a  steady  growlli.  and  now  numbers 
130,  with  an  average  attendance  since  its  organi- 
zation of  90.  and  is  provided   with  an  organ  and 
other  necessary  material  for  a  successful  prosecu- 
tion of  the  work.     Mr.  Uoblel  exi)ecting  soon  to 
leave,  Mr.  Fallis  has  been  recently  elected,  and 
takes  it  in  a  flourishing  and  iirosperous condition. 
Jewett  Chapel.     The  mission  spirit  stimulated 
by  the  success  of  the  Franklin  Avenue  mission. 
impelled  another  attempt,  which  was  seconded  by 
the  growing  want  for  more  room,  and  a  special 
meeting  was  called  for  that  luirpose  on  the  20th 
day  of  June,  1874.     On  the  <Uli  of  .liih  following, 
the    ladies   sewing   sociely    of    Ihc    First    chiiiili 
l)ledged    !t3;?,'!.33   toward   the  erection  of  a  new 
chapel.     Deacon  S.  A.  Jewett  donated  the  land, 
which  at  once  insured  the  success  of  the  enter- 
jirise,  an<l  work  was  immediately  commenced  un- 
der the  su]iervision  of  C.  F.  Ilagliii,  Ks(|,.  archi- 
tect, who  kinilly  donated  the  plans.   11  was  imshed 
to  completion,  and  on  the  ISlli  of  >i'ovember  was 
dedicated    uiili  apjiropriate  sei\ices,  under  the 
name   of    ".Icwett    Chapel,"       .\    Smiday-school 
was   organized   on   the   same   ila\ ,    with    \V,  \\ . 
Iluntingloii,  siipi'rintendent.  and   Deacon  .1,  O. 
Weld,  assislaiil,  anil  Charles  Ilain.  secretaiy .     It 
has  a  lucinbership  of  eighty  ;  average  attendance 
I  seventy,  which  is  remarkable. 


CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCHES. 


473 


The  Fifth  Avenue  Baptist  Church  was  organ- 
ized December  29th,  1869,  in  its  present  liouse  of 
worsliip,  on  the  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Nintli 
street  south.  At  the  time  of  its  organization  it 
was  called  tlie  Marshall  street  Baptist  Church ; 
but  with  the  change  of  the  name  of  Marshall 
street  to  Fifth  Avenue,  a  corresponding  cliauge 
was  made  in  tlie  name  of  the  church.  In  its 
formation,  members  of  the  First  Baptist  Church, 
and  a  church  then  known  as  the  Fnion  Baptist 
Church,  but  now  extinct,  with  persons  not 
members  of  either  of  the  above  churches,  but 
holding  letters  from  others,  united  together. 
Rev.  A.  (iale  presided  at  the  meeting  of  the 
church,  and  Philip  llerzog  was  chosen  clerk. 
Immediately  after  the  organization  had  been  ef- 
fected, and  the  adoption  of  a  church  covenant  and 
the  election  of  the  proper  otficers,  a  council  of  the 
churches  was  called,  who  formally  recognized  the 
church  as  a  regularly  constituted  Baptist  church. 
Rev.  A.  S.  Cole  was  the  first  pastor,  succeeded  by 
four  others,  until  the  succession  came  to  the  pres- 
ent uicumbent.  Rev.  F.  T.  (-iates.  who  was  called 
in  1880.  The  chiu-ch  has  enjoyed  since  its  organ- 
izaton  an  almost  uninterrupted  growth.  Fresent 
membersldp  is  about  160.  The  society  possesses 
a  comfoi-table  house  of  worship.  40x70  feet,  seat- 
ing 2o0  persons.  There  is  also  a  commodious 
parsonage. 

The  First  Swedish  Baptist  Church  was  organ- 
ized in  1872.  with  a  membership  of  twenty-hve, 
in  a  hall  opposite  the  present  post-oftice ;  con- 
tinued there  for  two  years.  The  church  now  lo- 
cated on  the  (-orner  of  Sixth  street  and  Twelfth 
Avenue  south,  was  l)nill  by  offerings  from  ser- 
vant girls  of  from  live  to  fifteen  dollars  each, 
aided  by  a  subscriptiun  of  *22o.  raised  in  one 
night  by  the  First  Baptist  Chun-li. 

First  Xorwegian  F.aptist  Churcli,  Imatcd  on 
Eleventh  Aveniie  between  Fourth  and  J'Htli 
streets,  was  organized  May  2S.  1S70,  with  about 
fifteen  members,  and  Rev.  J.  A.  II.  Johnson,  pas- 
tor. During  his  administration  a  new  church  was 
begun  in  September.  1880.  From  May  to  Sej)- 
tember  the  churcli  was  without  regular  preach- 
ing, when  lifv.  I.  I.,arsen  was  called  and  accepted 
the  ofiice  of  pastor,  who  so  far  finished  the  work 
as  to  make  it  convenient  fr)r  pubhc  wiirshi]).     .\t 

the  present  time  it  has  al 1   tliii'l>-ciglil  incni- 

bers. 


CONGREGATIONAL    CHTTKCHES. 

Tlie  First  Congregational  chun-li  wasorganiznl 
November  10,  1851.  Rev.  Charles  Seccombe  of 
St.  Anthony,  and  Rev.  Richard  Hall  of  Point 
Douglass,  conducted  the  services.  There  were 
twelve  members  and  ^Mr.  Seccombe.  a  missionary 
of  the  American  Home  Missionary  Society,  took 
charge  of  this  young  organization.  Tliis  was  the 
first  Congregational  church  organized  in  the  ter- 
ritory ;  seven  years  before  the  state  of  Minnesota 
was  added  to  the  Union.  In  18.52  the  church 
formed  a  union  with  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  of  St.  Anthony,  but  this  arrangement  was 
abandoned  July  28,  1858.  Tlie  church  received 
aid  from  the  American  Home  Missionary  Society 
during  the  first  fifteen  years  of  its  existence,  since 
which  time  it  has  been  self  supporting.  Rev. 
Charles  Seccombe  was  installed  as  the  first  pastor 
July  80.1854-,  he  was  succeeded  August,  1866, 
by  Rev.  Orlando  Clark,  who  was  succeeded  Sep- 
tember 28,  1867,  by  Rev.  Jay  Clizbe.  In  June, 
1868,  Rev.  Gabriel  Campbell  took  charge  and 
served  as  acting  pastor  until  June,  ISdii.  Then 
f(ira  few  months  there  was  noreguhii-  siip|ily.  In 
December,  1869,  Rev.  Egbert  B.  liingliam  took 
charge  as  acting  pastor,  and  remained  until 
August,  1870,  when  he  resigned  (in  accdiiiil  (if  ill 
health  ;  he  was  succeeded  by  Kev.  James  Tomp- 
kins as  supply,  who  acted  in  that  capacity  until 
May  15, 1872.  From  this  date  till  February,  1873, 
the  church  was  without  an  acting  pastor.  On 
February  11,  1873,  Rev.  George  M.  Landon  was 
invited  to  become  pastor.  He  accejited  the  call 
and  although  not  installed,  served  as  pastor  elect 
until  May,  1875.  On  the  nth  nf  July,  1875,  Rev. 
E.  M.  Williams  received  a  call  which  heaci'cpted, 
and  is  the  present    incunibeiit.     Tlie  services  of 

the  church   were  first    held   in  a  scl I   luiildiiig 

erected  by  the  town  of  St.  Anthony  as  a  pledge 
of  the  Fniversity  yet  lo  be.  This  building  sto(Hl 
between  Fniversity  Avenue  ami  \\li:il  is  imw 
known  as  Macalester  College,  but  it  lias  long 
since  disappeared.  The  house  of  worsliiii  first 
built  by  the  society  was  locatecl  near  the  coriun- 
of  Central  ,\ venue  and  Fourth  street,  where  it 
still  stands.  The  bascinenl  was  first  occupied  asa 
place  of  worsliip  from  .laiinary  10,  lh5.S,  but  Un: 
iipjier  part  was  not  couipli'ted  until  the  following 
year,  wlieu   it  was  dedicated    Kebiuary    15,   1854. 


474 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


The  present  lioiise  of  worehip  on  the  comer  of 
Fiftli  stn'pt  and  Tliird  Avenne  south-east  was 
(kMlicaleil  June  2S.  IsT-J. 

The  I'lynioiith  ('onjri"eiyratioiial  Cluirch  in  Min- 
neapolis. Minnest)ta.  was  orgauiy.ed  April  2Sth, 
ISo7.  with  eigliteen  members;  one  of  these  came 
liy  iinifcssioii.  two  )>>  letter  from  the  First  Pres- 
liyterian  church  of  this  city,  and  tlio  others  from 
Congregational  and  Presbyterian  churches  in  the 
eastern  and  middle  states.  Of  this  nimiber.  eight 
still  rcniain  nicniliei-s  of  the  church.  The  first 
pastor  was  Hev.  Norman  McLeod.  who  continued 
with  the  church  from  its  organization  >nitil  May, 
1859.  From  that  time  the  pulpit  was  supplied 
I'hielly  by  \U-\.  II.  ('.  .\twater,  until  the  settle- 
ment of  Kev.  II.  M.  Nichols,  as  pastor  in  Uecem- 
b3r,  1859.  The  sudden  and  melancholy  death  of 
lU'v.  .Mr.  Nichols  by  drowning  on  July  oth,  IStiO. 
shrouded  the  church  with  gloom,  and  again  left 
it  without  a  pastor.  Hev.  W.  ]i.  Dada  and  Rev. 
David  ICastmaii.  then  successively  supplied  the 
pulpit  luitil  October,  IfSlJj.  when  Hev.  Charles  C. 
Salter  began  his  ministry  here,  and  was  ijistalled 
pastor  in  Septemlir,  18()4.  April  5th,  18()9,  Hev. 
Mr.  Salter  resigneil  his  jiastorate,  and  was  dis- 
missed by  a  mutual  council  ciuivened  on  the  14th 
of  the  same  month.  The  next  pastor  was  Hev. 
Henry  A.  Stimson.  whu  began  his  labors  Deceni- 
l«'r  1st.  IWHi.  and  was  ordained  and  installed  as 
pa.stor  May  .  25th.  187<».  lie  continued  bis  labors 
until  SeptemlM'r  1st,  1880,  when  he  asked  foradi.s- 
mission  which  was  granted  by  a  council  called 
for  that  iinrjHise.  The  first  house  of  wor.ship 
which  stood  on  the  corner  of  Nicollet  .V venue  and 
Fourth  street,  was  dedicated  December  22d, 
18.58,  and  was  destroyed  by  an  iiiccndiar>  lire 
on  the  flight  of  ,\|>iil  M.  18(11),  in  retalliation  as 
ih  iM'lieved.  for  the  faithriiliiess  and  activity  of 
the  pastor.  Uev.  il.  ,\I.  .\ichols.  in  the  cause  of 
temiicraiice.  A  new  biiililiiig  was  erected  on  the 
site  and  dedicateil  Sciilcnibcr  bttli.  18<):!.  In 
18<l(t,  it  was  enlarged  by  increasing  its  length,  and 
by  the  addition  of  galleries,  thus  providing  about 
two  liiindrcd  and  lifty  additional  sittings.  In 
Is7(i.  the  .steady  iricrea.se  of  tin-  congregation 
made  it  apparent  that  a  still  larger  building 
would  soon  Ik-  needed.  Accordingly  a  new  site 
wa.H  piirclias<-d  on  the  corner  of  NiioUct  .\ venue 
and  Figlith  street. a  building  coiiiiiiittee  appointed, 
and  actual  preiutrations  commenced  for  the  eret- 


tiou  of  a  new  btiilding.  After  various  delays,  the 
corner  stone  of  the  iiresent  church  edifice  was 
laid,  and  the  comideted  building  was  dedicated 
October  lOth,  ls75.  Its  seating  capacity  is  twelve 
hundred,  and  it  tills  an  important  place  in  the  so- 
cial and  religious  life  of  our  city. 

Second  Congregational  Church.  In  the  spring 
of  ISlili.  Hev.  C.  C.  Sailer,  with  the  aid  of  niciii- 
bers  111'  tlic  1'1>  iiidiuli  Chiircli.  and  pensoiis  in  the 
lower  pari  of  tlie  city,  and  very  generous  contri- 
butions from  parties  in  the  Ea«t.  succeeded  in 
raising  funds  sufficient  to  warrant  the  founding 
of  a  mission  Sunday-school.  A  fractional  lot  on 
the  corner  of  Fourth  and  \'ine  street  (now  Fif- 
teenth .\ venue  soiilhj  was  purchased,  and  a  build- 
ing 2tj.\4(l  erected,  at  a  cost  of  Sl,7!t5.8:^.  The 
school  was  opened  May  14th,  1866,  with  ().  15. 
King,  suiierintendent.  Hev.  A.  II.  Carrier  came 
and  labored  until  May.  I.si>7.  when  he  was  suc- 
ceededbyRev.  'William  l,ca\ill.  who  siijiplied  the 
pulpit  until  November  14th,  186!i.  In  the  mean- 
time the  Sunday-school  bad  increased  to  such  an 
extent  ihal  il  was  deemed  exi)edient  to  organize  a 
church,  and  a  council  was  called  by  letters  dated 
September  24th,  18(i7.  The  council  met  Octolter 
Oth,  18157.  Hev.  \.  K.  Packard,  moderator:  and 
Hev.  E.  S.  Williams,  scribe,  .\fler  a  carcl'ul 
view  of  the  history  of  llie  work  and  Uic  iiccil  of 
il  in  that  part  of  the  city,  it  was  moved  bv  Kev. 
E.  S.  Williams  that  the  church  be  organized  in 
accordance  with  tlie  petition.  The  motion  was 
mianimonsly  carried.  Uev.  .Messrs.  Ilall,  Dudley 
and  Brown  were  api>ointed  a  committee  to  call  a 
meeting  for  the  pulilic  recognition  of  the  church. 
The  council  met,  October  14tli.  and  the  <'hurch, 
consisting  of  twenl\  iiienibeis,  was  <lul>  organ- 
ized with  a]>]iroiiriat<'  exercises.  The  organiza- 
tion had  thus  far  been  known  as  "  Plymouth 
Chapel,"  but  al  a  niceliiig  held  Octol>er  2oih. 
1807,  it  was  voted  that  it  be  called  tlie  "  Nine 
Street  Congregational  Chnn'li."  During  the  pas- 
torate of  Mr.  Leavill.  Ilie  iiundK  rol  nienihers  in- 
creased from  twenty  to  Ibirly-live.  .Mr.  Leavitt 
was  succeeded  by  Hev.  Prescott  Fay,  who  occii- 
jiied  the  puljiit  for  two  years,  resigning  November 
18th,  1871.  Hev.  Horace  Hnrnsted  coninienced 
his  laboi-s  in  this  cbincli  I'elnuaiy  llh.  Is72.  and 
continiUMl  until  .March  1st.  Ih75.  l'rc\ious  to 
this,  the  increase  of  the  congregation  and  Sunday  - 
school    liMil    made    il    necessary   to    |ini\  iile  niore 


UNIVERSALIST  CHURCHES. 


47-5 


ample  accommodations.  Two  lots,  at  the  comer 
of  Eiglith  street  and  Tliirtefutli  Avenue  south, 
were  secured,  and  the  work  of  erecting  a  new 
church  was  begun.  Tlie  basement,  consisting  of 
lecture-room,  class-rooms  and  kitclien.  was  com- 
pleted in  July,  1874,  since  which  it  has  been  occu- 
pied by  the  church.  The  building  is  veneered 
with  cream  shade  brick  ;  it  stands  about  eighty 
feet  in  extreme  length  by  seventy  feel  in  breadth, 
and  will  seat  560  persons  in  the  audituriuni.  The 
name  of  the  church  has  also  been  changed  to 
"  The  Second  Congregational  ("hurch  of  Minne- 
apolis." At  a  meeting  of  the  church  held  May 
24th,  1875,  it  was  unanimously  voted  to  extend  to 
Rev.  E.  S.  Williams  a  call  to  become  its  pastor. 
The  call  was  accepted,  and  he  has  continued  as 
pastor  until  the  present  time.  During  this  pe- 
riod of  two  years,  seventy-one  have  been  added 
to  its  membership — thirty-nine  on  jirofession  of 
faith  and  thirty-two  by  letter.  The  Sunday- 
school,  which  at  first  numbered  twenty-six  schol- 
ars, has  steadily  increased,  and  in  1S77  numbered 
two  hundred. 

Pilgrim  Church  is  located  at  the  corner  of 
Washington  Avenue  and  Fourteentli  Avenue 
north.  On  the  29th  day  of  September,  1873,  this 
church  was  organized,  with  twenty-two  members 
Rev.  C.  A.  Hampton  was  the  first  pastor,  who 
resigned  January  14th,  1879,  succeeded  by  Rev. 
G.  A.  Hood,  in  March,  1879.  During  that  time 
the  church  steadily  increased,  so  that  it  has 
passed  from  a  mission  chapel  into  a  neat  and 
commodious  church,  which  is  now  self-siislaining 
with  a  nieniliership  of  about  ninety.  Tlu^  Sui/ 
day-school,  which  was  the  nucleus  around  wliich 
the  present  church  w;is  formed,  was  a  mission 
from  PlymiiiiUi  Clnnc-b,  and  imw  numbers  about 
one  hundred  and  forty.  Mr.  Horace  Layton  su- 
perintendent. Tills  is  but  another  repetition  of 
past  history  in  the  life's  work  of  earnest  men. 

UNIVEKSALIST. 

The  first  Univerealist  Society  of  St.  Anthony 
was  organized  at  the  school-house  in  St.  Anthony 
on  Sunday,  the  28th  day  of  .Vngust.  1h."):1.  (i.  H. 
Dutton  was  called  to  the  chair,  and  Daniel  I,. 
Taine,  elected  clerk.  The  object  of  the  meeting 
was  stated  by  one  of  the  members.  Reuben  Rail 
was  elected  treasurer  and  collector  for  the  ('ur- 
rent  year,  and  the  following  executive  committee 


was  then  elected;  Stephen  Cobb,  M.  W.  Getchell 
and  J.  I?.  Bassett;  Rev.  Mr.  Rarnes,  pastor.  At  a 
meeting  called  in  Central  hall,  St.  Anthony, 
February  3d,  1856,  the  society  was  re-organized 
with  John  L.  Lovejoy  for  president,  and  J.  II. 
Lennon,  secretary.  At  the  annual  meeting  held 
February  2d,  1859,  Rev.  Mr.  Rames  tendered  his 
resignation  as  pastor  of  the  society.  May  17th, 
1868,  Rev.  II.  Risbee  was  elected  pastor  of  the 
church.  February  fith,  1.S76,  the  society  met  with 
president  Lovejoy  in  the  chair,  and  resolved  that 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Harrington  be  invited  to  come  and 
hold  meetings  in  the  spring,  in  order  to  determine 
the  question  whether  or  not  a  pastor  could  be 
mamtained.  This  was  the  last  meeting  the  so- 
ciety held.  Circumstances  over  which  the  mem- 
bers of  the  society  had  no  control,  caused  them 
to  discontinue  then-  meetings,  and  in  1877,  they 
sold  their  church  building  and  grounds  to  the 
French  Catholics,  and  it  is  now  known  as  the 
Church  of  Our  Lady  of  Lourdes. 

The  first  meeting  for  organization  of  the  Church 
of  the  Redeemer  was  held  at  the  (_'ataract  House, 
October  24th,  1859,  W.  D.  Washburn  in  the  chair; 
it  was  organized  under  the  name  of  First  Uni- 
versalist  Society  of  ^linneapolis.  Among  the 
first  members  in  1854-5,  were  Judge  Cornell  and 
wife,  I.  I.  Lewis,  (;eorge  W.  Chowen,  Isaac 
Brown  and  John  Jackins.  Rev.  D.  Skinner 
preached  for  a  few  months,  \\  ben  the  Ue\'.  .7.  W. 
King  was  called  and  accei)tcd  tlie  pastorate. 
During  his  pastorate  a  ihuicli  was  built  on  the 
corner  of  Fifth  street  anil  Fourth  Avenue  south, 
and  was  dedicated  in  October,  1866,  Rev.  D.  M. 
Kced  of  Illinois,  preaching  the  dedication  ser- 
mon. On  the  first  Sunday  in  July,  Rev.  .1.  II. 
Tuttle  of  Chicago,  ])reached  his  first  sermon. 
After  eight  years  of  his  ministry  the  increasing 
growth  of  the  clnuch  necessitated  a  change  for 
larger  acconnuodations.  A  connuittee  was  ac- 
cordingly appointed  and  a  new  site  for  a  church 
was  selected  on  tlie  corner  of  Eighth  street  and 
Second  Avenue  sonlli.  and  w(nk  was  commenced 
on  the  i)resent  new  and  lieautiful  edifice  in  May, 
lH7.'i.  The  work  was  pushed  forward  as  rapidly 
as  so  elaborate  a  work  could  well  lie  done,  all  tak- 
ing an  interest  in  the  new  house.  Hon.  W.  I). 
Wasliliiirii  lursciilcil  the  society  with  an  elegant 
organ  of  the  finest  finish  and  tone,  (■osting  be- 
tween  three   and  four  thousand  dollars.     After 


476 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


tlie  cDnipletioii  of  the  cliurch  a  meeting  was  called 
in  July.  187(i.  and  on  a  motion  made,  the  new 
cliurcli  was  named  the  "Cliuicli  of  the  Re- 
deemer," and  was  dedicated  July  Otli,  1876. 
Rev.  A.  A.  Minor,  1).  D.,  of  Roston,  Massachu- 
setts, preaching  the  dedication  sermon.  Invoca- 
tion hy  tlie  Hev.  Hohert  ("ollycr  of  Chicago.  Jt 
ishuiil  of  hlue  linie-slonc  in  the  golliic  style  of  ar- 
chitecture, with  elegantly  designed  and  stained 
windows,  and  is  a  marvel  of  lieauty  in  design 
and  arcliilecture.  liev.  J.  II.  Tuttle  is  i)astor  in 
charge. 

KPISCOPAI.. 

riitu'ch  of  (ietlisemane.  Protestant  Episcopal, 
is  located  on  Seventli  Avenue  soutli,  corner  of 
Fifth  street.  Tne  lii-st  Episcopal  service  per- 
foimed  in  wliat  is  now  Minneapolis,  was  a  funeral 
senice  hy  the  Hev.  Dr.  (iear.  in  tlie  old  govern- 
ment mill  near  the  falls.  April  4lli.  ],s.5(J,  the 
church  of  Gethsemane  wiis  organized  by  Rev.  J. 
S.  Chamberlain,  missionary  at  St.  Anthony,  who, 
during  the  si)ring  and  sunuiicr  of  that  year,  held 
sen'ices  in  a  jiublic  hall  on  Helen  street,  organ- 
ized with  five  communicants:  Wardens.  II.  T. 
Welles.  M.  L.  Olds:  vestrymen.  \\  .  .1.  I'arsons, 
I.  Atwaler.  .\.  E.  .\mcs.  July.  lH.j(i.  Rev.  I).  B. 
Knickerbacker.  [Meseiit  rector,  was  ajipointed 
missionar}'  of  the  domestic  board,  and  was  or- 
dained priest,  in  (ielhseniane  Church  July.  18.57. 
by  IJisliDp  Kemper.  .Vugust  oth.  IS-Vi.  tlicc<inier 
Ktoiie  of  (ietlisemane  Chunli  was  laid,  by  the 
Kev.  Dr.  Gear,  then  chaplain  at  Fort  Snelling, 
and  the  lirst  service  was  held  in  the  church  De- 
•■endier  7th  of  that  year.  At  the  time  of  the  con- 
secration of  the  church  there  were  sixteen  com- 
municants. In  185K,  the  rectory  and  sexton's 
house  were  bnill.  and  in  1k(1.").  the  cliin-ch  was 
eidarged  and  the  parish  school  oiwued.  The  his- 
tory of  the  church  is  one  of  st<'aily  gmulh  iiiid 
proRpenl>  There  are  now  (188(1)  two  liuiidicd 
and  llfly  i-onmnuiii-aiils.  The  present  olliicis  are: 
Hwtor.  Kev.  1).  H.  Knickerbacjier.  1).  1).:  rector's 
H.ssistaiit.  Hev.  J.  A.  Heviiiglon.  H.  D.:  senior 
warden.  I.  .\twater:  junlur  warden.  ().  T.  Tutlle; 
vestr>men.  C.  \\.  I'liluani.  .M.  I).:  \V.  15.  .lack- 
Hon.  Jr.:  E.  II.  Holbnw.k.  Jr.:  W.  H.  Chamber- 
lain, John  I.  HIack.  W.  D.  Lawrence,  M.  D.: 
Irea.Hurer,  (i.  C.  Farnham  :  clerk.  S.  C.  .March  : 
parish  visitors,  Sislers  ,\nni'tle  Itelf  and  .Mrs.  I). 
E.   S|MMiner.     Connected    willi   Ihe   church   is  a 


Sunday-school,  of  which  the  rector  is  superin- 
tendent, having  an  average  attendance  of  about 
225  scholars.  The  following  is  a  description  of 
the  missions  in  the  city  under  charge  of  (TCtlise- 
mane  Cliurch: 

St.  Andrew's  (  limcli.  .Nmlli  Minneapolis,  is 
located  at  the  corner  of  Wasliington  and  Eigli- 
teentli  .Vvennes  north.  Services  were  com- 
menced in  }s'u  and  continued  until  tlie  pre.sent 
time  under  the  care  of  tlie  clergy  of  (iethsemaue. 
Senice  is  held  every  Sunday  morning,  and  Sun- 
day-school after  morning  service.  There  are 
fifty  families  and  lifty-live  communicants.  The 
Sunday-school  has  seventy-five  scholars  enrolled. 

Grace  Chapel  Mission  is  located  on  Franklin 
Avenue,  corner  of  Twenty-first  Avenue  south. 
It  was  erected  in  1S77.  at  a  cost  of  §2,500;  owned 
and  under  the  care  of  the  Hrotherhood  of  Geth- 
semane Cliurdi.  Di\  ine  service  and  Sunday- 
school  is  held  weekly  at  tlir( 'clock  r.  M.:    one 

hundred  children  are  eiiriilli'd.  It  is  under  the 
care  of  Hev.  1).  li.  Kiiickerliacker,  1).  D.,  and  as- 
sistants. 

County  Jail. — Mission  services  are  held  here 
every  Sunday  afteni(  1(111  liy  the  Brotherhood  of 
(iethseinane  Cliurcli. 

Holy  Trinity  Church.  Fourth  .Vvciiiic  south, 
corner  Sixth  street  was  foumlcd  under  the  auspi- 
ces of  the  associated  mission  which  landed  at  Ft. 
Snelling  in  18.j(i.  consisting  of  tlic  Kev.  .James 
Lloyd  Breck.  .lohn  .Viistiu  Merrick  and  Rev. 
Timothy  AVilcoxsoii.  The  lirst  service  in  Ea.st 
Minneapolis,  then  St.  .\iillioiiy  was  held  in  July, 
1850,  by  Rev.  Timothy  Wilcoxson.  'I'lic  cdrner 
stone  of  the  original  church  was  laiil  li\  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Breck,  0(^t<)l)er  ;iOtli,  1850.  liev.  Father 
(Jear,  chaplain  at  Fort  Snelling,  making  the  ad- 
dress. First  e|)isci)|ial  vjsitaticiii  was  made  by 
Right  Rev.  Dr.  Kiniprr  cm  Siindav.  .\ut;ust  Itli, 
18.')().  The  jiarish  was  formally  oigani/.ed  on 
Eastei'  .Monday,  1852,  lirst  (•Icrgyniaii  in  charge, 
Rev.  Timothy  Wilcoxson.  O.tohir  l.st,  1852, 
Hev.  J.  S.  Chamberlain  was  assigned  to  duty  at 
St.  .\nllion\.  anil  several  stations  norlli  and 
■south;  Hev.  D.  B.  Knickerbacker  afterwards  pas- 
tor of  (ietlisemane  jiarisli,  and  Bishop  elect  of 
Arizona,  was  sent  out  to  aid  Hev.  Mr.  Chamlicr- 
lain  and  reniained  in  c'haige  until  1857.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Hev.  Charles  Woodward  as  rector 
from  1857   to   '50.    The  rectorship  was  vacant 


EPISCOPAL  CHURCHES. 


477 


from  "59  to  '60,  when  Rev.  H.  A.  Neely  assumed 
temporary  charge  until  May  oth.  1861.  Rev.  ;Mr. 
Kiiiekerbacker  resumed  the  care  of  the  parish 
until  1S62.  In  1863,  llev.  A.  Spor  became  rector, 
remained  until  1865;  Rev.  Dr.  Smallwood  suc- 
ceeded, who  died  miiversally  regretted,  July  2d, 
1869.  The  parish  again  became  dependent  upon 
the  care  of  Rev.  Mr.  Kiiickerliacker  until  Octo- 
ber, 1867;  Rev.  A.  Reves  succeeded  only  to  re- 
main a  short  time.  Rev.  John  Anketel  succeed- 
'ed  him  for  a  brief  period;  Rev.  G.  L.  Chase  then 
became  rector,  remaining  luitil  September,  1874, 
at  which  time,  after  being  twice  called,  he  as- 
sumed the  wardenship  of  the  Divinity  school  at 
Fariljault.  ilr.f'hase  was  assisted  for  several  years 
by  the  Rev.  Charles  H.  Plummer,  who  was 
succeeded  in  October,  1874.  by  Rev.  Frank  C. 
Coolbaugh,  who  remained  luitil  October  4th, 
1875.  On  December  4th.  187o.  Rev.  Theodore 
M.  Riley,  of  Thiladelphia,  was  elected  rector,  and 
entered  upon  his  duties  July  15th,  1876.  Under 
the  rectorship  of  Rev.  ^Mr.  Chase,  a  new  stone 
church  had  been  erected,  which  remained  unfurn- 
ished imtil  1876;  cai-pets  and  pews  were  provided 
m  1877;  windows  for  the  chancel  were  presented 
by  !Mrs.  Elizabeth  Grow,  of  Xew  York;  furnish- 
ed and  without  debt  it  awaited  consecration, 
which  occured  on  ascension  day.  May  30th,  1878, 
by  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Whipple.  The  sermon  w-as 
preached  by  Rev.  C.  W.  Ward,  (if  AVinona,  son 
of  the  late  Comodore  Ward.  The  Font 
now  in  use  in  the  church,  was  made  from 
stone  that  fell  from  the  top  of  St.  Anthony  Falls 
in  1856.  The  altar  somewhat  enlarged,  is  the 
original  one  in  use  in  the  days  of  Breck,  Mer- 
rick and  Wilcoxson;  the  bell  was  purchased  in 
1854.  The  rectory  just  completed  was  erected 
during  the  past  year,  largely  through  the  kind 
benevolence  of  ilrs.  Caroline  II.  Delano,  of  Nia- 
gara Falls,  who  donated  one  thousand  dollars  to- 
ward the  cozy  stinctnre;  the  remaining  $500  was 
contributed  by  the  parish. 

St.  Mark's  Church  was  organized  April  22(1,  ) 
1868.  The  first  sers'ice  of  the  new  parish  ^^■as  in 
St.  Mark"s  Chapel,  in  July,  sermon  by  Rev. 
E.  S.  Thomas,  of  Faribault.  Rev.  Mr.  Thomas 
was  imanimously  chosen  the  first  rector,  August 
3d,  which  he  declined.  Rev.  E.  A.  Bradley  was 
elected,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  ofiice 
in  1869,  holding  the  rectorship  for  about  eigliteen 


months.  lie  resigned  August  10th,  1870.  The 
new  cliurcli  was  completed  in  December  follow- 
ing, and  the  first  service  in  the  new  edifice  was 
held  on  Christmas  day,  at  which  time  the  total 
amount  of  the  chiu'ch  debt  of  seven  thousand 
dollars,  was  paid  by  the  generous  offerings  of  the 
people.  This  new  and  beautiful  structure  was 
consecrated  September  21.st.  1871,  Bishop  Whip- 
ple officiating.  Rev.  Mr.  Thomas  resigned  Janu- 
ary 1st,  1875,  succeeded  by  Rev.  Mr.  Corbett,  D. 
D.,  who  resigned  Jaiuiary  2d.  1880.  In  October, 
1880,  Rev.  T.  B.  Wells,  I).  D.,  the  present  rector, 
was  elected.  , 

St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Church,  located  on  Henne- 
pin Avenue,  between  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth 
sti'eets,  was  organized  in  June,  1880.  For  about 
seven  months  meetings  were  held  in  Elliott  hall 
on  Nicollet  Avenue  between  Washington  Avenue 
and  Third  street.  The  congregation  jnu'chased 
its  present  site  on  Hennepin  Avenue,  and  erected 
their  edifice  w-hieh  they  occupied  early  in  Novem- 
ber, 1880.  In  July,  the  present  rector.  Rev.  F. 
W.  Tomkins  was  called  and  took  charge  Septem- 
ber 1st,  1880.  The  communicants  number  about 
seventy-five,  and  are  rapidly  increasing. 

Christ  Church,  Reformed  Episcopal,  is  one  of 
the  later  organizations  of  the  city.  Its  edifice  is 
on  Hennepin  Avenue  above  Tenth  street,  and  it 
possesses  one  of  the  best  organs  in  the  city.  Its 
meml)ership  as  yet  is  small.  The  officers  are: 
rector.  Rev.  Edward  D.  Neill;  senior  warden,  W. 
C.  Baker;  junior  warden,  George  Markell;  vestry- 
men, Edwin  Phillips,  M.  D.,  J.  II.  Bissell,  M.  D., 
W.  W.  McNair. 

The  German  Lutheran.  St.  John's  Church,  is 
located  on  First  sti'eet  between  Sixtli  and  Seventh 
Avenues  north-east.  The  first  meeting  was  held 
in  a  school-house,  in  June,  1867.  Rev.  ^Ir.  Facht- 
man  was  the  first  ])astor.  The  church  had  six- 
teen members.  From  various  causes  the  mem- 
bership has  lieen  reduced,  and  the  cliiirch  is  at 
lire.sent  without  a  pastoi'. 

Trinity  Norwegiau  Danisli  Kvangclical  Luth- 
eran Church  is  locate(l  on  the  corner  of  Fourth 
street  and  Tenth  Avenue  south.  Was  organized 
in  1868,  by  Rev.  Paulson,  who  is  now  a  resident 
of  Wilmar.  The  second  pastor  was  Prof.  Wee- 
naas;  the  third.  Prof.  Sven  Oftedal ;  and  the 
fourth,  G.  rjfte(Ial,  the  present  incuuibent.  The 
church  was  erected  in  1871.    The  first  member 


478 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPl^'^  COUNTY. 


ship  was  about  thirty.  The  present  nuniher  is 
4o().  There  is  a  reli<j;ioiis  school  held  in  this 
church  about  two  and  a  lialf  months  in  the  year; 
also  a  a  Sunday-school  weekly. 

Our  SaviorV  Church.  Norwegian  Evangelical 
Lutlieran.  located  on  the  comer  of  VVa.shington 
and  Tenth  Avenue  south,  was  organized  in  1869, 
by  Hey.  Zlvisaker.  with  about  six  members.  He 
remained  about  three  years,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Kev.  A.  II.  Stub.  In  1878,  the  present  in- 
cumbent, O.  P.  \'augsnes,  was  called  to  this 
charge.  Tlie  voting  mcnibcrshi])  is  atioul  one 
hun<lrcd. 

Emanuel  ("luircli.  Xniwcgiiin  Evangelical  Lu- 
theran, located  on  Firet  street  between  Cen- 
tral and  First  Avenues  north-east  It  is  an 
outgrowth  from  the  church  of  -Our  Savior," 
and  was  organized  by  Rev.  A.  II.  Stub,  to  ac- 
connuodate  the  Norwegian  population  on  the 
east  side.  Hev.  Mr.  Stub  was  succeeded  by  the 
Hev.  <).  1'.  A'augsnes.  who  is  now  in  charge. 

.Swedish  FIvangelical  I>utheran  Jilission  Church 
is  located  on  the  corner  of  Fourth  street  and 
Eighth  Avenue  soutli;  was  organized  in  1874.  by 
by  Hev.  Charles  Youngijvist.  who  remained  six 
months:  was  then  suiijilied  occasionally  until  1877, 
when  Hev.  A.  Lidniau  took  charge,  remaining 
until  the  arrival  of  the  Hev.  C.  E.  Tornqvist' 
August,  1880.  First  worshipi)ed  on  the  ccmierof 
Sixth  stif'ct  and  Seventeenth  Aveinie  south,  in  a 
church  sold  to  Father  I'ower  of  the  Holy  Hosavy 
Church.  In  187!t.  a  church  was  erected  on  the 
corner  of  Fourth  street  and  Eighth  Avenue  south, 
and  dedicated  the  same  year.  Was  organized 
with  eight  families.  The  communicants  now 
numl)er  17o. 

St.  John's  Church,  (lermaii  Evangelical,  is  lo- 
cated on  the  corner  of  Sixteenth  Avenue  north 
and  Third  street,  and  was  organized  in  1872,  by 
Hev.  I/ouis  Hague  of  St.  Paul.  Having  no  edi- 
fice, met  in  private  houses,  and  wsls  occassionally 
visited  by  Hev.  Hague.  In  1874  Hev.  L.  II. 
liuehrig  was  appointed  pastfir.  In  IK-.j  the  land 
on  which  the  neat  little  church  and  parsonage  is 
hM-atitl  was  imrcliascil  anil  tliccliiircli  creeled  the 
same  year.  Hev.  Ibiclirig  reniaiui-d  (ill  May  1st. 
IH7H.  For  a  few  months  tliere  was  no  regular 
preaching.  August  8th.  I87h.  Hev.  II.  Fleer  took 
charge  of  the  work  and  now  remains  paslor. 

During  the  vacation  of  llic   pulilic  scl Is  Mr. 


Fleer  has  a  select  school  in  the  church  for  about 
three  months  in  the  year.  Reading,  writhig, 
mental  arithmetic,  spelling,  etc.,  are  taught. 

Trinity  Church,  (iernian  Evangelical  Lutheran, 
is  located  on  the  corner  of  Ninth  Avenue  south 
and  I'ourth  street.  In  18.56,  Ferdinand  Sievers 
was  sent  here  by  the  Missouri  Synod  to  investi- 
gate, and  finding  a  number  of  his  countrymen 
here  without  a  pastor  or  church  orgaiuzation,  he 
consented  to  V)reach  a  few  times,  thereby  forming 
the  nucleus  of  the  present  Trinity  church.  After 
his  return  home,  the  society  was  visited  by  Rev. 
E.  (i.  Miessler,  then  a  missionary  from  Michigan. 
The  first  regular  pastor  was  Rev.  John  Horst, 
who  took  charge  in  bSoO.  coming  here  from  Fort 
Wayne,  Indiana,  remaining  till  the  summer  of 
186.3:  moved  to  (ioodhue  county,  leaving  the 
church  without  a  regular  supply.  Rev.  Paul 
Rupprecht  preached  occasionally,  after  which 
Rev.  ICrnesl  Rolf,  of  St.  Paul,  took  the  charge 
until  March,  18i;s.  when  Hev.  William  Fredrich 
supplied  the  pul|iit  iiiilil  llic  licaltli  of  Hev.  John 
llerzer  permitted  liim  to  lesnnie.  and  he  contin- 
lU'd  his  labors  until  July  litli.  ISTli.  when  the  pres- 
ent incnnilicnl,  Mr.  Doell.  arrived.  The  church 
was  built  in  1868.  and  dedicated  in  September  of 
the  same  year.  .Vl  that  time  there  were  only 
sixteen  members:  at  in-cscnl  the  voting  nxMulu'r- 
ship  is  sixty. 

St.  Paul's  Norwegian  Kvangcli /al  Lutheran 
church,  located  on  the  cdrncr  of  Fourth  street 
and  IMfteeuth  .\ venue  soutli.  was  organized  July 
6th,  1872.  b\  .Mr.  Berg,  i)astor,  with  twenty-six 
members.  F'ldni  the  liist  organization  to  llu> 
I)resent  time  llicy  ha\c  had  three  i)astors.  Rev. 
Mr.  Karlson  is  the  present  jiastor.  Have  a  Sun- 
day-school that  was  organized  in  1874:  jiresent 
membership  forty-live,  with  L.  Johnson  stii>erin- 
lendcnt. 

The  (ierman  Evangelical  Association  is  located 
on  the  corner  of  Fourth  street  anil  Sixth  .\ venue 
north.  The  lirst  meeting  was  held  at  a  private 
residence  c(ir?ier  of  Third  street  ami  Hennepin 
Avenue  hi  .Inly.  187(»,  witli  Ihrcf  niiMubers,  (i.  II. 
Knebel  lirst  jiastor.  Iiishii]i  Whipjile  kindly 
olTeri'il  Ihcni  th<'  use  of  Ihc  church,  comer  of 
l-'iiMitli  street  ami  I  li'iiii(|iin  .\\cnue.  'I'he 
church  in  which  lhc,\  wurshippcil  was  to  be 
moved,  obliging  thciii  to  seek  (|uarlers  elsewhere. 
liy  the  action  dt    the  (■diitci-cncc  held    in  St.  Paul. 


LUTHEBAN  CnURCHES. 


479 


steps  were  taken  to  secure  property  of  their  own, 
and  in  August  following,  a  lot  was  purchased  cor- 
ner of  Fourth  street  and  Foiu'th  Avenue  north, 
and  in  September  following,  work  was  begun,  and 
inXovember  tlie  cluireh  was  completed  and  dedi- 
cated. Rev.  A.  Iludster,  I).  D.,  of  tlic  Xorthwest- 
ern  College  at  !N"apierville.  Illinois,  otiiciating. 
June  12th.  1872,  a  permanent  organization  was 
made.  In  1873,  Rev.  J.  jMantliey  came  as  pastor; 
during  his  three  years  of  labor  the  church  grew 
and  prospered.  In  1876,  Rev.  W.  Stegner  was 
stationed  here  for  three  years.  In  that  time  the 
lot  on  which  the  church  stood  was  sold  to  the 
Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Railway.  Immediately 
thereafter,  the  present  site  was  purchased,  the 
church  Inulding  nio\ed  and  repaired;  in  the  same 
5'ear  a  parsonage  was  built  at  a  cost  of  Sl,200.  In 
1879,  Mr.  Stegner  was  elected  presiding  elder, 
and  succeeded  by  Rev.  .J.  (i.  Ilaller.  under  whom 
the  church  has  grown  largely;  also  the  Snnday- 
school.  The  parishioners  have  worked  with  com- 
mendable zeal. 

A  parochial  school,  in  connection  witli  Trinity 
Chiu'ch,  corner  of  Fiunih  street  and  Tenth  Ave- 
nue south,  has  been  conducted  since  the  founding 
of  the  chiu'ch.  At  first  it  was  taught  by  the 
minister  in  charge,  but  in  18(38,  Frederick  Droess- 
ler  taught  three  months  and  then  the  minister 
again  took  charge  until  Augu.st  13th,  1871,  when 
John  Miller,  a  graduate  of  the  Teachers"  Semi- 
nary at  Addison,  Cook  county,  Illinois,  was  en- 
gaged. He  was  succeeded,  April  1st,  1873,  by 
Fred  Lothman,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  on  Sep- 
tember l.st,  1874,  John  W.  Doell,  the  present  in- 
cumbent took  charge.  The  building  is  located 
near  the  church  on  the  grounds  of  the  society. 
The  branches  taught  are  religion,  German  and 
English  reading,  arithmetic,  grammar,  vocal 
music.  United  States  history,  translation  and 
drawing. 

Lutheran  School  Association.  In  September, 
188(1,  an  educational  association  was  formed  un- 
der the  supervision  of  Rev.  O.  F.  A'augsnes.  The 
object  of  this  organization  is  tea(;hing  of  children 
of  both  sexes  in  religion  and  branches  usually 
tauglit  in  a  gra<le(l  school.  School  is  taught  ten 
months  of  the  year,  in  the  basement  of  Uw.  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  church,  corner  of  Fourth  Avcmie 
south  and  Fifth  stieet. 

In  connection  with  Augustana  church,  a  relig- 


ious day  school  is  held  in  the  church  about  four 
months  in  the  year.  The  branches  taught  are 
reading,  Bible  history  and  catecliism. 

Tlie  Friends  held  their  first  meeting  in  the 
summer  of  lS5(i,  with  about  twelve  members, 
who  assembled  in  an  upper  hall  on  First  street, 
in  a  building  belonging  to  .loel  Kassett.  Daniel 
Rassett  ••head  of  the  meeting"  holding  meetings 
in  that  place  for  two  or  three  years.  In  18o7,  they 
built  the  present  church  on  Hennepin  Avenue 
and  Eighth  street,  and  have  a  membership  of 
about  one  hundred  and  twenty. 

The  Church  of  Christ,  of  Minneapolis,  owes 
its  organization  to  the  following  circumstances. 
Early  in  the  month  of  February,  1877,  the  Chris- 
tian ^Missionary  Society  of  Minnesota,  an  institu- 
tion incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  state  by 
the  religious  people  commoidy  known  as  Disci- 
ples, sent  to  the  city  of  Minneapolis,  its  then 
presiding  elder,  J.  LaCirange,  to  ascertain  who,  if 
any  of  its  residents  were  of  their  faith,  and  to 
organize  if  possible,  a  church.  After  some  ef- 
forts several  were  found,  and  an  interview  was 
appointed  for  the  evening  of  Felnuary  14th,  at 
the  house,  A.  T.  Ankeny.  At  this  interview  the 
following  members  were  present;  Elder  La 
tirange,  :Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  B.  Mattison,  Mrs.  O.  C. 
Wyman,  Airs.  W.  S.  Atkinson.  It  was  then  de- 
termined to  continue  the  work  of  incjuiry.  In 
the  month  of  May  following,  muler  the  invita- 
tion of  the  brethren,  they  were  visited  by  Elder 
N.  A.  McConnell,  of  Iowa,  by  whom  a  series  of 
meetings  was  conducted  at  the  chapel  of  the 
Xew  Jerusalem  ('hurch  on  the  corner  of  Ninth 
street  and  Fifth  Avenue  south.  As  a  result  of 
those  labors,  the  Ciuu'ch  of  Christ  was  fornmd,  to 
be  governed  in  all  things  l)y  the  Holy  Scriptures. 
From  that  time  forward,  the  public  services  were 
regulai-,  and  the  following  persons  have 
acted  as  pastors;  Elders.  E.  T.  C.  Bennett, 
W.  II.  Rogers  and  W.  II.  Jeffries.  The 
trustees  are  S.  15.  Mattison,  O.  C.  Wyman  and 
A.  T.  Ankeny,  deacons,  D.  \V.  Kgan,  J.  W.  Bird- 
well,  Dr.  L.  W.  Denton  and  O.  A.  Slafter.  The 
present  membership  is  seventy-six.  As  adjuncts 
to  the  chiu'cli  are  a  lloursliing  Bible  school  and 
Womans  Aid  Society;  services  are  held  every  lirst 
<lay  of  the  week  at  the  chapel,  corner  Ninth 
street  and  Fifth  ,\ venue  south.  It  is  the  expec- 
liition  of  this  church  to  erect  an  edilice  for  wor- 


480 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


sliip  at  as  early  a  day  as  circumstances  will  al- 
low. 

Tlie  Aiiv.'iit  Chrisliaii  Cliiirch.  Fourth  street, 
Ijetwcen  Fifth  ami  Sixth  Avenues  north,  was  or- 
puiized  with  Hev.  II.  F.  IJeiTick,  first  piistor. 
I'resent  church  eililice  was  erected  in  1870.  The 
(ifliciatin?  clercyman.  Hev.  W.  .1.  Brusell.  coni- 
nienced  his  laliju-s  in  lH7i).  They  have  a  nieniber- 
ship  of  ahout  forty;  also  a  Sunday-school  with  an 
averajre  attendence  of  forty:  Mr.  J.  Coltrr.  super- 
intendent. 

The  Hebrew  Ilefornied  ("onKreRation  is  located 
near  the  comer  of  First  Avenue  south  and  Fifth 
street.  This  society  rented  a  hall  on  Hennepin 
Avenue  in  ISTS.  where  they  worshiped  for  two 
years,  with  the  Uev.  Dr.  Friedman  for  their 
pastor  for  the  first  year,  who  was  then  succeeded 
by  Hev.  I>r.  Shreierfor  one  year.  Their  constant- 
ly increasi;ig  numbers  obliged  them  to  Iniild  a 
synagogue,  at  a  cost  of  $6,500,  which  was  ded- 
icated in  the  winter  of  1880.  It  is  built  in 
the  Oriental  style  of  architecture.  Aflcr  its 
dedication,  the  Hev.  Dr.  Iliowizi.  a  highly  cul- 
tured mail,  was  called  ami  accejited  the  charKe. 


(11  Al'TFI!    I. Will. 


XKWSI'AI'KH8— COUHTS   AND    llAli. 

St.  Anthony  Kxpress,  weekly.  To  the  St.  An- 
thony Express,  belongs  the  hoiKir  of  the  title  of 
Fatlier  of  the  I'ress  at  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony. 
The  lirsl  number  was  issued  on  Saturda.N  of  the 
liuit  week  in  May,  1H")I.  It  was  pMblisbed  in 
weekly  form,  indeed  there  was  no  daily  publica- 
tion in  the  t<-rrilory  until  six  yeara  later.  Our 
well  known  fellow  citizen.  Judge  Isaac  Atwater 
<Hlit<'d,  and  K.  Tyler  published  the  paper.  In  the 
spring  of  IK.'.L',  .ludge  .Mwater  bought  out  his 
partner  and  continued  the  publication  of  the  sheet 
until  1K.',K.  when  it  was  n-moviMl  to  Shakopee, 
having  Im-cii  soM  to  .ludge  .McDmiald. 

Minnewita  Kepiiblicaii,  weekly.  On  A|iril  12tli. 
IK.V»,  C.  (i.  .Vines,  editor,  and  D.  I,.  I'aine.  pub- 
llnlier.  HtJirt4'd  the  .MInnewita  Hepidilican.  which 
nni   with   varying  mic<«iiH  until    it  was  moIiI   Uj 


Croffut  and  Clark  and  finally,  on  .lanuary  nth, 
lSo8,  merged  into  the  State  News. 

Falls  Evening  News,  daily.  Alessi-s.  Croffut 
and  Clark  were  the  fii'st  to  launch  their  baik  upon 
the  sea  of  daily  journalism  ;  on  whose  nx-ks  and 
shoals  so  many  promising  crafts  have  been  ship- 
wrecked. September  28th,  18o(i.  they  began  the 
publication  of  the  daily,  Falls  Evening  Xews.  In 
April,  1861,  the  daily,  after  a  hard  struggle,  sank 
from  view.  The  weekly  edition,  known  as  the 
Stale  Xews.  continued  however,  two  years  longer. 

Norlli-Westeni  Democrat,  weekly.  W.A.IIotch- 
kiss,  started  the  Noilh-Western  Democrat,  the  lir.st 
paper  issued  west  of  the  river,  during  the  month 
of  August,  1855.  This  sheet  continued  until 
lSo7,  when  Joel  H.  Bassett  purchased  it,  after- 
wards selling  to  W.  F.  Kussell  of  Shakopee. 

The  Gazette,  weekly.     Mr.  Hussell  removed  to 

Minneai)olis  and  christened  his  venture  The  (ia- 

I  zette.    Only  a  year  later,  Mr.  Bassett  again  ob- 

I  taine<l  possession  of  the  sheet,  selling  it  shortly 

afterwards,  when  it  was  merged  into  the  Journal. 

Minneapolis  Journal.  w(>ekly.  In  lSo8.  C.  II. 
Pettit  and  John  (i.  Williams  liaving  bnuglil  the 
Gazette,  rejuvenated  it  nndei'  tlic  ii:uiie  of  tlie 
Minneapolis  Journal. but  it  was  short  lived,  being 
swallowed  up  by  the  Slate  .\tlas  in  ls.')!l. 

The  Plain  Dealer,  weekly.  ( )ii  the  -Mh  of  Ainil 
18-58.  Horace  E.  Purdy  issued  the  Plain  Dealer, 
democratic  in  principle.  Seventeen  months  later 
it  was  removed  to  La  Crosse. 

State  Atlas,  weekly.  May  28th.  185i),  the  in- 
domitable William  S.  King  started  the  SUite  At- 
las. Col.  King  had  a  severe  struggle,  but  by  hard 
work  ami  with  the  aiil  of  his  ju'isoiial  endeavor 
as  sole  proiirietor  aii<l  nliior.  he  carried  his  enter- 
prise safely  until  lS(i7.  wlicii  llic  Diiilv  Tribune 
engulphed  it. 

The  ('hronide,  daily,  iiu  .lum.  liijd.  is()6,  a 
])ublishing  coini)aiiy  compuMil  (it  Jolui  11.  Stevens 
and  others,  began  the  wi'ckl\  Cliidiiicle.  Three 
months  later  the  liist  number  of  the  Daily  Chron- 
icle was  issued.  In  May  of  the  following  year 
the  pajier  pa.ssed  into  the  Tribune  vortex,  which 
sucked  down  so  many  coti'iniioiaries. 

TheCataracI  and  .\gi  iiulturist.  weekl\.  Col. 
J.H.Stevens  and  I'.  Ililt'dv .  the  latter  now  of 
IJIchlield,  issued  the  lirst  number  of  the  Cataract 
and  ,\gricullurist.  on  .\ugust  2:til.  18.')7.  H.  II. 
Conwell  bought  tlje  paper  in  I'cbruais .  1808. 


NEWSPAPERS. 


m 


North  Star,  weekly.  Mr.  Conwell  continued 
liis  purchase,  the  Cataract  and  Agriculturist,  un- 
der the  title  of  Xorth  Star. 

The  Independent,  weekly.     In  the  fall  of  ISGS, 

C.  M.  Landon  purchased  Mr.  Conwell's  North 
Star  and  continued  the  jiublication  under  the 
name  of  the  Independent.  Tliis  sheet  lived  two 
years. 

Daily  Star.  R.  II.  Conwell  tried  his  hand  at  daily 
journalism  by  starting  a  campaign  reiiul)lican 
paper  on  June  otli,  IStiS.  The  paper  lasted  just 
five  months. 

The  Tribune,  daily.  In  the  year  ls(i7,  Minne- 
apolis journalism  had  dwiuilled  down  to  two  indj- 
lications,  the  State  Atlas  and  the  Daily  Chronicle. 
In  May  of  the  year  mentioned,  a  stock  company, 
called  the  Tribune  Printing  Company,  was 
formed,  consisting  of  some  of  the  leading  Repub- 
licans of  the  city,  prominent  among  whom  were 

D.  Morrison.  W.  D.  Washburn,  Dr.  L.  Butler,  J. 
S.  Pillsbury.  W.  S.  King,  L.  P.  Plummer,  and  a 
number  of  others.  This  company,  with  a  capital 
stock  of  525,000.  purchased  the  Minneapolis  held, 
togetlier  with  the  good  will  and  chattels  of  the 
Atlas  and  Chronicle,  and  on  Satui'day.  ilay  li-Jth, 
1867,  issued  the  first  number  of  Tlie  Daily  Ti'ib- 
une.  Willi  full  telegi'aphic  dispatdies,  and  an  able 
corps  of  editors,  with  John  T.  (iihnan  as  cliief. 
Mr.  Oilman's  connection  with  the  Tribune  lasted 
three  months,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  George 
K.  Shaw.  About  the  year  1870,  Hugh  W.  Greene 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  paper.  Mr.  (ireene 
was  followed  by  Mr.  Powell,  Major  Howell,  W.  A. 
Croftut,  Clifford  Tbouiii.son,  and  J.  P.  Ilea  as  ed- 
itors, in  the  order  given.  May  2d,  1871!,  tlirough 
the  pressure  of  financial  circunistances.  th(!  I'io- 
neerPre.ss  obtained  control  of  tln^  Trilnnie's  asso- 
ciated press  franchise,  and  its  entire  good  will  and 
effects.  The  Evening  Mail  was  about  the  same 
time  swallowed  up  by  the  insatiate  monster. 
The  great  consolidated  sailed  for  a  time  undt^r  tlie 
head  of  ■■  The  Pioneer  Press  and  Tribune. 
The  name  was  soon,  liowever,  reduced  to  its 
present  title,  The  Pioneer  Press,  printed  and 
edited  in  St.  Paid,  and  circulated  in  both  cities, 
St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis.  Tliis  successful  coup 
(T  etal,  by  whicli  St.  Paul  citizens  controlled  the 
entire  field  and  francliises  of  ^MimieaiKiHs  daily 
journalism,  residted  in  the  greatest  indignation  on 

the  part  of  the  people.    Twelve  of  the  best  citi- 
.■51 


zens  formed  a  syndicate  to,  if  possible,  remedy 
the  evil,  and  did  actually,  for  a  time,  obtain  under 
an  iron-clad  mortgage  held  by  Judge  Woods,  of 
Ohio,  the  custody  of  the  property.  An  indigna- 
tion meeting  was  held  at  the  Academy  of  Music, 
and  sentiments  anything  but  complimentary  to 
the  Pioneer  Press  action  were  freely  vented. 
The  efforts  of  •'  the  twelve  apostles,"'  as  they 
were  dubbed,  failed  of  any  practical  result,  save 
that  the  Evening  Tril)une  was  iilaced  in  the  field 
ill  lieu  of  the  Evening  Mail,  under  the  editorial 
management  of  David  Blakely,  whose  conduct  of 
the  paper,  it  must  be  said,  has  but  reflected  credit 
upon  that  gentleman.  In  May,  1880,  after  many 
delayed  attempts,  the  Tribune  was  issued  as  a 
morning  daily  eight-page  paper,  with  full  tele- 
graphic franchise,  and  every  jiromise  of  supply- 
ing the  much  needed  and  long  talked  of  morning 
daily,  strictly  in  the  interests  of  Minneapolis. 
The  editorial  force  consists  of  D.  Blakely  and  A. 
B.  Nettleton,  editors  and  proprietors,  Amos  Jor- 
dan, news  editor,  J.  N.  Nind,  city  editor,  and  a 
corps  of  three  trained  reporters.  The  weekly 
edition  of  the  Triliune  has  reached  a  circulation 
throughout  the  north-west. 

The  Fanner's  I'nion,  weekly.  August  1st. 
1867,  W.  A.  Nimocks,  publisher,  and  Col.  •!.  II. 
Stevens,  editor,  started  the  Fanner's  I'nion.  In 
December,  two  years  later,  Mr.  Nimocks  sold  out 
to  Col.  Stevens.  Up  to  January  1st,  1872,  the 
Union  had  been  issued  as  a  monthly,  but  on  that 
date  it  began  its  existence  as  ii  weekly,  as  it  has 
since  continued.  August  1st,  1873,  W.  J.  Aber- 
nethy  purchased  the  paper,  rumihig  it  with 
marked  success  until  .Inly  1st,  1876,  wlien  it  be- 
came involved  in  the  general  downfall  of  .Minne- 
apolis joiiniids,  being  absorbed  by  the  Pioneer 
Press,  and  joined  with  the  Tribune's  weekly  as 
the  Weekly  Tribune  and  Farmer's  Union. 

St.  Anthony  Falls  Democrat,  weekly.  The 
first  number  of  the  St.  Anthony  Fall's  Democrat 
was  issued  in  October,  1860,  by  Ovid  Piuney  and 
others,  with  Rev.  II.  Bisbee  as  editor.  In  ihe 
nionlli  of  June  following,  Mr.  Piniiey  assumed 
entire  charge,  afterwards  leasing  to  J.  J.   Green. 

Minneapolis  Democrat,  weekly.  Mr.  Green 
changed  the  name  of  the  paper  to  the  Minneapo- 
lis Democrat,  an<I  coiitinue(l  its  ))ublicatioii  until 
1873,  when  its  good-will  was  sold  to  the  Fveniiig 
Times 


482 


BISTORT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


iIiniieai>olis  Free  Will  Baptist.  This  ptiblica- 
tion.  appearinj:  once  in  three  months,  was  edited 
\t\  Rev.  A.  1>.  AVilliains,  the  firet  numljer  being 
issued  about  April,  of  1859,  and  lived  but  about 
a  year. 

Minnesota  Pupil,  weekly.  In  bSfiS.  W.  T. 
Hatch  started  the  Minnesota  rujiil  in  the  inter- 
ests of  education,  but  like  so  many  others  it  was 
destined  to  die,  ami  (Iroiijicd  out  of  sight  about 
1H7.5. 

Temperanee  Advocate,  weekly.  Kev.  ^Ir. 
Manley  dedicated  the  Tempei-ance  Advocate  to 
the  tee-totaler"s  cause,  issuing  the  first  lumiber  in 
18(ii>.  The  Advocate  lasted  about  two  years, 
then  went  the  way  of  the  rest. 

The  Citizen,  weekly.  The  Citizen,  claiming  to 
be  unsectarian,  was  in  fact  devoted  to  the  cause 
of  Christianity.  The  lirst  number  appeared  Jan- 
uary 1st,  1S74.  It  was  published  in  i)aiuplilet 
form  of  t^venty  pages,  and  edited  by  Prof.  Camp- 
Itell.  of  the  State  I'niversily  faculty.  Douglass  & 
Donalds(in  purchased  the  pai)er  in  IST.j.  and  after 
a  series  of  legal  complications  and  business  mis- 
takes, it  suspended  in  March.  187S. 

Liberty  Hlade.  weekly.  August  1st.  1877,  J.  C. 
Ir\in  moved  the  Liberty  Hlade  from  St.  Paul. 
The  paper  was  dcvdled  to  temperance,  and  was 
for  some  lime  run  in  the  interests  of  the  Good 
Templars' lodges.  Early  In  1879,  Kev.  AV.  AV. 
Satterlee.  noleil  for  bis  energetic  adherence  to  the 
temperance  cause,  iiurcha.sed  the  pajier,  and  con- 
ducted It  in  his  usual  vigorous  style  until  late  in 
tlie  fall,  when  it  was  united  with  the  AVaseca 
Hadiial. 

Minnesota  lieacon.  semi-monthly.  ( )n  .lanuary 
mil.  IK'iK.  L.  .Mel.  Ilyile  an<l  Hev.  Mr.  AVilliams 
issueil  the  lirst  number  of  a  semi-monthly,  enti- 
tled the  Minnesota  IJeacon.  After  one  volume 
tlie  name  and  issue  was  clianged. 

l{unil  Miiinesotiaii.  weekly.  Al  the  conclusion 
of  the  lirst  voluiue  <if  the  Minnesota  Heacon,  the 
name  W'a.s  changed  to  the  liiu'al  Minnesolian,  and 
the  issue  was  niadr'  weekly.  Kxpircd  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  war.  181)1. 

Minneapiilis  Kreie  I'ress.  weekly.  The  Krele 
Press  is  the  only  (ierinan  ]>a])er  published  in 
MliuieajMilis.  The  paper  was  started  Xovenilier 
i:Uli.  iwiii.  by  Lambert  Naegel  publisher,  and  1). 
A.  Jlinsch  as  editor. 

Kveniiig  News,  dailj.    June  ;td.  1H71.  (Jeorge 


K.  Shaw  issued  the  first  number  of  the  Minne- 
apolis Daily  Evening  News.  Two  years  later 
Pliny  Uartlett  purchased  the  News  and  consoli- 
dated the  pa]>er  with  the  Times  under  the  name 
of  the  Times  and  News,  a  title  which  was  shortly 
afterwards  dropped,  the  issue  being  contimied 
under  the  name  of  the  Evening  Times. 

Evening  Times,  daily.  In  ^s'■2.  Pliny  Bartlett 
started  the  Evening  Times,  with  Frank  J.  Mead 
as  editor.  In  June,  1873,  the  Evening  News  was 
purchased  and  for  a  time  the  issue  was  iiulilished 
under  the  title  of  Times  and  Kews.  This  name 
was  subseiiuently  drojiped  and  a  stock  company 
was  formed.  U\  run  the  Evening  Times  asa  dem- 
ocratic daily,  with  the  late  Edward  ilurphy  as 
president.  December  2(llli.  1S7S,  AV.  S.  King 
closed  up  the  ciineern  under  a  cliattel    mortgage. 

Evening  .Mail,  daily.  In  1S74,  the  Evening 
Mail  was  started  under  the  auspices  of  the  Trib- 
une with  <'lilTord  Thompson  as  editor.  About 
two  weeks  later  tlie  Mail  was  purchased  by  AV. 
A.  Croffut.  and  one  week  afterwards.  Johnson  & 
Smith  bought  a  half  interest  in  the  paper.  About 
a  year  later  ^Ir.  Croffut  disposed  of  his  interest  to 
the  firm  mentioned,  and  in  May,  1876.  the  Mail 
was  sold  to  T.  S.  King,  who  acted  in  the  piuvhase 
as  the  agent  of  the  Pioneer  Press. 

Minnesota,  weekly.  Solberg  and  Eger  started 
the  Minnesota,  a  w<'ekly  Xorwegian  paper.  No- 
vember 1st,  1871,  mei'ged  in  the  Hudstikken  two 
years  later. 

Lutheraueren.  bi-monthly.  The Luthcraneren 
was  moved  from  Wisconsin  to  Minneaiiolis  in 
Jidy.  1872,  by  Kev.  G.  Sverdrnj).  in  tlu'  interests 
of  the  Norwegian  Lutheran  church. 

Hudstikken,  weekly.  September  2d.  1S7S.  P.  11. 
Hanson  and  Comiiany  started  the  Hudstikken.  a 
Norwegian  paper.  The  imblication  was  subse- 
quently controlleil  b\  (Juiliiian  I".  .Inlirison  and 
J.  E.  (jjedde:  Lute  Jaeger  is  the  editor. 

Masler-Meeliani<'.  monthly.  A'ernon  Kell  is- 
sued the  Master-Mechanic  in  1871.  iiell.  Comstock 
and  Parsons  subseijuenlly  lormed  a  company  to 
nm  the  i)aper  as  a  weekl> .     It  soon  expired. 

Monilay  .Abirning  News,  weekly.  11.  E.  Lawr- 
ence attempted  the  jinblication  of  the  .Monday 
Morning  News,  in  I87o.  The  pajier  was  short 
lived,  only  a  few  uimdiers  being  issued. 

Tourist  and  Sportsman,  weekly.  A.S.  hinnmil 
started  the  Tourist  and  Spdrtsniaii.  an  ilhistrated 


NEWSPAPERS. 


483 


paper  devoted  to  Minnesota  pleasure  resorts  for 
the  summer  months,  in  May  of  1875.  April  6th, 
1880,  while  published  by  AVilcox,  Dimond  and 
Company,  the  paper  was  burned  out.  The  paper 
is  issued  duriiig  tlie  summer  months. 

Mississippi  ^'alley  Lumberman,  weelvly.  P. 
B.  Wallcer  started  tlie  Mississippi  Valley  Lum- 
berman, August  17th,  1S7H.  Tlie  paper  is  con- 
ducted entirely  in  the  interest  of  the  lumliermen. 
It  has  been  repeatedly  enlarged  and  seems  to  be  in 
a  flourishing  condition. 

The  Pioneer  Press.  This  paper  belongs  to 
Minneapolis  by  birth  and  native  growth,  as  well 
as  by  adoption.  On  the  one  hand,  it  represents, 
it  is  true,  the  life  and  history  of  journalism  in 
St.  Paul,  from  the  first  issue  of  the  "St.  Paul  Pi- 
oneer." April  28th,  1849,  down  to  the  date  of 
union  of  the  Pioneer  and  the*  "St.  Paul  Daily 
Press,"  April  lltli,  1875.  On  the  other  hand,  it 
I'epresents  also  the  growth  of  journalism  in  Min- 
neapolis, from  the  early  days  of  the  old  ''Xorth- 
Western  Gazette."  down  to  the  original  "Mimie- 
apolis  Tribune,""  with  which  the  Pioneer  Press 
was  consolidated  May  2d,  187(5.  The  St.  Paul 
Pioneer  had  for  several  years  previous  to  its 
union  with  the  Press,  maintained  a  business 
and  editorial  ''ilinneapolis  department,"  butwitli 
the  union  of  1870,  an  entirely  new  system  was 
established,  which  made  it  a  more  thorough  rep- 
resentative of  the  life  and  growth  of  IMinucapo- 
Us.  In  proprietary  interests,  and  in  editorial  and 
business  management,  both  cities  were  properly 
represented,  and  the  new,  or  joint,  policy  estab- 
lished, gave  to  lioth  cities  a  widely  circulated  or- 
gan. The  average  circulation  of  the  Pioneer 
Press  is  now  between  eleven  and  twelve  thousand, 
through  Minnesota,  Dakota,  Montana,  Manitoba, 
northern  Iowa  and  northern  Wisconsin.  Tlie 
Weekly  Pioneer  Press  has,  in  addition  to  the  in- 
creasing circulation  of  tlie  daily  edition,  reached 
fourteen  thousand  cojiies.  which  go  into  the 
homes  of  the  most  intelligent  and  thrifty  of  the 
farming  population.  This  paper  has  lately  se- 
cured the  entire  control  of  a  telegraphic  wire  be- 
tween St.  Paul  and  Kew  York  and  Washington, 
which  gives  them  increased  facilities  for  the 
transmission  of  news.  The  Pioneer  Press  is 
conceded  by  all  lo  be  the  leading  and  most  pro- 
gressive journal  in  the  north-west. 

Minnesota  Stats  Tidning  (The   Slate   .Journal j 


is  a  Swedish  weekly  which  already  ranks  high 
among  the  leading  newspapers  of  the  north-west. 
Its  founder  and  chief  editor,  is  Col.  II.  Mattson, 
one  of  the  pioneers  of  Minnesota.  Tlie  first 
numlier  of  the  paper  was  dated  January  Ith, 
1.S77,  was  of  twenty-eight  pages,  and  came 
out  in  an  edition  of  l.ooii  copies.  From  that 
time  it  has  steadily  increased  in  prosperity  and 
influence,  and  now  contains  thirty-six  large  col- 
uiiiiis.  and  iiuiiiliers  4,(1(10  regular  subsci'ibers.  It 
is  republican  in  politics,  American  in  spirit,  and 
a  champion  of  the  interests  and  honor  of  the 
Scandinavian  people  of  the  state,  wliieh  com- 
prises one-sixth  of  the  entire  population.  This 
paper  has  its  editorial  rooms,  otlice  and  compo- 
sing rooms  on  the  third  floor  of  the  City  Ilall 
building,  and  is  under  the  management  of  II. 
Mattson,  chief  editor  and  pulilisher,  Axel 
Dahlstrand,  assistant  editor.  Alfr.  Soilerstrom. 
business  manager. 

Nbrdisk  Folkeblad,  weekly,  was  the  first  Scan- 
dinavian paper  published  in  the  city.  It  was  es- 
tablished at  Rochester,  in  1808,  by  F.  S.  Clirist- 
ensen,  now  commissioner  of  statistics,  and  was 
removed  to  Minneapolis  in  1878.  It  was  con- 
ducted by  several  different  managers  until  1875, 
when  it  was  consoliiiated  with  the  "  Skandina- 
ven'"  in  Chicago.  In  addition  to  this  paper,  there 
has  been  the  Farmer  Tidends,  Minnesota  Nord- 
vestern,  Svenska  Monitorin  and  Svenska  Nybyz- 
zaren.  The  three  first  were  pulilished  in  the 
Norwegian  language,  and  the  three  latter  in  the 
Swedish.    All  of  them  were  of  short  duration. 

Folkebladet,  weekly.  The  first  number  of  the 
Folkebladet  was  issued  .July,  1877,  by  Prof.  S. 
Oftedal,  president  of  Augsburg  Seminary.  The 
paper  is  devoted  to  the  educational  interests  of 
the  Xorwegian  iieojile. 

The  IIousekec]ier.  ]iiniitlil>.  In  tlic  iutcrests 
of  the  i;iickc>c  cook  bonk,  the  Housekeeper  was 
first  imblished  in  .Vugust  of  1878.  The  little  pa- 
per has  readied  an  immense  sale.  April  (ith, 
1880,  while  published  by  Wilcox,  Dimond  and  Co., 
the  paper  was  burned  out  and  is  now  published 
by  Iloppin,  Palmer  and  Dimond.  The  ciicula- 
tion  now  aggregates  20.(l(l(). 

Minnesota  l'"arnier.  nionlhly.  Se|iteiuber  isth, 
1S77,  II.  10.  Newton  issued  tlie  first  iiiiiiiber  of 
the  Minnesota  I'"arnier,  a  sheet  which  isslill  alive, 
albeit  struggling  hard  for  an  existence. 


481 


niSTOBY  OF  HUNNJEPIN  COUyiY. 


Miniipsota  Sf-aiidiiiava.  weekly.  Tlie  Scaiidin- 
ava  was  lirst  issued  Xoveinber  loth,  1878,  by  (ien. 
Hanson  as  a  Norwegian  weekly.  The  publica- 
tion lasted  only  about  a  year  when  it  snsiiended 
on  aeeount  of   the  failing  health  of  the  editor. 

Beirs  Daily  Times,  Justus  H.  Bell  issued  the 
Daily  Times  as  a  small  advertising  sheet  for  gra- 
tiutous  ein-ulation  from  December  lOtli,  1878,  to 
April  Otli.  1S8().  when  it  fell  a  vietim  to  the  llanies 
in  the  IJracketfs  block  fire. 

Xorlhweslern  Miller,  weekly.  Marcli  IDtli. 
1879.  .Mbcrt  IIoiv)iiii.  editor  and  jiroprietor,  moved 
the  Xorthwesteni  Miller  from  J^a  Crosse  to  Min- 
neapolis. The  pajwr  is  a  neat  twenty  page  pam- 
phlet devoted  to  the  milling  interests  of  the 
north-west  anil  has  |>roven  a  decided  success. 
During  March  of  1881.  the  issue  reached  is.iido 
copies. 

Kveiiing  Jounial,  daily.  The  first  i.ssue  of  the 
Evening  Journal  was  made  November  2d,  1878. 
by  Charles  II.  Stevens  and  Frank  K.  Curtis.  The 
jjaper  was  started  as  a  three  cent  evening  daily. 
April  fith.  IHSd.  the  jiaper  was  burned  out  in  the 
Hracketfs  block  disaster.  A  few  days  later  the 
Minnesota  Printing  Company,  composed  of  J.  M. 
and  fieo.  K.  Shaw  and  W.  A.  and  C.  A.Nimocks. 
)K)uglit  tlie  good  will  and  circulation  of  tliepai)er. 
and  shortly  after,  purchased  the  associated 
press  telegraphic  franchise  for  the  evening  field. 
The  pajier  was  enlarged  and  improved  in  every 
department.  The  Kvening  Journal  at  once  as- 
sumed (he  position  of  the  leading  evening  news- 
paper of  the  north-west.  April  1st,  1881,  they 
moved  into  their  new  building.  No.  10  Washing- 
ton Avenue  north,  fidly  eipiipped  with  a  double 
cyliniler.  rapid  running  I!,  line  press,  engine, 
and  all  the  facilities  necessary  to  a  first-class 
modern  Journal.  The  editorial  staff  is  made  up 
(Jeorge  K.  Shaw,  editor,  Frank  K.  Ilesler,  city 
edit4ir,  A.  J.  (iage,  Jr..  telegraph  editor,  and  (Jeo. 
N.  l.i<Kinns  stiile  editor,  besides  a  full  corps  of  re- 
[xirters  anil  correspondenls. 

The  Spectator,  weekly.  ('.  II.  Dubois  issued 
the  first  number  of  the  Spectator,  a  weekly  fam- 
ily paper  "f  eight  iiages.  on  July  i;<lth,  I87it.  The 
Knnn  and  Home  was  issued  for  a  time  as  an  ag- 
licultunil  edition  of  the  S])ectator,  but  its  course 
was  sliort  lived.  Tlie  Spectator  is  issued  every 
Saturday,  and  Is  one  of  the  neatest  pai>ers,  typo- 
graphically, in  the  countn'. 


State  Index,  weekly.  Dr.  DTnger  started  the 
Trade  Index  abiuit  the  year  1875,  but  shortly  af- 
ter changed  the  luune  to  the  State  Index.  The 
]iublicalion  proved  disastrous  to  its  owner,  who 
gave  it  up  in  sore  extremity  about  three  years 
later,  subsequently  removing  to  Chicago,  where 
he  has  recuperated  his  failing  fortunes  through 
Ills  treatment  of  inebriates  with  the  "  cinchona 
cure."" 

The  Ariel,  monthly.  The  Ariel  is  the  college 
jiapcr  edited  by  the  students  at  the  State  Univer- 
sity. The  editors  are  elected  each  year.  The 
publication  reached  its  fourth  volume  in  June, 
1881. 

True  Flag,  weekly.  J.  S.  Kankin.  a  gentleman 
of  much  learning,  but  little  means.  i)ublislicd  lor 
a  time  several  partisan  papers,  among  llieni  the 
True  Flag.    They  were  all  short  lived. 

The  Penny  Herald,  daily.  The  Penny  Herald 
was  first  issued  by  J.  II.  Kowell  about  May  loth, 
1880,  as  a  morning  one  cent  daily.  After  running 
for  about  six  months,  it  was  changed  to  the  even- 
ing field  under  the  name  of  the  Daily  Herald.  In 
January,  isso,  Wilhird  and  Casscday  purchased  a 
three-fourlhs  interest  in  the  paper.  The  Herald 
depends  uiion  corresiioudcnls  and  exchanges  for 
its  lelegraiihic  news. 

Comic  Pictorial,  monthly.  Geo.  B.  Hall  issued 
the  first  ninnber  of  his  Comic  Pictorial,  an  eight 
page  illustrated  i)a)ter,  March.  1881.  It  is  yet  too 
young  for  extended  comment,  but  its  future  may 
be  easily  anticipated. 

Boys  and  (Jirlsof  Minnesota,  weekly.  Will. 
Beach  edited  and  ])ublislicd  the  Hoys  and  (;irls 
of  .Minnesota  for  aliont  six  months.  The  pid)li- 
cation  was  a  ncatlv  illustrated  pamphlet,  quite 
l>opular  among  children.  In  January,  issi,  (he 
Itajier  was  btuned  out  and  susi)cndc(l. 

The  Alirror,  weekly.  In  1873,  Kd.  A.  Stevens 
started  the  illustrated  Sunday  .Mirror,  devoted  to 
the  broadest  i)ersonaIities  with  the  innttn  ••  We 
will  tell  the  trudi.  no  ma(ter  who  is  hit..""  The 
publication  was  subsequently  changed  to  the 
Gopher  Mirror,  then  to  the  Daily  Mirror,  issued 
':  every  eveinng.  and  finally  lo  the  Ileimeitin  County 
Mirror,  l.ati-  in  isso,  Ivd.  .\.  Stevens  sold  the 
entire  interest  in  his  paper  to  his  brnihei-.  ("has. 
II.  Stevens. 

Minneapolis  Weekly.  The  .Minneapolis  Week- 
ly  is  iiublished    every   Thursday   by  the  Eagle 


COURTS  AND  BAR. 


485 


Publishing  Company  apparently,  but  de  facto  by 
E.  n.  Steele,  as  an  advertising  medium.  The 
first  number  was  issued  in  November,  ISSO. 

Sunday  Kews,  weekly.  In  tlie  month  of 
March,  1880,  three  young  men,  ^lessrs.  Shultz, 
Struby  and  Leader,  who  had  formerly  been  con- 
nected with  the  press  in  Bradford,  Pa.,  came  to 
Minneapolis  ecpiipped  with  new  type,  a  large  cyl- 
inder press  and  a  complete  newspaper  outfit,  but 
unfortunately  without  that  other  component  ne- 
cessity—ready cash.  They  published  just  two 
editions  of  the  Simday  ^Morning  News,  when  they 
suspended,  sold  out  and  left  for  parts  unknown. 

Homestead  Jlonthly.  January  1st,  1880,  the 
Homestead  Company  issued  the  first  number  of 
the  ^Mmnesota  Homestead,  a  monthly,  twenty- 
page  magazine.  In  November,  1880,  Geo.  W. 
.Tenks  became  sole  proprietor.  In  December  of 
the  same  year  the  magazine  was  enlarged  to 
thirty-six  pages,  and  the  name  changed  to  the 
Homestead  Monthly. 

Temperance  Keview,  weekly.  In  February, 
1881,  L.  Bixliv'  moved  the  Owatonna  Review 
from  Owatonna  to  Minneapolis,  and  associating 
with  Rev.  W.  W.  Satterlee  as  editor,  on  the  2oth 
of  the  same  month,  the  Temperance  Review  was 
issued.  The  paper  retains  its  Owatonna  patron- 
age, is  radically  temperance  in  its  proclivities, 
and  has  already  olitained  a  firm  footing. 

COUIiTS  .\ND  V,\ll. 

The  early  history  of  the  courts  and  bar  of  Hen- 
nepin county, furnishes  perhaps,  less  salient  points 
of  interest  than  that  of  most  frontier  counties  in 
western  territories.  The  first  settlers  were  most- 
ly from  the  New  England  and  ^Middle  States, 
were  generally  intelligent,  moral,  and  accustomed 
to  the  observance  of  law  and  oriler,  and  among 
whom  crimes  of  a  serious  nature  were  of  rare 
occurrence.  They  bidught  tlieir  laws  and  cus- 
toms with  them,  so  that  the  removal  to  what  was 
then  (1849)  the  extreme  western  frontier,  scarcely 
produced  any  change  in  their  social  and  political 
condition.  Tliat  part  of  what  is  now  Henneinn 
county,  lying  east  of  the  Mississippi  river,  was, 
when  the  territory  of  Minnesota  was  organized 
in  1849,  a  part  of  St.  Croix  countv,  Wisconsin,  as 
was  also  the  country  lying  between  it  and  the 
state  of  Wisconsin.  It  was  amenable  to  the 
laws  of  that  state,  but,  at  tliat  time  there  were 


but  a  handful  of  people,  and  courts  were  scarce- 
ly a  necessity.  But  no  sooner  was  the  territory 
organized,  and  territorial  oflicers  appointed,  than 
popidation  began  to  pour  in.  By  the  organic  act. 
the  courts  of  the  territory  consisted  of  supreme 
court,  district  courts,  probate  courts,  and  courts 
of  justice  of  the  peace.  The  first  justices  of  the 
peace,  in  what  is  now  Hennepin  county,  were 
Dr.  Ira  Kingsley,  and  others,whose  names  we  can- 
not ascertain.  They  held  office  for  two  years. 
At  the  October  election  in  1851,  1. 1.  Lewis,  and 
William  B.  Welch,  were  elected  to  serve  for  two 
years.  The  last  named,  was  appointed  chief  jus- 
tice of  the  supreme  court  of  the  territory  in 
1853,  and  took  his  seat  on  the  bench  in  Jan- 
uary, 1854.  Mr.  Lewis  resigned  in  August,  1852, 
from  a  cause  which  may  be  considered  worth 
mention.  One  Alex.  Cloutier,  one  of  the  first 
settlers  in  St.  Anthony,  and  proprietor  of  a  liquor 
saloon,  had  been  prosecuted  before  Mr.  Lewis,  for 
a  \aolation  of  the  prohibitory  law,  which  had  re- 
cently been  enacted.  The  excitement  on  the 
question  i-an  high — grave  doubts  were  entertain- 
ed by  many,  as  to  the  constitutionality  of  the 
law,  and  the  people  were  about  equally  divided 
on  the  question.  Mr.  Lewis,  having  no  desire  to 
involve  himself  in  quarrels  with  his  neighbors,  re- 
signed his  office  before  the  case  was  decided.  On 
the  (ith  of  August,  1852.  a  special  election  was 
called  to  fill  the  vacancy,  aiul  at  the  solicitation  of 
a  large  number  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  St. 
Anthony,  UTespective  of  part>'.  Lardner  Bost- 
wick  Esq.,  consented  to  be  a  candidate  for  the 
office,  and  was  elected.  The  case  of  Cloutier,  was 
again  brought,  before  him,  and  he  held  the  lavsr 
constitutional,  and  fined  the  defendant  twenty- 
five  dollars.  The  case  was  appealed  to  the  dis- 
trict court,  and  Judge  Hayner,  who  was  then  on 
the  bench,  reversed  the  decision,  and  held  the 
law  unconstitutional,  on  the  ground  tliat  tlie  legis- 
lative power  was  vested  by  the  organic  act,  in  the 
governor  and  legislature,  and  tliat  they  had  no 
power  to  delegate  their  authority  to  the  people, 
and  tliat  the  act,  having  attempted  to  tnuislVr 
this  power,  was  null  and  void.  At  the  October 
election  in  185(>,  Mr.  Bostwick  was  re-elected 
with  A.  D.  Foster,  to  seiTe  two  years  from  Jan- 
uary 1st,  1854.  In  1K57,  Charles  E.  Leonard  and 
Mr.  Bostwick  were  elected,  the  latter  of  whom 
held  the  ofiice  till  .laiiiiarv,  IsiiO.  when  he  entered 


4S6 


niSlURY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


upon  tlic  (liscliarjiP  of  the  duties  of  judge  of  pro- 
bate, to  wliifli  he  was  eleited  in  185'.).  This  of- 
fice he  lield  two  years,  and  was  subseinieiitly 
elected  court  commissioner. 

March  6tli.  1K.52.  an  act  was  passed  In  the  legi.s- 
lature  organizing  Hennepin  county  and  attach- 
ing the  same  temporarily  to  Ramsey  county  for 
judicial  i)urposes.  At  the  first  election  sul)se- 
quent  to  the  organization.  Edwin  Ileddcrly  and 
Dr.  II.  Fletcher  were  elected  justices  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river.  The  former  was  re-elected  for 
four,  or  perhaps  five  years  successively,  and  the 
latter  was  succeeded  in  l.'^-W  by  Mr.  Harhcr,  who 
held  oflice  till  1857.  The  foregoing  list  it  is  be- 
lieved comprises  all  the  justices  of  the  peace  in 
St.  Anthony  and  Minneai)olis  to  the  time  when 
the  state  was  admitted,  and  is  a,s  late  a  date  as  it 
is  deemed  necessiuy  to  continue  the  history  of 
these  courts. 

Ill  this  connection  it  may  be  remarked  that  in 
those  early  days,  very  important  questions  and 
ixjinls  were  decided  in  tho.se  justices' courts.  .Many 
suits  of  forcible  entry  and  detainer  were  brought. 
involving  vei-y  valuable  property,  and  although 
noiiiiiially.  only  the  right  of  possession  was  in  is- 
sue, vet  practically.  iKJssessioii  in  those  days  was 
emphalically  -nine  points  of  the  law,"  and  not 
unfrequeiitly  <-arric(l  the  legal  title  witli  it. 
.\inong  the  tracls  thus  adjndicatttl  upon,  were 
lli-nnepiij  Island,  the  iiroperly  on  which  the  Honr- 
iiig  mills  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  are  now 
situated,  ami  in  fact,  several  claims,  which  now 
constitute  the  most  valuable  part  of  tlic  lity  of 
.Minneapolis.  None  of  these  justices  were  edu- 
<^al4-d  lawyers, (with  the  exception  of  Judge  Uost- 
wlcki.  but  were  men  of  iiiuinestionable  iirobity, 
strong  eoiniiion  sense,  and  both  law  and  ei|nity 
were  meted  out  ill  these  early  eoiirls  as  iinifornily 
mid  successfully  as  ill  any  eiiniis  lliut  have  snc- 
C4'eded  (hem. 

Sometimes,  iii<leed.  peculiar  i>hases  of  fidiilier 
life  would  develop.  In  a  <'ertaiii  elaini  suit  bi'- 
tweeii  .loel  H.  ISassett  and  Daniel  Ihekford.  after 
a  tedious  trial  of  two  or  three  days,  the  case  was 
Hiibinltt<d  to  the  jury,  who  retiivd  to  consider 
thi'ir  verdict.  After  wniiigling  over  it  an  entire 
day  and  more,  one  of  (he  jurors.  (Jeorge  W.Tew, 
iH-eaiiie  disgiiHt<-d,  jumped  out  of  a  sei'oiid  story 
windiiw  and  ran  away,  and  thus  ended  the  trial. 


Some  days  after  he  reappeared,  but  nothing  fur- 
ther was  done  in  tlie  matter. 

.Vnother  characteristic  incident  occurred  in  a 
trial  before  Sciuire  Bostwiek.  One  Pet  Slrother, 
one  of  the  "  boys"  of  that  e.arl\  time,  was  arrest- 
ed and  brought  before  the  court  on  a  charge  of 
assault  and  battery.  The  (•omplaint  was  read  to 
him.  and  he  was  told  to  plead,  guilty  or  not 
guilty.  ••  Well,  your  honor.  I  don"t  know  wheth- 
er I  am  guilty  or  not.  I  did  knock  llienKin  down, 
but  he  called  me  lirst  a  son  of  a  b  -li.  and  tliat 
is  not  true." 
■•Hnl  you  must  plead,  one  way  or  the  other." 
"  But."  responded  the  priscmer.  "  I  don"t  know, 
rm  sorter  guilty,  and  sorter  not  guilty." 

The  writer  (who  was  his  counsel)  tiually  induced 
him.  for  form's  sake,  to  plead  not  guilty.  A  jury 
was  called,  and  several  witnesses  swore  point 
blank  to  seeing  the  defendant  knock  down  the 
complainant,  Init  admitted  the  complainant  had 
lir.st  used  the  opprobrious  epithet  above  mentioned. 
No  witnesses  were  called  for  defeiulant ;  but  the 
counsel  for  defendant,  in  his  argument  to  the 
jui-y.  insisted  that  none  of  tlie  witnesses,  in 
sjieaking  of  the  defendant,  had  mentioned  his 
lirst  name,  but  had  called  hiiu  "  Strother."  and 
that  for  all  that  appeared,  the  real  criminal  might 
be  some  other  person  than  the  <lefendant.  The 
jury  saw  it  ''  in  those  lamps."  and  in  live  minutes 
returned  a  verdict  of  not  guilty,  and  immediately 
made  up  a  purse  amoug  themselves  to  pay  de- 
fendant's expenses. 

Another  incident  of  the  fun  the  boys  used  to 
have  in  those  early  days  in  court,  may  be  men- 
tioned. A  certain  1  )r.  .lodon.  smuew  hat  notori- 
ous in  those  (la\s.  had  inaiiieil  a  laily— which 
marriage,  on  account  of  the  great  disparity  of 
age  and  position  of  the  parties,  was  offensive  to 
a  large  majority  of  the  citi/ens.  The  usual  re- 
sult in  frontier  eounuunities  loll>i\\fcl  that  ciuite 
a  large  crowd  of  the  '•  fast  boys."  on  the  wediling 
night,  indulgeil  in  a  "  <'harivari  "  of  the  coniile. 
uhieli  was  carried  lie>(ind  the  hniits  of  a  le- 
gitimate eliarivari  i  if  there  can  be  any  such  liin- 
itsi  and  ilislurbed  some  of  the  iieaceable  citizens 
in  tlie  iii'i;4ldiiMliood.  anmnir  citliers  .1.  W.  N'mih, 
Ksi).,  who  was  indignant  at  the  ontiage. 

Al.  Stone,  one  of  the  most  inveterate  jokers  on 
the  east  side  of  the  river  (and  wh<i  is  still  living, 
and  long  may  he  wave  I)  thought  he  saw  the  op- 


COUBTS  AND  BAB. 


487 


portiinity  to  perpetrate  a  good  practical  joke.  He 
accordingly  went  quietly  to  Jlr.  Xorth,  and  told 
him  that  he  had  ascertained  the  names  of  from 
twelve  to  fifteen  persons  who  were  engaged  in 
that  charivari,  and  would  name  the  parties,  includ- 
ing a  large  number  of  the  oldest  and  most  solier 
and  respectable  citizens  of  tlie  town,  among 
wliom  were  Capt.  John  Rollins,  Dr.  Murphy,  Ru- 
fus  Faruliam.  A.  D.  Foster,  and  others  of  like 
standing,  and  that  if  he  would  make  a  complaint 
and  have  them  arrested  he  would  furnisli  the  evi- 
dence to  have  them  convicted.  Accordingly  the 
complaint  was  made,  and  the  parties  arrested  and 
brought  before  the  court,  and  everybody  was  as- 
tounded to  learn  that  these  staid  citizens  were 
engaged  in  such  a  •'  lark."  One  or  two  witnesses 
were  called  preliminarily,  who  testified  they  knew 
nothing  about  the  matter,  and  then  "AL,"  the 
main  witness,  was  called,  and  asked  to  state  wliat 
he  knew  about  it. 

•'I  know  nothing,  sir." 
'•  But  where  were  you  that  night  V" 
"I  was  in  my  virtuous  bed,  asleep."" 
"But  do  you  say  you  don"t  kimw  who  was  en- 
gaged in  that  affairV 
"  Well,  I  have  heard  these  defendants  were.'" 
"  Do  you  mean  to  say  that  all  you  know  about 
their  being  engaged    in    it    is  what   you   have 
heard  ?" 

"Yes,  sir,  I  supposed  that  would  be  eno\igh.'" 
It  was  enough.  The  prosecutor  had  no  f  urtlier 
evidence,  and  it  then  dawned  on  liismind  tliat  he 
had  been  made  tlie  victim  of  one  of  "Al.'s"" 
practical  jokes.  The  case,  of  course,  was  dis- 
missed, amid  uproarious  mirtli,  altliough  the 
perpetrator  came  to  tlie  conclusion  tliat  it  was  a 
kind  of  joke  tliat  wciuld  not  bear  repetition.  A 
part  of  tlie  joke  lay  also  in  the  fact  that  the  just- 
ice himself,  on  the  night  in  question,  was  con- 
cealed near  tlie  scene  of  operations,  and  knew  the 
parties  engaged  in  it,  and  that  lliey  were  not  the 
parties  named  in  the  complaint,  and  tried  to  hi- 
duce  the  prosecutor  to  leave  them  out,  but  did 
not  succeed,  and  of  course  could  not  reveal  the 
source  of  bis  knowledge  of  the  matter. 

In  this  connection  we  insert  an  item  published 

in  the  Rioneer  Press  in  ttie  fall  of  I8H0,  referring 

to  the  destruction  of  the  building  in  whicli  .Judge 

Bostwick"s  court  was  lield  for  many  years. 

"An  old  landmark  destroyed.    The  little  old 


building,  corner  of  jNIain  street  and  Second  Ave- 
nue north.  East  Division,  owned,  and  for  so  many 
years  occupied  as  an  office  by  Judge  Bostwiek, 
was  yesterday  demolished,  its  days  of  usefubiess 
having  passed.  Tliis  was  one  of  the  old  land- 
marks of  tlie  city,  and  has  a  history  worth  rela- 
ting. It  was  Imilt  in  lS4f)  by  R.  P.  RusseU,  and 
first  used  as  a  warehouse  for  liis  dry-goods  store 
adjoining.  In  1850  tieorge  F.  Brott  converted  it 
into  a  wagon-shop,  and  in  18-51  Cal.  Church  re- 
converted it  into  a  meat  market.  During  the 
same  year,  the  building  came  into  the  possession 
of,  and  and  lias  since  been  retained  by  Judge 
Bostwiek,  who  occupied  it  in  his  official  capacity 
as  justice  of  the  peace  until  1860,  from  1860  to 
to  1862,  as  a  probate  and  court  commissioner's 
ollice.  and  from  1862  to  1866,  as  assessor  of  in- 
ternal revenue.  During  liis  reign  as  justice  of 
the  peace,  .Judge  Bostwiek  rendered  decisions 
therein  to  the  amount  of  over  §10(1,000  in  civil 
cases  and  disposed  of  a  corresponding  amount  of 
criminal  business.  Among  the  (Ustinguished  legal 
lights  who,  in  those  old  days,  read  their  briefs, 
(and  some  of  them  were  not  very  brief,  either,) 
under  that  little  roof,  were  J.  '\V.  North,  Isaac 
Atwater,  D.'A.  Secombe,  F.  R.  E.  Cornell,  C.  E. 
A^anderburgh.  James  W.  Lawrence,  Sr..  "William 
Lochreii.  W.  W.  ^IcXair,  ^\'.  D.  Washburn,  Judge 
Parsons,  W.  A.  Gorman,  Edmund  Rice,  Aaron 
Goodrich,  Wm.  Ilollingshead,  Michael  E.  Ames 
and  otliers  too  numerous  to  mention. 

'•Engineer  Grittith  made  many  of  tlie  drawings 
for  the  old  suspension  bridge  in  this  building,  and 
the  old  time  Upper  IiOssissippi  Navigation  Com- 
pany were  accustomed  to  hold  their  meetings 
there.  It  was  occupied  as  the  St.  Anthony  city 
ciiuncil  room  for  two  years,  was  the  regular  poll- 
ing place  on  election  days,  and  repiililican  head- 
(piarters  when  Fremont  was  the  party  standard- 
bearer.  Many  were  the  lively  and  interesting 
scenes  which  transpired  within  its  walls  and 
about  its  doorway,  wliere  political  knock-downs 
were  not  of  uncoinnion  occurrence;  and  lliere  lias 
lieenmore  perjury  comiuittcd  in  that  old  building 
than  any  otiier  hi  the  city,  except,  perhaps,  the 
old  land  office  during  the  early  settlement  of  Min- 
neapolis. One  liy  one  the  roses  and  old  land- 
marks fall."" 

The  first  district  court  lield  in  wliat  is  now  a 
liart  of  Hennepin  county,  was  presided  over  by 


488 


HISTOnr  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


llie  Hon.  I?.  U.  Meeker,  appointed  one  of  the  as- 
sociate justices  of  the  supreme  court,  under  tlie 
administration  of  President  Taylor.  The  court 
was  lield  ni  July,  1840.  in  the  old  government 
mill  building,  erected  for  the  use  of  Fort  Suel- 
ling,  and  which  stood  near  the  present  site  of  the 
Northwestern  mill.  Since  the  time  of  the  erection 
of  that  government  mill,  (about  1822),  the  falls 
have  receded  between  three  and  four  luuulred  feet. 
Franklin  Steele,  Es(i.,  was  foreman  of  the  grand 
juiT.  The  records  of  that  court  have  unfortun- 
ately been  lost,  but  it  can  be  stated  that  no  bills 
of  indictment  were  found  nor  any  cases  tried,  and 
but  two  or  three  attorneys  were  present.  Re- 
freshments suitjible  to  the  occasion .  were  i)rovided 
by  the  slicriff.  which  were  partaken  of  by  the 
bench,  bar  and  jury,  and  it  was  voted  a  pleasant 
inauguration  of  judicial  proceedings  in  the  coun- 
ty. The  military  reservation  where  this  first 
court  was  held  was  then  in  Dakota  county. 

It  has  already  Ijeen  stated  that  the  county  was 
organized  in  1852,  but  county  officers  were  not 
elwted  till  November  of  that  year.  The  second 
district  court  was  held  in  18')H.  in  a  frame  build- 
ing erected  by  Anson  Norlliruii.  ami  wliich  stood 
on  or  very  near  the  site  now  occujiied  by  the 
Crown  Holler  mill.  This  court  was  presided  over 
by  lion.  A.  (i.  Chattield.  who  was  appointed  one 
of  the  a.ss<)ciate  justices  under  the  administration 
of  Presidi-nt  I'ierce.  This  was  the  first  fully 
ei|nl|>pc<l  district  court  held  in  the  county,  the 
lii-st  county  odicers  having  been  elected,  and  regu- 
lar l)U8ines.s  wa,s  commenced,  with  a  calendar  of 
some  half  a  dozen  cases,  appeals  from  justices 
court.s.  From  this  small  bcgiiininghas  grown  up 
tlie  immense  business  now  tnmsacted  by  two 
ju<lgeH  of  the  district  court .  and  wliirh  occu- 
pies almost  tlieir  entire  lime. 

.Judge  Chatlicld  continued  to  hold  the  disliict 
court  in  Ilcnneiiin  county  in  a  frame  building  on 
Bridge  stpuire.  until  the  erection  of  the  i)resenl 
court  house.  In  18')7  he  was  succeedcil  by  .Judge 
Flandrau,  appointed  under  the  administration 
of  President  Buchanan,  lie  held  one  term  of  the 
court,  and  in  I8.'>7  was  elected  associali- justice  of 
(he  sujireme  court  of  the  state  of  Minnesota. 

In  IK.")",  lion.  Kdward  ().  I landin.  was  elected 
judge  of  the  fourth  judii'ial  district,  of  which 
Hennepin  county  was  a  purl.  He  was  succeeded 
in  IK/itt,  by  the  Hon.  (has.  K.  \'anilerburgh.  who 


has  been  re-elected,  at  each  succeeding  expiration 
of  liis  term,  and  who  now  holds  the  oHice.  In 
isTJ.  an  ai't  was  passed,  establishing  a  court  of 
common  pleas  in  IIemiei)in  county,  and  luider  the 
provisions  of  the  act.  the  govenior  appointed 
the  Hon.  A.  II.  '^'ciung,  [as  judge,  who  entered 
upon  the  discliarge  of  the  duties  of  the  office  in 
April  of  that  year ;  the  following  November 
he  was  elected  as  judge  of  that  court,  to  serve  for 
five  years  from  the  first  of  January,  1873.  Sub- 
sequently in  1877,  this  court  was  abolished,  and 
two  ju<lges  were  provided  for  in  the  district  court, 
and  Judge  Young  was  elected  the  same  year  as 
one  of  said  judges.  .\s  tlie  inrumbents  of  these 
ollices  are  still  in  the  active  discharge  of  their 
duties  and  well  known  to  our  citizens,  any 
extended  notice  of  tlicni  or  tlie  court  over  which 
they  preside,  will  not  be  expected.  11  is  not, 
however,  improper  to  state  in  this  connection, 
that  in  jHiint  of  ability,  probity,  and  extensive 
legal  learning,  the  present  bench  ranks  among  the 
first  in  the  state. 

The  business  in  the  probate  court  was,  for 
many  years  after  the  county  was  organized,  very 
small.  Now.  however,  it  is  assuming  large  pro- 
portions, and  is  rajiidly  increasing.  There  have 
served  as  judges  of  iirobate.  in  the  order  named, 
in  thiscounty:  J.  P..  liassctt.  Ilezekiah  Fletcher. 
E.  S.  Jones,  L.  Bostwick.  N.  II.  Iltiniuii.  F. 
Beebe,  E.  A.  Gove.  P.  M.  Babcock  and  .Inlm  I'. 
Kea.  the  jiresent  incumlicnt.  .\lter  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  city  of  Miniicaiidlis.  ('has.  II.  Woods, 
II.  G.  Hicks  anil  .1.  I..  I  limes,  were  elect<'d  and 
served  as  city  justices.  .Vfter  the  consolidation 
of  St.  Anthony  with  .Minneapolis.  (Jrove  B. 
Cooley  was  elected  judge  of  ilic  niuiiiciiial  cnurt. 
was  re-elected  in  lS8(t,  and  is  present  city  judge. 
In  1880,  F.  Bailey  was  elected  assistant  judge. 

Clerks  and  sherilTs  air  ;iii  iiupiirtaut  part  of  the 
machinery  of  courts,  and  on  their  cIlirienrN  ilc- 
penils  iiiiirli.  tlic  successful  and  iniHiipt  transac- 
tion of  business.  Hennepin  county  has  been  cx- 
ceiitionally  fortunate  in  having  careful  and  ener- 
getic men  to  lill  tliese  posilious.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  the  lirst  two  or  three  years  after  the 
county  was  orga.iized.  when  the  court  had  no 
settled  abiding  places,  and  no  suitable  place  for 

j>re.serving  papers  had  1 n    jirovided,  the  files 

will  be  found  nearly  entire.     .\  few,  during  those 
early   years.  lia\e   been   lost.     Sweet   W.   Case, 


COVETS  AND  BAB. 


489 


was  the  llrst  olerk  of  the  district  court,  elected  in 
lKo2,  and  lipid  the  otlice  till  1858.  He  was 
succeeded  by  the  following  persons  in  the  order 
named,  viz:  H.  A.  Partridge,  II.  O.  Ilandin,  J. 
P.  Plummer,  "George  "W.  Cliowen,  I).  W.  Alliaiigh, 
L.  Jerome,  J.  A.  Wolverton,  and  E.  .1.  Daven- 
port, the  present  iucimilient.  Isaac  Brown  was 
the  first  sheriff  of  the  comity  and  was  succeeded  in 
the  order  named,  by  B.  E.  Messer,  E.  Lippiucott, 
Richard  Strout,  John  A.  Armstrong,  II.  G. 
Ilicks,  George  W.  Johnson,  N.  K.  Thompson 
and  Mace  Eustis,  the  present  incumbent. 

John  W.  North  Esq.,  came  to  St.  Anthony  in 
184;t,  andwas  the  first  attorney  who  settled  in 
the  county,  and  one  of  the  most  prominent  for 
several  years.  He  was  in  1851.  a  member  of  the 
legislature,  was  also  a  member  of  the  republican 
branch  of  the  convention  to  form  a  state  constitu- 
tion in  18.57,  and  a  leader  in  the  anti-slavery 
movement.  He  was  an  able  lawyer,  and  was 
alwa\s  a  dangerous  opponent  before  a  jury. 
Had  he  chosen  to  devote  himself  exclusively  to 
the  profession  of  the  law,  there  is  no  doubt  but 
he  would  easily  have  taken  rank  with  the  ablest 
lawyers  in  the  state.  But  Mr.  Xorth  was  by  na- 
ture and  education  a  reformer,  and  a  radical  one 
at  that.  He  had  a  courage  equal  to  his  convic- 
tions, and  never  hesitated  to  follow  them  to  their 
logical  sequence,  irrespective  of  popular  senti- 
ment. He  always  stood  by  what  he  believed  to 
be  right,  without  regard  to  the  cost,  and  conse- 
quently retained  the  esteem  of  bis  friends,  and 
the  respect  of  his  enemies. 

In  1850,  three  more  attorneys.  E.  Whitall.  W. 
II.  Hubbard  and  I.  Atwater  settled  in  St.  An- 
thony. In  1851,  we  find  in  addition  I).  Secombe, 
K.  L.  Hall,  James  H.  Truder.  Waireu  Bristoll, 
now  associate  justice  of  Arizona  territory.  L. 
Bostwiek  arrived  in  the  territoi-y  in  IS.iO,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Hennepin  county  in 
1856.  Then  at  various  dates  from  1851,  to  1856, 
we  find  in  the  list  of  attomeys,  the  names  of  W. 
Dodge,  I.  I.  Monell.  II.  B.  Hancock.  H.  Xicliolas, 
11.  A.  Partridge,  (ieo.  A.  Xourse.  W.  \V.  Win- 
throp,  W.  11.  Robinson,  Geo.  K.  Day,  "\V.  \V. 
Rowley.  (4eo.  W.  Prescott.  ^\' .  I).  Waslrburn,  II. 
L.  Munn,  ('.  E.  A'anderbnrgli,  F.  R.  E.  Cornell, 
E.  Beebe.  AV'.  L.  Parsons,  D.  Morgan,  A.  U. 
Blair,  Jared  Dernmon,  Dan.  M.  Demmon,  II. 
Hill,  Wm.  Lochreu,  II.  D.  Beman,J.  B.Gillillan, 


H.  W.  Cowles,  R.  L.  Joyce,  James  W.  Lawrence, 
R.  J.  Baldwin,  J.  S.  Johnson,  (ieo.  W.  Woods, 
Cushman,  r)avid  Ileaton,  S.  R.  M.  Math- 
ews. W.  W.  McNair,  E.  il.  Wilson,  and  L.  M. 
Stewart.  Doubtless  there  were  some  others 
whose  names,  the  writer  cannot  now  recall.  Hon. 
J.  B.  Gilfillan,  settled  here  in  1855,  but  was  not 
admitted  as  an  attorney  until  1860.  The  limits 
of  this  article,  only  permit  a  reference  to  such 
attorneys  as  were  here  previous  to  1857,  when 
the  state  constitution  was  adopted. 

In  looking  over  the  above  list,  one  is  surprised 
to  see  how  few  are  still  practitioners  at  the  bar. 
Many  have  died,  some  removed,  and  some  have 
retired  from  active  practice.  A  very  few  are 
still  in  practice,  and  recognized  as  the  "nestor's" 
of  the  bar  of  Hennepin  county  in  1881. 

In  this  brief  review,  we  think  it  will  be  found 
that  the  courts  and  bar  of  Hennepin  county,  will 
compare  most  favorably,  not  only  with  the  courts 
and  bar  of  any  other  comity  in  the  territory  of 
Minnesota,  but  with  that  of  any  county  in  any 
western  state,  while  it  was  a  territory.  From 
the  ranks  of  the  members  of  the  liar  of  Hennepin 
county  in  territorial  times,  have  been  drawn 
judges  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  state,  one  jus- 
tice of  the  supreme  court  of  jVrizona,  two  repre- 
sentatives in  congress,  a  large  number  of  state 
senators  and  representatives,  and  members  of  the 
constitutional  convention,  and  many  who  have 
filled  honorable  positions  as  city  officials  and  on 
the  boards  of  education.  If  any  one  olijects  that 
none  have  obtained  a  national  reputation  as  law- 
yers, it  must  be  remembered  thai  no  man  of  ability 
could  come  to  Miiniesota  at  an  early  day  and  con- 
fine himself  exclusively  to  the  practice  of  law. 
For  in  territorial  days  the  pressure  was  so  great 
to  obtain  competent  men  to  fill  legislative  and 
other  political  offices,  and  for  which  lawyers  were 
considered  most  eligible  and  best  fitted,  that  it 
was  almost  impossible  for  a  lawyer,  without  giv- 
ing grave  offense  to  his  friends  and  clients,  to  re- 
fuse a  nomination.  In  addition  to  this  is  to  be 
considered  that  legal  services  were  then  of  small 
pecuniary  value  and  the  same  talent  employed  in 
politics  or  in  real  estate  o|ieralions,  ordinarily  re- 
ceived a  much  larger  remuneration.  And  hence, 
while  we  may  reasonably  conclude  that  the  terri- 
torial bar  of  this  county  embraced  fully  as  much 
talent  and  legal  ability  as  the  average  of  frontier 


4i»i) 


HISIORY  OF  HENNEl'iy  COUXl  V. 


coiiiilif'S  in  tlio  west,  llic  reason  it  lias  not  pro- 
duced as  many  distingiiislied  lawvei-s  propor- 
tioned to  its  numbers  as  some  counties  in  eastern 
slates,  is  easily  accoiuited  for.  And.  considering 
the  liistory  of  the  territory  and  .state  in  its  politi- 
cal, educational,  religious  and  material  aspects, 
the  early  Ijar  of  Hennepin  county  has  no  occasion 
to  be  ashamed  of  its  record  in  regard  thereto, 
and  with  tlie  increase  of  population  and  lawyers, 
tlius  enabling,  and  indeed  coini)elling  attorneys 
to  devote  themselves  more  exclusively  to  tlicir 
profession,  we  may  cxjiect  from  present  indica- 
tions, to  IJnd  law  yers  within  tlie  next  quarter  of  a 
century  at  the  bar  of  Hennepin  count\.  wlm  will 
have  attaineil  a  national  reputation. 


•  II.VI'TKK    1,XXI\' 


<  TIV    WAllili    WOUKS       KIliK    I)E1'.\  UT.MKXT— I'O- 
I-IIK  FOIU.E— CITY  MAKKKT  —  POST  OFFICK. 

The  city  of  Minneapolis  was  iii((iriiorale<l  in 
the  spring  of  IstiT.and  the  next  fall  the  Holly 
system  of  water  works  was  introduced,  and  com- 
pleted in  tlie  .s]iring  of  1868.  Two  Holly  pumps 
were  put  ill,  and  about  a  mile  of  cement  pipe  was 
laid,  at  a  cost  of  about  $<)U,(HMJ.  The  cement 
pi|>e  was  a  failure,  and  in  1870  was  replaced  by 
cast-iron  pipe.  During  the  latter  year,  the  city 
|iMrchase<l  of  J.  15.  Hassett  the  stone  saw-mill  at 
the  head  of  the  canal.  :u>(l  [laid  for  it  *ls.(i(lli. 
James  Waters,  then  in  charge. elected  new  pump- 
ing inachinery  with  daily  puinpiiig  capacity  >>1 
two  million  gallons,  and  the  Holly  immps  were 
moved  into  the  new  ipiarters.  Mr.  Stewart  was 
su|H-rintendeiit  of  the  water  works  under  the 
Holly  system  until  1H7(I,  since  when  the  otiice  has 
been  tilled  as  follows:  1H7(I  '74,  James  Waters; 
1874  '77,  S.  .\lbcrl;  1877.  James  Chalmers;  1877- 
"711.  J.  W.  I'omeroy.  In  187!l.  the  [iresent  super- 
intendent. W.  H.  Johnstin,  was  elected  with  J. 
W.  I'oiiieroy  aHa.Hsist;iiit. 

In  1H8(|,  the  olil  rotary  pumps  were  removed  to 
make  riKnn  for  a  new  pump  of  four  million  gal- 
lons capacity  daily,  making  the   present  total  ca- 


pacity nine  and  one-half  million  gallons  per  day. 
There  are  eighteen  and  two-thirds  miles  of  main 
pipe  laid. 

The  water  works  have  jiroved  an  ever  etli- 
cient  protection  against  lire,  the  pressure  being 
such  that  a  powerful  stream  may  be  thrown  di- 
rectly from  the  hydrants,  thus  rendering  lire 
engines  almost  unnecessary,  excepting  in  cases 
where  the  lire  is  remote  from  hydrants.  The 
quality  of  the  watci'  furnished,  is  the  best  and 
is  taken  finm  tlic  iMittoui  of  the  river,  at  the  licail 
of  the  canal.  The  total  cost  of  tlie  water  works 
was,  exclusive  of  interest  on  bonds,  i;;i9(J.oiiS. 
The  receipts  rnnii  rents  for  1880,  exceeded  the 
expenses  for  maintenance,  about  ?6,()00.  The 
motive  power  for  driving  the  immense  pumps,  is 
furnished  by  two  turbine  wheels,  of  forty-eight 
inches  diameter,  which,  under  a  head  of  thirty 
feet,  give  one  hundred  and  eighty  horse-power 
each.  The  immiis  in  use  were  made  in  Minne- 
apolis, anil  sliow  ;i  high  degree  of  mechaniial 
skill.  'J'lic  water  works  of  Miiiiieaiiolis  will, 
under  the  iireseiil  able  inaiiagement,  compare 
favorably  with  those  of  any  city  of  her  size  in 
the  I'nioii.  The  business  otiice  is  in  the  City 
Hall:  the  present  otlicers  are  :  W.  H.  Johnson, 
superintendent:  V.  T.  Moody,  clerk  and  Andrew 
Bergstrom,  engineer.  January  Isl.  18S1.  the 
office  of  assistant  suiieriiiteiident  was  abolished. 

MIN.NKAl'dl.IS  11K1-;  DIOl'AUrMKXT. 

Of  the  man\  iiraisewnrlhy  institutions  with 
which  Miiuieapolis  is  favored,  there  is  nothing  for 
which  her  citizens  entertain  a  more  profound  re- 
spect-a  respect  amounling  almost  to  veiieratinii 

lliaii  hiT  s]ilciidiill.\  r(|iii|ipi'il  and  aclniiiaiil.\ 
iiiaiiagcd  lire  ilrpartiiii'iit. 

lint  a  \'f\\  .\rars  have  passed  since  not  f\cii  a 
"bucket  brigade."  stood  sentinel  lictwrni  the 
uniuotected  cil\  and  the  all  cle\  inning  clement. 
and  it  was  nut  until  isoT  that  an  oigani/.alion  of 
of  any  kind  existed,  who.se  object  was  iMotection 
against  accidental  lire,  or  the  torch  of  the  incen- 
diary. Even  then.  Its  meagre  facilities  and  ill- 
stored  eipiii>age  rendered  it  wholly  inadeipiatc  to 
cope  siicccssliilly  with  the  jiitiless  dragonade  of 
the  fire  lienil.  To-day  it  stands  without  a  rival  in 
the  great  north-west.  Thoroughly  equiiijied.  ably 
ollicered.  and  with  an  experienced  force,  it  has 
become  so  strongly  iiitrciirliid   in  tlic  cdnlidciici 


FIBE  DEPARTMENT. 


491 


of  the  citizens,  that  the  once  dreaded  fire-alarm 
now  awakens  little  more  than  an  evanescent  ruri- 
osity,  beyond  its  immediate  location.  Its  perfect 
order  and  discipline,  its  excellent  management, 
and  its  freedom  from  uiternal  strife  and  jealous- 
ies, render  it  at  once  the  pride  and  boast  of  the 
city,  and  an  enduring  monument  of  renown  to  its 
originators. 

The  first  organization  was  in  what  is  now 
known  as  the  East  Division,  formerly  St.  Antho- 
ny. In  July,  18.57.  a  meeting  of  the  citizens  of 
St.  Anthony  was  held  in  Wensinger"s  old  block, 
comer  of  Main  street  and  Fourth  Avenue  north. 
for  the  purpose  of  effecting  an  organization 
for  protection  against  fires.  Tiniotliy  15olian  pre- 
sided over  the  meeting,  which  resulted  in  the  or- 
ganization of  a  hook  and  ladder  company,  of 
which  Henry  Carran  was  elected  foreman.  The 
truck  was  built  in  St.  Anthony,  and  the  company 
was  ready  for  duty  in  October.  In  November,  a 
fire  occirrred,  which  is  generally  supposed  to  have 
been  started  by  some  mischievous  party  to  test 
the  utility  of  the  new  company.  The  fire  was  in 
an  old  house  on  the  east  side  of  Main  street,  used 
at  the  time  as  a  stable.  The  experiment  resulted 
in  the  destruction  cif  the  building,  and  the  crema- 
tion of  an  unfortunate  cow.  the  only  occupant. 

In  1859  a  fire  eompan\  was  organized,  with 
John  Dunham  as  foreman,  and  an  engine — the 
Minnesota — was  ordered  from  Button  and  Blake, 
of  New  York.  The  company  was  an  independent 
one,  and  furnished  its  own  building,  as  did  also 
the  hook  and  ladder  companj'. 

The  same  year,  the  city  council  purchased  two 
engines,  made  at  St.  Anthony — the  Cataract  and 
Germania.  Of  the  companies  associated  with 
these,  James  S.  Lane  wasfcircman  of  the  Cataract, 
and  Godfrey  Boehme  of  the  (icrniania.  Six 
months  after  the  arrival  of  tlic  .Miiiucsdla,  tlie 
city  accepted  the  services  of  the  company  as  a 
volunteer  a.ssociation,  assimied  tlie  indebtedness 
incuiTed  in  the  purchase  of  the  engine,  and  |iiii- 
vided  necessary  buildings. 

The  first  eliief  of  the  fire  departmeut  was  Jas. 
S.  Lane.  Xo  dianges  of  special  note  occurred 
until  the  consolidation  with  the  West  Side,  as 
hereafter  mentioned. 

The  first  organization  on  the  West  Side  was 
called  the  "Millers"  Fire  Association,"  in  ISd.l, 
and  owed  its  origin   to    W.    .M.    I'.iaiketl.   tlieu 


a  young  man  employed  as  book-keeper  of  East- 
man, Gibson  and  Company,  proprietors  of  the 
Cataract  and  Union  llciuring  mills,  and  the  North 
Star  woolen  mills.  It  was  upon  his  repeated, 
and  earnest  solicitation  that  the  organization  was 
effected,  its  equipment  consisting  of  a  rotary 
pump  in  the  basement  of  the  Cataract  mill,  five 
hundred  feet  of  hose,  a  hose  jumper,  spanners, 
nozzles,  etc.  A  hose  company  was  organized 
among  the  mill  owners,  with  Cieo.  A.  Brackett,  of 
the  firm  of  Gibson,  Eastman  and  Company,  as 
foreman.  Mr.  Brackett  was  the  first  chief  of  the 
Minneapolis  Fire  Department. 

In  tlie  fall  of  1867,  the  Holly  system  of  water- 
works was  introduced,  but  not  completed  until 
the  spring  of  1868.  The  formal  organization  of 
the  fire  department  was  in  Jaiuiary,  1868,  em- 
bracing the  following  companies:  Minneapolis 
Hose  Company  No.  1;  Mutual  Ho.se  Company  No. 
2;  and  Minneapolis  Hook  and  Ladder  Company 
No.  1.  Its  numerical  strength  was  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  volunteers,  with  the  following 
official  roster;  Geo.  A.  Brackett,  chief;  R.  B. 
Langdon,  first  assistant;  and  Paris  Gibson,  sec- 
ond assistant.  The  hose,  jumper,  etc.  of  the 
jMillers'  Fire  Association,  was  purchased  and 
placed  with  No.  1.  Late  in  the  fore-noon  of  Fel)- 
ruary  6th,  1868,  the  efficiency  of  the  new  fire  de- 
partment, and  the  water-works  was  submitted  to 
trial,  at  a  fire  in  a  dwelling  house,  corner  of 
High  and  Minnetonka  streets.  The  department 
acquitted  itself  creditably,  but  the  water-works 
proved  inadequate  to  the  occasion,  and  the  fire 
was  extinguished  by  the  use  of  buckets,  axes,  etc. 
The  first  mains  were  of  slieet  iron  and  cement, 
and  a  break  prevented  the  necessary  pressure, 
while  the  water  at  best,  was  thick  with  dirt.  Of 
course  the  'Mlaw-pluckers"  and  wiseacres  reiter- 
ated their  previously  expressed  belief  in  tlie  fail- 
ure of  the  Holly  system.  The  defective  pipe  was 
replaced  by  iron  pipes,  the  following  fall,  and 
\>'ere  thereafter  effective.  I'ebruary  8th,  the  city 
council  authorized  the  purcliase  of  six  hundred 
feetof  lulilierhiise.  a  Inn  r- wheeled  hose  carriage,  a 
hook  and  ladder  truck,  four  play  pip:!S  and 
twelve  axes.  Other  punOia.ses  were  made  from 
time  to  time,  though  it  was  long  before  the  <le- 
partmenl  was  furnished  with  a  full  ei|uipruent.or 
provided  with  suitable  buildings. 

On   the   Kith  of  September,  1868.   tlii'   .\Iiune- 


492 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


apwlis  Fireman's  Relief  Association  was  organ-  I 
izetl,  the  object  of  wliicli  needs  no  explanation,  i 
The  association  has  done  nohle  work,  and  is  in  a 
llourisliing  condition,  "a  monnment  to  tlie  syni-  i 
pathy  and  fraternal  feeling,  so  characteristic  of 
tnie  lireuien.""  Tlic  fnst  parade  occurred  on  the 
tlie  24lh  of  Septenilier.  when  tlve  Minneapolis 
department  joined  tlie  St.  Anthony  department 
in  tlieir  annual  jiarade.  A  notable  event  in  the 
history  of  the  Minneapolis  Fire  Department  was 
the  Fireman's  State  Parade,  held  at  this  place  in 
18«!»,  at  which  time  the  "Minneapolis  Boys"  won  a 
reputation  for  hospitality  .for  which  they  have  ever 
lieiMi  held  since  in  the  most  kindly  renieuihrance. 
With  the  consolidation  of  the  cities  of  St.  An- 
thony and  Minneapolis,  in  1872,  the  new  charter 
provided  that  the  city  he  divided  into  two  firede- 
paitnu'nts.  each  side  retaining  the  equipage, 
buildings,  etc..  then  in  their  pos.session,  practi- 
cally leaving  them  as  separatee  and  distinct  as 
though  separated  by  an  ocean  instead  of  the 
river.  In  September.  1874.  the  (Jamewell  fire 
alarm  system  was  introduced  in  the  west  division, 
and  in  October,  the  capacity  of  the  water-works 
was  increased  to  three  and  onc-balf  million  gallons 
of  water  per  day. 

Hoi-ses  were  purchased  or  liiicd.  mimI  chmis 
pennanently  employed  in  the  several  companies. 
in  lK7.'i:  al.so  an  engineer  and  fireman  of  the 
Steamers  and  a  tillerman  for  the  Hook  and  Lad- 
der truck.  The  following  year  the  Ganiewell 
fire  alarm  sy.steni  was  extended  to  the  east  divis- 
ion, and  the  two  divisions  were  fin'nished  tele- 
graphic connnunication.  Uy  a  revision  of  the 
city  cliarter  in  Aj.ril.  1878,  the  two  fire  depart- 
ments were  consolidated,  and  an  election  of  otli- 
I'crs  held  with  the  following  nsnit:  Wiini.  M. 
Urackett,  chief  engineer:  W.  C.  Stetson,  for- 
merly chief  of  the  ciLst  division,  firsl  asslslanl: 
and  ('.  Frederichs.  a  charter  nu-ndier  of  Ilookand 
I„ailder  company  No.  1,  and  once  its  foreman, 
.seconil  assistant.  The  rapid  growth  of  the  city, 
and  the  coricsponding  increase  in  the  duties  of 
llic  lire  dcpaitmcnt.  soon  became  loo  great  for  a 
volunteer  r>rgani'/.alion.  and  in  1871t  they  asked 
to  Ik-  relieved,  and  that  the  city  assume  the  su|)- 
[Mirt  anil  maintenance  of  the  department,  which 
wa.s  done.     The  city  canncjt  forget   the  gratitude 

due  tl Id  volunteer   departuunt,  nor  will  ils 

many  bnive  and  noble  deeds  be  lost   to  nicnioiv 


in  the  no  less  faithful  service  of  the  present  de- 
))artment. 

( )n  the  .second  day  of  May,  1878.  the  Minne- 
apolis fire  department  was  subjected  to  one  of  the 
severest  tests  in  the  annals  of  modern  conflagra- 
tions—a  test  far  greater  than  that  under  which 
many  truly  great  deparlnienls  have  sunk  into  ob- 
scurity and  disgrace ;  but  fioin  wliich  this  noble 
vohniteer  department,  midcr  the  able  direction 
of  its  chief  and  assistants,  emerged  with  a  record 
of  which  monarchs  might  well  be  proud.  A  more 
concise  account  of  this  noted  disaster  will  be 
found  in  the  history  of  the  milling  interests  in 
this  volume. 

The  department  has  seven  stations,  located  as 
follows:  Station  A,  a  double  brick  house,  corner 
of  Second  street  and  Third  .V venue  north,  in 
which  is  the  ollice  of  the  chief;  station  B,  corner 
of  Sixth  Avenue  south  and  Third  street;  station 
C;  corner  of  Second  and  15ank  streets.  East  Di- 
vision ;  station  D,  corner  of  Main  street  and  Thir- 
teenth Avenue  north,  Fast  Division  ;  station  E, 
on  Third  street,  between  \icollet  and  First 
Avenue  south  ;  station  F.  on  Plymouth  Avenue, 
between  First  and  Second  streets  :  and  station  (J, 
corner  of  W  ashinglon  and  F'omteenth  Avenues 
soiitli.  a  double  house — a  consolidation  of  stations 
(i  and  II,  and  the  finest  building  in  the  depart- 
ment. The  several  stations  are  furnished  with 
all  the  necessary  appliances  for  comfort,  conven- 
ience and  prompt,  eflicient  service,  a  full  descrip- 
tion of  which  is  only  omitted  on  account  of  space. 
The  report  of  Chief  Engineer  \V.  .M.  Hrackett  for 
the  year  ending  April  1st.  ISM .  contains  some  in- 
teresting items  illustrative  of  the  labors  and  ef- 
ficiency of  the  department.  The  report  shows 
171  fire  alaiins  responded  to  from  .lanuary  1st, 
188(1.  to  .laniian  1st.  IsM.  The  loliil  losses  are 
estimated  at  :rl7(i.(iii(i :  total  insurance  paid.. •>!  1(1.- 
(Kiii:  total  insurance  involved.  i;(i88.(l(i(i.  The 
apparatus  is  two  steam  lire  engines,  five  four- 
wheeled  hose  carriages  and  one  two-wheeled  hose 
carl,  two  hook  and  ladder  trucks  and  one  chemi- 
cal hook  and  la<lder  truck.  The  force  consists  of 
tweid\-two  regular  and  forty-seven  call  men.  In 
addition  to  the  Imuie  work,  the  steamer  Cilyof 
Minneaiiolis  and  hose  couii>aiiy  No.  1.  went  to 
Farmington  in  No\<'ud>er.  IS7!i.  umlcr  charge  of 
the  chief  engineer,  in  answer  to  :i  call  for  assist- 
ance, and    though    the   delayed   liaiii    prevented 


POLICE  FORCE— CITY  MARKET. 


493 


their  reachiiia:  tlie  plare  until  the  Hre  was  iiuder 
control,  it  rendered  valuable  aid  in  playing  upon 
the  ruins.  The  same  steamer  and  hose  company 
also  rendered  material  service  in  St.  Paul  in 
jMar.ch,  ISSd.  under  cummand  of  Foremen  Tire- 
worgy  and  Henry,  working  ten  hours.  The  offi- 
cers of  the  department  are,  W.  M.  Brackett,  chief 
engineer  ;  C.  Frederichs,  first  assistant ;  Frank  C. 
Stetson,  second  assistant.  Foremen:  John  Ilin- 
ton,  No.  1 ;  H.  AVilliams,  Xo.  2 ;  C.  Henry,  No. 
3 ;  N.  Steffes,  No.  4  ;  R.  York,  No.  5  ;  E.  Kings- 
ley,  Cataract  Engine  Company:  (i.  Kuuge,  Hook 
and  Ladder  Company  No.  1  ;  N.  Tlieilcii.  Hook 
and  Ladder  No. 2;  P.Kinney,  Hook  and  Lad- 
der No.  3. 

THE   POLICE  FORCE. 

Immediately  following  the  organization  of  tlie 
city  government  of  St.  Anthony,  in  18.55.  Benj. 
I.  Brown  was  elected  marshal,  and  his  ollicial 
bond  accepted  at  a  meeting  of  the  council.  May 
19th,  1855.  Twelve  years  later,  the  city  govern- 
ment of  Slinneapolis  was  organized,  and  H.  H. 
Brackett  unanimously  elected  chief  of  police,  at 
a  meeting  of  the  city  council,  ]SIarch  9lli,  18i)7. 
It  is  hardly  necessary  to  state  that  the  police 
force  in  those  days  was  light,  nor  were  their  sala- 
ries oppressively  great.  The  marshal  and  such 
assistants  as  emergencies  required,  constituted  the 
first  force  at  St.  Anthony,  the  chief  and  four  iio- 
licemen  that  of  Minneapolis. 

The  organization  at  present  consists  of  A.  S. 
Hunger,  chief;  A.  C.Beny,  captain;  John  AVcst, 
sergeant;  Michael  Hoy,  detective,  and  twinty- 
four  patrolmen.  The  uniform  is  the  regular  metro- 
politan, distinguished  by  hat  or  cap,  licit  and  club. 
The  police  headquarters  consist  of  a  small  one- 
story  building  on  an  alley  between  'Washington 
Avenue  and  Second  street,  and  are  unworthy  of 
the  city.  The  present  force  is  far  too  light  for 
the  duties  required,  but  it  iscomposedof  men  well 
adapted  to  the  work,  and  although  numerically 
weak,  is  in  i)oint  of  fact  one  of  the  strongest, 
most  eOicient  bodies  in  the  west.  Led  by  a  vigi- 
lant chief,  who  is  aldy  supported  by  an  efficient 
staff  aiul  watchful  body  of  patrolmen,  the  Min- 
neapolis police  force  has  come  to  be  regarded  as 
something  for  the  viciou.s  to  shun,  and  tiie  worthy 
to  rely  on  for  aid  and  protection.  The  following 
from  the  last  aimual  report  of  the  chief  will  per- 
haps express  the  present  character  of  the  body, 


and  the   uatni-c  and  ciubarassing   features  of  the 
work: 

"It  isvery  true  that  depredations  and  misde- 
meanors are  committed,  and  the  jierpetrators  too 
often  escape  arrest;  but  that  is  the  fault  of  the 
limited  force,  and  not  of  any  officer  of  the  de- 
partment. This  city  is  widely  scattered,  con- 
taining more  than  two  hundred  miles  of  streets, 
and  the  entire  police  force  numbers  but  twenty- 
four  patrolmen,  besides  detective,  chief,  captain 
and  sergeant.  Of  this  immense  line  of  streets 
and  alleys,  aliout  lifty  miles  are  within  the  patrol 
limits,  or  less  tluui  oiu'-fourth  of  the  whole  city, 
and  during  the  past  year  there  has  not  been  a 
burglary  or  theft  of  any  impoi'tance  within  such 
limits,  with  but  a  single  exception,  that  the  great- 
er part  of  the  goods  have  not  been  secured  and 
returned  to  the  owner,  and  the  thieves  arrested. 
*  *  *  During  the  past  year  the  police 
force  has  succeeded  in  breaking  up  and  routing 
out,  one  of  the  worst  gangs  of  organized  thieves 
that  ever  existed  in  any  city,  and  the  ringleaders 
are  at  jiresent  in  Stillwater,  with  the  balance  of 
the  gang  scattered  far  and  wide."  In  the  same 
report  the  chief  enters  his  protest  against  the 
toleration  of  tramps,  and  recommends  the  city 
coimcil  to  provide  work,  as  the  best  known  reme- 
dy against  this  all-pivvailing  luiisance. 

CITY    .MAUKKT. 

The  idea  of  a  general  market  for  the  city  of 
Minneapolis  was  conceived  and  executed  by  Har- 
low A.  (iale  in  isTii,  the  city  granting  him  a 
franchise  for  liflecn  years.  The  building  is  of 
stone  and  brick,  with  asbestine  stone  trinnnings 
and  iron  roof.  It  is  located  corner  of  First  street 
and  Hennepin  Avenue,  occupies  a  space  of 
80x15"  feet,  is  three-stories  high  above  a  base- 
ment twelve  feet  in  height,  and  cost  with  land, 
§75,1)00.  In  the  interior  are  sixty  stalls,  where 
may  be  found  meats,  lisli.  fruits,  vegetables,  but- 
ter, eggs,  cheese,  groceries,  all  kinds  of  farm 
products,  and  in  fact  everything  in  the  line  of 
provisions  and  supplies.  On  the  walks  suiKinnd- 
iug  tlie  market,  whii'h  are  inidercoverof  an  awn- 
ing jiroji^cting  from  the  building,  fully  lifty  gard- 
eners display  their  jirodiicts  during  the  vegetable 
and  fruit  season.  In  cold  weather  the  same 
space  is  occupied  by  meats  and  poultry.  The 
basement  is  occui)ied  as  an  eating  house,  which 


494 


HISTOBY  OF  EENNEPIN  COUXTY. 


has  a  seating  capacity  of  two  huiuhed.  On  the 
second  floor  is  a  hall  which  seats  1,500  people. 
The  Woman's  Christian  Association  have  theLi- 
parior  on  tliis  floor,  ami  Ihe  Y.  .M.  C  A.  occupy 
adjoumig  rooms  as  gymiiasiinii  and  reading 
room.  Mr.  (iale  has  his  oflice  at  llie  liall  entrance 
where  he  sni)eriiitends  this  ''bee  hive"  of  indus- 
try, and  conducts  his  real  estate  agency. 

POST-OFKICES. 

The  lii'st  post-office  established  at  the  Falls  of 
St.  Anthony  was  located  in  a  small  building  be- 
longing to  Franklin  Steele,  in  ists.and  .\rd  (iod- 
frey  api'ointed  iiostmaster.  Previous  to  this  the 
nearest  ]>ost-ollices  were  at  Fort  Suelling  and  St. 
Paul.  Mails  were  irregularly  received,  as  no  carrier 
was  emitloyed  diiring  the  flrst  year.  Captain  .John 
liollins  occasionally  ran  a  passenger  express  wag- 
on to  .St.  Paul,  anil  brought  mail  to  St.  Anthony. 
Ill  1850,  Powers  and  Willoughby  opened  regular 
stage  communication  between  St.  Anthony  and 
St.  Paul,  and  for  a  number  of  years  tlie  n)ail  was 
carried  by  stage,  initil  llie  building  of  the  line  of 
nuln>ad  connecting  the  two  cities,  in  1862,  since 
when  it  lias  been  carried  by  rail.  The  olhce  was 
loc^itcd  in  several  difl'erent  lniil<lings  on  the  east 
side.  l)eing  for  a  time  in  the  Winslow  House 
while  that  building  was  conducted  as  a  hotel.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  war,  when  the  Winslow 
House  was  closed,  the  olllce  was  again  removed, 
lliis  lime  to  a  wooden  structure  next  to  the  old 
Stanchfleld  block,  on  Central  Avemie  between 
Main  and  second  streets.  Tlie  more  prominent 
jiostmasters  sui'cceding  Ard  (Jodfrey  were  Luther 
I'alch,  Mr.  White.  AV.  W.  Wales,  and  (leiieral 
If.  P.  Ynu  Cleve,  who  for  a  number  of  years  i)re- 
vious,  and  at  tlie  time  of  tlu;  discontinuance  of 
the  oflice,  held  the  position.  Messrs.  Godfrey, 
Wales,  and  \'an  Cleve  are  at  pri'senl,  promi- 
nent citizens  of  Miiinea])oIis.  Mr.  Wales  is 
a  member  of  tlie  lirm  of  Kirkbride.  Wliitall  and 
Wali-s.  and  (ieneral  \'an  Cleve  is  ailjulanl  gen- 
eral <it  Minnesota. 

'J'hi'  iMisl-oflice  on  tlie  west  side  was  established 
in  It-.')!,  and  located  <in  the  corner  of  First  street 
and  First  Avenue  south,  in  a  small  wooden  Iniild- 
ing  used  as  the  oflice  of  Dr.  11.  Fletcher,  who  was 
the  flrst  postma.ster.  Tlie  first  ipiaiterly  re|M)rt 
of  the  (irsl  iMistmaster  is  preserved  in  the  vault  of 
the  pies.  Ml  oiiii  c  :iiid  ^l...\vs  that  Uui  postage  paid 


on  letters  sent  and  received,  amounted  to  |5.97. 
At  that  time  payment  of  postage  eitlier  in  ad- 
vance or  upon  receipt  was  ojitioual ;  at  present  it 
is  reipiired  in  advance  and  the  receipts  for  the 
same  length  of  time  in  1881,  from  the  saijie 
sources,  amounted  to  |2(>,(j()6.4S.  The  postmas- 
ters succeeding  Dr.  Fletcher  were  Dr.  A.  E. 
Ames,  prominent  in  the  masonic  history  of  the 
state.  C.  Wil.-ox.  S.  Hidden,  D.  Morgan,  D.  Bas- 
sett,  W.  W.  .McXair,  Cyrus  Aldrich,  and  our  pre- 
sent i)ostiuasler.  Dr.  George  H.  Keith,  wlio  lias 
held  the  ollice  for  a  longer  term  than  any  of  liis 
liredccessors.  The  business  rapid  ly  increasing  the 
office  was  fre(|uenlly  removed  to  larger  i|Uarters.  It 
was  first  moved  during  Dr.  Ames's  administration, 
to  AVashington  A\enue  between  Fifth  and  SLxth 
Avenues  south.  The  quarters  soon  proving  iu- 
adeipiate  it  was  next  located  on  Washington  and 
First  .V venues  south :  thence  to  Hennepin 
Avenue,  between  Washington  and  Second  street. 
During  ^\' .  W.  McNair's  administration  it  was 
moved  for  tlie  first  time  into  a  brick  building,  oc- 
cupying tlie  eastern  room  on  the  first  floor  of  tlie 
Athena'um  building.  Col.  Cyrus  Aldricfi.  promi- 
nent in  the  early  history  of  the  state  and  repre- 
sentative to  congress  in  lfi()0-61,  succeeded  Mr. 
McXair  ill  isim  and  icninvcd  it  to  210  Nicollet 
Avenue.  Wlicii  Col.  Aldricli  took  charge  of  the 
oflice  three  assistants  were  reiiuired  to  perform 
the  duties.  In  tlie  sjiring  of  IHTO  Dr.  George  H. 
Keith,  an  old  settler  in  ^liniieaiiolis.  was  a))- 
piiinlc(l  to  sui)er.sede  Col.  .Mdrii-li.  When  lie 
took  charge  of  the  oflice  the  working  force  con- 
sisted of  only  five  clerks.  The  business  of  the 
oflice  by  this  time  had  increased  to  such  a  degree 
that  the  room  in  Cciifcr  block  was  found  to  be  too 
small,  and  in  Dniiubcr.  Is7:i.  the  City  Hall,  lic- 
ing  just  completed,  the  government  leased  its 
present  ipiarters  for  twenty  years  and  moved  in- 
to ItlClll. 

At  tills  time  the  east  side  iiost-oflice  was 
merged  into  the  one  on  the  west  side.  Tliis  was 
elTeclcd  li\  nicaiis  ot  a  petition  pri'scntcd  to  llie 
liost-ollice  dcpailiiiciil  signed  by  the  citizens 
residing  within  the  delivery  of  the  oflice  discon- 
tiniiid.  This  is  the  only  instance  in  the  annals 
of  I'nitcd  Statesjiostal  history,  where  a  post-oflice 
has  been  discontinued  under  such  circumstances, 
.laniiary  Isl.  1871.  the  iiresent  carrier  s> stem  was 
adopted,  reqinring  the  services  of  eight  carriers  on 


BUSINESS  OF  THE  CITY. 


495 


both  sides  of  the  river.  The  carrier  force  lias  been 
increased  to  twelve  regulars  and  two  substitutes, 
who  delivered  in  1880.  o.(ill,809  packages  of 
mail  of  various  kinds. 

In  1880,  the  total  receipts  of  the  office  were 
581,383.60.  from  the  sale  of  stamps,  envelopes, 
postal  cards,  paper  and  periodical  stamjis,  ptist- 
age  on  luipaid  letters,  etc.;  the  total  expenses 
were  118,234.96,  and  the  net  income  of  the  office, 
$63,148.64.  In  1870,  the  entire  force  of  the  office 
including  postmaster  was  six;  at  present  it  num- 
bers thirty-five,  viz:  the  postmaster,  the  deputy 
postmaster,  T.  E.  Hughes;  the  superintendent 
of  carriers,  A.  A.  Keith;  the  superintendent  of 
mailing  department,  R.  L.  Woodworth;  one  spec- 
ial agent,  one  local  agent,  fourteen  clerks,  and 
the  carriers.  The  office  under  the  present  admin- 
isti-ation  is  the  pride  of  Minneapolis,  and  a  mon- 
ument to  the  executive  ability  of  George  H. 
Keith  and  his  efficient  corps  of  assistants. 


CHAPTER   LXXV 


BUSINESS  OF  THE  CITY — CITY  PROPERTY — PIK- 
LIC  AND  PRIVATE  BL-II,DINGS. 

Before  turning  the  leaf  on  the  city  of  Minne- 
apolis a  brief  resume  of  its  interests  and  indus- 
tries will  be  given.  Whenrailroad  communication 
was  deficient,  Minneapolis  contested  the  pomt  of 
the  head  of  navigation  with  a  zealous  neighbor, 
because  ready  means  of  communication  is  a  vital 
point  to  a  city  claiming  the  position  of  a  distri- 
buting point  or  centre  of  trade,  wliile  it  is  nearly 
as  essential  to  a  manufacturing  centre.  When  the 
issue  of  the  struggle  was  reached  and  .Minneapo- 
lis was  compelled  to  occupy  a  secondary  place  so 
far  as  river  transportation  was  concerned,  it 
seemed  that  her  prestige  as  a  centre  of  interior 
trade  was  forever  decided.  During  the  years  in- 
tervening between  the  settlement  of  that  con- 
troversy and  the  present  time,  however,  such  im 
proved  facilities  of  railroad  transportation  have 
grown  with   the  country,  that  the  question  is 


again  an  open  one  whether  Minneapolis  shall  not 
become  the  commercial  centre  of  the  north-west, 
in  addition  to  her  acknowledged  supremacy  as  a 
manufacturing  centre.  The  growth  of  cities  and 
their  control  of  trade  are  never  accidental,  nor 
always  due  to  natural  situation,  though  that 
must  always  be  an  important  factor  in  the  pro- 
duct obtauied.  At  one  time  in  the  early  history 
of  America,  Xew  York  city  was  over-shadowed 
by  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  and  letters  from  Eng- 
land were  addressed  to  "New  York  near  New- 
port." The  superiority  of  the  harbor  at  Newport 
and  many  natural  advantages,  conspired  to  make 
it  the  chief  city  of  the  continent.  In  that  case 
the  cupidity  of  citizens  was  the  cause  of  the 
greater  growth  of  the  rival  city.  Other  instances 
of  like  character  might  be  given.  Capital  and  the 
disposition  t( I  employ  it  in  business  enterprises, 
must  in  Minneapolis  be  the  determining  factors. 
The  problem  of  transportation  is  solved  l)y  the 
construction  of  a  net-work  of  railroads  centering 
at  this  point,  and  a  survey  of  the  business 
of  the  city  will  show  to  what  extent  the 
facilities  are  already  utilized;  at  the  same  time  it 
must  be  admitted  that  imiiortation  of  articles 
which  should  be  manufactured  here,  has  in- 
creased in  a  four-fold  ratio  to  the  growth  of  man- 
ufacturing capacity.  The  manufacture  of  lumber 
and  Hour  will  not  be  included  in  this  resume  of 
business,  except  in  the  general  summary. 

Next  to  flour  and  lumber  in  importance,  are  the 
the  manufactories  of  iron,  carriages  and  wagons. 
Seventy-six  establishments  are  employed  in  these 
branches  of  industry,  with  a  total  capital  of  $811,- 
450,  and  a  product  of  manufactures  amounting 
!|l.fi46,.S40  during  the  past  year,  employing  1210 
men,  paying  out  $537,216  in  wages,  rrominenl 
among  these  are  the  North  Star,  Minneapolis, 
Variety  and  ITnion,  which  companies  are  em- 
ployed in  constructing  machinery  adapted  to  the 
extensive  mills  of  various  kinds  in  the  city  and 
north-west.  The  manufacture  of  farm  machinery 
is  extensively  carried  on,  and  the  wholesale  trade 
in  this  deixirtment  is  large  and  increasing.  The 
Minneaiiolis  llarvestei'  Works  is  the  most  exten- 
sive establishment  of  tills  kind  in  tlic  city,  fur- 
nishing employment  to  a  large  nunilx'r  of  nu'u. 
An  account  of  this  institution  is  given  under  the 
manufactories  of  the  city.  Two  paper  millsare  in 
operation,  employing  ^310,000  capital  and  seven- 


496 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


tj-eight  men.  paying  annually  in  wages  $34,000  ; 
value  of  j>ai>er  iJiodiiet  $208,900.  Planing  mills. 
sa.sli.  door  anil  nionldlng  factories,  twelve  in  all, 
employ  $247. 150  capital,  451  men  and  pay  annu- 
ally in  wages  $145,454:  imidnct  $605,770.  Thir- 
ty-four l)oot  and  shoe  factories  employ  $152,900 
cajiilal.  151  men,  and  pay  annually  $00,900  in 
wages;  product  $23o.«00.  Eleven  brick  yards 
employ  $128,500  capital,  120  men  and  pay  annu- 
ally >; 42.8.50  in  wages;  iiroduct  ?it8.70(l.  Sixteen 
printing  and  pulilisliing  estalilishnients  employ 
$151 ,500  capiti«1.342  men.paying  $140,100  annually 
in  wages ;  product  .?870.400.  Twenty-five  slaugh- 
tering estaldishinenls  employ  $05,500  cai)ital,  101 
men,  paying  $43,181  amiually  in  wages;  product 
1553,429.  Stone  quarries,  ten  in  inmiber.  employ 
^34.-500  capital,  11.8  men.  paying  S38.000  annually 
in  wages;  iirodiict  $284.o0(i. 

The  following  .statistics  taken  from  the  annual 
report  of  the  lioard  of  trade  for  1880,  gives  another 
exhibit  of  the  product  of  miscellaneous  manufac- 
turing: Iron  works  and  farm  machinery,  car- 
riages and  wagons,  $3,260.000 ;  furniture  and 
kindred  goods.  $.520,000  ;  builders"  goods  of  all 
classes. SI, 173.0(HI ;  woolen, cotton  and  knit  goods, 
$51(1.00*1 ;  clothing  and  furnishing  goods,  $725,- 
0110  :  boots,  shoes,  harnesses  and  trunks,  $710,000; 
crai-kei-s.  candies  ami  cigai-s,  $421,000;  linseed 
and  other  oils  and  chemicals.  $311.001) ;  cooperage 
of  all  kinils,  $851. ooo  ;  soap  and  fertilizers,  $410,- 
«H)0:  brown  paper,  etc.,  $287,000;  brewers  and  vine- 
gar rectiliers.  *2'>o.o0o ;  brick,  and  manufactured 
stone.  .'r275.oo(i ;  printers  and  book  binilcrs.  $820,- 
0011 :  total  $10,333,000,  exclusive  of  lloin  and  lum- 
ber. 

Items  in  regiiril  to  thi'  wholesale  trade  have  al- 
ready been  endHidied  in  cliapter  sixty-six.  The 
growth  of  this  branch  of  trade  has  been  remark- 
able, as  will  be  seen  from  the  following  compara- 
tive slalenieiil.  for  the  last  live  years  :  In  1876  it 
amounte<l  to  .*5..{73,651  ;  in  1877,  to  $8,147,275; 
in  1878,  to  $10,406,250;  in  1879,  to  $14,001,700; 
in  1880.  to  ?21.299.2(»o;  showing  that  the  trade 
lias  more  than  ipiadrupled  during  that  time.  Five 
im|Mirtant  wbole.HaU-  and  retail  hardware  stores 
do  each  an  extensive  business,  viz.:  II.  I).  Wood 
and  Co.;  .lanney.  Itrooks  and  Ka.stman;  A.  li. 
.Miller;  Smith  and  Day.  529  Washinglon  .\ venue 
s<iuth  ;  Smith  and  Scribner;  .523  \\'a.sliington  Av- 
enue suutli.      Four  wholeMile  and  reUiil  grocers 


do  business  aggregating  nearly  four  millions. 
Seven  wholesale  wine  and  liijuor  dealers ;  seven- 
teen (pieensware.  drug  and  oil  dealers:  ten  dry 
goods,  clothing,  hats  and  caps ;  seven  cracker 
and  confectionery  ;  four  agricultural  implements; 
Ten  furniture  and  carpets;  twenty-six  produce 
commission ;  sundry,  boots,  shoes,  leather  and 
hides;  also  paper  and  stationery.  These  com- 
prise the  great  bulk  of  llie  wliolesalf  trade  of 
Minneapolis,  aside  from  Hour  and  lumber. 

Tlie  retail  trade  embraces  too  numerous  a  list 
for  special  mention.  A  few  of  the  most  import- 
ant branches  are  given.  Twenty-eight  dealers 
represent  the  retail  trade  in  boots  and  shoes,  be- 
side the  forty  boot  and  shoe  makers;  twenty- 
six,  cigars  and  tobacco;  seventeen,  clothing; 
twenty-eight,  confectionery  and  fruits;  twenty-six 
druggists;  thirty-two.  dry  goods:  live  fancy  goods 
only;  eleven,  furniture:  lifteen.  gents"  furnish- 
ing goods;  one  liiHulreil  and  eighteen,  groceries; 
eleven,  hardware:  forlj-two,  meat  markets: 
twenty-one.  millinery :  twenty-five,  watch-ma- 
kers and  jewelers:  fourteen,  wood  and  coal; 
other  establishments  in  prnporlidii.  The  aggre- 
gate business  of  llie  eily.  wholesale  and  retail, 
including  Hour  and  liunber  makes  a  grand  total 
of  over  $.50,000,000.  Places  of  amusement  are 
the  Academy  of  Music,  Pence  Opera  House,  and 
two  others  of  inferior  grade:  billiard  saloons. 
twenty;  drinking  saloons,  one  hundred  and  sixly- 
fovir;  boarding-hou.ses,  iifty-one;  liotels,  forty- 
six;  restaurants,  twenty-three;  baths,  eight;  bar- 
bers, thirty-six;  city  liacks.  ten;  circulating  libra- 
I'ies,  two. 

The  professions  are  represented  by  one  hun- 
dred lawyers,  eights -tour  pliysicians,  twenty-two 
dentists,  six  civil  engineers,  fourteen  music 
teachers,  and  clergy  as  sliown  under  eliurelies. 
Keal  estate  dealers  are  lirts-four,  loan  agents 
.seventeen,  insurance  agents  twenty-six,  rejire- 
senting  oiu'  hundred  and  twenty-seven  compan- 
ies. Photographers  are  thirteen  in  luunber;  tax- 
idermists, three:  llorists,  seven;  carvers  two; 
carpenters,  bnililers   a)id   contractors,   forty-two. 

Cooperage  is  (piite  an  important  industry, 
stinndated  by  the  llouring  business,  and  is  car- 
ried on  by  several  large  linns,  witli  modern  ma- 
chiiH-ry. 

The  cil.N  property  consisting  of  liriilLres.  city 
hall,   city    prison,    real    estate,  lire   iU|iarlrrieiil 


PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 


497 


property;  gas  fixtures,  sewers,  water-works, 
pumps,  horses,  funds  invested,  office  furniture, 
etc.,  is  11,290,630.68,  besides  tlic  scliool  luiildiuRS 
and  property  not  included.  Tlie  bondeil  debt  of 
the  city  is  sM  ,101,000;  bonded  school  debt  not  in- 
cluded, $96,.500.  The  asses.sed  value  (about  two- 
thirds)  of  real  and  personal  property  in  1880,  was 
128,013,315.  The  rate  of  tax  levy  for  1879-80, 
was  16.1  mills. 

Prominent  buildings;  the  city  hall  located  on 
an  angular  piece  of  ground  at  the  junction  of 
Nicollet  and  Hennepin,  is  the  property  of  the  city. 
The  building  is  four-stories  high  with  abasement; 
built  of  the  blue  limestone,  quarried  witliin  tlie 
city  limits.  A  large  portion  of  the  building  not 
required  for  city  purposes  is  occupied  by  the 
post-office,  Tribune,  Pioneer  Press  and  others  by 
means  of  which  it  proves  a  valuable  investment 
to  the  city. 

Other  buildings,  the  property  of  the  city,  are 
not  worthy  of  mention,  as  ornamental  structures 
and  some,  especially  the  county  buildings,  are  in- 
adequate to  the  large  and  increasing  demands  of 
business.  The  fire  stations,  however,  seven  in 
number,  located  in  different  parts  of  the  city  are 
of  handsome  design.  Station  "G"  corner  of 
Washington  Avenue  and  Thirteentli  Avenue 
south,  recently  completed,  cost  with  tlie  lot  S8,- 
475.92.  "This  building  is,  without  doubt,  one  of 
the  most  convenient  and  complete  fire  stations  in 
the  north-west,  and  will  compare  favorably  with 
any  in  the  United  States."' 

The  city  market  mentioned  elsewliere,  is  locat- 
ed on  Bridge  square.  It  was  built  in  1876,  by 
the  present  proprietor  Harlow  A.  Gale,  under  a 
special  contract  witli  tlie  city  by  virtue  of  wliicli 
he  controls  and  receives  llie  rents  during  a  term 
of  years,  for  booths,  stalls,  and  locations  on  the 
streets  and  side  walks  surrounding  the  building. 
Here  hucksters  congregate,  aff(inliiig  a  great  con- 
venience to  citizens  in  the  piircliase  of  supplies. 

Many  biismess  blocks  are  of  such  elegant  and 
extensive  proportions  as  to  attract  the  notice  of 
visitors,  and  are  wortliy  of  sjiecial  mention.  It 
will  be  possible,  however,  to  mention  only  a  few 
of  the  most  prominent. 

The  Academy  of  Music,  located  on  Ilennepiii 
Avenue,  corner  of  Wasliiiigton,  is  a  brick  struct- 
ure of  four  stories,  with  a  mansard  roof,  and  is  an 

elegant  block. 
32 


The  Andrews  block,  built  of  brick,  four  stories, 
is  a  striking  building,  well  adapted  to  the  whole- 
sale trade  by  wliicli  it  is  occupied. 

The  Casey  block  is  a  magnificent  building  with 
forty-four  feet  front  on  Nicollet  Avenue,  in  depth 
112  feet.  It  is  four  stories  in  height,  built  of 
brick,  faced  with  Lemont  limestone. 

The  Eastman  block,  four  stories  high,  with  a 
front  of  Ohio  sandstone,  the  Day  block,  of  pressed 
brick  on  AVashiiigton  Avenue,  the  Domestic  block 
of  Oliio  sandstone  on  Nicollet  Avenue,the  Johnson 
block,  corner  of  Washington  and  Hennepin  Ave- 
nues, and  many  other  fine  business  stiiictures  are 
features  of  tlie  city. 

Hotels.  Many  of  the  hotels  deserve  mention 
among  the  fine  buildings  of  the  city.  The  fol- 
lowing in  regard  to  them  is  of  interest :  The  first 
hotel  in  this  city  was,  as  has  been  previously 
stated,  the  St.  Charles,  built  in  St.  Anthony,  in 
1850,  and  kept  by  Anson  Northrup.  The  Wins- 
low  House,  in  which  many  thousand  dollars  wei'e 
invested,  was  at  one  time  the  leading  hotel  of  the 
north-west,  and  a  popular  resort  for  southern 
people  previous  to  the  war.  After  its  southern 
patronage  ceased,  it  continued  for  a  time  at  a 
loss,  but  was  subse(|uently  closed,  to  be  opened 
no  more  as  a  hotel.  The  building  was  used  as  a 
tenement  for  a  time  and  finally  became  the  prop- 
erty of  Macalester  College,  and  is  now  occupied 
by  that  institution.  The  first  hotel  on  the  west 
side  was  erected  by  Anson  Northrup,  near  the 
falls,  in  18.53,  known  as  the  Minneapolis  House. 
The  Nicollet  House  was  built  in  1857,  by  Eustis 
and  Nudd.  It  was  begun  in  ilay  of  that  year, 
and  when  completed,  had  a  frontage  of  110  feet 
on  Hennepin,  and  100  feet  on  Wasliiiigton  Ave- 
nue, coiilaiiiiiig  aViout  ninety  guest  rooms,  com- 
modious dining  room,  office  and  parlors.  The 
cost  of  tlie  biiildhig  was  ¥80,000.  The  house  was 
iiiuler  tlic  nianagcmcnt  of  Kustis  and  Nudd  until 
1861,  wlien  the  latter  sold  his  interest  to  Eustis, 
who  leased  the  lioiise,  the  same  year,  to  I.  P.  Hill. 
From  that  time  until  1866  it  was  conducted  by  va- 
rious parties.  In  that  year,  F.  S.  (iilson  and 
Company  purcha.sed  it,  for  .'f;40,000.  This  firm 
managed  the  house  until  1870,  when,  llicir  in- 
cn^asing  trade  dcniaiiding  more  room,  tlicy  built 
an  addition,  making  the  house  its  present  si/.e, 
and  giving  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  rooms. 
The  new  part  was  opened  in  .luly,  1871.    Two 


498 


HlSlOIiY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


years  later,  the  liouse  was  leased  to  McKibbon 
ami  VosbuiR.  and  in  1S7S  Mr.  Gilson  Ufiain  took 
it,  and  continneil  until  May.  ISSd,  wlicn  it  was 
leased  to  .Inlin  T.  WCsl.  In  iNTii  .Mr.  Gilson 
made  sonic  iniiiorlant  clianjrcs.  biiiMinir  a  new  of- 
lice  and  rotunda,  with  entrances  on  W  asliington 
Avenue.  This  bouse  has  been,  since  its  first 
opening,  the  leading  hotel  of  the  city. 

Among  the  remaining  forty-five  hotels  in  .Min- 
neapolis, seven  of  them  rank  high  as  houses  of 
the  second  cla.ss:  The  Clark,  Merdianls.  Wind- 
sor, National.  St.  James,  Bellevue  and  I'auly. 
The  others  arc  of  the  various  grades.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  hotels,  there  area  number  of  ]inlilic  and 
private  boarding  houses,  that  are  largely  patron- 
ized by  citizens  and  those  sojouniing  tempo- 
rarily. 

In  this  connection,  the  places  of  amusement 
and  their  history,  with  the  line  buildings  occu- 
pied by  them  is  introduced. 

I'rcvions  to  the  erection  of  Harrison's  Hall, 
about  1800,  the  public  hall  of  ilinneapolis  known 
as  lioardman's  Hall,  was  located  on  the  corner  of 
Washington  and  Second  Avenues  soulli.  This 
building  is  now  the  First  National  Hotel.  Har- 
rison's Hall,  with  seating  capacity  of  about  four 
or  five  liundred  was  u.sed  for  amusements  until 
ISfiK,  when  J.  W.  I'ence,  seeing  the  need  of  an 
openi  liouse,  built  and  furnished  I'ence  Opera 
Jlonse.  It  is  located  on  the  corner  of  Hennepin 
Avenue  and  Second  street,  and  when  erected  had  a 
wating capacity  of  seven  liundred.  The  building 
isof  brick,  three  stories  high  and  basement.  The 
first  floor  is  used  for  stores,  the  .second  ilnor  is  di- 
vided into  (illlces.  and  on  flic  third  lloor  is  the 
hall.  During  the  suininer  of  I.S7!»,  the  rear  of  the 
flfK)r  of  the  anilitorinni  wiis  raised,  giving  it  an  in- 
cline towards  the  stage,  the  seating  capacity 
increa.s<'d  from  seven  to  nine  hundred,  and  folding 
opera  chairs  put  in.  II  was  opeiii-d  October  21, 
)h(!i.  with  a  slock  company  under  management 
of  John  A!urray.  who  was  followed  in  the  seamm 
of  IHhli  by  the  ISryton  and  Carver  stock  ciimpauy 
and  calleil  the  "Criterion  Theatre."  Ihyton  and 
CHr\er  closed  Iw-fore  the  season  was  over.  Miss 
I'liosa  McAllister  opened  January  24tli.  1KK1, 
with  a  full  sliH'k  cumpany  of  thirty  people  and  is 
enjoying  merited  suci'css. 

Joseph  ll(Hlges.  who  came  friun  rriividence, 
ItluHle  I.sliind,  alM»utl87(),  conchiiled  that  amuse- 


ment-going Miiinea]icilitans  wnuld  suiii>ort  a  lar- 
ger anil  liner  o]>cra  liou.se  than  tlie  citv  then  pos- 
sessed, and  in  ISTO-'Tl.  erer-ted  the  Academy  of 
Music  on  the  comer  of  Ilennepin  and  Wasliiiig- 
ton  Avenues.  The  building  is  MixllHfcet,  four 
stories  in  height,  with  a  truss  roof.  The  first 
floor  is  occui)ied  by  stores,  the  second  floor  is  di- 
vided into  offices,  and  on  the  third  and  fourth  is  the 
opera  hall.  The  auditorium  seats  1,400  persons, 
5i)4  in  the  gallery  and  SOU  Ijelow.  Over  2,000 
persons  have  congregated  in  tlie  liall  on  several 
occasions.  The  structure  and  gmuud  was  pur- 
chased in  ^lay.  IST.S.  by  tlie  llerrick  Bros,  and 
Tliomas  liOwry.  The  present  owners  are  I).  Mor- 
rison, llerrick  Bros.,  and  the  estate  of  C.  (i. 
(ioodrich.  It  is  valued  at  $150,000.  and  is  the 
finest  structure  of  the  kind  north-west  of  Chicago. 
Since  theowner.shiiiof  Mr.  Hodges,  the  Academy 
of  Music  has  been  under  the  management  of  W. 
W.  and  E.  W.  llerrick. 

The  I'niversity,  on  I'niversity  Avenue,  is  a 
stately  building,  occupying  liigli  ground,  and 
visililc  fnmi  nearly  all  parts  of  tlie  city.  It  is 
constructed  from  native  limestone  and  occupies 
spacious  grounds  a  little  removed  from  the  noise 
and  bustle  of  the  business  portion  of  the  city, 
but  convenient  of  access.  The  high  school  build- 
ing with  its  towers,  is  another  noticeable  feature, 
built  of  limestone  and  Kasota  sandstone,  situ- 
iited  in  tlie  heart  of  tlie  city. 

Among  the  many  private  residences  on  whicli 
wealth  and  taste  have  been  lavished  to  such  an 
extent  as  to  invest  them  witli  general  interest  to 
citizens,  we  can  here  nieiilioii  but  few.  Tlie 
Juild  residence,  situated  on  Sixth  Avenue  south 
and  Fifth  street,  is  the  most  showy  resi- 
dence in  the  cil\ .  The  grounds  occupy  the  en- 
tire block,  and  are  adorned  witli  licaiitiful  shade 
trees  and  landscape  gardening.  Tlw  house  is  of 
cream-colored  brick,  and  is  iiriiicclx  in  its  pro- 
portions and  arcliitectnre. 

The  residence  of  Jesse  (i.  Jones,  (diiii  r  of 
First  Avenue  south  and  Tenth  street,  is  a  model 
of  fine  taste  anil  beautiful  ar<-hilecliire.  The 
houses  of  C.  II.  rellil,  cornel- of  Sccoml  .\\ciiiie 
south  aud  Tenth  street,  and  Thomas  l,o\vry. 
city  limits,  are  of  cream-colored  brick,  and  among 
the  finest  of  the  city. 

Hon.  A.  C.  Hand  has  a  stately  mansion,  corner 
of    Seventh    street    and    Sixth    Avenue    south, 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


499 


built  of  asbestine.  L.  Christian's  residence,  cor- 
ner of  Fifth  Avenue  soutli '  and  Eighth  street, 
that  of  Hon.  (ieorge  A.  Pillsbury,  corner  of 
Tenth  street  and  Third  Avenue  soutli,  and  that 
of  lion.  J.  S.  I'illsbury,  corner  of  Tenth  Ave- 
nue and  Fifth  street  south-east,  are  palatial  es- 
tablishments. 

It  is  a  matter  of  regi-et  that  liuuted  space  pre- 
vents the  acknowledgement  of  the  debt  due  from 
the  citizens  at  large,  to  the  numerous  other 
wealthy  gentlemen  who  have  beautified  the  city  by 
expending  large  sums  in  the  construction  of  tine 
residences  and  laying  out  ornamental  grounds. 

Of  banks,  churches,  newspapers  and  societies 
such  extended  notice  has  already  been  given,  as 
to  leave  little  of  fresh  matter  for  this  summary. 
Of  banks,  more  are  needed;  the  board  of  trade 
report  placed  the  deficiency  of  banking  capital, 
that  would  be  profitably  employed,  if  immediately 
invested  here,  at  SI  ,(IO(I,(IOO  or  more.  Of  churches, 
the  number  and  seating  capacity  appears  large, 
though  new  structures  are  now  building.  Of 
newspapers,  there  are  more  than  twenty.  The 
professions  are  largely  and  ably  represented; 
room,  however,  is  always  found  on  the  ''top  shelf" 
for  new-comers  qualilied  to  assume  the  position. 


CHAPTER  LXXYI. 

niOGRAPniC.\L,   A    AXD   1!. 

Judge  Isaac  Atwater.  In  few  men  are  more 
rare  combinations  of  talent  required,  than  in  i)io- 
neers  of  new  countries;  in\incible  courage,  enter- 
prize  tempered  by  prudence ;  promptness  and 
decision  united  with  calm  reflection;  sagacity 
combined  with  enthusiasm,  are  indispensable 
requisites.  Trades,  professions,  creeds,  in  short 
all  tliat  has  a  tendency  to  make  a  successful  com- 
monwealth must  be  represented  as  near  the  be- 
ginning as  possible.  Among  those  wliu  iil:int(Ml 
the  foundation  for  the  future  city  of  Minneapolis, 
and  assisted  in  laying  the  corner  sl<ine  of  the 
state  of  Minnesota,  none  contriliuted  more  zeal- 
ously than  Judge  Isaac  Atwater,  who  arrived 
at  St.  Anthony  Falls,  in  IS.iO.  He  is  a  native  of 
Homer,  Cortland  county,  !New  York,  where  he 


lived  and  worked  on  the  farm  imtil  he  was  six- 
teen years  of  age,  which  life  he  then  abandoned 
for  the  necessary  preparation  incident  to  a  pro- 
fession. He  received  a  thorough  classical  educa- 
tion, and  graduated  at  Yale  college,  in  1S44,  and 
two  years  subsequently  in  like  manner  graduated 
at  Yale  law  school.  Promptly  upon  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  he  commenced  a  successful 
practice  of  law  in  New  Y'ork  city,  which  was 
continued  until  his  removal  to  St.  Anthony,  where 
immediately  upon  his  arrival,  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  Hon.  John  W.  North,  and  con- 
tinued the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the  dis- 
trict and  supreme  courts  of  the  Territory.  A 
few  months  subsequently  to  his  arrival,  he  was 
appointed  one  of  the  regents  of  the  state  univer- 
sity of  Minnesota,  and,  on  the  organization  of  the 
board,  was  made  secretary,  which  responsible 
position  he  held  for  nine  years,  performing  the 
duties  in  the  most  satisfactory  manner,  and  this, 
too,  without  compensation.  It  is  proper  to  re- 
mark that  had  it  not  been  for  the  judicious 
course  piu'sued  by  Judge  Atwater  and  his  col- 
leagues in  these  early  days,  none  of  whom  ever 
received  any  compensation  for  their  services,  but 
on  the  other  hand  contributed  large  sums  of 
money  from  their  own  pockets  in  the  interest  of 
the  in.stitution,  there  is  no  probability  that  the 
stately  edifice  which  we  all  are  so  proud  of  would 
have  been  built  at  all,  or  at  least  not  in  this 
neighborhood.  To  the  first  board  of  regents  are 
the  citizens  indebted  for  the  inauguration  of  the 
the  University  of  Minnesota,  at  the  Falls  of  St. 
Anthony.  Several  liberal  citizens,  then  residents 
on  both  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  sucli  as  Calvin 
A.  Tuttle,  Esqr.,  also  subscribed  and  paid,  large 
subscriptions  to  enable  the  regents  to  coninifnce 
the  erection  of  suitable  prei)aratory  buildings  for 
the  use  of  the  university.  In  1851,  upon  the  ad- 
vent of  the  St.  Anthony  Express,  Judge  Atwater, 
in  addition  to  his  numerous  other  duties,  became 
editor-in-chief  of  that  jiaper,  and  conducted  the 
editorial  cnlunnis  with  great  ability  until  his  eleva- 
tion to  tlic  suprcuit'  licni-1]  u|iiir]  the  (ii'ganizatinn 
of  the  slate  govcnuuenl  in  bS.jT.  Ilis  vigoidus 
and  able  pen  soon  gave  this  paper,  then  pidilislicd 
on  the  extreme  frontier,  a  national  reputation, 
and  it  was  the  source  of  the  introduction  of 
thousands  and  thousands  of  emigrants  into  the 
territory  as  permanent  settlers. 


500 


niSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


In  1853  he  received  tliesiifTragesof  tlie  citizens 
of  Hennepin  county  for  district  attorney.  Tliis 
office,  in  a  new  country,  wliere  the  inliabitants  are 
concentrated  from  tlie  four  quarters  of  the  globe, 
is  attended  with  dillu  ultics  wliidi  are  unknown 
in  old  settled  ci)mmunilics.  In  iSoT  lie  was 
elected  one  of  the  associate  justices  of  tlie  su- 
jircnie  court.  Ilis  elevation  to  a  .seat  on  tlie  su- 
liiciue  bench  necessarily  caused  him  to  vacate  the 
editorial  chair  of  the  St.  Anihony  Express,  but 
his  haliits  of  industrj-  were  continued  in  frequent 
contriliutions  of  articles  of  rare  merit,  which  ap- 
peared in  the  leading  perioiiicals  of  the  day.  In 
1804  lie  resigned  tlic  office  of  supreme  .judfe,  iii 
consequence  of  a  detennination  to  visit  the  Pa- 
cific States  for  the  purpose  of  resuming  tlie  prac- 
tice of  law.  He  opened  an  oliice  in  Car.son  City, 
Ne\;ada,  extending  liis  practice  to  A'irginia  City, 
in  that  state.  lie  remained  three  years  on  the 
I'acilic  .slope,  when  he  returned  to  Minneapolis, 
and  has  since  that  time  continued  the  practice  of 
his  pnifession,  occupying  at  the  same  time,  for 
years,  a  seal  in  tlie  city  council,  a  portion  of 
whicli  time  he  was  ]>residenl  of  the  Ixiard  of  al- 
dermen. For  eiglit  years  lie  was  a  member  of  the 
Ixiard  of  education,  an  important  trust  for  wliich 
liiw  knowledge,  liabits.  and  interest  in  schools  pe- 
ciibarly  titled  liim.  The  three  last  years  of  his 
service  Willi  llie  lioard.  lie  was  president  of  that 
iKidy.  II  will  be  seen  that  .ludge  Atwater  lias 
iH'stowed  a  good  deal  of  his  valuable  time  to  mu- 
nicipal as  well  as  educational  jiurposes,  and  to  his 
inlluence  ami  services  are  the  citizens  largely  in- 
debted for  the  healthy  and  prosperous  condition 
of  the  matters  closely  connecled  with  the  city  af- 
faiis.  as  well  as  Ihe  excellent  system  of  schools 
which  alKinnds  in  Minnea|)olis.  He  is  also  a  val- 
uable mcniber  of  the  bomd  of  trade,  which  in  a 
measure,  shapes  the  future  destinies  of  the  city. 
Juilge  Alwater  beUmgs  lo  the  rroleslant  Episco- 
pal Cliurrh.  in  which  he  has  occupied  numerous 
positions  and  trusts  hi  the  interest  of  Cliristianity. 
anil  is  always  ready  to  bestow  aid  and  a.ssist  in 
the  elevation  of  mankind. 

Ill  IHll).  Judge  Atwater  was  married  to  Mi.ss 
I'eiiiielia  A.  Sanborn,  a  lady  who  is  universally 
respecteil  by  a  large  circle  of  acquaintances.  Her 
iK-aiitiful  home  is  surrounded  with  the  choicest 
floral  gifts,  llie  fiiiits  of  her  handiwork.  She 
lakes  much  interest  in  the  propagation  of  |ilants, 


flowers  and  vines,  which  make  our  homes  cheer- 
ful and  happy.  Her  good  works  in  these  things 
were  held  in  such  high  estimation  by  the  State 
Horticultural  Society,  that  she  was  unanimously 
elected  an  Iwniorary  member  of  that  society.  Tlie 
Judge  and  .Mrs.  Atwater  have  had  three  children. 
Cora,  the  eldest,  a  liright  little  girl,  died  in  1852, 
aged  fifteen  months.  L.  Isabel,  tlie  second 
daughter,  is  the  wife  of  Col.  A.  ('.  Reid.  of  San 
Francisco,  California.  The  youngest,  John  B., 
is  also  a  graduate  of  Yale  College,  has  chosen 
the  same  prof(?ssion  as  his  fiither,  and  is  the  jun- 
ior member  of  the  firm  of  Atwater  and  Atwater, 
attorneys  at  law. 

Alfred  Elisha  Ames,  deceased.  As  a  represen- 
tative of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  Minnesota  none  are 
more  deserving  of  a  bright  record,  tlian  Alfred 
Elisha  .\ni('s.  whose  life  wasa  great  success.  He 
was  a  native  of  Colchester.  Vermont,  wliere  he 
was  born  December  IHtli,  ]hI4.  He  attended  the 
common  schools  a  few  months  of  each  year,  \vork- 
ing  on  a  farm  the  balance  of  the  time,  until  he 
was  seventeen  years  of  age.  Under  the  influence 
of  his  honest,  industrious  parents,  his  mind  was 
lilted  to  look  beyond  his  immediate  surroundings, 
and  win  his  w'ay  to  an  honored  and  useful  career. 
In  1832  he  went  to  I'ainesville,  Ohio,  where  he 
attended  school  during  the  winter,  working  for 
his  board  witli  a  iloctor.  lie  became  interested  in 
medicine,  reading  when  oppoitiiiiily  wasafforded. 
He  engaged  in  fanning  and  brickniaking  I'orsonie 
lime,  and  in  1836  he,  with  his  newly  wedded 
wife,  emigrated  to  Boone  c<iiinty,  Illinois,  where 
his  father,  with  faiiiil\  liaii  preceded  him.  In 
1837  his  father  died,  and  all  depended  upon  his 
exertions  for  the  suii])ort  of  his  wife,  also  his 
widowed  niotlicr  and  licr  family.  In  November, 
1838.  taking  a  |iack  on  his  back,  he  started  by 
way  of  an  Indian  trail  to  \'aiidalia.  then  the  .scat 
of  goveriiiiiciil.  'riirciUL;li  tlic  kiiiil  cll'nrts  of 
Hon.  Stephen  A.  l)i)iiglass,  he  obtained  empl(i>- 
nieiit  as  deputy  of  the  secretary  of  state  and  ini- 
vale  secretary  to  Gov.  Carliii.  In  ls|o  .Mr.  .Vines 
attended  metlical  lectures  at  Kiish  Medical  Col- 
lege, Chi<-ago,  under  Professor  Daniel  lirainerd  ; 
he  afterward  worked  on  his  farm  reading  medi- 
cine nights;  later  with  Dr.  U.  S.  Maloney.  of 
Uelvidere,  whertUie  also  began  to  practice.  In 
1842  he  was  elected  to  the  state  lei,'islatiii('  from 
the  counlies  of  lioone,  McHenry,  Kane,  De  Kalb 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


501 


and  Grundy.  After  the  adjournment  of  the 
legislature,  he  went  to  Chicago  and  attended  a 
course  of  medical  lectures,  studying  witli  Profes- 
sor Brainerd.  He  attended  anotlier  course  of 
lectures  at  Chicago,  and  graduated  from  Eusli 
Medical  college  in  February,  1845.  In  1847  lie 
made  a  professional  visit  to  New  York.  Philadel- 
phia. Baltimore,  Washington,  Cincinnati,  and  St. 
Louis,  visiting  all  the  liospitals  and  deriving 
much  benefit  from  the  tour.  He  was  elected  to 
the  state  senate  of  Illinois  in  1849.  At  Spring- 
field, Governor  French  commissioned  him  pay- 
master-general of  his  stall  and  the  ne.xt  year,  ow- 
ing to  his  faithful  devotion,  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  senate.  In  October,  1851,  he  came  to  Saint 
Anthony  in  quest  of  a  new  liome,  and  in  Novem- 
ber located  a  claim  and  built  a  shanty  on  the 
present  site  of  Minneapolis.  Forming  a  partner- 
ship with  Dr.  J.  H.  Murphy,  he  began  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  at  Saint  Anthony.  He  was 
elected  to  the  territorial  legislature  from  Henne- 
pin county  in  18.52  and  in  October,  1854,  he  was 
chosen  probate  judge.  In  1856  Dr.  Ames  drew 
the  bill  for  incorporating  the  village  of  Minne- 
apoUs,  and  was  appointed  its  postmaster.  On 
June  1st,  1857,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  con\'ention,  in  which  body  he  was 
chauman  of  tlie  committee  on  school  lands  and 
university,  and  in  1860  was  a  member  of  the  state 
normal  school  board.  In  1862  he  visited  the  hos- 
pitals in  the  i)rhicipal  eastern  cities,  and  return- 
ing home  resumed  his  practice.  In  1868  he  went 
ea.st  to  visit  his  native  place  and  May  1st  he  em- 
barked at  New  York  city  for  California,  being  ab- 
sent several  months.  After  his  return  he  eon- 
tmued  to  reside  and  practice  in  this  city  until  his 
death.  He  served  in  many  public  capacities;  was 
a  member  and  usually  a  leader  in  all  medical  so- 
cieties, also  actively  interested  in  all  m.itters  per- 
taining to  educational  advantages.  During  the 
summer  of  1874  hishealth  began  to  fail  him  and  in 
September  he  passed  peacefully  to  his  rest.  His 
funeral,  whicli  took  place  the  Sunday  following, 
was  conducted  by  Dr.  McMasters  of  St.  Paul,  at- 
tended by  nearly  all  the  masonic  bodies  in  tlie 
state.  Dr.  Ames  was  an  enthusiastic  worker  in 
the  cause  of  masonry.  Many  lodges  were  organ- 
ized and  instructed  by  him  ;  lie  was  the  first  grand 
master  and  organized  the  first  grand  lodge  in  the 
state.    He    was    a    member    of    the    Episcopal 


church.  His  marriage  with  Martha  A.  Pratt,  oc- 
curred at  Geneva,  Ohio,  in  1836.  By  this  union 
they  had  seven  sons,  five  of  whom  with  their 
mother,  survive  him. 

Eli  B.  Ames  was  born  in  Colchester,  Vermont, 
August  3d,  1820.  In  1832,  moved  to  Ohio,  and 
in  1836  to  Boone  county,  Illinois,  where  he  lived 
until  1841,  then  went  to  Ottawa  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1842,  when  he  moved  to  Hennepin, 
Putnam  county,  Illinois,  where  he  was  postmaster 
from  1844  to  1848.  Probate  judge  from  1848  to 
1850.  Memlier  of  the  state  legislature  in  1851  and 
1852.  Governor  Madison's  private  secretary  for  two 
years.  In  1855,  appointed  consul  to  Hamburg,  and 
acted  as  such  until  the  spring  of  1857.  Dur- 
ing that  spring  he  went  to  Waslungton,  to  arrange 
a  postal  treaty  between  that  country  and  the 
United  States,  for  the  general  exchange  of  Ger- 
man mail  through  Hamburg.  He  succeeded  in 
the  undertaking,  and  also  in  reducing  tlie  rate  of 
postage  from  thirty  to  ten  cents.  He  showed 
such  ability  in  the  office  as  consul,  that  the  con- 
sulate was  lield  open  for  his  return  a  year,  which 
he  did  not  do,  but  came  to  Minneapolis  in  June, 
1857,  and  located,  opening  a  general  insurance 
business,  which  he  has  followed  to  the  present 
time.  He  was  secretary  of  the  state  senate  from 
1861  to  1864,  and  elected  mayor  of  Mhineapolis 
in  1870  and  1871.  Married  Miss  Delia  A.  Payne, 
in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  May  31st,  1854.  They 
have  had  three  children,  all  living,  Addie  II., 
Alice  D.  and  Agnes  L. 

Ezra  B.  Ames,  was  born  at  Garden  Prairie, 
Illinois,  August  2r,th,  1837.  Is  a  son  of  Dr.  A. 
E.  Ames,  who  made  the  first  kiln  of  brick  in 
Chicago,  and  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  that 
region.  Mr.  Ames  moved  with  his  parents,  in 
the  spring  of  18.52,  to  ^Iinneai>olis,  attended  the 
first  school  in  this  city,  taught  liy  Mary  A.  Sclio- 
field;  only  six  pupils  attended,  him.self  and  U\o 
brothers,  two  lirothers  of  the  McLeod  family  and 
Emma  Tultle,  in  a  log  house  near  where  the 
Washburn  mill  now  stands;  also  attended  the  first 
courts  held  in  the  old  government  mill,  and  first 
religious  services,  at  which  tlie  Rev.  Mr.  Pond 
officiated.  In  1854,  he  engaged  as  clerk  with 
Tuft,  Keynolds  and  Whittemore  in  the  mercantile 
business,  remained  until  1856,  when  he  opened  a 
general  store  at  Dayton  and  conluined  until  1860. 
Then   engaged   in   milling   at  Kockford,  Wright 


502 


niSlVIiY  OF  BENNEPJN  COUNTY. 


(•(Hiiity.  until  1862.  wlien  lie  enlisted  in  First 
Minnesota  ("avalry.  served  his  temi  of  one  year, 
and  was  honorably  diseharsred.  On  his  return, 
opened  in  eonipany  with  Mr.  Hopper,  a  meat 
market,  on  the  eorner  of  Wa.shington  and  Nicol- 
let Avenues,  which  l)usines.s  he  followed  until 
1H7I.  after  which  he  enframed  in  the  commis- 
sion liiisine.'is.  and  latterly  has  siven  his  atten- 
tion to  his  own  real  estate  and  tenement  husiness. 
Was  married  at  Minneapolis.  January  1st,  1864, 
t4i  Mary  ('.  Hopper,  one  of  the  early  comers  to 
this  city.  They  have  had  four  children,  two 
now  living:  Kdgar  C".  and  Frederick.  A. 

Albert  Alonzo  Ames  wius  bom  at-Garden  Prai- 
rie, lloone  county.  Illinois.  January  ISth.  1S42. 
At  ten  years  of  atje  he  moved  with  his  parents  to 
Minnea]M)lis.  frraduated  from  the  high  school  at 
sixteen,  and  at  once  conuiicnced  the  study  of 
meilicine  with  his  father.  (;ra<luated  at  the  Hush 
Medical  College,  of  Chicano.  February  oth.  1862. 
Married.  Ajiril  21st,  1862.  to  Miss  Sarah,  daughter 
of  ('apt.  IJichard  Stroiit,  of  Minnea|)olis.  In 
August,  1h;2.  Dr.  Anu-s.  in  company  with  others. 
rais<'d  ('oni]>any  15  of  nth  Miiuiesota  A'olimteer 
Infantry,  and  engaged  in  the  service  on  the  fron- 
tier, participating  in  all  the  battles  of  his  regi- 
ment against  the  Indians.  In  the  fall  of  1868, 
accompanied  his  regiment  south,  and  was  in  active 
M*r\ice  until  the  close  of  the  war.  IIisexi)eri- 
ence  in  surgery,  gjiined  iluring  his  time  of  senice, 
was  of  great  value  to  him.  In  July,  18iM.  he 
was  commissioned  surgeon,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  until  mustered  out.  August  18th,  186.5. 
Iteturned  to  Minneapolis,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  |irofession  with  his  father.  In 
Xovemlwr.  1866,  he  was  elected  to  the  state  legis- 
lature from  Ileimepin  county.  In  1868,  went  to 
California,  and  engaged  in  the  newspaper  busi- 
ness until  1871.  when  he  returned  to  .Minneapolis. 
when-  he  has  since  remained.  After  the  death  of 
his  father,  in  Sept<'mber,  1874.  he  took  his  prac- 
tice. an<l  has  continued  it  since.  Has  held  sev- 
enil  olllces  of  prominence,  and  was  elected  mayor 
of  Miniiea)HitiH  in  1876.  N  a  njiMibcr  of  the  .Ma- 
sonic fniti-rnity.  Odil  Fellows.  Druids,  and 
Knights  of  I'ythias.  Has  three  children  living  : 
<'liarlie  ('..  KUle  F.,  and  Frankie  E. 

Herman  AIm-I.  was  iMini  in  (Jemiany  in  1825. 
I/<-anieil  the  dyeing  and  scouring  business  in  IiIh 
native  country,  anil   followcnl   it   for  thirty-one 


years  in  (iermany  and  the  United  States.  He  has 
been  engaged  in  Minneapolis  since  ISTS.  and  is  at 
present,  located  at  No.  304  Ilcnni'iiin  Avenue. 
Married  Rosina  Flad.  June.  1861.  They  have 
two  children.  Anna  ('.  and  (ieorge  J. 

A.  M.  Alden,  was  born  in  Cortland  county, 
Xew  York.  October  24th.  1838.  At  the  age  of 
twelve,  moved  with  jiarents  to  McIIenry  county, 
Illinois.  In  1855,  came  to  Minnesota  and  settled 
in  Fillmore  county,  and  engaged  in  faiming  there 
and  in  Dodge  county  until  1863.  Thence  to 
Olmsted  county,  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  busi- 
ness until  1866,  then  to  Fillmore  county  again, 
engaging  in  a  general  merchandise  business  until 
1872.  when  he  moved  to  !Minneai>olis  and  en- 
gaged in  the  grocery  and  crockery  trade  until 
1880,  when  he  retired  for  the  piirimsi-  of  looking 
after  his  pro])erty.  ^Married  in  1860,  to  Maria 
Shedd.  of  Xew  Hampshire.  They  have  five  chil- 
dren. Fli'/.abeth  K..  Wm.  A.,  Jennie  M.,  Bertha 
F.,  Edwin  M.  Ilis  wife  died  in  1871.  Married 
for  second  wife,  Mrs.  H.  E.  Pardee,  of  Elgin, 
Illinois.  They  have  had  four  cliildren.  two  now 
living;  Lyman  8.  and  Harriet  M. 

Z.  O.  Allen,  born  in  Washington  county,  Maine, 
June  7th,  1859.  Came  to  Minneapolis,  in  July, 
1878,  engaging  in  several  dilTcrcnt  branches  of 
business  until  August,  1880,  when  he  bought  an 
interest  in  the  meat  market  located  at  717  Wash- 
ington Avenue  south:  lirm  name.  Harberand  Com- 
])any. 

J.  C.  Allworlh.  Proprietor  of  the  Alhvorth 
House,  located  <at  llSSecond  street  south.  Itis  a 
two-storv  building  with  thirteen  rooms,  with  the 
ollice.  bar,  dining-room  and  kitchen  on  the  lirst 
Moor,  and  the  parlor  on  the  second  ilonr. 

James  M.  Allan  was  born  in  Montreal,  Canada, 
February  11th.  1843.  In  1857,  moved  with  his 
l)arents  to  Ippcr  Canada.  In  1S6(I  moved,  and 
lived  at  Fort  Atkinson.  Iowa,  oiu' year,  then  to 
Decorah  and  learned  the  blacksmith  trade,  En- 
lislerl.  in  1863.  in  the  Forty-sixth  Iowa  Infantry, 
and  went  to  Tenni'ssi'e,  and  was  discharged  at 
Davenport.  September  23d,  1868.  In  1872  went 
to  .Montana  and  engaged  in  mining  and  i>ros- 
pecting.  Moved  the  same  year  to  .\Iinneai)olis 
and  worked  six  years  for  H.  1$.  Langdon  &  Com- 
jiany.  Was  appointed  on  the  ])olice  force  in 
.March.  Is7ii.  which  position  he  has  sini-c  liclil. 
Married  November  Mth.  1865,  to  .Marv  K.  .Mead- 


BIOOBAPHICAL. 


503 


ow.    They  have  had  three  chiUhen;  one  now  liv- 
ing—Leon L. 

Andrew  Anderson  was  lioni  in  Norway,  Jan- 
uary 22d,  1845.  Came  to  tlie  United  States  in 
ISfifi.  and  settled  in  Iowa,  where  he  worked  on 
a  farm  for  two  years.  Moved  to  Hastings.  Min- 
nesota, in  1868,  and  worked  three  years  on  a 
farm  and  in  a  saw  mill.  Came  to  ^Minneapolis 
in  1871,  and  opened  a  saloon,  wliieli  he  continued 
for  one  year,  tlien  worked  at  coopering  three  years, 
and  is  now  located  at  No.  1225,  Fifth  street  south, 
in  saloon  business.  Married  Miss  Clara  Ander- 
son; they  have  one  child,  Louisa. 

C.  H.  Anderson,  l)oni  in  ,Sweden.  Moved  to 
the  United  States  and  settled  in  Minneapolis  in 
1872,  where  he  worked  for  six  months  in  a  meat 
market,  then  engaged  for  the  Minneapolis  and 
St.  Louis  Railroad  Company  until  1877,  when  he 
made  a  trip  to  his  old  home  in  Sweden,  remain- 
ing there  for  nine  months,  when  he  returned  to 
Minneapolis  and  engaged  in  the  clothing  l)nsiness 
until  the  spring  of  1880,  when  he  engaged  in  the 
wood  trade  on  tlie  corner  of  Washington  Avenue 
and  Sixtli  Avenue  south. 

C.  P.  Anderson,  born  ui Sweden,  in  1836.  Came 
to  America  in  1866,  and  worked  in  Chicago  four 
months,  thence  to  Red  Wing,  Minnesota,  work- 
ing six  months ;  then  to  Wisconsin,  working  at 
his  trade,  carpentering,  for  two  years,  thence  to 
Lake  City,  keeping  boarding  house  and  saloon 
five  months;  then  to  Buryngton,  Iowa,  working 
at  his  trade  for  two  years,  thence  to  New  Ulm, 
Minnesota,  in  1872,  for  a  short  time,  and  to  Min- 
neapolis, working  at  his  trade  until  1878,  when 
he  established  his  present  business  at  1421. 
Washington  Avenue  South. 

W.  P.  Ankeny,  deceased,  was  born  at  Somer- 
set, Pennsylvania,  October  4th,  1821,  died  at 
Minneapohs,  December  20th,  1877.  In  early  life 
he  was  the  publisher  of  a  newspaper  in  his  native 
town,  also  in  mercantile  business,  and  liolding 
the  position  of  postmaster.  He  went  to  Califor- 
nia during  the  excitement  attending  tlie  opening 
of  that  state,  and  engaged  successfully  in  the 
stock  business.  On  his  return  east  lie  engaged 
in  running  a  steam  tannery.  In  1857  Mr.  An- 
keny came  to  Miiiueaiiolis,  and  from  that  time 
until  he  was  confined  to  his  room  by  illness,  was 
closely  identified  with  the  material  growth,  and 
political  interests  of  this  city.    He  built  a  saw 


mill  at  the  Falls  in  company  with  a  Mr.  Clement 
and  Mr.  Robinson  of  this  city.  They  continued 
to  do  a  lucrative  business  until  1872,  wlieii  he 
was  joined  in  the  lumbering  business  by  his 
brother,  A.  T.  Ankeny.  He  liuilt  the  Galaxy 
mill,  in  1871,  which  was  burned  and  rebuilt,  and 
\\eu\  (Itiwn  in  the  explosion  of  1878.  He  served 
as  coiincilinan  for  the  sixth  ward,  and  in  the  fall 
of  1861,  was  elected  senator  for  the  27th  district. 
He  was  largely  interested  in  the  Minneapolis 
and  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  building  of  the 
Minneapolis  Harvester  Works.  Was  mainly  in- 
strumental ill  starting  the  first  Ihiilding  and  Loan 
^Vssociatioii  in  the  city,  and  was  at  one  time  its 
president.  The  many  enterprises  he  was  en- 
gaged in  furnished  at  all  times  employment  for 
a  large  nunilier  of  men.  His  son,  W.  S.  Ankeny, 
now  occupies  a  responsible  position  at  the  Gal- 
axy mill. 

A.  T.  Ankeny  was  born  at  Somerset,  Pennsyl- 
vania, December  27th,  1887.  Received  his  edu- 
cation at  Hiram,  Oliio,  and  at  Jefferson  College, 
Cannonsburg,  Pennsylvania.  Studied  law  with 
John  D.  Ruddy,  at  Somerset,  and  completed  his 
studies  in  the  othce  of  Hon.  J.  S.  Black,  Attorney 
General  of  the  United  States,  at  Washington,  D. 
C.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  April  1st,  1861. 
In  February,  1862,  on  the  accession  of  Hon.  E. 
M.  Stanton  to  the  War  Department,  was  appoint- 
ed by  him  to  a  position  in  the  Quartermaster 
General's  office,  and  held  the  same  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  tlien  resumed  the  practice  of  law 
at  Somerset,  and  for  a  time  was  connected  with 
one  of  the  banks  at  that  place.  Came  to  Minne- 
apolis in  the  spring  of  1872,  and  became  associ- 
ated witli  liis  brother,  \V.  P.  Ankeny,  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  lumber.  In  1S74,  the  liriii  liiiilt  the 
Galaxy  flouring  mill.  Continned  in  tlie  lumber 
business  until  1877,  at  that  time  resuming  the 
practice  of  law,  whicli  lie  lias  since  continued 
successfully.  Mr.  Ankeny  was  married  at 
Wheeling,  West  Virginia,  May  2il,  isdi,  to  Miss 
Maltha  V.  Moore,  daughter  of  John  .Moore,  long 
identified  with  the  interests  of  Wheeling.  Tliey 
are  the  parents  of  five  children  :  Florence,  Rob- 
bie, Nellie,  Mattie,  ami  Sallie.  Hc^sidence  on 
Western  Avenue,  on  flic  bluffs  outside  of  the 
city  limits,  whei'e  he  owns  forty  acres  of  land, 
portions  of  it  hemg  very  desu'able  residence  prop- 
erty. 


504 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY, 


John  F.  Appleby  boni  at  WliiteslHuoiigh,  Onei- 
da county.  Xcw  York.  When  live  years  of  age 
came  with  his  parents  to  Wisconsin,  and  was 
reared  on  a  farm.  Enlisted  in  1862  in  the  Twen- 
ty-third Wisconsin  regiment,  and  served  until 
liononihly  discharged  July  4th,  1865,  at  Mobile, 
Alabama.  During  his  tenn  of  service  ho  invent- 
ed the  repeating  magazine  lire-arm.  while  at  the 
siege  of  Vicksburg,  which  he  sold  to  Thomas  W. 
Lane  of  Boston.  Massachusetts.  After  his  re- 
turn home  he  engaged  in  farming  until  18()8,  dur- 
ing which  time  he  completed  the  "Appleby  Twine- 
binder."  patent  issued  in  1869, and  has  since  then 
received  i)atents  on  sevei-al  different  binders;  also 
patents  (in  self-rakes  and  rcaixMs.  the  latter  known 
as  the  "Appleby  Heaper."  Came  to  Minneaiiolis 
in  March,  1880.  and  arrangeil  wilb  llic  Miinieapo- 
lis  IlaiTester  AVorks  to  manufacture  liis  twine- 
binders,  engaging  with  llie  coniiiauy  as  mechanical 
superintendent  of  their  works.  He  completed 
hLs  binder  at  Ik'loit.  Wisconsin,  where  they  are 
still  manufactured.  They  are  also  manufactured 
at  I'lano.  Illimiis.  Excelsior  Works,  Miamisburg' 
Uhio.  an<l  at  Whitewater.  AVisconsin.  Mr.  Ap- 
pleby was  married  at  ^lazo  Manie,  Wisconsin,  in 
1847.  to  Miss  A.  I).  Spink.  Tliey  have  three 
chiI<lr<Mi,  Huby  (i..  .].  I'ercy  and  John  Koy. 

A.  R.  Archibald.  I'rincipal  and  proprietor  of 
ArchibaUrs  Ibisiiiess  .\cademy.  A  nativeof  New 
England,  (iraibiated  at  Darluiouth  college.  New 
Hampshire,  and  came  West  to  take  charge  of  the 
Stevens  Seminary,  (ilencoe,  Miimesota,  filling  the 
position  ac<'eptalily  until  the  fall  of  1876,  when 
he  became  commandant  of  tlie  MinneajxiHs  Mili- 
tary Academy.  In  the  fall  of  1877,  opened  tlie 
l)re,8cnl  inHtitiition  to  meet  Die  wants  of  young 
jM'opJe  coming  into  the  city,  whose  education  was 
limited.  At  lirst  tlie  outlook  for  success  was 
poor,  but  at  the  close  of  tlie  year  twenty  names 
were  enrolled.  Since  then,  the  business  has  de- 
veloped in  spite  of  ojiposition.  and  at  present  the 
enrollment  nnmbei-ssixtv  names  with  a  jirospect 
of  twenty  more  during  the  year.  Young  men 
and  wonien  from  the  countr>' and  city  who  have 
not  the  time  for  a  full  course,  here  lind  just  what 
Ih  ne<-(h-d  to  prepare  them  for  the  practical  pur- 
snits  of  life. 

Silou  .\rmstroug  was  born  at  Sutton.  New 
llamiishire.  .May  l.'.lli.  is;i|.  Attendeil  the  Wes- 
levan  fniversity  at  Mid<lletown,('onnectieiit.  four 


years,  then  read  law  with  George  and  Foster, 
Concord,  New  Hampshire,  untD  1857,  when  he 
came  to  St.  Anthony  and  continued  his  studies 
with  Lawrence  and  Lochren,  until  the  fall  of 
1857;  admitted  to  the  bar  the  same  ye;u',  also 
elected  justice  of  the  peace.  lIcUl  the  dtlice  till 
1864,  when  he  entered  the  government  service  in 
in  the  quartermaster's  deiiarlment  one  year,  mak- 
ing a  trip  across  the  plains  with  Col.  Thomas's 
expedition.  He  then  went  into  the  office  of  Todd, 
(Jordon  and  Co.,  till  1870.  when  he  was  appointed 
by  the  city  council,  city  justice  and  clerk,  which 
offices  he  held  until  the  Tmity  of  the  two  cities, 
when  the  office  was  abolished.  He  called  a  meet- 
ing of  the  lii-st  coimcil  for  the  union  of  the  two 
cities.  He  then  entered  the  Zenith  lloin'ing  mill 
office  as  book-keeper,  till  1877,  then  purchased  the 
old  City  Mill,  after  which  Mr.  M.  J5.  Rollins  be- 
<'ame  associated  and  they  continued  till  the  spring 
of  1878.  In  company  with  Mr.  C.  Noble  bought 
the  grocery  interest  of  O.  T.  S  wett  and  is  at  present 
located  in  Masonic  block.  University  Avenue 
ICast  Ui\ision.  ^Ir.  ^Vrmstrong  was  a  member  of 
the  city  council  from  1S7;!  to  1878  and  president 
the  last  two  years.  Was  married  in  Minneapolis 
February.  1S74.  to  Mrs.  Sarah  H.  Ttedfield,  who 
(lied  April  14tli.  1S79.  Has  tlireecliildren  living, 
Bessie  P.,  Solon  and  Josejih. 

J.  H.  Arnell  was  born  in  Orange  county.  New 
York,  February  2iitli.  18;{6.  Came  to  JSlinueapo- 
lis  May  lOth,  1857,  and  worked  at  his  trade,  har- 
ness-making, for  AVilliam  Murphy.  In  1858,  went 
into  business  for  himself,  as  one  ol  the  i)ioneers 
in  the  harness  business.  At  lliat  time  tlicre  were 
but  two  other  shoiis  in  .Minneapolis.  His  lirst 
liartner  was  .Jolin  Ciinoxcr.  wild  soil!  out  in  1860, 
leaving  him  alone.  In  1862.  he  enlisted  in  the 
Second  Minnesota  Battery,  serving  nearly  three 
years.  Was  discharged  from  the  hospital  at 
Nashville,  Teimessee.  lietiuning  to  Alinneapo- 
lis,  he  resumed  his  nld  business.  August,  1874, 
he  joined  in  partnership  with  L.  Christlieb,  and 
has  continued  busiiu'ss  with  him  since.  Was 
married  to  Francis  I'eet.  of  .Minncaiiolis,  Septem- 
ber L':!d.  is?  I.  TlicN  have  two  cliililrcn:  I'aul  H. 
and  .Mabel. 

I!.  Aronson.  born  in  Sweden.  December  1st, 
1815.  AVas  raised  on  a  farm  until  twenty-one 
years  of  age.  when  he  learned  the  trade  of  mason, 
whicli  he  has  followed  constantly  since.     Came  to 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


505 


America  in  1867,  and  located  in  Minnesota,  and 
commenced  work  for  tlie  Sioux  City  Railroad, 
building  bridge  foundations.  Worked  in  Scott 
county  one  season,  and  came  to  MiimeapDlis  in 
1872.  Worked  for  George  McMullen  in  1872, 
working  for  himself  alone  until  the  lirm  of  Pat- 
terson and  Aronson  was  establisheil,  in  1S77. 
They  now  employ  from  twenty  to  tliirty  men. 

John  Ariioldy  was  Ixirn  in  New  I'hu,  Brown 
county,  Minnesota,  September  4th,  1860,  where 
he  was  brought  up  to  tlie  harness-making  trade, 
and  worked  until  1877,  when  he  came  to  Minne- 
apolis, and  worked  for  leading  firms  in  the  city 
until  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Andrew  Keim 
in  1880,  and  located  at  120  Plymouth  Aventie. 

Peter  Arnoldy,  born  in  Germany,  March  1st, 
1849,  and  raised  on  a  farm.  Came  to  America  in 
March,  1872,  stopping  a  short  time  in  Chicago 
and  New  Ulm,  and  reached  jNIinueapolis  in  No- 
vember, 1872.  Is  a  cabinet-maker  l>y  trade,  and 
by  his  industry  and  skill  has  l)uilt  uj)  ([uite  a  large 
business  at  his  present  place,  1503  Washington 
Avenue  south.  Was  married  in  1875,  to  Lucy 
Breyen,  of  Germany.  Tliey  liave  two  children  : 
Herman  J.  and  Jolm  JI. 

K.  Aslesen  was  born  in  Norway,  DecemberOth, 
1853.  Came  to  America  with  his  parents  wlio 
settled  in  Houston  county,  Minnesota,  in  1857, 
where  he  remained  until  1867,  when  he  moved 
to  Brownsville.  Soon  after,  moved  to  Lansing, 
Iowa,  where  he  worked  as  clerk  in  a  grocery  for 
six  years.  Thence  to  New  Albin,  engaging  in 
general  mercantile  business  until  March,  1879, 
when  he  moved  to  Miiuieapolis  and  became  one 
of  the  firm  of  Aslesen  Bros,  in  a  general  grocery 
trade  at  511  Washington  Avenue  south.  In 
April,  1880,  he  bought  his  brother's  interest  in 
the  concern  and  has  since  continued  alone. 

F.  xV.  Atwater  was  born  in  Burlington,  \'er- 
mont,  in  1830,  where  he  conducted  a  liotel  for 
several  years.  Moved  to  Illinois  in  1857,  and  in 
187.'^  to  Delano,  Minnesdta,  where  lie  engaged  in 
the  clothing  business.  September  1st,  1880,  he 
bought  the  Clark  House,  located  corner  Fourth 
street  and  Hennepin  Avenue,  100x1  ]«  feet,  four 
stories  high,  eighty  rooms.  Otlice,  dining-room, 
billiard  hall,  bar  and  mercantile  sample  rooms  on 
the  ground  floor.  Rece])tion  roiim  and  parlors  on 
second  floor.  A  conveniently  arranged  and  well 
conducted  house.     Mr.  Atwater  manied  Miss 


Naomi  N.  Bradley,  June  16th,  1856.  They  have 
four  children— Stella  C,  Fanny,  Edward  and 
Hubbard. 

Ezra  II.  Austin,  born  at  Ilogansburgh,  New 
York,  April  4th,  1844.  At  the  age  of  twelve 
went  to  work  in  the  Ilowland  mills  at  Wadding- 
ton,  New  York,  where  he  remained  until  1860, 
when  he  went  to  Williamsl)urgh,  New  York, 
and  run  a  mill.  August  lUh,  1861,  enlisted 
in  the  One  hundred  and  second  New  York 
Volunteers,  and  serveil  with  the  I'eginient 
tlu-ough  the  war;  mustered  out  June,  1865,  cjinie 
to  Winona,  Minnesota,  in  1807,  and  run  the 
"Glen  mills"  for  two  years;  moved  to  Wasioja, 
in  the  "Star  mills"  two  years;  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1870,  was  with  the  Washburn  A  mill  eigh- 
teen months,  the  Pillsbury  twelve  months,  and  in 
Wisconsin  six  months;  went  into  the  Palisade 
mill  in  1873,  and  has  been  there  since.  Married 
Miss  JNIary  Fleener,  March  4th, 1870.  They  have 
one  child  living,  Etta  H. 

E.  C.  Babb  was  born  in  Westbrook,  Maine, 
February,  1834,  where  he  followed  hmiberiug 
until  1857,  then  moved  to  Berlin  Falls,  New 
Ilampsliire,  and  continued  the  linnber  business 
until  1862,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  New 
Hampshire  'S'olunteers;  served  as  non-connnis- 
sioned  oflicei-  three  months,  was  promoted  Second 
Lieutenant.  In  1863,  was  promoted  Fust  Lieu- 
tenant, and  Captain  in  1864;  was  liomirably 
discliarged  June,  1865;  speculated  in  oil  in 
Canada  two  years;  came  to  Miiuieapolis  in  1868, 
and  engaged  in  lumbering  until  the  fall  of  1875; 
since  then  has  l)een  in  the  ice  Ijusiucss:  proprie- 
tor of  tlie  JSIinneapolis  Ice  Com]ian\.  until  the 
formation  of  the  Cedar  Lake  Ice  Company  in  1878. 
Was  married  at  Berlin  Falls,  New  Hampshire, 
August.  1862,  to  .Miss  L.  Chandler,  of  that  iilace. 

Ernest  and  Bernard  ISachner,  twin  lirothers, 
were  born  in  Prussia,  February  1st,  1844.  They 
learned  the  gunsmith  trade  in  their  native  <'oun- 
try,  and  in  18G5,  came  to  America,  landing  at 
Baltimore.  Ernest  .secured  a  pdsilicm  in  a  gnu 
manufiictory  at  Washington,  1).  ('.,  and  Bernaid 
came  west,  securing  a  i)osition  at  KauClaire, Wis- 
consin. They  remained  in  tlieii  ics|)ective  pla(;es 
about  a  year,  and  then  nict  by  apjiointment  at 
Minneapolis;  since  llicu  Ihey  have  been  identi- 
fied with  the  interests  of  this  city.  For  descrip- 
tion of  Inisiness,  see  other  portions  of  tliis  work. 


506 


JUSTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


S.  Harlan  IJaker.  civil  engliiofr.  office  101  Cen- 
tral Avenue,  was  born  lifty  miles  west  of  Phila- 
(lelpliia.  Pennsylvania,  May  30tli,  1846.  He  fol- 
lowetl  farniiiif:  at  home  till  ISfi').  when  lie  entered 
the  Stiite  Xornial  school,  at  Millersville.  I'enn- 
sylvania,  anil  gi-adnated  in  the  fall  of  1867,  after 
which  he  lay  sick  for  two  years.  In  1S()0  came 
west  for  his  health  and  located  in  Minneapolis. 
In  the  spring  of  l.s7<i.  went  railroad  surveying 
under  Colonel  Clough,  remained  a  shoit  lime 
and  engaged  on  Government  survey  on  ilic  line 
of  the  Northern  I'acilic  Kailroad.  where  he 
remained  until  the  sjiring  of  1872,  when  he 
opened  his  pre.sent  office.  In  1S7()  was  elected 
county  surveyor,  and  served  two  terms.  Mar- 
ried in  Minneapolis,  Novemher.  187-5,  to  Miss 
Laura  Mixer.    They  have  one  child.  Jessie  . 

Ceorge  Bagley,  a  native  of  London,  Englan  d 
Wiis  horn  .March  17th.  18.50.  At  the  age  of  two, 
lie  moved  with  parents  to  Kingston.  Canada,  and 
settled  on  a  farm.  When  .seventeen,  he  began 
an  apjirenticesliip  at  the  confectioners'  trade  in 
I/indon.  Canada,  and  served  three  years.  In 
1S7:J  he  removed  to  Chicago  where  he  worked  at 
his  trade  until  1878,  when  he  came  to  this  city, 
esUil)lished  a  candy  manufactory,  and  has  since 
n>mained  in  that  business,  now  located  at  816 
Nicollet  Avenue.  He  married  Mary  liurge  of 
Chii-agii.  December  2oth,  1874.  They  have  one 
child.  Kttie  tola. 

Miner  Hall  was  born  December  loth.  1838.  at 
Jlerne.  Albany  county,  New  Vork.  Heinained 
on  farm  until  the  age  of  sixteen;  ciime  to  Min- 
nesota in  1H.')7.  and  lived  at  Caledonia  one  year, 
thence  to  .St.  I'aul.  anil  in  \x')'.>  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business  at  Hockford,  Wright  county,  be. 
ing  the  only  trader  there.  In  isiil  sold  out  and 
came  t<i  .Minneapolis  and  bought  a  pliolograpli 
gallery  of  Charles  Itobinson.  and  conducted  it  un- 
til the  following  spring,  when  he  sold  out  and 
moved  to  Lake  City  and  oi>ened  the  ginseng 
trade.  In  18<i;(.  nioved  to  .Menonionee,  Dunn 
county.  Wisconsin,  and  run  a  livery  stable,  store 
anri  farm  for  three  years,  'i'hen  retinricd  to 
l<<M'kfor<l.  and  wi'Ut  into  trade.  liuilt  a  saw  mill 
opiHisite  (ireenwood  and  run  it  two  years:  it 
bunied  and  he  moved  to  Delano  anil  built  the 
Delano  Flour  and  .Saw  Mills;  remained  thereun- 
til 18711,  and  was  fiireniosi  in  building  uj)  the 
town.    Came  to  MinneajKiliH  in  November,  1870, 


and  entered  into  real  estate  and  commission 
bnsmess.  In  1880.  sold  his  Delano  property  and 
in  the  fall  opened  a  real  estate  oflice  in  the  Clark 
House.  Was  married  I^bruary  18th,  18(;2,  to 
Miss  Kate  P.  Powers,  of  (ireenwood.  Their 
children  are  Willie  F.,  Robert  Leslie.  Ruth  A., 
Frank  1'..  and  Firman  G.  Mrs.  Ball  died  De- 
cember 17th,  187-5.  and  Mr.  Ball  married  for  his 
second  wife  ^Irs.  Sallie  W.  .lackson,  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, July  16th,  1879.    She  had  one  daughter, 

Viola  Jackson. 

* 

Daniel  H.  Barl)er  was  born  at  Benson,  Ver- 
mont, in  IMS.  lived  with  his  father  on  the  farm 
until  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  when  he 
embarked  in  mercantile  life,  which  he  followed 
for  thirteen  years,  twelve  of  which  he  was  post- 
master. In  18-56  he  closed  his  business  in  Ben- 
son, and  came  W'est,  locating  at  the  then  small 
town  of  St.  Anthony  Falls.  For  several  years 
his  business  was  dealing  in  real  estate  and  loaning 
money,  large  sums  of  which  were  intrusted  to 
him  by  Eastern  parties,  and  on  wliich  he  never 
met  with  a  loss.  He  assessed  the  towni  and  city 
foreleven  years. and  was  once  census  enumerator. 
In  1S72  he  bought  the  ("atarait  .Mill  (described 
elsewhere  in  this  work),  which  he  has  ojierated 
successfully  since.  Mr.  Barber  was  married  in 
February,  184-5,  at  Orwell,  ^'ermont,  to  Miss  El- 
len L.  Bottum,  with  whom  he  has  since  lived. 
The  fruits  of  this  union  arc:  -lulia  B.,  born  in 
May.  1S4(),  and  Edwin  K..  born  in  November, 
1.S.5;;.  In  Augu.st,  1865,  Miss  Julia  was  married 
t<i  .1.  Wells  (}ardner,  of  this  city,  who  died  in 
San  Fiancisco.  California,  in  187(>.  I'^dwin  B. 
married  ,\liss  Ilattie  K.  Sidle,  a  daughter  of  H. 
G.  Sidle,  banker,  in  Ortnbcr.  ls7:i.  TIicn  are 
now  living  at  11  South  Seventh  street.  IJolli 
I'Mwiii  and  .Mrs.  (Jardner  are  iiartTiers  with  their 
father  in  llu-  mill.  .MliT  the  death  of  Mr.  (Jard- 
ner.  Mr.  ami  .Mrs.  Uinbir  liK  the  home  they  had 
built  up  and  oc(ii|iiiil  lor  i\\(iil\-one  years,  cor- 
ner Fourth  street  and  .Sccdud  .\ venue  south,  and 
now  live  with  their  daughlcr  at  Second  Avenue 
south  between  I'outIIi  and  Fillli  streets. 

Ed.  C.  Barber  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
Illinois,  June  1st.  Islli,  and  was  brought  up  in 
his  native  state,  and  worked  foin-  years  in  the 
]>ost-office  at  Cairo;  al.so  engaged  as  mail  agent 
on  mail  train  for  eight  years.  After  some  time 
HlKJUt   in  various  oilier  pursuits,  he  came  to  Min- 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


507 


neapolis  in  July,  1880,  and  started  a  meat-market 
at  1224  Western  Avenue.  Manieil  in  1S71.  Pres- 
ent family,  wife  and  one  boy. 

Charles  S.  Bardwell  was  born  in  Ilampsliire 
county.  Massachusetts.  November  liltli.  183(5. 
Lived  witli  his  parents  on  the  farm  until  the  age 
of  eighteen,  wlien  lie  came  to  St.  Paul,  Miinieso- 
ta,  and  at  once  went  to  work  in  a  sasli  factory, 
remaining  but  a  few  months  ;  then  went  to  Ex- 
celsior, and  engaged  in  carpentering  until  1863. 
Enlisted  the  following  fall  in  the  Second  Miinie- 
sota  Cavalry,  serving  two  years  and  one  month. 
Was  on  the  frontier  among  the  Indians,  near  the 
Bad  Lands,  and  engaged  in  numerous  conllicts 
with  the  red-skins.  Was  discharged  in  the  fall  of 
186.5,  and  returned  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged 
as  foreman  with  J.  Copelandand  Company,  in  the 
sash,  door  and  blind  business.  Remained  with 
them  six  years.  In  the  fall  of  1872,  went  into 
business  with  L.  C.  Bisbee.  Sold  out  in  1875, 
and  moved  to  his  present  location.  Married  Miss 
Eliza  Green,  in  1858,  who  died  May  8th,  1864. 
Mr.  Bardwell  has  one  son,  who  is  now  in  the  senior 
year  at  the  university.  In  1867  he  was  married 
again,  to  Miss  Nettie  Jenks,  who  died  in  1872. 
They  had  one  child,  Lamont  J. 

D.  n.  Barker  was  born  in  Cumberland  county, 
Maine,  March  1st,  1844.  In  1S62  lie  located  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  engaged  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness. Came  to  Minneapolis  in  I860,  and  followed 
lumbering  seven  years.  Started  a  meat  market 
and  route  in  1872,  on  Central  Avenue,  E.  D., 
where  he  continued  until  he  was  burned  out,  ui 
January,  1879.  Next  opened  at  his  present  loca- 
tion, where  he  is  doing  a  growing  business  in 
meats,  salt  and  fresh,  canned  goods,  fish  and  oys- 
ters, at  No.  717  Washmgton  Avenue  soutli.  Mar- 
ried in  1870,  to  Miss  Katie  Lammer.  Tlicy  have 
three  children:     Nettie,  Gracie,  and  Ivhia. 

S.  Barker,  born  in  Hipley  county,  Indiana,  Au- 
gust 16th,  1844.  Came  to  this  city  in  1866,  and 
worked  four  years  in  a  saw-mill,  as  millwright, 
and  has  assisted  in  liuilding  nearly  all  the  mills 
in  the  city,  and  hasalso  worked  at  repairing.  For 
the  past  three  and  a  half  yeare,  has  been  with 
Pillsbury  exclusively,  as  a  mill-wright.  Married 
Rachel  Jerman.  November  17th.  1868.  They 
have  three  children  :  Warren  E.,  Williaiii  E..  and 
Mary. 

Jacob  Barge,  is  a  native  of  Germany,  born  in 


1839.  Established  business  in  Minneapolis  in 
1863.  First  year's  business  was  two  thousand 
dollars.  In  1880  it  amounted  to  thirty  thousand 
dollars.  Mr.  Barge  is  at  present  one  of  the  alder- 
men of  the  city.  Married  Miss  Ijouisa  Gessart. 
They  have  two  children:  Louisa  and  Emma. 

Thomas  G.  Barnard,  of  the  furniture  manufac- 
turing firm  of  Barnard  and  Cojie,  was  born  in 
1826,  at  Charlotte  Town,  Prince  Edward  Island. 
Remained  there  until  the  age  of  nineteen,  when 
he  went  to  Boston  and  learned  tlie  cabinet  ma- 
kers trade.  After  this,  worked  four  years  in  Bos- 
ton. Thence  to  Norway,  Oxford  county,  Maine, 
engaging  in  the  manufacture  of  furniture  for 
five  years.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1857,  and 
engaged  in  the  furniture  business.  His  ripe  ex- 
perience, covering  a  period  of  thirty  years,  has 
made  his  present  establishment  one  of  the  insti- 
tutions of  the  city.  Mr.  Barnard  has  a  pleasant 
home  where  he  resides  witli  his  family,  on  Tenth 
street,  corner  of  Mary  Place. 

E.  G.  Barnaby  was  born  in  Montreal,  Canada, 
in  1839.  He  remained  there  for  sixteen  years, 
then  he  moved  to  Chatham,  ('anada  West,  where 
he  remained  till  1857,  thence  to  New  York  city, 
entering  the  mercantile  establishment  of  Lord 
and  Taylor,  where  he  remained  until  1863.  He 
then  went  to  Memphis,  Tennessee,  engaging  in 
business  about  a  year.  During  the  same  year, 
took  charge  of  a  dry  goods  house  where  he  re- 
mained till  Jilay,  1867,  and  then  started  a  gents' 
furnishing  store  under  the  Overton  Hotel,  and 
in  1872,  started  another  store  in  the  same  line, 
under  the  Peabody  Hotel.  He  continued  busi- 
ness till  1879,  when  he  came  (o  Minneapolis  and 
opened  a  gents"  furnishing  store,  at  No.  2,  Nicol- 
let House  block.  Was  married  in  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  March,  1865,  to  Miss  Mary  Finley. 
They  have  three  children :  Carrie,  Minnie  A., 
and  Mary  B. 

John  T.  Baiiiuni.  nl'  the  lirm  (it  Kiiniiini  and 
Goodrich,  tniiiU  luiuiufacturers,  was  born  at 
Kochester,  New  York,  March  5th,  1857.  Re- 
ceived his  education  at  the  liensselaer  Polytech- 
nic si'liniil,  Troy.  New  York,  in  1879  and  remained 
in  Rochester  one  year.  Came  Id  .Minneapolis  in 
■Ajiril  1880,  was  with  1).  1).  Whitney  in  his  trunk 
factory.  September  1st,  1880,  took  possession  of 
the  business  in  company  with  Mr.  Goodrich. 

E.    C.   Barrows    was    born  in  Orino,   Maine, 


508 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


March  29th.  1832.  He  was  reared  in  the  lumber 
region  of  that  state:  after  reaching  maiiliood,  en- 
gaged in  that  luisiness  until  lS5o.  when  lie  moved 
from  tlie  -IMne  Tree  State"  and  came  direct  to 
St.  Antliony.  He  at  once  entered  the  ranks  as  a 
lumberman,  first  for  1) wight.  AVoodbury  and 
Company,  in  building  a  mill  and  dam  at  St. Fran- 
cis, above  Anoka,  on  tlie  Hum  river.  In  IMis  lie 
formed  a  partnership  with  Jonatliaii  Chase,  in 
the  winter  of  1869-"70.  he  and  his  brother  be- 
came partners,  the  firm  known  as  "  Barrows 
Bros."'  For  several  years  Ihey  did  job  work  for 
J.  Dean  and  Company,  during  which  time  they 
accumuhited  quite  a  stock  of  logs,  which  they 
were  two  years  in  converting  into  lumber.  In 
March.  1878,  he  ent«red  the  firm  of  wliich  he  is 
now  a  meml)er.  Merriman,  Harrows  and  Company. 
He  was  married  to  Miss  Sarali  .1.  Swain,  at  Min- 
neapolis. Octolier  2.5th,  18(54.  Tiiey  have  had 
five  children;  four  of  whom  are  now  living;  Nellie. 
Freddie.  Harry,  and  Frankie.  Mrs.  Barrows 
died  in  March,  187.3.  He  remained  a  widower 
until  .March,  1877,  when  he  was  united  to  Mrs. 
Sadie  E.  Jones,  of  Stillwater, 

W.  M.  Barrows,  iHirn  at  Augusta,  Maine,  Sep- 
tember 1st.  1830,  moved  with  his  parents  toOrino, 
Milford  and  Lincoln,  finally  to  Chester,  where  he 
remained  till  ISoo.  following  lumbering.  Moved 
to  Old  Town,  and  remaineil  till  the  fall  of  IK.iG: 
came  to  St.  Antliony  and  for  seven  years  worked 
in  the  woods  winters  ami  on  tlie  river  sum- 
mers. Him  a  freight  train  from  St.  Antliony  to 
St.  I'aul  from  iw;;}  to  isdo.  In  the  fall  of  IM).> 
started  the  lumber  business  with  a  Mr.  SpafTonl. 
under  the  firm  name  of  Barrows  and  SpafTonl  for 
one  year,  then  alone  for  one  year.  In  the  fall  of 
1807  look  as  partner  .\ndrew  Hall,  for  one  year. 
Fall  of  18'iH  the  firm  of  Barrows  Brothers  was 
formed.  Married  \an<-y  Fernold,  July  3d,  1855. 
They  have  six  children.  William  II..  Melviu  P., 
Wyley  !{..  Lydia  F..  Kd.lie  ]'.  and  Jessie. 

(.'.  H.  BateH,  was  born  at  Coliasset,  Ma.ssachii- 
setts.  November  2cttli,  18.'")2.  He  was  educated 
principally  at  Boston.  Massachusetts,  al.so studied 
dentistry  in  the  same  place  and  practiced  his  pro- 
fession then-,  lias  practiced  deiili.stry  eight  years. 
Came  to  .Minneapolis  in  May,  1880.  and  is  now 
permanently  located  at  .327  Nicollet  .Vvcniie. 
Family  consists  of  himself  and  wife. 

John  W.  liates  wiu*  iKirii  in  Brattleboro,  Ver- 


mont, January  5th,  1849,  where  be  lived  for  fotu- 
years,  then  moved  with  parents  to  Troy,  New 
York,  and  remained  about  two  years.  In  1855, 
came  to  Minnesota  with  his  mother  and  settled 
in  St.  Anthony.  From  1868  to  1873  taught  school 
in  Henry  county,  Illinois,  and  from  1873  to  1877 
engaged  in  coopering  at  St.  Joseph.  Missouri. 
Heturiied  to  Minnesota,  and  in  August,  1879,  he 
was  ajipointed  on  the  police  force,  which  position 
he  has  since  held.  His  mother  died  in  1873  in 
this  city. 

A.  L.  Bausman  was  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
March  25th.  1834.  Educated  at  Pittsburg  and 
studied  dentistry  at  the  same  place  for  three 
years.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1856,  and  has 
been  in  continuous  practice  of  his  profession 
since.  The  doctor  is  the  oldest  dentist  in  prac- 
tice in  the  city.  Was  married  to  Miss  Fannie  E. 
.Vbraliam.  of  Minneapolis.  November.  ]8(i3;  she 
dice]  in  isTfi.  Married  again,  January,  1879,  to 
Rebecca  Fenby,  of  St.  Louis.  Tliey  liave  three 
children — Bertha,  (Jeorge  and  Fenby. 

John  Bayer,  proprietor  of  Bayer's  hotel,  located 
at  109  First  skreet  north.  Mr.  Bayer,  was  born 
in  Germany,  in  1831;  came  to  America  in  1854; 
came  to  Minnesota  in  May,  1855,  and  located 
in  Scott  county,  where  he  remained  for  tliree 
years,  thence  to  Wisconsin  and  lived  three  years. 
In  18()1.  enlisted  in  the  First  .Minuesota  Regi- 
ment A'ohmteers;  served  tliiee  \ears.  when  he  re- 
turned to  Scott  county,  and  iciiiaiiicd  until  tlie 
sjiriiig  of  186.5.  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis. 
Married  .\iiiiic  licriidgcn.  July  21st.  1805.  They 
have  five  cliililicn:  .lolm  It.  11..  Lucy,  (ieorge  G., 
Anthony  M.,  and  Frank  .\.  .M. 

James  Baxter,  firm  of  Downs  and  Baxter,  was 
born  in  Westmoreland.  I'jiglaiid.  August  Ktth, 
1835.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  cnmnienced  the 
trade  of  stone  cutler  and  luasun;  caiuc  to  Ame- 
rica in  1854.  and  linislied  liis  trade  in  Chicago, 
where  he  remained  until  18.57.  wlien  lie  caiiie  to 
St.  Paul.  In  ls.5'.i.  went  to  Candlltiui.  Iinllaiia. 
where  he  was  emiiloyeil  as  foicnian  for  iiuanies 
and  cut  stone  used  in  the  Portland  locks,  for  Bar- 
ton, Robinson  and  Company,  contractors  for 
Louisville  and  Portland  canal  and  locks.  In 
18(15,  came  to  .Minneapolis,  and  until  IS77.  was 
eini>loyed  as  foreman  for  R.  B.  Langdoii,  .Sauls- 
l>angli  and  Company,  St.  Anthony  Falls  Water- 
Power  Company,  and  others,  also  took  some  con 


BIOGEAPHICAL. 


509 


tracts  on  his  own  account.  Was  married  at  St. 
Antliony,  November  2d,  18.59,  to  Miss  Catlierine 
Ryan,  of  St.  P.aiil.  They  have  five  children  liv- 
ing; William  ('.,  Mary,  Bridget,  Eleanor  and  Cath- 
erine. 

J.  Flanders  Beaumont,  eye  and  ear  surgeon, 
was  born  in  Freeport,  Illinois,  ^March  29th,  18-59; 
educated  at  Freeport  and  Montrose,  Illinois,  and 
at  Princeton  college.  First  studied  medicine 
with  his  father  Dr.  J.  II.  Beaumont,  and  Dr. 
Constantine  Ilering,  of  Philadelphia.  Pennsylva- 
nia. Graduated  from  the  Hahnemann  Medical  Col- 
lege, of  Philadelphia  in  1876,  with  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  He  next  entered  the  New  York  Ophthal- 
mic Hospital  and  studied  diseases  of  the  eye  and 
ear,  was  afterwards  assistant  surgeon  in  the  same 
hospital.  Was  also  an  attending  physician  of  the 
New  York  Homeopathic  Dispensary.  He  came 
to  Minneapolis  in  August,  1880,  and  confines  his 
practice  solely  to  the  treatment  of  eye  and  ear 
diseases  ;  is  a  member  of  the  American  Ophthal- 
mological  and  Otological  Societies;  Illinois 
Homeopatic  Association,  and  Hennepin  county 
Ilomeopatic  Society.  Dr.  Beaumont  was  mar- 
rieg  in  1878  to  Miss  Ella  .Jenifer,  of  Cincinnati. 
Ohio.    They  have  one  child;  Alice  J. 

Franklin  Beebe,  of  the  law  firm  of  Beebe 
&Rossman,  112  Hennepin  Avenue,  was  born  at 
Lincklaen,  Chenango  county.  New  York,  October 
28th,  182-5.  Remained  with  parents  until  1843, 
attending  O.xford  and  DeRuyter  Academies. 
He  then  entered  the  State  Noiinal  School  at  Al- 
bany, New  York,  and  in  1848  began  the  study  of 
law  at  Truxton,  with  Alanson  Coats,  and  finished 
in  the  office  of  John  Waite  at  Norwich,  New 
York.  Was  admitted  to  practice  in  18-51,  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  .John  Waite,  and 
practiced  law  at  Norwich,  until  the  fall  of  18-55, 
when  he  came  West  and  located  at  Minneapolis 
in  1856.  Opened  an  office  near  the  old  land  office, 
and  soon  after  removed  to  the  building  then 
owned  by  T.  Chambers,  near  the  suspension 
bridge.  Has  since  been  elected  three  times  to 
the  office  of  probate  judge,  in  the  meantime  fol- 
lowing his  profession.  The  present  firm  was 
fonned  in  the  fall  of  1879,  and  is  a  successful 
one.  Was  maiTied  first  in  Norwich,  New  York, 
April,  18-58,  to  Miss  Jjavinia,  daughter  of  Dr. 
James  Thompson,  of  that  city,  who  died  January 
13th,  1868,  leaving  two  daughters  now  living — 


Mary  Frances  and  Harriet  Lavinia.  Mr.  Beebe 
was  married  again  to  Dora  II..  daughter  of  D. 
G.  Thompson,  of  North  Warmouth,  Maine. 
They  have  one  child  now  living — Daniel  G. 

Alonzo  H.  Beal  was  bom  in  Saco,  York  county, 
Elaine,  July  10th,  1833.  When  fourteen  years  of 
age  he  began  studying  photography,  but  left  that 
business  and  went  to  Buffalo  in  1852,  engaging 
in  the  furnishing  busuiess  two  years.  In  1854  he 
returned  to  Maine,  as  a  photographer,  and  has 
continued  as  such  ever  since.  In  April,  18-55,  he 
was  married  to  Ruth  Clark,  of  Ilollis,  Maine. 
They  have  two  children,  Eugene  and  Charles. 
Mr.  Beal  moved  to  Boston,  in  1857,  thence  to  St. 
Anthony  Falls  in  1860.  After  having  made  sev- 
eral attempts  to  get  a  fine  gallery,  each  of  which 
was  destroyed  by  fire,  he  finally  established  him- 
self at  No.  18  South  Fourth  street,  where  he  has 
since  remained  and  prospered. 

Jacob  Becker  was  born  in  Stark  county,  Ohio, 
November  18th,  1841,  and  was  married  to  Eliza- 
beth Moarls,  in  1867.  They  have  had  five  child- 
ren, three  of  whom  are  living— Mary,  Amia  and 
Ida.  Mr.  Becker  enlisted  in  1861  in  the  One 
Hundred  and  Seventh  Ohio  volunteers.  He 
served  one  year  only,  and  removed  from  Wooster, 
Wayne  county,  where  he  at  that  time  lived,  to 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin;  tlience  to  Winona,  St. 
Louis  and  Minneapolis.  Here  he  erected,  in  1873, 
the  Island  Saloon,  and  has  since  been  proprietor. 

S.  N.  Bell  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  was  born 
Jaimary  4th,  1831.  He  married,  in  1854,  Rosetta 
Bowers,  of  New  York.  They  have  six  children: 
Minnie,  Eva,  Carrie,  Milton,  Grant  and  Colfax. 
He  lived  in  Racine,  Wisconsin,  a  number  of  years, 
engaging  in  farming  while  there;  also  after  re- 
moving to  Faribaidt  county,  Minnesota.  In 
1875,  he  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  in  Min- 
neapolis, 416  Nicollet  Avenue,  where  he  is  still 
found. 

Karl  Bendeke,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born 
April  21st,  1841.  After  graduating  from  the 
medical  school  of  Christiana,  Norway,  in  1865,  he 
came  to  the  I'nited  States,  1807.  At  Cliicago  he 
again  graduated  from  the  medical  college  in  1809, 
and  practiced  in  that  city  until  he  removed  to 
Rushford,  Minnesota,  in  1870.  He  practiced 
there  five  years  then  came  to  Minneapolis.  He 
was  married  to  Josephine  Fanske,  fioni  Bergen. 
Norway,  hi  1809. 


510 


HISTOHY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


F.  Benjamin  was  bom  in  Connecticut  in  1839, 
and  at  tlie  age  of  twenly-two  went  to  California  and 
engiiped  in  ininins;  for  two  yeai-s.  when  lie  re- 
turned to  Connecticut.  In  1874  he  came  to  Min- 
neapolis and  opened  a  saloon.  He  aiid  Ella  M. 
Spauldinn  were  married  in  1.S72.  Their  children 
are  Frederick  and  (iracie. 

C.  Henry  Benton,  of  the  lirm  of  Benton.  Ben- 
ton and  Roberts,  attorneys  at  law,  was  bom  at 
LnneiiburKli,  Essex  county,  Vermont,  in  18-11- 
His  i)arents  and  family  moved  to  (iuildhall,  Ver- 
mont, and  the  same  year  his  father  came  west  to 
secure  a  home,  but  soon  died  at  Rockford.  Il- 
linois. In  1800,  C.  H.  entered  the  Vermont 
University  at  Burlington,  and  in  1861  enlisted  in 
the  Fifth  Vermont  volunteers,  being  promoted 
to  first  lieutenant  and  mustered  out  September 
19th.  18t>4.  Soon  after,  he  entered  the  Albany 
law  school,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1801!  and 
commenced  practicing  in  Troy,  '\^ermont.  He 
married  .Miss  Flora  lladley.  who  died  in  isiiil. 
Two  years  later  Mr.  Benton  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis, where  he  wa.s  marriejl  to  Jeanette  Graham  of 
this  city,  who  bore  him  two  children.  Christine 
and  Harry. 

^\■ebste^  Benner  was  bom  in  Lincoln  county, 
Maine.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1870  and  was 
in  the  dnig  business  until  1880,  when  he  origin- 
ated the  .Miniiea]Hilis  Soap  Works.  He  has  a 
partner  in  business,  the  lirm  name  being  Pomeroy 
anil  Benner.  They  make  shipments  throughout 
the  norlli-wesl.  Mr.  Benner  was  iiianied  in 
Maine,  and  has  one  son  living  at  Waldboro,  Lin- 
coln couiilv . 

Col.  R.  C.  Beiiloii  was  l«irn  at  Walerford.  Cale- 
donia countv,  \'eiiiiont.  .May  IHtli,  18.S0.  At 
twenty-one  he  entered  the  I'niversity  of  Ver- 
mont, anil  graduated  with  the  class  of  18.54.  He 
taught  school  at  .lohnson.  \'ennont,  two  yeiirs 
and  was  there  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Is-Vi.  He 
imicliced  law  until  isiil,  when  he  cntcnMl  the 
army  as  captain  of  company"!),"  Fifth  \iiiiioMt 
infantry.  In  ]W2  he  was  promoted  to  the  ollii  e 
of  lieutenant  colonel  of  llic  Ivlcventh  \'eriiiont  and 
nMiiaineil  in  sei-vice  until  lH(i4.  He  jiarticipated 
in  some  of  the  principal  battles,  being  wounded 

.Ii itth.  at  the  batth-  of  Savage  Stat .\fter 

the  war  he  returned  to  \°erniont  ami  again  prac- 
ticed his  profession.  In  lH(i7  he  removed  to  St. 
Albans, \'ermont,  and  in  I  H7.'i  liKviled  in  MimieaiN>- 


lis.  He  w-as  assistant  secretary  of  Vermont  state 
senate  in  18o6-"57,  county  attorney  of  Lamoille 
county  ill  18()0-"61,  and  a  member  of  Vermont 
state  board  of  education  in  1874.  He  married 
Miss  Sara  Leland  in  1856.  Their  children  are, 
Lucy  and  ]Mary.     Two  children  have  died. 

S.  .1.  Bennett,  born  at  iMineral  Point,  "Wiscon- 
sin. He  lived  at  that  place  until  sixteen  years  of 
age,  when  he  went  to  Colorado.  After  spending 
three  years  there  he  returned  to  'Wiseonsiu ; 
thence  to  ^Minnesota,  and  in  1874  settled  in  Min- 
neapolis, engaging  in  the  coopering  business.  He 
married  Xancy  King,  in  1872.  Enlisted,  in  Au- 
gust. 1862,  in  tlie  Twenty-first  Wisconsin,  seiTed 
one  year,  and  was  discharged  for  disaliility. 

A.  Bermann  is  a  Russian  by  birth,  and  was 
born  ^lay  29th,  1853.  He  came  to  Minneapolis 
in  November.  1S70,  and  was  engaged  in  peddling 
until  1880,  when  he  became  a  partner  of  L.  Blou- 
stein.  They  are  now  known  as  the  liiin  of  Ber- 
luanii  and  Bloiistein,  and  deal  in  new  and  second- 
hand goods.     He  was  married  October  lOtli.  1877. 

A.  C.  Berry,  captain  nl'  i)oli<-e.  was  born  Feb- 
ruary 21st.  1830,  at  Pittslield  Maine.  He  settled 
ill  .Minneaiiolis  in  bSOfi,  and  being  a  carpenter,  at 
once  commenced  that  business,  and  continued  in 
it  until  apiiointed  on  the  police  force,  in  1867. 
Since  his  promotion  to  tlie  rank  of  captain,  in 
1877.  he  lias  discharged  his  duties  with  credit  to 
himself  and  to  the  general  satisfaction  of  the 
force  at  his  command.  He  was  married  in  Pe- 
nobscot county.  -Maine,  to  Jennie  M.  Whitcoinl), 
November  3(itli  1S54.  Their  two  children,  Ida 
and  Charles,  liave  died. 

Herman  liidwell  was  born  in  New  York.  March 
2d.  1851.  lie  ciminienccd  in  the  milling  business 
at  (ialesville,  AV'isconsin,  in  1870,  and  remained 
there  live  years ;  then  removed  to  La  Crosse,  re- 
maining four  years.  He  became  a  resident  of 
.Mimieaiiolis  in  .Iiil\.  I.s7ii.  and  and  has  since  been 
engaged  in  milling.  Ills  marriage  with  Lue  Cur- 
tis, occurred  November  7th.  1875.  They  are  the 
jtareiits  of  one  child.  .lulia. 

.John  Berry,  deceaseil.oiie  of  the  pioneers  of  Ileii- 
iiepin  county,  was  boni  in  Buxton  Maine,  in  isoi. 
Was  engaged  in  fanning  and  carpenter  work  iiiilil 
lie  came  to  St.  .\nthony.  in  1.S51,  and  has  followed 
farming  most  of  the  time  since.  He  was  the  lirst 
man  to  raise  a  crop  on  the  west  .side,  having  made 
a  claim  on  section  31,  east  of  Cedai'  Lake,  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


511 


April,  1851,  and  resided  tliere  until  1857,  since 
■whicli  time  lie  has  lived  in  the  city.  Mr.  Uerry 
fell,  while  engaged  in  carpenter  worli  at  Bangor. 
Maine,  and  shattered  Ids  right  arm,  and  by  a 
similar  accident,  twelve  years  since,  liis  riglit  leg 
was  injnred.  He  married  Hannah  Bunl^er,  Feb- 
ruary 12th,  1826.  The  children  living  are  :  ilrs. 
W.  A.  Rowell,  of  this  city,  Mrs.  I).  L.  Paine  of  In- 
dianapolis, Indiana,  and  JNIarli  T.,  surveyor  and 
superintendent  for  Dean  and  Harrison.  !Mrs  Ber- 
ry died  April  2.Sd,  1879.  ]SIr.  Berry  lived  with 
liis  son.  Mark  T.,  imtil  his  deatli,  wliicli  occurred 
in  April,  1881. 

Frederieli  G.  Berry  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  Hen- 
nepin county.  Minnesota,  in  1857.  At  the  age  of 
sixteen  he  commenced  teacliing.  He  entered  the 
State  University  of  Minnesota  in  1874,  and  grad- 
uated after  a  six  years'  course.  In  July,  1880, 
same  year,  he  was  taken  as  book-keeper  in  the 
money  order  department  of  the  ilinneapolis  post- 
office.  He  commenced  studying  law,  in  the 
othce  of  Morrison  and  Fitch,  in  Septeml)er,  1880. 

Jonathan  C.  Berry  was  born  and  lived  in  Bux- 
ton, York  county,  Maine,  until  twelve  yearsof  age' 
when  lie  removed  to  (irove,  Allegany  coimty' 
New  York,  and  learned  blacksniitliing.  He  spen^. 
six  years  in  the  Galena,  Illinois,  lead  mines  ;  then 
staited  for  California,  with  team  and  wagon,  in 
1852,  .and  succeeded  in  reaching  there  August 
27th.  He  engaged  in  teaming  and  niiiung  until 
1854.  During  tliat  year  lie  bouglit  and  run  the 
first  threshing  machine  in  the  state.  He  came  to 
8t.  Anthony  in  1855.  and  purcliased  an  interest  in 
a  plow  factory  and  made  tlie  first  plow  manufac- 
tured in  the  state.  He  was  married  at  White 
Oak  Springs,  Wisconsin,  in  1858,  to  Miss  Amanda 
Beckwitli,  who  was  born  at  Noblesville,  Indiana. 
Tliey  have  two  children  :  Frank  and  Flora. 

E.  L.  Bidwell,  of  tlie  firm  of  Bidwell  and  Com- 
pany, is  a  native  of  Massachusetts,  and  was 
born  Marcii  loth,  1856.  He  liecame  a  resident  of 
Northtield,  Minnesota,  in  1859,  wliere  he  re- 
mained six  years :  then  came  to  Minneapolis, 
where  he  received  liis  education,  and  lias  since 
resided. 

(J.  W.  Bigby  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in  1845, 
and  in  early  life  learned  the  carpenter's  trade 
with  his  father.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1857, 
and  settled  in  Freeborn  county,  where  lie  re- 
mahied  until  July,  1880,  when  he  became  a  citizen 


of  Minneapolis.  He  has  worked  at  his  trade 
iiianx  years,  and  is  well  established  as  a  contract- 
or, builder,  and  cabinet-maker. 

L.  Biggs  was  born  in  Maryland,  February  15th. 
1836.  He  learned  his  trade  as  mill-wright  at 
home,  then  removed  to  Indiana,  where  he  spent 
ten  years.  He  was  wedded  to  Mary  J.  Lynn  in 
1863,  who  bore  him  two  children,  Elnia  and  Ro- 
land. His  wife  died  in  August,  1870.  After  re- 
maining a  widower  seven  years,  he  married  Annie 
Byers.  They  have  one  child,  Mal)el.  Mr.  Biggs 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  1871.  He  was  one  of 
those  who  assisted  in  building  the  old  "A"  mill, 
and  helped  to  rebuild  the  old  "  B  "  mill.  He  has 
been  in  the  employ  of  Washburn  and  Company 
during  tlie  nine  years  of  his  citizenship. 

J.  W.  Birdwell  was  born  September  10th,  1838, 
at  Tuscumbia,  Alabama.  He  moved  to  Minnea- 
polis in  1871,  and  has  remained  here  since.  At 
the  first  call  for  volunteers  he  enlisted,  and  served 
in  the  war  until  mustered  out  at  Trenton,  Ten- 
nessee, in  1863.  He  was  married,  on  his  return 
to  Julia  Chft,  of  Illinois.  She  has  borne  him 
one  child,  Josephine.  Mr.  Birdwell  is  the  ]Min- 
neapolis  manager  of  the  business  of  the  Victor 
Wheat  Heater  Company. 

Hon.  David  Blakeley.  manager  of  the  Trib- 
une, was  born  in  Franklin  county,  Vermont,  m 
1834.  The  family  moved  from  there  to  Syracuse, 
New  York,  in  1888.  where,  at  the  age  of  thirteen, 
he  entered  the  ])rinting  otlice  of  the  Daily  Star. 
In  that  office  and  that  of  the  Journal,  he 
thoroughly  mastered  the  typographical  art. 
After  completing  his  apprenticeship,  returned  to 
Vermont  and  devoted  five  years  to  study.  In 
1857,  lie  left  the  University  of  Vermont,  and 
came  to  Minnesota,  where  he  entered  the  profes- 
sion of  journalism,  starting  three  newspapers. 
In  1860,  was  elected  chief  clerk  in  the  house  of 
representatives,  and  re-elected  the  following  year. 
He  was  then  appointed  superintenileiit  of  public 
instruction  by  (Jovernor  Ramsey,  and  at  expira- 
tion of  term,  was  returned  to  the  otlice  by  elec- 
tion. He  contributed  largely  to  the  organization 
of  the  coninion  s('hool  system  of  Minnesota. 
In  1865,  he,  with  his  brother.  Major  C.  II.  Blake- 
ley, purchased  the  Chicago  livening  Post  and 
took-editorial  charge  of  that  paper,  remaining 
until  April.  1874,  when  he  disposed  of  his  inter- 
est ui  the  Evening  Post  and  succeeded  to  the  ed- 


512 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


itorship  of  tlie  St.  Paul  Pioneer.  One  year 
later,  he  conceived  tlie  idea  of  consolidating  the 
Pioneer  and  tlie  Press,  which  was  soon  ac- 
coniplished.  and  during  his  service  with  the  con- 
solidated Pioneer  Press,  was  jointly,  with  Mr. 
Wheelock.  in  editorial  charge  of  the  paper.  The 
Minneapolis  Triliime.  having  sul)se(iuently  been 
added,  Mr.  IJIakeley  removed  to  Minneapolis, 
tlie  better  to  represent  the  journal  in  lliis  city. 
Finally  lieconiing  convimed  tlial  there  was  a  fine 
future  for  journalism  in  MinneapoHs.  lie  .severed 
his  connection  with  the  St.  Paul  estalilisliment 
entirely,  and  taking  the  Minneapolis  Evening 
Triluine  in  charge,  he  has  maintained  his  relations 
with  that  journal  since.  On  May  11th,  1880,  in 
company  with  (ien.  A.  H.  >i'ettleton,  he  estab- 
lislied  the  Moniing  Tribune,  thereby,  giving  to 
Minneapolis,  a  lirst-dass  metroiHihtan  journal,  of 
whicli  lier  citizens  have  had  every  reason  to  be 
proud. 

L.  V.  X.  Hlakenian.  who  is  a  n.itive  of  New 
York  city,  came  to  tliis  place  in  ISiiO,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  merciintile  business  until  1874. 
when  he  l)ecame  a  partner  of  G.  Menzel,  in  the 
foundry   business. 

Wilham  lilakcmaii.  mie  of  the  earliest  settlers  of 
this  locality,  was  born  in  Prussia,  April  18th,  18^8. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1848,  and  set- 
tled in  La  Fayette.  Indiana,  where  lie  engageil  in 
upholstering  and  carriage  triiiimiiig  until  18ot), 
when  lie  removed  to  Saint  Anthony.  lie  was 
the  first  upholst<"rer  here.  He  retired  from  la- 
bor in  18(18,  and  has  .since  lived  on  the  fruits  of 
liiH  industry.  He  mairied  Magdaline  Kretz,  of 
(iermany.  They  liavr-  five  children  living;  Mary, 
Liz/.ie,  Frank.  Charles,  and  Fred. 

Adolpli  mil/,.  M.  I).,  was  born  in  Prussia, 
February  KHIi.  184'>.  He  moved  to  America  in 
1804.  and  studied  medicine  at  the  Cincinnati  Col- 
lege of  Medicine  and  Surgery.  From  this  insti- 
tution he  grailiiated  in  |87:{.  He  removed  to 
Xa.shville.  Teiinessee,  in  May,  1874.  and  while 
theit?  he  Itecatiie  a  member  of  the  Nashville  Med- 
ical Society,  Davidson  ("<iunty  Medical  Society. 
and  Tennessee  Slate  .Medical  Society.  He  is  a 
memlHT  of  the  Anieri<'an  Medical  Association, 
Inteniational  Meilical,  Ophtlialmological  and  Ot- 
ological  ('(ingress;  in  .March.  1K77.  Dnctor  Hlit/ 
in  ciiiiipnny  with  others,  fnnndcd  the  Nitshville 
Me<licul   Ciillege,   which  afterward   became  the 


medical  department  of  the  University  of  Ten- 
nessee. On  account  of  failing  health,  he  re- 
signed his  position  and  removed  to  Minneavwlis 
in  1880.  IVictor  Blitz  was  married  in  1877.  to 
Anna  D.  'Wicks,  of  Xew  Bedford,  Massacliusetts. 
They  have  two  daughters;  N^ellie  and  Bertha. 

J.  ■«'.  Blood,  was  born  March  IGtli.  184.5,  at 
Boston,  Massachusetts.  He  moved  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Janesville,  "Wisconsin,  in  1855.  He  re- 
ceived an  academic  education  at  Milton,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  at  Chicago,  where  he  learned  the  trade 
of  machinist.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1874, 
and  has  been  engaged  as  foreman  in  the  machine 
shops  of  the  Harvester  Works  since.  He  was 
married  to  Miss  E.  W.  Cnigg.  of  Ciiuiimati.  in 
1874.     They  have  one  child;  Meda. 

L.  Bloustein,  of  the  firm  of  Bemianii  and  lilmi- 
stein,  was  bom  in  Poland,  1839.  His  early  life 
was  spent  in  Scotland,  and  a  few  years  later  he  be- 
gan business  in  England.  In  ls7'.i  he  came  to 
America,  and  the  next  year  took  as  a  partner, 
ilr.  A.  Bcrmaiiii.  Tliey  now  deal  in  gents"  fur- 
nishing goods,  and  have  a  large  stock. 

ex.  Boardman,  dentist,  was  born  at  Water- 
loo, Yates  county,  Xew  York,  January  6th,  1841. 
He  was  educated  jirincipally  at  Mount  "V'ernon, 
and  studied  dentistry  at  Cincinnati  four  years. 
He  commenced  liis  practice  in  Coluiiiluis.  Indi- 
ana. Coining  to  .Miiineaiiolis.  in  1S72.  he  at  once 
established  liiinself  as  a  dentist,  and  has  been  in 
continuous  practice  here  since.  Miss  Elizalidh 
I.cDuc  of  this  city  became  his  wife  in  1874. 

W  .  .M.  lioanlniaii.  was  born  at  Kochester,  Xew 
York,  October  4th,  18.57.  During  early  life  he 
lived  on  a  farm,  later  he  was  engaged  in  the  gro- 
cery business.  In  1876,  lie  came  to  this  city  and 
opened  a  reslaiiiant.  Mr.  .\I.  C.  Tate  joined  him 
in  this  business  in  October.  1S8().  when  tliey 
boMglil  the  restaurant,  which  they  now  run  at 
:il  I  Xicollet  Avenue.  lie  inairicd  Sarali  MiCue, 
.Inly  Joth.  1880. 

A.  H.  Bode  was  born  in  Hanover,  (iennany, 
in  18,'{8.  He  came  to  .America  and  located  at 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  in  1848.  and  attended  the 
public  schools  of  that  city  until  18r);{.  when  he 
eiitereil  a  lawyer's  ollice.  In  the  summer  of  18.5.5 
he  removed  to  Madison  rmd  went  to  work  for  the 
LaCrosse  and  .Milwaukee  Hallway  as  warehou.se- 
man  at  liiihlicld.  and  was  afterwards  agent  at 
Horieoii    fiu-   f ■  >ears.      Ketiirned  to  Milwail- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


513 


kee,  and  in  1863,  went  into  the  Merchant's  bank. 
In  August,  I860,  he  came  to  Minnesota  as  gen- 
eral freiglit  and  ticket  agent  of  the  Minnesota 
Central  IJailway,  and  after  its  purchase  by  the 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul,  remained  as  general 
agent  until  1871.  lie  was  then  engaged  with  a 
construction  company,  until  1873,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  witli  the  Minneapolis  and  Saint 
Louis  Railway.  He  was  marrieii  at  Iloricon, 
Wisconsin,  December  26th,  1858.  They  have 
eight  children:  Carrie  F.,  Addie  C,  Willie  F., 
Mabel,  Freddie  C,  Bessie  I.,  Grace  E.,  and  J. 
Henry. 

Jolm  Bofferding,  one  of  the  early  settlers,  was 
born  in  Luxemliourg,  August  29th,  1826.  He  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1850,  and  settled  first  at 
Sauk  City,  Wisconsin.  In  1853  he  started  on  a 
prospecting  trip  which  ended  in  his  settling  in 
Minneapolis  in  18.56.  Here  he  worked  at  his 
trade,  that  of  carpenter,  until  1875,  when  he  be- 
gan the  grocery  business  and  has  since  continued 
it.  He  was  married  in  1862  to  Katrina  Frius,  of 
Germany,  who  bore  him  three  children.  Those 
li\ing  are  Maggie  and  William. 

Nicholas  Bofferding,  brother  of  the  above,  and 
wlio  also  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1856,  was  born 
at  Luxemliourg,  August2Ist,  1830.  He  worked  at 
at  the  carpenter  trade  here  until  1875,  and  has 
since  worked  witli  his  brother,  Mr.  John  Bofferd- 
ing. 

T.  M.  Bohan,  a  native  of  Irelanil,  was  l)oni 
June  29th,  1832.  He  came  to  the  United  Stales 
in  1848,  and  remained  in  Xew  York  one  year, 
then  removed  to  Milwaukee.  Tliere  lie  learned 
the  shoemaking  trade,  at  whicli  lie  worked  until 
1855  ;  then  he  moved  to  St.  Anthony  and  opened 
a  shop  and  two  years  later  engaged  as  foreman 
for  Wensinger.  In  1877  ^Slr.  Bohan,  in  company 
with  J.  A.  Kennedy  started  in  the  boot  and  shoe 
trade.  One  year  later  Mr.  Kennedy  sold  his  in- 
terest to  Mr.  McXeice,  the  piesent  partner.  Jlr. 
Bohan  was  married  to  Anna  Sliortell.  of  Milwau- 
kee, in  ]S.')7.  Tliey  have  seven  children:  Mary, 
John,  Annie,  Timothy,  Thomas.  James,  and 
Katie. 

George  F.  Bollier  was  born  in  Switzerland, 
June  18th,  1819.  He  learned  the  trade  of  shoe- 
maker in  his  native  country  and  worked  at  it  un- 
til 18.")6,  when  he  emigi-atcd  to  tlie  United  Stales. 

coming  direct  to  St,  Anthony,  where  lie  lias  since 
33 


resided.  In  1858  he  opened  a  boot  and  shoe  store 
and  has  added  to  his  stock  from  time  to  time, 
ilr.  Bollier  was  married  in  1856,  to  Sarah  Alle- 
mann,  of  Switzerland,  who  died  in  1864.  He  was 
married  in  1866,  to  Paulina  Diedrich.  Their 
children  are:  William  and  Ilattie. 

N.  II.  Bolton  was  born  ten  miles  south  of  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  Feliruary  10th,  1839.  He  remained 
with  his  parents  until  twenty-seven  years  of  age 
and  there  acquired  a  knowledge  of  milling  and 
manufacturing.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1872 
and  at  once  commenced  in  his  present  business, 
that  of  manirfacturing  mill  machinery.  Mr.  Bol- 
ton was  married  in  1865  at  Farmington,  Wash- 
ington county,  Wisconsin,  to  Mary  L.  Norton ; 
have  had  tliree  children:  Celeste,  Gracie  and 
Ada. 

S.  Bonfoy  was  born  m  ^lontgomery  county, 
New  York,  in  1817.  At  tlie  age  of  fifteen  he 
learned  the  wool-carding busmess.  Fifteen  years 
later  he  went  to  Georgia,  remaming  at  Columbus 
eleven  years,  when  he  removed  to  Roswell,  Geor- 
gia. Here  he  was  engaged  as  .superintendent  of 
a  wool  factory.  When  General  Sherman  passed 
through  on  his  march  to  the  sea,  the  factory  was 
burned.  He  removed  to  Indiana  and  remained 
nine  years.  In  1874  he  came  to  this  city  and 
again  engaged  in  the  wool-carding  business. 

Hon.  L.  Bostwick  was  bom  in  Toronto,  Cana 
da,  June,  1815.  He  moved  to  St.  Anthony,  ac- 
companied by  his  wife  and  daughters,  in  1850. 
The  year  following,  he  was  elected  justice  of  the 
peace,  wliich  ollice  he  held  until  1860.  He  was 
elected,  under  very  peculiar  circum.stances,  to  fill 
a  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  I.  I. 
liCwis.  At  that  time  there  was  a  "Maine  liquor 
law,"  under  which  a  person  was  indicted  for 
opening  a  saloon  in  St.  Anthony,  and  tlie  case 
was  brought  before  Mr.  Lewis,  who  resigned 
rather  than  to  try  the  case.  In  1871,  Judge Bo.st- 
wick  decided  to  retire  from  active  life  and  enjoy 
tlie  fruits  of  his  lalior.  He  lias  lieen  one  of  the 
most  active  citizens  of  this  now  llourisliing  me- 
tropolis, and  from  its  earliest  gi-owth  identified 
with  its  interests. 

Pierre  Bottineau,  was  Ijorn  January  1st,  1817, 
at  a  place  on  Turtle  river,  Dakota  TeiTitory, 
once  called  Rats  Point,  but  afterwards  named 
Hottiiieairs  Point  from  its  being  the  residence  of 
liis  fatlKM',  Joseph  Bottineau;  wlio  was  engaged 


514 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


with  the  North- western  Fur  Company.  The 
inotlier  of  Pierre  Holtineau.  was  a  native  of  the 
Ojihwa  triln',  whose  fatlier  was  a  cajitive  Dakota, 
and  mother  an  Ojibwa.  1?\  tliis  marriage  there 
were  several  chiUh-en.  with  only  one  of  whom, 
Pierre,  we  have  to  do.  In  IKKi.  one  year  before 
the  birth  of  Pierre,  hostilities  arose  between  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company,  the  old  company  estab- 
lished in  ItiTd,  under  a  grant  by  Charles  II,  of 
Kn^rland.  to  I'rince  Rupert  and  others,  and  the 
North-western  Company.  These  were  both  Eng- 
lish companies.  The  Red  River  settlement  was 
foundeil  by  Lord  Selkirk,  a  Scottish  yieer  under  a 
grant  from  (lie  Hudson  15ay  Company.  The 
Xorth-westeni  Company,  whose  head-quartere 
were  Canada,  tratlcri  by  the  way  of  the  lakes,  and 
bad  viitually  iire-cnii)ted  this  territory  before  the 
Selkirk  colony  arrived  and  diil  not  recognize  their 
claim  as  a  part  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company's 
territory  .as  this  comiiany  had  never  before  extend- 
ed their  lines  so  far  south.  The  Hudson  Bay 
Company  transported  goods  by  way  of  Hudson 
Bay.  Aft«r  the  establishment  of  ilic  Kill  liivir 
settlement  in  1K12.  i)etty  strife  began,  which  in 
IHMi.  <'ulniinated  in  open  hostilities.  Lord  Sel- 
kirk hail  demanded  trooj)s  from  the  (iovernor 
General  for  the  protection  of  his  colony  without 
avail,  but  instead,  was  enjoined  against  repetition 
of  hostibties.  In  spite  of  this  injuncti(ui  some 
more  blood  wius  shed,  but  at  last,  as  neither  par- 
ty received  the  sup|ioil  of  the  government,  an 
amalgamation  took  place,  and  the  innted  company 
controlled  the  country.  In  consei|uence  of  these 
hostilities,  the  little  colony  of  Red  River  was 
greatly  weakened  by  emigration  to  the  territory 
of  the  I'nited  .Stat<'S  and  Canada. 

Pierrie  Bottineau's  father  was  conunanded  by 
the  North-western  Company  to  take  pari  in  llie 
struggle  but  he  ab.sented  himself  on  niic  ol  Ins 
hiniting  expeditions.  On  his  reluin  he  was  ini- 
prisoneil.  but  owing  to  his  Inllnence  with  the 
tribe  from  which  lie  had  taken  his  wife,  he  was 
WHin  released,  as  worse  troubles  were  liable  to 
aris*'. 

Amid  thew  bustling  scenes,  in  a  wild  couidry, 
among  Indians,  and  half-breeds  more  dangerous 
than  the  Indians  themselves.  Pierre  Bottineau 
wa.slMirn.  lie  was  early  trained  by  his  father 
for  the  hunt.  He  |M)ssesse<l  a  strong  frame  and 
nigged  roiistitiition,  and  bec^inie  u  skillful  hors<-- 


inan.  and  a  sure  marksman  witli  a  rifle,  learning, 
as  well  as  inheriting  these  qualities  from  his 
father,  who  was  unsurpassed  in  the  chase.  His 
father  died  when  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age, 
and  LeCompte.  a  famous  guide,  but  lame  in  con- 
secpience  of  an  injury,  jileased  with  the  early 
accomplishments  and  iminiise  of  the  boy,  took 
him  to  live  with  him,  promising  to  instruct  him 
in  tlie  mysteries  of  his  art.  LeCompte  was  at 
this  time  the  only  man  conversant  with  the 
country,  and  familiar  with  the  duties  of  a  guide. 
He  held  out  lirilliant  jirospects  of  high  wages, 
ending  in  a  fortune,  especially  because  he  needed 
the  sure  foot,  strong  arm  and  (juick  eye  of  this 
young  half-breed.  During  the  years  1832-3 
Pierre  made  a  few  short  trips  in  company  with 
LeCompte,  carrying  messages  between  trading 
posts,  but  bis  first  long  trip  was  in  1834,  at  the 
age  of  seventeen.  LeCompte  was  then  employed 
by  the  Ilud.son  Bay  Company  to  carry  messages 
and  the  mail  from  Fort  (iarry  to  Fort  Snelling, 
and  Pierre  accompanieil  him.  They  started  the 
llrst  of  Novenilicr  anil  readied  tlicir  destination 
December  27tli.  Conunuiiicalion  was  difllcnlt 
and  expensive,  and  sometimes  not  undertaken 
oftener  than  once  a  year.  They  went  down  on 
the  east  bank  of  the  Red  River,  and  after  eight 
days  reached  Red  l^ake  river,  which  it  was  neces- 
sary for  them  to  cross,  though  now  very  high 
and  full  of  drifting  ice.  A  feeble  old  man  named 
Alard,  went  with  them,  and  a  i>oiiy  with  a  Red 
Rivercart  carried  the  mail. baggage  and  provisions. 
A  raft  was  qui(kl>  built  and  tlie  carl  and  its  con- 
tents were  safely  transferred  to  llie  other  side  by 
I'ierre  and  Alard.  They  next  icturned  for  Le- 
Comi)te  and  tbi  pony,  the  current  carrying  them 
down  some  distance  al  each  crossing.  On  at- 
lenipling  to  cross  again,  Willi  all  lianils  and  the 
pony,  their  cluinsy  rati  roiiinlcrccl  on  a  stump, 
and  was  .soon  piled  with  ice  so  that  the  upper  end 
was  submerged,  and  the  lower  end  stuck  up  at  a 
sharp  angle.  Tlie  situation  was  critical  and 
pnuuised  at  the  best,  a  colil  liath  to  all. 

Here  Pierre  proved  hiniseir  equal  to  the  emer- 
gency, for  cutting  loose  a  few  pieces  of  limber  he 
secured  them  together  by  a  cord  made  of  bulValo 
hide,  and  making  bis  two  com|)aiiions  siraildle 
the  logs,  since  neither  could  swim,  he  took  the 
chances  of  keeping  on  the  little  raft  and  poling  it 
to  shore.     It  lloated,  however,  much  farther,  and 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


515 


struck  a  bend  in  the  river  that  was  frozen  over,  in 
consequence  of  there  being  less  current.  Here 
he  was  obliged  to  jump  on  the  ice,  after  securing 
a  long  cord  to  the  raft,  one  end  of  whicli  he  held 
in  his  hand.  The  ice  would  not  hold  the  weight 
of  a  man,  and  Pierre  went  in,  all  over,  in  very 
deep  water,  but  holding  fast  to  the  rope.  A\'hen 
he  came  up,  he  swam,  breaking  the  ice  before 
him,  to  the  shore,  and  hauled  his  companions 
after  him.  They  were  fortunate  in  having  dry 
suits  at  the  cart,  and  soon  were  all  right  in  dry 
clothing.  The  pony  was  rescued,  and  they 
started  again.  After  traveling  four  days  they 
reached  the  Wild  Rice  river,  and  crossed  the  ice 
and  encamped  near  its  bank.  By  some  means, 
here,  the  pony  who  had  escaped  narrowly  one 
danger  of  drowning,  got  uito  this  stream  in  the 
night  and  was  drowned.  In  this  dilemma  it  was 
decided,  as  Alard  could  not  travel,  to  leave 
him  in  charge  of  the  cart  and  stuff  while  Le 
Compte  and  Pierre  went  on  to  Lac  Traverse,  a 
trading  post  of  the  American  Fur  Company,  in 
charge  of  Mr.  Moore.  The  journey,  it  was 
thought,  would  take  four  days.  Pierre  was  load- 
ed with  bedding  and  provisions  supposed  to  be 
sufficient  for  Le  Compte  and  himself  for  the  four 
days'  journey,  and  they  set  out.  The  lameness 
of  Le  Compte  and  the  burden  of  Pierre  rendered 
traveling  slow,  but  it  proved  that  the  estimated 
distance  of  fifty  or  sixty  miles,  increased  every 
day  they  traveled.  Le  Compte  seemed  not  to  be 
familiar  with  the  country  and  arriving  at  Goose 
river  he  called  it  the  Cheyenne  and  the  Elm  he 
supposed  the  Wild  Rice.  They  traveled  thus  for 
several  days  until  their  provisions  were  gone,  hop- 
ing to  reach  the  Bois  des  Sioux,  where  Le  Compte 
declared  he  should  recognize  the  country.  On 
the  eighth  day  they  reached  this  river,  havhigbeen 
already  four  days  without  fdcid.aud  found  a  fresh 
Indian  trail  \vliii-]i  they  tnlldui'd  tn  the  caiuii. 
It  proved  to  lie  tlio  camp  of  a  party  of  Sioux  num- 
bering ten  men  with  live  tejiees.  Tlie  strangers 
were  kindly  received  and  their  hiuiger  appeased 
by  a  repast  of  otter  and  skunk  meat.  The  next 
day  they  reached  the  trading  post  and  obtaining 
a  horse  and  man  retnnud  for  Alaid  and  their 
stuff.  The  old  man's  joy  cannot  be  described,  as 
the  twentieth  day  after  their  departure  he  saw 
them  returning.  lie  had  improvised  a  sled  and 
loaded  it  with  blankets  and  provisions,  determin- 


ed to  start  the  next  day,  dragging  his  sled,  trust- 
mg  to  a  good  fortune  to  take  him  to  some  habita- 
tion. After  staying  a  few  days  at  the  post,  Le 
Compte  bought  a  horse  of  JNIr.  iloore  and  they 
proceeded  to  the  trading  post  of  Mr.  Renville  at 
Lac  qui  Parle  and  from  this  point  they  set  out 
for  Traverse  des  Sioux,  another  trading  post  dis- 
tant four  days  journey.  Tlie  post  was  in  charge 
of  ilr.  Louis  Le  Blanc.  Alard  was  left  at  Lac 
Traverse  on  account  of  the  ilcptli  of  snow  and  the 
difficulty  of  traveling.  Trouble  arose  again  in 
attempting  to  lind  Traverse  des  Sioux  and  the  two 
companions  were  near  starving,  as  their  supplies 
had  given  out;  when,  fortunately,  a  coon  was 
killed  and  their  hunger  appeased.  After 
traveling  in  a  circuitous  route  for  several 
days  in  search  of  the  trading  post,  Pierre 
insisted  upon  taking  a  direct  course  for  Fort 
Snelling  or  as  near  direct  as  the  Minnesota  river 
would  conduct  them,  disregarding  Traverse  des 
Sioux  altogether.  It  is  a  difficult  matter  to  di- 
vert a  guide  from  an  old  route  but  at  last  the 
point  was  conceded  and  they  set  out.  On  the 
following  day  they  came  on  an  Indian  camp  and 
were  received  in  a  friendly  manner  and  directed 
on  their  way.  It  appeared  tliat  the  guide  was 
mistaken  in  reference  to  their  location  and  they 
soon  reached  Traverse  des  Sioux,  and  without 
further  accident  arrived  at  Fort  Snelling,  Decem- 
ber 2Sth,1834. 

Among  those  whom  Pierre  met  at  the  Fort  at 
this  time  he  mentions  Mr.  N.  W.  Kittson.  After 
spending  a  short  time  visiting  friends  and  rela- 
tions who  had  formerly  lived  at  lied  River,  he  re- 
turned and  for  two  years  spent  his  time  trapping 
in  the  winter  and  hunting  buffaloes  <lnring  the 
summer.  Two  liiiiits  were  usually  made  each 
year,  one  in  the  caiix  snuuucr  and  one  hitri'.  about 
fail. 

The  ouljit  foi'  these  hunts  wasas  follows:  each 
hunter  was  supplied  with  a  good  hunting  horse, 
gun  and  anunui;ition,  and  with  two  or  three  po- 
nies, drawing  each  a  Bed  River  cart.  The  latter 
were  used  to  carry  their  families  and  baggage,  as 
well  as  to  transport  the  results  of  the  chase. 
Fretpieidly  these  huntiug  parties  would  number 
several  hundred  hunters,  besides  their  families. 

After  reaching  the  liuntinggrounds,  each  found 
occupation  in  killing  the  buffaloes,  dressing,  dry- 
ing, cooking  and  making  pemniican.     I'emmican 


S16 


HISJORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


was  an  imiiortant  article  of  food  and  merchandise 
with  tlie  Hudson  15ay  Company  in  furnishing 
supplies  to  their  employees,  and  still  continues  to 
l)e  used.  It  was  made  in  the  followiii;;  maimer. 
The  lean  huffalo  meat  was  cut  into  thin  strips,  and 
a  skillful  woman  would  cut  these  strips  round 
and  round,  making  tliem  (jnite  long.  These  were 
spread  in  the  sun  during  tlie  day.  and  gathered  at 
night  in  order  to  protect  them  from  rain  or  dew 
until  they  Itecame  as  dry  as  a  hone.  They  were 
then  placed  over  the  fire  to  cot)k.  After  this  the 
meat  was  beaten  in  a  buffalo  hiile  nntil  com- 
pletely pulverized,  when  it  was  mixed  with  melted 
fat  and  i)acked  in  skins  for  market.  The  lean 
and  fat  of  two  animals  is  condensed  in  one  sack 
of  iienunican.  No  salt  or  seasoning  was  nsed  in 
its  preparation,  but  properly  prepared  it  would 
never  sjioil.  IJesides  the  process  had  driven  out 
the  water  and  so  reduced  the  bulk  that  a  very 
little  would  satisfy  hunger  and  furnish  food 
in  the  most  condensed  form  for  long  journeys. 
When  the  carts  wei-e  loaded  with  pemmic^m  and 
hides  the  juirty  returned  from  the  hunt.  En- 
counters with  hostile  Indians,  and  accidents  fre- 
quently occurred  which  caused  much  danger  and 
risk. 

During  the  summer  of  1835  Pierre  made  a  trip 
to  Hudson  Bay  in  the  employ  of  the  Hudson  Bay 
Company,  and  again  the  ne,\t  .summer  a  second 
trip.  It  will  give  .some  idea  of  the  hardships  to 
which  voyageurs  were  subject  if  we  state  here 
the  t<'»ts  to  whicli  they  were  subjected  before 
they  were  emploxeii.  A  day  and  place  was  set 
for  those  who  desired  employment,  to  exhibit 
their  jniwers  of  endurance.  The  load  of  a  voyag- 
eur.  two  jiackages  weighing  about  one  hundred 
jKiunds  eacli.  was  rea<ly  and  the  man  wlio  conhl 
caiTy  the  load  to  a  <'ertain  goal  and  return  with- 
out resting,  in  the  (juickest  time,  was  ciiuntiil  ilie 
liest  man.  and  from  those  most  successful 
the  employees  were  chosen.  Tlie  Hudson  Bay 
Company  were  haughty  and  overbearing  to  the 
natives  and  half-breeds,  and  treated  them  as 
"eomme  les  liet<'s."  while  the  jHilicy  of  the  Ameri- 
can Kur  Company  w;is  niurh  more  liberal.  This 
letl  many  to  traii^fci  thiii  Iriidc  (<>  Ilic  Aiin'riiMU 
company. 

DecemlK-r  \>\.  is.li,,  I'nrrc  Itotlincau  niaiiicd 
(Jenevieve  Lanince.  daughter  of  .lohn  Baiiliste 
Ijinmce.  a  fanner  of  the  Bed  Biver  settlement 


A  few  months  after,  he  undertook  the  memorable 
joui-ney  across  the  plains,  as  guide  for  ilartin 
McLeod.  and  two  eomiianions,  Parys  and  Hayes, 
from  LaFourch,  Bed  Biver  colony.  Territory  of 
Hudson  Bay,  to  Fori  Suelling.  The  time  esti- 
mated for  the  journey  was  twenty-five  days;  of 
this,  the  journey  to  Lac  Traverse  was  estimated 
at  fifteen  days,  and  the  remainder  of  the  journey 
ten  days.  Tlic  time  consumed  was,  however, 
fifty  days,  and  two  of  the  party,  Messrs.  Parys 
and  Hayes,  perished  by  the  way.  The  indomi- 
table hardihood  of  I'ierre  Bottineau,  alone, 
brought  ^Ir.  ilcLeod  and  himself  through.  They 
started  with  a  dog  traneau,  moccasins  and  snow- 
shoes.  The  deep  snow  and  the  inexperience  of 
the  party  retarded  their  progress. 

They  so  freqently  require<l  their  snow-shoes 
or  mocca.sins  loo.sened  or  tightened  that  the  ])a- 
tience  of  Bottineau  was  taxed  to  its  utmost,  and 
short  days"  journeys  were  accomi)lished.  This 
was,  however,  only  a  small  matter  compared  with 
the  trouble  that  followed.  Bli/./ards.  cold,  and 
want  of  food  finally  added  to  their  miseries,  until 
Hayes  was  lost  in  a  st«rm  and  never  seen  again, 
and  Parys,  though  fomul.  was  in  such  a  frozen 
conditioTi  as  to  compel  him  to  remain  in  a  hut, 
carefully  built  and  provided  for  his  comfort,  until 
horses  could  be  sent  for  him  from  Lac  Traveirse. 
AVhen  the  relief  party  arrived  they  found  proof 
that  death  had  ended  his  sufferings  soon  after 
their  departure.  Mr.  Parys  was  a  Polish  gentle- 
man who  had  served  under  Bemarino.  and  left 
his  country  after  the  fall  of  Warsaw  to  avoid  the 
fury  of  the  Czar  Nicholas  I.  Jlr.  Bottineau  and 
the  surviving  traveler,  Hon.  ISIartin  McLeod,  ar- 
rived in  safety  at  Fort  Snelling,  April  Kith,  1837. 
May  -Ith,  Bottineau  started  on  his  return  on  horse- 
back, took  a  traveler  at  Lac  Traverse,  and 
reached  the  Red  Biver  June  5th.  Spent  the  sum- 
mer and  winter  following,  in  the  usual  way.  hunt- 
ing and  trai>i)ing.  May.  ISSS,  he  undertook  his 
next  trip  across  the  plains  as  guide  for  a  large 
party,  consisting  of  forty  families,  Swiss,  French, 
and  Scotch.  This  tri)!  was  acconiplislie<l  without 
any  remarkable  incident,  excej)!  that  the  Indians 
aliuig  their  route  became  somewhat  troublesome, 
and  it  was  necessary  to  court  their  good  will  by 
distributing  tobacco  and  Hour  ainoug  them  in 
pa.ssing  their  villages.  This  was  especially  true 
because  of  the  hostilitv  of  the  Sioux  toward  the 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


517 


Chippewas,  and  the  half-breeds  of  the  north  were 
associated  with  the  Chippewas.  Four  of  tliese 
Sioux  villages  were  passed  at  Lac  Traverse,  num- 
bering eiglity  or  ninety  braves  ;  two  at  Big  Stone 
lake,  numbering  three  hnndred  ;  two  at  Lac  iiui 
Parle,  two  hundred  ;  one  at  Blue  Earth,  seventy ; 
one  atliedwood,  onehimdred;  one  at  Traverse  des 
Sioux,  one  hundred  and  fifty;  one  at  Belle  Plainer 
fifty  ;  one  at  Little  Rapids,  one  hundred;  two  at 
Shakopee,  three  hundred.  These  fifteen  Innidred 
warriors  were  often  on  the  war  path.  At  JNIinne- 
ha-ha,  Lake  Calhoun  and  Pig's  Eye  there  were 
five  or  six  hiuidred  more.  Some  of  them,  whose 
villages  were  not  in  their  path,  might,  notwitli- 
standing,  be  met  on  the  plains.  Owing  to  some 
accidents  to  their  carts  and  one  person,  it  was  de- 
termined to  send  a  messenger  ahead  to  obtain 
from  General  II.  II.  Sibley  his  barge  to  transport 
the  party  from  Traverse  des  Siou.x.  On  arrival 
at  this  point  tlie  boat  was  found  in  readiness,  and 
the  party  were  stiecessfuUy  landed  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing,  though  the  time  occupied  from  Traverse  des 
Sioux  was  fourteen  days,  owhig  to  low  water. 

At  this  point  in  his  history  Mr.  Bottineau  stops 
to  pay  a  tribute  to  the  kindness  of  Gen.  Sibley,  to 
whom  he  was  frequently  indebted  for  courteous 
and  generous  acts.  He  always  extended  this 
kmdness  to  poor  or  rich,  white  man,  Indian,  or 
half  breed.  The  Sioux  held  him  in  tlie  liigliest 
regard  and  called  him  the  "Great  Medicine  Man.' 
He  smoked  a  red  x'ipe  with  a  long  stem  and  often 
hunted  witli  the  Indians.  On  one  occasion  after 
liunting  all  day  unsuccessfully,  while  smoking 
aromid  tlie  camp  fire,  he  cried  out  "Well,  we  will 
kill  a  bear  to-morrow!"'  Sure  enough  the  next 
day's  hunt  Inouglit  in  the  bear  and  forever  estab- 
lished the  Indians"  faith  in  Gen.  Sibley.  Botti- 
neau brought  down  twenty  head  of  cattle  from 
the  Red  River  settlement  as  well  as  some  otlier 
merchandise.  He  sold  on  his  arrival,  cows  at  .*oO 
to  $7-5,  oxen  at  .^loO  to  $200  per  pair,  l)ulter  at 
fifty  cents  per  pomid. 

October,  1838,  he  engaged  to  guide  a  small  party 
of  men  to  Red  River  and  remained  Ihere  until 
184(1.  .June  1st,  1840,  lie  crossed  tlie  plains  once 
more  with  a  large  partj  consisting  of  twenty  fami- 
lies, and  liroiight  his  own  family  along  to  settle 
in  this  country.  On  this  journey  he  fell  in  with 
the  old  guide  Le  Compte  and  a  party  conveying 
a  Mr.  Simpson  to  Fort  Snelling.     'Sli.  Simpson 


was  a  son  of  Sir  George  Simpson  of  England,  who 
had  been  making  an  expedition  in  aid  of  science 
and  was  now  on  his  return,  bound  for  England. 
Simpson  showed  signs  of  insanity  at  this  meeting 
but  the  parties  diverged,  intending  to  take  differ- 
ent routes.  On  the  next  day  Bottineau  was  over- 
taken by  two  men  riding  at  full  speed  after  him, 
who  requested  him  to  come  to  the  aid  of  the  other 
party  as  Mr.  Simpson,  in  a  fit  of  insanity  had 
killed  two  of  the  party,  one  of  whom  was  Le 
Compte  himself.  The  relief  party  fomid  that  he 
had  added  his  own  death  to  that  of  his  comrades 
by  blowing  out  his  brains.  After  disposing  as  well 
as  could  be  done  of  the  bodies  of  the  slain,  Mr. 
Bottineau  Joined  the  remainder  of  the  party  with 
his  own  and  proceeded,  arriving  at  the  Fort  in 
July.  Here  he  found  great  clianges,  for  the  offi- 
cers of  the  Fort  had  driven  away  Perry  and  Ger- 
vais  and  others ;  only  a  few  remained  and  they 
were  on  the  point  of  going,  having  received  noti- 
fication to  that  effect  from  the  Fort.  Here,  for 
the  first  time  Bottineau  met  Franklin  Steele. 
Bottineau  went  on  to  Saint  Paul  with  his  family 
and  made  a  claim  there  in  1840,  between  Gervais 
and  Clewette,  camping  on  the  bluff  opposite  the 
site  of  the  old  National  hotel.  The  claim  ran  as 
follows:  Commencing  at  a  point,  now  the  foot  of 
Jackson  street,  running  down  the  river  eighty 
rods,  thence  at  right  angles  to  the  river  one  mile, 
embracuig  a  strip  eighty  rods  wide  running  back 
to  Clewette"s  claim.  Not  havmg  money  to  invest 
in  permanent  improvements,  he  pitched  a  slcin 
tent  (lodge)  on  the  bluff  and  lived  there  all  sum- 
mer. During  the  summer  he  was  employed  by 
Mr.  Aiken,  an  old  agent  ot  the  American  Fur 
Company,  with  others  to  traiisixirt  freight.  In  tlie 
fall  he  was  able  to  build  a  house  and  make  some 
improvements  on  his  claim.  In  the  spring  of  1841 
he  put  twenty  acres  in  crops.  From  this  time  he 
was  employed  at  various  things  but  largely  for 
tlie  American  Fur  Company,  until  the  spring  of 
184-5.  During  this  time  he  made  one  more  trip 
to  the  Red  River.  In  the  snmm'er  of  1845  he 
moved  to  the  falls  of  St.  ^Vnthony  and  became 
identified  with  the  interests  of  tlie  place  until 
1854,  when  he  remiived  to  liottineau  I'rairie  in 
Majili!  (irove.  During  the  years  1845  and  "4(i  he 
made  two  more  journeys  to  the  Red  River  settle- 
ment. 
Ill  1851,  Mr.  Bottineau  acted  as  guide  to  Gov. 


518 


HISTORY  OF  HENXEPIX  COUXTV. 


Ramsey,  and  tbe  commissioners  apimiiitccl  by  tlie 
govcniinent  to  ncgoliatp  a  treaty  ^villl  the  Tein- 
bina  Indians.  The  journey  was  made  with  a  inili- 
tar>' escort.  After  liolding.a  council  with  tlie  Indi- 
ans at  I'enildna.  and  eonchiding  tlie  treaty,  tlie 
commissioners  amUtov.  Ramsey  exi)ressed  a  wish 
to  visit  Fort  Garry,  and  it  was  determined  to  ex- 
tend the  trip  accordingly  into  tlie  British  domin- 
ion. In  lS.5:i  he  piloted  (iov.  Stevens,  of  Wash- 
ington Territory  on  the  Xortliern  Pacilic  railroad 
exploration,  going  west  to  the  Rocky  Alountains 
and  returning  by  the  Missouri  river  to  St.  Louis. 

In  the  fall  of  185.S.  Mr.  Bottineau,  made  a 
hunting  e.M'iii-sion.  acting  as  guide  for  a  party  of 
English  lords  and  bankers.  During  the  winter 
of  18.54  T).  he  went  with  ("ayjtain  Carney  toMille 
Lac  with  a  military  escort  to  arrest  two  Indian 
murderers.  In  lH.i(>  he  made  an  expedition  with 
Colonel  Smith,  to  explore  the  northern  country 
for  a  suitable  point  to  locate  a  military  post.  In 
1K.5S.  after  the  report  of  Colonel  Smith's  expedi- 
tion, further  exploration  was  determined  on  by 
the  general  government  with  reference  to  the  es- 
tablishnieut  of  the  jiost  in  ciuestioii.  Mr.  Bottin- 
eau a('('onil>anied  Colonel  White  and  a  <'aplain  in 
the  regular  army  who  were  charged  with  the  en- 
terprise. This  expedition  determined  the  site  and 
located  the  present  Fort  .\bercronibie  at  a  jwint 
then  known  as  (iraham's  Point.  In  the  winter  of 
■/id  and  '!>'.  lie.  with  others,  located  the  town 
Bite  of  Hreckenridge.  and  during  the  following 
summer  he  localeil  a  town  siteon  his  own  account 
at  the  iiiouth  of  Cheyenne  river.  In  lK.5i),  he 
went  with  Skinner,  the  geologist,  to  locate  salt 
springs  for  the  stale.  In  June,  IKfil).  he  accom- 
panied a  miliUiry  expe<llllon  to  I'embina.  and  on 
Ills  return,  went  with  (in\.  lianisey  and  .liKlge 
Bailey  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  tlie  I'eiiibina 
and  Bed  Lake  bands  of  Chippewas,  but  were  not 
Huccessfiil  In  concluding  treaty.  In  18(i2,  he 
made  a  trip  with  Captain  FIsk  to  .Montana,  and 
aft4"r  reaching  Benton,  left  them  to  another  guide 
and  returned,  passing  through  great  ilangers 
from  Indians.  SInee  then  he  has  resided  on  a 
farm  at  Bed  Lake  Falls.  Folk  county. 

William  W.  Bosw<irtb  was  born  in  Washington 
county.  .Maine.  December  Kllh.  is:,-.  \i,  ]s:,-  he 
came  to  St.  .\ntlioiiy  and  engaged  in  the  lumber- 
ing trade  until  187.'!,  when  he  was  apiMilnted  on 
the  |M)lice  force  as  patrol,  and  in  May,  18"((,  wa.s 


appointed  sergeant,  and  served  in  that  capacity 
until  1877.  and  since  as  iiatrol.  He  was  married 
to  Miss  Maria  Craig,  at  St.  Anthony,  August. 
1867.  Their  cliildren  are  George,  Fred,  and  Eva 
Jilay. 

M.  C.  Boutcll  was  bnni  at  Worcester.  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1887.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
was  employed  by  Messrs.  Nelson  and  Rice,  of  that 
city,  and  remained  sixteen  years.  lie  moved  to 
St.  Paul  in  1803,  and  engaged  in  the  hardware 
business,  hi  1876,  removed  to  Jlinneapolis.  Mr. 
Boutell  was  married  to  Miss  Maria  Wellington, 
of  Massachusetts,  who  bore  him  three  sons  and 
one  daiigliter. 

ilillard  F.  Bowen,  attorney  and  counselor  at 
law,  was  born  in  Xew  Orleans,  Louisiana,  April 
Iflth,  18.50.  lie  was  educated  at  Buffalo.  New 
York,  and  studied  law  with  Bowen  &  Rogers,  of 
that  city.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Min- 
neapolis, January,  1870,  and  has  been  in  practice 
here  since,  llis  ollice  is  located  at  324  Nicollet 
Avenue. 

A\'iini  M.  IJiackelt.  originator  of  the  Minneap- 
olis lire  dei)artnii'nt,  was  born  in  Maine  in  1843. 
lie  moved,  in  1840.  to  Nova  Scotia,  with  his  par- 
ents, where  his  father  was  .Vnierican  consul. 
Six  years  later  he  returned  to  tlie  Inited  States, 
and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  was  idcntilied  with  the 
Ilose '"Annex"  of  Washington  Kngine  Company, 
No.  l.of  Calais.  In  1801,  Mr.  Brackett  enlisted 
as  musician  in  the  Sixth  regiment,  Maine  volun- 
teers, and  served  until  the  fall  of  1802.  when  here- 
turned  to  Calais.  Here  he  was  appointed  iiaynia.s- 
ter's clerk,  with  headquarters  at  Washington.  1  le 
came  to  Minneaiiolis  in  180'),  and  was  engaged  as 
book-keei)er  for  Kaslniaii.  (libson  and  Coiiiiiany. 
About  this  time  lie  organized  the  .Miller's  Fire 
Associalion.  IVoiii  whieli  has  grown  the  jiresent 
lire  deiiarliiient  of  .Minneapolis.  In  1871  he  was 
elected  sec^ond  assislani  of  llie  department,  and 
at  exiilration  of  the  Icnn  was  chosen  chief 
engineer,  and  lias  helil  ilie  position  since.  .Mr. 
Brackett  was  niarrieil  al  .Minneapolis,  in  1.S07.  to 
Miss  l';nilly  Iloyt.  fornierly  of  I'orllaiid.  Maine. 
They  have  four  sous:  Charles  and  Wiiislow  .M.. 
Jr..  are  living:  Cliapin  and  Franliie  are  dead. 

T.  A.  Braiin.  Is  a  native  of  .Maine,  born  at  (Jar- 
diner,  Kennebec  county.  .March  20tli.  isto.  He 
enlisted  as  a  iirivate.  .\]iril  isth.  isoi:  he  was 
promoted  through  the  iulci  \riiiiig  grades  to  the 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


519 


rank,  of  First  Lieutenant.  In  1866,  he  located 
at  Saint  Charles,  Minnesota;  two  years  after,  he 
removed  to  Whitewater,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
remained  nptil  1877,  when  he  came  to  Minne- 
apoHs.  Jilr.  Brann  is  the  lixjal  freijjht  agent  of 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  Saint  l^iul  Railway 
Company,  whicli  position  he  has  held  since  com- 
ing here.  He  was  married  m  1866,  to  Miss  M.  J. 
Atkins,  of  Gardiner,  ^Slaine.  They  are  the  par- 
ents of  four  children. 

E.  C.  Briggs  was  bom  at  Coventry,  Rhode  Isl- 
and, February  20th,  1838.  He  came  west  in 
1854,  and  located  at  Richfield,  Minnesota,  where 
he  engaged  in  farming  and  carpentering  until 
1877,  wlien  he  removed  to  this  city,  and  was 
employed  as  packer  in  the  MinneapoHs  Mill;  he 
has  continued  to  serve  as  such  ever  since.  Mr. 
Briggs  was  married  to  Miss  V.  M.  Ray,  rn  Sep- 
tember, 1860.  Their  children  are:  Ida  and 
George. 

"William  Brigham  was  born  in  Worcester 
county,  Massachusetts,  September  19th,  1835. 
Early  in  life  he  located  at  Marietta,  Ohio,  and 
was  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business  there  until 
1855;  thence  to  LaFayette,  Indiana,  until  1865; 
thence  to  Chicago  until  1869,  when  he  came  to 
Minnesota  and  settled  at  Saint  Peter,  still  con- 
nected with  the  boot  and  shoe  business.  In 
August  1873,  he  came  to  this  city,  where  he  was 
engaged  as  foreman  by  the  North  Star  Boot  and 
Shoe  Company.  Mr.  Brigham's  family  consists 
of  his  wife  and  one  daughter. 

F.  II.  Brimmer,  dentist,  was  born  at  Ellsworth, 
Maine,  December  30th,  1844.  He  received  his 
education  in  his  native  place,  and  there  studied 
dentistry  with  Doctor  Osgood.  He  graduated 
from  the  Philadelpha  Dental  College— Class  of 
1876-7.  with  degiee  of  D.  D.  S.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  September  30th,  1879.  Doctor  Brim- 
mer is  unmamed. 

E.  Broad  is  a  native  of  Maine,  and  was  l)orn 
May  29th,  1814.  His  father,  being  a  blacksmith, 
he  commenced  in  early  life  to  leani  t)ie  trade. 
In  1842  he  moved  to  Bangor  and  remained  there 
in  pursiutof  his  trade,  until  1855,  when  he  came 
west  and  located  at  Saint  Antliony,  where  he 
has  since  been  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
edged  tools.  Mr  Broad  was  married  to  ^liss  S. 
C.  Marsh,  at  Portland,  Maine,  in  1844. 

Rev.  David  Brooks  was  born  in  England,  No- 


vember, 1802.  He  learned  the  tailoring  business, 
and  was  converted  at  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and 
joined  the  AVesleyan  Methodists.  Educated  in 
England,  and  licensed  to  preach  in  1832,  and 
preached  in  his  native  country  ten  years.  Came 
to  America  in  1842.  Settled  in  Kenosha,  Wis- 
consin. Joined  the  Rock  River  conference  in 
1844.  Appointed  to  Dixon,  Illinois,  for  one  year. 
Fell  into  the  'Wisconsin  conference  in  1845,  at 
its  organization,  and  was  stationed  one  year  at 
Light  House  Point,  and  one  year  at  Platteville  ; 
also  stationed  at  Dodgeville  and  Watertown. 
Came  from  the  Baraboo  conference  to  ilinnesota 
in  1853,  by  order  of  Bishop  Scott,  to  take  charge 
of  the  Minnesota  district  as  presiding  elder,  em- 
bracing all  the  territory  of  Minnesota  and  seven- 
teen thousand  square  miles  of  Wisconsin.  Was 
its  presiding  elder  four  years,  making  appoint- 
ments and  filling  them,  that  reached  from  the 
southern  line  of  tlie  state  to  Lake  Superior.  Was 
the  presiding  elder  of  Lake  Superior  district  two 
years,  by  appointment  from  the  ^V'inona  confer- 
ence ;  then  from  the  Minneapolis  conference  to 
the  Minneapolis  district,  by  Bishop  Baker,  for 
foiu-  years.  Appointed  to  the  Monticello  circuit 
for  two  years,  and  one  year  agent  for  the  Ilamline 
University  ;  then  five  years  agent  for  the  Amer- 
ican Bible  Society.  Was  then  sent  by  Bishop 
Clark  to  the  Sauk  Centre  district  as  presiding  el- 
der for  two  years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  the 
work  in  the  ujiper  district  was  re-organized  by 
Bishop  Haven,  necessitating  a  change  in  the  pre- 
siding elder's  district.  From  Sauk  Centre  he 
went  to  Brooldyn  Centre  one  year  ;  from  there  to 
Cliamplin  and  Maple  Grove  for  three  years.  At 
the  end  of  that  time  lie  again  took  the  agency  of 
the  American  Bible  Society  for  two  years.  The 
first  winter  he  came  to  Miimesota,  he  ol)tained  a 
charter  for  the  Hamline  University,  and  named 
it,  and  in  the  following  season  obtaiucci  from 
Bisliop  Hamline,  from  whom  it  takes  its  name, 
the  munificent  sum  of  twenty-flve  thousand  dol- 
lars. Was  tlie  first  president  of  the  boai'd  of 
trustee's  of  the  institution. 

In  June,  1855,  he  left  St.  Paul,  camping  iml  In 
theo|)eu  air  on  his  way  to  Fort  Ripley,  from 
there  with  a  guide  to  assist,  put  his  boat  into  the 
Mississippi  river,  paddling  on  to  Sandy  ]>ake, 
East  Savannah  river,  St-  Louis  river,  tlicnce  to 
Suiierior  Bay,  carrying  his  canoe  across  portages 


520 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


vanunft  in  distance  from  one  mile  to  ten;  when 
in  St.  Lonis  river,  had  an  encounter  with  a  black 
bear,  who  wanted  to  take  passage  on  the  hoat  or 
give  him  the  bear"s  hug.  Tills  he  objected  to, 
and  having  no  weapon  bnt  his  oar  which  he  used 
industriously  about  the  bears  head  and  fore  paws, 
spattering  water  in  his  face  until  he  was  glad  to 
beat  a  retreat,  shaking  the  water  from  hissliaggy 
eye  brows,  so  that  he  could  see  which  way  to 
make  his  escape.  Landed  in  Superior  at  the  head 
of  the  lake,  and  preadied  the  first  protestant  ser- 
mon ever  heard  there,  also  obtained  a  site  and  lot 
for  a  church,  ilarried  Jliss  Ann  Moseley,  who 
died  of  cholera  in  18.50;  married  again  in  1852  to 
Margiiret  W.  I'rior.  They  liave  had  live  cliildrcn. 
Jal>ez,  .losia,  Kinma,  Adiii,  and  Amy  A. 

Jabez  Brooks,  D.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Greek 
Language  and  Literature  at  tlie  I'niversity  of 
Minnesota,  was  born  in  England.  Wlien  a  youth 
his  parents  emigrated  to  America  and  settled  in 
Wisconsin  in  1842,  at  Southport,  now  Kenosha. 
At  this  jKiint  he  pui-sued  his  studies  at  Southport 
Academy.  After  finishing  his  jneparatory  studies 
in  tlie  West  he  entered  the  .sophomore  class  in 
Wfcsleyan  University  atMiddletown,  Connecticut, 
in  1K47,  and  graduated  in  1S.5(».  lie  maintained 
him.self  while  pursuing  his  studies  l)y  teaching 
and  ]«'rforming  whatever  labor  he  could  get. 
After  graduating  he  came  to  Wisconsin  and  con- 
ducle<l  until  l.s">l  a  seminary  at  Watert<iwn.  Wis- 
consin, lie  next  occuiiied  the  chair  of  tJreek  and 
Mathematics  in  Lawrence  I'niversity  at  Apple- 
ton,  Wisconsin.  In  18.54,  he  was  elected  i>rinci- 
pal  of  the  prepatatory  <le|iartment  of  Ilaniline 
Tniversity  at  Hed  Wing,  and  entered  ujjon  his 
duties  on  the  16Ui  of  November,  and  during 
18.54  .5  he  was  pastor  of  the  Methcxiist  l';pi>c()|)al 
church  at  tlial  i>laci-.  In  18.57  8,  ill-licallh  com- 
jK-lled  him  to  retire  from  teaching.  In  18()1 
he  was  elected  president  of  Ilamline  Tniversity, 
which  iiosition  lie  retained  unlit  18(i!i,  when  he 
resigned,  and  the  same  year  was  elected  professor 
of  (ireek  at  the  I'niversity.  Since  18()l)  lie  lias 
coiitinuotisly  held  that  position,  and  for  several 
years  after  the  dc-ccase  of  I'rofcssor  Walker  in 
187<1,  hail  charge  of  the  de|)artnient  of  Latin  al.so. 
During  his  presidency  of  Ilamline  Inlveinity, 
I'rofessor  HnHiks  was  a  meniber  of  the  Stale 
Normal  schmil  board,  the  Agricultunil  College 
Ixtard,  llie  genend  conference  of  the   Metliodisl 


Episcoiwl  church,  .and  commissioner  of  Indian 
pa\  ments.  Mr.  Brooks  was  married  in  1854  to 
Miss  Kuby  B.  Pearce.  of  Watertowii,  Wisconsin, 
and  lias  had  five  children:  The  eldest,  Adin  P., 
died  February  2d,  1881,  U.  Uenslow,  Olive  E., 
'  now  Mrs.  E.  T.  Sykes,  Anna  E.  and  Lucia  May. 

Ole  Brohaugli.  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born 
August  2(ilh,  1SJ2.  Ilecameto  the  riiited  States 
in  1869  and  located  in  Red  Wing,  Minnesota, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  farming  until  1874.  He 
then  .started  a  meat  market,  in  wliich  he  con- 
tinued one  year,  wlien  he  came  to  Minneapolis 
and  opened  a  meat  market  with  a  partner.  In 
January,  1880,  Mr.  Brohaugli  bought  his  part- 
ner's interest  and  lias  since  continued  alone.  Mr. 
Brohaugli  was  married  in  1878,  to  Albertine  Han- 
son, who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Clara. 

Baldwin  Brown  was  liorn  in  Rochester,  New 
York,  February  7th.  18;<8.  He  came  to  St.  An- 
thony in  1849,  in  company  willi  liis  parents.  His 
first  enterprise  was  freighting  from  St.  Paul  and 
St.  Anthony  to  tlie  different  government  posts. 
lie  dealt  in  liorses,  cattli'  and  real  estate  for 
several  years,  and  in  18G2,  built  the  old  "St,  Cloud 
Hotel."  He  was  engaged  in  different  pursuits 
until  1870,  when  he  opened  a  livery  and  sale 
stable,  Mr.  Brown  was  member  of  city  coimcil 
from  '72  to  '77,  member  of  legislature  '73  and  was 
elected  member  of  board  of  county  coiumissionei's 
Ileniiepiii  county,  fall  of  18S(1.  He  married  Em- 
ma Day  in  1865.  Their  cliildnn  arc.  Cliarles, 
William.  Baldwin  and  Frederick. 

Benjamin  J.  Brown  was  born  in  .Maine,  April 
4th,  1821,  A  few  years  in  early  life  were  devoted 
to  lumbering,  and  at  twenty-six  years  of  age  en- 
gaged in  traveling  business,  in  which  he  remained 
about  six  years,  and  in  ls.52came  to  St.  .\iitliony. 
Here  lie  commenced  the  liinibering  business,  in 
wliicli  he  was  successtiil  until  the  great  linancial 
crash  of  Is57.  He  is  now  employed  as  overseer 
ill  lumbering  camps.  .Mr.  Brown  was  the  tirst 
marslial  of  St.  ,\iitlioii\.  He  was  also  interested 
with  Anson  Nortluup  in  the  civilization  of  mur- 
derous Indians,  by  the  hemp  method,  in  1857, 
lie  was  marriecl  to  .Nellie  Carletoii.  .Vjiril  8th. 
18.5.5.  'I'liey  liM\c  ten  elijldieii  living,  two  of 
wlmiii.  11(11  lliiii-e  and  Nellie.  Were  liiini  at  Crow 
Wing.  Ih  ing  the  lii;,t  white  chililien  born  in  that 
region,  and  .Mis.  Brown  the  second  white  woman 
who  lived  ill  that  locality. 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


621 


C.  D.  Brown  was  bom  in  Maine,  in  1835.  At 
eigliteen  years  of  age,  he  learned  the  trade  of 
wagon-maker,  and  has  continued  in  tliat  business 
since,  except  tlu'ee  years  spent  at  sea.  He  came 
to  St.  Antliony  in  1857,  and  in  the  fall  of  1859  es- 
tablished opposite  the  Fillsbury  "A"'  mill.  Mr. 
Brown  enlisted,  in  1862,  in  the  First  Minnesota 
battery,  and  was  discharged  at  the  end  of  one  year 
on  account  of  failing  health.  After  returning,  he 
opened  a  shop  near  the  present  location,  which 
was  burned  in  1869;  soon  after  he  located  at  his 
present  shop,  417  Main  street,  S.  E.  Mr.  Brown 
was  married,  in  1859,  to  Henrietta  Murphy  who 
has  borne  him  four  children. 

F.  D.  Brown  was  born  at  Vienna,  Maine,  May, 
1847.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  with  his  parents 
in  1854.  He  learned  the  trade  of  blacksmith  of 
his  brother,  when  he  was  so  small  he  was  obliged 
to  stand  on  a  block  to  strike  the  anvil.  "Brown 
Brothers' "'  were  the  first  tires  starteil  in  the  C. 
M.  &  St.  P.  R.  R.  shops.  Mr.  Brown  was  mar- 
ried, in  1870,  to  Miss  E.  8.  Lindstrom.  They  have 
two  children,  May  and  Xellie.  Levi  Brown,  his 
father,  started  the  first  blacksmith  shop  on  the 
west  side,  and  died  in  1857. 

J.  H.  Brown  is  a  native  of  Canada,  and  was 
born  September  16th,  1856.  He  married  Eliza- 
beth Gipson,  June  2d,  1879.  They  have  one 
daughter.  His  early  life  was  spent  in  the  hotel 
business.  During  the  summer  of  1880,  he  moved 
to  ilinneapolis,  and  now  has  a  sample  room,  527 
Washington  Avenue  soutli. 

J.  M.  Brown  was  born  at  Wiutlirop.  Maine, 
August  19th,  1839.  He  came  to  this  city  in  1869, 
where  he  engaged  in  lumbering  three  years,  then 
bought  a  shingle  mill  at  Belknap,  on  tlie  Saint 
Paul  and  Duluth  Railroad.  He  had  this  mill  in 
operation  four  years,  then  returned  to  Minneap- 
olis. Smce  1878,  he  has  been  engineer  in  the 
I^orth  Star  Planing  Mill.  Mr.  Brown  married 
Ada  Dean.  December  25th.  1.S67. 

W.  W.  iirown  was  bom  in  \'(Miii(i]it.  in  1848. 
He  moved  to  Iowa  in  1863,  and  followed  the 
hotel  business  fifteen  years.  He  removed  to 
Lake  Calhoun,  Mhniesota,  in  1878,  and  after 
having  in  charge,  one  year,  the  Lake  Side  House, 
he  ('ame  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  has  sine*  re- 
sided. He  is  now  the  proprietoi-  of  Die  Tlieatre 
Comi(iue,  and  also  of  the  Shemiau  House,  129 
Second  street  north. 


Zelora  E.  Brown,  was  born  in  Brookfield,  Mad- 
ison county,  New  York,  February  9tli,  1834. 
When  four  years  of  age,  his  parents  moved  to 
Genesee,  New  York,  where  his  father  received 
a  severe  injury,  by  a  falling  tree,  which  resulted 
in  his  back  being  broken;  and  what  is  quite  re- 
markable, he  is  still  in  good  health,  having 
lived  the  last  forty  years  with  his  lower  limbs 
paralyzed.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one,  Mr.  Brown 
came  west,  but  soon  returned  to  New  York, 
where  he  married  Miss  Mary  R.  Armstrong, 
December  30th  1856.  They  came  to  Dakota, 
Wisconsin,  in  1859,  where  he  engaged  in  farming 
until  1861,  when  he  was  drafted,  but  accepted 
the  alternative  of  paying  three  hundred  dollars, 
and  remained  with  his  familj-.  Li  the  fall  of  the 
same  year  he  engaged  with  N.  F.  Griswold,  of 
Beaver  Dam,  Wisconsin,  as  traveling  agent  for 
agricultural  implements,  witli  whom  he  remained 
four  years,  three  years  of  the  time  being  spent  at 
Rochester,  Minnesota,  where  he  was  superintend- 
ent of  Mr.  Griswold's  business  in  that  section. 
Here,  a  son,  Walter  R.,  was  born  to  him.  He 
then  moved  to  Irvington,  Iowa,  and  become  a 
partner  with  J.  R.  Armstrong,  in  a  genei-al  mer- 
chandise store,  remaining  five  years.  Another 
child  w'as  born  there.  Clarence  Z.  In  1871,  Mr. 
Brown  came  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  again  en- 
gaged as  solicitor  and  collector  for  Mr.  Griswold, 
traveling  seventy-five  thousand  miles  by  team. 
He  formed  a  partnership  witli  II.  O.  Hamlin,  in 
1877,  which  still  exists,  deaUng  in  real  estate. 

J.  B.  Bronillette  was  born  in  ('anada,  in  1824. 
He  was  a  dry  goods  merchant  in  his  native  place 
three  years,  then  moved  to  New  Orleans,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  the  Saint  Charles  hotel  five 
years;  thence  to  California,  where  he  was  in  the 
hotel  business  five  years;  thence  to  Australia,  re- 
maining there  two  years,  lie  also  si)ent  several 
years  in  Washington  Tciiritory,  Oregon  and  tlie 
British  Possessions,  engaged  in  farming  and 
mining.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1879,  where 
he  has  since  remaini  d.  .Mr.  Mrouillette  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Jane  Hcnwick.  Their  living  chil- 
dren are  Mary,  Joseph,  James,  Louise,  and\'i<^tor. 

James  Bryant  was  born  at  Bedford,  Indiana, 
Jamiary  22d,  1843.  He  came  with  his  parents  to 
.Miimeapolis  in  1856;  his  father,  R.  R.  Bryant  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  liusiness  on  Washington  Av- 
enue.   In  1861,  James  Bryant  enlisted  in  the 


522 


UlSTOBY  OF  BENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


First  Minnesota  'N'olunteer  Infantry;  he  was 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  in  1S63,  and 
in  July.  lSfi.5.  was  honoralily  discliarged.  He 
was  elected  register  of  deeds  for  Ileiniepin  coun- 
ty, ill  18G(),  which  oflice  he  held  until  1871.  He 
then  entered  uixni  the  abstract  business,  in  which 
lie  continued  until  ISTii.  when  he  entered  the 
clerk's  otlice  as  deputy  clerk  of  court  and  served 
until  Jaiiiian .  issl.  when  he  again  went  into 
the  abstract  business.  Mr.  liryant  was  married 
in  this  city  to  Miss  Abbie  Robinson,  in  Xovem- 
l)er,  186.5.  They  have  had  six  cliildrcn.  live  of 
whom  are  living. 

Henry  Biickendorf  is  a  German,  and  was  born 
November  'M.  1S44.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Germany  until  the  age  of  lifteen,  when 
he  learned  the  business  of  florist.  He  served  one 
and  a  half  years  in  the  Prussian  army.  Soon  af- 
ter, he  eini^'rated  to  the  I'nited  States,  comiiifjf  di- 
rectly to  Minneapolis,  where  he  at  once  engaged 
in  the  business  of  florist,  in  whidi  be  still  con- 
tinues, and  has  one  of  the  linesl  establishments 
in  the  city.     Mr.  Huckendorf  is  unmarried. 

William  Huckendorf  was  born  in  (Jermany,  in 
1833.  He  attenile<l  the  i)ublic  sdiools  of  his  na- 
tive counlrv  luitil  1S4K.  He  then  was  instructed 
in  (loral  gardening.  In  18.57  he  came  to  America 
with  Judge  Ames,  and  was  in  the  employ  of  Dr. 
Ames  until  IKCS.  when  be  luirchascd  bis  present 
gardens.  Mr.  Huckendorf  was  the  (irst  florist  in 
this  city.  He  was  married  to  Barbara  Weber 
S<'ptember.  18(io.  who  died  sixteen  years  later, 
leaving  four  children.  Mr.  Huckendorf  was  mar- 
ried in  October,  I87K,  (o  Maria  (ierdis. 

Martin  Huerfening  was  born  in  Prussia,  Octo- 
Ikt  l.'Uli,  1847.  lie  hved  in  his  native  country 
twenty-one  years,  dinlMg  which  lime  he  learned 
hanie.sH-making.  In  18ii8  he  came  to  .America,  pro- 
c«C'ding  dirwtly  to  Minneapolis,  wlnrc  lii>  settled, 
and  worked  at  bis  trade  until  187.5.  He  was  then 
appointed  on  the  police  force,  where  be  has  since 
ofllr'iated.  He  waH  married  to  Kusteua  Weinard, 
of  Wilmington.  Delaware,  in  1873.  who  bore  liim 
three  children  :     Ida.  .Mary,  and  Anna. 

(;.  ('.  HuglH-e  was  burn  at  SI.  Jolinsbiny,  \'<-r- 
nionl,  April  1.5tli.  1837.  lie  was  reared  to  nian- 
hocKl  In  bis  native  place,  and  In   18^57  came  to 

Mliinea|Nills.     Mr.  Itugl luadcd  tlii.  lirst  1 ber 

fur  shipment  from  this  city,  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
Maukecand  SI.  I'aul  Kailtoad.  and  Iia8  Ijcen  en- 


gaged in  that  business  since.  He  is  at  present 
with  the  Minneaiiolis  and  St.  Louis  Railwav.  also 
St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  .Manitoba  liailway.  Mr. 
Bugbee  was  married  at  St.  Paul.  May  22d,  1863, 
to  Miss  Dora  M.  Gabcrt. 

Edward  Burke  was  born  at  .\binlello.  ^\■iscon- 
sin,  August  ]!)tb,  1857.  ^\'liile  yet  a  l)oy  he 
moved  with  bis  ))arenfs  to  AViuona,  Minnesota. 
At  the  age  of  twelve  lie  (■(luiincnced  as  a  miller 
at  Minnesota  City,  and  remained  for  five  years 
in  the  employ  of  the  Winona  Mill  Company  of 
that  place.  In  May  187i),  he  removed  to  Munie- 
apolis,  where  he  was  employed  in  the  Washburn 
Mills  eight  months ;  he  then  engaged  with  the 
Standard  Mill  as  packer,  and  lias  since  remained 
at  that  place. 

L.  W.  Burrell  was  born  July  Kitb.  1.8.52,  at 
Dover,  Maine.  Here  lie  attended  school  until 
eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  changed  bis  home 
to  Ciearfleld,  Pennsylvania;  he  then  learned 
blacksmlthing.  In  1872  he  rem<ived  to  JMiinie- 
apolis ;  for  six  yearshe  was  in  the  employ  of  other 
parties,  and  in  1S78  opened  a  shop  and  resumed 
his  trade,  until  the  establishment  of  the  Hame 
Factory.  Mr.  Burrell  was  married  November, 
1877,  to  Miss  Flora  Rich,  who  bore  him  twdcliild- 
dren.  Rose  and  Thomas. 

AVilliam  E.  Burwell  was  boni  at  P.ulTalo.  New 
York.  Novemlier  24tli.  1844.  He  moved  to  New- 
York  city  in  1854.  thence  to  Minneapolis.  Novem- 
ber 4tli.  1.S74.  Here  he  entered  the  First  Na- 
tional Hank  as  general  book-keeiier. which  ixisition 
he  held  until  May.  18,S(l.  he  then  being  elected  as- 
sistant cashier  of  the  Xcirtliwestcin  Xatimial 
Hank. 

<■.  iv.  jliislinilj  was  liiirn  in  .lellVrson  countv, 
New  Vork.  Xoveniber.  18:i2.  lie  engaged  in  farm- 
inguntil  I8t8,  when  he  w'cnt  to  liacine, Wisconsin, 
and  learned  the  machinists  trade ;  here  he  re- 
niaiiieil  until  I.S55.  tlien  removed  to  Waconda 
conntv.  Illinois.  In  18.57  he  located  at  Lake  City, 
Minnesota,  emploved  in  iiiaiiiil'aetiire  of  sa.sh, 
doors,  blinds. etc.  Meeting  with  icverses,  caused 
by  the  iianic  of  18.57,  he  was  made  destitute  and 
through  the  winter  of  "57  ".58  he  subsisted  princi- 
pally on  corn  meal  and  molasses.  In  18(12  he 
went  to  St.  Paul  and  was  empliiycd  in  the  Pio- 
neer foundry,  by  Mr.  (iillman  ;  the  s|iiing  lollow- 
ing  he  came  to  St.  Anthony  and  engaged  with 
Charles  Scott  in  his  foundry.     Mr.  Hushnell  start- 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


523 


ed  a  machine  shop  in  1864,  on  the  west  side  of 
the  river  and  made  the  shafting  for  the  first  wool- 
en mill  ever  built  in  this  city.  lie  sold  out  in 
I860,  and  that  year  formed  a  co-partnership  known 
as  C.  R.  Bushnell  and  Co.,  but  afterwards  better 
known  as  the  St.  Anthony  Iron  Works.  Since 
January,  1880,  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Bushnell  and  Spear,  Northwestern  Stove 
Works.  Mr.  Bushnell  was  married  September, 
1855,  to  Miss  Delia  Kitz.  Their  children  are, 
Charles,  Artliur  and  Elbert. 

Louis  Buschjost  was  born  in  (iermany,  Feb- 
ruary 14th,  1850.  He  acquired  a  knowledge  of 
shoe-making  in  his  native  country,  and  worked 
at  it  until  1874,when  he  came  to  the  Ihiitecl  States. 
He  first  settled  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  thence  to 
Saint  Joseph,  Missouri,  where  he  remained  until 
1877,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  has  since 
continued  in  his  business.  Mr.  Buschjost  was 
married  to  Emma  Altwein,  of  Wisconsin,  who 
bore  him  a  son;  Otto. 

B.  F.  Butler  was  l)orn  in  Maine,  in  182!).  He 
moved  to  Detroit,  Michigan,  in  1854,  and  was 
with  the  Michigan  Central  railroad.  lu  1S56,  he 
located  at  Minneapolis,  engaged  in  the  sash  and 
blind  business;  a  few  montlis  after,  he  took  a 
claim  at  Forest  City,  remaining  on  it  one  year; 
thence  to  Fair  Haven,  Stearns  county,  and  pur- 
chased a  farm,  which  he  tilled  until  1873.  He 
then  rebmied  to  this  city,  where  he  has  been  em- 
ployed in  the  North  Star  Iron  Works  and  mill- 
wright in  the  different  mills  throughout  the 
state.  Married  ]Miss  Eliza  Tucker,  in  1800. 
They  have  one  child  living;  Allana. 

G.  S.  Butler  was  born  at  Clinton,  New  York, 
March  4th,  1834.  He  engaged  in  book-keeping 
for  twenty  years  previous  to  liis  entering  mer- 
cantile business.  He  located  in  MiinieapoUs  in 
1876.  Mr.  Butler  was  mamed  August  Gth,  1862, 
at  Clinton,  New  York,  to  Miss  Sojihia  A.  C!om- 
stock;  Harriet  E.,  and  Alice  B.,  are  their  chil- 
dren. 

H.  C.  Butler  was  born  in  Maine,  in  1HH8,  wliere 
he  remained  until  coming  to  Minneapolis,  in 
1857.  He  is  the  pnjprietor  of  tlie  Minneapolis 
Mill  Pick  Depot  and  Iron  Works,  which  business 
be  has  earned  on  since  his  coming  to  the  city. 
Mr.  Butler  was  married  to  Miss  Eunice  L.  Baine 
of  this  city,  in  1857.     They  have  seven  children. 

AV.  E.  Butler  is  a  native  of  Maine,  born  May, 


1848.  At  twelve  years  of  age  he  learned  the 
trade  of  saw  filer,  and  continued  in  it  until  1871, 
when  he  commenced  learning  photography  of  W. 
II.  Jacoby.  In  1874  lie  commenced  business  in 
his  present  location  on  Central  Avenue,  Nicollet 
Island.  Mr.  Butler  does  a  general  photographic 
business,  including  portraits  in  India  ink,  water 
colors,  and  oil.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Fannie 
Whittier,  of  this  city,  in  1872.  They  have  one 
son:  Henry  Edwin. 

F.  G.  Buttolph  was  born  at  Troy,  Oakland 
county,  Michigan,  December  5th,  1847.  At  the 
ageof  sixteen,  he  accompanied  his  parents  to  Can- 
ada, where  he  learned  his  trade,  that  of  dyeing,  and 
engaged  in  it  until  1878,  wlien  he  came  to  ^lin- 
neapolis.  In  addition  to  his  dyeing  works  here, 
he  has  a  hat  establishment,  in  which  he  renovates 
silk,  felt,  and  straw  hats. 

T.  J.  Buxton  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Pennsylvania,  November  18th,  1833.  He  moved 
with  his  parents,  to  Union  county,  Ohio,  1835, 
where  he  resided  on  a  farm  until  twenty-one 
years  of  age.  He  began  banking  business  at 
Marysville,  as  cashier,  wliere  he  continued  six 
years.  Mr.  Buxton  raised  Company  "E,"  Sixty- 
sixth  Regiment,  Ohio  Infantry,  and  entered  the 
field,  in  West  Virginia,  in  1862.  He  participated 
in  several  of  the  most  prominent  engagements, 
being  taken  prisoner,  at  Port  Repulilic,  and  held 
as  such  in  Salisbury  and  Lil)l)y  prisons,  for  four 
months.  In  1869  he  located  at  Minneapolis  and 
opened  the  City  Bank,  in  which  he  has  served  as 
cashier  since.  He  has  also  held  the  office  of  city 
treasurer  for  four  terms.  Mr.  Buxton  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Delia  A.  (iriffin,  of  Delaware  county, 
Ohio.    Their  children  are:  Bessie  and  Marie. 

James  Byrnes  is  a  native  of  Ireland.  He  ac- 
companied Ids  parents  to  America  in  1852,  locat- 
ing on  a  farm,  in  Hennepin  county,  Minnesota; 
he  remained  with  his  parents  three  years,  then 
spent  two  years  in  Saint  Anthony.  At  the  age 
of  seventeen  he  learned  tlie  lilacksmith's  trade. 
Mr.  Byrnes  was  in  the  south  three  years,  diu-ing 
the  war.  He  <'ame  to  this  city,  in  1865,  and 
opened  a  blacksmith  shop.  He  married  Julia  F. 
Sullivan,  in  1865,  who  has  been  a  resident  of  this 
state  twenty-six  years.  They  have  five  children 
Mving,  and  have  lost  three  sons.  Mr.  Byrne's 
shop  is  located  at  104  First  street  south,  where  he 
employs  three  men. 


S24 


BISTORT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


CIIAPTEK    lAWII. 

BIOGRAPHICAL,   C    AND   D. 

\\".  F.  Caliill  came  to  iliimeapolis  in  1853.  He 
iHiuglit  tlic  Island  mill  in  ISHO.  and  operated  it 
until  IhTO.  when  it  was  destroyed  liy  fire.  The 
same  year  he  built  the  IloUy  mills,  and  also  the 
Florence  mill  at  Stillwater.  Cahill  and  Company 
I)urdiased  the  Dakota  mill,  in  l.sTa.  and  in  1.S77 
the  Gala.xy.  from  the  Ankeny  estate.  The  latter 
mill  was  destroyed  by  the  explosion  of  Alay, 
1878,  and  rebuilt  by  Cahill,  Fletcher  and  Compa- 
ny, in  1878-9.  Il  was  oiicned  in  December  of  the 
latter  year.  Mr.  Cahill  also  had  an  interest  in 
the  Minnetonka  mill,  from  1875  to  1877.  lie  was 
married  in  185.3,  to  .Sarah  M.  Bailey.  Their  chil- 
dren are:  Florence,  now  the  wife  of  F.  Green. 
leaf,  Mariam  B.,  now  Mrs.  F.  Ilinkle,  Helen  E. 
now  the  wife  of  \V.  T.  Maxlield;  Paul  W..  died  at 
the  age  of  four  years. 

James  Cain  came  to  Minnesota  in  18()3,  and  for 
live  years  was  engaged  in  farming  in  Dakota 
county;  then  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1868,  and 
followed  lumbering  seven  years.  In  1875  be  en 
gaged  in  saloon  business  on  Second  street  north 
where  he  remained  two  yeai"s,  then  moved  to  his 
pre.sent  l<H-atioii.  lil  Hennci>in  Avenue.  Septem. 
l»eri!7th.  Is7(j.  he  married  Frances  .Murphy. 

T.  H.  Cain  was  born  in  March,  185ii.  In  curly 
life  he  went  to  ('anandaigua.  New  York,  llicnce 
t<>  Clinton,  Iowa,  anil  learned  the  trade  of  horse- 
shoer.  He  l<M-at<'(l  at  Minneapolis  in  October, 
1H7K.  Here  he  worked  for  dilTerenl  parties  until 
March.  188(),  when  the  existing  firm  of  Keep  & 
Cain  was  formed. 

(ieorge  Calladine.  harness  and  horse  furnish- 
ings, 16  First  street  north.  He  was  born  in  Hert- 
fordshire, Kngland.  in  1827.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-two  lie  i-ntered  the  army  and  served  as 
Ka<l<ller.  three  years,  in  the  Klevenlli  Ilnssars.  In 
1852,  he  went  to  Au.stralia.  and  remained  three 
years;  returned  to  Kngland.  and  in  I8.j(!  came  to 
-Miiuiesota;  settled  at  Uockford.  Wright  comity, 
where  be  still  owns  IJIo  acres  of  land.  At  the 
lireaking  out  of  the  war.  .Mr.  Calladine  recruit<'d 
a  company  on  money  raiseil  by  the  sale  of  bis 
live  Ht<H-k;of  this  company  he  wa.slli-st  Ilent4'iiaiit, 
and  serv'ed  three  years  and  six  months;  wiis  mus- 


tered out  as  captain  at  Chicago  in  1865.  He  par- 
ticipated in  many  of  the  principal  engagements 
of  the  war,  and  was  provost  marshal  for  (ieneral 
Bnrnside  during  his  Tennessee  campaign.  In 
1866,  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  in  the 
harness  business  with  !Mr.  Pavitt;  since  1870  Mr. 
Calladine  has  carried  on  the  trade  alone.  He 
was  married  in  lS(iG  to  Margaret  McDonald,  of 
Chicago.  They  have  two  cliildren,  Caroline  M. 
and  Margaret  F. 

Dr.  Arthur  A.  Camp  was  born  in  Jersey  City, 
New  Jersey,  August  loth,  1850.  He  was  educat- 
ed in  Burlington,  ^'ermont,  graduated  from  the 
University  of  that  place.  In  1869,  he  learned  the 
drug  liiisiness  at  Saratoga  Springs,  and  continued 
in  il  until  1875,  when  he  removed  to  New  York 
and  was  engaged  as  assistant  house  physician  in 
a  hospital.  He  studied  medicine  and  graduated 
from  New  York  IIomeo|iatliic  Medical  College  in 
1878;  he  came  directly  to  Minneapolis,  and  has 
since  been  in  continuous  practice  here.  He  was 
elected  president  of  the  Homeopalitic  Medical 
Society  of  Hennepin  county,  in  Sei)tember,  1879, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1880.  Dr.  Camp  married 
Miss  Mary  Walton,  at  Saratoga  Springs,  in  1878. 
They  have  one  child;  Arthur  "\V. 

John  McK.Camplicll.  contractorand  builder.  Is 
a  native  of  Scotlaml.  wlicrc  he  waslioni  January 
Isl.  1842.  He  emigrated  with  his  i)arents  to 
Prince  Edward  Island  in  1813.  In  ISoti,  he  en- 
tered the  coast  merchant  sailing,  and  continued 
luitil  1863,  when  be  returned  home  and  served  an 
aiiprenticeship  at  ship  building;  then  went  to  sea 
for  one  year;  belauded  in  New  York,  traveled 
about  through  .several  stales  and  finally  settled  in 
Owatonna,  Minnesota,  where  he  remained  three 
yi'ais  doing  carpenter  work.  He  removed  to 
Minneapolis  in  I87(l,  and  has  since  been  engaged 
here  in  contracting.  In  1873,  he  niiirried  .Mary 
Morrison.  Three  children  have  been  born  to 
them;  .\mia  Belle.  Alvin  B.  and  Mary. 

E.  C.  Cauvet,  of  the  firm  of  Cauvet  and  Ueid, 
was  born  in  New  York  city,  November  -Itli,  1836. 
Me  enlisted  May  24th,  1861,  in  Company  C,  42d 
New  York  Infantry.  At  the  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff 
be  was  iiiomoteil  to  second  lieiiteniuit.  and  first 
liciili'Maiil  at  Anlietain.  1  )i'ci-nibtT  13th.  1862, 
at  the  battle  of  Frcdcricksbiirg.  he  was  ini>niote(l 
to  cajitaln  ;  and  .laiiiiary  1st.  1S6I.  was  appointed 
lussistiint  provost  marshal,  imder  General   Ilaii 


BIOGBAPBICAL. 


525 


cock.  He  held  this  office  until  June,  1864.  Was 
mustered  out  at  New  York  city,  July  1.3th,  1.%+. 
After  leavhig  the  service  he  went  iutothe  plumb- 
ing business  at  Xew  York,  which  he  continued 
ten  years.  In  February,  1S74,  he  came  to  Minne- 
apolis, and  has  been  in  liusiness  here  since  that 
time.  His  wife  was  Emma  Knight,  whom  he 
married  January  8th,  18G6.  Three  children  have 
been  born  to  them ;  only  one  is  living,  A'iiila  L. 

Casper  Cantieny,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was 
born  in  1807.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1850, 
and  located  in  Ohio  for  five  years,  during  which 
time  he  followed  house  carpentering.  He  then 
spent  two  years  in  Illinois  and  three  in  Wiscon- 
sin, in  the  hotel  business ;  also  kept  the  Garden 
City  Hotel  of  St.  Paul  two  years.  In  1861  he  en- 
listed in  the  First  JSIinnesota  Cavalry,  and  served 
seventeen  months.  From  that  time  he  worked  at 
the  carpenter's  trade  in  St.  Paul  and  l?ed  Wing, 
until  1865,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  fol- 
lowed his  trade  here  four  years.  In  1879  he  erect- 
ed the  building  he  now  uses  for  a  liquor,  cigar  and 
confectionery  store.  No.  1  Nicollet  Avenue.  He 
was  married  in  1848,  to  Maria  Coray.  Tliey  have 
four  children. 

T.  J.  Canney,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  was 
born  in  Tuftenborough,  October  27th,  1831.  He 
came  to  Wright  comity,  Minnesota,  in  1857,  moved 
to  Clear  Water  in  18.59,  thence  to  ^Mnnieapolis  in 
1864  and  started  a  dairy,  wliicli  liusiness  he  con- 
tinued until  1876,  when  he  purcliased  the  state 
right  for  patent  concrete  sidewalks.  He  was 
married  in  1855,  to  Julia  Smith  of  New  Ilamp- 
shire.  Their  children  are:  Fred,  Frank,  John, 
Flora,  Bessie  and  George  ;  the  latter  died  in  1876 
aged  twelve  years.  Mr.  Canney  is  contractor  in 
concrete  walks  and  drive  ways,  also  house  ami 
bam  roof  painting,  with  fire  and  water  iinicif 
paint ;  No.  1929  Western  Avenue. 

E.  J.  Carlin  was  born  at  Troy,  New  York,  in 
1848.  When  a  child  he  went  with  his  parents  to 
Binghamton, New  York  and  remained  uiili!  187(1, 
when  he  removed  to  Iowa.  In  1871  lie  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the 
cooper  business,  with  the  exception  of  three  years 
passed  in  Philadelphia.  His  wife  was  Klla 
McCarthy,  whom  he  married  in  1875.  Their  resi- 
dence is  No.  714  Seventeenth  Avenue  south. 
Mr.  Carlin  was  one  of  the, founders  and  is  a  char- 


ter member  of  the  Hennepin  County  Barrel  Com- 
pany. 

G.  C.  Carr,  bcuii  in  Lauderdale,  Mississippi, 
Jiuie  1st,  1859.  His  parents  were  slaves  and  his 
father  died  in  the  great  struggle  for  freedom  ;  his 
mother  came  to  this  city  with  her  children,  and 
at  the  age  of  six  years  G.  C.  was  obliged  to  go  on 
the  street  blacking  boots  and  selling  papers,  until 
1870,  when  he  commenced  attending  the  public 
schools ;  his  love  for  penmanship  induced  him 
to  turn  nearly  his  whole  attention  in  that  di- 
rection. In  1875  he  went  to  Red  Wing  and 
worked  as  shop-boy  in  a  barber's  sliop  morn- 
ings and  evenings,  attendhig  school  durmg  the 
day.  He  remained  until  1878,  having  learned 
the  barlier's  trade.  His  business  enabled  him  to 
attend  Commercial  college,  and  he  is  now  bend- 
ing his  energies  to  perfect  himself  in  penman- 
ship, with  a  view  to  teaching.  His  place  of  bus- 
iness is  at  409  Hennepin  Avenue. 

L.  S.  Carr,  head  miller  at  the  Union  Mill,  was 
born  at  Watertown,  Wisconsin,  February  23d, 
1851.  He  learned  milling  at  home,  where  he 
worked  abiiut  seven  years;  he  came  here  in  Sep- 
tember, 1874,  and  was  in  the  AVashl)urn  A  mill 
until  May  2d,  1878.  On  that  day  Mr.  Carr  left 
the  mill  three  minutes  before  six  o'clock,  and  at 
ten  minutes  after  six  the  explosion  occurred  which 
left  the  mill  a  mass  of  ruins.  After  this  he 
worked  in  the  Pillsbury,  the  Washburn  B  and 
the  Washlnirn  C  mills  until  March  1st,  1880,  when 
he  went  to  the  Union  mill,  lie  was  married  May 
29th,  1878,  to  IdaK.  Ripley. 

E.  D.  Case  was  born  in  Minneapolis,  October 
2d,  1857.  He  was  married  Decendier  24th,  1878, 
to  Eva  M.  Cobb.  E.  D.  is  the  son  of  Emanuel 
Case,  one" of  the  early  settlers  of  Hennepin  coun- 
ty, who  died  a  few  years  since.  Mr.  Case  is  en- 
gaged in  the  Uvery  business  at  211  Plymouth  Av- 
enue. 

fieorge  W.  Cates,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born 
in  Cutler,  Washington  county, in  1854.  Hecame 
to  ^linnesota  when  a  child,  and  lived  on  a  farm 
at  Bloomington  until  1870;  since  that  time  he  has 
been  engaged  in  the  agricultural  implement  busi- 
ness. He  is  now  with  H.  Kirkwood  as  book- 
keeper and  traveling  salesman.  September  18th, 
1877,  he  married  Mary  C.  Phillips,  of  St.  Paul, 
who  has  Ijornehim  one  child,  Edith  E. 

William  M.  Carlton  was  born  at  Manchester, 


526 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


New  Ilanipsliire.  Xoveniber  27tli.  1K44.  When  a 
child  he  went  witli  liis  parents  to  Heaver  Dam, 
Wisconsin;  from  there  he  removed  to  AVat«rto\vn 
and  learned  the  niillinf;  liusiness.  Hes))ent  some 
time  in  Madison.  IJeaver  Dam  and  Monroe,  and 
in  1872  came  to  Minneapolis;  he  worked  at  rail- 
road building  on  the  frontier  one  season,  but  re- 
turned to  this  city  and  has  been  with  the  Holly 
mill  since  June,  1874.  He  is  now  head  miller. 
April  2(itli.  1870,  he  married  Maggie  Graham,  of 
Wisconsin.  Their  children  are  Clara,  Jeanette 
and  Kli/abeth  Cirace. 

II.  -M.  Carpenter,  a  native  of  TJliode  Island, 
was  born  in  Providence  in  1828.  He  came  to  St. 
Anthony  in  18.54  and  worked  two  years  as  clerk 
for  Tufts,  Heynolds  \  Whittcmore.  In  18-57  he 
engaged  in  general  merchandise  business  with 
Mr.  Andrews  as  partner,  but  they  were  burned 
out.  in  alwul  sixteen  months,  and  in  1860  Mr.  Car- 
IK'Utcr  started  in  the  same  business  alone.  Ilecon- 
tinued  it  four  years,  and  in  the  meantime  bought 
an  interest  inapapermill.  In  the  spring  of  1865  he 
started  the  paper  store  at  St.  Paul,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  took  a  partner,  J.  T.  Averill.  the  lat- 
ter taking  cliarge  of  the  St.  Paul  store.  Since  the 
withdrawal  of  Cutler  and  Secombe  from  the 
lirm.  .Mr.  CariMMiler  has  had  entire  control  of  the 
paper  mill.  He  married  Kate  Ladd.  of  Provi- 
dence. Hhode  Islanil.  April  20lh,  18.52.  Three 
chiMren  have  been  born  to  them:  Frank,  Henry 
and  Kdwin. 

Hcv.  .1.  V.  Chalice,  jiastor  of  llcniiciiin  .\ve- 
niie  TalKTiiacle,  was  born  in  Attica,  New  York, 
November  5th.  1827:  converted  and  jonied  the 
Free  Will  liaplisl  at  twelve  years  of  age.  At 
eigliteen.  moved  to  Illinois  and  soon  joined  the 
Methodist:  bcfon-  twenty-one  years  of  age,  was 
admitted  on  trial  in  the  Hock  Kivcr  Conference, 
and  sent  to  the  Carthage  circuit  for  one  year,  at 
Oipiawka  two  years,  Monmouth  one  year,  Knox- 
ville  one  year.  I^ewiston  two  years,  Jefferson 
.street.  Chicago,  two  years,  transferred  to  Miinie- 
Kola  in  1857:  lo  .St.  Anthony  until  the  spiiiig  of 
lK5(t,  then  to  Jackson  street,  SI.  Paul,  finiii  the 
spring  of  ■5lt,  lo  the  fall  of  "fid.  thi'u  two  years  in 
Minnea|Hilis.  Five  years  presiding  elder  of  the 
MinneajKiliH  and  St.  Paul  district.  Three  years 
pastor  of  Centenary  church,  during  which  tniii' 
the  ctiiirch  was  built  and  <le<licated.  One  year 
rity  miHHlonary,  during  which  time  the  Seventh 


street  church  was  built  and  dedicated:  for  the 
next  three  years,  was  agent  of  the  Ilamliiie  Uni- 
versity, during  that  time  which  he  re-located  on 
fifty  acres  of  valuable  land.  The  next  year  suppli- 
ed Dululh. one  year  in  Faribault,  two  years  i)re- 
siding  elder  of  Winona  district,  one  year  in  Jack- 
son street,  .St.  Paul,  then  invited  to  come  to  the 
present  pastorate  on  Hennepin  Avenue;  was  a 
member  of  two  general  conferences  in  18(i8  and 
1880;  was  married  in  1849  to  Calista  Hopkins,  of 
New  York;  have  two  children  living;  Carrie  C. 
and  Hugh  ('•. 

W.  II.  Chainlicrlain.  a  native  of  Maine,  was 
lioMi  in  IMio.  In  IMii  he  went  to  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  remained  four  years,  working  in  a 
fin'nilure  store,  and  part  of  the  time  clerking  in 
a  hotel.  In  1850  he  went  to  New  York  and 
kept  books  one  year  in  the  Commercial  Exchange 
bank;  from  there  he  removed  to  Hrooklyn,  where 
he  learned  the  jeweler's  trade,  then  sjient  one 
year  in  Ohio,  and  in  1857  came  to  Minnesota; 
he  located  in  Saint  Anthony,  but  in  1862  moved 
on  this  side  of  the  river,  and  since  that  time  has 
been  engaged  in  the  jewelry  business  here:  he  is 
at  No.  0  Wa.shington  Avenue  south.  Mr.  Cham- 
berlain was  with  (ieneral  Sililcy  in  his  raid 
against  the  Indians  in  1862.  lie  was  married 
in  18.56,  at  Troy.  New  York,  to  (liarlolte  Knick- 
erbacker.  Their  living  cliildrcn  arc:  William, 
Ida.  Mary  and  Cliarlotte. 

AV.  I!.  Champion  was  born  on  Prince  Edward 
Island,  in  1S48.  He  moved  to  Maine  and  resided 
about  eight  years.  Ihtii  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
1878.  and  engaged  in  forming  tlie  Hennepin 
County  IJarrel  Company,  of  which  he  is  the  pres- 
ident. His  wife  was  Miss  iliimie  McArthur  to 
whom  he  was  married  in  1S70.  They  reside  at 
'MM  Washington  .\vcnue  luirlh. 

Hev.  Z.  L.  Chandonnet.  jiastor  of  tlie  cliiirch 
of  Our  Lady  of  Lomdcs,  was  born  July  loth, 
1848.  at  St.  Pierre  Les-Rec<|uets,  Nicollet  county, 
t,>uebec.  lie  attended  tlie  Petit  ami  (Jrand  Sem- 
inaries, ill  t,liicliec.  cdnipletiiig  his  theological 
ediicatiiiii  at  Three  |{i\(Ms.  where,  mi  tlic  2lM  of 
.\o\cnilier  1871.  he  was  ordained  and  at  once 
appointed  X'icarof  St.  Eiancisol'  Xivier's chinch 
at  lialiscan.  Here  he  icmaiiMMl  until  Sciilcniber 
2!Mh,  1875,  when  he  was  appointed  to  a  like  posi- 
tion at  St.  Anna's  Church,  at  Yamachii'he.  This 
position  lie   retained   until  ()ctiilicr,    1877,  wlicii 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


527 


he  came  to  JMinnesota,  and  was  placed  in  charge 
of  the  churehes  at  Belle  Prairie  and  Little  Falls, 
jSIorrison  county,  remaining  there  until  March 
1st,  1879,  when  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
churches  at  Lenz  and  Corcoran,  Hennepin  county. 
and  in  December  following  was  transferred  to 
his  present  charge  in  llinneapolis. 

James  Chant  was  bom  in  Somerset  county, 
England,  January  loth,  1840.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1873,  and  located  the  same  year 
at  Ilawley,  Clay  county,  Minnesota,  on  a  farm. 
Here  he  remained  until  1878,  when  he  became  a 
partner  of  Mr.  :Maskell  in  the  city  meat  market. 
Mr.  Chant's  f.^mily  consists  of  his  wife  and  nine 
children. 

Josiah  n.  Chase,  a  native  of  Kingston,  New- 
Hampshire,  was  liorn  September  loth,  1840.  He 
learned  the  trade  of  carriage  making  of  his  father, 
and  remained  with  him  until  1852,  when  he  went 
to  Boston  and  worked  in  a  clothing  store,  at  a 
weekly  salary  of  two  dollars  and  seventy-five 
cents.  In  1856  he  came  to  Olmsted  county,  Min- 
nesota ;  afterward  made  a  claim  of  160  acres  in 
Mower  county.  In  the  fall  of  1856  he  came  to 
St.  Anthony,  and  the  following  spring  purchased, 
in  company  with  S.  A.  Lewis,  a  stock  of  boots 
and  shoes,  to  which  in  a  few  months  they  added 
general  merchandise ;  in  two  years  Mr.  Chase 
bought  out  his  partner  and  continued  the  busmcss 
alone;  in  1861  he  closed  the  dry  goods  depart- 
ment, and  carried  only  boots  and  slioes  and  cloth- 
ing. In  1866  he  was  burned  out  and  at  once  lo- 
cated on  Main  .street:  in  1875  he  erected  the 
building  he  now  occupies,  located  on  Central 
Avenue,  corner  Second  street.  Mr.  Chase  is  the 
oldest  clothing  <lealer  in  the  city.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1863,  to  Ellen  May  Rankiu.  Tliey  have 
had  four  children  only  two  of  wlioni  are  now  liv- 
ing; Henry  and  Josiah. 

C.  E.  Chilstrom,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born 
July  22d,  1851.  He  came  to  America  with  his 
parents  in  1856  and  located  in  Wisconsin,  but  re- 
moved to  Jlinuesota,  and  his  i)arents  now  reside 
in  Litchfield.  In  January.  1871 ,  he  came  to  Min- 
neapolis and  worked  for  IJr.  Linn,  afterward  for 
Pabody  and  "VVhiltaker,  and  has  continued  in  the 
drug  business  since.  The  firm  of  Patterson  and 
Chilstrom  was  formed  in  October,  1880  ;  they  car- 
ry a  full  line  of  goods  appertaining  to  the  drug 
trade.    Mr.  Chilstrom "s  wife  was  .Matilda  Nelson 


of  Sweden,  to  whom  he  was  married  in  May, 
188(1. 

E.  H.  Cliittendcn  was  born  in  Monroe  county, 
New  York,  in  1832.  In  1856  he  w-ent  to  Medina, 
New  York,  and  practiced  as  veterinary  sm-geon 
four  years,  then  removed  to  Ohio  and  remained 
two  years.  In  1S62  he  began  steamboatiiig  on 
the  Oliio  river  and  followed  that  business  four 
years;  he  then  came  to  Alinnesota  and  engaged  in 
farming  in  Faribault  county  until  1874,  when  he 
removed  to  Minneapolis.  He  built  two  small 
steamers  and  ran  one  of  them  one  season,  between 
this  city  and  St.  Cloud,  then  sold  her  and  re- 
sumed his  practice  as  veterinary  surgeon,  which 
he  has  continued  since.  Was  married  in  1858,  to 
Hannah  Gerry ;  six  children  have  been  born  to 
them  but  only  two  are  living. 

J.  A.  Christian  was  horn  in  Wilmington,  North 
Carolina,  September  12th,  1832.  lie  moved  to 
Walworth  county,  Wisconsin,  in  1847,  and  from 
there  to  Chicago  in  1851 ;  thence  to  Caledonia, 
Illinois,  where  he  dealt  in  cattle,  hogs,  wheat,  etc., 
until  1860,  when  he  went  to  Colorado,  and  for 
nine  years  engaged  in  mining.  Six  years  of  this 
time  he  was  treasurer  of  Summit  county.  In 
1869  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  for  two  years  was 
in  the  lumbering  business  at  Dayton  ;  then  came 
to  Minneapolis  and  ran  the  Zenith  mill  for  two 
years.  He  entered  the  firm  of  George  H.  Chris- 
tian and  Company,  in  1873.  The  latter  retired  at 
the  expiration  of  one  year,  and  the  firm  took  the 
name  of  J.  A.  Christian  and  C(mipany.  The  mill 
explosion  of  May,  1878,  caused  suspension  of  bus- 
iness, and  in  July  of  the  same  year  a  new  firm 
was  formed,  under  the  name  of  Christian,  Broth- 
er and  Company,  and  own  the  Crown  Holler  mill. 
In  June,  1874,  Mv.  Christian  married  Mary  E. 
Hall,  who  lias  borne  liini  llnee  daughters  :  Carrie, 
Annie,  and  Susie. 

Llewellyn  Christian,  a  native  of  Wetumpka 
county,  Alabama,  was  born  June  10th,  1841.  In 
1844  he  went  with  his  parents  to  Wilmington, 
Norlli  CaiDlina,  and  in  1849  removed  to  Geneva, 
Wi.sconsin.  In  18.)4  he  went  to  (Chicago,  and  at- 
tended high  school  four  years.  At  the  expiration 
of  that  time  he  went  to  New  York,  and  remained 
until  1872,  when  he  came  to  Miuueaiiolis  and  en- 
gaged ill  Ihc  Zciiilli  mill.  Ilir  lirni  name  being 
Christian,  Day  and  Couiiiany.  From  that  time 
until  the  present  he  has  been  associaied  with  J. 


528 


HISTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


A.  Christian.  His  wife  was  Miss  Eliza  French, 
whom  lie  married  in  1874. 

Levi  Christlieb.  bom  in  CunibMlanil  ponnty. 
Pennsylvania.  .Inly  Stli,  1S44.  He  went  to  8t. 
Joseph,  Missouri,  in  IStiii,  and  the  sjime  year  re- 
moved to  this  city.  Until  the  spring  of  1S7(I  he 
worked  with  Greeley.  Lo\e  and  Comiiany.  har- 
ness-making:  then  witli  Davis  and  McCalluni. 
and  the  Trades  Manufacturing  Company,  until 
August,  1874.  when  he  went  inio  partnei-ship  with 
John  II.  Arnell.  and  has  continued  to  do  a  pros- 
perous business  since.  They  are  located  at  108 
Central  Avenue.    Mr.  Christlieb  is  unmarried. 

Richard  Chute  was  born  at  Cincinnati.  Ohio, 
Septemlier  2.3d.  182(t.  and  moved  to  Columbus  at 
the  age  of  seven  yeare.  and  foni-  years  later  to 
Fort  Wayne,  Indiana.  In  1841,  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  AVilllam  (J.  Ewing  in  the  fur 
trade:  from  that  time  until  18.")4,  he  visited  in  the 
autumn  of  each  year.  Alinnesota,  Iowa  and  otlier 
western  jiolnts.  He  wa.s  at  St.  Anthony  in  1844 
and  built  a  house,  which  was  used  for  several 
years  as  a  trading  post.  After  the  death  of  his 
partner  in  1Ho4,  Mr.  Chute  located  in  Saint  An- 
thony, and  until  1868,  had  charge  of  the  property, 
since  owned  by  the  Saint  Anthony  Water  P()wer 
Company:  he  sold  lots  lying  east  of  Main  street. 
but  wiis  restricted  from  selling  between  that  and 
the  river:  since  that  time  he  has  been  engaged  in 
real  estiite  business.  While  traveling  in  the  fur 
business.  Mr.  Chute  was  iiresent  at  the  forming  of 
several  treaties  with  Indians.  He  wasat  Agency 
City,  Iowa,  when  the  treaty  was  concluded  with 
the  Sac.  and  Fox  tribe  by  which  they  ceded  to  llie 
govennnent  all  llicir  lands  in  lipwa  territory;he  was 
also  at  Wa.shington  when  the  treaty  was  made 
with  the  Wiimebagos  in  18.'>li.  In  early  days  he 
t(Kik  a  lively  Interest  in  railroad  matters  and  was 
among  the  incor)iorators  of  some  of  the  conijia- 
nies.  Mr.  Chute  was  commissioned  by  (ien. 
Sibley  an  Colonel  of  the  Seventeenth  Hegiment 
Militia,  and  In  1K(12.  he  was  <|uartermaster  of  an 
ex|)edition  from  Fort  Siielling  to  the  Chippewa 
country,  under  tJen.  Dale.  In  18(!:j,  he  was  ap- 
IMilnted  regent  of  the  Slate  I'nlvei-sity.  He  is 
an  elder  in  the  Andrew  I'resbyterian  church, and 
ha8  iK-en  Huperintendenl  of  the  Sabbath-school 
for  many  years.  He  married  Mary  Voimg.  of 
Indiana.  February  2Hth.  I8.'i(i.  'J'liey  have  three 
living  children;  Charles.  Willie  and  (jrace. 


C.  W.  Clark,  a  native  of  Delaware  county. 
New  York,  was  born  ilarch  3d,  ISiiT.  Until 
seventeen  years  of  age,  he  lived  on  a  farm,  then 
learned  the  black-smith's  trade.  In  1847,  he 
went  to  South  Will)raham.  Massachusetts:  thence 
to  Illinois,  and  in  ]8(i(),  came  to  this  city.  In 
ISilT.  Mr.  Clark  built  a  shop  near  where  (ioodfel- 
low  and  Kastman  now  are.  and  in  187o,  Iwuglit 
his  present  shop  which  is  iOxiiii  feet,  and  two- 
stories  high,  situated  on  the  corner  of  Third 
street  and  Third  Avenue  south.  He  was  niar- 
rie<l  December  I!tth,  18.J2.  to  Eliza  Bliss,  of  Jlass- 
achusetts,  who  has  borne  him  nine  children, 
seven  of  whom  are  living. 

II.  H.  Clark  was  born  in  Brockton.  Massachu- 
setts. March  Till.  1841.  He  received  his  early  ed- 
ucation in  his  native  town  and  worked  for  his 
father  until  ls.')9.  when  he  went  to  California. 
He  rctimied  in  bsGl,  and  worked  at  the  whole- 
sale grocery  business  in  Boston,  Massachusetts, 
until  1869,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis.  The 
following  year  he  opened  a  meat-market,  and  has 
been  in  that  business  since,  with  the  exception  of 
two  and  one-half  years  which  he  spent  in  charge 
of  the  National  Hotel  of  this  citv.  He  removed 
to  his  present  location  in  .Inly.  isso. 

Isaac  B.  Clark  was  born  In  Kitingliain,  Illinois, 
Oetolier  2d,  18.")().  When  two  years  of  age  he 
moved  with  his  i>arenls  to  i\Iissourl,  and  lived 
on  a  farm  initil  eighteen  years  old.  In  1874,  he 
removed  to  (ialesburg,  and  two  years  later  went 
south:  he  visited  Memphis,  New  Orleans  and 
Saint  Louis.  In  1878,  he  came  to  Mimiesota  and 
settled  in  this  city.  In  the  spring  of  1880.  he 
traveled  thi'ough  Dakota  and  Montana,  but  re- 
tunii'cl  here  ill  till-  lajl  of  the  same  year  and 
oix-ned  his  photognijili  yallci)  on  A\'asliington 
Aveinie  south. 

I'rofessor  .lolm  Sinclair  Clark  was  born  at 
Saint  Marys.  .\'o\:i  Srolia.  in  ls4li.  Aftci'  teach- 
ing for  a  few  years  lie  canic  to  Minncaiiolis,  in 
June  1870.  and  entered  the  classical  course  at 
the  Univei-sity.  Acting  as  assistant  librarian  of 
the  institution  tor  four  yeara  he  thus  furnished 
himself  with  the  means  necessary  to  carry 
through  the  full  University  course,  and  grad- 
nalcil  in  .lunc  ISTH.  llr  was  iiMUiciliatcly  ten- 
dered, and  accepted,  the  position  of  instructor  In 
Dalin  and  mathematics.  This  place  he  filled 
until  the  spring  of  188U,  when  he  was  appointed 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


.529 


assistant  professor  of  Latin,  and  still  remains  as 
such. 

.Jolin  Clark,  a  native  of  Xorfolk,  England,  was 
born  Kovember  18tli,  1827.  lie  came  with  his 
parents  to  America  in  1834,  and  located  at  Gene- 
see, New  York;  remained  there  three  years,  and 
then  removed  to  Kishwaukee,  Illinois,  where  he 
resided  until  ISfiT,  when  he  came  to  this  city,  and 
has  since  lived  here,  with  the  ex<'eption  of  eight- 
een months  passed  in  Florida.  "While  at  Kish- 
waukee he  learned  the  trade  of  carriage-making 
and  blacksmithing,  and  has  been  in  that  busi- 
ness nearly  all  his  life.  He  was  married  in  Illi- 
nois to  Miss  Esther  Palmer.  They  are  the  par- 
ents of  five  children:  Ella,  now  the  wife  of  J.  W. 
Crockett,  Walter,  Frederick,  Luther  and  diaries. 

John  W.  Clark  was  born  at  Minneapolis,  Jan- 
uary .5th,  1861.  He  is  engaged  as  book-keeper 
for  his  father,  F.  P.  Clark,  at  his  saw-mill  on  the 
corner  of  Main  street  and  Fourth  A\enue  N.  E. 

Gilbert  Clough  is  a  native  of  Lyme,  New 
Hampshire;  he  was  born  August  2fith,  1839,  and 
came  to  Minneapolis  with  liis  parents  ui  18.57. 
He  worked  at  logging  from  the  time  of  his  arriv- 
al, and  in  1866  went  into  the  business  with  his 
lirother,  D.  M.  Clougli;  their  cut  the  first  year 
was  one  and  one-half  million  feet;  it  now  amounts 
to  about  eighteen  millions  annually.  Mr.  Clough's 
wife  was  Fannie  Shereton,  whom  he  married  May 
28th,  1873.  They  reside  on  Fifth  street  near 
Fourth  Avenue  S.  E. 

Eev.  Daniel  Cobb,  A.  AI.,  was  born  November 
7th,  1818,  in  Onondaga  county.  New  York, 
where  his  father  was  a  preachei'  for  forty  years. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  converted  May 
5th,  1839;  educated  in  the  Onondaga  institute, 
teaching  school  at  different  times;  entered  the 
ministry  ui  1843,  at  the  Oneida  annual  confer- 
ence. First  appointment  for  one  year  to  El- 
bridge  and  Sennet;  next  to  Freetown.  Then 
for  two  years  each  at  the  towns  of  Owasco,  Mor- 
avia, Asbury,  Corllaudsville,  Norwich,  New 
York  Mills,  Utica.  AVas  transferred  to  the  Min- 
nesota conference  in  18.57,  and  appointed  presid- 
ing elder  of  the  Winona  distri<'t  for  two  years; 
from  there  to  the  Red  Wing  district  as  presiding 
elder  for  four  years;  after  that,  stiitioned  in  Min- 
neapolis, in  what  is  now  the  Centenary  church; 
then  appointed  chaplain  fur  the  Sixth  Minnesota 

Regiment,  remaining  in  the  chaplaincy  until  the  ' 
34 


close  of  the  war;  was  present  at  the  last  battle  at 
Fort  Blakely,  Mobile.  On  returning  home  in 
August,  I860,  was  mustered  out  of  sen'ice,  and 
the  September  following,  was  appointed  to  the 
Jackson  street  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  St. 
Paul  for  three  years;  thence  to  Rochester  two 
years;  then  to  the  Minneapolis  first  church  for 
one  year;  at  the  end  of  that  time,  took  a  super- 
immary  relation  and  went  east  on  a  visit  for  one 
year,preaching  at  the  Ashgreen  Methodist  Episco- 
pal church,  All)any,  New  York,  for  seven  months, 
aud  the  Wall  street  cliurch.  Auburn,  two  montlis. 
Returning  to  Minnesota  at  the  end  of  the  year, 
was  appointed  presiding  elder  for  the  Minneapo- 
lis district  for  two  years,  and  presiding  elder  for 
St.  Paul  district  for  two  years;  thence  to  the  Cen- 
tenary church  for  two  years;  then  appointed  pre- 
siding elder  of  the  Owatonna  district  for  four 
years;  when  he  came  to  Minnesota  in  18.57,  as 
presiding  elder  of  the  Winona  district,  there  was 
twenty-two  thousand  square  miles  of  territory  to 
look  after.  Providing  himself  with  a  pair  of  In- 
dian ponies  and  a  buckboard,  drove  for  four  years 
organizing  quarterly  conferences;  establishing 
churches,  preaching,and  in  one  year,  preached  two 
hundred  and  eighty-six  sermons,  taking  wheat 
for  pay,  throwing  the  sacks  into  his  wagon  and 
carrying  it  to  Red  Wing  to  sell.  lie  has  taken 
charge  of  forty-nine  camp  meetings,  extending 
from  the  Iowa  line  to  Breckenridge;  was  elected 
chaplain  in  tlie  i\Iinnesota  legislature  for  two 
years.  First  candidate  for  governor  on  the  pro- 
hibition ticket  in  1860.  For  tliirty-seven  years 
this  veteran  of  Methodism  has  preached  every 
Sunday  excepting  the  time  he  was  in  the  army, 
and  one  Sabbath  out  of  the  desk,  on  account  of 
sickness.  The  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  State  University  at  Alli- 
ens, Ohio.  Married  April  22d,  1858,  in  Red 
Wing,  to  Louisa  M.  Sherman,  who  was  educated 
at  Fort  Edwards,  New  York,  and  for  three 
years  was  prccciitress  in  tlie  llaniliue  I'liiversity. 
They  liavc  tluee  children;  Aloir/,o  W.,  Teniper- 
ence  Irene,  and  Ida  May. 

II.  J.  Cobb,  a  native  of  llariiiony,  Somerset 
county,  Maine,  was  born  in  1837.  He  came  to  St. 
Anthony  Novemhei:,  18.53,  and  engaged  in  lum- 
bering. In  the  summer  of  185.5  he  brouglit  the 
first  cattle  on  a  steamer  from  Rock  Island,  Il- 
linois, and  has  since  that  time  been  engaged  in  the 


530 


HISTORY  OF  HEl^^NEPIN  COUNTY. 


cattle  trade,  with  the  exception  of  three  or  four 
suniniei-s.  Mr.  Cohli  is  the  pioneer  cattle  dealer 
of  this  comity.  He  is  now  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Smith.  Colili  and  Hrackett,  stock  dealers.  He 
is  also  in  the  gnn-ery  business  on  Fifth  Avenue 
soutli.  In  18.57  Mr.  Cobb  married  Miss  Mary 
Monel  of  Harmony.  .Maine.  Their  cliililivii  are. 
Edwai-d,  George  and  Gracie. 

W.C.  Colbrath  was  born  in  Adrian,  Michigan, 
in  August.  1S48.  He  came  here  in  18fi-t  and 
worked  for  leading  druggists  of  the  city  until 
1872,  when  he  went  into  business  with  a  partner; 
after  two  and  one-lialf  years  he  bought  his  part- 
ner's interest  an<l  has  carried  on  the  business  alone 
since  that  time.  He  keeiis  a  line  line  of  artists" 
and  caiTiage  painter's  materials  and  occupies  the 
floor  and  l>a.sement  of  his  store,  No.  43  Washing- 
ton .\ venue  south.  Mr.  Colbratli  was  married  in 
1S74  to  I.ucy  C.  Hussell,  daugliler  of  It.  P.  Hus- 
sell,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  county. 

Kmcrson  f'ole.  a  native  of  Xew  nami)sliire.  was 
born  in  .Milan  in  IMit.  He  came  to  .Minneapolis 
in  1864  and  engaged  in  tlie  millingbusiness,  which 
he  has  followed  to  the  present  time.  His  wife 
was  .\gnes  O'Neill  of  St.  Paul.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  lirniof  Cole  and  Hanniioml.  manufacturers 
of  lumber. 

Thonia.s  Coleman  is  a  native  of  Ireland:  he 
was  liorn  in  1h:{s.  In  early  cliildliood  he  came 
with  parenlsto  Kingston,  Canada  ;  he  removed  to 
Chicjigo,  Illinois,  and  thence  to  (ialena,  where  he 
learned  tlie  shm',niaker's  trade  and  worked  until 
1848;  he  then  removed  to  Clnclnnall.  Ohio,  and 
from  there  to  California,  but  linally  settled  in 
.MInnea|Milis  in  18(i;i.  He  worked  for  different 
Imot  and  slioe  houses  here  until  1878,  when  he 
started  in  business  for  himself,  anil  lias  smk'c 
iM-en  doing  u  good  trade.  In  IKii.'i  he  married 
Margjirel  T.  Williams,  who  lia>  linine  liini  luo 
children. 

1).  F.Collins,M.  I).,  was  Imhii  In  (nrU,  Ireland, 
September  liUli.  18.'i(l,  and  was  educated  at  St. 
\'lncenfs  Seminary  of  that  city.  Her-ame  to  the 
Cniled  Stales  in  IhtHl.  and  lived  In  New  Vork 
city  one  year,  when  be  went  to  London.  Knglanil. 
and  studied  for  two  years:  he  leturtied  to  New 
V<irk  anil  went  tii  the  Hellevue  Hospital  .Medical 
College,  where  he  graduated  in  IN7:<;  during  the 
sjime  _\ear  be  w;is  elected  a  mendiir  of  the  New 
Volk   Medico-legul   .Society,  and   in    I87'i  he  was 


appointed  one  of  the  physicians  connected  with 
the  board  of  i)ublic  charities  and  corrections  of 
New  York  city.  Dr.  Collins  removed  to  Minne- 
apolis in  February,  187S) :  since  coming  here  he 
has  been  appointed  consulting  physician  of  the 
orphan  asylum,  and  medical  examiner  of  the 
Catholic  Mutual  Insurance  Association.  He  was 
married  in  Paris.  France.  May  Kith.  1S74.  to  .Miss 
Frances  lirown.  Tliey  have  two  children.  Mark 
and  Jerome. 

Jesse  Colloni  was  Imni  at  Meadville.  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  wliiMi  a  child  came  to  Saint  Paul  with 
his  parents.  In  18().)  he  came  here  and  attended 
school  for  a  time,  and  in  1870  went  in  Mr,  Mar- 
shall's store  and  learned  the  jeweler's  trade,  re- 
maining two  years.  He  then  went  to  Iowa  and 
to  California,  but  returned  to  this  city  in  1876, 
and  has  since  kejit  a  jewelry  store  at  20  Fourth 
.street  south.  In  1874  Mr.  CoUom  married  Ada 
Needham.  Their  children  are  Willie  and  Verney. 

N.  E.  Ct)lstrom,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born 
May  '.till.  1834.  He  emigrated  to  America  in 
1869  and  located  in  this  city.  In  1870  he  married 
Martha  Britha.  They  have  four  children:  Annie, 
Charles,  John  and  Frank.  Mr.  Colstrom  is  the 
inventor  and  uianul'actnrer  of  the  Miinieapolis 
slab-pre.ss  brick  niacliine,  also  brick  moulders  aTiil 
trucks.  This  inacliine  was  perfected  in  ls7i),  by 
Mr.  Colstrom.  who  is  the  sole  proprietor.  Twen- 
Iv-two  thousand  brii'ks  can  be  turned  out  in  ten 
hours,  by  this  niachiuc.  His  iilarc  is  1  ll^'rwillth 
street  north. 

J.  H.  Coukey  was  born  al  Plallshuig.  New 
York,  I)ecend)er  25th,  18l!(l.  lie  caine  west  in 
18.50.  and  located  in  Wisconsin.  II  uas  lie  who 
laid  the  llist  iriiii  on  llie  Chirago,  .Milwaukee  ami 
Saint  Paul  Haihoad  between  .Milwaukee  and 
Waukesha.  In  18'>!l,  in  eoniiiaiiy  with  K.  li. 
I.aiigdoii  and  others,  he  did  the  lirsl  grading  on 
the  Saint  i'aiil  and  Paeilic  Kailioad,  and  after- 
ward engaged  in  business  in  Wisconsin  until 
186.5,  at  which  time  he  removed  to  Faribault, 
where  he  remained  six  > ears.  He  came  to  this 
city  In  1872,  engaged  In  business  in  compan\  with 
I!.  I!.  Eangdon  at  the  liiinn  planing  mill,  and 
hiis  since  continued  in  llie  same.  Mr.  Coukey 
was  married  in  1848  to  .Martha  .\.  I.angdon.  She 
has  borne  him  six  children,  only  three  of  wlmiii 
:U'e  living:   l''rank.  Ilobeil  and  .lennie. 

Klias   II.    Conijor    was   liorii    at    New   .'-^liaiiin. 


BIOOBAPHICAL. 


531 


Maine,  August  23d,  1824.  He  lived  in  his  native 
town  until  twentj'-one  years  of  age,  then  spent 
three  years  on  the  Penobscot  River.  In  1848  he 
came  to  Lakeland,  Minnesota,  opposite  Hudson, 
Wisconsin,  where  he  worked  one  winter,  then 
located  at  St.  Anthony,  and  has  since  resided 
here.  He  is  a  carpenter  and  mill-wright,  and  he 
built  tlie  first  two-story  frame  house  in  the  city, 
for  Captain  Kollins,  in  184ii.  He  purcliased  lots 
in  1850  and  built  his  present  residence  on  Second 
street  south-east.  He  has  carried  on  a  large 
busmess  in  contracting,  building  and  drafting; 
he  was  in  charge  of  the  wood  work  on  both  the 
old  and  new  suspension  bridges,  and  drove  the 
first  horse  across  the  old  bridge;  when  the  new 
one  was  building.  Mrs.  Connor  and  her  daughter 
Georgia,  then  only  six  years  old,  walked  to  the 
middle  of  the  bridge  on  a  single  plauk,  and  re- 
turned in  safety.  Mr.  Connor  built  the  first 
bridge  across  the  Saint  Croix,  at  Taylors  Falls; 
he  has  built  a  number  of  large  mills  in  different 
cities,  and  has  had  extensive  contracts  in  caipen- 
ter  work  in  all  parts  of  the  country  adjacent  to 
Minneapolis.  He  married,  in  1855,  Miss  Hannah 
Rollins,  who  has  borne  him  three  children:  Lil- 
lian, Georgia  and  Rosa. 

A.  S.  Converse,  a  native  of  Windsor,  Massa- 
chusetts, was  born  January  4tli,  1820.  When 
eighteen  years  of  age  he  removed  to  Chenango 
county.  New  York,  and  remained  there  in  tlie 
carriage  making  business  until  1854,  when  he 
came  to  Minnesota,  and  located  in  Dakota  county; 
but  in  January  1855,  he  engaged  in  wagon  and 
carriage  making  in  Minneapolis,  and  has  suice 
been  a  resident  of  this  city.  His  wife  wa.s  Caro- 
line Kenyon,  whom  he  married  in  Chenango 
county,  New  York.  Their  children  are:  Van- 
elia,  who  was  the  wife  of  A.  I).  Prescott,  (de- 
ceased), Rufus  and  .\lvin.  They  reside  at  No. 
725,  Washington  Avenue  north. 

H.  T.  Cook  is  a  native  of  Canada.  At  the  age 
of  six  years  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  New 
York,  and  remained  there  until  1851,  when  he 
wentto  Wisconsin,  and  learned  the  wagon  makers' 
trade  at  Oshkosh,  after  which  he  removed  to 
Iowa;  came  to  this  city  in  1877,  and  has  been  in 
business  here  .since.  His  wife  was  Zayda  Hol- 
sen,  of  Iowa,  whom  he  married  in  18-53.  She  has 
borne  him  three  children. 

C.  II.  Cook  was  born  in  the  state  of  New  York 


in  1846.  In  1851  he  went  with  his  brother  to 
Wisconsin,  then  passed  some  time  in  Iowa,  and 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  the  spring  of  1880.  He 
was  married  in  1875  to  Frances  Becker.  They 
have  two  children. 

Grove  B.  Cooley  was  lioru  at  Attica,  New 
York,  December  10th,  1827.  In  1848  he  began 
the  study  of  law  at  Canandaigua,  and  two  years 
later,  moved  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  was  a  pro- 
fessor in  the  Ripon  College  from  1853  to  1858, 
teaching  the  dead  languages  and  the  higher 
branches  of  mathematics.  In  the  autumn  of  1858 
he  removed  to  Minnesota  and  located  at  Mantor- 
ville.  Dodge  county,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law,  serving  four  years  as  county  at- 
terney  and  eight  years  judge  of  probate.  He  was 
also  a  leaduig  member  of  the  board  of  education 
of  Mantorville.  He  was  a  member  of  the  state 
legislature  in  1872  and  chairman  of  the  judiciaiy 
committee,  leaving  a  good  record.  He  was  asso- 
ciated for  two  years  with  Hon.  A.  J.  Edgerton, 
now  United  States  Senator,  in  the  practice  of  law 
at  Mantorville,  under  the  firm  name  of  Edgerton 
and  Cooley.  For  four  years  he  was  a  partner  of 
Hon.  Samuel  Lord,  now  deceased,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Cooley  and  Lord.  In  1872,  Judge  Cooley 
came  to  ]Slinneapolisand  entered  into  partnership 
with  Thomas  Lowry,  which  contiiuied  until  the 
spring  of  1874,  when  he  was  inianimously  elected 
judge  of  the  municipal  court  of  Minneapolis, 
which  position  he  has  filled  to  the  general  satis- 
faction of  the  public  and  continues  to  hold.  In 
1856  he  was  made  a  Master  Mason  in  the  Ripon 
Lodge,  Uipon,  Wisconsin,  and  lias  since  been  an 
active  memlier  and  a  diligent  Masniiic  student. 
In  1872,  he  was  (irand  Master  of  Masons  in  Mhi- 
nesota. 

(ieorge  W.  Cooley,  civil  engineer,  office  411  Nic- 
ollet Avenue.  Mr.  Cool(\y  is  a  native  of  New 
York  city;  he  was  horn  in  the  year  1845,  and 
lived  with  his  parents  until  nineteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  came  West  and  engaged  with  the  St. 
Paul  and  Pacific  Railway  Company  as  assistant 
engineer,  and  served  in  their  surveys  until  1H<17. 
It  was  lie  w  ho  clriivr  the  first  stilke  for  the  St. 
Paul  and  I'acific  liailway  west  of  llie  Mississippi. 
During  1867  "68  '61(  lie  wasengage(l  in  the  United 
States  surveys  in  Minnesota  and  Dakota.  He 
located  the  junction  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
way with  the  Lake  Superior  and  Mississippi,  and 


532 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


conimeiiced  tlie  construction  of  the  Xorthern  Pa- 
cific Kaihvay  February  lotli,  1870.  under  General 
Ira  Spaiildincr.  In  l'"^""  Mr.  Cooley  resumed  Ijusi- 
ne.s.s  in  Minneaixilis  as  civil  engineer  and  surveyor, 
and  lias  continued  in  the  same  line  to  the  present 
time.  lie  has  surveyed  about  one-third  of  this 
city,  and  liiisbeen  enjiaged  on  many  of  the  rail- 
roads and  public  iuiprovemcnts  througliout  the 
counUy.  lie  served  one  term  as  county  survey- 
or, was  assistiuit  engineer  of  the  falls  improve- 
ment, also  of  the  work  on  the  .Minnesota  river. 
and  has  lately  completed  the  improvement  of 
IIulTs  Narrows.  Lake  Minnetonka.  having  been 
apiKiinted  by  the  legislature.  Mr.  Cooley  is  now 
chief  engineer  of  tlie  .Minneapolis.  Lyndale  and 
Lake  ('alhoiui  Hallway. 

Joseph  Coombs  was  bdiii  in  the  year  1831,  in 
England.  He  came  to  .\nierica  in  l.s."):2  and  lived 
four  and  one-half  years  in  Maine,  then  came  to 
St.  Anthony  and  took  a  homestead.  For  two 
yeai^s  he  worked  in  the  mines  near  Lake  Supe- 
rior, and  in  lK(j4  returned  to  Maine,  where  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Agnes  L.  Conary.  lie  re- 
mained there  nearly  two  years,  then  returned  to 
Miinieapolis,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the 
coopering  business  here.  Mr.  Coombs  resides  at 
605  Twelfth  Avenue  south. 

B.  Cooper,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born 
in  LancjLster  county,  in  1841.  He  came  to  this 
city  in  IHoT.  and  for  al)out  seven  years  was  en- 
gaged in  canient«r  work  anil  farming,  with  the 
exception  of  some  time  spent  south  during  the 
war.  Mr.  Cooper  is  now  engaged  in  contracting 
and  building.  The  following  are  a  few  f)f  the 
many  buildings  erected  by  him:  The  residences 
of  Mrs.  IJyers,  W.  U.  Jiukson,  J.  M.  Williams 
and  I).  H.  liaibcr.  He  employs  aluiul  twenty- 
five  men:  otiicc,  corner  of  llawthnrne  Avenue 
and  Twelfth  street.  In  1809  Mr.  Coojicr  married 
.\ildie  Ita.ssett.  They  have  two  cbildren  :  V.iUr.i 
an<l  William. 

Charles  Cool  was  Ixirn  in  New  York  city,  Au- 
gust 30lh,  1847.  lie  moved  here  in  October. 
187.5.  and  worked  one  year  in  the  car  shojis  of  the 
street  niilway.  In  lK7it  he  went  to  work  for  J. 
T.  Klwell.  in  the  spring-lied  business,  and  has 
charge  of  the  manufacturing  <lepar(nient.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  Mr.  C<iot  eidisled  in  the 
Cnited  States  nav)  :  he  was  on  the  Ladonia,  an 
iron-side  steamer,  eight   nmnths.  then  was  trans- 


ferred to  another  steamer  and  remained  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  honoralily  discharged 
April,  I860. 

Judge  F.  R.  E.  Cornell  was  born  November 
17th,  1821,  at  Coventry,  Chenango  county,  New 
York.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  began  teaching 
winters,  and  when  possible  to  do  so  he  attended 
school  at  O.xford  Academy.  In  1840  he  entered 
I'liion  College  at  Schenectady,  and  after  gradua- 
tiiigin  1S42  taught  several  years,  in  the  meantime 
reading  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
184(),  and  commenced  practice  with  A.  ti.  Chat- 
tield,  the  late  Judge  Chatfield  of  this  state;  con- 
tinued until  1854,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis. 
He  was  elected  to  the  state  senate  in  New  Y'ork, 
has  been  a  member  of  the  city  council,  of  the 
state  legislature  several  times,  and  was  attorney 
general  six  years.  In  January.  1875,  he  took  his 
seat  as  associate?  judge  of  the  supreme  court,  and 
still  holds  that  position.  His  marriage  with  Eliza 
Burgess  occurred  in  1847.  They  have  had  three 
children;  the  living  are  Frank  and  Carrie. 

Charles  Coplin  was  born  in  La  Porte  county, 
Indiana,  October  13th,  1849.  In  1864  he  moved 
to  Richmond,  remaining  one  and  one-half  years; 
thence  to  Chicago  for  two  years  and  on  to  Iowa. 
He  located  in  Minneapolis  in  1874.  dealing  in 
groceries  two  years,  then  went  into  the  meat 
market  with  Fortier  and  Company.  Their  place  of 
business  is  known  as  the  "Excelsior  Market." 
Mr.  Coplin  was  married  December  13th,  1876. 

T.  W.  Correns.  a  native  of  St.  Lawrence  cotni- 
ty,  New  York,  was  born  in  1835.  His  early  life 
was  spent  in  farming;  in  1872  he  went  to  Iowa 
and  remained  six  years.  He  came  to  Miinieap- 
olis in  1878,  since  wliicli  lime  lie  has  kept  a  sa- 
loon at  525  Washington  .V venue  south. 

Wynian  Costigan  was  born  in  Penobscot  coun- 
ty, Maine,  December,  1844.  He  became  a  resi- 
dent of  Minneai)olis  in  IS(il).  and  was  a  linnber- 
maii  until  he  entered  into  partnership  with  For- 
tier and  Coplin  in  IS75.     He  was  married  in  1866. 

.\iidrew  CiaiU  was  born  in  Scotland  in  1817. 
When  an  infant  became  with  his  iiarents  toCan- 
a<la.  anil  :it  the  age  of  sixtciii  ((iMniicnceil  to 
learn  milling.  In  1846  he  lemoxnl  tn 'rincc  Kiv- 
ei°s,  Canada,  and  engagei I  in  Ihr  ininiiirarliirc  of 
oat-meal  tor  the  (Quebec  market,  hi  Isiil  he  re- 
moved to  La  Crosse.  WisroMsin.  an<l  eight  years 
later  came  tolhisiitv;  lie    piinhased  the  Edina 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


533 


mills  at  Richfield,  and  has  since  conducted  them, 
in  company  with  his  hrother  John.  He  also  has 
a  flour  and  feed  store  at  219  First  Avenue  south. 
Mr.  Craik  was  the  first  man  to  manufacture  pearl 
barley  and  oat  meal  in  the  state  of  Minnesota. 
His  wife  was  >Iiss  Elizalieth  Broadfoot  of  Scot- 
land. Slie  has  borne  him  six  children:  William, 
James,  John,  Andrew,  Isabel  and  Alexander. 

E.  A.  Cramsie,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
born  at  Philadelphia,  in  1836.  He  learned  the 
blacksmitirs  trade,  and  in  1856,  moved  to  St. 
Paul,  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  with  his 
father  and  brother.  He  enlisted  in  the  Tenth 
Minnesota  Infantry  and  served  until  the  regi- 
ment was  discharged;  on  his  return  from  the 
arm  y ,  he  came  to  this  city  and  worked  for  dif- 
ferent persons  imtil  1875,  when  he  established  bu- 
siness for  himself  at  111  Main  street  south-east; 
he  now  has  a  partner  and  they  transact  a  general 
blacksmithing  business,  making  a  specialty  of 
fine  horse-shoeing.  Mr.  Cramsie  married  Miss 
Mary  Ahern,  of  St.  Paul,  in  1S58.  They  have 
had  seven  children. 

M.  H.  Crittenden,  born  in  "Washtenaw  county, 
Michigan,  in  1834.  In  1855,  he  moved  to  Winona, 
Minnesota,  engaged  in  farming  until  1863,  when 
he  went  to  llochester  and  embarked  in  mercan- 
tile business.  In  1867,  he  removed  to  St.  Paul 
and  commenced  the  maiuifacture  of  galvanized 
iron  cornice,  roofs,  etc.  Mr.  Scribner,  his  pres- 
ent partner  became  interested  with  him  in  1872; 
their  office  and  factory  in  St.  Paul  is  on  the  corner 
of  Sibley  and  east  Sixth  streets,  and  in  this  city 
at  203  and  205  First  Avenue  north,  ilr.  Crit- 
tenden was  married  to  Miss  Iklurray,  ui  1855. 
They  are  the  parents  of  two  children. 

A.  J.  Creigh  has  been  identified  with  the  city 
of  MinneapoUs  since  1876;  he  came  here  that 
year  as  the  agent  of  Emerson,  Fisher  and  Com- 
pany, carriage  manufacturers  of  Cincinnati,  and 
has  since,  by  square  dealing,  and  strict  attention 
to  business,  established  a  good  trade  which  is 
yearly  increasing.  The  sales  for  the  year  1880, 
amounted  to  six  hundred  Imggies;  he  also  deals 
largely  in  horses  and  harness. 

Richard  Crosby,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
January  23d.  1851.  He  came  with  his  parents  to 
Le  Sueur  county.  Minnesota,  when  he  was  five 
years  of  age,  and  remained  on  a  farm  until  he  was 
nineteen.     Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1874,  and  has 


worked  as  mill  wright  since  that  time.  He  has 
been  employed  in  the  Anchor  mill  smce  June, 
1879,  occupying  the  position  of  head  mill-wright. 
Mr.  Crosby  was  married  in  1874;  his  wife  was 
Eveline  A.  Campbell,  who  died  in  August,  1876, 
leaving  one  child,  Alice  !M. 

Captain  Jiulson  Xewell  Cross  was  born  January 
16th,  1838,  in  the  town  of  Philadelphia,  Jefferson 
county,  New  York.  He  is  the  son  of  Rev.  Gor- 
ham  Cross,  who  was  pastor  of  the  Congregational 
Church  at  Richville,  St.  Lawrence  county,  New 
York,  for  forty  years.  He  went  to  Oberlin  College, 
Ohio,  at  the  age  of  seventeen  and  remained  until 
the  Avar  broke  out,  supporting  himself  by  teach- 
hig  during  the  college  vacations,  which  at  that 
time  were  in  the  winter.  He  was  the  second  one 
to  sign  the  roll  at  the  great  church  at  Oberlin, 
April  20th,  1861,  when  after  a  stirring  speech  by 
Professor  Monroe,  a  hundred  college  students  en- 
listed in  a  half  hour  and  became  the  somewhat 
famous  company  C,  Seventh  Ohio  Infantry  regi- 
ment. He  was  commissioned  its  first  lieutenant 
April  29th,  1861 ;  he  was  with  his  regiment 
through  the  several  campaigns  in  West  Virginia, 
under  Generals  McClellan,  Rosencranz  and  Cox, 
was  severely  woiuided  in  the  arm  and  shoul- 
der, and  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Cross 
Lanes  in  West  Virginia,  August  26th,  1861;  being 
too  bailly  wounded  to  be  sent  on  to  Richmond  he 
was  kept  in  the  rebel  camp  during  the  battle  of 
Carnifax  Ferry,  September  10th,  where  General 
Rosencranz  first  won  his  fame,  ani  at  the  ferry 
the  next  day,  when  the  two  armies.  Generals 
Floyd  and  Henry  A.  Wise  on  the  rebel  side, 
fought  several  hours  over  them  at  Clifton,  and 
was  finally  recaptured  by  (ieneral  Rosencranz  on 
the  11th  of  September.  He  was  taken  by  slow 
stages  to  Cincinnati,where  he  was  skilfully  treated 
by  Dr.  Muzzy  and  his  arm  saved.  November 
2-5th,  1861,  he  was  promoted  to  captain  of  com- 
pany K,  the  same  regiment,  an<l  as  soon  as  able 
he  was  detailed  as  recruiting  oUicer  at  Cleveland, 
where  he  remained  until  he  rejoined  his  regiment 
early  in  1863,  at  Dumfries,  Virginia,  having  been 
married  to  Clara  Steele  X((rton  at  Oberlin,  Ohio, 
September  lUh,  1862.  His  wound  gave  him  so 
much  trouljlethat  he  resigned  February  9th.  1863, 
and  studied  law  at  the  Albany  law  school  until 
June  13th  1863,  when  he  was  commissioned  first 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  regiment  V.  R.  C,  and 


531 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


promoted  to  captain,  October  28th,  1863,  taj'Tresi- 
dent  Lincoln,  and  was  stationed  at  Cleveland.  St. 
Louis,  and  Indianapolis.  In  Deceinlier,  l.S()8,  he 
was  placed  in  command  of  the  military  post  at 
Madison.  Indiana,  remainini;  until  April.  1864. 
when  he  was  made  acting'  assistant  adjutant  gen- 
eral of  the  district  of  Indiana,  and  chief  of  staff 
of  the  commanding  general  of  that  district.  In 
July  following  he  was  ordered  to  "\^'ashington,  D. 
('..  an<l  received  the  iiiipoiiitment  of  assistant  pro- 
vost marshal  of  the  district  of  Wasliinglon,  and 
placed  on  the  staff  of  the  military  governor.  In 
Novemher  he  was  appointed  provost  mai-shal  of 
Georgetown,  D.  C.  and  soon  after  special  mus- 
tering officer,  to  muster  for  pay  at  Annapolis, 
ilanland,  the  eighteen  thousand  returned  pris- 
oners of  war  from  Andersonville.  He  resigned 
his  commission  and  was  honorahly  discharged 
March  ItUli,  1805.  lie  linished  his  law  studies  at 
Columbia  College,  New  York  city  and  the  Albany 
law  school,  graduating  in  lliesjiriiig  of  ISfifi.  He 
soon  comiMcncecl  jiracticiug  law  at  Lyons.  Iowa, 
of  which  city  he  was  elected  mayor  in  IsTi.  He 
remained  in  Lyons  nearly  ten  years  as  jiartner  of 
of  Hon.  A.  H.  Cotton,  who  was  in  congress  part 
of  the  time.  Cai)tain  Cross  came  to  Minneapolis 
Octolier  loth,  IhTo.  and  formed  a  law  partnership 
with  his  old  friend  and  classmate,  Col.  H.  G. 
Hicks,  with  whom  he  is  still  in  active  practice. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  I'lyniouth  Congregational 
Church  of  this  city,  and  in  polities  is  a  republican. 
He  has  four  childreii  living;  Kate  Hinl.  aged  six- 
teen ;  Morton  Munlock,  ageil  fourteen:  Xellie 
Malum,  aged  eleven,  and  Clara  Amelia,  aged 
three,    (inc.  Clevie  S.,  died  in  infancy. 

Win.  Cross  was  born  in  the  jiidxince  of  Onta- 
rio. Canada,  June  i»th,  IKoS.  He  grew  to  man- 
hood there  and  learned  the  trade  of  tinsmith  ;  in 
1879  he  removed  to  Minneaiiolis,  and  worked  at 
liis  trade  until  April,  iswi.  when  lie  started  in  tlie 
business  with  Hans  Lindas,  the  firm  now  being 
Cross  and  Lindas.  They  deal  in  stoves  and  tin- 
ware, and  maiHifacture  cojiper  and  sheet-iron 
utensils.  They  are  located  at  Mill  Washington 
Avenue  south. 

(;.  N.  Culver,  a  native  of  Saint  I'aul.  Minne- 
sota. W!U*  iMirn  July  1 1th.  IH-'j".  He  received  his 
education  In  the  scIhhiIs  of  that  city  and  com- 
pleted a  course  at  the  Faribault  military  school. 
At  tlic  age  of  sixteen  years  he  Ix'gan  business  by 


assisting  his  father,  Geo.  Culver,  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Metropolitan  hotel  at  Saint  Paul. 
In  the  fall  of  1S7S  he  started  in  the  book  busi- 
ness, soliciting  for  different  publications.  He 
continued  this  until  December,  1879,  when  he 
estal)lished  a  book  store  at  Stillwater,  located  on 
lower  Main  street;  and  in  the  winter  of  1880  he 
purchased  one-half  interest  in  the  book  store  at 
255  Nicollet  Avenue,  Minneapolis,  firm  name  of 
Culver  and  ISIerrill.  Mr.  Culver  married  !Miss 
Saidee  Ten  Eyck,  in  Saint  Paul,  July  11th,  1879. 

A.  A.  Cummings  was  born  in  Illinois,  near 
Chicago,  November  7th,  1855,  and  made  that  city 
his  home  until  he  grew  to  manhood.  lie  learned 
the  painter's  trade  with  William  Glasgow  at  Chi- 
cago, and  worked  w'ith  other  fine  workmen  until 
lie  is  now  master  of  the  art.  In  1877  he  came 
here  and  engaged  in  sign  and  ornamental  paint- 
ing for  ISIr.  Wagner.  In  1879  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  .Mr.  J.  M.  Bausman,  which  con- 
tinued until  October.  1880.  when  Mr.  Cummings 
went  into  l)usiness  alone.  His  present  location  is 
at  252  Ilcnuepin  Avenue. 

E.  W.  Cummings,  a  native  of  Lycoming,  Penn- 
sylvania, was  born  in  June,  1825.  He  attended 
York  Academy  seven  years,  and  in  1843  came 
west.  He  traveled  through  several  states,  and 
finally  located  at  Cottage  (iiove,  Minnesota,  in 
1845.  There  he  opened  a  farm  and  made  some  im- 
provements, but  lost  it.  because  of  being  a  minor. 
In  1847,  he  came  to  Saint  Paul  and  worked  as 
clerk  for  Mr.  Jackson  in  mercantile  business.  The 
fall  following  he  came  to  St.  Anthony  and 
made  a  claim  at  what  is  now  the  junction  of  the 
main  line  and  branch  of  the  St.  Paul,  Miiuieapo- 
lisand  .Manitoba  railroad.  nni)n)ve(l  it  and  fol- 
lowed general  farniini,'  until  18."):!.  \v lien  he  went 
into  the  real  estate  liusiness,  and  has  lieen  thus 
occupied  until  the  i)resent  time  :  his  oflice  is  at 
1(111  Central  Avenue.  Mr.  Cuiuiuing's  wife  was 
Martha  Estes,  of  St.  Anllion>.  Their  children 
are  Minnie  and  Louise,  both  li\  iug  with  their 
l)arents  at  M2o  Sixth  Avenue  south-east. 

I{.  K.  Cunuuins.  a  native  of  Delaware  county, 
Pennsylvania,  was  buiii  .May  171h.  18ll.  He 
learned  the  trade  of  machinist  at  Philadelphia. 
August  sth.  18(12,  he  eidisted  in  the  army  of  the 
Potomac,  and  took  iiail  iu  all  the  battles  in  which 
the  regiment  engagcil.  He  was  nuistered  out 
July  23d,  18B4,  and  came  to   VaIvu   Prairie,  Hen- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


53.5 


nepin  county.  He  bnilt  the  steamer  "  Mary,"  for 
Captain  Ilalsted,  in  1876,  and  ran  one  season  as 
her  captain.  During  tlie  winter  following  lie  as- 
sisted in  building  tlie  "  Hattie,"  and  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1877  he  ran  the  "  Fresco,"  on  Lalie  Min- 
netonka.  In  1879  he  came  here,  and  worked  for 
C.  C.  Washburn  three  months,  and  since  that 
time  has  l)een  in  tlie  Galaxy  mill.  May  2d.  18(i.5, 
he  married  Georgiana  Leigli,  who  lias  borne  him 
two  children  :    Oscar  and  Lena. 

T.  C.  Cunningliam  was  born  at  Bangor,  Maine' 
in  1857.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  I.s5ll,  and  lo- 
cated in  Bice  county,  where  he  followed  milling 
until  coming  to  this  city  in  1876.  He  was  in  the 
restaurant  business  until  January,  1880,  wlieii  he 
took  the  Buslmell  House,  of  which  he  is  now  pro- 
prietor. Mr.  Cunningliam  was  married  January 
13th,  1880,  to  Miss  Ellen  Peters. 

C.  C.  Curtiss  was  born  August  23d,  1837,  in  Clin- 
ton, Oneida  county.  New  York.  In  18.58  he  grad- 
uated from  the  normal  school  at  Albany,  and  has 
since  followed  the  profession  of  teaching,  with 
the  exception  of  two  years  that  he  kept  books,  in 
New  York  city  and  Rochester.  He  came  to  Min- 
nesota in  1869,  having  previously  received  the  de- 
gree of  M.A.  from  Hamilton  College,  New  York, 
and  settled  in  Rochester,  where  he  was  elected 
city  superijitendent  of  schools,  which  position  he 
held  one  year ;  then  went  to  Winona,  and  re- 
mained four  years,  teaching  penmanship  in  the 
normal  school.  In  1874  he  came  to  ^Minneapolis, 
and  started  "  Curtiss'  Business  College,"  and 
started  another  in  St.  Paul  in  1879.  Mr.  Curtiss 
married  ^higgle  Hamilton,  who  has  borne  him 
five  cliildren.  Those  living  are  :  Willie,  Harry, 
and  Fred. 

Theodore  L.  Curtis,  deceased,  a  native  of 
Freeport  Maine,  was  born  in  1818.  He  came  to 
iliuneapolis  in  1 8.5-5,  and  followed  the  business 
of  contractor  and  builder  for  a  time,  and  after- 
ward engaged  in  furniture  manufacturing  and 
undertaking.  He  married  Miss  Esther  Moore, 
August  27th,  1846.  Six  children  were  born  to 
them :  Emma,  Susie,  Fannie,  Theodore,  Etta, 
and  Norman.   Mi-.  Curtis  died  September  11,1 874. 

Theodore  F.,  son  of  Theodore  L.  Curtis,  was 
born  at  Portland,  Mame,  February  7th,  1855, 
and  came  here  with  his  parents,  when  a  babe. 
In  1878  he  opened  a  restaurant  at  No.  39,  Wash- 
mgton  Avenue  soutli,  afterward  kept  the  'Bon 


Ton,"  and  in  April,  1880,  opened  the  "Fulton 
Market"  restaurant,  at  221,  First  Avenue  south, 
where  he  is  still  in  business. 

James  Cuthbertson,  a  native  of  Canada,  was 
born  in  1843.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1866, 
and  worked  at  pattern  making  for  the  Minneap- 
olis Iron  Works,  and  remained  with  them  three 
years.  In  1870  be  engaged  in  bushiess  for  him- 
self, and  in  1874  the  firm  of  Fiender  and  Cuth- 
bertson was  formed;  they  manufacture  the  Stan- 
dard middlings  purifiers,  and  other  mill  furnish- 
ings, at  425,  Fourth  street  south.  Their  goods 
are  largely  used  in  all  the  mills  of  this  city,  also 
in  many  other  places  throughout  the  country. 
In  1874  Mr.  Cuthbertson  married  Hannah  Bates; 
two  children  have  been  born  to  them:  Harr>' 
and  Jennie.  Mrs.  Cuthbertson  died  Februaiy 
23d,  1880. 

C.  H.  Daggett,  member  of  the  firm  of  Bid- 
well  and  Company,  was  born  at  Canton,  Massa- 
chusetts, September  19th,  1.S47.  He  came  to  Min- 
neapolis in  1867,  and  worked  for  M.  D.  Bidwell 
until  1873,  shice  which  time  he  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm.  He  was  married  in  1873,  to 
Sarah  N.  Bidwell,  of  this  city.  They  have  one 
son;  Hubert  L.,  aged  three  years. 

Alpheus  Dale  was  born  in  the  state  of  Penn- 
sylvania, in  1844.  At  the  age  of  nine  years,  he 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Illinois  and  remained 
there  until  1863.  when  he  removed  to  Iowa, 
and  two  years  later,  came  to  Minneapolis.  He 
worked  at  carpentery  until  1871,  then  started  a 
hack  stable,  and  continued  until  1879,  when  he 
added  a  livery  business.  His  stable  is  located  at 
220  Second  Avenue  north,  where  he  has  accom- 
modations for  thirty-four  horses.  Mr.  Dale  was 
married  February  28th,  1872,  to  Louisa  Arnold. 

Rudolph  Dalliige,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
bom  November  8th,  1844.  In  the  fall  of  1867, 
he  came  to  America  and  passed  the  winter  in 
Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  coming  to  this  place  the 
foUowing  spring.  He  learned  the  trade  of  black- 
smith in  his  native  comitry,  and  has  been  engaged 
in  that  business  in  this  city.  He  was  married 
September  1.3tli,  1873,  and  is  the  parent  of  one 
son  and  two  daughters.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Dalluge  and  llapke,  general  black- 
smithing,  since  1876.  Their  shop,  which  is  locate 
ed  at  106  north  First  street,  is  26x36  feet.  They 
run  two  fires  and  employ  three  men. 


536 


insTonr  of  hennei'IN  county. 


Patrick  Dalv.  :i  native  of  Irehuul.  was  honi  in 
Tryonc  (■(Hiiity.  April  23d.  1.S3G.  lu  l.s-57,  lie 
went  to  Australia,  where  lie  engaged  in  gold 
liiiniiig:  in  IMi.'i.  he  removed  to  New  Zealand, 
and  continued  mining.  In  October.  ISTO.  he  left 
that  country  for  America,  landed  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. California,  and  after  a  short  time. 
came  to  Miniieapolis.  I'nlil  1H76.  he  was  in  the 
liotel  business;  since  then,  lias  served  on  the 
police  force.  Married  in  1860,  to  Catharine  Fox, 
a  native  of  Ireland.  They  have  had  six  children, 
four  of  whom  are  living. 

T.  K.  Danforth  was  born  in  .Xasliua.  New 
Hampshire,  in  ISL'4.  lie  came  to  Saint  I'aiil.  in 
the  fall  of  l,s.'),3,  and  engaged  in  the  express  liiisi- 
iiess  for  eleven  years;  then  accepted  a  position 
as  conductor  on  the  Saint  Paul  and  Pacilic  rail- 
road, which  he  held  until  1875,  when  he  went  to 
Chain|>lin.  Hennepin  county,  and  engaged  in 
farming  until  1878.  He  then  came  to  this  city 
and  opened  a  livery,  sale  and  boarding  stable, 
whidi  lie  has  since  conducted.  His  location  is 
in  the  rear  of  the  Hrigham  house,  on  Hennepin 
Avenue,  between  Fifth  and  Sixth  streets.  He 
was  maiTied  August  2d,  18o7,  to  Olive  Fogg. 
They  have  one  child.  Hattie,  born  Novemlier 
:J«tli,  18<>(i. 

S.  G.  Daniels,  proprietor  of  the  Hellevue  house, 
Corner  Washington  and  Third  Avenue  north, 
w;ls  Ihihi  in  Saint  Albans.  \'erraont,  in  1841. 
He  engaged  in  hotel  business  in  his  native  town, 
Uien  ill  IJoston.  Mitssa('hu.setts,  four  years;  in  the 
<'ily  hotel.  Itrattleboro.  \'ennonl.  two  years;  and 
two  years  in  the  Park  house.  He  built  the  Hel- 
levue lion.se.  this  city,  in  1K70.  It  is,  in  size, 
3(1x4(1  feet,  three  stories  high,  ami  cnntains  thirty- 
one  rooms.  .Mr.  Daniels  is  the  oldest  landlord 
ill  the  city. 

Frank  Dark  is  Ihc  pinjirictor  nf  ihc  .Market 
hotel,  located  corner  of  l'"irsl  stri'et  and  First 
Avenue  north.  The  house  has  a  stable  in  con- 
nection, which  has  room  for  lifty  horses.  The 
Iiroximity  of  this  house  to  the  r'ity  market,  makes 
it  a  favorite  with  the  farmers.  C.  D.  Dark,  son 
of  the  prc'prietoi'.  has  charge  of  the  odice. 

T.  H.  Darnni  was  born  in  Copenhagen,  Den- 
mark, ill  1848.  lie  i-Mwr  In  Ihc  I'liited  SUites 
in  1H73.  and  for  two  years  rcsiiled  in  IlliiKiis  and 
Wisconsin.  He  came  to  .Minneapolis.  aii<l  lor 
live  years  WHS  Iravelhig  for  \.  Kelly  anci  Cmii- 


■  paiiy,  selling  goods.  In  September,  1880,  he 
opened  a  saloon  on  Tenth  Avenue  south,  corner 
of  Second  street. 

.lohn  Daviii  was  born  in  Northampton,  Mas- 
sachusetts, in  ^'ovember,  1852.  His  jiarents  re- 
moved to  Beloit,  Wisconsin,  when  he  was  a  babe, 
and  in  l.s(!4  they  removed  to  this  city.  At  the 
age  of  thirteen,  John  commenced  life  for  himself. 
He  first  worked  on  the  canal,  and  then  went  into 
the  Arctic  mill,  where  he  remained  for  seven 
years.  lie  then  went  mto  the  old  Washburn  mill 
one  year,  and  came  to  the  Cataract,  where  he 
worked  as  packer  one  year,  and  has  since  re- 
mained in  that  mill.  He  has  learned  milling 
thoroughly. 

Professor  Charles  Davidson  was  born  near 
Hudson,  Ohio.  July  29th,  1852.  When  he  was 
three  years  of  age  his  parents  removed  to  Iowa. 
He  attended  a  select  school  at  Danville,  and  af- 
terward tonight  in  his  father's  house,  on  the  farm 
near  (Jrinnell,  Iowa.  In  1869  he  entered  the  pre- 
paratory department  of  the  lovv-a  College,  and  af- 
ter six  years,  graduated  in  the  classical  course.  In 
187(5  he  entered  the  graduate  department  of  Yale 
College,  and  in  tlie  fall  of  1877  returned  to  Grin- 
nell.  where  he  was  appointed  tutor  in  the  Iowa 
College.  whi('h  position  he  occupied  four  months. 
He  then  taught  six  months  in  the  graded  school 
of  (Jrinnell.  In  the  summer  of  1878  he  received 
the  jMaster's  degree,  and  in  the  fall  was  chosen 
professor  of  languages  in  Mitchell  Seminary.  In 
1879,  moved  to  Minneapolis,  and  founded  the 
"Minneapolis  Academy."  His  wile,  wlioni  he 
married  in  187S,  was  Miss  II.  A.  Xoyes.  of  Inde- 
pendence, Iowa.  She  was  liorn  October  29tli, 
1852,  and  graduated  from  the  Iowa  College  in 
1878.  She  supported  herself  dining  the  entire 
course  by  teaching,  vacations. 

C.  Wright  Davison  was  born  in  Leeds  county. 
Province  of  Ontario,  February  27th,  1849.  At 
the  age  of  .sixteen  he  grailuat(Hl  from  a  country 
winter  school,  and  began  teaching,  receiving  for 
his  services  the  iirincely  sum  of  six  dollars  and 
lifty  cents  \wy  nmnth.  ami  board.  .\t  twenty-one 
he  went  to  Nebraska  and  engaged  in  carpenter 
work,  then  as  clerk,  and  altei  ward  as  district 
agent  (or  the  American  Insurance  Comi)auy  at 
Kansas  City  and  St.  Louis,  .Xlissouri.  He  then 
engaged  with  liichard  Ivl wards  on  the  city  direc- 
tor\ .  ami    in   the  wiiilrr  of   1S72  was  sent  by  him 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


537 


to  publish  the  St.  Paul  directoiy.  In  1873,  re- 
turned with  W.  M.Campbell,  and  issued  St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis  and  La  Crosse  directories.  In  1874-.5 
was  in  tlie  printing  business.  In  1876,  was  man- 
ufacturing fine  furniture,  employing  twenty  men. 
Since  that  time  has  given  his  attention  to  the  di- 
rectory and  Abbott's  map  of  Minneapolis,  enjoy- 
ing a  prosperous  business,  the  result  of  grit  and 
perseverance.   . 

R.  A.  Davison  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  moved 
to  Iowa,  and  engaged  as  cashier  witli  ]SIattliews 
and  son,  at  Rockford.  lie  remained  there  two 
years,  and  when  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Cedar  Falls  was  organized,  he  accepted  a  posi- 
tion in  it  and  remained  for  six  years.  He  then 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  opened  the  banking 
business  of  R.  A.  Davison  and  Company,  on  the 
east  side.  Mr.  Davison  was  married  to  Miss  Mary 
L.,  daughter  of  Hon.  11.  Leavitt,  of  Waterloo, 
Iowa. 

E.  J.  Davenport  was  born  at  Middlebury,  Ver- 
mont, May  loth,  18.52.  He  graduated  at  Middle- 
bury  College  in  1871,  and  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
the  fall  of  that  year.  He  occupied  the  position 
of  deputy  clerk  of  the  district  court  until  1S74, 
and  for  the  three  years  following  was  clerk  of  the 
municipal  court.  From  that  time  until  January, 
1,881,  he  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  ;  then 
entered  upon  his  duties  as  clerk  of  the  district 
court,  to  which  office  he  was  elected  in  the  fall  of 
1880.  He  was  married  June  15th,  1875,  to  Miss 
Jennie  II.  Taylor,  a  grand-daughter  of  ex-Presi- 
dent Harrison.  They  have  one  child,  Levi  B., 
bom  November  11th,  1876. 

J.  II.  Davis  was  born  at  Warren,  Vermont, 
April  12tli,  1838.  He  grew  to  manhood  on  a 
farm,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  this  city  in 
1858.  He  engaged  as  cheek  clerk  with  the  C.  M. 
and  St.  P.  Railway,  and  remained  in  that  position 
until  the  spring  of  1880,  since  which  time  he  has 
given  his  entire  attention  to  his  interest  in  the 
Ikleyrs  and  Davis  dray  line.  He  became  a  member 
of  that  firm  in  1871.  Mr.  Davis  is  an  unmarried 
man,  and  resides  witli  liis  mother  at  111  Sixth 
street  south. 

\V.  II.  II.  Day,  of  the  firm  of  Smith  &  Day, 
was  born  in  Wasliington  county,  Maine.  Xovember 
20th,  1840.  He  came  with  his  father  to  Minneap- 
olis in  June,  1854,  and  has  resided  here  since.  In 
March,  1876,  he  entered  mto  partnership  with  .1. 


R.  Smith  in  the  hardware  business  at  529  Wash- 
ington Avenue  south.  He  was  married  in  Aug- 
ust, 1863,  to  Nettie  K.  Hanscomb,  of  Maine. 
They  have  four  children:  Addie  M.,  Franklin  E., 
Fannie  E.  and  Frederic  H. 

William  H.  Davis  was  born  at  Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania,  May  1st,  1840.  He  learned  the 
trade  of  machinist,  serving  four  years  with  Al- 
fred Jenks  and  Son.  In  1866,  removed  to  Canton, 
Ohio,  and  for  five  years  was  foreman  of  E. 
Ball  and  Company's  iron  works.  lie  was  engaged 
at  his  trade  in  Wheeling,  Virginia;  returned  to 
Canton,  and  went  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  until  1876, 
when  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  as  su- 
perintendent of  the  Harvester  Works,  which  po- 
sition he  held  until  October,  1879.  He  then  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  Ilashow  and  Maish  in 
the  Variety  Iron  Works.  Mr.  Davis  was  married 
November  24th,  1864.  Children:  Calvin  Hart- 
ley, born  in  Philadelphia,  and  Mabel  EUen,  born 
m  Canton,  Ohio. 

Ernest  Dean,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born  in 
1851.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1866,  located 
in  Hastings,  Minnesota,  one  winter,  then  came  to 
Minneapolis.  First  worked  at  painting,  and  in 
1870  engaged  with  Greenleaf  and  Buchanan,  deal- 
ers in  boots  and  shoes.  He  then  passed  two  years 
at  Brainerd,  and  on  his  return  to  this  city  en- 
gaged as  salesman  with  Clementson  for  six 
years.  Then  with  C.  A.  Ileffelfinger  until  the 
organization  of  the  firm  of  Liljengren  and  Dean, 
furniture  manufactmers,  in  May,  1880.  lie  was 
was  married  in  1875  to  Ida  Peterson. 

Joseph  Delorier  was  born  in  Dakota  Territory, 
near  the  Canada  line,  in  1849.  He  moved  to  St. 
Cloud,  Muniesota,  in  1864,  and  to  this  city  four 
years  later.  From  1867,  he  was  engaged  in  sur- 
veying for  seven  years;  since  then  has  kept  a 
boarding  house  at  No.  13  Second  street  north. 
He  married  Adelaide  Boucher  in  1876,  who  has 
borne  him  one  child,  Wilfred  L. 

Z.  Demeides  was  born  in  lower  Canada  .July 
23d,  1838.  He  received  his  education  at  Montreal 
College  and  came  to  Minnesota  in  1855,  settling 
at  Osseo,  where  he  engaged  as  clerk  in  a  general 
store.  In  1862  he  established  business  for  him- 
self, and  in  1879,  removed  to  Minneapolis  and 
opened  his  grocery  store  at  27  First  street  south. 
He  has  been  a  notary  public  hi  Hennepin  coimty 
for  sixteen  years.    Married  Margaret  Labresche, 


538 


HTSTOBY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


of  Mi(-hi|i;an.  in  lS')!i.  Of  ilic  nine  children  liorn 
to  llieni.  cij.'lit  arc  liviiifi. 

W.  II.  Dennis.  :ii<-liit«-rt,  waslKinim  Delawiiic 
county.  New  York,  in  1h4o.  At  tlie  age  of  fif- 
teen, lie  went  to  New  Vork  city,  bejran  learning 
the  jirofes.sion  of  architect,  and  made  that  iilacc 
his  home  for  fifteen  yeai-s.  Dnring  this  time,  he 
spent  two  years  in  Europe,  perfectiniy;  himself  in 
his  chosen  profession.  He  had  charge  of  the  city 
hall  liuildiiig  at  Cleveland.  ( )lii<i.  which  cost  half 
u  niilliiin  dollai-s,  and  was  emploxcd  on  the  state 
e«pitol  of  Michigan.  He  was  uiairied  ju  isTT. 
and  came  to  Minneapolis  the  following  year.  He 
drew  the  plans  for  the  resiileiice  of  H.  15.  Lang- 
don  and  the  wholesale  stores  of  T.  A.  Harrison, 
Wynian  anil  Mnllin.  Hall  and  Naylor,  the  Hen- 
nejiin  Avenue  .Methodist  church,  and  many  other 
pniininent  Imildings  and  residences. 

H.  Dennison  was  horn  in  Farmington.  Maine, 
in  1843.  In  1H6(>  he  removed  to  New  York  city 
and  remained  there  until  1K74.  when  he  came  to 
this  city.  He  was  engaged  with  the  linn  of  Jlar- 
nanl  and  C<>\k'.  furniture  manufacturers,  until 
the  fall  of  IHTii.  when  he  became  one  of  the  part- 
ners in  the  firm  of  J.  H.  Hiscock  iV  Co.  Mr. 
Dennison  was  married  in  1H72  to  Helen  (Jreen. 

James  K.  Dennison  was  born  in  Farmington, 
Maine,  in  1H42.  In  ls(i5  went  to  New  York  city 
and  eight  years  later  removed  to  Little  Kails. 
New  York,  where  he  was  employed  as  foreman 
in  a  furniture  factory.  He  then  returned  to 
Maine  and  caiue  to  .Miiiiieapolis  in  February. 
ISKO,  and  engaged  in  the  furniture  manufaetui- 
ing  business  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  .J.  II. 
Ilihcoi'k  iV  C<i.  In  Sept<'mber,  lH(i:i,  he  enlisted 
in  the  Kighth  Maine  and  served  thirteen  ni<inths 
as  member  of  the  band.  He  then  went  to  Cali- 
fornia anil  remained  until  he  went  to  New  York 
in  IHii."). 

II.  T.  Dick,  a  nalivcof  New  ^'ork.  was  boiii  in 
|H44.  He  wasengageil  in  tlie  restauniut  liusiuess 
in  Iowa  for  sevenil  years,  and  r  iiiie  to  this  city  in 
1H7K.  when-  he  opened  a  rcNlauranl  on  Fii-st 
Avemie  south,  but  not  making  it  pay.  he  removed 
to  Washington  Avenue  south,  and  in  Decendier, 
ISHO.  o)H-ned  at  his  jirewnt  location  4U')  Nicollet 
Avenue,  whi-n-  he  has  acconmiodalions  for  forty 
]HHi]ile.  He  married  Liz/.ie  Ce)ierley  in  1n7L'.  and 
has  three  children:  Maud.  Charles  and  Ilattie. 

Se)'niour  Dickinson  was  lK>rn  in  .St.  Lawrence 


county.  New  York,  .\pril  oth.  1843.  Moved  to 
Wisconsin  in  is.")!!,  and  in  lS(i2.  enlisted  in  the 
Twenty-first  Infantry:  re-enlisted  in  the  Third 
Wisconsin  Cavaliy  in  18(53,  and  .seiTed  until  his 
discharge  in  the  fall  of  IsO.").  In  1873,  went  into 
the  sewing  machine  business,  and  two  years  later, 
removed  to  Owatoiuia.  Miiniesota.  In  1879, 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  has  had  charge  of  the  of- 
fice of  the  American  Sewing  Machine  since.  He 
was  married  in  IsiiO  to  Malilila  Kickel,  by  whom 
he  had  two  cliildren:  Klsie  and  Yiola.  His  first 
wife  died  in  Is'li.  and  lie  luaiiied  in  ISTo.  Fanny 
L.  I'eet.  Their  c-liililieii  are.  Agnes,  Ida.  and 
Warren. 

Fred.  W.  Dillingliani  was  born  in  Oxford  coun- 
ty, Maine,  .Vugusl  11th,  ISol.  In  early  youth  he 
came  with  his  parents  to  Mimieapolis  where  he 
was  educated  at  the  common  schools  and  State 
University.  He  worked  for  his  father,  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  thiscnnutx.  until  1876,  when  he  en- 
gaged as  salesman  with  llic  North  Star  Boot  and 
Shoe  ('oni]iany.  in  which  [Kisilion  he  still  con- 
tinues. 

Charles  ii.  Dixon  was  born  at  Janesville.  W'is- 
consin.  July  27tli.  18.56.  While  young,  his  pa- 
rents moved  to  New  York,  and  he  grew  to  man- 
hood in  that  state,  learning  the  nulling  business 
at  LrK'kport.  Came  to  Minucaiiolis  in  July,  1879, 
and  worked  at  the  Standard  mill.  He  was  mar- 
ried January  28th,  1878,  at  Lockport,  New  York, 
to  Miss  Helen  Eager. 

J.  S.  Dodge,  a  native  of  New  York,  was  born  in 
Oswego  comity.  .Maich  18tli.  I8.");i.  He  learned 
iiiilliug  in  his  n;ili\r  lnwn.  I'ulaski.  Came  to 
this  city  in  1S7(I.  and  engaged  as  head  stone-dresser 
at  the  Washburn  Ii  mill.  Two  yeais  later  he 
removed  to  Klkadir,  Inwu.  anil  liail  charge  of  the 
Klkader  mills.  He  rclinmil  In  .Minueaiiolis  in 
1S7I  and  has  since  lieen  with  the  Washburn  mills. 
Since  .lanuary,  ISMl.  he  has  had  cliarge  nf  tlie 
Hungarian  department  in  the  C  mill.  .Married 
Ida  Sheriuaii  of  Iowa.  September  l.stli.  1.S76. 

A.  M.  Dole  was  born  in  Waterbury.  \'erniont, 
March  1st,  1814.  At  the  age  of  liftecn  he  went  to 
Ottawa,  Canada,  and  was  with  Haiiiillnii  Mrothers 
in  the  liunber  business.  Then  engaged  in  nier- 
cliandi.se  and  lumber  business  at  I'eiiibidok.  On- 
tario, under  firm  name  of  Cainernn  and  Cn.  In 
\H')')  he  came  west  on  a  jirospecling  imiranil  al'ler 
seeing    Minnea|H)Iis,  di-lei  iiiiiinl   tn   uiakr    lliat 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


539 


place  his  home  at  some  future  time.  He  started 
a  lumber  mill  at  Chippewa  Falls,  Wisconsin,  and 
continued  there  until  lSt)2.  when  he  sold  his  in- 
terest to  his  partner  and  managed  his  business  in 
Canada  until  1872,  when  he  came  to  this  place. 
In  1S7S,  he  became  interested  in  the  Star  Oil 
Company,  of  which  he  is  the  manager.  Married 
in  1857,  Miss  S.  M.  Stiles  of  Fort  Covington,  New 
York.  They  have  had  two  children,  Fannie  J. 
and  George.  Fannie  died  in  isiis  and  (ieorge  is 
with  his  father  in  the  Star  Oil  Company. 

James  Albert  Dodge,  professor  of  chemistry 
in  the  University  of  Mumesota,  was  born  at  Sa- 
lem. Massachusetts,  March  27th,  1848.  lie  grad- 
uated at  the  Salem  high  school  in  1863,  entered 
the  classical  course  at  Harvard  University  in 
186.5,  and  graduated  in  ISfiO.  He  next  taught 
school  one  year  in  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  thence 
returned  to  Salem  and  taught  in  the  high  school 
three  years,  paying  close  attention  to  the  science 
of  chemistry.  In  1873,  he  went  to  Europe,  pur- 
suing the  study  of  chemistry  at  the  I'niversities 
of  Heidelberg  and  Berlin,  in  Germany.  He  went 
from  Germany  to  Manchester,  England,  and 
studied  with  Professor  II.  E.  Koscoe,  the  famous 
chemist.  In  1875,  he  returned  home  and  taught 
in  the  Omaha,  Nebraska  high  school,  making  a 
specialty  of  teaching  chemistry.  In  the  fall  of 
1876,  he  returned  to  Europe  to  complete  his 
studies  at  Leipsic  and  Heidelberg,  receiving  from 
the  latter  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  m  the  spring  of 
1878.  Eeturning  home  lie  took  a  position  asjjro- 
fessor  of  natural  science  in  Baldwin  college  at 
Berea,  Ohio.  In  the  fall  of  LSHO,  he  accepted 
the  offer  of  professor  of  chemistry  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota. 

John  W.  Doell  was  born  in  Saxony,  German 
Empire,  August  28th,  1851.  After  attending  col- 
lege at  Eisenach  four  years,  he  came  to  America 
in  1867,  and  was  engaged  for  several  years  as  a 
type-setter  in  Philadelphia  and  Pittsburgh.  In 
1872,  he  came  to  Addison,  Illinois',  where  he  com- 
pleted his  studies  in  English  at  the  Seminary 
whence  he  graduated  in  1874.  Coming  to  Min- 
neapolis, he  was  engaged  in  teaching  Trinity 
Parochial  school,  continuing  until  November  1st, 
1880,  when  he  resigned. 

W.  A.  Dolliver  was  born  at  Kt-uduskeag.  Maine, 
October  2d,  1844.  He  received  his  education  in 
his  native  town  and  remained  theic  until  tlie  age 


of  twenty-one,  when  he  went  to  Bangor,  Maine, 
and  began  in  business  as  an  insurance  agent. 
He  remained  at  Bangor  until  coming  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1874,  and  has  since  resided  here.  He 
still  contmues  in  insurance  and  now  conducts 
what  is  known  as  Dollivers'  Insurance  Exchange, 
representing  six  of  the  leading  companies.  He 
was  imited  in  marriage,  November  15th,  1870,  to 
Miss  Ella  Simonton.  of  Maine.  They  are  parents 
of  one  son.  aged  one  year. 

Edward  Donlin  was  born  in  November,  1824. 
and  is  a  native  of  Ireland.  He  came  to  America, 
in  1839,  and  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Minne- 
sota, locating  in  Washington  Lake  township, 
Sibley  county;  he  had  tlie  honor  of  naming  the 
township.  In  1865  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and 
was  employed  by  others  seven  years,  then  com- 
menced business  for  himself,  and  is  now  proprie- 
tor of  the  North-western  Marble  Works.  He 
was  married  in  1849  to  Miss  Jane  S.  Bunnell,  of 
New  York  city.  Tliey  are  parents  of  six  children. 

M.  Donnelly  was  born  in  Lewis  county,  New 
York,  January  31st,  1837.  He  learned  the  shoe- 
maker's trade  at  Booneville,  Oneida  county.  He 
first  started  in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade  in  his  na- 
tive county.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1872, 
and  started  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business  in  Feb- 
ruary of  the  next  vear,  at  his  present  location, 
312  Washington  Avenue  north.  He  employs 
nine  men  who  are  constantly  at  work  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  all  kinds  of  boots  and  shoes  to  order. 
He  married  Helen  E.  Hinton,  of  Lewis  county. 
New  York,  in  1859. 

J.  W.  Doran  was  born  in  1850  in  Indiana.  He 
moved,  in  early  life,  with  his  parents  to  Ohio, 
lie  lived  there  five  years,  then  went  to  James- 
town, Blue  Earth  county,  Minnesota,  in  May, 
1857.  He  resided  there  until  coming  to  Minneap- 
olis in  1872.  He  learned  the  trade  of  cooper  in 
this  city,  and  joined  the  association  in  1876.  He 
was  married  in  1879  to  Miss  M.  C.  (iraliam.  Res- 
idence, 918  Chicago  Avenue. 

J.  H.  Dorner  was  born  at  Adrian.  Michigan,  in 
1852.  He  went  to  Chicago  in  l.s7u,  and  k'arne<l 
the  art  of  making  confectionery  withMr.  Eckardt, 
the  famous  Chicago  caterer.  He  remained  there 
until  18S0  when  lie  came  to  :Minneaiiolis.  Ilehas 
now  one  of  the  finest  establishments  of  the  kind 
in  this  city.  His  wife  was  Pauline  Kelly,  of  Chi 
cago. 


540 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


('.  1 1.  Dorr  was  liorii  at  East  Great  Works. now  I 
kiiiivMi  as  l{ra<llcy.  Maine,  in  1M.'4.  lie  followed 
liinilN-rin);  tliniuj;li  earl\  life  and  in  lt>47  caiue  to 
St.  Anthony.  In  1K49  lie  built  a  frame  house, 
then  in  (•oiniuiiiy  with  a  few  men  went  to  Swan 
river  and  met  ■■II<ile-iii-ilu'-I)ay."  an  Indian 
chief  at  l^illle  I{<M-k.  anil  aran|,'ed  with  him  for 
f^ettiu);  out  timher.  for  whieh  they  were  to  pay 
five  dollars  i«t  tree.  They  cut  about  one  hun- 
dred stifks  which  was  the  lirst  timber  ijoltcn  out. 
Mr.  Korr  continued  in  lumberinjj;  luilil  lie  liecame 
connected  with  the  Mississippi  and  Rum  River  I 
Ilooni  ronipany.  For  ten  yeai-s  he  was  enijiloyed  ; 
in  liHikini;  u]>  and  locating  (.'ovenuiieiit.  state  and 
Hcliool  lands.  He  »erve<i  as  alderman  of  St.  An- 
thony one  temi.  In  lKf>(4  he  took  the  position  of 
iKxini  master  and  yet  serves  in  that  capacity.  lie 
married  Celestia  A.  Kicker  of  Maine,  March  4th. 
lH4!t. 

Daniel  DonKla.ss  is  a  native  of  Kngland.  lit 
•■ame  t<i  Minncapnlis  in  IK"],  and  was  in  the  em- 
ploy of  Walker  |{rotliers  live  years. bcintrfiuenian 
three  years.  After  leaving  Ihcir  cnii'loN  lie  cii- 
(TSiKcil  in  liusi!iess  for  himself  and  is  now  a  nieni- 
Imt  of  the  prosiwrous  linn  of  Douglass  and  Hall.  ^ 
machinists  and  mill  furnishers.  He  was  married  i 
at  JJury.  Kngland.  Aujfusl.  ISfjd,  to  Elizabeth 
Holt.  Mary  E.,  Sarah  A.,  and  Annie  are  (heir 
living  childri'U.     Residence  on  Ceiiar  Lake  road. 

James  Dougherty  was  born  at  ISallimore.  Mary- 
land. A  UKUst.  I  K'>.5.  He  came  to  .Minnea|H>lis  in 
IMlL' with  his  parents.  He  cunimenccd  working 
in  the  rillsbiir>  mill  in  IHTl  at  the  foot  <if  the 
ladder  and  has  advanced  sle|)  by  slcp  until  he  has 
n'«che<I  the  position  he  holils  at  iprescnl.  that  of 
sloiie  dresser.  He  has  been  stone  dresser  and 
(frindcr  forsix  years  past.  Ily  his  strict  attention 
and  industry  gives  entire  satisfaction  to  his  em- 
ployers. 

Ile/ekiah  It.  Driw  is  a  native  of  ,\ew  llamp- 
Hhire.  Ihihi  Deccndier  ."toth.  |k-jii.  He  lived  with 
his  pan-nts  on  a  farm  until  twelve  years  of  age, 
when  tlicv  moved  t<i(iihnaiit<>n.  New  Hampshire, 
and  fiinr  years  later  to  \'ei-shire.  \'ermoid.  At 
the  age  of  seventeen  he  went  to  l/owell.  .Massa-  I 
chiisetts,  anil  served  an  apprenticeship  as  ma.son 
and  plasterer.  He  heanl  of  the  falls  of  SI.  An- 
thony and  n-solve<l  to  m-e  them,  sn  in  IK.'iU  he 
Hlart*-*!  west.  At  the  lime  he  arrived  at  St.  An- 
Uiony  there  were  but  few  families  hero,  but  his  I 


trade  yielded  him  four  and  live  dollars  per  day. 
which  soon  enabled  him  to  imrchase  a  home  on 
the  banks  of  the  Mississiiiipjand  send  for  his  wife. 
whom  he  had  left  in  Maine.  They  lived  on  the 
ea.st  side  thirteen  years.  In  l.s(U  he  removed  to 
Minneapolis  and  bought  proi)erty  of  Mr.  IJickford, 
where  he  now  resides,  at  4(11  Fourth  street  north. 
He  was  married  to  Miss  Eliza  Goodrich  of  ]?art- 
lett.  New  Hampshii-e.  in  18.55.  Their  onl,\  sur- 
viving child  is  Ilortoii  L..  Willi  is  station  agent  at 
Osakis,  Minnesota,  for  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
and  Manitoba  Railroad. 

Professor  John  F.  Downey  was  born  :it  Ilirams- 
bing,  Ohio,  January  KUli,  184().  When  he  was 
eleven  years  old  his  parents  removed  to  Michigan. 
He  attended  school  at  Three  Rivers,  and  Colon 
Seminary,  staying  at  the  latter  jilace  two  years. 
Thence  he  went  to  Hillsdale  College,  Michigan, 
entered  the  freshman  class  in  the  spring  of  1867 
and  graduated  in  1870,  after  which  he  took  the 
place  of  Professor  Collier,  jirofessor  of  natural 
sciences,  for  a  year,  and  then  was  principal  of  the 
school  at  Ca.ssopolis,  Michigan.  At  the  exiiirat  ion 
of  that  time  he  took  a  iHist-graduatc  course  in  the 
higher  niatliemalics,  astronomy  and  civil  engi- 
neering at  the  I'niversity  of  Michigan.  For  sev- 
eral years  after  completing  his  jiost-graduate 
course  he  was  professor  of  mathemalirs  and  as- 
tronomy at  Ann  Arbor.  In  the  fall  of  1880  he 
receive<l  an  offer  an<I  accepted  the  same  posi- 
tion at  the  Iniversity  of  Minnesota,  lie  was 
married.  December.  lS7o.  to  Miss  Stella  Osbonu". 
of  Cassopolis.  Michigan,  by,  whom  he  has  one 
child.  Harold   H. 

J.  ().  Drangc,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born  in 
183(1.  He  canu"  to  the  I'nited  States  in  18(11.  and 
resiiled  in  Uaciiie,  Wisconsin,  eight  years,  en- 
gaged in  blacksmithing.  He  then  went  to  Otter 
Tail  county,  Miniu'sota,  on  a  farm,  remaining 
three  years;  theiic*  to  Minneaiiolis.  where  Ik^ 
worked  at  blacksmithing  until  ISTii.  when  he 
ojiened  a  clotlring  store,  located  at  .'ion  W'asliing- 
lon  Avenue  south.  His  wife  was  .Iirinic  lleen, 
whom  he  married  in  I87ii. 

William  Dressier  was  born  in  GerniaiiN.  .Inly 
21th,  1831.  He  came  to  the  I'lMled  States  in 
18r)i;,  and  passed  the  time  in  prospecting  in  vari- 
<iiis  jiarls  of  the  country  mitil  l8r)(l.  wIhm  li,.  iHmc 
to  Miniu-aiiolis.  He  removed  to  St.  Paul  anil 
lived  four  years;  thence  to  Osseo,  Minnesotii,  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


541 


1862,  and  remained  until  1864.  He  then  went  to 
"Waterto^ii.  Minnesota,  and  engaged  in  the  giist 
and  saw-mill  business  until  1S7(),  when  he  re- 
turned to  Minneapolis,  and  has  siuee  been  in  a 
sale  and  boarding  stable.  He  was  married  in 
1859,  to  Doretha  Rnter,  of  Germany.  They  have 
seven  children  :  Matilda,  Amelia,  Jlartin,  Anna, 
Fred,  Albert,  and  Otto. 

D.  Driscoll.  born  in  1840.  is  a  native  of  Ireland. 
At  sixteen  years  of  age  he  learned  earriage-mak- 
ing,  serving  an  apprenticeship  of  five  years,  also 
paying  a  premium  of  fifty  dollars.  He  has  been 
ui  the  business  continually  ever  since.  He  came 
to  America  in  1862,  locating  at  Waupun,  Wiscon- 
sin. In  1871  be  removed  to  Miiuieapolis,  and 
worked  at  his  trade  until  1875,  when  he  estab- 
lished business  for  himself.  In  1870  the  firm  of 
Driscoll  and  Forsyth  was  formed.  lie  married 
Miss  Margaret  Ryan,  in  1866.  They  have  five 
daughters  and  two  sons. 

C.  H.  Dubois  was  born  March  24tli.  1847,  at 
High  Falls,  New  York.  The  son  of  a  farmer  in 
poor  circumstances,  he  worked  his  way  through 
the  Albany  Xormal  school.  After  serving  for 
three  years  as  principal  of  a  large  public  school, 
he  sjient  a  year  at  Cornell  T 'niversit}'.  Next  he 
attended  the  law  department  of  Michigan  Vm- 
versity,  from  which  he  graduated.  After  resid- 
ing a  year  in  Galveston,  and  another  in  Washing- 
ton, he  purchased  the  Herald  at  Grand  Haven, 
Michigan,  and  two  years  later,  the  Saturday  Eve- 
ning Post  at  Grand  Kapids.  Noting  the  rapid 
growth  of  Minneapolis,  in  wealth  and  population, 
Mr.  Dubois  concluded  that  liere  was  a  much 
larger  field  than  in  Michigan.  On  the  2()th  day 
of  July,  1879,  lie  started  the  Satunlay  Evening 
Spectator,  which  is  now  a  well  estalilished  weekly 
newspaper. 

William  Duhnke  is  a  native  of  I'russia.  He 
came  to  America  in  1854:  resided  at  Cliicago  one 
year;  thetice  to  Milwaukee  remaining  two  years. 
He  next  made  Indiana  his  lionie  wliere  he  re- 
mained seven  years,  dealing  in  general  merchan- 
dise, also  kept  the  Tell  City  post-oflice.  In  bsiifi, 
he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  after  being  a  dealer 
in  crockery  one  year,  opened  the  Mozart  liall  of 
which  he  is  proprietor.  He  married  Augusta 
(Julir  in  1857.  She  died  in  1871.  leaving  two 
children;   William    and    Amelia.     Mr.    Dulmke 


married  again,  Annie  Guhr,  who  bore  him  two 
cliildren;  Eeinhold  and  Liuira. 

C.  II.  Dunham  was  born  at  Plainville.  Connec- 
ticut, June  26th.  1852.  He  moved  with  his  par- 
ents to  Faribault,  Minnesota,  when  a  cliilil;  while 
there  learned  milling  and  worked  in  mills 
until  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  which  was  in  Au- 
gust, 1880.  On  his  arrival  in  this  city,  he  entered 
the  Union  mill  as  miller. 

L.  A.  Dmm  was  born  at  Lancaster,  Oliio,  Au- 
gust 19th,  1.S50.  He  came  to  ilinneapolis  in  1869 
and  received  his  education  at  the  University  of 
Minnesota,  and  after  graduating  read  law  with 
Beebe  and  Shaw,  and  with  Lochren,  JIcNair 
and  CxilHllan,  and  was  admitted  to  practice.  He 
was  appointed  clerk  of  the  municipal  court  by 
Judge  Cooley  in  1877  for  one  year.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mr.  Wilson,  who  died  in  1879,  and 
Mr.  Dunn  served  the  remainder  of  his  term.  The 
spring  of  1880,  he  was  aiipointed  for  one  year. 
His  marriage  occurred  in  1876.  He  is  the  parent 
of  one  son;  William. 

Thomas  Dunn  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  born  in 
1847.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1857,  his 
father  having  preceded  him.  He  learned  milling 
with  the  Pillsburys,  was  with  them  six  years, 
and  is  now  in  the  Anchor  mill.  Ten  years  pre- 
vious to  his  coming  here  he  was  engaged  in  cot- 
ton mills.  He  married  Miss  Mary  McCarthy, 
Septemlier  19th.  1870.  Their  children  are:  Will- 
iam J.,  Thomas  M.,  Juliet,  Ellen  and  Grace. 

R.  P.  Dunnington  was  born  in  Morgan  county, 
Ohio,  in  1835.  He  located  at  St.  Anthony  in 
1856,  and  assisted  in  building  Bassett's  saw-mill 
on  Bassett's  Creek;  also  assisted  in  putting  m  the 
machinery  at  the  North  Star  Woolen  Mills  and 
the  Cataract  mill.  He  continued  as  a  mill-wright 
until  1878,  when  he  took  the  Pettit  &  llobinson 
saw-mill  to  operate.  In  187.S  he  opened  a  liquor 
store  and  billiard  hall.  He  married  Ella  Rowe 
in  1867.  She  died  in  ls70,  leaving  one  child, 
Parris  M. 

J.  A.  Dunsmoor,  deceased,  was  In irn  in  Lunen- 
burgh,  Worcester  county,  ^lassachusetts,  Decem- 
ber 18tli,  1808.  He  located  first  at  Farmington, 
Maine,  and  was  elected  from  that  district  to  the  leg- 
islature. He  also  held  many  responsible  offices 
in  tliat locality,  some  of  which  were:  postmaster, 
county  treasurer, suiierintendent  of  scliool  boards, 
etc.    He  removed  to  St.  Anthony  in  1851 ,  and  the 


512 


UIS20BT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


next  year  KniKlit  land  in  the  present  town  of 
Hic-lilieKl.  Hennepin  i-ouiity.  A  portion  of  this 
land  he  donated  to  the  Hifhiield  Mills  Company, 
Ix'iii);  where  the  mills  now  stand.  Another  por- 
tion he  donated  for  the  school  Iniilding.  He  was 
a  man  of  unnsnal  enteri'rise,  and  ranked  among 
the  mfist  prominent  men  in  his  town  and  connty. 
Among  the  ollices  of  tnist  which  he  held  were : 
assessor,  postmaster,  and  jnstice  of  the  peace.  In 
lK7;i  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Los  Angeles, 
California,  at  which  place  his  Ijusy  and  well  spent 
life  ended.  Deccnilpcr  'IM.  1S7;{.  The  remainder 
of  the  family  still  reside  there,  except  one  son, 
Frederick  A.,  who  is  a  resident  physician  of  Min- 
neaiKilis.  Mr.  Dnnsmoor  was  married  Jnne 
4th.  1KS7.  to  Almini  Mosher,  of  Temple.  Maine. 
Their  children  are :  James  F.,  Irving  A.,  Alhert 
^'..  diaries  II..  Frederick  A.,  and  John  M. 

F.  A.  Dniismoor  has  lieen  a  life  long  resident 
of  Hennepin  county,  having  been  born  at  Kich- 
lield,  May  L'Hlh.  Its.'iS.  He  received  his  education 
at  the  public  schools  and  .St;ile  Univereity,  of 
Minnca|H)Iis.  He  lii-st  studied  medicine  with  Drs.  i 
(ioinlrii-h  and  Kimball,  of  this  city,  and  gradu- 
ated fnim  the^Uellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
of  New  Vork.  in  isT-l.  He  afterwards  received 
private  instructions  in  surgery,  diseases  of  the 
chest.  i>athology  and  chemistry,  from  Professors 
Hamilton.  Flint.  Janeway,  and  Dorcnuis.  He 
was  a.s.s<K:ialed  for  a  time  with  II.  H.  Kindiall  in 
practice,  and  as  a  surgeon  for  the  Milwaukee  and 
St.  I'aul  Hajlroad.  He  is  a  member  of  the  State 
)(e<lical  Association,  and  is  profe.ssor  of  surgery 
in  the  medical  ile|>arltnenl  of  Hamline  I'niversi- 
ly.  He  was  manied  in  isyti,  to  Jte.ssie  Turner, 
daughter  of  Ihe  late  Dr.  Turner,  of  the  United 
Stiiles  army. 

W.  Jlroll  was  born  in  lM<i.  at  JJavaria.  He 
came  to  America  in  IWih  and  to  .Minne- 
a|Mil:»  in  \HT.\.  and  has  since  been  engagi-d  in 
the  nianiifacture  of  bani-ls.  tubs,  hogsheaiis, 
kegs.  etc.  He  was  inai  rieil  in  1K7M.  Kesidence 
NlJN  Main  stn-et  nortli-easl. 

K.  W.  Dyer  was  Ixmi  at  .\ddi.son.  Washington 
coinily.  .Maine,  in  ls;((l.  He  engaged  in  farming 
and  iHiat  biiililing,  and  in  Ikc)  canuv  to  Corcoran. 
Hennepin  county,  Minnesot^i.  then  went  to  Pike's  ' 
Pi-ak  for  two  years  and  relurned  to  Cnp'oran  in 
Ih-Mt.  Ill  IHiiL-  he  remi.ve<l  to  Uoikford.  Wright 
connly,  anri  for  two  years  wits  a  i-arriage  maker, 


then  worked  a  farm  until  coming  to  Minneapolis 
in  1875,  and  has  since  been  proprietor  of  the  Wil- 
ber  House.  November,  1879,  he  took  the  Clark 
House  and  ran  it  one  year,  then  returned  to  the 
Wilber  House.  He  married  Annie  Astroiie,  of 
Canada,  in  1S6.3.  Their  children  are.  Abliic  F. 
and  Harris  H. 


CII.VPTET!    LXXVTir. 

BI()(;KAl'nu,AL,   Ji,    F    .VXD   G. 

E.  W.  Eddy,  a  native  of  IJriniswick.  Xew  York, 
was  born  June  2Sth,  1826.  He  went  to  Albany 
and  remained  two  years,  then  removed  to  St.  Paul 
and  remained  in  the  livery  business  there  until 
18(51,  when  he  came  here  and  in  1864  sold  out; 
then  he  jiassed  lliree  years  linnbering,  and  in  18(57 
relurned  to  the  livery  business.  He  built  the 
stable  he  now  occujiies  in  1878;  it  is  located  on 
Third  street  Ix'twecn  Nicollet  and  First  Avenue 
south.  Mr.  Kdily  married  .lulia  (irolT  in  184!); 
she  died  in  iMiii,  leaving  two  cliildicn.  Mclford 
and  Carrie:  he  was  nianicd  llic  sccund  time  in 
1872,  to  AnnaAValch. 

A.  H.  Edsten,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born  in 
1837..  He  emigrated  to  America  in  18(54,  and  lo- 
cated at  Chicago,  where  he  was  first  engaged  as 
cabinet-maker,  and  afterward  was  enii)loycd  on 
the  wood-work  in  car-shops;  he  remained  there 
about  two  and  one-half  years,  and  came  to  Min- 
neaiKilis  May  •")th.  l.si>7.  He  workecl  in  car-shops 
until  he  established  himself  in  the  furniture  bus- 
iness in  1871. 

P.  F.  Eichelzer  was  born  near  Heidelberg.  Ger- 
many. October  7th.  18.")().  When  two  veal's  of  age 
he  came  with  his  parents  to  America  aii^J  settled 
in  New  Orleans:  removed  to  La  Fayette.  Imliaiia. 
in  18.').'),  and  in  1H72  became  to  this  city,  ami  en- 
tered his  present  business  as  hatter  and  furrier, 
with  J.  S.  Sneildy  for  partner.  Mr.  Kichel/.er 
had  nine  yearn  experience  in  this  business  w  bile  at 
La  Fayette.  He  married  Louise  H.  (iregory, 
September  I  si,  1874.  They  have  one  child,  Hat- 
lie  (i. 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


543 


Wyman  Eliott  was  bom  in  Penobscot  count>% 
Maine,  ^lay  19th,  1834.  He  came  to  Jlinneapo- 
lis  in  1854,  and  iias  been  closely  identified  with 
the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  city;  he  has  had 
the  advantage  of  witnessing  its  advancement 
in  every  direction,  and  has  thus  become  well  ac- 
quainted with  its  history  and  early  settlers.  He 
passed  his  first  year  in  Minnesota  on  a  claim  near 
Monticello;  he  is  one  of  the  pioneer  farmers  and 
market-gardeners  of  this  county.  He  has  a 
pleasant  home  at  the  corner  of  Tenth  street  and 
Xinth  Avenue  south.  Mr.  Eliott  was  married 
November  25th.  1868,  to  Maiy  Ella  Chase,  of 
this  city.  They  have  two  children,  Sarah  and 
Jenella. 

Charles  J.  Elliot,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
December  2oth,  184S.  lie  came  to  this  city  in 
the  summer  of  1871  and  worked  at  his  trade  of 
miller  until  1872,  wlien  he  commenced  in  busi- 
ness and  continues  very  successfully,  as  dealer  in 
fruits,  confectionery,  oysters,  ice  cream,  etc.,  at 
727  Washington  Avenue  south.  Mr.  Elliot  mar- 
ried in  1875,  Dora  Tool  of  Minneapolis. 

D.  Elliot  was  bom  December,  1828,  in  Penob- 
scot county,  Mame.  In  1852  he  went  to  Califor- 
nia and  was  interested  in  mining  until  the  winter 
of  18.54,  wlien  he  returned  to  Maine,  and  the  fol- 
lowing spring  came  here  and  pre-empted  a  farm 
of  160  acres  where  his  present  residence  is,  1415 
SLxth  Avenue  south  ;  for  five  or  six  years  he  was 
engaged  in  gardening.  In  ^lay,  1862  he  went  to 
Montana  but  returned  in  1864  and  for  a  time  car- 
ried on  a  grocery;  business.  Mr.  Elliot's  wife  was 
Marietta  Smyth,  of  Maine.  They  have  one  child, 
Etta. 

B.  K.  Ellis,  bora  Octdbcr  IDtli,  ls:i5,  at  Xan- 
tucket,  Massachusetts.  In  early  life  he  went  to 
northern  New  York,  and  at  the  ago  of  seventeen 
commenced  to  leani  carpentering.  In  1862  he  re- 
moved to  Iowa  and  remained  six  years,  then  re- 
tmiied  to  New  York.  After  a  residence  of  four 
years  there  and  one  year  in  Canada  lie  went  to 
Cedar  Kapids,  Iowa.  In  the  spring  of  1874  he 
came  to  Mimieapolis  and  has  since  been  eijgaged 
in  business  here;  the  firm  at  present  is  Ellis  and 
Iluff,  carpenters,  builders  and  jobbers.  3(15  Second 
Avenue  south.  Mr.  Ellis  was  married  October 
liilh,  1854,  to  Miss  Spears,  who  died  in  1862, leav- 
ing two  children ;  his  second  \vif(-  was  Mary 
Mead,  who  has  borne  him  two  daughters. 


James  T.  Elwell  was  bom  July  2d,  1855,  at  St. 
Anthony,  ^Minnesota.  He  moved  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Granite  City  and  thence  to  St.  Cloud, 
where  he  remained  luitil  1864,  then  removed  to 
Cottage  Grove;  In  1874  he  came  here  and  estab- 
lished the  business  of  manufacturing  spring  beds. 
JNIr.  Elwell  is  a  young  man  of  energy  and  perse- 
verance, and  is  meeting  with  deserved  success;  a 
description  of  his  business  will  be  found  in  this 
work  among  the  manufactures  of  the  city. 

Seth  Emerson  was  born  at  Deer  Isle,  Maine, 
in  1834.  Twenty-three  years  of  his  life  were 
passed  on  the  sea;  he  commenced  before  the  mast 
and  worked  his  way  up  to  Captain.  In  1870,  he 
came  to  Minnesota  and  located  at  Wells,  re- 
mained only  two  years,  then  came  to  Minneapolis 
and  engaged  in  carpenter  work.  He  is  now  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Galiiin  and  Emerson, 
carpenters,  builders  and  jobbers;  they  employ 
eighteen  men,  and  their  principal  business  has 
been  building  residences.  Mr.  Emerson  was  mar- 
ried in  1864  to  Miss  Whitney.  Their  residence  is 
923  Twenty-first  Avenue  south.  They  have  had 
five  children,  only  two  of  whom  are  living. 

George  W.  Emery,  M.  D.  was  born  at  Toronto, 
Canada,  May  21st,  1841.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  schools  of  that  city;  Knox  college 
and  Model  school.  He  studied  medicine  at  the 
University  of  Tronto,  at  Bellevue  hospital  medi- 
cal college,  and  in  1865,  graduated  from  the 
Berkshire  medical  college  of  Pittsfield,  ^Massachu- 
setts. He  practiced  in  Illinois  eight  years,  and 
four  years  in  Wisconsin.  In  May,  1877,  he  came  to 
Mimieapolis  and  has  since  followed  his  profession 
here.  He  is  physician  to  the  Bethany  Home,  and 
is  medical  examiner  for  the  New  Kngland  Mu- 
tual, New  York  Life  and  Hartford  Continental 
Insurance  comiianies.  Dr.  Emery  was  married 
in  1861  to  Miss  Hall,  of  Philadelphia,  who  died 
in  1862;  in  1864,  he  married  Matilda  Fairfield,  of 
Toronto,  Canada.  They  have  one  child.  Bertha. 
Dr.  Emery  is  a  member  of  the  Peoria  county, 
Illinois,  medical  society,  and  of  the  Miiuiesota 
state  medical  society. 

N.  H.  Emmans,  a  native  of  Sussex  county. 
New  Jersey,  was  born  January  litth,  1854.  He 
gr(!W  to  manhood  witli  his  i)arents  on  a  farm  and 
attendeil  tlie  public  scliools  at  home,  also  Starkey 
Seminary,  at  Hdilytown,  New  Vork.  He  came 
to  this  city  in  1875,  and  two  years  later  entered 


544 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


the  Boston  one  price  clothing  store,  where  by  en- 
enry  and  strict  attention  to  bnsiness.  he  has  gained 
the  entire  contidencf  of  his  employers,  and  now 
has  charge  of  the  merchant  tailoring  department. 

August  Ende  was  horn  in  Germany,  in  1829, 
and  emigrated  to  America  in  1847.  He  lived  at 
Baltimore.  Maryland,  llie  lirst  year  then  removed 
to  St.  Louis.  Missouri;  thence  to  Freeiiort.  Illi- 
nois, where  for  two  years  he  was  in  tlie  hotel 
business.  In  1855,  he  came  to  St.  Anthony  and 
continued  the  same  business  until  ]8(i3:  he  then 
moved  to  this  side  of  the  river,  bought  and  en- 
larged the  Farmer's  hotel,  and  has  since  kept  the 
house.  lie  married  Miss  Amelia  Hey,  at  St. 
I^ouis  in  ISo.S.  They  have  nine  children,  Louisa, 
Edward.  Bertha.  Charles,  Adolpli,  Amelia,  Emma 
Anna  and  Jidius. 

C.  ().  Englested  was  bom  in  Xorway.  in  1S51. 
In  18(iS  he  came  to  the  Tnited  States,  and  passed 
two  years  in  farming,  at  Kushford.  Minnesota; 
he  came  here  in  1872.  and  for  four  years  worked 
about  the  lumber  mills:  in  187*!  he  started  in  the 
sahxm  business  at  117,  Wa.shinglon  Avenue 
south,  and  in  April.  18K(I,  moved  to  Xo.  12in. 
He  was  married  in  1878,  to  Laura  Egstrom.  wlio 
liiLs  borne  him  one  child:  Harry  J. 

Henn-  Enger.  a  native  of  Xorway,  w;is  born 
February  li»th.  1847.  He  emigrated  to  America 
in  180it.  and  located  in  Wisconsin,  where  for 
tliree  years  he  w;is  in  the  sjiloon  bu.siness;  in 
187.1  he  canie  to  .Minneapolis,  passed  eighteen 
months  in  a  hotel,  and  three  years  in  the  Xorth 
Star  l>aundry.  Since  that  time  he  lias  been  in 
the  restaurant  business.  He  married  Miss  Lena 
Olsen  in  187n.     Tliey  have  one  child:  Mary. 

Sanniel  Erb  w;us  bom  in  Canada,  Jainiary  2Glh, 
18.")2.  He  ranu'  to  Minneapolis  in  187(1.  anil  the 
year  following  went  to  work  at  the  (ioodnow 
and  Ilawly  lumber  mill,  where  he  had  charge  of 
the  si'aling  department  two  years:  since  l87;^  he 
has  had  the  niana^zcmcht  (if  the  mill.  Mr.  Erb's 
wife  was  Catherliu'  Hoben;  they  were  married 
.Tune  ;»ilh.  1874.  and  reside  at  112  Fointh  Ave- 
nue north.  Their  rliililreii  are  Mary,  who  died 
at  the  age  of  one  and  one-half  \ears.  \ViIli;nn 
and  S;unnel. 

T.  J.  Esseiie  was  Ikihi  in  Sweden.  Februai^ 
2<lth,  I8.',.i.  Hi-  lame  1-.  America  in  18li;i.  suid 
livH  in  Chiciigo  until  IKini,  when  he  removed  to 
thiH  city;  he  wa»  employed  by  Thompson  and 


AViggin  until  1870,  when  he  went  into  the  meat 
business,  and  since  1877  has  kept  a  market  in 
partnership  with  Mr.  Hopper.  Mr.  Essene's 
wife  was  Annie  Merseii.  of  Milwaukee,  Wiscon- 
sin; she  has  borne  him  two  children,  only  one  is 
living,  a  girl  bom  in  1880. 

J.  M.  Eustis  was  born  in  Oxford  county,  Maine. 
I)ecend)er  lotli.  1S27.  In  ls.')7  he  removed  to 
MiiuieaiKilis.  and  willi  liis  own  hands  cleared 
away  the  hazel  lirusli  and  threw  up  the  first  dirt 
for  the  Xicollet  House,  which  was  completed, 
furnislied  and  opened  May  1858;  during  the  hard 
times  of  1857,  he  was  advised  by  some  of  the 
leading  men  here,  to  abandon  the  enterprise, 
but  with  his  \A\wk  and  perseverence  he  carried  it 
tlnough  to  successful  completion,  and  then  dis- 
posed of  his  interest  to  Gilson  Brothere.  At  the 
commencement  of  the  rebellion  he  made  a  con- 
tract with  the  (iovernment  to  feed  all  tlie  Mmne- 
sota  soldiers  for  thirty-seven  cents  each  per  day; 
he  also  su|iplied  the  army  under  General  Sibley, 
during  the  war  uimn  the  frontier,  after  the  In- 
dian massacre.  At  tlic  same  time  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  lumber  business  with  W.  E.  Jones 
and  Ccinipany,  for  about  five  years,  then  built  a 
block  (in  HeniK'iiin  .Vveinie.  He.  in  company 
with  others,  selected  the  site  for  a  fair  ground, 
laid  out  a  track,  erected  buildings  and  put  every- 
thing in  good  order  for  the  purpose.  Mr.  Eustis 
has  been  a  contractor  on  flic  Xortliern  Pacific 
railroad;  ami  was  in  Uii'  riii|ilciy  of  tlic  St.  Louis 
railroad  idnijiaiiy  for  .several  years,  until  in  the 
fall  of  isso,  lu'  was  elected  sheritT  of  Hennepin 
county  for  two  years. 

O.  J.  Evans,  .M.  I).,  was  bom  in  Oneida  county. 
New  York,  February  5th,  184(1.  He  was  educat- 
ed at  the  academy  of  Home,  in  liis  native  slate, 
and  studied  niedicini'  witli  l)r.  ,\rmsby,  professor 
of  anatomy  at  tlic  .\llinii\  .Medical  College;  also 
with  Dr.  \'irgil.  of  Koine.  Xcw  York.  After 
completing     the     regular    courses     of    lectmes 

I   at     tlie     .\lliaiiy     Cullcgc.     he     grailiialcil     Ironi 

1  that  institution  in  ls(i2,  receiving  the  degree  of 
M.  I).  Dr.  Evans  was  comissioned  as  a.ssistant 
surgeon  of  the  Fortieth  XewYork  Infantry,  in 
18(12.  and   in   18(14  was  promoted  to  linst  surgeon, 

I  He  was  also  medical  director  of  the  department 
of  Karmville.  \'irginia.  and  was  placed  on  the 
o]ieraliiig  board  of  surgeons,  holding  both  posi- 

'  lions  until  the  close  of  the  war.     He  was  mus- 


liKXiBAFHICAL. 


545 


tered  out  of  service  in  July,  1865,  came  to  ttiis 
citj',  and  lias  since  practiced  medicine  here,  liis 
ofHce  being  at  22  Hennepin  Avenue.  He  is  pres- 
ident of  the  Ilennephi  County  Iiledieal  Associa- 
tion, a  member  of  the  State  Medical  Society,  and 
president  of  the  Minneapolis  Board  of  Health, 
this  being  Iiis  second  term.  He  also  served  one 
term  in  tiie  City  Council.  Dr.  Evans  was  married 
in  1860,  to  Elizabetli  Dodge,  who  died  in  January, 
1879.  She  was  a  daughter  of  Colonel  John 
Dodge,  of  Pruiceton,  Illinois. 

John  K.  Everard,  a  native  of  Liverpool,  Eng- 
land, was  born  in  .Iinie,  1828.  While  there  he 
learned  the  tailor's  trade.  In  July,  1878,  he  came 
to  Minneapolis,  and  locatuig  at  213  Hemiepin 
Avenue,  established  a  merchant  tailoring  busi- 
ness, in  which  he  mvested  a  capital  of  seven 
thousand  dollars.  He  employs  fourteen  men  in 
his  manufacturing  department,  which  is  still  lo- 
cated at  21.3  Hennepin  Avenue,  but  in  Xovember, 
1878,  he  removed  his  place  of  business  to  10 
Washington  Avenue  south. 

Albert  E.  Farrington  was  born  at  Conway, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1816.  He  came  to  Minne- 
sota, 1855,  and  located  at  Maple  Grove,  where  he 
engaged  in  farming  nine  years.  He  exchanged 
his  farm  for  one  in  Has.san,  Minnesota,  and  re- 
moved there  at  once,  where  he  hved  until  1874, 
when  he  came  to  Minneapolis.  Since,  he  has 
been  dealing  in  real  estate,  also  buying  and  sell- 
ing horses.  Mr.  Farrington  is  now  proprietor  of 
the  Fourth  Avenue  hotel.  '  His  sons  are  engaged 
in  a  liver>'  and  sale  stable. 

G.  F.  Farrington  came  from  Boston,  in  l.S7il, 
where  he  had  been  engaged  in  the  mercliant  tai- 
loring business  for  some  time  previous.  He  lo- 
cated at  219  Hennepin  Avenue,  in  April  of  tlie 
same  year.  Here  he  remained  until  JIarcli.  18S0, 
when  he  leased  his  present  location,  a  stcne  room 
with  manufacturing  establishment  on  third  lloor, 
at  239  Xicollet  Avenue.  Mr.  Fan'iiigton.  though 
comparatively  young,  is  a  very  enterprising  and 
successful  business  man. 

N.  D.  Federspil  (one  of  the  earliest  settlers) 

was  boni    in    France,   1824.    He  came  to  the 

United  States  in  18.")3,  and  settled  fir.st  at  Port 

AVashington,  Wisconsin.     In  1854  he  came  to  St. 

Anthony  and    followed  the  blacksmith's  trade 

there  until  1856,  when   he   removed   to   the  west 

side  of  the  river,  and  is  now  one  of  the  oldest 
35 


blacksmiths  in  the  business  iii  Minneapolis.  Mr. 
Federspil  was  nianiecl  in  1.S47,  to  Margaret 
Weber,  of  Luxembourg.  They  have  seven  chil- 
dren living:  Catherine,  Jean  P.,  John,  Mary,  Jo- 
sephine, Annie  and  Nicholas. 

Robert  Feek  is  a  native  of  England,  boni  Jaji- 
uary  8th,  1834.  He  went  to  Ogdensburg,  New 
York,  in  18.56,  where  he  remained  seven  years; 
thence  to  Ontario,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the 
hotel  business  several  years.  He  established  a 
restaurant  in  Minneapolis  in  1879,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  Mr.  Feek  married  Miss  Sophia 
Dove,  in  1855,  who  bore  him  one  son,  Robert  G. 
J.  C.  Fetch  was  born  in  Grafton  county.  New 
Hampshire,  May  10th,  1842.  At  the  age.  of 
eighteen  he  learned  telegraphy,  and  continued  in 
that  business  eight  years.  In  the  spring  of  1869, 
he  was  elected  to  the  house  of  representatives  of 
New  Hampshire,  for  one  year.  He  came  U)  Min- 
neapohs  m  the  fall  of  the  same  year ;  the  sprhig 
following  removed  to  Fort  Abercrombie,  Dakota; 
wliere  he  was  postmaster  three  years.  He  then 
returned  to  this  city,  and  in  1875  he  engaged  with 
the  Pettit  mill,  and  has  remained  with  them  since. 
Mr.  Fetch  married  Miss  Annie  Frott,  October, 
1876.    They  have  one  child,  Gertie  M. 

Frank  B.  Felt,  of  the  firm  of  H.  G.  Harrison 
&  Co.,  started  in  the  grocery  business,  in  Minne- 
apolis, in  1868,  in  the  employ  of  B.  S.  Bull  and 
Company.  He  remained  with  them  three  years,  and 
was  afterwards  with  Newell  and  Harrison,  eiglit 
years.  He  entered  the  linn  now  known  as  II.  (}. 
Harrison  &  Co.,  June  loth,  1880.  This  firmoccu- 
liies  the  front  rank  of  grocery  houses  in  the 
north-west. 

W.  J.  Fender,  of  the  firm  of  Fender  and  Cuth- 
bertson,  was  born  at  Kingston,  Ontario,  Septem- 
l)er  Ittli,  1839.  He  came  to  Mhineapolis  in  1867, 
where  he  worked  seven  years  at  pattern  making. 
In  1874  he  entered  into  partnership  with  J.  Cuth- 
bertson  and  built  the  I/i  Croix  or  French  puri- 
fiers. Mr.  Fender  is  the  hiventor  of  the  "Stand- 
ard Purifiers,"  about  three  hundred  of  which  are 
in  use  in  this  city.  This  purifier  is  in  use  in  all 
parts  of  tlie  world  where  (lour  is  made.  It  was 
invented  in  1874,  and  since  then  several  improve- 
ments have  been  made.  Mr.  Fender  is  also  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Gunn,  Cross  and  Co.,  whose 
establishment  contains  all  kinds  of  general  mill 
supplies. 


540 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


John  Ferguson  is  a  native  of  Scotland  and  was 
Iwrn  in  1849.  He  came  to  the  United  States  at  the 
ape  of  ten.  and  learned  the  trade  Of  mill-wriglit.  at 
]'hila<lel|iliia,  Pennsylvania.  In  IMil  he  enlisted 
in  coinpany  "I."  First  regiment  United  States 
Artillery  ;  he  \va.s  in  service  until  August,  1805, 
and  participated  in  all  engagements  of  the  com- 
pany. On  his  return  he  removed  to  Hamsburg, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  remained  two  years,  com- 
ing to  Minneapolis  in  1867.  lie  engaged  in  car- 
pentering six  years  and  has  since  been  in  the 
mill-wrlght  business,  thmugliout  the  northwest; 
he  has  been  in  the  Crown  KoUer  mill  since  ^'o- 
vember,  Ih'st.  Mr.  Ferguson  was  married  June 
21st.  1871,  to  Miss  Isabella  Savage  ;  they  are  pa- 
rents of  two  chilciren.  Isabella  and  John. 

Kmil  M.  Ferrant,  sun  of  one  of  the  earliest  set- 
tlers, Martin  Ferrant,  was  born  in  St.  Anthony, 
September  7lh,  1854.  Here  he  received  his  early 
education,  until  187:i.  wlien  he  went  to  Europe  to 
complete  his  studies.  lie  returned  in  1878,  locat- 
ing in  Minneapolis,  where  he  still  resides  and  is 
engaged  with  the  well  known  firm  of  Smith  and 
Scribner. 

Charles  Ferrier,  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  born 
December  8th,  18.52.  His  cliildhood  was  passed 
on  a  farm,  but  at  the  age  of  fourteen  he  learned 
the  trade  of  blacksmilliing,  in  which  business  he 
continued  until  1872,  when  he  emigrated  tf) 
America.  He  located  at  Winona,  Minnesota, 
where  he  was  in  the  employ  <if  the  \\iiioiia  and 
St.  I'eter  railroad  two  years;  he  then  removed 
to  Wells,  Minnesota,  where  he  was  engaged  with 
the  Southern  Miiniesotii  railroad  six  months; 
thence  to  Nebraska  and  to  Ma.son  City,  Iowa, 
where  he  o|iened  a  shop  and  worked  at  his 
trade  until  coming  to  this  city  in  the  spring  of 
1870.  Mr.  Ferrier  was  married  to  Miss  Lydia 
UiiKl.  in  1870,  who  bore  him  one  daughter,  Flos- 
sie 1'". 

A.  11.  Fe.sNJer  was  lK)rn  in  Iterksconnty,  Penn- 
sylvania, in  I84it.     At  the  age  of  twelve  he  com- 
menced to  learn  milling,  and  has  been  since  the 
completion  of  his  trade  engaged  indifferent  mills 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  coasts.    He  came 
U>    .Minneapolis   hi    IH72,   where    he     remained   , 
two  years. anil  after  visiting  various  towns  in  the   ' 
»t«l<.',  spent  two   years   in   California,    returned   ; 
in  187H,  and  at  once  engaged  with  Wa.shburn  and 
Comiuiny.     He  is  now  hea<l  miller  of  the    Wash-   I 


burn  "B."  Mr.  Fessler  married  Miss  Kate  Less- 
man,  July.  1878.  They  are  parents  of  one  child, 
Gertrude. 

J.  W.  Field  was  Ikhii  .Ma\  2d.  1853,  in  Dexter, 
JelTerson  coinily,  New  York.  He  engaged  in 
the  boot  and  shoe  business  at  Utica,  New  York, 
a  number  of  years,  when  he  decided  to  come 
West.  He  removed  from  tliat  city  to  Minneap- 
olis in  1870,  where  he  at  once  opened  an  estiib- 
lislniient  in  thesame  lineof  business.  He  makes 
a  siiecially  of  IJnrt's  men's  shoes.  Mr.  Field 
was  married  in  1870,  to  Ella  J.  Wager,  of  Oneida, 
iladison  county,  New  York. 

W'.  A.  Fisher  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1847.  In 
1860  he  came  to  Mimieapolis  and  was  engaged  in 
farming  lliree  years,  after  wliich  he  enlisted  in  the 
Eleventh  Minnesotii  regiment.  He  remained  in 
service  one  year,  when  he  returned  to  this  city 
and  attended  school.  In  company  with  C.  II. 
Cole  and  E.  H.  Chittenden,  (1870)  he  built  the 
steamer  -iMoiiticello""  and  ran  tlie  same  between 
this  city  an  St.  Cloud  fortliree  years.  Mr.  Fisher 
engaged  in  the  restaurant  business,  in  the  "Mar- 
ket Kestaurant,"  in  187ii,  furnishing  that  year 
fifty-live  thousand  seven  hundred  meals.  In  1867 
he  married  Miss  Mary  Smith.  Their  children 
are:  Allierty,  Ernest,  Li/zie  and  Minnie. 

Thomas  Fitch,  attorney  at  law,  was  born  in 
New  Y'ork,  1838.  He  moved  to  San  Francisco, 
California,  where  he  read  law  with  J lidge  Shaffer, 
and  was  admitteil  to  the  bar  in  1S(>4.  The  same 
year,  in  Nevada,  he  opened  his  first  otSce,  and 
practiced  his  profession  until  the  expiration  of  his 
term  in  congress,  in  1H7I,  when  he  was  eni|)loyed 
by  jiartics  in  New  York  to  attend  to  some  raining 
litigation  in  Salt  Lake,  after  whicli  he  was  en- 
gaged by  Brigham  Young  as  attorney  and  coinisel. 
Duiiiig  his  stay  he  was  elccteil  as  senator  from  a 
pniposeil  state,  with  a  ('onstiliilioM  iirovidiiig  for 
llie  surremler  of  iiiilyganiv.  The  sulijei'l,  how- 
ever, did  not  receive  the  attention  of  congn'ss. 
Mr.  Fitch  spent  two  years  in  traveling  through 
EuroiM',  the  South,  and  California,  after  which  he 
remained  four  years  in  Arizona,  engaged  in  prac- 
ticing his  profession.  In  1880  he  removed  to 
.Minneapolis,  and  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr. 
Morrison,  known  as  tlie  lirm  of  Morrison  and 
Fitch,  lie  was  married  in  San  Francisco  in  1803, 
to  Mrs.  Annie  .M.  Sliultz. 

llev.    Herman    Fleer,    pastor    of     St.    John's 


BIOOJRAl'HICAL. 


547 


Church,  was  born  at  Westfalen,  (iermaiiy,  ]May 
20th,  1852.  Came  to  xVmerica  the  same  year,  and 
settled  in  Gasconada  county,  Missouri.  Spent 
liis  boyhood  on  his  fatlier's  farm,  until  .January, 
1871,  when  he  went  to  Elnihurst,  Illinois,  and  en- 
tered the  Evangelical  Protestant  Seminary.  Re- 
mained there  four  years,  received  a  certificate  en- 
titling him  to  admission  into  the  theological  sem- 
inary at  Marthasville,  ^Missouri,  entered,  and 
graduated  June  21st,  1878.  Was  ordained  in  St. 
Louis  on  the  same  day,  and  appointed  to  this 
charge.  Also  has  charge  at  O.sseo,  Champlin, 
and  Medicine  Lake,  which  places  he  visits  once  in 
three  weeks. 

Samuel  Foreman  was  born  in  Baltimore,  in 
1840.  In  early  life  he  moved  to  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, thence  to  Indiana;  he  lived  in  several  cities 
in  that  state,  and  in  1874,  removed  to  Minneapo- 
lis. Mr.  Foreman  learned  his  trade,  tliat  of  a 
blacksmith  at  the  age  of  fifteen  and  has  been  en- 
gaged in  the  same  since.  He  was  married  in 
April,  1877  to  Miss  Irena  McKey,  who  bore  him 
one  daugliter,  Lillie,  who  died  in  1880. 

John  Forler  is  a  native  of  Canada,  and  was 
bom  February  22d,  1840.  He  lived  on  a  farm 
until  nineteen  years  of  age  when  he  learned  the 
tanner's  trade.  In  18G3.  he  came  to  Minneapolis, 
and  in  company  with  Mr.  Harvey,  engaged  in 
photography ;  he  sold  to  his  partner  after  an  ex- 
perience of  fourteen  months.  He  removed  to  his 
present  location  in  1876,  where  he  has  a  large 
stock  of  new  and  second  hand  furniture.  Mr. 
Forler  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Stokes  in  1874. 
They  have  lliree  children. 

W.  Forsyth  was  born  at  Kingston,  Ciiiiada,  in 
1842.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  learned  wagon- 
making;  serving  an  apprenticeship  of  six  years, 
and  has  since  been  continually  in  the  business. 
In  1864,  he  went  to  Toronto,  Canada,  and  the 
next  year  removed  to  Titusville,  Pennsylvania. 
In  April,  1872,  he  removed  to  St.  Paul;  thence  to 
Minneapolis  in  September  of  the  same  year.  He 
worked  for  various  jjartiesin  wagon-making  until 
1879,  when  the  firm  of  Driscoll  and  Forsyth  was 
formed,  and  lias  since  contimied.  He  was  married 
in  181)4  to  Mi.ss  Klizabeth  H.  Scott.  They  have 
one  son  and  three  daugliters. 

C.  J.  Fortier  was  bom  in  Lower  Canada,  July 
26th,  1843.  He  moved  to  Maine  in  1851,  where 
he  remained  eleven  years,  at  that  time  going  to 


California,  remaining  five  years.  In  1869,  l»e 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  m  lumbering 
two  years,  in  the  grocery  business  two  and  one-half 
years,  then  opened  the  meat  market  in  which 
he  still  continues  his  busuiess.  His  partners  are 
Charles  Coplin  and  Wyman  Costigan.  Mr.  For- 
tier's  family  consists  of  his  wife  and  live  chil- 
dren. 

A.  D.  Ft)ster,  one  of  the  oldest  pioneers,  was 
born  near  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  August  22d,. 
1801.  He  lived  on  a  farm  until  eighteen  years  of 
age,  when  he  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  tanner 
and  currier  trade.  After  engaging  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  in  Pittsburg,  also  in  Washington 
county,  of  that  state,  he  sold  his  interests  and 
removed  to  St.  Louis,  Missouri.  In  1848,  he,  be- 
ing in  frail  health,  came  to  St.  Anthony,  with 
the  hope  of  being  benefited.  He  came  from  Chi- 
cago with  a  team,  and  for  a  time,  engaged  in 
teaming,  drawing  logs  fourteen  miles,  from  Coon 
Creek,  to  be  converted  into  lumber  with  which  to 
build  the  steamer  "  Gov.  Ramsey.".  He  lived 
one  winter  in  a  shanty  sixteen  feet  square,  for 
which  he  paid  nine  dollars  per  month.  In  1850, 
he  erected  a  store  building,  and  was  successful  in 
bu.siness  until  1856,  when  he  was  burned  out. 
Since  then  he  has  lived  almost  a  retired  life,  de- 
voting a  portion  of  his  time  to  fruit  culture.  Al- 
though seventy-nine  years  of  age,  Mr.  Foster  is 
an  active  man  and  still  reads  without  the  use  of 
glasses.  He  was  married  in  Washington  county, 
Pennsylvania,  September  9th,  1824,  to  Miss  Mar- 
tha Ramsey.  They  have  three  children:  Josiah, 
who  resides  in  Indianapolis;  Martha,  who  resides 
in  Racine,  Wisconsin;  and  Lysauder,  who  is  a 
physician,  in  this  city. 

Andrew  J.  Foster,  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of 
this  region,  was  born  in  Cooper,  Washington 
county.  Maine,  June  8th,  1827.  He  moved  to  St. 
Anthony,  in  1849,  and  in  the  spring  of  1850  en- 
gaged in  lumbering,  in  which  he  continued  two 
years.  He  tlieu  pre-empted  eighty  acres  of  land 
on  what  is  now  known  as  Franklin  Avenue.  In 
1857,  Mr.  Foster  retired  from  the  lumbering  busi- 
ness and  coininenced  gardening  on  his  claim, 
wliicli  he  continued  to  do  for  seventeen  years. 
He  next  engaged  in  a  general  real  estate  business, 
building  and  selling  houses,  etc.  In  tne  spring 
of  1880  he  opened  a  grocery  store  in  connection 
with  his  other  enterprises.    Mr.  Foster  lirst  mar- 


548 


nisTonr  of  hennepin  county. 


ried  Miiss  Abigail  Gett-bell.  of  Washiuglon  coun- 
ty, Maine,  who  died  in  lSo2.  lie  remained  a 
widower  one  >ear.  wlieii  lie  married  ilrs.  Mary 
Averill.  of  Slillwater.  the  ceremotiv  beitijj;  i>er- 
formed  by  Justice  Iledderly.  first  justice  of  St. 
Anthony.  Their  (hildren  are:  Ada,  William. 
Owen  and  Elmer. 

Stei)hen  Fox  wa.s  born  at  Ibiffalo.  New  York. 
1843.  He  engaged  in  farming  ten  years,  when 
he  entered  the  army  as  mechanic  in  the  tjuarter- 
ma.ster"s  department.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
he  returned  to  Krie  comity,  Xew  York,  and  en- 
gaged in  milling;  he  was  also  employed  in  sev- 
eral states  a-s  a  mechanic.  In  1878.  he  removed 
to  Miiniea|K)lis.  where  he  has  since  resided.  Mr. 
Fox  was  married  I)eceml)er  1st,  1878.  to  Mi.ss 
Mary  Kuddock. 

Sanniel  Franklin  was  born  in  Ibitler  county. 
Ohio.  November  2mli  IMK.  At  the  age  of  six- 
teen he  learned  tailoring  and  engaged  in  his  pro- 
fession, in  different  parts  of  his  native  state  and 
of  Indiana,  until  \K'yl.  when  he  came  to  St. 
I'aul,  Minnesota:  where  he  remained  until  the 
spring  following,  when  he  removed  to  Minneap- 
olis, lie  engaged  in  teaming  seven  years. 
and  in  lh7:i.  again  established  himself  in  tailor- 
ing. Mr.  Franklin  was  married  to  Miss  Mary 
IIals<<y.  in  184»i.  Their  children  living  are:  Wil- 
liam H.,  Martha.).,  Mary  L.,  Samuel,  Jr.,  and 
Fannie  W. 

S.  J.  Fmnklin.  son  of  Sanuiel  Franklin,  was 
lK>rn  at  Minnea|>olis.  August  21,  185(S.  He  a<;- 
cjnired  a  knoNsledge  of  the  carpenter's  trade  and 
in  ls7ii  w:i.s  employed  by  the  Manitoba  railway 
comiNiny.  in  whose  empUiy  he  remained  three 
years,  anil  has  since  been  with  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee and  Saini  I'aul  railroad  company. 

William  15.  l-"raiikliii,  sou  of  Sannud  Franklin. 
was  born  at  Middleton,  Ohio,  in  1842.  He  came 
with  his  pan-nts,  to  Minneapolis,  in  1853.  He  en- 
listed in  the  Sixth  Minnesota  volunteers  and 
nerved  until  his  <lis<'harge  in  IMi.").  Three  years 
later  he  wjis  employed  by  the  Minnesotu  Stage 
('iim|iany.  where  he  continued  ius  driver  till  1873. 
He  made  a  claim  of  bio  acres  (  Ih78|.  at  Clontarf, 
Swift  ciiinit).  on  which  be  has  since  lived.  Mr. 
Franklin  married  Siismia  Slieran  in  Ih7'i.  Their 
cblldn-n  are.  James  and  William. 

1'.  .1.  Fniser.  was  iMirn  in  Ipper  Canada.  Odo- 
Imt  7th,  IH47.     He  came  to   He<l  Wing.  Minneso- 


ta, in  1863.  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
doors,  sash,  blinds,  etc.  He  came  to  Minneaiw- 
lis  in  1869.  The  firm  of  I'raser  and  Shepherd,  in 
1879  built  a  spacious  building,  and  now  carry  on 
the  wholesale  manufacture  of  sash,  doors,  blinds, 
mouldings,  glazed  sash,  brackets,  stair  railings, 
scroll  siiwing  etc. 

Cornelius  Fredericlis,  first  assistant  of  tire  de- 
partment, also  of  the  firm  of  (i.  T.  \'ail  and  Co., 
was  bom  in  (ierniany.  October,  isiii.  He  came 
to  America  with  his  parents,  when  four  years  of 
age,  locating  at  Detroit.  Michigan.  The  spring 
of  1858  he  removed  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged 
in  cabinet  making  with  his  brother.  In  18H1.  he 
enlisted  in  tlie  Third  Minnesota  Volmiteer  Infan- 
try, and  in  the  winter  of  1863  re-enlisted  and  was 
honorably  discharged,  August,  1865,  ^Ir.  Fred- 
erichs  returned  to  this  city  and  again  engaged  in 
the  cabinet  business  with  Mr.  XnW.  in  1858.  lie 
entered  the  lire  departinent  in  1S71,  was  elected 
foreman  of  the  Hook  and  Ladder  Ccmipany,  and 
in  1874  he  was  elected  second  assistant  chief  en- 
gineer:  in  lN76he  was  elected  lirst  assistant  chief 
engineer,  during  which  time  he  was  engaged  in 
cabinet  and  vuulertaking  business,  Mr,  Fredericlis 
was  married  to  ^liss  Mary  Lacher  in  1862,  who 
died  June  16,  1864. 

George  Frenet,,a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
November  25tli,  1842.  He  resided  in  his  native 
l)lace  until  nineteen  years  of  age.  In  18(i2  he 
\  isited  Lake  Sujierior.  where  he  was  engaged  a.s 
engineer  in  a  copjwr  muie.  Three  years  later  he 
removed  to  Minneapolis  where  he  was  employed 
by  Dean  and  Company.  lumber  merchants,  ten 
years.  In  the  sjiring  of  1878  lie  wasajjpoiiited  on 
the  police  force,  wliich  ixisition  he  has  since  held. 
His  marriage  willi  Mar\  Lclnich.  of  Michigivn, 
was  s(ilenini/.(  (1  Deceiiiber  7lli,  1865, 

Louis  K.  Fritsche  was  born  in  (Jernians.  .Inly 
l.")tli,  1.S48,  He  caiur  tn  .Vnicrica  in  ls.")l.  In 
1.S67  he  located  in  .Minneapolis,  where  he  coni- 
pleleil  his  trade,  that  of  coppersmith,  which  he 
had  begun  at  New  rim.  .Minnesota.  This  city 
has  since  been  his  home.  .Mr.  Fritscheand  Miss* 
rauline  Hader  were  uuilnl  In  marriage  Decem- 
lier27th.  ls7!i. 

<;.  W.  Flojd  was  boiM  in  Walertow  n.  New 
York.  April  28tli,  1842,  He  aoiuired  a  knowl- 
edge of  pliiitograpby  in  Ciiiciiiuati.  Ohio.  He 
eng<iged  in  his  business  several  veal's  before  com- 


BIOORArHICAL. 


549 


ingto  Minneapolis  in  1871.  Soon  after  his  arriv- 
al, he  took  charge  of  the  operating  department  of 
Mr.  Jacobv's  grallerv.  In  Aiifriist.  1S7.5,  Mr. 
Floyd  opened  an  establislinuient  for  himself,  and 
does  a  large  business.  He  was  married  to  JSIrs. 
Frank  Sweet,  of  ^Minneapolis,  in  1875. 

Ilarlow  A.  Gale  was  born  in  Worcester  county, 
Massachusetts.  When  tlu-ee  years  of  age  his  fa- 
ther died,  and  he  lived  with  an  uncle  in  Vermont, 
Rev.  Samuel  Goddard,  until  1845,  when  he  re- 
turned to  his  mother.  In  1K.52  lie  went  to  Massa- 
chusetts, and  engaged  in  teaching  and  studying 
until  1856,  when  he  graduated  from  T^niou  Col- 
lege. New  York.  The  same  year  he  came  to  this 
city,  and  engaged  in  the  real  estate  liusiness.  In 
1858  he  was  appointed  deputv  clerk  of  the  dis- 
trict court  for  Hennepin  comity,  and  in  18oi}  was 
appointed  county  auditor.  Was  subsequently 
elected  for  two  terms,  and  in  18(i5  declined  a  third 
nomination.  He  bought  out  the  insurance  agency 
of  W.  B.  Cornell,  and  with  S.  C.  Gale  organized 
the  real  estate  and  insurance  agency  of  Gale  and 
Company.  In  1872  he  bought  and  platted  (Jale's 
first  addition  to  Minneapolis,  and  in  1873  the 
second.  It  was  he  who  conceived  and  executed 
the  idea  of  the  present  city  market,  a  descrijition 
of  which  may  be  found  elsewhere.  Mr.  Gale  was 
married  in  1859,  to  Lil)bie  Griggs,  who  has  borne 
him  four  children  :  Harlow,  Robert,  Willie,  and 
Isabel. 

S.  C.  Gale  was  born  September  15th,  1827,  at 
Royalston,  Massachusetts.  Was  apprenticed  to 
learn  the  tanner's  trade  until  17  years  of  age, 
when  lie  commenced  preparation  for  college.  He 
studied  at  the  academies  of  New  Salem,  Shel- 
bume  Falls,  and  West  Brattleboro,  Vermont,  and 
filially  Yale  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1854, 
after  which  lie  attended  Harvard  law  school  one 
year  and  taught  school  two  years,  continuing  to 
read  law  in  the  meantime.  In  1857  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  After  a  year  or  two  he 
discontinued  the  practice  of  law  and  engaged  in 
real  estate  business,  which  he  still  continues  with 
success.  Mr.  Gale  has  a  pleasant  home  on  the 
comer  of  First  Avenue  south  and  Fourth  street. 
He  was  married  October  loth,  18(il,  to  Miss  Su- 
san Damon,  of  Massachusetts.  They  are  the  pa- 
rents of  five  children. 

G.  II.  Galpin,  a  native  of  Tioga  county,  New 


York,  was  born  March  27th,  1843.  He  resided 
there  until  1869,  when  he  came  to  Minneapolis; 
he  engaged  in  different  imrsiiits,  and  for  a  time 
worked  at  his  trade  of  niill-wright,  but  finally  in 
1875,  started  in  the  gi'ocery  business,  which  he 
still  conducts  at  No.  319  Wasliington  Avenue 
north. 

Morenus  (ialpiii  was  horn  in  Auburn,  New 
York,  April  23d,  1843.  In  early  life  he  moved 
with  his  parents  to  Battle  Creek,  Michigan,  where 
he  learned  the  carpenter's  trade.  In  1862,  he  en- 
listed in  Merrill's  horse,  an  independent  regiment, 
designed  for  body-guard  to  General  Fremont, 
served  until  1865  and  was  wounded  five  times. 
He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1871;  for  two  years 
was  foreman  for  Frank  Fleming,  and  was  with 
George  Libby  five  years.  The  firm  of  Galpin 
and  Emerson  was  established  April  1st,  1880. 

Thomas  (iardiiier  was  born  at  Fredericton,  New 
Brunswick,  September  12th,  1833.  He  moved  to 
St.  Anthony  in  1857,  and  remained  until  1860, 
when  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  in  the 
drng  business  with  Dr.  W.  II.  Leonard  at  the 
present  stand  of  Janney,  Brooks  and  Eastman. 
In  1868  the  firm  dissolved  by  mutual  consent, 
and  Mr.  Gardiner  went  in  business  alone,  estab- 
lishing a  homoeopathic  pharmacy,  which  despite 
the  fact  of  its  being  a  new  departure,  has  from 
the  first  grown  steadily.  Mr.  (Gardiner  married 
in  1862,  Mary  Knight,  of  Buffalo,  New  York. 
Their  children  are  Louise  and  ^Slary. 

L.  Garrity,  a  native  of  County  Mayo,  Ireland, 
was  bom  in  1841.  He  emigrated  to  America  in 
1858,  and  after  a  short  residence  in  New  Vork,  lo- 
cated in  Hudson,  Wisconsin,  wliere  he  remained 
until  1872;  then  removed  to  Minneapolis  and 
embarked  in  the  hotel  business  on  Second  Avenue 
south.  In  1877  he  went  to  his  present  location, 
No.  206  Washington  Avenue  south.  He  married 
Catharine  Hopkins  in  November,  1869.  Their 
children  are  Mary,  Kate,  James,  Edward,  Timo- 
thy and  Annie. 

C.  A.  Gau.a  native  of  (xermany,  was  born  in 
1844.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1866. 
For  three  years  he  lived  in  Carver,  Minnesota, 
and  kept  the  Railroad  House;  the  rest  of  the 
time  he  has  lieen  a  resident  of  Minneapolis,  and 
since  November,  1877,  has  been  proprietor  of  the 
Union  House,  Xo.  613  Wasliiugtou  .\veuiie 
south.    In  1872  he  married  Louise  Thorn,  who 


5d0 


IIISlVRy  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


lias  borne  liiin  tlircc  cliildn'ii:  Henry.  Amelia 
and  Ijouise. 

G.  A.  (iiblis  was  Iiorn  in  Montreal..  Canada, 
Derenilier  islli.  IS41.  In  SepU-nilwr  isr>l.  lie 
he  moved  to  I'orl  Hope.  Michigan,  and  the  same 
fall  enlisted  in  the  Tenth  Michigan  Infantry, 
and  serve<l  nntil  Aiignst.  18G.5;  lie  returned  to 
Canada  and  worked  at  carpenlerin},'  there  nntil 
1870,  when  he  came  to  this  city  and  continued  in 
his  trade  several  years.  In  1S77  he  passed  six 
months  at  Fort  Custer,  Montana,  but  returned 
in  June.  1H7s.  and  engaged  as  mill-wriglit  at  the 
Zenith  mill:  he  now  o(cni)ies  the  position  of 
head  mill-wright  at  the  Xorth-westeni  mill,  llis 
wife  was  Anna  Sweet,  of  Nova  Scotia:  they  were 
married  in  September  1.S71.  They  have  three 
children:  Marion,  Edgar  and  Howard. 

X.  II.  (iiertsen,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  bom 
January  2-)th.  1K.52.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1M)7.  and  settled  in  Minneapolis  where 
he  worked  in  various  lines  of  business  until  1S71 . 
when  he  opened  a  grocery  and  general  nicrcliaii- 
dise  store  at  'JIS  First  street  north  where  he  still 
continues  in  business.  Mr.  (iiertsen  was  mar- 
ried in  1N74  to  Mary  Clark  of  this  ((innly.  They 
have  two  children:  ,\rthurand  Mabel. 

Henry  (iiles  was  born  in  Oxlurdshire.  Kuf^'land. 
He  came  to  New  York,  July  6th,  1848,  and  re- 
mained until  September,  18-J!),  having  charge  of 
the  naturalist.  Audubon,  during  the  time  his  mind 
was  impaired.  He  then  went  to  Fldorado.  Wis- 
consin, thence  to  Fon  du  Lac  where  lie  litted  up 
the  Fon-st  street  steam  mills;  he  then  had  charge 
of  a  mill  in  Meiiasha  for  about  two  years,  and  of 
the  Law  reiice  mills  at  Appleton,  three  years.  In 
March,  1878,  lie  came  here  and  was  eiuplnMil  as 
liejul  stone-dresser  at  the  ".\"  luill  four  years 
previous  to  the  explosion,  ami  ^ini-e  .Iidy.  1878, 
has  bi-en  at  the  "C"  mill.  He  marru-d  Sarah 
(iillH-rt.  July  loth,  184iJ;  she  has  borne  him  seven 
children:  Henry.  Lucy,  AVillle,  Louisa  and  Lii- 
ella.  twins,  and  Ilattie.  (Jilbert  died  at  the  age 
of  four  years. 

J.  (iillesby  Wiis  born  in  llaniillon,  Connecticut, 
August  lentil.  IH.'iri,  He  lived  on  a  farm,  and 
from  IhivImmhI  engaged  in  bu>ing  and  selling 
M<H-k.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  187.S.  and  has 
iM'Cfi  interested  in  the  meat  market  business 
most  of  the  time  since.  He  is  proprietor  of  the 
Clifton  House,  on  Tlilnl  street  noilli-easl ;  it  is  a 


fine  little  brick  house  of  thirty  rooms,  and  nearly 
new.  Mr.  (iillcsby  married  Katie  Rice,  of  Red 
Wing,  in  November,  1880. 

D.  M.  (Jilmore.  born  at  Newville.  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  1840.  He  came  to  this  city  in  18.57, 
but  on  account  of  the  liiianiial  crash,  and  the 
hard  times  resulting,  he  returned  to  Pemisylva- 
nia  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year.  In  ISfil  he  en- 
listed in  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  the 
first  volunteer  regiment  of  cavalry  in  the  service. 
He  commenced  as  corporal,  but  when  mustered 
out  in  18(U.  held  the  commission  of  captain;  he 
was  in  many  of  the  principal  battles,  and  was 
wouii(le(l  in  January.  1804.  After  leaving  the 
army  he  was  in  business  in  Pennsylvania  for 
about  one  and  one-half  years,  and  in  1866,  re- 
turned to  Minnesota;  he  was  iii  the  auction  busi- 
ness for  si,\  years,  and  since  that  time  has  been 
engaged  in  furniture  manufacturing.  His  mar- 
riage with  Miss  Sarah  Kyle,  of  ^Maryland,  oc- 
curred in  1867.  They  reside  at  90SI  Washington 
,\vcniii'  iKirtli. 

J.  II.  (iilmore,  born  at  Stenbenville.  Ohio.  July 
17th,  1848.  When  (pnte  young  he  moved  with 
his  parents  to  .Mount  Pleasant,  where  he  attended 
the  public  schools  and  worked  at  farming  several 
years,  and  then  was  in  the  cattle  trade  until  1867. 
He  read  law  in  Illinois  two  years,  spent  the  same 
length  of  time  traveling  in  the  west, and  retimied 
home  and  iiunhased  an  interest  in  a  newspaper, 
which  he  sold  in  1872  and  removed  to  Chicago, 
thence  to  Minneapolis;  here  he  followed  iirinting 
for  a  time,  then  became  associated  uitli  .Mr. 
liaker  in  civil  engineering;  he  now  owns  several 
farms  in  this  slate  and  is  interested  in  real  estate 
anilliiiiilH  rill','.  His  ini|ilials  willi  .\liliie  Chase 
wereceleliraled  I'eliruar.N  I'.Kli.  IsT'.i  They  have 
one  child.  Havmond. 

J.  A.  (iilniiin.  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  w'as  born 
in  Wa.shington  county,  in  18;H4.  He  lived  there 
until  \s~:i.  He  enlisted  in  the  Twenty-fir.st  regi- 
ment of  rnileil  Slates  \'olunteer  Infantry,  and  at 
the  battle  of  Chickamaiiga.  in  (ieorgia,  he  was  cap- 
tured and  taken  to  Libby  pris<»n  in  companv  with 
sixty  others.  They  were  transferred  several  tinu^s 
and  afterHfteen  months'  imprisonment  .Mr.(  iilman 
anil  eleven  others  were  exchanged,  the  remaining 
forty-nine  having  clied  during  conlinement.  He 
was  honoralih  clisehargeil  at  Washington,  .\ugust 
6th,  18(i.').      lie  lll(  II  ll'lllllied  In  his  hnlllc  in  Wi.s- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


551 


consin,  and  in  1S73  lie  removed  to  Minnesota. 
He  remained  at  St.  Paul  a  few  months,  tlien  lie- 
came  a  resident  of  Minneapolis,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the 
St.  Paul, Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Hailroad  Com- 
pany as  car  inspector,  since  his  first  locating  here. 
Jnly  3d,  1869,  he  married  Amelia  Marco,  of  Wis- 
consin. Four  children  have  been  bom  to  them: 
John  H.,  Nellie  E.,  Fred  R.,  and  Albert  A. 

J.  Q.  Oilman,  born  December  1st,  1851,  at  Hal- 
lowell,  Maine.  When  nineteen  years  of  age  he 
learned  the  blacksmith's  trade,  and  in  1872  opened 
a  shop  at  Richmond.  Elaine.  Staid  there  only  one 
year,  and  removed  to  Gardiner,  where  he  worked 
in  partnership  with  another  man  until  1877,  when 
he  came  here,  and  worked  at  his  trade  on  Sixth 
Avenue  south.  From  there  he  moved  to  the  cor- 
ner of  Fourth  Avenue  and  Third  street  south, 
and  in  November,  1880,  opened  the  shop  where 
he  now  is,  at  230  Fifth  Avenue  south.  In  June, 
1878,  he  married  Miss  Ida  Blaisdell. 

Charles  GUle,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  bom 
September  25th,  1842.  lie  came  to  America  in 
1852,  and  lived  at  Watertown,  Wisconsin,  until 
1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Twentieth  Wiscon- 
sin Infantry,  and  served  threee  years.  He  was 
mustered  out,  and  re-enlisted  in  the  Forty-third 
Wisconsin  Infantry,  and  served  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  then  went  into  the  furniture  business 
in  Iowa,  and  from  there  to  Mankato,  Mumesota, 
where  he  was  employed  as  carpenter  until  1877, 
when  he  came  here,  and  has  since  been  a  con- 
tractor for  carpenter  w-ork  ;  office  on  Third  street 
and  Fifteenth  Avenue  north-east.  In  1869  he 
mamed  Mary  Malli,  who  has  borne  him  seven 
children.  Those  living  are :  Lena,  Emma,  Ber- 
tha, William,  and  Herman. 

G.  F.  Girrbach  was  born  March  29th,  1842,  at 
Calmbach,  Kingdom  of  Wurtemberg.  In  April, 
18»jl.  he  came  to  America.  Lived  a  few  months 
in  Connecticut,  then  to  New  York  city,  and  in 
1865  came  here.  He  worked  for  the  firm  of  J. 
Dean  and  Company  until  1871,  when  he  estab- 
lished himself  in  the  la-ocery  business,  and  the 
year  following  added  a  stock  of  general  merchan- 
dise. He  is  doing  a  successful  business  at  1624 
Fifth  street  south.  His  wife  was  Louisa  Jager, 
whom  he  married  in  1K64.  They  aie  the  par  'uts 
of  six  children:  Louisa,  William,  Lydia,  Fred, 
^Minnie,  and  Esther. 


James  Givans,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born  in 
1830.  He  went  to  West  Lilierty.  Iowa,  in  1853, 
and  engaged  in  the  livery  business.  In  1872  he 
'removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  occupied  stables 
with  Mr.  Ensign  until  1880.  when  he  moved  to 
the  alley  back  of  the  city  market.  He  has  a  sale 
stable  exclusively.  Mr.  Givans  married  Mary 
Innman,  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1855.  She  died  in 
1867,  leaving  three  children :  George,  Sophia, 
and  Callie.  His  second  wife  was  Sarah  Bozarth, 
whom  he  married  in  1871.  She  has  borne  him 
three  children  :    Daisy,  Ethel,  and  Mary. 

Mitcliell  W.  Glenn  was  born  December  24th, 
1830,  at  Newark,  New  Jersey.  In  early  child- 
hood he  moved  to  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio,  and  at 
the  age  of  eleven  entered  a  machine  shop;  he 
afterwards  learned  ironing  carriages,  and  then  re- 
turned to  the  machine  shop.  He  entered  the 
army  as  color-bearer  of  the  Eighth  Indiana, 
though  he  had  the  use  of  but  one  arm.  the  other 
being  lame  from  an  injury;  at  the  battle  of  Rich 
Mountain,  he  carried  the  only  colors  on  the  field. 
He  received  several  wounds  at  that  battle,  one 
shows  plainly  now  over  the  left  eye.  After  his 
return  home  he  was  commissioned  adjutant  of  the 
Thirty-fifth  Indiana,  which  position  he  held  two 
years,  and  in  1863,  he  was  made  colonel  of  the 
One  hundred  and  Seventeenth  Ohio  Militia.  He 
came  to  this  place  'n  1868,  and  went  into  the 
North  Star  Iron  Works.  In  1878,  he  purchased 
the  Minneapolis  Boiler  Works.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  city  council  since  1872,  with  the 
exception  of  one  yeai,  and  vice-president  of  the 
council  two  terms;  he  was  also  chairman  of  the 
board  of  county  commissioners  tor  two  years. 
His  maiTiage  with  Mary  Kelly,  of  Ohio,  was  cel- 
ebrated October  8tli,  1862.  Their  children  are,  J. 
Willard  and  Eugene. 

William  Glessner  was  born  January  22d,  1816, 
in  Someiset  county,  Pennsylvania.  When  titteen 
years  of  age  he  went  to  Ohin.  and  remained  until 
the  spring  of  1854,  when  he  came  to  St.  An- 
thony. He  entered  a  homestead  and  lived  on  it 
only  one  year,  then  returned  to  St.  Anthony 
and  engaged  with  Mr.  Johnson  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  furniture;  after  two  years  partnership  Mr. 
Glessner  carried  on  the  business  alone;  in  1870,  he 
ahandimed  manufacturing  and  entereii  the  retail 
furniture  and  the  undertaking  business,  which 
he  still  continues.    His  wife  was  Miss  Abbie  De 


552 


JllsKiIiV  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Vaiil,  of  Ohio,  who  has  borne  him  five  children.   ■ 
Mr.    (ilessner"s    residence    is   at    tlie  corner    of 
Eighth  street  and  Kighth  Avenue,  south-east. 

Gottleib  GUiek  (deceased)  was  born  April  22d, 
lK:;s.  in  (iennany.  In  18.5.5,  lie  came  to  .Vmerica, 
and  the  year  following  moved  to  Miinieajiolis.  In 
1857,  he  built  a  brewery,  which  was  destroyed  by 
fire  and  rebuilt  in  188(1;  it  has  a  capacity  of  forty- 
five  barrels  jier  pay.  He  married  Caroline  Foell 
in  18.57:  eleven  children  have  been  born  to  them, 
Louis.  Charles,  Emma,  (dece;i.sed),  Emma,  Jen- 
nie, Carrie.  John,  Louisa,  Christma,  Annie  and 
Lydia.     Mr.  (ihiek  died  October  Kith.  1880. 

J.  G.  (iluck  was  born  March  24tli.  18S8.  in 
liavaria.  In  1849.  he  came  to  America  and  lived 
in  New  Vork  city  nearly  four  years,  then  was  em- 
ployed as  journeyman  at  the  tailor's  trade  which 
he  learned  in  Bavaria.  In  18.57.  he  came  here,  and 
the  year  following,  established  himself  in  busi- 
ness as  a  merchant  tailor  at  St.  Anthony;  since 
18().S.he  hasbeenon  the  west  side  of  (he  river.  He 
married  Annie  (iutzwieller  in  1858, and  in  March, 
1870,  she  died,  leaving  four  children.  Franklin, 
John.  Mary  and  fieorge.  His  second  wife  was 
Franziska  Uoldt,  who  has  borne  liini  twocliildren, 
Hugo  and  Albert. 

Ard  (ioilfrey,  a  native  of  Penobscot  county, 
Maine,  was  born  at  Oroiio.  January  18th,  1818. 
His  father  and  elder  brother  being  mill-wrights, 
he  learned  that  trade,  and  at  the  age  of  eighteen, 
had  charge  of  building  a  lumber  mill.  In  1847 
he  came  to  SI.  Anthony,  to  take  cliarge  of  the 
improvements  of  the  water  power  llicii  inaugu- 
rated by  Franklin  Steele,  Rantoiil  and  others. 
He  arriverl  in  ()ct<iber.  an<l  in  isis  rctiiiiKMl  to 
Maine.  While  there  lie  made  arrangcnii'iits  with 
Steele  to  return  to  St.  Anthony,  lie  liad  (|uili:iii 
experience  in  building  dams  in  .Maine.  .Mlciliis 
return  to  this  jilace  he  operated  in  lumber  for 
Steele  and  others,  also  for  himself,  for  several 
years.  In  18.52  he  hail  a  <'lalin  made  for  him  by 
Captain  Monroe,  of  Fort  Snelling.  near  -Minne- 
haha Falls,  where  he  has  siiu'e  lived,  with  the 
exception  of  seven  years  sjient  in  thiscity.  to  give 
hiH  childn-n  better  educational  advantages.  In 
1S.5.'<  he  biult  a  saw-mill  on  Minnehaha  Cri-ek. 
and  in  18tltl  a  grist-mill;  both  were  destroyed  by 
fin-.  He  wa.s  married  in  Januarx'.  1838,  to  Har- 
riet X.  Hurr.  of  Maine;  children.  Helen,  now 
Mrs.  M.  IJerry,  of  .Minneapolis;  Abner,  a  farmer 


near  Hancock;  Harriet  R..  a  teacher;  Martha  A., 
Sarah  C.  now  Mrs.  Osborne,  of  this  city:  Mary 
and  Minnie.  Three  children  died  in  infancy. 
Mr.  Godfrey  resides  on  his  farm  near  Minnehaha 
Falls  where  he  has  a  pleasant  home. 

Chris  (ioehringer  came  to  Minnesota  in  1865, 
and  located  at  North  IJrauch;  he  was  one  of  four 
men  who  located  and  named  the  town.  He  re- 
sided there  about  three  and  one-half  years,  then 
came  to  this  city  and  worked  in  a  saw-mill  two 
years.  For  a  short  time  he  was  in  the  grocery 
business,  then  started  a  saloon  on  First  Avenue 
nortli.  and  is  now  in  the  same  business  at  101  Nic- 
ollet Avenue.  In  1870  he  helped  to  organize  hose 
company  number  three,  and  in  1872  was  elected 
its  first  assistant,  which  position  he  held  until 
1875,  when  he  was  elected  foreman,  and  acted  in 
that  capacity  until  the  company  disbanded  in 
1879.  He  married  Mary  Nieson  in  1870.  Their 
children  are  Lena,  Chris  and  Kate. 

O.  A.  Gonyea.  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born 
January  26th.  1833.  He  came  to  Muiueapolis  in 
1865,  and  for  sixteen  years  worked  in  the  woods 
and  on  the  river.  lie  is  proprietor  of  the  New 
Idea  billiard  liall,  No.  21  Main  street  south-east, 
which  he  built  in  1872.  His  wife  was  Catherine 
Hogan.  whom  lie  married  in  1861.  They  have 
four  children:  William.  Lillie.  Nellie  and  Charles. 

A.  II.  Goode  is  a  gentleman  whose  long  expe- 
rience well  (pialilies  him  to  fill  the  position  he 
holds  as  manager  of  the  Minneapolis  branch 
house  of  J.  H.  Kerrick  and  Company.  This 
firm  manufacture  and  deal  in  iron  and  wood-work- 
ingmachinery  and  siiiiiOies. 

P.  (ioodrich  was  born  at  Rochester,  New  York, 
in  18.57.  At  the  age  of  three  years  he  went  with 
his  mother  to  Roston  and  lived  eight  years;  then 
after  passing  three  years  in  Chicago,  he  returned 
to  Rochester  to  prepare  for  college:  he  graduated 
from  the  university  of  that  city  in  1880,  and  came 
to  .Minnea|>olis  in  .\iigiist  of  the  same  year.  In 
September.  1880.  he  imrchased  in  compaiiN  with 
.1.  T.  Maniiini,  llie  trunk  manufactory  of  1).  1). 
Whitney,  which  biisuiess  they  are  now  conduct- 
ing at  25  WashingUm  Avenue  north. 

E.  Gordon,  a  native  of  .New  llamiishire,  was 
born  in  July.  1853.  When  fourteen  years  of  age 
he  commenced  learning  the  ma.son's  trade,  and  lias 
followed  that  occupatiini  since.  In  185.5  he  laine 
with  his  i)arents  to  St.  Anthony,  and  in  1867  re- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


553 


moved  to  Colorado;  he  went  to  Michigan  in  1876, 
and  returned  to  thiscity  in  1878,  since  vvliicli  time 
he  has  done  hnsiness  liere  as  contractor  for  ma- 
sonry worli:  he  makes  a  specialty  of  jilastering, 
cistern-bnilding  and  kalsomining.  Ills  residence 
is  No.  810  Washington  Avenue  north. 

L.  B.  (ioruuui,  a  native  of  Quebec,  was  born  in 
September,  1853.  lie  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1867,  and  followed  the  lumber  business  at 
Grand  Rapids,  Wisconsin,  for  one  year.  In  1868 
he  came  to  Minneapolis  an<l  continued  the  same 
work  until  June,  1878,  when  he  took  the  billiard 
hall  at  the  corner  of  Hennepin  Avenue  and  Sec- 
ond street.  His  marriage  with  Jemiette  Hibbard 
occurred  December  25th,  1878. 

William  W.  Gould  was  born  in  Canada,  Decem- 
ber 15th,  1840.  He  leiirned  the  milling  business 
in  I'xbridge,  Ontario  county,  and  in  September, 
1865,  moved  to  South  Bend,  Indiana,  where  he 
taught  school  one  year,  then  went  to  Boone  coun- 
ty, Iowa,  and  was  employed  in  cabinet  and  carpen- 
ter work  one  year,  thence  to  Council  Bluffs, 
where  he  worked  as  carpenter  for  the  Chicago 
and  NorthW'estern  Railway.  He  returned  to 
South  Bend  and  worked  at  milling  and  cabinet 
making  until  June,  1S78,  when  he  came  to  this 
city  and  helped  build  the  Pettit  and  Washburn 
mills;  since  Jinie,  1880,  he  has  been  employed  as 
mill-WTight  at  the  North-western  mill.  He  mar- 
ried Alice  Burdic  in  1873.  They  have  one  child, 
Harry. 

Charles  E.  Gray,  born  at  Westerly,  W^ashington 
county,  Maine,  October  7th,  1849.  When  six 
years  of  age  he  came  here  and  at  the  age  of  eigh- 
teen commenced  lumbering,  which  employment 
he  continued  for  seven  years.  In  1874  he  engaged 
in  the  milling  business  at  the  North  Star  mill;  re- 
mained two  and  one-half  years  with  this  firm,  be- 
ing part  of  the  time  in  charge  of  a  mill  at  Long 
Lake,  since  then  he  has  been  at  the  North-west- 
ern mill.  Mr.  Gray  married  Eva  Lowell,  April 
4th,  1876.  They  had  one  child,  Sadie,  who  died 
m  infancy. 

C.  A.  Graves  was  bin-n  at  Cameron,  Somerset 
comity,  Maine,  April  2oth,  1837.  In  early  man- 
hood he  commenced  to  work  at  building,  and  was 
engaged  on  saw  mills  on  the  Penobscot  river,  and 
at  different  places  in  tlie  t'nited  States  and  Cana- 
da. In  1857  he  came  to  St.  Anthony  ;  worked  at 
his  trade  on  the  St.  Croix  river  two  years,  thence 


to  Stillwater,  where  he  remained  until  1864,  when 
he  went  south  and  worked  one  year  for  the  govern- 
ment construction  department.  In  1867  he  came 
to  Minneapolis  and  since  that  time  has  been  em- 
ployed constructing  mills. 

Thomas  K.  Gray  was  boni  in  Lincoln  county, 
Maine,  in  June,  1833.  His  home  has  been  in 
Minneapolis  since  October,  1855.  In  1866  he 
married  Julia  Allen  ;  they  are  the  parents  of  five 
children:  Horace,  Edward,  Herbert,  Grade  and 
Daisy.  Mr.  Gray  is  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Gray 
and  Hofflhi  of  this  city,  and  is  also  in  the  drug 
business  at  No.  108  Bridge  square ;  this  business 
w'as  established  in  1856  by  John  1).  Gray  ami  Dr. 
M.  R.  Greely.  In  1858,  T.  K.  Gray  bought  the 
doctor's  interest  and  the  firm  of  Gray  Brothers 
continued  until  1870,  when  John  D.  was  obliged 
to  travel  for  his  health,  and  Mr.  T.  K.  Gray  has 
since  been  alone  in  the  busines.  In  1865  the  pres- 
sent  building  was  erected  ;  three  stories  and  the 
basement  are  occupied  for  the  transaction  of  this 
large  and  increasing  business. 

J.  L.  Grandy  was  born  in  Dundas  county,  Can- 
ada, in  1825.  He  moved  with  his  parents  to  St. 
Lawrence  county,  New  York,  and  lived  there 
until  1847,  when  he  went  to  Wisconsin.  He  did 
carpenter  a]id  jol)l)ing  work  at  (4rand  Rapids 
until  the  war  broke  out,  when  he  enlisted  in  the 
Eighteenth  Wisconsin  Volunteers,  served  one 
year  and  was  discharged  for  disability.  In  the 
spring  of  1863  he  removed  to  Beaver  Dam  and 
remained  four  years  in  the  employ  of  J.  II.  Row- 
ell  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  seeders.  Since  the 
fall  of  1867  he  has  resided  in  Minneapolis,  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  the  New  Comet 
washing  machines.  He  married  Pauline  Eaton, 
in  Wisconsin.  They  have  four  children,  Phoebe 
Ann,  Augustus,  Louis  Lincoln  and  Ida  May. 

W.  Q.  Greely  was  born  May  20th,  1827,  in  Wal- 
do county,  Maine.  He  attended  school  until  sev- 
enteen years  of  age,  when  he  commenced  to  learn 
blacksmithing.  He  went  to  Bangor,  where  for 
five  years  he  worked  at  forging  for  Pope  and 
Lang;  also  lilted  up  a  factory  at  North  A^assel- 
borongh,  JNIaiue.  Since  October,  1855,  he  has 
lived  at  St.  Antliony.  He  occupied  various  loca- 
tions for  a  number  of  years,  and  finally  built  a 
sliop  on  Main  street  south-east.  This  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  and  in  1877  he  purchased  the  shop 
he  now  occupies.  No.  121  Main  street  south-east. 


554 


HISTORY  OF  BEKNEPIN  COUN'l  Y. 


His  wife  was  Amanda  Gowaii,  of  Bradford, 
JIaiiie.  Tlipy  liave  two  children  living:  Otto 
and  Alice. 

Anton  (Jretlien.  a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom 
in  November,  1H34.  and  in  lSo4  emigrated  to 
America.  He  read  law  with  Brisbin  and  Bige- 
low,  of  St.  Paul,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
December,  1K58.  lie  followed  his  profession 
until  elected  auditor  of  Hennepin  county-  in  1864. 
This  ollice  he  filled  until  1871,  when  he  resumed 
his  law  i)ra<-tice  in  the  lirm  of  D.  G.  Shillock,  and 
afterward  with  (Jeneral  Baxter,  lii  isso  lie  was 
elected  alderman  for  the  First  ward.  ilr.  Grethen 
reside-s  on  Nicollet  Island.  He  was  married  in 
1R57  to  Babette  .Jenkins.  Their  children  are: 
Kmilie.  Adolf  and  Otto. 

.1.  M.  (irillith  was  born  in  183.J,  in  Germany. 
When  a  child  he  came  with  his  iiarents  to  Amer- 
ii-a.  and  lived  in  .Saint  Clair  comity,  Illinois,  until 
twenty-one  years  of  age.  and  then  in  Montgomery 
county,  five  years.  He  removed  to  ^lontana, 
wliere,  for  nine  years,  he  was  engaged  in  con- 
tracting and  building,  also  operated  a  saw-mill, 
and  for  a  time  conducted  a  general  merchandise 
business.  His  marriage  with  Carrie  Sharp  oc- 
currcil  in  Ai)ril,  18(>7.  They  are  the  i)arents  of 
five  chililrcn:  Krnest.  Heujamin,  Mary,  Frank- 
lin, and  an  infant.  He  is  now  engaged  in  the 
maniifactiin'  of  briMinis.  and  dealing  in  liroom 
com. 

.John  (irinie.  a  native  of  England,  was  born  in 
1K4<1.  Heuimeto  America  in  18(j9,  and  locating 
at  Scriinton.  I'ennsylvania.  commenced  work  in 
the  Delaware.  ]>a<'kawaiina  and  Western  rail- 
way shops,  where  he  was  rmployed  until  187(1; 
that  year  lie  cjime  to  Minneapolis  and  worked  for 
till-  Mlniiea|Hilisanil  St.  I.,oiiis  liailway  Coiupaiiy 
until  ls7i;.  when  he  went  t4>  the  Harvester  Works, 
ami  in  April,  1880.  began  prejiarations  for  his 
present  business,  that  of  nianufactnring  nia- 
chiiiist.s'  and  engineers' tools.  .Mr.  (irime  was 
married  in  this  city.  September  lilid,  187.'),  to  Km- 
nia  Morrill.     They  have  one  son,  Ivdward. 

William  (irimshaw,  a  native  of  rhiladelphia. 
I'eiiliHylvaiiia.  was  born  December  •Itli.  I8.").S. 
lie  came  to  .Minneapolis  with  his  parents  in  18.'i.); 
he  Kindled  hen-  and  graduated  from  the  only  high 
HcliiNil  in  the  <-ily  at  that  time.  When  unly  foiir- 
t<H'ii  \ears  of  agr- he  coiiimeiiced  the  carpenter's 
trade,  working  with  his  father  HUinmers  and  at- 


tending school  winters:  his  business  is  now  that 
of  architect  and  builder.  He  was  manied  in  Oc- 
tober, 1876,  to  Miss  Minnie,  daughter  of  George 
Roberts,  of  Wisconsin. 

E.  S.  (Jrindall  was  born  at  Penobscot.  Maine, 
March,  1882.  He  umved  with  his  parents  to 
Bangor,  and  followed  butchering  for  five  years; 
then  he  went  to  Boston  and  engaged  in  draying 
until  18.5.5.  when  he  removed  to  Iowa,  and  a  fev.' 
months  later^ to  this  city.  He  was  with  Hause 
and  Bailey  for  a  time,  and  then  in  the  employ  of 
Stimson  and  Hayes,  and  in  l.s.5")-".5(i  assisted  in 
drawing  stone  for  the  old  Wiuslow  House.  In 
1865  he  started  a  (lra\  line,  which  he  has  since 
continued  with  ju'olit.  He  was  married  in  18.58 
to  Sarah  Siiiilh.  They  are  the  parents  of  four 
children:  Sabine,  George,  Eaberand  Bertie.  Mr. 
Grindall's  father  was  county  commissioner  for 
several  years;  his  mother  is  still  living. 

John  Grosbusch,  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  in  1846.  He  came  to  America  in  1868,  and 
lived  on  a  farm  one  year  near  Albert  Lea;  from 
there  he  went  to  Steele  county  where  he  worked 
on  a  farm  and  in  a  brewery  until  1S71 .  when  he  re- 
moved to  this  city,  and  was  in  a  brewery  here 
four  years,  then  started  a  saloon  on  Washington 
Avenue,  and  in  the  spring  of  1880  moved  to  his 
present  location  He  married  Theresa  Ilausler  in 
1876.    Their  children  are  Mary  and  .John. 

Freeman  (irover.  a  native  of  New  Brunswick, 
was  born  September  ISth.  18;n.  In  18.57  he 
moved  to  Wisconsin  and  was  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness until  187-5,  then  he  went  south  and  f(n-  three 
years  was  engaged  ingrowing  oranges  in  Florida, 
but  returned  to  Wiscdiisiii  and  in  Isso  came  to 
this  city.  He  is  propiii'lnr  nl' the  Butler  Hotel, 
No.  700  Third  street  south.  In  .Iiiue,  l.s<>2,  he  mar- 
ried Margaiel  Heasely.  Five  cliildren  have  been 
born  In  Iheiii:  .lohu.  Mary.  Otis,  (ienrge  and 
Ward. 

Fniiik  (irygla.  buni  in  lsls,;il  Cracow,  ruland, 
and  einlgrated  to  America  in  1.S70  ;  he  lived  in 
Milwaukee  two  years,  then  removed  to  Chicago. 
Ill  1877  he  came  to  MiiineaiMilis  and  in  eiinii)aiiy 
with  .Mr.  Seidell  engaged  the  niainifaeture  of  gal- 
vani/.cil  Iron  coriiiee.  lire  and  water-proof  sky 
lights,  elevator  buckets,  doors  and  shuttei-s,  etc., 
etc..  No.  114  Third  street  north.  Mr.  Gryglawas 
married  in  1877.  He  is  the  father  of  two  child- 
ren. 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


555 


Absalom  R.  Guilder,  born  at  Milton,  Vermont, 
in  August,  1826.  He  lived  with  his  parents  un- 
til 1842,  when  he  moved  to  'Watertown,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  engaged  in  building  tlie  "Old  Yellow 
mill"  of  that  place.  In  1866  he  came  to  Minne- 
apolis to  assist  in  the  construction  of  the  Wash- 
burn B  mill ;  after  its  completion  he  turned  his 
attention  to  a  long  felt  want  of  tliose  interested 
in  milling  ;  after  a  long  and  laborious  task  he  was 
rewarded  with  a  series  of  patents,  which  placed 
him  in  the  front  rank  of  om-  ablest  uiventors.  In 
June,  1872,  he  secured  his  first  patent  for  a  mid- 
dlings purifier,  the  second  in  December  of  the 
same  year,  the  third  in  October,  1873,  the  fourth 
in  September,  1874,  the  fifth  in  May,  1875,  and 
the  sixth  was  for  drying  and  draining  hose.  In 
April  1876,  he  made  an  improvement  on  granu- 
lating machines,  and  in  September,  1876,  another 
patent  on  middlings  purifiers;  July,  1877,  an  im- 
provement on  the  turbine  wheel,  and  in  1877, 
1H78,  and  1880,  he  received  re-issues  on  several  of 
them ;  they  are  all  patented  in  the  United  States 
and  Canada  and  his  machinery  has  been  sold  in 
all  parts  of  the  world  where  flour  is  manufac- 
tured. Mr.  Guilder  married  Eva  Collins  in  1850. 
They  have  one  child,  Ella.  Mrs.  Guilder  died 
February  10th  1871. 

Simon  Guimon  was  Itoru  in  Quebec,  Canada, 
May  12th,  1840.  He  moved  to  Dayton,  Minne- 
sota, in  1862,  and  for  four  years  was  in  the  wood 
business;  in  IhOti,  he  moved  to  Anoka,  and  worked 
eleven  years  as  sawyer  in  the  mills;  he  removed 
to  this  city  in  1877,  spent  two  years  more  in  the 
wood  business,  and  in  May,  1880,  bought  tlie 
Union  house,  121  First  street  north.  His  wife 
was  Ellen  Goodin;  they  were  married  in  July, 
1866;  seven  children  have  been  born  to  then, 
those  living  are  Mary,  Josephine,  Simon,  Nellie, 
and  Ida. 

S.  R.  Gunnersen  was  bmii  in  Norway,  in  1844. 
He  attended  school  in  his  native  town  until  his 
eighteenth  year,  when  lie  entered  tlie  University 
at  Christiana.  Passed  all  the  degrees  common  to 
a  divinity  student,  and  in  1867,  took  the  degree 
of  D.  D.  Afterwards  studied  theology  in  (Jer- 
many.  After  traveling  through  several  Euro- 
pean countries,  came  to  Augsburg  Seminary, 
Minneapolis,  in  1874,  and  was  elected  a  member 
of  its  faculty. 


CHAPTER  LXXIX. 

itKxjRArmcAL.  n,  i  and  j. 

Charles  F.  Haglin,  of  the  firm  of  Ilaglin  and 
Corser,  architects,  was  born  at  Syracuse,  New 
York,  in  1848.  He  studied  the  profession  of 
architect  at  Syracuse,  and  in  1860,  moved  to  De- 
troit, Michigan,  remaining  until  the  fall  of  the 
same  year,  when  he  went  to  Chicago,  and  in  1873, 
came  to  ^Minneapolis.  He  established  an  office  in 
connection  with  Mr.  Long,  and  in  1876,  formed  a 
partnership  with  Mr.  Corser.  Mr.  Ilaglin  drew 
the  plans  for  the  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul  depot, 
also  for  the  high  school  building,  completed  1879. 

W.  N.  Haight  was  born  at  Burlington,  Ver- 
mont, in  1850.  His  early  life  was  passed  at  St. 
Albans,  of  that  state,  and  after  the  age  of  twelve 
years,  he  was  there  engaged  in  architecture  and 
building.  He  located  in  Minneapolis,  in  1876, 
and  has  been  successful  in  business.  Mr.  Haight 
built  the  Woman's  Home,  Col.  Benton's  residence 
and  others. 

Christopher  Webber  Hall  was  bom  in  Wards- 
boro,  Windham  county,  Vermont,  February  28th, 
1845.  He  remained  with  his  parents  on  the  farm, 
attending  the  village  school,  and  for  one  or  two 
terms  the  Leland  and  Gray  Seminary,  at  Town- 
send,  Vermont,  until  he  began  preparation  for 
college  at  Chester  Academy,  Chester,  ^'"ermont. 
The  expense  of  his  preparatory  course  was  paid 
by  teaching  penmansliip.  Entered  Middlel)ury 
College  in  1867,  and  graduated  in  1871.  Taught 
one  year  at  Glen's  Falls,  New  York;  theii  came 
to  Mankato,  Minnesota,  as  principal  of  high 
school.  In  1873  he  was  elected  superintendent  of 
tlie  Owatonna  city  schools,  where  he  remainad 
until  his  deiiarture  for  Europe  to  pursue  his  sci- 
entific studies  in  the  universities  of  Germany. 
July  27th,  1875,  he  married  Nellie  A.,  eldest 
daughter  of  Hon.  M.  H.  Diinnell,  of  Owatonna, 
who  slioitiy  afterward  accompanied  him  to  (ier- 
many.  She  died  at  Leipzic,  February  21st,  1876. 
After  taking  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Pliilosophy, 
Prof.  Hall  returned  to  America  in  December,  1877, 
and  passed  six  weeks  assisting  Prof.  Seeley,atthe 
Middlebury,  Vermont,  College.  In  April,  1878, 
upon  invitation  of  Prof.  Winchell,  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  entered  into  work  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Minnesota,  relieving  tliat  gentleman  of 


5-Vi 


HISTOHY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


his  class-room  duties,  that  lie  mifclit  give  his  at- 
tention to  the  duties  of  the  natural  history  sur- 
vey of  the  state.  In  June  following  he  was  em- 
ployed for  one  year  with  the  duties  indicated  by 
the  title  of  assistant  state  f;eolopst.aud  later,  the 
s;»nie  year,  was  aiipoitited  professor  of  geology, 
niineralog)-  and  biology,  wliicli  position  lie  has 
since  held. 

J.  (i.  Haller.  pastor  of  the  Evangelical  Mission, 
Wits  horn  in  Xew  York,  in  18.58,  moved  to  Michi- 
g;ni  in  lS(i4.  and  was  converted  at  twelve.  lie 
attended  district  school  until  fourteen  years  of 
age.  tlien  took  a  clerkshii)  in  a  mercantile  house 
for  a  few  months;  it  not  being  congenial  to  his 
t.-istes.  left  it  and  Dtted  for  college  in  the  high 
sclnHil.  .\t  sixteen  entered  the  Xorth-western 
college,  at  Xapierville,  Illinois,  and  graduated 
in  three  years.  Came  to  Minnesota  in  1877, 
taught  school  seven  months,  in  Stearns  county, 
and  in  IsTs  joined  the  Minnesota  conference  and 
was  stationed  on  the  Dakota  circuit,  twenty-five 
miles  south  of  St.  I'aul,  laboring  jointly  with 
the  Hev.  Mr.  Manthey.  In  the  spring  of  1879 
stationed  at  the  .\Iiiniea))olis  Mission,  when  fail- 
ing health  almost  compelled  him  to  abandon  the 
ministry,  but  feeling  a  stronger  obligation  to  his 
.Master  than  to  himself,  he  persevered  until  licaltli 
n-turneil. 

I>in'nt7.  Hailing,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born 
in  is;!!i.  He  came  to  the  I 'nited  States  in  ]8(j7. 
residing  in  New  Vork  one  year  where  he  was  em- 
ployed as  tailor.  After  visiting  cities  in  Wis- 
consin and  Michigan,  he  located  at  Winona.  Min- 
nesota, where  he  reniaineil  two  and  one-half 
years.  In  1K71.  he  removed  to  .Miinieaiiolis. 
where  he  o|M'ned  a  saloon  and  has  since  resided. 
Mr.  Hailing  married  Julia  Danielson,  in  1870. 
Tlii-ir  children  are  Iljalniai-.  Ni-llic.  Jessie,  and 
Florence. 

William  S.  Hall,  a  native  of  Kngland,  was 
iKtni  in  January.  1844.  He  came  to  Anierica.  in 
S'plemlMT.  IHtiii.  (irst  locating  at  I'biladelphia, 
and  remaining  there  until  ISTI.  when  he  returned 
to  Knglaiiil.  In  1K7:<  he  returni-d  to  America 
and  n-miived  to  HudHon.  Wisconsin,  where  he 
was  in  the  eiii|i1oy  of  the  West  Wisconsin  mil- 
road  until  IHTS;  he  then  came  to  .Mimieapolls. 
and  enten-d  Ids  pretwMit  buHineHH,  that  of  ma- 
chinist. Ills  ninrrlage  with  Mi.ss  Alice  Singleton 
wa.H   )4olemni7.ed    at   llury,    Kngland,    in    18G8. 


Their  children  are:  Sarah  A..  John  Wm..  and 
Susan. 

Hobart  O.  Hamlin,  son  oi  Oliver  Hamlin,  was 
bom  at  Salem,  AVayne  county.  Pennsylvania, 
June  2i)th.  1832.  Mr.  Hamlin  moved  to  St.  An- 
thony, Jilinnesota  Territory,  in  18.54.  and  has 
since  resided  at  the  Falls.  In  the  fall  of  IS-'SO, 
he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  with  Al- 
pheus  Howell,  and  in  common  with  many  others 
during  the  trying  period  of  1857,  he  met  with 
severe  financial  reverses.  In  that  year  he  was 
elected  the  first  auditor  of  Hennepin  county,  but 
soon  resigned  his  position  and,  in  1801,  was 
elected  clerk  of  the  district  court,  which  office  he 
filled  four  years.  In  1877,  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Zelora  Iv.  Brown,  and  they  have  since 
been  successfully  engaged  in  the  real  estate.  loan 
and  insurance  business.  Mr.  Hamlin's  and  Miss 
Anna  Kocke's  nuptials  were  celebrated,  Septem- 
ber 2Sth,  18(>2.  Their  children  are:  (Jrant  (i.. 
Oliver  C,  George  15..  Kniest  T.  Kate  and  Ho- 
bart O. 

Henry  lliinuii.  a  iKilivc  of  (icnnan.\.  was  lioni 
in  184'i.  lie  canie  to  the  I'nited  States,  in  l.s7.'i, 
locating  in  I'hiladclpliia.  and  ven- soon  enlisted  in 
the  Ninety-eighth  rcnns\]vaiiia  \'oluiitccrs.  in 
which  he  served  eight  months.  He  returned  to 
riiiladelphia.  where  he  engaged  in  blacksmithing 
until  lsii7.  He  established  his  saloon  business  in 
Minneapolis  in  1S70.  He  was  married  to  l.izzie 
Freideger  in  1872.an<l  have  three  children. .\nnie, 
Maggie  and  LiUie. 

William  Ilannuond  was  born  in  (.)aklicl(l,  Wis- 
consin, May  22i  I.  1S17.  He  came  to  Minneapolis 
in  187(1  and  worked  at  lundiering  ten  years.  In 
July.  18S(i.  lie  established  a  saloon  business  at  21 

Nicollrl    Am'IIIIC. 

C.  ■)■  llanuistioni  was  born  May  Ifith,  184.'?,  in 
Sweden,  lie  leanuMl  the  trade  of  shoe-maker 
at  an  early  age.  ami  coiiliiHicd  in  that  avocation 
imtil  18(ir>,  when  he  came  to  the  Tuited  States, 
l)roceeding dire<-tly  to  Mimiesota.  Knur  .\ears  he 
was  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  his  traile  in  dilTer- 
ent  parts  of  the  stale,  thenco  came  to  Miuncapn- 
lis.  In  1874,  he  openccl  an  establisliiiiinl  and  lias 
since  been  very  successful  in  the  mainil'actnrc  of 
iHKits  and  shoes.  .\Ir.  Ilamnstrom  was  married 
in  18(5(1  to  Miss  IJarbara  Lar.soni.  of  Sweden. 
They  have  four  I'hilchcn.  I'rcstoii.  Daviil.  I,\(lia 
anil  Kli7.abetli. 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


557 


Richard  Hankinson  was  born  at  Grand  T^apids, 
Micliigan,  in  1!S42.  He  lived  on  a  farm  until 
1861,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Eighth 
Michigan  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was  wounded 
at  "Wilmington  Island  in  1862,  and  was  discharged 
in  1863,  on  account  of  his  wounds.  He  re-enlisted 
in  the  Thirteenth  Michigan  Light  Artillery  and 
served  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  186.")  and  entered  the  service  of  the 
Korth-westem  Telegraph  company,  and  has  since 
been  in  their  employ.  He  was  line  builder  and 
repairer  foiu-  years;  for  three  years  was  superin- 
tendent of  construction,  and  since  has  been  as- 
sistant general  superintendent.  He  organized  the 
Korth-western  Telephone  Exchange  company  in 
1878.  and  was  elected  general  manager,  serving 
as  such  until  March  1880. 

Samuel  F.  Hance,  physician  and  surgeon,  was 
born  at  Macedon,  Wayne  county.  New  York, 
July  1st,  1825.  He  was  educated  at  Canandaigua, 
JS'ew  York,  also  at  W'esleyan  University  of  Lima. 
He  studied  and  graduated  as  M.  D.  at  the  Albany 
Medical  College,  and  has  been  in  continuous 
practiie  since.  In  1862.  he  entered  the  army  as 
surgeon  of  the  Eighty-ninth  Illinois  Infantiy,  and 
was  successively  promoted  brigade  surgeon,  and 
division  medical  director,  in  (ieneral  McCook's 
corps.  On  account  of  ill-health,  he  served  only 
two  years.  He  located  at  Miimeapolis,  in  1872, 
and  has  practiced  here  since.  Dr.  Hance  is  a 
member  of  the  State  Medical  Society  of  ^linue- 
sota.  He  and  Miss  Sarah  Wright  were  united  in 
matrimony,  in  18.55.  They  have  one  child,  ICliz- 
abeth. 

George  A.  Hanson  was  born  at  Southbridge, 
Worcester  county,  Massachusetts,  in  1842.  He 
received  an  academic  education  and  a  coiu'se  in 
Thomp.son.  Connecticut,  College.  In  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  Cnmiiauy  II,  Fifty-lirsl  M;issachusetts 
nine-months"  volunteers,  and  was  discharged  at 
the  expiration  of  the  time.  After  his  discharge 
he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  Itusiness  until  com- 
ing to  Miiuieapoli.s,  in  1875.  The  next  year  he 
was  employed  as  general  agent  of  the  Norristown 
agricultural  works  until  1878,  when  he  enteri^d 
the  Minneai)olis  Harvester  works,  as  general  su- 
perintendent, where  he  has  since  remained.  Mr. 
Hanson's  marriage  w  ith  Miss  Carrie  Lewis  oc- 
curred at  Southbridge,  August,  1861.  Their 
cliililn'M  now  living  are  George,  Fiankand  Edgar. 


J.  D.  Hanson  was  born  October  .Sdth,  1826,  at 
St.  Stevens,  Charlotte  county.  New  Brunswick. 
At  nine  years  of  age  he  apprenticed  as  a  black- 
smith, and  has  since  engaged  in  the  business. 
He  came  to  ^linueapolis  in  1877,  and  two  years 
later  built  the  shop  he  now  occupies.  Having 
formed  a  partnership  with  his  son,  the  firm  is 
now  known  as  J.  D.  Hanson  and  Son.  He  was 
married  June  13th.  1848,  to  Miss  Susan  Tourtil- 
lott  who  bore  him  four  sons  and  three  daughters. 

J.  W.  Hargraves  was  born  in  New  York,  and 
at  a)i  early  age  moved  with  his  parents  to  Wiscon- 
sin. At  the  age  of  twelve  he  removed  to  Deco- 
rah,  Iowa,  and  w-hile  there  acquired  a  knowledge 
of  milling.  In  1877,  he  removed  to  Lanesboro, 
where  he  remained  three  years;  he  then  came  to 
Minneapolis.  Mr.  Hargraves  was  married  in 
1878,  to  Miss  Augusta  Jordan,  who  bore  him  one 
child,  James  C. 

Ariel  C.  Harris,  attorney  at  law,  wa.s  born  at 
Toledo,  Ohio,  November  30th,  1855.  He  wased- 
ucated  in  the  Toledo  high  school  and  University 
of  California.  He  read  law  in  the  law  depart- 
ment of  Michigan  University  in  the  class  of  1876. 
After  practicing  in  Detroit,  Michigan,  for  a  time 
he  removed  to  Texas,  in  1877,  thence  to  this  city 
in  the  summer  of  1879.  Mr.  Harris  was  mana- 
ger of  the  Saturday  Evening  Spectator  one  year, 
when  he  opened  his  law  office  and  has  since  prac- 
ticed his  profession. 

S.  A.  Harris,  cashier  of  the  North-western  Na- 
tional Bank,  lirst  came  to  this  city  in  1868.  From 
1870  until  April,  1880,  he  held  positions  in  the 
different  banking  iu.stitutions  in  the  city  At 
the  latter  date  he  was  elected  to  his  present  posi- 
tion. 

H.  G.  Harrison  was  born  at  Belleville,  St. 
Clair  county,  Illinois,  April,  1822.  He  remained 
at  his  native  place  until  1859,  when  he  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  engaged  in  lumbering,  and  or- 
ganized the  firm  of  J.  Dean  and  Company.  When 
the  Secmity  Bank  was  established,  Mr.  Harrison 
liecamc  its  vice-president,  which  office  he  has 
since  held,  lie  was  tlie  secciucl  pers(in  wlioen- 
gaged  in  tlie  wliolesale  grocery  liusiness  in  this 
city:  he  opened  with  a  partner.  B.  S.  Bull,  in 
1863.  After  a  period  of  eight  years  a  new  part- 
nership was  formed  with  (ieorge  11.  Newell,  which 
was  dissolved  in  1879.  Mr.  Hamson  was  mar- 
ried in  1847,  to  Miss  Irene  A.  Kobinson,  who  died 


558 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


in  IsTfi.  Tliiir  tliildren  are  Edwin.  George, 
Lewis.  Ilnuli  and  I'eriy.  Mr.  Harrison  remar- 
ried to  Miss  Lizzie  Hunt,  who  bore  him  one  child, 
James  (J. 

Tliomas  A.  Harrison  was  born  in  St.  Clair 
county.  Illinois.  ])e<eniber  IMli.  lull.  He  lived 
on  a  farm  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he 
moved  with  his  father  to  IJelleville,  Hlmois,  and 
worked  in  a  flour  mill  which  his  father  had  pur- 
dia.sed.  In  IMiU.  Mr.  Harrison  removed  to  Min- 
neapolis to  join  his  two  brothere  who  had  pre- 
<-e<]ed  him.  Two  yeai-s  later  he  entered  into 
Iiartncrship  with  his  brothei-s.  and  J.  I>ean,  form- 
ing the  well-known  lirm  of  ,J.  Dean  and  Company, 
and  canied  on  an  extensive  lumber  trade.  When 
the  Security  IJank  came  into  existence,  Mr. 
Harrison  was  elected  its  president,  which  i 
liigh  trust  he  still  retains.  His  marriage  with 
Miss  Kebecca  Green  was  solemnized  in  Novem- 
ber. 1K4((.    Four  children  were  born  to  them. 

rhilip  Hartmann.  a  native  of  Ciermany,  was 
born  in  1S4I).  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
ls.')4.  locating  in  Scott  county,  Minnesota.  Ten 
years  hitcr  he  removed  to  Minncai>olis,  where  he 
was  employed  in  Morrison  Urothers"  saw-mills, 
until  1ST4,  when  he  opened  a  saloon,  billiard-hall 
and  summer  gardens,  at  his  present  location.  Mr. 
Hartmann  married  Katie  I'auly.  in  1872,  wlio 
bun-  liinj  live  cliildren.  Those  living  are: 
Adolph.  I'liilip  and  Amiie. 

Charles  C.  Haslmw.  a  native  of  France,  was 
born  in  \sa:^.  He  became  familiar  with  the  ma- 
chinist's trade,  in  his  native  country.  In  1862, 
he  came  lo  America  and  superintended  several 
copIM-r  mines  on  I>ake  Siiiwrior.  He  invested 
largely  In  mining  stock,  bul  In  the  linaiicial  i>anic 
after  llie  war.  he  Inst  hca\il.\  and  was  jctt  dcstl- 
liitc.  Ili'walkril  lii'Mi  l.a  licllc  to  lloiii,'liloii. 
hixly-eight  mill's,  then  went  by  boat  to  (irccn 
Hay,  thence  lo  Chicago,  where  he  found  employ- 
ment, which  was  furnished  liiiii  by  the  North- 
weslern  Manufaclining  Company.  In  1  Kilo,  he 
came  to  Miiiiirap<ilis.  and  was  engaged  as  fore- 
man in  (lie  Minneapols  lorn-Works  ten  years, 
then  liegan  business  for  him.self  once  more.  Mr. 
Ha.show  married  Miss  Mary  Crickler,  in  18(>6. 
Tlii-ir  iblldreii  are:  Charles  anil  l,ouise. 

W.  II.  Hastings  was  born  in  ICImira,  Chcnnuig 
county,  New    York,     lie  came  west  with    his  ] 
pan-nlH  who   located    at    Itcd    Win^'.  Minnesota. 


Here  he  remained  and  was  engaged  si.x  years  In 
the  llo\uing  mills.  After  pursuing  his  trade,  in 
the  states  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  he  re- 
turned to  ilinnesota  and  was  employed  in  the 
Galaxy  mills  of  this  city,  as  stone  dresser.  He 
was  married  May  .Slith.  1H7],  to  Jliss  Bessie  Ken- 
dall.    Tliey  are  iiarcnls  of  one  child,  Uernice. 

Henry  llauscliijil.  a  native  of  Germany,  was 
born  in  isis.  He  came  to  America  in  ISfi",  and 
lived  two  years  in  southern  ^Minnesota,  when  he 
removed  to  this  city.  In  the  spring  of  1880,  he 
became  proprietor  of  the  present  sample  room  and 
l)illiard  hall.  Mr.  Ilauschild  and  Miss  Jennie 
Stremel  were  married  in  IS72.  They  have  two 
children,  O.scar  and  John. 

Jacob  Hauser  was  bom  in  Germany  in  1829. 
He  came  to  the  T'nited  States  in  18.53,  locating 
lirst  in  Wisconsin  ;  during  the  same  year  he  went 
to  California,  where  he  remained  three  years, 
when  he  came  to  JSIinneapolis  and  at  once  opened 
a  grocery  store.  He  is  one  of  the  oldest  grocers 
in  the  city.  Mr.  Hauser  was  married  in  1857,  to 
Catherine  Ilolloran,  a  native  of  Ireland.  Their 
children  are  Catherine.  .loliaima  and  John. 

.1.  V.  Hause  was  born  at  Tyrone.  Schuyler 
comity,  New  York.  July  12th  IS.")0.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  1S70.  and  after  working  three 
years  for  Mr.  lleffcltinger  became  his  partner  in 
the  boot  and  shoe  trade.  Two  years  later  he 
opi  HI  il  a  shoe  store  and  in  l.s7-").  sold  a  share  to 
Mr.  Davis;  this  lirm  continued  until  .Vpril.  1880, 
when  ^Ir.  Davis  sold  and  was  succeeded  by  Mr. 
Chesnut.  The  lirm  is  now  known  as  llanscand 
Chesnut. 

E.  P.  llawllionr.  iitircil.  was  born  at  Hunting- 
ton, New  Vork.  In  18-12.  He  came  to  St.  I'aul  in 
18()l.anil  innni'diately  opened  a  I'arni  of  KiU  acres 
in  Hiclilield.  Hennepin  count \ .  1  le.  how  e\er.  still 
resided  in  St.  I'aul.  remaining  there  until  18tili, 
when  he  removed  and  located  on  his  farm.  There 
he  remained  ten  years  at  the  expiration  of  which, 
he  removed  with  his  family  to  Mimieapolis  and 
rented  the  farm,  which  he  still  owns.  .Mr.  Haw- 
thorne and  .Miss  liebecea  (iiles  were  married  in 
18Uli.  Their  children  are  Meredith,  Harry  and 
William. 

W.  I'.  Hawthorne  was  born  in  Westchester 
county.  New  Vork.  in  |8H7.  He  located  in  Henry 
coinitN.  Illinois,  in  ls.')'.i.  where  be  engaged  in 
farming  two  years.     In   IMJ2.  he  enlisted   in  the 


BIOGBAFHICAL. 


569 


Nineteenth  Illinois  volunteers  and  served  three 
years.  He  participated  in  some  of  the  most  noted 
engagements.  After  liis  discharge  in  1865,  he 
came  to  2tIinnesota,  locating  on  a  farm  in  Kich- 
fleld,  where  he  remained  thirteen  .vears.  He  then 
removed  to  Minneapolis  and  entered  the  flouring 
mill  business  and  built  the  Trades  mill  in  com- 
pany with  his  brother,  1).  M.  Hawthorne,  in  1»79. 
Mr.  Hawthorne's  mariiage  to  Miss  Ellen  Shark 
took  place  in  186.5.  Their  children  are  Nor- 
man and  Ellen. 

John  Hayes,  born  in  June,  1819,  is  a  de- 
scendant of  AV'illiam  Hayes  and  Julia  Kyan,  of 
Ireland.  lie  came  to  America  in  1847,  remain- 
ing a  short  time  in  New  York,  then  came  to 
St.  Anthony,  in  18.56.  Mr.  Hayes  was  one  of  the 
early  settlers,  and  was  obliged  to  endiue  the 
hardships  of  pioneer  life.  He  pursued  his  avoca- 
tion, that  of  a  carpenter  until  ^lay.  18bl,  when  he 
engaged  in  the  grocery  business  in  which  he  hks 
since  continued.  Mr.  Hayes  was  married  in 
Chicago,  July  8tli,  1855,  to  Miss  Margaret  Hardy. 
They  have  eight  children,  all  of  whom  are  living 
at  home  except  two  daughters,  who  are  at  the 
convent  in  St.  Paul. 

},l.  P.  Hajes  was  born  at  Limerick,  Maine,  in 
1829.  He  went  to  Brighton,  Massachusetts, 
■where  he  was  employed  as  salesman  in  a  meat 
market,  remaining  about  seven  years.  In  the 
fall  of  1854,  he  came  to  St.  Anthony  and  opened 
a  meat  market  which  he  kept  until  1865,  when  in 
company  with  H.  M.  Martin,  he  established  the 
old  St.  Anthony  Iron  Works.  In  1876,  they  took 
another  partner.  C.  R.  Bushnell,  and  continued 
business  until  1879,  when  their  works  were  des- 
troyed by  fire.  In  1876,  Mr.  Hayes  in  company 
with  T.  F.  Andrews  built  tlie  block  occupied  by 
N.  B.  Harwood  and  company.  Three  years  later 
they  built  four  elevators.  Mr.  Hayes  was  mar- 
ried at  Eimerick.  Maine,  in  1855,  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Stinison.  Their  children  are  Ellen  E.,  Car- 
rie A.,  Emma  and  Frank  M. 

George  Hayford  was  born  at  Farmersville,  Cat- 
araiigus  county.  New  York,  in  1843.  He  came 
to  this  city  in  1865.  and  was  cmiiloycd  by  Judd 
and  Brackett  in  the  Washburn  B  mill,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  tljc  different 
mills  of  the  city,  occupying  the  position  of  head 
miller,  grinder,  and  stone-dresser.  Mr.  Hayford 
was  married  to  Miss  Ardilla  Stillnian   ImMi  his 


old  home  in  New  York,  in  1864.  They  have  one 
child. 

O.  F.  Ilaynes  was  born  November  7th,  1845,  at 
Wilmington,  Vermont.  He  learned  the  trade  of 
blacksmith,  and  since  his  locathig  in  Minneapolis, 
has  been  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  his  avocation. 
He  was  married  November  12tli,  1865.  to  Angie 
E.  Bowen,  born  at  Jamaica,  Vermont,  in  1848. 
They  have  two  children.  Lillian  A.,  and  Fred- 
die E. 

Lambert  Hays,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom 
December  25th,  1841.  He  came  to  Albany,  New 
York  with  his  parents,  where  they  lived  three 
years.  After  living  five  years  in  Wisconsin,  he 
removed  to  St.  Anthony,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  bakery  business  in  which  he  continued  tmtil 
1871.  He  then  opened  his  First  and  Last  Chance 
sample  room  at  his  present  location.  He  has  also 
been  a  member  of  the  city  fire  department  sev- 
eral years.  Mr.  Hays  was  married  In  1864.  Their 
children  are,  Katie,  Theodore,  Lamliert,  Lizzie, 
Joseph,  Mary,  and  Albert. 

James  II.  Hazer  was  born  at  Albany,  New 
York,m  1838.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  engineering  at  Troy,  New  York", 
where  he  remained  until  1857,  when  he  went  to 
Hartford,  Connecticut.  In  1862  he  enlisted  in 
the  First  Connecticut  Cavalry,  and  was  with  the 
army  of  the  Potomac  imtil  1865,  when  he  was 
discharged.  In  1874  he  removed  to  Minneapolis, 
and  took  charge  of  the  Monitor  Plow  Works  en- 
gine four  years ;  then  of  the  Nicollet  House  engine 
until  November,  1879,  since  which  time  he  has 
had  control  of  the  Corliss  engine  at  elevator  "A." 
Mr.  Hazer  was  married  to  Miss  ^Vimie  Travis,  of 
Madelia,  Minnesota,  in  1865.  Their  children  are 
Frank  and  Clarence. 

Fred  Ileckricrh,  born  in  1843,  is  a  native  of 
Germany.  He  came  to  this  city  in  1867,  and  for 
six  years  was  engaged  as  a  painter.  Since  tliat 
time  he  has  been  the  proprietor  of  his  present 
restaurant  and  samjile  room.  For  several  years 
he  lias  l)een  a  member  of  the  lire  department. 
Mr.  Heckrich  was  married  in  1869,  to  Caroline 
Figge,  who  bore  biin  three  chlldi'cn  :  Frcildie, 
Charles,  and  Mattie. 

Edwin  I ledderly,  deceased,  one  of  the  earliest 
l)ioneers,  was  l)orn  in  Philadeliiliia.  I'ciiMsylvania, 
in  1814.  He  was  cugagcil  in  rMcrcaiililc  jiursiiits 
ill  bis  native  place  until  Is46,  when  he  Incalcd  in 


560 


HISTORY  OF  HENKEPIX  COUNTY. 


Jiiilianapolis,  Indiana,  and  was  connected  with  I 
the  business  interests  of  that  place.  In  1849  he 
cunie  to  St.  Anthony,  which  at  that  time,  like  St. 
I'aul,  was  only  an  Indian  trading  post.  In  1851 
he  took  a  claim  of  one  hiindieil  and  sixty  acres 
in  what  is  now  known  a.s  West  Miinieapolis.  lie 
was  connected  with  the  various  committees  ap- 
pointed for  the  ])uriK)se  of  namiiiR  and  laying  out 
the  streets  and  boundaries  of  this  city.  His  first 
business  experience  here  was  in  the  lirm  of  Iled- 
derly  and  Chambers,  grocers;  next  as  Iledderly 
and  Koach.  hardware  dealers  i  then  as  Iledderly 
and  Vronian.  and  last  as  K.  Iledderly.  druggist, 
in  which  business  he  continued  until  his  death 
in  .lune,  1880.  He  was  prominently  connected 
with  the  interests  of  this  locality  for  thirty-one 
years.  He  was  married  to  Mary  J.  Keiuiard.  of 
I'hiladelphia.  Their  living  children  are  :  Ange- 
line  K.,  Knima.  Theresa  J.,  (ieorge  W..  Edwin 
r..  Charlotte  C,  Thomas  L..  Alfred  H..  Daniel 
(;..  and  Josie  J. 

I).  G.  Iledderly,  son  of  one  of  llie  earliest  pio- 
neers of  this  region,  was  bom  in  Minneapolis, 
March  With.  IK-W.  where  he  has  always  lived. 
After  receiving  his  education.  Mr.  Ileiiderly  was 
einjiloyeil  by  the  Trades  Manufacturing  Company 
as  harness  maker,  until  he  became  familiar  with 
the  trade;  afterward,  by  (ieorge  Calladine.  In 
1875  lie  opened  a  grocery  store,  and  has  since 
been  having  a  fine  trade.  Mr.  Iledderly "s  mar- 
riage with  hilllan  A.  Foster  was  solemnized  in 
1877.     They  have  one  ilaughter;  Zetta  V. 

T.  L.  Iledderly  was  born  in  this  city,  April 
2d.  185:2,  and  Wius  a  son  of  the  old  pioneer,  Edwin 
Hcdderh  .  and  is  oni-  of  the  first  white  boys  born 
in  tills  locality.  Mr.  Iledderly  received  his  ed- 
ucation ill  Miiinea|iolis,  and  studied  dentistry 
with  Doctor  llowman.  which  luiifession  he  h.is 
practiced  six  years.  He  was  mariied  in  1875, 
to  Miss  Jessie  Mctiregor,  of  Uhu'k  Hiver  Falls, 
Wisconsin.  Their  chiliiren  are:  Diincan.  Hoy 
aii<l  Kdwiii. 

N.  M.  H  <•(  1st  roll  1.  born  in  I84.H,  is  a  native  of 
Sweden.  He  emigrated  to  America,  in  1809. 
lieiiig  a  miller,  he  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the 
lirm  of  Crocker.  Fisk  and  Company,  occupying 
the  iNihition  of  shipper  in  the  Miiinea|iolis  mill 
for  ten  years.  Mr.  Hedstroin  was  married  in 
1H7H.  to  Miss  Ellen  Nelson,  who  bore  him  two 
children:  Kiiiilv  and  Charles. 


C.  B.  Heffelfinger  \\:is  Imni  in  (  unilierlaiid 
county.  Pennsylvania.  .laiiuary  13th,  18M4.  He 
came  to  Minneapolis,  in  l.s57.  where  he  engaged 
in  various  pursuits  until  1861.  when  he  responded 
to  the  first  call  for  volunteers,  by  enlisting  in  the 
First  Minnesota  Infantry,  Company  I).  He  was 
promoted,  for  gallant  conduct,  to  the  office  of 
second  lieutenant,  first  lieutenant  and  capt^un 
successively.  In  1864  he  was  mustered  out.  but 
in  1865  he  was  tendered  the  commission  of  ma- 
jor of  the  First  Minnesota  Artillery,  by  Governor 
^Miller,  which  he  accepted  and  ser\'ed  as  such 
until  mustered  out  in  October.  1865,  at  Fort 
Snelling.  Mr.  Ileffellinger  engaged  in  the  boot 
and  shoe  business,  in  1866.  with  Mr.  AValker, 
under  the  name  of  Walker  and  Heffelfinger. 
Four  years  later  he  bought  Mr.  Walker's  interest, 
and  in  1873,  in  company  with  others,  he  organ- 
ized the  North  Star  Hoot  and  Shoe  Company, 
and  has  been  its  manager  since  its  organization. 
Mr.  IlelTellinger  was  married,  in  1863,  to  Alary 
E.  Totton.  Their  children  are:  Alfred,  WilUam, 
Frank,  Mai-y,  Fannie  Charles  and  Annie. 

C.  A.  H-nVllingcr  was  born  in  Cumberland 
county,  I'cnnsN  Ivaiiia.  .March  8th,  1850.  He  lirsl 
located  pennaniiitly  in  Minneapolis,  in  1866,  en- 
gaging with  the  firm  of  Walker  and  Hefl'elfinger. 
boot  and  shoe  dealers,  one  of  the  lirm.  Major 
Ilell'elfinger,  being  his  brother.  He  succeeded 
the  firm,  in  1874.  as  sole  proprietor  and  has  since 
contiiuied  in  the  same  line  of  business.  He  is 
also  a  partner  in  the  lirm  of  Helfcllingcr  and 
Kingman,  of  Hed  Wing,  Minnesota.  He  was 
married  in  August,  1879,  to  Carrie  H.  King, 
daughter  of  W.  S.  King, of  this  city. 

Frank  llefli  was  born  in  Switzerland.  .luiie 
Hull.  Isl  I.  lie  was  cducatcil  in  his  native  coun- 
try, ill  llie  universities  of  Zurich  and  .Miicnchen; 
he  studied  lucdicine  five  years  at  these  universi- 
ties, and  graduated  at  "Kanton  (ilarns,"  Switz- 
erland, with  degree  of  "M.  D.,""  in  18''i8.  Doctor 
llcfti  laiuc  to  the  United  States  in  1874.  locating 
ill  Wisconsin,  where  he  remained  two  years. 
He  llicii  located  in  Miiiiieapnlis.  wliiic  he  has 
been  ill  (•oiiliniious  practice.  Doctor  llefti  was 
married  in  1S7I,  to  .\iiiia  Bliiiner.  of  Swit/crland. 
Their  children  are  Harbara  and  Katie. 

■I.  Hefty,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was  boni 
April  liHth,  183;<.  lie  came  to  the  I'liited  States 
in  18.Waiid  liK'utcd  in  Illinois.     .Vflcrafcw  yeai"s 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


561 


lie  removed  to  Eau  Claire.  "Wisconsin,  where  he 
remained  until  1S6S;  then  removed  to  ^linneapo- 
lis,  and  in  1869  opened  a  grocery  store  in  which 
he  has  since  continued.  He  was  married  in 
Switzerland,  in  IStiO,  to  Barbara  Colby.  They 
have  eight  children:  Emma,  Ella,  Andrew,  Fred, 
Julia,  Xick.  Frank  and  George. 

W.  H.  Ilelfrich  was  born  in  Lehigh  county, 
Pennsylvania,  March  21st,  1848.  He  remained 
with  his  parents  until  1864,  when  he  removed  to 
Logansport,  Indiana,  and  engaged  in  milUng, 
continuing  there  five  years.  He  then  came  to 
Jliimeapolis  and  secured  a  situation  with  Tom- 
linson  and  Tiffany,  at  the  Arctic  mill  as  second 
miller.  He  was  engaged  in  the  mills  of  the  city 
a  number  of  years,  when  he  took  the  position  of 
head  miller  in  the  Empire  mill,  January  14th, 
1877,  which  position  he  still  holds.  Mr.  Ilelfrich 
was  married,  May  2otli,  1877.  to  Miss  Xellie  Legg 
who  bore  him  one  child,  Mabel. 

John  Ileinrich,  of  the  firm  of  lilueller  and 
Heinrieh,  was  born  in  1829.  He  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  18.5.3.  locating  at  Galena,  Illinois,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  meat  business  one  and  one-half 
years.  He  removed  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wiscon- 
sin, remaining  seven  years  in  market  business 
and  boarding  house.  He  removed  to  Minneapolis 
in  1865,  and  had  control  of  a  meat  market  eight 
years,  going  into  partnership  with  Mr.  ilueller  in 
the  brewery  in  1874.  He  married  Minnie  Bor- 
chert  in  1858.    They  are  parents  of  five  children. 

Frank  E.  Ilesler,  son  of  Alexander  and  Helen 
Hesler,  was  bom  at  Galena,  Illinois,  April  3d, 
1851.  In  18o4,  moved  with  his  parents  to  Chi- 
cago, Illinois,  where  he  resided  until  18(i9,  when 
he  removed  to  Evaiiston.  Illinois.  He  entered 
the  Northwestern  University,  and  in  1872  he 
accepted  a  position  as  division  engineer  on  the 
Prophetstown  extension  of  the  Cliicago,  Burling- 
tod  and  Quincy  Railway.  In  the  following  year 
he  began  his  joumalistic  career  upon  the  repor- 
torial  staff  of  the  Cliicago  Post.  December  1st, 
1873,  Mr.  Hesler  removed  to  Minneapolis,  as  city 
editor  of  the  Evenuig  Times.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  about  two  years  spent  in  travel,  Mr.  Hes- 
ler has  been  engaged  in  journalism  for  tlic  past 
seven  years.  When  the  Daily  Evening  Journal 
was  re-organized,  he  was  appointed  city  editor, 
and  now  occupies  that  position.     He  was  married 

to  Ada  V.  Reid,  only  daughter  of   Hon.  A.  M. 
36 


Reid,  December  loth,  1874.  In  June,  1851,  Mr. 
Ilesler's  parents  with  their  babe,  visited  St.  An- 
thony, and  held  Frank  under  the  spray  of  the  then 
primitive  falls.  A  bystander  at  the  time,  re- 
marked, "AVlio  knows  but  that  some  day  this 
may  be  the  site  of  a  great  city,  and  that  this  babe 
may  not  come  here  to  live."  The  prophecy  has 
been  verified. 

J.  H.  Henderson  was  boin  in  Livingston 
county,  New  York,  February  4th,  1829.  He  came 
to  St.  Anthony  in  1852;  in  a  few  weeks  here- 
moved  to  Anoka  and  assisted  in  Imilding  the  first 
dam  across  Rum  river.  He  remained  at  ^Vnoka 
sixteen  years.  In  1861  he  enlisted  and  served  one 
year  in  the  war.  In  1869  he  came  to  Minneapolis 
and  engaged  in  the  grocery  business ;  also  dealt 
in  lime,  feed  and  cement,  in  which  business  he 
continued  four  years,  then  opened  a  sale  and 
livery  stable  at  his  present  location.  Mr  Hen- 
derson married  Ann  J.  Kurn,  of  Livingston  coun- 
ty, New  York,  in  1855.    They  have  one  child. 

J.  W.  Henion  was  born  at  Plymouth,  Wayne 
county,  Michigan.  April  sth,  1832.  When  yet  a 
child  he  accompanied  liis  parents  to  New  York, 
where  he  remained  until  1S54,  when  he  came  to 
Minnesota  and  located  at  Anoka.  When  the  St. 
Paul  and  Pacific  railroad  was  built  through  Ano- 
ka, Mr.  Henion  accepted  the  position  of  station 
agent.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  agent  at  St. 
Anthony,  where  he  served  until  a  station  was 
establislied  on  the  west  side  when  he  took  cliarge 
of  it  in  1867  and  held  the  position  of  general  station 
agent  until  January  1st,  1880.  Mr.  Henion  is  one  of 
the  oldest  station  agents  west  of  Chicago,  having 
held  that  office  continually  for  seventeen  years.  In 
1878  he  was  treasurer  and  one  of  the  directors  of 
the  Street  Railway  company.  Mr.  Henion  was 
married  at  Anoka,  January  1st,  1857,  to  Miss 
Emily  Robbins.    They  have  one  child,  Grace. 

C.  Henry,  foreman  of  Hose  Company  No.  3, 
was  born  in  Wasliington  county,  Wisconsin, 
in  1845.  He  attended  the  public  schools  until 
1860  when  he  commenced  his  apprenticeship  as 
shoemaker.  In  1864  he  enlisted  in  company  I, 
Thirty-scventli  Wisconsin  volunteers,  and  served 
with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  lie  was  mus- 
tered out  in  1865.  He  soon  settled  in  Wisconsin, 
where  he  followed  his  trade  until  1868,  when  he 
came  farther  west,  locating  in  Minneapolis.  In 
1S71  he  was  appointed  on  the  police  force,  .serving 


562 


lIJSTOIiY  OF  EEXXEriN  COUXTT. 


until  1875.  He  was  appointed  as  foreman  of 
Hose  Company  Xo.  3.  at  the  time  of  its  orRuniza- 
lion  in  1873.  In  ISHG  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Kate  Simple.  Their  children  are,  John,  Annie, 
Andrew  and  William. 

Keniieily  Henry,  a  native  of  Scotland,  was  bom 
at  Ayr,  February.  11th.  1S44.  lie  apprenticed  as 
miller  in  his  native  t<nvn  and  served  six  years. 
He  was  married  to  Miss  Annie  Uoyd,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  in  lH(i(>.  and  embarked  for  America  on 
their  wedding  day.  He  located  at  Chicago,  where 
he  remained  as  a  miller,  three  years,  then  re- 
moved to  Pittsbni-gh.  Pemisylvania.  remaining 
eight  years.  In  April,  1H7H,  he  came  to  Minne- 
ajwlis  and  obtained  a  situation  as  second  miller 
in  the  Excelsior  mill  and  has  since  held  the  same 
position.  He  lias  liad  three  children  born  to  him, 
John.  Kennedy  and  Annie. 

C.  E.  HenshawM.D..  wasbornat  Kirlland.Ohio, 
March  Udtli,  1814.  He  received  his  education  in 
Ohio  and  Kentucky.  He  stiKlieil  nuMlicine  and 
graduated  from  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Xew  York.  He  practiced  his  profes- 
sion in  Clevelanil.  Ohio,  eight  years,  wlien  he  re- 
moved to  Minneapolis,  in  1880,  and  located  his 
olllce  at  101  Washington  Avenue  south.  Dr. 
Ht-nshaw  is  the  fatlier  of  one  chiM,  Emily. 

J.  W.  Ilcrnlund.  of  the  linn  of  Malmsten,  Nel- 
son and  C^impany.  was  born  in  May,  185.5.  and  is 
a  native  of  Sweden.  He  acc<mipariied  his  parents 
to  America,  in  18(}il,  locating  at  Ked  Wing.  Min- 
nesota, where  they  remained  until  1871,  when 
they  removed  t<i  Minneapolis.  Mr.  Ileridund 
learned  the  machinist's  trade,  after  which  he  at- 
tended Mucalester  College,  iireparalory  to  a  two 
years'  course  at  the  I'niversity  of  .Minnesota. 
The  death  of  his  fatlier  compelled  him  to  return 
to  the  pursuit  of  his  trade,  and  in  187it  be  bought 
an  interest  in  the  Iniii  of  .Malmsten  and  Nelson, 
and  liiis  since  been  a  member  of  that  firm.  Mr. 
Heriiliind  was  married  in  this  city,  to  Miss  Clara 
llerguesl.  November  I'Jth,  187i<. 

Ilcriry  (J.  Micks  is  a  native  of  New  York,  was 
born  at  \'arysbiirgli.  (ienesee,  now  Wyoming 
county,  January  Kith.  1838.  At  eleven  years  of 
age  be  cominenced  to  learn  tin- harness  trade  with 
his  father.  Al  the  age  of  liflccn.  he  began  tea<'h- 
ing  school,  which  occupation  he  was  engaged  in 
until  IWII.  At  the  jiges  of  fourteen,  llfteen  and 
Hixtecn  be  worked  on  a  farm.     Iliseducation  wiis 


secured  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
stale  and  at  (iiranl.  rennsylvania;  also  attended 
three  summers  at  Oberlin,  Ohio,  wlieie  he  entered 
college  in  1860.  In  1855,  he  removed  to  Fieeport, 
Illinois,  and  in  July.  ISGl.  he  enlisted  in  tlie  Sec- 
ond Illinois  Cavalry,  as  a  private,  in  Company  1); 
was  made  corporal  and  sergeant  of  his  company, 
sergeant  major  and  iidjntant  of  his  regiment. 
He  afterwards  served  as  adjutant  of  the  Seventy- 
lirst  and  Ninety-third  Illinois  Infantry  Hegimenls 
until  February.  18li4.  Was  with  a  squadron  of 
the  Second  Illinois  Cavalry  at  the  battle  of  Fort 
Donaldson,  and  in  the  Ninety-third  Infantry  at 
Kayinond,  Jackson,  Cliaiiipion  Hills,  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg  and  Missionary  Ridge,  being  severely 
wounded  in  the  face  at  the  latter  place.  In  April, 
1S()5.  he  removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  has  since 
made  this  his  home.  He  was  maiTied  May  3d, 
18G4,  to  Mary  Adelaide,  daughter  of  I.  G.  IJeede, 
of  Freeport.  Illinois,  by  whom  he  had  four  chil- 
dren, two  of  whom  are  living,  a  daughter  of 
lifteen.  ^liniiie  Adelaide,  and  a  son  of  twelve, 
Howard  Henry.  His  first  wife  dying  in  July, 
1870,  he  married  again  November,  187o.  Susan- 
nah R.  Fox,  of  Clarion  county,  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  I  licks  was  sheriff  of  Hennepin  county  from 
December.  18(57.  to  January,  1871;  was  city  justice 
of  Minneapolis  lliree  years,  1871-"4.  Has  been 
from  1870,  to  the  present  time,  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  for  soldier's  orphans,  and  i)res- 
ideiit  of  the  board  for  the  last  seven  years.  Was 
a  member  of  the  liouse  of  representatives  in 
1878-'i)  and  'M.  .\t  the  close  of  his  term  as  city 
justice,  in  IS7t.  Iicciiiiiuicnc-ed  the  study  and  prac- 
tice of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1875.  He  is  a  member  of  tlie  law  linn  of 
Cross  and  Hicks. 

Charles  llierhol/.er  was  born  in  Germany.  No- 
vember lid.  18:2s.  He  aciiiiired  a  knowledge  of 
shoeinaklng.  in  his  native  country,  and  (continued 
in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade  until  1849,  when  he 
emigrated  to  the  I'liited  States,  locating  first  at 
St.  Louis.  The  next  year  he  removed  to  Missis- 
sippi, where  he  remained  one  year,  thence  to 
Louisiana.  Here  he  made  his  home,  until  1855, 
when  he  ii'iiKived  to  St.  Antliony  and  the  next 
year  opened  a  boot  and  shoe  store,  and  is  jiroba- 
bly  one  of  the  oldest  iii'ii  in  tlie  liusiiiess,  in  the 
I'ity.  Mr.  Hierhol/er  was  married,  in  1H.")4.  to 
Margiierita  IJerger,  of  (iermany.     Their  children 


BIOGBArmCAL. 


563 


are:    Ellen,  August,  Mary,  Charles,  Frank  and 
Adolph. 

O.  A.  Ililgermann  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Bos- 
ton furniture  liouse.  This  liouse  was  established 
in  September,_1880,  as  a  brancli  of  O.  A.  Ililger- 
mann's  establislunent  at  Chicago.  The  walnut 
furniture  is  manufactured  by  this  house  and  sold 
on  Chicago  price  list.  Mr.  E.  Bundscliuh  has  the 
management  of  the  ]SIinneapolis  house,  which  is 
located  at  405  Washington  Avenue  soutli. 

r.  C.  Hill  was  born  in  Vermont,  1850.  In  1870 
he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  remained  one  year, 
when  he  returned  to  A^ermont,  and  engaged  in  the 
hotel  business  a  few  years,  then  removed  to 
Cambridgeport,  Massachusetts.  In  1876,  he  re- 
turned to  this  city  and  was  employed  by  the 
Street  Raihvay  Company  two  years,  when  with 
his  brother,  F.  K.  Hill,  he  opened  the  Chicago 
House. 

F.  K.  Hill,  in  company  with  his  brother,  is 
proprietor  of  the  Chicago  House,  of  this  city.  He 
was  bom  in  Vermont,  1855.  He  went  to  Boston, 
1873,  where  for  several  years  he  was  in  the  res- 
taurant business.  In  1876,  he  came  to  this  city 
and  was  in  the  employ  of  the  Street  Railway 
Company,  and  since,  in  the  above  named  house, 
■with  his  brother.  Married  Mary  Cavanaugh  in 
1878;  they  have  one  child. 

Francis  Hill  was  born  at  Rochester,  New  York, 
September  11  til,  1836.  He  learned  milling  with 
his  brother.  Ichabod,  and  has  been  with  him, 
through  the  gi'eater  part  of  his  experience.  Mr. 
Hill  lias  been  in  the  employ  of  Mr.  Brackett  one 
year  and  Pillsbury  five  years.  His  marriage  to 
Miss  Julia  Brackett  was  solemnized  March  26th, 
1859.  Their  children  are:  Julia,  Cora,  Mary, 
Clara  and  Lucy. 

Ichabod  P.  Hill,  head  miller  of  Palisade  mill, 
was  bom  at  Westonville.  Xew  York,  December 
18th,  1831.  He  became  a  miller  at  Rochester, 
New  York,  and  spent  ten  years  in  Rochester  and 
Oswego.  He  came  West  in  1854.  located  in  St. 
.iVnthony,  and  worked  in  the  old  Minnesota  mill, 
being  engaged  in  milling  live  years;  he  then  con- 
ducted the  Nicollet  House  one  year,  wlien  he 
sold  out  and  removed  to  Belle  Plaine  and  purchas- 
ed the  Belle  Plaine  mills,  which  were  burned  four 
years  later.  In  1873  he  retumed  to  this  city  and 
was  engaged  as  stone-dresser,  and  since  1875  has 
been  head  miller.     He  is  probably    the  oldest 


miller  in  the  city.  Mr.  Hill  married  Miss  Agnes 
Bibbiiis,  June  3d,  1858.  Their  children  are  Lola, 
Ichabod,  Dursean,  Blanche  and  Harvey. 

James  W.  Hill,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire, 
was  born  in  1848.  He  enlisted  as  di  iniinici-lio\ 
in  the  war,  and  sened  three  years.  He  attended 
the  Newbury  Seminary,  Vermont,  three  years, 
then  removed  to  Manchester,  New  Hampshire, 
for  the  purpose  of  preparing  for  an  apoth(!cary. 
After  traveling  about,  several  years,  he  came  to 
this  ('ily,  and  engaged  in  the  livery  and  sale  slali!(^ 
business  in  1874.  Mr.  Hill  married  Elizabeth 
Richardson,  who  bore  him  two  children,  Eliza- 
beth and  Charles. 

L.  I).  Hill  was  born  in  Cunilieilaiid  coiuity. 
Maine,  May  19th,  1845.  He  resided  on  a  farm 
until  eighteen  years  of  age,  when  he  enlisted  in 
the  Third  Maine  Battery,  under  Captain  E.  R. 
Mayo.  He  was  with  the  company  until  June, 
1865.  In  August  of  the  same  year,  lie  came  to 
Minneapolis  which  has  principally  been  his  home 
since.  He  is  now  engaged  in  dealing  in  second 
hand  goods,  27  Nicollet  Avenue.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1878  to  Julia  E.  Stouart.  Their  children 
are  Charles  and  Willie. 

George  IJineline,  a  native  of  (Germany,  was 
born  April  3d,  1830.  He  came  with  his  parents 
to  America,  locating  in  Ohio.  He  rcnjoved  in 
1859  to  Minnesota,  and  was  engaged  in  dilicrcut 
parts  of  the  stiite  as  a  miller.  In  1860  he  loca- 
ted in  this  city,  and  secured  a  position  as  head 
miller  with  Perkins  and  Crocker;  he  remained 
with  them  four  years.  In  1872,  he  bought  one- 
third  interest  in  the  Holly  mill,  which  he  .sold 
five  years  later,  and  purchased  one-third  interest 
in  the  Model  mill,  which  interest  he  now  cf)iitrols. 
Mr.  Ilineline  married  Miss  Rosetta  Stewart,  of 
Ohio.  Their  children  are  Margaretta,  Mary, 
Thomas,  Eninia  and  Agnes.  Two  chilclren  have 
died. 

Francis  S.  Hinkle  was  bom  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  August  22d,  1847.  He  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis January  1st,  1878.  Mi-.  Ilinkle  with  his  broth- 
er bought  the  Holly  mill  .May  .Slst,  1878. 

John  Hinton  was  born  at  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land, February  29th,  1832.  He  removed  In  the 
United  States  with  his  parents  in  1845,  who  lo- 
cated at  West  Cambridgf;,  Massachusetts.  He 
served  apprenticeship  in  p:ngland  as  saw  manu- 
facturer.   He  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  1857.  and 


564 


niSTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


was  engaged  in  the  nianiifactiire  of  saws  until 
18(i7.  wlien  lie  removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  pur- 
sued tlie  siinie  business.  He  volunteered  in  tlie 
fire  department  in  1868,  and  was  appointed  fore- 
man of  tlie  steiimer  and  hose  company  Xo.  1.  in 
1877,  which  iKisition  lie  resigned,  lull  remained  a 
meml)er  until  the  organization  of  the  paid  dejiart- 
ment,  in  187i),  when  he  was  appointed  as  first 
pi|M'man.  and  continued  as  such  until  1880.  when 
he  wa.s  again  aiipointed  as  foreman  of  tlie  steamer 
and  hose  company  No.  1.  He  was  married  to 
Miss  Sarah  E.  Locke,  of  Massachusetts,  Febru- 
ary :i8tli.  1S44.    They  have  two  children. 

J.  II.  lliscock  was  born  in  Franklin  county, 
Maine,  in  18.'51.  He  learned  his  trade  of  cabinet- 
maker in  New  York  city,  where  he  remained 
nearly  five  years.  He  removed  to  Waverly.  Iowa. 
ill  May.  1K7(>.  but  sfioii  after  came  to  .Minneapolis 
and  resumed  his  trade,  in  the  employ  of  others, 
until  1879.  The  firm  of  .1.  H.  Hiscock  and  Com- 
jiany  was  then  formed,  which  has  been  in  the  furni- 
ture maniifactiiriiig  business  since.  Mr.  lliscock 
was  married  in  1876,  to  Miss  Kate  Hagget.  Resi- 
dence 422  I'liiversity  Avenue  south-east. 

J.  T.  Hobbs  w;is  born  in  Newark,  New  Jersev. 
in  1842.  At  eleven  years  of  age  he  went  to  Wis- 
consin, and  lived  with  an  uncle  three  years,  when 
he  went  into  the  lead  mines  of  La  Fayette  county. 
in  that  stat<-.  and  was  employed  there  twelve 
years.  He  then  removed  to  Fan  Claire,  and 
|ia.s.sed  eight  years  in  lumbering.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  September.  IH7S.  and  since  that 
time  has  been  engaged  in  milling,  and  is  now 
Hlilpping  clerk  in  the  Trades  mill,  lie  was  mar- 
ried ill  August,  1K7:{.  to  Miss  Sarah  .1.  Ilaiies. 

Ilemy  Ilobine  was  iKini  April  121li.  1H44,  at  SI. 
I»uis,  Missouri.  He  has  been  engaged  as  a 
mill-wright  for  twelve  yeai-s  in  I'tiili  and  Wyo- 
ming territories  and  states  of  Kansas  and  Mis- 
Hoiiri.  In  1872,  he  localeil  in  Minneapolis,  and 
IinH  lussisted  in  putting  in  machinery  in  nearly 
all  the  mills  of  this  city,  erected  since  then.  He 
liHH  Iweii  in  the  North-western  iiiill  since  Septeni- 
Imt.  18711.  In  IHiil.  he  enlisled  in  the  Seveii- 
tifiith  Missouri  Killemen,  known  as  the  St.  I<ouis 
Turners^  ser\<'<l  three  and  one-half  years  and 
|iarticipat«-d  in  a  number  of  the  principal  cmi- 
(licli*:  he  wa.H  discharged  in  heceiiiber.  I8(i.'(.  He 
married  Mi.ss  Luretta  SafTell  in  1875.  They  have 
one  child,  .lohn  H. 


F.  J.  Hodges  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1848.  He 
enlisted  in  the  Thirly-second  Wisconsin  Volun- 
teers in  18()2.  and  was  discharged  in  June,  18(>.5. 
He  went  to  Fond  du  Lac  and  worked  in  the  lumber 
mills  until  he  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1875,  since 
which  time  he  lias  been  eiiiployeil  in  the  planing 
mills  of  this  city.  lie  has  been  with  the  Union 
mills  as  superintendent  since  January,  1880. 
He  married  Miss  Emma  Martin  in  1869.  They 
have  one  child.  Ilattie  A. 

George  llolehuuse  is  a  native  of  Lower  Can- 
ada. At  ten  years  of  age  he  accompanied  his 
parents  to  the  Fiiited  States,  locating  at  Buffalo, 
New  York.  I'pon  reaching  manhood,  he  served 
an  apprenticeship  as  machinist  and  mill-wright. 
He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1S62,  engaged  in  the 
pursuit  of  his  trade  several  months,  and  enlisted 
in  August  of  the  same  year,  and  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war,  in  the  Seventh  Minnesota  Uegi- 
ment.  After  his  discharge,  he  removed  to  Red 
Wing  and  reniained  six  years,  when  he  went  to 
Iowa.  In  1878.  he  located  in  this  city,  and  has 
been  employed  in  Uic  iilaHnini  niills  much  of  the 
time  since.  lie  nianii'd  Miss  Louisa  Blakie,  of 
Hed  Wing,  in  1S(17. 

Charles  Holmberg,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was 
born  in  1840.  He  came  to  America  in  1871,  lo- 
cating at  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  where  he  wasem- 
liloyed  in  a  lUniring  mill.  lie  removed  to  this 
city  in  1873,  and  secured  a  situation  in  the  Min- 
neapolis mill  of  Crocker,  Fisk  and  Company, 
since  which  lime  he  has  remained  with  the  same 
lirni  and  now  occupies  the  position  of  stone 
dresser  and  miller. 

H.  W.  Holmes  was  born  in  Allegheny  City, 
I'ennsylvania.  .laniiary  llli.  184.").  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  ls')S.  He  engaged  in  sleam- 
boaling  on  Ihe  Minnesota,  Mississiiiiii  ami  I!ed 
Rivers  until  1S77,  with  the  exeeplioii  ot  live 
years,  during  uliirh  lie  was  engaged  witli  the 
North-western  liiioii  racket  ('onipain  on  the 
Chlpiiewa  river  one  year,  and  in  tlie  milling 
business  at  Wabaslia.  three  years.  In  ls77, 
he  engaged  in  inilling  in  this  city,  in  which 
he  has  since  continued,  lie  married  Miss  Fran- 
ces E.  Hollins,  February  sth.  IsiiO.  Two  chil- 
dren have  been  born  lo  llieni.  I'ayton  H.  and 
Agnes. 

Charles  Es'ans  IIoll  was  born  at  Clinton,  Mas- 
.sachusett.s.     When  eight  yeai-s  of  age  he  moved 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


565 


with  his  parents  to  Cleveland,  where  his  father 
still  resides.  Here  he  received  his  education, 
and  at  sixteen  years  of  age,  he  enlisted  in  tlie 
Sixth  Ohio  Cavalry,  in  which  he  served  tliree 
years,  engaging  in  the  hattles  of  Cross  Keys,  Cul- 
pepper Court  House,  and  numerous  others.  He 
was  honorably  discharged,  at  the  hospital,  at 
City  Point,  Virginia,  at  that  time  and  for  many 
months  after,  being  imder  the  physician's  care. 
He  returned  home  in  1865,  then  removed  to  Bos- 
ton, where  he  was  assistant  superintendent  and 
foreman  of  tlie  iron  works  of  George  T.  Mc- 
Lauthlin  and  Company.  In  1875  he  came  to  this 
city  and  was  employed  as  head  book-keeper  for 
O.  A  Pray,  and  in  1878  became  one  of  the  pres- 
ent firm  of  O.  A.  Pray  and  Company.  While  in 
Cleveland  he  was  in  the  firm  of  Holt,  Kuple  and 
Company,  machinists,  also  firm  of  D.  Holt  and 
Son.  He  was  active  in  organizing  the  Young 
People's  Christian  Association,  of  Cleveland, 
and  was  first  secretary,  then  president  of  the 
same.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Widows  and  Or- 
phans' Protective  (Life)  Association  of  Miinie- 
sota,  and  honorary  vice-president,  for  Minnesota, 
of  the  United  States  Mutual  Accident  Associ- 
ation of  New  York  and  Chicago.  His"  union 
with  Miss  Rebecca  E.  Sherman,  occuiTed  at  Lo- 
well, Massachusetts,  May  6th,  1867,  They  have 
four  daughters:  Alice,  Agnes,  Sophie,  and  Lucy. 
Their  two  sons  are  deceased. 

E.  E.  Holt  \Aas  horn  at  Lebanon,  Connecticut, 
November,  1823.  He  went  to  New  York  city  in 
1837,  and  for  twelve  years  occupied  the  position 
of  book-keeper  tor  J.  W.  and  J.  Morgan,  coal 
dealers;  he  was  also  engaged  by  J.  Odell,  serving 
in  the  same  capacity  two  years.  He  removed  to 
Oswego  county.  New  York,  where  he  opened  a 
general  produce  store;  thence  to  Beaver  Ham, 
Wisconsin,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  drug 
business  twelve  years.  In  1 867  he  removed  to  this 
city  and  under  the  firm  name  of  Treat.  Holt  and 
Company,  began  dealing  in  furniture,  and  at  the 
end  of  one  year  closed  out,  and  was  employed  by 
the  Elevator  Company,  where  he  has  since  re- 
mained. He  was  married  to  Miss  Anna  Tilley 
of  New  Jersey,  in  1843.  Cliildren:  Carrie  W., 
now  wife  of  George  H.  Eastman;  Minnie  X ., 
wife  of  F.  B.  Felt;  and  Hudson  K.  who  died  at 
the  age  of  eight  years. 

Hem-y  Honkomp,  proprietor  of  tlie  Minneap  - 


olis  Cotton  Mill,  came,  to  this  city  in  January, 
1S77,  from  Cliicago,  and  has  been  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  seamless  bags,  carpet  warp,  etc. 
since  his  locating  at  the  foot  of  Sixth  Avenue 
south. 

Frank  Hopper  was  born  at  Oswego,  New  York, 
May  29th,  1853.  He  came  to  McLeod  county, 
Minnesota,  in  IS57,  where  he  remained  two  years, 
removing  thence  to  Cliippewa  Falls,  AVisconsin. 
Two  years  later  he  went  to  Waverly  and  rented 
a  mill  which  he  had  in  control  eight  months, 
when  he  again  changed  his  location  to  Le  Sueur 
and  worked  in  different  mills  until  1876.  He  lo- 
cated in  Mimieapolis  in  tlie  spring  of  1878,  and 
has  since  been  employed  at  the  Anchor  mill.  He 
was  married  June  3d,  1878,  to  Miss  Estella 
Chance,  who  bore  him  one  child,  Albert. 

Frank  J.  Horan,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
in  Galway,  March.  1847.  He  came  to  this  coun- 
try in  1866,  and  remained  in  New  York  city  three 
years,  then  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  has  since 
been  engaged  in  business  as  merchant  tailor.  He 
began  business  with  very  small  capital,  but  by 
perseverance  and  hard  work  he  has  risen  and  now 
has  an  extensive  business,  employing  thirty  per- 
sons. Mr.  Horan  was  married  in  1878,  to  Maggie 
JNLahoney. 

Mrs.  J.  W.  Horan  is  proprietressof  the  Milwau- 
kee House,  situated  at  112  Second  street  south. 
This  house  was  built  l)y  Mr.  J.  W.  Horan.  in  1867, 
who  was  its  proprietor  until  November  6th,  1874, 
when  he  died.  His  widow  has  since  taken  charge 
of  the  house,  which  has  seventeen  rooms,  with 
oflice,  parlor,  dining-room  and  kitchen  on  first 
floor. 

W.  II.  Horner  was  born  in  Washington  county. 
Indiana,  February  2Sth,  1848.  He  accompanied 
his  parents  to  Scott  county,  Minnesota,  in  1854, 
and  remained  with  them,  on  the  farm,  until  he 
reached  manhood.  In  1868  he  removed  to  North- 
field  and  learned  milling,  remaining  one  and  one- 
half  years,  when  he  went  to  Marshall,  Lyon 
county,  and  took  a  claim,  on  which  he  lived  two 
years.  He  then  came  to  Minneapolis  in  Septem- 
ber, 1873,  and  engaged  with  C.  A.  Pillsbury,  where 
he  remained  three  years,  then  went  to  Chippewa 
Falls,  Wisconsin,  returning  the  next  year  and 
again  was  employed  by  Pillsbury  as  packer.  He 
was  married  to  Miss  Dora  La  Roy  in  August, 
1876.    Their  children  are  William  B.  and  Bessie. 


566 


HISJVRY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNJY. 


3.  AV.  Ilorton,  a  native  of  England,  was  bom 
March  2.'^<1.  IS42.  He  came  to  the  I'nited  States 
in  l.s.5(r.  lucatiiig  at  Miniietonka,  Minnesota,  lie 
fanned  nntil  1K61,  wlien  he  enlisted  in  the  United 
States  Sharp  Shooters,  serving  two  and  one-half 
years.  After  his  discharge  he  located  at  Colum- 
bus, Ohio,  remaining  three  years.  In  1867,  he 
came  to  this  city,  and  practiced  as  a  vet<>rinary 
surgeon.  From  July,  IKTo,  until  August,  1880, 
he  was  driver  of  hose  carriage  No.  2.  lie  was 
married  April  17th,  1871,  to  Miss  Julia  A.  Hoy. 
Their  only  child  living  is  Frankie. 

O.  Ilovelson  was  born  February  23d.  18.'?7.  and 
is  a  native  of  Norway.  lie  there  passed  his 
yiuith  and  learned  his  trade,  that  of  shoe- 
maker, llec-imeto  the  United  States  in  1868, 
working  at  his  trade  in  Menomonee,  Wisconsin, 
and  other  places  until  187.3,  when  he  came  to  Jlin- 
nea|Milis  and  after  being  employed  by  boot  and 
shew  lirnis  live  years,  he  opened  a  store  of  his  own 
and  has  continued  in  the  siinie  place  since.  He 
wjis  married  in  18(>8,  to  Carrie  Han.son  of  Norway. 
They  have  four  children,  Oluf,  Hannah,  Hilda, 
and  Kemhard. 

K.  1'.  Howell  was  born  iTi  Alleglieny  cnuiily, 
Pennsylvania,  November  8tli.  1839,  where  he  re- 
sided iMitil  18<)7.  Hctlien  removed  to  Minneapo- 
lis and  (irsl  engaged  with  Walker  and  Heffel- 
(Inger,  lKK)t  and  shoe  dealers,  in  whose  employ  he 
n-mained  tnitil  l^i7.'{.  when  he  became  one  of  tlic 
(Irm  of  IlefTellinger.  Howell  an<l  Conijiany,  at 
Wed  Wing,  and  resided  there  live  years,  when  he 
sold  liis  interest  to  Mr,  Kingman  and  opened  an 
e8t4ibllshnient  at  his  present  location,  1 19  Nicollet 
Avenue.  He  is  doing  a  line  business,  employing 
six  men  in  the  custom  department. 

Michiiel  Hoy,  s|H-cial  city  detective,  was  born 
near  I'liillipslown,  Ireland.  He  came  with  his 
IMirenls  to  America,  in  .March,  1S">3.  Hewaslirsl 
employed  as  a  stone  cutter  in  New  York,  then 
came  west,  locating  at  St.  Anthony  in  18.')7,and 
lalHin-d  on  the  stone  work  of  the  State  Universi- 
ty. He  continued  at  his  trade  initil  the  fall  of 
IHoi),  when  he  went  to  I/iuisiana  as  foreman  on 
the  leveesof  the  Mississippi  river.  The  next  year 
lie  returned  to  St.  Anthony  and  took  the  contract 
for  building  the  Kast  Side  Irish  Catholic  Cliuri'h. 
lie  enlisted  in  the  Tenth  Minnesota  A'olun- 
twrs  and  was  commissioned  s<'con(l  lieutenant  by 
(iovernor  Kanisey.     ]!<■  went  with  Sibley's  ex|ie- 


dition  across  the  plains  in  1883,  and  during  the 
trip  encountered  the  Sioux  Indians  at  different 
places.  At  the  battle  of  Nashville,  December 
15th  and  Kith.  18(i4,  where  he  was  in  command 
of  company  "K."  he  was  wounded  and  was 
honorably  discharged  April,  18f).j,  on  account  of 
his  wounds.  He  returned  to  his  home  and  in 
1867  was  elected  city  marshal  of  St.  Anthony, 
serving  seven  years,  until  the  consolidation  of  the 
two  cities,  since  which  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  police  force,  serving  as  captain  and  chief.  At 
present  he  is  the  city  detective,  which  office  was 
created  for  him  by  the  cDuucil.  Tie  was  married 
in  October,  1860,  to  Miss  Catlierine  (^laly,  at  St. 
Anthony.  They  have  had  twelve  children,  sevea 
of  whom  are  livmg. 

William  Hoy,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
June  25th,  1835.  He  lived  in  his  native  place 
until  fifteen  years  of  age.  In  1850  he  came  to 
America,  locating  at  Brooklyn,  where  he  resided 
two  years,  engage<l  in  marble-cutting.  He  then 
removed  to  Otsego,  New-  York,  where  he  remained 
three  years.  In  1855  lie  came  to  Minnesota,  lo- 
cating at  St.  Antliony,  and  teamed  from  that  city 
to  Little  Falls  with  suiiplies.  Three  years  later 
he  was  emjiloyed  as  assistant  wagon-master  by 
the  governnieiit,  on  the  Spirit  Lake  exjiedilion 
against  the  Indians.  In  l.S(i2  he  joined  the  Tenth 
Minnesota,  serving  under  General  Sibley  against 
the  Indians,  at  Mankato.  Two  years  after,  he 
began  the  house-moving  business,  in  which  he 
has  continued.  He  was  married  August  26th, 
1859,  to  Mi-s.  Mary  Kelly,  a  native  of  Ireland,  by 
whom  he  has  nine  children  :  John,  Ilosaniia, 
Willie,  Agnes,  Josejili,  'rhmiias.  iMJwanl.  (Jeorge, 
and  Christopher. 

11.. I.  Iliiglicsis  M  native  of  Wales,  and  was 
born  ill  Is  16.  He  came  to  America,  locating  in 
Coluiuliia  coiuily.  Wisconsin,  where  he  remained 
seven  years,  then  ri'iuovcd  to  Hlue  Karth  county, 
Minnesota.  He  came  to  this  city  in  the  fall  of 
1K7.'<,  and  worked  in  Symes"  barrel  factory  for  two 
years  and  has  since  then  been  in  the  coo|)ering 
business.  Since  June,  1878,  he  has  been  with  the 
Co-operative  Barrel  Company.  He  was  married 
in  187H,  to  .Miss  ,\uua  McCoriuick.  They  reside 
at  1225  Ninth  street  south. 

Thomas  S.  Hughes  was  boiu  in  Tipjierary, 
Ireland,  in  1829.  His  father  ilit'il  when  he 
was  eight  years  of  age,  when  he,  with  his  moth- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


567 


er  and  three  sisters,  went  to  Liverpool,  Eng- 
land, there  serving  an  apprenticeship  of  five  years 
as  stone-mason  and  brick-layer.  In  1852  he  was 
married,  and  with  wife  and  mother  came  to 
America,  locating  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  lie 
worked  at  his  trade  five  years,  four  of  which 
were  in  the  employ  of  the  Little  Miami  Railroad 
Company.  In  1857.  he  removed  to  Faribault, 
Minnesota,  thence  to  Hastings,  and  after  making 
the  latter  place  his  home  seven  years,  removed  to 
Le  Sueur  county,  on  a  farm.  lie  came  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1866,  and  has  since  resided  here,  engag- 
ing in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade,  under  the  direction 
of  George  McMullin.  Mr.  Hughes  was  married 
in  1852  to  Miss  Sarah  Jones,  who  has  borne  him 
five  children:  Susan  S.,  Edmond  S.,  Katie  E.  S., 
Elizabeth  S.,  and  Tliomas  S.,  Jr. 

James  Hull  was  bom  December  15th,  1836.  and 
is  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia.  He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  April,  1854.  He  worked  at  sliip- 
building  for  thirteen  years  at  Boston,  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  and  Wilmington,  Delaware.  He 
next  was  employed  in  building  sleeping  coaches 
for  the  Jackson  and  Sharp  Car  Company,  remain- 
ing with  them  three  years,  when  he  went  to  Du- 
luth,  and  was  in  the  employ  of  the  railroad  com- 
pany, building  a  depot  and  elevator.  He  remained 
one  year,  then  came  to  Minneapolis,  engaged  as  a 
mill-wright,  in  the  different  mills  of  the  city. 
After  the  explosion.  Messrs.  Hull  and  Parker  re- 
built the  Pillsbury,  Anchor  and  Empire  mills, 
also  the  new  elevator,  in  1879,  in  company  with 
L.  C.  Bisbee.  He  married  Miss  Jennie  M.  Brown, 
in  1868.  They  have  two  children  living:  Harry 
A.  and  Meta. 

H.  II.  Humphrey  was  bom  in  Lorain  county, 
Ohio,  September  16tli,  1814.  He  came  to  Minne- 
sota in  1854,  and  engaged  in  farming  in  Rice 
county;  thence  to  this  city  in  187(i.  and  has  since 
made  this  his  home.  He  was  in  the  employ  of 
Mr.  Bid  well  until  he  entered  into  i)artnersliip  with 
Daggett  and  Bidwell.  He  was  married  in  Au- 
gust, 1864,  to  MissRosie  Bidwell. 

B.  Hunt  was  born  at  Baden,  Germany,  June 
7th,  1834.  lie  came  to  the  United  States,  in 
1854,  locating  at  Lansing,  Iowa,  and  engaged  in 
milling  until  1866,  when  he  came  to  this  city. 
Here  he  engaged  in  milling  one  year,  when  he 
was  appointed  on  the  police  force,  where  he  served 
until  1878,  except  two  years  on  account  of  .sick- 


ness. On  retiring  from  the  force,  he  removed  to 
Oregon,  and  once  more  engaged  as  a  miller,  and 
as  such,  remained  until  August,  1S80,  when 
he  returned  to  this  city  and  became  tlie  proprie- 
tor of  the  Hennepin  House,  214  First  street  north. 
He  was  married  to  Margaret  llirt  in  1860.  They 
have  three  children  living,  Peter  B.,  Kate,  and 
Bernard  X.  Mr.  Hunt  also  owns  the  building  on 
Plymouth  Avenue,  occupied  as  tlie  Bethany 
Home,  which  he  erected  in  1868. 

Samuel  Hunter  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1852,  located  at 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  where  he  learned  the 
trade  of  plumber  and  gasfitter.  Five  years  later 
he  removed  to  Chicago,  thence  to  St.  Louis,  in 
1859,  where  he  resided  until  the  first  call  for  vol- 
unteers, when  he  enlisted  in  the  Third  Missouri 
Infantry.  At  the  expiration  of  five  montlis.  he 
entered  the  United  States  Navy,  and  was  attached 
to  the  navy  yards  at  Cairo  and  Mound  City,  Illi- 
nois, until  the  close  of  hostilities.  He  came  from 
St.  Louis  to  this  city  in  1867;  lie  returned  lliree 
years  later  to  St.  Louis,  wliere  he  remained  three 
years,  then  came  to  this  city  and  located.  He 
was  the  first  plumber  here,  and  at  that  time  were 
neither  gas  nor  water-works.  He  was  married  in 
1861,  to  Miss  Rose  Burns,  of  St.  Louis.  They 
are  parents  of  four  children  living,  Andrew  W., 
Jessie,  John  B.,  and  Samuel. 

George  II.  Huntington  was  bom  in  Green  Lake 
county,  Wisconsin,  in  1848.  He  attended  the 
district  schools  until  1864,  when  he  came  west 
with  his  parents,  locating  in  Dodge  county,  Min- 
nesota. For  five  years  he  attended  the  North- 
western College,  and  taught  school,  when  he  came 
to  Minneapolis,  engaged  in  the  ice  business  with 
Roberts  and  Lum.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year, 
he  was  employed  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and 
St.  Paul  Railroad  as  brakenian;  he  served  in  diff- 
erent positions  in  railroading,  and  was  also  in  the 
coopering  business  until  1878,  when  he  opened 
and  conducted  the  Bushnell  House  on  Fourth 
street,  Miiiucajiolis.  In  May,  1880,  he  was  ap- 
pointed on  the  police  force,  and  is  yet  serving. 
lie  was  married  in  1878,  to  Miss  Sarah  Erickson, 
of  North  Branch,  Minnesota. 

James  Huntington  was  born  iti  Canada  East, 
May  2S)tli,  1818.  He  came  to  Dodge  county,  Min- 
nesota, in  1861.     While  there  built  a  flouring 


668 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


mill,  of  which  he  niis  proiirietor  three  years. 
In  1869  he  iKiiight  the  JJnshiiell  House  in  this 
city,  of  which  he  was  pwprietor  until  1876;  he 
then  removed  to  Hinckley,  Miiniesota,  hut  re- 
turned to  this  city  two  yeare  later.  He 
then  rented  the  Sixth  Avenue  House,  where  he 
ha-s  since  been.  He  was  married  in  ]S4fi,  at 
I^iwell.  Miussachusetts.  to  Miss  Hacliel  C.  Bur- 
bank,  a  native  of  A'erniont.  Their  children  are: 
(Jenrpe  H..  James  H.,  Ahhie  H.,  and  Alice  11.  C. 

James  F.  Huston,  a  native  of  New  Brunswick, 
was  iMini  .May  11th,  1H30.  He  came  to  Minne- 
aiHjlis  in  186-5  and  for  four  yeai-s  had  charge  of 
the  Monitor  I'low  Works.  In  1870  he  formed 
I>artnershii>  with  Mr.  McCrinimon,  with  the  firm 
name  of  Hust«in  and  McCrinnnon,  which  was  dis- 
solved in  one  year.  He  pursued  his  calling  until 
1874  in  this  city,  when  he  removed  to  Kagle  llar- 
Ijor.  Michigan,  where  for  three  years  he  was  in 
the  employ  of  the  govenmient  making  improve- 
ments in  the  harbor.  In  June,  lS7ii,  he  returned 
to  this  city  and  has  since  been  in  the  pm'suit  of 
his  trade.  He  married  Miss  Anna  Ilannes.  in 
iwi'.t.  They  have  live  children  living:  Nicholas, 
Mary  J.,  Anna,  Sarah  and  James. 

E.  A.  Hut<-hins.  M.  1)..  was  born  in  Vermont, 
NovemU'r  14th.  18:ik.  Ills  education  was  secured 
at  different  whools  and  Fort  Kdward  Institute, 
New  ^'ork  ;  he  studied  at  I'lattsburg,  Burlington, 
^'e^nont.  and  at  Berkshire  .Medieval  College,  at 
IMtlslii'ld,  Massachu.setts.  He  )inicticed  in  St. 
J.«iwrcnce  county,  New  York,  until  the  spring  of 
1878,  when  he  came  t«  thi.s  city  and  is  now  per- 
manently located  here.  lie  was  a  mendier  of  the 
SI.  Lawrence  County  .Medii'al  Association  and  is 
nii«  a  niemlwr  of  the  SUil**  Medical  Society.  I  !!• 
wiis  married  in  186.1;  his  wife  died  leaving  one 
ilaughler.  .lennie  C.  In  1867  he  re-niariicd  and 
has  one  daughter  by  his  s<M-ond  wife,(ilal)rielle  E. 

(Jeorge  K.  Huy  was  born  in  Steuben  county. 
New  York,  in  18l!i.  lie  remained  at  the  old 
homestead  initil  isM.  «lien  he  came  west,  locat- 
ing at  Long  I'rairie.  Minnesota,  in  ]hr>'2.  and  the 
next  year  remove<l  (4>  Minnea|M)llH  and  engaged 
in  hunlH-ring:  it  was  he  who  sjiwed  the  first  luni- 
Ikt  on  the  west  side.  In  18.')4  he  was  elected 
n'glMer  <pf  deeds  and  also  Her>'eil  as  superintend- 
ent of  the  .MinneaiMilis  .Mill  Com|iany  imtil  18.')7. 
Me  Wits  elected  justice  of  the  peace  in  18.")8.  and 
alxiut  that  time  built  and  had  charge  of  a  planing 


mill  in  company  with  R.  P.  Russell, on  the  site  of 
the  present  Model  mill.  In  1861  he  built  the 
Dakota  flouring  mill  and  took  as  partner  O.  B. 
King:  in  1866  ^Ir.  I  In  v  became  sole  owner  and 
eight  years  after,  sold  to  S.  S.  Brown  and  com- 
pany. On  account  of  failing  health  he  went  to 
the  Black  Hills,  w^here  he  engaged  in  mining. 
He  married  Miss  Mary  Ticknor,  wlio  died  a  few 
years  after,  leaving  one  daughter,  Mary  E.  He 
was  again  married,  to  Miss  Caroline  Taylor,  who 
bore  him  live  sons,  all  residents  of  this  city: 
George  L.,  Frank,  Albert,  Arthur  and  Douglass. 

L.  Mell  Hyde  was  born  at  Almond.  New  York, 
in  1824.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1857,  and 
published  the  Minnesota  Beacon,  a  temperance 
paper,  and  afterwards  the  Rural  Minnesotian, 
which  was  devoted  to  agriculture,  also  to  the 
temperance  work.  In  the  years  of  1858,'  59,  and 
'60,  he  held  the  jiosition  of  (Jrand  Secretary  of 
the  Good  Temi)lars,  and  was  again  elected  as 
such  in  1880.  His  profession  was  that  of  house 
painting  and  wood  engraving  in  which  he  con- 
tinued eight  years,  tlien  engaged  in  wood  engrav- 
ing only,  at  '222.  Hennepin  Avenue,  lie  mar- 
ried Miss  Annie  H.  Goodrich  in  1860.  They 
are  parents  of  two  diildren:  "William  1^.  and 
Grace  F. 

Valentine  G.  Hush  was  born  in  Licking 
county,  Ohio,  in  isiil.  In  1867,  he  took  the  ad- 
vice offered  to  young  men  by  Horace  (ireely,  and 
came  west,  locating  in  .Minneapolis.  For  two 
years  he  was  engaged  as  clerk,  and  during  that 
time  was  married  to  Florence  M.,  daugliler  of 
Judge  W.  W.  Woods,  of  Marysville.  Ohio.  In 
186!i,  he,  in  coniiiany  with  tliree  other  gentlemen, 
started  the  City  Hank,  and  llnee  years  later,  he 
eslablishecl  Y.  (',.  Iliisli's  Bank,  in  which  he  has 
since  conljiiiicil.  Mr.  lliisli  has  been  coimected 
with  banking  sini'i'  IkinIidikI.  liaving  never  been 
engaged  in  any  otlu'i'  business.  'I'lip  names  of 
Ills  children  are:  Kslille  Woods.  Harriet  Louise, 
Jane  Mary.  Florence  lielle.  and    William  Woods. 

John  Corrin  Hutchinson  was  boin  on  the  Isle 
of  Man,  KnglaiKi,  .May  11th,  1849.  He  emigra- 
ted to  America  with  his  mother  In  18()7.  He 
llrst  workecl  on  a  farm  near  Ueil  Wing  fortivo 
years,  IIumi  tiuiLiliI  in  a  dlslrl<-t  sclimil  for  one 
ywir.  .Mr.  Hutdiiriscin  then  enlen'il  the  Ini- 
versity  in  1870.  and  by  his  energv  and  persever- 
ance, working   at    \\liate\  cr   he  could  get  to  do, 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


569 


pushed  his  way  through  the  institution,  taking  a 
complete  classical  course,  and  graduating  in  ISTO. 
During  the  junior  year  he  taught  in  the  St.  Paul 
high  school.  After  graduating  he  was  employed 
as  instructor  of  Greeli  and  Latin  in  the  l^iiivers- 
ity.  In  1880  Mr.  Hutchinson  was  appointed  as- 
sistant professor  of  Greek,  which  position  he  now 
occupies,  lie  was  mar.'ied  in  1876,  to  Miss  L.  D. 
Hinckley,  daughter  of  J.  B.  Hinckley,  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  in  Minneapolis.  They  have 
three  chikUen,  Effle  H.,  Drusilla  and  Kuth. 

Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Iliowizi  was  born  in  Russia, 
January,  ISol,  where  he  attended  school  until 
sixteen  years  of  age,  pursuing  rabbinical  studies. 
He  then  left  for  Germany,  spending  two  years 
under  the  auspices  of  Dr.  Raerwald;  thence  to 
the  Jewish  seminary  in  Berlin,  iinder  the  care  of 
the  celebrated  Honviz,  remaining  with  him  for 
three  years ;  from  there  to  the  theological  semi- 
nary at  Breslau,  for  over  one  year.  Was  then 
called  to  London  by  the  Anglo-Jewish  Associa- 
tion, to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  the  English  lan- 
guage and  popular  science,  for  the  purpose  of  vis- 
iting the  East  as  a  teacher  and  director  of  a 
school.  From  London  he  was  sent  to  Paris,  for 
the  pm-pose  of  learning  the  French  language,  at 
the  same  time  studying  Spanish.  After  remain- 
ing in  Paris  fifteen  months,  he  proceeded  to  Af- 
rica, for  the  piu'pose  of  managing  a  school  for 
children  at  Tetuan,  remaining  there  for  seventeen 
months,  battling  with  the  cholera,  famine,  and 
the  barbarisms  of  the  uncivilized  natives,  whose 
great  or  chief  mark  of  honor  was  to  kill  an  infi- 
del, for  such  they  called  all  who  came  to  civilize 
them.  From  that  point  he  crossed  to  (iibralter, 
remaining  there  for  one  year,  instrui'ting  the 
youth,  preaching  in  the  synagogue,  and  giving 
lectures.  From  theie  he  proceeded  to  America, 
landing  in  Xew  York,  July  20th,  1880,  remaining 
in  the  city  for  a  few  days,  then  going  to  Ilarris- 
sonburgh,A^irginia,to  officiate  during  the  liolidays. 
So  satisfactory  were  his  labors  that  they  invited 
him  to  become  their  resident  pastor:  but  a  differ- 
ence arising  upon  the  day  of  worship,  which  was 
not  in  keeping  with  the  Jewish  Sabbath,  be,  in  a 
scholarly  letter,  clothed  in  kind  and  courte- 
ous language,  declined  the  offer,  and  left  for  Clii- 
cago,  Illinois,  where  he  preached  one  sermon, 
to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  congregation  ;  Vnit 
the  Portuguese  proniuiciation  which  he  gave  them 


did  not  agree  with  their  German  pronunciation. 
Bidding  them  good-bye,  he  left  for  Cincinnati, 
spending  two  or  three  weeks  with  Rev.  Dr.  J.  M. 
Wise,  who  advised  him  of  the  necessity  of  the 
Hebrew  Reformed  congregation  of  Minneapolis, 
to  which  place  he  immediately  came,  and  received 
a  unanimous  call,  which  he  accepted,  and  is  now 
in  full  charge,  very  much  to  the  satisfaction  of 
all. 

B.  F.  Inks,  a  native  of  Brandon ville,  Preston 
county,  West  Virginia,  was  born  July  7th,  1855, 
and  in  November,  1857,  accompanied  his  father 
to  Minneapolis.  With  the  exception  of  two 
years  in  the  grocery  store  of  Bradley  and  Branch, 
Mr.  Inks  has  always  worked  at  carpentering,  be- 
ing employed  by  other  parties  until  November, 
1880,  when  the  firm  of  Stranahan  and  Inks,  con- 
tractors and  builders,  was  formed. 

C.  H.  Ireland  was  born  June  19th,  1836,  at 
Dexter,  Maine,  and  came  to  this  city  in  1876. 
Jilr.  Ireland  is  an  old  hotel  man,  bavin?  had  sev- 
eral years  experience  in  the  business  while  in 
Maine.  In  1880  he  rented  the  Fewer  House  at 
215  Second  street  south;  it  is  of  brick,  and  three 
stories  high.  Mr.  Ireland  keeps  a  strictly  tem- 
perance house.  His  marriage  with  Sarah  Lang- 
don,  of  Hyde  Park,  Massachusetts,  took  place 
June  1st,  1870.  In  June,  1874,  she  died,  leaving 
one  child,  Clarence  G . 

C.  Jacobson,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born 
August  9th,  1835.  He  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  November,  1868,  and  first  settled  at  Red 
Wing,  Minnesota.  In  1869  he  removed  to  this 
city,  and  worked  at  various  lines  of  business  un- 
til July,  1878,  when  he  embarked  in  the  grocery 
trade;  he  owns  the  property  where  he  is  now  lo- 
cated, at  1314  Fourth  street  south,  and  is  doing  a 
prosperous  tmsiness.  In  January,  1862,  he  mar- 
ried Sigrid  Engebretsen.  They  have  five  living 
children:  John.  Laura,  Wolborg,  Charlotte  and 
Jacob. 

George  G.  Jacoby  was  V)orn  in  1838,  in  Germa- 
ny. He  moved  to  New  Y(uk  in  1859,  remained 
two  years,  and  in  1861  enlisted  in  the  Fourteenth 
New  York  volunteer  militia,  the  first  regiment 
that  enlisted  to  serve  through  the  war,  served 
one  year,  and  was  discharged  for  disability.  He 
located  in  West  Virginia,  and  transacted  a  gen- 
eral merchandise  business  until  1865,  when  he  re- 
turned to  New   York;  after  a  thi'ee  years'  resi- 


570 


UISJXJRY  OF  lIEyyEPlX  COVXTY. 


deiife  tliere.  lip  wpiit  to  riiilailHpliia.  wliere  for 
nine  years  lie  was  in  llie  wliolesiile  licjuor  trade. 
In  1877  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  after  about 
two  years'  experience  in  llie  clotliing  anil  mer- 
chant tailoring;  Imsiiiess.  returned  to  the  wholesale 
liquor  trade.  He  was  married  April  I8th,  1868. 
to  Fannie  Xlikols. 

\V.  II.  .laeohy.  photojjraph  artist,  was  born  at 
Ma.ssillon:  Ohio, May  2ttli.  isn.  Since  the  early 
age  of  fourteen  he  h;is  studied  the  art.  and  now 
stands  in  the  front  rank  of  photograpliers.  In 
18(11  he  opened  a  s^dlery  at  Dayton,  Oliio.  from 
there  he  went  to  Sprin^lii'ld,  thence  to  Xenia 
and  in  18fi(l  removed  tt)  this  city.  He  commenced 
business  here  at  the  corner  of  Bridge  square  and 
Seconil  street,  and  about  live  years  after,  built 
his  present  studio  at  2.j2  Nicollet  Avenue.  In 
Septeml)er,  ISOO,  he  raairied  Louisa  Stafford. 
They  have  one  child,  Charles  L. 

.Matthew  .larvie.  a  native  of  Scotland,  was 
UiTU  December  18th,  1827.  lie  came  to  the 
United  States  in  18.5.5,  and  settled  in  Berkshire 
county.  Massacliusetls.  wliere  he  worked  at  tlie 
woolen  nianufacturinK  I'usiness;  he  moved  from 
that  county  in  18.57,  and  continued  the  same  i)ur- 
Ruit  at  various  places.  In  1871  he  came  here 
and  was  at  once  enpised  as  superiiiteiideiit  of  the 
weaving  deiiartnient  of  the  North  .Star  Woolen 
Mills.  This  position  he  resipied  in  187.3,  and 
entered  the  grocery  trade  in  which  he  is  meeting 
with  success:  he  owns  the  property  where  he  is 
now  l<K-ated.  No.  l.'{2!t.  Fourth  street  south. 
His  wife  was  Miss  M.  Jarvie,  whom  he  married 
in  1K"..5. 

Thomas  .leffery,  a  native  of  ICnglaiid.  was  born 
Sf'ptember  I(Jth,  184.5.  in  Derbyshire.  in 
Oitober.  18*1.5.  he  came  to  the  fnited  Slates 
and  lived  in  New  York  city  until  1870.  when  he 
removed  to  MiiuieaiiollH  and  started  in  the  carpet 
business:  first  alone,  then  iis  Kenyon  and  Jeffery, 
and  now  the  finn  name  is  T.  .leffery  and  Com- 
pany. Thi'ir  place  of  business  is  No.  22.5  Nicol- 
let ,\venue.  He  was  married  in  18(l(»,  to  Miss 
M.  IJ.  Hague  of  Knglanil:  tin- fruitH  of  this  union 
wen-  four  children,  only  <ine  of  whom  survives: 
.lolin  .\rlhur.  aged  seven  years. 

<;.  A.  .lenks.  iKirn  at  Watertown,  Jefferson 
county.  New  Vork.  In  iKun.  He  removed  to 
Won-eslor,  .Mn.HsjicliuH<'tts.  in  iHid,  and  was  em- 
]iloycd   in   the  manufacture  of  machinery,  with 


L.  and  A.  G.  Coes:  after  about  two  years  he  was 
given  the  general  management  of  the  financial 
department;  he  was  with  this  firm  ten  years. 
In  1856  he  went  U)  St.  Louis.  Missouri,  and  ac- 
cepted a  similar  position  in  tlie  wliolesale  dry 
goods  establishment  of  I'iltiuan  Brothers.  In 
1860  he  came  to  Minnesota,  and  in  1862  w'as  ap- 
pointed republican  commissioner  to  go  into  the 
army  and  take  the  vote  of  soldiers;  and  in  1865 
was  at  Prairie  du  Cliien,  in  tlie  quartermaster's 
department.  lie  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
barrels,  for  a  time,  at  Excelsior,  and  in  1872, 
came  to  Miniiea|)olis;  he  worked  for  different 
firms  until  September  1st,  1878,  since  which  time 
he  has  been  employed  by  Fraser  and  Shepherd  as 
general  book-keei)er.  In  IS  16  he  married  Pam- 
elia  Lockwood.  They  have  one  child:  Arthur, 
who  is  now  assistant  train  dispatcher  for  the 
Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Kailway. 

A.  AV.  .lewett,  a  native  of  Maine  was  born  in 
June,  1840,  at  Aurora.  His  father  was  a  black- 
smith and  so  he  commenced  learning  that  trade 
as  soon  as  he  was  large  enoiigli  to  hold  ahaninier, 
and  has  continued  in  the  liusiness  since.  In 
April,  186!).  lie  came  to  tills  city  and  is  now  a 
member  of  tlie  linn  of  Myers  and  Jcwetl.  De- 
cember llth.  1872.  Mr.  Jewett  married  Anna  Me- 
Causland.    They  have  two  sons:    Ira  and  Leon. 

A.  M.  Johnson,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born  May 
29th,  l.S4!l.  in  Logan  county.  He  accompanied 
his  parents  to  Minneapolis  in  1866.  and  attended 
school  here  three  years.  I'litil  1S72  he  worked 
with  his  father  at  building,  and  then  started  in 
theiuillingbusinessat  llie"()lil  City  Xlill,"  where 
he  rciuaiiicd  three  years;  lie  then  went  to  the 
Pettit  mill  where  he  is  still  employed.  .Mr.  .lolm- 
son's  marriage  with  Miss  Claiiiida  Scotl  iiccurred 
October  1  Itli,  1874.  Two  cliildicii  have  been 
born  In  lliein:  Nellie  and  (Jcilnidc. 

Asa  K.  Johnson,  M.  D..  was  born  !it  Bridge- 
water,  Oneida  county.  New  York,  March  16th, 
182.5.  lie  liist  studied  medicine  in  184!)  with  Dr. 
Kellog,  a  homeopathic  iihysician  ;  then  studied 
three  years,  in  Otsego  county,  with  Dr.  Erastus 
King:  aflcrwanl.  he  became  dissalislied  with  his 
homeii|iathice\pcricnce  and  attended  two  courses 
of  lectures  at  the  State  I'nivei-sity  of  New  York. 
where  he  graduated  March  Kith,  18.51.  The  fol- 
lowing .Maybe  went  to  Bidoit.  Wisconsin,  and 
pnicticeil  there  until  May,  185;i,  IIkm  icmovrd  lo 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


571 


St.  Anthony.  Dr.  Johnson  is  the  oldest  practic- 
ioner  in  the  city.  lie  was  married  ISIareli  16th, 
1853,  to  Hannah  Russel,  of  Wisconsin.  They 
ai'e  the  parents  of  one  child,  Roesina. 

The  Dr.  was  county  physician  for  one  year,  and 
on  the  board  of  health  two  years.  It  was  he  who 
suggested  the  organization  of  the  ^Minnesota 
Academy  of  natural  sciences,  now  located  in  this 
city;  he  was  the  first  president  of  that  institution 
and  held  the  office  four  years.  He  has  served  on 
committees  of  various  natural  sciences,  entomo- 
logy, comparative  anatomy,  geology  and  crypto- 
gamic  botany;  he  classified  and  identified  eight 
hundred  species  in  mycological  botany.  Among 
the  classifications,  the  Dr.  is  the  discoverer  of 
seventeen  new  species,  peculiar  to  this  state;  some 
of  them  have  been  confirmed  by  such  high  au- 
thority as  Professor  Peck,  state  botanist  of  New 
York;  he  also  discovered  at  Palmer  Lake  mound, 
Brooklyn,  Minnesota,  the  skeleton  of  a  mound 
builder;  this  curiosity  is  now  in  the  Minnesota 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 

Charles  W.  .Johnson  was  bom  in  Belleville,  St. 
Clair  county,  IlUnois,  March  17th,  1843.  He  re- 
ceived an  high  school  education  at  his  native 
place,  and  learned  the  pi-inter's  trade  at  intervals 
between  the  terms  of  school.  He  came  to  Min- 
nesota in  1860  and  worked  on  a  farm  and  taught 
school  two  years ;  enlisted  in  the  Sixth  Minneso- 
ta and  served  over  three  years.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  returned  to  Minneapolis,  taught  school 
and  finally  resumed  his  business  of  setting  type, 
drifting  naturally  into  newspaper  work  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  correspondent,  reporter  and  editor  on 
various  city  papers.  He  was  elected  and  served 
one  year  as  city  clerk.  In  1873  he  was  elected 
assistant  secretary  of  the  state  senate  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  was  elected  secretary  of  that  body 
and  for  six  years  afterwards  performed  the  duties 
of  that  office.  In  1880  he  was  appointed  super- 
visor of  the  census  in  the  second  census  district 
of  Minnesota.  During  the  winter  of  1881  he  was 
engaged  as  the  Washington  correspondent  of  the 
Pioneer-Press,  and  received  the  republican  nomi- 
nation for  chief  clerk  of  the  United  States  senate. 
He  has  been  engaged  actively  in  polities  of  Min- 
nesota as  a  republican  for  many  years,  and  has 
been  secretary  of  the  state  central  committee  and 
of  the  repuljlican  central  committee  for  the  Tliird 
congressional  district.    His  family  consists  of  his 


wife,  the  daughter  of  J.  D.  Rich,  Esq.,  and  two 
promising  children. 

David  B.  Johnson,  a  native  of  Winchester, 
Gurnsey  county,  Ohio,  was  born  August  7th, 
1852.  AVhen  seventeen  years  of  age,  he  went  to 
Muskingum  College  in  New  Concord,  Ohio,  and 
remained  there  about  two  years;  he  then  attended 
the  (ieneva  institute  for  the  same  length  of  time. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-one,  he  began  the  study  of 
law  with  Milton  Barnes  at  Cambridge,  Ohio,  and 
later  with  Amos  Coggswell,  of  Owatonna,  Min- 
nesota. He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Febru- 
ary, 1876,  and  practiced  law  at  Owatonna  three 
years,  then  came  to  this  city  and  has  since  re- 
sided here.  He  married  Miss  Carrie  M.  Johnson 
at  Owatonna,  June  27th,  1877.  They  have  one 
child,  Antoinette. 

C.Johnson  was  born  in  Sweden.September  12th, 
1847.  He  emigrated  to  America  in  1868,  and 
after  a  short  stay  in  Kansas,  he  removed  to  Good- 
hue county,  Minnesota,  where  he  remained  until 
1872.  He  then  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged 
in  the  grocery  business  in  which  he  continued 
until  becoming  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Ryberg 
and  Company  in  the  Stockholm  meat  market. 
He  was  married  in  1880  to  Anna  Peterson,  of 
Sweden. 

r.  A.  Johnson  was  born  in  Svi'eden  in  1849. 
He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1871,  and 
located  in  ^linneapolis.  For  five  years  he  was 
with  the  American  Express  Company,  and  since 
that  time  has  been  in  the  hotel  business.  He  has 
been  proprietor  of  the  Swea  House  since  Septem- 
ber, 1870.  It  is  located  at  723  Washington  Av- 
enue south.  His  marriage  with  Lena  Cornell  oc- 
curred in  June,  1880. 

George  II.  Johnson  was  born  in  Norway.  He 
came  with  his  parents  to  America  in  18-50,  and 
settled  in  Cook  county,  Illinois.  In  1862  he  en- 
listed in  the  First  Illinois  Artillery.  He  served 
most  of  the  time  with  the  army  of  the  Cumber- 
land, and  was  in  the  battles  of  Cliickamauga,  Stone 
River,  Lookout  Mountain,  Mission  Ridge,  and 
others.  He  also  accompanied  Sherman  as  far  as  At- 
lanta on  his  march  to  tlie  sea.  He  was  mustered 
out  in  July,  186-5,  and  came  to  this  city  in  the  au- 
tumn following.  He  worked  in  the  lumber  mills 
for  a  time,  and  then  went  on  the  iiolice  force. 
Mr.  Jolmson  was  elected  sheriff  in  1870-72-74,  and 
went  to  the  legislature  in  1876.     In  May,  1877,  he 


672 


UISTORV  OF  HENHEPIN  COUNTY. 


was  appointed  dpitiity  slicrilT.  and  has  since  con- 
Liniied  to  (ill  that  oHice.  His  wife  was  ^Vn- 
nie  Sheridan,  of  Anoka.  She  ha,s  borne  him  five 
children.     Those  living  are  :     (ieorge  and  Nellie. 

J.  W.  Johnson  was  horn  May  2d.  l!S2-5.  in 
Franklin  county,  New  York.  He  learned  the 
contracting  and  Imilding  business,  and  worked  in 
that  line  until  ls">7.  when  he  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile liusiness.  In  August,  1804,  he  moved  to 
Red  Wing.  Minnesota,  and  in  1868  came  to  Min- 
neapolis. He  was  in  the  di"}-  goods  trade  here 
until  Scplcmher.  iwiii,  wlien  he  took  charge  of 
the  North  Star  Iron  Works,  then  located  in  St. 
Anthony,  hut  removed  to  the  west  side,  and 
greatly  enlarged  In  1870.  In  1872  he  bought  oiie- 
fonrlh  interest  In  the  works,  and  in  1874  bought 
Uie  other  three-fourths,  and  conducted  the  busi- 
ness until  188((,  when  he  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness. January.  188] .  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  City  IJank.  Mr.  Johnson  has  been  married 
twice:  his  first  wife  was  Martha  Walker.  The 
Becond  wife.  Mrs.  Malinda  Roman,  lui-s  l)onie  liim 
thre*'  children  :     Annie.  Frederick,  and  Walter. 

K.  Johnson,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born  in 
IM 1.  lie  emigrated  to  tlie  United  States  in  1868, 
and  ten  years  later  came  to  Miiinea])olis.  lie  is 
engaged  a.s  mill-wrigbt  at  the  hunber  mill  of  1'. 
<;.  Lamoreanx.  and  resides  at  208  Third  .street 
north. 

I'eler  Johnson,  a  native  <if  Sweden,  was  born 
July  12th.  IM.',.  Ileatlendcd  school  until  1861. 
then  followed  farming  until  186(i.  when  he  came 
to  Amerira;  he  first  IfK'ated  in  Wright  county, 
Miiniesota.  and  in  .May.  I8(>7.  came  to  this  city; 
he  worked  as  an  ajiprcnlicc  at  the  mason's  trade 
until  1870.  then  worked  five  years  as  journey- 
man, and  since  187/i  has  been  contracting.  Mr. 
Johnson  still  retains  his  old  homestead  in  Wright 
coniil>.  He  wiLs  married  Angu.st  8d,  187.3.  to 
MisB  Chrislina  Swedeburg;  they  reside  at  •'JOi 
Fourth  street  north.  Two  children  have  been 
born  to  them:  ('Mirollon  and  .lolin  Ivlward. 

W.  H.Johnson  was  born  ( (clober  "411,  |82.),  at 
Ogdensliurg.  New  Vork.  ,\t  the  age  of  nine- 
t«-en  years  commcuci-d  lumbering:  in  Isp.i  he 
went  to  WiM'onsiii.  iHiught  160  aires  of  land.  ,'Uid 
after  the  lienvy  work  of  clearing  wu»  done,  he 
run.  In  connection  with  his  farm,  a  saw-mill  and 
lumlN-ring  biiNineiis.  Mr.  Johns<in  hauled  a  |Hir- 
tion  of  the  rolling  Ht<j<k   for  the  Chicago  and 


North-western  railway  from  Shebo\gan  to  Fond 
du  Lac,  a  distance  of  forty-one  miles,  on  a  plank- 
road,  using  eight  teams:  he  drew  an  engine  en- 
tire. In  June,  1864,  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and 
had  charge  of  Jlonison's  saw-mill  until  187(i, 
when  he  was  elected  superintendent  of  the  wa- 
ter-works, lie  was  councilman  four  consecutive 
years,  and  went  to  the  legislature  in  1877-'78. 
He  married  Miss  Sarah  Lyman,  of  Jefferson 
county.  New  York,  March  11th,  1847.  Their 
children  are  Jasper  and  Sumner.  Mr.  Johnson 
and  family  reside  at  122il  Kiglilh  street  south. 

Joseph  Jonas,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
June  16th,  1848.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1872.  and  lived  in  St.  Louis,  Jli.ssouri,  imtil 
the  following  year,  when  became  to  Minneajiolis, 
and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  sale  stable 
business.  In  1880  lie  started  a  grocery  and  gen- 
eral merchandise  store  at  his  present  location,  Xo. 
420  I'lymoulh  Avenue.  Mr.  Jonas  manied,  in 
1879,  Caroline  Sternberg,  of  Prussia. 

J.  G.  Jones  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Maine.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  18.57,  and 
went  into  llic  clothing  business  in  company  with 
his  father.  In  IMil  heenlisted  in  tlicThinl  Min- 
nesota Volmiteers.  and  served  lour  years.  He 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Mnrfreesboro.  the 
seige  of  A'icksburg  and  the  capture  of  Little 
Rock:  he  then  came  to  Minnesota  and  tot)k  part 
in  the  war  against  the  Sioux  Indians;  he  was  at 
the  battle  of  Wood  Lake  where  three  hundred 
Indians  were  captured,  thirty-eight  of  whom  met 
the  death  penalty  on  the  scaffold  at  Mankato  in 
1862.  ( )ii  being  nnistcred  out  of  .service  he  re- 
ttnned  \n  .Minncapnlis.  and  was  elected  county 
trea.snrci-  wliilc  aliscnt  mi  liis  wedding  tour.  This 
ollicc  he  belli  four  years.  Since  1870  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  logging  business.  He  now  has 
lumber  yards  at  the  corner  of  Washington  Ave- 
nue and  Tenth  street  north.  In  186i)  he  married 
.\nna  Harrison.  They  ha v(.' two  children:  Carrie 
and  Harrison. 

ICdwin  Smith  Jones,  pnsi(h  iit  ut  the  Hennepin 
County  Savings  Hank,  was  Imum  .lune  3d,  1828, at 
Cbaiilin.  Windham  county,  Connci-ticnt.  He  re- 
ceived such  eclucation  as  the  schools  of  his  native 
town  afforded,  ami  atlcmliil  two  terms  at  the 
Monson  Academy,  .Massachusetts.  After  com- 
pleting his  academical  studies  he  began  the  study 
of  law   in   the  ollice  ol    linn..!.  II.  Carpcntei-.  at 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


573 


■Willimantic,Connecticut.  Having  finished  his  pro- 
fessional course  lie  wished  to  explore  the  rich  and 
fertile  lands  of  the  west,  which  were  only  waiting 
to  reward  the  toil  of  those  indnstrions  ones  who 
were  wiUing  to  work.  He  accordingly  carried  out 
his  plans  in  1854,  coming  to  seek  a  home  and  for- 
tune in  Minnesota.  Finding  Minneapolis  a  de- 
sirable place  in  which  to  locate,  he  entered  tlie 
law  office  of  lion.  Isaac  Atwater  to  complete  his 
reading.  lie  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  18.>5  and 
contLmied  with  Mr.  Atwater  until  18.57,  and  after- 
wai'ds  alone.  The  next  year,  1858,  he  was  elected 
to  the  office  of  probate  jvidge,  in  which  he  con- 
tinued until  1861.  In  1863  he  entered  the  Union 
army  and  was  commissioned  captain  and  commis- 
sary of  subsistence  in  the  department  of  the  gulf, 
an  office  which  he  retained  to  1866,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Minneapolis  and  resumed  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  During  the  years  of  1866-7  he 
was  chairman  of  the  county  board  of  supervisors. 
Continuhig  to  practice  until  1870.  Judge  Jones 
accepted  the  position  he  now  occupies,  president 
of  the  bank.  In  1873-4  he  was  a  member  of  the 
city  council.  Since  1860  he  has  been  connected 
with  the  Masonic  fraternity.  He  and  his  wife 
are  members  of  Plymouth  Church  in  this  city.  He 
was  married  in  September,  1853,  to  Miss  Harriet 
M.,  daughter  of  Whitman  and  Harriet  James  of 
his  native  town,  and  lost  his  wife  twelve  years 
later.  He  was  married  again  in  September, 
1866,  at  Minneapolis,  to  Miss  Abigal  J.  James, 
sister  of  his  first  wife.  She  died  in  April,  1872. 
In  May,  1877,  at  Goffetown,  New  Hampshire, 
Mr.  Jones  was  wedded  to  Miss  Susan  C,  daughter 
of  Charles  and  Susan  C.  Stinson.  His  children 
UvLng  are:  Edwin  S.,  Jr.,  Ellen,  David  P.  and 
William  O. 

K.  F.  Jones,  liom  in  St.  Lawrence  county. 
New  York,  September  25th,  1852.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  1875,  and  since  then  has  been  a 
wholesale  and  retail  dealer  in  oysters,  fish,  game, 
etc.,  at  his  place  of  business.  No.  306  Hennepin 
Avejiue.  The  wholesale  trade  is  very  extensive; 
shipments  being  made  throughout  Minnesota, 
Wisconsin,  Iowa,  and  the  north-western  territo- 
ries. He  is  the  originator  of  the  brand  of  oysters 
known  as  the  Gold  Seal;  they  are  packed  and 
shipped  to  him  by  liis  branch  house  in  Haltimore, 
Maryland.  Mr.  Jones  family  consists  of  a  wife 
and  one  child. 


W.  H.  Jones,  born  in  Wales,  May  1st,  1845. 
In  the  spring  of  1857,  he  accompanied  his  parents 
to  America,  and  lived  with  then  on  a  farm  in 
Columbia  county,  Wisconsin,  until  1866,  when  he 
went  to  (Treen  Lake  county,  and  for  two  seasons 
was  in  the  agricultural  implement  business;  then 
he  was  employed  one  year  as  general  agent  for  a 
jSIilwaukee  firm,  and  afterward  with  E.  II.  Gam- 
mon. In  January,  1878,  he  established  himself 
in  the  agricultural  implement  business  in  this  city. 
He  is  now  president  of  the  Piano  ilanufacturing 
Company  of  Piano,  Illinois.  He  married  Eliza- 
beth Owens,  September  ISth,  1876.  They  have 
three  children,  Hugh,  William  and  Arthur. 

Amos  C.  Jordan,  managing  editor  of  the  Tri- 
bune, was  born  in  Eaton,  Canada  East,  April  22d, 

1842.  He  removed  to  Minnesota  with  his  parents 
in  May,  1854,  locating  at  Purgatory,  four  miles 
from  Excelsior  in  Hennepin  comity.  In  1857,  he 
entered  as  an  apprentice  in  the  office  of  the  St. 
Anthony  Express,  then  owned  by  Isaac  Atwater. 
In  1861,  with  four  other  compositors  of  the  Atlas, 
owned  by  W.  S.  King,  he  enlisted  in  the  First 
Minnesota  Infantry,  and  in  the  absence  of  Mr. 
King  at  Washington,  they  closed  the  office.  Re- 
maining in  the  service  continuously  until  Au- 
gust, 1865,  he  returned  to  Minneapolis,  and  soon 
afterward  secured  the  position  of  telegraph  edi- 
tor of  the  Daily  Tribune.  In  1872,  he  resigned, 
and  with  Col.  I.,ounsberry,  founded  the  Bismarck 
Tribune,  of  which  he  had  entire  editorial  charge 
during  the  first  year.  In  1874,  he  johied  as  night 
editor  of  the  St.  Paul  Pioneer,  owned  by  David 
Blakeley.  After  the  consolidation  of  the  Pioneer 
and  the  Press,  he  continued  as  night  editor  of  the 
consolidated  concern  until  the  purchase  of  the 
Jlinneapolis  Trilnine  by  Mr.  Blakeley,  when  he 
once  more  returned  to  Mimieapohs  to  assume  the 
duties  of  managing  editor,  which  position  e  has 
since  held.  Mr.  Jordoii  has  done  more  of  edito- 
rial service  in  Minneapolis  than  perhaps  any 
other  person.  His  continuous  service  in  respon- 
sil)le  positions  on  leading  journals  in  the  state, 
amply  testify  to  his  capacity  and  ability. 

B.  W.  Jordan,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born  in 

1843.  In  1852  lie  went  to  Illinois,  and  in  1859 
removed  to  Colorado,  where  he  commenced  busi- 
ness as  an  architect.  In  1871  he  went  to  Salt 
Lake  city,  and  remained  one  year,  from  there  to 
Chicago,  and  thence  to  Sedalia,  Missouri.    His 


574 


histohy  of  he^js^epin  county. 


eyp-siplit  failed  and  for  a  time  he  was  obliged  to 
atiaiidon  his  inofessiiin.  luit  lesiinied  it  event- 
ually, and  in  1879,  established  his  oflice  in  Minne- 
apolis. He  was  married  in  1S70  to  Matilda 
Lewis,  who  was  the  first  gradnate  under  Miss 
Jones,  who  came  from  Kngland  to  establish  the 
Pestalozzian  system  of  education.  Mrs.  Jordan 
was  the  founder  of  Trenton  Institute,  of  Trenton, 
Xew  Jersey. 

John  P.  Joseph,  burn  in  Germany,  February 
22d,  1837.  He  came  to  America  in  1859,  and 
liveil  two  years  in  Xew  York  city:  he  then  re- 
sided in  Ohio  seven  years,  and  at  the  expiration 
of  that  time  came  to  this  city.  In  1863  he  en- 
listed in  the  Seventy-second  Ohio;  was  shortly 
after  tninsferred  to  the  mec'hanical  department 
of  Knmklin  shops,  at  Nashville.  Tennessee,  and 
remained  there  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In 
1878  lie  commenced  the  business  of  bottling  beer, 
and  since  18W»  has  also  manufactured  all  kinds 
of  soda  water,  chainiiagiie,  cider,  seltzer-water, 
etc.;  his  place  of  business  is  at  the  corner  of  Mar- 
shall north-east  and  Thirteenth  Avenue.  Mr. 
Joseph  wiLs  married  in  IhOO.  to  Miss  Katrina 
I{«inhart.    They  have  four  children. 


<  ii.\i'ii:i{  i,.\.\x. 


IKAL.  K.  r,  AM)  M. 


Jolin  I).  Kaestner  was  born  Oitnlx  r  Jlst.  Is'i:;, 
in  ShclxiVKan.  Visi-onsin.  He  moved  to  St.  I'aul 
in  1871;  live  yean?  later  he  came  to  this  city  and 
started  in  the  shoe  llndings,  hiilc  and  leather 
business,  at  No.  228  Washinjjton  .\ venue  north. 
He  is  iloin^a  prosperous  trade  here,  and  also  acts 
OH  ni;ent  for  a  ShelKiyKan  linn,  buying  hides  and 
shipiiine  to  them.  Mr.  Kaestner  was  married  in 
187<l  to  .\niclla  Selsenieyer.  of  Wi.sconsiii.  They 
are  the  parents  of  one  child:  I/illian. 

J.  Kuntrowitz  was  born  January  1st.  Ik44,  in 
Cieminiiy.  He  came  to  America  in  18."ii).  and  lo- 
cated in  New  Vnrk.  uliere  he  was  employed  in  a 
mercantile  Iioum-  until  Ihill,  when  he  went  to 
Troy  and  H)tent  six  years  in  the  clothing  business 
with  A.  Ksensky  Hrolhers.     In  the  fall  nf    Ihho 


he  came  here  and  established  the  Bay  State  one- 
price  clothing  house,  at  220  Hennepin  Avenue, 
where  he  is  doing  a  thriving  business.  He  was 
married  February  12th,  1865,  to  I'auline  Cohen. 
Their  children  are  James,  Isaac,  Alexander, 
Minnie.  IJosa.  Frank  and  Josephine. 

Frederick  Herman  Karlson  was  born  in  Swe- 
den in  1834;  attended  the  University  of  Stock- 
holm a  lunnber  of  years,  and  was  engaged  as 
missionary  for  a  short  lime.  He  came  to  America 
in  1868,  settled  in  ^litchell  county,  Iowa,  and  the 
following  year  removed  to  Fayette  county.  In 
1870  he  was  ordained  in  La  Salle  county.  Illinois, 
and  at  once  commenced  his  ministerial  labor  in 
Fayette  county,  Iowa.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in 
1880  and  took  charge  of  St.  Paul's  church  ;  also 
has  a  Norwegian  congregation  in  St.  Paul,  which 
he  visits  once  in  three  months.  Has  three  chil- 
dren. Alma  Victoria,  Agnes  F.  Louisa  and  Karl 
Herman,  born  resi)ectively  in  1863, 1867  and  1873. 

('.  H.  Keator  came  to  Jlinnesota  in  1856,  lo- 
cated at  Greenwood,  Hennepin  county,  and  for 
five  years  followed  hiniting  and   trapping.     In 

1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Mounted  Hangers,  and  in 

1862  in  the  Eighth  Minnesota  Volunteers.  From 
1865  until  1867  he  was  in  the  auction  and  com- 
mission business,  then  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Mr.  Snyder  in  tlie  bill  posting  business;  also 
as  carriers  for  llic  Minneapolis  Daily  Tribune.  In 
1879  they  sold  the  carrier  business,  but  still  con- 
tiniu-  the  bill  jiosting.  Their  oflice  is  in  the  Trib- 
une counling  room.  City  hall.  iSIr.  Keator  mar- 
ried Martha  McLeod  November  loth,  1864. 
Their  only  child.  Jessie,  died  at  the  age  of  two 
years. 

C.  T.  Keen  was  born  September  21st,  1842,  at 
Calais,  Maine.  In  18(15  lie  went  to  O.skosli.  Wis- 
consin, and  was  iMMilM'iiiig  eight  years,  and  two 
years  in  the  hotel  Imsincss.  In  1S75  he  removed 
to  this  city,  and  followed  carpentering  until 
March,  1880,  when  lie  liciaiue  proprietor  of  the 
Glyndtin  House.  2l;i  Third  street  south.  He  was 
married  October  18th.  1875,  to  Miss  Susanna 
King,  who  has  borne  him  one  chilil,  Daisy. 

Matthias  Kees.  born  in  Prussia.  Se)itember  27th, 
1839.  He  came  to  America  in  18.56.  anil  11 1'st  set- 
tled in  Illinois,  but  socui  moved  to  M;irathon 
county,  Wisconsin,  and  until  18.59  was  interested 
in  the  lumber  trade  there.  Then  he  returned  to 
Illinois.  ;ind  remained  until  1862,  when  he  went 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


575 


to  Kaciiie.  Wisconsin,  and  enlisted  in  the  Eighth 
Wisconsin  Battery,  liglit  artillery.  lie  was  nins- 
tered  ont  in  August,  1865.  In  September  of  the 
same  year  he  came  to  this  city,  and  worked  as 
clerk  until  1S60,  when  he  started  a  grocery  store. 
He  is  now  located  at  32S  First  street  north.  In 
1877  Mr.  Kees  was  elected  to  the  city  council  to 
fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Alder- 
man Thompson,  and  in  the  spring  of  1880  he 
was  again  elected.  In  1866  he  married  Susan 
Knaeble.  Seven  children  have  been  born  to  them. 
Those  living  are  :     Clara,  Susan,  and  Edwin. 

Andrew  Keim  was  born  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio, 
April  18th,  1859.  In  early  youth  he  went  to  San- 
dusky, and  in  1868  removed  to  St.  Cloud,  Minne- 
sota, where  he  learned  harness-making.  He  came 
to  this  city  in  1877,  and  worked  for  George  Thele 
until  ^November.  1880,  when  he  started  in  busi- 
ness with  Mr.  Arnoldy,  at  120  Plymouth  Avenue. 

George  Hackett  Keith  was  born  in  Orange 
county,  Vermont,  May  4th,  1825.  He  attended 
the  district  schools  at  home  until  sixteen  years 
of  age,  when  he  worked  on  a  farm  one  season, 
for  seven  dollars  per  month.  He  then  went 
to  Meriden,  New  Hampshire,  and  passed  four 
years  in  studying  and  teaching.  He  removed 
to  Indianapolis,  and  engaged  in  teaching  private 
school  one  year,  after  which  he  was  appointed  su- 
perintendent of  the  preparatory  department  of 
the  Franklin  College,  at  Franklin,  Indiana.  He 
continued  his  studies  and  attended  lectures  until 
1852,  when  he  graduated  from  the  medical  college 
at  Woodstoek,  Vermont.  He  moved  to  the  city  of 
Ji^ew  York  and  l)egan  practice,  paying  considera- 
ble attention  to  dentistry.  In  1855  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  has  since  resided  here,  with  the 
exception  of  1859-60,  when  he  made  a  southern 
trip.  Dr.  Keith  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  this  city,  but  turned  his  attention 
almost  wholly  to  dentistry.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  first  state  legislature,  which  met  in  1858-9. 
During  the  Indian  war  of  1862,  he  was  surgeon 
of  the  expedition  sent  to  the  relief  of  Fort  Aber- 
crombie.  In  1863  he  received  tlie  appointment  of 
provost  marshal  for  the  .second  district  of  Min- 
nesota, and  held  the  position  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  In  May,  1871,  he  was  appointed  post- 
master, and  re-appointed  in  1875.  He  was  mar- 
ried July  2d,  1851,  to  Anna  .Judson,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Jonathan  Going.    She  died  in  1802.    The 


present  Mrs.  Keith  was  Henrietta,  daughter  of  S. 
A.  and  Dora  Jewett.  Their  children  are  Walter, 
Mabel,  and  Mary. 

H.  C.  Keith,  a  native  of  Kandolph,  Vermont, 
was  born  in  1823.  In  1841  he  moved  to  Dover, 
Xew  Ilampsliire,  and  remained  there  three  years 
in  the  dry-goods  and  drug  trade:  he  then  travel- 
ed three  years  with  Dr.  Cutler,  and  in  1853  set- 
tled in  Minneapolis.  He  pre-empted  what  has 
since  been  known  as  Falls  City,  now  a  part  of 
Minneapolis.  Until  1877  he  was  contracting  and 
building;  then  he  w'as  in  the  real  estate  business 
till  1877,  when  he  went  to  Lake  Minnetonka;  he 
spends  his  summers  there,  and  will  build  aboard- 
ing  house  on  Howard's  Point.  In  1844  he  mar- 
ried Kuth  Canney,  of  Dover,  New  Hampshire. 
Three  children  have  been  born  to  them.  All  are 
now  living  in  this  city. 

Albert  A.  Keith  was  born  at  Dover,  New 
Hampshire,  January  3(ith,  1851.  At  the  age  of 
three  years  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Minneso- 
ta. They  located  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  about 
three  miles  below  Minneapolis.  Albert  received 
his  education  in  the  graded  schools  of  this  city, 
and  attended  the  college  at  Hillsdale,  Michigan, 
one  year,  after  which  he  returned  home  and  took 
a  position  as  clerk  in  the  post-office  and  remained 
five  years.  When  the  carrier  system  was  adopt- 
ed, he  was  promoted  to  the  position  of  superin- 
tendent of  carriers,  which  he  has  filled  five  years. 
He  was  married  in  March,  1874,  to  Miss  Maggie 
McKahan,  of  Minneapolis.  They  have  ojie  boy, 
Louis  Henry,  aged  two  years.  Mr.  Keith  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Old  Settlers'  Association  since 
its  organization. 

J.  M.  Keller  was  born  in  Prussia,  April  17th, 
1830.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1849,  and 
settled  in  St.  Louis  in  1850.  He  came  to  this 
city  in  1854,  and  worked  four  years  for  M.  S. 
Iloblitt.  He  bought,  with  Frank  Rorbach,  the 
Morgan  mill  at  Shingle  Creek,  but  sold  in  1865, 
and  the  following  year  was  in  the  cattle  trade. 
In  1866  he  went  in  business  with  a  nephew,  but 
owing  to  ill  health  be  sold  in  1869.  He  opened 
the  market  at  his  present  location,  428  First  Ave- 
nue north,  in  September,  1879.  Mr.  Keller's 
wife  was  Miiuiic  liunge.  They  have  six  children 
living. 

II.  II.  Kelley  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
Maine,  February  4th,  1854.    In  the  fall  of  1869 


576 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


lie  came  to  tliis  eitj-.  and  was  employed  as  clerk 
ill  different  Imsiness  lionses  until  he  started  a 
meat  market  in  cunipaiiy  with  his  brother:  they 
contiinied  this  until  Auprnst.  ISSO.  when  they 
sold,  and  est;d)lished  their  stock-yards  and  slaugh- 
ter-house. 

W.  A.  Kelley.  brother  of  the  above,  isa  native 
of  Maine:  he  was  l)orn  in  AVasliington  county, 
Dectmher  27th.  lS-51.  lie  has  been  in  partner- 
ship with  his  brother  ever  since  his  arrival  in 
Miinieai>olis  in  1«74. 

Dr.  E.  S.  Kelly  was  born  June  2-lth,  1848,  in 
Ottawa.  Canada,  where  he  received  a  liberal  edu- 
<'ation.  He  came  to  Miiniesota  in  18<>7  and  locat- 
ed in  this  city.  lie  entered  the  State  I'niversity 
in  the  second  year  of  its  existence  and  studied 
there  five  years.  lie  first  studied  medicine  with 
l»r.  II.  II  .  Kimball,  and  graduated  from  Kush 
Medical  ('ollc)ie.  February  1878.  beinj; first  in  his 
class.  Immediately  after  graduating  he  returned 
to  Minneapolis  and  has  since  continued  in  prac- 
tice hen>.  June  1st.  188(1,  Dr.  Kelly  was  elected 
county  physician. 

F.  W.  Kelly  was  born  April  5th.  bs.jl.  at 
]tr(K)klyn.  Ix)ng  Island,  lie  leanied  the  plumb- 
ing trade  at  Cleveland,  Ohio;  worked  at  it  there 
and  in  New  York  city  until  1809,  when  he  re- 
moved to  St.  I'aul ;  he  lived  there  several  years 
and  llien  worked  two  years  in  Chicago.  He  came 
here  in  1K7.S.  ami  engaged  with  Wilson  and 
Hogers,  J.  L.  Spink,  and  othei-s  in  his  line  of 
linsiness  until  1877.  since  which  time  he  has  been 
alone.  Mr.  Kelly  was  marric<l  in  IH7").  to  Miss 
Catherine  Collins  of  St.  I'aul. 

II.  Knicgcr  was  iHirii  at  Watertown.  AViscon- 
Kin.  Orlobcr  Hith.  18.W.  He  leanied  the  trade  of 
giinMuilh  at  Kau  Claire.  Wisconsin.  In  1K77  he 
I'ame  to  Minnca)>olis  and  established  business  at 
his  presiMit  location.  A  ilescriplion  of  his  busi- 
ness may  be  found  els<"where. 

W.  F.  Kelly,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born  in 
IKIH.  lie  lived  in  Kngland  from  1840  imlil 
1802  when  he  emignited  to  .Xnicrica;  for  a  short 
lime  he  lived  in  New  ^'ork  c-ity.  then  went  to 
I'ennsylviinia  and  in  ls<il  returned  to  New  ^'ork. 
The  year  following  he  removed  t<i  this  city  and 
worked  In  the  .Milwaukee-  and  St.  I'aul  railroad 
shojw  until  1K72.  when  he  !.lai1<'d  in  the  grocery 
trade,  In  which  he  is  having  a  ra]iiilly  growing 
liiiHineiui.    In  Nov..  18/>7,  lie  married  Annie  llyan. 


Edward  Kennedy  was  born  in  Ireland.  In  1861 
he  came  to  the  United  States  and  lived  in  Xew 
York  until  186.5.  employed  as  blacksmith  for  a 
railroad  company.  lie  then  removed  to  Minne- 
apolis and  worked  as  engineer  in  the  machine 
shops  for  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
comi^any.  He  worked  some  time  witli  Mr.  But- 
ler to  familiarize  liiniself  with  the  manufacture 
of  mill  ])icks.an(l  tlicu  cnibarkcii  in  that  business. 
His  shop  and  contents  were  entirely  destroyed 
by  lire  in  Xovember,  1880.  but  he  rebuilt  on  First 
street  south  where  he  is  now  located.  His  wife 
was  Margaret  Murphy.  Their  children  are  Ed- 
ward and  Margaret. 

A.  II.  Kenyon  was  born  in  Washington  county, 
New  York,  September  Uth,  1842.  He  came 
here  in  February,  1873.  and  engaged  in  the  dry 
goods  trade  for  abnnl  three  years;  then  he  was 
in  partnership  witli  Tliouias  .lelTery  a  while,  and 
in  August,  1880.  went  in  the  carjiet  business 
with  Mr.  McVeigh.  The  firm  carries  a  full  line 
of  everything  appertaining  to  the  wholesale  and 
retail  carpet  trade. 

A\'alter  Kerridge  was  born  in  Xoi'folk  coiinty, 
England.  January  21st,  1854.  He  attended  the 
public  schools  until  eighteen  years  of  age,  then 
learned  the  florist  business  which  he  still  fol- 
lows. In  1872  he  came  to  America,  and  to  lliis 
city  in  1876.  In  .Iiine  of  the  following  year,  he, 
in  company  with  his  fatlier  an<l  limtlicr.  cstab- 
lislicd  tlicir  iircsciil  Imsiness  at  61"  [■■(■iirtli  street 
noilli.     Mr.  Kerridge  has  never  man  ieil. 

John  Keys  was  born  in  1842.  In  Isi!;,'  he 
moved  to  Canada,  learned  the  blacksmith's  trade 
when  young,  and  has  worked  at  it  twenty-one 
years.  He  removed  to  Hastings,  Minnesota,  in 
June,  1862,  thence  to  (iranville,  Dakota  county, 
where  he  lived  five  years.  Seiileiuber.  1879,  he 
caiiii'  here  ami  oix'iied  a  slio]!  mi  First  .street 
south,  and  in  .March,  is.so.  funiii'd  a  partneifihip 
with  T.  H.  Cain  and  bimglit  the  shop.  No.  117 
First  Avemie  soiilli.  lie  was  maiiieil  in  I86;i, 
and  is  the  father  ol  live  children. 

15.  W.  Kimball.  M.  1).,  was  bdin  in  Uelliel. 
Oxford  county.  Maine.  .March  12th,  1829.  He 
received  his  early  education  at  (loiild's  academy. 
and  at  the  lirighton  ai'a<leiii> .  nf  Ciiiiiberland 
county.  He  lirst  studied  meilicine  with  |)i. 
Twitchell,  of  his  native  iilace.  and  next  with  Dr. 
Peasley,  of  Hanover,  New  Hampshire.    He  grad- 


BIOGRAPHICAZ 


.57 


uated  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  from  the  medi- 
cal department  of  Bowdoin  College,  Maine,  in 
1857.  He  practiced  eight  years  as  government 
physician  in  Idalio  and  Oregon,  and  in  July, 
1869,  came  to  this  city.  He  has  been  in  practice 
as  an  occulist  and  aurist  since  1871,  having  studied 
at  tlie  Manhattan  eye  and  ear  infirmary,  the  New- 
York  eye  and  ear  hospital,  and  also  witli  Dr. 
Mark  Stephenson  of  Xew  York.  In  1875  he 
married  Susie  Lyon.  They  have  two  children 
living. 

T.  S.  King  removed  to  Minneapolis  in  the  au- 
tumn of  1862,  and  has  since  been  a  resident  of 
the  city.  Immediately  upon  coming  to  the  city, 
accepted  a  position  on  the  State  Atlas,  a  weekly 
paper  published  by  \V.  S.  King,  and  remained 
with  the  paper  in  a  business  and  editorial  capa- 
city until  the  birth  of  the  Minneapolis  Daily 
Tribune  in  tlie  summer  of  1867,  into  which  the 
Atlas  was  merged.  He  was  city  editor  of  the 
Tribime  for  the  first  eighteen  months  of  its  exis- 
tence. In  July,  1871,  accepted  a  tempting  offer 
from  the  publishers  of  the  St.  Paul  Pioneer,  and 
devoted  himself  to  establishing  the  Minneapolis 
branch  and  editorial  department  of  that  paper. 
Mr.  King  has  since  been,  and  now  is,  connected 
with  the  Pioneer  and  its  successor,  the  Pioneer 
Press,  as  Minneapolis  city  editor. 

Charles  D.  Kingsley,  born  in  Medina  comity, 
Ohio,  September  15th,  1826.  When  quite  young, 
he  moved  with  his  parents  to  ilissouri,  and  in 
April,  1846,  located  at  Marine  Mills,  Minnesota; 
he  followed  lumbering  three  years,  and  in  June, 
1849,  removed  to  St.  Anthony.  He  worked  at 
his  trade  of  stone  mason  and  plasterer  a  number  of 
years,  and  in  1862,  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  Minne- 
sota \'olunteer  Infantry;  he  was  captured  in  June, 
1864,  and  confined  at  Andersonville,  Savannali 
and  Milieu  prisons.  He  came  home  on  a  furlough 
and  was  honorably  discharged  August  1st,  1865. 
He  has  ser\-ed  on  the  police  force  of  this  city 
since  May,  1879.  His  wife  was  Julia  Shepherd, 
who  has  borne  him  four  children,  Ira,  Effle,  and 
William;  John  (deceased.) 

Edward  Kingsley,  a  life  long  resident  of  Min- 
neapolis, was  bom  May  2d,  1856.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  this  city. 
He  has  Iteen  employed  in  the  manufactin-e  of 
eave  troughs,  and  is  at  present  running  a  planer 
in  an  establishment  of  that  kind.    In  1871,  he 


volunteered  in  the  fire  department,  and  was 
appointed  stoker;  on  organization  of  the  paid  de- 
partment, he  was  given  the  position  of  first  pipe- 
man  and  in  2ilay ,  1 880,  was  appointed  foreman.  He 
was  married  in  Minneapolis,  April  17th,  1878,  to 
Miss  Augusta  Gould.  Their  union  has  been 
blessed  with  one  child,  Burton. 

E.  D.  Kirst,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born  in 
1831.  When  but  fourteen  years  of  age  he  com- 
menced to  learn  cabinet-making.  In  1856  he 
came  to  America,  and  for  two  years  lived  in  Sul- 
livan county,  Kew  York,  then  removed  to  Ded- 
ham,  Massachusetts,  and  remained  until  July, 

1861,  when  he  came  to  this  city.    In  August, 

1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  Minnesota,  Com- 
pany B.  The  first  summer  was  spent  in  the 
Indian  campaign;  then  he  went  south  and  partic- 
ipated in  all  the  battles  of  the  regiment.  He  w-as 
mustered  out  August,  1865.  Mr.  Kirst  does  cab- 
inet work,  repairing,  general  jobbing,  and  manu- 
factures com  husk  mattresses  at  923  First  street 
north.  Mr.  Kirst  was  married  in  1861.  His  wife 
died  in  1876;  she  was  the  mother  of  two  boys. 

A.  H.  Kirk  was  born  in  Broome  county.  New 
York,  July,  1847.  He  enlisted  in  the  Sixteenth 
New  York  Battery,  February,  1864,  and  was  hon- 
orably discharged  in  July,  1865.  He  came  to  this 
city  in  1871,  and  was  employed  by  O.  A.  Pray 
and  Company  for  two  years.  After  that  he  took 
charge  of  the  mill  furnishing  shops  for  J.  W. 
Johnson,  and  also  did  the  draughting  for  the 
establishment,  until  May  1st  ,  1878,  when  he 
started  forhimself  in  the  business  of  manufactur- 
ing mill  furnishings.  He  married  Nettie  Strong, 
May  15th,  1873.  Their  two  children  are  Zoe  and 
Freeman. 

;M.  J.  Klopp  was  born  November  28th,  1847,  in 
Lebanon  county.  Pennsylvania.  In  1855  he  went 
to  Logansport,  Indiana,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
years  commenced  learning  carriage-making,  wh  ch 
trade  he  has  since  followed,  ilr.  Klopp's  poor 
health  obliged  him  to  travel,  and  he  spent  some 
time  in  California,  Colorado  and  Arkansas.  In 
June,  1878,  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and  worked  at 
his  trade,  being  employed  by  different  firms  until 
October,  1880,  when  he  opened  a  shop  at  99  Main 
street  S.  E.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  years  he  en- 
listed and  served  eight  months,  then  re-enlisted 
and  .served  until  1865.  His  wife  was  Christiana 
Schaefer.    They  have  one  son,  Henry. 


578 


HISTORY  OF  HENl^'EPIN  COUNTY. 


J.  W.  Kline,  a  native  of  Frederick  county.  Maiy- 
laiid.  was  iKini  in  1S,39.  He  came  to  Minneaiio- 
lis  in  1ST4  and  worlied  at  liis  trade,  tliat  of  coojier, 
until  1877,  when  he.  as.sist€d  by  othere,  formed 
the  Xorth  Star  Barrel  Company.  At  present 
Mr.  Kline  is  president  of  this  company.  He  re- 
sides witli  his  family  in  tliis  city. 

Rev.  David  ]5uell  Knickorbacker  1).  J).,  was 
born  in  Rensselaer  c6unt>'.  New  York,  Feb.  24th, 
183.3.  He  is  the  son  of  Hon.  Herman  Knicker- 
Ijacker.  who  was  a  member  of  congress  from  tliat 
district,  also  judge  of  proljate  in  Rensselaer  coun- 
ty. Uavid  15.  was  prejiared  for  college  at  the 
Academy  of  (ireenwidi.  New  York;  he  then  en- 
tered Trinity  College.  Hartford,  and  graduated 
in  1853;  and  in  June,  1856,  he  graduated  from 
the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
coi)al  Cliurch  of  New  York  city.  On  the  lirst 
Sunday  in  .July  of  the  siime  year. he  was  ordained 
deacon  in  Trinity  Church,  New  York,  by  Rishop 
Potter,  and  w;is  at  once  ai>i)()int('d  mi^iionary 
bi.shop  of  the  north-west.  His  wliiile  ministerial 
life  lias  been  siient  in  Minneapolis.  He  was  or- 
dained prie.sl  in  (iethscniane  Church,  July,  1875, 
by  Rishop  Kemi)er.  In  1874  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  doctor  of  divinity  from  Hartford,  Connec- 
ticut. In  1877  he  was  elected  missionary  bishop 
for  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  but  declined  the 
honor.  He  has  held  the  olllce  of  dean  of  the 
northern  convocation  of  Minnesota,  by  appoint- 
ment of  the  bishop,  since  1870,  and  has  represent- 
ed the  dioci'se  in  general  conventions,  five  times, 
since  its  admi.ssion  into  unioii  witli  the  general 
convention  in  185ii.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
standing  committee  of  the  diocese,  aiul  also  of  its 
missionary  committee  since  its' organization. 

,\.  H.  Kiiowlcs.  a  native  of  Knglaiid,  was  born 
in  1S.UI.  Hi- came  to  the  liiited  Slates  ill  1854. 
and  lived  the  first  few  months  in  I'liiladelpliia, 
then  spent  two  months  in  New  York  in  the 
Hte^im  and  gas  litting  business.  He  traveled  for 
ten  years  tlirough  the  middle  states  building  ga.s 
works,  and  in  18<i(l  cinie  to  this  city  ;  since  which 
time  he  bus  been  in  the  wholesale  and  retail 
liipior  business. 

Alois  Knoblauch.  iKirn  in  Wiirteniberg,  (ier- 
many,  September  24th.  1883.  He  wna  educated 
niul  learned  the  shoemakiiig  trade  in  his  native 
coui.tr>.  In  l(-54  lie  came  to  Ameriia;  worked 
a  short  time  In  New  York,  then  n  moved  to  Chi- 


cago, Illinois,  and  thence  to  Fulton  county.  In 
1857  he  came  here  and  started  a  small  bootund 
shoe  store ;  he  is  now  enjoying  a  thriving  busi- 
ness at  26  First  street  north,  and  125  Washington 
Avenue  south.  He  was  married  in  1858  to  Ame- 
lia Stulcman.  Their  children  are:  Anthony, 
I'raiik.  Amelia.  .Vlois. William.  Henrietta,  George, 
Charles,  Henry,  Alexander  and  a  babe. 

M.  B.  Koon,  bom  Januaiy  22d,  1S41,  in  Steu- 
ben county.  New  York.  lie  moved  with  his  par- 
ents to  Michigan,  and  received  his  education  at 
the  Hillsdale  College.  In  1864  he  went  to  Cali- 
fornia and  remained  two  years,  then  returned  to 
Micliigaii.  studied  law,  and  in  1867,  commenced 
practice  at  Hillsdale;  in  1870,  he  was  elected  pros- 
ecuting attorney  of  that  county,  and  held  the  of- 
fice five  yeans.  In  1878  he  came  to  this  city  and 
established  the  ]iracticp  of  law  in  company  with 
K.  A.  Merrill;  the  firm  of  Koon  and  Menill  con- 
tinued until  November,  1879,  when  Arthur  Keith 
became  associated  with  them,  and  the  lirm  name 
is  now,  Koon.  Merrill  and  Keith.  Jlr.  Koon 
married  Josie  \'an  I)e  Mark  in  1873.  Their 
children  are  Kate  and  Louise.  Residence  No.  30 
Sixth  street  south. 

.John  Kraemer,  a  native  of  (iermany,  was  born 
in  December,  1827.  He  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1857,  and  worked  at  blacksmithing  in 
Chicago  a  few  months,  then  came  to  this  city  and 
continued  the  trade  here  eighteen  years,  with  the 
exception  of  three  years  in  the  war.  He  enlisted 
August  2d,  1862,  in  the  Kighlli  Minnesota  Yol- 
unteers.  His  wife  was  Barbara  Hoch;  their  mar- 
riage occurred  August  2d,  1852.  Mr.  Kraemer 
owns  the  building  which  he  has  occupied  for  the 
past  five  years,  No.  227  Central  Avenue. 

A.  ('.  La  liiash.  a  native  of  .Michigan,  was 
born  July  7th.  IMl.  His  father,  being  a  black- 
smith, taugllt  liilii  tlie  trade  wliile  yet  a  lioy.  In 
the  fall  of  1854,  he  located  at  WaiiUegan.  Illi- 
nois, thence  to  Chicago  where  he  rcinained  foiir- 
teeu  months,  then  returneil  lo  \\aiikeg:in.  and  in 
1858,  he  came  to  St.  Paul,  wlierc,  with  his  father, 
he  opened  a  .shop,  and  for  nearly  two  years  re- 
mained there,  then  came  to  St.  .Viithony.  \\'liile 
here,  he  was  emiiloyed  by  others  until  1861;  he 
then  went  to  Osseo  and  ojiened  an  e.stabli.shment 
of  his  own.  and  reniuiiied  Iheie  until  the  Indian 
outbreak  of  IhOi".  when  he  returned  lo  this  city, 
and  has  since  k  luained.  lioiiig  a  general  black- 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


579 


smithing  business  on  First  street  north.  He 
married  Miss  JuHa  Potviii.  of  Canada,  in  1860. 
They  have  three  sons  and  one  daiigliter. 

H.  R.  Lamoreaiix  was  born  at  Arcadia,  New 
York.  July  23d,  1842.  In  1862,  he  engaged  in  the 
canal  business,  owning,  and  having  in  charge  a 
boat  between  Buffalo  and  Xew  York,  until  1875, 
when  he  came  to  this  city  engaging  in  lumbering 
about  three  years.  In  October,  1880,  he  rented 
and  furnished  his  present  billiard  hall  at  223  First 
Avenue  south.  He  married  JNIary  Smith,  of  New 
York,  March  3d,  1868.  They  have  two  children, 
Louis  and  Mary. 

Christian  Lamp,  a  native  of  Denmark,  was  bom 
August  24th,  1845.  He  passed  his  youth  in  his 
native  place,  where  he  learned  shoemaking. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1873,  and  first 
located  at  Marquette,  Michigan,  remaining  five 
years,  when  he  removed  to  St.  Paul.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1879.  lie  located  at  Minneapolis,  and  with  his 
brother  opened  a  boot  and  shoe  store.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Light  Infantry  band.  He  married 
Miss  Sophia  Nelson,  of  Denmark,  in  1868,  who 
has  borne  him  five  children,  four  of  whom  are 
living:  Walter,  Bodil  :Mary,  Christian  and  Joa- 
chim. 

Joachim  Lamp,  bom  January  7th,  1855,  is  a 
native  of  Denmark.  He  learned  shoemaking 
there,  came  to  the  United  States,  in  1876, 
and  has  been  with  his  brother  since.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Light  Infantry  band,  playing 
baritone  tromlione,  and  strings. 

Freeman  P.  Lane,  of  the  law  firm  of  Ciiddings 
and  Lane,  is  a  native  of  Washington  county, 
Maine,  born  April  20th,  1853.  He  came  west 
with  his  parents  in  1862,  locating  in  Minneapolis. 
He  began  his  labors  by  engaging  as  a  newsboy 
selling  the  Press  and  Pioneer.  He  attended 
school  until  lSti7,  after  which  he  worked  in  L.  L. 
Stanchfield's  mill,  at  the  mouth  of  Bassett's 
Creek.  In  1868  he  was  clerk  for  his  father  in  the 
grocery  business.  He  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Northwestern  Telegraph  Company  as  line  builder 
and  repairer  in  ^Slinnesota  and  Dakota,  and  re- 
mained with  them  until  1872.  During  this  time, 
however,  he  attended  school  two  winters  at  the 
Minneapolis  Business  College.  He  tlien  began 
reading  law  vrith  Albee  Smith,  and  in  1873,  en- 
tered the  Albany  Law  School,  of  New  York. 
lie  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  at  Albany,  May  4th, 


1874,  returned  to  this  city,  and,  in  1875,  formed  a 
partnersliip  with  G.  W.  Ilarl,  and  the  next  year 
the  present  firm  of  Giddingsand  Lane  was  organ- 
ized, and  is  conducting  a  successful  business. 
Mr.  Lane  was  married,  in  1875,  to  Miss  Mollie 
Lauderdale,  who  has  borne  him  two  children: 
Bessie  and  Ina. 

James  S.  Lane  is  a  native  of  New  Brunswick, 
bom  in  1833.  After  reaching  the  age  of  man- 
hood, he  gave  his  attention  principally  to  lumber- 
ing. In  1852,  he  came  to  St.  Anthony  and  engaged 
with  the  old  water  power  company,  and  later  with 
H.  T.  Welles.  He  was  surveyor  general  of  logs 
and  lumber  for  three  terms.  He  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  L.  Butler  and  Company  of  No. 
One  Platform  mills,  now  }tlemman,  Barrows  and 
Company.  He  was  married,  in  1860,  to  Miss 
Aubine  Dorman,by  whom  he  has  seven  children: 
Vema,  Minnie,  Lizzie,  Mittie,  Frank,  Emma  and 
Mark.  His  mother,  Mrs.  Yelma  Lane,  is  a  mem- 
ber of  his  household,  and  though  seventy-five 
years  of  age,  is  in  good  health,  and  has  been  a 
resident  of  this  city  since  1855. 

Leonidas  M.  Lane  was  born  in  1835,  at  St. 
Stephens,  New  Brunswick.  At  sixteen  years  of 
age  he  entered  a  saw  mill,  remaining  there  until 
August,  1855,  when  he  came  St.  Anthony,  and 
entered  the  mills  as  sawyer,  and  remained  until 
1861.  He  then  enlisted  in  Company  A,  First 
Minnesota  Volunteers,  for  three  months.  In  the 
fall  of  1862  he  re-enlisted  in  Company  A,  Ninth 
Minnesota  Volunteers.  At  the  battle  of  Bry- 
son"s  cross-roads,  he  was  taken  prisoner,  and 
taken  to  Macon,  Georgia;  from  there  to  Charles- 
ton, thence  to  Columbia.  After  an  imprison- 
ment of  nine  months  he  reached  the  Union  lines. 
He  returned  to  St.  Anthony  in  March,  1865.  He 
has  since  been  in  the  lumbering  business  in  con- 
nection with  his  brother,  J.  S.  Lane,  and  is  now 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  MeiTinfan,  Barrows  and 
Company.  He  married  Anna  McLeod  in  1869. 
Their  children  are,  Harry,  Eva,  Robbie,  Roscoe 
and  Leon. 

R.  B.  Langdon  was  born  at  New  Haven,  Ver- 
mont, in  1826.  He  received  an  academic  ed- 
ucation, and  began  active  life  as  foreman  of  a 
construction  party  on  the  Rutland  and  Burling- 
ton railroad,  in  1848.  Since  then  the  principal 
business  of  his  life  has  been  the  construction  of 
railroads,  having  under  his  superintendence,  roads 


580 


BISTOIiY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


in  Vermont.  Oliio,  Indiana.  Illinois.  Wi.«consin. 
Minnesota.  Tennessee  and  Mississippi.  He  built 
the  watir-power  canal  for  the  Minneapolis  Mill 
Co..  in  WM,  also  erected  a  nnnilierof  the  import- 
ant buildings  of  the  city.  He  had  charge  of  the 
party  who  broke  the  ground  for  the  first  railroad 
in  the  state,  the  St.  Paul  and  Pacific  railroad,  in 
18oS.  Since  IWifi  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Min- 
neapolis. In  1872,  R.  B.  Langdon  and  Company 
erected  a  planing-mill  on  Third  street  which 
they  still  own.  He  was  strife  senator  for  six  con- 
secutive yeai-s  ending  in  1878,  and  is  now  vice- 
president  of  the  Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road. He  married  Sarah  Smith  in  1859.  Their 
childi-c-n  are:  Cavour,  Martha,  and  Caroline. 

J.  Lange  was  bon>  June  '2-'tth,  lS3(j,  in  Ger- 
many, lie  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the  mason's 
trade  in  his  native  country,  and  in  ISGfi  came  to 
the  I'niled  States  and  located  in  New  York.  Ten 
years  later  he  removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  erected 
the  building  on  Riverside  Avenue,  where  he  is  lo- 
cated, doing  a  good  business  in  gi-oceries.  He 
was  married  in  1809,  to  Helen  (ierdes,  of  Ger- 
many. Tliey  are  the  parents  of  six  children,  four 
of  whom  are  living:  Emily,  Henry,  William, 
and  Herman. 

I>ouis  Laramee  is  a  native  of  Montreal.  Canada, 
bom  April  lllh,  1837.  He  removed  to  Pittsfield. 
Massjicliusetts.  in  18.>,).  and  ent'aged  in  the  pur- 
Hiul  of  his  regular  Iraile.  that  of  harness-making. 
He  came  to  St.  Paul  in  18.'>7  ;  thence  to  St.  An- 
thony, and  to  this  city  in  180.'),  and  has  since  re- 
mained here,  in  business.  His  present  location 
is30t  Nii-ollct  Avenue,  where  he  has  an  extensive 
eotabh.shment,  em|iloying  twenty-eight  men.  I'n- 
til  1870,  he  was  working  as  an  employee,  and  by 
liis  energy  and  stri<'t  attention  (o  business  has  cl- 
evateil  himself  to  his  present  position.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1870,  to  Miss  Alphonsie  Davis,  of  Montreal, 
who  Ixire  him  two  children,  Kugenie  and  Alfred. 

Carl  I^arson  is  a  native  of  Norway,  and  was 
liorn  January  iJOlh,  1814.  Me  came  to  America 
in  1808,  coming  to  Minnesota  and  locating  in 
Fillmore  county,  where  he  resided  four  years,  en- 
gaged as  a  wliejit  buyer.  In  Ih72  lie  came  to 
Minnea|Nilis,  wheri'  he  was  in  the  eiuploy  of  Kast- 
man  and  Itovey  for  Ihree  years,  lie  kept  a  board- 
liig-hiiuw  in  this  city  for  three  years,  and  in  1878, 
U'l-ame  proprietor  of  the  \'icloria  llolel,  wlir're 
he  In  hUII.     He  was  married  in  Norway,  to  Mar- 


tha lialtzerson.  in  1800.  They  have  one  adopted 
child,  whom  they  call  George  Lareon. 

Eben  E.  Lawrence,  machinist  at  Anchor  mill, 
was  bom  at  Cherryfield.  Washington  county, 
Maine.  November  7th.  1847.  lie  came  to  Miime- 
apolis  in  April,  1870,  and  gave  his  attention  to 
lumbering  until  the  the  spring  of  1877.  He  then 
eiijiaged  in  the  Pillsbury  mill,  remaining  three 
yeai-s;  then  to  the  Anchor  mill  as  machinist. 
While  in  the  lumber  business  he  passed  several 
wintcre  in  the  pineries,  occupying  positions  as 
chopper  and  superintendent. 

W.  II.  Lauderdale  was  born  in  Livingston 
county.  New  York.  August  l.')th.  1830.  He  ob- 
tained his  education  at  his  native  place,  in  the 
public  schools.  At  sixteen  years  of  age  he  com- 
menced the  tailor's  trade,  completing  it  at  San- 
dusky, Ohio.  He  went  to  Wooster  in  1849.  where 
he  remained  four  years.  In  the  fall  of  1857 
he  came  to  Minneapolis.  lie  took  a  claim 
near  Lake  Calhoun,  on  which  he  lived  until  1800, 
when  he  invested  in  another  in  Brooklyn  town- 
ship, and  after  retiiaining  one  year  returned  to 
this  city  and  engaged  in  the  dairy  business  until 
1879.  The  next  year  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Miner  Ball,  dealing  in  real  estate.  They 
dissolved  iiarlnersliii)  in  1881.  and  he  began  busi- 
ness under  the  firm  name  of  Lauderdale  and  Com- 
pany, at  11  Washington  Avenue  north.  He  was 
married  in  1852  to  Mary  K.  Sloane,  who  bore  him 
three  children  :  Margaret,  Jeaiu'tte,  Mollie.  and 
Frank.  Airs.  Lauderdale  died  in  1872.  His  sec- 
ond wife  was  Mrs.  Susan  Robertson,  of  Nova 
Scotia.    They  have  one  child,  (ieorge  Hayes. 

James  W.  Lawrence,  of  the  lunnif  Wilson  and 
Lawi-ence,  was  liuiii  in  New  York,  .\ugust  9tli, 
1810.  He  moved  with  liis  iiarents  to  Syracuse, 
where,  while  yoinig.  lie  atteiiile(l  the  graded 
school.  In  1857  he  accompanied  his  parents  to 
St.  Anthony,  remaining  until  1800,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Syracuse  and  entered  Hamilton  Col- 
lege in  1804.  from  which  he  graduated  after  a 
four  years"  course.  He  read  law  in  New  York 
city,  with  Sheldon  and  Brown,  one  year.  and.  in 
1809,  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  retiiniecl  to 
this  city  in  1870.  and  the  next  year  formed  the 
partnei-ship  wliicli  now  exists.  During  these  in- 
tervening years  he  has  served  two  terms  as  coun- 
ty attorney  of  Hennepin  countx.  Mr.  Lawrence 
was  married,  in  l87.'i,  to  Miss    .Mar\.  daiinliter  of 


BIOGSAPBICAL. 


581 


J.  K.  Sidle.    They  have  two  cliildren,  Jacob  S. 
and  James,  Jr. 

Brady  Lawson  is  a  native  of  Norway,  born  in 
1845.  lie  came  to  the  United  States  in  ISO",  lo- 
cating first  in  Ean  Claire,  AVisconsin;  thence  to 
Minneapolis  in  1880.  He  is  proprietor  of  the 
Eau  Claire  House,  211  Second  Avenue  south. 
He  married  Ida  Oelson,  in  1S73,  wlio  bore  him 
three  children:  Levi,  Dewettand  Edward. 

Jerome  Layman,  one  of  the  oldest  residents  of 
this  county,  came  to  this  city  with  his  parents 
when  less  than  one  year  of  age,  in  1.S52.  At  that 
time  there  were  but  three  houses  on  the  west 
side  of  the  river.  He  has  passed  twenty-seven 
summers  and  winters  on  the  same  location,  cor- 
ner of  Eigliteenth  Avenue  and  Twenty-first 
street.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Knickerbocker 
Furniture  Company,  a  description  of  which  is 
given  elsewhere. 

Rev.  N.  M.  Learned,  pastor  of  Franklin  Ave- 
nue Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  was  born  in 
Vermont,  October  29th.  1838.  He  was  converted 
in  1855,  licensed  to  preach  in  1859;  studied  at 
Newbury  Seminary  and  New  Hampton  Tlieolo- 
gical  Institute.  Received  into  the  conference  in 
1863,  and  was  ordained  deacon  in  1865.  Ordained 
elder,  1867,  filling  appointments  at  Eden  Mills 
and  other  places.  Was  sent  to  Stowe  for  two 
years,  then  to  Bakersfleld  for  two  years.  While 
there  buried  his  wife,  then  went  to  Cambridge,tlien 
to  ^liddletown  Springs,  and  Clarendon  Springs. 
Then  transferred  by  Bishop  Simpson  to  Troy  con- 
ference New  York.  While  at  Wells,  had  a  great 
revival,  and  over  one  hundred  conversions, 
which  resulted  in  the  founding  of  a  cliurch,  and 
he  was  imanimously  invited  to  be  its  pastor, 
which  he  accepted  and  remained  for  two  years. 
Tlien  failing  health  sent  him  to  Mhniesota,  and 
at  the  request  of  Uie  presidhig  elder  of  the  St. 
Cloud  district,  he  went  to  Sauk  Rapids.  He 
then  went  to  Austin,  Texas,  for  a  few  months, 
and  returning  to  Minnesota,  was  transferred  by 
Bishop  Wiley  from  the  Troy  conference  to  the 
Minnesota  conference  and  stationed  at  Clinton 
Avenue  Metliodist  Episcopal  church,  St.  Paul,  for 
one  year.  Then  to  Farmington  for  two  years, 
douig  much  good.  Then  to  the  Washington  Av- 
enue Methodist  Episcopal  church  for  two  years; 
many  were  added  to  the  church;  he  found  a  delrt  of 
$2,000,  which  was  provided  for.  The  quarterly  con- 


ference unanimously  voted  for  his  return,  but  on 
account  of  the  great  strain  upon  his  system,  asked 
for,  and  was  permitted  to  make  a  change.  Married 
February  16th,  1864,  toMissSaphroua  Buck, of  St. 
Albans,  Vermont,  a  lady  of  rare  accomplishments, 
and  a  skilled  artist,  whose  fame  and  loveliness  was 
too  soon  cut  off  by  death.  Married  again  in  Octo- 
ber, 1873,  to  Miss  Lucy  A.  Herrick,  of  St.  Albans, 
Vermont,  who  was  educated  at  the  New  Hamp- 
ton Institute.  She  is  a  lady  of  high  culture 
and  an  artist  of  distinction  and  fine  taste,  as  the 
many  beautiful  pictures,  which  adorn  the  walls 
of  their  pleasant  home  will  testify.  They  have 
two  children,  Frank  II.,  and  Mattie  I. 

Julius  Leber  is  a  native  of  Dresden,  Kingdom 
of  Saxony,  born  February  22d,  1828.  He  acquired 
a  linowledge  of  truss  making  at  Dresden,  and 
worked  at  his  trade  in  Liverpool,  Berlin,  Vienna, 
and  other  European  cities,  until  1849,  when  he 
emigrated  to  Ameri-^a,  and  worked  in  New  York, 
St.  Louis,  New  Orleans,  Philadelphia  and  other 
places  until  1870 ;  he  then  bought  a  farm  and  lo- 
cated at  Anoka,  Minnesota.  Two  years  later  he 
removed  to  Minneapolis  aud  commenced  the 
manufacture  of  trusses,  wire  bolting  cloth,  and 
mechanical  apparatus  for  deformities.  The  greater 
portion  of  his  work  is  done  by  contract  for  medi- 
cal men  of  large  cities.  Mr.  Leber  was  maiTied 
in  1851,  to  Teresa  Brudj  of  Saxony.  Their  child- 
ren are:  William,  Henry,  Louisa,  Julius,  Jr..  and 
Adolph. 

John  T.  Lee  was  bom  in  1840,  and  is  a  native 
of  Canada.  He  accompanied  his  parents  to  Ver- 
mont, and  in  1856  to  Lowell,  Massachusetts. 
His  father  was  a  blacksmith  and  taught  his  son 
the  trade,  while  so  young  he  was  obliged  to  stand 
on  a  box  to  strike  the  anvil.  In  1875,  Mr.  Lee  re- 
moved to  ^Montreal,  Canada,  and  there  remained 
in  the  blacksmith  and  carriage  making  business 
until  1879,  when  he  came  to  this  city.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  city  council  of  Lowell,  in  1866-7 
and  was  trial  justice  in  the  same  place  fourteen 
years.  He  was  married  in  1863,  to  Miss  Lucy 
Marsh,  who  bore  him  one  son,  George. 

John  M.  Lee  was  born  in  New  York,  August 
19th,  1827.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1856  and 
located  in  St.  Anthony,  and  worked  a  short  time 
at  carpentering ;  he  then  removed  to  Michigan 
wliere  he  remained  until  IKfio,  when  he  enlisted 
in  the  Eleventh  Michigan  Infantry  and  went  to 


d82 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Tennessee,  wliere  lie  remained  luitil  September, 
lH(i.5.  and  refcived  liis  discliarge.  He  located  in 
McLeod  county.  Minnesota,  on  a  fami,  in  IWJS, 
and  remained  three  years,  tben  returned  to  Min- 
neapolis and  lias  since  given  liis  attention  to  car- 
IK'iitering.  lie  was  married  in  1858.  to  Almira 
Jones  of  New  York,  by  whom  he  has  Iwci  child- 
ren: Eliza  and  Acnes. 

L.  A.  Lpgg  was  born  in  Lowell,  Massachusetts 
February  IXtli.  IW.'J.  He  moved  to  Berlin.  Wis- 
consin, while  quite  young,  and  in  1866  reinoved 
to  MinneaiK)Iis.  He  has  been  at  his  present  lo- 
cation. Fourth  street  south,  between  Xicollet  and 
First  Avenue  south,  about  two  years.  He  has  a 
sale,  livery,  and  lK>arding  stable.  He  was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Annie  Xoren  in  1878. 

John  (i.  Lennon  was  born  at  Bolton,  England, 
July  (ith.  181.5.  He  came  to  America  in  1841,  as 
suiwrcargo  of  a  vessel,  for  the  firm  in  whose  em- 
ploy he  had  been.  He  landed  in  New  Orleans, 
and  after  delivering  the  cargo,  passed  two  years 
in  traveling  through  the  slates,  and  in  1843  loca- 
ted at  St.  Croix  Falls,  remaining  two  years,  when 
he  returned  to  St.  Louis  and  engaged  with  the 
American  Fur  Company.  He  returned  to  Men- 
dota,  Minnesota,  in  1846,  and  the  next  year  re- 
moved to  St.  I'aul.  In  1849  betook  charge  of 
the  St.  Anthony  outfit,  and  remained  until  18.56; 
tlien  iK-gan  liusiness  for  himself  in  the  mercan- 
tile and  lumbering  line.  This  he  sold  in  18-59, 
and  removed  to  his  stock-farm  in  Sibley  county, 
remaining  until  the  rebellion.  He  accompanied 
the  Sibley  expedition  to  Devil's  Lake  and  the 
Missouri  river,  a.s  assistant  in  the  commissary 
departnienl  under  ('a)itain  Forbes.  He  reliuiied 
to  Foil  Siielliiig  in  the  fall  of  186.3,  then  went  to 
Memphis,  Tennessee,  where  he  was  quartermas- 
ter of  the  first  division  of  the  Sixteenth  corps  un- 
der tJcnenil  Mower.  They  disbamled  at  Louis- 
ville. Kentucky,  where  he  remained  in  the  real 
estjite  biiHiness  and  prosecuting  claims  for  the 
Kovertiment.  In  187;<  he  returned  to  this  city, 
and  h;Ls  since  continued  in  the  real  estate  busi- 
ness. During  the  winter  of  1H77  he  sufTeieil  a 
stroke  of  panilysis.  from  which  he  has  never 
fully  recovered.  He  was  married  at  Fort  Siiell- 
iiig to  Mary  U.  .Mc  Lain,  in  lK-51.  Their  children 
an-  Catharine  and  John. 

W.  H.  Lt-onanl.  physician  and  surgeon,  was 
Ixmiin  Tolland  county,  Connecticut,  December, 


1826.  He  received  a  high  school  education  in 
his  native  state,  and  one  course  at  the  New 
York  State  I'nivei-sity,  and  graduated  from  the 
Yale  iledical  School,  session  of  1852-3.  lie  set- 
tled in  Wyoming  county.  New  York,  and  began 
his  practice.  lie  removed  to  Minneapolis  in 
185.5,  and  has  continued  in  practice  here  since. 
In  November,  1862,  he  entered  the  army  as 
assistant  surgeon  of  tlie  Fifth  Minnesota  Infantry, 
and  was  afterwards  promoted  to  surgeon.  He 
mustered  out  at  Fort  Snelling  in  1865,  and  re- 
sumed his  practice  as  a  physician  immediately 
after  his  discharge.  He  was  health  ofHcer  of  the 
first  lioard  organized  in  this  city.  When  he  be- 
gan ill  Ills  profession,  he  was  the  youngest  prac- 
titioner in  the  city.  He  was  married  in  Octo- 
ber, 1853,  to  Miss  Jane  Preston,  of  Connecticut. 
Their  children  are:  William,  now  a  physician, 
and  Gertrude. 

John  Leppla,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
in  1846.  He  came  to  the  I'nited  States  in  1860, 
and  passed  two  years  in  Pennsylvania  and  Ken- 
tucky; then  reinoved  to  Aiipleton,  Wisconsin, 
remaining  two  years.  In  lsi;4  he  came  to  Min- 
neapolis and  engaged  in  iiiiniiig  until  1876.  when 
he  opened  a  saloon  and  billiard  liall.  He  was 
married  in  1871,  to  Lena  Wistfall.  who  bore  him 
three  children:  Lena.  Annie,  and  John. 

G.  L.  Levi  and  Company  are  proprietors  of 
the  Philadelphia  One  Price  Clothing  Store,  at 
205  Hennepin  Avenue  and  204  Nicollet  Avenue. 
The  house  on  lleiiiiepin  .\ venue  was  established 
by  Aultman  and  Loucheiin.  who  were  succeeded 
by  G.  L.  Levi  and  Company,  in  IS77.  This  linn 
removed  to  their  iiresent  location  the  next  year, 
where  they  transact  a  jobbing  and  retail  bu.si- 
ness.  The  iinliviilual  iiiciiilicrs  of  tlie  firm  are 
G.  L.  Levi  and  .M.  Li'vi. 

(i.  F.  Libby  is  a  native  of  .Maiiif.  Iioni  in  Octo- 
ber, 1834.  At  the  age  of  sixteen,  he  learned  the 
trade  of  Iplacksinilhing  in  Clierrylield,  of  his  na- 
.tive  state.  In  1854,  he  located  in  Wisconsin,  and 
the  next  year  reinoved  to  St.  Anthony,  He  re- 
mained only  a  short  time,  then  went  to  .Monticello 
and  opened  a  blacksmith  simp.  'I'hcic  he  rcsidecl 
until  1858.  when  he  relunied  to  this  city  and 
opened  an  establishment  at  his  present  location, 
104  Fii-st  street  north,  it  being  at  that  time,  the 
only  one  of  the  kind  on  that  street.  He  was  en- 
gaged  three  years  in   lumbering  in   connection 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


583 


with  his  trade.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Elsie 
Sime,  of  Xew  Brunswick,  in  1860.  Tliey  have 
three  sons  and  five  daughters.  Mr.  Libby  served 
two  years  as  street  commissioner. 

Joseph  Libby  was  born  at  Goldsboroiigli,  Maine, 
January  12tli,  1805.  He  lived  there  tvi'enty-flve 
years,  then  removed  to  'Washinsrton  county,  giv- 
ing las  attention  to  lumbering.  In  1850,  he  came 
to  this  city  and  almost  immediately  started  up 
Bum  Biver,  on  a  prospecting  tonr.  He  engaged 
in  lumbering  on  this  river  for  seven  years,  about 
oTie  hundred  miles  above  the  present  site  of 
Anoka.  In  1857,  he  built  a  flat-boat,  seventy-four 
by  eight  feet,  and  after  loading  it  with  supplies 
for  the  camp  during  the  winter,  towed  and  ])ad- 
dled  it  up  the  JNlississippi  about  two  hundred 
miles.  lie  had  a  crew  of  sixteen  men.  eight 
working  oxen,  some  cattle  for  beef,  and  one  horse 
used  to  tow  the  boat.  They  were  about  twenty- 
six  days  on  the  route.  Mr.  Libby  was  the  first 
lumberman  in  that  region,  and  worked  there  un- 
til 1877.  He  has  since  lived  with  his  family  in 
this  city,  enjoying  the  fruits  of  his  labors.  He 
was  married  in  July,  1832,  to  Miss  Priscilla  Wil- 
son. They  are  the  parents  of  nine  children,  seven 
of  whom  are  living,  the  eldest  being  forty-two. 

Thomas  Libby  is  a  native  of  England,  born  Au- 
gust 29th,  1 824.  He  learned  the  mechanic's  trade 
at  home.  In  August.  18.50,  he  came  to  tlie  United 
States  and  located  at  iMiddletown,  Connecticut, 
where  he  remained  working  at  his  trade  five 
years.  He  then  removed  to  a  farm  in  Wisconsin, 
where  he  resided  fifteen  or  sixteen  years  engaged 
in  farming,  in  connection  with  his  trade.  He 
removed  to  Baraboo,  and  remained  until  com- 
ing to  Minneapolis  in  1878.  He  married  Miss 
Theresa  Hocking,  of  England,  in  1845.  They 
have  four  children:  Theresa,  Thomas,  Mary  and 
William. 

N.  P.  Liljengren  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  in 
1845.  He  came  to  America  in  1873,  and  located 
in  Illinois,  coming  to  this  city  the  next  year.  He 
worked  as  furniture  polisher  until  1877,  when  he 
started  in  the  manufacturing  business  and  has 
been  successfully  engaged  in  it  since.  He  was 
united  to  Miss  Augusta  Anderson  in  1877.  Besi- 
dence  Ninth  Avenue  south. 

II.  P.  Lillibridge,  a  well  knovi'n  resident  of 
Minneapolis,  was  born  May  2(ith,  1836,  at  Wil- 
ijiington,  Tof[d  county,  Connecticut.    He  came 


to  this  city  in  18-56  and  after  remaining  a  few 
months  removed  to  Monticello,  Wright  county, 
where  he  remained  eight  years  in  the  mercantile 
business;  he  was  a  clerk  for  Pox  and  Mealy  one 
year,  then  bought  Mr.  Mealy's  interest  in  1857. 
He  sold  out  bis  interest  and  returned  to  this  city 
in  1865  and  in  partnership  with  J.  (i.  Smith  en- 
gaged in  making  sash,  doors  and  blinds.  He  dis- 
posed of  his  interest  and  kept  books  for  J.  Dean 
and  Company,  and  remained  until  he  purchased 
the  cracker  bakery.  Mr.  Lillibridge  is  now  con- 
ducting the  leading  cracker  and  confectionery 
manufactory  of  the  north-west,  located  in  three 
buildings,  13,  17  and  19  South  Third  street. 

I.  L.  Lincoln  was  born  in  Worcester,  Massa- 
chusetts, April  5th,  1818.  He  learned  his  trade, 
that  of  blacksmithing,  at  sixteen  years  of  age. 
He  passed  a  number  of  years  in  visiting  through 
his  native  state  and  New  Hampshire  and  in 
August,  1847,  removed  to  Peru,  South  America, 
engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade  and  ship- 
ping provisions,  until  1855.  He  then  located  in 
Illinois  and  worked  in  a  steam  saw  mill  one  and 
one-half  years,  thence  to  Kankakee,  residing  seven 
years  on  a  farm.  He  came  to  St.  Paul  in  1863 
and  two  years  later  went  to  South  Bend  and  Far- 
mington.  In  1872  he  made  this  city  his  home 
and  has  since  remained  here  in  the  blacksmithing 
business.  At  present  he  is  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Lincoln  and  Lee.  He  has  been  married  three 
times;  to  his  present  wife  in  1874. 

Hans  Lindas  was  born  in  Marshall,  Wisconsin, 
in  1854.  He  passed  his  youth  in  his  native  town 
and  learned  the  trade  of  tinsmith.  In  1S75  he  re- 
moved to  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin  ;  thence  in  1876 
to  Chicago.  The  next  year  he  came  to  this  city 
continuing  at  his  trade  until  1880,  when  he  be- 
came one  of  the  firm  of  Cross  and  Lindas,  located 
at  829  Washington  Avenue  south.  He  v»as  mar- 
ried in  1878,  to  Belle  Ilowland  of  Norway,  who 
bore  him  one  child,  Charles. 

II.  Lindblad  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  July 
12th,  1850.  He  gained  a  knowledge  of  machin- 
ery in  his  native  country,  and  in  1872,  came  to 
America.  He  was  employed  as  a  house-builder 
and  cabinet  maker,  at  Taylor's  Palls,  Minne.sotr, 
two  years,  and  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1874. 
Here  he  has  been  engaged  in  building,  also  in 
the  different  nulls  of  the  city  as  a  mill-wright  for 
two  years  past,  and  is  now  in  the  Petlit  mill.  He 


£84 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNIY. 


married  Miss  Jolianna  Johnson  in  1S74.    Tbeir 
cliildren  arc.  John.  Ilt'rnian  ami  Ilelpi. 

TlionijLs  M.  Linton  was  boni  at  Dover,  New 
Ilanipsliire.  December  2olh.  Mi'il.  He  went  to 
California  in  1851,  and  engaged  in  mining  three 
years,  when  he  came  to  tliis  city  and  gave  his  at- 
tention to  liimhering  live  years;  he  was  then  in 
tlie  employ  of  A.  Kelly,  grocer,  three  years.  He 
traveled  through  Oregon.  Montana.  California. 
and  l"tah,  pa.ssing  two  years,  then  returned  to 
this  city  in  1804.  Two  yeare  after  his  return,  the 
firm  of  Clark  and  Linton  was  established — whole- 
sale dealers  in  grain.  Hour  and  feed,  505  AVash- 
ington  Avenue  .south.  He  was  married  in  1809 
to  Mi.ss  Alary  liean,  who  bore  him  one  child. 
Mary. 

A.  Livingston  was  Iwrn  in  Schoharie  county, 
Xew  York,  in  1845.  He  acconii>anied  his  parents 
to  Altony  in  1857,  and  remained  there  until  1864, 
tlie  last  three  yeai-s  being  spent  in  the  dry-goods 
business.  He  next  removed  to  Janesville,  Wis- 
consin, dealing  in  groceries  mitil  1871,  when  he 
came  to  Minneapolis,  The  ne.xt  year  he  bought 
the  st<K-k  of  groceries  from  Mr,  George  Wales  at 
8j:i  Fourlh  street  soutli,  where  he  lias  since  re- 
mained. He  wa.s  married  in  1873  to  Lizzie  Love, 
of  Albany,  New  York.  They  have  one  daughter 
living,  finice. 

William  I..iichren.  of  the  linn  of  Lochren,  Mv- 
Nairand  (iillillan.  wnn  born  April  3d,  1832,  at 
Tyrone.  Irelaml.  He  came  to  America  at  the  age 
of  two  years  and  passed  his  youth  in  northern 
\'<-rmiint.  and  n-ceived  a  common  school  and  aca- 
demic education.  He  read  law,  and  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  in  Franklin  county.  X'ennont,  in 
1H.V>.  During  that  year,  he  came  to  St.  Anthony 
and  practiced  his  profession  tliere  until  IHIIH.  with 
the  exception  of  the  time  passed  in  the  army.  In 
IHOi).  the  (irni  of  Lochri'ii  and  McNair  was  formccl, 
which  continued  until  IH7I.  when  J.  1(.  (iillillan 
wjw  admitted  as  partner.  Mr.  I^ochren  enlisted 
ILH  private  in  the  First  Minnesota  \'oliinteers  in 
IHtll.  but  in  r'oiirse  of  time,  was  promoted  to 
First  Lieutenant:  he  resigne<l  two  months  before 
hiM  (lis<;hiirge.  After  his  return,  he  was  city  at- 
torney much  of  the  time,  until  the  consolidation 
of  the  two  citieH,  He  was  elected  stale  senator 
in  IwiH  from  the  fourth  district,  which  then  in- 
cluded Hennepin,  .Vnoka,  Isanti,  Mille  Lacs  and 
Itenlon  counties.     He  was  also  citv  attorney  of 


I  this  city  in  1877,     He  was  married  in  1871  to  Mrs. 
Alartha  Denimon,  who  died  in  1879.  leaving  one 

I  daughter,  Martha. 

J.  E.  Lockwood,  of  the  firm  of  Lockwood,  Up- 
ton and  Company,  was  born  in  Orange  county. 
New  York,  in  1SM2.  Tie  learned  the  trade  of 
machinist  at  the  Matteawan  Mannfucturing  Iron 
Works,  one  of  the  oldest  establishments  in  that 
country,  in  1845.  In  1854  he  went  to  Providence, 
Khode  Island,  where  he  was  engaged  in  steam 
engine  works,  wliicli  during  the  war  employed 
sixteen  hundred  men.  In  18G5  he  entered  the 
Schenck  Machine  Works  as  superintendent,  re- 
maining until  18()9,  when  he  removed  to  Minnea- 
polis, and  superintended  the  Minnesota  Iron 
Works  until  1872.  He  then  commenced  business 
for  himself  in  a  shop  where  the  Ilundmldt  mill 
now  stands.  From  there  he  removed  to  his  pres- 
ent location,  and  the  present  firm  was  organized. 
He  was  married  in  1855  to  Martha  Colville,  Their 
children  living  are  Edwin  and  Mary. 

II.  Lohse,  a  native  of  Hamburg.  Germany,  was 
born  August  19th,  1853.  He  studied  art  in  Ger- 
many from  1870  luitil  January,  1880,  when  he 
came  to  Minneapolis.  He  worked  with  Mr.  W. 
Brown  a  few  months,  then  went  in  partnership 
with  him,  and  finally  bought  his  interest  in  the 
business.  Mr.  Lohse  docs  fine  work  in  card  and 
cabinet  photographs.  His  gallery  is  119  Wash- 
ington Avenue  north. 

A.  C.  Loring  was  born  in  Wilwaukee,  Wiscon- 
sin, August  31st,  1858.  At  the  age  of  two  years 
he  moved  with  his  father  to  Miinieai)olis.  The 
firm  of  XN'eeks  and  Loring  was  organized  January 
1st.  1880.  They  are  wholesale  dealei-s  in  grain, 
mill-feecl.  etc.,  and  will  this  year  buy  and  .sell 
two  thousand,  seven  hundred  and  fifty  car-loads, 
doing  business  mostly  with  New  York  and  New 
F>ngland.  Their  i>l.icc  of  Imsiness  is  4(i5  M'ash- 
ington  Avenue  south.  He  married  Miss  Ida 
Eastman  in  1n79.  One  child  has  been  born  to 
them.  I"ri'il.  .Mrs.  Loring  dii'd  in  Xovemlier, 
1880. 

fS.  1{.  Lovejoy  was  born  at  Livermore,  Maine, 
in  1850.  He  came  with  his  i)arents  to  St.  An- 
thony in  1854.  In  1808  he  entered  the  First  Na- 
tional l{aid<  as  collection  boy  and  corr('Si)onding 
clerk,  jifter  which  he  held  the  position  of  assist- 
ant book-keeper,  am!  in  Is7i;  was  jiromoted  to 
chief   iKiok-keejK'r.     In    1874   he   took   charge  of 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


585 


W.  Hale  and  Company's  flouring-niill,  and  the 
next  year  the  firm  dissolved.  lie  then  became 
treasurer  of  the  Rum  River  Boom  Company,  and 
has  since  held  that  position.  lie  was  married  in 
this  city,  in  1872,  to  iliss  Louise,  daughter  of 
George  N.  Morgan,  now  deceased,  an  old  settler 
of  this  country.  Their  children  are :  Emma 
Louise,  Edith,  and  Ethel. 

Henry  A.  Loverin  was  born  in  Chicago,  in 
1838.  He  came  to  St.  Anthony  in  1840,  and  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  years  went  to  California,  re- 
maining nine  years.  lie  returned  to  St.  Anthony 
and  was  married  in  1865,  when  he  removed  to 
Chicago  remaining  there  nine  years  engaged  in 
contracting  and  building.  In  1874  he  located  in 
this  city,  and  the  year  following  established  his 
present  business,  that  of  carpentering,  cabinet- 
making  and  jobbing. 

F.  P.  Lowell  is  a  native  of  Maine,  born  October 
28th,  18.52.  He  passed  his  childhood  and  received 
bis  educaton  in  his  native  place.  In  1868  he 
went  to  Florida,  but  returned,  however,  the  same 
year.  In  1871  he  engaged  in  business  in  Port- 
land, Maine,  but  sold  out  the  next  year  and  re- 
tiu-ned  to  his  native  place  where  he  opened  a 
grocery  store,  in  which  he  continued  until  1876; 
he  then  sold  out  and  removed  to  this  city.  He 
first  had  a  stand  in  the  city  market  and  then 
bought  the  grocery  store  at  229  Central  Avenue, 
where  he  has  remained.  He  wai  married,  in 
1874,  to  Lizzie  Foye,  who  died  three  years  after, 
leaving  one  child,  Harry.  He  married  in  188(1, 
Martha  Hughes,  who  has  borne  him  one  child. 
Myrtle. 

J.  F.  Low  was  born  at  Frankfort,  jiame,  in 
1831.  He  remained  with  his  parents  until  1850, 
when  he  went  to  Boston  and  remained  four  years, 
then  came  west,  locating  at  St.  Anthony  in  Octo- 
ber, 1854.  At  that  time  there  were  but  two 
buildings  on  the  west  side.  When  the  news  was 
received  that  that  land  was  open  to  entry,  over 
two  hundred  claim  shanties  sprang  up  in  one 
night.  Mr.  Low  traded  a  gold  watch  for  a  claim, 
which  he  sold  two  weeks  later  for  five  hundred 
dollars.  He  took  out  the  first  auctioneer's  license 
issued  in  Minnesota,  and  in  company  with  Mr. 
Sawtelle  engaged  in  selling  goods  at  auction  in 
the  towns  adjoining.  He  removed  to  Oak  (irove, 
on  a  farm,  where  he  remained  four  years,  thence 
to  St.  Paul  two  years.    In   1862,  he  enlisted   in 


Company  G,  Sixth  Minnesota  Infantry,  and  was 
in  the  Indian  campaign.  One  year  later  he  re- 
turned to  Fort  Snelling  and  remained  five  years- 
lie  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at 
Darwin,  Minnesota,  two  years,  then  came  to  this 
city,  taking  charge  of  the  Pacific  elevator,  which 
position  he  has  since  held.  He  married  Miss 
Leathers,  of  Maine,  who  died  in  1870.  His  sec- 
ond wife  was  Miss  Cyphers,  of  this  city.  They 
have  six  children,  the  oldest  son  being  a  conductor 
on  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Manitoba  Rail- 
road, running  from  St.  Paul  to  St.  Cloud. 

S.  B.  Loye  is  a  native  of  New  Brunswick,  born 
July  19th,  1835.  He  moved  to  Maine  in  1855, 
thence  to  Kansas,  coming  to  Minneapolis  by  boat, 
in  1857.  He  learned  harness  making  after  leav- 
ing school,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  on  coming  to 
this  city  engaged  in  the  harness  business.  He 
was  formerly  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Greeley, 
Loye  and  Company,  this  establishment  being  one 
of  the  first  here.  lie  was  married  in  1861,  to 
Antoinette  Palmer,  of  Hennepin  county,  who 
has  borne  him  three  sons:  William,  Edwin,  and 
Albert.  Mr.  Loye's  place  of  business  is  118 
Wasliington  Avenue  south. 

Rudolph  Lueck,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom 
February  24th,  1838.  He  came  to  the  United 
States,  in  1866,  and  spent  one  year  in  Wisconsin, 
at  Milwaukee  and  LaCrosse.  In  1867  he  located 
in  this  city,  being  in  the  employ  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railroad  car  shops  untU 
1877,  when  he  opened  a  restaurant  and  sample 
room,  at  1219,  Washington  Avenue  south,  where 
he  has  since  remained.  He  married  Constance 
Riepenzike,  in  1866.    They  have  one  child:  Mary. 

Mary  Hale  Lufkin,  M.  D.,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son county,  Indiana,  and  received  her  early  ed- 
ucation there.  She  studied  medicine,  and  grad- 
uated from  the  Ilygeo  Therapeutic  College,  of 
Xevv  York,  in  1863.  with  the  degree  of  M.  D. 
After  graduating  she  practiced  in  Indiana  until 
1870,  when  she  removed  to  Minneapolis  and  has 
since  practiced  here.  Her  method  of  treatment 
is  principally  by  application  of  various  kinds  of 
baths,  on  hygienic  principles,  such  as  electro-ther- 
mal, improved  Turkish,  etc.  Her  establishment 
is  known  as  the  Hygienic  Health  Institute,  and 
is  the  only  one  of  the  kind  in  the  city.  Located 
2o0;l  First  Avenue  South. 

Mr.  Gus  Lundell,  partner  in  business  of  P. 


586 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Osaiider.  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  April  2oth, 
1846.  lie  attended  tlie  public  schools  in  his  na- 
tive country  a  number  of  terms,  and  in  1868 
emifrnitwi  to  t^tiiebec.  Canada.  Tlie  same  year 
he  removed  to  Iowa,  and  engaged  in  farming 
until  1871.  when  he  located  in  Minneapolis,  and 
entered  into  jiartnership  witli  P.  Osander.  deal- 
ing in  pMmi)s.  wind-mills,  and  general  business 
in  wells.  2o7  First  Avenue  south. 

A.  (J.  Lundberg.  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born 
l)eceml>er  18th.  1847.  Here  he  lived  until  1870, 
during  which  time  he  gained  a  knowledge  of 
shoe-making.  He  then  came  to  the  United 
States,  locating  first  at  Hastings,  Minnesota, 
thence  to  Minneapolis  in  1872.  where  he  worked 
at  his  trade  six  years,  then  oi)ened  a  shoj)  witli 
Mr.  Odegsird  at  12  Second  Avenue  south.  He 
married  Annie  Dahlgren,  of  Sweden,  in  1877. 
They  have  two  children,  Ludwig  and  Kiith. 

C  C.  hyford  \.  8..  graduated  from  the  Illinois 
Intlustilal  Tniversity  in  '75,  from  the  McGill  Med 
ical  College  in  1879.  and  from  the  Montreal  Xei- 
erinary  College  in  I.S77.  He  came  to  .Minneapo- 
lis in  .March,  issii.  and  began  practicing  his  pro- 
fes-sion:  he  also  practiced  during  vacations  of 
Hfh<K)l.  onice  and  infirmary.  .Soil  and  .311  Sec- 
ond Avenue  south. 

John  Lynch,  mill-wright  of  Cataract  mill,  was 
lioni  in  1887.  He  learned  the  trade  of  miller  in 
his  native  country,  ami  at  theageof  twenty-threi 
went  to  (ila.sgow,  Scotland,  and  remained  tliere 
until  lh7li  when  he  cametollie  I'niled  St^ites  and 
Unrated  at  .Minneapolis,  working  in  the  (Jalaxy  mill 
eight  moiitlis.  and  has  since  lieeii  in  the  Cataract 
mill.  He  was  marrie<l  in  Iscl  lo  Catharine  .Mc- 
Hounigh  who  bore  him  one  ihild,  Francis. 

Michael  Lyons  Wius  born  at  Longforil.  Irelanil, 
August  1.5th,  Ikh;;.  \\^^  went  to  Fnglaml  at  the 
age  of  twelve,  with  his  parents,  and  was  there 
reare<l  to  matduKid.  He  came  to  America  in  the 
Kpring  of  1H.-.U.  IfM-ating  ISrst  in  .New  Vork.  where 
he  remained  four  years  engaging  in  plastering, 
that  iK-ing  his  trade.  He  then  came  to  St.  An- 
thony wliere  he  hii!<  since  remained,  working  at 
his  trade.  He  married  .Miss  Hose  Ann  Clary,  of 
SI.  Anthony,  in    I8iiii.     I!  siilcuie.  62H  t^uincy 

HtHN't. 

Jacob  .Maclmieier.  a  native  ol  .MilwaiiUee.  Wis- 
cjinsin.  was  iKirn  .November  2d.  1H.>.>.  When  (if- 
l«-n  >e«r»  of  agt?  he  commenced  learning  black- 


smithing  and  has  continued  the  ti'ade  since.  He 
was  in  difl'ereiit  places  in  AVisconsin  until  the 
spring  of  1879,  when  he  removed  to  Fargo,  and 
in  the  fall  of  tlie  same  year  to  .Minneai)olis.  At 
first  he  worked  for  tlie  street  car  comiiaiiy,  then 
a  short  time  for  Mr.  Ciamsic.  and  is  now  one  of 
tlie  firm  of  .Murpliy  and  Maclimeier;  they  do  all 
kinds  of  rcpaiiiiig  and  job  work,  and  make  a 
specialty  of  horse  shoeing. 

J.  II.  Mackroth,a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
in  October.  1848,  and  was  given  the  advantages 
of  a  college  education.  He  came  to  America  in 
1868,  and  was  employed  by  tlie  Chicago,  JJurling- 
toii  and  Quincy  railroad  company  as  civil  en- 
gineer, until  1S70;  then  two  years  for  the  Mis- 
.souri.  Iowa  and  Nebraska  railroad,  and  three 
years  in  the  office  of  the  latter  company  serving 
as  auditor.  After  this  he  went  in  business  for 
himself,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  linn  of  Clark 
and  Mackrotli,  dealers  in  agricultural  implements. 
.Mr.  JIackroth  resides  at  1408  Nicollet  Avenue. 
He  was  married  in  1875  to  Belle  Kelso.  Tlieir 
children  are  Otis  and  Stuart. 

D.  A.  ^Slacurdy,  born  at  Duubaiton,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1832.  For  many  yeare  he  kept  a 
general  store  in  liis  native  state.  August  llth, 
1862  he  enlisted  in  tlie  Fourteenth  Xew  Ilani])- 
shire  Volunteers  as  jiriv  ate,  and  was  imiinoted  to 
captain:  he  was  honorably  discharged  July  28th, 
I860.  He  went  to  St.  i'aiil  in  November,  1878, 
and  after  a  residence  of  a  few  montlis  there,  re- 
moved to  this  city.  In  June,  1879,  he  was  em- 
ployed by  tlie  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
railroad  comiiany  and  has  has  charge  of  shipping 
the  lumber  from  this  point.  He  married  Salome 
Fellows  in  1852.  They  have  buried  their  three 
children. 

C.  Madsiiii.  a  native  of  Deniiiark.  was  Inu'ii 
October  llth,  1849.  He  came  to  the  liiited 
States  in  1.S71,  and  located  at  St.  i'aiil.  lie  re- 
moved lo  .Minneapolis,  and  was  em|)loyed  in  the 
North  Star  Woolen  Mills  until  the  spring  of  1876; 
in  September  of  that  year  he  started  in  the  gro- 
cery trade  in  i)artiier.sliip  with  .Mr.  Johnson. 
They  own  the  property  they  are  oceiiiiyiiig.  No. 
1216  Western  Avenue.  Mr.  Mad.soii  was  mar- 
ried in  1879  to  Lotta  Johnson. 

Louis  .Maeder  was  born  in  Swit/.<'rland.  Janiia- 
ary  1st.  1k:{1.  He  came  to  the  I'liiled  Slates  in 
1854,  and  i>aHsed  a  few  monllis   in  Oliin  and  two 


BIOGEAPHICAL. 


687 


years  in  Indiana;  then  spent  six  years  in  Wiscon- 
sin in  the  brewing  business.  In  1862  lie  came  to 
this  city  and  kept  tlie  toll  house,  at  the  bridge 
near  Orth's  brewery,  some  time,  and  in  186.5  be- 
came proprietor  of  the  hotel  where  he  now  is,  at 
229  Main  street,  N.  E.  His  marriage  with  The- 
resa Schab  took  place  August  2d,  1862.  They  have 
had  five  children:  Elizabeth,  Josephine,  Charles, 
Albert  and  Louis. 

W.  I).  Mahaffy,  a  native  of  Ireland,  was  born 
September  25th,  1848.  He  was  educated  at 
Queen's  College,  Belfast.  On  leaving  school  he 
removed  to  Canada,  and  located  in  Toronto, 
where  he  carried  on  an  extensive  painting  and 
decorating  establishment.  In  July,  1880,  he 
came  to  Minneapolis,  and  contemplates  making 
this  his  home. 

Mrs.  B.  Mahoney  is  the  owner  and  landlady  of 
the  Excelsior  House,  situated  at  the  corner  of 
Second  street  and  Second  Avenue.  Tliis  Ixjuse 
Vi'as  built  in  1872;  it  is  38x60  feet  and  two  stories 
in  height.  Mrs.  Mahoney  was  left  a  widow  in 
1871,  with  a  family  of  seven  children. 

Captain  Lewis  Maish  was  born  July  2d.  1S40, 
at  York,  Pennsxlvania.  When  sixteen  years  of 
age,  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  Variety  Iron 
Works  of  York,  and  served  there  four  jears.  In 
August,  1860,  he  took  an  active  part  in  organiz- 
ing a  company,  and  was  appointed  second  lieu- 
tenant of  Company  B,  Eighty-seventh  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  he  was  promoted  to 
captain  in  October,  1S68.  In  June,  1864,  he  was 
captured  and  held  as  a  prisoner  of  war  for  nuie 
months;  then  he  made  his  escape,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  of  service  in  April,  1865.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1867,  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  has  since 
been  in  business  here;  he  is  a  member  of  tlie  firm 
of  Hashow,  Maish  and  Davis  of  the  Variety  Iron 
Works.  Mr.  Maish  was  married  in  1868  to  Jen- 
nie Gaenslen,  Their  only  living  child  is  Xettie. 
Mrs.  Maish  was  well  known  by  many  of  the  sick 
and  wounded  soldiers  for  whom  she  cared.  For 
her  persistence  in  aiding  the  wounded  Union  sol- 
diers, she  was  arrested,  liy  order  of  a  rebel  gen- 
eral, and  sent  with  forty-four  Union  ladies  to 
Richmond,  and  incarcerated  in  "CJastle  Tlnni- 
der'"  until  exchanged. 

August  Malmsten,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was 
bom  in  1844.  He  leamed  the  trade  of  machinist 
in  the  old  country,  and  in  1869  came  to  America. 


He  located  in  Minneapolis  and  worked  at  his 
trade  with  different  firms,  until  he  engaged  in 
business  for  himself.  He  was  married  in  this 
city,  in  August,  1871,  to  Miss  Annie  Johnson. 
Their  children  are :  Mary,  Nellie,  Ainiie  and 
Jennie.  The  family  reside  at  1121,  Eighth  street 
south. 

William  ^larriott  was  bom  in  Nottingham, 
England,  March  27th,  1832.  He  came  to 
America  in  1849,  and  served  an  apprenticeship 
in  Henry  Diston's  saw  works  at  Philadelphia. 
After  learning  his  trade  he  began  business  in 
company  with  Henry  Diston,  at  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
manufacturing  saws,  files,  etc.  He  made  and 
lost  a  large  fortune,  then  became  discouraged 
and  retired  from  business  for  six  years,  during 
which  time  he  invented- Marriott's  celebrated 
boiler  compound.  He  came  to  this  city  In  1879, 
and  was  employed  by  different  firms  until  1880, 
wlien  he  again  went  into  busuiess,  manufactur- 
ing all  kinds  of  saws,  at  No.  256,  Sixth  Avenue 
south. 

Albert  Marsh,  born  in  Aroostook  county, 
Maine,  June  21st.  1840.  He  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Bangor,  where  he  attended  the  public 
schools  until  1858,  when  he  entered  Kent's  Hill 
College,  and  graduated  in  the  spring  of  1861. 
Soon  after  leaving  school  he  enlisted  in  the 
Second  Maine  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  was 
womided  at  tlie  second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and 
taken  prisoner,  but  was  paroled,  and  returned 
just  in  time  to  participate  in  the  battle  of  Fred- 
ericksburg; another  time  when  he  was  captured 
he  made  his  escape  by  swimming  a  river.  His 
regiment  was  mustered  out  in  .June,  1863,  and 
the  following  September  he  re-enlisted.  He  re- 
ceived four  wounds,  and  was  several  times  taken 
prisoner,  and  served  until  honorably  discharged 
in  1866.  lie  came  here  in  1878,  and  since  the 
fall  of  1879  has  served  on  the  police  force. 
His  wife  was  Eva  Sumner.  Their  children  are: 
Arnold  and  Fred. 

Jacob  Marten  was  born  in  Germany,  in  1838. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1864,  and  lived 
one  year  in  Carver  county,  Minnesota,  engaged 
in  farming.  In  1865  he  came  to  this  city,  worked 
about  five  months  in  a  brewery,  then  was  em- 
ployed in  the  woolen  mills  nearly  five  years,  and 
passed  two  years  in  the  teaming  business.  In 
1872  he  erected  the  building  at  1501  Washington 


588 


msrORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Avenue  soiitli.  and  for  four  years  kept  a  grocery 
and  feed  store.  In  tlie  summer  of  1880  he  built 
at  l.i»l7  \Viisliin;jton  Avenue  south,  where  lie  is 
now  located.  He  married  Alena  Copul  in  1867. 
Their  cliiUlreii  are:  Aiuia.  Mary.  Amelia,  Lillian, 
John,  and  Williatu. 

11.  M.  .Martin  came  to  Minneapolis  in  18.57,  and 
Worked  at  printing  until  1801,  when  he  enlisted 
and  served  three  years  in  the  First  Alinnesota 
Volunteers;  afterwards  two  yeare  on  the  frontier. 
In  180(5,  he  returned  to  this  city  and  again  en- 
gaged in  printing  until  18G8,  when  he  took  up  his 
present  business.  He  is  located  at  209  Nicollet 
Avenue,  and  deals  in  soda,  mineral  and  e.xcelsior 
waters.  October  7th,  I8(i(i,  he  married  Matilda 
Peterson.  They  have  had  four  children;  oidy  two 
are  living. 

Mahlon  Martindell.  a  native  of  Lambertville, 
New  .lersey  was  born  April  20th,  18;^ll.  He 
learned  car|)entering,  ami  in  ls70,  moved  to  Iowa, 
where  he  remained  one  anil  one-half  years.  In 
1872.  he  came  here  and  worked  in  tlie  AVasliburn 
A  mill,  and  has  since  been  employed  as  mill- 
wright at  tlie  different  mills  of  this  city.  On  the 
18tli  of  January,  18(i«,  his  mariage  with  Hachel 
I)alrymple  took  place.  Five  children  have  been 
liorn  to  them,  Harry,  Klla,  Laura,  Leva,  Lille 
and  Itessie. 

Col.  Hans  Mattson.  editorof  the  Slats Tidning. 
was  I  Mini  in  Onestad,  .Swcilen,  I)>:-cenibei'  2:jd, 
1832.  He  n^ceived  his  i>rimary  education  at 
rhristianst;  d.  Sweden,  and  at  the  age  of  .seven- 
teen, entered  military  service.  Two  years  later 
he  left  the  service  and  emigrated  to  the  I'nited 
Slates,  arriving  in  June,  18.51.  He  engaged  in 
variiiUH  <K-cii|iationK  in  the  e^istern  states,  antl  the 
wrond  winter  in  this  country,  he  masteied  the 
Knglish  language.  His  |>arent.s  came  to  this 
country  in  IKVl.  and  together  they  went  tn  lili- 
niiis.  In  August  of  tliat  year,  he  located  with  a 
colony  of  his  countr\nien.  in  (iooilhue  county. 
Minneivita,  and  at  once  took  a  prominent  position 
in  the  |iulilic  affairs  of  his  township.  He  specu- 
lat4-d  in  lots  and  lands  until  the  crash  of  18.57, 
which  left  him  in  debt.  He  then  began  the 
Htudy  of  law  with  Warren  Itristol,  now  a  judge 
in  Arl/onn  territory,  and  after  one  year  was  ail- 
mitteil  to  practice.  He  occupied  several  promi- 
nent otllces  in  (iiMHJhue  county,  and  on  the  break- 
ing out  uf  tlie  war,  enlbled  an  capl^iin  of  Com- 


pany D,  Third  Minnesota  Infantry.  Was  pro- 
moted through  the  intervening  ollices,  and  came 
home  in  18(i.5  as  colonel  of  his  regiment,  lie  then 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  until  18i)(i,  when  he 
went  to  Chicago  as  editor  of  a  Swedish  newspa- 
per. Januai7,  1867,  he  returned  to  Minnesota  as 
secretary  of  the  state  board  of  iniinigration.and  in 
1869,  was  elected  secretary  of  state,  l)ut  went  to 
Europe  ill  the  interests  of- railroad  corporations, 
before  his  term  expired.  Keniained  in  Europe 
four  years,  and  returned  to  this  state,  and  lias 
since  resided  in  Minneapolis.  He  is  chief  edi- 
tor of  the  Stats  Tidning,  a  Swedish  newspaper, 
and  general  manager  of  the  Swedish  Tribune  of 
Chicago.  He  was  married  November  28d,  18.55, 
in  the  town  of  A'asa,  Goodhue  county,  to  Cliers- 
tin  Peterson,  who  w-as  born  in  Sweden,  April 5th, 
^KiH.  Tlieir  marriage  ceremony  was  the  lirst 
Iierforiiied  in  tliat  township.  Alter  passing 
thidugli  luaiiy  lianlsliips  in  tlie  course  of  his  life, 
he  is  now  enjoying  the  coiiit'ortsof  a  hajiiiy  home. 

Paul  Marto.  born  January  7tli,  1848,  in  Ver- 
mont. In  istjl  he  went  to  Fort  Plain,  New  York, 
and  remained  until  he  enlisted,  in  1862,  in  the 
one  hundred  and  twenty-eighth  New  York  Vol- 
unteers. After  serving  three  years  he  returned 
to  Fort  Plain,  and  for  live  years  was  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  cigars.  In  1870  he  removed 
to  Minneapolis.  He  continued  in  the  cigar  busi- 
ness abdiil  two  years,  then  went  back  to  New 
^'oil;  for  a  short  tiiui'.  ami  lliciu'c  to  Hciiiiiiigloii, 
\'ennont.  where  he  resided  until  1S78.  when  he 
once  more  came  to  this  city,  and  went  into  business 
at  No.  53  ("entral  A\eiiue.  lie  married  .\inainla 
Clajiper,  in  186'.i. 

.  tieorge  Maskell,  a  native  of  lOnglaml.  was  born 
January  11th,  1839,  in  Essex  couiils.  In  1873  he 
came  to  the  United  Slates,  and  lirst  located  in 
Clay  county,  Minnesota,  where  he  was  employed 
ill  fanning  iinlil  IH71.  He  then  came  to  this  city 
and  opened  the  lirst  meat  stall  in  the  new  market, 
where  he  is  still  located.  Mr.  Maskell's  family 
consists  of  a  wife  and  one  son. 

William  .\Iassolt,  born  January  1st,  1831,  in 
(iermany.  In  18.50  he  moved  to  Pennsylvania, 
and  lived  at  Allentowii  iiiilil  ls.5l,  when  he  went 
to  Seneca  county,  Ohio.  The  year  following  he 
came  to  this  city,  and  hence  to  Stillwater,  where 
he  resided  nine  years,  and  then  spent  four  yeara 
at  Eau  Claire,  Wiscousiu.    lie  returued  to  Min- 


BIOGBArHICAL. 


589 


neapolis  in  1868,  and  engaged  in  bottling  ginger 
ale,  soda  and  mineral  waters,  etc.  lie  is  at  126 
Plyniontli  Avenue.  In  1861  he  married  Mary 
Costmann.  Their  living  children  are  :  ilatilda, 
Albert,  Anna,  Augusta,  'Willie,  Ida,  Lillie,  and 
Chai'lie. 

A.  C.  Matthews  was  born  in  Montgomery 
county,  New  York,  February  1st,  1832.  He  went 
with  his  parents  to  Pennsylvania,  and  learned 
carpentering.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  he 
removed  to  Ohio,  and  thence  to  Illinois.  In  1861 
he  enlisted  Lu  the  Seventeenth  Illinois,  Company 
D,  as  private,  and  was  promoted  to  tirst  lieuten- 
ant. He  was  several  times  wounded,  and  in 
February,  1863,  resigned  on  account  of  disability. 
Ac  A\'inona,  ilinnesota,  he  was  engaged  in  car- 
penter work  about  ten  years,  and  removed  to  this 
city  in  1873.  He  was  employed  at  the  Washburn 
"A"  and  '■  B  "  mills  until  July,  1878  ;  since  that 
time  has  been  at  the  "  C  "  mill.  In  1863  he  mar- 
ried Jenny  Taylor.  Their  children  are  :  IlaiTy, 
Charles,  Frank,  "Winnie,  George,  Ernest,  Grace, 
and  a  babe. 

Samuel  itartty  was  born  in  Switzerland,  Feb- 
ruary 25th,  1821.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1848,  and  resided  in  the  state  of  New  York 
until  1852,  when  he  removed  to  Dakota  county, 
Minnesota,  and  bought  a  farm.  He  has  made 
Minneapolis  his  home  since  1862.  In  September. 
1879,  he  opened  a  drug  store  at  103  Plymouth 
Avenue.  Mr.  Martty  married,  in  1846,  Margaret 
Hilficker.  They  are  the  parents  of  four  children: 
Mary,  Sophie,  Othmar,  and  Lizzie. 

Nicholas  Mangen  was  bom  May  6th.  1856,  in 
Germany.  In  1866  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and 
in  1876  commenced  blacksmithingi  he  also  learned 
the  trade  of  wagon-making,  and  is  now  doing  a 
good  business.  He  was  formerly  in  company 
with  Mr.  Wier.  Iml  in  December,  1880,  Mr.  Man- 
gen bought  his  i)artiier"s  interest,  and  is  now 
manufacturing  wagons,  sleighs,  etc.,  besides  do- 
ing general  blacksmithing.  In  1880,  he  married 
Annie  Jaspers,  who  has  borne  him  one  son. 

Nicholas  ;\Iauren  was  liorn  June  2oth,  1842.  in 
Prussia.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  America 
and  located  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  where  he  re- 
mained nine  years.  In  October,  1861,  he  came  to 
Jlinnesota  and  the  year  following  enlisted  in 
Company  I,  Sixth  Alinnesota  Volunteers.  He 
■was  promoted  to  corporal  and  served  three  years, 


being  discharged  with  the  regiment  in  August, 
1865.  On  his  return  he  located  in  Minneapolis, 
and  has  since  resided  here,  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  barrels,  and  is  the  business  manager  of 
the  East  Side  Co-operative  Barrel  Company.  In 
October,  1871,  he  married  Anna  Thielen.  They 
are  the  parents  of  five  children. 

E.  M.  May,  a  native  of  New  York,  was  born 
February  25th,  1829,  in  Madison  county.  When 
comparatively  young,  he  learned  the  confection- 
ery business  at  Troy,  New  York,  and  has  fol- 
lowed it  ever  since.  In  1874  he  came  to  Minne- 
apolis and  has  become  very  popular  liere  as  a 
confectioner  and  caterer.  His  marriage  with 
Lydia  Smith  took  place  in  1851,  at  Oxford,  Che- 
nango county.  New  York.  Their  family  consists 
of  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 

J.  B.  ]Maynard  was  born  in  Montreal,  Canada, 
January  19tli,  1845.  He  learned  milling  at  home 
and  in  1869  moved  to  Rochester,  New  York,  and 
worked  at  his  trade  there  live  years.  After  a 
residence  of  two  years  in  Illinois,  he  returned  to 
Rochester,  thence  to  Toronto,  Canada,  and  in 
January,  1879,  came  to  Minneapolis.  Since  June, 
1880,  he  has  had  charge  of  the  North  Star  mill. 
His  wife  was  Harriet  Grieve,  whom  he  man'ied  ui 
1875.    She  has  borne  him  two  children. 

S.  McAninch  W'as  born  in  Licking  county, 
Ohio,  December  6th,  1846.  He  accompanied  his 
parents  to  Valparaiso,  Indiana,  in  1855.  In  1861 
he  enlisted  and  served  three  years  in  the  war  of 
the  rebellion,  participating  in  the  battles  of  Nash- 
ville, Altoona,  Atlanta,  Dalton  and  many  others. 
After  leaving  the  army  he  lived  in  Indiana  five 
years,  then  went  to  Michigan  and  was  employed 
in  a  barrel  factory  there  three  years.  In  1873  he 
came  to  this  city  and  was  in  a  planing  mill,  and 
worked  for  Bisbee  and  Moses  until  1877,  since 
whicli  time  he  has  been  running  stationary  en- 
gines fordifferent  parties.  He  married  Ida  Hun- 
ter in  1870.     Tlieir  children  are:  Harry  and  Orvil. 

William  McArdlewas  born  in  Ottawa,  Canada, 
October  5th,  1848.  He  moved  to  the  state  of 
iSevv  York  in  1865,  and  lived  there  two  years.  In 
1867  he  spent  a  short  time  in  Kansas  in  the  cattle 
herding  business.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  and 
engaged  in  linnbering  until  May,  1880.  .since  then 
has  been  in  the  saloon  business  with  Mr. 
Walker.  July  28th,  1879,  he  manned  Miss  Kate 
Rice,  who  has  borne  him  one  child,  Susan  Kate. 


590 


HISTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Jow'iOi  MrCaitiii.a  native  of  Lonsdale.  Rhode 
Island,  wa.s  Ixmi  Xovenilier  2()tli.  18.57.  Wlicn  a 
boy,  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Miinieapolis. 
and  since  1806  has  been  in  the  Union  mill,  witli 
the  exception  of  two  years  that  he  wa.s  employed 
in  the  North  Star  woolen  mills. 

Rev.  Thomas  McClary,  pa.stor  of  the  First 
Jlethodist  Episcopal  Church,  was  born  in  Canada 
in  1841.  lie  was  licensed  to  preach  in  18')it.  and 
appointed  to  Kureka  in  1860,  on  a  salary  of  lifty 
dollars:  to  Glencoe  one  year,  having  a  revival 
and  making  many  additions  to  the  church.  At 
Shelliyvillc  one  year.  St.  IVter  and  Cleveland  one 
year,  at  ilonistown  for  two  years,  then  to  Anoka 
for  three  years.  Red  Wing  two  years.  Then  to 
the  Seventh  street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
for  three  years,  during  whi<-h  time  the  memlicr- 
ship  was  increa.sed  from  about  sixty  to  lluee 
hundred.  During  that  time,  organized  the  Wash- 
ington Avenue  Methodist  Cliurch.  which  is  now 
in  a  llourishing  condition.  Organized  and  built 
a  mission  chapel  on  the  corner  of  Cataiact  and 
Third  streets,  also  organized  and  built  a  mission 
chapel  on  the  corner  of  Eighteenth  Avenue  south 
and  Twenty-second  street.  Erom  the  Seventh 
street  (diurch  he  was  transferred  to  the  u|)per 
Iowa  conference  as  pastor  of  the  First  Methoilist 
Episcopal  church  at  I)aveni)ort.  Then  trans- 
ferred back  to  Miiniesuta  and  stationed  at  Man- 
kato  for  three  years,  paying  in  that  time  lifteen 
hundred  dollars  of  the  (loating  debt,  and  adding 
by  conversion,  some  two  hundred  members  to  the 
cliurcli.  Commenced  about  that  time  a  couree  of 
tenii>ei-ance  and  literary  lectures.  Among  his 
|Kipidar  ones  are:  "Diana  of  the  Ephesiaus," 
"Henry  Wilson,"  "Stniggle  for  a  Home,"  ".loan 
of  Arc,"  and  "Sunshine  in  Labor."  Among  the 
many  incidents  of  his  eventful  life  we  cannot  re- 
frain from  mentioning  Ihe  following:  Weary  of 
traveling  on  foot  over  his  large  circuit,  he  bought 
ahorse  for  thirty-seven  dollars,  paying  ten  dollai-s 
down,  then  a  harness  had  tube  improvised  ;  some 
scraps  of  leather  were  obtained  and  with  tow 
strings  for  buckles  and  using  an  old  piece  of  the 
britching  of  an  olil  harness  for  a  breast  plate  and 
a  bed  corrl  for  reins  and  a  jumper  for  a  sleigh, 
with  a  while  bat  on  bis  head  and  a  pair  of  green 
goggles  on  his  nose,  our  hero  in  the  cause  of 
Methodism  started,  carrying  with  him  in  his 
primitive  rig  at  times,  all  there  was  of  Methodi.sm. 


At  another  time,  the  ladies  made  out  of  an  old 
three  cornered  blanket,  a  coat  for  him,  with  the 
broad  stripe  around  the  bottom.  When  at  an- 
other place  a  broken  merchant  gave  him  a  cut- 
away coat  with  the  sleeves  much  too  short  for 
him.  which  he  wore  for  a  while  and  then  traded 
with  a  Pennsylvania  farmer  for  a  capacious  shad- 
bellied  one,  which  was  afterwards  cut  up  and 
made  into  a  vest  for  him.  At  another  place  he 
received  for  a  year's  preaching  one  hundred  ears 
of  corn  and  two  chickens,  and  had  to  catch  them 
himself  and  carried  them  six  miles  on  horseback 
to  get  them  cooked.  At  one  collection  on  a  very 
important  occasion,  after  the  contents  of  the  con- 
tribution box  had  been  carefully  examined  and 
finding  only  a  few  pennies  and  a  button  or  two 
in  it,  he  witli  much  gravity  of  manner  told  them 
it  was  not  worth  a  benediction,  and  dismissed  the 
congregation  without  it.  Married  Miss  Lizzie 
Fowble  of  Ohio.  They  have  four  children:  Clar- 
ence ().,  Clara  II.,  Ella  Zue  (the  elocutionist),  and 
Conine. 

S.  J.  ^IcCarty  was  born  in  Ireland,  April  7th. 
1841.  lie  came  to  America  with  his  parents  in 
1847,  and  located  at  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  commenced  learning 
the  machinist's  trade,  and  in  1857,  moved  to 
Meeker  county,  Minnesota,  but  in  about  three 
years  he  returned  to  Pittsburgh  and  worked  at  his 
trade  until  18'52,  w'hen  he  came  to  Minnesota  and 
taught  school  in  Meeker  county.  In  the  spring 
of  Is(ii),  he  came  to  this  city  and  was  employed 
four  nioiitlis  in  the  Ciiicago,  Milwaukee  and  St. 
Paul  Kailroad  sliops,  (hen  worked  six  years  as 
foreman  of  the  North  Star  Iron  Works,  and  for 
over  two  years  W'as  O.  A.  Pray 's  foreman.  Since 
June,  1880,  he  has  been  working  at  mill  machinery, 
forging  and  general  Ijlacksniithing.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  18'!.")  to  Lizzie  CamiOicll.  who  died  in 
1878,  leaving  four  children. 

A.  S.  McCulloch  was  born  in  183<>.  in  Cumber- 
land county,  Pennsylvania.  Cntil  twenty-live 
years  of  age,  he  lived  (Ui  a  I'arni.  then  engaged  in 
mercantile  business  six  years,  and  was  fora  time, 
treasurer  and  collector  for  the  llariisburg  and 
Potomac  llailroad  Company.  He  came  to  Min- 
neapolis in  1874.  formed  a  partnership  with  I). 
M.  (iihnore,  and  engageil  in  the  manufacture  of 
furniture.  Their  factory  is  located  in  South  Min- 
neai>olis. 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


591 


M.  McCune,  a  native  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  1837. 
lie  moved  to  Ripon,  Wisconsin,  in  1854,  and  work- 
ed  at  farming  twenty  years;  he  then  went  to  Aus- 
tin, Minnesota,  and  resided  until  October,  1880, 
when  he  came  to  this  city,  and  started  in  the  res- 
taurant and  lodging-house  business  at  18  Wash- 
ington Avenue  north. 

Ernest  ^IcDtJuald  was  born  December  14th, 
1848,  in  Maine.  lie  came  west  when  a  child  and 
located  at  Brooklyn,  in  1853.  He  removed  to 
^Minneapolis  in  1859;  was  in  the  grocery  business 
and  working  in  the  pineries  until  1875,  when  he 
opened  a  restaurant  on  Nicollet  Avenue;  he  re- 
mained there  about  three  years,  then  moved  to 
his  present  location,  Boston  Oyster  House  Xo. 
200  Hennepin  Avenue.  His  wife  was  Annie 
Lewis.     Their  children  are  Xellie  and  Minnie. 

Francis  S.  McDonald  was  born  June  10th,  1835, 
in  Cumberland  county,  Maine.  At  the  age  of 
seventeen  he  went  to  Saccarappa,  and  worked  in 
a  cotton  factory  through  the  summer,  and  in  tlie 
fall  removed  to  Lewiston,  where  he  was  employed 
in  the  same  way.  After  spending  one  year  in 
Massachusetts,  he  came  to  Minnesota.  Served 
one  term  as  county  commissioner  of  Wiight 
county,  and  was  assessor  of  Otsego.  In  1861  he 
enlisted  as  private  in  the  Third  Minnesota  Vol- 
unteers, and  was  promoted  to  orderly  sergeant. 
He  had  command  of  his  company  in  the  Indian 
camyjaign,  and  was  commissioned  second  lieuten- 
ant. He  re-enlisted  in  Hatcli's  Battalion,  and 
was  detailed  as  cleik  in  the  draft  rendezvous  at 
Fort  Snelling  until  1865,  when  he  was  mustered 
out.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  postmaster,  which 
office  he  held  about  five  years,  when  he  resigned. 
In  1868  he  come  to  this  city,  and  was  employed 
by  different  parties  until  1H74,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed deputy  and  afterwards  elected,  comity 
auditor.  He  was  married  in  1857,  to  Elizabeth 
Spencer.  Their  children  are :  Mary,  Frank, 
Charles,  and  Xellie. 

.James  McDaniel  was  born  in  Madison  county, 
New  York,  December  1st,  1847.  He  went  to 
Manlius,  Onondaga  county,  in  1864,  to  learn  the 
milling  business,  and  worked  there  fourteen 
montlis.  He  then  returned  to  Madison  county 
for  one  and  one-half  years,  and  after  residing  in 
Oneida  county  about  a  year,  he  went  to  Cazenovia. 
llis  next  move  was  to  Dexter,  Michigan,  where 
he  remained  two  years,  and  in  March,  1874,  came 


to  this  city.  He  worked  several  years  in  the  A 
and  B  mills,  and  now  occupies  the  position  of 
head  miller  in  the  C.  In  1878  he  married  Fannie 
Robie,  who  has  Iwrne  him  one  child.  AlViert. 

John  McDonald  was  born  November  2d,  1830, 
in  Maine.  In  1S47  he  went  on  a  whaling  expedi- 
tion. After  two  years  experience  lie  gave  up  this 
business,  and  sailed  for  San  Francisco.  They 
were  totally  WTCcked  on  the  coast  of  Panama,  but 
were  picked  up  by  another  vessel  and  continued 
their  journey.  He  traveled  about  from  Califor- 
nia to  the  Sandwich  Islands,  China,  Cape  Horn, 
and  Columbia,  until  1850,  when  he  went  to  Bos- 
ton, thence  to  MobUe,  and  in  1852  he  came  to 
ilinnesota  and  made  a  claim  of  160  acres  in 
Wright  county,  which  he  sold  two  years  later, 
and  came  here.  In  1861  he  enlisted,  and  since 
being  honorably  discharged  has  divided  his  time 
between  running  as  pilot  on  the  upper  Mississippi 
and  lumbering.  He  married  Mary  J.  Wood,  in 
1862.  Of  their  three  children  but  one  is  living, 
Addie  C. 

John  W.  McDonald,  born  January  17th,  1842, 
in  Canada.  He  worked  at  milling  there  five 
years,  and  in  1866  moved  to  Faribault,  Minne- 
sota, continuing  in  the  same  business.  He 
then  spent  two  years  at  Clinton  Falls,  nine 
mouths  at  Mantorville,  one  year  at  Northfield, 
and  in  1871  came  here.  He  was  employed  at  the 
Washburn  B.  the  Zenith,  the  Palisade  and  the 
Humboldt  mills  until  the  explosion,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  at  the  Pettit.  His  marriage 
with  Mrs.  Sarah  Coburn  took  place  in  January, 
1871.    Their  children  are:  Agnes  and  Irving. 

P.  McDonald,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
April  4th,  1848.  He  went  to  Maine  in  1864,  and 
remained  six  months,  then  followed  lumbering 
eight  years  m  Michigan,  and  was  two  years  in 
Wisconsin,  engaged  in  the  saloon  and  lumber 
business.  In  1877  he  came  to  this  city,  continu- 
ing in  the  lumbering  business  until  he  opened 
his  sample  room  on  Hennepin  Avenue. 

Father  James  McGolrick.  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  is  a  native  of  Tipperary,  Ireland,  where 
he  received  a  thorough  theological  education  in 
All  Hallow's  College,  Dubhu.  Upon  the  com- 
pletion of  his  studies  in  1867,  he  came  to  America, 
remaining  one  year  ui  St.  Paul,  where  lie  was 
engaged  as  assistant  priest  at  tlie  Cathedral.  In 
1868  lie  came  to  MlnneapoUs,  and   soon  there- 


592 


HISTORY  OF  HENyEriN  COUNTT. 


after  secured  the  grounds  on  whicli  liis  liouse  is 
located;  first  erected  a  small  frame  building  in 
which  ser\ices  were  held  until  his  new  church 
the  lirst  Catliojic  cliurch  on  the  "West  Side,  was 
built  and  dedicatrd.  He  has  been  foremost  in 
every  good  work  connected  with  his  society,  and 
is  uiiiversally  esteemed  by  the  citizens  of  Min- 
neajMilis.  irrespective  of  sectarian  association  or 
religious  views. 

S.  X.  Mctiaughey  was  bom  in  lK27,at  JMount 
Carniel.  Indiana.  In  1S47  he  went  to  Decatur 
county,  and  was  in  the  saw-mill  business  nine 
years:  then  moved  to  ^Minnesota  and  worked  .at 
farming  six  or  seven  years.  He  tlien  passed 
some  months  at  I?ed  Wing,  dealing  in  wheat,  and 
in  lS<i;<  came  to  tliis  city.  For  a  while  he  was 
employed  in  manufacturing  pimips;  afterward 
spent  two  years  with  the  North  Star  Iron  Works, 
and  one  year  in  the  fence  works.  (Since  187o  he 
has  been  in  the  I'nion  I'laning  Mill.  In  1848  be 
married  Isabella  ■\Vymi.  Their  children  are  Vi- 
ola. Margarelte  and  Cora. 

\\'illi:im  Mc(iregor  was  born  in  Montreal.  Can- 
aila.  Manli  tith,  li^oJ.  After  receiving  a  liberal 
education  in  his  native  place,  he  embarked  in  tlie 
gToceiy  business  in  187.5  and  coiitiimed  it  until 
coming  to  Minneapolis  in  187!i.  when  for  one 
year  he  was  in  the  oil  business.  In  1880  lie  bought 
an  interest  in  the  meat  market  of  Sallada  and 
Company.  71i7  Wasliinglon  .\ venue  soiitli. 

A.(i.  McKenzie,  born  November  lltli.  1821,  in 
Beaver  county,  I'ennsylvania.  From  1840  until 
1860,  lie  acted  as  pilot  of  a  steamboat  on  the 
Ohio  river,  and  llien  came  to  St.  Antliony  and 
was  in  the  employ  of  IJcnson  and  ratteison  in 
the  stage  line.  He  was  in  a  Imtrl  iicni-  I'mt 
Snelling  about  two  years;  then  returned  and 
opened  a  nslauraiit  in  St.  Antliony.  In  18(>;{  he 
went  Fast,  but  came  here  again  in  18()"),anil  went 
into  the  sutler's  deparlment  at  Fort  Snelling. 
He iiasHcd eighteen  months  at  the  lilack  Hills,  and 
tnivelcd  from  1874  until  1880.  when  he  opened  a 
re.sUiiii'ant  at  ll.'t  Central  Avenue.  His  wife 
WHH  .loanna  Christmas;  their  marriage  took  place 
in  .Fiiiie.  IH.VJ.  Three  children  have  been  born  to 
them:  Hon  Carlos.  Isaac  and  Harry. 

It.  H.  Mchaskey,  a  native  of  New  llrniiswick, 
was  iMirii  in  1844.  He  lived  two  years  in  Iowa, 
and  in  1872  removeil  to  Minneapolis.  He  was 
in  llie  liiMilM-rlngbuHincHH  three  years,  and  for  ihe 


past  five  years  has  l)een  connected  with  the  mills 
of  this  city.  July  18th,  1SG7,  Mr.  McLaskey 
married  Josephine  Kildea.  They  have  had  five 
children:  Ileniy,  Frank.  Willie,  Cora  and  Ernest. 

Peter  McKenian  was  born  in  Ireland.  Decem- 
ber, 1833.  He  came  to  America  in  1848.  and  re- 
ceived his  education  in  New  York.,  In  1857  he 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  worked  at  farming  initil 
1861,  when  be  enlisted  in  Hatch's  battalion  and 
served  until  licmorably  discharged  in  I860.  He 
returncil  tn  this  city,  and  fi'om  1872  acted  as 
street  commissioner,  until  he  entered  the  police 
force,  in  which  be  serves  as  patrol.  In  February, 
1857,  he  married  Ellen  llochford.  They  have 
bad  five  children.  Ellen.  INIargaret,  Ferrel,  Peter 
and  Mary.     Only  Mary  survives. 

James  McMillan,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  bom 
October  24tli.  185r..  in  Oxford  county.  In  1872 
he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  was  employed  in  the 
North  Star  woolen  mill,  in  the  wool  and  sheep- 
.skin  department,  until  1876,  when,  with  a  part- 
ner, he  started  in  his  present  business.  They  are 
at  100  First  Avenue  soiitli,  and  deal  in  hides, 
wool,  tallow,  etc. 

James  Mc.Mollen  was  born  July  21st,  1824.  at 
Reading,  Pennsylvania.  Wlien  ten  years  of  age 
be  went  as  cabin  boy  on  the  bark  White  Oak. 
He  followed  the  sea.  on  various  vessels,  until 
1840,  visiting  all  i)ai'ts  of  the  world,  and  the  last 
three  years  being  captain  of  vessels  in  the  West 
India  trade.  On  leaving  the  water,  in  1 840,  he 
moved  to  St.  Anthony,  with  his  family.  He 
worked  several  years  at  carpentering,  and  then 
went  into  the  general  merchandise  business,  with 
11.  .Morrison,  at  Pine  liciid.  He  built  a  shingle 
mill  1111  llic  St.  .\iilliony  Wntrr  Power  Coiii|)any'S 
dam.  In  1878  it  wasmnved  and  his  iirescnt  saw'- 
mill  erected.  Mr.  McMullcn  was  several  years  a 
member  of  the  St.  .Vntliony  city  cnuiiiil.  In 
1840  he  married  Charlotte  McKiiigbt,  who  has 
borne  him  three  children;  the  living  are  Albert 
and  Willie. 

,\ll)cil  !•;.  .McMullcn  was  born  .Iiiiii!  ;>0,  I80I,  in 
.Minneapolis.and  wasoneof  the  first  white  children 
born  in  this  city.  Me  alteniled  tlie  public  schools 
anil  Iniveisity.  and  assistcil  bis  latlnr.  who  wa.s 
acontractor.  unlil  twcnly  years  old.  wlien  lie  en- 
gaged as  boiik-Uei'per  and  teller  in  llie  I'^xehange 
ami  Savings  Hank.  He  occupied  the  sami' jiosi- 
tions  aii<l  lluit  of  cashier,  in  different  banks  until 


BIOOEATHICAL. 


593 


1879,  since  then  he  has  given  his  whole  attention 
to  the  lumber  mill  in  which  he  is  a  partner ;  he  is 
also  one  of  the  tirm  of  Wilcox  and  Co.,  who  own 
a  general  store  at  Big  Stone  Lake.  In  1878  he 
manled  Minnie  Wilcox  ;  she  has  borne  him  one 
son. 

George  McMullen  was  born  in  Jilarch,  1819,  at 
Ottawa,  Canada.  lie  learned  the  trade  of  con- 
tractor from  his  father.  In  18.57,  he  left  liis  na- 
tive city,  came  to  Minneapolis  and  has  since  fol- 
lowed his  trade  here.  As  an  evidence  of  his 
popularity  and  worth,  we  mention  some  of  the 
leading  buildings  of  the  city  which  he  erected. 
In  1860  he  bnilt  Harrison's  block,  the  oldest  cut 
stone  building  here ;  Mendenhall's  bank,  resid- 
ence and  green  house  ;  T.  A.  Harrison's  house  ; 
the  Centenary  Methodist  Church ;  St.  ilark's 
Episcopal  Church  ;  the  Athenseum  ;  City  Hall ; 
Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception ;  Wash- 
bum  A  and  C  mill,  two  stone  elevators  belonging 
to  the  Washburn  mills,  the  dam  wall  for  Wash- 
bum  and  Company,  foundation  for  the  Millersi 
Association  elevator,  and  Taylor's  mill ;  also  the 
anchors  for  the  suspension  bridge  and  finished 
the  towers ;  he  built  the  stone  arch  bridge  ;  Korth 
Star  Iron  Works ;  the  Pillsbury  A  mill ;  and  is 
now  at  work  on  the  James  Hill  canal. 

R.  S.  McMurdy,  M.  D.,  was  born  July,  1824,  at 
Albany,  Xew  York.  He  received  his  education 
there,  and  graduated  from  the  Albany  Jledical 
College  in  1846;  for  several  years  he  was  city 
physician  of  tliat  place.  He  practiced  for  a  time 
in  Ohio,  and  since  the  spring  of  187.S  has  lieen  in 
Minneapolis.  Dr.  McMurdy  married  in  1S47. 
His  wife  died,  leaving  one  child,  Eobert  C.  His 
second  wife  was  Mary  Pease,  whom  he  mamied 
in  1873.     They  have  two  children, 

W.  AV'.  McXair,  of  the  law  firm  Lochren  Mc- 
Xair  and  Gilfillan,  was  born  in  1836,  in  New 
York.  In  1854,  he  went  to  Wisconsin,  and  March, 
1857,  removed  to  this  city.  Soon  after  his  arrival 
in  Minneapolis,  he  was  admitted  to  piactice  in 
the  United  States  territorial  court.  He  has  re- 
peatedly been  nominated  by  his  party,  but  lias 
never  held  oflice,  with  the  exception  of  being 
coimty  attorney  in  1861-2,  mayor  of  St.  An- 
thony two  years,  and  several  times  a  member 
of  school  boards.  In  1862,  he  married  Louise, 
sister  of  Hon.  E.  M.  Wilson,  of  this  city.    They 

are  the  parents  of  two  children. 
38 


W.  D.  McNiece,  a  native  of  Vermont,  was 
born  October  3d,  1845,  in  Orange  county.  In 
1861,  he  went  to  New  York  city,  remained  eight 
years.  He  was  four  years  in  the  drug  trade  in 
St.  Lawrence  county,  and  then  returned  to  New 
York  city,  where  he  resided  until  1878,  when  he 
came  to  Minneapolis  and  became  a  partner  of  Mr. 
Bohan,  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business,  104  Central 
Avenue. 

William  McVeigh,  a  native  of  Ottawa  City. 
Ontario,  Canada,  was  born  June  5th,  1839.  He 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  1872,  and  was  in  the  car- 
pet and  dry  goods  business  with  McConnell  and 
Company,  six  years.  In  August,  1880,  he  became 
a  partner  of  Mr.  Kenyon  in  an  extensive  whole- 
sale and  retail  caiiiet  business. 

Daniel  ilcWaters  was  bom  in  Muirkirk,  Ayre- 
shire,  Scotland.  He  came  to  America  in  1866, 
and  to  ■Minneapolis  in  1875.  He  engaged  with 
the  North-western  foundry  as  foreman,  and  re- 
mained with  the  company  until  the  spring  of 
1880,  when  he  formed  a  partnership  with  R.  Peet 
in  an  establishment  known  as  the  Minneapolis 
Brass  Works.  January,  1875.  he  married  Sarah 
Paul.    They   are  the  parents  of  two  children: 

J.  O.  F.  Meagher  was  bom  in  1852,  at  St.  Paul. 
He  went  to  Troy.  New  York,  and  learned  the 
laimdry  and  dyeing  business.  He  returned  to 
Minnesota  and  in  1879  bought  the  place  where  he 
is  now  in  business.  No.  26  Second  street  north. 
The  works  are  run  by  steam,  and  it  is  in  every 
way  a  first-class  institution. 

(ieorge  H.  Mead  was  born  at  Waukegan,  Illi- 
nois, in  1847.  He  became  a  resident  of  Minneap- 
olis in  the  fall  of  1865.  He  was  in  the  omnibus 
company  twelve  years,  then  formed  a  partnership 
with  Mr.  Robinson.  They  are  now  proprietors  of 
a  livery,  boarding  and  sale  stable  at  220  Third 
street  south. 

Henry  Melstroh  was  born  in  1833,  in  Germany. 
He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1864,  locating 
in  Carver  county.  Jlinnesota,  and  worked  one 
j'ear  at  tailoring.  In  1865  he  came  to  this  city, 
and  the  next  year  went  to  Stillwater,  where  he 
resided  until  1873,  when  he  returned  to  Minne- 
apolis. In  1876  he  removed  to  his  present  loca- 
tion in  the  American  House,  No.  800,  Marshall 
street.  East  Division.  January,  1869,  he  mar- 
ried Rachel  Macks.  They  have  three  children; 
the  living  are:  Joseph  and  Katie. 


594 


EJSTORY  OF  HEXKEPIK  COUXTY. 


R.  J.  Meiuleuliall.  loaii  agent,  was  Ixini  in 
Guilford  county.  Xortli  Carolina.  Xovembcr  2oth. 
lS:;h.  He  attended  scliool  a  few  years  in  New- 
England,  then  went  to  Oliio.  and  in  ISoS  re- 
turned to  Xortli  Carolina.  The  next  year  he 
went  to  Xew  York,  and  in  1855  to  Iowa  as  civil 
engineer;  tlie  year  following  lie  came  to  this  city, 
and  has  since  been  in  business  here.  On  his 
arrival  in  Minneapolis  he  could  not  find  a  dray 
to  haul  his  trunk  and  was  obliged  to  get  a  wheel- 
baiTow.  Mr.  Mendenhall  was  married  Februai-y 
nth,  1858,  to  Abby  Swift,  of  Massachusetts. 
Tliey  have  no  children. 

J.  C.  Menor,  l«irn  December  2411i.  1S47,  in 
Ashland  county,  Ohio.  lie  learned  the  mill- 
ing business  in  his  native  town,  and  came  to  this 
city  in  l.ST.S;  he  remained  only  al)ont  three 
months,  and  went  to  Red  Wing,  where  he  was 
employed  a.s  second  miller.  He  returned  to  Min- 
neapolis in  June,  1874,  and  was  with  E.  V. 
White  two  years.  lie  then  went  to  Lanesboro, 
and  remained  until  July,  1878.  when  he  returned 
and  fitted  up  the  Standard  mill,  where  he  has 
since  occupied  the  position  of  head  miller. 

Gregor  Menzel  was  Ijorn  in  Ihelendoif,  in  the 
province  of  Silesia,  Prussia,  August  21st,  1826. 
For  his  family  record,  see  volume  eleven,  page 
.SO",  of  American  Cyclopedia.  His  father  died 
before  (iregor's  birth,  but  his  last  request  was 
that  if  liis  offspring  was  a  boy,  and  lived,  he 
should  learn  a  trade.  When  five  years  of  age 
he  nearly  lost  his  life  in  a  flood,  which  swept 
away  their  little  home  and  nearly  all  the  iirojterty 
bis  mother  iwssessed.  'When  ten  years  old  he 
went  on  foot  across  the  mountains  to  Fricdcberg, 
Austria,  to  live  with  an  uncle,  and  fulfill  his  fa- 
tlier"H  last  wish.  In  July,  1842,  having  learned 
the  blacksmith's  tnide,  he  relumed  on  foot  to 
I'russia,  and  went  to  work  in  a  large  machine 
shop,  near  (ilatz,  to  leani  the  machinist's  trade. 
After  this  he  considered  it  necessary  to  travel  and 
work  in  different  places.  In  order  Ui  perfect  him- 
self us  a  niechanir-.  II(-  walked  to  Hreslau, 
Fnnikfort.  Iterlin,  Hamburg,  and  Itrenien.  being 
employed  in  different  hIio])s.  AVhile  working 
near  the  latter  place,  he  became  ac<|iiaiiited 
with  Henrietta  I).  l<<K'sner,  whom  he  married. 
Soon  after,  tliey  starte<l  for  this  country,  stopped 
B  short  time  in  I/ondon,  and  arrived  at  New  York 
April  7lli,  1847.    lie  at  once  commenced  work 


with  James  Bogardus.  the  celebrated  inventor 
(see  volume  t«o.  page  78(1,  -Vmerican  Cyclopedia) 
and  worked  for  him  until  August,  1850,  when  he 
removed  to  Milwaukee.  He  was  given  the  posi- 
tion of  foreman  in  the  machinery  department  of 
the  Meiioniiiue  Locomotive  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, and  held  the  situation  until  December  1st, 
1854.  when  he  went  into  partnership  with  L. 
Keiick.  and  under  the  name  of  Menzel  and  Keuck, 
carried  on  steam  engine  building.  In  1855,  M. 
and  M.  Stone  bought  ilr.  Keuck's  interest,  and 
the  new  firm  name  was  Meuzel,  Stone  and  Com- 
jiany.  They  were  also  extensively  engaged  in 
manufacturing  threshing  machines,  and  in  1855, 
made  the  first  threshing  engine  used  in  the  w'est. 
The  following  year  he  took  an  active  part  in  poli- 
tics, helped  organize  the  Republican  party,  and 
was  the  presidential  elector  from  the  first  district 
of  Wisconsin,  and  cast  his  vote  for  John  C.  Fre- 
mont and  Dayton,  in  the  electoral  college.  On 
the  first  of  February,  1857,  Messrs.  Cummings 
and  Goodrich  bought  the  Stone  interest.  The 
shop  was  moved  ami  enlarged,  and  carried  on  un- 
der the  name  of  Menzel.  Cummings  and  (iood- 
rich.  The  same  year  the  first  elevator  was  Imilt 
in  Milwaukee,  by  Angus  Smith  and  Company. 
For  this  he  manufactured  the  engine,  boiler,  and 
all  the  other  machinery  and  iron  work.  He  also 
made  the  first  mash  machine  driven  by  power  in 
that  city,  for  V.  Blatz's  brewery.  After  years  of 
prosperity,  came  reverses.  The  financial  crisis  of 
1857,  which  swept  the  whole  country,  relieved 
him  of  all  his  hard  earnings.  He  then  devoted 
his  time  to  inventions.  He  obtained  a  patent  on 
a  steam  boiler.  April  5th,  1859  (see  Patent  Ofllce 
Rei)ort  of  ]s:>'.).  and  for  cut  see  Scientific  .Ameri- 
can of  October  1st,  1859),  and  also  on  a  fire  and 
burglar-proof  safe,  April  24th,  ISfiO  (see  Patent 
Ofiice  Report  of  18(i(l).  One  of  his  large  safes 
was  bought  by  .1.  Dean  and  Company  of  this  city, 
in  1801).  In  the  spring  of  18G0,  he  took  an  eight- 
stamp  steam  quartz-mill  to  Colorado,  put  it  in 
operation,  and  retiiiiied  with  the  inlenlioii  of 
building  aiioth(ri|Maitz-iiiill  to  work  the  claiiiis  he 
secured  in  Colorado;  but  the  reliellioii  broke  out, 
and  bis  plans  were  frustrated.  In  the  fall  of 
1 8(il,  he  took  charge  of  the  elevator  and  engines 
for  Angus  Smith  and  Couipaiiy.  ami  ii'inaiued 
with  them  until  June  1  llli,  isiil.  when  he  accepted 
ed  the  position  of  superintendent  of  the  Ray  St;ite 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


595 


Iron  Manufacturing  Company,  at  that  time  tlie 
largest  works  of  the  kind  in  Mihvankee.  His  fust 
work  ttiere  was  to  build  a  250  horse-power,  low- 
pressure  beam  engine,  it  being  the  firstin  thatcity, 
and  was  built  for  Mr.  Smith's  new  elevator,  A.  In 
lS(i6  the  steam  engine,  boiler,  etc.,  were  built  under 
his  supervision  for  J.  Dean  and  Company's  Pa- 
cific mill,  and  August  16th  of  that  year  he  ar- 
rived in  jSIinneapolis.  to  put  the  machinery  in  the 
mill.  It  was  accomplished  on  the  Sth  of  October. 
and  the  firm  were  so  well  pleased  \\\\.\\  his  work 
that  they  presented  him  with  one  hundred  dol- 
lars, as  a  token  of  appreciation.  He  liked  this 
city  so  well  that  he  determined  to  make  it  his 
home,  in  time.  July  1st,  1868.  he  bought  an  in- 
terest in  the  Cream  City  Iron  "Works,  in  Milwau- 
kee, and  the  business  was  carried  on  under  the 
name  of  Menzel,  Stowell  and  Company,  until 
November,  1870,  when  he  withdrew  from  the 
firm,  to  come  to  Minneapolis  and  accept  the  posi- 
tion offered  him  as  superintendent  of  the  North 
Star  Iron  Works,  of  this  city.  The  following  is 
some  of  the  work  done  under  his  supei-vision : 
the  celebrated  saw-mill  of  W.  D.  Washburn  and 
Company,  at  Anoka,  also  Isaac  Staples',  at  Still- 
water ;  the  engine  at  the  Nicollet  House,  engine 
and  machinery  in  the  City  Hall,  including  passen- 
ger and  freight  elevator,  the  first  in  the  city  ;  the 
engines  at  Captain  Etillins"  saw-mill,  Barnard  and 
Company's  factory,  etc.;  he  also  designed  all  of 
the  above  machinery.  On  the  first  of  April,  1874, 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  his  son,  Charles  G.. 
and  I).  C.  Howard,  to  establish  the  Northwestern 
Foundry.  The  works  are  located  on  the  corner 
of  Third  street  and  Tenth  Avenue  south,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway.  The 
first  gray  iron  castings  were  made  July  13th,  and 
the  first  car-wheels,  first  in  the  city,  were  cast 
Octfiber  12th,  1874.  On  the  1st  of  September,  L. 
V.  N.  Blakeman  bought  the  interests  of  C.  G. 
Menzel  and  D.  C.  Howard,  and  the  business  is 
still  carried  on  under  the  name  of  G.  Menzel  and 
Company.  It  may  well  be  said  of  the  firm,  they 
have  a  good,  hard-earned  reputation.  His  family 
circle,  until  their  arrival  here,  was  unbroken,  and 
consisted  of  his  wife  Henrietta,  Maggie  II.,  Car- 
rie M.,  Charles  G.,  Minnie  A.,  and  Emma  I).;  but 
to  his  great  sorrow,  his  eldest  and  beloved  daugh- 
ter, Maggie  H.,  passed  away,  January  24th,  1872. 
T.  E.  Mercer,  a  native  of  lUiuois,  was  born  at 


Peoria,  June  27th,  1850.  He  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1864,  and  attended  school  .several  years,  two 
of  which  were  spent  at  the  University.  He 
moved  to  Grinnell,  Iowa  and  engaged  in  the  hotel 
business  and  followed  it  until  1877,  when  he  re- 
turned to  this  city  and  was  in  the  grocery  busi- 
ness until  April  15th,  1880.  He  then  opened  the 
restaiu'ant  and  oyster  house  on  Third  street,  be- 
tween Nicollet  and  Hennepin  Avenue.  He  mar- 
ried Emma  Brown,  May  15th,  1872. 

O.  C.  Merriman,  born  Julv  27th,  1827,  in  St. 
Lawrence  county,  New  York.  From  1854  until 
1859  he  resided  in  Wisconsin,  then  removed  to  St. 
Anthony,  and  has  since  been  identified  with  this 
place.  For  a  time  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of 
law,  but  since  1870  has  been  in  the  lumber 
business ;  he  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  L.  But- 
ler and  Company.  The  firm  of  Merriman,  Bar- 
rows and  Company,  as  at  present  organized,  dates 
from  April,  1878.  Mr.  Merriman's  wife  was 
Rosanna  Herring  of  St.  Lawrence  county,  New 
York  ;  their  marriage  took  place  in  1854.  They 
have  four  boys  and  one  girl  living. 

Charles  Metzger  was  born  May  inih,  1842,  at 
Albany,  New  York.  In  1849  he  accompanied  his 
parents  to  Galena,  Illinois,  where  he  lived  until 
1856  ;  in  the  fall  of  that  year  he  came  to  Minne- 
sota and  settled  in  St.  Paul,  where  he  learned  the 
painter's  trade.  He  enlisted  in  1861  and  was  dis- 
cliarged  in  1862.  He  re-enlisted  in  1864,  serving 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  Since  1870  he  has 
lived  in  this  city  and  been  employed  as  painter 
and  house  decorator.  September  12th,  1865,  he 
married  Charlotte  Halgren  of  Illinois, 

Fritz  Metzke,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
May  2d,  1827.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in. 
1852  and  located  in  Chicago.  He  was  in  the  hat, 
cap  and  fur  business  until  July,  1880,  when  he 
came  here  and  opened  what  is  known  as  the  Chi- 
cago Exchange,  at  117  Nicollet  Avenue.  In  1854 
he  married  InoKirchner.  They  have  had  seven 
children,  only  two  are  living. 

John  D.  Meyer,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
November  28th,  1820.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1852  and  lived  in  New  York  two  years. 
He  removed  to  St.  Louis  and  two  years  later  to 
La  Crosse,  Wisconsin,  being  all  the  while  engaged 
in  the  dyeing  business.  In  1866  he  came  to  this 
city ;  his  steam  dyeing  establishment  is  at  No. 
2  Hennepin  Avenue.    He  married  Mary  Sefried 


Not 


}n-7nj;y  <<r  }IES\EPIN  COVyTT. 


Mh.  ltA7.    Tbrr  baw  ti%  rhlMivn: 


IM«.     lie  ««•  < ! 

mtil  I  '^ 

MtaiM 
V 

I.' 

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li 

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I 

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f 
l<< 

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rl 
1 


nil     in       [..f"     i«^  II     ti    i«  -i>n  in    *»l 

u  •  nicttiU-r  <if  III''  rirm  of 

.....  k.     T!  . 

.it  llllKi- 

•<<a.    Ill  IhTO,  hi*  cntnp  to 

"  ni  Uinf.  Iian  Intii  pm- 

'I  llir  dlfTrnnt   milN. 

.    Ijiwiflirr.   (ic<iimy| 

!'•:'■      <»iir   .liil.I  li;iH 


III  a  |>rli)liti|t  ofllrr,  fcliirr  lir  wnwl  a  rrft- 

'   ■       '  -   • '  ■     ■'■■■■■     iniuitfiiiii; 

.<  ini;  a  lovp 

tlw    ItTirlr. 

1  li'l.  ttliil.  ill 

'  .  madr  Ihr  Kivnd  dmiK  uf  (lie 
,     ,,), 

t  alarlrtl  for  liotiiP.  aii<l  ciilprpd 

llr  raiTir   Ui   Milinrn|Ni|iK  In 

•lut     Hi    iitifiK    mail    iiltti-xtl    in 

•  r 


V  ■ 

^ 

II 

J  w 

« 


Ulf    »ll.1C   kUtl  liJUtlViUt    i/Ui~l'>  »..        Ill  .>!  )44  UlU  I  . 


r.  and   III    IH' 

'    ^   '    ;■■  <1    Willi    • 

I  I      tllMt        llO 


aiiit  niiiop 

•.Itl     ImftlUiHI    uf 

ul  (lialpaii- 


IKWi.  Mr.  Smith  became  liis  partner,  forming  a 
.:.  enterprising  and  prosperons  firm.  Mr. 
:  married  in  1S7K,  Jennie  Heatli.  Tliey 
liavp  one  rliilii.  .Mary. 

Walter  Miller,  a  native  of  England,  came  to 

Uip  riiited  States  in  18G9,  and  located   in  .Min- 

MCily.     lie  remai'ied  tliere  two  years,  cn- 

,  ■  ■]  in  milling,  having  learned  tliat  busine.ss  in 
Kngland.  He  then  lived  in  Lanesboro  about  one 
and  one-half  years,  ami  from  that  time  wa.s  em- 
plo)<*d  ill  dilTerint  mills  in  this  state  until  May 
ISMi:  since  then  he  has  been  working  as  packer 
ill  the  Standani  mill  of  this  city. 

Sylvester  Mills  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1855, 
and  for  seven  years  workeil  a  farm  in  this  town- 
ship. He  now  has  a  bowling  saloon  and  bar  at 
10.  Spcoiid  street  south. 

David  A.  Milne,  born  March  loth.  IfioS,  in 
Canada.  In  1M>4  he  went  to  Cedar  Falls,  Iowa, 
and  the  next  year  commenced  working  in  a  mill. 
lie  n'moved  to  Nashua  in  1871.  and  for  two  years 
hail  charge  of  K.  1'.  (ireely's  mill;  he  then  came 
to  this  city,  and  was  employed  by  Mr.  Cahill  one 
year.  In  the  spring  of  lhG4  he  rented  the  Money 
('n*ek  .Mill,  at  Houston,  Minnesot.a.  From  there 
went  1(1  Salem.  Wisconsin,  and  in  1S77.  returned 
111  .Miniii-a|Hilis.  He  was  with  Washburn  until 
.hily.  lK7lt.  and  since  then  has  been  at  the 
(iahixy.  where  he  is  the  head  miller.  lie  niar- 
tii-d  Kmnia  I'attison.  August  lUlh  1.S75. 

Charlej*  A.  Mitchell,  business  manager  of  the 
Triliiiiie.  was  Imiiii  in  Cambridge,  Ma.ssachiisetta, 
S<'pteiiil«'r  liith.  IH4).  His  lir.sl  business  ven- 
tuii-  was  ill  conneclion  with  the  Boston  (iold 
MiiiliiK  Ciiiiipaiiy.  in  the  fall  of  ISd").  The  com- 
I'Mliy  will  him  to  Colorado,  when'  be  remained 
t«o  veBrHHiiil  six  months.  Thence  he  returned 
t"  HoHlon,  nniaiiicd  there  until  .June  7.  18(i9, 
be  came  to  Miniicjipolis  and  became  iden- 

1  with  till-  neMs]iapers  of  this  cily  in  July, 

I»«7H,  (IrM  laldiig  charge  of  the  circulation  of  the 
SI.  Paul  I'jouccr.  in  .Minnea|Hilis.  He  remained 
with  the  I'loiHiT.  and  its  successor,  the  I'ioneer 
l'n»ii.  until  IhTO,  when  Ihat  paiier  wa.s  consoli- 

■    I  with  the  MoiniiiK  Tribune  and   the    Kven- 

l:ol      .Mr.  Milchill  lit  that   time  purchased 

■lion,  of  the  Mail  and   the  Tribune, 

lied  the  owner  as  long  as  the  I'ioneer 

i  any  owiifd  thii  Tribune,  and  after  it 

iwwwMl  into  the  haiidH  of  the  present  company, 


JilOGRAPHICAL. 


597 


lip  to  March  9th,  when  lie  was  made  manager  of 
the  Tribune.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  married  in  Ko- 
vember,  1878,  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Church,  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

Amos  L.  Miner  was  born  November  27th,  1887, 
in  Clinton  county,  New  York,  lie  lived  with  his 
parents  until  thirteen  years  of  age,  when  he  tvent 
to  East  Salem  and  clerked  in  a  store  for  his 
brother,  about  two  years.  lie  then  removed  with 
his  brothers  to  Juneau,  Wisconsin,  thence  to 
Ilorieon,  and  after  one  year  to  St.  Croix  county, 
where  he  learned  the  trade  of  mill-wriglit.  In 
1862  he  enlisted  in  the  Thirtieth  Wisconsin  Vol- 
unteers, and  served  three  years.  He  came  to  this 
city  in  June,  1866,  and  was  one  year  with  Web- 
ster and  Pray,  then  went  to  I'olk  county  and 
worked  a  farm  Ave  years.  In  1871  he  returned, 
and  for  nearly  two  years  had  charge  of  the  mill- 
furnishing  department  of  Lee  and  Ilardenberglrs 
iron-works.  He  invented  a  middlings  purifier, 
and  manufactm-ed  them,  in  partnership  with  Har- 
denbergh  and  Fender,  until  October,  1873,  when 
he  sold  his  interest  to  O.  A.  Pray,  and  acted  as 
superintendent  of  the  old  Minnesota  Iron- Works, 
until  June  1st,  1878,  when  he  became  a  partner  in 
the  firm  of  O.  A.  Pray  and  Company.  He  mar- 
ried Sarah  Beede  in  1859.  Their  children  are: 
Adella,  Mary,  Lydia  and  Charles;  one  died  in  in- 
fancy. 

John  Mittwer,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
March  30th,  1844.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1868,  and  has  resided  in  Minneapolis  most  of 
the  time  since.  He  worked  at  painting,  and  af- 
terward in  a  hardware  store  until  1875  when  he 
engaged  in  trade  for  himself.  He  owns  the 
building  which  he  now  occupies,  1301  Washing- 
ton Avenue  north,  and  is  doing  a  good  business 
in  hardware.  In  1870  he  married  Frederica 
Weiss,  who  has  borne  him  one  child,  Julius. 

Louis  Moel'chert,  bom  in  1851,  is  a  native  of 
Prussia.  In  1873  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  and 
was  employed  for  five  years  in  the  hardware 
trade,  part  of  the  time  selling  goods  on  the  road. 
In  June,  1879,  he  fitted  up  and  opened  his  present 
place  of  business,  503  Washington  Avenue  north. 
His  wife  was  Miss  Anna  Brown  ;  their  marriage 
occurred  in  1875.  They  are  the  parents  of  two 
children:  Etta  and  Minne. 

E.  Mohr,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born  in  1854. 
He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1871,  and 


located  at  Sheboygan,  Wisconsin.  In  1879  he  re- 
moved to  Minneapolis  and  engage!  in  the  bakery 
business  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  street  and  Sixth 
Avenue  south.  His  marriage  with  Mary  Torpe 
occuiTed  September  30th,  1877.  They  have  two 
children:  Paul  and  Minnie. 

A.  P.  Molin,  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  April 
3d,  1851.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1869, 
making  Chicago  his  home  two  yeare.  After  taking 
a  tour  throughout  the  country  he  came  to  this  city 
in  1873,  and  has  since  made  this  his  place  of  resi- 
dence. In  1876  he  became  one  of  the  partners  in 
the  firm  of  Ryberg  and  Company  in  the  Stockholm 
meat-market. 

M.  C.  Mooney  was  born  October  29th,  1854,  at 
Newport,  Vermont.  In  1866  he  went  to  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  and  worked  at  the  meat  trade  in 
Faneuil  Hall  Market,  and  in  the  same  business  at 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  until  !March,  1879, 
when  he  removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  in  August 
of  the  year  following,  bought  an  interest  in  the 
firm  of  Barker  and  Company,  717  Washington 
Aveiiue  south. 

Professor  John  G.  Moore  was  born  in  Germany 
in  November,  1848.  His  father  dying,  Mr.  Moore 
in  1863,  came  to  America  with  his  guardian,  and 
went  to  Oswego  county.  New  York.  At  the 
close  of  the  war,  he  made  a  tour  through  the 
South,  and  then  went  to  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
After  attending  s.,'hool  for  a  time,  he  returned  to 
Oswego  county,  entered  the  academy  at  Mex- 
ico, where  he  fitted  for  college,  and  entered  Cor- 
nell University  whence  he  graduated  after  a  four 
years  course.  After  graduating,  he  held  the  po- 
sition of  instructor  in  German  in  Trumansburg 
Academy,  m  Tompkins  county,  for  two  years. 
In  1873  he  received  an  offer  from  the  State  Uni- 
versity, which  he  accepted,  and  after  being  em- 
ployed as  instructor  in  German  for  two  years  was 
appointed  Professor  of  German,  which  he  stUl 
retains.  Professor  Moore  was  married,  in  1877^ 
to  Miss  Anna  Cole  of  Sene  a.  New  York.  They 
have  one  child,  William  C. 

II.  G.  O.  ^tlorrison  was  bom  in  Livermore, 
Maine,  January  24th,  1817.  In  the  spring  of 
1834  he  went  into  a  printing-office  at  Gardner, 
and  from  there  to  Bangor  the  following  Decem- 
ber, where  he  engaged  on  the  Bangor  ^V'hig  and 
Courier.  He  graduated  at  the  Bangor  high 
school,  and  read  law  with  Appleton  and  llUl,  the 


msToitr  OF  HEsyEPjy  couyrr. 


lanart  l»o»  rti»rt  Jiirianr-  Afplil<«i.  lie  WM 
MtmtUnl  to  Uir  Imt  In  the  fall  of  IkX^.  and  U-gan 

prarU'-'  "*      ''"■     lie  t««ii>  r)«<rlcid  to  Uie 

Maine  ■    (nil  "f  l»»m  mid   wn«l 

In  Uir--  Kii      II.                    :    till-   prar- 

tjr-r     >  -.•.■III   M IlvVi.  wlieii 

l„  \ .  aitd  l»  n  >  enrii  Ulrr  went 

%,  vvri  "f  Pino 

In  ihr  '  fif  MlnnmoU  duiinR  tlii-  ws- 
Mcm*  '  I.  In  1M:  wax  a)<t>nint<vl  liy 
l'm>t<l<  '  a  i«"""f  of  till'  iiitcnial  rev- 
Mi  im>  f«r  ll>'  iliktrici.  nliich  llii'ii 
rMBinlwO  '.  ''1  <>f  (tic  Ktalc.  and 
Itrld  tlM-t>"  .or  I  me.  Up  movrd 
V  1  1S7L'. 
•  L  >    ">I- 

hru«  nf  Intmul  mi««M>  fram  lMi»  (o  Ikth,  and 

^.  •         '  ■  ,n .    Hp 

It  II  and 

Kitrb       llr   «a»  marnml  in   IMI    to   .Muria   ]■'. 

l,-r '     "Mtnr,  iJiP   dlod   tiinp  .M-ant  aftpr. 

If..  '  II.     Up  wan  niarritNl  tiic  M<r<ind 

l^-  1  Ncw- 

«■'  David 

W  llrtijaniln  and  SlAnfonl. 

(kloU-r  KUh.  IMl.at 

■<•      lie   rauiP   to   St, 

''   and  wiirknl  wlUi liiti 

i..  •.•'•.  tlipn  MPiit  to  I'luttlp 

ll  «i>itip<l   on   a   rami   two 

ynu*      Jlr  .  '.I  Vol- 

Unlfi  f>    uif  '  :   IwinK 

n.  iriumnl  Ui  IliU  clly  and  linx 

».  '      "    ■"  ■■■•:<■, 

||.  .IH 

ft.'  IKWi.    llr  nianlnl 

'  In  111*  iia- 

(wrruU  (<i 

II  Uip  inpf- 

* .. 

tf 

tx4i|«>Ii>  ll»iif«l»i    Wi.ilt    liHiig  » 

t^  "  * '       "  "    »  .i  iiu.i 

«  1X7S 

-   —  .-  ...  Janiiar;   \Hh.  I^ —  „; 
Main*     II*  «ttit  la  CalKurnla  in 


I  1852,  remained  about  two  years,  and  removed  to 
M.-jc<mili.  Illinois,  wliere  he  was  in  the  real  es- 
tatp  lnisines.s  until  he  enlisted,  in  1SC2,  in  Seventy- 
I  piv'htli   Illinois   Volunteers  as  private,  and  was 
l.nmiot.Hl   to  lirst  lieutenant.     He  was  captured 
and  held  a  pri-soner  seventeen  months;  after  he 
rejoined  his  rejtiment.  he  was  commissioned  cap- 
tain, and  was  hononibly  discliarged  in  June,  1865. 
Till-  followint;  spring  he  came  here,  and  for  a 
I  Ume  enfrasred  in  the  purchase  of  lion  r  for  eastern 
;  markets;  then  wa.s  in  the  wliolesale  grocery  ti-ade 
!  three  years  with  Messrs.  Stephens  and  Newell, 
[  and  hits  since  been  doing  an  extensive  real  estate 
and  loan  liusiness.     April,  1859,  he  married  Liz- 
rie  I'illsbuPi,  who  has  borne  him  six  children; 
the  living  are,  (ieorge,  Mary,  Edward.  William 
and  Frank. 

Frank  L.  Morse,  a  native  of  Vermont,  was 
iKim  .lanuar)-,  1H37,  at  Johnson.  April,  1858,  he 
came  to  St.  Anthony.  At  the  first  Minneapolis 
election  he  was  chosen  alderman,  and  was  three 
times  reelected  to  that  olllce:  he  was  also  elected 
to  represent  this  district  in  the  legislature  in  1K71, 
and  four  limes  re-elected.  Mr.  Morse  was  mar- 
rii-il  in  Chicago.  June.  187!),  to  Catherine  Cum- 
iningH,  of  IJiirlington,  Vermont. 

(Jeorge  A.  Morse  was  bnrn    in  Peterborough, 
IlillslKinnigh  county.  New  Ilamiishire.  July  6tli, 
IKi<l.     He  moved  to  Lowell,  Massachusetts,  in 
1K.VJ.  anil  two  years  later  to  Lewistown,  Maine. 
Ill  (JctolM-r,  IKUJ,  lie  come  to  this  city,  and  the 
year  following,  starti-d  in  the  book  and  stationery 
buKincjm;  he  is  located   at   liufi   Central    Avenue. 
Mr.  Moriie's  family  consists  of  a  wife  and  one  son. 
Kli.'Ls  W.  Mortimer  was  born  at  Hastings,  Eng- 
land. May  .'lllh.  Ik;{7.     lie  caiiie  to  America  and 
l(N-ntc<l  itt  St.  Paul  in  1855.  working  at  the  baker's 
trade.     In  lS(i:t  he  enlisted  in  the   Fifth  Minne- 
iwit;i  Infantry  and  Kerveil   until  the  fall  ofl8U5; 
wliPh  diiM'liarged  he  was  orderly  sergeant  of  com- 
pany F.     lie  returned  to  Minnesota  and  has  since 
l<p<Mi  PinployiHl  by  llie  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and 
I'iba  railway  eoinpany.     He  is  now  baggage 
of  the   Northern   Pacific  railroad,  the  Chi- 
:iff<i,  St.  Paul,  MinneaiKiliH  and  Omaha  railway, 
mid  general  Imggage  agent  for  the  Minnea|)olis 
and  SI.  I/niiis  railroad.     His  wife  was  Allanice 
lla\fonl    of    Farmersville,  New    Viuk.     Their 
i  hildtvn  an-:   KIia.H.  Mary  Jane,  tieorgia  and  Wil- 
I  lie. 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


599 


G.  W.  Mortimer  was  bom  at  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
sota, July  27tli,  1857.  He  moved  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Northfield,  where  he  worked  three  years 
in  the  packing  department  of  tlie  Ames  mill.  In 
1870  he  came  to  this  city  and  for  three  years  was 
employed  at  the  Washburn  B  mill ;  he  was  with 
Mr.  Cahill  at  Minnetonka  two  years,  and  one  year 
at  the  Fillsbury  mill  liere.  lie  then  removed  to 
Bed  "VVing  and  was  employed  in  a  mill  there  three 
years,  but  returned  to  Minneapolis  in  August, 
1880,  and  went  to  work  at  tlie  Galaxy.  His  wife 
was  Miss  G.  A.  Foster.  Tlieir  children  are: 
Chancie  and  Frederick. 

Elias  Moses,  bom  April  18th,  1829,  in  Piscata- 
quis county,  Maine.  He  was  left  an  orphan  at 
the  age  of  fourteen,  and  when  eighteen  years  of 
age  engaged  as  salesman  in  a  general  merchan- 
dise store;  the  next  year  he  went  mto  the  lumber 
business,  which  he  carried  on,  in  connection  with 
farming,  for  eight  years.  He  came  to  St.  Anthony 
in  October,  1856,  and  lias  since  been  in  the  lumber 
trade,  having  been  in  business  for  himself  since 
1860.  He  married  Lydia  Nichols,  of  Maine,  in 
1852.  Their  three  children  have  all  passed  away: 
Hannah,  Herbert  and  an  unnamed  infant.  Mrs. 
Moses  died  April  4th,  1879. 

E.  II.  ^Moulton,  a  native  of  New  York  city,  was 
born  January  10th,  1844.  He  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1872  and  has  been  treasurer  of  the  Farmers 
and  Mechanics  Savings  bank  since  its  organiza- 
tion in  1874.  jNIr.  Moulton's  wife  was  Harriet 
Skiles;  tlieir  marriage  occured  November  11th, 
1874.    They  have  two  children:  Kate  and  Eder. 

E.  Moulton,  deceased,  was  born  in  1827,  at 
Haviland,  Maine.  He  came  to  St.  Anthony  in 
1849  and  worked  at  carpentering  fifteen  years. 
In  1864  he  established  the  second  planing  mill  on 
the  east  side.  The  firm  of  E.  Moulton  and  son, 
commenced  manufacturing  farm  wagons  in  1879, 
making  a  specialty  of  "The  Moulton  Wagon;" 
shop  is  at  the  comer  of  Division  and  Taylor 
streets,  east  division.  Mr.  Moulton  died  during 
the  winter  of  1880. 

John  15.  Mueller  was  born  in  Bavaria  in  1850. 
He  emigrated  to  America  and  was  twelve  years 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  Morocco  leather, 
at  Milwaukee,  and  at  tlie  same  time  had  an  inter- 
est in  a  New  York  fur  company.  In  1862  lie  re- 
moved to  St.  Paul,  where  for  three  years  he  was 
engaged  in  the  distillery  and  wholesale  liquor 


trade.  May,  1865,  he  came  to  this  city,  and  that 
yeai-  the  corner  stone  of  the  Mueller  and  Hein- 
rich  brewery  was  laid  by  Kranzlein  and  Mueller. 
In  1857  he  married  Rosa  Smith,  of  Milwaukee. 
They  have  seven  children. 

Louis  C.  Mueller  was  bom  in  Germany,  March 
24th,  1839.  In  February,  1859,  he  came  to  the 
United  States,  and  lived  in  Milwaukee  ten  years, 
employed  as  salesman  for  a  large  dry  goods  house. 
He  removed  with  his  brother  to  Faribault  in 
1865,  and  although  commencing  with  very  little 
capital,  they  have  by  energy  and  perseverance, 
built  up  the  leading  dry  goods  house  of  that  place. 
In  1876  Mr.  Mueller  opened,  in  Minneapolis,  the 
German-Scandinavian  Bank,  and  was  president 
of  the  institution;  after  paying  all  depositors,  he 
closed  the  bank  in  October,  1878.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Mueller  and  Schulte  since 
June,  1880;  they  deal  in  harness  and  saddlery 
hardware.  Mr.  Mueller  married,  in  1868,  Matilda 
Hill.    They  have  one  child:  Cora. 

A.  H.  Mudgett,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born 
in  1824,  at  Hallowell.  He  moved  to  Boston  in 
1842,  and  Chicago  in  1862,  thence  to  Rochelle, 
and  in  1875,  to  Tiptown.  He  has  been  in  practice 
as  a  veterinai-y  surgeon  more  than  thirty  years. 
In  April,  1878,  he  came  to  this  city;  his  office  is 
at  410  Fourth  street  south. 

Wilham  Mulliken,  born  July  19th,  18.30,  in 
Steuben  county,  New  York.  He  learned  civil  en- 
gineering and  followed  that  business  in  Ohio  and 
Indiana  until  1856,whenhe  went  to  Illinois,  and  in 
1860,  to  Wisconsin.  He  came  to  this  city  in  July, 
1863,  and  was  employed  as  assistant  engineer  on 
the  MinneapoUs  and  St.  Paul  Railway  unt  1  De- 
cember, 1865,  when  he  went  to  the  Pennsylvania 
oil  regions.  He  returned  to  Minnesota,  and  has 
much  of  the  time  since,  been  in  the  real  estate 
business;  he  was  in  the  United  States  land  office 
from  1870  to  "74.  and  was  one  year  special  agent 
in  the  pension  department.  In  June,  1880,  he  re- 
turned to  this  city,  and  has  since  been  dealing  in 
l)ine  lands.  He  married  Sarah  Cortelyon  in  1859. 
They  have  one  child,  Ida. 

Albert  S.  Munger  was  born  March  1st,  1837,  at 
Orwell.  Vermont.  In  1857,  he  moved  to  Water- 
ford,  Minnesota,  and  woiked  at  farming  a  num- 
ber of  years;  he  removed  to  this  city  in  1867  and 
was  engaged  with  George  B.  Wright  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  until  1870,  when  he 


«M< 


lliywUY  OF  HEySEPIS  COUNTY. 


ratrtt^  the  jxOicr  foror.  and  five  years  later  was 

•     '      '       '  Mr.    MiiiiRcr  is 

lilt  Hiiil  (■(firirnt 

; )    Motion  lioiisp.  in 

.  ,   ...  ;  ...    i. .....  wjiilli.     lU'inarricil 


In  INM.  Mar^  Kelly.  wh<.  mm  a  trarluT  in  Uie 
•  '].    TliP\     have   oni' 


pp(«ruii 

«< 

y 


A 


MiiiiMHi.  ■  tiallvp  of  Maiiip.  wa-s  l>oni 

•'     l.i«n  of  ("<Ki]MT.     He 

,itli  at  KiLsI   .Mitcliia.-* 

it»4i»,   wliPii  lie   \M'iit  to 

4  only  Hpvrn  nuiiitlii«.  Imt 

■  •v'l::  ajiil  Nlaynl  one  and  one-half 

to  Miiitic:i|Mi1is. 

:  S.I11  a  sliort  linii'. 

•ikI^IIip  >p*t  following  i-htalillKliPd  IiIkowii  l>lnrk- 

IMl .  liP  marrii-fl  .Mihs  Alc 

.  <■  two  datiifliti'iv. 

Miin>l".  >"'ni  iK-ccnilMT.   IWil.  in   In-land. 

.   . .  , ,  .■>  .,f  jyp..  |,|.  ramc  with  hi»  par- 

.11(1  l<K-alml  in  Srnara  county. 

■I'd  tin-  lilarksiiiilh'fi 

1  to  SI.   I'aiil.  thi'iice 

K.     Iff  ha«  luul  flifTrnMit  imrtncix, 

■  ■'     ■      ,  of  Miir]iliy  and 

<  ''iiiithiii)!  at  111 

in  .Sovi-nilMT.  IMMl.  h<'  niar- 

Ttipy  haM- liM'1  ">■■■•  ■iiildreii, 

I*  drail 

'    liii!*iMr»sn 

'  -    liatliTliN, 

M<>|i  U<ldpr»,  rioihra  ilryiTH,  InmiiiK 

>  ».      IIU  plan-  of   liliNilifSH 
1    Mini    IiIh   ivHldiMic-c    :«•« 


N. 
tr;. 
U. 
Im 
M. 
M 
r»« 
<■» 
J 
All 


r 


rr.t 


.«    "f  lii'miaiiy.  wax  Inuii 

••i     mil.    Ihxn       lie  (•miirrul'Nt    to    Hit- 

■  I 


11     If . . 


Flit  tbr  iwM  yru  lie  lia»  Imni  dnploycd  ax 

'      111    1W17 

•    1    rlillilri'll 

.111.  I.ii<t«l«and  Wotidlln. 

ti  In   l^wlk  rvMinly,  Ni-w' 

II    T<«ni   of   »gv    lir    lyiin- 

Iti 

•  turn 

llr  I*  na«r  a  irnHnbcr  nf  Uic 

nttii  ■  !  My;*  sui'i  Jrm-rU.    IU»  «lfp  wan  Ku»li< 


Hinton.  whom  he  married  in  1808.  Mrs.  Myers 
dicil  February  iJTth,  1.S77,  leaving  one  child.  .Mary 
Helen. 

W.  D.  Myers.  M.  D..  was  born  in  Madison 
i-oiuity.  New  York,  February,  mw.  He  was  ed- 
ucated at  Washington.  D.C.and  graduated  from 
the  National  rniversity,  medical  department  of 
Columbia  College.  He  was  one  year  surgeon  of 
the  Kighty-eighth  Indiana  Infantry,  and  after 
Ix'ing  mustered  out.  resnnud  his  practice  at 
Waterloo.  Indiana.  December,  1878,  he  came  to 
this  city  and  established  the  Surgical  Infirmary, 
of  which  he  is  surgeon  and  medical  director.  It 
has  thirty  finely  furnislied  rooms,  and  is  situated 
on  the  corner  of  Second  .V venue  soutli  and  Third 
street. 


CIl.M'TKK  LXXXl. 


llIOOK.\rniC.VL,    X,   (I    .\NI)    1'. 

Ucv.  Kdward  DufTield  Neill  was  the  first  Pro- 
testant clergyman  who  settled  in  St.  Paul.  lie 
was  Ixini  ill  Pliiladelphia  on  August  i>th.  1823, 
and  is  the  son  of  the  late  Henry  Neill,  M.  D.,one 
of  the  vice-pn'sidents  of  the  college  of  physicians 
ill  lliat  city.  He  was  a  student  at  the  I'niversity 
of  I'eiiiisylvania  and  .\nihcrst  College, Massachu- 
KettM.  graduating  in  1842, at  the  latter  institution. 
His  llieologlcal  studies  were  jmi'sued  at  .Vndover 
TluMilogical  .S'liiinary,  and  under  the  distin- 
guisluMl  couimentat<ir.  the  Uev.  .Albert  Harnes  of 
Philadelphia.  Declining  calls  to  churches  in 
|H|7.  he  went  to  the  neighborhood  of  (iaiena,  Il- 
linois, where  he  i»crfiirined  missioiuiry  labor 
among  the  niinerx.  At  his  own  reipiesl  he  was 
IniniifeiTed  to  St.  Paul,  then  a  small  hamlet,  by 
the  Prehbyterj  iif  (iaiena.  and  on  the2:id  of  .Vpril, 
l>»lli.  arrived  there,  and  at  unci-  coniiiicnced  liis 
Inborh.  and  made  amuigeini'iils  to  liujlil  tlie  first 
brii-k  dwidling  in  .Minnesota,  which  is  still  in 
giHxl  prewrvation.  situated  near  the  corner  of 
I'oiiilli  and  Wa.shlngt<iii.  opposite  the  Metropoli- 
tan Hot^'l,  St.  Paul.  During  the  (irst  year  of  his 
H'sidenoe  In  St.  Paul  he  also  preached  at  the  falls 
of  St.  AnUiuuy  every  other  Sunday  afternoon,  as 


BIOGEAPHICAL. 


601 


has  been  mentioned  in  tlie  history  of  Minneapo- 
lis, lie  erected  tlie  first  Protestant  house  of  wor- 
ship for  the  white  popuhition  of  Minnesota,  at  St. 
Panl,  in  the  summer  of  1849.  and  in  November 
of  tlie  same  year  organized  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  in  St.  Paul.  In  May,  1850,  the  wooden 
clunch  l)uilding  was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  a  large 
brick  cliurcli  at  tlie  corner  of  Third  and  St.  Peter 
streets  was  built  in  its  place,  and  is  now  changed 
into  stores.  Eesigning  tlie  charge  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  church,  he  began  to  preach  in  the 
new  and  upper  portion  of  St.  Paul,  where  there 
were  no  churches,  and  in  1855  organized  the 
church  known  as  the  "House  of  Hope.''  now  the 
largest  in  that  city,  of  which  the  Rev.  David  R. 
Breed  is  pastor.  He  acted  as  its  pastor  for  five 
years,  when  he  resigned.  Williams,  in  his  -'Ilistoiy 
of  St.  Paul"  writes:  "During  tliis  period  he  gave 
gi-eat  attention  to  educational  and  literary  mat- 
ters. He  was  appointed  territorial  superintend- 
ent of  instruction  in  1851 ,  and  held  tliat  office  two 
years.  In  1853  he  organized  and  secured  the  erec- 
tion and  endowment  of  the  'Baldwin  School.' 
In  1855  he  secured  the  building  of  the  'College 
of  St.  Paul,'  which  was  for  several  years  a  clas- 
sical academy  for  young  men.  He  was  at  the 
same  time  secretary  of  the  St.  Paul  board  of  edu- 
cation. For  several  years  he  was  chancellor  of 
the  State  University.  He  was  also  state  suiierin- 
tendent  of  public  instruction  from  1858  to  1864, 
and  secretary  of  the  Historical  Society  from  1851 
to  186.3."  Hon.  D.  Burt,  state  superintendent  of 
public  instruction,  hi  his  report  in  1881  to  the 
legislature  of  Minnesota,  vsrrites:  "The  territorial 
law  of  1851,  requiring  the  governor  to  appoint  a 
superintendent  of  scliools,  remained  in  the  statutes 
until  1860.  In  that  year,  it  was  enacted,  that 
the  Clianeellor  of  the  University,  an  officer 
then  required  to  be  appointed  by  the  board 
of  regents  sliould  be  ex-otficio  superintendent. 
This  act  made  E.  D.  Neill  the  first  state 
superintendent  of  public  instruction.  In  the 
first  state  report,  he  recommended  tlie  gen- 
uine township  system,  and  the  appointment  of 
county  superintendents,  and  also  that  the  ap- 
portionment of  school  funds  should  be  made, 
upon  the  number  of  scholars,  attending  the  dis- 
trict school.  Two  of  these  early  recommenda- 
tions have  been  realized,  and  the  third  is  yet  to 
come.    The  fu'st  annual  state  report  could  con- 


tain but  few  statistics,  since  territorial  superin- 
tendents had  adopted  no  plan  for  gathering  such 
data.  Mr.  Xeill  was  the  author  of  the  first 
teachers"  register  ever  issued  in  the  state,  and  of 
the  first  forms  used  for  reports  on  the  condition 
of  schools.  On  the  7th  of  March,  1861,  a  law 
was  passed  re(iuiring  a  joint  convention  of  the 
senate  and  house  to  eltct  a  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  for  a  term  of  two  years.  What- 
ever may  have  been  the  motives  dictating  this 
legislation,  it  could  not  have  resulted  from  any 
general  hostility  to  Mr.  Neill,  for  on  the  same 
day  in  which  the  act  became  a  law,  he  was 
elected,  in  joint  convention,  by  an  almost  unani- 
mous vote,  as  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion, for  two  years.  But  on  the  :29th  of  April, 
he  was  appointed  chaplain  of  the  First  Minnesota, 
causing  a  vacancy  in  the  superintendency,  which 
the  Governor  filled,  by  requirement  of  the  school 
law."  • 

In  June,  1861,  he  accompanied  the  first  troops 
that  left  Fort  Snelling,  for  the  seat  of  war,  as 
chaplain  of  the  First  Minnesota  Regiment,  and 
was  with  that  regiment,  in  the  first  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  and  at  Fair  Oaks,  and  in  the  seven  day's 
conflict  ending  nt  ^Malvern  Hills.  He  was  then 
appointed  by  President  Lincoln,  United  States 
hospital  chaplain,  and  assigned  to  one  of  the 
Philadelphia  hospitals.  Early  in  1864,  he  re- 
ceived an  appointment  at  the  President's  house, 
in  Washington,  as  secretary  to  open  and  arrange 
al.  correspondence,  and  to  sign  land  patents  for 
the  President.  He  continued  on  duty  in  the 
Executive  mansion  until  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Grant,  in  1869,  United  States  consul 
at  Dublin.  lie  held  the  consulate  for  two  years, 
then  resigned,  and  resumed  his  work  in  Minne- 
sota, which  had  been  suspended  by  the  civil 
war,  as  president  of  the  Baldwin  School  and  Col- 
lege of  St.  Paul,  wliicli  were  consolidated  by  the 
legislature,  in  1874,  as  Macalester  College,  so 
called,  because  the  late  Charles  Macalester,  of 
Philadelphia,  bequeathed  to  the  college  the  large 
five  story  stone  edifice,  built  for  a  hotel,  situated 
in  the  East  Division  of  Minneapolis,  overlooking 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

In  January,  1874,  Mr.  Xeill  was  one  of  the 
first  clergymen  to  unite  in  the  Reformed  Episco- 
pal church  movement,  and,  he  was  instrumental 
in  the  erection  of  Christ  Church,  on  Hennepin 


•oe 


msWRY  OF  HEXNEPIN  COVXTT. 


le.  In  M  «)ilr)i   lie  Ktill  tipn-rs. 

'r-   ■  •  ••■!'iiior  to  niagaxines 

!  xrvi-nti  spnnons. 

'IS   \vn: 

"I  I'.v  J. 

II.  iJt'i'tiKwU  and  <'<>m|Nui.v..  pp.  n^A:  IiiKtor>  of 

-  ■     -IjcmI  ill  1S7.S: 

^:;^  l>|i.  plll)- 

^niiili  mill  IlHiritoiii, 

.;.!. ..«■. or  Tlin-adu of  Marj- 

J.  H.  l.ippinrott  and  Com- 

I  '         iiiil  and 

.     ;\.      IWIS. 

I  .1  (VitniNUi)  of  I^oiidoii.  Jorl  Miin- 

K  pp.   4aj;  KiirIikIi 

I  .III  and  C'4im|>any. 

I,. I. .1.1  I  I  t' ;ii,d.   IK7I.  pp.   'At>'Z;  Founders  of 

>l«t>liiii<I  -' '  !  Ii>   JiK'l  MnnwU.  AHiany, 

IKTft.   |i|>.  ••nota    Kxpliin-p*   and    I'iiv 

tinfTk.  fur  Nuiiii  h4Hi  riililiiiliiiiK  (Vimitany,  ]8>sl, 

W  «> 

Vat  auny  nf  Uir  fart*  in  pn-|iarinK  tliin  Kkctch, 
V.  .  •!  to  Jnliiiiuin'H  <'yrlo|M-<lia, 

■   of  Aiilliom.  and    Drake's 
1  'gnipliy.     Mr.  Ncill  »aN  married 

<  ■  ;.  by  Ue\.  .1.  .1.  (Jniff.  at  Snow 

I  riHinty    Mart  land,   to   Nancy. 

''■  llnll.  of  haiil  roiinty.     IHh 

'  U.  Uini  In  SL  I'anl.  Marrli 

-■  'H.  Umi  in  St.  I'aul,  IhT<'nil»(T 

I  St    I'anl.   April   LMIi. 

'  ■  111  III  M.  I'aiil.  AiiKiiHt 

Marttn.  Ixim  In  St.  I'aul; 


il-  m   nmii\,.%,\    cif    MiniifaiMiIlK 
nia.  Imni  (K'tolN'r 

.;.i«i>il  In  IiIn  native 

wttPTP  lie  Inantnl  llic  Rlioctnakrrh  tnidc. 

\ariiiiih 

'  il>  luid 

i»  XnOr  iinUI  l«;i.  wbi-n   Iw  o|icncd 

'  ■  ■        1->I  and 

»  Mary 

1x1  In   I  MID. 

l-iK-yilwIiM,) 


to  Amrt1(«  In    IMMl, 

\|'t, !,.».. la.  rvmalnlng 


there  two  years,  when  he  ranie  to  Minneapolis. 
lie  enpafte*!  with  E.  Uroad  in  the  maimfacture 
of  edged  tools,  and  general  blacksniithing.  After 
having  learned  his  trade  he  travekd  tlinuigh  the 
South,  working  at  several  places  lie  visited.  In 
1K72,  he  returned  to  this  city,  and  four  years  later 
formed  a  partnership  with  E.  llernlund,  and  aft- 
erwards taking  Mr.  Malnisten  as  a  partner  in 
lilaiksniithing.  His  marriage  with  Kiniiia  llern- 
lund occurred  in  1.S7.5.  One  daughter  has  been 
Iwm  to  them,  Olive  H. 

U.  E.  Nelson,  a  native  of  Kentucky,  was  born 
in  lK4a.  He  became  a  resident  of  Minneapolis 
in  1804.  For  a  .short  time  he  was  engaged  in 
rafting  lumber,  then  was  employed  in  a  shingle 
mill,  and  remained  until  l.S(i7,  at  which  time  he 
assumed  the  control  of  the  liutler  mill,  sawing 
shingles  by  the  thousand  tintil  1872.  He  then 
liecame  a  partner  of  W.  C.  Stetson.  They  built 
the  racific  planing  mill,  also  the  St.  Louis  mill. 
In  lK7!i  this  iirm  dis.solved,  Mr,  Stetson  tiiking 
the  Pacific  and  Mr,  Nelson  the  St.  Louis  mill, 
which  he  has  had  in  oiieration  since.  He  was 
married  in  IMilt  to  .Maitlia  Hose,  wliodied  in  1874, 

I  leaving  two  sons,  William  E,  ami  (iuy  II.  His 
second  wife  was  Miss  Fredingburg,  wIkiui  be 
mamed  in  1S7.5, 

Thom.Ls  Nelson  "Forday"  was  born  in  Forday, 
Norway,  June  2()tli,  185:2,  He  received  his  edu- 
cation in  his  native  town,  where  he  lived  until 
IMiH.  tlieii  came  to  America,  locating  first  in 
Michigan,     Fii)ui  there  he  went  on  the  lakes  as 

j  a  sailor,  tlience  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  government.  In  IKHS  he  was  un- 
der (ieiieral  ("lister  in  the  New  Mexico  and  Kan- 
Kan  campaign.  He  became  a  resident  of  .Miniie- 
ajxilis  in  IK(iH.  Hiid  turned  his  attention  to   lum- 

I  iH-ring  until  IKKO,  when  he  was  appointed  on  the 

I   IMilice  force,  where  he  has  continued.     Mr.   Nel- 

I  Hon  In  a  single  man. 

I  (;eiiend  A.  H.  Nettleton.  editor  of  tlie  .Morning 
Tribune,  wai  iHirii  in  Delaware  county.  Ohio, 
November  Mill,  Is.Sh;  lived  on  the  parental  farm 

I  until  Nlxt«M-n  yearn  of  age,  attending  the  common 
licJiiKild  of  the  neighborhood.  In  IS.Vj  he  accept- 
«l  einplo.\menl  with  a  leading  mercantile  and 
lumlMTlnghrmat  Lexington.  Michigan.  In  1857 
lie  entenil  OJHrlin  College.  Ohio,  While  yet  at 
college,  on  April  14th.  18(11.  two  days  after  the 
fall  of  FortSiiinpter,  heeiili.stedasa  private  in  an 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


603 


Ohio  volunteer  infantry  company,  under  Presi- 
dent Lincoln's  first  call  for  75.000  troops,  and  was 
chosen  first  sergeant.  The  company  was  not  ac- 
cepted by  the  governor  of  the  state,  as  Ohio's 
quota  was  already  full.  After  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  in  July  of  1861,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
again  volunteered  for  army  service  as  a  private  in 
Company  II  of  the  Second  Ohio  Cavalry,  then  or- 
ganizing at  Camp  Wade,  near  Cleveland,  Oliio. 
Was  elected  first  lieutenant  of  his  company,  and 
marched  to  the  front  in  October,  1861.  Served 
with  his  regiment  in  Kansas,  Arkansas,  Indian 
TeiTitory,  Missouri,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Geor- 
gia, Alabama,  West  Virginia,  Ohio,  Indiana  (in 
the  latter  states  during  Morgan's  raid),  Virginia, 
Maryland  and  North  Carolina.  His  service  was 
continuous  from  August,  1861,  to  June  15th, 
1865— two  months  after  the  final  surrender  of  the 
confederate  armies,  and  among  the  officers  under 
whom  he  directly  served  were  Blunt,  Biirnside, 
H.  G.  Wright,  G.  A.  Custer,  Wilson,  Sheridan, 
Meade  and  Grant — the  last  year  and  a  half  of  ser- 
vice, being  imder  the  immediate  leadership  of 
Custer  in  Sheridan's  famous  cavalry  corps  of  the 
Pot<imac  army.  Was  present  in  seventy-three 
engagements  and  pitched  battles,  including 
among  the  latter,  Grant's  campaign  of  the  Wil- 
derness, and  Sheridan's  brilliant  series  of  victo- 
ries in  the  Shenandoali  Valley.  He  was  succes- 
sively promoted  to  captain,  major,  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  colonel  of  his  regiment,  and  was 
brevetted  brigadier-general  on  the  recommenda- 
tion of  General  Custer,  as  of  date  February  25th, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
Shenandoah  campaign.  After  being  mustered 
out  of  the  army  he  studied  law  for  a  time  at  the 
law  school  in  Albany,  New  York.  In  1866  be- 
came editor  and  part  proprietor  of  the  Daily  Reg- 
ister at  Sandusky,  Ohio.  In  1868  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national  republican  convention  at  Chicago, 
which  nominated  Grant  and  Colfax  for  president 
and  vice-president.  In  1868  removed  from  San- 
dusky to  Chicago  and  became  publisher  of  the 
Advance.  In  1870  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and 
became  associated  with  the  banking  house  of  Jay 
Cooke  and  Company  in  their  relation  as  fiscal 
agents  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Com- 
pany; and  also  held  the  position  of  general  agent 
of  the  trustees  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad, 
in  comiection  with  the  land  mterests  of  that  cor- 


poration. In  1875,  served  as  general  agent  of  the 
purchasing  committee  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  Company  in  re-organizing  the  corpora- 
tion. Has  served  for  ten  years  as  a  trustee  of  Ober- 
lin  College.  In  March,  1 880,  removed  to  Minneapo- 
lis, Minnesota,  having  purchased  a  half  interest 
in  the  Daily  Tribune. 
H.  T.  Ness,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born  in 

1843.  He  came  to  this  city  in  1870,  and  has  since 
been  engaged  in  tlie  hotel  business.  He  is  now 
proprietor  of  the  Western  House,  119  Second 
street  north,  owned  by  Mr.  Lawrence,  of  the  law 
firm  of  Wilson  and  Lawrence.  Mr.  Ness  was 
married  in  1871,  to  Olene  Peterson.  They  have 
had  four  child  .en  ;  only  one  is  living,  Ida  G. 

Louis  Neudeck,  deceased,  was  bom  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania,  December  25th,  1821.  He 
was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  of  this  region, 
coming  to  St.  Anthony  in  184i).  He  received  his 
education  in  his  native  city,  and  later  engaged  in 
the  meat  business,  in  which  he  continued  until 

1844,  when  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Beloit, 
Wisconsin,  remaining  one  year ;  thence  to  Rock- 
ford.  Illinois,  a  few  months,  and  next,  in  1845,  to 
Stillwater,  Minnesota,  where  he  opened  a  dry 
goods  store,  continuing  until  coming  to  this  city. 
In  1855  he  opened  a  meat  market  in  St.  Anthony, 
but  sold  out  in  1861.  During  tlie  Indian  troubles 
of  the  next  year,  he  assisted  in  raising  and  was 
one  of  Anson  Northrup's  company,  which  went 
to  Fort  Ridgely.  In  1863,  Mr.  Neudeck,  in  com- 
pany with  Captain  Fisk,  went  to  Montana,  and 
opened  a  ranche  for  the  purpose  of  doing  an  ex- 
tensive business  in  cattle  raising.  He  returned 
to  this  city  for  supplies  in  1864,  and  again  started 
witli  a  wagon  train  of  seven  teams.  When  near 
Fort  Rice.  Montana,  one  of  the  wagons  needing 
repairing,  he,  with  several  men  remained  in  the 
rear,  to  perform  the  task.  While  here  they  were 
attacked  by  Indian?.  Mr.  Neudeck  and  several 
others  were  murdered.  His  body  was  never  re- 
covered. The  only  clue  to  the  sad  fate  of  this 
unfortunate  pioneer  was  a  revolver  on  which  was 
his  name,  it  being  snatched  from  one  of  the  In- 
dians. Six  of  the  wagons  with  the  supplies 
reached  Fort  Rice,  and  were  sold,  the  proceeds 
being  sent  to  the  widow  and  children  in  this  city. 
His  widow  was  formerly  Catherine  Wolff,  wliom 
he  married  in  1848.  There  are  five  children  liv- 
ing. 


tk'l 


/// 


I'lRY  OF  HBNyEI'iy  COUNTY. 


Ijaait  \\  •  life  Jong  n-sidcnt  of  Uiis 

'  ■     iiis 

,.-.1 

<«,  Mid  6r«t  worknl   for  (ilciin  aiid 

■    u  for  E.  n.  Ames.    Af- 

in  IK70.  tic  rnir.itnNl  in 
!i  mill  K«'<l  WitiR.  and 

.    Ill   I(«7!i.     Inini<"<liat«'lY 

a(i<^.  >■)•   UMiklit   Itx*    iDMt    nuu-ket  of    IIenr>- 
^  .il.    Ilisiiiiir- 

j.occiirnMl  ill 
]<■:■■      I  i  •  \.  hfiiiiic.  • 

.1  iiiitivf  of  Sw«l<'ii.  Iwini 

lie  livi-<l  on  a  fann  until 

■it  ttK<'.  wlii-ii  lie  rn|nnir'licc<l    liis 

a  t;<i|or.    llfciiii|i:ral<-d  to  Anio- 

M  Jolicl.  IllinoiN.    Here  lie 

'ail  ciimiiany   five 

i>.     Ill-  vviis  with 

Ncw'lKHn.  ulin  in  n  tailor,  until  be. 

'  ;..|ipr.  !»«•.  at  1U<7  Twclflh 

■.uiy  with  M<'K.srs. 

-    :   !  1  a  wliolcsili'  Rii)- 

•■lit  at  0.  II   and  !.'<  WaKhinirton 
■  \  i-afs  .Mfssrs. 

:lll    of   XfWcll 

iukI  llaiiiMiii  wan  tii<-n  fomu-d.  which  roiitinucd 

wlii-n   Mr.    Ilarrlhon    n'tin-d.     Sinct' 

M»     Vi-will  hitk  Im-cii  alone,  doinn  a 

■  ■Ml. 

II   liHtivc  of  NolAvay.   wiii»  Ixim 

t>u.\»f   Hill.    IK4.V     lie   li-anuxl   the  tnitU-  of 
I  <  d  at   it 

I  ii-a,  and 

'  d  In  Mlnnrn|Mi|lK.     I|<>  cii- 

i  '  ■      •      •       V  yi-nii«.  wlicii 

Uv  (Wild,  and 

uiiUI    I  KM),  when   he 

•    -^lit    loriillon.    laiK 

I  i'tiiix'i'tv   lio  own». 

tiiarti<-d 

..v.     Kiiiir 

..«♦  tavti  t*im  t<i  Uw-m.  KinniH  S..  Clam 

\V. 

:i1  llrntiiltti-   Vermont, 
\  "'niiont. 

■   of    |li|M> 

lirldK<- 


Packard,  who  wiis  the  orifrinator  of  the  reed  or- 
pui.  from  whicli  all  reed  oi-gans  from  that  day  to 
this  have  sprnnR.  After  remaining  six  months, 
he  ivtnrned  to  his  native  state  and  coninienced 
Uie  manufacture  of  melodeons  and  orgaii.s.  The 
next  year  he  removed  to  Braintree,  Massachu- 
sc-tts.  continuing  in  the  same  business;  he  remained 
there  until  1.S4H,  when  poor  health  compelled  him 
tochanpe.  lie  traveled  through  Vermont  until 
1  s.Vi.  w  hen  he  came  west  and  located  at  I'rescott, 
Wiwoiisin.  InlsOi.  he  enlisted  in  the  Second 
Wisconsin  Cavalry,  but  was  discharged  after  serv- 
ing seven  months,  on  account  of  failing  health. 
In  1H69,  he  began  the  manufacture  of  cabinet  or- 
gans, and  has  since  continued.  He  oiiened  his 
sitlesroom  in  Minneapolis. .July,  lUTit.and  removed 
his  works  here  in  the  fall  of  1880.  His  factory 
is  located  on  Second  Avenue  south-east,  comer  of 
I'rince  street. 

J.  Newton  Nind,  city  editor  of  the  '•Tribune," 
\v;us  born  in  St.  Charles,  Illinois,  in  March,  1854, 
and  is  of  Knglish  descent,  his  parents,  James  G. 
and  Mary  C.  Xiud.  having  removed  to  this  coun- 
try fn)m  Kngland  in  184!).  His  home  continued 
at  his  birth-place  until  1866,  when  he  removed 
with  his  parents  toAVinona.  Miiniesota.  where  he 
soon  after  imbibed  a  love  for  jnurnalisni  while  en- 
g;iged  as  carrier  on  the  "Hep\iblican"  of  that 
city.  While  so  engaged,  lie,  with  four  other 
iKiys,  each  with  a  cash  capital  of  seven  dollars, 
launched,  on  the  13tli  of  February,  18(i!),  the  lirst 
copy  of  the  '•North  Star."  a  three-column  semi- 
monthly. At  the  end  ol'  the  lirst  six  months 
.Mr.  MikI  liecame  the  manager  of  the  jia- 
iwr,  ami  enlarged  it  to  live  coluniiis.  in  which 
form  he  conducted  il  until  .\ugiist  ITtli, 
I8(().  During  the  ensuing  year  he  inii'roved  him- 
self in  the  art  of  printing.  In  December,  1871, 
ut  lied  Wing,  he  renewed  the  "North  SUir"  as  a 
weekly  iniblication.  which  he  edited,  luintcd  and 
published  as  a  means  of  prosecuting  studies  at 
the  lied  Wing  Institute.  In  December,  1872,  he 
relin(|uished  its  management  to  accept  a  position 
HH  reporter  on  the  St.  Paul  "Pioneer, "  and  has 
Mlnre  served  at  dilTeient  times  as  reporter  on  the 
ffdlowing  papei-s:  the  St.  Paul  "Pioneer,"  Miiine- 
«I>oIIk  "TimeH,"  St.  Paul  "Press,"  Minneapolis 
"Mail,"  the  "Pioneer  Press."  and  has  filled  the 
I«ntllion  of  city  editor  of  the  .Minneapolis  "Trib- 
uue"  b1iic4;  Scplcmber,  1877.     lie  was  married  in 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


605 


December,  1879,  to  Agnes  C.  Williams  of  Red 
Wing. 

William  C.  Xoble  was  born  at  Johnsburgh, 
N'ew  York,  December  9th,  1840.  He  worked  on 
a  farm  until  the  fall  of  1862,  then  went  into  the 
store  of  B.  Thomas,  as  salesman,  and  two  years 
later  became  a  member  of  the  firm.  In  1865  he 
sold  his  interest  and  came  to  St.  Anthony  the 
spring  of  the  next  year.  A  few  months  after  his 
aiTival  he  was  employed  by  O.  T.  Swett  in  a  gen- 
eral merchandise  store  as  book-keeper :  here  he 
remained  until  1S76,  when  in  company  with  J. 
II.  JSIcIIerron,  purchased  the  grocery  department 
of  Mr.  Swett 's  store.  At  the  death  of  Mr.  McIIer- 
ron,  in  1878,  Mr.  S.  Armstrong  bought  his  interest 
and  the  firm  is  now  known  as  Xoble  and  Arm- 
strong, 22  University  Avenue  south-east. 

J.  P.  Xoel,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born  in 
in  184o.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1870, 
locating  at  Minneapolis.  For  three  years  be 
drove  a  beer  wagon  since  which  time  he  has  kept 
saloon  at  701  Washington  Avenue  south.  He 
married  Augusta  Engle  in  November,  1873. 
They  have  one  child,  George  A.  W. 

August  J.  Noerenberg,  a  native  of  Prussia,  was 
born  in  18o3.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1860,  locating  at  St.  Paul,  gi\ing  his  attention  to 
hotel  keeping.  In  1875  he  came  to  this  city  and 
started  a  brewery,  in  which  he  continued  until 
1879,  when  he  opened  a  saloon  at  1728  Seventh 
Street  south.  He  married  Dora  INI.  I51ohn,  March 
3d,  1879.    They  have  one  child,  August  C. 

F.  D.  Noerenberg,  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  born 
in  1 845.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  came  to  America 
and  located  at  St.  Paul.  He  kept  hotel  in  that 
city  until  1870.  He  became  a  resident  of  Min- 
neapolis in  1875,  and  in  1880  took  possession  of  the 
city  brewery  and  is  now  engaged  in  tlie  manufac- 
ture of  beer.  He  was  married  in  1868  to  Miss 
Caroline  Tiichmond.  who  died  in  1875.  After  re- 
maining a  widower  three  years  he  married  Johan- 
na Sprunkmann,  who  has  borne  him  three  child- 
ren. 

James  Xolan,  was  bom  at  Quebec,  Canada, 
July  10th,  1847.  At  ten  years  of  age  he  accom- 
panied his  parents  to  St.  Paul,  where  he  lived  un- 
til 1861.  He  then  enlisted  in  the  Fifth  Minneso- 
ta Volunteer  Infantry  and  served  four  years. 
The  following  are  some  of  the  engagements  in 
which  he  participated:  Siege  of  Corijith,  Vicks- 


burg.  Richmond,  and  battle  of  Xashville;  also 
many  skirmishes.  From  1871-72  he  was  on  the 
police  force  at  St.  Paul ;  he  was  also  detective  on 
the  St.  Paul  and  Duluth  railroad  one  year.  He 
was  appointed  on  the  police  force  in  this  city  in 
1878,  where  he  has  since  remained.  He  was  mar- 
ried m  1873,  to  Annie  E.  Dickson.  They  have 
three  children:  William.  Mary  and  Edward  J. 

L.  C.  Noracon  was  bom  at  JMenasha,  Wiseon 
sin,  Kovember  7th,  1854.  He  located  in  Minne- 
apolis m  1875,  and  worked  in  the  '-A"  mill 
eighteen  months,  then  in  the  old  Humboldt,  nine 
months.  On  the  completion  of  the  new  Humboldt 
he  was  employed  until  1880,  and  has  since  been 
machine  man  in  the  Cataract  mill.  He  married 
Miss  Ada  Cook,  April  22d,  1880. 

John  Norman,  bom  November  27th,  1846.  is  a 
native  of  Sweden.  He  was  a  farmer  and  grain 
buyer,  previous  to  his  coming  to  America  in  1868. 
He  came  direct  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  was 
employed  as  laborer  in  a  brick  yard.  In  1S72  he 
returned  to  his  native  conntry,  and  in  April  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Carrie  Swansen,  and  with  his  bride  re- 
turned to  this  city.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  on 
the  police  force,  which  position  he  has  since  held. 
Two  children  have  been  born  to  them:  Alice  A. 
and  Frank  T. 

AV.  II.  Xorris  was  born  at  Hallowell,  Maine, 
July  24th,  1832.  He  prepared  for  college  at 
Dwiglifs  High  School.  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
went  through  a  full  collegiate  course  at  Yale 
College,  and  graduated  in  1854.  He  attended 
Dane  Law  School  at  Harvard  College.  In  1856 
he  removed  to  Green  Bay,  Wisconsin,  and  com- 
pleted his  law  studies  at  the  office  of  James  II. 
Howe,  afterward  attorney  general  of  Wisconsin, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  October,  1857,  and 
continued  with  J.  II.  Howe  until  1862.  He  then 
practiced  alone  until  1870,  and  for  eight  years 
had  a  young  partner.  In  1879  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  E.  II.  Ellis,  who  was  judge  of  the 
Tenth  circuit  of  Wisconsin,  which  continued  un- 
til 1880.  when  he  removed  to  Minneapolis  and 
located  his  office  at  239  Nicollet  Avenue.  His 
favorite  line  of  practice  has  been  commercial,  in- 
surance and  railroad  law.  His  marriage  with 
Miss  Hannah  B.  Ilarriman  occiured  at  Green 
Bay,  in  1859.  They  have  three  children:  Louise, 
Georgia  and  Ilarriman.  Mr.  Xorris'  library  is 
large  and  complete,  probably  the  finest  in  the  city. 


msTonr  of  iiExyErix  couyTV. 


W    -  iirm  of  K.  n.  Preston  and 

.    ..  (  Dublin.  In-Uiid.  Ixmi  in 

~    were    EfiRlidi.  with 

-at 

Ho 

(]m^,  n-nuiinind  nnlil  Janii- 

■■   ■■  rjt\  as  a  mi-mlxT 

.'III   (Vmipany.  ami 

.  r  ami  nildx-r 

,!-       I,..,;il.cl 

:  iii.ic\\i>riliy 

was  lN>ni  in 

<«anipi.    Xpw    York.    Jannar>    »«1.    IKl". 

■■    r  til!  tlip  sprinR  of 

Ml  <-()iinty.  Illinois. 

.     hr   lf(t  for  the   nortliern 

..  if  twenty  oxtn  for  the  Falls 

.  aiM]  twcaity  for  Allen's  ciimp. 

■  uf  CliipiK'wa 

•    sent   U>  liclp 

to  Allen'*  nunp,  wliirli  was  reached 

'*  '"r.    Then' was  lint  one 

I'liii'ii  and  the  Fulls,  a 

\i\  one  lU'id.at  'I'n-iniM-alean 

,  ...   iJiiK  |Miiiit.  they  found   Heid 

'  on  N  tri|i  l4i  (•Hli-na,  for  supplies,  and 

•i|y   out   «if   provisions. 

iW,  iMlen  with  supplies 

iinp.   WPM*  on  the  way  up,  and 

Mil'  next  ilay,  they 

.il    Ill-ids;  hut  the 

with  all  jMissihle  dis- 

i~  M.„  ,i.,jj'it  In.  and  their  Kene- 

II  a  foul   <In\'h   fast    in  the   then 

:••>.     Finally, 

„'  I  ami  fatit(ue, 

c«n>p.  dlMiut  mldnii(lit,  hut 

<  iiteil   hy   the 

\r  tlieni  nion- 

tiK.     Mr  Xor- 

alKiiit    thn-e 

to  hflp  him 

'  UK  then 

,  ,    .va  Indi- 

NthhiK  hut  airreo- 


•ft.    Tilt*  WM  tlie  Optt 
i<i(lit  In  Uic  norUiem  wilds, 


and  their  owners  the  fii-sl  lunihermcn  in  that 
n-jjion.  Hftiiniing  in  the  spiiiig  of  ISIO  to  Illi- 
nois, he  made  preparations  to  go  north,  and  the 
next  year,  1K41,  t<x)k  boat  at  St.  Louis  and 
readied  the  Falls  of  the  St.  Croix  in  May.  three 
weeks  from  the  time  of  leaving  St.  Louis.  There 
were  no  .selllemenls  above  Prairie  du  Cliien. 
When  more  fuel  was  needed  for  the  boat,  she 
was  tied  up,  while  the  deck  hands  went  .ashore 
cut  and  -'toted'"  enough  wood  for  another  "run.'' 
The  boat  w.-us  the  "Indian  Queen,"  built  to  run 
on  the  Missouri,  and  never  made  a  second  trip  to 
this  region.  In  May.  1.S44.  he  moved  to  what  is 
now  .Stillwater,  and  built  a  hotel,  the  first  house 
in  the  place.  He  also  bought  160  acres  of  land 
which  now  embraces  about  one-half  the  site  of 
that  vigorous  young  city. 

In  Ihtit,  he  sold  his  interest  there  ami  liuilt  the 
American  House  at  St.  Paul,  the  first  all  frame 
hiiililing  in  the  place.  The  rough  lumber  for  this 
biiililiiig  was  brought  from  the  mills  at  St.  Croix 
Falls,  and  the  flooring,  siding,  sash,  doors,  etc., 
from  St.  Louis.  The  American  was  formally 
opened  to  the  public  July  4lh,  1S.50,  and  .soon 
thereafter  sold,  after  which  Mr.  Xortlirup  came 
t<i  St.  Anthony  and  commenced  the  erection  of 
the  St.  Charles  Hotel,  a  little  above  the  present 
site  of  Clark's  mills.  This  was  the  second  all 
frame  bulliliiig  here,  the  first  being  a  hastily  con- 
8truct<'d  house  built  and  occupied  by  Mr.  North- 
rup  while  the  St.  Charles  wa.s  in  course  of 
completion.  The  hotel  wa.s  opened  July  4th. 
IK^il,  the  same  day  the  steamer  "  (iov.  Karasey  " 
made  her  first  run  up  the  river,  under  command 
of  Captain  John  Itollins.  After  running  the  St. 
Charles  two  years,  he  rented  it,  ami  engaged  in 
other  pursuits.  In  IH.jS,  he  visited  tlie  Pacific 
const,  returning  after  an  absence  of  four  iiiontlis, 
anil  iNiiighl  the  old  steamer  "  (iovernor  Hanisey," 
which  he  took  up  the  river  as  far  as  (iraml  Hap- 
ids  (taking  it  over  the  falls  at  Sauk  Uapids  by 
means  of  windlasses  and  other  necessary  appli- 
nnc«'s).  then  hack  to  Crow  Wing,  where  he  took 
the  niai-hiiiery  out.  ami  took  the  boat  apart  above 
the  hull.  February  Kith,  1M9,  he  left  St.  Paul 
Willi  forty  ti-ams  and  a  crew  of  men,  proceeded 
to  Cniw  Wing,  loaih-d  the  boat  ami  niachinery, 
Mild  started  for  the  Heil  river,  cutting  roads 
Uiroiigh  the  timlx'red  portion  of  the  route,  and 
reaching  the  river  ulxuit  eight  miles  below  the 


BIOGBAPEICAL. 


607 


present  site  of  Fargo,  April  8th.  Tliey  had  not 
the  protection  of  even  a  tent,  yet  tlie  men  were 
all  in  good  health  and  spirits,  notwitlistanding  it 
was  severe  weather,  and  the  snow  two  feet  deep 
when  they  arrived  at  tlieir  destination.  Early  in 
the  season  he  built  the  boat,  run  it  to  Lake  Win- 
nipeg, then  back  to  Georgetown,  where  it  was 
sold,  and  has  since  done  good  service  on  the  Ked 
Kiver  of  the  Nortli. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  Mr. 
Korthrup  entered  the  army,  receiving  the-appoint- 
ment  of  wagon  master  in  tlie  First  Regiment 
Minnesota  Volunteers.  In  September,  1861,  he 
was  appointed  wagon  masterin  General  Gorman's 
brigade;  in  ^larch,  1862,  to  a  like  position  in  Gen- 
eral Sedgewick's  division,  and  in  June  following 
was  put  in  charge  of  the  trains  of  Sumner's 
corps.  Army  of  the  Potomac,  where  he  remained 
until  the  memorable  Indian  massacre  in  August, 
1862,  when  he  obtained  leave  of  absence,  and  has- 
tened home  to  aid  in  protecting  the  home  bor- 
ders. The  day  following  his  arrival  in  Minneap- 
olis, he  obtained  a  captain's  commission  from 
Governor  Ramsey,  with  instructions  to  raise  a 
company  of  mounted  men,  and  proceed  with  all 
haste  to  the  relief  of  Fort  Ridgely,  which  was 
then  besieged  by  the  murderous  savages.  As  in- 
dicative of  the  "spirit  of  the  times,"  and  the  con- 
fidence reposed  in  Captain  Northrup  by  his  towns- 
men, it  is  only  necessary  to  state  thaton  the  same 
day  he  received  his  commission,  he  raised  a  com- 
pany of  ninety-six  men,  and  at  nine  o'clock  that 
evening  bad  marched  them  to  Sliakopee,  twenty- 
five  miles  from  ilinneapolis,  on  the  way  to  Fort 
Ridgely.  The  entire  march  was  made  in  three 
days,  and  with  a  company  now  augmented  to  140 
men,  he  reached  the  beleagured  fortress  just  at 
daylight,  having  marched  all  night. 

It  is  but  simple  justice  to  state  here  that  Cap- 
tain Xorthrup  was  the  first  to  relieve  the  dis- 
tressed inmates  of  the  fortress.  Others,  with  less 
modesty,  and  as  surely  with  less  honesty,  have 
claimed  the  laurels  due  only  to  tliis  old  patriot, 
who  never  courted  even  a  passing  compliment  for 
his  timely  services. 

Since  the  close  of  the  war,  Capt.  Northrup's 
life  has  been  marked  by  the  same  spirit  of  change 
and  adventure  that  characterized  his  previous 
years.  For  two  years  he  kept  the  First  J^ational 
Hotel,  five  years  was  spent  at  Duluth,  mainly  in 


contracting  and  jobbing  for  the  Xortheni  Pacific 
Railroad  Company,  and  in  1874,  leaving  Duluth, 
he  came  to  St.  Paul,  then  took  a  short  trip  to 
Texas,  from  whence  he  returned  to  St.  Paul,  and 
remained  until  May,  1880,  when  he  removed  to 
Fort  Snelling  and  opened  a  boarding-house.  Mr. 
Xorthrnp  put  up  the  first  brick  liuilding  in  Min- 
neapolis, now  known  as  the  Buslmell  House,  on 
Fourth  street,  near  the  court-house.  It  is  impos- 
sible to  here  enumerate  all  the  noteworthy  inci- 
dents connected  witli  the  career  of  this  veteran 
pioneer,  whose  life  is  remarkable  for  its  restless, 
energetic  cliaracter,  and  ever  varying  hues.  An- 
son Nortlirup  married  Miss  Betsey  Jane  Edwards, 
August  23d,  1838.  at  Waterbury.  N.  Y.,  by  whom 
he  has  had  ten  children,  six  of  whom  are  now 
living. 

\V.  H.  Xudd  was  born  at  'Wakefield,  Xew 
Hampshire,  July  16th,  1831.  He  came  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1857  and  was  in  a  bakery  seven  yeare, 
then  engaged  in  farming  in  St.  Anthony.  In  1870 
he  entered  the  firm  of  which  he  is  now  the  head. 
The  firm  name  is  Nudd  and  Knight,  and  they 
manufacture  wood  eave  troughs,  etc.,  on  ^lain 
street,  south-east.  He  married  Miss  Laura 
Shepherd  of  Bangor,  Maine,  in  1859.  Their 
children  are:  Lottie  S.,  Henry  A.,  Benjamin  F., 
and  Edwin  F. 

W.  Nyberg,  of  the  firm  of  Lockwood,  Upton 
and  Company,  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  born  May 
2d,  1852.  He  came  to  America  with  his  parents 
in  1858,  and  received  his  education  in  tlie  scliools 
of  this  city.  In  1869  he  apprenticed  in  the  St. 
Anthony  Iron  Works  and  after  finishing  his  trade 
remained  until  its  destruction  by  fire  in  April, 
1879.  In  June,  following,  he  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  Upton  in  the  LTnion  Iron  Works, 
afterwards  taking  Sir.  Lockwood,  whicli  formed 
the  present  firm.    Mr.  Nyberg  is  unmarried. 

Dennis  O'Brien  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  bom  De- 
cember loth,  1844.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1866,  locating  in  this  city,  engaged  in  lumber- 
ing for  W.  D.  Washburn.  He  remained  in  that 
business  five  years,  then  went  on  the  Xorthern 
Pacific  railroad,  building  bridges ;  he  continued 
in  that  business  two  years,  returning  to  this  city 
in  1873  and  working  at  lumbering  for  Robinson 
and  Company  until  1875,  and  since  that  time  has 
been  in  tlie  flouring  mills.  He  is  now  in  the  feed 
department  of  the  Cataract  mill. 


HJSntRT  OF  HEXNEPIN  COVNIY. 


Untitav  ''  I  w  Umi  in  Stavcn- 

-  ■     ■-  ■•     ■■  '    ■     >  ,    :,t- 

.1. 
.ill  li  in- 

..  .,.! il.  wlicre 

V  until  IiIn  rail  to 


.  •!»  «{*n<lln|{  onmc  timi-  in  tlip  study 

•  In  l><TT  ho  nTcivml  n 

,  in  Miiiii'-ni«>1is  and  :it 

'  lini;  liiK 

.mil  (II- 

Niiiwav.  ill 

iialivc  town 

■  itii  of  an*",  wlirn  lio  cn- 

■       ■       .1.   wlieiv    lip 

111  ■■  antl  "ox- 

an<l  K|M-ni  (lif  next  six  or 

iig    in     Kncland.     France. 

Initio)  Slati-K.     In  ISTI  lie 

ity.and 

IKV  lu'Ul 

M  ill  Uio  fnculty  of  Augsburg 

<  K«1tf  «a»  lK»m  (ti  Xor«a\  .      llo  raiiic 

Mliiiii-a|M>UK.    lie 

.1  .<(  William  (iiiHlin; 

ml  wan  fin|>li>y<'il   in  a 

liiiiiM'  iiii*il  |K7)I. 

.1.  Hiiil  CKlaliliMlit'd 

air  Ih-nlins  Ol"*   I'lirc  Clnlliing 

III.     II.' 

"I   to  Ilix 

(Hl-W  'i  I'MIW  <)|H'ni  ilollNf. 

'  '  •  r'  iif  Siiiway.  Imiih  .\ii- 

iif  to    Ilakola  miinty. 

I  If  niiiiiiK-ii'f-il   U-itniinu 

;         ,  »'ii.   W    II.  Ja«x>liy.  of  tlim 

ipiit  In  IhTl.ntJUt? 


fit* 

v. 


•ly  nth, 
■  '■11  u  .1"  ••iihlnvf*  II., 

('«>ii|{ii 

ii|  on  n 

:  .irciiliito 

■•.i.-ufi.  .\«H    ^Liik.     lu   1M<;    Itt'   k-uiovinI  to 


riiami'iiicii-  Illinois;  tlicnce  in  1870  to  Indiana- 
l>olis.  Indiana,  and  lemainwl  tliere  until  coming 
to  .MinnoaiKilis.  in  isso.  He  was  railroading  six- 
itH-n  years  prior  to  liis  looatinR  in  this  city,  thir- 
twii  years  of  the  time  lieiiig  a  conductor.  lie 
wa.s  married  in  1809.  to  Miss  S.  K.  Lower,  of 
New  York.    They  have  one  daughter. 

Simon  t)h-sen  was  lioni  in  Norway,  in  1837.  lie 
came  to  the  fnited  Slates  in  ISCiii.  and  located  at 
I<a  Cnisse.  Wisconsin,  where  he  was  in  the  hini- 
Ikt  hiisiness  four  years.  In  1873  he  became  a 
n-sident  of  .MiiineaiKilis.  and  has  l)cen  at  work  in 
the  rnion  I'laning  mill  since.  He  married  Carrie 
.lohnson  in  1876.  Their  children  are  :  Carrie  S. 
anil  Mary  I. 

Otto  T.Olson  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  1852. 
He  came  to  Iowa  in  1872.  thence  to  St.  Paul  in 
I,s7."i.  He  was  in  tlie  hardware  business  in  each 
place.  He  located  in  Miinieapolis  in  1880.  open- 
ing a  siimple  room  at  1220  Washington  Avenue 
north,  where  lie  still  remains. 

C.  D.  O'Neil  was  born  September  2oth.  1849, 
at  I'lymoutli.  Wisconsin.  He  attended  school  in 
his  native  town  until  twelve  years  of  age,  when 
he  went  to  New  York  city  to  live  witli  :iii  uncle 
anil  attend  school,  also  to  learn  the  trade  ol  sifjn- 
|iaiiitiiig  and  graining.  He  linished  learning  his 
trade  in  18i!7.  and  worked  at  it  in  New  York  and 
UriKiklyn  until  18fi9.  Was  in  Rochester  one  year, 
thence  to  Chic<ngo,  where  he  remained  until  May, 
1S7fi.  He  then  located  in  Minneapolis,  and  wa.s 
employed  by  Adams  and  Skinner,  painters,  and 
remained  with  them  until  commencing  business 
alone,  on  the  corner  of  Nicollet  Avenue  and 
Third  street.  He  makes  line  graininga  specially, 
lie  WHS  married  in  1S7.S,  to  Miss  Guera  F.  \'aM 
Ihisen  of  Michigan.  Their  children  areClaiciue 
and  Nina. 

(Jeorne  W.  OrfT  w;is  born  at  liangor.  Maine, 
in  |N.Hfl.  He  remainedat  llangoruiitil  18()l,wlien 
he  went  to  lloslon  and  learned  the  profess- 
ion of  aiiliilecl.  He  rnnained  at  lioslon  ten 
yearn.  Iheii  retiinieil  to  his  native  town  where  he 
remaiiiol  until  IH78,  being  constantly  engaged  in 
IiIn  profession.  Hec.-ime  to  this  city,  anil  in  the 
dpriligof  |S7!i  establislied  his  ollice  at  2.')(l  First 
Avenue  south. 

Alexander  T.  Orinond.  I'll.  I).,  professor  of 
mental  and  moral  philosophy  and  history  at  the 
I'lilvumlty,  the  subject  of  this  bketch,  was  born 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


609 


in  Punxsutawney,  Jefferson  county,  Pennsylva- 
nia, in  1847.  "When  five  years  of  age,  moved 
with  bis  parents  to  Armstrong  county,  near  the 
Allegheny  river.  Was  reared  on  a  farm  and  en- 
gaged in  agricultm-al  pursuits,  with  occasional  in- 
terruptions, until  he  was  twenty-four.  Received 
the  ordinary  public  school  education,  which  was 
supplemented-  by  a  term  or  two  at  an  academy. 
Began  teaching  in  the  public  schools  when  seven- 
teen years  old;  teaching  winters  and  working  on 
the  farm  summers.  In  1S70,  went  to  Oxford, 
Ohio,  and  spent  sub-freshman  year  in  Miami 
University.  Eetumed  home  at  the  close  of  the 
year  and  resumed  teaching  and  farming.  In 
1872-3  was  principal  in  a  soldiers'  on^han  school 
at  Dayton,  Pennsylvania.  In  the  autumn  of 
1873,  went  to  Princeton  and  entered  the  freshman 
class.  Experienced  the  usual  ups  and  downs  of 
college  life,  and  graduated  in  1877,  in  a  class  of 
one  hundred  and  ten.  Won  by  competition  the 
Mental  Science  Fellowship,  which  decided  the 
special  direction  of  his  future  course.  Remained 
at  Princeton  doing  post-graduate  work  until  last 
June,  when  he  went  through  the  necessary  pre- 
liminaries and  received  the  degree  of  Ph.  D 
Came  to  the  State  University  of  Minnesota  in 
September,  1880,  where  he  occupies  the  chair  of 
philosophy  and  history. 

John  Orth  was  born  in  1821,  in  France.  He 
remained  there  until  1847,  when  he  emigrated  to 
America,  locating  at  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  and 
lived  at,  or  near  there  until  he  came  to  Minneapolis 
in  1850.  lie  started  the  first  brewery  and  sold 
the  first  beer  in  this  county.  lie  first  made  three 
barrels  which  lasted  the  town  of  St.  Antliony  one 
week.  Ilis  old  brewery  occupied  the  same  ground 
on  which  is  now  his  large  establisliment  which 
makes  four  hundred  and  eighty  barrels  of  beer 
each  week.  He  was  married  in  1849  to  Miss 
Mary  C.  Weinel.  They  have  had  five  children, 
John  W.  born  at  St.  Anthony  in  18-50,  is  the 
oldest  living  child  born  in  this  city. 

Edward  Orth  is  a  native  of  this  city,  born  Oc- 
tober 4th,  1856.  lie  received  his  early  education 
in  this  city  and  finished  at  Minneapolis  Business 
College.  In  1873,  he  was  apprenticed  to  F. 
Wliale  and  Company,  liquor  distillers.  In  the 
fall  of  the  next  year,  he  went  to  La  Crosse  where 
he  was  engaged  in  lumbering.  In  1876,  he  re- 
turned and  began  work  in  liis  father's  brewery 
39 


where  he  has  been  since.  He  married  Miss  Kate 
Loftus,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  May  4th,  1877J 
They  have  two  children,  Maud  and  Edward. 

P.  Osander  was  bom  in  Sweden,  September 
7th,  1843.  He  emigrated  to  New  York  in  July, 
1869,  and  came  direct  to  Webster  comity,  Iowa, 
thence  to  Minneapolis,  in  1870.  After  visiting 
several  points  in  the  state,  and  working  on  the 
Mississippi  river,  the  next  year  he  located  per- 
manently in  this  city,  engaging  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  pumps.  He  entered  into  partnership 
with  Gus  Lundell  in  1876,  which  has  since  con- 
tinued. Mr.  Osander  was  married  in  Iowa,  Sep- 
tember 24th,  1869,  to  Carrie  Oleson,  of  Sweden. 
Their  children  are:  Peter  W.,  Eda  K.,  Fred  A., 
and  Will  V. 

J.  C.  Oswald,  a  native  of  Switzerland,  was 
born  May  20th.  1824.  He  came  to  Xew  York  in 
1847,  and  remained  two  months,  then  went  to 
Cabell  county,  Virginia.  lie  was  one  of  the 
first  settlers  in  Dutchtown  in  that  county.  He 
opened  a  general  merchandise  store,  and  was  also 
agent  for  New  York  parties,  for  the  sale  of  landj 
The  spring  of  1857,  he  sold  and  removed  to  Min- 
neapolis. In  1862  he  bought  a  farm  of  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  acres,  west  of  the  city  limits,  on 
which  he  lived  and  devoted  his  time  to  raising 
small  fruits,  from  which  he  made  wine,  mostly 
sold  for  medicinal  purposes  in  home  market.  In 
1866,  he  engaged  in  wholesale  wines  and  liquors 
in  this  city,  in  which  he  still  continues.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Lisette  Scheitlin,  in  1847.  Their 
children  living  are:  Matilda,  Lisette  S.,  Bertha 
M..  and  Emma  W. 

J.  W.  Overacker  was  bom  in  Onondaga,  county 
New  York,  in  1829.  He  resided  in  New  York, 
California,  Illinois  and  Missouri,  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  July,  1874,  and  has  since  been  a 
resident  of  this  city.  He  is  at  present,  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  Co-operative  Barrel  Com- 
pany.   He  resides  at  721  Seventli  street  south. 

E.  W.  Overlock.  a  life  long  resident  of  Henne- 
pin county,  was  born  at  Brooklyn  Centre,  Au- 
gust 7th,  1859.  He  acquired  a  knowledge  of 
drugs,  with  W.  C.  Colbrath,  of  this  city.  In 
April.  1880,  the  firm  of  Overlock  Brothers  was 
organized. 

James  II.  Overlock  was  born  at  Brooklyn  Cen- 
tre, Hennepin  county.  He  has  ever  since  been  a 
resident  of  this  county.    He  studied  drugs  with 


«]0 


nisionr  of  nsxxEPiK  covyjr. 


k«l  for  W.  O.  rolbnith  and 

line 
.11,- 
t-n  at  K*::  iVntral  Armii«. 

■   V        ■  .\\,  was 

.  Iiis  piir- 

■'•<l  his  c'diica- 

-  -  ,     .    .      ^1'  rwiiov(<<l  to 

'il  law  at  tlic  rnivrnity  in  Iowa 

:•    iti   .liiiip.  Ill-  raiiK'  to 

.-I  Willi  \V.  It.  Mjors  as 

|uii  tirr  mhI  iMistnrm  maiiHi:<>r  of  tlip  Hiir^ral  in- 

'.    iiiMitiitiiiii  of  ppiioral 

Iii(»(Io1ht.  IS7!I.  Mr. 

I  »»•  i<"  KvanK.  of  Mr(trp(ri»r.  Iowa. 

'  "..-  Ixini  at    Ia'  Hoy.  (Jeniwoe 

■  »   York.     Up  ranic  to  Miiincaixilis  in 

lie-,  ami  lixs  hinrc 

:   « 1.  Kami's"  barrel 

lie  rpniilmi  at    Til    Fonrt(H-nlli  street 

.■■I  Vaitnrr  Ik  a  native  of  Oliiu.  iK^ni  at 

m  \M'l.     Ilio  fatlM't  ilic*)!  wlien  lie  was 

'  •■—■    fi'l  in  iwm  lie  niovcil  with  liis 

;li.   ImliniiH.  rcniaiiiiiii;  live 

lliiiilsvillc,   AialNiina: 

ina.  In  IN';^,  anti  e.sLab- 

•akrrj-.    Ttirrc  ><»ni  later  lie  came  to 

[■■(•(I  Ihi'  Home 

i     Mr.  II.  W. 

Inv*      Hraiwiuwuii  Hie  Vienna  luid   Nicollet 

' 1.  ^  . .        H.-  wan  niarriiwl  to  Miw  Nellie 

III)  ha*  iNiriie  lilni  one  rhilil: 

«.     W     I'aitiiPtil'-i    wan   iKini   at    I  lira.   New 
Y<«1i.  ia  HHa.    lie  winil  to  Maniuette  roiinty, 

■iikI  two  yearn 

■  ■  li'aniiMl  cjir- 

lle  (nivflifi   DmiiiKti    tlie  northern 

"  ■  '    '    '   •^"'     'tllina  at  that  time 

III-  n-MJilitl  |||(>n> 

».     The 

iom   atiil 

laof  <i.  W..  V.  K.  and  II.  M.  I'ar- 

'   any  part 

Ih1«|.(|1 

'  ■    '■  unci. la 

:   iH-Jnu  n 
l'e*tudir«l   with   lilUi   When  a 


small  bny.  and  was  raised  in  the  profession.  In 
1S47  he  went  to  .MadiscHi.  Wisconsin,  remaining 
nve  years  iiii>ractiee  for  tlie  Great  Western  .Stage 
Company,  thenee  to  Waiip;>ca  connty,  Wisconsin, 
in  isVi.  remaining  four  years;  he  resided  in 
Houston  county.  Minnesota,  four  years,  then  re- 
moved toOswpgo  county.  New  Yorlv.and  enlisted 
in  the  .Second  New  York  Cavalry,  iu  wliicli  lie 
scr\'ed  two  years,  then  re-enlisted  in  the  Tliir- 
twnth  New  York  Cavalry  and  served  until  his 
discharge  in  lHt).5.  He  then  resided  in  various 
I»lace,s  in  this  state  until  1875,  when  he  located  in 
Minneapolis.  During  the  entire  time  he  prac- 
ticed his  iirofession  as  veterinary  surgeon.  lie 
was  married  in  1K77,  to  Mary  Izenhurger. 

David  C.  Parker  was  born  at  Medford,  Massa- 
chusetts, ill  is.ji.  He  was  educated  in  tlie  pub- 
lic sdiiHils  and  remained  willi  liis  parents  until 
eighteen  years  of  age.  After  finishing  liis  educa- 
tion he  was  engaged  in  the  wholesale  and  retail 
drug  business  for  seven  or  eight  years  at  Boston, 
III  .May.  I.S7S.  he  ciime  to  Minneapolis  and  has 
since  been  in  the  employ  of  I'phani,  Wyraan  and 
C<m)paiiy  as  head  book-keeper,  and  (ills  the  posi- 
tion Willi  credit.  His  marriage  witli  Florence  J,, 
daughter  of  .lohn  W.  Ka.slman,  occurred  Septem- 
iH-r  Stli,  ISSd.  in  tliiscitv, 

L.  N.   I'arker  was  born  at  Chester.  Vermont, 
December    14th.  1S2H.     At  eiglit  years  of  age  he 
1  accoinpauied    his   jiarents  to  Illinois,  locating  in 
j  Madison  county.     He  lived  on  a  laniuintil  eiglit- 
'  een   years  of  age.  and  In    IMl  reiiioved   to   St. 
Croix,  bciiiga  lumberman  there  until  1S4!),  when 
he  loc.ilcd  at  St.  Anthony.     He  carried  the  first 
mails  bet  ween  St.  I'aiil  and  St.  Anthony,  and  ran 
a  liiH'  of  stages  on  this  route  four  years;  was  al- 
so engaged   in   luinberliig.     In  ls.")l    he  was  the 
pnijirietor  of  a  sale  and   livery   stable,   and   also 
I  pntoliced  as  a  vet4'riiiary   surgeon:  lie   has  con- 
tinued in  the  praclice  since,  at   102   First  street 
north.     He  marrieil  .Vinanda  Hiise  in  1K49,    They 
have  two  daughters  and  four  sons;  two  sons  have 
died. 

F.  K.  I'Hlterson  was  born  Iu  Illinois  In  l.sli). 
His  parents  moved  to  New  York  when  he  was 
two  years  old.  where  he  lived  until  l.St).5,  At  the 
a«e  of  twelve  he  began  in  the  coasting  service  in 
which  he  conliiiued  four  years,  sailing  fnmi  New 
York  to  ililTirent  jiolnl-s  on  the  coasts.  When 
sixtwn  years  of  age  he  had   the  command  of  a 


BIOGBAPHICAL 


611 


schooner  for  a  New  York  firm.  In  1865  he  came 
to  Rochester,  Minnesota,  settling  on  a  farm  on 
which  he  Hved  until  liis  removal  to  tliis  city  in 
1872.  He  is  now  a  contractor  and  builder.  He 
was  married  in  1871  to  Miss  EmmaLeetof  Eoch- 
ester,  Miiniesota. 

John  Patterson  is  a  native  of  Montreal,  Cana- 
ada,  born  in  1832.  He  learned  the  mason"s  trade 
with  his  father,  and  has  made  it  his  life  business. 
In  1854,  went  to  Monroe,  Wisconsin,  and  two 
years  later  made  St.  Anthony  his  home.  He  is 
the  oldest  contractor  now  doing  business  in  this 
city,  and  worked  on  the  Cataract.  Anchor  and 
Zenith  mills.  Patterson  and  Baxter,  in  1868, 
built  the  masonry  for  the  bridge  across  the  east 
side  channel.  The  firm  of  Stevens,  Patterson 
and  Company  was  made  in  1873,  and  existed  un- 
til the  present  firm  of  Patterson  and  Aronson  was 
formed.  He  was  married  to  Sarah  A.  Burton  in 
1865,  who  has  borne  him  five  sons. 

Levi  N.  Patterson,  of  the  firm  of  Patterson  and 
Chilstrom,  druggists,  was  born  in  Oneida  county, 
New  York,  in  1848.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in 
1854,  and  located  at  Mankato,  wlieie  he  passed 
his  youth,  and  learned  the  drug  business  in  St. 
Peter  with  Henry  Jones.  In  1872,  located  in 
this  city  and  worked  in  a  drug  store  until  1874, 
when  he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Young, 
Patterson  and  Company,  but  sold  his  interest  five 
years  later.  In  October,  1880,  the  present  firm 
was  formed  and  has  since  continued.  He  was 
married  in  1875  to  Eva  M.  Tibbetts,  of  Mankato. 
They  have  one  child  :  lluss.  Mr.  Patterson's 
father  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Blue  Earth 
county,  and  was  a  memljer  of  the  legislature  at 
the  time  of  his  death  in  1861. 

J.  H.  Paul  was  born  near  Salem,  Indiana,  in 
March,  1847.  He  cam",  to  this  city  in  1871,  and 
engaged  in  tlie  manufacture  of  church,  school  and 
office  furniture,  in  which  business  he  is  at  pres- 
ent. He  was  married  in  March,  1875,  to  Miss  Ida 
Mertens.  Their  children  are:  Joseph  and  Mar- 
garet.   Residence,  871  Sixteenth  Avenue  south. 

Leonard  I'aulle  was  born  at  Buffalo,  New  York, 
in  1854.  There  he  received  his  education  and 
learned  his  trade  as  show-case  maker  and  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  them.  He  remained 
at  Buffalo  until  1876,  when  he  came  to  Minnapo- 
lis  and  pursued  his  trade.    He  is  located  at  123 


Washington  Avenue  south,  where  he  is  doing  a 
large  and  thriving  business. 

James  Pauly  is  a  native  of  France,  born  in 
1826.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1849, 
making  Woodbury,  Connecticut,  his  home  seven 
years.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Reed's  Landing, 
Minnesota,  where  he  engaged  in  hotel  keeping 
twenty-three  years,  five  of  which  was  passed  in 
the  Bullard  House,  and  ten  in  the  American 
House.  He  bought  and  took  possession  of  the 
Pauly  House  of  this  city  in  June,  1879.  He  was 
married  in  1857,  to  Miss  Margaret  Simon.  They 
have  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 

F.  M.  Pieronnet  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  in 
1858.  He  accompanied  his  parents  to  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  His  father  being 
a  physician,  he  studied  with  him  until  June  1878. 
Having  no  taste  for  his  father's  profession  he 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  that  year  and  was  em- 
ployed in  the  Crown  Roller  mill  one  year  and 
has  since  then  been  engaged  as  book-keeper.  At 
present  he  has  charge  of  the  books  and  financial 
department  for  L.  Paulle,  show  case  manufac- 
turer. 

John  W.  Pence  was  born  in  Warren  county, 
Ohio,  February  11th,  1830.  He  lived  with  his 
father  on  the  farm  until  eighteen  years  of  age, 
then  engaged  with  a  partner,  dealing  in  grain, 
general  merchandise,  etc.,  for  eight  years  with 
marked  success.  In  1856,  he  went  to  Columbus, 
when  he  was  again  a  dealer  in  giain,  stock,  etc., 
until  1865,  when  failing  health  induced  him  to 
change.  He  came  to  Minnesota,  and  from  Fari- 
bault to  St.  Paul,  by  stage,  thence  to  this 
city.  In  1866,  he  bought  the  lots  where  now 
stand  the  City  Bank,  and  Opera  Ilouse.which  bears 
his  name,  being  at  that  time  among  the  first 
three-story  buildings  iii  the  city.  Mr.  Pence  has 
been  i)resident  of  the  City  Bank,  and  has  heavy 
mining  interests  near  Leadville,  Colorado,  and 
owns  with  S.  P.  Snyder,  forty  thousand  acres  of 
rich  rolling  prairie  south  of  Jamestown.  Dakota 
territory.  He  was  married  at  Minneapolis  in 
1871  to  Miss  Laura  Enell,  of  Maine,  who  died 
Jaiuuiry  6th,  1878. 

I.  L.  Penny,  a  resident  of  Minneapolis,  was 
born  in  Maine,  in  1834.  He  located  here  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1855;  he  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Minne- 
apolis drill  manufactory  at  315  Third  Avenue 
south.    He  was  married  in  1857  to  Miss  Rhoda 


ns 

\ 

■I 


inSlOJtY  OF  HEXXEI'lN  COrKTY. 


-   auae  here   In  1M». 
.IT.  Ilrrbrit  K..  KaiinU-  K.,  Geor- 


«M  lioni  Hi  WwtmiiiRler. 

M««>«rliii«r»».  JllW  will.  !»■•■'-       H'*   tljovcil  wUll 

)  .....  \i  ,        Miiitii-Milu.in  1^.>J. 

;  (■^■xt  >  ••ars  of  aijp. 
1  i-t  to  ntlcml 

1-  inarliinisfs 

itxJ  »rt^^(J  liU  «p|irr-t)lic»NJiip«t  Fitclilmnr, 

'  ■   '      •  '        ^!ac•llinp<"<)m• 

,11  IS7«.     He 

I     U*    M <>r>«   «f    W alliiT    J»n>tli<  r»  and 

■  • r    yrar  o|i«'tt«>«l  n  hlmp  of  hii>  own 

c<<  Itiit  M'VdilmMi  dollars.    Ow- 
i.  ,  , ,  niiK-p  lie  is 

,,.  :    „■  •  hiiicnt. 

Ilntnaii  J.  rrtrm  wa*  \*>m  at  Dnyton.  Ohio. 
i.  lie  niovi-d  to  K;iii^>aH  City, 
\  'I  til)-  li:Hd<>  of  inilli-r  while 
'.  >  iNinoiid  niill.  Ilcworkwl  lIuTP  t<'n 
•  (11  IlcHitdoii.Tcxnh.fortwo  yoant. 
•  v  111  June.  It-Tlt.  Up  waH  llrht  ill 
;  tlirti  ill  Die  Cata- 

j„.  ,  ( f  ri  niiitiii-d. 

,\ii«lrr»  l'rUT»«n.  of  tlip  flrm  of  I't-tcrNon  and 

I '  -         '■  II.   iKini    OrtolHT. 

i  Hi  MalPii  ill  IMiii. 

ftr«l    loraliliK  *(    IlaMihKK.   MililicMita.     Ill  1^17 
I  .  •■     ■     :i.  wlii-n-  111-  woik«Ml  at  the 

I  111   JKTI.     lie  tlicii  raiiH-  to 

!  '   iiil<ir  plow  workn. 

li.   ■,,.... , -.   iijf  III  ojhicni  and 

ftah.     IIp  «■•  manli-d  In  |k72.  to  Snnili  Aiidcr- 

llii  y  liavp  four  rhild- 

■   W ..  Niiil  lialiy. 

A.  U.  IVtMwn.a  rroldnit  of  Mliiiii-MiNiliH,  waa 

■    '  ■  ■  '    ■   '  '    ■"  ■  ■;.     Ill'  canii' 

al  i'liiilli'lil. 

t,    ami    fvinaiiK-'l    tlii-rr    iililil    IH'll, 

<•■   iii-^    ■'i^    mid   III    |M7I  ciitpriHl  a 

(  '  <■  ycam  lati'r  liPHtailnl 

I.  II.C. 
I  I  to  Ilia 

<  I  rtifacriil  in  liiiitlonw  for  liluuwlf,  at 

Up  niarri<>i1  Amelia 
J  .    rily.  Ill    l»«7s.     ■Jhi.y 

11   >     .  <   of  Norway,  wan  lioni 

It)  I  MO.     I  'd  lu  UiP  imu-il  hUU-aIn 


LSfiji.  and  first  located  in  St.  Cloud.  :iIiniiesota. 
Tlip  next  year  lie  removed  to  Minneapolis,  wliere 
he  worked  in  the  saw  mills  of  the  city  until  1877. 
Me  then  clerked  in  a  grocery  store  two  years, 
then  (>i>eii<-<i  an  eslalilishnient,  doins  business  for 
himself.  During  the  same  year,  lie  added  a  stock 
of  crockery  ware,  and  in  March,  ls80,  a  full  line 
of  dry  poods  was  ailded.  He  now  occupies  two 
stores  at  I4l'2  and  1424.  Wa.sliington  Avenue 
south.  He  was  married  in  1871.  to  Christine 
15I(  cken  of  Norway.    They  have   four  children: 

I.  C.  IVtersen.  is  a  native  of  Denmark,  born 
December  i:Uli.  l^I^li.  He  learned  the  shoema- 
ker's trade  ill  his  native  country.  In  !K7.'i  he 
came  to  the  I'nited  States,  making  Faribault, 
Minnesota,  his  home  until  1S77.  Tn  that  year  he 
removed  to  jMinneapolis  and  worked  for  C.  A. 
Heffelfinger  two  years,  when  he  ojiened  a  shop 
of  his  own  and  still  continues.  He  married  Miss 
Anna  Larson,  of  Norway,  in  18.59.  They  have 
had  ten  children,  live  of  whom  are  living:  Elma, 
D..  Charles,  Jennie  and  Fannie. 

.Martin  I'eterson  was  born  in  Sweden,  in  1845. 
He  enij;;rateil  to  .\merica.  in  IsiiS.  and  settled  at 
Lansing.  Iowa;  thence  to  Keokuk.  In  1871.  he 
came  to  Minnesota,  and  worked  al  lailmad  con- 
tnicling  ill  Houston  and  Winona  counties,  until 
the  fall  of  1878,  then  came  to  tliis  city  and 
sljirted  ill  the  grocery  business  at  I-jDI,  Washing- 
ton Avenue  south. 

Oliver  Petersen  is  a  native  of  Norway,  born 
October  I'd,  18.")1.  He  c-aiiie  to  the  I'nited  States 
in  18(1(1,  locating  at  La  Crosse,  Wisconsin,  re- 
maining tlin  e  years,  dealing  in  groceries  and  dry 
gooils.  He  then  removed  to  RiishfnnI,  Minne- 
sota; thence  to  St.  Paul  in  187(1,  and  was  em- 
ploy e<l  live  yeain  by  the  St.  Paul  and  Sioux  City 
Kailway  Company.  In  1877  he  n-tiirned  to  his 
native  coiinliy.  reiiiaining  three  years.  He  then 
niiidi'  .Minneapolis  his  lioin(\  ami  eiigage<l  in  the 
Miloiin  business  at  821  Washington  Avenue  south. 
He  married  Carrie  Davison  in  1879,  who  Iwre 
him  one  child,  William. 

.lohii  Peliasch  was  born  in  Holieiiiia.  October 
12lli,  IH2lt.  Here  he  spent  his  youth,  and  became 
familiar  with  the  shoeniaker's  trade.  He  cnii- 
gnile<l  to  the  I'liUcd  Slates  in  18.-)1),  and  after 
IKiiwIiig  one  year  al  St.  Louis,  came  to  Miiiiie- 
a|MiliN,aiid  at  oii<-e  opened  a  Ixiot  and  shoe  store  at 
2i  Finit  htrwl  south,  where  he  still  continues. 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


613 


M.  Pettingill  was  bom  at  Cambridge,  Maine, 
in  1832.  At  eigliteen  years  of  age  he  joined  his 
parents  at  Omro,  Wisconsin,  tliey  liaving  moved 
there  one  year  previous.  After  a  stay  of  two 
years'  duration,  lie  returned  east  and  was  em- 
ployed in  the  cotton  factories  eight  years,  after 
whicli  he  removed  to  Iowa,  but  finding  the 
country  too  new  for  business,  lie  again  returned 
to  Omro,  and,  with  his  father,  opened  a  boot  and 
shoe  store.  lie  traveled  through  the  north-west 
and  obtained  patents,  particularly  for  the  Pettin- 
gill draw-bar  for  car  coupling,  but  lacking  the 
necessary  means  he  was  unable  to  introduce  them 
into  general  use.  lie  became  a  resident  of  Min- 
neapolis in  1871,  and  opened  a  restaurant,  with  a 
shoe  shop  in  the  rear.  Four  years  later  he  leased 
the  Chalybeate  Springs,  where  he  now  resides. 
His  marriage  with  Miss  E.  D.  Ilamngton  occurred 
in  October,  1855.  They  have  six  children,  all  liv- 
ing at  home. 

E.  J.  Phelps,  of  the  firm  of  Phelps  and  Brad- 
street,  furniture  dealers,  came  to  Minneapolis  in 
April,  1878,  from  Aurora,  Illinois,  and  in  company 
with  J.  S.  Bradstreet  established  the  furniture 
business  at  421  and  423  Nicollet  Avenue.  Resi- 
dence at  1027  First  Avenue  north. 

William  Phipps  was  born  at  Maine,  Broome 
county,  New  York,  in  1829.  He  lived  on  a  farm 
until  twenty-one  years  of  age;  then  apprenticed 
as  a  carpenter.  In  1855  he  was  employed  by  tlie 
government,  and  went  to  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kansas,  but  soon  returned  to  Illinois  on  account  of 
ill-health.  He  worked  at  his  trade  until  1857, 
when  he  came  to  Minnesota.  After  being  in  the 
employ  of  tlie  government,  working  in  different 
states,  he  located  at  Minneapolis  in  1872,  where 
he  has  since  lived,  employed  as  a  contractor  and 
builder.  In  1858  he  v*as  married  to  Miss  Kate 
Arnell,  who  died  in  June,  18(34.  His  second  wife 
was  Arbilla  C.  Wilmot,  whom  he  mairied  in 
186(),  and  by  whom  he  has  three  children:  Ross 
v.,  Willie  II.  and  Clifford.  Residence  at  25 
Seventh  street. 

Jolui  Sargent  PilLsbury,  Governor  of  tlie  State 
of  Minnesota,  is  a  native  of  Sutton,  Merrimac 
county,  New  Hampshire,  born  July  29tli,  1828. 
Hiseducathmal  advantages  during  boyhood  were 
limited  to  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
town.  At  an  early  age  he  commenced  learning 
the  painter's  trade,  but  when  about  sixteen  he 


entered  the  mercantile  business  as  salesman  in  a 
store  at  Warner.     When  twenty-one  years  of  age 
he  formed  a  partnership  with   Walter  Ilarrimon, 
afterwards  Governor  of  New  Hampshire,  which 
continued  two  years.    He  then  removed  to  Con- 
cord, where  he  remained  four  years  in  the  busi- 
ness of  merchant  tailor  and  cloth  dealer.    In 
1853  he  made  a  tour  of  observation  throughout 
the  western  states,  and  in  1855  he  located  at  St. 
Anthony,  Minnesota,  engaging  in  the  hardware 
business  with  success.    In  addition  to  the  losses 
by  the  panic  of  1857.  his  establishment  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire,  entailing  a  loss  of    twenty-two 
thousand  dollars,  with  no  insurance;  but  by  hard, 
honest  labor  and  indefatigable  energy,  he  recov- 
ered, and  in  five  years  was  again  a  prosperous 
merchant.    In  1858  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  city  council  ana  re-elected  for  six  successive 
years.    When  the  rebellion  broke  out  he  rendered 
efficient  service  in  organizing  the  First,  Second 
and  Third  Regiments  of  Minnesota  Volunteers, 
and  in  1862,  in  company  with  others;  raised  and 
equipped  a  mounted  company  for  service  against 
the  Indians.    In   1863  lie  was  appointed  one  of 
the  regents  of  the  University  of  Mhinesota,  and 
its  present  gratifying  condition  is  largely  owing 
to  his  prudent  endeavors.    In  1872  he  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  flour  in  Minneapolis,  with 
his  nephew,  C.  A.  Pillsbury.    The  firm  of  C.   A. 
Pillsbury  and  Company  is  one  of  the  largest  man- 
ufacturers of  flour  in  the  world.    In  1863  he  was 
elected  state  senator  from  Hennepin  county,  and 
re-elected  for  four  following  terms,  and  again  in 
1872  and  the  succeeding    term.    In  1875  Mr. 
Pillsbury  was  elected  Governor  and  re-elected  in 
1877  and  1879.      His  administration  has    been 
marked  by  a  thorough  devotion  to  the  interests  of 
the  people  of  this  state.     He  married  in  Warner, 
New  Hampshire,  November  3d,  1866,  Miss  Ma- 
hala  risk.    They  have  had  four  children:  Ida, 
Susie  May,  Sadie  Belle  and  Alfred  Fisk. 

Charles  F.  Pillsbury,  lawyer,  was  born  in  King- 
field,  Franklin  county,  Maine,  January  31st, 
1828.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  inSomsrset  county,  Maine,  in  1854.  He  prac- 
ticed his  profession  ni  Somerset  and  Franklin 
counties  until  September,  when  he  came  to  Min- 
neapolis and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the 
courts  of  Minneapolis  by  Judge  Vanderburgh  in 
December  of  the  same  year.    He  has  been  en- 


ai4 


UlSTOUY  OF  IIEyNErJN  COUNTY. 


sacpd  In  mU  ndatp  buiiin(>!W  in  ronnertinn  with 

■        MlCPi.  lK>m 

iiniaiiii-<i 

until  t%«Mit>^rti>-  >'  Two  of  Uie  brolli- 

■  .  ..  lu,.,.-;.  r.  one  a  nierrliant, 

.11.    Mr.  rillhliiio  ■"  niarriaRe 

«itli    traiiri.    II      lV<>iit«n.  of  Npw   rortlanil. 

\i»  ,,,    .«.;>!«!  in  !•<■■><».    Tlicy  have  liad  four 

f  mlinni  arc  now  llvinft.  a  son  and 

.•••(J  twelve  met  his 

;lii>  river. 

(,.  >iir\,  win   (if  John  and  Stisiin 

!•  .iii.e  of  Sntton.  Meniniar  county. 

ir.  iKini   AuRimt  L>i<tJi.  IKIfi.     He 

'I  oliK-alion   in  his  nn- 

;.. ,;(•  <if  eiulilt-i'n,  he  went 

W  lliii>t<rti  and  nmirryl  pmiilnymcnt  bh  clerk  in  a 

!  *.  .   :    ..      !'      .ill    only    a 

■     ■  .  lo  Sutton 

utd  lireMi  UiP  matiiifiirtiiri-  of  stoves  and  sheet- 

'V  In    mmiMUiy  with  his  cousin.  J.  C. 

In  IM«i,  he  n'niovj-d  to   Warner  a.s 

I    II.  I'l'arHioi.  and  in  July   following. 

,  .     ,         ..iMil   Uie  liiihiness  and   coniiiicled  the 

Mill''      I  Ir  wan  p(MitiiiBiit<'r  n(  Warner  fnim   IK4-1 

of  trust  anil  pniin- 

:  llic  apiHiintnu-nt  of 

IHinrtuiiOiii;  »e<-i,\  f<ir  Um*  Concord  railroad,  and 

ntll  lt<7.'>.     lie  hecanie  a 

"I  I>«7k.  and  still   ivsides 

tH-n-      II.  •   linn  of*'.  A.  I'ills- 

'    ■•'    ••      ' ..        liiildsother  |Kisitions 

lie  n>Hnle<l  .Marifan-t  S.  Carle- 

!\vo  sons, 

lied  with 

^  In  n  irradnnt<'  <if  Dartr 

.v'.'i  :i  iii<-nilM<r  of  the  MinnesotM 

«  "f  (Germany,  was  Itoni 

V«v    ..  •  iiii|(rale<l  to  America  in 

i<'t,   ui..  Vork  hln   home  where   he 

■UK.    and 

I  ■■  lu'ivi-il    to 

•  irmalning  wevm  yv»n,  tlien  came 

■        1  at  his  tnide 

.   he  o|HMie<|   a 

•*""•   •<>  -It  'Vw   UaoliinKton   Aveniiv 

"       '  "  -tu  Wtlle.  of  (Jermnny 

<i    an-.    Amelia,    Clara, 


Frank  I'lunimer  was  born  at  15rookhii,  Henne- 
pin county.  Minnesota,  June  10th,  1855.  He 
lived  on  a  farm  until  1868.  then  attended  the 
graded  schools  of  St.  l':iul  until  1871.  when  he 
entt'red  the  fniversity  and  liiiislied  liis  studies  in 
1873.  lie  entered  the  city  engineer's  office  and 
remained  three  years.  nw\  the  next  spring  went 
to  the  Black  Hills,  remaining  two  years.  In 
May,  1880,  he  ret\n-ned  and  opened  his  present 
oflice.  in  company  with  F.  11.  Xutter,  as  civil  en- 
gineer. In  the  fall  of  1880,  he  was  elected 
county  surveyor,  which  office  he  now  holds. 

(ieorge  Pomarleau  was  born  in  Canada,  in  1845. 
lie  came  to  IIcnnei>in  county  in  1853,  and  for 
ten  years  lived  with  his  parents  on  a  farm.  The 
next  eight  years  he  was  employed  by  the  govern- 
ment, teaming  from  Fort  Snelling,  and  Fort  Ab- 
ercrombie.  lie  is  now  projirietor  of  the  "Phila- 
deljihia  Exchange,"  of  tliis  city,  215  First  street 
north.  He  was  married,  in  187.S,  to  Miss  Victo- 
ria Hlondio.  Three  children  have  been  bom  to 
them. 

K.  F.  I'omeroy  was  born  at  (iranville,  Massa- 
chusetts, June  7th,  1838.  He  came  to  JMinneapo- 
lis  in  May,  1880,  from  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  where 
he  had  been  engaged  iTi  the  manufacture  of  soap. 
He  has  a  wife  and  live  cliililrcu  all  living  in  this 
city.  He  is  of  the  lirm  of  I'dmcniy  and  JSenner, 
Minneajiolis  Soap  \Vorks. 

J.  L.  l'omc;iiy  is  a  native  of  So\ithhampton, 
Massachusetts,  born  November  3d,  1818,  He  lo- 
cated at  Uassetfs  Creek  in  1865,  engaging  in 
milling  under  the  firm  name  of  Pomeroy,  Hates 
anil  Company,  in  which  he  continued  four  years, 
then  in  company  with  Mr.  ]3assetl  built  a  distil- 
lery, and  sold  out  in  18C2  and  engaged  in  the 
llipior  business  in  this  city.  In  1874,  in  comivMuy 
with  VI.  S.  JJates  and  Joseph  Day,  he  buill  a  Hour 
mill  at  Piedmont,  Missouri,  and  ilic  next  year  re- 
turned to  this  city  and  engaged  in  the  licpior 
business  at  the  corner  of  Second  street  and  First 
Avenue  south,  lie  married  Lydia  T.  Thomas 
Decendier  3d,  IMii.  Their  children  arc  :  .Martha 
E..JuliaC.  and  Filward  T. 

Father  T.  L.  Power,  pastor  of  the  Church  of 
the  Holy  Hosary,  was  horn  in  Waterford  county, 
Indand,  Man-h  17th,  18.30,  He  attended  St. 
John's  College  in  his  native  country,  in  1840 
came  to  America,  and  went  to  St.  Hose.  Ken- 
tucky, where  he  became  a  mi  iiibcrof  Ihc  D in- 


BIOGBAPHICAL 


615 


lean  Order.  After  completing  his  theological 
studies  there,  he  went  to  Sinsinawa  Mound, 
Wisconsin,  and  in  July,  1856,  was  ordained  at 
Milwaukee,  by  the  now  venerable  Archbishop 
Ilenni.  lie  remained  several  years  at  Sinsin- 
awa Mound,  then  went  to  Memphis,  Tennessee 
where  in  1867  he  suffered  a  severe  attack  of  yel- 
low fever.  In  1S6S  he  returned  to  Sinsinawa 
Mound,  where  he  remained  three  years,  then 
went  to  "Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  where 
he  assisted  in  the  erection  of  St.  Dominica's 
Church.  In  1878  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  pur- 
chased the  present  site  of  the  Holy  Ilosary,  and 
at  once  commenced  its  erection,  as  well  as  that 
of  the  convent,  which  is  under  his  supervision. 
Father  Power  states  that  upon  his  arrival  here 
he  bought  an  old  building  used  as  a  Swedish 
Church,  and  had  it  moved  to  his  grounds  for 
temporary  purposes.  In  this  old  building,  while 
it  was  yet  on  rollers,  in  the  middle  of  the  street, 
he  celebrated  his  first  mass. 

J.  M.  Pottle,  proprietor  of  tlie  Jlinue-ha-ha 
Carriage  Works,  established  his  business  in  1862, 
and  eight  years  after,  his  son,  J.  H.  Pottle,  was 
taken  as  partner,  making  tlie  present  firm  of  J. 
M.  Pottle  and  Son.  This  firm  employs  twenty- 
flve  men,  doing  first-class  work,  which  is  nearly 
all  done  to  order,  and  consists  of  buggies  and 
light  carriages.  Their  works  cover  an  area  of 
125x160  feet,  at  117  Second  street  south. 

F.  E.  Pratt,  manufacturer  of  carriages,  sleighs, 
wagons,  etc.,  was  born  at  Bangor,  Maine,  in  1842. 
He  enlisted  in  1861,  and  served  until  his  dis- 
charge in  1865.  He  made  Michigan  his  home  for 
three  years,  and  in  1875  returned  to  his  native 
state,  remaining  two  years ;  then  came  to  INIinne- 
apolis,  where  he  has  since  resided  and  conducted 
a  lucrative  and  thriving  business.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  February,  1861. 

Otis  Arkwright  Pray  was  born  at  Livermore, 
Oxford  county,  Maine,  February  28tli,  1833.  His 
great  grandfather  Pray,  who  was  a  soldier  in  the 
revolutionary  war,  emigrated  from  Scotland  to 
Connecticut,  thence  to  Oxford,  Massachusetts. 
Otis'  father  being  a  mill-wriglit  and  farmer,  at 
tlie  age  of  eighteen  he  decided  to  follow  his 
father's  trade,  and  was  apprenticed  as  such  at 
Lewiston,  to  D.  Beede.  After  serving  three 
years  as  an  apprentice,  he  formed  a  partnership 
■yvith  Mr.  Beede,  which  contiiuied  three  years, 


during  which  time  they  were  engaged  in  mill 
building  throughout  Maine.  In  1857  he  came  to 
Minneapolis,  and  first  built  a  saw-mill  up  the 
river;  then  was  employed  by  W.  D.  Wasburn  to 
assist  in  building  the  great  JSIinneapolis  mill-dam. 
After  the  dam  was  finished,  he  built  the  Cataract 
mill,  which  was  the  first  flouring-mill  on  the  west 
side.  He  tlien  removed  to  Aflon.  on  St.  Croix 
Lake,  and  engaged  in  building;  then  returned, 
and  erected  tlie  Union  mill ;  thence  to  St.  Cloud, 
where  he  built  and  operated  a  mill  until  1866, 
when  he  again  returned  to  this  city,  and  has  been 
connected  with  the  business  interests  since.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  O.  A.  Pray  and 
Company,  iron  manufacturers.  He  married  June 
17th,  1858,  at  Wilton,  Maine,  Miss  Frances  A. 
Fenderson.  They  have  one  son,  Albert  Fender- 
son. 

A.  R.  Prescott  is  a  native  of  Vienna,  Maine, 
bcrn  August  28th,  1838.  In  1875  he  went  to  New 
Brunswick,  and  sold  goods  on  the  road  from  St. 
Johns.     In    1877    he    located  at  Sussex,  Xew 
Brunswick,  and  for  three  years  kept  restaurant: 
then  made  this  city  his  home,  and  opened  a  res- 
taurant at  217  Central  Avenue.    He  was  maiTied 
to  Mary  E.  Bridges,  in  1860,  who  bore  him  one 
child,  Charles  A.    Mrs.  Prescott  died  in  1864. 
His  second  wife  was  Lydia  A.  Bridges,  whom  he 
married  in  1865,    Cliildren  ;    Mary  E..  Lorinda 
I.,  Lydia  E.,  and  Emma;  Laura  and  Effie,  died. 
Charles  H.  Prior  was  born  August  1st,  1833,  at 
Plainfield,  Connecticut.     He  mov^d  with  his  pa- 
rents to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in   1836,  where  he  at- 
tended the  public  schools  until  1848.  He  attended 
Oberlin  College  of  Ohio,  two  years,  then  at  Cleve- 
land University,  two  years,  completing  a  course 
as  civil  engineer  in  1852.     He  engaged  in  the 
pursuit  of  his  profession  until  1860  on  the  Lake 
Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  railroad,  the  Louis- 
ville and  Sandusky  City  railroad,  and  the  Mil- 
waukee and  Madison  railroad.    He  was  then  em- 
ployed in  ihe  operative  department  of  the  Chica- 
go, Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  railroad ;  he  is  now 
and  has  been  for  ten  years  past,  superintendent 
of  that  company's  lines,  in  Iowa,  Minnesota  and 
Dakota.    He  was  married  in  1860,  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  to  Miss  Delia  M.  Xoyes.    Their  cliildren 
are:  Nellie  D.,  Joseph  II.,  and  Edith  L. 

L.  A.  Priest,  of  the  firm  of  L.  A.  Priest  and 
Company,  commission  merchants,  was  born  at 


•I« 

IlI^liiRY  OF  HE 

IM4.    He  Ant  locatpd  in 

1 

.       ■_      •« « I         1  k^l ••       t..«w]ln«-( 

•  i;  tlirim'  uj  »pr»uwi»«i.  i'itKi>t«  ««-nit«'i.>. 

x- 

up  int<'n-s1,s 

-^<i.     lie  lias 

.u  n  ooniiiiissl'in  incr- 
,,. Iii'ins  f^lll^.  pnxliict'. 

!• 

•  .     lie  «'•■  manitvl  in  1N78.  to 

y 

^■i.-i. 

■  oiiiity.  Now 

Y<>t1i. 

in  IKil. 

In  nkrty  llfr  he  amtmpaiiii'd  his 

t' 

■     •    two  yojire; 

1 

11.  wlicn-  he 

1 

.•  to  Utl*  city  in  lsT4.     He 

« 

'    "  ''  fnrr-inaii  for  Hall 

A 

1      ><•«!>.       Ho  •■11- 

1 

:  III   Ciuiiiiaiiy  in 

>!  'i-r  of  llial  orpjin- 

lMii<ia.  II*  «'u  n»fTi«l  in  IMS  to  Mlw  I»uiHe 
f  Mirxnr.     lUiildiiicv  at   AIO  FoiirtM-ntli  Avpiiuc 

I  "T  in   lime.  Imlr.  remcnt. 

I  ■■  'icrmany  In  IS27.     He 

»  until   ffiutl4'<-n   >('arK 

•  i>f  htoin'-nirtiion. 
II'  .  ;>,  anil  aft«T  n'- 
maliitng  a  f<^  in»nUii>  cjunv  lo  MinneiiiKiliH  Hiid 
1...  i;.         ■  workcil 

•  .1  |<Nik  a 
'                                             xlyapfM  In  thetown- 

•  .'  111.  r,  1,1-  iravp  tn|||flll^ltll(■r■in- 
l;.  '•«•!  Ill  lK'■<llll■<■<l^l(ll)•ll('<vllllllii■ 
r'  11  wmk.  in  whirli 
I                     Li-  Ix-inin  liix  pn^N- 

^      lie  WMihe  nm  remilnr  dealer  in 
'  ,,  |,„i|| 

■  III    the 

i«  on  Hie  rwmer  «if  Flrel 

■'i      He   was  niar- 

'  ■<■"    lUiMwirk,  ill 

1  nl'ptnvol   iYiMMii,  Uieii   living  In 


I! 


an  WM  Uku  al  Ciluvaw.  8ooUand. 

tnidr 
'WIHll. 

^.  lorAiiiig  a(    IhiKtoii. 


stands.  He  opened  a  store  of  gents  furnishing 
K.  in  ronnertion  with  his  merchant  tailoring 
..  r  the  I'eiici"  block.  In  ISW  he  removed  to 
Ins  present  location.  8  Washington  Avenue 
north.  He  Wius  mairied  in  Boston,  to  Miss  Han- 
nah Howley.  in  1885.  who  died  December  3d, 
1S7.S.  He  was  again  married  in  1875  to  Ellen  F. 
Huliues  of  this  citv. 


I^»i  i*iiiM<ai.  «ij(iT  titr  i*ilI»Utr)  A  mill  now 


CHAPTER  T.XXXir. 

niOORAl'niCAL  (^   It   .\ND  s. 

IVter  (jtiiady  is  a  native  of  (;erni;iny,  born  in 
lh47.  He  came  to  the  United  States  when  a 
small  child,  locating  in  Jefferson  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  lived  on  a  farm  luitil  seventeen  yedrs  of 
age.  then  went  in  the  woods  winters  and  worked 
in  the  siiw-niills  summers.  In  ISTt  he  opened  a 
hotel,  and  lia.s  since  been  in  that  business.  In 
lh7".)  he  became  one  of  the  proprietors  of  Quady's 
hot4'l.  in  this  city.  He  married  .Miss  Ilaiinora 
Carroll.  November  liith.  1877.  Micliael  E.,  and 
Hobert  L.,  are  their  children. 

Hiilx-rt  Qiiady.  was  born  in  Jeffei'son  county, 
Wisconsin.  January  Oth,  1856.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  1870,  and  for  six  years  worked  in 
the  wimmIs.  also  in  the  mills.  In  1876  he  leased 
the  (Jreen  Monnlain  House,  of  which  he  was 
proprietor  three  years,  then,  in  company  with  his 
bnither  oiwned  (Quady's  Hotel,  in  1879.  He 
married  Miss  Maggie  O'Hrien  in  1877.  Tlieir 
children  are:  .Maggie  and  .Mary  A. 

Thiiinasti.  Haiiiey,  M.  J).,  wasboniat  Belfast, 
Indand,  Miireli  27th,  1845.  He  came  to  the 
I'nil*^!  Slates  in  ls(iS.  His  cihicauoii  wa  ob- 
tained partly  in  Ireland,  also  a)  llillsilalc.  College, 
Mli'higan.  He  studied  at  the  Medical  University 
of  that  state,  and  gnidiiated  with  the  degree  of 
M.  1).  in  .March.  18711.  He  commenced  his  prac- 
tice iniincdiately  at  Ionia,  and  remained  two 
niid  one-half  years,  then  studied  in  New  York 
luid  I/indoii  one  yeAf.  Hen'tmneil  tn  .Vinerica 
III  l><i'i.  liN-ating  at  I'lirtland.  .Maine,  and  resumed 
pnictice.  Ill  1S71I.  he  became  a  resident  of  Min- 
neapolis,  where  has  hIiicc  practiced  his  profession. 


BIOGEArniCAL. 


617 


Jolin  P.  Rank,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  bom 
in  1829.  lie  came  to  the  United  States  in  1843, 
and  remained  eleven  years  with  his  parents  on  a 
farm  in  Canada.  In  1854,  he  came  to  Minneapo- 
lis and  worked  in  the  woods  one  winter,  the  year 
following  engaged  in  the  grocery  business.  In 
1863,  he  bought  a  building  in  which  he  kept 
saloon  until  it  burned  in  1868.  He  erected  a  new 
building  on  that  site,  and  in  1874  again  opened  a 
saloon  where  he  now  is.  He  married  Miss  Mary 
Gluck  in  1859,  Edward,  John,  Louisa,  Kate, 
Henry,  Louis,  Anna,  Frederick  and  Otto,  are  the 
children. 

N.  Raths  was  born  at  Luxembourg,  October 
27th,  1839.  Ue  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1855,  locating  first  in  Iowa.  In  1864,  he  removed 
to  Minnesota  and  engaged  in  farming  in  the 
suburbs  of  Minnneapolis,  until  1870,  when  he 
started  a  grocery  store  at  1307  Washington  Ave- 
nue north,  in  which  he  is  still  doing  a  thriving 
business,  and  owns  the  property  on  which  he  is 
located.  His  marriage  with  Anna  Bofferding  oc- 
cured  in  1867.  They  have  five  children  living, 
Maggie,  Nanny,  Willie,  Philomena  and  George. 

Jacob  Rauen  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  born  No- 
vember 1st,  1836.  At  twenty  years  of  age.  he 
came  to  the  United  States  and  first  located  on  a 
farm  in  Crystal  Lake,  Hennepin  county,  Minne- 
sota. Here  he  remained  until  1868,  when  he  re- 
moved to  this  city,  and  the  next  year  built  the 
Harmonia  House,  which  he  still  owns.  This 
hotel  was  managed  by  him  until  1877,  when  he 
retired  from  active  business  on  account  of  poor 
health.  He  was  foreman  of  the  old  Germania 
Hose  Company  foiu-  years,  and  assistant  engineer 
of  the  Minneapolis  fire  department  two  years. 
He  married  Miss  Ernestine  Stultzman,  of  Ger- 
many in  1865.  They  have  three  children  living, 
Henrietta  J.,  Annie  C.  and  Charles. 

Peter  Rauen,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
October  17th,  1834.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1854,  and  remained  in  Chicago  two 
years,  then  located  in  St.  Anthony,  and  is  one  of 
the  old  pioneers  of  this  region.  He  removed  to 
St.  Paul  and  remained  until  1859,  wnen  he  re- 
turned and  commenced  in  the  grocery  and  general 
merchandise  business,  at  the  corner  of  Plymouth 
and  Washington  Avenues,  which  he  has  since 
continued.  He  is  now  the  oldest  German  grocer 
in  the  city,  and  has  accumulated  much  valuable 


property.  He  was  married  in  1854  to  Christina 
Thielen,  of  Germany.  They  have  had  twelve 
children;  six  are  now  living:  Annie,  Jacob,  Mary, 
Susan,  Josephine  and  Lizzie. 

Tliomas  Raymond  was  bom  in  Kindge, 
New  Hampshire,  May  2d,  1830.  In  1855  -he 
went  to  Moline,  Illinois,  and  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing pails  and  tubs  for  nine  years.  He  re- 
moved to  Minneapolis  in  1864,  was  in  the  same 
business  for  five  years,  and  for  six  years  follow- 
ing was  employed  in  flouring  mills  and  furniture 
factories.  Since  1876,  he  has  been  in  the  employ 
of  Washburn  and  Company.  His  marriage  with 
Miss  Hannah  Longton  occurred  in  1856.  They 
are  parents  of  five  children:  William  S.,  Ida  I., 
Lulu  L.,  Charles  and  George. 

L.  W.  Raymenton  was  born  at  Chester,  Ver- 
mont, November  18th,  1852.  He  received  an 
academic  course  at  Burr  and  Burton's  Seminary, 
at  Manchester,  Vermont,  in  1872,  and  attended 
JNIiddlebury  College  one  year,  after  which  he  re- 
turned to  his  native  town.  He  read  law  at  the 
following  places:  at  Chester,  with  Hugh  Henry; 
at  Uxbridge,  Massachusetts,  with  George  W. 
Hobbs;  at  Worcester,  with  C.  A.  Merrill,  and  in 
the  summer  of  1879  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
He  removed  to  Minneapolis  the  fall  following, 
and  opened  an  office  in  company  with  G.  W.  Ilael 
in  April,  1880.  The  firm  is  known  as  Hael  and 
Raymenton. 

Judge  John  P.  Rea  was  born  October  13th, 
1840,  in  LoW'Cr  Oxford  township,  Chester  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania.  His  father  owned  a  woolen 
factory,  and  he  passed  his  time  there  and  at- 
tending school,  until  September,  1870.  when  he 
went  to  Piqua,  Ohio,  where  he  taught  school. 
He  enlisted  in  1861  in  company  B,  Eleventh 
Ohio  Infantry,  being  one  of  the  first  in  the  state 
to  enlist.  He  served  in  that  regiment  four 
months,  when  he  was  commissioned  as  second 
lieutenant  of  company  I,  First  Ohio  Cavalry  ;  he 
was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  March  12th,  1862, 
and  in  April  of  the  next  year  to  the  rank  of  cap- 
tain, and  soon  after  was  brevetted  major.  He 
served  in  the  regiment  three  years  and  four 
months,  having  been  absent  only  ten  days,  seven 
of  which  he  was  a  prisoner  and  three  days  sick. 
In  1865  he  eutered  the  Wesleyan  College  at  Dele- 
ware,  Ohio;  he  graduated  in  the  classical  course 
in  June,  1867.    During  the  vacation  of  1866  he 


«I8 


lllUJUUV  OF  UESNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Hem.  1).  J.  Dlrkey.  I..anras- 
' '    '•  •  *  Mnd  wa«  a<l- 

-l.    1K«S.       Ill 
1 1  <«U'  of 

-   J  ..         •      I  >  (Jovor- 
1  .'Ui,  IMH  Iw  WHS  ■|>|Ki>iited 

1  ■  ■   ii'Vfiiiie 

.1.  wliirli 
1   wan  mUiIiMioI   liy   law   in 

•  .:  I«w  ill  IjinrasUT 

■    n-iniiviHl  t<i  Mill- 
UK'  (Mlitor  (if 

,         .    •  'I  ill  that  cuii- 

il  May.  1KT7.     Up  ntirp  mnre  rpHiimod 

'  'if  tliat  >«>nr  was 

.  ..itNl  ill  isTit.     Ilo 

Rtmiiim  »:tuina  M.  (nnild  of  Ohio,  October  2GUi, 

IMIti. 

(tiiKtaruK  llrfHi.  a  tiaiivt-  of  (ft'rtnany.  wa.s  lioni 
•'  AtiHTira  ill  IW-I, 

«'.  until  ISTI.  when 

hi*  rmmr  Miiin(«|viUii.  Mid  iMHVinic  a  |>artiic'r  of 
•  ^hnirnl. 

liv.  ill  Ffliniary. 
IMS.     Ilr  faiiH'  III  AnD-iira  In  iK'il.aiiil  ciipi^d 

I'  " '         ,       until   I  WW.  whin  lie 

!  il   "iH'iii-)!  a  c'lotliiiif; 

►  '■'■    Uito  and  Hiiithcr. 

.  :   of   MinncaiHilix.   wiix 
I-  II    IW».      Il<'   ranif   to   the 

<  ill  the  I^iki'  Sii- 

I-  il   liih  tniih'.  that 

of   lilaikMiiitli     iliHT  ymnt,  then  rami'   to  tliiN 
"  '  '  '     ■    iiiith  wvi-nil 

iif  hix  own 

'■omrr  of  Fourth 

'  "I"  t  of  wa),MiiN 

■-.     lli'iiiar- 

:Li   i'iul  Hi  IMife,  who  Imif  him  fonr 


I' 
l< 


■K'Mlanillc.  Ohio.  June, 

.iiid  at- 

Ki")!  for 

w  inlcrPHl  In 

•  ■• 'iiv  for  ttin>c 

into    tl  lillKillfM    of 


TItpy  bav< 

I  11.11}  i.:>i)i  ;4i,ii  liaiiy  Fayette. 


A.  M.  IJiid.  president  of  the  Xorth  .Star  Boot 
and  .Shoe  ("onipany,  was  bom  in  (ireene  county, 
Ohio,  in  182it.  Here  he  received  liis  early  educa- 
tion, and  111X111  reacliiiij;  man's  estate  was  in 
inaniifactiiringand  general  meicliandise  business 
for  flfteen  years.  Having  concluded  to  go  west 
be  visited  all  important  cities  west  of  tlie  Missis- 
sippi, for  the  purpose  of  /iiulins;  a  desirable  place 
in  whicli  t<i  ]x>rniaiiciitly  settle.  L'pou  arriving 
at  >liniiea|Milis  he  decided  to  look  no  further,  but 
returned  to  arrange  his  business,  which  he  did, 
and  located  hei-e  with  his  family  in  November, 
IMi.i.  He  did  not  resume  an  active  business  life 
until  he  liecame  one  of  the  firm  of  Kelly,  Reid 
and  Wagner,  wholesale  grocers,  in  1870.  He  was 
one  <if  those  who  organized  the  Xortli  Star  Boot 
unil  Shoe  ("onipany,  and  wjis  secretary  and 
tn-a-siirer  of  the  company  until  1877,  when  he  was 
elected  its  jiresident.  He  was  married  in  l<S48,to 
.luli.i  .Miller,  of  Ohio.  Ifinley  M..  Lafayette  M., 
and  Ada  \'iiil:i.  imw  Mrs.  F.  K.  Hesler,  are  their 
children. 

F.  .M.  licid.  secrclarv  of  the  North  Star  Boot 
and  Shoe  Conipaiiy.  was  born  in  (irecue  county, 
Ohio,  July  I.5th,  1850.  He  came  witli  his  parents 
to  Minneapolis  in  180.5.  and  received  liis  education 
at  the  common  and  high  schools  of  the  city.  His 
[  lirst  experience  in  mercantile  pursuits  was  with 
the  tirin  of  Kelly,  Held  and  Wagner,  wholesale 
grwei-s.  his  father  being  a  member  of  the  firm. 
He  wa.s  employed  next  by  the  Xorlh  Star  Boot 
and  Shoe  ("ompany  as  their  lirst  book-keeper.  He 
opened  and  kept  the  lirst  set  of  books  used  by  the 
company.  He  was  soon  promoted  to  tlie  position 
of  Nccn'tary,  which  he  still  holds  with  credit.  He 
wtm  married  in  1878,  to  Jennie  I^I.  Higgins, 
daughter  of  .M.  L.  Higgins,  of  .Miiiiuapolis,  who 
ha.H  iKiriie  him  one  child,  Bessie  M. 

William  H.  Held  is  a  native  of  Ontario,  Can- 
ada, iKirii  .May  17th,  l8-,(i.  He  learned  milling  at 
home  mid  worked  four  yeai-s  at  Spicerville,  ("au- 
ada.  and  has  siiii'c  then  wiirked  in  mills  at  differ- 
ent iHiint.s  in  .Mimicsota  and  Wisconsin.  He 
came  to  Minneapiilis.  March,  1880,  and  engaged 
with  the  I'ellit  mill  as  grinder,  and  lias  since 
Im-cii  with  this  linn. 

S.  'J".  Hhuarl  wiiH  bom  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  De- 
icmU'r  :.'7th.  185(1.  I  Miring  the  spring  of  1.S71  he 
came  to  .MiiineaiMilis  and  for  six  years  worked  at 
liliKkwiiithiiig.     Ill  IS77  he  became  the  proprietor 


BIOGBAPUICAL. 


619 


of  the  Washington  Avenue  House,  whicli  is 
owned  by  C.  M.  AVarner.  lie  married  Miss  Mary 
Sexton,  Marcli  4t!i,  1877.  Albert  II.  and  Maggie 
I.  are  their  children. 

S.  M.  Ricli  was  born  in  Boston,  December  2d, 
1851.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1879,  and  en- 
gaged in  dealing  in  oysters,  salt,  dried  and  canned 
fish,  which  is  exclusively  wholesale.  His  trade 
extends  throughout  Minnesota,  Iowa,  Wisconsin 
and  Dakota,  and  its  growth  has  been  very  exten- 
sive. Mr.  Rich  was  married  in  1873,  to  JNlary  A. 
W.  Brigham,  of  Boston.  They  have  three  chil- 
dren: ISIortimerB.,  Jolin  II.  and  Henry  L. 

Edward  A.  Richards  was  born  in  Berlin,  Wis- 
consin, September  17th,  1850.  He  came  to  Min- 
neapolis in  1872  and  worked  in  the  Wasliburn  A 
mill  live  years.  After  the  explosion  he  was  em- 
ployed in  the  Pillsbury  mill  until  the  Washburn 
C  started,  and  since  been  in  this  mill.  He  mar- 
ried Mary  Eckes  in  1877.  Their  children  are, 
Nellie  and  George. 

C.  H.  A.  Richter  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  born 
June  4th,  1837.  In  October,  1863,  he  came  to 
the  United  States.  lie  made  Springfield,  Illinois, 
his  home  two  years,  then  to  Brownsville,  Minne- 
sota. In  1866,  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and 
worked  two  years  at  tailoring,  then  removed  to 
St.  Peter  and  taught  school  two  years.  He  re- 
turned to  this  city  in  1870,and  has  since  been  in  the 
saloon  business  at  317  Washington  Avenue  north. 
He  married  Mary  L.  Kletzin  in  1868.  Henry, 
Fritz,  Emma  and  Ida  are  their  children. 

F.  C.  Rideout  was  born  in  Maine,  in  1852,  and 
there  received  his  education.  In  1876,  he  came 
to  Minneapolis  arid  at  once  commenced  dealing  in 
flour  and  feed.  He  and  his  partner,  Mr.  Albert 
Bailey,  are  owners  of  a  feed  mill  of  one  run  of 
stone  at  401  Sixth  Avenue  south,  and  a  two-run 
mill  at  corner  Second  street  and  Fourteenth  Ave- 
nue north.  Mr.  Rideout  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  Bailey,  November,  8th,  1879.  Residence 
407  Fourth  street  south. 

Theodore  :Miles  Riley,  rector  of  Holy  Trinity 
Episcopal  Church,  was  born  at  Carlisle,  Pennsyl- 
vania, June  9th,  1842.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  class  of  1861  at  Dickinson  College,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  of  1863  of  the  Tlieological  Seminary 
of  New  York.  Was  ordained  deacon  in  June, 
1863,  by  Bishop  Potter  of  New  York,  and  passed 
his  deaconate  at  Newburgh,  New  York,   as  as- 


sistant to  the  Venerable  Dr.  John  Brown,  rector 
of  St.  George's,  Newburgh.  Ordained  to  the 
priesthood  by  Bishop  Potter,  June  10th,  1866. 
First  parish  was  All  Saints  Memorial,  at  High- 
lands, Navasink,  New  Jersey,  from  January, 
1866  to  1868.  After  spending  the  winter  in 
Oxford,  England,  returned  and  accepted  the  rec- 
torship of  St.  Paul's,  Winona,  Minnesota,  re- 
maining there  until  October,  1872.  He  then  be- 
ing elected  rector  of  St.  Cumming's  parish,  Phil- 
adelphia, entered  upon  its  duties  the  first  Sunday 
in  Advent  of  the  same  year,  there  remaining  un- 
til the  imperative  order  came  to  leave  the  labori- 
ous charge  to  retiu'u  to  Minnesota  as  rector  of 
Holy  Trinity,  of  Minneapolis,  January  15th, 
1876.  He  also  performed  the  duties  of  rector  at 
Fort  Snelling  for  several  years.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  ecclesiastical  court  of  this  diocese,  one  of 
the  bishop's  examining  chaplains,  and  was  twice 
a  supplementary  deputy  to  the  general  convention, 
taking  a  seat  as  deputy  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
general  convention  of  1880. 

Rev.  John  Ring  was  born  in  Sweden  in  1859. 
AVas  in  the  army  thirteen  years ;  entered  as  a 
private  and  was  promoted  to  an  officer.  He  was 
converted  while  tliere  and  held  praver  meetings 
in  camp,  converting  many ;  was  honorably  dis- 
charged for  holding  divine  service  in  camp ; 
then  went  into  missionary  work  and  was  con- 
fined in  prison  thirty-one  days  for  preaching 
between  the  hours  of  ten  and  twelve  on  Sunday, 
it  being  a  law  that  none  but  regularly  ordained 
Lutheran  ministers  should  jjreach  during  that 
time.  He  converted  the  jailor  while  confined. 
Came  to  America  in  1866,  and  organized  a  church 
in  Chicago ;  preached  three  years,  commencing 
with  thirty  and  leaving  with  150  members. 
Went  to  Wisconsin  in  1869  and  organized  a 
church  at  Trade  Lake,  and  one  at  Grantsburg  ; 
preached  there  three  years.  Came  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  1872  and  organized  the  present  church. 
Went  to  Omaha  in  1874,  preached  three  years 
there  and  in  Council  Bluffs.  Then  to  Kirwan, 
Iowa,  in  1877,  to  the  Swede  Baptist  church  for 
three  years,  then  returned  to  INIinneapolis  in  July, 
1880.  Was  married  in  1850,  to  Miss  Erickson, 
who  died  m  1856,  leaving  three  children:  Martha, 
Christian  and  John.  Married  again  in  1875,  to 
Martie  C.  AVicklund. 

Andrew  Rinker,  city  engineer,  was  born  in 


(lyl 


OF  UEyyEPIN  couyTY. 


HlilUdflplita.    IVtiMoh-aatii,  April    IMh.    1819. 

Uir-t  of  I  wliirii  iMHiition  lie 

fill»<d  (.HI)  ..ai-  ii.  ".I-  thrn  ••nBnff«'<l  as 
drwui.'titstuaii  Id  llu*  rririKin  Inin^iii  one  year. 
•  Iifii   l«-  tAttii    1>>    "  :  tllc 

ufltTF  iif  ai>Ki»tjujl   I.  .  intil 

l^7&.     llr  IImii  fonoivl  a  imrtricrHliip  with  (iivirgc 

■    of  this 

liimiM'If. 

:  waniipiMiiiittMl  r4(y  fiiKliiiTr.  Mliirli  he 

"  •   riiTiwI   ill    INTO,  to   Miss 

-  >    liavi>    nne    (laiiKliler. 

I  nth. 

a;  Ution- 

'm'w   V<irk.  NovMnlier  IIUi,  1856. 

i.ist. 

Ilr    rnUitni  si  ciimfT  or    KIkIiUi   Avetiuc  aii<l 

t      -■■     ■      ■        •■ 

■  «•  « ■•  Uini  in   Aloiiljtomer>' 

.1   lint    whfii  <|iiite  >iiiinf{!i('- 

...?:.;»  lo  Ilaiiluixl  niuiity,  Mar>'' 

r«tiwT  (lint  in   I  MM.    They  re- 

'  I'eiiiiNylvunia 

when  he  eii- 

'•  IVnniiylvniiia   Voltin- 

ihnI  UK  wtoikI 

I   St«ti-h   (^il- 

■Iwl  t.i  Ihut  !ieu- 

m  (liw'hurit<'<l   !><'- 

\<«r.     In  Jiuiiuin.  |K<Ml.  he 

■    liTiville. 

Ill   lwt7, 

:li«  law  M-lKml  at  Ann 

He 

;  (.1 

Uie    name   year. 

iil»  j>nu-tli-<«  III  Ne- 

I  he  raiiic  lo  Mill- 

llliifllrl- 

1    of    the 

itrtil  |<t«rti(W  uf  liU  pnifcK- 


I.  ivnn- 

r  In 

II. 


..iV       'iiii>  l^M,  i»u  iUiUltM. 


James  Robertson,  head  miller  of  the  ISIoiiel 
mill,  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  born  October,  1S42. 
lie  came,  with  his  parents,  to  America,  when  a 
halie.  and  l<K'ated  at  Racine.  AVisconsin.  lie 
learned  milling  at  Haciiie,  where  he  remained 
until  1H71.  when  he  removed  to  Lanesboro,  Min- 
nesota: he  remained  three  years,  then  located  in 
this  city  in  1N7.').  He  was  employed  in  the  Da- 
kota mill  three  yeare.  and  has  since  been  in 
chanre  of  the  Model  mill. 

L.  H.  Hohert.son  was  born  near  Ithaca,  Xew 
Vork.  September  3d,  1847.  lie  acijiiired  a  kiiowl- 
edjre  of  teleirniphy  when  fifteen  years  of  age,  and 
ojHTated  at  Ottawa,  Canada,  nine  months.  lie 
wa.s  then  transferred  to  lJonse"s  Point.  Xew 
Vork;  he  was  at  that  i)lace  when  the  ne\\s  of  tlie 
a.sstLssination  of  President  Lincoln  was  sent  over 
the  wires.  In  IKfio  he  c<ime  w'est.  his  parents 
having  jireceded  him.  to  Wisconsin,  and  was  soon 
after  sent  to  Miimeai)olis  by  the  president  of  the 
N'orth-western  Telegraph  Company.  On  coming 
here  he  tmik  charge  of  the  ullice  in  ISliO,  and  is 
now  manager  of  the  same.  He  was  married  in 
lK7(t,  to  K.  Lonisa  Waters,  of  this  city.  They 
have  two  children.  Phillip  W.  and  Raymond. 

1).  L.  Robinson  was  born  at  Falmoutli.  Mas- 
sachusetts, in  1H4.5.  He  located  in  Minneapolis 
in  the  fall  of  1S75.  and  was  one  year  with  S.  B. 
.Mattison  in  the  omnibns  business,  also  one  year 
with  W.  I..  Nichols.  The  linn  of  Robinson  and 
.Mead  was  then  formed.  Their  livery  stable  is 
of  stone  47x174  feet;  with  room  for  ninety  hoi-ses, 
located  at  U'Jd  Third  street  south.  Mr.  Robinson 
wan  manied  in  1.S71  to  Kllcn  K.  Kimball,  of  \Vi- 
iiona.  ICthel  \V.  and  Klla  O.,  twins,  and  Louis 
K.,  uiv  their  children. 

A.  C.  Kobinson  was  Ikihi  in  St.  T/nvrencc  coun- 
ty.Xi'W  York  in  1K4I.  He  learned  the  cariienters' 
trade  at  the  age  of  lifteen,  and  has  been  engaged 
in  the  pursuit  of  his  trade  continuously,  except 
Ihiic  ycHix  paswd  in  the  army.  lie  enlisted  in  tlie 
fall  of  iwn,  in  the  Sixtieth  Xew  York  VoUm- 
t«-erM.  He  received  a  wound  at  Lookout  Mount- 
ain from  w  hlch  he  snlTered  for  live  years.  He  w  as 
■  <1  from  the  hospital  in  IsiM,  ami  at  once 
I  lo  St.  Lawrence  county,  remaining  un- 
til IKOrt.  when  he  n-moved  to  .Marseilles,  Illinois, 
onimired  In  eontnictlng  and  building.  After  the 
Chicago  lire  he  passed  the  winter  there  taking 
r«intnu-l».     In  the  spring  of  l.s7J  he  localca  at 


BTOGJiAPHICAL. 


621 


Worthington,  Minnesota,  making  it  his  home 
eight  years,  wlien  lie  came  to  Minneapolis  and  at 
once  made  liimself  known  as  a  contractor  and 
builder,  which  business  he  still  follows. 

Charles  Robinson,  register  of  deeds  of  Henne- 
pin county,  was  born  at  Allegheny  City,  Penn- 
sylvania, September  1  Itli,  1839 ;  he  moved  to  Kew 
Castle  and  there  remained  until  1857,  when  he 
came  to  ^linneapolis  and  worked  in  a  harness 
shop  one  year,  then  learned  pliotography  and  be- 
gan business,  continuing  until  the  spring  of  1862. 
He  then  went  with  the  army  of  tlie  Potomac  as 
mail  agent,  suttler's  clerk,  etc.,  until  the  seven 
days"  retreat,  when  he  returned  liome,  but  soon 
after  entered  the  western  army,  with  the  inten- 
tion of  taking  jiictures,  but  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Fort  Pillow,  his  apparatus  was  burned  and  he 
was  robbed  of  his  money  and  all  his  clothing  ex- 
cept what  he  had  on.  He  borrowed  money 
enough  to  retimi  home.  On  arriving  he  be- 
gan working  on  a  farm,  continuing  until  the 
spring  of  1868,  when  he  entered  the  register  of 
deeds  office  as  clerk.  He  was  deputy  register  six 
years  and  was  elected  register  in  1877,  and  re- 
elected in  1879.  He  was  married  at  Minneapolis 
in  1871,  to  Mrs.  Annie  Merritt.  Two  children 
have  been  born  to  them:  Charles  and  Flor- 
ence P. 

S.  C.  Robinson  was  born  in  Cumberland  coun- 
ty. New  Jersey,  March  1st,  1831.  At  the  age  of 
fifteen  he  went  from  home  to  work  on  a  farm  and 
two  years  later  apprenticed  as  cai-penter,  and 
served  until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  then 
moved  to  Millville,  New  Jersey,  and  engaged  in 
his  trade.  In  1858  he  removed  to  Minneapolis. 
For  six  years  he  was  foreman  for  Eastman,  Gib- 
son and  Company,  in  the  coopering  department, 
then  engaged  in  contracting  and  building.  In  1876 
he  entered  the  firm  of  Hardwell,  Roliinson  and 
Company.  He  was  married  in  18.52,  to  Miss 
Mary  Dare.  Their  children  are  Charles  N.,  and 
Mary  W. 

Charles  N.  Robinson  was  born  at  Millville,  New 
Jersey,  January  11th,  1853.  He  came  with  his 
parents  to  Minneapolis,  when  five  years  of  age ; 
attended  the  city  schools  and  for  tw(j  years  was  a 
student  at  the  University.  Since  leaving  school 
he  has  been  in  business  with  his  father,  S.  C. 
Robinson,  in  contracting  and  building,  with  the 
exception  of  one  year,  during  which  he  was  em- 


ployed in  scaling  logs  for  Day  and  Son.  He  is 
now  a  partner  of  the  firm  of  Bardwell.  Robinson 
and  Company,  in  the  manufacture  of  sash,  doors, 
blinds,  etc.,  at  the  foot  of  Thirteenth  Avenue 
south.  He  was  united  in  marriage  to  Miss  Kate 
Eveland  in  1875.  They  have  one  son,  Frank. 
A  son,  George  D.,  died  in  infancy. 

M.  Roeller  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1845.  He  ac- 
companied his  parents  to  St.  Paul  in  1852,  where 
he  received  his  education,  remaining  until  1864. 
After  spending  some  time  in  traveling,  he  located 
at  Chicago;  thence  removing  to  New  Haven,  Con- 
necticut, where  he  remained  six  years.  He  then 
came  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
He  is  extensively  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
carriages.  His  marriage  with  Miss  Paulina  Dol- 
sen  of  St.  Paul  occurred  June  10th,  1873.  Resi- 
dence, 1212  Seventh  street  south. 

B.  C.  Rogers  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1836. 
He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1878,  and  since  Feb- 
ruary, 1880,  he  has  been  proprietor  of  the  New 
York  restaurant  at  114  Hennepin  Avenue.  It 
has  a  seating  capacity  for  seventy-five.  Mr.  Rog- 
ers married  Elvira  Walker  in  1874,  who  bore  him 
one  child,  Leroy  C. 

G.  D.  Rogers  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  Septem- 
ber 3()th,  1830.  At  eight  years  of  age  he  moved  to 
Oswego,  New  York,  remaining  until  1847,  when 
he  returned  to  Pennsylvania.  In  1854  he  re- 
moved to  La  Fayette  county,  Wisconsin,  and  en- 
gaged in  farming  an<l  milling  until  1862.  He  en- 
listed in  the  Thirty-first  Wisconsin  Infantry, 
commissioned  as  captain.  After  serving  nine 
months  as  such  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
major;  one  month  later  he  was  commissioned 
lieutenant  colonel  and  next  colonel.  In  the  fall 
of  1865  he  was  discharged,  after  which  he  went 
to  Iowa,  speculating  in  grain.  In  1874  he  came 
to  Minneapolis,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged 
in  the  wholesale  grain  and  commission  business. 
He  married  Sarah  M.  Gillett  in  1853.  Their 
children  are  Plum  A.  and  Emma. 

N.  Rogers  was  born  at  Adrian,  Michigan,  in 
1836.  At  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  went  with 
his  parents  to  Decorah,  Iowa,  where  they  had  a 
saw  and  grist-mill.  He  remained  there  six  years, 
when  the  whole  family  removed  to  Leavenworth, 
Kansas,  in  1861.  His  father  built  a  steam  saw 
and  grist-mill  at  that  place  which  he,  N.  Rogers, 
run  two  years.    He  spent  a  number  of  years  in 


!  lOK  to  Miniipa)>otis  in 

H'l     and 

«   I.><lia 

.  II  «n"  AlU'rt  Ilar- 

^  ^  '      -  -.•  K. 

Maine. 

.,<<ll    WlUl    lllh   rMtlKT  at 

iB.     In    l^^-VS.  lie  went 

Orr-R<in  exp(«litinn  as 

'     and  on 

In-   went 

!•..!.   »■   .1   ■.  ,      ■'1  II,  to  II«iiH?v  I-ike  Valley, 

■"  ikI  in  IsOl.en- 

ltri(rade:  was 

:li  Wisriinsin. 

.    :  .\:...:irs<iUi.  known 

•    ninimandnl  by  J.  Mowerx. 

•     whicli  Ml  first 

>   n'Kullcd  in 

in  Juiw.  INTI.     He  has  n-^ceived 

J'-.     Ili.H  wife  was 

Illinois,  wliom  lie 

-liv  <li(«l  at    I'etiria   in    ISTl. 

:iui\  Mn<ct.  t'liirj4jto. 

uaklMiniat   Hopkins.  New 

III  i-aily  cliiMliiHKl 

l<i  Kipley,    .Maine, 

<ntil  I  MM.  wiipn  he  rame  to  Fort 

■     ■    ■    "      -  arrivj-d  the 

uiid  adjacent 

lies  in   Wisoinsin. 

ill  re.loraliiiK  where 

S(<oond    striN't    south.    Kiwi 

<le   was  then   Ini'liided 

M.     .Mi.  l<o|{ers  woii«>d 

i<e  month  of  IbqiM'tt'H  rreck. 

'  'iHi.il  ex- 

al.     lie 

^ellfe.  niid  now  enjoys  the 

f    -     ■    t,|  Miss  Mary  Wat- 

leii       She  dicfl    III 

II   C^lifoniia. 

Colili. 

■>ne  of  the  (wrliMl  plch 

shanni. 

■•'.;  lived 

unai  hi*  tilitliiiUne  until  IM7,  when  he  nu 

■  fur  two  years 

...»•  f<ir  Iravel- 

rtM,  on  Uw  mililar)'  rusd  liPtwnMi   llnnitor  and 


\XEPIN  COUXTY. 


Houlton.  lie  tlien  removed  to  Old  Town,  where 
for  three  years  he  engaRed  in  lumbering;  theu 
^ettle<l  in  Aroosttiok  county,  where  for  nine  years 
lie  operated  a.s  contractor  and  route  apcent.  and 
h.id  charge  of  the  state  appropriations  for  both 
.Maine  and  Ma.s.sachusetts.  He  also  kept  a  hotel, 
and  opened  up  a  farm  diiriuR  his  stay  there.  In 
the  fall  of  IS4S  he  came  west  by  the  route  then 
known  a.s  "round  the  lakes,"  landing  at  Mil- 
waukee. Wisconsin,  thence  by  team  to  I'rairie  du 
t'liien.  fnmi  which  point  he  and  his  partner.  A. 
Godfrey,  cjmie  to  this  region,  having  hired  a 
FnMichman.  with  three  ponies,  to  bring  them 
through.  This  jouniey  is  fraught  with  amusing 
an'l  interesling  incidents,  some  of  whicli  will  be 
given  a  place  in  this  work.  When  Capt.  Kollins 
arrived  at  the  site  of  our  now  prosperous  city, 
there  were  only  two  frame  houses,  one  "  block  " 
or  "  timber  "  house,  and  one  shanty.  These  were 
on  what  is  now  Second  street,  near  the  foundry. 
One  of  the  frame  houses  was  occupied  by  K.  1'. 
Hiissell.  then  newly  married,  and  with  whom  Mr. 
HoUins  stop|ipd  during  his  stay  here.  It  was  the 
•Mil  of  Dewmber,  1S4S,  when  .Mr.  Rollins  arrived 
here.  He  found  the  water  so  low  that  fording 
was  safe  ill  many  places,  while  above  the  falls  the 
river  was  fro/eii  sullicicntly  to  admit  of  crossing 
on  the  ice,  sometliiiiL;  ili:il  has  not  occurred  since. 
On  the  i;")lli  of  Kccciiibcr.  Mr.  Kollins  set  out 
for  honie.  making  the  journey  in  .safety,  and  the 
following  siiring  he  removed  here  with  his  family, 
and  at  once  mingled  in  the  busy  scenes  incident 
to  froiitU'i'  life.  He  built  a  house  on  Main  street, 
near  the  pif.scnt  location  of  the  great  lumber 
mills.  Soon  after  he  fornie(i  a  i)artnership  with 
(lovernor  Uamsey  .'incl  others,  and  built  a  small 
steamboat  -  named  the  (ioveriior  Hainsey— above 
the  falls,  the  niachiiiery  for  which  was  shijiped 
from  KaiiRor,  Maine,  and  reshiiipid  :it  lioston. 
New  Orleans.  St.  Louis  and  Dulmipie.  to  St. 
I'aiil.  fniin  whence  it  was  brought  by  ox  teams  to 
itD  destination.  (This  machinery  is  now  doing 
K<xmI  s<'rvice  on  the  Hed  Hiver).  .\ftertwo  years 
of  river  navigation.  Captain  liolliiis  sold  his 
Interi'st  in  Hie  '•(ioveriior  Uanisey"  and  with  other 
iwirtles  built  and  operated  the  Island  llouriiig 
mills.  Their  wheat  wils  shipped  here  from  Wis- 
consin and  Iowa,  little  or  none  being  raised  here 
at  that  lime.  After  three  or  four  years  of  niill- 
ing,  the  rapUiin  inve-st*'!!  in  the  •■Clark"  lumber 


BIOGEArHICAh. 


623 


mill,  ill  which  he  was  interested  for  about  ten 
years.  Siiice  then  his  interests  have  been  varied, 
but  principally  given  to  lumbering  and  farming. 
He  has  now  a  fine  residence,  corner  of  Seventh 
sti'eet  and  Eighth  Avenue  soutli-east,  in  front  of 
which  may  be  seen  a  row  of  beautiful cottonwoods 
planted  by  him  twenty-four  years  ago,  and  now 
from  two  and  a  half  to  three  feet  in  diameter. 
Captain  Rollins  was  married  to  Miss  Betsy  Mar- 
tin, June  9th,  1832,  at  Newport,  Maine.  Nine 
children  have  been  born  to  them,  seven  of  whom 
are  living,  and  all  within  four  blocks  of  the 
homestead. 

Mortimer  B.  Rollins  was  born  at  Old  Town, 
Maine,  .January  20th.  1837.  lie  came  to  St.  An- 
thony in  1840  with  his  father,  who  was  among 
the  earliest  settlers  in  the  county.  In  1860,  he 
engaged  in  lumbering,  in  which  he  continued  ten 
years.  lie  then  began  in  the  milling  business  at 
the  Zenith  mill,  the  firm  name  being  L.  Day  and 
Company;  which  lirm  the  fire  of  1878,  was  the 
means  of  dissolving.  He  was  married  in  18.58  to 
Miss  Abby  M.  Day,  who  bore  him  two  children, 
Fred,  and  John  L.  Mrs.  Rollins  died  in  1871. 
His  second  wife  was  Maria  Ferkins  and  to  them 
have  been  born  two  children,  twins,  a  boy  and 
girl;  Harry  and  Maud. 

W.  T.  Rolph,  of  tlie  firm  of  Salisbury,  Rolph 
and  Company,  mattress  manufacturers,  was  born 
in  Lewis  county,  New  York,  October  20tb,  1857. 
He  moved  with  his  parents  to  New  York  city, 
where  he  received  his  education.  He  came  to 
Minneapolis,  October  1  it,  1880,  and  entered  into 
partnership  with  T.  G.  Salisbury  and  Company 
in  the  manufacture  of  mattresses.  Located  on 
110  Main  street,  south-east. 

J.  W.  Rootes  is  a  native  of  England,  born  at 
Kent,  September  15th,  1841.  He  learned  the 
miller's  trade  in  his  native  country,  and  emigrated 
to  America  in  1860,  and  located  at  Troy,  New 
York.  In  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  Second  New 
York  "V^olunteers,  served  two  years  and  was  hon- 
orably discharged.  This  regiment  was  the  first 
that  camped  outside  Fort  Monroe.  Was  taken 
prisoner  at  Fair  Oaks  and  held  live  days.  He  was 
employed  in  mills  in  Ohio  and  New  York,  and  in 
1869  came  to  Minneapolis.  In  1877,  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  Russell  and  II incline  and  built 
the  Model  mill,  and  has  suice  been  conducting  it. 


He    was    married    to  Rebecca  Ann  Van  Epps, 
March  9th,  1864. 

Nic.  A.  Rosbach  was  born  in  Carver  coimty, 
Minnesota,  July  10th,  1856.  In  1858  he  came 
to  Minneapolis;  he  learned  the  business  of  a 
butcher  when  quite  a  young  man.  and  has  been 
in  the  business  a  greater  part  of  his  time.  In 
May,  1880,  he  opened  an  establishment  at  20U 
Twentieth  Avenue  south,  wliere  he  keeps  wines, 
liquors,  cigars,  and  confectionery.  Pie  married 
Mary  Brinkman,  May  9th,  1S77.  Their  children 
are:  Cordelia  and  Christina  P. 

A.  S.  F.  Rose  is  a  native  of  Upper  Canada,  born 
in  1834.  He  learned  the  trade  of  mill-wright  at 
Buffalo,  New  York,  1846,  and  followed  that 
business  until  August.  1878.  when  he  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  began  work  in  the  Humboldt 
mill,  and  until  the  fall  of  next  year  was  employed 
in  different  mills  throughout  the  north-west, 
and  has  since  been  in  the  Crown  Roller  mill.  His 
marriage  with  Miss  Elizabeth  Choles  occurred  at 
BufYalo,  New  York,  in  1879.     - 

General  T.  L.  Rosser  was  born  in  Campbell 
county,  Virginia,  October  15th,  1836.  At  the 
age  of  thirteen  he  went  to  Texas  with  his  parents 
settling  in  Panola  county,  where  his  father 
owned  a  plantation.  In  1856  he  was  appointed 
a  cadet  to  West  Point  Military  Academy,  from 
which  he  graduated  in  1861,  and  returned  to  the 
south.  He  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  in 
the  artillery  service  of  the  confederate  regular 
army,  but  was  elected  captain  of  the  Wasliington 
artillery,  from  New  Orleans,  and  accepted  that 
position  instead.  He  partici^Jated  in  all  of  the 
Ijattles  fouglit  by  the  army  of  Northern  Virginia 
until  the  battle  of  Appomattox,  having  risen  in 
the  mean  time  to  the  rank  of  major-general.  He 
was  wounded  several  times,  once  quite  seriously. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  entered  the  Washing- 
ton Law  University,  at  Lexington,  Virginia, 
graduating  in  law,  in  1866.  He  then  took  charge 
of  the  southern  division  of  the  National  Express 
Company  with  headquarters  at  New  Orleans. 
The  fall  of  that  year  he  went  to  Baltimore  and 
made  a  hydrographical  survey  of  the  harbor 
there.  On  coming  west  he  engaged  with  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railway,  as  chief  engineer  of 
construction.  In  1879,  he  resigned,  and  engaged 
in  business  as  railroad  contractor.  His  wife  was 
Elizabeth  W.  A\'inston,  of  Virginia,  married  in 


624 


HI  STOUT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


1863.    Their  cliildren  are:  Sarah  O.,  Thomas  L., 
Wilham  W.;  Elizalx-lh  F..  and  Margaret. 

H.  A.  Roth  was  l)on>  in  Xcw  York  city,  in 
IS-i-J.  He  came  to  Minnesota  al>out  1860.  locat- 
ing witli  his  pjirents  on  a  farm  in  Le  Sueur 
county.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1870.  liaving 
l)een  enpaged  in  farmiiiK  and  ean>entering  imtil 
that  time.  In  1879  he  oik'iumI  an  estalilisliment. 
dealing  in  new  and  .second  hand  fiirnilnre.  stoves, 
crockerv.  guns,  etc.,  located  at  23  'Washington 
Avenue  south.  He  was  united  in  marriage  to 
Miss  Maggie  DellKin.  in  1K77. 

Uaniey  Roth  was  honi  at  Washington.  District 
of  Columhia.  May  21st.  18,">3.  When  a  child  he 
acconiiKinied  his  jianMits  to  Richmond,  Virginia, 
In  1H70  he  removed  to  I'lttsliurgh.  Pennsylvania, 
and  iK-came  lamdiar  w  illi  the  hakery  business,  in 
which  he  has  since  engaged.  He  became  a  resi- 
dent of  MinneafKilis  in  187r>.  filling  resjionsible 
positions  in  difTt-n-nt  establi.shmeiits  for  three 
years,  and  ha-s  since  kept  one  of  his  own,  at  928 
First  street  north, 

Charles  L.  Rolhaker  is  a  native  of  Switzerland, 
boni  in  182K.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in 
IMH,  going  first  to  I'illshurgh,  Pennsylvania, 
thence  to  Cincinnati.  He  engaged  in  the  hakery 
and  sjiloon  business  in  Missouri.  Wisconsin,  and 
Minnesota  until  1868.  He  then  came  to  Minnea- 
ixilih,  an«l  o|>encd  a  bakery  at  709  Nineteenth 
Avenue  south.  He  was  married  to  Susainia  C. 
Kwhler.  In  18.)7.  Their  c-liildren  are  :  Kliza  M.. 
Mary  K.,  Charles  IC.  Kmil  O..  Fred  .1..  and 
Ida  .1 

C.  H.  Riiwe.  of  the   linn  of  (iruve  anil   Howe, 
wood    merchants,    wits    Ixirn    at    New    Sharon, 
Franklin  county,  Maine,  in  18-J.j,     He  went  to 
Fanniiiglon,  Maine,  in   1867,  and  attended  the 
Normal  m-IhkiI  two  >ears.     He  reiunvr-d  to  Illinois 
in  the  sjiring  <<f  I8*'>'.i.  and  in  the   fall  ranie  to 
MinneapollH.    After  teaching  school  <ine  term  at  i 
KxccUliir  he  began  in  the  grrx-ery  business,  with  i 
W.  H.  .loneti.     He  engiiged   in  dilTerent   lines  of 
liimineKN  until   1K74.  when  he  Itought  a  honu'  in   | 
thin  city,  anil  with  his  |>artuer  has  pursued  his  | 
railing  as  wood  nierchanl.     He  marru-d  Klleii  C. 
.Iiiiies  in   1870.    will!   ilicfl  in   1871,   leaving  one  I 
daughter.  Mar)  K.     His  m-cond  wife  was  Anitte  | 
A.  Hankinwin.  who  iMire    him   three  children: 
FriinrJH  A..  Chailes  R..  mid   Agnes  H.  I 

Augukt  H.  Runge.  a  citizen  of   Minneapolis, 


was  bom  in  Xew  York  city,  Februaiy  12th,  1852, 
At  the  age  of  twelve  years  he  entered  the  United 
States  navy  as  naval  apprentice,  on  board  the 
school  ship  "Sabine."  In  June.  18G.5,  was  trans- 
ferred on  board  the  llagsliip  -'Colorado"  of  the  Eu- 
ropean stjuadron ;  two  years  later  he  was  again 
tran.sferred  to  the  Pacific  stpiadron  and  remained 
until  his  discharge  as  an  able  seaman.  lie  then 
went  to  the  Pennsylvania  oil  regions  to  study 
practical  and  mechanical  engineering.  In  1873  he 
returned  to  Xew  York  and  entered  a  machine 
shop,  where  he  remained  until  called  to  Minne- 
apolis to  superintend  the  steam  heating  depart- 
ment and  engine  of  the  City  hall.  He  volunteered 
in  the  fire  department  in  1874,  and  was  promoted 
to  assistant  foreman,  and  in  1879  was  appointed 
by  the  city,  foieman  of  Hook  and  Ladder  Com- 
pany No.  1,  in  the  paid  department.  He  was 
married  in  1876,  to  Miss  Louisa  Ende.  One 
daughter  was  Ijorn  to  them,  Mabel  S. 

Rcswell  P.  Russell,  one  of  the  oldest  settlers 
in  this  county,  was  born  at  Richland,  Vermont, 
March  loth.  1S20.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  he 
went  to  Burlington,  where  he  remained  three 
years;  then  went  to  Michigan,  and  passed  two 
years  at  Detroit  and  Kalamazoo.  He  was  a 
school-mate  of  II.  M.  Rice,  and  both  came  to 
^lichigan  at  the  same  time.  Rice  went  to  St. 
Louis,  Missouri,  where  he  engaged  with  Mc- 
Ken/.ieto  go  to  Fort  Snelling  and  take  charge  of 
the  stock  of  goods  taken  there  by  Haker.  Xeed- 
iiig  an  assistant.  Rice  sent  for  Russell  to  accom- 
pany him.  The  journey  to  Prairie  du  Chien  was 
not  dinicult;  fniiii  there  to  J>a  Crosse  they  came 
in  a  Mackinaw-  boat,  but  at  the  latter  place  the 
boat  was  frozen  in  and  they  were  obliged  to  pur- 
sue their  journey  on  foot,  but  being  unused  to 
walking,  their  distress  was  great.  The  second 
night  out,  they  took  possession  of  an  old  Indian 
farmer's  place,  he  being  absent,  ami  in  the  morn- 
ing purcli.-ised  three  pounds  of  pork  of  the  mission- 
ary, for  whii-h  they  paid  the  modest  sum  of  two  dol- 
lai-H.  They  arrived  at  FortSnellIng  about  the  5th 
of  November,  18:«l.  and  he  remained  there  until 
1817.  when  he  and  Findley  made  a  i-laim  on  the 
ea.st  side,  extendiiii'  from  liooni  Island  to  the 
present  stone  arch  bridge,  and  bai-k  indefinitely; 
two  years  after,  they  sold  this  claim  to  Pierre  Bot- 
tineau. In  1817,  .\!r.  R.  P.  Russell  opened  the 
first  store  in  St.  Anthony,  in  a  two-story  building 


BIOGRArHICAL. 


625 


of  hewn  logs,  erected  by  Franklin  Steele.  The 
dam  was  commenced  about  this  time,  and  the 
workmen,  together  with  a  few  French  families, 
were  Mr.  Russell's  customers.  One  and  one-half 
years  later  he  went  to  St.  Paul,  but  soon  returned 
and  cqntinued  his  merchandi.se  business  until 
18.54,  when  he  was  appointed  receiver  in  the  hind 
office,  which  position  he  filled  tliree  years,  a  part 
of  the  time  requiring  four  or  five  clerks,  the  busi- 
ness was  so  gi'eat.  In  tlie  fall  of  1858  lie  bought 
the  liardware  stock  of  Spear  and  Davison,  wliich 
he  sold  two  years  later  and  turned  his  attention 
to  farming  until  1862,  when  he,  in  company  with 
George  Iluy,  erected  a  planing  mill;  in  1878  tliey 
added  to  the  building  and  converted  it  into  tlie 
flour  mill.  He  was  also' one  of  the  firm  who,  in 
1870,  built  the  Dakota  mill.  Mr.  Bussell  has 
been  active  in  both  public  and  private  life;  lias 
served  one  term  in  the  legislature,  and  often  in 
town  ofBces;  he  was  the  first  chairman  of  the 
town  board,  and  holds  that  position  at  the  pres- 
ent writing.  October  3d,  1848,  his  marriage  oc- 
curred, with  Marion  Patch.  The  children  liorn 
to  them  are:  Lucy,  now  Mrs.  W.  C.  Colbrath; 
Charles,  in  trade  at  Fargo,  Dakota;  Eoswell,  Jr., 
book-keeper  for  B.  F.  Nelson,  (his  wife  was  Car- 
oline Beach);  Mary,  who  is  at  home;  Carrie,  now 
Mrs.  Frank  Lovejoy;  Fred  and  Frank,  twins; 
George  B.  iSIcClellan,  Willie  and  Eddie. 

Albert  W.  Russell  was  born  in  Vermont  in 
1839,  where  he  lived  until  seventeen  years  of  age. 
In  1856  he  took  a  pio^pecting  tour  through  Wis- 
consin, Illinois  and  Michigan.  In  1850  lie  learned 
carpentering  iind  joining.  He  enlisted  in  1861  in 
the  Second  Vermont  Infantry.  He  was  in  many 
of  the  prominent  conflicts,  having  his  gun  shat- 
tered into  fragments,  when  in  his  hands,  without 
being  wounded.  In  1864  he  was  discharged,  but 
after  a  quiet  life  of  two  months,  he  re-enlisted  in 
Company  E,  Seventh  Vermont,  and  served  until 
1865.  He  then  returned  to  Vermont  where  he 
speculated  in  real  estate  and  lumber;  thence  to 
Wisconsin,  where  he  traveled  for  a  wliolesale 
house.  He  located  in  Minneapolis  in  1877,  and 
has  since  been  dealing  in  sewing  machines.  He 
was  married  in  1866  to  Sarah  Scribner,  by  whom 
he  had  two  children.  His  wife  died  in  IS76.  His 
second  wife  v^as  Amelia  Loekwood,  of  this  city. 

George  II.  Rust  was  born  July  26th,  1839,  at 

Wolfsboro,  New  Hampshire.    He  attended  the 
40 


Academy  at  his  native  place,  also  at  Thetford, 
Vermont,  and  graduated  as  civil  engineer  from 
the  Kentucky  Military  Institute  near  Frankfort  in 
1856.  He  at  once  engaged  in  the  pursuit  of  his 
profession,  on  what  is  now  the  La  Crosse  division 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway. 
He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1857,  and  has  since 
made  this  place  his  home.  In  1863,  he  entered 
the  commissary  department  of  the  military  di- 
vision of  the  north-west,  wliere  he  remained  un- 
til 1865.  On  returning  to  this  city,  he  became  a 
partner  of  S.  C.  Gale,  and  soon  after  engaged 
alone  in  real  estate  and  insurance  business.  He 
married  Josephine  Varney,  of  Boston,  in  1865. 
They  have  one  diild,  Gertrude. 

Jolin  W.  Ryan  was  born  at  Syracuse,  New 
York,  May  31st,  1853.  He  came  to  Wisconsin 
when  one  year  old  witli  his  paients.  After  com- 
ing to  Minnesota,  he  farmed  f  ne  year,  then  was 
emj loyed  on  the  railroad  and  ran  a  train  three 
years,  then  surveyed  for  tlie  Cliicago  and  North- 
western railroad  five  years.  He  began  milling 
in  March,  1873  for  the  Pillsbury  company,  and 
has  remained  with  them  since.  He  married  Miss 
Mary  Rouike,  July  24tli,  1876.  Their  children 
are,  Anne  and  Josepli  W. 

Samuel  W.  Ryau,  of  the  firm  of  Ryan,  Wales 
and  Company,  was  born  at  Sharon,  Hillsborough 
county.  New  Hampshire,  November  24th,  1836. 
In  1854,  he  moved  to  California,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1856,  when  he  came  to  Minnesota 
and  took  a  claim  near  Litclifield.  Three  years 
later,  he  removed  to  Miami  county,  Indiana,  en- 
gaged in  farming  eiglit  years.  He  tlien  located  on 
a  farm  at  Brooklyn,  Hennepin  county,  Minnesota 
wliicli  he  still  ovv-iis.  In  1880,  lie  became  a  part- 
ner in  the  firm  of  Ryan  and  Wales,  in  which  he 
still  continues.  He  was  married  in  1859  to  Hat- 
tie  J.  Joslyn,  of  New  Hampshire.  They  have 
five  cliildren,  Mary  B.,  Marcellus  M.,  Hannah  J., 
Martha  C.  and  Clistie. 

John  Ryberg  is  a  native  of  Sweden,  bom  April 
18th,  1851.  He  came  to  America  in  1872,  and 
two  years  later  located  at  Minneapolis.  He 
worked  at  lumbering  four  years,  then  became  a 
memljer  of  the  firm  of  Ryberg  and  Company,  the 
firm  consisting  of  John  Ryberg,  A.  P.  Molin  and 
C.  Johnson.  They  liave  tlie  Stockholm  meat 
market  at  1410  Washington  Avenue  south,  estab- 
lished in  1876.    Mr.  Ryberg  was  married  in  1874 


ft9« 


lllSTfiRY  OF  HEXSKPiy  COUMV 


■  II.  »lio  lui«  bontc  I 
two.  Wolftnl  A..  ("Iwrii-s  t).  and 

A.  II.  t%«Hi4j«iry.  M.  D..  *a«  Jmni  at  rjinan- 
<l»>Bii«  <»iii»fi<i  ct«inl>.  New    Voik.  July  '--M. 

|K|4i.    ».r  •     •    •  "■    -i»t«- liiivfrsity  at 

MiiiliMii    ■  Iwn  Kt«iilio<l  mpdi- 

uilM.-il- 

:il    >l;i70 

Miititr  U  ikr<  iikin.  for  ■  lime:  UiMirmnp  to  Min- 

MiK-c  followcil 

..it<Hl  with  l)r 

A.    A    AiiMi.  mlf'ux  U\r  \tnn     J>r.  SsiliidMiryi* 

■     V        !|<t    AM'IIUC.       II'-    " '^ 

^rtoHiililn-n. 

(   Ni'W   Vdik.   wa. 

M<i\(<(l    to   lowji 

.  IMll.  oiliMMl   in   llic 

he  WHh  li<-iitciiaiit. 

>  I   wim  ciitcnMl  ('«i- 

iiM.     ill'  wait  ■■vfiitiiiilly  pni- 

"•    SHllfliiir)  rainclii  Miniii'- 

l<i«n.  ill  INTN.tllllllHIIMW 

.||.li.     Ilc>  liail 
• .  tliH"!'  ji-niT*. 
II  lilolianlNiin  l(*uk  place 
.  rliiKI.  Knil  H. 
II   III    riiihiilflpliia. 
iitf  lilK  iiallvc  pliic'f  lir 
<    i>.  tliril  niljovml  loCliloa- 
,   llif   liikiiiiiim-   IiiihIiii-n   Hvc 
'  '  llii>i  rilv.aiiil 
-     .:ij{loii    Avciiik' 
liuUrr,  cfTKo.  nninc,  cic. 
auJiitU  MM)  Ih-vliMiif  AVafcliinirtoii. 

W  «m»  Uoni  Frlinmr)  2AHi.  1K40. 

'  '  !ii-K  at  Mil- 

■   KhIIhth. 

-      tic  nt 

1,111  H\lvn- 

lait- 


lh> 

III  J 
II 


T»T»I«  I 


AM 


■I  (d.  rioiid.  Ktranm 


M.  laiil. 
i.>7K,  uIh-ii 


Rev.  Roliert  F.  Sample,  D.  D..  pastor  of  West- 
minstor  rimrcli.  MiiincajHilis.  was  bom  in  Corn- 
iiiR.  New  York.  Oclolier  liUh,  1S29.  His  niotlier 
(lii-d  wlicn  lie  was  quite  young.  He  spent  part  of 
his  iKiyliiMul  at  (uiu-va,  in  connection  witli  tlie 
Lyreiiin.  under  the  care  of  tlie  Ucv.  Mr.  French. 
AfUT  completing  his  academic  course,  he  entered 
.I«'lTers<in  Cdllese.  Pennsylvania,  Dr.  Robert  J. 
I!r«ki-iiriil(;e  lieinn  president.  Was  converted 
during  the  junior  year  in  college.  Ciradiuileil  in 
ISIfl.  Enteivd  the  Western  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  IhM.  During  the  senior  year,  was  called 
to  the  TirsI  I'reshytcrian  Church  of  :SIercer, 
I'l  niisylvania.     After  three  years  of  labor,  he  re- 

neil  the  charge,  and  accepted  a  call  to  Bedford 
111  .\piil.  IK.J<i.in  the  hope  that  the  mineral  water 
of  Hat  place  would  improve  his  declining  health. 
lie  n-mained  there  for  ten  yeare.  Still  influenced 
by  consiilei-atloiis  of  hejilth.  he  moved  to  Minne- 
apolis, to  the  supply  of  the  Andrew  Church, 
until  .March.  1W>K.  when  he  was  called  to  the 
Wistmiiisler  church.  The  cliurch  grew  under 
his  care  necessitating  an  ailililion  to  the  edi- 
lice.  which  was  made  in  the  siimnier  of  1870. 
The  .siime  year  he  made  a  trip  to  Kunipe.  his  peo- 
ple kindly  furnishing  the  money,  sailed  from  New 
Voik  in  .Iiine.  visiting  the  liolv  land  and  the  his- 
toric places  mentioned  in  the  Bilile,  returning  to 
his  church  and  people  in  December,  1H72.  Had 
a  severe  attack  of  congestion  of  the  lungs  the  fol- 
lowing .Iiine.  and  in  feeble  health  made  a  visit  to 
Colonido.  spi-iiding  most  of  the  summer  and  re- 
turning ill  Scptemlier.  His  health  not  being 
fully  established,  returned  to  Colorado  in  .lanu- 
ary,  \hli.  remaining  there  until  tlie  following 
May,  when  he  returned  to  his  chargeaiid  lias  per- 
formed full  ministerial  duty  ever  since.  A  few 
Sabbaths  after  his  return  from  Colonido  a  great 
revival  commenced,  continuing  for  nearly  a  year; 
abimt  sixty  additions  were  made  to  the  church  on 
profeHsloii  of  faith.  Was  called  twice  to  the  Seven- 
IciMilli  Htni'l  I'lnirch  and  afterwards  to  the  Cen- 
tral (■hiircb.  Colorado,  also  to  the  church  of 
Allegheny  City.  Among  his  many  literary  pro- 
•liictn  are  his  Memoirs  of  J.  C.  Thome,  pasl.ir  of 
line  htiTct  Presbyterian  Church.  St.  Louis.    Four 

■liiineH  for  Voiiiig  Christians,  piililislied  by  the 
I'nwbyteriaii  iKiard.  namely:  •'Kiuiuiring  the 
Way."  "Tlie  Alllicted,"  "Young  Christians"  and 
"ItidlgiiiiiH  DesiKiiidency."    On  the  Iwenty-fiftli 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


627 


anniversary  of  liis  marriage,  liis  parish  presented 
him  with  an  elegant  gold  watcli  and  chain,  the 
watch  elaborately  engraved.  At  tlie  marriage  of 
his  danghter  to  the  Rev.  J.  B.  Donaldson,  pastor 
of  the  Pre-sbyterian  Churcli  of  Hastings,  she  was 
presented  by  his  people  witli  a  large  quantity  of 
silver  ware,  many  articles  of  fnrnitiire  and  a 
beautiful  gold  watch  and  chain.  On  the  13th  of 
November,  1878,  she  was  married  in  her  father's 
church,  her  father  performing  the  ceremony.  Dr. 
Sample  married  Miss  Maiida  il.  Backen,  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  Backen  cf  C'annonsburgh,  Pennsyl- 
vania. They  have  five  children;  Mary  E.,  Anna 
J..  Robert  W.,  John  W..  and  Walter  B. 

W.  \V.  Satterlee,  pastor  of  the  Seventh  street 
M.  E.  Church,  was  born  at  Laporte,  Indiana,  in 
1837.  Moved  to  Stevenson  county,  Illinois,  then 
to  Richland  county,  Wisconsin:  converted  at  thir- 
teen; licensed  to  preach  at  nineteen;  ordained  at 
twenty-three,  preaching  in  Richland  county,  Wis- 
consin. He  came  to  Le  Sueur  county.  Minnesota, 
in  1863,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  medicine, 
doing  work  at  the  same  time  as  local  preacher. 
United  with  the  M.  E.  church  in  Waseca  in 
1867,  preached  there  for  three  years,  and  in  St. 
Cloud  two  years.  Then  to  the  First  M.  E. 
Church  in  Minneapolis  two  years,  in  the  mean- 
time completing  the  present  Seventh  street 
church.  In  1873  appointed  agent  of  the  Minne- 
sota Temperance  Union,  and  continued  the  work 
for  about  seven  years.  Married  December  24th, 
1856,  to  Miss  Sarah  Stout;  have  six  children: 
Mary  P.,  Clara  A.,  Willie  E.,  Fanny  O.,  PliiTbe 
A.,  and  Harry  B.  Is  an  earnest  worker  in  the 
temperance  cause,  a  keen  debater,  speaking  with 
great  power  and  effect.  He  obtained  about  50,- 
000  signers  to  the  pledge,  and  for  the  prosecution 
of  the  work  obtained  notes,  subscriptions  and 
collections  to  the  amount  of  S25,000,  and  was  the 
temperance  candidate  for  governor  in  1880. 

A.  Sanborn,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born  at 
Charleston  in  1853.  Learned  the  jeweler's  busi- 
ness at  Bangor,  and  worked  there  until  1877, 
when  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  in 
business  as  manufacturing  jeweler  and  watcli 
maker;  he  is  located  at  219  Nicollet  Avenue.  His 
wife  was  Mary  F.  Beebe,  whom  he  married  in 
1878;  she  has  borne  him  one  son,  Ralph  R. 

N.  W.  Savage,  born  May  loth,  1842,  at  Augusta, 
Maine.    At  the  age  of  eighteen,  he  went  to  Lew- 


iston  and  worked  in  the  cotton  mills  one  year.  In 
1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  Eighth  Maine  and  served 
until  1864;  the  next  year  he  went  to  Tennessee 
and  worked  for  the  government  in  building  the 
railroad  from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta;  he  then 
returned  to  Maine,  and  afterward  spent  one 
winter  in  Michigan.  He  was  at  Sacramento,  Cali- 
fornia, eleven  months,  and  in  Nevada  one  and 
one-half  years;  then  passed  about  fourteen 
months  in  Maine  again,  farming  and  in  the  gro- 
cery business.  In  1872.  he  came  here  and  en- 
gaged in  the  fish  trade  and  the  ice  business.  The 
winter  of  1875-6.  he  spent  in  Tennessee.  Now 
deals  in  new  and  second  hand  goods  of  all  kinds. 
He  married  in  1866,  Miss  E.  J.  Watson.  They 
have  one  son,  N.  W„  and  a  daughter,  E.  J. 

John  Savory,  a  native  of  Italy,  was  born  in 
1833.  Came  to  the  United  States  in  1855,  and  to 
this  city  in  1868;  the  first  year  after  arrival,  he 
worked  in  the  woods,  then  for  two  years  kept 
a  hotel  on  Main  street  near  Fourth  Avenue,  and 
four  years  at  the  corner  of  Main  street  and  Cen- 
tral Avenue.  In  1875,  he  Iniilt  the  Nicollet  Ave- 
nue Hotel,  No.  49  Central  Avenue;  it  is  32x32 
feet,  three-stories  high  and  basement. 

Albert  Schafers.  a  native  of  Prussia,  was  born 
September  13th,  1847.  Came  to  the  United 
States  in  1863,  and  was  two  years  in  a  commis- 
sion house  in  Nevi^  York;  he  then  removed  to 
Iowa  for  one  year,  thence  to  Rochester,  Minne- 
sota, and  in  1868,  to  this  city.  Was  employed  by 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway 
Company  until  1874:  he  built  a  store  at  1501 
Sixth  street  south,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in 
1880,  but  rebuilt  the  same  year;  he  now  has  a  bil- 
liard hall,  summer  garden,  and  very  pleasant 
bowling  alley.  In  October,  1867,  he  married 
Dina  Kleinsmith.    They  have  one  child,  John. 

Godfrey  Scheitlin  was  born  in  Switzerland, 
February  18th,  1821.  From  1841  until  1848,  he 
carried  on  a  very  extensive  business  in  the  manu- 
facture of  cotton  and  woolen  goods.  In  the 
spring  of  1848,  he  started  for  America;  located  in 
Cabell  county.  West  ^''irginia,  where,  in  1S56,  he 
received  his  naturalization  papers.  During  his 
stay  there,  he  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits. 
Came  to  Minneapolis  in  October,  1856  and  con- 
tinued the  same  business  about  three  jears,  then 
invested  in  the  ginseng  trade;  he  met  with  a  loss 
of  .f  108,000  in  1864,  and  in  1868  left  that  business 


B» 


in.sioi.y  OF  nEy^Eri.\  cvvmy. 


1  V  Uip  Miiinc- 
»,u  I  Jiiniiiir>  IWiO.tl'o  finiJ 

>    •■  • i/"«i,  mill 

HP  bus!- 

V..ik   111  !»■«;<  lo 

.Ml).    Tlii'>  «n'  llie 

.  rliililivn.  only  tiiiw^of  wliom  are 

(IimVh  SrliPif.  «  nnlivp  of  (ipnnaiiy.  was  bom 

In  IWMJ.    (■«nip  lo  Aniprira  in  lK.-,4.an<l  n-siiled 

-     ■    V    ■■    ^■(l|■k  city;   llipn  removed  to 

II,  «lipre  lie  livpil  nine  years. 

<■  <if  \UlXf  \e;n>  ill  SI.  I'aiil, 

.lii»  rity.     lie   niaimfarliires 

(•mtpU.  and  raitkn.    Mr.  Sclierf  niarrietl.  in 

Tlie\    have  four  cliildren. 

.-  iN.ni   KerctiilHr  2Mli.  IHIit. 

in  Ihp  ftnie  of  New  Voik.  and  grew  to  maiiliood 

r  '■  '       -i-d   at  Hooliesler  riiiversity, 

•■rnl  >  I'ars  in  his  native  state. 

'   Inn-,  and  went  into  the  conimis- 

.    .will  Waki-lleld  and  CoHiiKiliy.     In 

iin  wan  rlianir<><l  to  Seolield  and  liee- 

■   hai>  Imh'Ii  in  the  proreiy  hiis- 

1  ..•.  Ahliie  Ilixiun.of  Warien, 

Tlieli  marriain'  took  [ilarp  in  1  S7o.    They 

ai<  :  •  '  ;|,|,  |lii\n)ond. 

U  :  II  III  (ieiniany.  and  em- 

•  d  Mall-*  III  1S71!.     Ik  a  iner- 

,  ...le  of  liliMliesh  iM'iliK  No.  IIX 

'al   Avptiup.     Mr.  Srharf    was  married   in 
lian  tMinie  him  two 


a  iialivp  of  Kw'fl7^Tland,  was  iKini 

■  a  In  |H7<,  and  HvchI  at 
>\H.    one    and    one-lialf 

lie  teiiio\ed  lo  loua.  where 

■  ivii  «<iittiiie4-r  for  nearly  four 

'-MtnelothiitrilylnKeli.  INMl 

I  iiirleenlh 

iiery  and 

■  manini  Maiy  I'mlwU 
in  IMfl. 

It  four 

In  IBTS  he  rame  hen"  for 

"d  to  MrlxNMl  roiinty. 

'  aUiiit  elirhln-ii  inonthN, 

t  at  his 

^IK-nl  tJie 

WtigUt  <if  iinip  In  Mrlxjod  ouunly,  «rt<T 


I..     V  ;, 


M 


Aflel  •  I 


which  he  relnmed  to  Minneapolis,  and  opened  a 
iKikery  at  the  eonier  of  Washiiijiton  and  Seventh 
Avenues  soiilli.  In  Octoher.  It^To.  he  married 
.\iar\  Mayer.  She  has  borne  him  three  children, 
two  of  whom  are  living. 

John  A.  Sehleiier.  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
was  Imrn  February  24th.  1.S5(!,  at  I'hiladelpbia. 
Since  18.57  he  has  l)een  aresident  of  Minneapolis. 
After  leaviiiR  school.  Mr.  Schlener  worked  for  the 
well-known  lirm  of  lieaii.  Wales  and  Company, 
dealers  in  books  and  stationery.  In  187H  he  be- 
came a  partner,  and  in  August  of  the  year  follow- 
ing the  firm  sold  their  business  to  Kirkbride  and 
Whitalh  Mr.  Schlener  is  in  the  employ  of  the  new 
company. 

Paul  Schmedeman  was  born  .hiiie  7tl),  1855,  at 
.\Ia<iison.  Wisconsin.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in 
March,  1H79,  and  worked  a  while  in  the  cigar- 
manufacturing  busine.ss.  He  was  afterward  em- 
ployed by  Daily  and  Keed.proprietoraof  the  place 
he  now  runs,  having  bought  of  them  in  Xovem- 
ber,  1880;  it  is  a  sample  room  and  billiard  hall  at 
205  NMcollet  Avenue. 

<;.  Schober.  a  native  of  Germany,  moved  to 
MiniK-apolis  in  1855,  and  has  been  in  the  milling 
business  since  1861.  He  is  one  of  the  owners  of 
the  Phnenix  mill,  a  description  of  which  may  be 
seen  elsewhere  in  this  work.  Married,  in  1866, 
Mary  (ioehringer.  Their  live  children  are:  Carl, 
John,  Mary,  William  and  Edward. 

llev.  J.  Schneider,  pastor  of  the  First  (Jerraan 
Methodist  Kpiscojial  (^liurcli.  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  August  11th, 
I84H.  Moved  to  Culena,  Illinois,  resided  there 
two  years,  removing  to  Platteville,  Wisconsin, 
where  he  received  his  education;  converted  at 
twelve  years,  joined  the  church,  and  was  elected 
KUjK'rintendent  of  the  Sunday-school  at  twenty. 
ICntereil  the  army  as  soon  as  his  age  would  per- 
mit. Knlisted  in  the  Korly-seventh  Wisconsin, 
remaining  with  his  regiment  for  a  short  time, 
tliPii  <letaile<l  to  the  general  headiinartere,  remain- 
ing there  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  18'>G, 
married  .Miss  Metha  Schneider,  anil  moved  to 
('liarleH  City,  Iowa;  joined,  by  letter,  the  (ierman 
Methodist  Kjiiscopal  Church  ;  elected  Sunday- 
im'IkmiI  superintendent,  holding  the  iiosition  for 
nearly  three  years.  Ilewa.sa  licensed  exhorler, 
then  liK-al  preacher,  sliirting  out  as  a.ssistant  to 
the  jWHtor  in  cliarge  of  the  Charles  City  mission, 


BIOGEAPHICAL. 


629 


which  comprised  five  counties.  In  the  fall  of 
18G9  was  appointed  to  Rush  Creek  and  Jewell's 
Prairie,  Illinois,  remaining  there  three  years, 
doubling  the  membership,  building  a  church  and 
paying  for  it.  Was  then  appointed  to  Fort  Dodge 
for  one  year  and  Aldeu  two  years;  transferred  to 
St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  where  lie  built  a  church  and 
parsonage,  and  largely  increased  tlie  member- 
ship. Stationed  at  East  Minneapolis  for  two 
years,  and  from  there  to  his  present  charge. 

John  Schflckweiler  was  born  in  Luxembourg, 
September  17th,  1821.  Is  a  self-educated  man, 
having  attended  school  but  tlu'ee  months.  In 
1852  he  emigrated  to  Detroit,  Michigan,  and  in 
1854  came  to  Minneapolis;  he  was  the  second  man 
here  engaged  in  the  lime  business.  His  location 
at  present  is  16  Third  street  south;  he  deals  in 
lime,  hair,  cement  etc.  His  lirst  wife  was  Anna 
Nercyer,  who  died  in  1854;  they  had  one  daugh- 
ter. Ilis  present  wife  was  Louisa  Maude;  tliey 
have  no  children. 

Joseph  Schulenburg  came  to  Minneapolis  m 
1866.  Kept  the  Pacific  House  two  years,  then 
engaged  in  farming  the  same  length  of  time  in 
Rice  county;  he  afterwards  worked  a  farm  in 
Plymouth  two  years,  thence  to  St.  Anthony  where 
for  eiglit  years  he  was  proprietor  of  a  boarding- 
house.  Since  November  1st,  1880,  he  has  kept 
the  Medina  House,  previous  to  wliicli  lie  ran  tlie 
Hennepin  House.  In  1851  he  married  JIargaret 
Baker.  Their  cliildren  are  Mathew,  Caspar  and 
Lizzie. 

Fred  Schroder,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born 
November  24th,  1834.  Came  to  America  in  1853 
and  located  at  Manitowoc,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
resided  until  1876,  when  he  removed  to  Califor- 
nia. In  July,  1880,  Mr.  Schroder  carae  to  this 
city,  and  engaged  in  the  meat  business  at  403 
Plymouth  Avenue.  He  was  married  in  186G  to 
Miss  D.  Inkenky. 

Henry  Schiilze.  a  native  of  Germany,  was  horn 
January  2Stli.  1842.  Cani°  to  America  in  infan- 
cy, and  lived  until  18-59  at  Chicago,  Illinois;  he 
th  n  removed  to  St.  Paul  and  worked  at  tlie  m"at 
business  there  about  five  years.  In  1864  he  came 
to  this  city  and  start'^'d  a  meat  market,  wliicli  he 
sold  in  April.  1880,  to  L.  W.  Neudeck,  but  still 
retains  his  position  as  manager  of  the  business. 
In  1875  he  married  the  widow  of  the  late  Louis 
Neudeck  of  Minneapolis. 


Henry  H.  Scott  was  born  in  Penobscot  county, 
Maine,  September,  1846.  Lived  on  a  farm  with 
his  parents  until  the  age  of  twenty  years.  In 
1863  he  enlisted  in  the  First  Maine  Heavy  Ar- 
tillery; served  two  years,  engaged  in  thirty-two 
battles  and  was  twice  wounded.  Came  here  in 
1866,  and  has  since  been  in  tlie  lumber  busi- 
ness. He  is  also  proprietor  of  the  Cottage  House, 
on  Second  Avenue  north.  In  1874  he  married 
Josie  Fashant.  W^illiam  Henry  is  their  only  child. 

I.  C.  Seeley  was  born  January  22d,  1833,  in 
Allegan  county,  ilichigan.  When  seventeen 
years  of  age  he  attended  Richland  Seminary.  Kal- 
amazoo county,  and  afterward  taught.  Enlisted 
in  the  Fourth  Michigan  Cavalry,  and  served 
three  years,  being  in  fifty-seven  different  engage- 
ments; was  held  a  prisoner  of  war  over  five 
months,  nearly  three  months  of  the  time  at  An- 
dersonville,  and  is  a  living  witness  of  the  horrors 
of  that  prison-pen.  After  the  war  he  prepared 
for  college  at  Kalamazoo,  then  went  to  Olivet 
and  graduated  from  the  college  there  in  1868;  he 
also  graduated  in  law  at  Ann  Arljor  in  1871,  and 
was  in  the  office  of  Severance  and  Burrows  of 
that  city  until  1872,  when  he  came  here  and  has 
since  been  in  the  real  estate  and  insurance  busi- 
ness. In  1876  he  married  Julia  M.  Willard.  She 
has  borne  him  one  cliild:  Editli. 

Henry  E.  Selden,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  was 
born  August  4tli,  1835,  at  Portland.  When  five 
years  of  age  he  moved  to  New  Haven,  and  resided 
there  until  1860,  wlien  he  came  to  St.  Paul,  and 
two  years  later  removed  to  Minneapolis;  he  has 
been  very  suciessfnl  in  his  business  of  contract- 
ing and  buikUng.  Mr.  Selden  enlisted  in  the 
Sixth  Minnesota  Volunteers  in  1862;  he  was 
through  the  Indian  war,  the  regiment  marching 
3,200  miles,  and  was  in  tlie  service  until  1865. 
On  his  return  he  built  his  present  residence  at 
14  Tenth  strtet  sontli.  Ili.'^.  wifo  was  Eleanor 
Stev.'iis,  wlioni  he  married  in  1860.  Tliey  are 
tlie  parents  of  seven  children:  Lewis.  Emma, 
Mabel.  Frank,  Kittie,  Eleanor,  and  Henry. 

George  Sermon,  veterinary  surgeon,  graduated 
at  Edinburgh.  April  23d.  1S62;  at  the  Royal  Col- 
Ipge  of  Veterinary  Surgeons.  April  30th,  1862, 
and  has  a  diploma  from  each.  In  1869  he  moved 
to  Montreal.  Canada,  and  followed  his  profession 
there  nine  years.  Since  November,  1878.  he  lias 
been  in  practice  in  Minneapolis. 


6M 


njsTvnr  OF  sEyyEPiN  coumt. 


-li«w.  editor  of  the  Evening 

KxrtiT.  IVnoliscot  county, 

11.     His  iMiniit-s  nniovid  to 

I.  lllinoiH.  in  Uic  fall  of  ItSI.  and  in  that 

'  .xmI.  nTcivinB  his 

l^  <if  that   plaoe. 

Ilavins  lr«nM-d  tin-  pnntinB  tnidi-  he  made  his 

(     ■    •         .1*  ventiifv  in    li-fi^  jmrrhasitip   the 

I  (iraiit   omntv.   AVilnei-K.    which   he 

fully    until    l"-!)". 

J     .  :\-tliiiil  Wisronsiii 

Inlantn .  »*»  elertwl  cajitain  of  comiwny  B,  and 

^,     .  ;,iM'  of  the  war.  ifcciviuR  a  com 

,  I   in   is(i4.     Ill   IMii  ho  ciinie  to 

Mltinr«|>olik.  Mnd  was  made  e<litor-in-clii<f  of  the 

%•  '  »   MoniliiR  Tiiliiine.     That   iMisition 

r  lline   \car»  ami    then  rcHJcned  on 

In   the  Mininicr  of  1^70 

...!...•    J  .   ,.'.  KveniiiR  Niws*.  which  was 

»t  dull)  pvenlnj:  n«-wiipai>er,  n-ceiving  tele- 

i.'iitcil  ill  this  city.     In  June, 

\(w^.  iiiid   n  iimvi'd   to   Hay 

<'ll>.  Mlrhluan,  whi-ie  he  waH  em|ilo)('d  for  live 

■ :  fcr  of  the  I)ail>   Tril)- 

iiiig  to  MiiiiieiiiioliK  in 
.Ml.  Sli.-iw  |iiir<'h:iH'il  :iii  in- 

;, ijg  Tiibiine.  n-niaincd  with 

liiat  iMixTM*  writinir  editor  until  May  IkI.  188U, 

Trlhune  kIocU  and 

1  icn-ht  ill  the  Kveii- 

.1.     Mr.  Slinw-  wan  nianiid  S'lilenilK-r 

•      '■         ■       1    K.   .loiicN.  of  Detniit, 

<«iiiH  iiiiil  oiii>  diinuliter. 

J    "  ;ii>  Imni  lici'i'tiilH-r   IMli.  Ih:<:t,  in 

I-.  ^    Mtiliii'.     W  iiN  ol  mated  at  H\e- 

lii  the  Kpringof  1H,VJ  he 

I  ill  CotlaKc  (irtive. 

•  l|^.   white  he  wim 

M  vrii  jmirk,  nti|ilu)i<ii  m  Iwok  ke<-|HT  in  a  mer- 

■      .ill  n-adiiiK  law  and 

,\.  I..  I'liiiiiniiigH. 

■  Miiiniiie  court  of 

'  ...>  haiitilll  IMtj.when 

u      lie   rntlMed   in   the 

ml 

.      .    '  '    .  -."I  in 

' .  Uim  ««il  KHitli  in  1H08  and 

'  d  out  a» 

'  i-ame  to 

Mtunr«4inlwwKl  hu  Mnrp  tj«<en  engaged  in  Uic 


practice  of  his  profession  here,  He  is  a  member 
of  the  law  firm  of  Shaw,  Levi  and  Cray.  In  Sep- 
tember, lMi4.  he  married  Ellen  A,,  daughter  of 
Dr.  .1.  S.  Elliot  of  this  city, 

r,  W,  Sliallo,  a  native  of  Warren,  Oliio,  was 
born  in  Xovtmber,  1840.  At  the  age  of  ten  years 
he  accompanied  his  parents  to  Minnesota,  and 
followed  farming  "iitil  18G8,  when  lie  enlisted  in 
the  Firet  Minnesota  Volunteers,  and  served  until 
the  expiration  of  liis  term  of  ser\'ice.  Tlien 
worked  al  freighting  from  Omaha  to  Denver  un- 
til ISliO,  when  he  came  to  this  city  and  was  em- 
ployed by  (iouhi  and  Company,  the  pioneer  agri- 
cultural implement  firm,  until  engaging  in  busi- 
n(s.s  for  liimself.  in  1872  he  married  Miss  Sarah 
Tiiikliam,  in  Mimieapolis.    Tlicy  liave  one  child. 

Jolm  AV.  Sherwood  was  liorn  December  17th, 
1K17.  at  Loudon,  England.  Learned  tlie  book- 
binder's trade  in  liis  native  i)lace  and  e;mie  to 
America  in  1848;  he  resided  in  New  York  four 
years,  and  three  years  in  Connecticut,  thence  to 
WiKidstock:  Canada.  December,  1855,  he  came 
to  Minneaiiolis  and  estalilislicd  tlie  llrst  book 
bindery  in  llie  city ;  he  docs  edge  gilding  and  all 
kinds  of  work  pertaining  to  his  business,  ilis 
wife  was  Luciiida  .Marston.  The  chiMren  born 
to  them  were:  l,m-y..Iolin.  Hacbel,  Heul)cn..Iohii, 
Nelson,  Cedric.  .Mary  anil  Xaonii ;  four  of  these 
have  passed  away. 

M.  H.  .Sherwood,  sou  of  tlie  above,  was  born  in 
I.,oiidon,  England,  Sejitember  V2lh,  1846.  Came 
to  tlie  I'nited  States  in  1848.  and  in  lS(i")  to  Min- 
neapolis, lie  commenced  tlic  nianufiicture  of 
pajHT  boxes  in  ls7i;  and  was  the  tirsl  in  the  city 
to  make  a  sjiecialty  of  that  line  of  work  ;  lie  is 
now  doing  a  large  business  at  123  and  125  Xicol- 
let  Avenue.  Mr.  Sherwood  was  married  in  May. 
1877,  to  .Iiilla  .Aiiilcrsonof  Iowa.  They  have  one 
child,  Frederick. 

Sheiburne  and  White  are  proprietors  of  the 
Windsor  House,  located  on  Wasliinglon  Avenue, 
at  the  coriicr  of  First  Avenue  uorlli.  The  build- 
ing is  owned  by  L.  L.  Cook ;  it  was  erected  by 
W.  F.  Ilanscom  in  1867;  it  lias  a  frontage  of 
Kixty-six  feet  on  Washington  Avenue  anil  a  (lc|itli 
of  one  liiiiidrcd  feet ;  the  liouse  is  three  stories 
liigli  anil  (here  are  fifty-fom  iimius.  Messrs. 
Sheiliiiiiie  anil  White  leased,  lellltcil  and  refiir- 
nlhhid  the  hoiiM';  they  are  old  and  popular  liotel 
men  who  ulways  endeavor  to  jilea.se  their  guests. 


BIOGRArmCAL. 


631 


B.  P.  Sliuler,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was 
born  September  13th,  1829,  in  Lycoming  county. 
Came  to  tliis  city  in  1852,  and  nas  employed  as 
mill-wriglit  until  1871,  when  for  two  years  he  en- 
gaged in  the  milling  business,  in  company  with 
Mr.  Ilineline,  at  the  Richfield  mills.  lie  went 
to  California  in  1873,  returned  the  following  year, 
and  went  into  business  at  the  Arctic  mill,  under 
the  (irm  name  of  Ilobart,  Shuler  and  Company. 
In  1803  _Mr.  Shuler  married  Abbie  E.  Tidd,  of 
Minneapolis. 

R.  G.  Shuler,  born  at  Williamsport,  Pennsylva- 
nia, in  1827.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  com- 
menced learning  the  trade  of  mill-wright,  at  which 
he  worked  in  his  native  state  until  1853,  when  he 
went  to  Indiana,  and  resided  one  year;  then  re- 
moved to  Alinnesota,  and  lived  at  Anoka,  farm- 
ing, building,  and  in  the  livery  business,  until 
1864.  He  then  accompanied  Fisk's  Indian  expe- 
dition to  the  plains.  Since  lf-66  he  has  lived  in 
this  city,  engaged  in  the  mill-wriglit  and  building 
business,  having  assisted  in  erecting  some  of  the 
principal  mills  here.  In  1859  he  married  Lucretia 
Foster,  of  Maine.  Their  children  are  :  Alfred, 
Harry,  and  Florence. 

Frederick  Sievers,  pastor  of  Trinity  Lutheran 
Church,  was  born  in  Frankeidust,  Saginaw 
county.  Michigan,  June  21st,  1852.  Received  his 
early  education  from  his  father  at  home.  After 
conlirmatinn  he  went  to  Concordia  College.  Fort 
Wayne,  Indiana,  in  1866.  where  he  remained  un- 
til 1872.  In  the  same  year  lie  went  to  St.  Louis, 
and  entered  tlie  Concordia  Tlieological  Seminary, 
graduating  June  29th,  1875.  August  29th,  same 
year,  was  ordained  at  St.  Charles,  Missouri,  re- 
maining there  as  assistant  pastor  until  1859,  when 
he  received  a  call  from  this  church.  He  is  the 
son  of  Rev.  F.  Sievers,  who  organized  the  con- 
gregation in  1856. 

P.  Simonson,  a  native  of  Norway,  was  born  in 
1841.  Emigrated  to  America  in  1866,  and  located 
in  Minneapolis  the  same  year.  He  was  four 
years  employed  in  the  car-shops,  and  two  years 
stair-building  for  J.  Harrison.  In  1872  he  com- 
menced business  for  himself,  building  stairs  and 
raihngs.  His  establishment  is  the  only  one  of 
the  kind  in  the  city,  and  he  has  been  very  suc- 
cessful. He  was  married  in  February,  1873,  to 
Alarlha  Anderson.  They  are  the  parents  of  tliree 
children.    Mr.   Simonson's  residence  and  stair- 


building  shop  are  at  1006  Washington  Avenue 
south. 

C.  M.  Skinner,  M.  D.,  was  born  at  Waukesha, 
Wisconsin,  in  March.  1841.  He  was  educated  in 
his  native  county,  afterward  studied  medicine  and 
graduated  from  Rush  Medical  College,  Chicago, 
in  1876.  For  one  aijd  one-half  years  he  was 
house  surgeon  of  the  Cook  County  Hospital  at 
Chicago;  then  practiced  at  Hartford,  Wisconsin, 
about  fifteen  months,  and  since  June,  1878,  has 
been  in  practice  in  Minneapolis.  •  Dr.  Skinner  re- 
sides at  1001  Washington  Avenue  south.  His 
maiTiage  witli  Calista  Ro well,  of  Wisconsin,  oc- 
curred in  1863.    They  have  one  daughter. 

L.  J.  Skinner  was  born  at  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
April  4th,  1853.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was 
employed  as  clerk  in  the  dry  goods  establishment 
of  E.  IT.  Van  Ingen  ami  Company,  of  New  York 
city,  and  remained  till  1879,  when  he  came  here 
and  engaged  in  the  paint  business,  as  dealer  and 
contractor,  firm  name  of  Adams  and  Skinner. 
After  a  few  months  he  bought  Mr.  Adams"  inter- 
est and  continued  alone  nearly  a  year,  wiien  he 
became  associated  with  W.  W.  Sly,  and  the  man- 
ufacture of  paints  was  added  to  the  business. 
Their  works  are  on  Nicollet  Island.  Mr.  Skinner 
married  Elizabeth  M.  Bradley,  in  1879.  They 
have  had  one  child,  who  died  in  infancy. 

O.  B.  Skinner,  a  native  of  New  York,  was  bom 
August  3d,  1844.  in  Essex  county.  Learned  the 
drug  business  at  Elmira.  New  York,  went  to  Kan- 
sas in  1869.  and  was  in  business  there  about  two 
years,  then  resided  in  Vermont  till  1876.  Since 
that  time  he  has  been  in  the  drug  trade  at  Minne- 
apolis, with  very  profitable  results.  He  occupies 
the  wliole  of  the  building  where  he  is  at  presftit 
located,  1121  Wasliington  Avenue  north.  In 
1870,  he  married  Miss  C.  L.  Baldwin,  of  Waverly, 
New  York.  Of  tlieir  four  children  only  one  sur- 
vives: Clara.  Mrs.  Skinner  died  August  1st.  1880. 

Thomas  Sloan,  a  native  of  Preble,  Cortland 
county.  New  York,  was  born  in  1857.  When  a 
babe  he  came  with  his  parents  to  St.  Anthony, 
and  at  tlie  age  of  eleven  went  to  work  in  the  mills 
of  Minneapolis.  For  the  past  seven  years  he  has 
been  employed  at  the  Cataract  mill.  Mr.  Sloan 
is  an  unmarried  man,  and  lives  with  his  parents 
at  No.  2  First  Avenue  south. 

William  Wesley  Sly  was  born  July  9tli,  1848, 
in  Oakland  county,  Michigan.      At  the  age  of 


W2 


JJJUWlii   OF  nEM\EPJN  C0UN2Y. 


dxtem  bewwil  tow«.aii<i  lieforc  In-  was  twcnty- 
,,.  .  ^      -    .        :miiniiavii:nl«'<l  tlio   plobe. 

1 1 ,  wn  \ cars,  ciiBJiKcd  in  paint- 

,.  •]  a   imtiirnl   .-iliility;  from 

II \ .  Asia,  ^j»^l  lixiia.Cliina, 

Mid  «M  in  Um-  Ali>NMiiiaii  rx|M-<liUon   with  mip- 
I  .  •;    llic   time   KiiiR 

•J  u'tiinii'd  to  Ikini- 

\m\.  ainltlMPf  «Mit  on  Uianl  the  (inat   Kastini, 
1.,  "        ni<(l   in  tlie  late  war,  and 

;,'  .III),  lie  asaiii  went  to  sea. 

I:  •    liiiK:Me.s.s   ill  De- 

|.  .  Ihu  exception  of 

I  .to   liiiliith.   in  wliich  he  was 

f  -  life,  until   1H7S. 

w  iM(l  liHik  tliartie  of 

Uie   Mtnnrwita    KinM-ml    Oil    Company  b  paint 
,.  •     iKs<t  he  Jormeil  a  partnership  with  L. 

J  Viiown  an  the   MinneaiMilis  Liquid 

paint   '  lie   niani<-<l.   in  June,    ItShO, 

Uai-\. ► 1  Hev.  L.  1).  l{n»wn  of  «t.  I'aul. 

('.   II.  Snuul.  llohKt,    !>\l    i^ixtcentli  Avenue 
K  iMvi-  of    KiiKland.  and 

w  .at  l^oiidon.     In  isuis 

lir  DKivnl   lu  the  wtAtr  of  New    York,  where  he 

•  •     ■        -MnK.  until    IH7I; 

:  in   Miiinea|Hilis. 

ug  at  Uiit  tnule,  he  liaH  eiiKaged 

of  plants  anil  llowerii,  and  has 

i  HK  In  that  enterpriiie.    He  ninr- 

III  of  Ignition.    Their 

■  »ay. 

,  wan  Imni  in  the  town  of  I>ee, 

'■     ■     'I  an  a<'jiili-iiiii'  ed- 

Ciiiiie  to  Min- 

'•  III  Jutif.  iKiT.iind  liH-ate<l 

the  (lint  earlier  Ixiy  of  the 

>:.«  dally  |Hi|ier  Kliirtc<l  in 

('rolTiit  and  Clark,  in 

\U>-    priiit4-ri»  trade. 

.11  cif  Uip   i  li  depailnieiil  in 

•dwith 

«  1  HIT  and 

llie  MInneaiHillN  Daily 

■     iiierifed   into 

l»aily  TnlM 

■  •  ■  liil  HiiiNTln- 

1'  ,  111  of  tliat  In- 

i<«  he  contintieil  until  Aii- 

t;u<il,  1*''),  »li<ii   lic  lunn(<d  a  iiailneiKhip  with 


Chas.  W.  Johnson  in  the  job  printing  business. 
Is  now  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Johnson,  Smith 
and  Hiirrison,  the  printers  of  this  history.  He 
has  been  an  active  member  of  the  masonic  fra- 
leniity.  having  served  three  years  as  Master  of 
Cataract  l^odge  No.  2,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  during 
which  time  their  new  hall  was  built.  Has  also 
Ix-cii  High  I'riestof  St.  Anthony  Falls  Royal  Arch 
Chapter  No.  3.  Thrice  Illustrious  Master  of  Adon- 
irani  Council  Xo.  5,  and  Eminent  Commander  of 
Darius  Commandery  No.  7,  of  this  city.  Is  also 
a  Scottish  Hite  Mason.  AVas  elected  Alderman 
of  the  liflh  ward  in  the  spring  of  187S,  for  two 
yeais.  AVas  re-elected  in  the  sprmg  of  1880  for 
three  years,  and  on  the  organization  of  the  city 
council,  was  m.ide  its  vice-i>resideut.  Was  elec- 
ted president  of  the  city  council  at  its  organiza- 
tion in  1881,  which  iwsition  he  now  holds.  Was 
married  in  December  1868  to  a  daughter  of  Henry 
Sinclair.    Has  two  children. 

Alhee  .Smith,  born  November  25th,  ]84o,  at 
Orange.  Massachusetts.  Attended  the  graded 
schools  of  Cambridge  and  in  1863,  entered  the 
I'nivei-sity  of  Chicago;  the  next  year  he  went  to 
Middlebury  College;  during  the  two  years  he 
was  there,  he  read  law  with  Sandford  B.  Perry  and 
Walker.  Dexter  and  Smith.  He  returned  to  Chi- 
cago, entered  the  law  school,  and  in  1867,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Ottawa,  Illinois.  Came 
to  Minnea))olis  the  same  year  and  opened  a  law 
ollii-e  in  conijiany  with  M.  D.  L.  CoUester.  In 
|N7l,lie  returned  to  Chicago,  but  was  burned  out 
during  the  great  conflagration,  and  coming  again 
to  Minnea|iolis.  has  since  continued  in  his  pro- 
fession here.  He  niairied  Mollie  McClelland  in 
IH7(i.  Their  cliililicn  are,  Robert.  .UImc  and 
Oivell. 

C.  H.  Smith,  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  was 
born  .lune  Jdth,  lH5i»,  at  Salisbury,  Resided 
tlii'ie  until  1877,  when  he  came  here  and  worked 
for  the  llrni  of  Smith  and  Day,  the  former  being 
a  brother  of  his.  In  Septeinbei',  1.S7S,  lie  became 
a  nienilierof  the  linn  of  Smith  and  Miller;  they 
deal  in  hardware  at  \i'M  Sixth  Avenue  south. 

Charles  W.  Smith,  born  November  14lli.  1848, 
at  (ireeiiville,  Illinois.  Moved  with  his  i>aients  to 
I'hiladelphia.  I'ennsylvania,  and  attended  school 
there  until  ISKii,  when  he  went  to  Europe,  and 
entered  the  Liverpool  Free  College;  he  graduated 
in  1HU5,  uiid  then  traveled  through   Kurope.     In 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


633 


1866,  he  crossed  the  isthmus  and  went  to  Ciilcutta, 
India,  from  Madras.     Returned  to  America  in 

1867,  and  from  here  visited  Buenos  Ayres  in  tlie 
ship  Kossutli,  in  which  lie  was  part  owner,  and  was 
pay-master  of  the  first  raih-oad  built  in  the  Ar- 
gentine Confederation  in  1868.  He  tooli  diarge 
of  a  steamer  wliich  went  to  the  relief  of  a  Welch 
colony  in  Patagonia,  and  returned  overland  to 
Buenos  Ayres,  from  where  he  made  a  trip  on 
horse  back  across  the  Andes  to  Chili,  returning 
through  Paraguay  and  Brazil,  thence  homeward 
in  1870.  Since  that  time  he  has  be^  engaged 
in  teaching  in  Minnesota.  In  1873,  he  moved  to 
this  city,  and  in  1875  was  appointed  superinten- 
dent of  schools,  and  was  elected  to  the  office  in 
1877,  and  re-elected  in  1879.  Mr.  Smitli  married 
Electa  Hawkins  in  1872.  Arthur  Garfield  is  their 
only  child.  The  have  an  adopted  son  Benjamin 
W. 

E.  M.  Smith,  a  native  of  Michigan,  was  born 
February  10th,  1843,  at  Pontiac.  Moved  to  Wi- 
nona, Minnesota,  in  1867,  and  for  three  years  was 
engineer  on  the  Winona  and  St.  Peter  railroad. 
In  1870,  he  came  to  this  city  and  ran  an  engine 
two  years  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St. 
Paul  railway.  Since  the  Union  Planing  Mills 
started,  he  has  been  employed  there  as  engineer. 
His  wife  was  Effie  Jones;  their  marriage  occurred 
in  March,  1869;  Burtie,  Daisy,  Roy  and  Ida,  are 
their  children. 

George  Smith,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  was  born 
July  25th,  1856,  in  Walworth  comity.  Went  to 
Winona,  Minnesota,  in  1875,  and  two  years 
later  removed  to  Minneapolis.  He  is  now  em- 
ployed as  miller  at  tlie  Osborne  feed  mill.  His 
address  is  616  Fifth  street  north-east. 

George  Smith,  born  in  Picton  county,  Xova 
Scotia,  September  6th,  1816.  First  engaged  in 
the  business  of  hides,  tallow,  pelts,  etc.,  at  Chi- 
cago, in  1870,  and  afterwards  with  prominent 
firms  at  Milwaukee  and  Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin. 
In  1875  he  was  employed  as  salesman  for 
Oberne,  Ilosick  and  Company,  of  this  city,  103  and 
105  Second  street  south,  and  has  been  promoted 
to  manager. 

George  F.  Smith,  was  born  at  Salisbiu-y,  New 
Hampshire,  September  1st,  1842.  Enlisted  in 
1862  in  the  Sixteenth  New  Hampsliire  Infantry, 
and  served  one  year.  On  being  mustered  out, 
in  1863,  he  came  to  Miimeapolis,  but  the  next 


year  went  south  to  work,  and  laid  the  first  sill  of 
the  Cumberland  hospital,  at  Nashville.  He  re- 
turned in  1865,  and  worked  in  the  hardware 
business  for  J.  S.  Pillsbury,  until  starting  for 
himself  in  1872;  the  firm  of  Smith  and  Scribner 
dates  from  May,  1876.  Mr.  Smith  married  Miss 
Connor  of  this  city,  in  1867.  Their  children  are: 
George,  Ralph  and  Cyrus. 

J.  R.  Smith,  a  native  of  Salisbury,  New  Hamp- 
shire, was  born  April  21st,  1851.  Since  1871  he 
has  been  a  resident  of  Minneapolis.  lie  w'orked 
for  George  F.  Smith  four  years,  and  in  1876, 
entered  into  partnership  with  Mr.  Day  in  the 
hardware  business.  Mr.  Smith's  marriage  with 
Leonora  Day  took  place  in  1875.  Tliey  are  the 
parents  of  two  children;  J.  R.,  and  Rena.  They 
reside  at  9b5,  Seventh  Avenue  south. 

J.  A.  Smith,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born  in 
1850.  He  accompanied  his  parents  to  America 
in  1855,  and  removed  to  Minneapolis  in  1874; 
since  that  time  has  been  engaged  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  barrels,  and  is  now  president  of  the  Co- 
operative Barrel  Company. 

Jason  W.  Smith,  was  born  October  23d,  1840, 
in  Penobscot  county,  Maine.  Remained  on  his 
fatjier's  farm  till  1860,  when  he  went  to  Bangor, 
and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  In  July, 
1870,  he  removed  to  this  city  and  clerked  in  a 
grocery  store  three  years,  then  went  into  the 
grocery  trade  at  101  Central  Avenue,  in  partner- 
ship with  W.  W.  Ilawes.  His  wife  was  Emma 
Maxim;  they  were  married  in  1865.  Of  their 
four  children,  thi-ee  are  living:  George,  Edith 
and  Jessie. 

Theodore  W.  Smith,  a  native  of  New  York 
city,  was  born  August  25th,  1860.  Commenced 
working  at  milling  in  1874,  at  Ashland,  Ohio ;  re- 
moved to  this  city  in  October,  1878,  and  was  em- 
ployed one  year  at  the  Crystal  Lake  mill.  Since 
that  time  has  been  engaged  with  Hawthorne 
Brothers  at  the  Trades  mill.  His  marriage  with 
Julia  Desjardin  occurred  xVugust  3d,  1880. 

C.  L.  Snyder,  born  February  1st,  1831,  in  Som- 
erset county,  Pennsylvania.  In  1857  he  came  to 
Minnesota,  located  at  (ilencoe  and  for  three  years 
followed  lumbering  and  farming  ;  he  was  sheriff 
of  McLeod  county  in  1857-8.  In  1861  raised 
company  B,  of  the  Fourth  Minnesota;  he  was 
promoted  captain  of  this  company  and  served 
three  years  ;  after  being  mustered  out  in  1864  he 


UJSIVUY  OF  HEN  SEP  IN  COUMT. 


went  to  IVnnK)h'anU  and  raiKcd  a  company  of 
wlilirn  tl .  1  as  raplaiii  until  May. 

IM/,      In    .  .;   v«-ar   In-  came    here 

and  wan  in  Utr  w'<kii1  luiKincsh  Iwo  years   then 

<■■■,.. I         -i.iji  witli    X!r.    Kealor:    for 

If  carriersof  the  Minneapo- 

.  the  hill   |K>stinp 

1  Mr.  fSiiviler  \va.s 

I  kiUM>  dljr  counril  in  li*73  and  "TH;  was 

•       isso.     In  1K.VJ  ho 

II.     ,lnnie.s.  Aiuia, 

'  their  ehildivn. 

\|iril  Ulh.  lt*:2«.at   Stuner- 

f-  .1.     He  riTeivetl  aroniinon  nch«H)l 

.  ■rk  in  an  imrle's 

1   a   Mivrk   of  dry 

(.-•■•'oaiHl  kirat/ctl  a<  JterklevH  Millx:  he  M)ld  in   , 

;  '  .\c<l  t<i  (thio.  where  lie 

!  >  ill  r<iiii|iiiiiy  with  hiH 

l>t<iI4M  t  .  Ill  M<><l  .'ii;Hin  in  |k-V>.  eanie  to  St.  An- 

1'    ■  '       •■!    (..iiiH'cl   a   |Nirtner^hi|l  with   W.   K. 

fell  tlie  |iiinxii«-  of  liH-atiiiK  lands.     In 

i-d  tolh)'»est  side,  n'liimed 

'   I   Mliil  eaine   liiiek  to  .Mjiiiie- 

•nd  for  ■  Uinn  <icriipie<l  .1.  II.  Stevens's 

i  .      .    .  -  .  ^  ,^  iiMiiilM-r 

I  ('<Kik. liiiiik- 

•  iH  :  111  Uie  Miniiner  of 

.  <   •••  n-H  and  platti<<l   it   as 

'-  \'*  lln«l  addilioii  to  .Miiine- 

iiow  pHMM'M  thii'iich   this. 

"t  the  niaiiv  to  sillier  in  the 

t  livfiK,  hut  afterwards  n-i-overed 

on   the 

he  had 

In  IKMi  III- wild  iMithhhick 

- 1    it  ■    tor  the  new  I'liionde- 

I**.     Ill    1  I   Miiry   Hainsay.     The 

itid  Mn>.  Nnyderaiv  Frank. 
I 

iwaHlmtD    In   1KH2  In   rniKsia. 

■     of 

'  ■  .lis. 

!  'Hi  III  Minneapidiii,  and   woil^isl 

'     "    "■    '    "      .  Iron  Works 

I  fl'll  SII(T<'SH- 

■  iilniv. 

Ill   in  I'enoh- 
Moved   to 

^^i^hl   (wut4t>,  J4uiiM'M<la,  111    l>v.Xi.  and    hfllktl 


at  Montieello.  In  1862  he  enlisted,  and  w  as  three 
and  one-half  years  in  active  senice;  mustered 
out  in  1S(>5.  Since  the  war  he  has  made  this  city 
his  home.  In  1K70.  assisted  in  (lie  Inration  of 
the  Aliniieapolis  and  St.  Louis  Kaihoad.  and  had 
charRe  of  hridge  iiuilding  on  that  line  until  1872, 
when  heeupaped  in  siirveyinptownshipsin  north- 
western Minnesota.  Air.  Spauldinp  graduated 
fmm  the  Ohio  collepe  of  dental  surgery  March 
•Jlh,  1875,  with  the  degree  of  D.  J).  S.;  since  that 
time  has  heen  in  practice.  His  wife  was  Miss  J. 
<".  .lohnson:  thev  were  married  in  ISOfi.  Three 
children  have  heen  horn  to  them:  Willie,  Susie 
and  one  who  died  in  infancy. 

Kdward  Spear.  Jr..  was  born  in  1S2S.  at  War- 
ren. Ohio,  and  received  his  education  in  his  na- 
tive jilace.  Was  in  the  army  five  years;  w^as  in 
command  of  an  Ohio  liattery  three  yeare  of  the 
lime,  and  then  was  paymaster  of  the  array  of  the 
Tennessee;  after  the  war  he  jiassed  five  months 
in  Kiirope.  In  1878  he  came  here  and  cstalilisheil 
the  North-westeni  Stove  Works,  located  in  South 
.Minneapolis.  Mr.  Spear  married,  in  ISoH.  Kmma 
Louder.  Their  children  are :  Louie,  Edward, 
IJerlha  and  Harry. 

H.  Speck,  a  native  of  Germany,  was  born  Sep- 
tember 14tli.  1841.  Came  to  the  United  States  iu 
18()4.  and  resided  at  St.  Paul  until  1874  when  he 
came  here  and  for  about  one  year  was  in  the  pro- 
duce and  commission  business;  since  llu  n  lie  has 
had  a  grocery  and  general  merchandise  store,  his 
present  location  being  .')nl  First  street  north. 
His  marriage  with  .Mary  Joungclaus  occnned  in 
1872.  Of  their  four  children,  those  living  are: 
Carl.  (Jnslave  and  ,\ilolph. 

David  Spillane.  a  native  of  New  York,  was 
Imiiii  August  ]r)th.  18.').5.  at  Dunkirk.  When  a 
hals'  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Fillmore 
eoiiiily.  .Minnesota.  Whenseventeen  years  of  age 
ill-  coinnienced  the  milling  business  at  Wlialan. 
In  July,  18711,  he  came  to  .Minneapolis  and  en- 
gaged with  the  Slandaril  mill,  where  he  occupies 
the  position  of  grinder. 

.1  II  Slalir  Wits  boni  December  29th.  1.M2.  in 
Deiiniaik.  Came  to  (his  country,  worked  one 
yearal  farming  in  Indiana.  si.\  months  in  a  roll- 
ing mill,  and  then  was  engaged  as  clerk  in  a  hotel, 
pn-vioiis(<i  reliirnlng  to  Denmark  on  a  visit.  In 
IhWI  he  n-moved  to  Wisconsin  and  engaged  in  the 
gHK-ery  btiHinvHs;  came  here  in   1870  and  was  in 


BIOOBAPmCAL. 


635 


different  lines  of  business  till  1880,  when  he 
opened  a  second-hand  store  at  208  Plymontli  Av- 
enue. In  1865  he  married  Cliristine  Hanson. 
They  have  had  nine  cliildren;  only  three  are  liv- 
ing. 

Carl  G.  Stammwitz  was  born  in  Germany  in 
1831.  Came  to  St.  Anthony  in  18.58,  and  was 
head  miller  for  Morrison  and  Prescott,  at  the 
Farmer's  mill,  six  years.  In  1865,  bought  the  St. 
Anthony  mill  in  company  with  G.  Schober;  they 
purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  People's  mill  in 
1870,  and  the  next  year  disposed  of  the  St.  An- 
thony mill;  in  1875  they  took- the  machinery  out 
of  the  People's  mill  and  built  the  PluiMiix.  Mr. 
Stammwitz  married  Caroline  Peterson  in  1861. 
Their  children  are  Carl,  Amiie,  Frederick,  Olga, 
Adolph,  Otto.  Augusta,  Bertha,  Henry,  Alice  and 
Alvin  (twins.)  and  George. 

C.  M.  Stebbins,  a  native  of  Long  Meadow, 
Massachusetts,  was  born  in  1820.  Lived  with  his 
parents  until  sixteen  years  of  age,  when  he  went 
to  Connecticut  and  worked  at  cai-pentering  four 
years.  In  1849,  returned  to  Massachusetts  for 
one  year;  then  went  again  to  Coimecticut  and 
remained  till  July,  1878,  when  he  came  to  this 
city;  his  place  of  business  is  218  Second  Avenue 
south.  Mr.  Stebbins  was  married  in  1856  to  Miss 
Langdon.  They  have  two  children,  Ilatlie  and 
Henry. 

E.  S.  Stebbins  was  born  in  1854,  at  Boston  Massa- 
chusetts. Moved  to  Troy.  New  York,  in  1868. 
and  two  years  later  went  t<7  Saratoga.  In  1872 
he  commenced  the  study  of  architecture.  Went 
to  Boston  and  attended  the  Technological  Insti- 
tute two  years.  He  worked  witli  E.  D.  Harris 
three  years  on  the  Grand  Union  Hotel,  Saratoga, 
and  the  fourth  year  had  entire  supervision  of  the 
work.  In  1877  he  came  here.  His  office  is  304 
Nicollet  Avenue.  Mr.  Stebbins  drew  plans  for 
the  Hennepin  county  jail,  Christ  Church,  Ilemie- 
pin  county  poor-house,  Richfield  town  ball,  and 
several  public  buildings  at  Grand  Folks,  Dakota. 
He  was  married  in  1880. 

Franklin  Steele.  The  following  memoir,  by 
Rev.  E.  D.  Neill,  was  read  at  the  meeting  of  the 
department  of  American  History  of  the  State 
Historical  Society,  in  October,  1880.  "  In  memo- 
riam :  Franklin  Steele.  Tliis  evening  we  as- 
semble under  the  shadow  of  a  sudden  and  painful 
lo  s.    Among  the  twenty-live  or  thirty  present  at 


the  September  meeting  of  this  department  of  the 
State  Historical  Society,  he  who  attracted  the  most 
attention  by  his  fine  presence  and  manly  form  was 
its  chairman,  Franklin  Steele.  Those  who  saw 
him  on  that  evening,  in  perfect  health,  presiding 
so  courteously,  yet  unobtrusively,  can  with  diffi- 
culty realize  that  on  the  third  night  after,  he  was 
silenced  by  death,  and  that  in  less  than  a  week 
his  lifeless  body  waa  carried  to  its  last  resting- 
place  in  the  beautiful  cemetery  which  overlooks 
the  capital  of  the  republic.  Not  only  as  a  life 
member  of  the  Minnesota  Historical  Society,  and 
chairman  of  the  department  of  American  History, 
but  as  one  of  the  founders  of  the  commonwealth 
of  Minnesota,  is  he  deserving  of  some  brief 
memorial. 

While  the  French  were  still  occupying  the  val- 
ley of  the  Allegheny,  the  region  between  the 
Delaware  and  Susquehanna  rivers,  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, was  fast  filling  up  with  industrious  farmers 
from  Wales,  Ireland,  Scotland,  and  Germany. 
Among  tlie  hardy  men  who  found  homes  in  what 
is  now  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  was  the 
paternal  ancestor  of  Franklin  Steele,  and  the 
wife  of  this  pioneer  was  of  Scotch  descent.  Fru- 
gal and  persevering,  they  raised  a  large  family, 
and  four  sons,  at  least,  attained  manhood. 

Archibald  served  under  the  lamented  ilonf^ 
gomery  in  1775,  in  the  expedition  against  Quebec, 
and  during  the  revolution  became  deputy  quarter- 
master general  for  the  troops  of  the  western  di- 
vision of  the  army  in  Pennsylvania. 

John,  who  was  born  in  the  town  of  Lancaster, 
was  about  seventeen  years  of  age  and  going  to 
school  when  the  thrilling  news  arrived  that  the 
farmers  near  Lexington  had  peppered  the  British 
soldiery  from  Boston,  with  the  contents  of  their 
fowling  pieces.  It  stirred  the  blood  of  this  boy, 
and  soon  he  was  found  enlisted  in  the  war  for  in- 
dependence. At  the  battle  of  Brandywine,  in 
September,  1777,  he  received  in  his  shoulder  what 
was  supposed  for  a  time  to  be  a  fatal  wound.  On 
one  occasion  he  swam  across  the  Delaware,  while 
ice  was  floating,  with  orders  tied  in  a  silk  handker- 
chief around  his  head.  Although  benumbed,  he 
readied  the  Jersey  shore,  anl  gave  an  alarm, 
which  baffled  the  enemy.  In  March,  1778,  Lieu- 
tenant John  Steele  was  recommended  to  the  ex- 
ecutive council  of  Pennsylvania  as  "an  officer 
well  qualified  to  recruit  in  Lancaster  county." 


nisloJlY  OF  UEyXEPIX  COUNTY. 


William  ««•  «  Uiird  mm.  anil  a  letter  is  pre- 
^  liis  linitlier. 

d..  HUi.  17M). 

and  fnioi  «hirli   i*  UiU  i-xtnirt:    "1   at  present 

ri  " -   ' '•  well,  in  Uif  family  of 

Jl  iiil  I  have  IukI  the  lion- 

ti:  e  iif  tlie  pplienil. 

r.  .........  ,     ..  ;i  is  iu>\v  six  or 

4jr».    I  *n>  happy  in  Ute  imix>rtaiipeof  ray 
4  till-   pn-wiire  of  the  must 

■  I.  .itli.  aiiil    wlmse  ehararter. 

mIkniM  1  all<-mpt  tu  dmrrilM-.  I  cxmiIiI  nut  do  Jus- 
tin- Ui.  biit  will  (laly  day  that  I  think  it    i.s  iiiiex- 

'i  win.  wan  Uie  fnllier  of  the  sub- 
I.     DiirinR  the  war  of  IHl:^  he 
« .  iTal  of   rcnnitytvanla.  and  had 

n  •  lis  ill  the  lejrisliitnre. 

t«  ■  iiterjirihinc  rilizeii  in 

U  '  th*  (>cl«inira.  theHtream  whieli  sepa- 

r..  ■   '  '■  r  poiinties.     KiipiRed 

li  a   llniir  and   cotton 

ti  >>t  a  nei);lil><>rh(NMl. 

i  ...  j^l.'JwaKlMini  at  his  fathers" 

rratdritcw    iiflar    llie  wmtlem    Ixiundary   line  in 
<  '  •  I  iii.'inlioiiil. 

»..  1]  to  depend 

■pan  hia  own  esMliimK.  and  ohtaliuMl  a  iHwition  in 

II"    '  ■'  '  I'.     In  tliJK   plaee   he   Wiu* 

I"  'i  Janii-K  lliii'liaiian.  after- 
:lierii  who  hail  known  his 

;.  him  for  hin  own  ehiHTfiil 

*i  ■■  to  art  well  hiH  |iart  in 

Ii'  '.int    wcHt    as  a 

In  •■•r  development. 

Ill  »U-w  of  Dip  '                  •  ■iit  to  he  miule  with 

llx  I    the   lands 

U  '.   Franklin 

h''  n  the  Niimmer  of 

I-  ...-     |i  .|N-lliil   hy   eicht 

n-<  '  the  MliineMiln  river  and 

d-  <v|  ihf  St.  ("mix 

•i'  i.iiiu  t<i  Uie  val- 

i>sl>lr  >  ^  by  nvrting  a  cUiim  raliin  of 


»!  !»t»^rf  tnadr  n  irr.ity  with   the 

'•nof  KJDiix 

I  Mil   Snellinit 

I'  >'«>.  iiii  the  L'Tlh 

i><  .s»|>i< iiiImi ,  itw!,  Mgimi  a  l4i-«ly  hy  whlrli  IJii; 


pine  forests  of  Minnesota  were  effectually  op- 
ened to  the  axe  of  the  lumberman. 

Mr.  Steele  pa.ssed  the  winter  of  1838  at  Wash- 
ington and  elsewhere,  but  on  tlie  evening  of  the 
mtli  of  .lune.  on  the  steamboat  Uurlington,  ar- 
rived at  Fort  Snelling.  Among  his  fellow  pass- 
eiiffei-s  were  ("apt.  Maryatt,  of  the  IBritisU  navy, 
the  well-known  novelist,  and  a  number  of  others, 
ladies  as  well  as  gentlemen.  With  them,  he  rode 
out  for  pleasure  to  the  Frills  of  St.  Anthony,  then 
the  iilliina  tliule.  a  point  at  which  he  was  destined 
to  erect  the  first  permanent  structure,  and  in 
which,  after  it  becams  a  city  of  forty-eight  thou- 
sjiiid  inhabitants,  he  was  suddenly  to  die. 

On  the  :iiitli  of  June,  the  steamboat  Ariel  ar- 
rived at  Fort  Snelling.  and  one  of  the  passengers 
sj«id  tliiit  the  senate  had  ratified  the  treaty,  but  it 
was  not  until  tlie  loth  of  July,  that  the  I'alniyra 
brought  the  ollicial  notice. 

Mr.  Steele  now  made  another  trip  to  the  falls 
of  St.  Croix  and  on  the  16th  of  August  became 
back  to  the  fort.  Disposing  of  his  interests  at  the 
falls  of  St.  ("mix,  he  turned  his  attention  to  the 
development  of  the  claim  at  the  falls  of  St.  An- 
thony, and  in  1838  engaged  a  man  to  cultivate  six 
or  eight  acres  there,  the  land  having  not  yet  been 
surveyed.  It  was  not  until  1.S4S  that  there  was  a 
sille  of  lands  hy  the  government,  ami  tliis  year  he 
completed  thy  first  saw-miU  on  tlie  cast  side  of 
the  falls. 

In  I8")l  he  secureil  a  sits  for  the  preparatory 
ilepartment  <if  the  University  of  Minnesota,  .tnd 
was  tlie  largest  contributor  toward  the  erc'ction 
of  the  (irst  academic  building.  The  academy  was 
opened  in  (J.ttober.  ISol,  and  until  destroyed  by 
fire  Htood  in  the  esust  division  park,  opposite  the 
st4in(>  edifice  now  owned  by  .Macalester  ("ollege. 

Afl<'r  the  treaties  of  18>1,  seltlei-s  began  to 
dwell  on  tlie  pr.iirie  on  the  west  side  of  the  falls 
of  St.  Antliony.  and  in  a  few  years  were  more 
iiiiinerous  than  those  on  llie  east  side.  With  an 
adi  ling  faith  that  in  time,  tlie  roar  of  a  great  city 
Would  drown  the  ••voice  of  many  waters,"  Mr. 
Slwle,  before  pat4;iit8  were  issued  from  the  gen- 
eral land  ollicc  at  Washington  for  the  land  on  the 

west  side.  < Iracted  for  the  swinging  of  a  wire 

mispeimion  bridge  over  the  Mississippi., just  above 
the  cataract,  the  first  bridge  of  any  desi  ripliim 
which  spanned  the  great  river  from  Lake  lUisca 
to  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 


BIOOIiAPHICAL. 


637 


After  its  completion,  the  Minnepota  legislature 
in  the  winter  of  1855.  adjonrned  for  one  flay  to  be 
present  al  the  formal  opening  of  the  artistic  struc- 
ture, which  for  years  was  not  only  a  gi'eat  thor- 
ouglifare  for  immigrants.  Init  admired  hy  travelers 
and  tourists  as  a  thing  of  heauty.  About  this 
time  his  name  was  appropriately  given  by  the 
state  to  one  of  the  counties  made  out  of  the  lands 
which  had  been  ceded  hy  the  Sioux. 

The  month  of  August,  1862,  can  never  be  for- 
gotten by  the  settlers  of  Minnesota.  The  Sioux, 
taking  advantage  of  the  civil  war  that  was  then 
raging,  rose  like  demons  incarnate,  and  without 
warning  began  to  attack  the  settlements  of  the 
Minnesota  river,  and  murder  and  scalp  defence- 
less women  and  children.  Volunteers  from  St. 
Paul  and  Minneapolis  hurried  to  the  scene  of 
slaughter,  and  Mr.  Steele  followed  as  soon  as 
possible  with  the  necessary  supplies.  The  drivers 
of  the  supply  trains  at  length  faltered  and  said 
they  dared  not  go  on,  when  Mr.  Steele,  with 
characteristic  quietness  and  efficiency,  headed 
the  column,  riding  in  an  open  buggy,  night  and 
day,  and  restored  confidence. 

In  April,  1843,  he  was  married,  in  Baltimore, 
by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wyatt,  to  Anna,  daughter  of 
AVilliam  C.  Barney,  and  grand-child  of  Commo- 
dore Barney  of  the  United  States  navy,  and  also 
of  Samuel  Chase,  the  Maryland  states-man,  one 
of  the  signers  of  the  declaration  of  independence, 
afterwards  judge  of  the  supreme  coiu-t  of  the 
United  States. 

With  his  bride  he  came  to  Fort  Snelling  w'hen 
it  was  surrounded  by  Indians,  and  in  his  wilder- 
ness home  he  always  exhibited  a  generous  hospi- 
tality. As  his  daughters  began  to  grow  up,  he  felt 
felt  it  desirable  to  have  a  family  residence  where 
they  could  obtain  a  jiroper  education,  and  during 
the  latter  years  of  his  life  he  passed  tlie  winters  in 
"Washington,  but  always  spoke  of  Minnesota  as 
home. 

Unobtrusiveness  was  a  marked  characteristic 
of  our  late  associate.  Ilis  voice  was  not  heard 
in  the  streets.  Persons  would  associate  with 
him  for  months  in  the  midst  of  this  city,  and 
would  never  think  that  he  had  a  right  to  say: 
"Quorum  magna  pars  fui."  But  while  retiring 
he  was  affable.  A  gentleman  by  instinct,  he 
avoided  topics  and  allusions  which  would  be 
paijiful    to    those    with    whom    he    conversed. 


Among  those  in  whom  he  had  confidence  he 
loved  to  indulge  in  pleasantry. 

By  prosperity  he  w:  s  not  puffed.  Weak  hu- 
man nature  is  often  made  very  stiff  and  conse- 
quential by  an  increase  of  this  world's  goods,  but 
he  showed  none  of  that  disagreeable  conscious- 
nesswhich  money  gives  to  some  people.  Nopoor 
man  was  ever  himiiliated  in  his  pn  sence.  Of  an 
inquiring  mind,  with  good  perceptive  powers,  in- 
terested in  public  questions,  and  holding  social 
intercourse  everv  winter  with  some  of  the  best 
men  of  the  republic,  he  was  able  to  impart  val- 
uable information  and  engage  in  agreeable  con- 
versation. Thrown  much  of  his  life-time  with 
frontiersmen,  he  admired  their  energy,  but  did  not 
adopt  their  standards.  lie  did  not  soil  his  mouth 
with  coarse,  profane  or  hidecent  utterances.  The 
slang  of  the  roaring  fellows  in  a  loggers'  camp, 
or  at  a  military  post  had  no  charms. 

While  the  soid  is  immortal  and  more  valuable 
than  the  mortal  body  which  encases  it,  yet  the 
Hebrews  acknowledged  that  it  was  a  privilege  to 
have  a  fine  physical  presence.  The  sacred  writers 
turned  aside  from  mightier  matters  to  mention 
that  there  was  not  among  the  Children  of  Israel 
a  "goodlier  person"  than  Saul,  who  from  his 
shoulders  upward  was  higher  than  any  of  the 
people,  and  that  David  "was  ruddy  and  withal  of 
a  beautiful  countenance."  The  subject  of  oiu- 
memoir  was  excelled  by  few  in  the  symmetry  of 
his  physical  development.  As  a  yoimg  man 
his  presence  was  noticeable.  An  old  army  offi- 
cer saw  him  conversing  with  a  young  lady  at  a 
party  given  by  a  member  of  congress  in  Wash- 
ington. He  asked  liis  name,  and  when  told  that 
he  was  from  what  was  then  called  distant  Iowa 
Territory,  he  replied:  "Xo  matter  where  he  re- 
sides; God  never  made  a  finer  form." 

An  old  English  writer,  speaking  of  a  statesman 
of  the  days  of  James  I.,  wrote:  "As  Ammianus 
describes  a  well-shaped  man:  'Ab  ipso  capite, 
usque,  ad  ungiimi  summitates  recta  erat  linea- 
mentorum  compage'; 'from  the  nails  of  the  fingers, 
nay,  from  the  sole  of  his  foot  to  the  crown  of  his 
head,  there  was  no  blemish  in  him.'  And  j'et  his 
carriage,  and  every  stoop  of  his  deportment,  more 
than  his  excellect  form,  were  the  beauty  of  his 
beauty."  Does  not  this  description  recall  the  late 
chairman  of  this  department  of  the  Minnesota 
Historical  Society?  At  our  meeting  in  September 


«S8 


Ul^l'iTiY  OF  IJEXXEPiy  COUXIV. 


no  anv  cnuM  hare  looked  upon  his  rlear-rnl  fi'a- 
t  ■  •  <. .  erect   and 

u...  lie  was  eii- 

do«T<d  «iUi  a  frame  wi|>r-rior  lo  most  men. 
•'1 .I'  iM-aiity  <in  tliat   jxilislied 

I.:  lit." 

All-  ;  on   llie  Bill   <)f  SeptenilHT.  lie 

wall    I k     ••■'>>    an    an|iiaiiitance.    ulien    he 

««»  t«fiM-d  «mi  dirr.inew*.  Soon  after  lie  lost 
r  Ml  early  hour  next  morninp. 

»  i  III  the  iin*M'nr«>  (if  a  lirother 

and  a  aon  and  a  few  frienilit.  his  spirit  departed 
|.   ■  A  N'lovwl  wife  and  a  |Mirtion  of  his 

(;<  '  tictl   to   his   side,  hut    not    until   the 

I,.  to  Ix'al   did   they  arrive.     lyivintfly 

Hi >  ■:•    .'  the  widow  carried  his  lifeless  form 

In  a  ►t'«"ial  ear.  Mirroiind«<d  l»y  her  two  sons  and 
I!  to  the  fiiinilv  resiili-nee  at 

«,•     _  Tliursihiy    afteni«Kin.   the 

l6Ui  ulL.  hi»  Imdy  was  iKinie  to  St  John's 
("I  ■'  I>.  <"..  where   the   family 

1...  •  iviriw   were   rondiicted    liy 

the   Itev.   Mr.  I"  arke.  aHsisted   by   the   Kev.  Mr. 

J  ,....,.    ...  ,  ,....„ 

it  li.'id   iN-en   NiuiK  at    tlir 
t^  ■  were  hiiii(j  Ihi'n'.  and  the 

N'  ."vinu  friends   laid  on   his 

c-  tm't  {larlor.  in  thin  city,  were  also 

«i  ■  -.h   wan   (ilh-d   with   citizens  of 

>*  ■■    had    leariiivl   to   n-specl    the 

qutrl.  ifiiille  man.  From  the  chiiivli  he  was 
l»  -  -  '  •'  '  "  "  .  rrielery  and  placed  in  his 
h>  to  the  (trave  of  his  daiiKli- 

i'l.   U'v  hlMotic  commander  of  the 
:  1"  the  lo'-monble  conllicl  uf  Ilamp- 
Um  Itoad*. 

frIendNMnd  his  family 

To  live  In  lieaila  we  liwve  U-hind 
U  no!  bi  die. 

After  the  If  ;iitiii|t  of  the  memorial,  on  motion 
of  M  u  M,  V  ...  ••-Mijiitionii  of  n'sjM'cl  wen' 
a': 

'le  late  Franklin 
^  ■  natJveji  of  llen- 

^ImmltilHin.    Kinne  reaching 
'  'K'Hs  at 

>'  i.|  was 

•dnilinl  U.  |>rariu«  in  Itas.  hy  Judge  Wilkin,  of 


St.  Paul,  pa-ssing  his  examination  with  great 
credit.  lie  was  married  in  Febniary,  1872,  to 
Kathleen  Lynes.  They  are  the  parents  of  two 
chihln-n.  He  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Frank- 
lin Steele.  Jr.,  and  Company,  dealers  in  agricul- 
tural impit  nients.  wagons,  etc.,  corner  of  First 
street  and  Second  Avenue  south.  Residence  on 
Nicollet  Island. 

E.  11.  Steele,  a  native  of  Vermont,  was  bom 
in  1K48.  AViis  cniployed.  in  186.S.  by  the  firm  of 
Whitten,  liiudcll  and  Young,  of  IJoston,  as  trav- 
eling salesman,  and  continued  with  then;  until 
1K74.  at  which  time  he  e.stablislied  the  clothing 
business  which  he  is  conducting  so  successfully  in 
this  city.  Mr.  Steele's  family  consists  of  only 
himself  and  wife.  They  have  a  fine  residence  on 
Kighth  street.  This  building  is  heated  by  steam, 
lilted  with  electric  bclls.'binglar  alarm,  etc. 

Nicholas  StelTes.  a  native  of  (Jermany,  was 
bom  December  lOlli,  1848.  Came  to  America 
with  his  iiaients  in  1&.55.  and  lived  on  a  farm  in 
Wright  county.  Minnesota,  until  the  age  of  eigh- 
teen, when  he  volunteered  in  the  Tenth  United 
States  Hegiilars  at  Fort  Snelling,  and  served  his 
full  time  of  enlistment,  lie  has  since  resided  in 
.Minne.'ipolis.  lie  joined  the  volunteer  fire  depart- 
ment in  IK7.5,  and  served  as  driver  until  the  or- 
gani/.ation  of  the  paid  departinent.  when  he  was 
appoiiite<l  foreman  nf  Hose  ("oinpany  No.  4.  In 
lN7<i  he  niarrii'd  Kate  liofTerding.  Their  children 
are  .\nnie  ami  .Inlui. 

J.  F.  .Stephens  wasborn  July  4tli,  1S.")2,  in  Ches- 
ter county,  I'ennsylvania.  His  father  was  a  mil- 
ler, and  he  learned  the  trade  with  him,  in  his  na- 
tive pla<-e.  He  worked  at  farming  for  four  years 
previous  lo  coming  west  in  1K72.  He  reached 
this  city  December  1st  of  that  year,  and  com- 
inen<-ed  work  in  the  Minneaiiolis  mill,  filling  a 
minor  iHisilion  at  first,  but  by  industry  and  atten- 
tion to  business  advanced  to  the  position  of  head 
miller,  which  position  he  fills  to  the  entire  satis- 
faction of  his  employers, 

Frank  L,  Stetson,  born  December  lilth,  1H.)3, 
In  Knox  ciiunty,  .Maine.  He  moved  with  his  pa- 
rents lo  Jtoston.  in  ISB."),  and  there  attentled 
gnided  s<'h(Hils,  afterward  went  to  the  Dean 
Academy  ut  Fnuiklin.  In  the  spring  of  1809  he 
came  here  and  sought  einpldvineiit  in  the  lumber 
mills;  he  had  charge;  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
mllrond  company's  mills  at  Hrainerd  in  1878,  re- 


BIOGIiAPHICAL. 


639 


turned  here  and  until  the  spring  of  1 880  was  fore- 
man in  Leavitt,  Cliase  and  Company's  mill,  since 
that  time  has  filled  the  same  position  with  JSJerri- 
man  and  Barrows.  lie  is  second  chief  engineer 
of  the  fire  department  of  which  lie  has  been 
a  member  since  1872.  Mr.  Stetson's  wife  was  Ida 
Winslow,  their  marriage  occurred  in  1877.  They 
have  liad  one  child. 

II.  A.  Stetson,  a  native  of  Lineolnville,  Maine, 
was  born  in  1849.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in  the 
fall  of  1867  and  was  employed  in  saw  mills  five 
years ;  then  in  company  with  W.  C.  Stetson,  his 
brother,  built  the  mill  whicli  bore  their  name ; 
after  operating  it  three  years  disposed  of  his  in- 
terest and  went  to  work  on  tlie  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee and  St.  Paul  railway.  In  April,  1879,  en- 
gaged to  work  in  the  mill  for  liis  brother,  wlio 
sold  in  1880  to  Wheaton,  Reynolds  and  Company, 
and  he  has  been  with  them  since.  lie  married 
Lillie  Howe,  in  1876.  Blanche  and  Alice  are 
their  children. 

\V.  C.  Stetson  was  born  October  16th,  1841,  in 
Waldo  county,  Maine.  He  came  to  St.  Anthony 
in  1857  and  worked  in  different  mills  fourteen 
years.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Ninth  Minne- 
sota Volunteers.  After  service  he  returned  to 
Minneapolis  and  in  1871  built  a  planing  mill,  in 
company  with  his  brother ;  they  operated  the  mill 
eight  months,  then  he  bought  his  brother's  share 
and  sold  a  half  interest  to  B.  F.  Nelson.  In  1878 
they  built  the  St.  Louis,  and  the  year  following 
Mr.  Stetson  closed  out  his  interest  in  botli  mills. 
He  built  in  1880  the  Farnham  and  Lovejoy  mill, 
and  has  since  operated  it  for  them.  In  1859  he 
maiTied  Catharine  Griffin. 

Frank  Stevens,  a  native  of  Worcester  county, 
Massachusetts,  was  born  .July  5th,  1853.  AVorked 
in  that  state  at  different  lines  of  business  until 
April,  1878,  when  he  removed  to  Minneapolis, 
and  after  clerking  in  a  grocery  store  until  1879 
he  embarked  in  the  same  for  business  liiniself.  lie 
had  a  fine  trade  up  to  December,  KSSO,  when,  de- 
siring a  change  he  sold,  with  the  intention  of  en- 
gaging in  other  enterprises. 

Col.  .John  II.  Stevens,  the  pioneer  of  Minne- 
apolis proper,  is  a  native  of  Lower  Canada.  His 
parents,  who  were  natives  of  Vermont,  emigrated 
from  there  to  one  of  the  eastern  townships  of 
Lower  Canada,  where  John  II.  was  born,  .June 
13th,   1820.    The  family  trace  their  descent  to 


the  so  called  French  Huguenots,  who  emigrated  to 
New  England,  coming  over  with  other  Puritans 
in  Uie  May-llower.  Gardner  Stevens,  his  father, 
was  an  extensive  farmer,  and  gave  his  sons  a  lib- 
eral education.  At  an  early  day  Mr.  Stevens  de- 
termined to  become  one  of  tlie  pioneers  of  the 
far  west.  His  first  move  was  to  the  lead  mines 
of  Illinois  and  Wisconsin.  During  the  war  with 
Mexico,  he  served  with  the  army  of  invasion 
and  after  the  war  closed,  he  came  to  the  territory 
of  Minnesota,  which  had  recently  been  set  apart 
from  Iowa.  He  located  on  the  original  town- 
site  of  Minneapolis,  opposite  the  beautiful  and 
picturesque  Falls  of  St.  Anthony;  here  he  lived 
alone  and  desolate  with  the  Indians.  The  nearest 
habitation  of  white  men  was  Fort  Snelling. 
Since  that  time  vast  and  wonderful  changes  have 
been  made,  such  as  but  few  men  have  witnessed 
in  the  short  space  of  thirty-two  years.  He  has 
lived  to  see  grow  from  his  humble  home  a  city  of 
fifty  thousand  souls,  and  should  he  be  spared  un- 
til he  reaches  his  three  score  and  ten,  he  will 
doubtless  behold  a  city  of  over  one  hundred  thou- 
sand inhabitants.  He  has  frequently  been  hon- 
ored with  seats  in  the  senate  and  house  of  repre- 
sentatives in  the  state  legislature,  and  has  also 
held  high  and  responsible  othces  of  trust  and 
honor,  both  civil  and  military  with  the  greatest 
success  and  credit.  He  was  married  May  10th, 
18.50,  in  Rockford,  Illinois,  to  Miss  Francis  H. 
Miller,  of  Oneida  county.  New  York.  Their 
children  living  are.  Kittle  D.,  wife  of  P.  B.  Win- 
ston Esq.  of  this  city;  Sarah,  who  resides  with 
her  parents;  Orma,  a  graduate  of  the  city  high 
school;  Francis  H.  Gardner,  their  only  son,  is  a 
civil  engineer. 

Rev.  Daniel  Stewart,  D.  D.,  pastor  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  Minneapolis,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  born  in  Amsterdam,  Montgom- 
ery county.  New  York,  July  17th,  1811,  spending 
most  of  his  early  life  in  that  vicinity,  pursuing 
academical  studies  at  Johnstown,  under  the  Rev. 
Gilbert  Morgan.  Entered  Union  college  in  1830, 
graduated  in  1833.  After  graduating  went  to 
Europe,  traveling  in  England,  Scotland,  Ger- 
many and  France;  on  returning,  entered  the  The- 
ological Seminary  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  in 
1835,  graduated  in  the  class  of  '37-8,  under  Drs. 
Alexander  and  Miller.  After  leaving  the  semi- 
nary, was  called,  accepted  and  settled  over  the 


msTunr  of  nEyxEriN  county. 


>k.  in  1S89, 
ir,  when   he 

_     ,     ,  -,       js,  wlu-re  lie 

irmaionl  for  iM^ri.v  four  ytnn.  from  llienre  to 
II .    .  ".  ■    ■       1.  where 

I.,  -;  from 

Uial  rliarc*-  U>  the  rarr  ol  Uie  ilnHil(>ffiral  S»-nu- 
I,;,-  -  •  ■  >,  ■.■•■•.'••'•' Mie  )>)iriii(i"f  l*''^^. 
V  •-.  RoiiiR  ati  far  as 

)■  .laughlcT  of   Asii 

\-  .  .1.     <  tti  his  serond 

fn>ni  llie  Old  World,  wan  railed  to  the 
,  "      '  u  Cliimli  (if  Cani- 

r*  llllMIl  iiiilil  I8)>1. 

Ill  mt-nl  to  JoliiiMoAvii.  New  York, 

,.  '  IMili.     While  ill  .lohiiKtown 

|.  .il  Milh  MircesR  exoeediliK 

ti  »t  N;iii(jiiiiii"  ailniirers. 

I  .         hat  ilihru|itcd,  in  debt, 

I  an  onpui.  and  no  inronie:   leaving  it 
1.-  r  (  ~t  orpins,  out  of 

fl>  '   tlioiisaiid  dollars. 

Tlir  ime  ever- to' lie  renienilien-<l  day  in  the  his- 
1.  •  '  •'  ■  -(h  vaK  when  on  that  day  he 
I.  •  >r\,  oiii*  liiiiidn-tl  and  lifly  niem- 

I"  ly  of  tlieni  Immih;  on 

|ii „.    iiiinilM-r  of  them  lje- 

twerti  the  njjrii  of  fifty  and  wventy.  When  in 
«  •  '   iMianl, 

r.i  •-■  Wild- 

Ins  "III  a  (viloiiy,  whlrli  became  aelf-MiKtaininK, 
!•    '  ■  '     '       lit   eliiin-h.  and  is  the 

*"  M,      l-'roni  Jolinstown 

a,  wtiere  he  |in'aclie<l  in  the 

I""., '  liurrh  for  luo  years.     In 

1**1  rame  ■  la  <in  arrouiit  <if  a  M'rioiis 

t'  nil  hill 

f  ■    lure    to 

Utf    Andrpw    rhurrJi    whicti    he   con- 
fur  two 
'  .  .lime 
».   i»iiere  he  lian  re- 
lime.     Ihn  nn>l  wife 
'    \'aln.  meirhant,  of 
.•   IImmI    f>,r 
'■•  ...   M.  now  the 

Ilania   of   tlie  Nor1liweKU-m 

wife.  .1.  r. 

I  ■"■*    Woiks. 

Mallrr  U   tMrwait  died  al  twenty-four  yean  of 


ape.  after  finishing  his  studies  for  tlie  profession 
of  medicine. 

Levi  M.  Stew.Tit  is  a  native  of  Maine;  received 
there  an  academic  education,  and  afterward  grad- 
uated from  DaHmoutli  college:  isal^o  a  graduate 
of  the  law  i-chool  at  Cainhridge.  After  practicing 
law  nic(f!-flnlly  for  a  lime  in  liis  iiiitive  ftale  he 
came  West. and  lias  been  a  resident  of  this  city 
.since  18.56.  His  office  is  at  the  corner  of  Wash- 
ington and  Nicollet  Avenues. 

C.  F.  Slinison  was  horn  April  ISilIi.  18:22.  in 
York  county,  Elaine.  lie  was  in  the  lumber 
business  at  Wa.shington,  Maine,  four  years;  in 
June.  1848.  removed  to  Stillwater,  and  the  same 
year  to  .St,  Anthony,  being  engaged  in  lumbering 
most  of  the  time  until  1879.  He,  in  company 
Willi  William  Simpson  and  A,  Kogers,  built  the 
mill  now  owned  by  Farnliam  and  Lovejoy,  also 
the  biiildnig  now  occupied  as  a  paper-mill.  Mr. 
Stimson  served  one  year  as  treasurer  of  Kamsey 
county,  while  St.  Anthony  was  in  that  county. 
lie  moved  to  his  farm  near  Klk  Kiver  in  1879. 
His  marriage  with  Olive  Estes  occurred  in  1850. 
Children:  Albert,  Ella.  William  and  one  who 
died  in  infancy. 

E.  II.  Stockton.  M.  I).,  was  born  October  4th, 
1827,  in  Hucks  county,  Pennsylvania.  Attended 
school  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey,  and  studied  med- 
icine at  I'hiladelpliia.  In  lK4!t  be  attended  two 
coiirhcs  of  lectures  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College 
of  Cincinnati.  Followed  his  profession  in  Ohio 
and  Indiana  until  ISfi.');  since  that  time  he  has 
Ih-cii  in  practice  at  Minneapolis.  In  1869  he  was 
made  a  member  of  the  State  ]^Iedical  Society, 
and  is  one  of  the  city  board  of  health.  Dr. 
Stockton  married,  in  1871,  Miss  Hose  Wilson  of 
Iniliiina. 

Alviii  Stone  was  born  in  Salmon  Falls,  New 
Hiimpshire,  Octolier  13lh,  1825.  In  1848  made 
an  extended  tour  in  the  South;  returned  the  next 
year,  and  in  is/io  came  to  Minneapolis.  His 
princiiml  occupation  has  been  painting;  he  has 
been  a  member  of  several  difTeiciit  lirms.andhas 

•I' a  very  large  business  by  contracts.     In  Sej)- 

temU-r,  I8.')l,  Mr.  Stone  returned  to  his  native 
stale;  the  following  March  married  Elizabeth 
(liKMlwin,  nl  Lowell,  Massachusetts,  and  at  once 
came  West.  'I'lii-y  have  had  seven  children; 
lliow  living  are  Haltie  and  Harris. 

K.  E.  StroUiman,  a  native  of  Milwaukee,  Wis- 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


641 


cousin,  was  born  August  18th,  1845.  Learned 
the  machinist's  trade  at  the  Bay  State  Iron 
Works,  and  after  serving  his  apprenticeship  re- 
mained with  the  firm  four  years.  In  1867,  iu 
company  with  his  brotlier.  he  commenced  manu- 
facturing steam  engines,  but  in  1870  he  came  to 
this  city  and  was  with  the  North  Star  Iron 
Worlcs  until  lie  started  his  present  business.  His 
wife  was  I^tta  Banker,  wliom  he  married  in  1868, 
at  Milwaukee.  They  have  two  children,  Clarence 
and  Ilerberd. 

J.  F.  Stranahan  was  born  July  18th,  1854,  at 
Bunker  Hill,  Michigan.  In  1856,  accompanied 
his  parents  to  Minnesota  and  located  in  Goodhue 
county.  At  the  early  age  of  fourteen  he  com- 
menced learning  carpentering;  went  to  North- 
fi.eld  in  1870  and  two  years  later  removed  to  St. 
Paul,  where  he  assisted  in  building  S.  Mayall's 
block.  Dr.  Dewey's  residence,  and  several  other 
fine  buildings.  Since  1879,  has  lived  in  Miinie- 
apolis.  He  married  Jerusha  Hamilton  in  1877. 
They  have  one  child,  Winnie. 

J.  II.  Strothman,  a  native  of  Wisconsin,  was 
bom  August  18th,  1845.  at  Milwaukee.  Attended 
school  there,  and  served  an  apprenticeship  as 
machinist  in  the  Bayfield  Iron  Works.  In  1869, 
came  here,  and  was  at  the  North  Star  Iron  Works 
until  1872;  since  that  time  he  has  been  in  the  em- 
ploy of  O.  A.  Pray  and  Company  as  foreman. 
Was  married  in  March,  1872.  Of  their  four  chil- 
dren, Morris  only,  survives;  Nellie,  Jennie  and 
an  infant  have  passed  away. 

Daniel  Sullivan,  a  native  of  Maine,  was  bom 
in  1847.  He  came  to  Minnesota  in  1878.  and  lo- 
cated at  Minneapolis.  His  place  of  business  is 
No.  13,  First  street  north. 

Elmer  II.  Sumner,  born  at  Bangor,  Maine, 
January  3d,  1853.  Came  to  this  city  in  1877  and 
engaged  in  lumbering  during  the  winter  months. 
Kept  a  restaurant  two  years  on  Nicollet  Avenue, 
and  since  August  1880,  has  lieen  in  the  same  l)usi- 
ness  at  No.  1,  First  street  north;  his  wife  has  the 
management  of  the  restaurant  in  his  absence. 
Mr.  Sumner  married  Mary  Fay  in  1872.  They 
have  one  son,  Eugene. 

Byron  Sutherland,  bom  July  15th,  1846,  in 
Westfield,  New  York.  Moved  to  Pennsylvania 
and  enlisted  in  1862;  he  was  wounded  at  Spott- 
sylvania  in  1864,  and  the  next  year  was  transfer- 
red to  the  veteran  reserve  corps  on  account  of 
41 


disability;  in  July  1865,  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged. He  attended  school  in  Pennsylvania 
until  1870,  and  tlien  read  law  at  Jamestown, 
New  York.  In  the  fall  of  1872,  taught  in*Penn- 
sylvania,  and  the  same  year  was  elected  superin- 
tendent of  schools  in  Warren  county;  he  contin- 
ued reading  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1875;  the  next  year,  removed  to  Minneapolis;  his 
office  is  at  201  Nicollet  Avenue.  He  married  in 
1877,  Sarah  Brown;  she  has  borne  him  one  son, 
Renne. 

George  Sverdmp  was  born  in  the  western  part 
of  Norway.  December  16th,  1848.  He  attended 
school  at  Christiana  from  1862  to  1865,  when  he 
entered  the  University  in  the  city  of  Christiana. 
During  1870,  he  traveled  through  Italy  and  Ger- 
many, and  in  1871,  passed  theological  examina- 
tion at  the  University.  Tlie  year  1873,  he  spent 
in  Paris,  in  the  study  of  the  Semitic  languages, 
Assyrian  antiquities  and  other  sciences  con- 
nected with  the  study  of  the  old  testament.  In 
1874,  he  received  a  call  from  this  conference  since 
which  time  he  has  been  closely  identified  with 
the  history  of  Augsburg  Seminary. 

W.  D.  Sutton,  a  native  of  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
was  born  in  1837.  Enlisted  in  1861  and  served 
three  years.  In  1864  he  went  to  Chicago  and  fol- 
lowed his  business  of  contracting  and  building 
for  seven  years,  then  after  a  short  residence  at  St. 
Louis  removed  to  Memphis,  and  three  years  later 
to  Iowa.  In  1875  went  to  Wright  county,  Min- 
nesota, and  bought  the  farm  he  still  o\tos.  In 
October,  1880,  he  came  here  to  work  at  his  trade. 
His  marriage  with  ^lartha  Lawson  occurred  in 
in  1865.    They  have  one  child,  Minnehaha. 

N.  P.  Swanberg,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born 
in  1838.  Emigrated  to  America  in  1869,  and  lo- 
cated at  Hastings,  Minnesota,  and  engaged  in 
carriage  making.  In  1S70,  removed  to  this  city 
and  after  working  about  three  years  for  different 
parties  established  the  Minneapolis  carriage  works 
at  605  Third  street  south. 

Peter  P.  Swensen,  born  in  Sweden,  February 
10th,  1844.  When  ten  years  of  age  came  to 
America  witli  his  parents  and  lived  on  a  farm  in 
Minnesota  until  1861,  when  he  enlisted,  but  was 
rejected  because  of  being  under  age;  he  then 
went  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  enlisted  in  the  regidar 
army  and  served  three  years.  lie  then  went  to 
Tennessee  and  engaged  in  the  grocery  business ; 


ei:! 


nisTtnr  of  hesxepin  covxty. 


mU 


nail,  u  lioiv  lie  ownod 
.•iftrratvvo 

,,-. -.    i •  ;  I'lsprin- 

HimI  omiiimiiii  Miirr  Im*  U"cn  ffflle-sman.  In 
1^-  TlH'ir  rliildren 

•r«     ' 

O  T  f««rtl.  born  at  Limrrirk.  Maine,  Seploni- 
Jirr  STili.  1»-«2.  For  •  time  was  employcNl  ms 
MUr*ni«n  bv  ■  irnx^r)  firm  «t  CHniliridpc.  .Miiss.i- 
rliUMMU,  In  Hit  K|'riiiB  <>f  IKVi  In- came  to  St. 
Antltoti)  iiii<1  tnpgw^l  wiUi  Hayes  ami  SUnison 
in  Oirtr  m«»«  matfcet ;  Uie  next  year  liema«Ie  two 
I,  .  ■  iM'  eiiiriTii's  and 

l„,  iciit  wlijoli  disa- 

btrd  biro  for  ne«riy  one  >iwr.  In  lh.'i7.  after  tlie 
Hit  «»n  Main  Ktrwt.  be.  K.  Ilayei*.  and  Cliarles 
Ktmw  Kiartcit  a  (tenetal  nlore.  ba\  iii(f  )iiirrlia.sed 
Uii»  f»m»inder  of  a  i»lcif  k  of  dry  p><«l»  and  Kr<v 
rrri'K  fi'tn  raq»nteraiid  Andn  wo.  wli<>  MifTcn-il 
tixmi  the  Ore.  Mr  S«eti  ban  (Men  alone  in  tlie 
I,,  II   1KT7   lie  disiMiscd  of  the 

jj..  !«•  Iiantllid  dry  K"*"'!*.  no- 

Itonk  and  ip-ntit'  fnmiHliinit  b<mhIk.     lie  was  alder- 

it).,    '  •■•  I.     Marrii-d  in  1K"iK.  .Siinih 

II..  •    liiiii  two  c'liildreii:  Klla 

and  AtHitii.  Mr.  s«rtt  liaN  Ihm-ii  in  tlie  dry 
ipvalt  |.,..  ...K.  rviiiiiiiiiouNly  in  UUH  city  longer 
Uiaii  ki  -il  or  nrm. 

JiMiilt  >  Man-li  Mb.  IS':'!,  in 

Oi>nnany.     "  <i   ln"  native  coiintry, 

rame  tn  Amertea  in  IkAI.  and  lo<'at(*<l  in  New 
V     ■  ■•    <     '  nertlriil  and  worke<l  at  liiH 

ti  k'.     In  IKVi  lie  eanie  to  St. 

A  >i    L.  JobiiMiirN  fiiniiliire' 

ht^ .■  '   >  '  Mild  to  Itamard  and  l'<im- 

IMUiT.  He  l<»l  tw<i  lliiui'iK  by  a  riirular  hhw,  but 
n'  k.  wriit   into  the 

M  .  .  ,  II  yearn  Willi  thf 

lallri  flnn.  Fnun  I^AT  to  IMI.bia  waReHwcre 
I"  •    ■     ■  ■  ■    ■  ^hal   time  be  did 

t<  iM-jiiK  |iaid    with 

«.;  hni«>  IcaMnc  lliat  Imsinciut  he 

h^.  ...,.,„ .'      He  mMirt<'(l  CliMKllana  l-'roHl, 

In  IHAI  11m  It  <|itl<livii  are  J*iM-|ib.  Aimle.  Will- 
i--'  '  are  nuirrietl  and 

y.    I  iiallw  oC  I'xbridKe.  MasKarliti- 

•»  ■''.     Wbi'ii  ai'liilil 

!•'  iiTclvfd  bin  iilii- 

oalton  He  «'••  in  IHIMIM-Mi  FiKlit  yean  at   Wall- 


ham,  then  in  1S79.  came  to  this  city  and  engaged 
in  plnmbing  and  gas  lilting.  At  tivst  he  reijuired 
the  SM-rvices  of  only  three  mea.  but  his  business 
lias  grown  to  such  proportions  lliat  lie  now  em- 
ploys twenty-live.  The  firm  name  is  Sykes  and 
Andrews;  No.  256  Ilennepiu  Avenue. 


(IIAITER  LXXXIll. 

nldGKAI'IIICAL,  T,   U    .\ND    V. 

.1.  W.  Tiiinm  was  bom  at  Logansport,  Indiana, 
in  IM8.  Learned  inilling  at  Maumee  City.  Ohio. 
Ill  IS72be  became  a  resident  of  Minneapolis  and 
engaged  in  the  Arctic  mill:  he  had  charge  of  that 
mill  for  six  years.  Next  he  was  employed  in  the 
riioMiix.  and  luus  suiierintended  it  since.  He 
was  married  in  187.5  to  Miss  Alice  Isenberger  of 
lyogansport. 

Melvin  C  Tate  was  born  at  I'eeksUill.  Xew 
York,  February  1st.  l.s")l.  Went  to  Duliitli,  .Min- 
nesota, in  1871;  remained  three  years  working  in 
a  general  merchandise  store, also  a  short  lime  in 
a  hoti'l.  In  1S74  he  cauie  to  St.  Paul,  the  next 
year  locating  in  Miimcapiilis.  In  October,  1880, 
in  company  with  Mr.  Hoardman,  he  opened  a  res- 
tannint  at  2U  Nicollet  .\ venue.  He  was  married 
in  |H75to  Theresii  Windolpli.  who  has  borne 
him  three  chihlren.     Laiu'a  is  the  only  one  living. 

A.  H.  Taylor,  a  resident  of  Jlinueapolis,  came 
from  New  Vork  four  yeai-s  since.  Is  a  wholesale 
dealer  iiigniin.and  is  the  (irsl  and  only  man  here 
who  makes  a  sperialty  of  wliolesale  dealing. 
rn-viouH  to  stjirting  in  business  in  1879  he  bought 
wheat  for  the  .Millers"  Association.  Ollice  over 
I  Security  Hank. 

IJ.  I,.  Taylor,  1).  I).  S.,  214  Nicollet  .\ venue, 

wan  born  at   Westchester,  I'ennsvlvania,  ill  IS;^2. 

I 

Heceived  Ihe  principal  part  of  his  education  in 
bis  native  place.  He  came  to  Chicago  in  18.50, 
mid  two  years  later  to  .Minneapolis.  He  grad- 
uated fron  the  Pennsylvania  Dental  College  at 
Pliilailelphia  in  IHlill,  and  has  since  lieeii  in  den- 
tal practice  in  this  city.  He  was  married  in  Isnii 
Ui  Harriet  llurlbut,  of  Little  Palls,  New   York. 


BlOGBArEICAL. 


643 


Alice  and  Henry  are  their  cliildren.    Residence 
620  Fifth  street  south. 

r.  C.  Taylor  was  born  in  Lewis  county.  New 
York,  October  12tli,  1S46.  There  he  received  his 
early  education  and  training.  He  located  in  Min- 
neapolis, December,  1871,  and  was  employed  as 
clerk  in  a  grocery  store  initH  1876,  when  he 
started  in  the  same  line  for  himself  and  has 
since  been  doing  a  i)rosperous  business.  He  was 
married  in  1870  to  Mary  lliuton.of  Lewis  county, 
New  York.  They  have  two  children,  Charlotte 
A.  and  Frank  G. 

C.  E.  Tenant  was  born  at  Lisbon,  Lawrence 
county.  New  York,  in  1845.  At  the  age  of  nine 
years,  he  accomjianied  his  parents  to  Wisconsin. 
He  resided  in  that  state  until  1878,  removing  in 
the  spring  of  that  year  to  Red  Wing,  Minnesota. 
He  remained  one  summer,  tlien  removed  to  Still- 
water, where  he  resided  until  his  coming  to  Min- 
neapolis in  1880.  He  joined  the  Henn  p  ii  County 
Barrel  Company  the  same  year.  In  18  i3,  he  en- 
listed in  the  Thirty-second  Wisconsin,  inider  Col. 
De  Great,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
Resides  at  412  Twelfth  Avenue  south. 

G.  II.  Tennant  was  born  in  St.  Lawrence  coun- 
ty. New  York,  1847.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in 
1867  and  for  three  years  was  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing shingles,  with  Bassett  one  year  and 
with  Morrison  Brothers  two  years.  He  was  then 
in  St.  Louis  one  and  one-half  years  in  the  manu- 
facture of  eave-troughs.  On  returning  he  entered 
into  partnership  with  Witbeck,  Potter  and  Com- 
pany in  a  planing  mill  and  liox  factory  and  two 
years  after  added  the  manufacture  of  sash,  doors 
aud  blinds.  In  1875  the  firm  dissolved.  Mr. 
Eldred  then  became  proprietor  of  the  planing 
mill,  which  ISIr.  Tennant  superintended  for  him 
two  years.  In  1875,  in  company  with  Mr.  Rus- 
sell, built  the  East  Side  planing  mill.  lie  was 
married  to  Elizabeth  Blackney,  in  1870.  Their 
children  are:  William  S.  and  (irace. 

Johannes  Temstedt  was  born  in  Westmand- 
land,  Sweden,  June  22d,  1847.  After  finishing 
his  theolosrical  studies  at  the  Lyceum,  at  Stock- 
holm, he  came  to  America  in  August,  1875.  Af- 
ter remaining  in  New  York  until  the  following 
summer,  he  was  ordained  at  Jamestown,  New 
York,  on  the  2oth  of  June,  1876.  Thence  com- 
ing west  to  Illinois,  he  presided  over  churches  at 
Batavia,  Bethlehem  and  Aurora  for  about  two 


years.  July  20th.  1878,  he  removed  to  Minneap- 
olis, and  has  since  presided  over  Augustana  and 
Bethlehem  churclies. 

Andrew  Tliaralson  was  born  in  Norway.  Jan- 
uary 9th,  1846.  Here  he  passed  his  youth  and 
acquired  a  knowledge  of  cabinet  making.  He 
emigrated  to  America  in  1866.  settlingat  Chicago, 
Illinois,  wliere  he  worked  at  his  trade  until  1869. 
He  then  reuKived  to  Minneapolis,  following  his 
trade  until  1870.  when  he  started  in  tlie  grocery 
business  whicli  has  been  growing  rapidly.  He 
was  elected  totlie  state  legislature  of  Minnesota, 
in  1878,  and  re-elect"d  in  1880.  His  marriage 
with  Tirja  Tentz  took  place  in  1868,  in  Norway 
Their  children  are:  Taly,  Emma,  Edward,  Con 
rad  and  Amalie. 

Charles  Theilen  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  born 
June  5tli,  1812.  Received  his  education  there  and 
served  in  the  Prussian  army  three  years.  In 
1853  he  came  to  America,  lt)c3ting  in  Indiana, 
thence  to  Chicago,  aud  on  to  St.  Anthony  by 
team.  Was  one  of  the  early  pioneers  and  en- 
"dured  the  hardships  of  frontier  life.  In  1859  he 
purchased  the  lot  wliere  he  now  lives,  and  erected 
a  stone  house  which  has  since  been  his  home. 
He  worked  in  saw  mills  for  five  years,  after 
which  he  engaged  in  mercantile  business,  contin- 
uing until  1878.  He  then  sold  to  his  son,  retiring 
from  active  business  life.  Was  married  in  Prus- 
sia, 1837,  to  Jliss  Mary  G.  Schildgen,  who  bore 
him  eight  children,  four  of  whom  are  living  : 
Nicholas,  Anna  M.,  John  and  Annie.  Mr.  Thei- 
len was  a  member  of  the  city  council  in  1874-"75. 
Louis  Theobald  is  a  native  of  Germany,  born 
in  1831.  Came  to  the  United  Stated  in  1851,  re- 
maining in  New  York  nine  montlis  ;  thence  to 
St.  Louis  where  he  resided  about  four  years.  In 
1856  he  removed  to  New  Ulm,  Minnesota,  being 
in  the  mercantile  business  twenty  years ;  was  also 
engaged  in  a  grist  and  saw  mill.  Located  in 
Minneapolis  in  1874,  and  opened  a  saloon  in  1880, 
known  as  the  Teutonia  Hall.  He  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Anna  Meyer,  in  1855.  Sophia, 
Bertha  and  Victor  II.  are  their  children. 

B.  Tliibodeau  was  born  in  Aroostook  county, 
Maine,  in  1846.  Here  he  remained  luitil  1864, 
then  went  to  Bangor  vihere  he  learned  the  trade 
of  shoemaker,  and  worked  at  it  in  various  places 
throughout  the  country.  He  removed  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1878  and  after  a  short  period  he  resumed 


644 


mSTORY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


his  trade  and  also  made  boot  and  shoe  pacs  for 
a  firm  at  St.  Paul.  In  April.  18S0.  he  opened  an 
esUihlislimcnt  of  his  own  for  the  special  purpose 
of  nianuractiiring  l)oot  and  shoe  pacs.  Married 
in  187 1  to  Mary  I'oirie,  of  Xova  Scotia,  who  has 
Iwrne  liim  five  children,  three  living:  John,  Clara 
and  .Joseph. 

Anthony  Thoniley  was  born  in  Norway,  1S.S8. 
Came  to  the  United  SUites  in  18.51.  lie  went  to 
Wisconsin,  where  he  remained  six  yeai"s.  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  inontlis  passed  in  Minnesota. 
In  I8()2  returned  to  his  native  country,  remaining 
eight  years.  He  then  came  to  the  United  States, 
locating  at  La  Cros,se,  Wisconsin,  remaining  also 
a  short  time  at  Eau  Claire.  In  ISTit  he  became  a 
resident  of  Minneapolis  and  opened  a  saloon  at 
223  Washington  Avenue  south.  He  married 
Mar)-  Johnson  of  Kan  Claire,  in  IsTl.  Ira  A., 
and  Ainiie  are  their  children. 

E.  I'.  Thomp.son  was  born  at  Lowell,  Massa- 
rhi'setts,  in  1849.  Moved  to  Znmbrotij.  Minne- 
sota, in  ISOo.and  in  18(j9  went  to  St.  Paul  to  learn 
the  jeweler's  trade  and  remained  until  coming  to 
.Minnea|K)lis  in  1872.  He  began  in  that  business 
soon  after  his  arrival  and  has  since  continued, 
having  a  thriving  trade.  Located  at  lO-i  Wash- 
ington Avenue  south.  He  married  Liz/.ie  C. 
Hall  in  187<i.  Lottie  M.  and  Clara  L.  are  their 
children. 

John  Thompson  was  born  in  18.32.  and  is  a  na- 
tive of  Can.ida.  He  moved  to  Milwaukee,  re- 
maining one  and  one- half  years;  thent*  to  New 
].,islxin.  Wis<'onsln.  where  he  remained  fouryears. 
In  1873  he  located  at  .Miinieajiolis.  and  live  years 
later  joined  the  Co-operative  Harrel  Company, 
and  has  remained  with  them  since.  Is  a  cooper 
and  hiis  followed  his  trade  twenlv-elglit  years. 
He  was  unitt'd  in  marriage,  in  18.')4,  to  Miss 
Maria  Powers.  They  are  |)arenlsof  six  children. 
Hrsldeni-e.  1  |(I7  Fourth  street  .south. 

■loJMi  Thompson,  a  resident  of  .Minneapolis,  is 
a  native  of  Norway.  Ixirn  in  184.3.  Learned  the 
trade  of  Hliip-car|H'nter  in  his  native  country,  and 
ill  \na!i  came  to  Ainericji.  For  seven  years  he 
resided  at  I.j«Crosse.  Wisconsin,  being  employed 
In  liavidson's  ship-yanis,  two  years,  aii'i  was  in 
the  unUwin  lMisine»s  Ave  yean*.     He  removed  to 

Mhiiii'ii|K>lls  ill  1872.  and  has  siiic4-  I iigagecl 

in  the  .HiiliM.n  liusJni'SM.  He  wjis  married  t<i  Miss 
Lei.a  JoliiuMiii  in  ls7i. 


J.  II.  Thompson  was  born  in  York  county, 
Elaine,  .Vugust  I7th.  1S34.  Learned  the  tailor's 
trade  at  North  Ihldgeton,  after  which  lie  re- 
moved to  Augusta,  thence  to  Miiineai)olis  in  18.57. 
He  has  bsen  continuously  in  business  in  this  city 
since.  He  was  married  in  this  city  to  Miss  Ellen 
M.  Could  of  Minneapolis,  in  1880.  They  have 
had  three  children:  Mattie  ('.,  William  G.,  and 
Nellie  H.     Resides  (ilS  Hennepin  Avenue. 

J.  M.  Thomi)son  was  born  at  Brooklyn,  Min- 
nesota, October  4tli.  1S.">1).  He  passed  his  early 
boy-hood  on  a  farm  with  his  parents,  then  en- 
tered the  Minneapolis  Mill,  in  the  employ  of 
Croi'ker.  Fisk  and  ("ompany.  He  learned  the 
miller's  trade,  and  has  been  engaged  with  the 
firm  since. 

R.  B.  Thomp.son  was  born  in  Kane  county, 
Illinois,  in  184!).  Ileuameto  Minneapolis  in  1.SG5, 
and  was  with  Captain  Rollins  four  years.  He 
attended  the  University  one  and  one-half  years. 
Through  the  inlluence  of  Captain  Rollins  he 
he  secured  a  situation  with  H.  J.  Taylor  of  St. 
Paul,  in  the  Iuml)er  business,  and  remained  with 
him  five  years.  He  then  returned  to  this  city 
and  engaged  with  Merriman  and  Company,  which 
firm  still  retains  his  services.  Married  Miss 
tiussie  Ringer  in  187-3.  They  have  one  child: 
Arthur. 

T.  Thompson  is  a  native  of  Norway,  born  in 
1853.  Came  to  the  United  Slates  in  ISGO,  lo- 
cating at  Empire,  Minnesota,  remaining  three 
years;  thence  to  Minneapolis.  Three  years  later 
he  went  to  Chicago,  and  the  next  year  returned 
to  his  native  country.  In  1878  he  again  became 
a  resident  of  Minneapolis  dealing  in  flour  and 
fi^ed  at  020  Fir.st  Avenue  south.  Ills  wife  was 
.\miie  .M.  Oleson,  whom  he  marrieil  in  I8S(). 

Isaiah  Tidd  was  born  .March  11th,  1827,  at 
Passadumkeag,  Penobscot  county,  Maine.  En- 
gaged in  lumbering  there  until  bs-'il;  he  then 
came  to  SI.  ,\ntliony,aud  in  the  fall  of  18,52  went 
up  the  Rum  river  exploring  for  Blaisdell  and 
Jaekins.  He  was  lumbi-ring  for  them  three 
years,  and  was  with  a  brother  in  business  seven 
yeai-s.  He  joined  the  North  Star  Marrcl  Comi>any 
in  187ii,  and  in  188(»  bought  into  the  East  Side 
Co-operative  Company  as  a  cooper.  He  was 
united  in  miirriage  to  .Miss  Hann:ih  Fleatham,  a 
native  of  New  Vork,  August  13lli,  18-54.  This 
was  the  lii-st  marriage  in   Muiiieaixilis  township. 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


64o 


They  have  two  children:  Etta  May  and  William 
R. 

J.  B.  Tinkelpaugh  is  a  native  of  Luzerne  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania,  bom  in  1827.  His  early  years 
were  passed  in  mechanical  pursuits,  in  the  states 
of  New  York  and  Indiana.  lie  came  to  Minne- 
apolis in  1857,  and  as  a  mechanic  was  engaged  in 
the  erection  of  some  of  the  first  buildings  in  this 
city  and  Anoka.  In  1863,  removed  to  Mich- 
igan, and  three  years  later  went  to  Bates  county, 
Missouri,  where  he  resided  eight  years.  In 
1877,  returned  to  this  city,  and  has  since  been 
manufacturing  confectionery  in  East  Minneapolis. 

Felix  Tissot  was  bom  December  21st,  1834.  in 
Lyons,  France,  in  which  city  he  was  partially  ed- 
ucated. In  1854,  he  came  to  America,  and  after 
a  brief  visit  to  St.  Anthony,  repaired  to  the  Bar- 
rens, St.  Mary's  College  Mission,  where  he  com- 
pleted his  theological  education,  and  on  the 
fifteenth  of  August,  1858,  was  ordained  at  Du- 
buque, Iowa,  after  which  he  was  stationed  at 
Wabasha  in  charge  of  all  the  parishes  in  AVaba- 
sha  and  Goodhue  counties  until  his  removal  to 
Minneapolis  in  1866. 

E.  M.  Titterud  was  born  in  Korway,  January 
17th,  1833.  Learned  the  shoemaker's  trade  in 
his  native  coimtry,  and  in  1866.  came  to  the 
United  States.  Settled  in  Minneapolis,  and  after 
being  a  journeyman  for  Dillingham  and  Veazie  a 
short  time,  he  started  a  shop  of  his  own  in  which 
he  still  continues  at  1110  Washington  Avenue 
south.  He  was  married  in  1866  to  Miss  O.  B. 
Berg,  a  native  of  Norway.  They  have  had  eight 
children,  five  now  living. 

O.  H.  Titus  was  bom  in  Onondaga  county, 
New  York,  February  10th,  1849.  He  came  to 
Afton,  Minnesota,  in  1865  and  remained  one  year 
and  returned  to  New  York.  In  April  1871 ,  came  to 
ISIinneapolis,  and  was  with  the  I'illsburys  eight 
months;  then  was  with  G.  II.  Christian  in  the 
Washburn  B  mill  one  year;  thence  to  Chicago 
where  he  ran  the  State  mill  one  year.  Was  also 
engaged  in  milling  in  other  places  and  returned 
to  this  city  iu  1878.  He  was  employed  in  the 
Zenith  mill  three  months,  then  entered  the  Pettit 
mill  where  he  has  since  remained  as  stone-dresser. 
He  maried  Emma  Lamson.  November  17th, 
1872.    Albert  H.  and  Carrie,  are  the  children. 

Julius  C.  Todd  was  born  iu  Alabama,  Sep- 
tember 30th,  1847.     He  is  of  African  descent 


and  was  a  slave  in  the  south  until  released  by 
President  Abraham  Lincoln's  proclamation.  In 
1864  he  came  north  to  Minneapolis,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  is  now  doing  a  prosperous 
business  as  an  expressman. 

R.  C.  Todd  was  born  at  Wilkesbarre,  Pennsyl- 
vania, December  24th,  1818.  He  became  familiar 
with  the  mason's  trade  at  Newark,  New  Jersey, 
in  1833,  and  commenced  business  as  a  contractor 
in  1847.  which  he  still  follows.  Was  a  resident 
of  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  seven  years,  removing 
to  Madison;  thence  to  Red  Wing,  Minnesota. 
Located  at  Minneapolis  in  1870.  and  has  superin- 
tended the  erection  of  nearly  all  the  principal 
buildings  in  the  city  which  have  been  erected 
since  his  coming.  Some  of  them  are:  Harden- 
bergh  mill.  First  National  Bank,  AVarner's  block, 
Harrison's  block  and  others.  He  was  united  in 
marriage  in  1841,  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Agens,  of 
Plainfield  New  Jersey. 

A.  Tollefsou  is  a  native  of  Norway,  born  Feb- 
ruary 3d,  1837.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  learned 
carpentering,  and  has  followed  it  since.  He  came 
to  America  in  1861,  locating  at  Lansing,  Iowa. 
He  built  thirteen  churches  at  and  near  that  town. 
In  partnership  with  his  brother,  dealt  in  lumber 
in  connection  with  his  trade,  from  1872  until  1878. 
He  removed  to  Minneapolis  in  1878,  and  has  since 
been  doing  a  fine  business  as  contractor  and 
builder.  Married  Miss  B.  Kuutson,  of  Norway, 
in  I860,  who  has  borne  him  three  sons  and  three 
daughters.  Residence,  900  Fourteenth  Avenue 
south. 

L.  Toscany,  proprietor  of  the  Quebec  House, 
is  a  native  of  France,  bom  in  1842,  and  came  to 
the  United  States  at  two  years  of  age.  In  1874, 
removed  to  Minneapolis  from  Bay  City,  Michi- 
gan, where  he  had  resided  fifteen  years  in  the  ho- 
tel business.  He  has  been  proprietor  of  the 
Quebec  House  since  May  loth,  1880.  It  is  lo- 
cated at  228  First  street  north. 

L.  M.  Towne  was  born  in  Kent  county  Michi- 
gan, July  17th,  1857.  Became  a  resident  of  La 
Crosse  in  I860  where  he  remained  until  coming  to 
Minneapolis  in  1874.  Worked  for  the  North- 
western Telegraph  Conipanv  until  December. 
1879,  when  he  bought  stock  in  the  Telephone 
Company,  and  was  first  treasurer,  which  position 
he  held  till  the  election  of  Mr.  C.  H.  Prior.  Mr. 
Towne  is  at  present,  auditor  of  the  company. 


646 


JJJSTOIiY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Giistaf  Edward  Torii<:vist  was  Ixirii  in  Wester- 
gotlaiid.  Sweden,  NnvcmlxT  liTlli,  lso((.  Attend- 
ed tlie  Lyceum  at  Stockholm,  where  he  studied 
thcolopy.  Came  to  America  in  August,  1877, 
and  went  to  California  as  a  missionary  to  the 
Scandinavians.  In  1 879  retunied  to  Chicago,  was 
ordained  and  went  back  to  San  Francisco,  where 
lie  nniained  until  August,  1880.  He  then  re- 
ceived a  call  from  tlie  congregation  at  Alinneapo- 
lis,  and  at  once  took  charge. 

F.  E.  Towers,  M.  D.,  was  honi  at  Kichmond, 
"\'ermont,  March  (ith.  18.")I.  lie  was  educated  at 
Uarre,  \'ermont.  graduating  from  tlie  Goddard 
University  at  that  place  in  1872.  He  studied 
medicine  at  IJurlington  A'eterinary  Medical  Col- 
lege and  graduated  from  the  State  riiiversily  of 
N'ew  York  with  the  degrie  of  medical  doctor. 
After  graduating  he  studied  one  year  with  Pro- 
fe.s.sor  A.  I>.  Loomis,  M.  D.,  taking  a  special 
course  in  jOnsical  diagnosis.  lie  i>racticed  in 
Corry.  Pennsylvania,  four  and  one-lialf  years, 
coming  to  Minniapolis  in  May,  1880,  where  he 
has  since  practiced.  Located  1110  Washington 
Avenue  north. 

S.  L  Towers  was  horn  at  Richmond.  Vermont, 
Septemher  llth,  185S.  After  receiving  a  liberal 
education  in  his  native  town  he  went  to  New 
York  cily  in  1H7-1,  where  he  wdrked  one  year.  He 
then  went  to  New  Jersey,  being  eng-.iged  in  the 
<lrug  business.  In  1877  he  went  to  New  Orleans 
and  after  a  shoil  stay  returned  lo  his  ohl  home, 
n-mainnig  initil  18so.  He  located  in  .Miiineapo- 
lis  in  J inic  of  the  same  year  and  started  in  the 
iMKit  and  shoe  trade,  at  1  ll!i  Wa.shington  Avenue 

HOUtll. 

().  y.  TousU'V,  superintendent  of  public  sch(K)ls 
in  MinneaiMdis,  was  born  al  Clarendon,  Orleans 
county.  New  York,  March  lllh,  1831.  He  was 
educated  at  the  coniiiiou  >chiMil.  Albion  -Xcadeniy. 
two  years  at  (Jbcrlin.  Ohio,  and  at  Williams  Col- 
lege wlierc  lie  graduated  in  18.')4.  While  in  col- 
lege he  studied  law.  and  after  graduation  went  to 
Albany.  New  Vork.  into  the  ollice  of  Hill,  ('ag- 
ger and  Porter.  (vKin  after  wjis  admitte<l  to  the 
bar  and  siH-nt  some  time  reading  law,  history,  ami 
in  general  stuily  in  the  state  library.  The  next 
thiee  \ears  he  spent  settling  up  the  est;ite  of 
his  father  who  had  died  a  niuuber  of  years  before. 
HIm  mother  dle<l  when  lie  wait  thirteen  years  of  age. 
In  1H67,  he  C4une  west,  stopping  for  a  lime  in  Illi- 


nois and  Iowa.  He  invested  his  patrimony  In 
such  channels  as  to  turn  his  attention  from  law  to 
teaching,  and  went  to  Tennessee  wJiere  he  taught 
two  years.  When  war  was  breaking  out  he  came 
to  Indiana,  and  at  New  Albany  taught  in  Tous- 
ley"s  Academy  for  ten  years.  In  1869  he  came 
to  Minneapolis  and  entered  the  office  of  Judge 
Atwater,  remaining  about  six  months  when  he 
was  called  to  take  charge  of  the  high  school,  and 
in  1S71,  was  appouited  superintendent  of  the  city 
schools  to  take  the  place  of  Professor  Hiskey, 
deceased.  Since  that  time  he  has  contiiuied  to 
raise  the  standard  of  the  schools,  until  now 
Minneapolis  has  one  of  the  finest  systems  of 
schools  in  the  I'nited  States.  Professor  Tousley 
was  married  in  18.')8  to  Miss  Susan  S.  Toll. 

G.  U.  Townsend  was  born  at  Jay,  Maine,  May 
2d,  18-15.  He  lived  with  his  parents  on  the  farm 
until  sixteen,  then  went  to  Massachusetts  and 
worked  one  season  on  a  farm  and  returned. 
In  18(;4.  enlisted  in  the  Thirty-first  Maine.  Re- 
ceived his  discharge  at  the  end  of  eighteen 
mouths,  having  iiarticijiated  in  many  of  the  hard- 
est fought  battles  of  the  war.  He  retunu!il  home, 
and  the  next  year  went  to  Portland,  Maine,  and 
attended  the  Rryant  and  Slratton  Husiiiess  Col- 
lege. In  1877,  located  at  Minneapolis,  engaging 
in  different  occupations  for  one  year,  then  was 
employed  by  C.  A.  Pillsbury.  His  position  at 
the  Excelsior  mill  is  that  of  shipping  clerk  and 
salesman. 

C.  W.  Tracy  wiisborn  in  Windsor  coiuity,  Xer- 
nidiit.  ill  .lime.  Isi7.  Remained  there  until  the 
age  of  lifteeu.  then  went  to  New  York  city  and 
engaged  in  the  iiroduce,  commission  and  whole- 
sale grocery  business  for  four  yeare.  He  then 
removed  to  Green  Ray,  Wisconsin,  and  remained 
in  grain  siieculations  until  coming  to  Minneapo- 
lis in  IS7t).  In  the  fall  of  that  year  entered  the 
Millers"  Association.  In  January,  ISSO,  took 
charge  of  "Elevator  A"  for  the  .Minneapolis  Ele- 
vator Coniiiaiiy.  and  has  since  hi  Id  the  position 
of  superintendent.  He  was  niari'ie<l  in  May, 
1871,  to  Miss  ilary  E.  Durkee  of  Vermont. 
Their  children  are  Martha.  Sherman  and  Min- 
nie l..ee. 

August  Tnieger  is  a  native  of  Prussia,  born 
August  4th,  1821.  Came  to  the  I'liiteil  States  in 
1852.  anil  worked  at  tin-smithing  in  Ohio  three 
years;  then  removed   to  Fort    Wa\iie,  Indiana, 


BJOGBAFHJCAL. 


647 


thence  to  Decatur,  where  he  attended  to  liard- 
ware  business  until  coming  to  Minneapolis  in 
1866.  He  began  the  manufacture  of  eaves- 
tronghs;  also  sold  lightning-rods  throughout 
the  country.  Since  1879  has  been  proprietor  of 
a  billiard  hall  and  sample  room.  lie  was  mar- 
to  Mary  ihiskc.  Their  children  are  Emma  A., 
Maria  L.,  August  C,  Theresa  J.,  Wilhelm  F., 
Bertha  C.  Louise  P.,  Charles  J.  and  Adolph  G. 

James  A.  Tyler  was  born  at  Machias.  Maine, 
in  18.51.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in  the  spring  of 
1872,  and  l"arned  the  carpenter's  trade;  has  since 
continued  in  that  business.  He  married  Miss 
Ella  L.  Wilkins,  of  JSIiddletown,  Massachusetts, 
in  1879.  Residence,  216  Twentieth  street  north. 
II.  M.  Leighton,  liis  partner,  is  also  a  native  of 
iMaine.  They  are  doing  an  extensive  business 
as  contractors  and  builders.  Office  and  shop  lo- 
cated on  rifth  street  between  Sixth  and  Seventh 
Avenues  south. 

T.  S.  Tyler  was  born  in  1S37  in  New  York 
city.  In  early  life  he  moved  witli  his  parents  to 
Michigan.  lie  has  traveled  through  many  of  the 
states  engaged  in  the  coopering  business.  In 
1876,  removed  to  Minneapolis,  and  has  lived  here 
since  that  time,  lie  is  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
Co-operative  Barrel  Manufacturing  Compatiy. 

A.  Ueland,  attorney,  a  native  of  Norway, 
was  born  February  21st,  1853.  He  attended 
school  in  his  native  country,  came  to  America, 
June  1871  .and  attended  a  course  at  Barnard's  Busi- 
ness college.  Located  at  Minneapolis  and  read  law 
with  Judge  E.  Reynolds;  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  May  1877.  He  was  married  in  this  city  to  Miss 
Anna  Ohlhouse  in  1879.  Their  union  was  brief: 
she  died  in  March  1880.  O.  G.  Ueland.  his  father, 
was  a  member  of  the  Norwegian  Parliament  from 
1833  till  the  time  of  liis  death,  in  1870. 

John  I'lisgaard  is  a  native  of  Norv^-ay,  born 
January  14th.  1841.  On  arriving  in  the  United 
States,  located  in  Michigan,  and  dealt  in  lumber; 
thence  to  Minnesota  and  worked  on  a  farm  two 
years  in  Goodhue  comity.  lie  became  a  resident 
of  Minneapolis  in  1870,  and  for  three  years  was 
in  the  employ  of  L.  Day  and  Sons  in  liimbedng, 
then  for  four  years  worked  for  different  boot  and 
shoe  firms.  March  20th,  1878.  lie  opsiied  the  St. 
Ji:mes  restaurant  at  122  Washington  Avenue 
soutli.  He  married  Anna  Ile^stad  in  1873,  who 
bore  him  one  child,  William. 


Charles  II.  Upton,  of  the  firm  of  Lockwood, 
Upton  and  Company,  was  born  in  Maine,  June, 
1830.  He  learned  the  trade  of  machinist  with 
P.  Muzzy  at  Bangor,  Maine.  He  worked  one 
year  in  Boston,  and  came  to  Minneapolis  in  the 
spring  of  1858.  A  shop  was  opened  under  the 
firm  name  of  Scott  and  Morgan,  which  was 
burned  in  1862.  AVent  to  Montana  and  remained 
two  years,  returning  to  this  city  at  that  time.  He 
was  foreman  of  the  St.  Anthony  Iron  Works  un- 
til 1879,  after  wliich  he  became  a  member  of  the 
present  firm.  He  was  married  in  1857  to  Maria 
Fenton.  Their  children  are:  Horace  C,  Harvey 
L.,  Robert,  George  and  Mabel. 

Franklin  M.  I^phain  was  liorn  at  Chelmsford, 
Massachusetts,  in  1846.  Received  his  education 
at  Lowell  commercial  scliool.  In  1S66,  went 
to  Arlighton,  and  engaged  in  the  wholesale  meat 
and  provision  business;  he  remained  about  eleven 
years,  having  a  very  successful  trade.  He  came 
to  Minneapolis  in  1878  and  purchased  a  building 
site  on  the  east  side  near  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul  Short  Line  railway.  He  returned 
to  his  native  state  and  disposed  of  his  property 
there;  on  returning,  he  formed  the  company  of 
Upham,  Wynian  and  Coiii))any,  who  built  a  large 
refining  house,  and  are  now  doing  an  extensive 
business.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  his  sole 
property  consisted  of  one  horse  and  wagon.  His 
business  now  amounts  to  5150,000  annually.  Was 
married  to  Miss  Mary  Lawrence,  in  1874.  They 
have  two  children.  Laura  and  Mary. 

R.  P.  Upton  was  born  at  Dixmont,  Penobscot 
county,  Maine.  December  9tli,  1820.  Came  to  St. 
Anthony  in  June,  1850,  and  started  a  nursery 
and  poultry-yard  on  Nicollet  Island  in  the  spring 
of  1851;  the  summer  following  he  opened  a  gro- 
cery on  Main  street.  He  conducted  tlie  nursery 
two  years,  and  in  1853  added  to  his  grocery  a 
general  variety.  The  next  year  he  went  into 
partnership  with  Rollins  and  Eastman  in  a  flour- 
ing mill,  under  the  firm  name  of  Roll  us,  Upton 
and  Eastman.  After  three  year's  existence  the 
firm  changed;  Upton  and  Brotlier  owned  one- 
half  interest  in  the  mill.  In  1858,  removed  to 
Kingston,  Meeker  county,  and  ran  a  mill  four 
years.  During  the  Indian  outbreak  he  built  a 
stockade  around  his  mill,  and  continued  to  run  it. 
In  1S62  he  retiuned  to  Minneapolis,  and  the  next 
yiar  took  a  trip  to  Nevada,  remaining  live  years. 


MM 


JIJSTOnr  OF  IIESAEPIN  COUNTY. 


Up  u'»<  hctiiI  for  Uic 
..;,  ■  ...    vrar,  in   Uif  employ   of 

Uk  '  r  railitiad  kIx  niontli8,  Uieii 

-   in  wimiiany 

Mr.  Hay  and 

opMiod  mioIImt  ralltHl  llic  Kurrlui   Mills,  and   in 

■     '  '  ilic  Island.    Mr.  Tpton 

•  IT*. 

II  \  an  Clcxc.  adjiitanl  Rrncralof 

^'  11  at   I'linrilon.  Xc«  .If-rscy. 

II  io  t<al<-nial  anccsUirs  were 

'loiiifircat 

n  Collcpf, 

and  Ml  tiial  ln*U(utlon  (o  arcrpt  a  cadctsliip  at 

"■  ■■  '  ■      '  '  !■  C'^xliiHli-d  in 

'<n(l  Il*'iit4-nant 

III  I  nii<'<l  .'•laii-^  Infiiiilry.  July  Ist  of 

In  Spti-mU'r.  IM<(.  In-  n-MKi>(*<l  liis 

'n  and  mnovcd  lo  Mirlii^ran.  ^vhcro  he 

•    .  •'•   iwarcalilc   piirstiit   of  rivil 

• '  ;:  ^  ■i.vXc.     In  I H.VI  111- located  at 

I>uiig  IVKiHr,  Minn«w»U,  and  Inmed  liis  attcu- 

1  ng  out  of 

•  ^     to     liiN 

fxwnlry.  'IIh- gitvrnioi  «f  Mlnni'witiiKavrMiini  the 

'■ '     •    •'      -         it    .MinncMitn   n-i;iniciit, 

(liii'tisl  liraveli,  lliroiiKli 

wliirli    tlicy    >'ii|riK<'d     until 

-       .    ..  I»p  wn»  pnmioted  liripiclier 

PMirral.     U'liilr  raimtuanding  liiii  dIviKion  at  the 

•   iwii;.  he  \va.H 

'  i  to  reiln-  from 

Ihr  Oeid.    r|¥in  III*  recover)'  |i«  rmumixl  ilie 

'    '  '       *  '*  ;<nd  <uit 

"•iiufl  ef- 

;lie  latter  yeai 

.....  ;.il  for  "Kallanl 

«•■'  iliirini:  the  war."    He 

i|il«iiMleil 

III-    was 

•t  M.  Anttiouy.  Marrh 

'       he     iM-rvetl     until 

llll«!i-.l   ti,  |||(.  ,.jly 

.■<!.     lie 

'  •'<>'<.  which 

I  of  iKillle  Mr. 


iiiairied  March 22d, 
•■•   •  iJiK,  dauKliter  of  Major 


Nathan  Clark,  of  the  Tniled  States  army.  Their 
union  ha.s  hcen  bles.sed  « itli  twelve  children,  seven 
of  whom  are  livinft-  Elizabeth  A.,  who  married 
II.  V.  Hall  and  resides  at  Honolulu;  Horatio 
.Seymour,  who  married  Miss  Harriet  Hemiup ; 
Moitimer,  who  married  Miss  Sarah  Adams  of 
I'rovidencc ;  Samuel  Houston,  Paul  Ledyard,  who 
uiarrii'd  Miss  Alice  Davis  of  Miuneapolis  ;  John 
HIsley  and  Carl  Ernest.  Mrs.  '\'aii  Cleve  is  a 
\  lady  of  refinement  and  great  force  of  character. 
She  was  one  of  the  original  founders  of  the  -'Sis- 
terhmid  of  IJethany."  Since  its  formation  she 
has  held  the  iiosition  of  president,  and  tluough 
her  activity  and  zeal  has  enlisted  the  active  sym- 
pathy of  a  large  community.  She  is  one  who  is 
heartily  in  symiiatliy  with  every  undertaking 
which  tends  to  enlighten  and  elevate  society. 

Charlotte  Ouisconsin  Vaai  Cleve  is  the  daughter 
of  Xathan  Clark,  of  Houston,  Massachusetts, 
and  Charlotte  A.  Clark,  of  Hartford.  Connecti- 
cut. Hcrfather  was  major  of  the  Fifth  llegiment 
of  I'nited  States  Infantry.  Early  in  tlie  spring 
of  LSI?)  his  regiment  was  ordered  from  near  Buf- 
falo. New  V<irk,  to  Eort  Crawford  (I'rairieUu- 
Cliieii),  at  that  time  far  beyond  the  limits  of  civi- 
lization, and  '-almost  out  of  the  world."  Mrs. 
Clark,  though  in  delicate  health,  with  her  little 
son.  accompanied  Inm  through  tlie  trackless  and 
unknown  country,  the  journey  being  made  in 
government  wagons,  and  the  time  consumed  in 
traveling  from  IhifTalo  to  Fort  Crawford,  covering 
two  months.  And  here,  on  tlie  banks  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, in  the  rude  frontier  fort,  less  than  one 
hour  after  their  arrival,  little  Cliarlotte,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  first  ojieiied  her  eyes  and 
iM'gnn  the  battle  of  life.  I'oor  little  girl,  it  looked 
for  a  time  as  though  the  odds  of  the  battle  were 
nil  agsiinsl  her:  for  what  witli  a  mother  too  feelile 
to  airord  her  proper  nourisliiiienl.  and  not  a  cow 
within  iKis.sible  reaching  distance  of  them,  she 
waa  obliged  to  eke  out  a  precarious  existence  on 
a  kitiil  of  manufactured  pap.  pie)iared  from  the 
Hour  furnished  by  the  government  for  the  fort. 
hut  which  had  iH-en  water-soaked  in  Iransporla- 
llnn.  until  the  green  mould  stood  three  indies 
diM'p  around  the  si.lcs  of  tlie  barrel.  Hut  too 
iniiih  work  was  in  waiting  for  llio.se  little  hands, 
and  so.  in  spite  of  piivations  and  hardships,  she 
llviil  and  pros|N>red. 
After  a  few  weeks  rest  at  Fort  Crawford,  the 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


649 


regiment  embarked  on  keel  boats,  and  proceeded 
lip  tbe  Mississippi,  their  destination  being  the 
present  site  of  Fort  Snelling.  This  part  of  the 
journey  occupied  six  weeks.  As  they  were  the 
I)ionpers  tliey  lived  in  tlieir  boats  till  tliey  could 
Ituild  better  quarters.  Charlotte's  life  continued 
to  be  that  of  a  soldier's  child  in  fort  and  camp 
until  her  sixteenth  year,  when  she  lost  her  father, 
Major  ('lark  dying  at  fort  Winnebago.  Know- 
ing that  he  must  die,  and  feeling  distressed  at 
the  idea  of  leaving  liis  young  and  helpless  family 
alone,  without  any  natural  protector,  so  far  from 
kindred  or  friends,  lie  begged  lliat  the  engage- 
ment between  Iiis  young  daugliter,  and  one  of 
his  officers,  might  be  consummated  by  marriage 
immediately  after  Ids  death.  And  so  Cliarlotte 
Clark,  ngt  quite  sixteen  years  old,  became  the 
wife  of  Horatio  P.  Van  Cleve,  ten  years  lier  sen- 
ior. Thus  early  she  took  up  the  heavy  burden 
of  work  and  care  never  to  lay  it  down  till  she 
lies  down  with  it  in  her  grave. 

Since  her  marriage,  her  life  has  been  filled  with 
varied  experiences  of  change  of  home,  long 
journeys,  "always  with  a  baby  in  my  arms,"  she 
says,  hard  work  as  a  frontier  farmer's  wife,  sor- 
row and  joy.  Since  1856  her  steady  home  has 
been  in  Minnesota.  Twelve  children  liave  been 
born  to  this  liouseliold,  three  of  wliom  died  in 
infancy.  Tlie  oldest  son  was  instantly  killed, 
some  eighteen  years  since,  in  California.  Tlie 
sliock  of  tliis  terriljle  I)ereavement,  added  to 
anxiety  for  lier  husband,  tlien  in  the  army,  so 
wrought  upon  nervous  system  as  in  a  few  months 
to  bleacli  lier  liair  to  its  present  snowy  whiteness 
and  seriously  impair  her  liearing. 

One  daughter,  the  wife  of  Mortimer  Tliomp- 
son  (Doesticks),  died  leaving  an  infant  only  a 
few  days  old,  whicli  her  mother  took  to  her 
breast  with  her  own  child  of  the  same  age,  nurs- 
ing and  rearing  the  two  like  twins.  The  remain- 
ing daugliter,  the  wife  of  II.  V.  Hall,  has  her 
home  in  the  Sandwich  Islands.  Six  grown  sons 
are  settled  in  business,  all  living  in  Hennepin 
county. 

"While  her  own  children  were  yet  young,  she 
felt  called  upon  to  add  to  her  already  large  family, 
which,  from  the  first  included  a  young  sister  left 
homeless  by  her  father's  death,  the  six  orplian 
.cliildren  of  lier  brotlier.  all  of  wliom  have  grown 
up  in  her  house,  and  taken  tlieir  places  in  business 


life.  Later,  another  motherless  infant  girl  was 
brought  home  to  her  arms  and  care.  This  little 
one,  now  six  years  old  is  still  with  her,  so  that 
her  busy  life  has  included  mother  care  of  twenty- 
one  children. 

Yet,  filled  to  overtlowing,  as  her  hands,  head 
and  heart  have  always  been,  of  her  own  household 
duties,  slie  has  found  time  to  listen  to  and  assist, 
with  .sympathy,  advice  and  material  aid.  an  end- 
less procession  of  sorrowing  and  distressed  hu- 
manity. There  is  probably  no  woman  in  the 
state  who  has  done  more  to  lighten  the  burdens 
on  the  shoulders  of  the  poor,  the  sick,  the  aged 
and  the  distressed  than  Mrs.  Van  Cleve.  Her 
benevolence  is  of  the  active  type  which  leads  her 
to  throw  lierself  heart  and  soul  into  each  indi- 
vidual case,  nor  is  she  easily  turned  aside  by 
discovering  that  the  poverty  or  suffering  which 
she  is  called  upon  to  relieve,  is  the  result  of  the 
bad  management,  intemperance  or  sin  of  the  suf- 
ferer. While  glad  to  aid  the  Lord's  poor,  she  has 
great  faith  in  the  elevating  and  reformatory  in- 
fluence of  kindness  and  encouragement  on  the 
Devil's  poor  as  well.  The  past  is  past;  ''if  you  will 
help  yourself  I  will  help  you,"  is  the  spirit  in 
which  she  meets  all  rf^iplicants.  Referring  once 
to  her  sympathy  for  tramps,  and  her  efforts  to  aid 
some  of  them,  she  explamed  it  by  saying,  '-but 
you  know  I  came  so  near  being  born  a  tramp 
myself." 

This  by  no  means  covers  her  work.  An  easy 
speaker,  a  ready  writer,  she  has  devoted  a  great 
deal  of  her  time  and  strength  to  the  cause  of 
Foreign  Missions.  She  has  canvassed  the  state 
with  marked  success  for  the  past  several  years 
lecturing  and  organizing  Women's  Foreign  Mis- 
sion societies,  auxiliary  to  the  Presbyterian  so- 
ciety, and  holds  the  office  of  vice-president  for 
the  synod  of  Minnesota,  in  connection  with  that 
denomination. 

But,  though  after  the  straiglitest  manner  of  her 
sect,  a  Presbyterian,  her  views  are  broad  and  her 
nature  genial,  so  that  she  joins  hands  readily 
with  christians  of  wliatever  name.  Catholic  or 
Protestant  in  the  prosecution  of  any  good  work. 
She  literally  sows  beside  all  waters,  and  so  to-day 
we  lind  her  sending  her  daughter  or  her  beloved 
Sunday-school  scholar  across  the  ocean  on  a  for- 
eign mission,  and  to-morrow  traveling  in  hot 
haste  to  bring  the  priest  to  mmister  to  the  dying 


•60 


niSlORY  OF  HEKNEPiy  C0UN2  )'. 


HilM  "f  Imt  piior  wnJnTwoDiHii.  Said  tlip  mother 

■t  loiip  apo  :    "I 
.istiT  and  shall  be 
I,  <  iKitne  at  lat<t." 

.  Mr*.  \'h4i  ("leve  lias  ever 
1«  lirrM'X.    Tttotniea  wife, 

,.  .if  wonian's  liest 

(.!.  .       ...  _  ill  I***'"  a  warm 

a-lv-K-alp  of  hJT  riiilil  t"  wiuality  U-fore  the  law. 
).  Winn  the riuhl  i>f  Kiiffrape 

V  •    women    of    the  slate  on 
.in.    it    wHH    her  distlii>r"ished 

j  !»T  flntt  Itallot  in  rompany  with 

I  ,  four  imnii.    She  also  did  (r<x>d 

■iK-mlM-r  of  the  sch<K>l 

ItuI  of  all  formii  of  the  inJusUoe  of  society  to 

V  .      .  'it  and  ronsed 
)  .  imnishment 

iitmi  thr  fallMi  woman,    .so  i<tn>nKly  did 
'  r  !■  that   Bhe  at  la-st.  after  mneh 
iicd  to  take  ii|Min  herMdf  a.s  her 
do  what   one  woman  could,   to 

^  ,., i  ..i>>n  their  feet.  tlKise  of  her 

>«niirx.«'  <   t<-m|>lation  or  folly   had 

ilouu  til  (lie  (cf^iiind   ill   the  luieiiual 

Ijnngtif  Ulmrnd  qiilelly  and  alone,  rearhin); 

,,  •     •    ■  '  '  ,       •     :i  ()-m|>led  and  there 

lH-<-anie  nmn-  familiar 

iiitii  o(  the  I'lasH.  shi'  Niw 

. ..„..!  lie  dtme  hy  oivanized  ef- 

AriJnit  on  ihlH  ronvielion  ahe 

'  ;;  ('liriKtian 

'    woik,  and 

itgrilti  ilir>  i>-iil<-d  a  hoiiRp  and  oimiiH  a  home 

"I  tli<-mwlvi-s  the 
••  ;   liiiiiw   Itt'tliany 

II 

''\   a  wotk  of  fiilth,  for  at  that 

liad  no  money,  no  inrolne,  no 

Their  or- 

'    |>nlillf.  the 

>>■•  frrHn  iU  very  naliire.  diltlctill  to 

I  •  ■  ■•'•t  fal- 

I'  li.|«ind 

I  ily  to  |Mil  tlie   linnie  on  n 

•  ■ "ne  and   a   plare 

f  f  the  rity.     she 

caikti  ufiMi  liM-  imiUh  Iwt  li<-i|<,  IhutUKh  tlie  |iivwt, 


[  from  the  platform  and  by  personal  appeal;  clieer- 
fully  taking  censure,  ridicule  or  rebuff,  liaviug 
that  rare  and  happy  faculty  so  necessary  to  suc- 
cess, of  always  tuniiiiR  a  deaf  ear  towards  the 
faultlinder.  and  the  sharp,  quick  ear  toward  the 
voice  that  offered  aid. 

This  work  has  constantly  called  her  to  the  jail, 
the  prison,  the  penitentiary,  the  variety  theatre, 
the  low  dark  haunts  of  sin,  to  all  of  which  she 
h.is  Rone  fearlessly  and  come  away  unharmed, 
leavinji  bi'hin<l  her  the  perfume  of  the  "good  word 
fitly  siMiken." 

The  lesson  to  be  learned  from  Mrs.  A'anCleve's 
life  is  that  neither  wealth  nor  high  station,  nor  a 
life  of  freedom  from  the  common  cares  incident 
to  the  life  of  women,  are  necessary  to  the  accom- 
plishment of  great  good.  But  tlie  cheerful  smile, 
the  loving  heart  and  the  willing,  industrious  hand, 
all  dedicated  to  the  service  of  (jod  and  luimaiiity, 
makes  a  power  whose  influence  for  good,  like  the 
influence  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  only  an 
eternity  can  measure. 

S.  II.  \:m  {'leve.  son  of  General  A'an  Cleve, 
was  born  at  Ann  Arbor,  ilichigan.  May  21st, 
1863.  Moved  to  Todd  county,  Minnesota,  with 
his  parents,  and  thence  to  Minneapolis  in  ISfil. 
Ill- passed  live  yeare  on  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and 
three  years  in  the  study  of  medicine.  Attended 
the  schoolsof  .Minneapolis,  the  State  IT?iiversity, 
and  gniduated  fnun  tlii-  ("ollege  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  at  New  York  in  Alarch,  18,so.  With 
the  exception  of  the  eight  years  mentioned,  he 
live<l  in  this  city  since  eight  years  of  age. 

(i.  T.  X'ail  was  born  in  Xew  lirnnswick  in  1S20. 
Located  in  .Minneapolis  in  is.jii,  cuLcageil  iricoii- 
tnicling  and  building,  and  conlinueil  until  1867, 
at  which  time  he  bi-gan  in  the  undertaking  busi- 
ness. Ileslill  continues,  and  is  the  oMest  estab- 
lished exclusive  underliiker  in  the  city.  The 
changes  in  the  111  in  are  as  follows:  In  IKiii)  the 
lirm  of  Curtis  and  Vail  was  established,  succeed- 
ed hy  (!.  T.  \'ail.  In  .May.  1K7J.  the  present  firm 
of  (J.  T.  \'ail  and  Company  was  formed.  Loca- 
tion. 112  \Va.shington  Avenue  south. 

Oh-  I'eliMson  N'aiinsnes  was  born  in  Sogu,  Nor- 
way. .laniiary  lull.  1.S.V,.  He  came  lo  .Vmerica 
w  Ith  his  parents  in  IKUI,  and  settled  at  Decorah, 
Iowa,  and  soon  after  enlcred  the  Norwegian  C<d- 
lege.  (iiiuhialiiig  at  Decorah  in  1. ST.'),  lie  went 
to  a   (ierinan  Lutheran  seminary  at  St,   Louis, 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


651 


whence  he  graduated  in  1878,  and  at  once  received 
a  call  from  the  congregation  over  wliich  he  now 
presides. 

Charles  E.  Vanderburgh,  judge  of  the  fourth 
judicial  district,  is  a  native  of  the  lilohavvk  Val- 
ley, Xew  York,  born  at  Clifton  Park,  Saratoga 
county,  December  2d,  1829.  At  the  age  of  seven 
years  he  accompanied  his  parents  to  Marcellus 
and  there  attended  district  school  winters  and 
worked  on  the  farm  summers.  lie  prepared  him- 
self for  college  at  the  district  school  and  at 
Homer,  New  York,  by  teaching  in  winter.  lie 
entered  the  Sophomore  year  at  Yale  College  in 
1849  and  graduated  iu  the  class  of  '52.  lie  then 
took  charge  as  principal  of  the  Oxford  Academy, 
Oxford,  Chenango  county,  New  York ;  remained 
in  that  position  one  year  then  commenced  the 
study  of  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1855,  and  in  the  fall  started  west,  reaching  Min- 
neapolis the  spring  of  1856,  and  has  since  made 
this  city  his  home.  On  his  arrival  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  Judge  F.  K.  E.  Cornell  in  the 
practice  of  law,  this  firm  continuing  initil  1859. 
In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  was  elected  judge  of 
this  district  which  then  embraced  all  the  territory 
west  of  the  Mississippi  river,  from  Fort  Snelling 
to  the  British  Possessions.  He  was  re-elected  in 
1866,  1873  and  1880.  In  1877  the  legislature  con- 
solidated the  district  court  and  the  court  of  com- 
mon pleas  and  Judge  Young  was  elected  associ- 
ate judge  with  Judge  Vanderburgh  ;  from  1859 
till  1877  he  was  the  sole  judge  of  the  district.  He 
married  Miss  Julia  K.  Mygatt,  of  Oxford,  New 
York,  in  1857.  Slie  died  in  1863  leaving  two 
children:  AVilliam  II,  and  Julia  Mygatt.  Tlie 
latter  died  iu  1871.  His  second  wife  was  Miss 
Anna  Culbert;  married  in  the  spring  of  1873. 
They  have  one  child,  Isabella  Mclntyre. 

Milo  Vanhorn  was  born  iu  Greene  county,  M'is- 
consin,  in  1811.  Came  to  Winona,  Miunesota, 
and  remained  until  1865  then  removed  to  Cliuton, 
Iowa.  In  1876  he  removed  to  Grand  Rapids. 
Michigan,  where  he  remained  until  coming  to 
Minneapolis  iu  1878.  Was  in  the  employ  of  J.  C. 
Oswald  and  now  has  charge  of  J.  II.  Henderson's 
stable. 

Henry  Van  Valkenbur^  was  born  at  Leroy, 
New  York,  in  1826,  where  he  lived  until  1844. 
He  then  went  to  Toledo,  Ohio,  and  was  connected 
with  the  Indiana  Hotel.    In  1857,  came  to  Way- 


zata,  Minnesota,  where  he  engaged  in  the  pearl- 
ash  and  pot-ash  manufacture,  being  the  first 
manufacture  of  this  commodity  in  the  state.  Two 
years  later  he  closed  out  and  located  in  Minneap- 
olis, engaging  in  a  grocerj'  until  1860,  and  after- 
wards in  auction  and  commission  business.  He 
was  married  in  1853  to  Katie  Martin,  of  New- 
York.  They  have  only  one  child  living :  Katie, 
now  Mrs.  Farrington  of  this  city. 

N.  C.  Van  Valkenberg  was  born  in  McIIenry 
county,  IlHnois,  January  3d,  1844.  In  1853,  came 
with  his  parents  to  Richfield,  Minnesota.  Here 
he  remained  on  the  farm  until  1861,  when  he  en- 
listed in  Company  II,  First  Minnesota  Infantry; 
was  discharged  nine  months  after,  but  re-enlisted 
August  22d,  1863,  in  Hatch's  Independent  Bat- 
talion, and  served  until  mustered  out  iu  June, 
1866,  at  Fort  Snelling.  The  same  year,  came  to 
Minneapolis  and  worked  at  his  trade  of  mill- 
wright, and  had  charge  of  the  machinery  of  the 
Washburn  "  B"  mill  for  five  years.  In  1879  he 
opened  a  grocery  store,  in  which  he  still  contin- 
ues. He  was  married  in  1872,  to  Annie  B., 
daughter  of  Martin  Layman,  who  has  borne  him 
three  children:  Charles,  Allie  and  Mabel. 

A.  T.  Valentine  was  born  in  Somerset  county, 
Maine,  in  1833.  Came  to  Minneapolis  in  1856, 
and  engaged  in  lumbering  ten  years,  when  he  en- 
tered the  meat  business.  In  1875  he  bought  a 
farm,  which  he  worked  until  1880.  During  that 
winter  he  and  his  brother,  L.  D.,  built  their  pres- 
ent business  house,  and  taking  B.  Wells  as  part- 
ner, resumed  business  with  the  firm  name  of 
Valentine  and  Company.  The  firm  is  now  Val- 
entine Brothers.  Was  married  in  1862  to  Flor- 
ence Bartlett,  of  Maine.  Their  children  are: 
Guy,  Bernice,  Lee  and  Mary. 

L.  D.  Valentine,  of  the  firm  of  Valentine 
Brothers,  was  born  in  Somerset  county,  Maine, 
1838.  In  1856,  came  to  St.  Anthony,  and  with 
the  exception  of  two  years"  residence  in  Idaho, 
has  made  tliis  his  permanent  place  of  abode.  He 
was  engaged  in  dry  goods  and  groceries  until 
1866  with  L.  C.  Smith,  but  since  then  has  been 
with  his  brother  iu  the  meat  market.  He  was 
married  in  1864  to  Helen  A.  Borrows,  who  bore 
him  one  child,  Freddie. 

Louis  Vorwerk  was  born  in  Germany,  June 
20tli,  1832.  Was  educated  in  his  native  country, 
aud  came  to  America  the  summer  of  1852.    He 


ftSS 


uisionr  uF  jiEXKEPiy  couyrv. 


Uvri  Uiiw  y**n  In  the  nUtVf  of  New  York,  and 

t!  ..     Hf  cvime   l<i   Miniipsota 

•  m   a  fami   in   Watonwan 

iiitl  until   tliP   Indian 

.,,    ,,,  ,  —  ., was  driven   fmm   his 

Camp  tu  MinncaiMiliMaiid  worktHi  in  the 
J  iW'd   cndiijjh 

J,     ,  ^  '        |ii  iml  a  gn>- 

r»-r>  at  »«  FlfUi  irtnwt  n<»mi-eaM.     Mis  marriiiRe 
I,      •■  .    Falipr  iwnrnsl  OtIoImt  IdUi, 

)  Thry  liavo  four  cliihlrcn   liv- 

ing:     !  KhntlMtii   K..   lyuuis    W.  aiid 

Kiwlii > 


(  IIAITKH  I-XXXIV. 

IIKHiKAnill  Al.,  W,   Y   Avn  ■/.. 

Arthur  Walco.  of  ihf  flrni  of  Walr-H  IJmthers, 
«-M  Uim  lnTrannwn>,in  lK5Ji.    Phillip  was  bom 

tt\  "  1H.'«7.     Tli<'\  c-atnr  to  Minni-a|Ki- 

li"  in  IKTd  c-onitiii-nccil  tin-  tnanii- 

(wtiiti'  of  cjiiiiiK't  oniHJiii.  In  the  fall  of  1877 
t'  •  '  •  ■'  •  <  Ti<t  |ii|H-  orK»ii.  It  iK  now  in  use 
It  if  «"liuirh;  in   IhMl  they  tnadu 

I'  wrnt   loCarviT  county.     Wil- 

li,, i.illiiT  o(  tlicM-  Ki'Mtlcnii-n.  wiiH  a 

pninilnrtil  man  of  iinltimon*,  and  at  the  oitmiuK 
<■'  i     'I  Jrnnic  Anioriran. 

>  \iitlioii\.  Oc'tiihiT 

nil,  |k:i|.     At   llic  M|K-  of   twclvi-  lii>  iH-itan  his 

I";-  ■    - •  ••  ■  '  ' '  '»t.  I'aul  I'iiiiK'cr 

«'  :it  thai   tiini-  no 

«'■  'uy  or  Min- 

'  '  for  hcvc-nil 

limp  al(4tiilln|{  xrhoiil.     InlNOtt 
I"  '  J.  A    ArtnMiiiiinf.  his 

•  -  "I  yaril  In  the  rily  ;  ho 

!•  <u  alHNit  Uvp  yparHuiid  then  ph- 

}'  |intiii>N 

«•'  .1  into 

«i  • :< ...  1  ...  MVim- 

|«n;.  Mr  Waitm  «•«  canlilpr  unUI  Ihn  death  of 
Mr.  Ar«i*4inng.  titicr  then  he  he  ban  Inm-ii  «Kenl. 


lie  married  llatlie  Raymond,  in  1879;  she  has 
iHinie  liim  one  cliild,  Marie. 

William  W.  Wales  was  born  M;inli  1  Uli.  1818, 
ill  Iredell  county.  North  Carolina.  In  1S4-5,  re- 
moved to  (in'ensburg.  Indiana. and  taught  school 
in  that  place  for  a  time;  then  engaged  in  the  book 
and  stationery  business.  In  IS.JI  he  c;um>  to  St. 
Aniliony  and  oecnpied  himself  in  gardening 
aUiut  three  years,  after  which  be  again  went  in  the 
iKHik  trade.  Mr.  Wales"  connection  with  local  pol- 
itics has  been  important;  he  held  the  ollice  of  city 
clerk  three  years,  was  postmaster  two  years  dur- 
ing President  Lincoln's  administration,  and  was 
twice  mayor  of  St.  Anthony;  in  18.")6  lie  was  a 
member  of  the  territarial  CJuncil,  and  the  next 
year  was  s(>iit  by  the  society  of  Friends,  of  Indi- 
ana, to  assume  charge  of  a  colored  orphan  asy- 
lum in  Mississippi,  but  failing  health  obliged  him 
to  return  to  Aliiineapolis.  In  18()8  be  opened  bis 
pres<'nt  business  of  paper-hangings,  window- 
shades,  etc.  Mr.  Wales  married  Catherine  Buii- 
dy  in  1848.  They  have  bad  eight  children:  Ma- 
ria. Charles.  Laura.  William,  Florence  and  Net- 
lie  are  living. 

Thomas  H.  Walker  was  born  in  Xenia,  Green 
county.  Ohio.  February  1st,  1840.  His  father 
died  in  184il.  and  in  18.5(>  the  family  removed  to 
IJerea,  where  be  aided  in  the  support  of  the  fam- 
ily, and  secured  the  rniliinents  of  an  education. 
Having  a  taste  for  mathematics,  be  pursued  the 
study  of  engineering,  astronomy,  calculus  and 
Newloii"s  "I'riiicipia."  Mr.  Walker  came  to 
Minne.sotjl  in  1862,  dnring  tlie  Indian  onllireak, 
and  followed  surveying,  railroad  engineering, 
iiiid  examining  land  ami  exploring  until  about 
1873.  In  18K8hecomliiiiiMl  witli  Dr.  Levi  linller 
and  H.  W.  Mills  under  Uie  liini  name  of  Huller, 
.Mills  and  Walker.  Inniber  mannractiirers  and 
dealers, (xintiiiiiiii!:  in  the  linn  until  1.87(1.  During 
Uie.Hi;  years  he  was  also  interested  in  lands  and 
higs  with  II.  T.  Welles,  Franklin  .Steele,  Major 
Camp.  Merrick  liros..  (ieorge  Cleveland  and  otli- 
I'ls.  In  1  Sill,  with  tieorge  A.  Camp,  be  purchased 
the  I'acillc  mills  of  J.  Dean  and  Company.  This 
famous  mill  is  described  (dsewhi're.  In  l.sii.s  Mr. 
Walker  was  married  to  Miss  llairiel  (i.  Unlet  of 
IJerea.  Ohio.  They  have  seven  children,  two 
(firlsand  (he boys,  all  of  whom  are  ai'tive.eiiter- 
priMlng.  rough  ami  rnggeil.  'I'liey  are  taught  to 
play,  bunt,  llsh.  row  boats  etc.     It  was   Ihrnugli 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


653 


Mr.  Walker's  influence  that  the  AtheniEum  was 
opened  for  the  benefit  of  the  pabhc. 

Swan  Walton,  born  December  2()th,  1840,  in 
Sweden.  He  passed  about  three  years  in  Den- 
mark; then  returned  to  Sweden  and  engaged  in 
milling.  In  1868  he  came  to  ilinneapolis;  was 
several  years  in  the  furniture  business  with  W. 
r.  Warner  and  also  with  Mr.  McLean.  In  1870 
he  was  appointed  on  the  police  force,  and  two 
years  later  engaged  in  the  grocery  business  under 
the  firm  name  of  Vanstrom  and  Walton.  He 
was  again  appointed  on  the  police  force  in  1878, 
and  still  holds  the  position.  His  wife  was  Annie 
Anderson,  whom  he  married  in  1868.  Tliey  are 
the  parents  of  five  children:  Frank,  Annie, 
Nellie,  Matilda  and  Mary. 

C.  B.  Walke,  a  native  of  Xew  York,  was  born 
in  1858.  He  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1876,  and 
two  years  later  went  in  business,  having  bouglit 
out  J.  II.  Ileisser.  He  deals  in  scroll  saws,  scroll 
work,  and  all  kinds  of  supplies  in  connection  with 
the  business ;  he  is  at  No.  403  Nicollet  Avenue. 

F.  C.  Walker  was  born  at  Otsego,  New  York, 
November  12tli,  1829.  He  lived  in  his  native 
place  until  the  age  of  twenty-two,  then  went  to 
Massachusetts  and  remained  there  in  the  boot  and 
shoe  trade  until  1879,  when  he  removed  to  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  and  about  six  years  was  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  ladders  and  eave  troughs; 
after  residing  two  and  one-half  years  in  Indian- 
apolis became  here;  he  does  carpet  cleaning,  and 
manufactures  ladders  and  the  '-Boss"  washing 
machine.  He  was  married  in  1859,  to  Miranda 
Morton  ;  they  have  one  child. 

G.F.Walker,  born  in  Scotland,  June,  1859; 
he  came  to  this  country  and  helped  dress  the  first 
stone  used  in  the  Cataract  mill.  He  lived  two 
years  in  Meeker  county,  then  went  to  Scott  coun- 
ty and  leased  a  mill.  In  1864  he  returned  to  Min- 
neapolis and  had  cliarge  of  the  Union  mill  one 
year;  then  in  company  with  Tliomas  Noble  built 
the  People's  mill  and  operated  it  four  years ;  he 
next  built  the  Washington  mill  at  Dassel,  and 
after  running  it  four  years,  sold  out,  purchased 
the  Delano  mill  and  operated  that  about  seven 
years,  then  returned  to  this  city  and  has  since 
worked  at  the  Crown  Roller  mill.  In  1861  he 
married  Ann  Robertson.  Their  children  are: 
John,  Nellie,  Mary,  Jessie,  Minnehaha,  Ilatlie 
and  George. 


J.  C.  Walker,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
December  13th,  1842,  at  Cornwall.  He  came  to 
the  United  States  in  the  fall  of  1862,  and  worked 
at  the  lumber  business  in  Green  Bay,  Wisconsin, 
and  Minneapolis,  until  June,  1879  ;  the  following 
spring  he  engaged  in  his  present  business,  billiard 
hall  and  sample  room  at  103  Nicollet  Avenue. 
In  October,  1880,  his  marriage  with  Julia  Mona- 
han  took  place. 

Mrs.  John  Wall  came  to  Minneapolis  in  1864, 
and  has  been  ten  years  in  the  hotel  business. 
Since  February,  1877,  she  lias  been  in  the  Wall 
House  at  17  and  19  S;%"ond  street  north;  it  is  a 
three  story  brick  house  owned  by  Henry  Oswald. 

Matthew  Walsh,  born  in  Ireland.  June  15th, 
1841.  He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1861, 
and  located  at  New  York  city;  duringone  season  he 
was  employed  on  a  merchant  steamer,  running 
between  New  York  and  New  Orleans.  In  1865 
he  removed  to  this  city,  and  has  since  that  time 
been  at  the  Cataract  mill,  with  the  exception  of 
one  year  with  Judd  and  Brackett.  He  has  been 
head  miller  at  the  Cataract  since  1871.  In  1864 
he  married  Annie  Stacy,  wlio  has  borne  him  seven 
chikhen,  Walter,  Edward,  ilargaret,  Alice,  May, 
Katie  and  Julia. 

John  Walter  was  born  in  1831,  in  Switzerland. 
He  graduated  in  1846,  and  then  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business  three  years  in  his  native  country. 
In  1849  he  moved  to  New  York,  and  the  next 
year  to  Canada,  where  he  taught  school  fifteen 
years;  then  returned  to  New  York,  and  after 
teaching  in  that  state  one  year,  went  to  Illinois 
for  three  years,  then  to  Sioux  City,  where  he 
was  assistant  in  the  high  school  four  years;  at  the 
expiration  of  that  time,  he  came  here,  and  after 
teaching  two  years,  engaged  in  his  present  busi- 
ness. Ill  1854  he  married  Jliss  S.  Smith.  They 
liave  had  fourteen  children;  the  living  are,  Emma, 
Henry,  Sidney,  Gustavus.  Minerva,  John,  Her- 
man, Stella,  Charles  and  Etiie. 

George  F.  Warner,  a  native  of  Schoharie 
county,  New  York,  was  born  in  1828.  At  the 
age  of  sixteen  he  commenced  in  the  furniture 
business,  and  continued  in  this  trade  with  success 
at  Albany,  New  York,  Buffalo  and  Chicago.  He 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  June,  1857,  and  is  the 
oldest  established  furniture  dealer  in  the  city. 
His  places  of  business  are  numbers  325  Nicollet 
Avenue  and  106  Washington  Avenue  south. 


OKI 


msionr  of  HEXxEriy  county. 


X.  F.  Wanii  r  w  as  l>om  in  IMS  In  New  York 
rily.  Ill  lh.'»l  l.«'  nii>vi-<l  witli  liis  jvimiils  to  Uuf- 
fiik».  Xc-w  Voik.  wlifn-tlipy  n-maim-d  until  IK5.i. 
ami  nrm  llvrti  two  ypurs  in  CliicaRO.  Comiiip  to 
>l  :.  llipy  livo<l  ti  while  in  Fiiir- 
I,;,  .\iw  toMiiincaixilis.  wlierf'belias 
imkidnl  «ver  sinrc  with  tlie  cxreptinn  of  a  sliort 
prrifKl.  In  IKfift  Mr.  Wnrncr  joincil  an  fxpIorinR 
rtf-dltion  iii>  tli<-  Vi'llow  stone  in  order  to  reornit 
III*  failine  hf-alUi:  on  his  retimi  to  Minneai>olis, 
lie  jolnwl  a  8iir\e>iii(r  imrty  up  the  Mississippi 
ri«T  and  itK  trilinlaileK.  lie  tlieiv  pre-empted  one 
III  ■  ■.  arn-s  of  pine  lan<l,  wliirli  lie, 
ai:.  ■rSI.mKi.  lie  then  retnnied  to 
MiiinrapoIlK  and  Ix-ifnn  in  tlie  undertal<inf;  hnsi- 
ni '  :  11  en(fa(ied.      He  was  niar- 

n«  I  li/jiU'lh  Sullivan,  of  Min- 

nr«|w>llK.  They  have  one  rhild.  n  );>>°l  ten  months 
old,  who  wax  atlnpted  liy  tlie  Miniieaiiolis  Light 
ln(aiitr> .  an  tl dauKliler  of  the  re(;iiniMit."' 

John  WaKhlinni.a  native  of  Maine,  was  Imni 
In  IH-'»t<.  nl  Ilallowell.  Jle  is  a  wm  of  A.  S.  Wash- 
bum  and  nephew  of  C.  C.  and  W.  I).  Washhurn. 
If.  1  ■      .    .    to  MinneajMilis.  and 

O't  _■,  with  a  view  to  inak- 

Ins  II  liti>  iiermaneiit  IniMinesH, 

Will:-  '■■  ■•  Waohliiini,  wati  lK)m  at  Liver- 
more,  \  ill  roiinty.  Maine,  .laniiai'v  Htli. 
ltd).     !                 ^.  Isniel  and  Maillia  wr  IWnja- 

mtn.  wi .-   leM-endantiiof  the  old  May  (lower 

i>l<irk  :  Uir  llenjamin  fanilly  were  of  Seoltish  ex- 
trartion.     I  ■    !v  he  lived  on  the 

farm  villi  l<  I'leil  m-IiooI  win- 

trra;  lie  •tudietl  at  liorniHii  Aeadeniy.  nlwi  at 
(*■■   "    '■  '   ■     ''!>   i-oliipl<'l<-<l   his  prepani- 

l<  :  k'ton   Aeadeniy,      In    Ik,)4 

he  inadiiiilivl  Irom  llowdoin  ColteKe;  having 
l^.,,.i  !  „  it,  rn.  and  woikml  vimitionH,  to  defniy 
|i.  .  diirliiK  one  of  tli<>Ne  vaealioiiH  Ire 

»  iioiiw  of  ifpiewnliilives,  under 

«•■  After  KrailiiatiiiK  he   studied 

law  am)  waa  admlttnl  Ui  Uie  liar  In  IKOT ;  Uio 
a»i  ■  .ml  waNapiNiinled 

«'. '  liipaiiv,  ill  which 

'  iMTame  a  panner.     In  IWJl  hi;  wan 
1   I.,    I'lu'hidt'iit    Linroln.    HurA'eyor 
S'  '-ota.  and  n'inoved  to  St.  I'aii) 

.\  ■    III-  n'tiiriied   lo 

tl  :.  and    hiui   Milieu 

liwn  arUvrl)  M)(ra0r-<l  ID  Uie  lumlx'r  trade.    He 


was  the  chief  mover  in  projecting  the  Minneapo- 
lis &  St.  Louis  railway,  the  success  of  which  is 
largely  due  to  his  enterprise  ;  lie  is  president  of 
the  comriany  and  one  of  the  largest  stock  owners 
in  the  corporation  ;  lias  also  been  Interested  in 
other  niilroads.  In  1S72  he  built  the  finest  lum- 
ber mill,  in  the  stale,  at  Anoka,  and  has  since 
built  a  large  flouring  mill  at  the  same  place.  In 
1873,  he,  with  others,  built  the  Palisade  mill, 
here  ;  he  is  also  one  of  the  originators  and  stock- 
holders of  the  Minneapolis  Ilanester  "Works. 
Since  becoming  a  resident  of  Minnesota,  he  has 
been  an  active  participant  of  public  enterprises; 
politically  he  has  always  been  a  republican.  No- 
vember, 1878,  he  was  elected  representative  of  the 
third  congressional  district  by  three  thousand  ma- 
joritv,  and  in  l.S8(i  re-elected  by  a  majority  of 
twelve  thousand.  In  bis  religious  Vielief  he  is  a 
1'iiiver.salist.  lie  married  in  18.59,  Lizzie  Muzzy, 
of  Bangor,  Maine,  who  has  born  him  eight  chil- 
dren ;  two  sons  and  two  daughters  are  living. 

William  P.  Washburn,  a  native  of  New  IJruns- 
wick,  was  born  in  Northumberland  county,  Feb- 
ruary  10th.  18-50.  He  came  lo  Minneapolis  De- 
ceinher.  1874,  and  worked  in  the  lumber  business 
four  years,  on  the  boom  in  the  summer  and  win- 
ters in  the  woods.  September,  1878,  he  took  an 
interest  with  T.  G.  Salisbury  in  the  manufacture 
of  mattresses.  His  marriage  with  Ida  Kowe  took 
jilace  in  November,  187(i. 

.lolin  WaLson  was  born  March  iliUli.  1S80,  in 
.Somerset  cininty,  Maine,  In  18.51  he  went  to 
California,  where  he  was  mining  and  lumbering 
Rlxiut  live  years,  then  returned  to  .Maine  and 
went  into  the  thinning  business.  In  18G1  he  re- 
iiiovecl  to  Miiiiiesolii  and  engaged  in  railroad 
building.  He  liaH  been  connected  with  the  inter- 
ests of  this  city  since  18H4,  and  since  1872  has 
been  an  ollieer  of  the  City  Hank;  he  was  vice- 
Iiresiilenl  live  years,  and  in  1870  took  charge  of 
the  Telephone  Company  as  its  general  maiiiiger. 
Mr.  Wat.son  married,  in  1850,  Olive  Thompson. 
Their  ehililnii  are:  .May,  Florence,  Louis  and 
Henry. 

Frederick  Weinaid  was  born  October  lOtli, 
isilt.  in  (Jermany.  He  grew  to  manhood  in  his 
native  eountry.  and  learned  the  painter's  trade. 
In  IHIH  he  came  to  the  I'liited  Stittes,  and  first 
l<K-ated  in  Delaware;  removed  to  St.  Anthony  in 
1861,  und  the  next  year  look  a  claim  of  one  liun 


BIOGJiAPHICAL. 


655 


dred  and  sixty  acres  on  Rush  Creek,  occupied  un- 
til 1856,  returned  to  St.  Antlioiiy,  and  after 
working  in  a  saw-mill  several  years,  went  Ijack 
to  liis  trade;  he  is  one  of  the  oldest  painters  in 
the  city.  In  1S40  he  married  Katrina  Boto.  Tlieir 
living  children  are:  Justina,  Mary,  Fred  and 
William. 

Peter  Weiiigert,  deceased,  was  bom  November 
1st,  1830,  a  native  of  Germany.  He  settled  in  St. 
Anthony  in  1855,  and  worked  at  his  trade,  tailor- 
ing, one  year;  tlien  kept  a  boarding  house  until 
1861,  next  engaging  in  mercantile  business.  In 
1871  he  erected  his  store  and  continued  in  trade 
until  his  death,  April  30th,  1872.  Since  that 
time  Mrs.  Weingert  has  conducted  the  business 
alone,  dealing  in  dry  goods  and  groceries.  Slie 
has  had  nine  cldldren;  the  living  are:  Henry,  Jo- 
sephine, Peter  and  Girddie. 

Henry  T.  "Welks.  The  great  North-west  owes 
much  of  its  prosperity  to  the  blood  which  has 
been  transplanted  from  the  shores  of  New  Eng- 
land. Many  of  the  early  settlers  and  pioneers  of 
Minnesota  were  natives  of  that  rugged,  stern, 
honest  portion  of  the  union.  In  their  advent 
to  the  west  they  retained  tlieir  habits  of  indus- 
try, economy  and  integrity  which  they  had 
formed  in  early  life.  The  effect  of  this  trans- 
planting, in  numerous  instances,  was  to  enlarge 
the  mind;  from  the  fact  of  its  having  more  room 
for  expansion,  in  the  many  facilities  for  enter- 
prises of  nearly  every  variety.  A  great  work  was 
before  tliem,  a  new  empire  was  to  be  inaugurated. 
The  vast,  ricli  prairies  were  to  be  occupied;  cities 
were  to  be  built,  church  and  school  edifices  to  be 
erected;  arts  and  sciences  to  be  introduced  and 
patronized;  public  highways  and  internal  improve- 
ments were  to  be  made,  including  costly  bridges, 
factories,  mills  and  workshops.  Truly  a  great 
work  lay  before  these  people,  and  probably  among 
the  early  immigrants  to  this  portion  of  the  valley 
of  the  great  river,  there  was  no  one  more  capable 
or  more  willing  to  assist  in  the  mammoth  work 
than  Henry  T.  Welles,  who  was  born  April  3d, 
1821,  in  Hartford  county.  Connecticut.  He  made 
St.  Anthony  his  home  in  1S53.  Belonging  to  one 
of  the  best  families  of  his  native  state,  he  was 
favored  in  boyhood  with  rare  advantasres,  having 
graduated  in  1843  from  Trinity  College,  Hart- 
ford. In  those  days  neitlier  wealth  nor  position 
exempted  the  young  man  of  New  England  from 


habits  of  industry.  During  the  college  vacations 
he  assisted  in  tilling  the  broad  acres  of  the  family 
homestead,  and  the  first  ten  years  after  leaving 
college  were  mostly  spent  on  the  farm,  though 
divided  with  duties  of  a  public  character.  In 
1850  he  was  honored  with  a  seat  in  the  legisla- 
ture of  his  native  state.  Upon  his  arrival  in  St. 
Anthony,  became  interested  in  the  lumbering 
business  to  which  were  added  other  industries, 
and  having  ample  means  he  purchased  con- 
siderable real  estate.  In  1855  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  that  city.  He  removed  to  Minneapolis 
in  1856,  having  previously  made  large  purchases 
on  this  side  of  the  river,  has  been  closely  identi- 
fied with  the  interests  of  this  city,  has  done  much 
to  develop  its  industries,  and  in  1858,  was  presi- 
dent of  the  town  council,  and  president  of  the 
board  of  education.  In  1863  he  was  unanimously 
^nominated  for  governor  of  the  state,  by  the  dem- 
ocratic party;  but  lie  failed  of  an  election  in  con- 
sequence of  the  overwhelming  majority  of  the 
republicans.  Since  1864  he  has  had  neither  time 
or  inclination  to  engage  in  political  matters,  the 
management  of  his  real  estate  occupying  much 
of  his  attention,  but  he  never  hesitates  to  give 
substantial  aid  in  all  matters  that  are  of  material 
advantage  to  the  city,  and  state  of  his  adoption. 
The  different  railroads  that  center  in  Minneap- 
olis had  to  be  encouraged  by  the  citizens  in  every 
possible  way.  Mr.  Welles  invested  large  sums 
of  money,  tliat  the  city  might  enjoy  these  railway 
facilities.  Different  objects  of  cliarity  have  f --e- 
quently  received  his  bount;,',  while  th  educational 
interests  of  the  community  have  been  aided  by 
him  in  no  trivial  manner.  In  addition  to  other 
numerous  duties,  he  is  president  of  the  North- 
western .National  Bank,  one  of  the  best  monied 
institutions  of  the  city.  His  financial  abilities 
ave  peculiarly  fitted  for  this  office.  Previous  to 
coming  to  Minnesota,  Mr.  Welles  was  happily 
married  and  has  an  interesting  family.  In  clos- 
ing this  small  tribute  of  respect  to  Mr.  Welles, 
the  writer  would  add  that  Minneapolis  has  been 
fortunate  in  the  character  of  the  men  who  have 
built  up  the  industries  of  tlie  place;  tliey  are 
the  worthy  cotemporaries  of  Mr.  Welles. 

G.  G.  Wells,  a  native  of  Cazenovia,  New  York, 
was  born  January  20th,  1852.  Went  to  Albany 
in  1846  to  learn  the  jeweler's  trade,  and  remained 
there  five  years ;  then  spent  one  year  at  Dubuque, 


lUSTOItY  OF  HESXEPIK  COUNTY. 


, .  W.  H. 

II.  »lilrli  nitiiliiiiMi  nine  jwu* ;  since 

■i  to 

^is 

•  lloimr.  In  iKW.manliHlMiiiiiioMead. 

•   ■         and   Ilattic 

1  niDiilliK. 

;     i»..«HN  l».|ll«>rt((lHT  I.'Ull, 

..«  Vciik.     WiLH  pdiirHled  at 
tiHtk  Itie  dpfnfp  of  A.  B..  and 

ii  Kiirlinctiin 
at  tilt-   IliKli 
III  1M)U  lir  iniidiiatc*)  at  the 
:iiid  tlif  (ivo  years  fol- 
ijiiit  |i|i\Ki('i:<ii  at  Wil- 
iw.    Since  S'|it<"nilK'r, 
.  .    lipiv.     Dr.  Wi'lls  mar- 
gin* I'll  of  Now  York.     Hen- 

-     .i7^'rIantl.May  -Jd. 

Obm>  «IUi  IiU  iMifnU  to  Anicrira  in  IKS3 

' .  Ollln.     ]{<-ni<>vp<l 

ilusky  Cil).  wlicrp 

ii-aniiiiK  till-  IkmiI  and 

--  . ....■K<-<l  iti  tniili-at  .Newark; 

went  to  rinrinnaU  ami  rcniaine<l  un- 

I  'iiiy.ainl  lias 

luvl   witji  its 

I  til,     Mr.  Wrniiiniri-r  onKHRod  in 

.•  fur  his 

.1  folloxv- 

mkI  t<>i>k  ■  iMitlni-r.  <'<i|.  S|MMin(>r 

'■       "■  — '  liMMsl  In  (iaii-na, a 

•mI  In  ronn<Ttii)n 

III  St.  .\iitliiiiiy.     Ill' 

:  rIiim-  kIio|i  on  till'  wi'Ht 

llir  llral  HimmIimi  lilork 


•  I  to  \tru<-M  tin-  t4iwn. 

-    ''ipji  n-al  valni'.  in 

"•Mil-  lii-n-.     Had 

ootiiily  and 

■  Hit  to  IiIk  Iiivi- 

'.  and  IiIr  inUri-M 

"I  a 

■  iirst 

..<«  tmUl  and  uwikkI  b)  MlnniMi|ii>lltant ;  Rbe 


was  run  between  this  place  and  Pittsbmgli ;  but 
lie  lost  $!1.000  by  this  investment.  Mr.  Wensin- 
ger  always  took  pride  in  assisting  yoinig  men  in 
business,  and  his  generosity  sometimes  caused 
him  severe  losses.  His  wife  by  his  first  marriage 
was  Clara  Swan,  they  were  united  in  18-52,  and 
she  bor(>  liim  two  children:  Xellie  and  Xettie, 
(de<-eased.)  ilarried  the  second  time  in  1809,  to 
llattie  Hyde. 

Knuik  Wentworth.  a  native  of  Maine,  was  born 
June  1st,  Ih-ll.  at  Alliens.  In  1S73.  moved  to 
.Minneapolis,  and  after  working  about  two  months 
in  the  Knipire  mill,  went  to  La  Crosse,  and  was 
with  K.  A'.  White  five  years.  AVas  afterward 
with  Mr.  Davis  nearly  a  year  in  the  (ialcsville 
mill,  and  in  September,  1879,  returned  to  this 
rity.  Since  that  lime  has  been  engaged  at  the 
Standard  mill. 

J.  Werthinann,  a  native  of  ]?avaria.  was  born 
in  1836.  Came  to  America  in  1802.  and  locating 
at  Chic^igo,  engaged  in  the  furniture  business:  six 
years  later,  removed  to  Winona  and  pursued  the 
same  line  of  business  there  until  1871,  when  he 
came  to  this  city.  Was  five  years  eniployod  as 
foreman  for  Uurr.  Morris  and  Company,  furniture 
manufacturers,  and  in  1878  went  into  trade  with 
.Mr.  Sonnen;  they  are  doing  a  lucrative  business. 
Mr.  Werthmann  was  married  in  1870  to  Catherine 
I'litsy. 

I(.  .\.  Weslplial  was  Ikhii  .Inly.  ls.")(i.  in  (;er- 
niaiiy.  In  180S.  canic  to  .MiiiMciiiinlis.  and  the 
s;inic  year  engaged  to  work  in  the  ice  business  for 
II.  Krcit/.;  three  years  later,  Mr.  Westi>lial  went 
into  the  same  business,  starting  with  very  limited 
means,  but  is  now  having  an  extensive  trade.  Is 
also  engiiged  in  the  wood  business,  handling 
alxiiit  three  thousand  loads  annually.  Ilis  mar- 
riage with  Christiana  (ilitschka  occurred  in  1875. 
Their  children  are  Ida  and  Carl. 

■lohii  West  wiLs  born  in  Kugland,  -May  27th, 
IMO.  lie  moved  to  .\Iew  York  with  his  iiarents 
In  IBM.  locating  near  Lockport;  he  went  to  Illi- 
nois in  18.V),and  two  years  later,  to  .\iioka.  .Min- 
nesota. In  ISOI,  enlisted  and  served  until  hon- 
orably discharged  in  1S(U  ;  was  afterwards 
aulhori7.ed  to  enlist  recruits  for  Uattery  K,  First 
.MinncKotn  Heavy  Artillery,  and  comniissioned 
M*coiiil  lieutenant  of  the  balt<'ry,  and  ordercil  {,, 
Tennessee;  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  and 
muMtcrod  out  in  September,  18(55.    Bought  a  farm 


BIOGBAPHICAL. 


657 


in  Richfield  and  lived  there  until  1872,  when  he 
came  to  this  city  and  the  next  year  entered  the 
police  force  as  patrol  and  was  promoted  to  his 
present  position  as  sergeant.  In  1865  he  married 
Agnes  Better,  who  has  borne  him  five  children; 
the  four  living  are:  Rose,  Kate,  Mary  and  Lilly. 

Andrew  Gustavus  Westling,  lay  preacher  at 
Bethlehem  Chnrch,  was  bom  in  Sweden  June 
16th,  1823.  Coming  to  America  in  1873,  he  set- 
tled at  Lake  City.  Minnesota,  where  he  remained 
imtil  the  fall  of  1879.  He  then  came  to  Minne- 
apolis, and  has  since  remained  here.  His  eldest 
son,  Peter  G.,  is  a  minister  at  Duluth,  Minnesota. 

L.  J.  Westling,  a  native  of  Sweden,  was  born 
Jnly  4th,  1858.  lie  accompanied  his  parents  to 
America  in  1873,  and  settled  at  Lake  City;  was 
employed  a  nnmber  of  years  there  and  at  Red 
Wing  as  moulder.  In  1879,  came  to  Minneapolis, 
and  is  now  engaged  in  moulding  for  the  I'nion 
Iron  AVorks. 

E.  B.  West  was  born  at  Pembrook,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1825.  When  nineteen  years  of 
age,  entered  mercantile  business,  which  be  con- 
tinued until  coming  to  St.  Anthony  in  1855;  he 
then  went  into  the  cattle  trade,  and  five  years  later 
started  in  the  sash  and  door  business;  lie  was 
afterwards  milling  and  dealing  in  real  estate  until 
1878,  when  he  established  his  auction  and  com- 
mission business  at  221  Washington  Avenue 
south.  In  1860  Mr.  West  had  an  experience 
which  one  would  liardly  believe  possible  for  a 
man  to  survive.  As  he,  in  company  with  others, 
was  about  to  bathe  in  the  ^Mississippi  above  the 
falls  on  the  east  side,  he  lost  his  footing,  and  was 
carried  over  the  rapids.  At  that  time  the  volume 
of  water  was  much  greater  than  now;  be  was 
swept  over  the  fall  of  thirty  ft  et,  but  by  super- 
human efforts  kept  in  the  undertow,  which  threw 
him  out  beyond  the  reach  of  the  return  current 
on  the  surface;  finally  he  was  thrown  on  the 
rocks  near  the  Chalybeate  springs,  some  three 
hundred  feet  below  the  fall;  his  body  was  cov- 
ered with  bruises,  but  no  bones  broken.  He  re- 
turned and  surprised  his  companions  who  tliought 
him  dead.  Mr.  West's  wife,  Mary  Morrison, 
died  in  1873.  leaving  three  children. 

Milton  Whipple,  born  June  9th,  1858,  in  Center 
county,  Pennsylvania.  He  spent  a  few  months  in 
Iowa,  in  1875,  buying  gram  ;  and  afterward  trav- 
eled between  Omaha  and  North  Platte,  selling 
42 


goods.  Returned  home  to  attend  school,  and  in 
June,  1879,  came  to  this  city;  the  following  Sep- 
temljer  he  went  to  work  at  the  Northwestern 
mill. 

Edwin  White,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
June  16th,  1831.  In  1846,  moved  with  his  parents 
to  Iowa  and  remained  until  1854,  wlien  he  went 
to  Indiana.  He  held  the  office  of  register  of 
deeds  of  Decatur  county,  for  four  years,  then  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  chief  clerk  and  deputy 
treasurer,  for  the  same  coimty  ;  afterward  was 
elected  city  clerk,  at  the  same  time  serving  as 
clerk  in  the  provost  marshal's  office.  In  1866, 
poor  health  made  a  change  desirable,  and  he  went 
to  Ottumwa,  Iowa  ;  was  cashier  in  a  bank,  and 
afterward  opened  a  real  estate  and  insurance  of- 
fice. Came  here  in  1870.  and  continued  the  same 
business.  In  1851 ,  manied  at  ^Marion,  Iowa,  Em- 
na  Edkins.  Tlieir  children,  Horace,  William, 
George,  Charles  and  Marcus  have  all  passed 
away. 

William  O.  White,  born  at  Worcester,  Massa- 
chusetts, October  22d,  1835.  In  1850,  went  to 
Chicago,  and  on  arrival  at  that  city  his  whole  cap- 
ital amounted  to  one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents. 
He  learned  car  building  witli  tlue  Illinois  Central 
railroad  company,  and  remained  with  them  four 
years;  then  removed  to  Hastings,  Minnesota, 
where  he  was  contracting  and  house  building  un- 
til 1861.  Enlisted  in  December  of  that  year;  was 
promoted  to  commissary  sergeant,  and  served  on 
the  frontier  among  the  Indians.  December,  1864, 
returned  to  Hastings,  and  worked  nine  years  at 
the  Vermillion  mill.  In  1873,  came  here,  and 
after  working  for  C.  A.  Pillsbury  two  and  one- 
ha  f  years,  removed  to  the  Red  River  Valley  and 
located  960  acres  of  land.  Since  July,  1877,  has 
been  at  the  Minneapolis  mill.  In  1856,  married 
Mrs.  Delia  Kibbe,  who  has  borne  liim  one  child : 
Clarence. 

J.  C.  Whitney  was  born  in  April,  1818,  at 
Springfied,  Vermont.  In  1829,  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Canada,  and  remained  until  twenty 
years  of  age.  He  attended  college  at  Oberlin, 
Ohio,  and  in  1849,  graduated  from  Union  Semi- 
nary, New  York.  The  same  year  removed  to 
Stillwater,  Minnesota,  where  lie  was  pastor  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  church  until  1853;  at  that 
time  he  came  to  this  city  and  held  the  position  of 
pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  here  four 


«&8 


IflSTOnr  OF  HEXXEPIX  COUNTY 


ymt%.    In  1  -  <^  to  Forest  City,  and  re- 

luHMol  beiv  in  IWO.  In  IKn2.  pnliste<l  ami  sen-ed 
iv  1    <|ii;irt<'rm:i.st<»r  witli 

t:  .  .niit\  ill   IH'ii  and  pii- 

(pnU'tl  In  n-«l  ••Ktji*'  |]ii!iin(>!i<>.  Mr.  Whitiipy 
niarn^il  In  iKi'.t.  KIim  Hayanl.  Tlicv  liave  live 
rliil'Irfn. 

-  ■  (if  Canada,  was  liorn 

;  IlliiKiisand  Icarm-d  llie 

dnig  I  <'iit  to  Iowa  in  1K7T,  and  was  in 

ti  ,  \Iay    ISTlt.  n-nKivi-)!  to 

M  1  ;r<*Hl  l)iisiiics.s  at  iid.i 

W  .I'l. melon  .Vv(*iiiit'  noiitli. 

OlmT  II.  Wlitlnoy  was  lioni  at  Stillwat<'r.  July 
Std.  IK6a.  and  Ijic  follouiiii;  Sciitcmlipr.  c-ame 
w  lo  IliiH  rily.     lie  attpiidcil  the 

!•  ;  I  IV.  and  wlii-n  twenty  years  of 

■gip  (!nmin(*nn<d  lunilierinK.  Worked  for  (JeorRe 
A  '     '  ■  h  Hrotliers.  and  since 

A  I   Cole  and    llaiiimond 

••iMiiik-krrirr.  In  IKT't.  married  I'aiiline  Ilylaiid; 
klip  liaR  iKirne  him  twoehildren:  (iertnide  and 
ll.„r> 

W.  C,   Wirkinc^.    Imrn   August    .'Id.  ls;<i).  at 

lfc»tiin.  Mil"""-"  I  "•><  't».  lIcKtudied  detili.stry  four 

ytmn  al   1  .i.   then    n-moved  to  New 

V  I  111*-*'!!  vears.     In  1K73 

I"  -      1  Hiri.  and  followeil  liis 

pc«>fa^M>i(in  Uicrr  nnlll  June,  IKMi,  when  he  came 

J''  ■      ■   "  '    liixl  what  Ih  known  its  tlie  New 

^  in«      TIk'  a|>artinents  are  fur- 

uianiier.  and  Nii|i|ilied  with 

...'I'KMiiy  for  inerhanical  and 

'rj-.     l)r.    WIckliiKH  inarrie<l  in 

IM.J.  I 

J    I  veof  Ohio,  wnH  Ijoni  .laii- 

UUT  <»••  IMH.  at  MIddtelmry.  ('«nie  lo  Aliiine- 
ftr  ■  "    •  T.     wim   employed    liy 

\^  i.iiulK  tlins'  years  anil 

I'  ■  '"d  an  a   memlNT  of  the  llrm,    Mr. 

'  •  •   tfiirwl.     Mr.  WIIcvix'k  marriatfe 

icnt  look  jiliu-e  tn  June,  ISTI. 
i  "en  JMirn  lo  them  :     Ilany. 

A 

Martin  U  llliama.  T.  8.  KlnK'a  wwiitlant  on  the 

I'ioneer  I'less." 

■  if   |K».'1.  and  for 

*  .  on  tlie  PJii  ly  lieWKpu- 

r  ■'     he  |)ulilii>he<l  the 

!*  <xl  of  it  in  INOII, 


and  Itecarae  connected  with  the  city  department 
of  the  St.  Paul  •'  Press."  Since  the  absorption  of 
the  ■'  Pioneer"  and  tlie  Minneapolis  "Wail  "and 
"  Trihune  "  by  the  original  "  Press  Printing  Com- 
pany." he  has  been  associated  with  Mr.  King 
on  the  Minneapolis  department  of  the  "  Pioneer 
Press."  still  retaining  the  position  occupied  for 
several  yeai-s. 

David  Williams,  was  bom  September  24th, 
1H3(I.  at  Chester.  England.  Ilis  father  being  a 
miller,  he  learned  the  trade  at  home,  and  in  1865 
eiuigrati'd  to  Lower  Canada,  wliere  he  remained 
live  years.  Then  removed  to  Toronto  remaining 
three  years.  In  May,  1875,  came  to  Minneapolis 
and  was  employed  in  the  Wasliburn  "A"  mill 
for  two  and  one-half  years,  then  engaged  with  tlie 
Northwestern  mill,  and  for  tlie  last  two  years  has 
held  the  position  of  head  miller.  Married  Miss 
Kli/.abelh  Lloyd  in  1861.  Their  children  are: 
Kdward.  Kver,  Albert,  Walter.  Jessie  and  Maud. 

tJeorge  Williams,  was  born  at  Calais,  Maine, 
March  !)th,  1843,  where  he  lived  nntil  twenty-five 
years  of  age.  Ilis  life  time  pursuit  has  been  in 
the  inercanlile  business.  Came  to  St.  Anthony 
in  1H78,  and  was  in  the  employ  of  J.  II.  Chase  a 
few  months  when  he  accepted  his  present  position 
in  the  dry-goods  store  of  ().  T.  Swett,  on  Univer- 
sity Avenue.  Ilis  marriage  to  KLUi  H.  ^layo  oc- 
(•iirn'il  at  St.  Anthony,  in  1871.  Their  children 
are:  John  M.,  Mary  A.  and  (iertie. 

Henry  Williams  was  born  in  Clienango  county. 
New  York.  May  28tli,  1845.  He  went  to  Michi- 
gan with  his  parents  in  1854.  Attended  school, 
al.so  farmed,  until  1S63,  when  he  removed  to  Clii- 
cayii.  and  two  years  later  located  at  Lake  City, 
Minnesota.  Came  to  Minneapolis  the  next  year 
and  joined  the  volunteer  fire  department  in  isTl. 
In  1877  he  was  appointed  fnc  iiolice'and  in  I87i) 
was  appointed  foreman  of  Hose  Company  Num- 
iM'r  Two  ill  the  jiaid  department,  which  position 
he  now  holds.  Was  married  in  this  city  in  I86S 
to  Agnes  O'Harra. 

Jessie  T.  Williams  was  born  in  (Juilford  coun- 
ty. North  Carolina.  March  20th,  1822.  He  moved 
to  Wayne  county,  Indiana,  when  very  young,  and 
mmle  it  his  home  nntil  1867.  Was  elected  sheriff 
of  that  county  in  I856.  Located  at  .Minneapolis 
in  187(1,  and  itt  now  dejinty  sherilT.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1815  to  .\nna  (ireaves,  of  Indiana.  Their 
children  are:  Kthal  L.,  J„anra  and  listella. 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


fi.59 


S.  M.  Williams  was  born  in  Cumberland  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania,  September  18th,  1845.  He 
came  to  Minneapolis  in  1857,  and  has  since 
made  this  his  place  of  residence.  He  established 
the  book  and  stationery  business  at  224  Hennepin 
Avenue  in  1 863,  and  is  still  located  there.  He 
was  married  in  1879  to  Sarah  Williams  of  this 
citv. 

G.  B.  Wilson  was  born  March  20th,  1821,  in 
Washington  county,  Maine.  Came  to  St.  An- 
thony in  1856.  and  engaged  in  lumbering;  has 
driven  an  ox-team  for  twenty-two  seasons  in  the 
pineries.  While  thus  engaged  he  met  with  an 
experience  from  which  he  escaped  with  life  al- 
most by  a  miracle.  While  unloading  logs  from 
the  sled,  he  was  thrown  forward  about  sixteen 
feet  down  a  slope.  Two  enormous  logs  rolled 
after  and  over  him;  fortunately  he  landed  in  a 
crevice  in  the  ground  which  gave  space  for  the 
logs  with  their  ponderous  weight  to  pass  over, 
leaving  him  unharmed.  In  1878  he  erected  a 
building  at  1205  Fifth  street  south-east  which  he 
occupies  as  a  grocery.  In  the  spring  of  1880  he 
retired  from  the  lumber  business.  His  family 
consists  of  wife  and  three  children:  Clara  L., 
Egbert  S.  and  Sydney  B. 

Joseph  P.  Wilson  is  a  native  of  New  Jersey, 
born  in  1822.  He  was  in  the  law  office  of  Silas 
M.  Siilwell,  at  !New  York  four  years.  In  1S44,  he 
removed  to  Illinois  and  was  agent  for  a  Chicago 
firm,  to  select  and  enter  government  lands  for 
them  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state.  In  1847, 
went  to  the  Mexican  war  and  remained  until  its 
close.  In  April  1850,  located  at  St.  Anthony  and 
engaged  in  mercantile  business.  Was  one  of  the 
commissioners  of  Bamsey  county,  from  1851  till 
'54;  he  was  also  in  the  legislature  in  1856.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  constitutional  convention  to 
form  a  state  constitution,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  senate  in  1864-"65.  He  was  one  of  the  origi- 
nal proprietors  of  St.  Cloud  and  Alexandria, 
Minnesota,  and  is  now  interested  in  New  Mexico 
mines,  in  the  vicinity  of  Santa  Fe. 

John  Wilson  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  born  in 
1838.  He  came  to  America  in  1850,  locating  near 
New  York,  on  Long  Island.  In  1861,  he  enlisted 
at  Kochester,  New  York  in  Company  E,  Thir- 
teenth New  York  Regiment.  He  participated  in 
many  hard  fought  battles:  first  Bull  Run,  Siege 
at  Yorktown,  Hanover  Court  House  and  others. 


He  was  wounded  in  the  seven  days"  fight  before 
Richmond  and  left  on  the  field,  but  was  rescued 
and  taken  to  Washington  where  he  recovered 
and  secured  his  discharge  fii  1863.  He  went  to 
Logansport,  Indiana,  where  he  mamed  Miss 
Lucinda  Young,  July  23d,  1861.  They  came  to 
Minneapolis  in  1866,  and  immediately  engaged 
with  the  Minneapolis  mill,  remaining  with  the 
firm  nearly  twelve  years. 

M.  D.  Wilson  was  born  at  LaPorte,  Indiana, 
May  28th,  1843.  Went  to  Albert  Lea,  Minne- 
sota, in  1867.  He  located  in  Minneapolis  in  1877, 
and  has  since  been  buying  and  selling  horses. 
He  and  his  partner,  A.  R.  Strickland,  are  now 
proprietors  of  a  livery  and  sale  stable,  at  16 
Washington  Avenue  north. 

Newton  H.  Winchell  was  bom  in  Duchess 
county.  New  York,  December  17th,  1839.  In 
1858  he  entered  the  University  of  Michigan  at 
Ann  Arbor  and  graduated  in  1866.  He  was  com- 
pelled to  teach  during  his  course  in  college,  and 
thus  spent  eight  years  in  getting  his  education. 
He  was  at  different  times  superintendent  of  the 
public  schools  of  Adrian,  Port  Huron  and  Kala- 
mazoo. He  was  employed  two  years  on  the  state 
geological  survey  of  Michigan.  Thence  he  went 
to  Ohio,  and  in  1872,  was  summoned  to  Minnesota 
by  the  regents  of  the  State  University.  Accept- 
ing the  position  of  state  geologist,  he  spent  one- 
half  of  his  time  teaching,  and  the  rest  in  direct- 
ing the  geological  survey  of  the  state.  In  1878 
he  was  relieved  from  teaching,  and  has  since 
devoted  himself  wholly  to  the  survey,  and 
the  preparation  and  acquisition  of  a  museum. 
Professor  Winchell  was  married  in  1864,  to  Miss 
C.  F.  Innes,  of  (ialesburg,  Michigan,  a  graduate 
and  afterwards  teacher  at  Albion  College,  Miclri- 
gan.  They  have  five  children:  Horace  V.,  I.  C, 
Avis,  Alexander  and  Louisa  L. 

Professor  Winchell  wrote  some  scientific  articles 
for  newspapers  in  his  college  course,  and  others 
since.  The  following  are  of  a  more  permanent 
character  and  are  found  in  the  standard  scientific 
periodicals  of  the  day:  1.  Tlie  Glacial  Features 
of  Green  Bay,  of  Lake  Michigan,  with  some  ob- 
servations on  a  probable  former  outlet  of  Lake 
Superior — American  Journal  of  Science  and 
Arts,  July,  1871.  2.  The  Building  Stones  of 
Michigan — American  Builder,  May,  June  and 
July,  1871.    3.  The  Surface  Geology  of  North- 


6M 


nisionr  of  jiexxepin  covmy. 


..;  ilic  Amprican  As- 

Krifl  I)f|>iisit.s  of  Uie 

!  >iitlil\.  .Iiiiip  anil 

.1    l.imcMoiMw   ill 

c«diniri>  «'f  Uie  Anwrican  AKSocialioii. 

II  III  (»liii>     AtiHTiran 

.1  ...  April.  1K74.     '■  The 

l^>«iK4iiir«l  li«Jmo    of   ClipUopiii  ami   .Mack- 

,,  ....      :,n     Mlcliipili   lloaiil  of  Ajt- 

,  IhiTS.     K  (JiNilojfioal  NoU'K 

(  III  llip  MiniirMita  Valley  - 

;i»  (if  Uic  Miiiiii-wita   .\<-ail- 

;  Natiii^l  SdPiiM*.    ».  Vp(t»'Uil»lp  Hfinains 

.    '.      illlWOKt   -  l*PKTt><l- 

,  ...11.  1H7.5.     1(1.  On 

Mtr  l>anUlpltMn  of  I>pvonlan  ()ii(rro|>K  in  Midii- 

■  ■         I*ror«<llnir»    of    the    American 

..    II    Till- rn'lar<Mii»  in -Mlnnf- 

\  ot.  i.  o(  till  'f  fill'  .Minll<•^sola 

•  iD>  of  Natural  ~      .  !-•  Tin-  Antii-nl 

!  MliiM"  of  Ifcle  IU».>alP  -Hnllctins  of  Uie 

Vol.  11.     Mi.  Dalls  Oliwr- 

..  lo«'  In  Ala^ka     Anieriran 

■  vaml  Art*.  .Mav.  IHKl.     H.  The 

c  "    ■       '.t     I'rorccMlinjtK  of 

|.^.  TheUeceH- 
Ijiiiarli'ily  .loiir- 

,.  ...         ...   iif  1/onilon,  Nov.. 

])■>      l«.  Tttr  Mliitnn  I>l^tri(■Ut  of  SiiitliucNteni 
s  'liiienil     llewiurcen 

\\  -H.  IT.  Tiieri'iKiri 

of  bit « (lit  tn  Ohio,  when*  Iip  Mini-ynl  and  n-- 
|.        ■  ....  ..^   roiintieii  of  the 

;  anil  Stx-onil  \'iil- 

.if   New  bury ■«  Survey. 

~  iincy  of  Minnewila  whn 

i«t<pni  have  |ie«-n  |inli- 

-  of  the 

.lie.     Of 

Um-m-  tii«>i1a  ninr  Iwvp  Iikpii  |iiil)llnhMl,  to  caeh 

■  ■      ■       ■         "  '      '.tilliiitor. 

■  Ki-i'lfra- 

•',  and  trvat  of  xiilijiN-tN 

,...i.(V  to  the  material  de- 

-..•ta^.     IkKldeR  the  M>rieK  of 

•  iie- 

■  "iir- 

In  I''*!  he  arciomiianiitl  (ien.  U.  A. 

-' '  ■    -     i.al 


der  the  auspices  of  the  AVar  Department,  com- 
prised the  first  account  of  the  interior  of  the  IJlack 
Hills  ever  pulilished.  lie  discredited  somewhat 
the  wonderful  reiwrt.s  of  gold  in  the  Ulaek  Ilills, 
eiirrent  at  the  lime  of  (ieu.  ('lister's  return:  and 
it  must  he  admitted  that  no  permanent  gold  min- 
int,'  has  been  established  at  any  point  visited  by 
the  Custer  expedition.  20.  The  State  and  Higher 
Kdiicalion;  an  address— Hnlleliiis  of  the  Minne- 
sota .Vcademy  of  Science,  Vol.  II. 

I'rof.  Winchell  received  the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and 
,\.  M.  of  his  iilma  mnlei:  the  rniversity  of  Michi- 
gan.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  Amerieaii  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  a  con-es- 
IMinding  member  of  the  New  York  and  Huffalo 
Academies  of  Science,  and  president  of  the  Min- 
nesota Academy  of  Natiir.al  Science. 

Thomas  Wing  is  a  native  of  Canada,  born  July 
.'ith.  I'-^fo.  He  went  to  Oswego.  New  York,  in 
lH4,s.  anil  learned  the  bakery  business.  In  lSo2, 
engaged  in  the  business  at  Clayton,  New  York, 
thence  to  Chicago.  After  working  in  different 
places  he  located  in  Minneapolis  in  1.S7H.  lie 
was  with  Lillibridge's  bakery  three  years.  In 
IK70  established  Ins  business,  and  is  at  present 
at  ;:o  First  street  south.  lie  was  united  in  mar- 
riage to  Kliza  A.  (iibbons.  in  1K.58.  Their  child- 
ren ai-e :  .Seymore  T.,  Clarissa,  Nellie,  Laura, 
llonney  M..  Thomas  and  Mary. 

Kimball  W.  Wing  was  born  in  bS.'^T.  at  Bel- 
grade. Missouri.  At  the  age  of  nine  he  was  con- 
verted, and  at  twenty  united  with  the  Slethodist 
Kpiscopal  Chun-h  at  (iardner,  Missouri.  Reared 
on  a  farm:  at  the  age  of  eighteen  lie  em- 
luiikid  in  the  meat  business,  which  he  followed 
twelve  years,  when  failing  health  compelled  him 
to  n-lire.  At  the  age  of  twenty-eight  he  was 
married  to  Mary  K.  Kenipster  of  \Vesl  (iardner, 
Missouri.  In  Ihii"  he  reinnveil  to  .Miniieapcilis  in 
lio|M'of  nTiiperiitinghishealth.  In  isT:;  he  formed 
aparlnei-ship  with  .M.  D.ConeanileinbarkiMl  in  the 
real  estate .i rid  coinniissiun  business, room  No.l.  in 
llarrisoirH  block  on  Wiwhinglon  Avenue,  and  has 
Kiiice  Ih-cii  more  or  less  actively  engaged  in  that 
iliits-tion.  ,\lr.  Wing  is  an  active  member  of  the 
I-'ninklhi  Avenue  .Methodist  Kiiiscopal  Chinch, 
l»  one  of  its  trii.st4'es  and  assistant  .superinti'iulent 
of  tlio  Sabbath  school.  He  has  four  children: 
Weslj,.  S..  Willie  !•;.,  Warren  A.,  and  .Mabel  (;. 

Henry  T.  Winter  is  a  native  of  London,  Eng- 


BIOGRAPHICAL 


661 


land,  born  1846.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1871,  locating  in  Minneapolis.  lie  was  era- 
ployed  in  the  Cliicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul 
railway  machine  shops  until  August,  18S0.  He 
then  opened  a  saloon  and  billiard  hall  at  1413 
Washington  Avenue  south.  Married  Francis 
Richer  in  1866.      Tliey  have  three  children. 

O.  G.  Wold  is  a  native  of  Morway,  born  Octo- 
ber 20th,  18.52.  Came  to  the  United  States  in 
1860,  and  first  located  in  Illinois.  In  1868  re- 
moved to  Grant  county,  Minnesota,  where  he 
lived  on  his  father's  farm  two  months.  During 
that  year  he  came  to  Minneapolis  and  engaged  in 
his  present  line  of  business,  that  of  dealing  in  and 
manufacturing  pumps,  etc.  The  firm  of  Keno 
and  Wold  is  dohig  a  rapidly  growing  trade.  Lo- 
cated 103  First  Avenue  south. 

Jacob  A.  Wolverton  was  born  in  Hunterdon 
county.  New  Jersey,  August  15th,  1832.  He 
went  to  New  York  city  in  1854,  to  take  a  situa- 
tion in  the  wholesale  dry-goods  house  of  Edward 
Lambert  &  Company.  In  November,  1858,  he 
was  married  to  Evelyn  L.  Olmstead.  In  the  fall 
of  the  next  year  they  came  to  Minnesota  and 
have  since  been  residents  of  Minneapolis.  ^Ir. 
Wolverton  was  connected  with  the  dry-goods 
house  of  Bell  Brothers,  eight  years.  Was  also  a 
member  of  the  firms  of  Johnson  &  Wolverton, 
and  Wolverton  &  Baker.  In  1S76,  was  appointed 
deputy  clerk  of  district  court;  he  was  appointed 
clerk  the  spring  following  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  the  clerk,  Mr.  Jerome.  He 
was  elected  to  that  ofBce  the  next  term  and  held 
it  four  years. 

Charles  11.  Woods,  of  the  law  firm  of  Woods  & 
Babcock,  is  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  born 
October  8th,  1836.  Received  an  academic  educa- 
tion and  a  partial  course  at  William's  College. 
He  was  captain  in  a  company  in  the  sixteenth 
New  Hampshire  volunteers,  and  served  one  year 
after  which  he  held  a  governmeiit  clerkship  for 
three  years.  He  removed  to  Minneaiiolis  in  1866, 
and  began  the  practice  of  law ;  he  has  been  in 
continuous  practice  since,  being  associated  with 
different  lawyers.  The  firm  of  Woods  &  Bab- 
cock was  formed  in  1878.  He  was  elected  justice 
of  llie  peace  at  the  first  city  election  held  in  this 
city,  after  the  charter  was  granted.  He  married 
^liss  Carrie  C.  Hice.  of  Vermont,  in  1862.  Resi- 
dence 33  Tenth  street  south. 


M.  Woods,  of  the  firm  of  Barber  and  Woods, 
is  a  native  of  Montreal,  Canada,  born  September 
13th.  1853,  and  lived  there  until  twenty-four  years 
of  age,  the  last  seven  years  being  passed  in  the 
grocery  business.  lie  next  engaged  in  the  fur 
trade  in  Manitoba,  in  wliich  he  continued  until 
coming  to  Minneapolis  in  .June,  1880.  In  Jnly, 
he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Barber  and 
Woods,  and  engaged  in  the  meat  business  at  1224 
Western  Avenue. 

Jolin  G.  Woolley  was  born  February  15th,  1850, 
at  Collinsville,  Butler  county,  Ohio.  He  ac- 
comi)anied  his  parents  to  Paris,  Edgar  county, 
Illinois  in  1860.  In  1869,  removed  to  California, 
remaining  one  year,  and  in  1872  went  to  Europe. 
He  studied  law  with  Honorable  James  A.  Eads, 
of  Paris,  Illinois,  and  attended  the  law  college  of 
Michigan  University.  He  became  a  resident  of 
Minneapolis  in  1878  and  formed  a  partnership 
and  has  practiced  law  since.  He  married  in  1873 
to  Mary  V.  Gerhard,  of  Delaware,  Ohio.  Their 
children  are  :    Paul  G.,  Edwin  C.  and  John  Rea. 

James  C.  Worrall  was  born  at  Covington,  Ken- 
tucky, February  11th,  1855.  He  moved  with  his 
parents  to  Geneseo,  Illinois,  in  1857,  where  he  at- 
tended high  school,  and  graduated  from  Geneseo 
Seminary.  He  entered  the  Union  law  school 
of  Chicago  in  1875,  and  graduated  after  a  two 
years'  course,  at  which  time  he  was  admitted  to 
practice.  He  then  returned  to  Geneseo  and 
formed  a  partnership  with  Senator  E.  C.  Moder- 
well.  They  practiced  as  a  law  firm  until  1880, 
when  Mr.  Worrall  came  to  ilinneapolis  and 
opened  an  ofHce  at  27  Washington  Avenue  south. 
Ills  marriage  to  Miss  Emma  K.  Lawrence,  oc- 
curred at  (ieneseo,  Illinois,  October  3d,  1878. 

R.  W.  V(uk,  foreman  of  Hose  Company  No. 
Five,  was  born  in  Canada  West  February  12th, 
1843.  In  the  fall  of  1850  he  accompanied  liis  pa- 
rents to  Kenosha,  Wisconsin,  where  he  attended 
the  graded  schools.  He  enlisted  in  1861  in  Com- 
pany "G,"  First  Wisconsin  Infantry,  Colonel  John 
C.  Starkweather  com  Q  m  ling.  H^  participated 
in  the  first  battle  in  Virginia,  at  Falling  Waters, 
and  was  honorably  discharged,  and  re-enlisted 
October  8tli,  1861 .  for  tlu-ee  years.  Was  wounded 
at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  after  whicOi  he 
was  on  duty  as  clerk  of  the  hospital.  In  1864  he 
was  discharged.  R'-nioved  to  Minnesota  in  1865, 
on  a  farm  near  ilankato;  two  years  later  came  to 


6<>2 


FIlSTOIiY  OF  HEX  KEPI  N  COUNTY. 


He  enEWvtl  in  carppntfrinR   until 

J  ■  Mow  Coin- 

|,..  '  .ir  as  !iK?-isl- 

aiii  fiimnan  aiid  one  yew  »)»  st<rn'Un .  lie  was 
«;  ■  '  •■  ,  •      '  .;i>|iarlniPiit  bytlie 

(  .  >iiicc.     He  wjus 

ii  i-wii  to  « «•!«  A.  ilnlinu-y.    Tlii-y  liavo 

1.  '  <'■"■    K..  Uobert  J.,  Miclmcl  A. 

u- 

irlli  jixlicial 
ft;  '  liHiia.Cliaii- 

UtM|ua  nNinly,  New  York.  iKvrmlier  sih.  iKiO. 
)!■  ■    ■       ■      '  III  IiIh  native  town  and  at 

\\  wliin-    he    romi'lited    liis 

n,  lifMiiilifvt  law  in  tlie  ofllce  of 

J..,.  „...,  ..,.  K.  of  Waiikeiran.  and  in  IS54  le- 
tDm-nl  to  I'rrMcott.  WiNronsin.  n-niaininK  there 
\\-  i-lerk  of  the  I'ir- 

r.  til  |M><i.  when  he 

«M  wlinltliid  to  Uie  tmr.  lie  rommenrecl  the 
|.!.  '   "  II  |>Ht1nerslii|>  with  M. 

II  :itil  the  latter  entered 

Xhf  amiy.  In  |mc  he  wan  admitted  to  pnirtice 
in  U»r  Miiirrme  cHHirt  of  WlwonKJn,  and  the  s;inie 
}rmi   »•»  el««ri«<d  dIMnrt  attoniey.     In   IK'W  he 

•  ■  l«o  >('jirK.  lie  ejinte 
t<  ,  ;  linn  hince  In-en  a  n*si- 
dml.  Ilrrommriieed  111*  pnietieent  onreinrtiin- 
!•;.  \y  l»  Welili.  the  finii  name  In-inK 
^  ,\,.i.l.  •»,,„,  ad,.,  Mi.  Wcl.lirelin-d. 
I  »•)•  mIoiii-  tti  IiIn  |inif<-NNion 
■'■  '  •>' III  of  Voiinu  and  I/iwry  waw 
(<  '  i«  two  yearH,  lie  wan  elected 
r  lie  wan  elecl««<l  JMd«i' 
•'                                      dlRtrirt   for  the  full  term 

i  In  INM.    ilr  MM  miiniMi  In  April.  lH/i4, 
a  III-  re-inar- 

I"  Ills  pn-s- 

rtil  Miff  «•■  MlM>  i/nmotv  Martin,  of  \'<-rmont, 
m- '   '••  I»<72.     K«lKar  A.nnd  AlireM.. 

•  •■ 

"1  lii'tinany.  iMim  in 
I'  inlil  he  cnuw  to  Ame- 

•v*  if.  'i  liplawan'.    lie  wn-ed  an 

•!  1  -nilth. 

11..  ,,,.d  to 

Se«  ■>•  ■■».  Ihenr*-  til  the  cyial  re- 

*♦'«»•   'i     ■  ■  1.   and   afterwnnlH   to   SI. 

|^««tir«  <  V<»fk.     He  n-malne<|  un- 

til 11.C  tfiuin  tA  |n;i.  when  he  Marl<-<l  wcM.     lie 


arrived  at  Minneapolis  during  the  year,  and  en- 
piffed  witl)  the  St.  Anthony  Iron  Works  Company, 
where  he  remained  until  starting  in  business  for 
Inmself.  which  he  did  in  1879.  He  passed  three 
years  in  the  army,  having  enlisted  in  the  One 
hundred  and  Third  New  York  Volunteers:  He 
married  Mi.ss  Mary  Tenijile.  of  Xew  York  in  1855. 
They  have  live  sons  and  two  daiigliters.  His  res- 
idence is  on  C*ntnil  Avenue.  His  carriage  sliop 
is  loeateil  at  lis  Main  street  soutli-east. 

Nathaniel  Zeron  was  liorn  in  I'pper  Canada, 
OctolMT  !tth.  1840.  He  came  to  Dundas,  ilinne- 
sota  in  IKii;;.  and  for  two  years  was  engaged  in 
farming.  He  then  begitn  worked  for.I.  S.  Archi- 
bald in  the  Dundas  flouring  mills  and  re- 
mained there  seven  years.  He  became  a  resi- 
dent of  Minneapolis  in  1871,  and  was  employed 
in  the  Cataract  mill:  he  has  been  with  that  firm 
since.  He  married  Mi.'is  Lydia  Kelso  in  1874. 
They  have  one  child  :  Cora  M.  Residence  1518 
Twtiitv-firsl  street  south. 


CIIAl'TKK    LXXXV. 


fuivcir.M.     i:vi;Nrs    ciikonhi.our'.vlly    au- 
u.\N<)i;i). 

}>\W.  (;roselliers  ((Jro-zay-yay)  and  Radisson 
visit  .Minni'.sota. 

liMll.  .Menard,  a  .lesuit  missionary  ascends  tlie 
.MiKsiH.sippi  according  to  Herrot,  twelve  years  be- 
fore .Maripiette  saw  this  river. 

I<ti>'>.  .Mloiie/,,  a  .lesiiit.  visited  the  Minnesota 
shore  of  I,ake  Superior. 

1*1711.  I>ii  Liith  planted  tlie  arms  of  Fiance. 
one  hundreil  and  tw<'iily  leagues  beyond  ^lille 
Ijicm. 

ItiHd.  1)11  i/uth,  the  lirsl  to  travel  in  a  canoe 
frtun  Ijike  Superior,  by  way  ni  the  St.  Croix 
river,  to  the  .Mississippi.  Descending  tlie  Missis- 
xippi.  he  writes  to  Signelay  in  Kis.S:  "I  jnoceeded 
in  a  ejinoe  two  days  ;mii1  iwo  nights,  and  the  next 
day  at  ten  o'l-lock  in  the  nioniiiig"  found  Accault, 
.\ugc-llc.  and  K.-ither  Ileiineiiin,  with  a  hunting 
IMirty  of  Sioux.     He  writes:  "Tln'  h mil  of  icsiiecl 


CHROA'OLOGT. 


663 


■wliieh  they  showed  to  the  said  Keverend  Father 
provoked  me,  and  this  I  showed  them,  telling 
them  he  was  my  brother,  and  I  had  him  placed 
in  my  canoe  to  come  with  me  into  the  villages  of 
said  Nadouecioux."  In  September.  Du  Lutli  and 
Hennepin  were  at  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony  on 
their  way  to  Mackinaw. 

1683.  Penot  and  Le  Suenr  visit  Lake  Pepin. 
Perrot  with  twenty  men,  builds  a  stockade  at  the 
base  of  a  bluff,  upon  the  east  bank,  just  above  the 
entrance  of  Lake  Pepin. 

1688.  Perrot  re-occupies  the  post  on  Lake  Pe- 
pin. 

1689.  Perrot,  at  Green  Bay,  makes  a  formal 
record  of  taking  possession  of  the  Sioux  country 
in  the  name  of  the  king  of  France. 

1693.  Le  Sueur  at  the  extremity  of  Lake  Su- 
perior. 

1694.  Le  Sueur  builds  a  post,  on  a  prairie 
island  in  the  Mississippi,  about  nine  miles  below 
Hastings. 

1690.  Le  Sueur  brings  the  first  Sioux  chiefs 
who  visited  Canada. 

1700.  Le  Sueur  ascends  the  Minnesota  River. 
Fort  L'lluillier  built  on  a  tributary  of  Blue  Earth 
River. 

1702.    Fort  Llluillier  abandoned. 

1727.  Fort  Beauliarnois,  in  the  fall  of  this 
year,  erected  in  sight  of  Maiden's  Rock,  Lake  Pe- 
pin, by  La  Penlere  du  Boucher.  " 

1728.  Verendrye  stationed  at  Lake  Nepigon. 

1731.  Verendrye's  sons  reach  Rainy  Lake. 
Fort  St.  Pierre  erected  at  Rainy  Lake. 

1732.  Fort  St.  Charles  erected  at  the  south- 
west corner  of  the  I^ake  of  the  Woods. 

1734.  Fort  Maurepas  established  on  Winnipeg 
River. 

1736.  Verendrye's  son  and  others  massacred  by 
the  Sioux  on  an  isle  in  the  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

1738.  Fort  La  Heine  on  the  Red  River  estab- 
lished. 

1 743.  Verendrye's  sons  reach  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains. 

1766.  Jonathan  Carver,  on  November  17th, 
reaches  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

1794.  Sandy  Lake  occupied  by  the  North- 
west Company. 

1802.     William  Morrison  trades  at  Leach  Lake. 

1804.  William  Morrison  tradts  at  Elk  Lake, 
now  Itasca. 


1805.  Lieutenant  Z.  M.  Pike  purchases  the  site 
since  occupied  by  Fort  Snelling. 

1817.  Earl  of  Selkirk  passes  through  Minne- 
sota for  Lake  Winnipeg. 

Major  Stephen  H.  Long,  U.  S.  A.,  visits  Falls  of 
St.  Anthony. 

1818.  Uakotah  war  party  under  Black  Dog  at- 
tack Ojibways  on  the  Pomme  de  TeiTe  River. 

1819.  Col.  Leavenworth  arrives  on  the  24th  of 
August,  with  troops  at  Mendota. 

1820.  J.  B.  Faribault  brings  up  to  ]SIendota, 
horses  for  Col.  Leavenworth. 

Laidlow,  superintendent  of  farming  for  Earl 
Selkirk,  passes  from  Pembina  to  Prairie  du  Chien 
to  purchase  seed  wheat.  Upon  the  15th  of  'xVpril 
left  Prairie  du  Chien  witli  Mackinaw  boats  and 
ascended  the  Minnesota  to  Big  Stone  Lake,  where 
the  boats  were  placed  on  rollers  and  dragged  a 
short  distance  to  Lake  Traverse,  and  on  the  3d 
of  June,  reached  Pembina. 

On  the  5th  of  May,  Col.  Leavenworth  estab- 
lished simimer  quarters  at  Camp  Coldwater,  Hen- 
nepin county. 

In  July,  Governor  Cass,  of  Michigan,  visits  the 
camp. 

In  August,  Col.  Snelhng  succeeds  Leaven- 
worth. 

September  20th.  comer  stone  laid  under  com- 
mand of  Col.  Snellhig. 

First  white  marriage  in  Minnesota,  Lieutenant 
Green  to  daughter  of  Captain  Gooding. 

First  white  child  bom  in  Minntsota,  daughter 
of  Col.  Snelling  ;  died  following  year. 

1821.  Fort  St.  Anthony  was  sufiBciently  com- 
pleted to  be  occupied  by  troops. 

Mill  at  St.  Anthony  Falls  constructed  for  the 
use  of  garrison,  under  the  supervision  of  Lieuten- 
ant McCabe. 

1822.  Col.  Dickson  attempted  to  take  a  drove 
of  cattle  to  Pembina. 

1823.  The  first  steaml)oat,  the  Virginia,  on 
May  10th,  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  _Minni  sola 
river. 

Mill  stones  for  grinding  flour  sent  to  St.  An- 
thony Falls. 

Maj(u-  Long,  U.  S.  A.,  visits  the  northern 
liouudary  by  way  of  the  Minnesota  and  Red 
river. 

Beltrami,  the  Italian  traveler,  explores  the 
northernmost  source  of  the  Mississippi. 


niSlORT  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


i-.i  (;««ipral  Winfield  Scitt  inspects  Fort 
«.;  ;ii>ii  tin-  War  De- 

!«■      ,  i  .'rt  SiiclliiiR. 

1H2.V  April  5Ui.  sloAnilxwl  Uiifiis  I'litriam 
n«rlH->  ■  ■  ■  May.  steanilxMit  Hiifiis  I'lit- 
natn  n:  ■  ami  <l«'liv<'n»  fn'iglil  al  I/imrs 

Eiiil  tnuliiiir  i>oi»t  on  tin-  MinncsiiU.  aUmt  a  mile 
alxvp  tJif  Fort, 

1»-.''.  .ImiiiHO  2<illi.  first  mail  in  five  niontlis 
n  ■  !if  I'nrt. 

1  ■     .         A  tinrini;  FHinian  ami  March. 

Murrh  a»Ui.  WK'W  fnini  Iwi'lvi-  to  eighteen 
inrliF*. 

April  ftth.  unow  stnnu  with  lliustics  of  lipht- 
nlng. 

April  Itilh,  tlK-mioiiicti-r  four  degrees  above 
rrm. 

'  '    ice  liegnii  to  move  ill  the  river  at 

II. <    J  1  with  tHeiit\    fe<-t  alKive  low  water 

nuu1(. 

' '  lat  of  the  wason.  the  Law- 
l<Kik  a  iih'jisiire  ])arty  to 
ihii-«-  milii«  ol  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

.-.'.  lUkol.nhK  kill  an  (Ijihway  near  Fort 
Hodliiik' 

Ih".*;  Flat  Moiitli'it  iMirty  of  Ojiliways  at- 
larkH  at  Fort  Nnellmg.  mikI  Sioux  delivered  by 
Coknipl  HnHltiiR  tu  Ik*  killed  by  OJibways.  and 
11'  ^er  the  liliilT  into  the  river. 

'  ,-<lii  Fort  Slielljiig. 

ilie  KlMh  Keginienl  iflievinl  Ity  those 

lti:9i.     4V>l<itirl  Sndllnir  dies  in  Wiishiligtoii. 

and    J.    1>.    Stevens. 
I  -      -  ii  III"-  lodiiuisaniiind 

u. 

lit.  e^lJlllli><hes  a 

OIK  at    Lake  Cal- 

boun.  whtrli  lip  mlhtl   hjilnnvllle,  after  Uie  see- 
.^  t .. . .     J  

-•  aiid  KiimmiT  very  dry.    One 
I'  fall  of  rain  or 

♦I  ^    ,.   ..iijoii  nion-  liark- 

*mri  Ituui  It  liad  Im-mi  fur  Ifn  \»u*. 

y«rt    Siiell- 
the   Itidiaii 
bnuM>  <in   Hit.     Wm-iu  kIm  n  mhi  In-law 
— -  -   '    .--x. 

ITlli,  an  old  tnuler.   lUM-tiue. 
•IX)  hi«  »'ii  anivrd  at  Fort  KuHllii((  fmm  I'mirie 


dii  Cliien,  having  been  twenty-six  days  on  the 
jonniey.  I'nder  tlie  influence  of  whiskey  or  stu- 
pidity, they  ascended  the  St.  Croix  by  mistake, 
and  were  lost  for  fifteen  days. 

1832.  May  12th.  steamboat  \'ersailles  arrived 
at  Fort  Snelling. 

.lime  Kith.  William  Carr  arrives  frotii  Missouri 
at  Fort  Snelling,  with  a  drove  of  cattle  and 
horses. 

Henry  R.  Schoolcraft  explores  the  sources  of 
the  Missisippi. 

1833.  Itev.  W.  T.  IJoutwell  estalilishes  a  mis- 
sion among  the  Ojibways  at  Leecli  Lake. 

K.  F.  Fly  opens  a  mission  school  for  Ojibways 
at  Aitkiifs  trading  iiost.  Sanily  Lake. 

1834.  May.  Samuel  W.and  Gideon  II.  I'oml 
arrive  at  Lake  Calhoun  as  missionaries  among  the 
Sioux. 

November.  Henry  II.  Sibley  arrives  at  Men- 
dota  as  agent  of  Fur  Company. 

1836.  May.  Rev.  T.  S.  Williamson  and  J.  D. 
Stevens  arrive  as  Sioux  missionaries,  with  Alex- 
ander (i.  Muggins  as  lay-assistaiit. 

June.  I'lesbyterian  Cliurch  at  Fort  Snelling 
organized. 

.Iuly3Ist.  A  Ked  River  train  arrives  at  Fort 
Snelling  with  fifty  or  sixty  head  of  cattle,  and 
about  twenty-five  horees. 

Major. T.  L.  lleaii  surveys  tlie  Sioux  and  Chip- 
IM'way  boiiiidary  line  under  treaty  of  lS2o.  as  far 
as  Otter  Tail  Lake. 

November.  Col.  S.  C.  Slaniliaugli  arrives;  is 
sutler  at  Fort  Snelling. 

IK3I1.  May  (itli,  "Missouri  FmUoii.""  lirststeam- 
iHiat.  arrives  at  Fort  Snelling. 

.Ma\  li'.ith.     "Frontier,"'   Capt.   Harris,  arrives. 

June  1st.    ■•Palmyra"' arrives. 

July  2nd.  ".Saint  I'elers"'  arrives  with  J.  N. 
Nicollet  as  iiassenger. 

.Inly  :t(ifh.  Sacs  and  Foxes  kill  twenty-four 
Winni'bagoes  on  Hoot  Iliver. 

IKtT.  Hev.  Stephen  II.  Riggs  and  wife  join 
Lake  Harriet  Mission. 

Hev.  A.  Hi'uiison  and  David  King  establish 
KaiMiNia  .Mission. 

Coinmi.ssioners  Dodge  ami  Smith  at  FortSncll- 
liig  make  a  treaty  with  the  Chipiieways  to  cede 
lands  east  nf  the  Mississippi. 

Fninkliii  Steele  and  others  make  claims  at  Falls 
<if  St.  Croix  and  St.  Aiithom. 


CHJiOJS^OLOGY. 


665 


September  29th.  Sioux  chiefs  at  Washington 
sign  a  treaty. 

November  10th.  Steamboat  Holla  amves  at 
Fort  Snelling  with  the  Sioux  on  their  return  from 
AV'ashington. 

December  12th.  Jeremiah  Russell  and  L.  W. 
Stratton  make  the  first  claim  at  Marine,  in  St. 
Croix  valley. 

1838.  April,  Ilole-in-the  Day  and  party  lull 
thirteen  of  the  Lac-qui-parle  Sioux.  Martin  Mc- 
Leod  from  Pembina  after  twenty-eight  days  of 
exposure  to  snow,  reaches  Lake  Traverse. 

May  25,  steamboat  Burlington  arrives  at  Fort 
Snelling  with  J.  N.  Nicollet  and  J.  C.  Fremont 
on  a  scientific  expedition. 

June  14th,  Maryatt,  the  British  novelist,  Frank- 
lin Steele  and  others  rode  from  the  Fort  to  view 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

July  15th,  steaml)oat  Palmyra  arrives  at  Fort 
Snelling  with  an  official  notice  of  the  ratification 
of  treaty.  Men  arrived  to  develop  the  St.  Croix 
Valley. 

August  2d,  II()le-in-the  Day  encamped  with  a 
party  of  Chippeways  near  Fort  Snelling,  and  was 
attacked  by  Sioux  from  Mud  Lake,  and  one  killed 
and  another  wounded. 

August  27th,  steamboat  Ariel  arrives  with 
commissioners  Pease  and  Ewiug  to  examine  half- 
breed  claims. 

September  30th,  steamboat  Ariel  makes  the 
first  trip  up  the  St.  Croix  river. 

October  26th,  steamboat  Gypsy  first  to  arrive 
at  Falls  of  St.  Croix  with  annuity  goods  for  the 
Chippeways.  In  passing  through  Lake  St.  Croix 
grounded  near  the  town  site  laid  out  by  S.  C. 
Stambaugh,  and  called  Stambaughville. 

1889.    April  Uth,  first  steamboat  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing, the  Ariel,  Capt.  Lyons. 
Henry  M.  Ilice  arrives  at  Fort  Snelling. 

May  2d,  Rev.  E.  G.  Gear,  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church,  recently  appointed  chaplain, 
arrived  at  the  Fort  in  the  steamboat  Gypsy. 

May  12th,  steamboat  Fayette  arrives  on  the 
St.  Croix,  having  been  at  Fort  Snelling,  with 
members  of  Marine  Mill  Company. 

May  21st,  the  Glancus,  Captain  Atchison  ar- 
rives at  Fort  Snelling. 

June  1st,  the  Pennsylvania,  Captain  Stone  ar- 
rives at  Fort  Snelling. 

June  5th,  the  Glancus  arrives  again. 


June  6th,  the  "  Ariel"  arrives  again. 

Jiuie  12th.  at  Lake  Harriet  mission,  l?ev.  D. 
Gavin,  Swiss  missionary  among  tlie  Sioux  at  Red 
Wing,  was  married  to  Cordelia  Stevens,  teacher 
at  Lake  Harriet  mission. 

June  25tli,  steamboat "  Knickerbocker,"  arrived 
at  Fort  Snelling. 

June  26th,  steamboat  "  Ariel,"  on  third  trip. 

June  27th.  a  train  of  Red  river  carts,  under 
Mr.  Sinclair  with  emigrants,  who  encamped  near 
the  fort. 

July  2d,  Chippeways  kill  a  Sioux  of  Lake  Cal- 
houn band. 

July  3d,  Sionx  attack  Chippeways  in  ravine 
above  Stillwater. 

1840.  April.  Rev.  Lucian  Galtier.  of  the  Ro- 
man Catliolic  church,  arrives  at  ilendota. 

May  6th,  squatters  removed  on  military  reser- 
vation. 

June  15th,  Thomas  Simpson,  Arctic  explorer, 
shoots  hims'ilf  near  Turtle  river,  under  aberration 
of  mind. 

June  17,  four  Chippeways  kill  and  scalp  a  Sioux 
man  and  woman. 

1841 .  March  6,  wild  geese  appeared  at  the  fort. 
March  20th.  Mississippi  opened. 

April  6th,  steamboat  ••  Otter,"  Captain  Harris 
arrived.  Kaboka,  an  old  chief  of  Lake  Calhoun 
band,  killed  by  Chippeways. 

May  24th,  Sioux  attack  Chippeways  at  Lake 
Pokeguma,  of  Snake  river.  Methodist  mission 
moved  from  Kaposia  to  Red  Rock,  Rev.  B.  F. 
Kavenaugh,  superintendent. 

November  1st,  Father  Galtier  completes  the 
log  chapel  of  St.  Paul,  which  gave  the  name  to 
the  capital  of  Minnesota.  Rev.  Augustin  Rav- 
oux  arrives. 

1842.  July,  the  Chippeways  attack  the  Kapo- 
sia Sioux. 

1843.  Stillwater  laid  out.  Ayer,  Spencer  and 
Ely  establish  a  Chippewa  mission  at  Red  lake. 

July  15th,  Thomas  Longley,  brother-in-law  of 
Rev.  S.  R.  Riggs,  drowned  at  Traverse  des  Sioux 
mission  station. 

1844.  August,  Captain  Allen  with  fifty  dra- 
goons marclies  from  Fort  Des  Moines  through 
southwestern  Minnesota  and  on  the  10th  of  Sep- 
tember reaches  the  Big  Sioux  river.  Sisseton 
war  party  kill  an  American  named  Watson,  ih-iv- 
ing  cattle  to  Fort  Snelling. 


666 


ujsjonr  OF  hemsepin  counit. 


IMA.  June  i'Uli.  Cjtptaiii  Sumner  reaches 
Ti..  -      ix.  and  iiri>r«-<>(linfr  norllnvanl 

aii.  i.i- miinl<'nT>  i>f  WalNiii. 

IKW.  Ur.  W  illuiniwin.  Sicmx  missimian.  moves 
fnun  I^r^nii-|«rle  l<>  Kaixwia.  -Marrli  Hist. 
»trjunU«t  I.>n)i.  (ii|>lain  .\t(iiis<iii.  arrives  at 
Von  Sni'IlJnB. 

IM7.  M.  <'riii«  (-(mnty.  Wisroiisin.  orRanized. 
SUIIwatcr  Uir  cuiinty  M>at.  Harriet  E.  liisliop 
«♦!  ■!  at  St.  I'atil.     Siiw   mills  l>e- 

r  N   falU. 

^1.  <"<immlt«i"m'ri«  Veri'laix'k  a"''  Henry 
Si  li.. .  m«ike  tn-alieh  with  the  ChipiK-ways  at 
F<iti  till  Ijir  and  I^fH'h  I^ke.  The  tfiwii  or  St. 
I';,  and  reeonIe<i  in  the  St. 

Ci. ^  1  diM-dh  ofll<-<'. 

IMh.  Ilitir)-  II.  Sihle).  delegate  to  congress 
fitmi  W  i>. 

M«>  .  .  adniilt<-d,  leaviii);  .Minne- 

■nU  (mtUi  lt«  pniirnt  iKiumlaheN)  witJio\it  a  gov- 
f^rnnirnl. 

Au(UHl  Sftth.  "Stillwater  convention"  held  to 
t«ie  tnnaitun-*  for  a  M-|iarHte  territorial  organiza- 
ti<iii. 

<»rU4«>r  :vnU.  II.  II.  Sibley  electe<l  delegate  to 
otmgm*. 

IMM.  M.'irfli  Art  rif  (xingreHH  rn-ating  Minne- 
■mU  if  I  ■ 

A|>rtl  ■111  in;,-[  i;iiiii  Mary ." ''aptain  Atchison. 
•lTlv««  Nl  ••(    I'ttnl 

•i  '       1 1  M.  <ti"Klliiie  arrives  at  St. 

I'«»..  .■ ..»  rtujtaiier  pn*NK. 

Mat  ITtlti.  liuv.  Aletaiider  ItamM-y  arrives  at 
M'-ii.i..u. 

June  IrI.  (>(>%.  lUtiiwy  itwueti  proclanialioii  de- 
rUttng  thr  tfntitor)'  diil)-  oniaiiiMHl. 

\  ■  ■       ■■    II   Slliley  elerlt-tldelegati-locon- 

ff  ' 

ilnre  r«ihveniHl. 

.^ -  .    .  i.  - .■• .'  iian  rhnich.Sl.  I'liul. 

iMfimliri.  nr*l  lllpnir)  addreMi  at  fallHofSI. 
Alitluifi)  . 
IKMi     JaiiiMO  '•*  IHMorJnil  Society  nuM-ling. 

.T  •       -  ]  •■';;. 

■'  'iiukeN 

»»•  St.  Anthony. 

J •  '     .»Mii«i»iy    Waxne  n-arhen  the 

FailxiTM    AMIhhi). 

July  IMb,  IM<«inlHtiil  Atillimiy  Wayne  aNcendii 


the  Minne.sota  to  the  vicinity  of  Traverse  des 
Sioiix. 

.July  2.ith.  Steamboat  Yankee  goes  beyond 
Uiue  Kartli  Hiver. 

September,  II.  II.  Sibley  elected  delegate  to 
congress. 

October.  Fredrika  Bremer.  Swedish  novelist, 
visits  Minnesota. 

November,  the  Dakotah  Friend,  a  monthly 
pai)er.  a)>peared. 

December,  Colonel  I).  A.  Uobertson  establishes 
Minnesota  Democrat. 

December  :i(illi,  lirst  public  Thanksgiving  day. 

1851.  May,  St.  Anthony  Express  newspaper 
began  its  career. 

July,  treaty  concluded  with  the  Sioux  at  Trav- 
erse des  Sioux. 

July.  Rev.  llobert  Hopkins.  Sioux  missionary, 
drowned. 

August,  treaty  concluded  with  tlie  Sionx  at 
Mankato. 

Scptcmlier  liilh,  the  >Iinnesotian,  of  St.  Piuil, 
edited  by  .1.  P.  Owens,  appeared. 

November,  Jerome  Fuller,  chief  justice  in  place 
of  Aaron  (Joodrich,  arrives. 

December  istli.  Tlianksgiving  day. 

lHo2.     Hennepin  county  created. 

Februiiry  14tli,  Dr.  Rae,  Arctic  explorer,  aiTives 
at  St.  I'aul  with  dog  train. 

•May  nth,  land  slide  at  Stillwater. 

August.  Jas.  M.  (ioodline,  pioneer  editor,  dies. 

November.  Yuhazee.  an  Indian,  convicted  of 
murder. 

IK.'i.S.  .\pril  L'Tlh.  ('lijpi)eways  and  Sioux  fight 
in  htre4'ts  of  St.  I'aul.  (iovernor  Willis  A.  (Jor- 
inan  succeeds  (iovernor  Ramsey. 

October.  Henry  .M.  Rice  elected  delegate  to 
congress.     Tliecapitol  building  completed. 

IWI.  March  'Mi.  Presbyterian  mission  house 
near  Lacnpii-parle  burned. 

June  Mil.  great  excursion  from  Chicago  to  St. 
I'aul  and  SI.  Anthony  Falls. 

Dccend>er  ilTlh,  Yuha/.ee,  the  Indian,  bung  at 
St.  I'aul. 

iK.Vi.  January.  First  briilge  over  Mississippi 
coni|deled  at  Falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

OcIoIht.     II.  .M.  Uice  re-elected  to  congress. 

Dei-rndter  llllh.  .lames  Stewart  arrives  in  St. 
Paid  iliiect  from  Arctic  regions,  witli  relics  of 
Sir  John  Franklin. 


CHRONOLOGY. 


667 


1856.  Erection  of  State  University  building 
was  begun. 

1857.  Congiess  passes  an  act  autliorizing  peo- 
ple of  Minnesota  to  vote  for  a  constitution. 

March.  Inkpadootah  slaughters  settlers  in 
South-west  Minnesota. 

Governor  Samuel  Medary  succeeds  Governor 
"W.  A.  Gorman. 

March  5th.  Land-grant  by  congress  for  rail- 
ways. 

April  27th.  Special  session  of  legislature  con- 
venes. 

July.  On  second  Monday  convention  to  form 
a  constitution  assembles  at  Capitol. 

October  13tli.  Election  for  state  officers,  and 
ratifying  of  the  constitution. 

II.  II.  Sibley  first  governor  under  the  state  con- 
stitution. 

December.  On  first  Wednesday,  first  state  leg- 
islature assembles. 

December.  Henry  M.  Rice  and  James  Shields 
elected  United  States  senators. 

1858.  April  15th.  People  approve  act  of  leg- 
islature loaning  tlie  public  credit  for  five  millions 
of  dollars  to  certain  railway  companies. 

May  11th.  Minnesota  becomes  one  of  the 
United  States  of  America. 

June  2nd.  Adjourned  meeting  of  legislature 
held. 

November.  Supreme  court  of  state  orders 
Governor  Sibley  to  issue  railroad  bonds. 

December.  Governor  Sibley  declares  the  bonds 
a  failure. 

1859.  Normal  school  law  passed. 

June.  Burbank  and  Company  place  the  first 
steamboat  on  Red  River  of  the  North. 

August.  Bishop  T.  L.  Grace  arrived  at  St. 
Paul. 

1859.  October  11th,  state  election,  Alexander 
Ramsey  chosen  Governor. 

1860.  March  23d,  Anna  Bilanski  hung  at  St. 
Paul  for  the  murder  of  her  husband,  the  first 
white  person  executed  in  Minnesota. 

August  9th,  telegraph  line  completed  to  St. 
Paul. 

1861 .  April  14th,  Gov.  Ramsey  calls  upon  pres- 
dent  in  Washington  and  offers  a  regiment  of  vol- 
unteers. 

June  21st,  First  Mumesota  Regiment,  Col.  W. 
A.  Gorman  leaves  for  Washington. 


July  21st,  First  Minnesota  in  battle  of  Bull 
Run. 

October  13th,  Second  Minnesota  Infantry,  Col. 
H.  P.  Van  Cleve  leaves  Fort  Snelling. 

November  16th,  Third  ^linnesota  Infantry,  II. 
C.  Lester  go  to  seat  of  war. 

1862.  January  19th,  Second  Minnesota  in  bat- 
tle at  Mill  Spring  Kentucky. 

April  6th,  First  ^linnesota  Battery,  Captam 
Munch,  at  Pittsburgh  Landing. 

April  21st,  Second  ^Minnesota  Battery,  goes  to 
seat  of  war. 

April  21st,  Fourth  Minnesota  Infantry  Volun 
teers.  Col.  J.  B.  Sanborn  leaves  Fort  Snelling. 

May  13th,  Fifth  Regiment  Volunteers  Col.  Bor- 
gensrode  leaves  for  tlie  seat  of  war. 

May  28th,  Second,  Fourth  and  Fifth  in  battle 
near  Corinth,  Mississippi. 

May  31st.  First  Minnesota  in  battle  at  Fair 
Oaks,  Virginia. 

June  29th,  First  Minnesota  in  battle  at  Savage 
Station. 

June  30th,  First  Minnesota  in  battle  near  Wil- 
lis' Church. 

July  1 ,  First  Minnesota  in  battle  at  Jilalvern  Hill. 

August,  Sixtli  Regiment  Col.  Crooks  organized. 

August,  Seventh  Regiment,  Col.  Miller  organ- 
ized. 

August,  Eighth  Regiment  Col.  Thomas  organ- 
ized. 

August,  Ninth  Regiment,  Col.  Wilkin  organ- 
ized. 

iVugust  18th,  Sioux  attack  whites  at  Lower 
Sioux  Agency. 

September  23d,  Col.  Sibley  defeats  Sioux  at 
Mud  Lake. 

December  26th,  Thirty-eight  Sioux  executed 
on  the  same  scaffold  at  Mankato. 

1863.  January,  Alexander  Ramsey  elected 
United  States  Senator. 

May  14th,  Foiu'th  and  Fifth  Regiment  in  battle 
near  Jackson,  ^lississippi. 

July  2d,  First  Minnesota  Infantry  in  battle  at 
Gettysburg!),  Pennsylvania. 

September  19th,  Second  Minnesota  Infantry 
engaged  at  Chickamauga,  Tennessee. 

November  23d,  Second  Minnesota  Infantry 
engaged  at  Mission  Ridge. 

1864.  January,  Col.  Stephen  Miller  inaugu- 
rated Governor  of  Alinnesota. 


«« 


nisTonr  of  iiEsyEriN  county. 


Marrti  «»Ui,  Tlilnl  Minnesota  Infantn  eiijr.iged 

I  Minnpsota  Infantn  engagCMl  at 

Ijiltr  Cliicol.  AtkanKM-H. 

Jul)  I3tli.  S«'V<'ntli.  Xintli.  .inil  Ttiitli,    witli 
|K>rtiMn  of   Kiftli   MiniH'.Hota   Infantry    I'nRased  i 
at  TtiiD'Ui.  MiKslKHippi. 

Jiil>  Hill.  Colonol  AIpx.  Wilkin  of  tlie  Ninth 
killnl. 

<  !  'Mirtli  Hepimcnt  enfjaged  near 

A  '      -   .' 

l>«vmil>«T 'III,  Kiglitli  IlcKimcnt  engaged  near 
M  '     ".  Ti'iiiifjiM-*". 

.  Mill.  Xiiitli  and  Tenth   Uegiments 
Mile.  Tenii. 

Janiiar>  Itttli,  Daniel  S.  Xnrton.  elected 
"»lat<-h  iD-nator. 
Ai'iil  '.'III.   I'lfih.  Sixth.  Si'venth.  Xinlli  and 
'leiith  at  Uii'  s!i-c<'  iif  Miiliile. 

X<iv<-tnl«T  lOUi.  Shak|K-ilan,  Siniix  chief,  and 
MtiliriiK'  r.'  :<-<l  Bt  Fort  Snelling. 

\'"'"-      .1..  Colonel   Willlani  l{.  Mai- 

.iiigiiraleil  (iuvenior  of  Minnesota.  I 

I'ri'iKiniton    de|>artnient   of    the   State   ' 

llj  .  OIUMK*"!. 

Iwii".  Janiuin.  (iovenior  Marshall  enters  upiin 
Mviiiiil  ii-mi. 

.1.,:  ii;«r»  Ut.  MiiiiieNola  State  lieforni  School 
*■)  ■  '  •*. 

x-*!  Ii\  legiHiatiin-.  removing 
•ml  iif  eiivemnienl  In  a  kimiI  iii«r  Big  Kamliyolii 
I<akp     xclmil  liv  (Jovenior  .Marshall. 

l>';o  .laiiiiai)  Till.  l|orac<>  .\iistin  inaugurated 
»»  fc-oM-nior. 

I»<;i.  Janiiar).  \\  III.  Winiloin  elei'ted  I'liit^-d 
Hlalra  «>hMl<ir.  Ill  llir  full  destructive  flre«  oc- 
ra»l<Hir«l  |i>  IiIkIi  m iiidn.  Nwept  over  fniiiliereuun- 
ttr» 

Janiiar),  I invenior  Austin  enters  ii|>(iii 
.■I  M«  .iikI  icrtn. 


1S73.  January  "tli,  8th  and  9th,  polar  wave 
sweeps  over  the  state,  seventy  persons  psrishing. 

May  •2M.  the  senate  of  Minnesota  convicts  state 
treasurer  of  corriii)tion  in  ollice. 

Septemb?r,  grasshopper  raid  began  and  con- 
tinued five  seasons.  Jay  Cooke  failure  occasions 
a  linancial  i>anic. 

I.S74.  January  !Uh.  Ciislimaii  K.  Davis  in- 
augurated governor.  William  S.  King  elected  to 
congress. 

187.5.  Feliruary  liUli.S.  J.  H.  .M>-Millan  elected 
United  States  senator. 

November,  amendnr'nt  to  state  constitution, 
allowing  any  woman  twenty-one  years  of  age  to 
vole  for  scliool  oTujr.s,  an  1  to  b3  eligible  for 
s(!liool  oflices.  Itocky  Mountain  locusts  destroy 
crops  in  sonlhwestern  Minnesota. 

1K7().  January  7lli.  Jolm  S.  I'illshury  inaugur- 
ated governor. 

January  12th,  State  Forestry  associalion  or- 
ganized. 

September  fith.  outlaws  from  Missouri  kill  the 
cashier  of  the  Northlield  Hank. 

1879.  November,  state  constitution  amended 
forbidding  public  moneys  to  be  used  for  the  sup- 
port of  .schools  wherein  the  distinctive  creeds  or 
tracts  of  any  particular  Christian  or  other  relig- 
ous  sect  are  taught.  J.  II.  Stewart,  M.  D.,  elected 
to  congress.  IJiennial  sessions  of  the  legislature 
a(loi)ted. 

IS7S.  January,  Governor  I'illsbuary  enters 
npon  a  second  term. 

-Miiy  lid.  explosion  in  llii'  Washburn  and  other 
llourniillsat  .Minneapolis.  One  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  dollars  appropriated  to  luirchase  seed 
grain  for  destitute  settlers. 

I8S0.  Xoveniber  l")th,a  porliou  <if  the  Insane 
Asylum  at  St.  I'eti'r  was  destroyed  by  lire  and 
twenty-seven  inmates  lost  their  lives. 


TOWKSIHP  DIBECTOBIES. 


669 


T(  )AVXS1  [IP  DIRECTORIES. 


CHAPTER  LXXXVI. 

BLOOMIXGTON. 
P.  O. 

Adelman,  M.,  farmer  Riclilield, 
Ahern,  David,  farmer,  Richlield, 
Ames,  Orville,  farmer, 

Bloomiiigton  Ferry, 
Ahern,  Geo.,  farmer,      Kichfiekl, 
Ancel,  J.  S.,  farmer,     Bloomington. 
Bropaii,  Margaret,         Bloomington, 
Bradbury,  A.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Buchle,  S.,  farmer,        Bloomington, 
Boeser,  W.,  farmer,       Riclitield, 
Bradbury,  J.  II.,fmer,  Bloomington, 
Bazley,T.T.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 
Brewster,  VVm.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 
Bailliff,  E.  A.,  farmer,  Bloomington, 
Bailliff,  R.  L.,  farmer,  Bloomington, 
Batclieller,  J.  P.,  fmer,  Bloomington, 
Bunker,  F.  R.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 
Brown,  John,  farmer, 

I51oomington  Ferry, 
Brewster,  :Martha,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 
Beecroft,  John,  farmer.  Bloomington, 
Couillard,  A.  11.,  fmer,  Minneapolis, 
Christian,  Peter,  fmer,  Bloomington, 
Cummings,  J.  M.,f'mer,  Richfield, 
Constantine,  C.  fmer.  Fort  Snelling, 
Cumming,  A.,  meh"t  and  postmaster, 
Bloomington, 
Coleman,  11.,  farmer,    Bloomington, 
Cooper.  John,  farmer,   Bloomington, 
Chadwick.Wm.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 
Cunningham,  II.  D.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry, 


A. 

s. 

98 

4 

160 

18 

64 

5 

80 

17 

160 

19 

14 

310 

2 

20 

2 

80 

9 

160 

15 

148 

29 

120 

32 

96  J 

19 

170 

21 

163 

21 

80 

31 

220 

5 

80 

32 

114 

14 

74 

1 

80 

2 

76 

3 

2 

12 

16 

.50 

18 

100 

29 

315 

6 

119 

5 

P.  O.  A 

Cameron,  J.,  ferrymen. 

Bloomington  Ferry,  10 
Cliadwick,  Robt.,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Feriy,  80 

Chattel!,  Y.,  farmer,     Bloomington,  160 

Camont,  Aime,  farmer,Bloom!ngton,  1-50 

Dean,  J.  I.,  farmer,       Bloomington,  160 

Davis,  James,  faimer,  Bloomington,  132 

Douthwaite,  G.,  f  rm'r,Bloomington,  120 

Dean,  Robert,  farmer,  Bloomington,  160 

Davis,  N.  J.,  farmer,     Bloomington,  160 

Davis,  T.  W.,  farmer,  Bloomington,  80 

Dean,  C.  J.  &  It.  II.,  Bloomington,  160 
Ellingson,  S.,  farmer,  Bloomington  Ferry,  300 

Gnassir,  J.,  farmer,       Richfield,  40 

Girard,  Jos.,  farmer,  Bloomington,  370 
Goodrich,  R.,  farmer.  Bloomington  Ferry ,  193 
Goodrich,  E.,  farmer,  Bloomington  Ferry,   2 

Hanson,  \X.,  farmer.    Fort  Snelling,  320 

Haeg,  Val'ine,  farmer,  Richfield,  480 

Ilisler.  John,  farmer,    Bloomington,  229 

Ilai-ford,  E.  J.,  farmer,  Bloomington,  160 

Harmon.  II.,  farmer,    Bloomington,  160 

Harrison,  J.,  farmer,     Bloomington,  171 

Ilaugliey,  J.,  farmer,  Bloomington,  75 
Ilyland,  R.,  farmer,  Bloomington  Ferry,    34 

Hopkins,  W.  J.,    "        Bloomington,  121 

Helmuth,  II.,  farmer,   Bloomington,  80 

Haeg,  D.,  farmer,          Bloomington,  80 

Ilausler,  V.,  farmer,  Ricldield,  80 
Harrison,  W.  A.,  "        Bloomington 

Kierce,  P.,  farmer,  Riclifield,  40 
Knott,  J.  C,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry,  100 
Kell,  Charles,  farmer, 

Bloomington  Ferry,  40 
Kelley,  R.  II.,  farmer, 

Bloomingt(m  Ferry.  148 

Kelley,  J.  N.,  farmer,    Bloomington,  100 

Kirk,  J.  II.,  farmer,      Richfield,  80 


32 

17 

17 

10 

15 

8 

19 

14 

22 

19 

6 

8 

17 

4 

5 

1 

4 

2 

10 
15 
16 
16 
29 
22 
30 
3 
3 
16 


31 

31 

32 
32 


CTO 


nisnuiY  OF  BEy^^ErIN  county. 


Kril.  Win.,  farmer.        HirlilU-l«l. 
Kril>.J.  \^ 

|i  II  Fcrr)'. 

KM'iiicti.  IL.  tunaer,     lllfK>niiiiKl<in. 

:         •       ■   '  I'  -  ^iiciiinR, 

;  u\. 

Ijiniinnaii.  It.  tHiiticr.  MiiiiicaixiliN. 
I^oKan.J    ' 


A. 

s. 

28.5 

4 

4s 

32 

2(Mi 

20 

r>,5 

o 

1K.S      :i 


1                    H  Krrn. 

7 

in 

■ 

.5« 

11 

J.     - 

114 

1 

Mrliiwd.  W.  K.. farmer.  lUnnmiiifrtoii' 

i»n 

>>•> 

MK-luiv.  - 

i                  11  F«-rr>. 

77 

.so 

'       '         '  .  faniuT.       HIoominBt'Mi. 

DKI 

81 

J..  fHrmer.  Hl<«>niinKt«ii, 

Ml 

12 

> .  fanner.       KliMttiiiiiRlon. 

itto 

21 

mri'Mi. 

SO 

').> 

iii(fi<iii. 

1S.5 

30 

Mr  AfM-.  Wm..  miller.  Kltumininon, 

1 

■  I.  K(ir1  Sm-Uinif. 

KO 

1 

1                    ri  Feny. 

1(14 

33 

« >-  •    ■  ■                    .  r.  l(l(Mmiiiiirl<iii, 

IMI 

fl 

'                                 •  T.  KliHimiiiKtoii. 

KO 

(1 

.  I.I. 

7K 

•1 

.    1.-   --:..-l<l. 

Ml 

il 

.M.faraier.UlrlineUi, 

80 

n 

■  Id, 

74 

3 

ilKtoll. 

in;t 

11 

Talmrr.  W.,  fanner.     Hli««niliii{t<iii, 

II 

II 

I'alinet,  1'..  fntniet.        liloiitiiiliKtoli. 

Ml 

14 

I'naw.  h..  (annei.           lllixriiiiiKtoii, 

;i 

33 

i'alniet.  A  .  (nniiet.       ltl<Miiiiiti);l<iii. 

411 

2<l 

IVfMn.  XI..  (aimei.         liliHiniiiiKt'Mi, 

hO 

20 

i'<Hi<1.  K.  It  .  fanner,     llliMiniliiKton, 

00 

22 

'                                                                          'ilJ'"'!. 

2U1 

30 

■Icl, 

120 

r, 

lU).  M<H»».  farmer.  llltMimliifdon  Ferr>' 

40 

2« 

Ha).  Wrii                                          lerry 

imi 

30 

IMnMh    J 

lin 

1 

IL'O 

K 

■.. 

K,', 

0 

'iKloll, 

KM) 

17 

!l. 

Nl 

16 

1.. 

KM) 

M 

lll<HHnlnRt<in, 

m 

16 

•      r.rr,-. 

M 

30 

1'. 

27/i 

2H 

T.  O.                             A.  S. 

Scliofield.Z.  II..farmer.Bloomington,  23 

Tynan.  Tlios..  farmer.  Minneapolis,            80  17 

Tlioniiison.  A.  P..  '•  Ulooniinston  Ferry,  IfiO  31 

Tlionia.s.  A.  l'.,farmer.Bl.i(iniin','t()n.         220  19 

Van  Xcss.  G.  .Jr.   "      Miiinclialia,              40  1 

Vesey,  Tliomas,    "    Uloomington  Ferry,  341  4 

Minneapolis,             40  1 

Uloomington,            80  15 

Bloomington  Ferry,  63  30 

Bloomington  Ferry,  40  ,32 

151o(}nuugton,          126  28 


\'aii  Xess.  Sen.,  " 
Williams.  L.,  " 
\Vnusi)er.  Jos.,  " 
West.  W..  farmer. 
Wren,  L.,  farmar. 


Abbott.  N.  (i..  farmer,  Minneiipolis,  80  25 
Atkinson,  Lewis,  farmer, 

Champlin,  3 

iVrclier.  Jas.,  farmer,   Brooklyn  Centre,  166  35 

Bennett.  B.  L..             Shingle  Creek  80  3 

Hrigliam.  Levi.  farmer.Osseo,  140  6 

Urown.  .\l.  ]i..  farau^r,  Brooklyn  Centre,  66  9 

Hragdciii.  .Monzo.far..  Osseo,  120  10 

Brown.  II.  M..  farmer.  Osseo,  4li  17 

Umwn.  M.  .M..  farmer,  O.sseo,  40  19 

Biickliolz.  .John,  far.,    O.sseo,  80  21 

Benson.  A.  IL,  farraer.Minneapolis,  200  25 

Bohanon.  II.  ("..far..     Brooklyn  Centre,  84  28 

Balfonr.M.G.. carpi,    Shingle  Creek,  10  35 

Baker,  E.,  farmer,        Shingle  Creek,  9  36 

Brown.  ().  II..  carpt,     Osseo,  2  18 

Benson,  C.  II..  farmer.  Minneapolis,  40  25 

Coltoii,  I).,  farmer.       Shingle  Creek,  123  11 

Cliristianson,  C,  far.,    .Minneaiiolis,  38  23 

Crosman,  A.  M..  far..    .Minneaiiolis,  35  26 

('4inlt<-r.  .\.  . I.,  fanner,  Minneapolis.  146  32 

Crooker,  X.,  fanner.    Shingle  Creek,  210  36 

Cjipnin.  T.  C,  farmer.  O.sseo,  80  19 

Curtis.  II.,  fanner,        Osseo,  'iO  17 
Clianiller.  F.  II..(ar|it.  \  far., 

0.sseo,  7 

Cliipinan.  S  .  fanner,     .Minneapolis,  40  35 

Dexler.  L.  I).,  farmer.  Minneapolis,  114  20 

Dibb,  Isaac,  farmer.     Osseo,  160  30 

Kexter./,.  II..  farmer,  Osseo.  K2  30 

I)oni,<".  I'.,  farmer.       Brooklyn  Centre,  58  34 

Ouniam.  .).  M..  far..      .Miniieapohs,  142  36 

iJiirnain,  (;.  A.,far.       Minneapolis,  10  36 

Diiniani.  A,  B.,  far..      .Minneapolis,  36 

Iloteii, 'I'.,  farmer.          Bronklsii  Ceiilre.  160  22 

Dinining. . I.  B..  farmer,  Champlin,  40  3 


TOWNSHIP  DIBECTOEIES. 


671 


P.  o. 
Eidem,  J.  J.,  farmer,    Champlin, 
Ecker,  Phillip,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre. 
Estes,  J.,  lumberman.  Shingle  Creek, 
Fernald,  C.  O.,  farmer,  Osseo, 
Felt,  D.  W.,  Shingle  Creek, 

Fletcher,W.  H.,farm'r.  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Fletcher,  W.  S.,     "      Brooklyn  Centre, 
Goodrich,  C.  W.,    "      Champlin, 
Goodrich,  W.  II.,  "      Champlin, 
Green,  M.  A.  farmer,    Brooklyn  Centre, 
Gould,  S.  J.,     farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Goodwin,  W.  II.,   "       Brooklyn  Centre, 
Getchell,  L.  L.,     "        Brooklyn  Centre, 
Green,  J.  B.,    farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Getchell,  N.  H.,    "       Brooklyn  Centre, 
Green.  A.  N.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Gaslin,  W.  II.;  farmer,  Champlin, 
Halverson,01e,     "       Brooklyn  Centi-e, 
Hartkopf,  C,    farmer,  Osseo, 
Hutchinson, M.  II.,  "    Brooklyn  Centre, 
Hanscom,  E.,  farmer,   Brooklyn  Centre, 
Ham,  J.  L.,      farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Hanscom,  F.  A.,    "       Brooklyn  Centre, 
Harrison,  C.  W.,    "       Brooklyn  Centre, 
Hill,  T.  P.,  farmer,        Osseo, 
Howe,  C.  R.,  merchant  and  postmaster, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Ilowe,  Asa,  farmer,      Brooklyn  Centre, 
Hall,  B.  C,  clergyman,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Howe,  S.  C,  gardener,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Hauber,  W.  II.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Harrison,  C.  D.,  fmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Jenkins,  N.  II.,  fmer,  Osseo, 
Jentsch,  II.,  former,      Shingle  Creek, 
Johnson,  R.,  farmer,    Brooklyn  Centre, 
Johnson,  J.  B., farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Johnson,  Peter,  fmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Kilmer,  Henry,  fmer,  Osseo, 
Kuobel,  M.  Jr.,  fmer,  Osseo, 
Kelly,  O.  A.,  farmer,    Osseo, 
Lane,  Samuel,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Lockwood,  A.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Lawrence,  L.,  farmer.  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Locke,  A.  B.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Martin,  J.,  farmer,        Osseo, 
Merrill.  Silas,  farmer,  Cliamplin, 
■Merrill,  S.  W.,  farmer,  Shingle  Creek, 
Moses,  H.  M.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Michelson,  II.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 


A. 

s. 

100 

4 

120 

22 

lots 

36 

30 

6 

lots  36 

133 

33 

•5 

33 

3 

66 

3 

120 

20 

50 

21 

71 

28 

8 

28 

39 

28 

160 

28 

20 

50 

3 

20 

16 

200 

20 

40 

26 

140 

27 

40 

27 

20 

27 

100 

28 

107 

29 

34 

76 

27 

27 

100 

34 

10 

4 

O 

80 

6 

50 

11 

120 

23 

10 

25 

53 

31 

260 

9 

160 

5 

42 

17 

120 

3 

80 

26 

135 

28 

40 

29 

20 

6 

80 

10 

143 

11 

200 

22 

100 

22 

Myers,  Hugh,  farmer, 
Myers,  Jacob,  farmer, 
Mickleson,  A.,  farmer, 
Munson,  S.  D.,  farmer, 
Moses,  T.  B.,  farmer. 
Men-ill.  S.  K..  laborer, 
Merrill,  E.  W.,  farmer. 
Normandin,L..f  mer, 
Neddersen,  F.,  farmer, 
Norris,  R.  W.,  farmer, 
Norris,  E.  R.,  farmer, 
Norris,  J.  W.,  farmer, 
Nomandin,  P.,  farmer, 
N^orthrup,F.II.,     "' 
Oleson,  T.,  farmer, 
Overrick,P.  B.,  " 
Pribble,S.  P.,  gardener, 
Parker,  A.,  farmer, 
Peterson,  C,  farmer, 
Pomeroy,G.  W.,  " 
Peterson,  T.,  farmer, 
Pickens,  L.C.,     " 
Plummer,  J.  P.,  " 
Potter,  Isaac,  farmer, 
Pineo,  J.  P.,  carpenter, 
Pineo,  W.,  gardner, 
Raiche,  P.,  farmer, 
Ratlibun,  E.  M.,  " 
Rixon,  Andrew,  " 
Ritenburg,  Jno.,  " 
Stanchfield,  E., farmer, 
Schreiber,  F.,  farmer, 
Sampson,  N.,  farmer, 
Smith,  A.  J.,  farmer. 
Smith, G.  II.,  confctor, 
Schreiber,  C,  farmer, 
Smith.  H.  M.,  farmer, 
Savage,  G.  W., farmer, 
Schrader,  B.  M.,    " 
Setzler,  George,    " 
Stanchfleld,  W.,    " 
Stucki,  C,  farmer, 
Swanson,  A.,    " 
Smith,  John,     " 
Stevens,   W.,  farmer, 
Spaf[<.)rd,  E.,  farmer, 
Smitli,  John,  farmer. 
Smart,  R.  J.,  farmer, 
Tessman,  A.,  farmer. 


p.  o. 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Minneapolis, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Osseo, 
Osseo, 

Brooklyn  Centre, 
Brooklyn  Centre. 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Osseo, 

Brooklyn  Centre, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Champlin, 
Champlin, 
Champlin, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Miuneapolis, 
Minneapolis. 
Minneapolis. 
Osseo, 

Brooklyn  Centre, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Osseo, 
Champlin, 
Shingle  Creek, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Shingle  Creek, 
Osseo, 
Osseo, 
Osseo, 
Osseo, 
Osseo, 

Brooklyn  Centre, 
Osseo. 
Osseo, 
Osseo, 
Osseo, 
Osseo, 
Osseo, 

Brooklyn  Centre, 
Shingle  Creek, 
Brooklyn  Centre, 
Brooklyn  Centre. 
Minneapolis, 
Osseo. 


A. 

160 

160 

40 

43 

30 


80 
240 
34 
40 
40 
60 
52 
40 
40 
20 
20 
40 
60 
40 


160 

3 

4 

40 

120 

132 

80 

100 

240 

75 

150 

160 

240 

226 

100 

40 

80 

80 

80 

80 

46 

280 

40 

94 

220 

160 


s. 

29 

29 

31 

33 

21 

9 

3 

7 

9 

21 

21 

22 

7 

27 

15 

15 

3 

3 

5 

9 


30 
34 
31 

8 

10 

13 

35 

3 

4 


17 
16 
32 
18 
19 
19 
19 
19 
19 
21 
24 
9 
9 
15 
17 


672 


jjisTunv  OF  jiExyEPiN  couxir. 


r.  <'. 


Tluiyw.  A-  A..f«ninT.  (>(»«». 

T    S..  farmer.  Ilmoklyn  Centre. 
K.  F..  "      Jiliiineai><>lis. 
nt«ni|iw>ri.  II.  S..  "       Hnx'kyn  (Viilre, 
T-irliiiil> .  J.  J.,  funner.  Oswii. 
\\<;.\«T,  J«»..  fanner.  Cliaiiii'liii, 
\Vi  Hum.  (itHi..  fanner. ('Iiflii)|>liii, 
W     trr.  <'..  farmer.       Owieo. 
J.,  fanner.  Osseo; 

V,  Osse<>. 
Miiiii)a|inliR, 
\\  .,<\.  y.  K..  farmer.  ORseo. 
'^       '   C.  II..  farmer.    Onsen. 

•  r.  I»an..  fanner.  Miniieaixilis, 
UiiiiainH.  A.  !»..  )•'•>'»'<•'='"• 

HrcMikl)n  Oinie. 
Walm.  W.  W.  Jr..  fanner. 

I!. 


A. 

s. 

17 

61 

27 

80 

32 

75 

32 

Krfl 

6 

Mm 

O 

n.5 

r, 

:;(Mi 

s 

120 

1» 

UK) 

18 

220 

24 

180 

30 

200 

82 

40 

31 

/... 


iiln'. 

.  Itroiiklyn  Centre, 
lirrxiklyn  Centre, 
HriNiklyii  Centre. 
Miniie.i|K>lis. 
.l!riMik1\ii  Centn- 
lliiHikl>ii  Centre, 
to*.  J.,  rral  Mtate  and  inKumnee, 

Cliiimiilin, 
Ohiu-o, 
(>i»eo, 
Ometi. 

Okm-o. 


W.-.ln..  J.   ■.. 

mail.  J.  S.. 
.-x.II.  I'..     ■ 
.  ('..  fanner. 
I  \  .J.  M..  («rm« 
•  I  I...  fanner. 


Wrilirni  V..    farmer 
II.  Al*.. 
.11.  J.  II..  • 
.1.   I'..       • 


101 
.51 
40 

HO 
12 
80 
80 


00 
80 
07 
111 
120 

m 


<  IIAMI'I.IN. 


Itiaii.lei.  M  ni     M:i'l>'tnllli, 

'     :ini|tlih. 
In^'iwa),  W  .,  HA'^i  iiiic, 

Cliam|itln. 

Cliam|i|ln. 
I  ... .  ..»'  1.  Minkir. 

<'liaM)|illn, 
Ci.Wtttkit.S.  lt..b1arkMnllli. 

•  'Iianiplln 
I Mnnrlly.T..  fanner,    Ctiam|illn. 
|ipt>u>».  J.  W..faiin  t. 


43     28 


34 
34 
34 
34 
3.5 
34 
32 

17 
.5 
5 
« 
ii 

10 
10. 


100     lit 


10 


n. 

in 

n, 

40 

21 

■I. 

10 

n, 

1A 

It) 

n. 

120 

81 

n. 

00 

82 

P.  o. 
Fullerton.  Wm..  carpt..Clianiiilin, 
Fislier,  W..  farmer,  Cliamiilin, 
Falier.  X.,  merchant.  Cliamplin, 
Knllerton.  A.  J.. earpt.. Cliamplin. 
(iibson,  Wm..  laborer,  Cliainiiliii, 
(ihostly,  II..  capitalist.  Cliamplin. 
(ioldsniitli.  .r..  wagon-maker. 

Cliamplin. 
Ilayden,  W..  farmer.  Cliamplin, 
Ilajden.  1).  W..  far.,  Cliamplin, 
Hinckley.. J.  li..  far.,  Cliamplin, 
Ilaslinns, C.  E..  far.,  Clianiiilin, 
Hills.  (J.  A..poslm"er.  Cliamplin, 
Ilnnter,  .Tolni,  farmer.  Cliamiiliii, 
Ilerrick.  15.  F..  farmer. Cliamplin, 
Ilerrick.  .J.  V.  13.,  stone-ma.son, 

Cliamplin. 
Ilerrick.  N.,  carpenter.Cliamplin. 
Ilerlist.  II.,  merchant.  Cliamplin. 
.Jenkins.  J.  W.,  far.,  Cliamplin, 
Kelley.  Henry,  farmer.Cliamplin, 
Lane,  .1.  W..  farmer.  Cliamplin, 
Lane.  A.  1'..  farmer.  Cliamjiliii. 
Miare.  (J.  I).. farmer.  Cliaiiniliii, 
Millliollin.  .las.  and  .Inlin.  farmers, 

Cliamplin. 
.Miller.  ().  S.,insiiiaii(i'.  Cliamplin,  . 
Miller.  U.  H.,  wheelw't, Cliamplin, 
I'omeroy.  J.  15..  farnier.  Cliami)lin, 
I'rililile.  T..  farmer.  Cliamplin, 
I'ralt.  1{.  M.,  miller.  Cliamiilin, 
Ueeve.s.  J.  W.,  farmer.Cliamplin, 
Stockton.  .)..  farmer,  Cliamplin, 
Smith.  H.  S..  fanner,  Cliamplin, 
Smith.  \V.  \V..  farmer,  Cliamplin, 
.Schmidt.  W..  farmer,  Osseo, 
Smiley.  C.  \V..  farmer.  Cliamplin. 
Stockton..!.  ,\.,  finer.  Cliamplin, 
Shinnway.  .1,,  villaRe  lots. 
Trnssell..!.  IL,  farmer, Cliamplin, 
Tliorndike,  F.,  hotel,  Cliamplin, 
Williams.  X.  ,\.,  fmer.  Cliamjilin, 
Wethern,  H.. I r.,f'mer, Cliamplin, 
Walker,  K.  S..  farmer,  Chami)lin, 
Williams.  W.  II.,  "  Cliamplin, 
Welheni.  II..  r"ld  "  Cliamplin, 
/opil,  F.,  fanner,  Cliamplin, 

Ziipli.  .Matt.,  farmer.      O.sseo, 


A. 

s. 

31 

lOJ 

24 

80 

19 

19 

19 

19 

80 

19 

177 

24 

20 

24 

110 

30 

17.5 

31 

19 

30 

80 

33 

19 

80 

2.5 

40 

33 

40 

30 

80 

26 

186 

33 

40 

19 

80 

19 

80 

30 

31 

40     31 


118 

24 

131 

29 

134 

29 

120 

36 

19 

34 

4.5 

24 

179 

2-5 

19 

40 

29 

.5.5 

33 

120 

32 

80 

32 

30 

19 

211 

2.5 

120 

36 

TOWNSHIP  DIRECTOBIES. 


673 


CORCOR. 

IN. 

P.  0. 

A. 

s. 

Allair,  J.,  fanner, 

Corcoran, 

7 

21 

Adcoek,  Robt.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

80 

24 

Bennett,  Wm.,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

120 

3 

Barrett,  P.,  farmer. 

Hanover, 

80 

5 

Barry,  Matthew,  farmer, 

Hanover, 

•2i0 

6 

Bush,  John,  farmer, 

Hanover, 

120 

6 

Brown,  Fred,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

12 

Bingenheimer,  J.,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

12 

Burke.  P.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

200 

14 

BaiTy,  Michael,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

150 

15 

Bolduc,  P.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

1(12 

18 

Bolduc,  M.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

80 

20 

Boldean,  J.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

70 

21 

Boucher,  0.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

80 

37 

Boyou,  J.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

60 

29 

Boldie,  John,  farmer, 

Dupont, 

So 

29 

Barbeau,  J.,  farmer, 

Dupont, 

80 

31 

Bukosky,  J.,  farmer, 

Dupont, 

40 

19 

Corcoran,  P.  B.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

640 

23 

Cassy,  Wm.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

160 

15 

Carpentier,  F.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

118 

21 

Corcoran,  Thomas,  former. 

Corcoran, 

269 

26 

Carpenter,  Chas.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

86 

27 

Carpenter,  A.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

80 

27 

Cassy,  P.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

80 

30 

Case,  L.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

40 

30 

Case,  H.  H.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

SO 

31 

Corcoran,  Wm.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

240 

23 

Cain,  M.  N.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

160 

14 

Cook,  Robt.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

121 

4 

Case,  Alvin,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

80 

30 

Daily,  T.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

160 

2 

Dellis,  Martin,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

120 

7 

Daily  Patrick,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

160 

9 

Dufour,  M.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

40 

33 

Dayton,  G.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

of) 

IS 

Dupont,  Joseph,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

240 

19 

Degardins,  J.,  farmer, 

Dupont, 

130 

26 

Daniel,  Dennis,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

80 

26 

Dupont,  S.  E.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

57 

31 

Dupont.  A.,  farmer, 

Dupont. 

57 

31 

Dorman,  L.  H.,  farmer. 

Dupont, 

160 

32 

Ditzler,  W.,  farmer. 

Lenz, 

80 

33 

Dailey,  Pat.,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

160 

9 

Donnelly,  P.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

120 

35 

Esterle,  Godfrey,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

1 

Eagan,  John,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

240 

11 

Eagan,  D.,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

50 

15 

43 


Eagan,  E.,  farmer, 
Fehan,  John,  farmer, 
Fisher,  F.,  farmer, 
Ferrians,  J.  J.,  farmer, 
Ferrians,  J.  Jr.,  farmer, 
Finn,  M.,  farmer, 
Fitzpatrick,  D.,  farmer, 
Fehau,  Conrad,  farmer, 
Foran,  Mary,  farmer, 
Fitzpatrick,  John,  farmer. 
Fox,  JSlary.  farmer. 
Fox,  Patrick,  farmer, 
Gaurs,  John,  farmer, 
Goven,  Stephen,  farmer, 
Grosuick,  M.,  farmer, 
Gague,  George,  farmer, 
Goldworthy,  J.,  farmer, 
Gorham,  S.,  farmer, 
Gardner,  J.,  farmer, 
Gague,  Jas.,  farmer, 
Heebner,  John,  farmer, 
Ilogan,  John,  farmer. 
Huot,  E.,  merchant, 
Hustert,  Theo.,  farmer, 
Hatckler,  Dan.,  farmer. 
Iloag,  Aaron,  farmer. 
Jubert,  A.,  farmer, 
Kennedy,  John,  farmer, 
Kottka,  G.,  farmer, 
Kluck,  J.  A.,  farmer, 
Keizer,  Samuel,  farmer, 
Keran,  Hugh,  farmer, 
Keian,  O.,  farmer, 
Kearns,  M.,  farmer, 
Kalk,  Michael,  farmer, 
Lange,  M.,  farmer, 
Lafrie,  A.,  farmer. 
Lacrosse,  A.,  farmer, 
Lacount,  A.,  farmer. 
Lynch,  Patrick,  farmer. 
Meagher,  Margaret,  farmer, 
Meagher,  Mary,  farmer, 
Molan,  Daniel,  farmer. 
May,  Joseph  Jr.,  farmer, 
JSIcDonell,  John,  farmer, 
Molan,  Mary,  farmer, 
Molan,  John,  farmer, 
McKewan,  i^.,  farmer, 
Moran,  Joseph,  farmer, 


p.  0. 

A. 

s. 

Corcoran, 

80 

15 

Corcoran, 

160 

26 

Corcoran, 

40 

2 

Corcoran, 

100 

7 

Corcoran, 

60 

7 

Corcoran, 

157 

17 

Corcoran, 

160 

35 

Osseo, 

40 

3 

Corcoran, 

160 

14 

Corcoran, 

80 

25 

Corcoran, 

140 

4 

Corcoran, 

80 

4 

Corcoran, 

120 

16 

Dupont, 

160 

19 

Dupont, 

80 

21 

Corcoran, 

118 

27 

Corcoran, 

80 

33 

Corcoran, 

100 

34 

Corcoran, 

169 

19 

Corcoran, 

80 

28 

Osseo, 

80 

3 

Corcoran, 

160 

8 

Corcoran, 

43 

21 

Dupont, 

80 

30 

Osseo, 

SO 

2 

Hasson, 

560 

19 

Dupont, 

98 

32 

Hanover. 

200 

5 

Hanover, 

162 

6 

Dupont, 

160 

18 

Dupont, 

40 

21 

Corcoran, 

160 

26 

Corcoran, 

160 

34 

Corcoran, 

80 

34 

Corcoran, 

50 

8 

Corcoran, 

159 

7 

Dupont, 

40 

19 

Dupont, 

40 

oo 

Dupont, 

80 

34 

Corcoran, 

280 

35 

Corcoran, 

80 

4 

Corcoran, 

79 

4 

Corcoran, 

80 

5 

Corcoran, 

120 

6 

Corcoran, 

155 

10 

Corcoran, 

160 

14 

Corcoran, 

190 

14 

Corcoran, 

80 

27 

Corcoran, 

160 

27 

«7I 


nisTonv  OF  nExsEPiN  covnty. 


r. 

«1. 

A. 

8. 

Mow*.  AH>«t.  farrow. 

l)lI|M>llt, 

70 

.SI 

("iiri-oran. 

SO 

Xi 

llirl. 

«'<>ii-<iraii. 

240 

11 

May.  John.  faniMT. 

1  VmYimii. 

so 

10 

',               f  ■  *  .    , 

( »-'-(.{i. 

80 

.1 

'          ran. 

SO 

2.'-. 

II  lin<ti.  H  ..  Uniii't. 

i  '  !■  .iraii. 

Rl 

4 

< -I   <;«int«'.  famicr. 

(  )>'M'0. 

W 

12 

iriAi.  fanner. 

(>8seo, 

160 

10 

■net 

(  >S.H<^». 

100 

10 

I)ll|Hl||t. 

Ml 

Hi) 

(HBitijt.  Xlc.  farmer. 

Ia'M.. 

120 

.S2 

'iniMT. 

( Nw-o, 

80 

12 

.ilT. 

C'oreonui. 

80 

18 

l'<«»«-iu»ii.  J  .  (aniKT. 

('<irr<iraji. 

SO 

20 

i'lmtiiit.  It.,  faiiiii't. 

]>llIK)llt. 

SO 

21 

i'aincidr.  M.  Jr..  fanner. 

Corcoran. 

77 

21 

•    farmer. 

Corcoran, 

100 

.1.) 

;ier, 

IlllINIIlt. 

200 

.SO 

I'otiltol.  1..  fanner. 

l)ll|>OIlt. 

SO 

31 

•              *         ■    '  .  !ij<r. 

Cori'onm. 

100 

HI 

<'or<-iir!in. 

100 

80 

•  'orwiran. 

so 

3 

,.    , i  ;  . 

Corcoran. 

100 

8 

KtTxl..  farmer. 

C)NNeo, 

320 

13 

riiMT 

l)ii|Nint. 

so 

2(t 

C4irconin. 

so 

23 

IC>au.  Klim.  farmer. 

Corconui, 

80 

23 

(1    , ,,. 

SO 

24 

liUI. 

SO 

2.1 

Ib-lkp.  *  Miif,  tanitet. 

( iiri-orjin. 

.'HI 

8 

•-■               '   '  •■   fanner. 

(►mwo. 

100 

1 

1.  fanner. 

(Vinvintii. 

IIUI 

7 

<    ir.^niii. 

III 

{• 

1  ••M.inin. 

Ml 

12 

•miiUIi.  I...  fanner. 

Ohmmi, 

Ml 

12 

(tvsi... 

l.Vl 

13 

.1  T 

1  1'     in. 

IIUI 

13 

I  •  ,  lannii 

r.in. 

40 

10 

1       ■    ■r:m. 

8(1 

17 

- 

11.  i.IIUI. 

Ml 

17 

'it. 

Ml 

IH 

.  111. 

UHI 

20 

Urmer. 

Coir/iran, 

inn 

SH 

1    ,.,  ,,r..ui. 

120 

2(t 

1'  -  111. 

•'.2 

20 

Mthiii.  1, ,  fai' 

Ml 

12 

1.  .         I  -,    .          IV           ' 

12(1 

1 

■tan. 

IWI 

20 

Unke,  Carl,  farmer. 
\Vel>cr.  .Jacob,  farmer, 
WanIi<k.,Ioliii.fanner, 
Williams  T.,  farmer, 
Wier.  Susanna.  " 
Weinand.  I'.,  fanner. 
Weslplial.  .\..  farmer, 
Weir.  M..  farmer, 
Welier,  C,  farmer, 
Webb.  v..  farmer. 
Welk.  W..  farmer, 
Wetnetz.  L.,  farmer, 
Weise.  Clias.,  farmer, 
Weinard,  Mat.,  farmer, 
Weber.  .Julni.  farmer, 


p.  o. 

Osseo, 

Osseo, 

C-orcoran, 

Corcoran, 

Corcoran, 

Corcoran, 

Dupont, 

Corcoran 

Corcoran, 

Corcoran, 

Corcoran, 

Corcoian, 

Corcoran, 

Corcoran, 

Osseo, 


A. 

80 

160 

160 

160 

120 

80 

120 

80 

80 

80 

160 

.40 

40 

140 

80 


CRYSTAL    LAKK. 

Ackerman.T5.,  farmer.  Jlinneapolis.  120 

Hrowii.  W..  farmer,        Sliingle  Creek,  80 

Uartlelt,  M.  &  L.  L.,  fi-s,Minneapolis,  70 

Haunigartner,  F.  S.,  fr.. Minneapolis,  100 

Uaner.  I'eter,  farmer,    ISIinneapolis,  38 

Hehmeii.  M..  fa.iner,     Minneapolis,  11-5 

lioli.'inon.  .1.  C,  farmer,  Sliingle  Creek,  102 

llrimliall,  G.  S.,  frmer,  Minneapolis,  200 

Hohanon,  C.  II.,  finer.  Shingle  Creek,  25 
Houghton,  II.  ll.,mirr.  Shingle  Creek, 

Haker,  .1.,  farmer,         Minneapolis,  80 

Itaker.  M.,  farmer,         Minneapolis,  38 

nalcli,  I).  S..  fanner      Minneapolis,  lots, 

Hurgess.  C.  farmer,      Minneapolis,  lots. 
Muck,  II.,  hnnberman,  Minneapolis,    17  lots, 

Mrookiiis,  ti.  W.,  far.,   Minneapolis,  78 

Culpitt.  S..  farmer,         Minneapolis,  40 

CraiKlall.  I).,  fanner.     Minneapolis,  80 

CooiKT,  S.  J.,  farmer,    Minneapolis,  40 

Caiiilibell.  W.,iiicrcirt,  Shingle  Creek,  2 

Clark.  A.  T..  fanner.     Minneapolis,  80 

liiitton..loHiali.  fanner,  Crj'stal  Lake,  1 10 

I  ►owns.  Lntlier.  farmer.  Minneapolis.  S2 

l>o\v,.I.  W..  f.irmer,       SliingleCreek,  171 

Diiiialdsoii.  .1.  II..  far.,  .Minneapolis,  l.'t 

KllNWorlli.  I).,  farmer,  Shingle  Creek,  (il 

Kurcy.  Tlioniiw.  far.,    Minneapolis,  .so 

FHriiliaiii.  H.,  farmer,    SliingleCreek,  100 

Kanihaiij,  II.  ,M.,  far.,     Shingle  Creek.  20 

K<H-(faii,  .\iiiiii,  farmer,  Minneapolis.  I  In 

(iielMMiliain.d.,  farmer.  Minneapolis,  270 

(JililiK,  L.  W.,  fanner,  Miuueaiiolis  30 


s. 

11 

1 

5 

9 

17 

17 

17 

18 

18 

5 

33 

36 

16 

7 

1 


1 

.5 

7 

7 

8 

4 

6 

4 

3 

18 

18 

9 

9 

10 

.7 

5 

0 
10 
4 
0 
.5 
6 

4 

12 

10 

4 
4 

17 
4 
U 


TOWNSHIP  BIRECTOBIES. 


675 


P.  O. 
Griswold,  A.  A.,  far.     Minneapolis, 
Gearty,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Gates,  S.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Gibbs,  D.  L.,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Gillespie,  Jas.,  farmer,  Shingle  Creek, 
Gcetze, Rudolph,    "      Shingle  Creek, 
Gillespie,  Z.,  farmer,    Shingle  Creek, 
Hommes,  B.,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Hopper, M.  D.,  gardn'r.  Shingle  Creek, 
Hopper,  S.D.,      "        Shingle  Creek, 
Holway,  F.  L.,  farmer.  Shingle  Creek, 
Hynes,  P.,  farmer.        Shingle  Creek, 
Hasty, E. H.,bricky"d, Shingle  Creek, 
Hooper,  Jno.,gard"n'r,  Minneapolis, 
Harvey,  K.  E.,  Shingle  Creek, 

Howland,  D.,  farmer,   Minneapolis, 
Hopper,  M.R.,gardnr,  Shingle  Creek, 
Jones,  D.  W.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Johnson,  J.  B.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Johnson,  W.  H.,    "      Mmneapolis, 
Kuch,  Phillip,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Kranz,  F.,  farmer,        Minneapolis, 
Kirkwood,  T.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Knight,  Wm.,  farmer,  Shingle  Creek, 
Kniglit,  J.,  farmer,        Shingle  Creek, 
Kesler,  J.,  gardener,     Minneapolis, 
Kees,  Jacob,  farmer;    Minneapolis, 
Kirkwood,  E.  T.,   "      Minneapolis, 
Lane,  H.  F.,  farmer.     Shingle  Creek, 
Lihby,  Fred.,  farmer,    Brooklyn  Centre, 
Lane,  F.  S.,  farmer,      Minneapolis, 
Merritt,  Gilbert,  "         Minneapolis, 
McCausland,E.,  "         Minneapolis, 
McKnight,W.G.  "         Minneapolis, 
McCaasland,C.r."         Minneapolis, 
Martin,  Pat.,  farmer.    Shingle  Creek, 
Monison,  S.  D.,  brick  yard. 

Shingle  Creek, 
Medcalf ,AV.R.,  gardner,Shingle  Creek, 
Murch,  M.,  farmer,       Shingle  Creek, 
Morgan,  "V7.,  miller.      Shingle  Creek, 
Morgan,T., blacksmith,  Sliingle  Creek, 
Mooney,  Peter,  fanner,  Minneapolis, 
Miller,  John,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Malbon,  D.  R.,      "         Minneapolis, 
Malbon,  J.  S.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Martin,  Pat.,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Mosher,  D.,  gardner,    Brooklyn  Centre, 


A. 

62 

200 

160 

80 

80 

4 

108 

■50 

16 

19 

48 

21 

29 

74 

67 

160 

16 

71 

150 

120 

200 

120 

80 

66 

14 

60 

120 

80 

40 

20 

40 

300 

160 


lae 

43 

15 

25 

24 

15 

60 

50 

100 

15 

136 

119 


s. 

5 

7 

8 

6 
12 

3 
12 

8 
11 
11 
11 
11 
12 

4 

4 
19 
11 

9 
21 
17 

8 
17 

9 
10 
10 
12 
20 

9 


5 

5 

21 

9 
10 

12 
12 
3 
3 
3 
7 
9 
5 
6 
10 
3 


P.  O. 
Morrison,  Francis,  lumberman, 

Minneapolis, 
Xash,  J.  E.,  dairyman,  Minneapolis, 
Neison,  M.,  hotel,  Minneapolis, 

Oleson,  John,  farmer.  Shingle  Creek, 
Ohmen,K..  farmer,       Minneapolis, 
Oswald,  H.,  miller,       Shingle  Creek, 
Perkins,  Nancy,  Shinge  Creek, 

Parker,  xVlfi'ed,  farmer,  Shingle  Creek, 
Parker,  E.  F.  farmer,    Shingle  Creek, 
Palmer,  E.,  farmer,       Minneapolis, 
Perkins,  E.  A.,  butch'r,  ^Minneapolis, 
Phipps,  Thos.,  farmer,  Brooklyn  Centre, 
Partridge,  T.,  Shingle  Creek, 

Reidhead,  P.W.,  f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Reichert,Chas.,  fmer,  Minneapolis, 
Reichert,  M.,  farmer,  jSlinneapolis, 
Rinensburg,  E.,  f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Ryan,  Michael,  f'mer,  Shingle  Creek, 
Roskop,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Roggerman,  L., f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Roth,  LaSalle,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Russ,  J.  B.,  farmer;  Minneapolis, 
Reeves,  V.,  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Scliuller,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Schaffer,  John,  farmer,  Mmneapolis, 
Swanson,  C,  farmer,  Shingle  Creek, 
Sanboni,  C.  H.,  f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Sanborn,  J.  A.,  f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Shoop,  A.  D.,  Shingle  Creek, 

Shumway,  J.  P.,  f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Stillman,  H.R.,  f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Smith,  H.  K.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Schuller,  Peter,  f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Spurzem,  Peter,  f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Smith,  AUce,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Taylor,  B.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Tombers,  JT.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Tbaxter,  B.  R.  J.,  carpenter, 

Minneapolis, 
Turner,  H.  G.,  lumberman, 

Minneapolis, 
Taylor,  A.  B.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Wentworth,  E.  S.,far'r,  Minneapolis, 
White,  J.  H.,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Wolf,  A.,  hotel,  Minneapolis, 

Wagner,  L.,  farmer,  ilinneapolis, 
Witt,  C,  stock  dealer,  Minneapolis, 
Walls,  G.,  mechanic,     Minneapolis, 


40 

10 

40 

5 

23 

7 

100 

11 

140 

20 

17 

3 

93 

1 

110 

6 

110 

6 

120 

6 

5 

10 

30 

■> 

10 

12 

80 

1 

80 

7 

40 

18 

90 

9 

120 

10 

80 

18 

120 

19 

83 

21 

8 

5 

11 

10 

102 

7 

160 

9 

15 

o 

108 

5 

60 

15 

11 

70 

6 

105 

16 

80 

17 

240 

18 

SO 

20 

121 

7 

40 

.7 

40 

18 

10     14 


lots 

9 

56 

1 

145 

3 

40 

5 

5 

6 

163 

9 

9 

10 

6 

10 

e7« 


insTonr  of  nE.\yEriN  couyTY. 


Yoankrr. 

C.  fmrmrr 
..  tnrmtrf. 

r.  o. 
Mtniinipniift, 
Minnni|ioliK. 

1 


III 'tiilf«u.  S..  UroiiT.  Imyton. 

!  ■    ■   '  -    'ninHT.  I»«yt<iii. 

I  I)n>ti>n. 

lii)->j    i      i.tniMt.  ('Iiani|>lin, 

l'...iri.  m.  I...  lamwT.  Onwo. 

I.  i>autt.  I...  fUmrr.  0««ro. 

1  ■  ■■         "ill. 


lUlcliir.  I'..  Itt-mrT. 


CliamtiliB. 
I  ('li:ilii|>tili. 

('Iiiiiii|>llti. 

.„ ■  irliant, 

Dayton. 

Itovrr*.  Mr*.  NitJiciUm.  famiiT. 

l)a>tiin. 

K.  1.  fmrmiT,       CliHrnpliii. 

•   '       'alKin-r,  l>a>l'iii. 

'  r.  I>M>lim. 

inf.  Ma|il'-  (imvt', 

.itlHT.       l*B>lon, 

'.<tuuil,l>ayUm, 

I  .nivc. 
Italmcidi.  Mm.  Wm..  (mrmrT, 

Maplr  (Jmvp, 
>iimnA.  v..  tuvam,      l>N>t<iir 
'.<4inrr,  II  .   ■         l>;> 

'•■■'•1.  J..     '  I»:i> 

(annrr       I  •;< 

■II. 

in. 

•mit.     (ti«m|itln, 


80 

19  1 

127 

4 

I«I 

9 

1S.S 

9 

124 

9 

N9 

7 

HO 

0 

no 

20 

411 

SO 

07 

29 

20 

20 

*27 

6 

40 

28 

1.12 

27 

110 

20 

Vill:iS<- 

ots 

\'illaK<' 

ots 

2R0 

20 

100 

11 

X'illap-  lots 

KO 

10 

imi 

31 

lOM 

10 

21 

Vil1atr«' 

liiUs 

I.tH 

.•to 

70 

.Vi 

KN 

H 

4.W 

17 

40 

10 

2a4 

10 

Ml 

I« 

Ml 

2» 

no 

22 

t  KW'iri 


iHl.i 


fatmni,  Ii;< 


100     21 

100     HO 

07     28 

40    2H 

HO     27 

Wt     «2 

Ml    M'i 

Vill«((<>  IlltM. 

40     10 


P.  O. 

Engel,  X.,  shoemaker,  Dayton. 
Kvans.  E..  postmaster 

and  farmer,  Maple  Grove, 

(iuiinoiU.  ("..  fanner.    Dayton, 
(iuiinont.  K.,  farmer,    Dayton, 
(iniraont.  A.,  farmer,    Dayton, 
(inimont.  K.,  fanner,     Dayton, 
(iodin,  I'aul.  farmer,     Dayton, 
(Jamarlie.  F.,  farmer,    Dayton, 
(Jenennix.  A.,  farmer,   Cliamplin, 
(ireenwood.  E.,    "        Majile  (Jrove, 
(ireenwald.  F.,      "        Maple  Grove, 
Gnimont,  L.,  farmer,     Dayton, 
Gelinas.  A.,  farmer.      Osseo, 
(ierN'ais.  I.,  farmer.        Osseo, 
Genais.  U.,  farmer.      Maple  Grove, 
Guia,  L..  lime  burner,  Dayton, 
(iay.  William,  farmer.  Clianipliii, 
(;eiicri'iix.  A.,  farmer.  Clianiiilin, 
lliiiiliiit.  ami  Son,  millers, 

Dayton, 
limit.  Tiiiiotliy.  .Jr..  fanner. 

<"liami)liii, 
limit,  Itolit.,  farmer,  Cliami)lin, 
Iloslie.  Martin,  farmer,  Cliamplin, 
Ilnnt.  I'atrick.  farmer.  Cliamplin, 
Hunt.  Tiniolliy.  Sr..  farmer, 

Cliamplin, 
.Tiiillcit.. I iilian. farmer.  Dayton. 
.liiliiison..l.\V..  farmer.  Cliamplin, 
Klinliall,  A.  C,  farmer,  Dayton, 
Kniiier,  .lolin,  farmer,  Cliamplin, 
Kiml.all..\Irs.  M.  S..  "    Dayton, 
Kimball.  A.  S..  "    Dayton, 

l<aCroix ,  .1  nles,  fanner,  1  Jay  ton , 
l>elin,  MatliiaH,  farmer,  Dayton, 
lyelm,  .Mrs.  IC,  farmer.  Cliaiiipliii, 
lAlnaii,  'I'lios.,  farmer,  Cliam]iliii, 
I.av»lle<'.  \V..  fanner,    Ma))le  (Jrove, 
I.avallee.  Dan.,  fanner.  Osseo, 
l.avalli-e.  1 'eter. fanner,  ()s.seo, 
l.:i.ssiinl.  l..<-jinder,     "   Cliamplin, 
l..eKer,  M..  farmer  and  carpenter, 

Clianiiilin, 
Lavallee.  Iteiij., fanner,  Dayton, 
l^iliiKsonier,  G.,        "    Maple  (Jrove, 
l..allin,  K.  <r.,  fanner,    Maple  Grove, 
Ix'wi.f,  A.,  lalKirer,        Dayton, 
l<:ivulle,  D.,  farmer,      (Jsseo, 


33 

31 

14(1 

9 

80 

9 

102 

7 

214 

5 

14fi 

.5 

72 

6 

80 

21 

110 

30 

40 

31 

70 

5 

76 

29 

80 

33 

41 

31 

vil.  lots 

80 

1-5 

80 

21 

80 

22 

80 

OO 

80 

2(i 

44 

23 

30 

23 

80 

7 

279 

14 

61 

4 

80 

3.5 

92 

7 

nil 

4 

s 

417 

20 

40 

1.5 

80 

22 

43 

30 

100 

29 

80 

29 

80 

28 

80 

27 

40 

5 

40 

33 

100 

32 

village  1 

)tS. 

72 

29 

TOWNSHIP  DIBECTOBIES. 


p.  o, 
Lewis,  Geo.,  laborer,    Dayton, 
Lassard,  Louis,  farmer,  Osseo, 
Mayer,  Clias.,  teacher,  Dayton. 
McNeill,  Neil,  farmer,  Dayton, 
Morin,  G.  E.,  farmer,   Dayton, 
Moore,  Tbos.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Murphy,  John,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Maney,  J.,  farmer,        Champlin, 
Morrisette,  G.,  farmer,  Osseo, 
Martin,  H.,  farmer,      Osseo, 
Mclntire,  D.,  farmer,   Champlin, 
McLean,  W.,  teamster,  Dayton, 
Nolan,  M.,  farmer,        Champlin, 
Normandin,N.,farmer,  Maple  Grove, 
Normandin,  Leon,  "    Osseo, 
Plant,  C,  farmer,         Dayton, 
Perreault,  J.,  farmer,   Dayton, 
Paul,  N.,  Osseo, 

Paul,  Joseph,  farmer,   Osseo, 
Paul,  Charles,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Powers,  Thos.,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Plant,  L.,  farmer,         Maple  Grove, 
Putrean,  \Vm.,  farmer,  Dayton, 
Pelese,  Peter,  farmer,  Champlin, 
Perreusse,Jos.,    "        Osseo, 
Richards,  J.  O.,    "        Dayton, 
Richardson,  W.,  "        Champlin, 
Raridon,  J.,  farmer,     Champlin, 
Roe,  A.  J.,  farmer,       Champlin, 
Robinson,  E.  IL,  merchant, 

Dayton. 
Sharver,  S.  farmer,       Dayton, 
Sherver,  V.  farmer,      Dayton, 
Strottner,  A.  farmer,    Cliamplin, 
Stahlberg,  Chas.     "      Champlin, 
Stahlberg,  Chris.    "      Champlm, 
Smith,  n.  farmer,         Champlin, 
Schermerhorn,  R.  cooper, 

Dayton, 
Slater,  Geo.  hotel,         Dayton, 
Simpson,  N.  farmer,      Osseo, 
Taylor,  M.  F.  farmer,   Champlin, 
Twombley,  A.  Jr.  "       Osseo, 
Twombley,  A.  farmer,   Osseo, 
Vernaulk,  R.  farmer,    Dayton, 
'\''erbonnier,  E.  f'mer,   Osseo, 
Vasser,  Jos.  butcher,    Dayton, 
Venette,  D.  butcher,     Dayton, 
Wellman,  J.  B.  f'mer,  Dayton, 


A. 

s. 

village  lots. 

80 

34 

149 

6 

90 

6 

120 

15 

120 

22 

80 

21 

94 

30 

40 

33 

160 

27 

vil. 

lots 

150 

11 

52 

32 

80 

28 

80 

8 

53 

7 

57 

29 

40 

27 

79 

26 

253 

34 

40 

31 

40 

5 

116 

26 

80 

28 

21 

18 

86 

14 

80 

22 

240 

34 

60 

17 

80 

16 

40 

21 

40 

27 

80 

27 

40 

35 

vil. 

lots 

vil. 

lots 

120 

33 

240 

16 

106 

19 

80 

33 

20 

9 

40 

28 

vil. 

lots 

vil. 

lots 

96 

18 

p.  o. 
"Wliite,  August,  f'mer,  Champlin, 
Wild,  Samuel,  farmer,  Osseo, 

EDEN   PRAIRIE. 

Anderson,  James,  far.,  Eden  Prairie, 
Anderson,  Wm.  far.,     Eden  Prairie, 
Anderson,  Arch.  far.     Eden  Prairie, 
Anderson,  Robert,  far.  Eden  Prairie, 
Anderson,  Samuel,  far.  Eden  Prairie, 
Anderson,  J.  H.  far.      'VVashburn, 
Biyant,  William,  far.     Minneapolis, 
Boyington,  Ira,  far.       Washburn, 
Brum,  Wm.  farmer,      Eden  Prairie, 
Bahne,  Joseph,  miller,  Eden  Prairie, 
Brown,  G.  H.  farmer,  Eden  Prairie, 
Brown,  Nathaniel,  far.  Kden  Prairie, 
Brown,  J.  A.  farmer,   Eden  Prairie, 
Brewis,  R.  farmer,        Eden  Prairie, 
Cavanaugh,  J,  farmer,  Shakopee, 
Collins,  Wm.  farmer,     Washburn, 
Cornwell,  George,  far.   Eden  Prairie, 
Clay,  M.  J.  farmer,       Eden  Prairie, 
Clark,  James,  farmer,    Eden  Prairie, 
Cummins,  J.  R.  far.       Washburn, 
Clark,  James,  Sr.  far.  Eden  Prairie, 
Donlon,  John,  farmer,  Washburn, 
Delashaw,  J.  farmer,     Washburn, 
Frederichs,  J.  W.  far. 
Frank,  S.  farmer, 
Feldmann,  F.  farmer, 
Furgason,  A.  farmer. 
Gamble,  James,  far. 
Gould,  Aaron,  farmer,  Washburn, 
Goodrich,  J.  C.  far.       Eden  Prairie, 
Geisler,  Frank,  farmer,Washl)urn, 
Gibbs,  G.  N.  farmer,     Washburn, 
Glenn,  A.  farmer, 
Holasek  Jos.  farmer, 
llulbert,  W.  F.  '' 
Hill,  John,  farmer, 
Ilankins,  G.  V.  " 
Ilankins,  A.  B.  " 
Jarrett,  W.  J.  farmer,  Washburn, 
Kuchera,  J.  F.  farmer,  Washburn, 
Kurtz,  Anton,  farmer,  Wasliburn 
Klinglehoats,  T.    " 
Kruger,  A.  farmer, 
Kempton,  G.  R.  " 


Washburn, 
Washburn, 
Shakopee, 
Eden  Prairie, 
Eden  Prairie, 


Eden  Prairie, 
Hopkins, 
Waslibiun, 
Eden  Praii'ie, 
Eden  Prairie, 
Eden  Prairie, 


Washl)urn, 
Washburn, 
Washburn, 


A.  S. 
50  27 
95  35 


687  14 

187  14 

230  14 

195  24 

80  36 

78  16 

139.V  1 

40  15 

160  22 

10 

200  26 

108V  27 

163  35 
24 

152  19 

80  21 

150  24 

80  25 

160  25 

320  27 

40  36 


80 
100 

228 


40  18 

216  30 

40  32 

160  14 

220  20 

160  28 

142  30 

40  20 

80  25 

382  .2 

200  8 

133  36 


Kopetzy,  Jos.  farmer,  Hopkins, 


40 

320 

135 

160 
80  18 
60  29 
40  29 
40   1 


23 

23 

8 

4 

4 


0-K 


Hisjruiy  OF  HE\yEPJN  county. 


i  .  .-. 

.\. 

-. 

Ki>t>pUkiJ<>iiii.fiinn(T.  Hopkins. 

UO 

1 

KorlKTu.  J«ni.  famur. 

\\ 

i;u 

•"> 

Kuc-licni.  J.  Jr.    " 

Wahliliiini. 

,MI 

1 

lAum. 

Ww.  famuT. 

S 

1^1 

II<'|>kiiis. 

llill 

i:; 

l.i: 

..1. 

\\  jfliliiini. 

IJd 

111 

l>n»«i-ll 

.  II.  K. 

\Vll^lll>ll|-|l. 

KNI 

l-MI 

ljiHj\t<-r.  K  ' 

l",<lcn  I'rairic. 

m.s 

:;i 

Uiiili. 

«.   T 

I'.<lcii  I'rairic. 

;«)(i 

H.j 

M«TB''li«>  .1    II  l.iiiiii  1 . 

Wiixliliiini. 

S3 

(( 

Motiiui 

.  r.  (anuir. 

K\<<Kiiir, 

lit4 

6 

Moiwi 

J<4iti.  fanniT. 

WiLolilinni. 

Ml 

7 

A.  W..    " 

Wasliliiini. 
^Va^lll■ll^l. 

•JKl 

7(1 

l.'i 

S..  fanm-r. 

17 

Mtllrr. 

Fnol.  famMT. 

\Va^llllIml. 

i:<) 

17 

Mornn 

»..     f.-|T7t;.-T 

W:islit>iini. 

1.->K 

IK 

Mw-'u 

J        (;. 

\V:i>liliiini. 

y.H 

18 

M. 

I'rairij-. 

Wl 

21 

M  ' 

1. .  :i  I'rairic. 

l.M 

22 

MltrlM 

II.  Alcx.fann<>r.  Wahliliiirn. 

120 

20 

faiiiHT 

F>lcii  rraiiic. 

IMS 

23 

A  T..  •■ 

WaAliliiini. 

IWl 

0 

iMfTfi'M.  Ilra.farni«-r 

K<h'ti  I'niiric. 

IIUI 

30 

ri'- 

•   ■       '     •  .r. 

W.isliliimi. 

.W 

5 

I*. 

Washlinni. 

M\ 

.5 

Illtuil. 

\  .,  taiiiMT. 

U'axliliiirii. 

KM 

a 

I'BitK-. 

W.  11..  fanner. 

Wiihliliiirii. 

•_'(KI 

10 

1 'ill  IK'. 

Joiiii  A.,  (armcr.  Wahlilmni. 

IIT 

.».! 

I'h 

1 

'lie. 

•|.» 

!•». 

'1. 

Wl 

7 

liMiklli.  J..  fMinrr. 

WiuOilitini. 

IKII 

17 

H." 

'•  ■-    ' 

;tjo 

lit 

K: 

IIMI 

11) 

lUvlirt 

.  Vt    II    laiiiKi 

U  loiiliiini. 

in:t 

21 

ll>trn'i 

.  4..   UlllMT. 

Waiklilinni. 

40 

211 

ItrWiuiMl.  I».,  (aimer. 

SliNkii|Ny. 

(i;< 

HO 

I   .  faniH-i 

ii«-. 

A4H 

34 

y,     ■• 

IHI 

20 

>  .lannrr 

.  K<li-n  i'lHlrtf. 

»4ll 

21 

■N.  1  11,. 

;•!.         .1      ■ 

IT'J 

Ml 

3 

MmiIii 

It     ■>      II 

7 

hl»r\. 

W      II     latllMI. 

\V  aKlilMim. 

J40 

(t 

fM.-..w 

...     \»      ( . 

}  .1.  ..  i..  ...., 

LtKI 

15 

hi. 

in:> 

1MI 

26 

2H 

uH«>, 

40 

30 

l'i»irif. 

27 

^ 

'. 

Mt 

n 

hi. 

•1. 

DHI 

17 

Excelsior, 

18 

24 

Excelsior, 

90 

33 

Excelsior. 

30 

Excelsior, 

70 

23 

Excelsior, 

30 

26 

Excelsior. 

Excelsior. 

60 

38 

Excelsior. 

120 

32 

Excelsior, 

140 

34 

Excelsior, 

16 

35 

r.  o. 
StariiiR.  M.  S.  farmer.   AVashbiirn. 
Tiickey.  E.  A.  farmer,  Eden  Prairie, 
Turkey.  Henry.    "        Eden  Prairie, 
Tirrell.  C.  B.  farmer,     Eden  Prairie. 
A\'iilf.  .Jacob,  farmer,     Eden  Prairie, 

KXCELSIOK. 

An.slin,  ]>.  A.  farmer, 
Appar,  A.  E.  farmer, 
Avery,  (i.  W.boat  buildei 
Hingliam.  A.  M.  farmer. 
J{«»nnett,  E.  E.  farmer, 
llickford.  A.  boat  Iniihler 
Ho.st.  T.  fanner. 
Habcock.  E.  A.  farmer. 
Ik-eman,  K.  P.  farmer, 
Iloiijoiir,  A.  nurseryman, 
llenneU.  M.  P.  blacksniitli 

and  wagon-maker,  Excelsior. 
lleers,  II.  II.,  U.  S. mail agt.  Excelsior. 
Iturcb.  II.  I),  teacher,  Excelsior, 

llickford,  Mrs.  K.  farming.  Excelsior. 
Conlell,  Simon,  farmer,  Excelsior, 
Omnor.  I),  hotel, 
("lark.  .1.  II.  merchant, 
("arson.  E.  retired, 
Day,  ({.  E.  farmer, 
l)e(;roodt,  P.  S.  proprietor 

I)e(inH)dt  House,  Excelsior. 
Dennis.  O.  II.  niasnii.  Excelsior, 

Dittfach.  1".  niillcr.  Excelsior. 

Elwood.  .lohn.  farmer.  Excelsior. 

Kddy.  11.  1{.  farmer.  Excelsior. 

Emphiger.  V.  .1.  farmer,  Excelsior. 
Eerguson.'Wn).  II.  farmer,  Excelsior. 
Fltcli.<;.  Engineer,  Excelsior. 

(iibs<in,  Cliarles,  retired.  Way/.ata. 
(tiMid.  1{.  farmer,  E.xcelsior, 

(Jillln.  H.  1.  farmer,  Excelsior, 

(tideon.l*.  .M.  fniil  grower,  Excelsior, 
(iifTord,  E.  D.  farmer.  Excelsior, 

(iifford.  .1.  S.  farmer.  Excelsior, 

(ioiiUI.  !•".  (J.  nui-seryman.  Excelsior. 
(JhU'h.  ().  S.  lioal  and  livery,  Exi'elsi<ir. 
(iiHlley.  P.  (i.  merchant.  Excelsior. 
(iiiU-s  and  Diinlap.  boats,  Excelsior. 
Hilton.  I...  (".  Ixiat  caulker.  Excelsior, 
llaniey.  Wm.  farmer.  Excelsior, 

lluliiiiway.  D.  fanner.  Excelsior, 


Excelsior. 
Excelsior. 
Excelsior. 
Excelsior, 


A.     s. 

40    30 

17526-7 

90  26 

300  28 
120    26 


10     34 

,■^2     26 
172     36 


40     33 


80  33 

160  32 

35 

146  23 

131  13 

80  25 

17  34 

1.50  28 

80  32 

•")()  31 
20 


95  21 
80  25 
37     28 


TOWNSHIP  DIRECTORIES. 


679 


P.  o. 
Hazleton,  F.  L.  fanner,       Excelsior, 
Howard,  Silas,  farmer,  Excelsior, 

Howard,  Simeon,  farmer,  Excelsior, 
Hoiby,  A.  blacksmith  and  wagon  maker. 

Excelsior. 
Hay,  Aug.  meat  market,  Excelsior. 
Hunt,  D.  C.  retired.  Excelsior. 

Hempfer,  C.  shoe  shop.  Excelsior. 
Harrison,  J.  J.  blacksmith.  Excelsior. 
Harrison. N.H.boat  builder,  Wayzata. 
Hazleton,  C.  J.  farmer,  Excelsior, 
Hopkins,  A.H.  mill-wright,  Excelsior. 
Halsted,  Geo.  B.  lawyer.  Excelsior. 
Jones,  Wm.  B.  merchant.  Excelsior. 
Jellison,  J.  L.  painter,  Wayzata, 
Keith,  H.  C.  carpenter,  Mmneapolis, 
Latham,  A.W.  nurseryman,  Excelsior, 
Le  Van,  W.  H.  farmer.  Excelsior, 
Latterner,  E.  R.  farmer,  Excelsior, 
Latterner,  T.  J.  farmer,  Excelsior, 
Latterner,  G.  F.  farmer.  Excelsior, 
Luce,  R.  K  clerk.  Excelsior. 

Latham,    A.   B.   manufac- 
turer of  rustic  chairs,        Excelsior. 
McLean,  3.  farmer.  Excelsior, 

McLean,  M.  R.  farmer.  Excelsior, 
Meaker,  O.  C.  farmer,  Excelsior, 

Mann,  J.  W.  farmer.  Excelsior, 

Millard,  Henry,  farmer,  Excelsior, 
Miller,  J.  F.  farmer.  Excelsior, 

Morse,  W.  B.  Excelsior. 

Maynard,  JNI.  M.  hardware 

merchant.  Excelsior. 

May,  C.    Capt.  of  "Hattie 

May,  Excelsior. 

McGrath.R.B.  contractor.  Excelsior. 
Marsh.  L.  F.  foreman.  Excelsior. 
Naab,  Martin,  farmer.  Excelsior, 
jSTewell,  E.  I),  millinery.  Excelsior. 
Prince,  C.  E.  bookkeeper  Excelsior. 
Page,  C.  H.  Pleasant  Grove  House. 

Excelsior. 
Perkins,  E.  R.  physician  and  surgeon, 
Excelsior. 
Rockwell,  Wm.  boats  and  farmer. 

Excelsior, 
Rohey,  W.  farmer.  Excelsior, 

Solberg,  O.  N.  Excelsior, 

Schroder,  Peter,  farmer,      Excelsior, 


A. 

s. 

13 

32 

52 

30 

9 

31 

^ 

32 

34 

20 

30 

40 

35 

46 

33 

40 

33 

120 

33 

40 

32 

25 

34 

93 

34 

105 

33 

135 

32 

20 

32 

120 

32 

53 

31 

33 

34 

71 

31 

12 

26 

58 

36 

.  o. 

A. 

p. 

Excelsior, 

60 

35 

Excelsior, 

50 

34 

Excelsior, 

18 

33 

Excelsior, 

111 

29 

Excelsior, 

75 

32 

80     34 


Stoddard,  F.  J.  farmer, 

Seekler,  J.  J.  farmer, 

Spaulding,  Z.  D.  farmer. 

Sampson,  W.  A.  farmer, 

Scott,  H.  E.  farmer, 

Sampson,  L.  F.  merchant  and  P.  M., 

Excelsior, 
Stephens,  G.  W.  meat  market, 

Excelsior, 
Simpson,  Wm.  proprietor  White  House, 

Excelsior. 
Sheldon,  C.  B.  clergyman,  Excelsior. 
Slater,  G.  A.  proprietor  of  Slater  House, 

Excelsior. 
Sturgess,  S.  boat  builder,  Excelsior. 
Seamans,  S.  A.  farmer,  Excelsior. 
Turner,  P.  H.  harness  maker, 

Excelsior. 
Thompson,  A.  general  store. 

Excelsior. 
Westlake,  C.  J.  retired.  Excelsior. 
Wait,  H.  F.  proprietor  of  Excelsior  House, 

Excelsior. 


GREENWOOD. 

Ayder,  Paul  E.  farmer,       Hanover,  80  2 

Ames,  Geo.  F.  farmer.         Rockford,  104  29 

Ahrens,  Lawrence,  farmer,  Rockford,  100  36 

Ames,  Mary  H.  farmer,       Rockford,  SO  29 

Bechtold,  Henry,  farmer,    Hanover,  80  1 

Bechtold,  Wm.  farmer,       Hanover,  80  2 

Bechtold,  John,  farmer,       Hanover,  80  12 

Bursch,  C.  farmer,                Dupont,  80  13 

Bigler,  Charles,  farmer,        Rockford,  36  16 

Bukosky,  John,  farmer,       Dupont,  80  24 

Bukosky,  Peter,  farmer,       Dupont,  80  24 

Bukosky,  Jacob,  farmer,      Dupont,  80  24 

Bugbee.  C.  L.  fanner,          Rockford,  120  28 

Biskey,  iVIartin.  farmer,       Rockford,  40  32 

Bowen,  H.  L.  farmer,           Rockford,  40  34 

Bowen,  E.  farmer,                Rockford.  74  34 

Bauer,  Benedict,  farmer,      Rockford,  160  26 

Biskey,  Fred,  farmer,           Rockford,  4i)  32 

Biskey ,  Martin ,  J  r.  farmer,  Rockford ,  1 7  32 

Biskey,  August,  farmer,      Rockford,  40  32 

Currier,  R.  W.  farmer,         Rockford,  160  27 

Cunningham,  John,  farmer,  Rockford,  75  28 

Conzet,  M.  farmer,               Rockford,  160  33 

Guptill,  J.  S.  farmer,            Rockford,  80  34 


ftW 


inSTOIiY  OF  IIEXXEPJN  COUNTY. 


I>n>nr«-k.  SiinMiii.  farmer. 
IKinnmii.  A.  W.  fanner. 
I>u|i<ml.  J.  A.  faniK-r. 
KlIiiMl.  a.  W.  fartiH-r. 
KluritU.  K.  W.  miller, 
(irMillnff.  II.  fanner, 
(tuptill.  J.  S.  fanner. 
(•<Hil(1.  W.  ('.  fanner. 
(Jeiil.  W.  S.  fanner. 
U»trti.  Ji>lin.  Sr.  fanner. 
Ilarff.  M.  farmer. 
II..'  fanner. 

II'  I.,  fanner. 

IMtiniRlpin.  A.  farmer. 
lla(Tl<-ii.  Cn\\.  fanner. 
IImII    \V    W.  fanner. 
Ilarcn.  John.  J.  fanner, 
lliifKen.  ('.  II.  farmer. 
IM«nrr.  T.  fanner. 
J<!  'i.  fanner. 

Ja<  .  fanner. 

Kuhitf.  AniPiKt.  farmer, 
Kii'  ■'  '.inner. 

K.  urt. 

Keiiit7    \\  ni.  fanner. 
Ka'-rlier.  Ilenrj .  fanner. 
Kalk    (all    fannir. 

Ktn 

Kubn,  Ja«p|t>i,  fanner. 

■■  ■  ,.i 

illlKl 

k"((kp.  ••"Ufrviii  fanner. 

I.triiaii.  J    (aini<-t. 

I.a'-ni>'i.  M    fatniei 

l.ir  '  iiK  I 

l> 

Lnrlefi,  M.  fanner 

I...  ^ 

I/ev 

I^Mieiic-r    |l<ti,i    (.itinei. 
M<>iii<>.  M  J    laiiiier. 
MI<MIHiit..k  \V  I.  fann-r. 
Url/nui.  Jail 

a»il       ._ iji, 

Murfihjr,  II  fanner. 

l> 

l*BUi<nKin.  T  J   fanner, 


p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

H<H-kf..nl. 

SO 

22 

H.Kkf..nl. 

Kid 

.S6 

I)ii|M)rit. 

80 

38 

|{.«kf.>ni. 

"iS 

.3.5 

H.K-kfnni. 

20 

Ko.kfonl. 

L>0(t 

10 

Hmkford. 

ISO 

.14 

H««kr.>r.l. 

SO 

28 

H<Kkf«ir.l. 

W 

.•?1 

ll.Kk(or<l. 

](>0 

10 

Hanover. 

•2\0 

10 

ItiH-kfonl. 

■A'W 

11 

Hanover. 

•M) 

11 

Hanover. 

1(10 

11 

n<H-kfor<l. 

I.-.(l 

2.3 

HiHkfor.1, 

70 

84 

|{<»rkf<inl. 

HO 

8 

H<Kkfol<l. 

lliO 

1.5 

H.K-kfonl. 

40 

a(i 

H.K'kfor.l. 

\.v.< 

27 

H<Kkfor<I. 

1S7 

.S2 

Hanover. 

KKI) 

1 

Hanover, 

l.W 

12 

Hanover. 

HO 

12 

lMi|Mint. 

SO 

18 

H.K-kfonl, 

HO 

14 

H  Hkfonl, 

80 

24 

H.Hkford. 

80 

2.". 

It'MkforU, 

80 

2.3 

Itiirkfortl. 

80 

2.5 

nii|uint. 

80 

2(1 

l*ii|Minl. 

7:. 

2(1 

Kookford, 

81 

27 

II. mover. 

110 

1 

Hanover. 

lOII 

1 

ll»iiovi-r. 

07 

H 

Hanover, 

80 

— 

Hanover. 

llH) 

24 

■-■I.I. 

1'. 

:<l 

...1. 

|o 

:i.'. 

l(<Hkfonl, 

10 

28 

|{<i<kror.l. 

HO 

27 

ICTkfonl. 

0(1 

27 

U'K-kfonl. 

80 

HH 

|{.«-kfor.l. 

-0 

81 

■  itl. 

1!(NI 

28 

■'•r. 

80 

1 

Unckfoixl, 

luu 

27 

P.  o. 

lU'icli.  (;.  farmer.  Hanover. 

l{iillierfonl.  A.  farmer.  Rockford, 

Reetz,  Charles,  farmer,  Rockford, 

Roberts.  Albert,  fanner.  Rockford. 

Roberts.  A.  J.  farniev.  Kockford, 

Settgast,  Fritz,  farmer,  Hanover, 

Sipe.  C.  farmer,  Dupont, 

SielafT.  Charles,  farmer,  Hanover, 

Schnapi)aiif.  H.  farmer,  Hanover, 

■Spit/.lase.  .lolni,  farmer,  Hanover, 

Sohauer,  J.  farmer,  Rockford, 

Scliendel.  C.  farmer.  Rockford. 

Sipe,  Kpliriara.  farmer,  Dnpont. 

Sjierry.  X.  I),  farmer,  Rockford, 

Shelley,  G.  W.  farmer,  Rockford, 

SUmky.  .John,  farmer,  Rockford, 

Tesmar.  .\iignst.  farmer,  Dupont, 

Tesmar.  .John,  farmer.  T^npont, 

\'eilhaber.  Chas.  farmer.  Ihinover, 

Weinhold.  Wm.  farmer,  Hanover, 


A.  s. 

160  12 

160  23 

120  25 


80 
157 
190 


HASSAN. 


Rarllett,  \V.  H.  farmer. 
Hurley.  Thomas,  farmer, 
Uea-swald,  E.  farmer. 
Bowers.  .Jol)ii.  farmer, 
Rarlliel.  Au(;(ist.  farmer 
Ihirscli  August,  farmer, 
ISrokhausen,  .V.  farmer, 
RilliuKs,  M.  F.  farmer, 
Corbean.  David,  fanner, 
Cowelt.  15.  farmer, 
Curtis.  R.  H.  farmer, 
Cm-tis.  S.  \V.  farmer, 
Cnrtis.  A.  fanner, 
i'lirry.  .lolni.  farmer, 
Depeaii,  W.  H.  farmer, 
Deniars.  M.  farmer, 
l>olillieiiner.  J.  farmer, 
l»emery,  \Vm.  farmer, 
Dumun,  Frank,  farmer, 
Ddffy.  I',  farmer, 
Diager.  M.  farmer, 
Dirksineier,  11.  fanner, 
Dinnan.  Win.  fanner, 
ICIitier.  H.  farmer, 
Klliott.  li.  fanner. 
Elide.  William,  farmer, 
Fox,  Miehael,  farmer, 


Dayton, 

Hassan, 

Hassan, 

Diiyton, 

Hanover, 

Hanover. 


80 
139 

80 
120 

35 

80 


ilaple  Urove,   91 


Hassan, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Hassan, 

Hassan, 

Hassan, 

Hassan, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Hanover, 

Maple  Grove, 

Dayton, 

Dayton, 

Hassan, 

Hanover, 

Dayton, 


80 
65 
80 
80 
HO 
4(1 
160 

xo 

KiO 
80 
HO 
HO 
80 

105 
60 
80 
80 
95 

200 


32 
35 

2 


159  12 

80  13 

240  14 

73  14 

92  23 

87  23 

80  24 

6  33 

80  .35 

40  36 

80  25 

80  25 

120  2 

120  16 


12 
20 
23 
24 
36 
31 
35 
19 
12 
12 
24 
19 
24 
29 
12 
14 
13 
14 
17 
17 
36 
36 
17 

20 
31 
11 


TOWNSHIP  DIBECTORIES. 


681 


Fitzgerald.  N.  farmer, 
Flyiin,  Tliomas,  farmer, 
Flynn,  James,  farmer, 
Fisher  Fred,  farmer, 
Fitzgerald,  Pat,  farmer. 
Ford,  Dennis,  farmer, 
Guiman  George,  farmer, 
Guiman,  Paul,  farmer, 
Gowell,  Samuel,  farmer, 
Gibbons,  T.  farmer, 
Ghostley,  Frank,  farmer 
(Jaul,  P.  farmer, 
Hynes,  M.  farmer, 
Ilynes,  P.  farmer, 
Hoag  Aaron,  farmer, 
Henry,  W.  B.  farmer, 
Hawkins,  Jasper,  farmer, 
Hebner,  C.  farmer, 
Ilagel,  Peter  A.  farmer, 
Hagel,  JJ^.  farmer, 
Hawkins,  H.  farmer, 
Hagel,  Peter,  farmer, 
Haeben,  Jas.  farmer, 
Isean,  George,  farmer, 
James,  F.  D.  farmer, 
Jackins,  M.  F.  farmer, 
Jackman,  Wm.  farmer, 
Koegan,  John,  farmer, 
Kerr,  Annie,  farmer, 
Klersy,  Joseph,  farmer, 
Kimball,  E.  S.  farmer, 
Kingborn,  A.  farmer, 
Kenraeluther,  J.  farmer, 
Kennedy,  James,  farmer, 
Kason,  John,  farmers, 
Knott,  E.  farmer, 
Knott,  A.  farmer, 
Lindringan,  1).,  est.,  farmer, 
Lentz,  Fred,  farmer, 
Lafy,  Patrick,  faimer, 
Martineau,  F.  farmer, 
Mulrean,  M.  farmer, 
McGinnis,  T.  farmer, 
McGiniiis,  W.  farmer, 
McDougall,  N.  farmer, 
Milless,  M.  farmer, 
Milless,  H.  farmer, 
Miller,  F.  C.  farmer, 
McGenty,  A.  farmer. 


p.  o.  A.  s. 

Hassan,  70  16 

Hassan,  160  32 

Hanover,  80  32 

Hassan,  170  19 

Dayton,  97  10 

Dayton,  204  11 

Dayton,  50  12 

Dayton,  79  11 

Hassan,  108  20 

Hanover,  90  33 

Hassan,  160  29 

Hassan,  130  26 

Dayton,  160  15 

Dayton,  160  15 

Hasson,  515  19 

Dayton,  200  24 

Hassan,  120  21 

Maple  (irove,    40  36 

Hassan,  40  26 

Hassan,  120  27 

Hassan,  84  28 

Corcoran,  160  34 

Hassan,  70  26 

Dayton,  80  26 

Dayton,  400  11 

Hassan,  80  19 

Hanover,  80  31 

Dayton,  30  14 

Hassan,  SO  19 

Hassan,  86  24 

Dayton,  160  24 

Dayton,  160  25 

Hassan,  40  26 

Hanover,  160  32 

Maple  Grove,    54  35 

JMapIe  Grove,  200  24 

Hassan,  118  24 

Dayton,  110  11 

Maple  Grove.    80  35 

Hanover,  160  33 

Dayton,  50  12 

Dayton,  80  14 

Hassan,  82  16 

Hassan,  80  15 

Hassan,  105  17 

Dayton,  80  23 

Dayton,  80  23 

Dayton,  80  24 

Hassan,  40  27 


McHugo,  M.  farmer, 
Mackey,  M.  farmer. 
Madden,  Phil,  farmer, 
Mullrun,  Mat.  farmer. 
Noon,  Grace,  farmer, 
Nellis,  J.  farmer, 
Noth,  Henry,  farmer, 
Parceno,  Wm.  farmer, 
Parslow,  S.  farmer, 
Parslow,  C.  J.  farmer, 
Quinn,  Thomas,  farmer, 
Rogers,  Tliomas,  farmer, 
Russell,  John,  farmer. 
Sharper,  David,  farmer. 
Sharper,  George,  farmer, 
Stenglein,  A.  farmer, 
Stenglein,  John,  farmer. 
Shelley,  John,  farmer. 
Sharper,  Felix,  farmer. 
Tucker,  Charles,  farmer. 
Tucker.  John,  farmer. 
Temple,  Andrew,  farmer, 
Unke,  Wm.  farmer, 
Verrette,  D.  farmer. 
Ward,  Patrick,  farmer, 
Wiggin,  E.  S.  farmer, 
Wiggin,  J.  B.  farmer, 
Whiteford,  G.  farmer, 
Weber,  J.  farmer. 


Astrope,  T.  farmer, 
Astrope,  11.  farmer, 
Alger,  W.  C.  farmer, 
Alger,  Enos,  fanner, 
Archibald,  T.  farmer, 
Anderson,  A.  farmer, 
Burns,  G.  C.  farmer, 
Bisclie,  M.  farmer, 
Broderick,  P.  farmer, 
Batdorf,  John,  farmer, 
Becker,  A.  M.  farmer, 
Berry.  L.  farmer, 
Beal,  Jacob,  farmer. 
Berry,  Albert,  farmer, 
Bryant,  Jacob,  farmer, 
Burnett,  E.  D.  farmer, 
Briley,  W.  blacksmith, 
Baker,  H.  farmer, 


p.  0. 

A. 

.s. 

Hassan, 

80 

28 

Corcoran, 

240 

81 

Corcoran, 

80 

33 

Dayton, 

80 

14 

Hassan, 

110 

20 

Maple  Grove 

.   39 

26 

Maple  Grove 

37J 

36 

Hassan, 

73 

16 

Has.san, 

95 

21 

Hassan, 

97 

21 

Hassan, 

80 

22 

Dayton, 

190 

41 

Maple  Grove 

120 

35 

Dayton, 

80 

14 

Dayton, 

80 

14 

Maple  Grove 

160 

25 

Maple  Grove, 

180 

26 

Hassan, 

104 

29 

Corcoran, 

160 

35 

Hassan, 

200 

'70 

Hassan. 

244 

28 

Maple  Grove 

120 

36 

Maple  Grove 

80 

35 

Dayton, 

80 

12 

Dayton, 

127 

11 

Hassan, 

120 

16 

Hassan, 

38 

21 

Hasson, 

50 

21 

Hassan, 

80 

27 

3KCE. 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

4 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

4 

Rockford, 

80 

4 

ilajile  Plain, 

80 

9 

Maple  Plain. 

80 

22 

Maple  Plain, 

40 

36 

Delano, 

80 

4 

Rockford, 

40 

6 

Delano, 

160 

8 

Maple  Plain, 

160 

10 

Maple  Plain, 

150 

11 

Delano, 

67 

19 

Maple  Plain, 

40 

29 

Delano, 

75 

19 

Delano, 

164 

31 

Maple  Plain, 

214 

23 

Maple  Plain. 

Jilaple  Plain, 

40 

24 

AtC 


jiistohy  of  HEyyEPiN  count): 


llradford.  K.  J.  fannrr. 

It.  •     • 

II 

ltu<l<l.  li    I     I;ifiii<T. 

II.T   '    •'     "     •  <T. 

II  .r. 

It 

If 

llrrg.  IVIi-r.  f«nmr 

|U  ■   •       ■       .<;. 

W  ■>. 

nuquniui.  <  >  r, 

<    ■'•'-•II. «  ,  t.  ,.. ,. 

i.d.  \y  XI.  iiotH. 
«  ■ 

4,  A.  fumn-. 

■T. 


« 

t' 

Win.  fani 


■'•r. 

rri, 

•t. 
K  fannrr. 


all.    ^t      (Hltlll-t 


'■•I. 


(•fulfil    M   f II mini, 

llal        \      II     l.iiiiK-f, 

II  v.faniMV. 

II 

II 

II  '  taniirf. 

llii'iiMi,    "       nil  fantxi 

|||Kt<«l    J    fAITlirr. 
llllMTiati   1'    fainirr. 
Haiti V  W   fmmrt. 
ilMi'inirUil).  II   faiitM-i. 


r.  o. 

Mh|>Ic  riHin. 
M:i|>Ii-  riaiii. 
Mugili-  i'lain. 
Miipli-  riain. 
Miipli-  riiiiii. 
Ma|it<-  I'Inin. 

li-  I'lain. 

<!•  I'lain. 
Maple  I'lain. 
Maple  I'lain. 
.Maple  I'lain. 
lltK'kfiinl. 
Ih-lanii. 
Maple  I'lain, 

•  I'lain. 
,  •  I'lain. 
Maple  I'lain. 
Maple  I'lain. 
I  telani). 
I>elanii. 
Maple  I'lain. 
Maple  I'lain, 

>   I'lain. 

,  .   I'lain. 

Maple  I'lain. 

■     1.   I'lain. 

Maple  I'lain. 
I  lelaiKi. 
I  •elano. 
Maple  I'lain. 
|{<M-k(iiMt, 
Itorkfuril. 

•■  I'lain. 

mil. 
Maple  I'Inin. 
iM'l.li. 

H.Ml    !  1 

I  Hani  I . 
l>el.. 


A.  8. 

50  84 

I.W  .H4 

IHO  S) 


iL'tt 


•2<i 


80  30 

I'.M  27 

40  :w 

fid  27 

4(1  2H 

I  no  :a 


Nl 
StUI 


vil.  lots. 


Ml 
12(1 


4(1 
4(1 


\i:^ 


Zo 


41 
(Ml 
.50    2.5 
Ml 
274 


251 
17 
Ml    :« 


100     IK 


»(i 

10 


(Ul 

40 

2(1  7 

Ml  IS 

Ml  is 

4H  2 

10  » 

40  10 
IS 

2.'i 

72  7 

S2  II 

Ml  mi 

124  M 


iin. 

Maple  I'lain, 

HO 

U, 

.In. 

HO 

21 

iin. 

KHI 

iio 

>>M. 

Ml 

21 

40 

21 

Maple  I'lain. 

72 

»'i 

V.  o. 

IIiiisiiiRtdii.  (ieo.  farmer,  Majile  I'lain. 

Ilaistad.  And.  farmer.  Maple  I'lain. 

llillstroni.  .John,  farmer,  Maple  Plain, 

IliLsinan.  W.  A.  fanner.  Delano. 

Inperson.  ('.  W.  farmer.  Maple  I'lain. 

.IwoIjs.  M.  est.  Rockford. 

Jolinson,  J.  ('.  famier.  Maple  I'lain. 

.laekson.  Henry,  fanner.  Mai'le  I'lain, 

.loyce.  n.  fanner.  Majile  I'lain, 

Klars.  .Joseph,  fanner.  Hoekford, 

Klapitrielij  V.  fanner.  Hockford. 

Kinjrsley.  I),  fanner,  Delano. 

I^oek.  .John,  farmer.  Majile  I'lain. 

Lindberg.  A.  farmer,  Delano, 

.McKee.  A.  fanner.  Rockford 

Miessen.  I'eter.  fanner.  Maple  I'lain. 

Manning.  W.  farmer.  Maple  I'lain, 

Mcliarry.  .lohii.  farmer.  Maple  I'lain. 

.Mills.  H.  .M.  fanner.  Maple  I'lain. 

.Mome.  X.  .Mrs.  fanner.  Maple  I'lain, 

Mills,  \V.  .M.  farmer.  Maple  I'lain. 

Michaels.  D.  farmer.  Delano. 

Moline..I.andX..J.  farmers.  Mai>le  I'lain. 

Mereer  .M.  ('.  iiliysician.  .Maple  I'lain. 

Miirry.  H.  fanner.  Majile  Plain. 

Mmire.  Sainnel,  fanner.  .Majilc  Plain. 

.McDonald.  .1.  ('.  fanner,  Maple  Plain. 

Nelson.  Ole.  farmer,  Majile  Plain. 

Xiilz.  .J.  fanner.  Maple  Plain. 

Nels<in.  .Swan,  farmer,  Maiile  Plain. 

(Meson.  I'eter.  fanner.  .Maple  Plain. 

O'.Mele.)!.  .lolin.  fanner.  Delano. 

O'lycary.  ('.  \V.  farmer.  Delano. 

<)les4>ii.  .\.  farmer.  Maple  Plain. 

I'elei-son.  (lie,  fanner  Delaim. 

Peterson.  Andrew,  farmer.  .\la|ilc  I'lain. 

Peterson.  .MIk-iL  farmer.  .Maple  Plain. 

I'agenkolT.  .1.  farmer,  .Maple  Plain. 

I'irkaid  Dave.  Iliitel.  .Maple  Plain. 

Ueifeiilierger.  .hio.  fanner.  .Maiile  Plain, 

I<yan..l.I'.  farmer.  .Maple  Plain. 

Hiiliil.  l.nrent/.  farmer.  .Maple  Plain. 

Kailer.  .Iiihn,  farmer,  D(.laiio. 

Itniler.  Nniiey,  farmer,  Delano, 

Ilader.  W.  farmer.         _  Delano. 

IlieluinlH.  A.  mall  e^irrier.  Delano. 
Siillierland.  Mrs.  S.  J.  farmer. 

Maple  I'lain. 

tSuUiorlaiid.  \V.  II.  fanner,  Maiile  Plain, 


A.  s. 

IGO  35 

40  36 

8(1  25 


80 

(>n 
120 
170 
l.')l 

40     15 


21 
24 
3 
25 
35 


209 

80 

160 


152  1-2 

84  31 

80  4 

89  12 

.54  14 

80  15 

73  22 

30  25 

120  27 

riO  32 

KiO  36 


2.S0 
.50 
80 

120 
20 
40 
to 


25 
28 
11 

36 


8 
18 
32 


36 
15 


1(15 

20 

ID 

80 

40 

70 
\'il.lots 
h  2 
106  24 
140  22 
160  30 

80  31 

225  31 

villagi!  loUs. 

SO     10 
25 


TOWNSHIP  BIRECTORIES. 


683. 


p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

p.  G. 

A. 

g. 

Stortroen,  0.  farmer, 

Delano, 

13 

16 

Barenstiener,  F.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

24 

Soley.  Peter,  farmer, 

Maple  Plain 

160 

21 

Brown,  W.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

76 

24 

Styner.  Joshua,  farmer. 

Maple  Plain 

107 

22 

Bragdon,  A.  farmer. 

Osseo. 

79 

17 

Styner,  Daniel,  farmer. 

Maple  Plain 

78 

26 

Butzler,  D.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

60 

24 

Shrewsbury,  Mrs.  J. 

Maple  Plain 

20 

27 

Berg,  Carl,  farmer. 

Osseo. 

39 

27 

Stinson,  J.  11.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain 

210 

34 

Brinn,  Thomas,  farmer. 

.  Corcoran, 

72 

27 

Shrewsbury,  F.  farmer, 

Maple  Plam 

■to 

27 

Bm'ke,  John,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

80 

28 

Strand,  Charles,  farmer. 

Delano, 

80 

16 

Blakenborough,  J.  farmer 

,  Corcoran, 

80 

19 

Settle,  E.  S.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

34 

16 

Bauers,  Casper,  tenant, 

Osseo, 

11 

Smith.  G.  W.  postmaster, 

Maple  Plain, 

vil'g 

ots 

Bailey,  AVm.  teiniant. 

Osseo, 

10 

Sutherland,  M.  V.  B.  farmer. 

Cook,  Jesse,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

40 

3 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

10 

Connover,  J.  A.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

90 

9 

Terwell,  George,  farmer. 

Delano. 

160 

17 

Caron,  0.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

104 

12 

Tautges,  A.  farmer. 

Roekford, 

80 

12 

Colbmn,  S.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

120 

14 

Tautges,  Peter,  farmer. 

Rockford, 

80 

11 

Champlin,  O.  R.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

45 

16 

Vannetten,  Chas.  section 

man. 

Chapman,  Geo.  farmer. 

Abel, 

40 

17 

Maple  Plain, 

viPg 

lots 

Chapman,  Wm.  farmer, 

Abel, 

20 

18 

Weindenback,  A.  fanner. 

Rockford, 

120 

3 

Curtis,  A.  farmer, 

O.sseo, 

64 

13 

Wagner,  John,  Jr.  farmer 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

11 

Courtney,  J.  and  H.  farmer,  Corcoran, 

160 

29 

Wagner,  C.  farmer. 

Rockford, 

80 

12 

Cook,  Leo.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

35 

Washington,  Geo.  farmer 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

15 

Chapman,  Jas.  farmer, 

Abel, 

34 

16 

Woodard.  S.  farmer, 

Delano, 

74 

30 

Cook,  Jno.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

80 

30 

Wasson,  John,  farmer, 

Maple  Plain, 

40 

36 

Chambeau,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

29 

Wagner,  John.  Sr.  farmer 

.  Maple  Plain, 

SO 

Dubuque,  J.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

40 

10 

Williams,  John,  farmer, 

Maple  Grove. 

Dathagen,  II.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

10 

17 

MAFLE   GROVE. 

Dolan,  B.  farmer, 
Demaes,  J.  D.  farmer, 

Osseo, 
Corcoran, 

80 
107 

27 

Aubert,  C.  Mrs.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

161, 

1 

Dennis,  John  B.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

107 

27 

Angell,  A.  0.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

223, 

9 

Devery.  Jno.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

72 

27 

Abel  Harry,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

17 

Devery,  K.  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

65 

28 

Andus.  Wm.  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

72 

30 

Devery,  P.  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

150 

33 

Aubert.  Thomas,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

40 

12 

Darmody.  P.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

120 

31 

Aubert,  John,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

1 

Devery,  M.  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

80 

33 

Aubert,  Nicholas,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

1 

Devery,  Peter,  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

101 

33 

Abar,  Peter,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

26 

15 

Ebert,  Fredrick,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

2 

Briggs,  J.  H.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

83 

4 

Evans,  W.  E.  farmer, 

Maple  Grove 

,160 

4 

Bonn  r.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

40 

5 

Eddy,  J.  M.  farmer. 

Osseo; 

80 

4 

Bonn,  Cln-istian,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

113 

7 

Engalls,  Wm.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

160 

12 

Brendhig,  11.  blacksmith, 

Osseo, 

20 

9 

Evans,  Walter,  farmer, 

Maple  Grove 

,    10 

5 

Bonn,  Daniel,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

8 

Fisher,  John,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

53 

22 

Banker,  A.  M.  farmer, 

Maple  Grove, 

80 

9 

Funk,  M.  mason. 

Osseo, 

12 

Banker,  K.  T.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

4 

Garvais,  Pierre,  farmer., 

Osseo, 

140 

12 

Benner,  X.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

80 

11 

Gelle,  August,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

95 

21 

Beiderman,  F.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

40 

14 

Gebert,  John,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

152 

27 

Bragdon,  A.  farmer. 

.Abel, 

80 

17 

Gleason,  C.  farmer, 

Corcoran, 

232 

31 

Brooks.  Wm.  M.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

18 

Hamen,  Lewis,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

96 

1 

Beier,  Julius,  farmer. 

Corcoran, 

152 

19 

Hawkins,   S.   S.   traveling 

Blasi,  M.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

40 

2 

man  and  farmer 

Osseo, 

120 

3 

Beier,  August,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

19 

Ileartfield,  F.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

80 

14 

mi 


llanW.  C.  farmer. 

Ililln-r.  !•    faniirr. 
Illlliri.  y  <.   I.titwr. 
1 1  ri  I  !!»••««•> .  T.  famipr, 

II.        .  •     ',  :,,.T 

il 

Ili>n   XI  faniK-r. 
llitiiirwM-}.  K.  turmvi. 
Jw^rttirl.  J.  li.  f«mnT. 
J  •  iner. 

J.  ..r. 

Jiwliii.  W .  (aniicr. 
JaiM*.  W    r.fi. 
K-«l>»rr.  <;.  <"..  I 
K'rtlkr.  (i  .  (MrtiK't. 
K —  '  ■     "    K..  (araiiT. 
K  '  ^iniiiT. 

K 

K««)ing.  F.  tmnwt . 
Kriiffi.  II  faniw-r. 
K»"1f"P  *'    (aninT. 

' ,  Imrmit. 


HISTORY  OF  JIEXyEPIN  COUNTY. 


h 
h. 
h 
h 
K 
K 
K 
» 


fann*T. 
W.  fannci. 


k.  faniMt, 


P.  O. 
Omco, 

\  !  ..  " 

CorRDran, 

<'     IT-n-TlTj. 

'      :  ■     '  .I'l , 

t'orroraii. 

{)tmeo, 

AIm-I, 

( >KHro, 
(  )k««o. 

(  Khi-o. 

Okmm, 


(Virr«)PUl. 
A»H. 
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thmo. 


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A. 

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MiDin,  Hobeii.  farmer. 
McCalje.  Michael,  farmer. 
Mitchell.  .1.  II.  farmer. 
Marks.  Samuel,  farmer. 
Myer.  M.  tenant. 
Nortlinip.  Frank,  faraier, 
(Htcnbright.  J.  farmer, 
Olirmiiiult,  ().  fariiiL'r, 
Opitz,  Mrs.  Nancy,  farmer, 
I'omeroy.  J.  K.  farmer, 
I'avitt.W.  II.  farmer, 
I'ovet.  W.  C".  farmer. 
I'eters,  Jolin,  farmer. 
Prters,  Edward,  farmer, 
I'aoiy.  Kreil.  farmer, 
I'belp.s.  S.  farmer, 
I'ont.  Henry  blacksmith. 
Hatlinz,  F.,  farmer, 
Heitz.  G..  farmer, 
HiKle.  William,  farmer, 
Hoi'lke.  E..  farmer. 
Holicrl.  Henry,  farmer. 
Uobert.  A.,  farmer. 
Kossell.  Alfred,  farmer. 
Hay,  Henry,  fai'mer, 
.Schmidt,  \V..  farmer. 
SiiDssele,  Carl,  farmer. 
Schober.  .1.  ('.,  blacksmith 

and  farmer. 
Schneider.  ("Iiiis.  farmer, 
.Scholz.  .1.  \V..  farmer, 
Swappach.  II..  farmer, 
Sclnitle.  F.  II.  farmer. 
Schotle.  K.  farmer. 
Shadcwalde.  W.,  farmer, 
Shaefer,  (Jeo..  farmer, 
Sohultz.  \Vm..  fanner, 
SeilM-rt,  (Niinad.  farmer, 
Schwartz.  W..  fiD-iner. 
Si-halxT.  \'al.  farmer. 
Sniilli.  Adam,  toiant, 
.st«-Ucr.  (;..  fanner. 
Sl<T({<'<»n.  1'..  fanner. 
'IVrliudl,  Jno.  fanner. 
Thoniii,  <;.  .M.  fanner, 
Tnilt.  William,  farmer, 
ThoinpiMin.  S.  farmer, 
Tonn,  V.  A.  farmiT. 


p.  0. 

A. 

S. 

Osseo. 

140 

22 

Corcoran. 

120 

33 

Maple  Grove 

100 

4 

Osseo, 

40 

10 

Osseo, 

28 

Corcoran. 

40 

84 

Osseo, 

1(1 

13 

Abel, 

^0 

17 

Osseo, 

97 

9 

Osseo, 

40 

16 

Osseo, 

50 

16 

Osseo. 

64 

13 

Corcoran, 

160 

31 

Corcoran, 

31 

Corcoran, 

160 

34 

Corcoran, 

81 

30 

Maple  (iruvc 

.  24 

4 

Osseo, 

160 

5 

Osseo, 

50 

15 

Osseo, 

70 

15 

Osseo, 

40 

20 

Osseo, 

45 

10 

Osseo, 

10 

Osseo, 

36 

Osseo, 

36 

Osseo, 

40 

1 

Maple  Grove 

,155 

5 

Osseo, 

60 

7 

O.sseo, 

120 

18 

Osseo, 

59 

13 

Osseo, 

00 

14 

Abel, 

00 

17 

Abel, 

50 

18 

t^sseo. 

40 

20 

Osseo, 

160 

21 

Osseo, 

114 

21 

Osseo, 

80 

26 

Osseo, 

100 

35 

O.sseo, 

152 

35 

O.sseo, 

20 

( )sseo. 

IS 

7 

Osseo, 

12(1 

1 

Osseo, 

107 

'> 

Os.seo, 

NT 

8 

(Jsseo, 

11") 

10 

Abel, 

!U 

17 

( ).s8eo, 

(SO 

21 

TOWNSHIP  DIRECTORIES. 


685 


p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

p.  0. 

A. 

s. 

Tiiseth,  J.  J.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

90 

24 

Becker,  P.  farmer, 

Maple  Plain 

6 

Thompson,  J.  J.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

128 

25 

Collins  D.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

120 

3 

Wood  worth,  E.  P.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

103 

3 

Coleman,  J.  wheat  buyer. 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Wagner,  Frantz,  farmer. 

Osseo, 

13 

7 

Collins,  C.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

80 

4 

Weizel,  II.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

60 

9 

Collins,  J.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

120 

4 

Wilmes,  Peter,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

280 

13 

Classen,  N.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

210 

16 

Wagner,  A.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

102 

6 

Crowe,  M.  farmer, 

Lenz, 

160 

13 

Williamson,  Mrs.  S.  farmei 

,  Osseo, 

40 

15 

Cox,  V.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

97 

27 

Wentz,  Peter,  farmer, 

Osseo, 

160 

25 

Christlieb,  I.  A.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

173 

28 

Zopfl,  John,  Jr.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

150 

2 

Classen,  J.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

207 

31 

Zopfi,  B.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

200 

2 

Campbell,  L.  K.  schoolteacher,  Minneapolis. 

Zoerb,  C.  farmer. 

Osseo, 

46 

7 

Crowe,  Jas.  farmer, 

Lenz, 

240 

14 

Ziebarth,  Chas.  farmer, 

Osseo, 

103 

15 

Christleib,  B.  F.  merchant 

,  Long  Lake, 

34 

MEDINA. 

Carr,  A.  farmer, 
Carl,  A.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 
Long  Lake, 

30 

8 
4 

Arens.  Franz  farmer, 

Lenz, 

79 

8 

Carr,  Wm.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

40 

4 

Archibald.  Wm.  farmer, 

Long  Lake. 

120 

27 

Deisting,  Chris,  farmer. 

Lenz, 

160 

4 

Anderson.  S.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

68 

6 

Deslorier,  P.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

80 

5 

Archibald,  W.  II.  blacksmith. 

Daniels,  D.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

80 

8 

• 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Daziel,  F.  farmer, 

Lenz, 

65 

10 

Archil)ald.  D.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

27 

Domning,  E.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

100 

35 

Archibald,  II.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

27 

Dillnian,  J.  D.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

160 

21 

Archibald,  S.  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

27 

Ditler,  F.  farmer  and  saloon,  Lenz, 

25 

24 

Alley,  George,  miller. 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Dickey,  Alex,  meat  market 

,  Long  Lake, 

34 

Burchlield,  C.  W.  farmer, 

Lenz, 

320 

2 

Dickey  and  Logan       " 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Becker,  A.  M.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain 

120 

6 

Dicky.  R.  B,  deputy  sheriff 

,  Long  Lake, 

34 

Biirchlield,  A.  manf'r  of  portable  forges, 

Engel  Jacob,  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

180 

17 

Lenz, 

2 

Ekstrom,  Carl,  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

160 

6 

Biladeau,  Peter,  farmer. 

Lenz, 

80 

11 

Faue,  John,  farmer. 

Lenz, 

160 

3 

Bolduc,  B.  blacksmith, 

Lenz, 

12 

Fick,  John,  farmer. 

Lenz, 

80 

6 

Buttz,  F.  P.  farmer, 

Lenz, 

80 

12 

Feltes,  B.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

150 

7 

Boncher,  P.  clergyman, 

Lenz, 

12 

Fa>ie,  Henry,  farmer. 

Lenz, 

280 

10 

Braden,  Wm.  mill-wright, 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Fortin,  P.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

127 

12 

Bantley,  M.  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

120 

15 

Faue,  Lewis,  farmer. 

Lenz, 

80 

13 

Barbeau,  G.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

80 

6 

Franzen,  X.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

120 

15 

Barkow,  Charles,  farmer. 

Maple  Plain 

216 

17 

Fries,  Cliarles,  farmer. 

Lenz, 

80 

16 

Bill,  A.  P.  farmer, 

Maple  Plain 

46 

19 

Fries,  F.  farmer 

Maple  Plain, 

38 

19 

Bryer,  J.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

80 

22 

Fogelsonger,  S.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

77 

26 

Bennett,  S.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

40 

33 

French,  A.  T.  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

110 

9 

Blacketer,  W.  farmer, 

Maple  Plain 

120 

Gasper,  A.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

51 

9 

Brown,  A.  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

40 

34 

Gerber,  J.  II.  farmer, 

Lenz, 

160 

14 

Berens,  P.  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

80 

22 

Gordon,  C.  W.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

80 

32 

Broft'n,  O.  B.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

79 

o 

Guise,  W.  P.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

87 

34 

Bayer,  J.  D.  carpenter, 

Ijong  Lake, 

2 

34 

Grifting,  II.  B.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

123 

36 

Bailey,  A.  C.  justice, 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Grave,  A.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

100 

32 

Bannor,  E.  miller. 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Gasper,  B.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

210 

9 

Bru-ichveiler,  A.  nurseryman, 

Gaspar,  W.  F.  blacksmith. 

Lenz, 

9 

Long  Lake, 

10 

4 

Ilerron,  M.  O.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

143 

3 

Banies,  E.  S.  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

334 

10 

Ilillman,  A.  C.  miller. 

Long  Lake, 

34 

«A« 


IllSlonr  OF  HEXXEPIN  COUNTY. 


Majile  riaiii, 

lyciir. 
Ix-ti7., 
Ix-n7.. 

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lyiiiii;  I^ke. 
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lliitiiviM  t;-<'i   .lai'oli   uaL'iiii-iiiakiT. 

I<<iiiK  l^kc, 
-  iilct.  I/uiR  Im\h', 
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K  laiiirr.  Jithn.  fartni-r. 


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p.  ().  A.  S. 

LyiHanl.  I).  A.  inercliant.  Long  Lake  200  34 

I/tpaii.  n.  meat  market,  Long  Lake,  34 

Loraiiger,  A.  R.  physician  and  surgeon, 

Lenz,  12 

Moylan,  .)nl 111.  fanner.  Lenz,  14G  2 

Meiirer,  J.  r.  farmer,  Lenz,  144  4 

Morin,  I'eter.  farmer.  Lenz.  105  10 

Maxsoii.  U.  fanner.  Lenz,  247  17 

Miller,  M.  farmer,  Long  Lake,  40  21 

Mer/..  Josepli.  fanner.  Long  Lake,  80  15 

Merz,  A.  farmer.  Long  Lake,  23 

Merz.  J.  farmer.  Long  Lake,  240  23 

Mooney,  James,  fanner,  Long  Lake,  122  25 

Markey,  John,  farmer,  Long  Lake,  85  25 

Merz.  K.  Mi-s.  farmer  Long  Lake.  80  26 

MeCullougli,  (ieo.  farmer,  Mai)le  riaiii,  40  31 

Mangen,  M.  farmer.  Long  Lake,  118  29 

Maxwell.  C.  farmer.  Long  Lake,  20  4 

McCorniick.  (i.  fanner,  1-ong  Lake,  20 

Maxwell,  M.  farmer.  Long  Luke,  "24  G 

Miller,  I'eter,  farmer,  Long  Lake.  24(t  20 

Miller,  X.  farmer.  Long  Lake,  120  21 

Miller,  E.  farmer.  Long  Lake,  240  21 
Mayers.  A.  J.  groceries  and  liiiuors. 

Long  Lake,  34 

Mc('ormii-k.  J.  fanner.  Long  Lake.  2  34 

Malliei,  II.  fanner.  Long  Lake,  30  5 

Mayr.  1'.  Calli.  priest,  Lenz.  23 

Neddermever.  A.  fanner.  Long  Lake.  SO  28 

(Clleiron.  .M.  farnur.  Lenz.  144  3 

I'ouliot,  H.  farmer,  l>eir/.,  142  11 

I'arrisli.  1'.  fanner.  Long  Lake,  47  35 

Picket,  II.  (i.  st4ilion agent.  Long  Lake,  34 

I'etiTsoii.  I'Mwaid.  farmer,  Mai'lc  Plain,  lo  li 

Peterson,  Alltert,  fanner,  Majile  Plain,      4ii  li 

Parrish,  <",  F.  coojier,  Long  Lake,  35 

Polilker,  II.  farmer,  Lenz.  100  24 

lle\  Holds.  A.  farmer.  Long  I<ake.  s~  3 

Heynolds.  Sjmiiiel.  fanner.  Long  l.akc  in  3 

Hoy.  K.  wagon  maker,  Leni;,  12 

Itani-oiir,  K.  farmer,  Lenz,  80  li 

Heller,  ('.  J. lirirk  mason,  Long  Lake,  34 

HoMilider.  A.  J.  far r.  Long  Lake,  34 

HclHliofT, Mao,  fanner.  Lenz,  100  9 

Hoy.  A.  fanner,  I.cnz.  33  12 

Heiwr, . I.  H.  fanner,  Long  Lake,  80  22 

Helwr.  <Jeo..Sr.  farmer,  Long  Lake,  200  23 

Hi'Ikit.  (ieorge  A.  farmer.  Long  Lake,  40  2(1 

Hoiiillard.  P.  farmer,  Lenz,  80  11 


TOWNSHIP  DIBECJOBIES. 


687 


p.  o. 

A. 

s. 

p.  0. 

A. 

s. 

Reiser,  A.  K.  fanner, 

Long  Lake, 

40 

23 

Talbot,  Thos.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

130 

4 

Eeimer,  Charles,  farmer, 

Lenz, 

40 

5 

Teas,  G.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

40 

5 

Rutherford,  Thos.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Turnham,  J.  farmer. 

Long  I^ake, 

76 

7 

Sheppard,  M.  H.  physician 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Theis,  Jolm,  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

200 

21 

Snow,  E.  M.  hotel  keeper, 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Twombley,  Chas.  millei 

,      Long  Lake, 

34 

Stafford,  A.  S.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

5 

Vaudei'warker,  J.  farmer,    Jlaple  Plain 

80 

19 

Stafford.  J.  D.  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

20 

4 

Wietzius,  M.  farmer. 

:Maple  Plain 

80 

7 

Stubbs,  Henry,  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

110 

32 

Winterhalter,  L.  farmei 

,      Lenz, 

80 

8 

Stubbs,  C.  R.  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

9 

32 

Wagner,  John,  farmer, 

Leuz, 

125 

8 

Storer,  A.  engineer, 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Weyer,  C.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

200 

9 

Schlosser,  J.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

100 

5 

Wolsfield,  N.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

99 

20 

Schulz,  Chas.  farmer, 

Lenz, 

160 

1 

Wolsfield,  John,  farmei 

,       Long  Lake, 

160 

22 

Smith,  M.  M.  miller. 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Wolsfield,  Chas.  farmer 

Long  Lake, 

300 

27 

Sehmitz.  P.  farmer, 

Lenz, 

149 

5 

White  Bros,  farmers, 

Long  Lake, 

110 

27 

Snow,  Chas.  miller, 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Wakefield,  'W.  farmer. 

Long  Lake. 

160 

36 

Shumaker,  H.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

6 

"VVamboldt,  A.  W.  foreman  cooper  shop. 

Shackweiller,  B.  H.  farmei 

,  Lenz. 

80 

8 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Schaar,  A.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

80 

16 

White,  W.  G.  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

50 

32 

Schaar,  Jos.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

40 

16 

White,  Nathan,  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

60 

32 

Stark,  C.  F.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

160 

15 

Walsh,  E.  F.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

162 

2 

Schwalen,  J.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

160 

15 

Wakefield,  Wm.  farmei 

Long  Lake, 

80 

28 

Spurzem,  J.  farmer, 

Lenz, 

87 

17 

Wooster,  S.  J.  physician,      Long  Lake, 

34 

Spafford,  W.  A.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

164 

20 

White,  Moses,  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

50 

32 

Sherer,  A.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

160 

32 

Wohlstrom,  A.  miller, 

Minneapolis, 

34 

Sherer,  Adam,  fanner, 

Long  Lake, 

SO 

22 

York,  T.  L.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

80 

35 

Stumpf,  Leo.  farmer, 
Schummer,  P.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 
Lenz, 

280 
60 

23 
24 

MINNETKISTA. 

Streibel,  F.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

144 

25 

Austin,  C.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

40 

1 

Stanchfleld,  ISI.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

53 

32 

Arnold,  A.  farmer. 

Mound  City, 

80 

10 

Smith,  W.  E.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

40 

33 

Auer,  Simon,  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

28 

Smith,  E.  B.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

100 

34 

Alderman,A.  S.  gardner 

,  Mound  City, 

6 

23 

Schumaker,  P.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

6 

Anthony,  C.  carpenter, 

Mound  City, 

1 

23 

Spafford,  Airs.  L.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

10 

4 

Baillie,  J.  C.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

80 

4 

Snoke,  M.  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

10 

4 

Ball,  Richard,  miller, 

Minnetrista, 

160 

9 

Snoke,  D.  F.  veterinary  surgeon. 

Black,  Daniel,  farmer, 

Minnetrista, 

90 

9 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Ball,  Andrew,  farmer, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

160 

20 

Stubbs,  M.  A.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

59 

4 

Bartlett,  S.  J.  farmer, 

;Mound  City, 

48 

24 

Stafford,  J.  V>.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

20 

4 

Berberick,  F.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

75 

30 

Stromberg,  John,  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

40 

5 

Bruhn,  Charles,  farmer 

St.  Bonifacius, 

120 

32 

Smith,  M.  and  C.  farmers. 

Long  Lake, 

40 

9 

]5all,  Charles,  farmer. 

Minnetrista, 

9 

Stubbs,  N.  J.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

90 

10 

Beise,  E.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

34 

Shuck,  A.  W.  physician  and  surgeon, 

Blatz,  B.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

33 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Beise,  F.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

33 

Schmitz,  J.  P.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

34 

Brewer,  C.  farmer, 

Minnetrista, 

40 

8 

Tautges,  John,  farmer. 

Lenz, 

80 

10 

Clark,  A.W.  blacksmith,  Minnetrista, 

70 

9 

Thibedean,  P.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

15 

10 

Carman,  F.  ]\L  farmer. 

Mound  City, 

20 

23 

Thibedeau,  A.  farmer. 

Lenz, 

18 

11 

Chapman,  S.  M.  hotel  and  farmer. 

Twist,  J.  D.  farmer. 

Long  Lake, 

80 

33 

Mound  City, 

10 

24 

Ten  Eycke,  E.  farmer, 

Long  Lake, 

24 

36 

«tA 


inSTOltY  OF  HEXyEPIN  COUNTY. 


P.O.  A. 

CVwk,  M.  S.  bc4<-l  and  famiitiK. 

Mound  City.  fll 

Vmarr.  AW*,  fanniiut.  St.  llonifaritis,  KMi 


iHtli 

1' 

1 

1 

I       . 

I.r 

I 

I 


inniT.  Mxplp  I'lain. 


'  r. 
<t. 

•T. 
.   -■,,     ..      ...illMT. 

kMin.  A.  famicr. 

tV. 

KiiJirr.  II.  F.  fanner. 
I  . 


Iliiff   .1    M    (at-nicr. 
Il<>  (<  11    r    f;iniic  I. 

I  '  IIHT, 

I  T. 

I 

I 
1. 


liUPTMun.  U 

ttirmnn.  A. 

.1 


MiiiiK-trixta. 
St.  Il<iiiifarius. 
St.  Koiiifnrjiis, 
Ma|i)c  I'lain, 
M»l>l<-  I'lain. 
St.  Ittinifariiis, 
SI.  IhiiiirariiiK, 
St.  ItonifaciuB, 

r.  St.  lltmifariiiN. 

(aiTncr. 

St.  lionifarinn, 
.Mound  City. 
.Mound  City. 
St.  ItoiiifiiriuH. 
St.  JlonifaciuK. 
<  I.  J.  (annpr.  St.  lionirariiis, 
St.  lionlfiii-iuK, 
Mound  ('it>, 
y.  Min'ryor  atui  famuT, 
Maple  I'lain, 
famiiT.  .Maplf  I'lain, 

•  r.  Mound  <'ity, 

•  I,   Mound  t'Ky. 
'  r,  MInnolriMta, 

M 

.V;  MM) 

St.  IhMiira'-iuK, 
St..  ItoiiifacluN. 
M    IViinintrliix. 


II 


faniiPr, 


lltl 
■Id 

8:! 

8(1 

mo 

L'OO 
Ml 
80 

1.50 

GO 

i2 
75 

m 

IGO 

100 

M 

ino 

7(1 
W 
86 
10 

M 

80 

171 


■i|'i«il.  M  trntmer. 


Miil<(.  U.faimrr. 


Mlnnclriota. 
St    llonlf:irltiK. 
SI    lioniraiinR. 
Mound  t'lly. 

'  IK, 

M.  lionilarMlK, 


SI.  Ikmlfacittt, 


i::o 

40 
HO 
40 
77 

I  (Ml 
KO 

1(10 

7tt 
108 


24 

28 
■SA 
•Si 

:< 

7 

17 

20 

1 

1 

in 

8 
17 
10 

3.3 
11 
14 
20 
20 
29 
31 
11 

3 
12 
12 
14 

6 

3 
17 
18 
,'tO 
10 

r, 

18 

20 
II 

2!t 
Wl 

31 

8 
8 
(\ 

8 
S 


.M«-iriuian.  \\.  farmer, 
McCulloiigli,  F.  farmer. 
Mnlis,  John,  farmer, 
.\Iap.s7..  .1.  farmer, 
Moore.  ('.  S.  typo, 
Maa.>is.  W.  farmer. 
Maas.s.  Frederick,  far. 
Maesz.  .John,  farmer. 
Maas.s.  .lolin.  farmer, 
Miiass.  Albert,  farmer, 
Merrimaii,  S.  L.  farmer, 
Mcrriman.  Ilyra.  far. 
.Miller.  .Viidrcw,  laborer, 
Xagel.  \Vm..  farmer, 
Ortli.  Martin,  farmer, 
Olide.  Hcrnard.  farmer, 
OiK'rt,  Henry,  farmer, 
I'elerson.  .lolin.  farmer, 
Painter,  I>.  .1.  farmer, 
I'aintcr.  (;eo.  farmer, 
reters<)n..\ar(in.  larmer, 
Parker,  David,  farmer, 
I'auli,  Jolni.  farmer, 
I'eters,  (ieorne,  farmer, 
Parker,  ^Vnl.  farmer, 
Painter.  W'm.  farmer, 
Hupp,  J.  A.  leaclier, 
ISchbein.  Henry,  farmer, 
HoblHMi,  .Jacob,  farmer, 
Rhode,  Clia,s.  Sr.  farmer, 
Wo'iner,  Kli/.a  .1..  and  W 

Slow,  (!eo.  farmer, 
SchillinK,  A.  farmer, 
Scliraii).  Henry,  fanner, 
S'lmiin,  J.  K.  farmer, 
Strobacli,  F.  farmer, 
Sheider,  F.  farmer, 
Sliuler,  Peter,  farmer, 
Stifler,  .\.  fanner, 
Shieh.  .1.  farmer  and  me 

SiM'iser.  II.  fanner, 
Sliuler.  Wni.  fanner, 
Seiffert.  F.  fanner, 
Shiniilt.  J.  farmer, 
Tuike,  F.  famicr, 
Varly.  I.  fanner. 
Woodward,  C.  fanner, 


r,  o. 

Mimietrista. 
.Maple  Plain, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
St.  IJonifacius, 
^linneapolis. 
St.  Bonifacius, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
St.  Bonifacius. 
St.  ]5oiiifacius. 
St.  15onifacius. 
Jlinnetrista, 
Miiinetrista. 
Mound  City, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
Maple  Plain, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
Minnetristii, 
Maple  Plain, 
Maple  Plain, 
.Mapjile  I'lain 
.Miniietrislra, 
^lound  City, 
St.  Bonifacius. 
.Miinictrisla, 
Minnetrista, 
Maple  Plaiii, 
.St.  Bonifacius, 
St.  ]{onifacius, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
in.  farmers. 
.Maple  Plain, 
Mound  City, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
St.  Bonifacius. 
St.  Bonifacius, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
SI.  Bonifacius, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
reliant, 

St.  Bonifacius, 
SI.  Bonifacius, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
St.  Bonifacius, 
Lake  Town, 
l.aUe  Town, 
-Mai.le  Plain. 
Jlinnetrista, 


A.  s. 

76  6 

79  12 
40  18 

100  21 

2  24 

60  28 

80  31 
155  32 

74  33 

70  34 

97  6 

132  6 

2i  24 

80  32 

81  2 
60  28 
SO  10 


SO 
10 
42 
60 


80  1 

20  2 

99  2 

79  4 

79  13 


60  21 

60  28 

80  31 

145  20 

190  2 

139  11 

40  17 

80  17 

120  18 

60  28 

40  28 

142  29 

80  31 

75  31 

80  32 

116  .33 

40  34 

334  35 

64  36 

80  2 

160  5 


TOWNSHIP  BIRECT0RIE8. 


6S9 


p.  o. 

A. 

S. 

p.  0. 

A. 

s. 

Whittaker,  C.  famier, 

Mound  City, 

40 

10 

Chowen,  E.  C.  farm  and  nursery, 

Wliittaker,  D.  farmer, 

Mound  City, 

133 

10 

Wayzata. 

120 

IS 

Whitehouse,  W.  T.  navigator, 

Cale,  John,  fai-mer, 

Minnetonka, 

39 

18 

Mound  City, 

23 

Connolly,  T.  supt.  poor  farm,  Hopkins. 

Wendt,  Clias.  farmer, 

St.  Bonifacius, 

60 

33 

Cordell,  C.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

40 

31 

Weiland,  Jno.  farmer. 

Mound  City, 

80 

oo 

Chastek,  J.  M.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

320 

34 

Whitehouse,  J.  M.  farmer. 

Cherveny,  Chas.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

70 

36 

Mound  City, 

69 

23 

Chowen,  W.  S.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

160 

18 

Weeks,  E.  mercliant. 

Mound  City, 

23 

Christie,  John,  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

80 

12 

Weinzerl,  J.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

30 

Churchill.  S.  R.  farmer. 

Wayzata, 

93 

1 

Went,  Jno.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

32 

Churchill,  Chas.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

80 

35 

Wehle.  J.  mercliant. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

80 

30 

Doyle,  Pat.  farmer. 

Minnetonka. 

40 

4 

Weinzerl,  J.  carpenter. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

24 

Dobson,  Wm.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

160 

10 

Yerger,  A.  farmer. 

Maple  Plain, 

170 

2 

Dorn,  Daniel  E.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

167 

24 

Yetzer,  Leo.  farmer. 

St.  Bonifacius, 

120 

33 

Dostal,  W.  P.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

140 

27 

Zanger,  Sussanna,  farmer.Lake  Town, 

546 

34 

Dominick,  Philip,  farmer. 

Hopkins. 

177 

26 

Zahrendt,Lewis,builder,  Mound  City. 

2 

Dworak,  J.  farmer. 

Excelsior, 

40 

31 

MINNETONKA. 

Dworak,  W.  farmer, 
Dressell,  A.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 
Minneapolis, 

80 
80 

36 

1 

Aylor,  Richard,  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

40 

16 

Dickie,  Miles,  butcher. 

Wayzata. 

Bartow,  Samuel,  farmei 

•,      Minnetonka, 

121 

7 

Empenger,  John,  farmer, 

Hopkins 

60 

23 

Bryant,  T.  C.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

57 

10 

Empenger,  J.  H.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

73 

26 

Bouk,  L.  D.  farmer, 

Minnetonka, 

40 

16 

Eidam,  E.  H.  merchant. 

Minnetonka. 

Bryant,  O.  F.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

108 

15 

Ellingwood,  F.  carpenter. 

Minnetonka. 

13 

14 

Beebe,  F.  D.  hotel. 

Minnetonka. 

Frear,  S.  A.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

80 

21 

Burnes,  G.  M.  Est.  farmer,  Hopkins, 

340 

24 

Feltel,  John,  farmer, 

Hopkins, 

132 

36 

Brock,  L.  D.  farmer, 

Minnetonka, 

40 

16 

Frear,  W.  S.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

53 

15 

Bates,  W.  P.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

40 

23 

Glassing,  Fred,  farmer. 

Minneapolis, 

80 

2 

Bassett,  Charles, 

Hopkins, 

31 

24 

Gleason,  John,  farmer. 

Wayzata, 

150 

5 

Barry,  J.  farmer, 

Wayzata, 

40 

6 

Gray,  A.  N.  millwright, 

Minnetonka, 

10 

18 

Brokl,  T.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

40 

26 

Gleason,  II.  L.  hotel. 

Wayzata. 

Bryant,  II.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

10 

14 

Gould,  Wm.  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

31 

27 

Bren,  Frank,  farmer, 

Hopkins, 

156 

26 

Holtz,  Fred,  farmer, 

Wayzata, 

139 

1 

Bren,  Joseph,  farmer. 

Hopkins, 

200 

35 

Harrington,  J.  S.  farmer. 

Wayzata, 

95 

12 

Burwell,  D.  M.  town  clerk.  ISIinnetonka. 

Haley,  Eugene,  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

80 

12 

Burwell,  C.  H.  supt.  mill,    Minnetonka. 

Houston,  Wm.  farmer, 

Minnetonka, 

40 

16 

Bartow,  R.  W.  farmer, 

Minnetonka, 

80 

16 

Hopkins,  George,  cooper  and  farmer. 

Bushnell,  Wm.  merchant,    Wayzata. 

Minnetonka, 

40' 

27 

Burnes,  C.  D.  cooper  and  farmer, 

Hedderly,  G.  W.  merchant 

Wayzata. 

Minnetonka, 

80 

14 

Hanson,  R.  W.  farmer  and  miller. 

Baker,  W.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

160 

22 

Miimetonka, 

160 

14 

Bartow,  T.  S.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

•  40 

16 

Harrison,  N.  H.  ship  carpenter. 

Bryant,  Thomas  C.  farmer,  Minnetonka, 

120 

15 

VV^ayzata, 

5 

6 

Butler,  A.  G.  dalrjman 

Minnetonka, 

7 

Hoagland,Wm.stock  dealer,  Wayzata, 

1 

Cheely,  J.  W.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

20 

8 

Hall,  F.  H.  millwright. 

Miinie  tonka. 

Carr,  Michael,  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

80 

21 

Johnson,  G.V.  boat  builder 

,  Wayzata. 

Cooper,  II.  F.  blacksmith,    Minnetonka, 

10 

20 

Jackson,  J.  R.  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

40 

27 

Carpenter,  C.  farmer, 

Minnetonka, 

80 

16 

Kinsel,  Frank,  farmer. 

Minnetonka, 

55 

27 

d  * 

Kokesh,  John,  farmer, 

Minnetonka, 

40 

29 

44 


ffiW 


insmiiY  OF  ITEXKEPIN  COUNIT. 


1-.  '1. 

A. 

e. 

r.  o. 

A. 

s. 

•  r. 

Miiiiictoiika. 

."iS 

S2 

Roltinson.  A.  "B.  farmer,       AVayzat.i 

134 

18 

..   i    ....iiicr. 

Wa>7Jila. 

2<Ki 

1 

Hcid,  Geo.  saloon,                 Wayzata, 

, 

Joliii,  fnrnior. 

II«)ikins. 

«0 

8fi 

Rahl.  Matt,  farmer,              ]\Iinnetoiika, 

SO 

1 

itner. 

Miiiiirtonkii. 

47 

H2 

Reaves.  S.  .T.  farmer.            Minnetonka. 

( 

Miiiiu-tonka. 

40 

20 

Romiiotl.  .Tolni.  farmer,       Hopkins, 

20 

2-5 

Kiiuncr. 

Fnil.  farmer. 

Exoelslor, 

30 

Robert-son.  .J.  K.  engineer,  Miinietonka. 

1        ■   ■ 

•     "    farrafr 

Miiiiictonka. 

TOO 

a 

Strobeck.  Frank,  farmer,     Ilopldiis, 

.SO 

23 

\Vay7.ata. 

SO 

a 

Soiiba.  Ipnatz.  farmer.          Hopkins, 

600 

24 

Ijihiviio 

II.  tnniii-r. 

Miniictoiika. 

Ml 

9 

Soiiknp.  .lolin.  farmer,         Miniiclonka, 

110 

33 

!        '  •     " 

■  '  r.Kt. 

MiiiiH'tonka. 

•M) 

10 

.Sclinieidel,  C.  farmer,           jSIiiiiielonka, 

160 

30 

farmor. 

Ilojikiim. 

RO 

2H 

Scbnieidel,  Joseph,  farmer,  Jilinnetonka, 

160 

30 

'  r. 

Mitiiictnnka. 

120 

17 

Smetana,  J.  fanner,              Hopkins, 

1191 

35 

1 

il:iir>  ami  fami, 

Sliaiiton.  E.  J),  miller,          Miunetonka. 

Wayrjita. 

00 

.5 

Sliaver,  E.  A.  farmer,           Minnetonka, 

60 

17 

I'l-r. 

Miiiiicloiika. 

1.) 

Shaver,  R.  T.  teacher,          i^Iinnetoiika, 

16 

8 

, 

ii. 

Miiiiict<iiika. 

10 

Shaver.  15.  G.  mechanic,       Jliiiiietouka, 

40 

18 

l/«rk<>.  U 

.11.  i>iiiiJi'w«ir. 

Miiiiictiiiika. 

10 

Shaver.  Sarah  C.  farmer,      Jliniietoiika, 

68 

8 

\i  ^   .... 

"    '•irk.  fHITniT 

Miiinctoiika. 

H»l 

4 

.Sands.  K.  E.  farmer,             Minnctonka, 

1.51 

17 

faniHT. 

lidpkiiiN. 

24 

Stankard.  G.  M.  he.id  miller.  Minnetonka, 

1.5 

fMniii-r. 

Waywila. 

SO 

<i 

Sackliison.  Fi-aiik.  farmer.  Minnetonka, 

•■JO 

23 

\  ^.  (aniKTK 

.  Miiiiictoiika, 

100 

<) 

Thornton.  AV.C.  farmer,      Minnetonka. 

160 

29 

Uanii-I.  farnii-r. 

MiniioUinka, 

120 

n 

Tii)al,  AV.  fanner.                  Hopkins, 

SO 

85 

IHI-I. 

MitiiK-toiika. 

]:iO 

10 

Tenant.  H.  R.  agent,            Wayzata. 

llii|ikliis. 

no 

23 

Wet/el.  .lolin.  fanner.           Jlinnetonka, 

60 

O 

■  :  farmer. 

.MiiiiH'Uiiika. 

40 

20 

Whiiiple.  (Jeorge.  farmer,    Minnetonka, 

40 

16 

1    ...  ,  , 

li<i|ikiim. 

100 

.S.5 

Whipple.  K.  H.  gardener.    Minnetonka, 

40 

18 

III|IMII> 

.  MiiiiM-lonka, 

I2<t 

\r, 

Westburg.  Swan,  farmer,     Minnetonka. 

SO 

32 

Ilii|ikins, 

SO 

■M 

Williams.  C.  A.  miller,         Minnetonka. 

.     ....  i.irl. 

WnvFJilH. 

40 

4 

/ahalka,  John,  fanner,        Jlinnelonka, 

l:.'0 

17 

1   iKilri. 

Wayr;»tji. 

1  l"l'l  lllH. 

.V) 

Ii 
24 

MINNK.M'OI.IS. 

1  loj'lv  IIIH. 

(Kl 

24 

Aiikeny,  A.  T.  real  esfe.  .Minneapolis, 

420 

20 

Mrin,  K 

liillirt  iukI  tiiMi-liiiilKt, 

Adams.  T.  F.  dairyman.  Minneapolis, 

10 

3 

Mitiiii'totika. 

l.-i 

Adams.  Win.  farmer,       .Minneapolis, 

m 

1 

N  <!«(«.    s 

(•     (JHIK-lltl-l  Mill 

laniiiT, 

Adiiiiis.  A.  S.  farmer,      Minneapolis, 

6 

.Mliiiii-toiika. 

70 

10 

AnderHon,  A.  farmer,      .Minneapolis, 

so 

10 

II....    ti 

(•IITIIfl. 

Mliitictiinka, 

KM) 

20 

Allison.  ,\.  It.  dairyman.  .Minneapolis, 

2--. 

2(t 

' 

A    (attiii'i 

ll>>|ikliiN. 

40 

24 

Ailkeii.  It.  .\l.  farmer.      .Minneapolis, 

10 

I 

MiiiiM'liiiika. 

40 

20 

Adams,  .lames,  farmer.  Minnehaha, 

so 

7 

•  I, 

ll<'|>kMlN. 

lIU) 

2:t 

Adaiim.  Wm.  cariienler,  S.  Minneapolis, 

lots 

1 

'    faniiei, 

Mlliiietuiikn. 

4/i 

27 

Unc-kcTj  Ignatius,  farmer.Minneapolis, 

120 

30 

Miiiiii-liiiika, 

SO 

«1 

lliest".  farmer.                  .Mimieapolis. 

40 

30 

iiirl. 

llii|ikliii>. 

40 

HO 

Iloldl  Fred,  farmer,          Minneapolis, 

so 

29 

'ilM. 

Kxrelntnr, 

HO 

41 

liowmaii,  J.  A.  dentist,   Minneapolis, 

120 

2.S 

'  J. 

Miiiiiflonka, 

100 

«2 

llnMlerlek,  E.  farmer,      .Minneapolis. 

2.') 

20 

■«t. 

il<i|>kiiiii, 

SO 

:w 

llolTeiding,  ]'.  fanner,      .Miinieapulis, 

S2 

33 

1'! in    1 

•    <     llirrluuitr 

Itiille.  J.  V.  fanner.         Minneapolis, 

70 

4 

iiika. 

Ml 

20 

lioflerdiiig,  W. gardener.Minneapolis, 

4 

28 

lU'Mnnii. 

Fred.  w4. 

Miiiiictoiika, 

100 

20 

Un-wster,  E.  fanner,       Miniaai)oIis, 

(iO 

33 

TOWNSHIP  BIBECTORIES. 


691 


p.  o. 
Blaisdell,  J.  T.  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Bonney,  P.  A.  gardner,  Minneapolis, 
Berg.  C.  G.  farmer,         Minneapolis, 
Berg,  L.  G.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Berg,  A.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Bader,  R.  E.  landlord,  Minneapolis, 
Brown,  M.  D.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Bicknell,  A.  II.  tenant,  Minneapolis, 
Blaisdell,  Robt.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Bernstein,  W.  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Burbank,  G.  A.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Boyee,  J.  R.  farmer,  Hopkins, 
Blaisdell,  Robt.  Jr.  farmer. 

Minneapolis, 
Blondeau,  Chas.  janitor  • 

Lakewood  cemetery,  Minneapolis. 
Brooks.  P,  gardener.  Minneapolis, 
Bowman.  J,  R.  dairym'n  Minneapolis 
Bornkamp.  H.  laborer,  Minneapolis, 
Beniell  E.  tenant,  Minneapolis, 

Blaisdell,  Wm.  lumberman, 

Minneapolis 
Burnett,  C.  T.  farmer,  Minneapolis 
Byrnes,  Catharine,  farmer, 

Minneapolis, 
Curley,  P,  farmer,  Minneapolis 

Cripeau.  F,  X,  gardener,  Minneapolis 
Cook,  F.  surveyor,  Minneapolis, 

Cummings,  R,  farmer,  Minneapolis 
Carlson,  L.  dairyman,  Minneapolis 
Coats,  D.  H,  farmer,  ilinneapolis 
Cimimings,  Levi,  f'mer,  Minneapolis 
Doyle,  F.  farmer,  Minneapolis 

Dee,  James,  farmer,  Minneapolis 
Dougherty,  Isaiah,  far,  Mimieapolis 
Drews,  Geo.  farmer,  Minneapolis 
Dagiie,  P,  farmer,  Minneapolis 

Earle,  O,  K.  farmer,  Minneapolis 
Erhart,  G.  M.  brick  kiln,  Minneapolis 
Ekes,  Martin,  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Earenfight,  C.  T,  "  Minneapolis 
Earenfight,  R,  R,  dealer,  Minneapolis 
Fries,  Jilargaret,  farmer,  Minneapolis 
Frick.  Ehas,  farmer,  Minneapolis 
Foss,  D.  M.  gardener,  Slinneapolis 
Faloey,  J.  farmer,  Minneapolis 

Foster,  A.  J.  merchant,  Minneapolis 
Funk,  W.  grocer,  Minneapolis 

Fries,  Wm.  farmer,         Minneapolis 


A. 

s. 

40 

34 

5 

6 

14 

6 

9 

6 

4 

6 

33 

80 

12 

120 

10 

80 

12 

40 

10 

80 

10 

300 

19 

60 

24 

5 

17 

o 

21 

lots 

1 

lots 

1 

66 

3 

137 

31 

21 

160 

20 

38 

16 

7 

30 

5 

12 

J 

O 

70 

21 

5 

12 

34 

33 

20 

32 

70 

31 

170 

17 

5 

33 

89 

16 

5 

12 

33 

18 

6 

6 

40 

30 

160 

30 

5 

17 

160 

8 

lots 

28 

lots 

1 

80 

30 

p.  o. 
Finley,  O.  actuary,  jSIinneapolis, 

Fruen,  W.  H.  machinist,  ;Mmneapolis, 
Gourme,  F.  O.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Gaffney.  Thos.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Green,  J.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Grover,  Edsell,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Goodrich,  Geo.  farmer,  Minneapolis. 
Grosbeck,  E.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Greip,  F.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Garvey,  C.  C.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Grimes,  J.  T.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Gilpatrick,  Chas.  f'mer,  Minneapolis, 
Gorham,  P.  A.  dairyman.Minneapolis, 
Goodspeed,  .J,  B.  stock  dealer, 

Minneapolis, 
Graham,  L.  B.  moulder,  Minneapolis, 
Griswold,  N.  F,  banker,  JSIinneapolis, 
Godfrey,  A.  farmer,  Minnehaha, 
CJebsen,  Nels,  drayman.  Minneapolis, 
Girling,  W.  M.  knitting  factory, 

Minneapolis, 
Goodspeed,  E.  A,  stock  dealer, 

Minneapolis, 
Halloran,  M,  J,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Halloran,  Martin,  "  Minneapolis, 
llolen,  S,  M.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Halloran,  D.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Halloran,  Pat.  farmer,  Miimeapolis, 
Halloran,  J.  P.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Halloran,  Pat.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Held,  J.  F.  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Halloran,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Ilarman,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hannan,  M.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Ilannan,  James,  farmer,  Minueapohs, 
Hannan,  Patrick,  "  Minneapolis, 
Hamilton,  Jos.  farmer,  Mmneapolis, 
Ilallett,  D,  F.  mechanic,  Minneapolis, 
Hopkins,  E,  A.  tenant,  Minneapolis, 
Hopkins,  H.  II.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hall,  A.  R.  farmer,  Mimieapolis, 

Hayes  &  Matheson,  dairymen, 

Mumeapolis, 
Ilanke,  Chris,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hayes,  J.  W.  dairyman,  Minneapolis, 
.Jones,  W.  G.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Jenson,  C.  dairyman,  Mimieapolis, 
Johnson,  Hans,  dairy'n,  Mumeapolis, 
Jenson,  H.  C.  tenant,      Miuneapolis, 


A.  S. 
11 
20 

80  29 
80  5 
60  28 
SO       8 


160 

17 

5 

6 

40 

11 

50 

10 

366 

7 

20 

35 

2 

1 

1 

.5 

36 

2J 

25 

140 

1 

1     20 


1 

85 

19 

120 

5 

20 

32 

2U 

29 

160 

29 

40 

30 

80 

6 

145 

30 

56J 

29 

116 

7 

120 

7 

SO 

7 

80 

7 

120 

16 

10 

1 

7 

79 

19 

35 

20 

17 

205 

5 

17 

120 

28 

15 

30 

5 

MS 


HlSTOnr  OF  HEX  KEPI  N  COUyTT. 


r.  o. 

A. 

8. 

KrIW.FiwI.  farmer. 

Miniieap'ilis. 

120 

20 

K«'iin«iy.  r.  fjinnpr. 

Minnpapolis. 

IfiO 

18 

K«ii.-t   (     (ann«T. 

MiiinpjiiNili!'. 

160 

81 

' '  f«m»«T. 

Minncajxilis. 

IftO 

8 

; ,    I .  fariDpr. 

Miiiii('n|N>lis. 

2<1 

1-6 

KliiUnd  I.,  farmpr. 

MlniipaiwOis. 

11 

8 

'i   faniuT 

MiiiiipaiHilis. 

Ml 

6 

M   A    • 

Miniicaixilis. 

,S(I 

8 

liSrlilti.  Mm.  Xora.    " 

Miiiiipaixilis. 

Kin 

18 

lx4«1«ll.  J.  n.  farnipr. 

MiniipaiMilis, 

Km 

17 

Liii<1l>l»ni.  O.  FfHrnuT 

.MiiinoaiHilis. 

10 

ti 

|ji>niati.  M    n-tirf-fl. 

Miiiniiijiolis. 

45 

36 

LiM.j.  A.  1).  tiiwiirlTc. 

Miiiiic;i|MiliK. 

10 

1 

I-an-Mii'-ur.  <'•  I'-  farmpr.Miiincaixilis, 

HO 

12 

"Itifi 

.Miiiii<';i]Kilis. 

.■i 

17 

•  r. 

Miiinc'U|Nilis. 

lots 

33 

Ijncnin.  (i.  W.  farmpr. 

MiiitipajKili.s. 

•  H  k  dpalpr. 

.Mitiiii'.iiNilix. 

.■; 

11 

IK-I. 

.Miiiiica|MiliH. 

.5 

11 

Iridium.  JiKi.  nuuwiti. 

MiiiiifaiMilis. 

.S3 

M  tiler.  MatlilaK.  f armor. 

Miiiiic.'i|Nilis. 

80 

3(1 

Mor.tpr.  Carl,  farmpr, 

MiniiPa|H)li8, 

.50 

28 

Miiiiii-a|Hilis. 

•2' 

28 

in. 

Miiiii('H|><>li!i. 

•I 

17 

MtKirr,  <»«».  faniH-r. 

Miiinpa|M)liH, 

120 

Ifl 

II.  \  .l.faniHT 

.   Miiiii<-a|NiliN, 

80 

17 

faniHT. 

Miiiiii-aiMiliH, 

75 

n 

Mottni,  W.  It  faniipr. 

Miiiiipa|NiliH, 

7.) 

t 

MarlitiMXi.  N.  funiii-r. 

Miiiiifa|MiliK. 

I.S 

n 

N'aMRlit.  ciiaK.  faniii-r. 

MiiiiiPa|MiliH. 

4<i 

20 

'  t . 

.MitiMc»|MiliH, 

r, 

17 

■                         ■       _  'nlPii. 

.Miiiiii-a|KiliN, 

H 

28 

(>«nrr.  1 1.  clock  <li«lpr. 

MiiiiiPa|MiliN. 

10 

1 

'            .>.. 

Miiiiii-a|NiliN. 

12 

12 

.Miiiiii-a|Ni|iK. 

10 

17 

n"n>iii.  N    (tanlpiipr. 

Miiiii<-a|MiliH, 

l.'t 

17 

|*f1lT»<'    falllMT. 

Mliiii<-a|Milii>, 

l.'i 

3.'i 

I'nliTwiti.  «f.  iUll>lriali. 

Miiiiii-a|ailiN, 

10 

12 

\    fjttriH-r. 

MilllH'HIHiIis, 

20 

II 

,       1.  fairiM-i, 

Mitiiipa|i(ilin. 

17 

l*r»U,  M.  V.  farmer 

MillllP«|Ml|iH, 

210 

0 

Miliiii-jiixiliK, 

20 

7 

nail. 

.MlllllPMlMlllll. 

17 

■  Ml. 

Miiiiina|MiliK, 

10 

12 

i-lii.. 

12.^ 

:> 

>''li>. 

28 

il.t. 

28 

„ . 

: ...,".liii, 

W 

30 

lUiliPtU.  I».  fattiM-i. 

MiliiipaiMtliii, 

lu 

3 

P.  o. 

A, 

S. 

Minnpapolis, 

99 

33 

Minneapolis, 

17 

Minneapolis, 

80 

18 

Minni'apolis, 

S4 

IS 

Minneapolis, 

77 

18 

Minneapolis, 

80 

17 

Rnssell,  H.  P.  miller, 

Uutledde,  tenaiil, 

Scheid,  Peter,  farmer, 

Sweeney.  E.  fanner. 

Sweeny.  James,  fanner 

Sweeny,  John,  farmer, 

Soniei-s,Mi's,M.E,fanTier,Miniteapnlis, 

Smitli.  A.  ilaryman.         Minncaiiolis. 

Smith,  James,  Lyndalc  faun. 

Miniicajiolis, 
Somers,  Wm.  constable,  Minneapolis, 
Small.  L.  dairyman.  Minneaix)lis, 
Sanborn,  C.  U.  nurseryman, 

Minneapolis, 
Smith,  C.  A.  frardener.  Minneapolis. 
Smith,  Nils,  drayman,  Minneapolis, 
Shepherd,  L,  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Tabiiur,  S,  T,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Taliour,  J.  U.  dealer. 
Tracy.  II.  (i.  dealer. 
Tapper.  t"ai)t.  John, 
Tu|iper.  1).  W.  dealer, 
Tiiigley,  ('.  dairyman. 
Tillany,  L.  A.  fanner, 
Van  Nest,  11.  stock-grower, 

Minneapolis. 
Vamer.  W  .  II.  farmer.  Minneaiiolis, 
Widekin.  A.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Wilson,  r.  1{.  fanner,  Minneapolis, 
Whitney,  S.  (".  fanner.  Minneapolis, 
Warneke.  I-".  II.  farmer,  Hopkins, 
Wheeler,  (i,  I),  tenant,  Minneapolis, 
Yost,  E,  tenant,  Minneapolis, 

Zeigler,  <'arl,  salesman,  Minneaimlis. 
Zeller.  (ieorge,  cariit,       Miinieaimlis, 

OSSEO, 


Minneajiolis. 
Miiniea  polls, 
Alinneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis. 
Minneapolis, 


32     31 


.50 


1400 


1 


Mlaik.  II.  ('.  wagon-maker,  Osseo. 

Ilrown,  Seneca,  wagon-maker,       Osseo. 
Ilrown.  HIack  \  I>nlin(|ne,  wagon-makers, 

Osseo, 
Cliundler,  E.  II..  Osseo. 

Clark,  E.  P.  cariienter  and  joiner,  Os.seo. 
I>ubiii|iie,  1.  wagon-maker,  Osseo. 

Ilavjland,  Kli,  blaiksniithing,        Osseo. 
lle«-litman.  John,  mi'ii-hant,  0,Hseo, 

Kavilund,  Chiuiey,  engineer,  (hsseo. 

IlepMcn,  J.  Njiloon,  Os.seo. 

Kruegcr,  W.liool  anil  .sliiK'maker,  Osseo. 


32 
32 


12 

33  3 

10  2 

.50  1 

40 
120 

40 

40  31 
7 

27  31 

22  1 

115  6 

120  10 

150  .32 

10  33 

10  31 

63  5 

80  19 

10 

1,S3  IS 

7  31 

lots,  36 


TOWNSHIP  BIBECT0BIE8. 


693 


p.  O.  A.        S. 

Laferriere,  O.  blacksmithing,  Osseo. 
Labissionier,  I.  mason,  Osseo. 

Lapray,  S.  meat  market,  Osseo. 

Lefebvre,  E.  merchant,  Osseo. 

Labiash,  Z.  hotel  keeper,  Osseo. 

Ladriere,  A.  pastor  St.  Loiiis  Ch.  Osseo. 
Normandin,  J.  laborer,  Osseo. 

Pavitt,  S.  N.  harness-maker,  Osseo. 
Pinault,  N.  J.  physician  and  surg.  Osseo. 
Fribble,  J.  T.,  Osseo. 

Rougier,  Nelson,  wheelwright,  Osseo. 
Ray,  A.  G.  farming,  Osseo,    60 

Rougier,  Maggie,  dress-making,    Osseo. 
Schmidt,  Fritz,  Internationl  hot'l,  Osseo,    40 
Schwappach,  C.  saloon,  Osseo. 

Saucier,  Jos.  farmer,  Osseo,    80    24 

Smith,  Mrs.  M.  R.  farming,  Osseo,    80    18 

Thayer,  Mrs.  C.  W.  farming,  Osseo,  160 

Wellman,  Eli,  blacksmith,  Osseo. 

Woodley,  J.  boot  and  shoemaker,  Osseo. 

PLYMOUTH. 


Adams,  M.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Baker.  A.  farmer,  MinneapoUs, 

Berube,  Francis,  "         Lenz, 
Berthiume,  C.  farmer,     Minneapolis, 
Brigge,  Julius,  farmer,   Minneapolis, 
Brusch,  C.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Begin,  J.  M.  farmer,       Minneapolis, 
Begin,  L.  Jr.  farmer,      Jlinneapolis, 
Boucher,  F.  farmer,         Lenz, 
Begin,  Louis  farmer,       Lenz, 
Becker,  Fred,  farmer,     Minneapolis, 
Bushnell,  Byron,  farmer,  Wayzata, 
Berube,  farmer,  Lenz, 

Cavanaugh,  P.  farmer,  Wayzata, 
Connoly,  Morris, farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 
Campbell,  J.  W.  fanner,  Parkers  Lake, 
Grecian,  J.W,  farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 
Crandbient,  E.  farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 
Clark,  Tho'pson,  farmer,Parkers  Lake, 
Clark,  C.  W.  farmer,  Parkers,  Lake, 
Daly,  K.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Daly,  W.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Devery,  Jno.  farmer,       Lenz, 
Dolan,  Keeran.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Donahue,  Jas.  farmer,    Parkers  Lake, 
Daniels,  Peter,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
DuBeau,  A.  farmer,        Lenz, 


80  17 

80  2 

280  8 
200  10 

80  10 

281  11 
80  14 
80  14 
§0  15 

295  23 

4  36 

120  83 

40  9 

80  34 

60  27 

82  28 

51  29 

32  32 

tenant  33 

33 

82  6 


100 
80 
81 


80  21 
40  10 
80     16 


P.  o. 
Donahue,  Jas.  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Day,  J.  W.,  farmer,         Parkers  Lake 
Dumstrey,  E.  farmer,      Wayzata, 
Donahue,  John,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Eagan,  Mary,  farmer,      Lenz, 
Ernst,  Joseph,  farmer, 
Ecker,  F.  W.  farmer, 
Eagan,  Carey,  farmer, 
Eagan,  John,  farmer, 
Eagan,  W.  farmer, 
Fornier,  W.  farmer, 
Feitzer,  .John,  farmer, 
Feitzer,  Henry,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Faber,  Nich.  farmer,       MinneapoUs 
Farrington,  C.  W.  far. 
Frost,  Benjamin,  far. 
Foster,  J.  W.  farmer. 
Fleer,  H.  clergyman. 


Parkers  Lake, 

Parkers    Lake, 

Lenz, 

Lenz, 

Lenz, 

Lenz, 

Lenz, 


Minneapolis, 
Minneapolis, 
Parker's  Lake, 
Parker's  Lake. 


A.  s. 

142  9 

40  22 

194  32 

80  9 

SO  6 

200  22 

160  27 


Gleeson,  James,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Gaffy,  Ann,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Gaflfy,  Pat.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Gorham,  G.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Glatz,  M.  farmer,  Parker's  Lake, 

Gorham,  F.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Gorham,  David,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Ciarvin,  Thomas,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Ilemrich,  John,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hatcher,  Frank,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Ilamel,  N.  farmer,  Lenz, 

Hughes,  C.  W.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hughes,  James,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hughes,  Frank,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hughes,  Thos.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hughes,  Henry,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Ileidlebergli,  A.  "  Lenz, 
Hughes,  Edward,  "  Lenz, 
Howe,  J.  H.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hilger,  Peter,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Hoppenroth,  C.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Huar,  O.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Hughes,  Jno.  W.  farmer,  Lenz, 
Hughes,  E.  C.  farmer,    Parker's  Lake, 
Hughes,  T.  Jr.  farmer,    Lenz, 
Hughes,  W.  T.  farmer,  IjCUZ, 
Hughes,  C.  W.  Lenz. 

Jordan,  J.  IL  farmer,  Lenz, 
Jamme,  Joseph,  farmer,  Lenz, 
Jordan,  Addrew,    "        Lenz, 


80 


76  8 

80  15 

80  15 

346  22 

160  15 

40  36 

48  32 

80  4 

120  6 

6 

120  7 

60  31 

200  17 

180  18 

80  8 

122  2 

100  18 

131  18 

80  16 

140  18 

100  18 

138  19 

80  19 

80  20 


20 


107 

168 

40  36 

80  4 

116  14 

27  19 

40  21 

40  18 

40  18 

40  17 

80  17 

115  18 


S»4 


inSTOIiY  OF  HENNEPIN  COUNTY. 


Janline,  A.ii.  lilarkMiii 

li. 

Ia-ut. 

33 

K(4iImi.  LpwU.  former. 

Minnea|><>lis. 

m 

11 

Parker's  Lake. 

80 

19 

■.  inner. 

Miniip.ijNilis. 

US 

24 

ink.  fHrmor. 

Wayrjila. 

239 

29 

■"     '  ■  !"s  Kake. 

SO 

29 

■  r.s  Kake. 

Hit 

30 

•r*.  (i.  rnrmr'r. 

I'arker'H  l^ake. 

80 

21 

'    \.  fanner. 

Minnea|Mi1is. 

122 

25 

1                 i'  farmer. 

Miiiiiea|Hilis. 

40 

30 

I.iilx .  It-tvul.  fanner. 

.Miniii'a|N>lir«. 

n.s 

30 

I   .1  .    M   <anu<r. 

Miiinea|Ni|is, 

40 

30 

"i.  fanner. 

Miniiea|Mili8, 

80 

10 

.MiiMieajHili.K. 

80 

12 

I'arkirs  I,;ike. 

120 

28 

ll.ii.r»nn°r 

.  I'arkerV  ]..ake. 

40 

28 

M.  fanner. 

I'arker's  I,nke. 

80 

34 

Itiil   fanner 

.  I'arkers  I^ike. 

SO 

34 

Minnea|H)liN, 

240 

27 

1>III7. 

80 

Ot> 

.\.  farmer. 

I'arkern  Lake. 

8 

28 

.Mniniii|nilis, 

80 

25 

iimer. 

Minnea|Nilis, 

1(H» 

14 

'n  ■■     .liMfili,  fMrtner. 

Miiinea|Milif(, 

72 

15 

'    '  .nncT. 

Minnea|Milis. 

no 

»>o 

11 

I'arker's  Lake. 

40 

27 

1  r . 

I'arker'h  Ijike, 

.S3 

28 

iii-l. 

ri>ni(Mitli. 

80 

32 

inner. 

lA-nr. 

1.S4 

4 

!    . 

•j(  II 1 

/ 

JIT 

II 

M.  farmer. 

I'arkerii  Ijike, 

M 

28 

'  <•,  („r 

I'aiker'd  Like, 

120 

28 

'•4  liner. 

.MInnea|MiliH, 

80 

13 

l;.-i     .11;                        1. 

M<iMlle<ll<., 

■M 

1     .      .         ■ 

1  .  .., 

m 

7 

40 

1) 

■  ^ 

UMI 

11 

!^, 

1<M) 

II 

■  r. 

MhineA|Killii, 

8(1 

12 

••         alM.llB. 

13 
17 
21 

!  »  I-iike. 

80 

f  ike, 

120 

21 

', 

07 

24 

!«  I.,tike, 

])MI 

28 

■  1  11  Ijike. 

J  48 

30 

IL»Jiii</    W  ni   (annn, 

W«)  mU, 

40 

31 

r.  o. 
Ryan.  Win.  farmer.         A\'ayzata, 
Ryan,  .James,  faiunr,      A\'ay/.ata, 
R<Hli)pr,  A.  farmer,         AVayzata, 
iSclnilze.  .Tolm.  fanner,    Lenz, 
Sclinlze.  liolit  fanner.     Lenz, 
Scliniidt,  Wm.  farmer,    Lenz, 
Sdlni-iilt.  Carl. farmer,    Lenz. 
SantlliofT.  Wm.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Smitli.  llenrv,  fainier.    I^Jinneapoli.s, 
Selilltz  Wm.  fanner.       Minneapolis, 
Sclilitz.  Herbert,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Sjuidlioff.  II.  A.  stock  raiser. 

.Minneapolis, 
.Saiidlioff.  A.  farmer,       Minneapolis, 
Sclimit/.,  I'eU'r,  farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 
Sclierer.  .Simon,  fanner,  Lenz, 
Sclimitz.  I)ennis,farmer,Lenz, 
.Si'limidt,  Anton.farmer,  Lenz, 
Sehmitz.  Ilenry.farmer,  Lenz,  • 
Scott,  n.  II.  farmer,        Jlinneapolis. 
Swipgart,  ("liris,  fanner,  A\'ayzata, 
.Scjiiebe,  Carl,  hotel,        Minneapolis, 
Smith.  II.  .M.  farmer.      Minneapolis, 
S<-hmidl.l".II.I!.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Smith,  (J.  C.  farmer,       Parkers  Lake, 
SandholT.  II.  A.  ma.son,  Minneapolis, 
Thies,  .1.  1*.  farmer,        Minneapolis, 
Tliies,  II,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Trittlewitz,  C,  fanner,    Lenz, 
Thompson,  A,  farmer,    Parkere  Lake 
Weeks,  S.  ('.  fanner,        Minneapolis. 
Wyendt.  ,M,  farmer,        .Minneapolis, 
Witzman,  .lohn,  farmer, Minneapolis, 
Welsh.  IJarney,  farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 
Winnen,  P.  .1,  farmer,     Parker.s  Lake, 
\Virth,  T.  farmer,  Parkers  Lake, 

Waters,  K.  .1.  engineer,  Wayzata, 

IIICIII'IKI.I). 

Alidei-soii,  Otto,  farmer.  Hichlield, 
Jlootli.  .J,  E.  Ilorisl,         Minnehalia, 
Hrowii.  . I.  W.  fanner,      Hichlield, 
Hiiwli,  !•',  gardener,  ISichlield, 

liniwn,  II.  I",  fanner.      Minneapolis, 
l»anmg!irtner,.I.  fanner.  Richlield, 
Haird.  (J.  W.  fanner,      .Minneapolis, 
Ihitterlleld,  F.  fanner,    Minneapolis, 
lhill,.l.  A.  fanner,  Miinieaiiolis, 

Itainl,  J,  W,  miller,        Riclilield. 


A. 

80 

8(1 

<)3 

22.) 

,S(1 

120 

•SO 

liui 

320 
4(1 
80 

285 
KiO 
80 
45 
1.39 
80 
8(1 

70 

•3(i0 

80 

311 

176 

95 

10 
80 
95 

194 
80 
GO 
70 
33 

120 


10 
3 

80 

10 
159 

82 
120 

158 


s. 

34 

34 

31 

4 

5 

9 

11 

10 

11 

12 
12 

13 
12 
18 
16 
19 
20 
20 

31 
36 
36 
11 
26 
13 
3 
3 
20 
29 


26 
27 
31 
32 
33 


18 
14 
15 
18 
25 
18 
33 
18 


TOWNSHIP  BIBECTOBIES. 


695 


p.  o. 
Baird,  J.  A.  miller,  Riclifleld. 

Bush,  Fredeiick,  f'mer,  Riclifleld, 
Cressey,  M.  G.  school  teacher, 

Kichfleld, 
Crailv,  Andi-ew,  miller  and  farmer, 

Eichfield, 
Clark,  C.  revenue  officer,  Minneapolis, 
Copley,  Mary,  farmer,      Ilopldns, 
Code,  John,  farmer,         Richfield, 
Code,  Geo.  farmer,  ISIinneapoUs, 

Couillard,  E.  A.  farmer,  Richfield, 
Cummings,  G.  W.  f'mer,  Minnehaha, 
Christian,  Peter,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Cassin,  David,  farmer,    Richfield, 
Carey,  John,  farmer,       Richfield, 
Carey,  E.  farmer,  ^Minneapolis, 

Couillard,  C.  farmer,  Richfield, 
Chase,  C.  C.  Richfield, 

Da\is,  William,  farmer,  Eichfield, 
Duggan,  John, farmer,  Richfield, 
Duggan,  Wm.  farmer,  Eichfield, 
Davis,  F.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Davis,  B.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Delauey.  ^lich.  farmer,  Richfield, 
Davis,  W.  farmer,  Muineapolis, 

Darcy,  E.  farmer,  Miimeapolis, 

Ewing,  W.  M.  wagon  maker, 

Minneapolis, 
Fitch,  D.  S.  farmer,         Richfield, 
Fogarty,  Pat,  farmer,      MimieapoUs, 
Fogarty,  W.  &  T.  farm'r  ^linueapoUs, 
rortwingler,-G.  farmer,  MinneapoUs, 
Fitzsimmons,  W.  farm'r,  Miimeapolis, 
Gilman,  J.  F.  farmer.      Eichfield, 
Graham  Eliz.  farmer,      Eichfield, 
Gleeson,  M.  farmer,         Mumeapolis, 
Gjertsen,  G.  J.  farmer,    Minnehaha, 
Gilmore,  J.  F.  gardener,  Richfield, 
Gibli,  C.  gardener,  Richfield, 

Hanscom,  B.  F.  farmer,   Richfield, 
Hoag,  Charles,  farmer,    Minneapolis, 
Holman,  L.  II.  farmer,   Richfield, 
Heiss,  F.  J.  farmer,         Riclifield, 
Holman,  L.  farmer,        Eichfield, 
Heiss,  F.  J.  farmer,        Eichfield, 
Hall,  A.  N.  farmer,        Eichfield, 
Hohag,  C.  A.  fanner,      Miimeapolis, 
Hubbard,  O.  conductor,  M.  &  St.  Paul, 
.  Minneapolis, 


A. 


S. 


15  15 

10  15 

160  18 

80  15 

80  31 

40  32 

200  19 

114  20 

33  19 
371  36 
120  18 

94  8 

40  6 

160  34 

20  15 

160  18 

105  4 

126  4 

115  5 
80  5 

200  31 

160  18 

214  5 

18 

145  28 

80  30 

206  8 

267  31 

60  6 

80  21 
230  27 
253  6 

81  24 
2  15 

10  16 

100  14 

125  22 

32  33 

80  19 

62  21 

19 

72  22 

34  30 
farmer, 
200  28  i 


Miimeapolis, 
Miimeapolis, 


p.  o, 
Hh-t,  John,  fanner,  Minnehaha, 

Haeg,  Charles,  farmer,    Minnehaha, 
Hausler,  Mary,  farmer,  Richfield, 
Hayward,  Jesse,  florist,    Minnehaha, 
Humphrey,  L.L.  fanner,  Richfield, 
Hall,  E.  T.  farmer,  Richfield, 

Hopkins,  M.  M.  farmer,  Riclifield, 
HaUenback,  F.H.  far'er,  Fort  Snelliiig, 
Hawkes,  J.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Irwin,  G.  "VV.  farmer,      Richfield, 
Irwin,  E.  F.  farmer,        Riclifield, 
Johnson  Peter,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Kyte,  John,  farmer,        Minneapolis, 
King,  E.  E.  farmer,        Minneapolis, 
Kiesel,  Leo.  farmer,        Richfield, 
Lane,  W.  II.  farmer, 
Lyons,  AV.  farmer, 
Lucas,  Harmon,  farmer,  Richfield, 
Larson,  L.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 

Mosier,  I.  H.  fanner,      Eichfield, 
Millam,  Geo.  miller,        Minneapolis, 
Maloney,  M.  F.  farmer,  Hopkins, 
Makowsky,  J.  Jr.  f'mer,  Hopkins, 
Manton,  J.  R.  clergym"n,  Richfield, 
McGrath,  Pat.  farmer,    MumeapoUs, 
Murphy,  W.  farmer, 
McCauley,  D.  farmer, 
Moiiarty,  T.  farmer, 
Moriarty,  T.  L.  farmer, 
McCabe,  M.  farmer, 
Nusser,  John,  farmer, 
Odell,  Geo.  farmer, 
Odell,  Howard  C.  with  L.  Day  &  Sons, 
Minneapolis. 
Page,  T.  blacksmith, 
Pratt,  J.  J.  farmer, 
Pahl,  Frank,  farmer. 
Place,  D.  N.  farmer, 
Peters,  Thomas,  hotel. 


Minneapolis, 

Minneapolis, 

^Minneapolis, 

Minneapolis, 

Richfield, 

Fort  SnelUng, 

Richfield, 


Riclifield, 
Richfield, 
Fort  SnelUng, 
Minneapolis, 
Minnehaha. 


Richardson,  J.  X.  merchant,  Richfield, 


Ryan,  Pat.  farmer, 
Ray,  T.  J.  farmer, 
Roberts,  J.  A.  farmer, 
Ryan,  James,  farmer. 
Scales,  E.  A.  farmer, 
Schulz,  Henry,  farmer, 
Self,  Thomas,  farmer. 
Sly,  F.  farmer. 
Sly,  Gilbert,  farmer. 


Minneapolis, 

Minneapolis, 

Richfield, 

^Miimeapolis, 

Minnehaha, 

Hopkins, 

Hopkins, 

Richfield, 

Richfield, 


A.  S. 

113  25 

312  25 

160  25 
18 

100  28 

80  35 

160  30 

40  36 

120  29 

160  30 

141  33 

6  18 

316  31 

162  29 

220  32 

120  20 

120  22 

22 

4J  28 

40  16 

42  18 

160  30 

200  30 

46  28 

160  30 

80  8 

249  6 

80  31 

100  32 

240  32 

40  31 

96  27 


10  22 

115  22 

160  31 

220  28 

15 

80  32 

80  35 

36  30 

91  30 

S  13 

160  29 

120  29 

160  19 

19 


Wf»nri.<. 


HISTORY  OF  HESyEPlN  COUNTY. 


Ktnllli.  J.  I..  farmiT. 


T\-»t\  «'.  Mrn.  fanner. 
U  ili.it.  II.  K.  rnniuT. 
«  iitfl.t.  K.  A.  f«miiT. 

\\...t   .1.  I 

\  aiir\.  B.  C  l«niipr. 


p.  o. 

,1 

■•. l-'l'--. 

MiniM'liaha. 

!  -'H-llillR. 

.  1.1. 

MiiineH|M>UH. 


.Miiiiii-niMiliN. 
Uiiliiicld. 
Fort  Snplliiijr. 


Mitiiic.'ilMiliit. 


NT.  ANTHONY. 

Uiirc.  Adwii.  (mm\  «I"J  iinrwn. 

Mitiiicji|MiliK. 

IW-ltnii  T  fntitirr.  MiniH'ai><)lis. 

,Miiin<'a)">li^. 

; i.iniiir.  Miiiiica|H>lis. 

Millll<'A|><)liH. 


Joliii.  (anniT 


Hill,  fanner.    Minni-a|xiliH, 
•  •iiii.i.ii).  I    J.  fHmii-t  and  teaniMi-r. 
Mi!ini-a|Hili>. 
(•n>ljain.  W ■  (Miiner,        .Miitii<'a|>.ilis. 
<.     ' '    '-    ••ti-»ir.  Miiiiii-aiHili.". 

'  II.  fimncr.    MinncaiMilix, 

(aniifi.  Minnca|KiliK, 


so  81 

HO  86 

73  .SI 

ItMt  7 
14 

IJd  14 

S(i  2(" 

i;io  32 

ia»  27 

lOil  31 


5 

2S 

2H 


3 
IK 
1(1     11 
ItiO       7 

4 

•.'2ii 

.'17 

K(l 


SO 
12.5 

(IS 


2« 
40 


12 

o 

30 

1 


10  I 
•M\     10 

r,    10 

11  1 
1 


r.  o. 

I Ifssliiirp.r.stofk  farm.  Minneapolis, 
lliljrfdick,  K.  farm  and  dairy. 

Minneapolis, 
IiiRcnlinett.  W.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
KaniplT.  Lonis.  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
Kletzin.  M.  F.  gardener,  Minneapolis. 
I><'\v)s.  V.  laborer.  Minneapolis, 

McCarty.  O.  farmer.  ^linneapolis. 
Monlton.  T.  farmer.  Minneapolis, 
Miwre,  L.  farmer.  Minneapolis, 

Moore,  D.  I),  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
O'Hrien.  Dennis,  fmer.  Minneaiiolis, 
()l>erlies..Joliii.earpenter.Minneai>olis, 
Nathan,  il.  farmer,  :Miinieapolis, 
I'arker,  Y>.  <'.  bookkpr.  Miinieapolis.1 
I'liilbrook.  \\.  H.  farmer.  .Minneapolis, 
I'liillips,  X.  O.  farmer,  Minneaiiolis, 
I'ieiTO,  M.  gardner,  Mnuieapolis, 

Smiley,  A.  farm  and  dairy. 

]\Iinneapolis. 
Swalin.  .1.  (i.  poller,  Minneaiiolis, 
Swanson,  C".  J.  brick  mannfaelurer, 

Minneapolis. 
Tliiry.  Frank,  farmer,  Minneapolis, 
rpliaiii.  F.  .M.  l"t  It ili/.ing  Company, 

Minneapolis. 
Weeks.  A.  II.  mason  and  farmer. 

Minneapolis, 
Wliile.  L.  I),  gardener,  Minneapolis, 
Wardswoilli,  (J.  IJ.  far'r,  Minneapolis, 


A.      s. 
23     11 

114       2 

66      3 

88     11 

30     12 

10 

10     12 

28     12 

5     12 

6 

95     11 


2 

bO 

96 
76 


10 

6 

6 
6 


20     11 


20 
4 


6 
10 


160    6-7 


35     12 

5     12 

2(1     11 


INDEX. 


697 


INDEX 


EXPLOREES   AND   PIONEERS   OF   MINNESOTA. 


PAGE 

Abraham.  Plains  of I 

Accaiilt  (Ako)  Michael,  compan- 
1(111  of  Hennepin.  10. 1-.2U, 2 1, 24,    26 

Desciibed  1)V  La  Salle.. 18 

Leader  of  Mississippi  Explo- 
rations     19 

Aelili;ana(;a  aricsted  by  Penot. .    12 
Tried  for  murder  before  Du 

Lutli n 

Deaih  of ...     U 

Aiouez,  see  loways. 

Ako,  see  Accanlt. 

Alliane',    .Jesuit    missionary   at 

Sanlt  ht.  Marie U 

Allonez,  Jesuit,  missionary  visits 

La  Pointe    4 

At  Lake  Nepigon 4 

Meets  the  Siiiiix  at  the  ex- 
tremity of  Lake  Superior:       4 

Describes  the  Simix 4 

Ames,  M.  1£..  early  lawyer 122 

Anderson,  Captain  in  British  ser- 
vice     81 

Anderson,  trader  under  Dickson, 

at  Leech  Lake —    77 

Andrews,  Joseph,  killed  by  Sis- 
set  on  .Sioux 92 

Aquipaguetiii.  Sioux  cliief  m«n- 

timied  h\  Heiiuepiii 21,    27 

As^iiiebuines 2,  9.  23.  4,',  4i;,  G5 

Assiiiebnine  Kiver,  called  by  the 

Krencli  St.  Charles 59 

AuKelle,  Anihniiy,  alias   Picard 
du  Gay,  associate  of  Hennepin 

lu,  18,  2:',  24,    26 
Ayer,   Frederick,   missionary  to 

bjibways 107 

Avnes,  see  loways. 

Baker,  H.  F.,  Iii.iian  trader 112 

BhIIIv,  Alexis,  drives   cattle    to 

Pembina  93 

.Member  of  Legislature 93 

Balconibe,  St.  A.  D 127 

Baldwin  School,  now  Macalester 

Collece.  inccnpiirated 12.5 

Opened  in  June,  18.53...   125 

Balfour,  Captain 62 

Bass,  J.   W.,  early  settler  at  St. 

Paul 116 

Bear    dance  of  the    Sioux   de- 
scribed            83 

Beauharnois,  Governor,    favors 

Vereiulr.\e —   68 

Beaujeu,  nrijed  by  Langlade  of 

Wisconsin,  defeats  liraddock..    61 
Bell  in, Geiigrai'ber, notices  Ocha- 

ga'-hs'  map 87 

Alludes  to  Fort  Kinige  on  Red 

river        87 

Foit  on  St. ''roix  Uiver 112 

Beliiiizan>,  of   "Paiis"  receives 
speciiiieiis   of    Lake   Superior 

eo|iper    .     

Beltrami,  (!.  C.  notice  of  93 

Arrives  at  Fort  Si.elliim 93 

Accompanies  Majur  Long 94 

Discovers   nnitliern    sources 

of  the  .Mississippi  94 

Berthut,     Colin,    muniered     at 

Keweenaw 

Blshiip,    Harriet    E.,  establishes 

sell.. II   in  St.  I'atil        114 

Black  Kiver,  called  Chabadeba..    18 
Blue  Karlli  Kiver  explored  ...43,    47 

Snppi.sed  mines  at. 47 

Fort  mi 47 

D'Evaque  visits § 


PAGE  1  TO  128. 

PAGE 

Boal,  J.  M.,  early  settler  at  St. 

Paul llli,  118 

Bobe,  exposes  LaHontan's  mis- 
statements      36 

Bottineau,   J.   B..   exposed  in  a 

snowstorm..- 102 

Boisguillot,  early  trader  on  Wis- 
consin and  Mississippi- 32 

Boucher,  Mane,  mother  of  Ver- 

endrye 58 

Boucher,  Pierre,  described  Lake 

Superior  copper  mines    7 

tather  of  Sieur  de  Le  Per- 

riere 51 

Boncherville,    officer    at    Lake 

Pepin  53 

Goods  furnished  to  Indians..    54 

Capluiediiy  Indians 54 

Boudor,  trades' with  the  Sioux...    48 

Attacked  by  ihe  Fiixes 49 

Bougainville,    mentions    Indian 

tribesseenby  Verendrve 60 

Boutwell,  Rev.  W.  T.,  Ojibway 

missionary 106,113 

Removes  to  Stillwater ill 

Notice  of  Stillwater. 114 

Braddock's  defeat 61 

Bradley,  one  of  Pike's  corporals    76 
Bremei-.  Fredricka.  Swedish  nov- 
elist in  Minnesota 122 

Brisbin,  J.  B.     ..  127 

Brisbois.  Lieut,  in  Bfiti'-h  service    81 

Biissette.  Edward,  no  ice  of 114 

Brown,  .losepli  R..  drummer  boy 

at  Fort  Snelling  35 

Trading  post  at  Lake  Trav- 
erse    102 

Keeps  a  grog  shop  tor  soldiers  103 

At  Gi'ey  Cloud  Island 113 

Member  of  Wisconsin  Legis- 
lature   113 

Makes  a  town  site  near  Still- 
water   113 

Secretary  of  Council.  1849 119 

Bruce,  trader  at  Green  Bay..   .        63 
Briinson,     Rev.    A.,    Methodist 

Missionarv    Ill,  113 

Bruuson,  H.  W 119 

Briisky,  Charles,  Indian  trader..    77 
Bulger,    Capt.,    surrenders    Fort 

McKav  81 

Bulwer.  Sir  I''.  L.,  translation  of 

Sioux  Death  S'Uig  67 

Cadillac, La  Mutte,on  route  to  the 

Pacitic  ?6 

In  Command  at  Detiolt  ..   ..    4- 

AlluilestoLe  Sueur 48 

Alludes  to  Boiulor's  expedi- 
tion      48 

On  the  sealing  of  brandy  to 

luili.ms 16 

CaineriMi,   .\lurdock,  sells  liquor 

to  Indians         74 

Cam|ibeli.  Colin,  interpreter 92 

Carver's  Cave  mentioned. .66,  78.    84 
Carver,Capt..Ioiiathan,  early  life 

of 64 

In  battle  of  Lake  George 64 

Ar.ival  at  M  icKuiaw 64 

Desiu'ibes  the  I'm't  at  Green 

Bay     64 

Visits  Winnebago  Village 64 

Visits  Fox  Village 61 

Desciibes  I'laiiie  till  CJiieii.. .    64 
Describes  earth  works  at  Lake 

Pepin 65 

Describes  cave  atst.  Paul 68 


PAGE 

Describes.Falls  of  Sf..\nthoiiy  66 
Describes  Minnesnta  river.. .    66 

Describes  funeral  rites 67 

Reports  speech  of  Sioux  chief  67 
Speech  versified  by  Schiller..  67 
Translation    by  Buhver   and 

Herschell 67,    68 

His  al.eged   deed   for  Sioux 

laud 70 

U.  S.  Senate  rejects  his  claims  70 
Grandsons  of,  visit  Minnesota    8i 

Caumont,  Sieur  de 32 

Cliagoitaniikon  visited  by  Grosel- 

liers  and  Radissoii 2 

Charlevoix  on  La  Himtan's  fabri- 
cations       36 

On  Le  Susur's  mining  opera- 
tions     45 

Chatlield,  A.G..'rei-ritorial  Judge  125 
(!liippe  way. Indians, see  Ojibways 
Chnuart,  Medard,  see  Groselliers 

Chrisliiiaux  mentioned 43,    44 

Claik,  Lt.  Nathan,  at  Fort  Snell- 
ing     PC 

Letters  from  Gen.  Gibson...    t4 

Arrests  Sioux 98 

Coe,  Kev.Alvan,  visits  Fort  Snell- 
ing ill   1829  106 

Constans,  William 121 

Cooveution  to  form  a  State  Con- 
stitution      128 

(Jooper,  David,  Territorial  Judge.  118 
('opp  ■!•  mines  of  Lake  Superior, 

Early  Nmice  of 7 

A.  D  16  0 described  bvSagard  7 
A.D.t64  described  by  Boucher      7 

Of  isie  I'ioyal 7 

OfOutanagon 7 

Copper    sent   to    Bellinzanv,  in    ' 

I'aiis ." 7 

Copper  mines  spoken  of  by  Talon. 

A.  D.  1669  7 

Coi|u  id.   Father,    accompanies 

Verendrye 60 

Muilions    Rocky    Mountain 

Indians GO 

Eulogy  of  St.  Pierre 61 

Cratte,  Oliver 102 

Dakotahs    or    Dahkotahs,    see 

Sioux  

D'Av^igour,  Governor  of  Canada, 

0|>iiii<m  oi  the  region 

\\  est  of  Lake  superior. 1 

Day.  Dr.  David  124 

De   Curiiiere,    Lieut,    at     Lake 

Champiain  62 

De   Gonor,   Jesuit,    visits   Lake 

Pepin     51,    58 

Returns  to  Catiad  1 64 

Converses  with  Verendi'ye...    58 
De  la   iiarre.  Governor,  notices 

Du  L  ith 11 

SoioN  Perrot  to  the  Siou.x 29 

De  la  Jemeraye,  see  Jeiueraye.. 
De  la  I'our,  Jesuits  missionary..     13 
Ue  .a  Tiinrette.  Greysolon, broth- 
er of  Du  Luih       16 

De  l.ignery,  see  Lignery  ..   

De  Lnsigiiau.  visits  the  Sioux 75 

Denis,  Canadian  voyageui',  joins 

Le  Sueiir 42 

Denunville,    Governor,    attacks 

Senecas 15 

Orders  Dulutli  to  biiilda  Fort    IB 

Semis  for  w.  stern  allies 30 

Commissions  Du  Luth 32 


em 


INDEX. 


Txa* 


Itr- 


i>  I 


I> 


rort 


..lor 


» 


4C 

CI 


7« 
»l 

N» 

DO 

S» 


11 
II 
II 

II 
14 


l<i 
l« 
l« 

i; 

IT 
JH 
2lt 
« 

l|> 
112 

ll> 
l« 

» 

at 
III 

IIU 


i« 
I 

It 
II 
II 
i> 
» 


TAOK 

liti  ixil.'  ^1  r.'rt  IV'aiiliarnols.  62 

.  n  ll:iv r.3 

'..ix  VHllev,  112 
I  iilrl.  visits 

1                              A.  11    IK.'; 97 

i                    ;i;i<kc-<l  liy  Sioux.  OK 

^  V('ni:<»aiicf 99 

l.v  Mrdllft 102 

K..i  :    riHiriKfi,  ac<'o)u- 

1  Irooits    10     Kort 

..., Ill 

-  lor  ri'SPrvalioii.  91 
F.                          Isi'.stHlillKlieU.A. 

1'                      !,.•  IVplii 61  62 

f<>|ilay('dat  63 

I                            :lt ..   53,  68 

I    iiuii.iii  111  l)V  SI,  I'lerrc,  Bfl,  67 

Kon  <i:iHliiril 100 

l.a    Hiliii'.  on   rivtr  Asslnc- 

iM>ih.-  -.a,  87 

l.f*  SiH-tir,  Im-1(iw   Ha'itiiiKs.  37 

I.'IImiIIIit.iiii  liliK'I'^arlli  river  43 

lliiill  liv  1^'  Suriir       43 

I/'ll  III  rliaiKO  u[  U'Kvaque  47 

XlaiirrpaA 58 

McKav 81 

IVrrol.al  I-aki'  Pcplii 29 

ItouKcof  lli-rl  Itlver  87 

Slii-lliv.Hl  i'ralrlcduriileii,8a,  81 
Foil  Siic'flliiK.  Hlie  serurd  by  U. 

niii-  75 

Malm  Ixiiii,''.H<>|ili>liiii 80 

OnliT  111  I'slalili'-li  Ilii'  post. ..  no 

TriMip»f<ir.ai  rralni-diiOiilen  90 
Itlrili  <il  I'liarlolicOulscuDsIn 

Clark no 

Kvriilsof  A.  I>  1819 91 

Majiir  l"<in.vlli  pays  Kioiixlor 

rrsi'l\Mlhill 91 

("1.  I.iavi'iiuurlli  arrives  at 

Mi'iiiliila   91 

FliM  iilllrcrs  al  rantoiimcnt..  91 

ll<'<l  Klverineii  arrive  at  91 

Kx'llUor  A.  I).  1820 91 

Ma)>ir     Talialairo,     Indian 

Ml'f'lt!  m!               PI 

'..Id  Water  .  nl 

l.lll    ViMlS.  92 

•  •■(*d%  JA'av- 

•  ii\\.>mi                il2 

Onirii*  al.  (Iclot)cr,  I82« 92 

IntpirKslve  sreiif*  at 93 

Kvi'lll' Ml  A.  II.  1821 93 

Ailvani'i'  III  liiilUllne 93 

Kvi-iilmil  A.  I».  IK22.A.  I).I823  91 

I'lol  sleainlioat  al    93 

lli'lliaiiil,  Ihi'  ilailaii.al   .93,  94 

M.i.ii!"  II   l^iiiii  arrives  at..  91 

'                     ;  inllliiear 94 

"I  at  94 

^    I).   IH24   95 

U.  MiiilieMtsnaiiic 

95 

11.  1H25,  and  182)1,  9« 

ii  al   IN! 

ni  kills  liemelr...  .  IM 

-iMMii.  March. 1820  90 

I                           ■     '-I'll I  21.  I82<!  !I7 

Nmnirels.al  07 

.'•  to  I'loseol 

97 

97 

iK-aronsureiCol- 

117 

■: 98 

•way  clilot, 

98 

V   UK 

"UK 09 

1' llversn.ur- 

Hull            ..  H» 
lillrlseil  liy 

lUO 

ix2SpreRcli- 

IWl 

•1-  al  101 

•I 101 

■  I  nrrlvpa  kI  . .  \<ri 

'".'.  IIW.  I'A) 

I  mar  I(I3 

icr«  10.1 

.1  UK 


l» 


PAGE 

Steamer  Palmyra  at,  in  July, 
1838.  Willi  notice  of  ratillca- 

tion  of  Imllan  lieaties 112 

Indian    council    held    at   by 

Governor  liaiiisey 121 

Fort  St.  Antlionv,  now  Sncllinc..     ».'> 
St.  Charles,  on  l,ake  of  llic 

Woods 58 

St,  Joseph  on  Lake  Erie,  es- 
tablished by  Dn  Lnth 16 

St.  rierre,  on  Rainv  Lake —    68 
Fo.xes  attempt  to  Fillage   Fort 

I'eirot 30 

Interview  with  reriot 31 

Mentioned, 33.  37,  3.S.  48.  40,  r,i,     55 
Altack  French  at  Blue  Karth 

Itlver 48 

Surrenilerto  Lonvigny 60 

Visited  by  Guijjnas 52 

Franklin,  Sir.Tohn,  relics  of,  pass 

tliiou;,'ii  Si.  I'aul I2G 

Fronlenac.  Governor  of  Canada.     10 

Friend  of  Duluth 11 

Leiler  to  by  Cadillac 16 

ExpediUon  against  the  Onei- 

das IG 

Encourages  Le  Sueur 39 

Forbids     trading    with     the 

Sioux 49 

Frazer.  trader 78 

Enters  the  British  service  ...    80 
Fuller.  Jerome,  Territorial  Chief 

.lustice 123 

Furber,  J.  W 127 

Gallssonleie,  Governor  of  Cana- 
da, notice  of 59 

Galller.     Kev.     L.,     builds   first 

chapel  in  SI.  Paul 114 

Oavin,  Kev,  Daniel,  missionary,,  ill 
Gibson,  General,  letters  relative 

to  SI.  Anlliony  mill 94 

Glllani.Capl. Zacbary  of  Boston 
accompanied  bv  Groselliei's 
and  Kadisson  sails  for  Hudson's 

Bay  in  ship  Nonesuch 5 

Gooiihne,  James  M,,  first  Minne- 

sola  editor 117 

Death  of 124 

Goodrich,     Aaron,     Territorial 

Judge 118 

Bcmoval  of 123 

Gorman,  Willis  A.  Governor 126 

tiorrell,  Lieut,  at  Green  Hay 02 

Graliain. Duncan,  in  British  ser- 
vice    81 

Arrives  at  Fort  Snelling lOo 

.lani',   daughter   of    Duncan 

married 102 

Grant,  trailer  at  Sandy  Lake  vis- 
ited by  Pike 77 

Gravier,  Father  James,  criticises 

lleiiniplii 28 

Greelev,  Flam 109 

Gridin,  La  Sallc'sship 10 

\oyage  to  (ireen  Bay 19 

Crew    pillage  and    (fesert  to 

II  c  Sionx  10 

Grignon,  Cainaiu  In  British  ser- 
vice  78,    81 

Groselllers,  Sleur,  early  life,,..l,     6 

Marriage 1 

Son  of  2,     6 

Second  marriage 2 

\'lslts  Ml  lie  Lacs  region 2 

Is  told  of  the  Mississippi...  ,      :> 

Mei'ts  the  Assincbuines 2 

Ki'lurns  l<i  Monlreal  in  lOiM..      '2 
Second  \lsii  to  Lake  Sniierior     2 

Visits  Iliiilsiins  Hay 4 

Name  given  to  what  Is  now 

Pigeon  Itlver 6 

VIsUs  New  England  0 

Paris    6 

Ixindon 6 

Knconraged  by  Piinec  Kupert     B 
Sails  for  Ilnilsoirs  Bay  with 

a  lloslon  sea  ca|italii 6 

Kilenedlo  by  Talon 6 

Death  of o 

Onlgnas,  Father,  mi.ssionary  at 

Fort  lleauharnols  BI 

Descrllies   Journey   to   Lake 

Pepin 62 

Fori  Ileauliaruois 63 


INDEX. 


699 


Guicnas,  Father,  page 

Captured  by  Indians 5-1 

Nearly  burned  alive 55 

Ketur'ns  to  Lake  Tepin 56 

Gun,  grandson  o£  Carver 82 

Hainault,  Elizabeth 2 

Madeline 2 

Hall,     Rev.   Sherman    OJibway 

missionary 107 

Moves  to  Sank  Kapids ill 

Havner,  H.  Z.,  Chief  Justice  of 

Territory  124 

Hempstead  accompanies  Major 

Lour.  A.  D.  1817 82 

Hennepin  Louis,  Franciscan  mis- 
sionary, early  life  of 19 

Hate"  of  his  first  bool? 18,    19 

Criticism  of  first  book 1!) 

Depreciate?  .lesuits 18 

Meets  a  Siou\  war  party 19 

At   the   marsli   below   Saint 

Paul 19,20    22 

At  Falls  of  St.  Anthony 

16,  22,  24,     25 

Denounced  by  La  Salle 19 

Chaplain  of  La  Salle 20 

His  false  map 20 

At  Lake  Pepm ...    22 

Makes  a  dictionary 23 

Baptizes  an  infant 2.3 

Met  by  Dn  Lntb 25 

Career CLi  return  to  Europe..    25 
His   first   and    second   book 

compared 26 

Replies  to  (diicctors 27 

Criticised  by  D'lberville 2S 

Criticised  by  Father  Gravier    28 

His  later  da\  s  28 

Opinion  of  Jesuit  Missions...  106 

Henniss  C.  J.  editor - ..  122 

Hcr.schell,   Sir  John,   trau.slates 

Si'liiller's  song  of  Si  >ux  Chief. .     68 
Historical    Society,    first    public 

meeting 119 

Hoiiart,  Kev.C  119 

Holcomb.  C;ipt.  William 110 

Hole-in-the-Day,  the  father,  at- 
tack" the  Sioiix . .  103 

Visits  Fort  Snellingin  1828...  103 

Attacked  bv  Sioux  103 

Visits  FortSueliing  in  1839...  103 

Pursued  by  the  Sioux 103 

Hole-in -the-Dav,  Junior,  attaclcs 

Sioux  nnar  St  Paul  ...  121 

On    first     steamboat    above 

Falls  of  St.  Anthuny 121 

Howe,  early  settler  at  Slarine ...  113 
Hudson's  Bay  visitedjiy  Grosell- 

iers 4,     5 

By  Radisson 5 

By  Capt.  Zacbary  GiUam 6 

Huggins,  Alexander,  mission  far- 
mer  107 

Huions  driven  to  Minnesota 2 

Dwell  with  lovvays 2 

Live  on  Isle  of  the  Mississippi      2 
Remove  to  sources  of  Black 

River 2 

Unite   with   Oitawas   at   La 

Pointe 4 

At  War  with  the  Sioux  4 

Disas(rous  defeat    4 

Retreat  to  Mackinaw    4 

Indiana  Territnrv,  organized 73 

Indians   of    Mississippi    Valley, 
earliest  comniumcaiion  about.    46 
Lpper  Missouri, seen  by  Ver- 

endrye  60 

Minnes'ita 104 

loways.  visited  bvHurons 2 

Visit  I'errot  at  Lake  Pepin.  .    29 

Mentione  I 39,  42.43,44,    45 

Iroquois,    Virgin,    her  interces- 
sion sought  by  DiPLuth  ... —     17 
Isle,  Pelee,  of  the  Mississippi  be- 
low St.  Croix  River  37 

Isle  Royal.copper  in  1667,  noticed     7 

Itasca,  oriuin  (if  word 107 

Jacksim.  Henry,  early  settler  in 

St.  Paul 114,  115 

Jerneraje,  Sieur  de  la,  with  the 

Sioux  56 

Nephew  of  Verendrye 58 

Explores  to  Rainy  i,ake...68,    59 
Prepares  a  map 58 


48 
49 
113 

59 

114 


54 


P.VGE 

Death  of .59 

Jesuit,  Father  Allouez 4 

Chardon  52 

De  Conor 61 

De  la  Chasse 51 

(iuigUilS     51, .54, 55,     56 

Guvinoneau  51 

Marquette — 5 

Menard 2,      3 

Messayer 58 

Jesuit  missions  itnsuccessfnl.  ...  106 
Jesuit  missionaries  promised  the 

Sioux  51 

Johnscui,  Parsons  If 119 

Jonfptiere,  Governor  of  Canada.    60 

Fort  established 60 

Juclierean  at  the  mouth  of  the 

Wisconsin  

Conciliates  the  Foxes 

.TikUI,  early  seitler  at  Marine.. . 
Kalm,  Professor,  notices  Veren- 
drye  

Kaposia   Chief  requests  a  mis 

siouary 

Keel  boats  from    Fort  Snelling 

attacked 99,  100 

Keunerman,  Pike's  sergeant 76 

Kertk.  see  Kirk 

Kickapoos,  at  Fort  Perrot 30 

Mention  of 40,46,64,    55 

Capture  French   from  Lake 

Pepin 

King,  grandson  of  Carver 

Kirk.  Sir  David  Kirk,  brother-in 

law  of  Radisson 1 

Lac  Vienx  Desert.      3 

La  Hontan.  his  early  life  35 

Book  of  travels 35 

Arrives  at  Fort  St.  Joseph,  on 

Lake  Erie 35 

Ascent  of  the  Fox  River 35 

Descends  the  Wisconsin  River    35 
Alleged  voyage  of  the  Long 

River 36 

Pronounced  a  fabrication,  in 

1716.  by  Bobe  36 

Criticised  b  /  Charlevoix 36 

Noticed  by  Nicollet 36 

Laidlow  travels  from  Selkirk  set- 
tlement to  Prairie  du  Gliien 91 

Brings  wheat  by  boat  to  Pem- 
bina      91 

At  Fort  Snelling 33 

Lac  qui  Parle  mission 109 

Lake  Calhoun,  Indian  farm  es- 
tablished       106 

Lake  Harriet,  mission  described    109 
Lake  I'epin,  called  Lake  of  Tears 

Described  in  A.  D.  ITOU 41 

Fort  Periot  at 29 

Fort  Beaiiharnois  at 63 

Lake  of  the  Ottawas 3 

Lake  Pokegnma  Mission 109 

Battle  at 109 

La  iMoinle,  a  voyagenr 10 

Landsin^,  trader,  killed 63 

Lambert.  David,  early  settler  in 

St.  l^aul ' 

Lambert.  Henry  A.,  early  settler 

in  St.  Paul      

Langlade,  of  Green   Bay,  urges 

attack  of  Brandock 61 

Near  Lake  George 62 

La  Pen  iere,  sieur  de,  proceeds  to 

Sioux  country  31 

Son  of  Piei're  Bonelier 61 

Arrives  at  Lake  Pepin- 52 

Builds  Fort  Beauharnois. .  ..    52 
His  brother.  Montbrun,  cap- 
tured by  Indians 53 

La  Place, a  French  deserter  killed 

by  the  Sioux 42 

La  Porte,  see  Lonvigny. 
La  Potherie  describes  Fort  Per- 
rot, at  I^ake  Pepin 29 

Larpenteur,  A.,  early  settler  at 

St.  Paul    116 

La  Salle  licensed  to  trade  in  buf- 
falo robes    10 

Builds  ship  Grifiin 10 

His  crew  desert 10 

Criticises  Du  Liitll 10,     18 

His  Pilot  attempts  to  join  Du- 
luth 10 


118 
119 


P.4GE 

First  to  describe  ITpper  Mis- 
sissippi     18 

Describes  F'alls  of  Saint  An- 
thony      19 

Poor  opinion  of  Hennepin.  ..    19 
La  Taiipiue,  see  Moreau. 
Laurence,  Phineas,  pioneer  in  St. 

Croix  Valley 113 

Leach,  Calvin,  a  founder  of  Still- 
water   113 

Lead  niine.%  on  Mississippi  33 

Described  by  Penicaut 34 

Leavenworth.  Colonel,  establish 

es  FortSueliing 90 

Arrival  at  Mendota.  91 

Changes  his  cantonment 91 

Relievod  by  Snelling 92 

Le  Due,  Pliilip,  robbed  near  nor- 
thern b»undary  of  Minnesota. .    61 
Legardeur,  Augustine,  associate 

of  Perrot 32 

See  St.  Pierre. 
Legisl  iture.     First     Territorial, 

meets  Jan.,  1849,  officers  of 119 

Second     Territorial,     meets 

Jan..  1850.  officers  of 122 

Third  Territorial,  meets  Jan., 

1852,  officers  of 124 

Foui  til  Territorial, meets  Jan. 

1853.  othcers  of  124 

Filth  Territorial,  meets  Jan., 

18.54  ofiicersof 126 

Sixth  Territorial,  meets  Jan., 

1855,  otlicers  of 126 

SevenUi    Territorial,    meets 

Jan.,  I8.16,  ollicers  of 127 

Eighlh     Territorial,     meets 

Jan..  1857,  officers  of 127 

Special  Territorial,  1857, 127 

First  State 128 

Leslie.  Lt.,  command  at  Macki- 
naw   62 

L'Hnillier,  Fort,  why  named 43 

Le  Maire,  Jacques,  killed  by  In- 
dians    11 

Le  Suenr,  associated  with  Perrot  32 

builds  a  Fort  below  Hastings  32 

A  relative  of  D'lherville  ..37,  39 
At  Lake  Pepin  in  1683  and 

1689 37,  40 

At  La  Pointe  of  Lake  Super- 
ior, 1692 37 

Builds  a  Post  below  Hastings  37 
Brings   first    Sioux   chief   to 

.Montreal  37,  83 

Visits  France  38 

Encouraged  by  Frontenac...  39 

Arrives  in  Gulf  of  Mexico...  '.a 

Ascendslhe  .Missisvippi 39 

Passes  Perrcit's  lead  mines...  40 

Meets  destitute  Canadians...  40 

At  the  River  St.  Croix 42 

Builds  Fort  L'Hnillier 43 

Holds   a   council    with    the 

Siciux 44 

Returns  to  Gulf  of  Mexico  45,  74 
Sails    wilh     D'lberville      to 

France 45,  74 

c-iibbev,  ■Washington,  pioneer  at 

St.  Croix  Falls 113 

Lignery,  commands  at  Mackinaw  60 

At  Fort  Duquesue 61 

Linctot,  commander  at  Macki- 
naw    51 

Pursues  th '  Foxes  53 

Little  Cniw,  Sioux  chief  goes  in 

18J4  to  Washington 95 

Long,  Major  Steplieu  H.,  tour  to 

Falls  of  St.  Antliony,  A.  D  1817  82 

At  Wapasbaw  village 82 

Describes  Sioux  bear  dance . .  83 

Burial  place 83 

Kaposia  village (■e 

Carver's  cave  84 

Fountain  cave  84 

St.  Anthony  Falls 85 

Opinion  of   the  site  of  Fort 

Snelling 86 

Arrives  at  F^ort  Snelling,  A. 

I).  1823  94 

Looniis,  Capt.  Gustavus    A.,  U. 

S.  A 108 

Eliza  marries  Lieut.  Ogden..  lOj 


700 


INDEX. 


I 


M»< 


rAOK 


M 
M 

1/T 


..   IU(! 
r..  «fl.    (A 

46 

<iin  St  SI. 

in 


R7 


V 


Mtnlitll.llon   M    II 

M. 

M" 


,.r  of  HI  Hi- 


ll* 


ICQ 
IH 


a 


Si.il  "I 

Ki*oo;niiziMl  as  h  Slate  — 
Mil.ti.n.    AU'xaiHliT   M..    U 

M 


l.;,kr 


rAGK 

ir^iMcc  aRalnft 115 

i-s  iir4»posi**l 115 

,1  Silllwator 115 

/.-d  11" 

118 

iiurc 118 

•  ^  orcaiiizt'd 119 

120 

..  128 
S. 

1    118 

Lilc  for  Congress 125 

Ipsull  6,  IG.  100 

-  ;il  Ions,  Mackinaw 10« 

111.-    107 

,  Lake 107 

.«  I.;ike 107 

llaniel 108 

l.;i.   .|iM  ip.irle 109,  111 

roki'Knnia  109 

Ka|>o>l.i  Ill 

Trrivirse  dc  Sioux Ill 

iv  Ill 

lye Ill 

MllB   Ill 

\l;s.i.  i,:iili-«.    Hev.   Alvan   Coe, 

vMl-  I'ori  Siielling 107 

riediTlck  Aver 107 

W.  T.  lI.MiUvell        107 

I  .  r.  Klv.deachcr) l«9 

Mr.  Ueiitoii Ill 

Sll.ilnali  Hall 107 

Ihiiiirl  i;avln Ill 

.I..I.II  K   Alton HI 

ItMl.irl  IIo|iklns  Ill 

i;iil II.  I'ou    107 

S:ilciMi-    W    I'ond 107 

.1    \V.  ll;ini'OCll Ill 

-I.  I>.  st.-vfiis 107 

S  I!.  ltii:i.'« Ill 

T  S  Wllllaiiisnn  M-  D 107 

M    N.  Adani« Ill 

VnitiiTiin.    In    reiiiriiliie    from 


I 


■  pin.  ea|illlivd 

-   Maii|iiis,  dls[>ateli  to 

il        

'I-  oerHl-llealll  of. 

Willi  l)u  l.nlli  at 


William,  old  trader  7.'. 
.  i.ry    1,.,    V.  S.  Iilstiicl 

loiix  «ec  Sloiix.. 
•  niaii  found  dead  near 


9 
lU 

87 

118 


113 

87 


Nrpliioii,  I. ike.  Veiendrye  al  ... 

NfIm.    Ilev.    Kdward    !>..    olTeis 

I     .     I  .ii  npenliiK  ol  flrst  leKis- 

119 

.•  i«  o|ieitliiK  addreKH  of 

Hi-l"ileHl  SiH'iely  119 

NpKa|iii|H'r  nmt  In  St.  I'lllil,  llin 


ri"iie-"-r 


\^ 

X..1 

N.,.^„. 

Nol1liMr« 


.117,  118 

■     •         •'■r 118 

•le 118 

NIer.  118 

no 

122 

122 

1  <!..  .-       I2J 

r^t  nunc  trader 

1 

adionoiner  and 

102 

^1. Anthony  Fallii  lie 
iiri  de,  al  Lake 

00 

VM 

122.  128 

roinpanv      trsdlnK 

73 

...  ..,  i...(i(l||,u,     ...  7.1 

73 


t.  re-oecu- 
.  dllhclicnd 


>>ii  II  apfor  Vc- 
.  idler 


^1,31,    .17 
.31,    32 


PAGE 

Chief  of.   with   Le  Sueur  at 

Montii-al 37 

In  council  with  Sioux 94 

Killed  near  Fort  Snelllng,  A- 

1)..  I82C 97 

Visit  Koit,  A- D-,  1827 

Trcaclierv  of 103 

Conllici  with  Sioux  near  Fort 

Snellint; 103 

Karly  residence  of 105 

Sioiik  name  tor 105 

I'linelpul  villaj,'es  of.  HB 

t)f  Lake  rokeguma  attacked  110 

Attack  at  Kaposia  Slonx Ill 

'lieatv  of  is:i7 112 

Attack  Sioux  near  St.  I'aiil...  121 
I'asrengers   on    liist    steam- 
liiiat  above  Falls  of  Saint 

.Viithony 121 

Atlaek  Sioux  in  St.  Paul  streets  IM 
Kill  a  Sioux  gir.   In  a   farm 

house     127 

Oliver,  Lleiit.  T".  S.  A.,  detained 

by  ice  at  Hastings 91 

Olmslcad,  S.  B 126 

Olmsied,    David,     President  of 

nisi  ciiiincil  119 

Ciiulirtate  for  Conftiess 122 

Eiliturof  Democrat 125 

One  Kyed  Sioux,  alias  Boui^ne 
Orlgiial  Leve,  Kising  Moose.       85 
Loyal  to  America  during  war 

o.   1(112  ..     81 

Arrested  by  Dickson 81 

Ottawas.  their  migrations 2 

At  .Mackinaw 32 

Ottoes,  mentioned 42,43,    44 

Ouasicoude.     i\V  h-zee-ko-tay) 
Sioox  chief  mentioned  by  lleii- 

nepiii    23,    27 

lU-  Long 82 

Owens. , John  P.,  editor 123 

Paclllc  Ocean,  route  to 

3G,  50, 58,  60,    69 

Parrant  nicknamed  Pig's  Eye 113 

I'arsons.  Hev.  .J.  1"...   119 

Patron,  uncle  of  Du  Luth 11 

JViiicaut  ('escribes  Fort  Peviot..    29 
Fort  Le  Sueur  on  Isle  Pelec..     37 

Missi-sippi  Kiver 42 

KesidencealBlue  Earth  Riv- 
er     47 

Describes  Fort  L'Uuilller....    47 
lVnnensha,French  trader  among 

the  Sioux  63 

Pere,  see  Perrnt. 

Perkins,  Li.,  U.S.A.,  in  charge 

of  Fort  Shelby 80 

Perrieie,  see  La  Perriere, 
Pcriot,  .Nicholas, arrests  Achiga- 

naga  at  Lake  Sujierior 12 

Vislis  Keweenaw 14 

K.irlv  days  of  20 

Inliipii-iir.    A.    D.    1671,   at 

Saii.l  St.  Marie 211 

Account  of  Father  Meu.ard's 
a.sceni    of   ilie    Mississippi 

ami  Ulack  lilvcr 2 

Suspected    of   poi.soning    La 

.Salle 29 

Associated  with  Du  I.nth  ....     29 
First  visit  to  Lake  Pepin.  ...     29 

Visited  bv  lowavs 2tl 

Trades  Willi  ilic  Sioux 29 

lliings  allies  lo  Niagara ;<0 

Slialecy  at  Lake  Pepin 80 

Piisenis  a  silver  osteiisoriiim    .30 
Ten  Hies  the  Sloiix  by  buiniiig 
a  cup  ol  liiaudy  and  water.    3U 

In  the  Si-neca  evpeiUtion 31 

lllsietnin  lo  Lake  Pepin 31 

,lonriieys  to  Ihe  Sioiix 31 

Takes  po.ssesilon  of  the  coun- 
try     32 

Iteseui's  OJIbway  girls 32 

Ilolilni'ss  at  Mackinaw 32 

i'ondui-ts  a  convoy  from  Mon- 
treal   34,    38 

KstablislicH  a  post  on  Kala- 

ma/ooilver 34 

Keealhil 34 

Thiialened    with    death    by 

Inillans 38 

Interpreter  at  Moulrcal 84 


INDEX. 


701 


PAOE 

Name  of  wife 34 

Time  nf  (leatli 34 

Peters.  Rev.Snimiel,  interested  in 

the  Carver  claim 70,  61,    96 

Petnns,  see  Hunms. 

Pliillilis,  W.  D.,  early  lawyer  at 

St.  Paul  116,  119 

Picard.  see  Aiigelle. 

Pig's  Eye,  marsh  below  St.  Paul,  113 

Origin  of  name    ..   114 

Pike,  Lt.  Z.   M..  U.  S.  army  at 

Prai'ie  riu  t'iiien  74 

C'onnoil  with  Sioux  at  mouth 

of  Minnesota 74 

Adil  ress  to  Indians 74 

Treaty  for  sites  for  military 

posts   75 

Description  of  Falls  of  St.  An- 
thony  75,    70 

Lo-t  flag  brouBlit  back 76 

Hleick  house  at  Swan  River...    77 

Visited  by  Dickson 77 

At  Cass  or  Red  Cedar  Lake..    77 

At  Sandy  Lake 77 

At  Leecli  Lake  78 

Orders  the  British  flag  to  be 

h-.iuled  tlown  78 

At  DicUsiuis  trading  post 78 

Confers  with  Sioux  at  Minne- 
sota liver 78 

Passes  Kaposia  village 78 

Confers  with  Little  Crow 78 

Pinchon,  see  Penensha. 
Pinchon.   Fils   de,   Sioux   chief, 

confers  witli  Pike  78 

Pond,  Kev.  G.  H.,  assists  in  bury- 
ing slaughtered  Sioux 103 

I  ditor  of  Dahkotah  Kriend..  122 
Interpreter  at  treaty  of  18.il .  124 
Pond,  Rev.  Sunuel  W.,  notihes 
the  agent  of  a  Si.iux  war  party  103 
Erects  the  first  house  of  saw- 
ed lumber  in  the  Minnesota 

Valley 107 

Prepares   a    Sioux    spelling 

book 108 

Grammar Ill 

Porlier,  trader  near  Sauk  Kapids 

76,     78 

Poupon,  Isadore,  killed  by  Sisse- 

ton  Sioux  ' 92 

Prairie   du   Cbien   described  by 

O'lver 64 

Duringwarof  1812-1815 80 

Fcirt  slielby  at 80 

McKay  at 81 

British  officers  at 81 

Prescott,  Pliilander,  early   life.      91 
Provencaile.  loyal  to  America  in 

war  of  1812 .    81 

Qui nn,  Peter lo3 

Raclos,  Madeline,  wife  of  Nicho- 
las Perrot 34 

RadissoM,  Marguerite 2 

Radisson.  Sieur,  early  life   and 

marriage 2 

Second  marriage 2 

Brother-in-law  of  Groselliers     2 

Visits  the  Sioux 2 

Sails   with   Capt.   Gillam  to 

Hudson's  Bay 5 

Rae,  Dr..  Arctic  explorer  at  St. 

Paul  124 

Ramsey,    Hon.  Alexander,   first 

Governor 117 

Guest  of  H  H.  Sibley  at  Men - 

doia 118 

Becomes  a    resident    of  St. 

Paul  ...   118 

Holds  Indian  council  at  Fort 

Snelliiig 121 

First  message .... 

Ran<lin,  visits  otreniity  of  Lake 

Superior no 

Kavoux,  Rev.  A.,  Sioux  mission- 
ary    109 

Reaume,  Sieur,  interpreter 52 

Red    Kiver  of  the  North,  men- 
tioned        87 

Why  called 87 

Fort  Kouge  oh 87 

Scotch  settlers  at 87 

Rival  trading  companies 87 

Swiss  immigrants  to 89 


PAGE 
Renville,  Josepb,  mention  of  76.  109 

Renville.  John  .     109 

Republican   convention    at    St. 

Anthony 126 

Rice,  Hon  Henry  M..  stps  to  or- 
ganize Minnesota  Territory  115,  116 

Moves  to  St.  I'aul...  118 

Elected  to  Congress 125,  126 

IT.  S.  Senator 128 

Richards,  F.  S.,  trader  at  Lake 

Pepin 117 

RIgus,  Rev.  S.  R.,  Sioux  mission- 
ary, letierof in 

Interpreter  at  treaty  of  is.5i . .  123 
Rohhinette,  pioneer  in  St.  Croix 

Valley 112 

Robertson.  Daniel  A.,  editor  1'24.  125 
Rocky  M'Hintains  discovered  by 

Verendrye co 

Rocque  or  Kotiue,  A.,  at  Wapa- 

shaw 117 

Roger",  Captain,  atTiconderaga.    fi2 
111  clKirm' at  Mackinaw..  62.    66 

Skiiiiiish  with  Durantave 02 

Alluded  tobv  Sir  W..Iohnson    69 
Rolette,  Jo.sepU  Sr.,  in  the  Bri'- 

isb  service  81 

Rolette.  Joseph  Jr 127 

Roseboom.   Eimlish   trader,  ar- 
rested near  Mackinaw    15 

Roseboom.  trader  at  Gieen  Bav.    63 
Rosser,  .1.  T.,  Secretary  of  Terri- 
tory   1'25 

Rouville.  Hertel  de,  French  olTi- 

cer 51 

Ru.ssell.  Jeremiah,  pioneer  in  St. 

Croix  Valley 109,  112 

Marriage  of 113 

Sagard,  in  1636  notices  Lake  Su- 
perior copper 7 

Saint  Anthiuiv  Express,  first  pa- 
per beyond  St.  Paul 123 

Saint  Aiilbi'ny  Falls,  Suspension 

bridge  over  126 

Described  by  earlv  explorers 

111,24,25,75,70.     85 

Government  mill  at 93,    94 

Saint  Croix  county  organized 114 

Court  in 114 

Saint    Croix    River,    origin    of 

name  42   112 

Du  Luth  first  explorer  of 112 

Fort  on.  spoken  of  by  Bellm.  112 
Pitt  and  party  cut  lumber....  112 

Pioneers  in  valley  of 112 

Early  preachers  in  valley  of.  113 

First  woman 113 

Saint  Paul,  origin  of  name lU 

Early  .seltlers  of 114 

Fiisf  School  bouse  in 114 

Appearance  in  1849 117 

High  water  ill  18.50 121 

N.-wspapers  117,  118,119,  122 

First  execiiiion  for  murder..    124 

Indian  flghtiii  streets  of 125 

Relics  arrive  from  Franklin's 

expedition 126 

Etfmt  to  remove  seat  of  Gov- 
ernment therefrom  127 

Saint  Pierre,  Captain,  at  Lake 

Superior  50 

At  Lake  Pepin 55,    65 

Commander  at  Mackinaw...    61 

Nnticed  by  Carver 57 

At  I'ort  La  Reine 60 

Arrests  niiirderers 61 

In  N.  \V.  Pemisvlvania  ...60,    61 

Visited  by  Washington 60 

Killed  in  battle 60 

Tribute  to 61 

Saskatchewan,  first    visited  by 

French :    69 

Fort  at 60 

Schiller,  versifies  a  Sioux  chiefs 

speech 67 

Scott,  Died,  slave  at  Fort  Snell- 

iiii; 97 

Scott.  General  Winfleld, suggests 

tlie  name  of  Fort  Snelling 

Selkirk.  Earl.  Thomas  Douglas..    87 

.Secures  Ossiniboia 87 

Forms  an  agricultural  colony    87 

Arrives  in  New  York  city 85 

Reaches  Sault  St.  Marie 88 


PAGE 

Discovers  .Tobii  Tanrer 88 

Concludes  a  treaty  with   In- 
dians  * 89 

Passes  through  IMinnesota. ..     89 
Semple.  Gi'vein"r  of  Selkirk  set- 
tlement, killed 88 

Murderer  of 88 

Senecas  defeated  by  the  French    15 
Sliea.  .1.  G..  on  failiire  to  estab- 
lish Sioux  mission        106 

Sberbiiine,  Moses,  Judge  125 

Shields.  Gen.  James,  elected  U. 

S.  Senator  128 

Shineowahbay,    Ojibwav    chief 

with  Le  Sueur  at  Montreal 37 

Sibley.  Hon.  H.  H.,  at  Stillwater 

convenliou lis 

Delegate    to    Congress  from 

Wisconsin  Territory 116 

Impression   made  at'Wash- 

iimtim lis 

Elected  delegate  to  Congress  122 
Silver  nsteiisoriuin.  presented  by 

Perrot.  still  preset ved 30 

Sionx,  origin  of  the  word 1 

Defeat  the  Hupuis 4 

Described  by  Father  Allouez     4 
Attack  Indians  at  La  Poiiite      4 

Peculiar  language  of  4 

Described  in  A.  D.  1671 4 

Attacked  at  Sault  St.  Marie..      5 
Villages  visited  bv  Du  Lutli..      9 

Described  by  Cadillac 16 

Meet   Accault   and    Henne- 
pin   19,    20 

Wnrds  mentioned  by  Henne- 
pin      21,22,    27 

Of  Mille  Lacs 22 

OITeriiig  at  Falls  of  St.  An- 
thony     26 

Visited    bv    Grosellier    and 

liadissoii 

Nicholas  Perrot 29 

Described  by  Perrot 31 

Mantantans  32 

Meaning  of  the  word 11.4 

Difl'ereiitbAuds  of  104 

Med-dav-ivah-kawn-twawn 

villages  ■„  104,  105 

Warpaykutav  division  of 105 

Wai  pay twawns ]a5 

Seeseetwawns 105 

Dictionary  commenced 111 

Frightened  by  burning  bran- 
ny         30 

Mantantaws 32,    44 

Sissetons 32 

MedHywahkaiint»auns....32,    43 

Oiijalespoitons 43,    44 

Assineboines,  cause  of  sepa- 
ration      43 

War  party  arrested  by  Perrot    33 

The  first  to  visit  Montreal 37 

Chiefs  speech  to  Friuitenac. .    38 
Chief's  death  at  Montreal...    38 
War  party  against  the  Illi- 
nois   ..  3.0.    40 

Eastern   and    Western    des- 

ciibed 48 

Chief  visits  Fort  L'llnillier  ..    43 

In  council  with  Le  Sueur 44 

Bands  of.  A.  I).  1700 45 

Attack  .Miamis 4g 

Visited  by  Jesuits 51 

A  foil  to  the  Foxes 55 

Attack  convoy  of  Vereudiye, 
Deputation  visit  Quebec  ..  ..    57 
Deimtation    visit  Englisli  at 

Green  Bay 63 

Bands  described  bv  Carver.  .    65 
Chiefs   speech  described   by 

Carver 67 

Chiefs    speech    versified    by 

Schiller 67 

Language.  Carver's  views  on,    69 
Chief,  Orignal    Leve,  Pike's 

friend  75,    81 

Formerly    dwelt    at     Leech 

Lake   78 

Bear    Dance    described    by 

Long 83 

Sisseton  mnrderer  brought  to 

Fort  Snellii'g 92 

In  council  with  Ojibways 94 


T«2 


IKDEX. 


rAOK 


1IO 


110 

111 


■>2 


nnrt 


"I 

101 


.1 


11.'. 

Ul 
..     IM 
roll 
111,  lU 


PAGE 

Wnrtilnrdrnpt.  r.  S.  A 

:    it  Mackinaw,  In- 

...106 
•  .at  Rfil  IJtTpr  ..    89 
>"  .  leaiiLslor,  killed 

I  123 

T»  Uawronre,  agpnt 

I  lintlcc  of fli 

l/i'avi'iiworlli..    S2 
lis  lo  WaMiIni;- 

I  KL'l K> 

Ta  I  €i(  Canada,  re- 

|.  ieis C 

1 1  l,:ikp  .Superior  cop- 

iwr " 

Tnnni-r.   .lolin,   stolen  from  his 

;     •    -  ■  ^     88 

!■•  an  Iiiilian  chief    ..      ?8 
1         MTcil  h>    Earl  of  Sel- 

«,i,      88 

Mis|M'cteil  of  Xliiriler 88 

.laiiics.  son  of  .lohii 88 

!■      '   ami  ileceltfilV..     S« 

Tai  :.ili>  skins  40,    48 

Tii>  '   .  pioneer  In  St. 

I  1 112 

.lo^tlllJl  I, ^  .   118 

N.  «'.   I».,  Speaker  llnnsc  of 

lt<'iire>ienlatlves  18.M 126 

Teeoskahtay.  Sioux  chief  first  In 

Montreal  37 

S|ie<eli   to   Governor    Kron- 

lenac  38 

KIsitealh  In  Montre.il 39,  44 

Teicahkniiitn.     Catherine,      the 

!ror|iTi.i«  virpln  17 

Trtrv.  Klijah.  murdered  liy  Sioux 

at  IVniMiia 124 

ThoiiiiiMin,   David,  Beocrapher. 

N.  «•  Co 78 

Tom  V,  Henry,  with  I)u  Lulh  at 

MnKaiH 1.'. 

Ciiu»ln  of  1)11  l,nth ic 

rr...ii  IS  iiirMilden  to  enter  the 

■  iintrv 48 

'  t  IK.17  with  Sioux  and 

"          ...s 112 

I  Mill.-.  I  .A.  at  Kails  of  St.  Croix  112 

1  ni\«r^lty  of  Mnntesota  created  122 

Van  Cli've,  (ien.  II.  I' yo 

Cliailotle  (lulsconsin,  wife  of 

lien IK) 

I'aper  by no 

\Hieniies,  rierre   C.ualller,  gee 

Vcrendrye 

Vercherc»,ln  coininand  at  (jrecii 

8»jr 01 


PAGE 
Verendrve.  Sieur,  early  life  of . . .     58 

At  I/.ikc  N'epiiinn 58 

Obtains  an  Iiiiliaii  Map .W 

Kxpeilition  west  of  Lake  Su- 
perior          lis 

A  son  killed  by  Sioux 69 

A  n-pliendies 69 

Suns  of.  reach  Rocky  Moun- 

tnins     69 

lietiun  to  Lake  of  the  Woods    95 

SupiTseded 59 

Uistored  69 

Di'ath 59 

Clievalier,  notice  of  59 

Slenr  Jr.,    accompanies   St. 

Pierre  .'i!),   61 

Wahkantape,  Sioux  chief  visits 

I.i' Sueur 43,    44 

Walimatah,  Sioux  chief 95 

Wail.  I,,  li  119 

Wakefield,  John  A... JU«s 

Wales.  W.   W 127 

Wasliinirton  visits  St.  I'ierrc GO 

Welch.  W.  H..  Chief  Justice  of 

Teniloiy 125 

Wells,  .laines.  trader  married...  102 

At  Lake  Pepin 117 

Killed  by  Sioux 102 

Wilkin  Alexander,  Secretary  of 

Territory 124 

Candidate  for  Conjiress 126 

Williamson,  Rev.  T.  S.,   M.  D., 

early  life 107 

Arrival  amonc  the  Sioux 107 

Organizes    church   at    Fort 

Siielling 108 

Missionary  at  Lac  qui  Parle. 

Kaposia 114 

Procures  school  teacher  for 

St.  Paul 114 

Willis.  N.  P.,  lampooiif    Joseph 

SnellinK  97 

Winnebacoes,  mentioned 40.    52 

At'acK  Keel  boats 99,  100 

I'irst  notice  of  lo5 

SiiciM'Sslve  removals 106 

Wisconsin    River,    called    Mes- 

chetzOdebaby  La  Salle 18 

Described  by  Le  Sueur 40 

tiiiisnas 52 

Wolle.  Ceneral.  de.ath  of 1 

Wood.  Irailer  amont'  Sioux 78 

Yelser,  Capt.  at  Port  Shelby 80 

Yuhazee,  executed  at  St.  Paul.. .  124 


//f 


INDEX. 


703 


INDEX 


OUTLINES   OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  MINNESOTA. 


PAGE 

Acton,  murders 137 

Admissiin  of  the  state 129 

Antietam.  battle 152 

Arctic  cycloue 158 

Arms  Seized H6 

BaTiks,  state 130 

Battles— 

Antietam 152 

BiK  Black  Kiver 1-53 

Bird)  Coolie 139,  H9 

Bristow's  station 154 

Champion  Hills 153 

Chickamauga 154 

Corinth 152 

FairOaks 13.5 

Fitzhugh's  woods 154 

Gettysburg 153 

Ulendale 135 

Malvern  hills 135 

Mill  Springs 134 

Mission  Ridge 1.54 

Mobile      156 

Murfreesboro 135 

Nelson's  farm 135 

Peafh  Orcluuil 135 

Pittshm;;  Landing 1.34 

Ked  Wood  Ferry 140 

Savage's  station 135 

Spanish  Fort 156 

Tupelo 155 

Vicksburg 153 

White  Oak  Swamp 135 

Wood  Lake  151 

Bonds- 
Issued 129 

Defaulted 130 

Foreclosed i.3l 

Proposed  adjustment 1.57 

BreadstulTs  exported 131 

Cam  p  release 151 

Capitol  removal 157 

Cavalry  companies 1:^4 

Chippewa  war  threatened 140 

Christian  commission 133 

Corinth,  battle 1-52 

Currency,  inflated 155 

Currency  depreciated 131 

Drouth 154 

Edward's  Ferrv 135 

Eleclion.131,  134.  156. 157,  158,  159,  IfiO 
Enlistments 132 


PAGE  129  TO  160. 

PAGE 

Fair  Oaks,  battle 135 

Fires,  prairie  158 

Forest  City,  stockade 147 

Fort  Aber'crombie,  seiee 148 

Fort  Ridgley,  attacked 142 

Fiazier  River,  gold  discoveries..  130 

Glendale,  battle 135 

"Good  Times" 156 

Grasshoppers 159 

"Hard  Times" 130 

Hutchinsnii,  stockade 147 

Relieved 148 

Impeachment,  state  trea-surer...  158 

Indian  correspondence 150 

Indians  executed 152 

Indian  war  closed 151 

Inflation 157 

Insane  Hospital  burned 160 

.lay  Cooke,  failure 158 

Lee,  surrender  156 

Legal  Tendtr  Notes 135 

Legislature— 

.lulv,  ia58 129 

Session,  IBGl 131 

1862 134 

Extra  session 1 51 

Session,  1870 157 

1871 158 

1874.  '75,  '77 159 

Session.  1878 160 

Light  Artillery,  first 134 

Second 134 

Lincoln  Assassinated 156 

Little  Crow  killed 153 

Lower  Agency  outbreak 138 

Malvern  Hills 13S 

Military  commission 151 

Militarv  force  called  out 130 

Mill  Springs,  battle 134 

MiiiTirsuti  admitted 129 

.Mi-isuuri  Itiver  expedition 153 

.Minmted  Rangers 149 

JIurder  at  Garden  City 15C 

Murders  at  Acton - .'.  137 

Murfreesboro,  baitle 135 

Navigation  of  Red  River 130 

Nelson's  farm,  battle 135 

New  Ulm,  seige 141,  143 

Evacuated - 144 

Nortlifield  Raid 159 

Northwest  settlement 135 


PAGE 

Pavnesville,  stockade 148 

Peach  Orchard,  battle 135 

Pittsburg  Laniiing.  battle 1.34 

Prisoners  released 150,  151 

Railroads- 
Commenced 129 

Rolling  stock 133 

New  organization 135 

First  coinpleted 135 

Building 157 

Red  River  Hostilities 148 

Red  River  navigation 130 

Redwood  Ferry,  battle 140 

Relief  measures 133,  150 

Regiment— 

Fiisi 132 

Second 1  3 

Third 1  3 

Fourth 134 

Fifth 134 

Sixth 134,  136 

Seventh 145 

Eighth 145 

Ninth 145 

Tenth 145 

Eleventh  155 

Regiments  return 156 

Renville  Rangers 141 

Sanitarv  commission 133 

Savage's  station,  battle 135 

Scandinavian  immigration 135 

Seven  ilays  li-lit  135 

Sharp  sliootfis.  fiist 133 

"Shinplasters" .  135 

Sibley's  expedition 145 

Sioux  Massacre 137 

Sioux  removed  from  state 153 

Sioux  pursued 154 

Stockades,  built 147,  148 

Troops  called  for,  132, 133, 136, 154,  155 

War  prospective 130 

War  news .  132 

War  meeting 136 

Week  of  blood  145 

"Wild  Cat."  banking  scheme..  .  130 
Wiunebagoes  removed  from  state  153 

Wright  county  war 130 

Wood  Lake,  IJattle 151 

Yorktown,  seige 135 


TIM 


INDEX. 


\  I  )  I-:  X 


1IIST«KV    OF   HEXXEPIX   COrNTY. 


I-AOR  1G7  TO  18T. 
..   I  PAOK 

wn  Of 2!« 

l:ip<' ;!00 

.1111 13« 

Will.  S   1M.-J3!!,  'in 

.11  A"<it-l;llUill« •ICO 

i;i!i.  Clianes   \V..1M,  IPC.  247 

3«>.  .174 

.  «   .. 4C3 

nr«i  organized I7l 

-  <:iv<' :tK« 

niules 42.'> 

,11  <•!  4!« 

IK-lly 4!Ki 

•  Wl 

uliiilpKalo 42;i 

4U  I  ■  \Mlll.im ISfi,  2^ 

4.MI  <  1^.   iiiiinly iSfi 

1  .1 1'oiivi'iitiiin IM 

,  .,. __ 3j)Q  ^]2 

n.  r:ilrirk  K IW.Sk!  S'.'O 

.   tiwii  of .'(17 

■  •F.  It.  E.,-.1M,487.  632 
415 

■  > is; 

.iiiil    Wat  of    HPiinppiii 
\ .   liy   .Imlsf    Isaiic   Al- 

485 

it.l.  Wllllaiii 140, 181,  i:«! 

I.:ikp.  town  of 27H 

iiKl.c'ly  of 270 

N    .I.T 133,  1:M,  372 

;•  1,.  li'wii  of ;!02 

11.  vIMhkp 304 

.!• -■•|ili.  ITi;.  IM,  IW,  222,226  .'iS8 

.  'MM  hiiir  ]i;ikoia na 

'I'   M  .  iHuii^hlp 

.  .I"lili  Willi' 177,  278 

!'■  >'i    .  .<i.l.  Millk   W 204 

!'■  I     .    I\.  11(111.   l):llatlllH 132,  14U 

I  .  A.  <J.  of 44;' 

■l«   .      421 

^^ini.ilii 177,  183,  .'tW 

'  172 

I  .HO 

'  ii'wnof 2:11 

I  ■11         182.  438 

I    ,M  III  II  Mllill.  Vol.  Illf liiii 

I    '  "     ■'■  203 

MiH 

mwocIbIIuii 174 

•1 210,218,  222 

•■••       ,       1  'lof «7 

*'>  251 

<'''  Mirlmlon 248 

'  In.  Ifl7ll :i!ll 

278 

4UI 

:«)9 

'  ■  iiitry 201 

2I« 

■Mlhii.   \  ill.  Inf 188 

1»« 

HIT. 

'•                       --■  M 

'  ,  4101 
'li,  1M,  37;i,  4M1 
4!»l 

•  :tuu 

3:i:i 
.vu 

"  413 

iia 

'.   174 

111.' 

'  ■' lllJI 

III kcivv  told..  |i| 


I'AOE 

ripsent  reserve 1C4 

Siiiialion ir>5 

Fri  I'liia.'-niis 4.52 

Finn  it  11  n*  413,  425 

Klndley,  Samuel 175,  .•)59 

(ill'  (li'iiail  incut 41;0,  664 

Klieniao'.s  !!•  lief  Association...    492 

Gaslifilit   cnnipanies 4.33 

Ciar.  Kev.  K.  G 340 

•  lirnian  Hi  nic,  townsliip 260 

i;«>"liii;y 180 

Cil'sdii,  lii'nlipn  R 176,  184,  223 

Ciilonn.  I'PterM 181,  254 

Oilfillan.  Col.. lames  B....  155,  203,  489 

iJli'VP  fapliiiies ..  419 

(Jllilfll-y.  Aid.,  177.  .346,  3Gl,3G7,4n4  .')52 
(JiKiilriili.  Samuel  A...  .  183,222,228 
Gill  ham,  Ilaviii.  183,  186,  .334,  341,  362 
Goinian,tol.  Willis  A.,  132,  174,  188 

487 

Govpiiinieiit  mill 177 

GiPt'OWi'iul,  cily  of 312 

Town  of 311 

Grnpi-rips.  whok'sale 422 

Halt  bippds 168 

llalslod,  Frank  William 257 

HamlmrK,  township 270 

HaiiisliniK,  lownsiie 288 

Hassan,  town  of 307 

Tiiwnsite 308 

llatpli.  Maj.  v..  A.C 147,  LW,  2U8 

Itaivi'slpr  works 411 

Ilid.iprly,  Kilwin 183,374,486,  559 

lliniippin  I'luiniy— 

Hiiiiiulailes 179 

I  li  k'a  nlzed 182 

Olllcial  ippoid 183 

.\KiicuUural  society 177 

Ilpiini'piii,  Father  I.oiils 169 

IIpiiiip|iiii.  lownsitc 231 

llUks.  Henry  G..  185,  186,  488,  534,  562 

Iloac.  Chailes 174,  180,219,  374 

lliitclikl.s!i.  ("apt.  Wm.  A 134,  210 

llolc-lii-tlie-l)ay,  (Indian),.. 3(i2,  3C8 

.»i4Q 

Hotels !..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'  497 

Hull.  Stpjihcn 176,  247 

Hliv,  Cci'.  K 186,373,  668  626 

Inillan  liattlPS 170 

Iniltaii  licalles 162,  170 

IikIi'ImiiiIpik'p,  town  of 262 

liiili  lii'iidciit.  Iiatiallon  cavalry.  208 

1  ml  list  liana,  lownsitc 288 

Insmancc  coinjiaiilcs 4;to 

Iron  iiiamiraciorles 405 

Isliii.d  water  power  company 414 

.lackllis.  ,lollll...    173,  I8;i,  186,373,  478 

.lohii  (itlicr  Day  (Indian) 138 

.loiiis,  I'Idwin  .Sinlili 180,488,  572 

Klnili'iiiailcn  schools 446 

Klim.Ciil.  William  S 344,  480 

Kittson,  Norman  W 170,367 

Kiilckcrliaikcr,  Kev.  D.  B....476,  578 

Kiilutitsof  Honor 4,10 

Klilnlits  of  I'ythlas... 448 

KiilulitH  Templar 45s 

!-a».VPis 485 

U'  Uontllller,  (has.  W...I84,  188,  200 

1.P  (■"lint.  Anloliip 32B 

l.i'i:lslaliiri'.  state 183 

1,1'sler.  Col.  IlpiiryC 133,  193 

I.llilil   Aitlllerv 210 

I.illle  Clow  I  Indian),  142,  IBO,  154,  308 

Iioan  Assiiciaiions' 432 

LuiiiIht  product 400 

l.yndalp  farm 345 

Lyndp,  James  W 138,  tot 


INDEX. 


70-5 


TAfiF. 

Macalester  College 443 

Mapof  Heiiiieiiin  county,  opp...      1 

Maple  Giovp,  town  of 322 

Maple  Plain,  village 264 

Marble  works        416 

Marshall.  Hon.  William  R.,  146,  iRfi 

is:.  18.S,  ,361,  364,  377 442 

Marshall,  township .299,  304 

Masonic  societies 4.52 

Mattress  lactories 41.5 

McLaren,  Col.  R.  N 151,  207 

McLeod,   Martin 175,  183,222,  227 

McN  air,  W.  W 186,  487,  494 

McPhaiil.  tjol.  Samuel...  146,  149,  205 

Medical  societies 434 

Medicine  Lake,  township 331 

Medina,  town  oj 268 

Meeker,  Judge  Bradley  B.,  175,  185 

...    364,  488 

Middlings  pnrifiers 545,  555 

Military  conijianies 433 

Miller.  Col.  Stephen,  161, 153, 154,  199 

Miller's  A.s.sociation 398 

Mills,  flour 394 

Building 389 

Explosion   391 

Fnruisliei's 4a5 

Old  Government 177 

Minneapolis— 

Athenaum 436 

Citv  of 357 

Official  Ro.ster...    383 

Fire  department 490 

Incorporated 378 

Mill  company 391 

Police  force      493 

PostofRce 494 

St.  Anthony,  united 378 

S  hools 437 

M  i  n  era  logy 181 

M in ing  coriipanie.s 4.'!3 

Minnesota  River,  navigated 178 

Miiiiipionka,  town  of 238 

Village 240 

Minnetrista 2.57 

Missionaries,  early 168 

Mound  biiiUleis 167,  571 

Mounted  Rangers,  First  Reg 205 

Mosseaux.  Charles    340 

Munch,  Capl.Emil  134,210 

Natural  Science  Academy 435 

Nav'gation,  ab"ve  Falls 178 

Minnesota  river —  178 

Neill,  Rev.  Edward  I) 188.  3(1.5.  444 

467,  470,  472,  600.  6.35 

Xew  process  milling 393 

Newspapers 573 

Ninth  Res;.  Minn.  Vol,  Inf.  ..  200 
North.  John  W.,  480,  489,  499, 183,  364 
Norllirup,  Anson,  185,:,64, 375, 4^8, 

497,  606 

Odd  Fellows 447 

Oflicial  Roster— 

Couniv 186 

Legislature 183 

Judicial 185 

Oil  companies 419 


PAGE 

Oluistead,  David 176 

Opera  Houses 498 

Osseo 294 

Paper  box  factories 418 

Paper  mill- 414 

Perkinsville,  town.site 263,  270 

Peteler.  Capt.  Francis 133,  205 

Peirce.  Th.  mas  W.  ..174, 184,341,  351 

Pike,  Prof.  W.  A 443 

Pike,  Lieut.  Zebulon  M 162 

Pilisburv,  Hon,  John  S.,  169.  160.  184 

443.  481 499,  613 

Planlngmills 404 

Plow  works 411 

Plymouth,  town  of 328 

Townsite 332 

Police  force 493,  .566 

Pond,  Rev.  Gideon  H.,  169, 174,  183 

22l',  227.  232 468 

Pond,  Rev.  S 169 

Portland,  ti'wnsite 304 

Post  office,  Minneapolis 491 

Powers,  John  F 313 

Prescott,  Philander    ....173,  213,  340 

Private  residences 498 

Public  buildings  498 

Public  Halls  498 

Public  schools,  Minneapolis 437 

Quinn,  Peter 175,222,359 

Mrs.  Mary  Louisa 226 

Railroads 179.  428 

Railioail  shipments i...  179 

Ramsev,  1  on.    Alexander,    131,  134 

145,  163.  178 2i7 

Regimental  Rosters 188 

Rice,  Hon.  Kdniimri 160,  176,  487 

Rice.  Hini.  Henrv  M.,  147, 166, 176,  377 

Richfield,  town  of 212 

Richland,  township  213 

Ri!;gs,  Rev.  Slephen  R..  .138, 169,  172 

Roller  process,  flouring 392 

Rollins.  Capt.  John.  178.  160,  183,  .306 

.308.  402.  487.  494,. 531.  622 631 

Russell,  Lieut.  J.  B.  F 133.  177 

Russell ,  R.  P  ....  176,  369,  369,  487.  630 
622.  624 

Russell.  Capt.  Wm.  F 184,  2o5 

Saint  Albans,  townsite 249 

Saint  Aiithdtiv— 

Citv  incorporated 369 

Oflicial  Roster 380 

Falls  109 

Falls,  power 178,  388 

Iniprovement 388 

Minneiiiiolis,  united 378 

Town  ot 353 

Sanborn,  (ien.  John  B...  132.  134,  194 
Sash,  door  and  blind  lactories...   404 

Salterlee,  Rev.  VV.  W 435 

Saw  mills.  Hist  in  state 16i 

Sawmills   Minneapolis 401 

Schools.  Minneapolis  ciiy  4.30 

Schools,  parochial .' 465,  479 

Second  ReL'iiiu'iit  Cavalry 2or 

Minn.  Vol.  Iiif 191 

Sixth        190 

Seventh ...'. 199 


PAGE 

Settlements  extended 176 

Sewerage 386 

Sharpshooters 205 

Shaver.  James 170,  246 

Sheldon,  Rev.  Charles  B.,  184, 186,  266 
Siblev,Hon.  Henrv  H.,  171,176,  129 

130,  145,  150,  162.366 617 

Sisterhood  of  Bethany 650 

Smith.  Albee 186,  225 

Snelling,  Col.  Josiah 103 

Soap  factories 419 

Societies 447 

Soil 181 

Slate  frnit  farm 250 

Steamboat,  at  Falls 178 

Steele.  Franklin.  163, 174, 177, 185,  216 

358,  364.  .369.  488.  494 635 

Stevens.  Col.  John   H.,   147.    173,  171 

183,  186.  248.  362,  371,481 037 

Stevens.  Rev.  J.  D 171 

Stevens,  Simon 176,  238 

Stove  works 405 

Streets  and  avenues 388 

Stroiit.  Capt.  Rich'd,  147, 186.  213,  .502 

Taopi.  (Indian) 1.50 

Tapper. Capt.  John...  177,  352,  369,  375 

Telegraphs  ami  Telephones 431 

Temperani'P  societies 461 

Tenth  Reg.  Minn.  Vol.  Inf 193 

Third 203 

Third  Battery.  Light  Artillerv  ..  211 

Thomas,  Col.  Minor  T 151,  199 

Tuttle.  Calvin  A.,  173, 176, 184,  238,  361 

370,    373 499 

Underwiiod,  A.  J 185,  205 

Univeisitv  of  Minnesota,  by  Pies. 

WulW.  Folwell 439 

Van  Cleve,  Col.  Horatio  P.,  133,  134 

191.  468 494,  648 

Van  Cleve,  Charlotte  O 648 

Vannerburg,  Hon.  Chas.  E.,  185,  470 

487 488 

Vegetation 181 

Voyageurs 168 

Wabasha,  (Indian) 1.50 

Warrecoril.  Hennepin countv. ..  188 

Walker.Maj    L  C 147.  184 

Walker.  Prof.  Versal  J 443 

Wasbliurn,  Hon.  William  D..  181,  475 

481,  0.54 

WatUins.  Samuel 176 

Water  posver  companies 400 

Water  w.oks.  citv 490 

Waterville,  townsite 304 

\Va>zata.  village  ot 240 

Welles.  Henry  *r..  175,  367,  370,  378  379 

404.472.476 6,55 

Whop  sale  trade 421 

Wilkin.  Col.  Alexander,  151.  155.  2' 0 

231 

Williamson,  Rev.  Thomao  S..  138,  171 

468 

Wilson,  Eugene  M.  ...  185.  2  6,  409 

Workmen.  A.  O.  U.  society WJ 

Voui,! .  James  D 314.  370 

V(Uiiig.  Judge  A.  H 185.  062 

Zoology 182 


45 


lypEX. 


I  N  1 » 1-:  X 


XAMKS. 

r.\cr. 

I7.'> 

i" ,.  .  .    ...      .i.Lii,.--.  H.... 

...   I.M.  2U2 

1         .    ,           ^       If  .,1  >.iU 

...186,  .VII 

IM 

,[l£                    

176 

1 ...;....  184 

;; 60C 

,1              , 261 

•■!  K 

508 

.VW 

5U- 

SOT 

I       .         i»   h    

6i7 

■  1    s      

607 

273 

r  i; 

607 

11 

186 

K7 

I          ,  ^    1     :^   

273 

1    '   .  -.s    

27J 

)           til.  John  T..  

607 

807 

vs.  W.  M 

608 

■  !<>nt*«w,  K.  I* 

....  184,  213 

M    -      \v\ 

\K> 

\: 

2K 

....187,  H2 

..   IK.'i 

187 

tl..l..rl  11.,  183,  180, 

374,  486, 

4W,  490 

1     .ti.iL  r 

1H3 

1     -.I.    A. II 

21.1 

.VIS 

-    s 

IM 

008 

1 

tm 

.'.08 

...  .185,  :ii3 

i:  .-.r      .1..!,., 

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'.'  •■• 

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ioa 

1    |.-|.,...l.... 

..  na» 

...     .VI9 

IWI,  488,  TMI 

24B 

...  282 

...  tun 

, 

509 

510 

MO 

610 

IH4 

1 1 

187 

610 

..  ftio 

..  273 

...  281 

...  610 

...   347 

49.1,  510 

.     Sll 

•til,  510 

Ml 

17(1,  248 

..   480 

.     Ml 

...  610 

..  611 

...  611 

1 

..273 

\\ 

...  611 

....  IM 

PAGE 

Bl.ipk,H.C -X'' 

IVank.  Malilnn isi- 

H'aiMU-ll.  Koliert -H' 

ni:iisiii-n.  i!"iipit  Jr .w 

111  ijsdcll.  William 317 

HI;ik.-..I<ilin  D  158 

Biaki'lv.  David Bll 

Ulakpiimii.  .\.  B 187 

lllaki-man,  I..  V.N' M2 

BlakiMiiii".  William 512 

Bl.-pkPii.C.  H 18B 

Blitz.  .AilDlpli »'2 

BlM(lL'<'tl,  Samuel  F 218 

BIo.mI..!.  W 612 

Bloiisti-iii.   I.    512 

Blowi'i".  C.  W  187 

B.  anliiiaii.t".  N  612 

B.iardman,  W.  M 512 

B(,rli-,  A.  II 512 

BolTi'iiliiiK.  .loltn  513 

B.>irciiliiiK.  Nicholas 513 

B'.llall.T.  M 513 

B  .ham.".  .J..lin  C 2T8,  281 

B.limi.  N.  H 513 

Bniif(.\,S 513 

B..ii|(mr.  A 252 

Ui..itli,.l.  E 216 

h..li;p»l(>clf,  Ulldolph..   134,  195 

Bnilhwick.  Alexander 307 

B.inii..  riiaiU's  W 365 

B,.stwi.-k.  I.aidiier 180,485,513 

Bn.w..illi.  W.  W .518 

Bi.ttiiieaii,  l'iciie....l75.  367,  2!U.  .129 
3.59,  .aU, 

Bniiphpr.  Octave 320 

B.iiichpi-.  I'etPi- 273 

B..iijht..n.  H.  H 481 

Buitpll.  M.0 518 

B..\v.Mi.  Millard  1' 51» 

B..vviiiaii,<;pi>.  U 374,  379 

Biiwinaii.  .1.  U 317 

H..v<l.i;..i..  .Ir 209 

llra.kPit.  Ma].  A.B 2U7 

llr  .ikpll.lip  ..  A 491 

Hrarkptt.  M.  H 493 

BraPki-lt,  W.  M 491,  518 

IliaillPV.  .lames  !■' 184 

Bracspli.  Cliristoiiher 333 

Biaiidi.ii..!.  U 266 

Hiaiin.T.  A 618 

Bicii,  Kraiik 243 

l!lP"..^l^P|'h   242 

lllvwstpr.  .loci 187,  213 

ItrlKiis,  K.  C, 51» 

Hrl:;i:«,.l.  II 3i5 

BilKham.  I.pvI  288 

Biluham.  WllUiim  519 

IMli'V.   SaimiPl 266 

llrlini ■.  Dr.  K.  H 519 

llilmmi-r,  W.  D 304 

Bri.><ii-it.  Kilimmd 341 

Brisii.l,  Warren  183,  186.  .173 

Itr.iad.  IC 619 

llr..haiiKh,OlP  620 

Bn...kllM.i;.  W 281 

lirniik-'.  ItPV.  David  819 

llr..<.k.<.  .lalip/ D.  D  519 

BiMi.ks.  William  326 

llriiHiiaii.  Mm.  Mar|!iirct 228 

llM.nli|pttP..I.  B    621 

llrowii.  Halilwln 185,520 

Bll. « II.  Il.-iij.  .1 493,  020 

Bliiwli.C    l> 621 

Briittii.  K.  D  621 

llii.wn.  <;.  W 213 

llro»n.  Isaap 183,  186,480 

Brown ,  .1  ames  A 236 


INDEX. 


707 


PAGE 

Bmwn,.T.  H 521 

Bmwii,  J.  .\I 521 

Browii,.I.)hn 228 

Biowii.Jiisepli  R...  340 

Brown,  Maj.  Joseph  R.,  U9, 175,  212 

359 

Brown,  Lvman 1»5 

KiMwii,  M.  U 347 

Brown,  Natlianiel 235 

Bown,  Oti'i.H 289 

Ktown,  Seneea  29(i 

IU'o\vM,    Thomas 359 

Hr.mii,  W.  \V 521 

ftrouii.  Z-loraE 521,556 

lliryant,  James 186,  204,  521 

i'.rvant,  Robert  R  186 

Er\ant.  TliomasO  243 

Bryant,  William  V 234 

BneUemlorf.  Henry 522 

Bneliendurt.  «  illiani 522 

Bndl,  W.  W 26) 

Bncli,  1).  r,  .  .  159 

Bnerfeoing,   Martin     5;'2 

Bn!il)ee,t;.  0  512 

Bull.  James  A 214,  216 

Burcli.  A.  D 253 

Burehfleld,  A 273 

BnrchtieUI,  C.  A' 273 

Bnrir,  Ailam 355 

Bnrt'eois.  Jolm 238 

Burke,  Edward 522" 

Bnrrell,  L.  W 522 

Burroiinli's,  Ira 177 

Borvvell,  William  E 522 

Busi-lijiist,  I.ouis 623 

Bush,  Frederick 2)6 

Bushnell,C.  K  522 

Bnt'er,  Alansou  G 213 

Butler,  B.  F 523 

Buttolph,F.  G 523 

Bntler,(i.  S 523 

Butler,  H.  C 623 

Butler,  Levi 185 

Butler,  W.  E 623 

Buxton,  r.  J  523 

Bv rues,  James. 623 

Byrnes,  Wni 186,  347 

Byrnes,  Catherine 347 

Caliill,  W,  F 524 

(lain,  J  lines 524 

Cain,'r.  H  524 

rallailiue.  .lames  524 

Camp,  .\rthur  A 524 

Caiiip.  ''e<n\ne  A 185  199 

Camp.  Kev.  J.  J 203 

Camp,  Lieut..  173 

c.impuell.  A.  J..  Iialthreed 150 

Campbell,  John  JluK 524 

Campbell.  L.  K 273 

Canney,  Joseph  U 174  177 

Caniiey,  T.  J  526 

Cantieny.  Casper  .'i25 

Capion.  I'haddeusC 289 

Cirpeuter.  H.  M 526 

Carpenter.  Nathaniel  Sen 358 

Car. t  in,  William  iVl  525 

Carr.Cr.  C  525 

Carr,  L.  S  625 

Carliu,  K.J  525 

Carman,  Fianlc 261 

Carman,  John 2.59 

Carey,  John 216 

Carlson.  Lewis 318 

Carou,  Octave 325 

Carson,  Klijah,  253 

Carver,  J  inalhau 168 

Case,  Emanuel — 374 

Case.  K.  1)  525 

Case,  .Sweet  W...'. 185  488 

Gate,  W.  W 185 

Gates,  Geo.  W 525 

Ciuvet.  EC    524 

Cavanaiigh,  John 2.'!6 

Chadwick,  Wdiiam 228 

Chaffee,  .Mien  B  2S5 

lUialfee,  JamesF    193  626 

Chamber*,  Thomas 377 

Chambers,  William  176  222 

Chamberlain,  Kev.J.  S 2.50  476 

Chamberlain,  VV.  H  5.'6 

Chainplin.O.  K 325 

Champion,  W.  B f.26 

Chandler.  E.  H 289 

CUaudounet,  Rev.  Z.  L 526 


PAGE 

Chant.  James 527 

Chapman,  (■.  B  186 

Charlton,  David 186 

Chase,  C.  C 217 

Chase,  C.  L  ...  184 

Chase,  Capt.  Dudley,  P 205 

('base,  John  N iss 

Chase,  Capt.  Jonathan  184,  200 

Chase,  Jo>^iali  H 527 

Chaska,  (Indian) 1.38 

Chasteck,.I.din  M 243 

Chattield,  Ju  ge  A.  6  ...185,488,  532 

Cheever,  Wm.  A 177,  361 

ChiKon,  Val  137 

Chilstrom,  V.O 186 

Chilstrom.C.   E  627 

Chipmau.S.  P  289 

Chittenden.  E.  H  527 

Cboweii,  Geo.  W  186,489 

Chowen,  .I'weph  H 243 

(Jhoweu.  Willi  im  S 184,  239,  213 

Cliriscian.  .1.  .V 627 

Christian.  Lie-ellyn .527 

Chrisllieb  B.  F  274 

Christlieb,  Isaac  A 27.3 

Cbri^ilieb.  Levi 528 

Christmas,  Charles  W.  183.  186, 

247,  366.  374 

Churchill. Salmon  R 343 

Chute,  Richard 468,528 

Clark.  Allen  W  261 

Clark,  Charles  H  184,214 

Clark,  C.  W 528 

Clark,  E,  C  344 

Clark,  H.  B ,528 

Clark,  Isaac  B 528 

Clark,  .LH 253 

Clark,  James 2!5 

Clark,.!.  S  528 

Clark,  John  529 

Clark,  .lohn  W 529 

Clark,  Reuben 182 

Clark,  Thomas 334 

Clark,  C.ipt.  William  A.  201 

eleven,  John 266 

Cleveland,  Arba 184 

Clounh.  Gilbert 529 

C'>bb,  Kev.  Daniel 529 

Cobb,  H.J 529 

Cochran.  M  186 

Code.  George 217 

Colbrath,  W.  C ,  530 

Cide,  Emersnn  .530 

Coleman,  Thomas 530 

Cideman,  Jolin  A li'4 

Collins,  Dr.  D   F 5.30 

C.dlins,  Wdiiam  D 231,  235 

Collom,  Jesse  530 

Colstrom.  N.  E .53  i 

Colville.  (::oi.  William 155,  205 

Comer  lord,  iM.  C 185 

Cnukev.  J.  H 630 

CouUHlly.  T 213 

Connor,  Daniel 253 

Connor.  Ellas  H 530 

Con  well,  F.  A 186 

C' 01  verse.  A.  S 531 

Coiizet.  Martin 315 

Co(d<,  Fra'iklin 180,  324 

C<iok,C.  H .5.11 

Cook,  H  T  S3l 

Cook,  John  325 

Cook,  M'lthias  S 259 

Cooke,  Jav 158 

Coolev,  Geoi-ge  W.... 186,  631 

Coolev,  Gi-ove  B 488,  531 

Coot,  Charles 532 

C-oper.  H  532 

Cooinbs.  .Foseph 532 

Coplih,  Charles 532 

Copelv.  Mrs.  MaiT 217 

Coi-corau.  I'atrickB  187.317,  320 

Corcoran,  William 320 

CoriKdl,  JudL'c  F.  U.  E.... 184,  437,  532 

Currcns.T.  W 532 

Costifian.  Wynian 532 

Ciudliard,  Cornelius  214,  217 

Coulter.  Andrew  J 289 

Court wright,  Alfred 173 

Cowdrev.  S.  B 21  > 

Cox.  E.  Si.  Julien  144 

Craik,  Andrew 215,  532 

Craik,  John 214,  633 

Craik,  Miss 214 


PAGE 

Cramsie,E.  A 833 

Craudall.  1).  C 281 

Cleigll,  A.  J  .533 

Cripeau,  F.  X 341,  348 

CritteiKleu.  M  H    533 

Crooks.  Col.  William 146, 151,  196 

Crocker,  N 289 

Cross.  Capt.  Judson  Newell S34 

Cross,  William 534 

Ci'o^bv.  Kiehai-d 533 

Croswell.  H.  J 184 

Glow.  Isaac  2.33 

Crowe,  Jaines 186 

Crowell,  S.  S 176 

Culver.  G.N 634 

Cummihi;-!,  A.  A 531 

Cummiugs.  CJeo.  W 218 

Cuinmings.  K.  R  .534 


Cummlmrs.  Robert  W 


.  177,  534 


Cunningham,  H.  D 229 

CiinniUL'ham,  T.  G 535 

Curley,  P  ter 348 

Giirtiss,C.C  535 

Curtis,  Henrv 2«9 

Curtis,  Theodore  L  535 

Gushing.  Flim.  Caleb 177 

Cuilihertson,  James 5.35 

Cut'er,  E.  W 184 

Daggett.  C.  H 535 

Dagne,  John  214 

Dale,  Alplieiis 5:t5 

Dalhige,  R    635 

Daly.  P. trick    536 

Dana,  N.J  T.  Capt 133,  134,  372 

D;inforih.T.K 636 

D  iniel,  Dennis ,320 

Daniels,  Peter 330 

Daniels.  S.  G 536 

Dark,  Frank 536 

Darmodv,  Patrick 325 

Darnm.  T.  H  536 

Divenport,  E.J  186,489,  537 

Davidson,  Prof.  Charles 636 

Davin,John  536 

Davis  Hon.  Cushman  K 1.59 

Davis.  J   H 637 

Davis,  William  H 637 

Davison,  C.  D  184 

Davison.  C.  Wright 536 

Davison,  R.  .\  '37 

Day,  Alcibiaites Z!3 

Day,  Knos 2.53 

Day,  George  E 253 

Day,  Joseph  W 334 

Day,  W.H.  H 537 

Day,  W.  P 346 

Dayton,  Lyman ' 3i4 

Dean,  Ernest 537 

Dean,  Joseph 225, 176, 183. 186, 

222,  558 

Degardins.  Joseph 320 

Delorier.  Joseph :  37 

Demeules.Z  185  6.37 

Dennis,  W.  H 638 

Dennison,  D 638 

Dennison.  lames  E £38 

Denoyer.  Stephen 366 

Desjailais.  Louis 360 

D-verv.  Patrick 325 

Dick.H.  T 38 

Dickey,  Alex, 274 

Dickey.  H.  C  266 

Dickev,  U.  1!  274 

Dickerson.  J.  C  141 

Dickinson.  Seymour 538 

Dillinghaiii.  Kred  W., 5.38 

Dittfach,  Fritz  253 

Dixim.  Charles  B 6.38 

Dobson,  William  243 

Dodd,  Lieut.  W.  B 141 

Dodge,  James  Albert 639 

Dodge,  J.  S  538 

Doell,  John  VV 539 

Dole,  A.  M  538 

Dole.  Hon.  Wm.  P 147 

Uolliver,  VV.  A 539 

Donaldon,  .\laj.  J.H 281 

Donaldson,  H  ...     

Donlin.  Edward 639 

Doanelly,  Hon.  Ignatius 132  140 

Donnelly,  M  639 

Doran,  J.  W 539 

Dorniau,  Israel 189 

Dorner,  J.  H 639 


TOS 


ISDEX. 


1)1    »»..  1,    w  , 


Ml 
IKS 


II 


Ml 
Ml 
Ml 
Ml 
213,  ill 
. . . .     2I« 

5i; 


Ml' 
Ml 


M< 

M< 


PAOK 

.l"ii.illi:in IM 

W.  A   M6 

!  iiii.  .l.iiiiesL  133 

I  il<  li.  I  lioiims 510 

Flaiiilraii.lliiii.  Clias.  V..,  HI,  ir>T, 

IH5,  48S 

KIcrr.  Krv.  Herinnii Mfi 

I'lrlclitT.  Dr.  Hezukiali,  183,373,  4Wi 
4ii« 

I  !■  1.  i..r.  Dr.  L 173 

I     1     .1.  linn.  Loren l«i 

1  '.    \v     54« 

I  M.'k.. •»» 

I  ir 30!l 

I  "  ini(l(*l 


l'..T  .1.  .l-llll 

FiiiliMiiBl-r, 
Fnr.vlh.  W 
r.i.ll.r.r.J. 
|..>sD.  M 
t.  A.  D 


Ceorgc. 


.M7 

5t7 

'.MR 

647 

647 

348 

485,647 


I'o-I'r.  Anilrpw.l 547 

I'laiikiiii.  Samiiel 548 

I'raiiVliii,  S  .1     518 

■  'riiiikllii.  William  B 648 

Ki.Ml..|lrlls.  (' 482.548 

Kr.iirli.  AII.'H  T 274 

I'ri-hi-l.  (Jiiirue..  M8 

Kr'-i.  IliiiJ.niiiii  334 

I'lii.n.  W    II   340,348 

I    ,1  .  .i.iTi.  William 300 

c.  ,1!    .  v.Tli.MiiaH ,349 

I.  .     I  .nil.  MaJ 137 

'       ■     l:.v.  Aliiorv 21  .'i,  472 

'       •     ll:irl..w  A 186,403.  649 

■  ■     •".imiiciC 549 

1    .  I  .1..  Kfv.  Charles 2s7 

I.     I  lii.  (;iiirL'i- 187 

I    ii    111.  •!.■».  It 649 

1.  I  1    :i.  MmciilH 649 

'.  ,1.  ...Ill',  K 3.6 

I     ,•■:■  .1.  <'<-|ilias 183 

I,  Tliiimas 649 

II.  A.  K 171! 

I. 510 

i.:i-ilii,  W.  II 290 

(i.irvaiH.  I^iiii^  rierre 322 

i;:irvrv.<".  f 173.  349 

i:.ii\<  \.  .laiiii-s  L 214 

I.  11  >■  ■. .  Will   214 

!■  II  w,  .  S   II l;i8 

".;iii.  I  .  A •. Ma 

liial,  Hcv.  K.  r. 478,  340 

i;.|.li..l|.  WanhlliKlon 180,  2«i 

i:i  ■-iiv.  Il.iiry IM 

I'!-   1^.  A  550 

I ■    II.  leclllXMI  It 170,184.223 

I.  .1.  'II.  ivu-r  M 181,  'iM 

I .  !■  N'  itiialii.  «;«'urKe 282 

I'll N.   II 6.V) 

I.     1  •  II.  .1.  II       1K7 

I  •   '      lli'iiry KiO 

I.    ii    III. ('ill.  .lames  U.,..l,Vk. 203,  489 

I.'  iiii.iii..iiiiiii  u im,  iM! 

(;iiii'.rli»ilc!i Ml 

<;iM v.. I    Ml 

'  "'^    -i.-i.  A  r<:« 

•I  y wi 

"  k,  ninrli-s 342,  :I75 

■  .  D.  M MO 

>••■" 214 

•l"l'»K LMS 

'    '■    "  6.'K) 

.349 

r.-il 

' -  6.'il 

,  ili'llllUII  .1 •i\S 

Ml'-liai'l    214,  2IK 


^'     "  187,  .Wl 

"    " Ml 

'   '•  Mi 

r.:i2 

•''.901,307  404,  6-.2 

It; r.i 

212 


I  s.-i 

lletieeea. 2J2 

I"         290 


I'Ar.K 

Goodrich,  r 5.W 

Gonilricli.  Sam.  Aiiguslin,l83,222.  2'28 

(ii.iKlspced.  E.  A 349 

(iimil.viii.  \V.  H 290 

(ioiiliiii.  K  652 

Gorhaiii.  David.. 183,  186,  334,  341  362 

(■iinnaii,  L.  B 553 

(ioriiiiui.  Gov  Willis  A... 132, 174, 

188,  487 

Gorlnii.  I^amler 185 

Gmilil.  Aaniii 181,231 

Gniilil.  Ak'xaiider 186.  231 

GoiiUl.  K.  C  250 

Goiilil.  William  G 314 

Gimkl.Win.  W 5r>3 

Giive.  t..   A   ise,  488 

(iraliani.  Alexander 176 

GrahMiii.  Gilhcrt 184 

Graiulv..!.  L 553 

Grant.  Capl.H.  P 149 

Gravi'.  Allen  274 

Gravc.'<.C.  A .553 

Giav.  A.  N 244 

GraV.  GhailesE 5.53 

Grav.iji  ill's 296 

Gr.iV,  T.K 53 

Gieelev.  W.  Q 553 

Green,  .lolin 349 

Green. M.  A  290 

Greunrv.C 214 

Hireilii'ii.  Anton 186,  551 

Grillllli..!.  .\l r,M 

l.riini'.  .I'din     .W4 

Grinisliaw.  Wiliiaii' 554 

GriiKlall.  Elijah  W 187.  356 

Glindall.  K.  S 5.54 

Groi'sback,  K 213 

Gidsbiiscli,  .I'lhii  554 

Griiver.  Freeman 554 

Guilder,  A.  U 655 

Gui  nil  in.  Simon 555 

Glllinel.^i'll,  S.   K 555 

Givjila.  Kiaiik 554 

Ha'rir.  Malhiiis, 311 

Hart;iave'«. .).  W .5.57 

Ilarnnin.  .\ll.-n I8G  373 

llaniiiKlon.  ('apt 147 

Harrincl 'n.-Iolin  S 244 

IlarriiiKlon.  Lewis 186 

Harris,  Ariel  C 55'; 

Harris.  (\  W 213 

llairis.  Capt.  Smith 178 

Harris,  S,  A .5.57 

Harrison,  C.  W... 290 

Harrison,  H.  (i  .  545  .5.57 

Harrison, , I.  J 2.54 

Harrison,  .loseph 2'29 

Haril'ion.  N.  H  244 

llarrisiin,  'I'lionias  A .5.58 

Harlnian.  I'liilip 558 

Harvev,  William 49  254 

IIasi\.'  IMI '282 

Ilasliiin'.  diaries  (J .',58 

Ilasilniis,  W.  II  .5,58 

llali'li,  Mai.  K.  A.  C 147,1.53,  208 

ll.iiiMliilil,  llenrv .5.58 

llaiisi'..I'«epli  W 5.58 

Haiiser,  .laeob  .558 

Haviland.  Chancy '296 

llavllaiid.  Ell 2!I6 

Ilavvkitis.  Horatio 310 

Hawkins,  .lasper 3IU 

Hawkins,  Leonard  L 326 

ILnvklns.  S.  S 326 

Hanki's,.lumiis...    219 

Hawliiorne.  E.  1' r>,58 

llawlhollle,  W.  I' 5,58 

Ilavdin,  A    It 184 

Haydi'ii.  Weiitworth 184 

Hayes,  .lolin 6.59 

Hayes.. I.  W 349 

IIUM'S.  M.  I* n,59 

Hai'i:,  Cliarles 219 

Ilallfeii.  Carl 316 

Hamlin  Cliarle.s  K ri.55 

HalKlil.  W.  X .',55 

Mallies.  II.  C '274 

Male.  William  K 180 

Hall.  A.  H  1K4 

M.ill.C.  W       [M 

Hall.  E.  E 214 

Hall. .lames 185 

Hall.  Aiiiliew  N 219 

H..I1,  Will.  S 6SC 


INDEX. 


709 


r.voE 

Hall.W.  W 3H,  :iir, 

Hiillap.n.M.J 34H 

Haller,  Rpv.  J.  G 55ii 

HnUiiiL',  Liiientz  656 

HalstPil.  Frank  William 257 

HainHl..7.  <>  274 

Hainilton.  Josppli     215 

Hamlin,  Hon.  Edward  O  .134, 1R5,  488 

Haiiilin,  HiibartU 186,  .556 

Hanun,  H(M)r\ .5.56 

Haininond,  William 5.5G 

Hannistrnm.  C  J        556 

Hance,  Dr.  S.  F 557 

Hanlie,  Cnristoplier —  341) 

Hankinson,  Rieliard .5.57 

Han-i-cmi.  B.  F 214 

Han.scnml),  Ezra  187,286 

Hans.m.l).  M  184,  186 

HanstMi.  <leo,  A .557 

Hanson..!.  U 557 

Havfortl.  (ipnrge 5.59 

Havnes.O.  F 559 

Hav,  Aiiaii>^t 254 

Hays,  Lambert .  5i9 

Havs.  Kieliarrl 175 

Hayvvcxid.  Jesse 219 

Hazer.J  mes  H  559 

Heap,  Captain  U.  P 166 

Hear<l,  1.  V.  D 151 

Heaton,  llavid 184 

Heckncli,  Fred  .5.59 

Heclitmai'..T<ihn 295,  296 

Hedderlv,  Edwin 183,374,486,  55  i 

Hedderl'i,  1).  ft .560 

Hedderlv,  T.L  560 

Hedslrom,  N.  M 660 

HeffellinKer,  C.  A 660 

Helteltinger,  C.  B .560 

Hetti,  Frank .560 

Heftv,.! 5i;o 

Heinrich,  John ,561 

Heiss,  FranzJ  219 

Held,  J.F    349 

HeKrich,  W.  H .561 

Hemi\ip,  N.  H 186,  488 

Henderson,  J.  H ,561 

Henion.  J.  W .561 

Henry.  Chris 561 

Henry,  Isidore 216 

Henrv, Kennedy 662 

Hennepin,  Father  Louis 169 

Hensliaw,  C.  E 562 

Hernlnnd ,  J.  W 662 

Herron,  W.  M 187 

Heser,  Fr.ink  E .561 

Hewson.  Stephen 184 

Hicks,  Henry  G..185,  186,  488,  534,  .562 

Hierholzer,  Chas  562 

Hilgedick,  Ernest 3.56 

HilKerman,  Q.  A  563 

Hill.F.  K 563 

Hill.F.C 563 

Hill,  Francis 563 

Hill,  lohabod  P  563 

Hill,  .lames  W .'63 

Hill,  L.D .563 

Hillstrom,  John 266 

Hilton,  L.  C 254 

Hinellne.Geo 563 

Hinkle,  Francis  S.  563 

Hinckley,  J.  B 187,  .soo 

Hiiiton,  Jnlin 563 

Hiiiman,  Kelsev 263 

Hinman.  Kev.  S.  D 138 

Hipler.Capt.  Benedict 205 

Hiscock,  J.II 538,  564 

Histech,  Joban 266 

Hiiag,  ^aron 310 

Hoau,  Charles 174,196,219,  374 

Hoagland,  Charles  W 274 

Hoauland,  Louis  K 2(4 

Hoagland.  William 244 

Hobbs.  J.  T 564 

Hobine,  Henrv 564 

Hodges,  E.J 564 

Hon,  Minerva .326 

Hohag.  diaries  A 214 

Hohenstein,  Adam 316 

Holienstein.  George 316 

Hoibv,  Andrew 254 

Pole-!n-the-l>ay (Indian) 3B2,3G«,  .540 

Holehnnse,  George 5(i4 

Holenberg.  Charles 5fi4 

Holman,  Mrs.  Laura 220 


P.\I!E 

Holmes,  H.W .5ii4 

Holmes,  Thomas 313 

Holt,  A'lgustns 298 

Holt.  Charles  Evans 664 

Holt,  !■:.  E  565 

Holt.  J.  H   299 

Hnhvay.  F.  T 282 

Honkomii.  Henry .565 

Hoover.  A:iron 214 

Hopkins.  A.  H 254 

Hopkins.  H.  H 187,  .344 

Hopper.  Fr:.nk .56-. 

Horan.  Frank  .r  .565 

Horaii,  Mrs  J.  W .565 

Horner,  W.  H 565 

Hon  on,  .r.  W        .566 

Hotclikiss.  Capt.  Wm.  A 134,  210 

Hovelson,  o  .566 

Howard.  Silas 2.54 

Howe,  Asa 290 

Howe.C.  R 288.290 

Howe,  Jmias  H 184,  .3.T4 

Howell.  E.  P .506 

Tlov,  Michael 493,  566 

Hov.  William  ....  .566 

Hubbard.  Orrin  220 

Hnghes.  Chat  IPS  W 335 

Hnglies.  F:.  I  ward 336 

Hiigbes,  II.  J 566 

Hughes,  James  a^5 

Hiiglips,  Henrv 3.^5 

Hughps,  Thomas 330,  .3.S5 

HuL-gins.  Alexander 171 

Hnbn,  George 185 

Hull, James.- .567 

Hull.  Stephen  170.  247 

Hnlbert  William  F 236 

H'unpbrev,  H.  H 567 

Hunt.  B  567 

Hunt,  Franeis  1S7 

Hunter,  Saninel 567 

Hunt.  Thomas  U 1S4 

Huntington,  Geo.  H 567 

Huniinuton,  James 507 

Huntington,  W.  W  186 

Hnntsberger,  Jacob 275 

Iluntslicrger.  M 275 

Hnrlbut,  K.  R 305 

Hinlbut,  William  F 305 

Huston.  .la'nes  F  568 

Hu'b,  Valentine  G 568 

Hntehins,  Dr.  E.  A..  568 

Hutchinson.  J.  C .568 

Hnv.  George  E 186,  373,  568 

Hvde,  L.  Mel 568 

Iliowizi,  Rev.  Henry 569 

lugerson.  Ashbel 185,  262 

Inks.  B.  F '69 

Ireland. C.  H 569 

Iiwin,  E.  F  214,  230 

Irwin.  George  W 213 

Jackins,  John...  173,  183,186.  373,  475 

Jackson,  Henry 266 

Jackson..!.  R 244 

Jac(dis,  Jolin 316 

JaCcdiv,   Geo.  6 569 

Ja<:cdiy.  W .  H 669 

Jacobson,  C 569 

James,  Freeman  D  310 

Jauune,  Joseph 3.36 

Janliup,  Alexander  G 336 

Jarrett,  William  J 2,36 

Jarvie,  Ma'liew .570 

.letfersoM,  Robert  H 370 

JetTery,Thos 570 

Jellisou,  Jesse  L 2.54 

Jeuks,  G.  A 570 

Jenkins,  r.H  291 

Jenkins,  Svlvanus  290 

Jennings,  F'redeiick  A 259 

Jenson.C a50 

Jeriune,  Albert  M 186 

Jewc-tt,  A.  W .570 

Jtihilsou.C   571 

.hdlaiisoi,,  Hans 3.50 

JidiuOiher  Day,  Indian 1.38 

.lobnsou,  .\sa  E 570 

Johnson,  A.  M 570 

Johnsiui,  Charles 275 

Johnson.  Charles  W 571 

-Tohusou,  C.  (.) 207 

Johnson,  David  B 571 

Johnson,  F'.  A 571 

Johnson,  George  H 185, 186,  57 


PAGE 

Johnson,  Gnstavus  V 245 

Johnson,  J.  C 187 

•hdinsou.  J.  W 572 

,I(diiisiMi,  K .572 

Johnson,  Peter 572 

Johnson,  (ien.  E.  W 365 

Johnson,  W.  H 185,  .572 

■Tonas,  .Joseph    - 572 

Jones,  Edwin  Smith 186,  488,  572 

.Tones.  Capi.  Harrison 200 

Jones.  J.  (r 186.  498,  572 

Jones,  .lohn  Sergeant 140,  153 

Jones,  li.F 673 

Jinies,  W.  H 673 

Jones.  W.  B 254 

Jordan,  .\uios  C 57.3 

Jordan,  John  H .336 

.lordan.  R.  W .    573 

Joseph. .lolln  P..    574 

Kaestner.  John  D  574 

K mipll,  Louis 3.56 

Kantrowitz.  J 574 

Karlson.F.H 674 

Kassnbe,  Karl , 273 

Kassnbe.  William  C  269,  275 

Keator,  C  H  674 

Keeu.C.  T 574 

Kees,  M  ithias 574 

Keim. Andrew 574 

Keitli,  A 213 

Keith.  Albert .575 

Keith.  <;eorge 184,57.5,414 

Keith.  H.  C 187,  -To 

Keller.J.fl 575 

Keller.    H     575 

Kellev,  J,  W  229 

Kellev,  W.   A 576 

Kellv'.  Dr    E.  .S 576 

Kellv,  Frank  W 676 

Ke|lv,OscarA 291 

Kellv,  W.  F  576 

Kellogg.  Nathaniel I86 

Kennedy.  Edward 576 

Kenvon,  A.    11 576 

Keran.  Uilih  320 

Kerridge.  Walter 676 

Kesler.  Jacob 283 

Ke\s.  John  576 

Kiefer,  Sarah 326 

Kiesel.   Leopold 220 

Kimball,  A.  C 187,  303 

Kimball,  Dr.  B.  W 676 

King.  Edward  E 220 

King.  O.  B 186 

King.T.  S     627 

King.  Col.  Williams  344,  480 

Kingsley.Cliarles  D 677 

Knmslev,   Edward  1 577 

Kirk,  A.  H 577 

Kiik,  J.  H 229 

Kiist.  E.D  577 

Kittsiui,  Norman  W 176,  367 

Kiansman,  Mathias 336 

Klelzin.  JI.  F 356 

Kline,.l.   W 578 

Klopp,  M.   .1   577 

Kueltle.  (ieorge 270 

Knickerhacker.  Kev.  D.  B... 476,  578 

Knoblauch,   Alois 578 

Knob  cick,  D 187 

Knopf,  .Micliael 326 

Knowles,  A.   II 578 

Kokesh.  John 245 

Koon.  M.  B  678 

Ki  aemer,  .lohn 578 

Krneger.  H 576 

Kuch,  Philip 283 

K\te,  John 220 

La  Brash,  A.  C 678 

Ladriere,  Rev.  A 296 

Latliu,Geo.  A 326 

I.atlin.y.  A 326 

Lamp,  Christian .579 

Lamp,  Joaehim 679 

Lainpson,  Clianncy 153 

Lainpscui,  Nathan 1-53 

Lamoreanx,  H,  R 679 

Lane,  A.  P 300 

Laiidrv,  Charles 3.58 

Lane,  Freeman  P 186,  579 

Lane.  James  S 579 

Lane,  L.  M 579 

Langdon,  R.  B 185,579,  491 

Laugdon,  R.  V 257 


INDEX. 


I.. 

I- 


I.. 


rAOR 

■  WlllUm a* 

K.-V..I.  It 21'' 

'    i.,vl<l   32« 

\!  ;im W7 

^  WT 

i.liii  S 137 

.  II 26'' 

Will.   K.,  14<!.  l.V>, 

.    :.  ItCI.  3«l.  3ft4.  377,  4»2 

.l:i<-i.l.   '>'<7 

II.  M    •'•se 

'     M. 111. in -"iiW 

V  r.RR 

\.  5«9 

V  ro« 

I. H  212 

•    Wtlliam  IKS 

><.  A.r «» 

c.ii.  Hans W8 

VlpliiiU.< r>«3 

.  <;c..ri{o  27S 

M     .    ■    .Ml    (• 2W 

\i  ,,    I    \i r.89 

•!  .  ,     I  iL.ii.'s aoii 

^    1  vr, 

■      \  1S4 

.1     l; fitct 

i  I.e.  1.  vv  21.1 

i:.v  I'.  M.isiiusM 27.'i 

M     \'-  ■■    S\    .1 •-••0 

M.   M.  .     \V..I   2» 

M.   \     hli.  S       r.-<9 

M    \T  I  .■.  Willlmn w 

M.   \.n.  T 2.Vi 

V  .    ,..•.  .I..lm   213 

\I  •   ,  ■•  .  Mi'rrlinan  220 

■    .    'i..l:iinn!l  IKT. 

■.^      ,   :liv,S.  .1 r.llO 

M  .     I  iiii..|i>'><>nli 5;io 

Ml    ii\   Iti'v.  TlHimas .'«no 

M.i  .. I'.Mii:)!.  Kniiirls 2f>2 

\1  <    I  'M.h.  A.  S KM) 

M. .  Ml  .■.  M  691 

\1.  h.i.i.l,  .l;<mcs Mil 

M    !•    iMiMll.  Kil     IKT. 

.1.1.  Kiiii>«l  .Wl 

•      ■      .1.1,  I'rancis  8 180,  Ml 

.'.t,  .Inlin Ml 

.lil..l"lin  W Ml 

'    .  .11,  r rm 

M    r,,il.,l.ilin 320 

Mi  I  ..■l:ill<'.  .1.  G 187 

M.i.  ,i\    ,I.>lin  H   2'7 

M.  ..  ,i.;;hl'V.S.  N WI2 

v.,|..|lll    2« 

1.  k   li<'V.  Jninps Mil 

.        111.  U.  II 1W,2«7,  2,V. 

^l   '  !■  -..r.  Will  5T2 

M<  II. ill It-'V.  Alexander 232 

M.  K.  ll/li',  \.  <i   ,W.' 

M.  I,.  ui\i'.  .liillll     231.  24!l 

\l    K.  II.  111.  IVIiT Mrj 

M.  iMii'llI,  W.IJ 2KI 

M.  I    .  .  n.  Ci.l.  II.  N .,.ir)l,  207 

M.  I...-I..V.  11,  II ft92 

'      I     ...I.Millln n:.,  IK),  222,  227 

M    1^    ..1.  W  illcl   S 222 

•I.  Mil  111,  ,Iillm'«       Wn 

M    M    '  ■ .  n     \    r. B«2 

'    ■  ■'   .■•■  TtM 

!«« 
,   MO 
\\  il:i.iiii  W    .47(1,  IHl,  ,'fll, 

41)7,  4!ll 

r     W     It    K» 

*«,  :kki 

?« 140,  1411 

Hniniiel     20,1 

...  K>3 

WIS 

241 

II I. 111;:.-  li'llillcv  II... 

I7r>,  IK.'.,  Ml,  4W 

'   w  It  -in 

'■       M  ..WIS 

.  iM 

.    .  MM 

IMI 

..  Ml 

.    W, 

-11 


P.\GE 

Meirlman,  Samuel  L li<fi,  2«0 

Mc.rlHiiiii.  Warren 262 

Me<ser,  Ueiijainin  E Ii^6 

Melz^er,  Charles Si's 

Mi'lzke,  FriU 595 

M.Miier,.I.  I"      27f 

Mevcr,  Ernst  2jJ5 

Mevfi,  .l.'lin  D 6S6 

Mevers.  ,Jaeob 596 

Miai-<.IJ.  I) 301. 

Mi.'liie,.!,  W  596 

Mile<,  Ciiarles  298 

HKllani,  ';eoii;e 220 

Miller,  Charles  D 24.5 

Miller,  Frank  A 24.'i 

Mlller,.Tolin  P 245,  373 

Miller,,!,  H 5% 

Miller,.!.  W 596 

Miller,  Miss  Nancy  E 182 

Miller,  I'eier 276 

Mlller,I'.S 350 

Miller,  R.ibertH  301 

Allller,  Col.  Stephen  A. .151,  l.M, 

1!H,  199 

Miller,  w  A rm 

Miller,  Walter... 1569 

Mllls,R  M  267 

Milne,  D.ivi.l  A 596 

Miiiei,  Aniiis.L .597 

Miiier.N.  H loe 

Mini!, .lames    3.59 

Mltehell,  Andrew  W  236 

M itehell,  ,T()lill 187 

Mileli.ll,  Samuel  Sr 231 

Miitwer,  ,liilin 697 

Miii'Lli'MC.  Louis 597 

Mi.lIall.Wni.  K 213,342 

M'.ltalt.  VI.  11 213,  342 

M.ihr,  E  597 

Miilin,A.V 597 

Molln-,  N 207 

M.ioney,  M.  CI ; ■  ■• .  .597 

Mii.ire,  Alexander 183,186 

.Moiire,  Nallriniel 314 

Moore,  Samuel ..    266 

M.ir;:aii.  D.iviil 184,180,204,  279 

Moriian.  Col.  (ieorce  N 188 

M.iriii,  Franeis 321 

M.irrell,  A.O 185 

Mirrlll,  AslilevC 186 

Morrison,  A.C .'>98 

Morrison.  H.  0.0 597 

Morrison,  CUiit.iii .598 

Morrison,  Doiilus 184 

M'lirison.  Franeis 28:1 

Morrison.  S.  I) 283 

Morin,  ,l.isi'i>li 3.'1 

Mortiiiier,E.  W 598 

Morlimer.t;.  W  699 

Moses,  Elias 699 

M.iise,  Kllsha 698 

M.1IS1-,  Fr.iiili  L .598 

Mors...  Frank  L 186 

Mir-e,(!iMirKe  A  598 

Mossi'aiix.  Charles 340 

M.inllon.  E.  II 599 

Monll.in.K  5M 

M.iiiiiell,  A.  II .599 

Miiell.T.  Jolin  n  699 

Mii.-ller,  Loirs  C .599 

MiilliU.-i.,  Win  ■'"99 

Miiiieli,C.i|>l.  Einll 1.14,  210 

Mnii^.'r,  Alliert  S 49:),  .5:>9 

M  iiiMiii,,!.  W IIUO 

Morphv,  A     6O0 

Mnri.iiv,  Klwarrt 173,  .U I 

Murphv,  .l.'lin  II 183,  Ml 

Mosser,.!.  I' 000 

Miiher,  W  rm 

Mver-i,  C.  W WX) 

Mvers,  ,laeol) 291 

Mvers,  W.  I)  «oo 

M\riek.  Nmlian l.W 

Navralll,  Fiank 002 

Nelll.  Kev.  E.lward  I)..   .188,  ,1^5, 

411,407,  470,  472,  (iU«,  0.1.5 

Nelll,  llleliard  214 

N.'lHiii,  11.  K 01)2 

Ni'Kiiii.  I'etnis 186 

Ni'isoii,  All   lew  H 602 

Nc  H.iii.Tlioinas,  "Forday" 002 

NeH«,  II.  r 001 

Nelllelon.Gen.  A.  B 002 

Ne*l»oin,  Aiigusl 004 


INDEX. 


ni 


PACiK 

Npwell.  E.  D I.     ..  ■>5-, 

Newell   (Jeo.  K.  .-L^t^^  ....557.  fiin 

^eiKleck,  I^w^s.-TT. fio."} 

Neiideck,  Ldiiis  W ■. ..  6o4 

Newman,  K    m± 

MclK.ls.G.n  G(W 

Niggler,  i;iiili)lpli 2:« 

Niiirt  J.  Newton 604 

Ncbles.  r..l. -vVni.  H liio 

Nol)le.  Win.  C 605 

Noel,  J.  P  Gi,5 

Noerenbei-fr,  Ancust  J no."; 

Noerenl)erf,',  F.  D 6t5 

Nolan,  jHine.s 61.5 

Noon  an.  Davii \  .321 

Noinian.  .7olin '..'.  60S 

North,  ,Iolin    W 183.  3G4,4>9  499 

Nortluup,  Anson  ....  isS,  364.  3T5, 

XT     .,  .,    ,  488,497,  606 

Nnitliiiip.  N.  .1 2>5 

Norton,  H:ii-vey  S 308 

Noiris,  J.  W.. '>i)i 

Nonis,  Ifobert  W 291 

Noiris,  W.  H 605 

Nott.w.s :.  ;;oG 

Nonr.se.  Ueol'Ke  A   l«6 

N";l(l.   W     H ,;(,7 

Nylier/,  W 607 

Oliprlies,  .Ti.lin 356 

O'Brien,  Ilenis 607 

O'Brien.  Capt.  Heiuy  D 204 

Odell,  Geoij^e         187,213 

Otlell,  Howard  C on 

Ofstie,  ,i(din  E 608 

Ottedal,  Gust.  M 608 

Ofiedal  .s 60S 

O'Gornian.  Lieut  141 

Ohm.  Thomas  .'...    2:i6 

Ohrmuudt,  Otto -vri 

O'Lear.v.C.  W !..  267 

Oleson,  J.  H 60s 

Oliver.H.C ;.  60S 

Olnislead,  David no 

Oisen,  Simon oos 

Olson.  OtIoT 608 

O  Mera,  .John .316 

O'Neii,  0.  D :  608 

Opitz,  Alliert  A ^27 

Orff.(ieorj;e  W 608 

Orinand,  Alexander  T 6O.3 

Orth,  Edward eoo 

Oith,,J(din (09 

Osander.P ;;  6o9 

Oswald,  H    .>fi3 

Oswald, .laoob g-n 

Oswald.  J   C gfio 

Oswa  Id.  U ' . ." '  a.'jo 

Otis,  Georjje  L \T>! 

Ottawav,  Thomas 336 

Overneker.  I.  VV an 

Oveilock,  E.  VV  ■;■.■;■  eoi) 

Overlock.  James  H '  t^io 

Owens.E.  A ' oio 

Oxlioroiifrh.  Thomas om 

PiiBe.  E.  H  ;.  2K 

Page.  Tlioin  IS 21fi 

PaRenkoiif.  .John '>^-; 

Paine.  Vvilliam  B 236 

Palmer,  Ahrain '"  2S0 

Palmer,  .Jonathan "  oin 

Palmer..!.  T '   "■  "Z 

Palmer,  L.R Jsfi 

Palmer,  VVilber .' 9°o 

Palmes,  A.  .J Gio 

J'arker,  Benjamin ic? 

Parker,  Dr.  C.  H '     010 

Parker,  David  C '  6in 

Parker,  Daniel  C 337 

Parker,  James  M 187,  337 

Parker.  L.  N 610 

PartridKe,  Henry  A VlSG,  489 

Parks,  Georpe j^- 

Parmenter.  G.  \V...        niii 

Parnienter.  E.  C  uio 

Parmenier,  H.  M ""oio 

Panish,  p ,,-^ 

Past, . John  G...  ■.•.isV,  2^8 

Past.  John  H ■j.-jj 

Paleh.  J.nl  her '.363,  494 

Pateh-n.E        ,|--j 

Patterson,  F.  F 610 

Patterson,  John 611 

Palters  n,  Levi  N .'.""  6tt 

Patten,  J.  M "•  ggj 


Paul.  J.  H 

Paulle,  L 

P  nlv.  .lames. 
Paviit.  «.  N 


PAGE 
..   611 

..  611 
..  611 
2  17 


Paviit.  W  H  ".'.V.'.'.'.'.'.V.  327 

Pa\ne.  James  M *>o7 

Pays,  Capt  J 175 

Pease,  H.  M ..249 

P.-irce,  Thomas  W.,  174, 184, 341.  551 

I'eiioi  net.  F.  M gn 

Fence,  .lolin  W 498,  611 

PellllPV,  I.  1.  611 

Perkins,  Ellet  P 201 

Perkins,  Dr.  EdwaidR 2.55 

Perkins,  (ieo.  F 612 

I'erkins.  .John      263 

Peleler.  Capt.  Francis 133,  205 

Peters.  Catherine 327 

Peters.  Thomas 221 

Peters  Herman  J 612 

I'elerson,     ndrew  612 

Pet' r.son.  A.  G 612 

Peterson,  Christian 351 

Peterson.  Fred 3,51 

Peterson.  H.  O ef 

Petersen.  I.  C 612 

Petersen,  Oliver 612 

Peterson,  Martin 612 

Peterson,  P.  M 230 

Peterson,  \V.  P 284 

Pettit.C.  H 184 

Peilijohn.  Eli 183,  215 

PpIii.  Jolin 359 

Pettiiifjill.M 613 

Petlit.  Wil  iam i87 

Pel  rasch.  John '  612 

Phelps.  E.J 613 

Phelps,  Sewell 187 

Phelps   .Slierinan 327 

Phillips,  (Jeorge  C 945 

Phillips  Nathan  O 354,  356 

Philips.  William     oiS 

Pike.l.ient.ZebulonMontgonierv  162 

PilNbiiry.  Charles  A 185,  613 

Pillshurv,  Charles  F 613 

P!,l,i\biiiy,  Fred.  0 613 

Pi   shurv,  Georjre  A 490,  G13 

Pillsbury,  Hon.  John  S.,  184,  159,  160 
D-         ,.    T^     ^T    ,  481,499,  613 

Pinault.  Dr.  N.  J...  .  907 

Place.  D.  N 991 

Ploch,C.E  614 

Plnmmer,  Frank 186,  613 


183 

..187,  489 

.186,  203 

...    186 

227 

614 

614 

.  . .    .    291 

614 

174.  183 


Pluinnier,  Jlenry  S 

Plnminer,  .IP 

Pliinimer,  Capt.  John  W 

Plnminer.  Jj.  p 

Poa;:e.  Miss  .Sa  rah 

Pomarleau.  Geo 

Pomerov,  15.  F      

Ponieiov,  Geo.  W 

Pomerov,  J.  L 

Pond,  Kev.  Gideon  H..    169 

Pond,  J.  H 

Pond.  Kev.  H.  VV...  . 

Pottle.  J.  M 

Poivin,  .Joseph 

Ponliot,  R  'main 

Ponnder.  Benjamin. 
Power,  Father  T.  L. 

Powers.  John  F 

Pratt,  F.  E 

Pratt,  K.  L 

Pratt.  Stephen 

Pray.  Otis  A    ^.,,  „,„ 

I  rescott,  A.  R 015 

Prescott.  Philander 173.213  .sio 

Prihble,  J.  T iso   997 

Pribble,  Seth  P ' 

I'ribble.  Turner 

Pride, .John  W '   "iss 

Priest,  L.  A 

Priest.  VV.  H 

Prior.  C.  H '. 

Proelil, Charles  

Prohl.  Henry 

Provan.  J.  J 

Pntnam  Geoix'e  VV... 
Putnam.  Capt.  Henry  R  . 
Quinii.Mrs.  Mary  Louisa 

Qniiin.  Peter...  .     17.5,222,359 

Qmidy,  Peter 616 

Quady,  Robert "616 


291 
301 
201 
615 
616 
615 
616 
337 
616 
185 
1.S9 
.   226 


Raiehe.Peter ^'^vM 

Radintz.  F SJ 

Kainey.  Thomas  G...  .        616 

Ramsey,  Hon.  Alexander...  131' 

T,       ,    „    „       .        13  .  H5,  153,  178,"  247 

Randall,  Benjamin  H im 

Rank.  John  P ""  617 

Rankin.  LS  ..  la/j 

R'likinu.  Christian..;;:;:  : 391 

|5"iV""!AKobert i7V:361 

Ranen,  Jacob '  0,7 

Ranen,   Peter «,7 

Kause,  William  H.... 100 

Raymond    Thomas ; g^ 

Rayineiiton.  L.   VV  kit 

g*-''- :J:'i'V  p  , ..:::i^;4sV,  6!7 

ReaehK  Joseph 175  339 

R-es.  GiistavHs cio 

Rees.R        iV* 

Reeves,  ,LW ;; SA? 

Vu:YT ■.:.•■-■••;::  M8 

Re"d;i^:5!:;. iss.ss.  6.8 

R.id.  i,.M '.■.■.■.■.". ^1 

Reid.  Win.  R „,'? 

Reidhead.P.  W  ..   vij 

Reiiikiiif.  Frederich :: 321 

Reiser,  Geoi-cre "  ore 

Reisei.  Joseph  B T„% 

Rey,  Michael.  "' 

Rhiiart,  .S.  T 


351 
6lg 


Ri'ce'E"A!'  ^''"■'''■''•"•'••■•■ieoiiVe,  487 

giT-  H,'!V,H*-iii-.v  m;  U7, 156;  176;  m 

Rich.  Elijah  oii 

Ricii,.s.  M iri 

Ri  hards.  Edinond  A...  giq 

Richa'dson,  Jesse...  oJo 

Ricliardson,  J.  N....        "  Jjj 

Richardson.  Tliomas..;.: til 

Richter.C.H %]% 

Rideont.  F.  C ^.l* 

5'ps,  Rev.  Stephen  R;;;;v.v.i38;  i?2 

Riley,  Matthew  O ; .    937 

^  ^'  619 


Riiev.  Kev  T.  M 

Ring,  Rev.  J(din fi,q 

Rinker.  A^idrew ;;::;  gig 

2.36 

620 

327 


Ritchie.  PeteL 

Rober.  Lewis 

Robert,  A :;;""' 

Robert.  Henry 

Robert.  Louis 

Roberts,  .\lbert  .. 

R  ■berts,  Win.  P..   .     

Roberlson.  James  . . ; : ; 

Robertson,  .James  K. 
Robertson,  L.  K    .   . 
Robinson.  Alfred  B... 

Robinson, A. C 

Robinson.  Charles 

Robinson,  Charles  N    ...'" 

Robinson,  D.  L 

Robinson,  E.  A ;        175 

Robinson,  George  R  ... 

Robinson,  R  

Robinson,  S.C 

Ro( 111,  Nicholas... 

Roeller,  M 

Roi-nier, 


..  327 

143 

316 

6-20 

...  620 
....  246 
-...  620 
....  246 
...  620 
■  176  621 
...  621 
620 
.306 
186 
213 
621 
337 
621 


303. 


Mrs.  Eliza  J ;;".;.;  262 


Rogers,  B.  C 

Rogers,  G.  D .::::: 

Rogers.  N  

Rogers.  Richard . . . . .'.    

Rog-rs,  Itichard  C 

Rohlftng,  Frederick... 

Rollins,  Capt.  John...i7S.'i.so;  Vss' 

315,  368,  487,  494,' 531 !  622 


621 
621 
621 
622 
622 
246 


Rollins.  M.  B 
Rollit.  Rev.  Charles 

Roijdi.  W.T 

Rondo.  .losepli. . 

Roots,  J.  VV ;; 

Rosaniler.  A.  J 

Roshach.  Nic.  A... 

Rose.  A.  S.  F" 

Ross,  Samuel 

Rosser.  Gen.  T.  L 

Roth.  Barney 

Roth.  H.  A  ...... 

Rothaker,  Chas.  h 

Roths,  Jacob .„ 

Rongier,  Nelson ; JlS 

Rouse,  W.H JgJ 


..  6S3 

215 
623 
359 
623 
276 
623 
623 
184 
623 
624 
624 
624 
.■)3S 


712 


IXPEX. 


PAOR 

•,wav..I.r 284 

■  \.   CuV.    II.    1I..I2S.  130,  145. 

iri<»,  1G2,  1TI.  176.  3«i 

H.  O ;»",  428.  4in 

.1    K :«•?.  4'JC,  419 

I.    !•■     631 

.^,,11.  I' 031 

■  •.11  wnilain axi 

I  iKIIlia!! 32!< 

Mil 310 

M fi31 

,.  1.  .1 631 

.r.o.  U 031 

I    <;.  A 2.W 

'        rw 3U0 

.ia» 031 

MK ISO 

1 221 

iMllllim  W 631 

1 352 

1,1-.  H 632 

■  ICIir-rt  J 232 

..I.I, 221 

AlliHH 18«,  225.  B32 

AllilKtt  .1 1M.  2;i2 

Col.  It.  K 14.'>.  146 

r.  A   3.V2 

C.  II 0:!2 

rii»<i.  W i«;,  CM 

Kc  WlltClllllOil 187,  2!(7 

Krl.Hllo  T....    1K4 

KM 6.33 

K.  I. 6,32 

<;i'iin:<' 033 

FuMiii.iii,  It 221 

Cfiirvc 6.33 

(;<Miri:<-  F 6.33 

<; LI-  II 2!I2 

<;.  \V 267 

HuillsN 2.12 

.1.  A    633 

.l:iMiii  \v      o:t3 

,1.  K  ...  (M 

.Ihiim'n ;v>2 

nil.   Mis 3.Vi 

ll«ll.    KoIh'II ,372 

lll.ii.  \V      633 

■i;,  ,lolill      170 

iiu.  I  <>l.  Joslali 'lit,3 

I.e.   I, 0.13 

•  ..S,    I" 04 

M..ln.c|lll.                                   .  fi;ti 

Ml.  Kii»at«l                         ..  2;i2 

.1    .1    l>                                      ..  277 

■        \                                   , .  277 

I  I                                  , .  250 

"■      \                             ,    ..  0:14 

n                          .  2()l 

I.                               ..  IM 

..  o:i4 

.■«!« 

II  i:t» 

.  (i;i4 

.  .  IM 

(I.e. 

177.  1X1 

'  I'.Ul 

I.  ■     M  2li; 

1 .  22:1 

.  ,   V.'l 

.    .  VXI 

II  2;i7 

..  2.17 
I  ..  (tUl 


171 

nt'i 


lAGH 

Slewait.  nainald  C 237 

.Stewart.  l!i-v.  Daniel 039 

.siewait.  L.  M 640 

Sliiison.  Watennan 374 

.Slilllsuli.O.  K 640 

.Slnoktcll,  E.  H 640 

Slnlie.  A 640 

SKuiirli.  .Samuel 176,  212 

Stdwell.  K.  M 184 

Mranalian.  .1.  F Ml 

Slniii);.  .lolin  II 185 

Sliotliiiiaii.  K.  K 040 

Stniiliiiiaii.  .1.  H 641 

Slioiit.(iipl.l!icliard.l47, 186,  213,  602 

SInlilis.C.  K 277 

SIiiIpIi.s.  llc-lirv 277 

Si  \  HIT.  Daniel  S 267 

Snllivan.  Daniel 641 

Siiilv.(ien.  Allied 134,  1.53 

Sully,  .lames  187 

Simmer.  Klnwr  II 641 

Siitlierlatid,  Bvron 641 

Siittiin.  W.  1) 041 

SviiiliiM).  (ieorge 641 

S\kes.  K.  T 642 

Swaiilu'iK.  N.  1' 641 

Swausiin,  ( '.  .1  356 

Sweiiseu.  Peter  P 041 

Swettt.O.T 642 

S\viel{.  .Iiisepli 642 

Taiiuii.  .1.  \V 642 

Taopl.  Iniiiau "  150 

Tapper.  Caiit.  .Iolin,..177,  352.  369,  375 

Tale.  Mehin  C 642 

T.imt'es,  Adam 287 

TaiilKes.  IVter 208 

Ta\liir.  A.  I! 042 

Tavlni.  Arnold  W     304 

Tavlnr.  I).  1 642 

Tavloi.  K.C 043 

Tavlor.  II.  B... 368 

Tea.s.  (Jilison 277 

Temstecit.  ■Inlianne.s 643 

Tenant.  C.  K 643 

Teimaiil.li.  H 043 

Teniiv.  .lolm  I. IHO 

Teirv.Cen.  Alfred  U 102 

Tidd.  Isalali 044 

Tillenv.  I. s.W 

Tirreil.  Cheslev  1$ 185,  204,  2.37 

Tlnki-liiaimli.  .1.  1$ 045 

TksiiI.  lt,.v.  Felix 645 

Tiilernd.  IC.  M 645 

Titus.  I).  II 045 

'I'llaralSdIl.  A 185,  643 

Tlia\er,A.  A 2!)2 

Tiiaver.  Kev.  C'liarles 206 

I  lla\er.  1)  iviil   I! 297 

T  layer.  Samuel  K 186 

Tlienl.ald,  Lmils (V43 

Tlillindi-aii.  It &43 

Tlieileii.  Charles 643 

Tlilry.  Frank .350 

Tlumias.  C.il.  Miii'.r  T 151,  199" 

Tliiiiiilin.  Aiilliiiney... 644 

Tliiiinxoii.  Aiiiiustln 266 

Tl jKiiii.  .\.  P 223 

TliMinpMiii.Cliirk  W 147 

TliiiiiipMin.  K.  I' 044 

'rhiimpsi.n, .!..  .Ir I8B 

TlKiiiipsim,  ,liilin 044 

Th pMiii.  .liihn 644 

Til pviii,  ,1.  II 044 

'I  lii'iiipHHii.  ,1.  ,\l 644 

Tie  iiipson.  Nathaniel  K 186 

Tl i| K.  It     tm 

Thniii|K,,ii,  T (144 

III' Ilkr.  FraneN 184 

riimnliiii.  Fiaiik  .M 214 

riiiiriiir.  «;.  W 187 

TmiIiI.  .lulliis  C 645 

■|"dd.  K.  (• 645 

T"II'  I1 A 645 

Iniiiiivlt.  i;    E 046 

TdMiiliy.  I, i;k, 

■|..il«l.,y.  I).  V 186,  016 

Tmh,  IS.  F.  K 040 

Ti.w.r-.  S.  I (J40 

Tinu'ls.  S.  1 646 

liiwile.  I.    M 64.-. 

Tiiniis.nil.i;.  It 046 

r-'WIis I.lieo.  W 213 

riiwiisenil,  Henry,  Jr., 213 

I'litMiiieiid,  Henry 186.  213 


INDEX. 


713 


PAGE 

Towiisend,  Miss  Mary 214 

Townsend,  Robeit 213 

Townsend.  William  H 1S4 

Tracy,  C.  W 040 

Traeger,  August 640 

Trott,  William 327 

Trussel,  J.  H 301 

Tscluidy.  J.  J 293 

Tuckev,  E.  A 237 

Turner,  P.  H .  250 

Turnliaui,  ,1 277 

Tuttle,  Calvin  A.,  173. 176, 184, 238,  soi 
370,  373,  40!) 

Twomblev,  Abraham 300 

Twist,  J.  D 277 

Tyler,  E 307 

Tyler,  .Tames  A :  047 

Tyler,  T.  S 047 

Underwood,  A.  J 185,  205 

Ueland,  A 047 

UnsL'aaril.  .Iiilin 047 

Upliani.  I'ranklin 047 

Uploii,  Cliarles  H 047 

Upton .  K.  r 047 

Vail,  G.  T 548,  050 

Valentine,  A.  T C3l 

Valentine,  L.  D 051 

Vaugsnes.  O.  1' 050 

Van  Cleve,  Charlotte,  O  048 

Van  Cleve,  Gen.  Horatio  P..  .133, 

134, 191,  494,  468,  648 

Van  Cleve,  S.  H mo 

Van  der  Horck,  Capt.  .J 148 

Vanderburgh,  Hon.   Charles  E, 

185,  470,  487,  488,  651 

Vanhorn,  Milo 631 

Van  Ness,  (iarrittJr 230 

Van  Vest,  Hiram 3.53 

Van  Valkenburg,  Henry 6.51 

Van  Valkenberg,  N.  C 051 

Veine.  John 302 

Von  Minden,  Capt 1.34 

Vorwerk,  Louis 651 

Wabasha,  (Indian,) 150 

Wagner,  Leonard 284 

Wales  Bros.,  Arthui-  &  Phillip. .    0.52 

Wales,  C.  E c.52 

Wales,W.  W.  Jr 293,  0.52 

Walke.C.B 653 

Walker,  ¥.C C53 

Walker,  G.F 653 

Walker,  J.  C 6.53 

Walker,  John  S 180 

Walker,  Maj.  L.  C 147,  18t 

Walke r,  T.  li 652 

Wall,  Mrs.  John 653 

Walsh,  E.F 277 


PAGE 

Walsh,  Mathew 653 

Walter,  John 653 

Walton ,  Swan 653 

Wamboldt.  A.  W 277 

Ward,  Charles  H 187,  293 

Warner,  Geo.  F 653 

Warner.N.  F 654 

Warwick,  Thomas 293 

Washburn,  John 654 

Washburn,  Hon.  W.  D.. 184,  481,     • 
475,  654 

Washburn,  William  P 654 

"Washington,  (ieorge 268 

Watkius,  Samuel 176 

Watson,  John 654 

AVeaver.  .Josiah 327 

Webb.  F.    W 321 

Wi-idi'iibadi.  A 208 

Wc-inand,  I'cter 321 

Wciuaiil,  I'eter 185 

Weuiard.  Frederick 6.54 

Weiugert.  Peter 655 

Weitzel,  Frank 304 

Welch, Ma.i 148 

Wellman,  E 297 

Welles,  H.  T.,  175,  367,  370,  379,378. 

472,  476,  ii^ 

Wells,  Chas.  L 6.56 

Wells.  G.  G 655 

Wensinger,  John 656 

Wentworth,  Frank 656 

V/erthmann,  J 656 

West,E.  B 657 

West,John 493,  656 

West,  Capt 134 

West.  William  Jr 230 

We  St  ling,  Andrew  G 6.57 

Westling,  L.  J 657 

Westphal,  August 321 

Westphal.  H.  A 6.56 

Wetbern,  George 293 

Whalon ,  Henry 222 

Whaloii,  Martin  S 222 

Whipple, J.C 142 

Whipple,  Ivnight  H 246 

Whipple,  Milton 6.57 

Whitcomb,  Capt.  Geo.  C 147,  209 

Whitcomb,  S.  (J 658 

White,  Edwin 657 

White,  Wm.  O 657 

Whitehouse,  William  T 262 

Wliitnev,  Franklin 185 

Whitney,  .loseph  C 184,198,  657 

Whitney,  O.  B 658 

Wickings.  W.  C 658 

WUcox.J.  F 658 


PAGE 
Wilkin,  Col.  Alexander,  151,  155, 

200,  231 

Williams,  Dr.  A.  D 293 

Williams,  David 658 

Williams,  George 658 

Williams, Henry 658 

Williams,  J.  C 186 

Williams,  John  f Brooklyn) 293 

Williams,  John 268 

Williams,  Jesse  T 658 

Williams,  Martin  S 658 

Williams,  S.  AI 659 

Williams,  Thomas  Hale 367 

Williamson,  J.  M 328,  655 

Williamson,  Kev.  Thos.  S  ,  M.  D. 

138,171,  468 

Wilson,  Charles 361 

Wilson,  Eugene  M 185,206,  469 

Wilson,  (i.  B 059 

Wilson,  Horace 187,214 

Wilson,  John 659 

Wilson.  Jos.  P 659 

Wilson, M.D 659 

Wilson,  W 214 

Wilniot,  L.  B 328 

Winchell,N.H 5.55,  659 

Wing,  Rev.  K.  W 660 

Wing,  Thomas 660 

Winhell.  P 184 

Winter.  Iliiiry  T 660 

Witbci-k,  Stephen  L 214 

Witt,  Cliarles     284 

Wold,  <).  G 661 

Wolf,  Anton 284 

Wolf,  Jacob 237 

Wolter,  Christian 293 

Wolverton  Jacob 186,489,  661 

Woodbury,  C.T 185 

Woodbury.  Dwight 184 

Woodbury,  H 367 

Woods,  C.  H 488,  661 

Woods,  M 661 

Woodward,  D 2.57 

Woodward.  E.  J 213 

Woodward.  W.W 213,  346 

Woodwortb.E.  P 328 

WoolU'V.  .lohnG  661 

Wooster,  Dr.  S.  J 277 

Worrall.  James  C 661 

Young,  Judge  A.  H 185,  488,  662 

Young,  James  D 314,  370 

Younger  Boys 159 

york,R.  W 661 

Zaliner.  Frank 602 

Zcrun.  Xatlianial, 662 

Zirbes,  William 284 


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