o
J -
HAHNE^IANN.
HISTORY
OF
HOMOEOPATHY
AND
ITS INSTITUTIONS IN AMERICA
Their Founders, Benefactors, Faculties, Officers, Hospitals, Alumni, Etc.,
with a Record of Achievement of Its Representatives
in the "World of Medicine
UllustrateD
VOLUNIE I
EDITED BY
WILLIAM HARVEY KING, M. D., LL. D.
Dea.n of the Fa.culty Ne-w York Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital
NEW YORK CHICAGO
THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
Copyright, 1905
BY
LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
New York :: Chicago
To
SAMUEL CHRISTIAN FRIEDERICH HAHNEMANN
and the
GERMAN PROVERS
This Work Is Dedicated
No mere Words can Adequately Express the Affection
and Loyalty nvhich e'very True Homoeopathist must feel
for Hahnemann and His Co-ivorkers. If these Volumes
of the History of Homoeopathy and its Institutions in
America in the Least Degree do Honor to Our Master,
then They have not been Written in Vain
INTRODUCTION
The homceopathic school of medicine was founded in Germany, but
its growth has been most noteworthy in America. This has been due not
to greater abihty on the part of Hahnemann's followers in this country,
nor to greater loyalty and enthusiasm among the adherents of homoe-
opathy here, but to liberal laws which have enabled the physicians of this
school to establish colleges where the law of similia s-irnilibus curantur
could be properly taught, and physicians graduated who had not been
prejudiced against it by contact with the allopathic profession, whose chief
aim was to imbue the mind of the students with a belief in its supposed
fallacies. The same spirit of liberality that encouraged the building of
colleges also opened the way for the founding of hospitals and clinics,
wherein the superiority of the homoeopathic treatment has been established.
To record the growth of these institutions in America and the labors of
the men who established them under trying circumstances, often fighting
their way through storms of opposition, rising above all difficulties, is the
province of this work.
Thirty years ago Dr. Carroll Dunham undertook the preparation of
a history of homoeopathy, but ill health and an untimely death prevented
its completion by his hand, and others took up the task he was obliged to
relinquish. This history appeared in a supplemental volume of the tran-
sactions of the World's Homoeopathic Convention held in Philadelphia
during the centennial of 1876. The substantial growth of homoeopathy in
America has been since that time. Then scarcely a homoeopathic college
owned any property, and there Avere few well-equipped homoeopathic hos-
pitals in the land. To be sure, some vigorous homceopathic societies ex-
isted, and it is to their vigor and activity that we owe the chief part of
our advancement. These societies have been the organized force of the
school. They have furnished it with inspiration and have, at the same
time, been its critics. They have acted as censors on colleges and facul-
ties, and m many ways have been the parent of the vigorous homoeopathy
of to-day. We owe much tO' those men who, early foreseeing the difficul-
ties which were to beset the establishment of a new school of medicine,
INTRODUCTION vii
and recognizing the necessity of an organized force, were moved to estab-
lish the first national medical society in the United States, the American
institute of Homoeopathy.
Like tribute may be paid to the genius of those who organized the
state societies, which in time came to exercise a strong influence over
state legislatures, as it is these bodies which govern medical practice in
this country, and conserA'e the welfare of the whole school. The history
of medical legislation as it relates to our school to-day is interesting,
showing what was done by a small band of men who believed in their
cause, and asked for nothing but justice against a powerful organization
actuated by malice, hatred, and ofttimes by superstition. Were it not
for the work done by our state societies most of the institutions that we
have to-day would not be in existence.
Another potent force in the building up of the homoeopathic school
of medicine has been its literature as presented in its journals and text
books. The same wisdom that foresaw the necessity of organization
foresaw the necessity of an individual literature. Homoeopathic jour-
nals were early established, not only carrying each month fresh encour-
agement to the physicians of the school, but bringing much help in the
way of new provings. thus widening their therapeutic field. At the
same time these journals kept abreast of the best there was in the whole
domain of medicine and surgery. Text books of 'homoeopathic thera-
peutics were issued by the score within a comparatively short time after
the establishment of the school in America. Thus it was that the homoeo-
pathic physician became independent of his allopathic rival and enemy,
and the increasing strength of his school g^ave him confidence in his
system and confidence in himself.
All this, however, was only the means to an end. The real strength
of the entire system lay in the superiority of the homoeopathic principle
over the empiricism of the then dominant school of practice. But no
matter how great an advancement our system may ha^'e been over that
already in practice, it could not by its truth alone have made headway
against bigotry, wdiich is sometimes called conservatism, together with
an animositv which is not scientific and which in this case reflects no
credit on the self-styled regular school of medicine.
It was no easy task that our predecessors set for themselves in es-
tablishing a new school of medicine under these conditions, and what
we are to-day. and what we will be in the future, we owe to the ability,
energy and self-sacrificing cliaracter of those who fought the battle when
viii INTRODUCTION
it was raging hottest and who never swerved from the course they had
laid out for themselves. It is to preserve the work of these men that
this history has been written.
This history of homoeopathy takes up events in their natural se-
quence. After a resume of Hahnemann's life and the events attending
the founding of the system in Europe, it brings us to America with the
landing in New York of Hans Burch Gram and the planting of homoe-
opathy in the metropolis. Of much greater importance, however, was
the landing of Constantine Hering and his comrades, and the opening
of the Allentown Academy, afterwards the college in Philadelphia. That
was really the nucleus of the homceopathic school in America. From
these two points the growth of homoeopathy in every state, city and
territory, and the founding of societies, colleges and hospitals are taken
up in convenient order.
In preparing a comprehensive history of homoeopathy and its insti-
tutions, it has been necessary to draw information from many and varied
sources. The names of the collaborators are sufficient to guarantee the
sincerity and thoroughness of the work. They are not only the repre-
sentative men and women of the school, but the subjects upon which
they have written have been those of which they were above all the most
competent to treat, and their personal sympathy and interest has given
to their papers a value which could not attach to the work of the ordinary
writer of historical facts. Each contributor has done his work cheer-
fully, and any words which might be set down here, no matter how
fulsome in praise, would but poorly express the appreciation which the
editor and publishers feel for their careful and faithful assistance.
The great aim has been reliability, and no pains have been spared
to make it such a work as will live in the annals of true historv.
THE COLLABORATORS
William Harvey King, M.D., LL.D. . . New York City
Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M.D. . . . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Willis Alonzo Dewey, M.D Ann Arbor, Michigan
Pemberton Dudley, M.D., LL.D. . . . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
George Theodore Shower, M.D. . . . Baltimore, ^Maryland
Daniel A. MacLachlan, M. D. . . . Detroit, Michigan
George Royal, M.D Des Moines, Iowa
Charles Edgar Walton, M.D., LL.D. . Cincinnati, Ohio
JiRAH Dewey Buck, M.D Cincinnati, Ohio
James Polk Willard, M.D Denver, Colorado
Andrew Leight Monroe, M.D Louisville, Kentucky
William Davis Foster, M.D Kansas City, Missouri
Howard Roy Chislett, M.D Chicago, Illinois
LuciEN Claude McElwee, M.D Saint Louis, Missouri
Allen Corson Cowperthwaite, M.D., Ph.D., LL.D. Chicago, Illinois
John Blair Smith King, M.D Chicago, Illinois
David Herrick Beckwith, M.D. . . . Cleveland, Ohio
James Richey Horner, A.M., M.D. . . . Cleveland, Ohio
Gaius J. Jones, M.D Cleveland, Ohio
Wilbert B. Hinsdale, M.D Ann Arbor, Michigan
Guernsey Penny Waring, M.D Evanston, Illinois
M; Belle Brown, M.D New York City
Annie S. Higbie, M.D New York City
John Preston Sutherland, M.D. . . . Boston, Massachusetts
James William Ward, M.D San Francisco, California
Henry C. Allen, Chicago, Illinois
Lewis Cass Aldrich Binghamton, New York
CONTENTS
PAGE
CHAPTER I
The Subject Introduced — Discovery in Medical Science — Brief Allusion to the Founder
— Homoeopathy in Germany — Bohemia — Austria — Russia — France — Italy — Amer-
ica— Sweden — Great Britain — Spain — Belgium — Cuba 17
CHAPTER H
The Beginnings of Flomoeopathy — Hahnemann, the Founder — His Birth and Educa-
tion— His Trials and Triumphs — His Death — Brief Allusion to Some of the
Provers, Disciples of the Founder 22
CHAPTER HI
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW YORK
Introductory Observations — Condition of Homoeopathy at the Time of Gram's Arrival
in America — He Settles in New York — His Practice and Followers — Homoeo-
pathic Medical Societies, State and Local — Hospitals and Charitable Institutions —
The Pioneers of Homoeopathy in New York 44
CHAPTER IV
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW YORK — (CONTINUED)
The Cholera Epidemic of 1832 — Hahnemann an Honorary Member of the New York
Medical Society — The Pioneer Homoeopathic Medical Society — Reminiscences of
Early Homoeopathic Practitioners — Curtis — Kirby — Vanderburgh^ — Paine — Dutcher
— Wright — Ball — Freeman — Cook — Bowers — Harris — Palmer — McVickar — Joslin —
Belcher — Stewart — Hallock — Quin — Wells — A Chapter of Reminiscences 76
CHAPTER V
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW YORK — (CONTINUED)
Outspreading of the Homoeopathic Doctrine from New York City into the Several
Counties of the State — The Pioneers and Their Trials and Triumphs — Reminis-
cences and Sketches 94
CHAPTER VI
HOMOEOPATHY IN PENNSYLVANIA
Introductory Remarks — Primacy of Pennsylvania in Homceopalhic Institutions — Ho-
moeopathic Medical Society of Pennsylvania — Other State and Local Societies —
Allentown Academy — Recollections of Early Practitioners — Detwiller. the Pre-
scriber — Wesselhoeft and Freytag, the Founders — Becker and Helfrich, the
Preacher Physicians — Ihm, the Pioneer m Philadelphia — Hering, the Prover. Phil-
osopher, Scientist and Founder — Brief Allusion to Other Early Practitioners — Lists
of Pioneer Physicians — Homoeopathic Dispensaries iii
CHAPTER VII
HOMOEOPATHY IN VIRGINIA
Early Introduction of Hahnemann's System in the West and Southwest — Virginia
Societies — Allentown Academy Bears Good Fruit — The Pioneer in Virginia a
Layman — The Caspar! Brothers — Campos — Hardy — Hobson — Atw-ood — Hughes —
Other Early Practitioners in the Old Dominion 162
CONTENTS xi
CHAPTER VIII.
HOMOEOPATHY IN OHIO
-Gradual Introduction of Homoeopathy in the West — Cope, the Pioneer of the New-
System in Ohio— Beckwith's Recollections of Sturm — Pulte, the Pioneer and
Founder of a Great School of Medical Learning — Cholera Plague of 1849 and
Later Years — Homoeopathy attacked by the Old Enemy — Early Homoeopaths in
Cincinnati and Cleveland — Attempts to Establish a Medical College — Eclectic Med-
ical Listitute Establishes a Chair of Homoeopathy — Reminiscences of Early Prac-
titioners 166
CHAPTER IX
HOMOEOPATHY IN OHIO — (CONTINUED)
Purpose of the Homoeopathic Society of Cincinnati — Hill of the Ecletlic Medical In-
stitute of Cincinnati Converted to Plomoeopathy — Shepherd, Ijie Pioneer in Hamil-
ton County — Reminiscences of Early Physicians — Pulte, the Founder, Scholar and
Physician — The Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine 177
CHAPTER X
HOMOEOPATHY IN LOUISIANA
Condition of Medicine in Louisiana in Martin's Time — The Southern Homceopathic
Medical Association — Charity Homoeopathic Hospital — Dr. Joseph Martin, the
Pioneer Homoeopath in Louisiana — Taft, the Second Practitioner — Reminiscences
of Other Early Homoeopathic Practitioners 188
CHAPTER XI
HOMOEOPATHY IN MARYLAND
The Maryland Homoeopathic State Medical Society — Other Societies — Felix R. Mc-
Manus, the Pioneer — His Life and Experiences — Schmidt, the Prussian Convert
— Haynel, the German, and Busch, the Saxon — Cyriax, Hardy and Geiger — List of
Early Practitioners 194
CHAPTER XII
HOMOEOPATHY IN CONNECTICUT
The First Prescriber of Homoeopathic Doses in Connecticut — Early Planting and Sub-
sequent Growth of Homa-opathy in the State — Societies and Hospitals — The
Taylors, Father and Son — New Milford First to Have a Homoeopathic Physician
— The Tatts in Hartford — John Schue — Introduction of the New System in the
Counties — Pioneers, Early Practitioners and Reminiscences — List of Old Practi-
tioners 200
CHAPTER XIII
HOMOEOPATHY IN MASSACHUSETTS
How the Seed was First Sown in the Old Bay State — New York Furnishes the Pioneer
—Gregg and Flagg, the Standard Bearers — Their Followers and Proselytes — The
Homoeopathic Fraternity of ]\Iassachusetts — Its Organization and Membership —
The Massachusetts Homceopathic Medical Society — Brief Allusion to the Homoeo-
pathic Institutions, and the Pioneers of the Profession in the Several Counties of
the Commonwealth 210
CHAPTER XIV
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW JERSEY
Occupation of New Jersey by Homoeopaths from New York on the North and Phila-
delphia on the West— The First Practitioner Converts from the Allopathic Ranks
— Dr. Isaac Moreau Ward, the Pioneer — Early Society Organization — Pioneers of
Homoeopathy in the Several Counties of New Jersey — Reminiscences of Prom-
inent Early Practitioners 240
xii CONTENTS
CHAPTER XV
HOMOEOPATHY IN VERMONT
Sowing the Seed of Homoeopatliy in the Old Green Mountain State — Baird, the Inde-
pendent, Self-Educated and Successful Practitioner, the Pioneer — Brief Allusion
to State, District and County Societies — How and by Whom Homoeopathy was
Introduced in the Counties of Vermont 258
CHAPTER XVI
HOMOEOPATHY IN DELAWARE
Treatment of Gosewisch at the Hands of Delaware Allopaths — His Great Work_ for
Homoeopathy — Harlan, the Second Homoeopathic Physician in the State — Quinby
— Negendank — Swinney — Curtis — Lawton — Tantum '. 269
CHAPTER XVn
HOMOEOPATHY IN RHODE ISLAND
Parlin, the Pioneer of Homoeopathy in Rhode Island — His Accomplishments and Polit-
ical Misfortunes — Early Homoeopathic Practitioners in the Several Towns of the
State — Reminiscences, Statistics and Biography 275
CHAPTER XVni
HOMOEOPATHY IN KENTUCKY
A Hospitable Welcome Greets Homoeopathy in Kentucky — Bernstein, the Pioneer,
Finds Warm Friends Among the Allopaths — Their Estimate of His Worth — Early
Practitioners in Various Parts of the State — A Chapter of Statistics, Reminis-
cences and Biography 282
CHAPTER XIX
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE
Dr. Moses Atwood, a Convert of Gregg's, the Pioneer of Homoeopathy in New Hamp-
shire— The State Homoeopathic Medical Society — Early Practitioners in the Sev-
eral Counties 289
CHAPTER XX
HOMOEOPATHY IN INDIANA
Dr. Isaac Coe, the Pioneer of Homceopathy in Indiana, was Hull's Converted Allopath
— Outspreading of the Practice in the State — The State and Other Homoeopathic
Medical Societies — Recollections of Early Practitioners — A Table of Converts.,. 295
CHAPTER XXI
HOMOEOPATHY IN MAINE
Early Homoeopathy in the Pine Tree State — Characteristics of the Early Practitioners
— The State and Other Medical Societies — Sandicky, the Itinerant Homoeopath —
His Converts and Followers — List of Early Practitioners 303
CHAPTER XXII
HOMOEOPATHY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Brief Allusion to the Hahnemann Monument — Ceremonies of the Unveiling — The
Washington Convention — Homoeopathic Societies and Hospitals — Dr. John Piper,
the First Homoeopathic Physician in the District of Columbia — Reminiscences and
List of Early Practitioners 315
CHAPTER XXIII
HOMOEOPATHY IN MICHIGAN
Beginnings of Homoeopathy in Michigan — Early Practitioners all Converted Allopaths
— Record of Medical Societies — Hall and Lamb, the Pioneers — Reminiscences and
Lists of Early Practitioners 322
CONTENTS xiii
CHAPTER XXIV
HOMOEOPATHY IN GEORGIA
This State not Highly Productive of Homoeopathic History— Gilbert and Schley, the
Pioneers— Reminiscences of Other Early Practitioners 334
CHAPTER XXV
HOMOEOPATHY IN WISCONSIN ^
The Pioneers of Homoeopathy in Wisconsin— The Conditions There Described by Dr.
Chittenden— Wisconsin State Homoeopathic Medical Society— Recollections of the
Pioneers and Their Early Experiences— List of Old Practitioners 337
CHAPTER XXVI
HOMOEOPATHY IN ALABAMA
Homoeopathy Never Strong in Alabama— Dr. Monroe Describes Some Early Ex-
periences— The State Medical Association — Ulrich and Schafer, the Pioneers —
Later Accessions to the Homoeopathic Ranks — Reminiscences and Tables of Early
Practitioners 342
CHAPTER XXVII
HOMOEOPATHY IN ILLINOIS
Early Homoeopathic Conditions in Illinois — Experiences of Dr. David Sheppard Smith,
Allopath and Homoeopath— Zabina Eastman and the "Western Citizen "—Effects
of the Chicago Fire of 1871 on Homoeopathy in that City — Homoeopathic Medical
Societies and Hospitals — Reminiscences and Lists of Early Homoeopathic Prac-
titioners 345
CHAPTER XXVIII
HOMOEOPATHY IN MISSOURI
Early Homoeopathy in Missouri — Subsequent Growth of the System — Dr. John Temple
and His Works — Medical Societies and Hospitals — Reminiscences and Lists of
Early Homoeopathic Practitioners 3^3
CHAPTER XXIX
HOMOEOPATHY IN TENNESSEE
Nashville a Center of Medical Education — Experiences of Drs. Harsh, Wheaton and
Kellogg, Early Homoeopathic Practitioners in Tennessee — Homoeopathic Medical
Society of Tennessee — Reminiscences and List of Early Practitioners in the State 369
CHAPTER XXX
HOMOEOPATHY IN TEXAS
Introduction of Hahnemann's System in the Lone Star State — The Texas Homoeo-
pathic Medical Association — Dr. Parker, the Pioneer — His Life and Works — Other
Early Practitioners in Various Parts of the State 373
CHAPTER XXXI
HOMOEOPATHY IN CALIFORNIA
Homoeopathy Finds Lodgment on the Pacific Slope in 1849 — Pioneers were both
Physicians and Gold Hunters — The State Medical Society — Benjamin Ober, the
Pioneer Homoeopath — Reminiscences and List of Practitioners Zll
CHAPTER XXXII
HOMOEOPATHY IN IOWA
Trials of Dr. Beck, the First Homoeopathic Physician in Iowa — Subsequent Permanent
Introduction and Development of the New System in the State — Iowa Medical
Societies — Reminiscences and List of Early Practitioners 38S
xiv CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXXIII
HOMOEOPATHY IN MINNESOTA
Relations of Civil and Homoeopathic History in Minnesota — Planting Hahnemann's
System in the State — Societies and Hospitals— Reminiscences of Early Practi-
tioners 389
CHAPTER XXXIV
^ HOMOEOPATHY IN MISSISSIPPI
The Planting of Homoeopathy in Mississippi by Dr. Davis — His Early Experiences —
Growth of Hahnemann's System of Medicine in the State — The State Medical
Society — Reminiscences and List of Early Practitioners 395
CHAPTER XXXV
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEBRASKA
Homoeopathy Instrodnced in Omaha in 1862 — Wright, the Pioneer — Drs. Way and
Hemingway in Nebraska City — The State Homoeopathic Medical Society — Gradual
Growth of the System in Nebraska — Reminiscences of Early Practitioners 398
CHAPTER XXXVI
HOMOEOPATHY IN WEST VIRGINIA
A Brief Chapter of Reminiscences — Dr. Alfred Hughes and His Sister — List of Prac-
titioners in the State 402
CHAPTER XXXVII
HOMOEOPATHY IN NORTH CAROLINA
Homoeopathy Introduced in the State by Dr. Freeman — Reminiscences and List of
Other Early Practitioners in North Carolina i 405
CHAPTER XXXVIII
HOMOEOPATHY IN COLORADO, MONTANA AND FLORIDA
Late Planting and Rapid Growth of Homoeopathy in Colorado — Ingersol, the First
Practitioner, and Marix, the Permanent Practitioner — State Medical Society —
Homoeopathy in Montana begins in 1866 — Its Subsequent Growth — Meagre History
on Florida- — Early Practitioners in all these States — The Florida Homoeopathic
Medical Society — Reminiscences 407
CHAPTER XXXIX
HOMOEOPATHY IN OREGON, SOUTH CAROLINA AND KANSAS
Dr. Leslie Jacob Coombs, the Pioneer Homoeopath in Oregon — Later Growth of the
System in the State — Medical Societies and Hospitals in Kansas — Dr. John Hazard
Henry, the First Homoeopath in South Carolina — Dr. John Doy, the Pioneer of
. PIomcEopathy in Kansas — Societies and Hospitals — Reminiscences 412
CHAPTER XL
HOMOEOPATHY IN UTAH, WYOMING, THE DAKOTAS, ARIZONA, IDAHO AND ALASKA
Dr. Isaiah White, the First Homteopath in Salt Lake City — Dr. John Bowman,
Cheyenne — Dr. 11. J. Alorrison in Arizona — Dr. E. O. Plumbe in Dakota — Dr.
D. G. Strong in Idaho — Lists of Early Practitioners 417
CHAPTER XLI
HOMOEOPATHY IN ARKANSAS, NEVADA, INDIAN TERRITORY, WASHINGTON, NEW MEXICO
AND OKLAHOMA 422
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
HauxemaxXX Frontispiece
Dr. Johann Ernst Staff ^9
Dr. Gustav Wilhelm Gross 23
Hahnemann's Birthplace in Meissen 24
Dr. Carl 'Gottlob Franz 25
Dr. Franz Hartmann 28
Dr. Moritz Muller 30
Dr. Carl Haubold 31
Dr. Carl F. Trinks 32
Dr. G. a. H. Muhlenbein 34
Hahnemann's Home in Coethen 36
Friedrich Rummel, M. D 37
Dr. Georg Aug. Benj. Scpiweikert ■. 39
Dr. Carl Georg Ch. Hartlaub 41
Dr. Julius Schweikert ._ 42
Hans Burgh Gram, M. D .' 46
Main Entrance, Middletown State Hom. Hospital 51
Main Building, Middletown State Hom. FIospital 53
Metropolitan Hospital, Blackwell's Island 55
Utica Homoeopathic Hospital 59
M. O. Terry, Surg. Gen. S. N. Y 62
John Franklin Gray, M. D 65
A. Gerald Hull, A. M., M. D 69
Dr. S. R. Kirby 71
Federal Vanderburgh, M. D Si
E. E. Snyder, M. D 83
Walter C. Palmer, M. D 85
J. A. McVickar, M. D 87
B. F. Joslin, M. D 89
Lewis Hallock, M. D 91
P. P. Wells, M. D 92
Horatio Robinson, M. D 96
H. C. Hubbard, M. D 97
Horace M. Paine, M. D 103
Allentown Academy 115
IMain Group of Buildings, PENNSYLV,^NIA Homoeopathic State Hospital for Insane. 118
Children's Homoeopathic Hospital 120
Hering Building, Medical and Surgical Dept 121
Lippe Isolated Pavilion 122
Sargent or Maternity Building 123
HoMOEOP.\THic Hospital, Pittsburgh 124
McClelland in the Operating Room, Pittsburgh Hom. Hosp 126
willard in the operating room, pittsburgh hom. hosp 127
Henry Detwiller, M. D > 129
Samuel R. Dubs, M. D 131
H. H. Hoffman, M. D 135
J. C. Burgher, INI. D 137
Hering's Lachesis Snake 141
John Henry Floto, M. D 143
Charles Neidhard, M. D 146
James Kitchen, M. D 149
Alvan E. Small, M. D 151
Joseph Berens, M. D 152
G. Reichhelm, M. D 153
Benjamin Becker, M. D 155
Obadiah C. Brickley, M. D 157
John F. Cooper, M. D 158
Ohio Hospital for Women and Children, Cincinnati 171
James G. Hunt, M. D 173
John Wheeler, M. D \ , 175
xvi ILLUSTRATIONS
Seven Old Fellows I77
Alfred Shepherd, M. D 179
William Owens, M. D 182
Storm Rosa, M. D 183
Prominent Cleveland Homoeopaths 184
Wm. H. Holcombe, M. D 191
Thomas Shearer, M. D 195
Westboro Hom. Asylum for Insane 212A
Milton Fuller, M. D 217''
Famous Patrons of Homoeopathy 220
Alvin M. Gushing, M. D 224
Geo. W. Swazey, M. D 227
G. F. Matthes, M. D 229
A. A. Klein, M. D 230
Henry B. Clarke, M. D 231
Elisha J. Jones, M. D 232
Geo. Russell, M. D 233
Geo. W. Richards, M. D 243
Daniel R. Gardiner, M. D 246
Bowman H. Shivers, M. D 247
Jos. C. Boardman, M. D 250
Samuel A. Jones, M. D 254
Theodore Y. Kinne, M. D 255
G. N. Brigham, M. D 260
Geo. E. E. Sparhawk, M. D 262
C. B. Currier, M. D 264
Jos. R. Tantum, M. D.. 270
Homoeopathic Hospital of Delaware 271
Caleb Harlan, M. D 272
Chas. H. Lawton, M. D : 273
George B. Peck, M. D 277
Wm. L. Breyfogle, M. D 285
Joshua F. Whittle, M. D 290
Oliver L. Bradford, M. D 291
Oliver P. Baer, M. D 296
George W. Bowen, M. D 299
Wm. E. Payne, M. D 304
Eliphalet Clark, M. D 306
James H. Payne, M. D 309
Nancy T. Williams, M. D 3"
Hahnemann Monument — Presentation Ceremony 314
Hahnemann Monument — Presentation by Dr. Walton • 316
Ode to Hahnemann, by Dr. Wm. Tod Helmuth 3^6
TuLLio S. VERDf, M. D 318
Susan Ann Edson, M. D 319
Jehu Brainerd, M. D 320
W. Hanford White, M. D 323
Edwin M. Hale, M. D 328
Charles J. Hempel, M. D 332
F. H. Orme, M. D 335
Wm. L. Cleveland, M. D 336
Chicago Homoeopathic Hospital 346
T. C. Duncan, M. D 3SO
F. F. DE Derky, M. D 353
C. Ferd. Kuechler, M. D 355
Leonard Pratt, M. D .- 359
T. G. CoMSTocK, M. D 365
Jabez P. Dake, M. D '. 371
E. J. Eraser, M. D 378
Frederick Hiller, M. D 379
John Esten, M. D 381
George W. Barnes, M. D 383
Wm. H. Leonard, M. D 391
INDEX.
A
Abell, D. T., 367.
Abbott, Jehial, 233.
Academy, Allentown, 114.
Academy, North American, 114.
Act to Protect Citizens from Quackerj', 2i7^-
Adams Co. Homo. Med. Assn., 351.
Adams County, Pa., Homo, in, 153.
Adam, Dr., 41.
Adams, Ira, g8.
Adams, R. E. W., 174, 356.
Alabama, Homo, in, 342.
Alaska, Homo, in, 420.
Albany City Homo. Hosp., 54.
Albertson, J. A., 380.
Albright, G., 343.
Aldrich, Henry C, 392.
Allen, John R., 371.
Allen, Samuel Smith, loi.
Allentown Academy, 114.
Allentown Academy, Founders of, 117.
Alley, W. W., 96.
Anderson, Moses, 149.
Angell, E. P., 375.
Angell, Henry C, 225.
Angell, James, 375.
Angell, Richard, 190. '
Angell, Richard, 285.
Angell, Richard, 343.
Annin, Jonathan D., 243.
Anthony, W. C, 357.
Appleton, John W. M., 403.
Archiv fur die Homoopathische Heilkunst,
40.
Arcoli, Dr., 164.
Arizona, Homo, in, 419.
Arizona State Homo. Med. Assn., 419.
Arkansas, Homo, in, 422.
Arkansas State Homo. Med. Assn., 422.
Armstrong County, Pa., Homoeopathy in,
ISO.
Arnold, Rawdon, 413.
Arthur, Asa A., 266.
Asiatic Cholera, 172.
Atwood, Aaron H., 163.
Atwood, Aaron H., 292.
Atwood, Moses, 290.
Austin, James H., 204.
Austin, John Hayden, 249.
Ayers, E. Darwin, 422.
B
Babcock, J., 357.
Bachmeister, Theodore, 360.
Baer, Oliver P., 298.
Bagley, Alvan, 424.
Bailey, Charles, 235.
Baird, David H., 258.
Baker, David, 99.
Baker, Mary G., 235.
Balch, Edward T., 382.
Baldwin Place Home, 214.
Ball, Alonzo S., 85.
Baltimore Homo. Med. Soc, 195.
Banks, W. H., 334.
Bannister, Charles B., 340.
Barker, G. W., 175.
Barlow, Samuel B., 88.
Barnes, George W., 180, 383.
Barrows, George, 229.
Barrows, Ira. 231, 276, 279.
Barrows, J. H., 308.
Bartlett, Abner, 361.
Bauer, Adolph, 152, 177.
Bayard, Edward, 91.
Bayer, Charles, 151.
Beakley, John Stoat, 381.
Beardsley, Herman, 424.
Beaumont, Eckhart L., 375.
Beaumont, John H.. 359.
Beaver County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Beck, Dr., 385.
Becker, Benj., 153, 156.
Becker, Rev. Chris. J., 135.
Beckwith, Ephraim C., 179.
Beebe, Gaylord D., 354. ■
Beebe, Nelson D., 359.
Beeman, J., 176.
Belcher, George Elisha, 91.
Belden, Charles D., 419.
Belden, James G., 190, 343.
Belgium, Homoeopathy in, 20.
Bell, James B., 311.
Bell, William C, 204.
INDEX
Bennett, Hollis K., 266.
Bennington Co.. Homo, in, 266.
Berens, Bernard, 149.
Berens, Joseph, 148.
Berks County, Pa., Homo, in, 153.
Biegler, Augustus P., 94.
Bigelow, Thomas, 264.
Bigler, George W., 174.
Birch, George B., 366.
Birnstill. Joseph. 94, 234.
Bishop, David F.. loi.
Bishop. Herbert M.. 207.
Bishop. Leverett, 100.
Bishop, Robert S., 102.
Bissell. Arthur T.. 179.
Bitely. Eugene, 330, 331.
Blackwood, B. W., 249.
Blackwood, Thomas. 326.
Blackwood, Thomas R.. 249.
Blair County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Blaisdell, J. M., 310.
Blake. Edmund H.. 375.
Blake, James H., 375.
Blodgett, T. S., 264.
Boardman, Joseph C., 249.
Bolles. Richard M.. 89.
Bosler, Jacob. 176.
Boston, Early Physicians, 237.
Bowen. Eleazer. 252.
Bowen. George W.. 300.
Bowers. Benj. F., 89.
Bowie, Alonzo P., 154.
Bowman, John R.. 417.
Bradford Co., Pa.. Homo, in, 153.
Bradford, Oliver Leech, 2t;j, 292.
Bradford, Richmond. 308, 312.
Bradley. E. W., 384.
Brainerd, Jehu, 321.
Bramon, Joaquin, 20.
Bratt. James D.. 192.
Breed. Simeon R., 361.
Breyfogle, Charles W., 382.
Brigham, Gershom N., 260.
Briry, Milton S.. 312.
Brooklyn Homo. Hosp., 53.
Brooklyn Maternity Hosp., 55.
Brooklyn Nursery and Infants' Hosp.. 55.
Brooklyn, N. Y., Early Homo. Practice in,
99-
Brooks, C. A., 237.
Brooks. John B., 422.
Brooks. Paschal P., 339.
Broome County, N. Y., Homo. in. loi.
Brown, Asa'W., 204.
Brown, Henry R., 207.
Brown. Joseph R., 375.
Brown, L. W., 254.
Brown, Titus L., 101.
Browne, Faulcon, 406.
Browne. Gardner S.. 202.
Brownell. 11. T.. 202.
Brownson, Dr., loi.
Bruchhausen. Caspar, 95.
Brugger, Ignatius, 156.
Bryan, Thomas, 154.
Bryant, Charles J., 380.
Buddeke, Ivo W., zi^-
Buffalo Homo. Hosp., 55. 59.
Bugbee, Rev. Aurin, 234.
Buih, George B., 366.
Bulkeley, Wm. E., 205.
Bull, John, 422.
Bumstead, L. J., 400.
Bunting, J. Crowley. 154.
Burnham. N. G.. 298.
Burnside. Aaron W.. 360.
Burr, Charles H., 307.
Burr, E. D., 330.
Burr, W. A., 399.
Burrett, Alex. H., 151.
Burritt, Alex., 174.
Burritt. Alex. H., 189.
Burritt, Amatus R., 343.
Burritt. Ely, 174.
Busch, Lewis, 199.
Bute, George Henry. 137.
Butler, W. P.. 340.
Byer, Rev. Father. 154.
Byron. E. S., 343, 410.
C
Caboche. Louis, 189.
Caledonia Co. Homo. Med. Soc. 259.
California. Homo, in, 2)17 ■
California State Homo. Med. Soc, 378.
Cambria County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Camp, Arthur A., 392.
Campos. F. T., 163.
Capen, Robert, 222.
Carbon County, Pa., Homo. in. 154.
Carels, Samuel, 249.
Carley, D. H. W., 400.
Carr, Marvin S., 355, 357-
Cartier, Adolph, 191.
Case, S. C, 400.
Caspari, Edward, 150, 174, 286.
Casselberry. Melville L.. 393. 403.
Gate. Shadrach M., 2.2%.
Gator. Harvey Hull, 96.
Cator, Henry Hull, i},"/.
Caulkins, Russell. 202.
Cedar Valley Homo. Med. Soc. 386.
Central Homo. Med. Assn.. 304.
Central Homo. Med. Assn.. 386.
Central Ills. Homo. Med. Assn., 349. 351.
Central New York Homo. Med. Soc, 49.
Central County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Chamberlain, Charles H., 261.
Champlin, H. C, 236.
Channing, William. 74.
Chapman. H. D.. 235.
Charity Homo. Hosp.. 189.
INDEX
Chase, A. P., 360.
Chase, Hiram L., 233.
Chase, Ira Eaton. 236.
Checver. Daniel A., 360.
Chester County, Pa., Homo, in, 150.
Chester, Crozer Home and Hosp. at, 125.
Chicago Acad, of Homo. Phys. and Surgs.,
349-
Chicago Acad, of Med., 350'.
Chicago Bapt. Hosp.. 352.
Chicago City Hosp.. 351.
Chicago Homo. ^ied. Soc, 349.
Chicago Paed. Soc, 350.
Children's Homo. Hosp. of Phila., 119.
Children's Hosp., 364.
Children's Hosp. of Five Points House of
.Ind.. 53.
Cholera Epidemic. 76.
Cholera Hosp. of Phila., 119.
Cincinnati, Homo, in, 171.
Cincinnati Hosp. for Women and Children.
.170.
Cincinnati. Pioneer Homo, of, 171.
Clapp. E. H.. 358.
Clark, Eliphalet, 306. 312.
Clark, Francis H., 222.
Clark, Joseph K., 2^4.
Clark, Luther, 218.^
Clarke, Henry B., 229.
Clarke, John Lewis, 229.
Clarke, Peleg, 2-j-j. 280.
Clay, Geo. B. L.. 247.
Cleckley, Francis V., 414.
Clemens, Rev. Father, 389.
Cleveland Homo. Hosp.. 169.
Cleveland, Homo, in, 174.
Cleveland. William L., 335.
Clinton County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Coe, DanieK 357.
Coe, Isaac, 295.
Cohen, Solomon W., 376.
Colby, Isaac, 225.
Cole, Harvey. 202.
Collins State Homo. Hosp.. 52.
Colorado, Homo. in. 407.
Colorado State Homo. Med. Soc. 407.
Columbia County. Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Communipaw ]\Ied. Soc, 241.
Comstock, Thomas G., 365.
Connecticut, Homo, in, 200.
Conn. State Homo. ^led. Soc, 200.
Cook Co. Homo. Med. Soc. 349.
Cook Co. Hosp., 352.
Cook, George W., 88, 97.
Cooley, George P., 204.
Coombs, E. H.. 402.
Coombs, Leslie J., 384, 412.
Cooper. Isaac, 253.
Corliss, C. T., 297.
Cornell, George B., 252.
Cortland County, N. Y., Homo, in, 97.
Covert, Dr., loi.
Cowles, E. W., 179, 328.
Covvperthvi^aite, Allen C, 400.
Cragin, John. 343.
Craighead, James B., 369.
Crane, William, 341.
Crispell, Garrett D., 95.
Cropper, Charles, 181.
Cross, Edwin C, 392.
Cross, L. E., 382.
Cuba, Homoeopathy in, 20.
Cumberland County. Homo, in, 150.
Cummings, James M., 307.
Curran, William, 366.
Currie, Joseph C. 251,
Currier, Chris. B., 262.
Curtis, John Mitchell, 274.
Curtis, Joseph Thomas, 78.
Cuscaden, T. W., 181.
Gushing, Alvin M., 224.
Gushing, John J., 380.
Custis, J. B. Gregg, 315.
Cutler. William W., 218.
Cyriax. E. C. Bernard, 199, 356.
D
Daily, J. C. 422.
Dake, Chauncey M., 98.
Dake, Jabez P.. 370.
Dake, Jabez W., 102.
Dake, William C, 370.
Dakota. Homo, in, 418.
Dakota Homo. ]\Ied. Assn., 418.
Danforth. Willis, 354, 360.
Darby, Pa., Homo, in, 150.
Dart, J. M., 417.
Davies, John, 340. 355.
Davis, Augustus F., 395.
Davis, F. A. W., 173.
Davis, J. H. H., 376.
Davis, John W., 387.
Davis, Rev. Dr., 233.
DeDerky, Francis F.. 354.
DeGersdorff, E. Bruno, 222.
Delaware Co., N. Y., Homo, in, loi.
Delaware Co., Pa., Homo, in, 150.
Delaware, Homo. in. 269.
DeMoor. Apostle of Homoeopathy, 20.
Des Moines Homo. Clin. Soc, 386.
Detwiller, Henry. 128.
DeWolf. John J., 2'](>.
Dickinson. Wilmot H., 386.
Diederich, Peter. 415.
Dillingham, Thomas M., 310.
Dinsmore, J. B., 236.
Dispensaries in New York, 102.
Dispensaries in Pa., 157.
District of Columbia, Homo, in, 313.
Dodge, Lewis, 179, 326, 330.
Dodge, Moses, 306.
Dodge, Nathaniel, 386.
INDEX
Doran, Charles R., 370, 410.
Dornberg, A. G.. 393.
Douglas, James S., 338.
Dow, Frank E., 265.
Doy, John, 327, 414.
Drake, Elijah H., 329.
Dubs, Samuel R., 148.
Duffield, Alfred M., 343.
Duncan, Thomas C, 354.
Dunham, Dr., 391.
Duncombe, Charles S., 339.
Dunn, McCann, 357.
Dunnell, Henry Gale, 87.
Dunwody, William E., 335.
Dutcher, Benjamin C, 84.
Eastern Dist. Homo. Med. Soc, 241.
Eastern Ohio Homo. Med. Soc, 168.
Eaton, Morton M., 354.
Ebers, H., 365.
Edie, John J., 415.
Edmonds, W. A., 371. •
Edson, Susan Ann, 321.
Eels, Oliver J., 265.
Egbert. William A., 420.
Eggert, William A., 298.
Ehrhart, William J., 399.
Ehrmann, Benjamin, 173, 181.
Ehrmann, Ernest J., 151, 301.
Ehrmann, Francis, 150.
Ehrmann, Frederick, 151.
Ehrmann, Isedorich, 179.
Eldridge, Isaac N.," 326, 331.
EUiger, Dr. G., 149.
Ellis, Erastus R., 330.
Ellis, John, 326, 330.
Ellis, Sarah M., 410.
Ely, Elihu, loi.
Ensign, Chas. W., 208.
Erie Co., N. Y., Homo, in, 97.
Erie Co., Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Esrey, Wm. P., 152, 156.
Essex Co. Homo. Med. Soc, 241.
Essex Co., N. Y., Homo, in, 98.
Esten, John, 381.
Evans, Charles H., 418.
Evans, J. W., 339-
Everett, Ambrose S., 408.
Fabiola Hospital, 380.
Fairchild, Stephen, 255.
Falk, Herman, 370.
Falligant, Louis A., 335.
Farley, Charles I., 393.
Farmington, Homo, in, 310.
Farnham. Llewellyn D., loi.
Fayette Co., Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Fee, John, 366.
Fell, Ezra, 152.
Fetterman, Wilford W., 419.
Field, F. S., 97.
Finster, Frederick, 330.
Finster, Frederick, Sketch, c>3^.
Fischer of Brunn, Dr., 43.
Fisher, Charles E., 375.
Fiske, Isaac, 229.
Flagg, Josiah F., 215.
Fleniken, Dr., 366.
Florence Hospital, 58.
Florida, Homo, in, 410.
Florida State Homo. ]\Ied. Soc, 410.
Floto, John H., 143, 224, 382.
Folger, Robert B., 62.
Foote, Charles C, 203.
Foote, Elial Todd, 203.
Fornies, Dr., 95.
Foster, H. L., 360.
Fourteenth Dist. Homo. Med. Soc, 350.
Fowler, Samuel M., 410.
Franklin Co., Homo, in, 266.
Franklin, Edward C, 365, 387.
Franz, Karl Gottlob, 39.
Fraternity, Mass. Homo., 210.
Frazer, Edwin J., 380.
Frederick, Grand Duke of, invites Hahne-
mann to Coethen, 35.
Free Homo. Hosp., 364. •
Freeland, James C, 237.
Freeman, Alfred, 86.
Freeman, William K., 405.
Freligh, Martin, 95.
Freytag, Eberhard. 134.
Friederick, Dr., 376.
Fuller, Milton, 217.
Furgus Falls, State Hosp., 389.
Gale, Amory, 281.
Gale. Stephen M., 226, 235.
Gallup, William, 233, 307.
Gardiner, Daniel R., 246.
Garrettson, Jesse. 174.
Garrettson. Joseph. 174.
Garrique, Richard, 279.
Gatchell, Edwin A.. 406.
Gatchell, Horatio P., 180, 406.
Gause, Owen B.. 251, 414.
Gause. Percival O. B.. 414.
Geary. John F.. 380.
Gee, Rodman S.. 339.
Geiger, Rev. Jacob. 199.
Geist. Chris. Fred.. 144, 227.
Georgia, Flomo. in, 334.
German Central Homceopathic Union, 35.
Gifford, J. R.. 236.
Gilbert, Edward Aug., 358.
Gilbert, James B., 334.
Gilbert, Samuel H., 341.
Giles, Albert, 339.
INDEX
Gilman, John, 179.
Gilman, Martin, 396.
Glass, Robert, 189.
Gohier, Marie AI. d'H. Marriage with
Hahnemann, 2)1-
Good Samaritan Hosp., 364.
Goodrich, D. O., 329.
Goodwin, D. M., 392.
Goodwin, T. S., 310.
Gorham, G. E., 418.
Gosewisch, J. C., 271.
Gourhea. J., 154.
Gowanda State Homo. Hosp.. 52.
Grace Homo. Hosp., 201.
Grace •Homo. Med. Soc, 201.
Grace Hospital, 325.
Graham, David, 341.
Grainger, John, 364.
Gram, Hans Burch, life of, 60.
Gram. Hans Burch, the Pioneer of Homo'y
in America, 44.
Graves. Samuel \V., 230.
Gray, John F.. 67.
Great Britain, Homoeopathy in, 20.
Green, Daniel H., 280.
Green, George S., 202.
Green. Jonas, 145, 319.
Green. W. E., 422.
Greene, Nathaniel, 279, 281.
Gregg, Samuel. 210.
Gregg. Samuel, life of, 215.
Griswold, W. N., 380.
Gross. Gustav Wilhelm, 39.
Grove, Charles E.. 424.
Guernsey. Henry N.. 261.
Guernsey. William F., 261.
Guilbert, Edward A.. 387.
Gulby. John B.. 360.
H
Hadfield. J. H.. 422.
Haeseler. Charles, 144.
Hahnemann Acquires Great Wealth. 38.
Hahnemann, at Dessau. 25.
Hahnemann, at Georgenthal, 27.
Hahnemann, at Gommern, 26.
Hahnemann, at Hamburg. 28.
Hahnemann, at Hermanstadt, 24.
Hahnemann, at Konigshetter. 28.
Hahnemann, at Leipsic, 23, 26.
Hahnemann, at Molschleben, 28.
Hahnemann, Birth. 23.
Hahnemann Club. Terre Haute. 297.
Hahnemann, Death of His Wife, 35.
Hahnemann, Discoveries of, 18.
Hahnemann. Early Life and Education, 23.
Hahnemann. Family Misfortunes. 27.
Hahnemann, Fiftieth Birthday, 35.
Hahnemann, First Marriage, 25.
Hahnemann. His Character. 18.
Hahnemann. His Death, 38.
Hahnemann, His Dogma, 18.
Hahnemann, His New Principle, 28.
Hahnemann, His Organon, 29.
Hahnemann, Honorary Member of N. Y.
Co. Med. Soc, "jy.
Hahnemann Hosp., N. Y., 54.
Hahnemann Hosp., Scranton, 128.
Hahnemann, Lectures to His Disciples, 34.
Hahnemann Med. Soc. of the Old Do-
minion, 162.
Hahnemann Monument, 315.
Hahnemann, Persecution Renewed, 34.
Hahnemann, Personal Characteristics, 36.
Hahnemann, Poverty and Persecution, 29.
Hahnemann, Relations with His Pupils, 40.
Hahnemann, Removes to Dresden, 26.
Hahnemann, Removes to Paris, 38.
Hahnemann, Second Marriage, 37.
Hahnemann, Summoned to Court, 34.
Hahnemann, the Founder, 22.
Hahnemannian Society, 112.
Hale, Edwin M., 330.
Hale, Edwin M., Sketch, 331.
Hall, A., 95.
Hall, E. Bentley, 252.
Hall, S. S., 325-
Hallock, Lewis, 91.
Hamilton Co., Ohio, Homo, in, 177.
Hammond, H. H.. 414.
Hampden Homo. Hosp., 213.
Hand, Stephen D., loi.
Hardenstein, A. O. H., 396.
Hardin Co. Soc. of Homo. Phys., 386.
Hardy, James E., 199.
Hardy, Thos. L, 163.
Hargous Memo. Hahn. Hosp., 58.
Harlan, Caleb, 271.
Harlem Homo. Hosp. and Disp., 59.
Harris, C. F., loi.
Harris, Jerome, 236.
Harris, John T.. 223, 230.
Harris, Zina, 89.
Harsh. Philip, 369.
Hart. Charles N., 408.
Hartford. Homo, in, 201.
Hartmann, Franz, 40.
Hasbrouck, Joseph, 256.
Haseler, Henry, 400.
Haslam, D. B., 393.
Hastings, Charles, 329.
Hatch. Philo L., 391.
Hatfield, George T., 390.
Hawley, Liverus B., loi.
Hayward, Joseph Warren, 231.
Hayward, M. P., 202.
Haynel, Adolph F., 198.
Haves. Dr.. loi.
Hebber. W. W.. 235.
Helfrich. John Henry. 136.
Helfrich. Rev. Johannes, 136.
Helmuth, William Tod, 366.
6
INDEX
Hemingway, Dr., 399.
Henipel. Charles J., ^33-
Henry. Jolm H., 343.
Henry. John Hazard, 413.
Hering. Constantine, 138.
Hering, Constantine. a Latin Scholar, 139.
Hering, Constantine, Becomes a Natural-
ist, 139.
Hering, Constantine, Birth and Early Life,
138.
Hering, Constantine, Converted to Homoe-
opathy, 140.
Hering, Constantine, Goes to Philadelphia,
142.
Hering, Constantine, His Death. 143.
Hering, Constantine, Lands at Martha's
Vineyard, 142.
Hering. Constantine, Marriage, 142.
Hering, Constantine, Offends the King. 141.
Hering, Constantine, Practices in Para-
maribo, 141.
Hering, Constantine, Receives His Degree,
140.
Hering. Constantine, the Lachesis Snake,
Hering, Constantine, the Three Fates, 139.
Hering. Constantine. Visits Surinam, 140.
Herkimer County. N. Y., Homo, in, 98.
Higgins. Sylvester B., 406.
Hill, Benj. L., 177.
Hill, George, 179.
Hill, Rev. Moses, 205.
Hill, Rev. Mr., 310.
Hill, Robert Louis. 387.
Hiller, Frederick, 381, 423.
Hines, Frank, 405.
Hobson, Joseph V.. 163.
Hoffendahl. Charles F., 94, 218.
Holcombe, William H., 192.
Holcombe. William H., 396.
Holland, H. N., 300.
Holt, Aaron P., 360.
Holt, Captain, 366.
Holt, Daniel. 202. 227.
Home, J. Lewis Crozer, 125.
Homo. Clin. Soc. of Md., 195.
Homoeopathic Clin. Soc. of Rock Island,
etc., 351.
Homoeopathic Fraternity of Mass.. 210.
HouKcopathic Hospital, Chicago, 351.
HouKjeopathic Hosp. for Chil.. 214.
Homoeopathic Hosp. of Essex Co., 242.
Homo. Hosp. for Insane at Allentown,
Pa., 118.
Homoeopathic Hospital at Leipsic, 37.
HomcEopathic Hosp., Minneapolis, 390.
Homo. Hosp. of Phila., 119.
Homfeopathic Hosp. and Ir. Sch., Kansas
City, 364.
Homoeopathic Hosp., Ward's Is!., 57.
HouKjeopathic Med. Acad., 49.
Homoeopathic Med. Assn. of Alabama, 342.
Homoeopathic Med. Assn. of Wabash Val.,
351-
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Camden, 241.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Del.. 269.
Homo. Med. Soc. of Eastern Ohio, 168.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of King Co., 424.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Mich., 324.
Homoeopathic ]\Ied. Soc. of No. Md. and
So. Mich.. 297.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Northern New
York. 49.
Homo. Med. Soc. of Ohio. 167.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Penna., 112.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Tennessee, 370.
Homo. Med. and Surg. Hosp. of Pitts-
burgh, 122.
Homo. Med. and Surg. Hosp. of Reading,
123.
Homoeopathic Society of Central New
York, 49.
Homoeopathic Society of Northampton and
Cos. Adj., 113.
Homoeopathy in Alabama, 342.
Homoeopathy in Alaska, 420.
Homoeopathy in Arizona, 419.
Homoeopathy in Arkansas, 422.
Homoeopathy, Beginnings of, 17.
Homtx^opathy iii California, 377.
Homoeopathy in Colorado. 407.
Homoeopathy in Connecticut. 200.
Homoeopathy in the Dakotas. 418.
Homoeopathy in Delaware. 269.
Homoeopathy in District of Columbia, 315.
Homoeopathy in European Countries, 18.
Homoeopathy. First Use of the Name, 30.
Homoeopathy in Florida, 410.
Homoeopathy in Georgia, 334.
Homoeopathy in Idaho, 420.
Homoeopathy in Illinois, 345.
Homoeopathy in Indiana, 295.
Homoeopathy in Indian Ter., 424.
Homoeopathy in Iowa, 385.
Homoeopathy in Kansas, 414.
Homoeopathy in Kentucky. 283.
Homo, in Louisiana, 188.
Homoeopathy in Maine. 303.
Homo, in Maryland. 194.
Homoeopathy in Massachusetts, 210.
Homoeopathy in Michigan, 322'.
Homoeopathy in Minnesota. 389.
Homoeopathy in Mississippi, 395.
Homoeopathy in Missouri, 363.
Homoeopathy in Montana, 409.
Homoeopathy in Nebraska, 398.
Homoeopathy in Nevada, 423.
Homoeopathy in New Hampshire, 289.
Homoeopathy in New Jersey, 240.
Homoeopathy in New Mexico, 425.
Homoeopathy in New York, 44.
Homoeopathy in North Carolina, 405.
INDEX
HdiiKtopathy in Oliio. i66.
} lom(tO])atliv ill Oklalioma. 425.
1 fomojopalliy in Oregon. 412.
MomcEOpatliy in Fcnna., III.
Honi(Cf)patli\' in Rhode Island, 275.
HonKtopatliy in So. Carolina. 413.
lionKeopathy in Tennessee. 369.
HonKPopathy in Texas, 37^3.
lionKropatliy in Utah, 417.
lloiiKeopathy in Vermont, 258.
Vlomctopathy in Virginia, 162.
Homoeopathy in Washington. 424.
Homoeopathy West of Allegheny ^Its., 154.
Homoeopathy in West Virginia. 402.
Homoeopathy in Wisconsin, t^^j.
Homoeopathy in Wyoming. 417.
Hoppin. Conrtland. 280.
Hoppin. Washington. 2y~, 280.
Hornbnrg. Chris. Gottlob. 39.
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
of Md
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hosrita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Penna.
Albany City Homo.. 54.
Brooklyn Homo., 53.
Brooklyn Maternity. 55.
Brooklyn Nursery and Inf'ts, 55.
Buffalo Homo., 55. 59. '
Chicago Baptist, 352.
Chicago City. 351.
Chicago Jiomo.. 351.
Children's of Boston, 214.
Children's Five Points House
53-
Children's of Philadelphia, 119.
Children's. St. Louis. 364.
Cleveland Homo.. 169.
Collin's State Homo.. 52.
Cook Co.. 352.
Fabiola of Oakland, 380.
Florence. 58.
Free Homo.. 364.
Good Samaritan, 364.
Good Samar. Dea., 57.
Gowanda State Homo., 52.
Grace. Detroit. 325.
Grace of New Haven, 201.
Hahnemann, Ladies' Aid Soc, 54.
Hahnemann, N. Y., 54.
Hahnemann at Scranton. 128.
Hampden Homo.. 213.
Hargon's Memo. Hahn.. 58.
Harlem Homo.. 59.
Homo, of Essex Co.. 242.
Homo, of Phila.. 119.
Isabella Helmuth, 57.
J. Lewis Crozer. 125.
Kansas City Homo.. 364.
Kansas Surg.. 415.
Laura Franklin Free. 57.
Maryland Homo.. 195.
Mass. Homo.. 213.
Med.. Surg, and Matern.. of
121.
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Chi
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
170
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Memo, for Women and Chil.. 57.
Metropolitan. 56.
Middletown State Homo.. 51.
Minneapolis Homo., 390.
Mt. Vernon Homo., 59.
National Homo., 317.
Newburyport Homo., 214.
New Orleans, 189.
N. Y. Homo. Surg., 54, 57.
N. Y. Homo, for Women and
54-
s, Ohio, 168.
. Passaic Homo., 242.
, Penna. Homo., 119.
, Pittsburgh Homo.. 122.
. Portland ^leth.. 413.
, Rhode Island Homo., 276.
. Rochester Homo., 57.
. St. Luke's. 410.
, St. Luke's of Phila.. 125.
, St. Mary's Homo.. 242.
. St. Paul Homo.. 390.
. St. Vincent's. 169.
, Syracuse Homo.. 59.
, Toledo Prot.. 171.
, Utica Homo.. 59.
, Ward's Island, 57.
, West Jersey, 242.
, West Phila., 128.
, Wichita Homo., 415.
, Wm. McKinley Memo.* 242.
. Wilmington Homo.. 270.
for Women and Children, Ohio.
Hospital. Med. and Surg, of Reading. 123.
tal. Woman's Homo., St. Louis,
tal. Woman's Southern of Phila.,
tal, Worcester Homo.. 214.
tal. World's Fair Homo., 352.
tal, Yonkers Homo., 59.
Hotchkiss, Jesse Temple, 102.
Houghton, Milo G., 263.
Houghton, Thomas. 365.
House of Good Samar. Dea., 57.
Hoyt. Daniel O.. 174.
Hubbard. Henry C, 97.
Hubbard. Levi. 415.
Hudson Co. Homo. ]Med. Soc, 242.
Hudson River Homo. Med. Soc, 51.
Huff, E., 286.
Hughes, Alfred, 163, 402, 403.
Hughes, Eliza C, 402.
Hull. Amos Gerald, 72.
Humphreys, Erastus, 100.
Humphreys, Frederick. 100.
Humphrey. Gideon, 144.
Hunt, F. G., 344.
Hunt, Henry Francis, 248.
Hunt. James George. 173. i8r.
Hunt. R. S.. 154.
Hunt. Samuel P., 335.
Hunter. Rev. Wm., 403.
364-
125.
INDEX
Hunter, Thomas C, 301.
Hunter, W.. 154.
Huntington, T. Romayn, 392.
Hurlburt, Edwin T. M., 400.
Huson, Richard, lOi.
Hutawa, Charles, 367.
Hutchinson, James B., 302.
Hyde, W. A., 367.
Idaho, Homo, in, 420.
Ihm, Car], 137.
Illinois, Homo, in, 34.
Illinois State Homo. Med. Assn., 347.
Illinois Val. Homo. Med. Soc, 349.
Indiana County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Indiana, Homo in., 295.
Indiana Institute of Homo., 297.
Indianapolis Homo. Inst., 297.
Indian Territory, Homo, in, 424.
Inevarity, Dr., 344.
Ingalls. William, 219.
Ingersol, Dr., 407.
Ingerson, H. H., 383.
Inglis, George, 154.
Insane Asylum, Westboro, 212.
Iowa, Homo, in, 385.
Iowa Homo. Med. Assn., 386.
Isabella Helmuth Hosp., 57.
Isham. Henry, 206.
Italy, Homoeopathy in, 18.
Iverson, Rev. A. M., 341.
Jackson, Mercy B., 222.
Jackson, William F., 223.
Jamaica, Homceopathy in, 20.
James, Richard M., 387.
Jeanes, Jacob, 144.
Jefferson County, Pa., Homo, in., 154.
Jeffords, George P., 308, 312.
Jeffries, Charles, 327.
Jewett, John R., z^y.
Jewett, John R., Sketch, 331.
J. Lewis Crozer Home and Hosp., 125.
Johnson, Daniel A., 223.
Johnson, James D., 202.
Johnson, Perry E., 358.
Johnston, James, 420.
Jones, Elisha Utley, 230.
Jones, Erasmus D., 98.
Jones, Samuel Arthur, 253.
Joslin, Benj. Fr., 90.
Judkins, Charles W., 408.
K
Xankakee and DesPlaines Val. Homo. Med.
Assn., 350.
Kansas City Homo. Hosp., 364.
Kansas, Homo, in, 414.
Kansas Homo. Med. Soc, 415.
Kansas Surg. Hosp., 415.
Keep, Lester, 205.
Kellogg, Edward W., 202.
Kellogg, George M., 369.
Kentucky, Homo, in, 283.
Kentucky State Homo. Aled. Soc, 283.
Kimball, Daniel S., 97.
Kings County, N. Y., Homo, in, 99.
Kirby, Stephen Reynolds, 78.
Kirkpatrick, Alex., 253.
Kitchen, James, 147.
Kittinger, Leonard, 273.
Knapp, Franklin L., loi.
Knapp, H.. 326.
Knight, Elam C, 206.
Knight, E. C, 236.
Knorr, Louis, 335.
Koers, J. H., 375.
Koller, Baron Francis, 42.
Kuchler, Johanna, First Wife of Hahne-
mann, 25.
Kuechler, Karl F., 356.
Kiimmel. Ernest R., 339.
Kyle, Dr., 179.
L-'
Ladies' Aid Soc. of Hahn. Hosp., 54
Lafon, Thomas, 244.
Lamb, C. A., 325.
LaMoille Co., Homo, in, 266.
LaMunyon. Ira W^. 400.
Lancaster county, Pa., Homo, in, 151.
LaSalle Co.. Homo. Med. Soc, 351.
Laura Franklin Free Hosp. for Children,
57-
Lawton, Charles H., 274.
Lebanon County, Pa., Homo, in, 153.
Leech, J. Stuart, 153.
Leech, J. W., 179.
Leipsic, Homoeopathic Hospital, 37.
Leritz, Jacob, 147.
Leon. Alexis, 190.
Leonard, William H., 392.
Lewis County, N. Y., Homo, in, 98.
Lewis, Edwin W., lOi.
Lewis, Emlin, 399.
Lexington, Homo, in, 367.
Lillie, Rev. James, 95.
Lindsay. Albert, 223.
Lingen, George, 147, 343.
Linn Co., Homo. IMed. Soc, 386.
Linnell, J. E.. 235.
Lippe, Adolph, 153.
Livingston County, N. Y., Homo. in. 98.
Loguc. John D.. 374.
Lord, Israel S. P., 357-
Louisiana, Homo, in, 188.
Lounsbury, George, 404.
INDEX
<)
Lovejoy, Ezekiel, loo, 153.
Ludlam, Reuben, 353.
Lund, Dr. Hans Chris., 42.
Lund, Oscar F., 252.
Lux, Wilhelm, Veterinarian Homoeopa-
thist, 41.
Lyon, Irving M., 202.
Lytle, Randal M., 370.
M
Madison County, N. Y., Homo, in, 102.
Maine, Homo, in, 303.
Maine Homo. Med. Soc, 304.
Mann, Thos. H., 279.
Mansa, Edward, 150.
Mansfield, Wm. Q., 415.
Manter, N. H., 176.
Marion Co. Homo. Med. Soc, 297.
Marix, Martin M., 407, 415.
Marsden, John H., 153.
Marsh, Anna E. P., 408.
Marsh, Horatio R., 421.
Marston, Mortimer, 386.
Martin, Joseph, 189.
Marvin, S., 154.
Maryland Homo. Hosp., 195.
Maryland, Homo, in, 194.
Maryland 'State Homo. Med. Soc. 194.
Massachusetts, Early Physicians, 238.
Massachusetts Homo. Hosp., 213.
Massachusetts, Homo, in, 210.
Massachusetts Homo. Med. Soc, 210.
Materia Medica Pura, Presented to the
World, 33.
Maternity Hosp., Minneapolis, 390.
Matlack, Charles F., 137.
Matthes, Gustavus F., 229.
May, Robert, 152.
McAffee, Edwin M., 360.
McCanless, W. W., 406.
McCarthy, Lewis, 96.
McCheeney, Alfred B., 354, 358.
McClure, W. B., 402.
McGeorge, Wallace, 253.
Mclntire, Dr., 343.
McKinley Memo. Hosp., 242.
McManus, Felix R., 196.
^McNeil, Daniel, 252.
^IcVickar, John Aug., 90.
Medical Investigation Club, 195.
Medical Science Club of Chicago, 351.
Medical Society, Baltimore Homo., 195.
Medical Society, Caledonia Co., 259.
Medical Society, Calif. State, 378.
^ledical Society, Camden Homo., 241.
Medical Society, Central Ills. Homo., 349.
Medical Societj', Central N. Y., 49.
Medical Society, Chicago Homo., 349.
Medical Society, Clinical of Balto., 195.
Ixledlcal Society, Colorado State, 407.
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
113-
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
and Cos. Adj.,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
!Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Societj^
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
INIedical Society,
Medical Society,
IMedical Society,
Medical Society,
IMedical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
IMedical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
297.
Medical Society,
shire, 289.
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
IMedical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Aledical Society,
IMedical Society,
^Medical Society,
^ledical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
IMedical Society,
Medical Societv.
Communipaw, 241.
Conn. State, 200.
Cook Co. Homo., 349.
County and Local in Pa.,
Delaware Homo., 269.
Eastern Dist. Homo., 241.
Eastern Ohio, 168.
Essex Co. Homo., 241.
Florida State, 410.
Fourteenth Dist., 350.
Grace of New Haven, 201.
Hahnemannian, 112.
Homo, of Alabama, 342.
Homo, of Northampton
113-
Homo, of Penna., 112.
Hudson Co. Homo., 242.
Hudson River Homo., 51.
Illinois State Homo., 347.
Illinois Valley, 349.
Indiana Institute, 297.
Kansas Homo., 415.
Kentucky State, 283.
La Salle Co. Homo., 351.
Maine Homo., 304.
Maryland State, 194.
Mass. Homo., 210.
Medico-Chirurgical, 50.
IMichigan Homo., 324.
IMilitary Tract, 349.
Miss. State Homo., 395.
Nebraska State, 398.
New Hampshire, 289.
New Haven, 201.
New Jersey State, 241.
N. Y. Homo., 48, 82.
Northern Ills. Homo., 349.
N. Ind. and S. Mich., 297.
Northern Indiana Inst,
Northern New Hamp-
Northern New York, 49.
N. W. Ills. Homo., 351.
Ohio Homo., 167.
Old Dominion, 162.
Oregon State. 412.
Pacific of Cal., 379.
Rhode Island Homo., 276.
Rockford Homo., 351.
Southern, 188.
Southern Tier, 50.
Tennessee Homo., 370.
Terre Haute. 297.
Topeka Homo., 415.
Vermont Homo., 258.
Washington Homo., 317.
Washington State, 424.
Wayne Co. Homo., 297.
Western Dist. N. J., 241.
10
INDEX
Medical Society, Western Kentucky, 284.
Medical Society, Western N. Y., 50.
Medical Society. West Va., 163.
Medical Society, Wisconsin State, 338.
Medical Society, Women's of Chicago, 351.
Med., Surg, and Matern. Hosp., 121.
Medico-Chirurgical Society of Central New
York. 50.
Melrose, James. 358.
Memorial Hosp. for Women and Chil., 57.
Mercer County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Mercer, William M., 375.
Merrill, John, 312.
Merrill. S. A., 387.
]\Ierriman, Charles L., 328.
Metropolitan Hosp. on Blackwell's Isl., 56.
Michigan, Homo, in, 322.
Middleton, John D., 404.
Middleton, R. S., 244.
Middletown State Homo. Hosp., 51.
Military Tract Homo. Med. Soc, 349.
Miller, Adam, 173.
Miller, Adam, 354, 359.
Miller, A., 408.
Miller, A. C, 403.
Miller, John J., 419.
Minneapolis Homo. Hosp.. 390.
Minneapolis Matem. Hosp., 390.
Minnesota, Homo, in, 389.
Minnesota State Homo. Inst., 390.
Minter, Samuel, 190. ^
Mississippi, Homo, in, 395.
Missouri Homoeopathic Inst., 364.
Missouri, Homo, in, 363.
Missouri Inst, of Homo., 364.
Moffat, Reuben Curtis,. 102.
IMoffit, Elizabeth, 364.
Montana, Homo, in, 409.
Monument to Hahnemann, 315.
Moore, G. T., 154.
Moore, John D., 244.
Moore, J. Murray, 381.
Morgan, John C, 358.
Morgan, J. H., 372.
Morgan, Louis A., loi.
Morgan, W. L., 402.
Morrill, Alpheus, 175.
Morris, M., 415.
Morrison, H. J., 419.
Morse, Nathan R., 225.
Morton, Lucien H., 203.
Mosher, John, 325.
Mosher, John, Biog., 331.
Mount Vernon Homo. Hosp., 59.
Muhlenbein, Dr. Geo. A. H., 42.
Mulford, Charles W., 255.
Mi.iller, Moritz Wilhelm, 42.
Munger, Erastus A., 100.
iMunsey, Barton, 405.
Murphy, William, 287.
Murrell, William J., 343.
N
National Homo. Hosp., 317.
Nebraska, Homo, in, 398.
Nebraska State Homo. Med. Soc, 398.
Negendank. August, 272.
Neidhard. Charles, 147.
Nevada, Homo, in, 423.
Newburyport Homo. Hosp., 214.
Newell, William H.. 252.
New Hampshire, Homo, in, 289.
New Hampshire Homo. Med. Soc, 289.
New Haven, Homo, in, 202.
New Haven Homo. Med. Soc, 201.
New Jersey. Homo, in, 240.
New Jersey State Homo. Med. Soc, 241.
New Mexico, Homo, in, 425.
New Orleans, Homo, in, 189.
New Orleans, Pharmacies, 192.
Newton, Charles, 253.
New York City, Early Homos., 99.
New York Homo. Hosp. for Women and
Chil., 54.
New York, Homoeopathy in, 44.
New York Homoeopathic Medical Society,
48.
New York Homo. Society, 82.
New York Homo. Surg. Hosp., 54, 57.
New York State Sch. for Tr. Nurses, 55.
Niagara County, N. Y., Homo. in. loi.
Nichols, Lemuel B., 234.
Nichols, Z. B., 390.
North American Acad, of the Homo.
Healing Art, 114.
North Carolina, Homo, in, 405.
Northeastern Iowa Homo. Med. Soc, 386.
Northern 111. Homo. Med. Assn.. 349.
Northern Indiana Homo. Inst., 297.
Northern N. H. Homo. Med. Soc, 289.
North Mo. Val. Homo. Med. Soc, 386.
Northrup, Daniel W., 202.
Northwestern Ills. Homo. Med. Soc, 351.
Novelle, Orleans, Soc. Hahn,, 188.
O
Oakland Homo. Hosp. and Disp. Assn.,
380.
Ober, Benjamin, 377.
Ober, Levi E., 340, 357.
Ockford, George M., 253.
O'Dell, Charles M., 329-
Oehme, Ferdinand, 222.
Ohio Homo. Hosps., 168.
Ohio, Homo, in, 166.
Ohio, Homo. Med. Soc, 167.
Ohio Hosp. for Women and Chil., 170.
Oklahoma, Homo, in, 425.
Okie, Abraham H., 275.
Old Dominion, Hahn. Med. Soc, 162.
Olds, E. R, 326.
INDEX
11
Olipliant, D. S., 191.
Orange County, N. Y., Homo, in, 102.
Orange Co., Vt.. Homo, in, 267.
Orcutt. Hiram C, 259.
Ordway, L. S., 422.
Oregon, Homo. in. 412. ,
Oregon State Homo. Med. Soc, 412.
Organon. It.s Fir.st Appearance, 29.
Orleans County, N. Y., Homo, in, 102.
Ornie. Francis H., 334.
Osborne. James H., 204.
Osgood, David, 221.
Owens, William. t8i.
Pacific Homo. Med. Soc, 379.
Pahl, H. F., 376.
Paine, Henry i)elavan, 84.
Paine, Horace M., 102.
Paine, Joseph P., 223.
Palmer, Walter C, 89.
Parker, Henry C, Z7i-
Parkhurst, Charles B., 259.
Parlin, Louis, 275.
Parsons, Ephraim, 358.
Parsons, George R., 375.
Parsons, William H., 415.
Passaic Homo. Hosp., 242.
Patton, J. H., 164.
Paulson, Dr., 380.
Payne, John, 307.
Payne, William E., 305.
Peabody, Adams, 387.
Peabody, Ira W., loi.
Peacock, Thomas, 247.
Pearce, Henry, 340. "
Pearson, Clement, 386.
Peck, William, 174.
Pelton, Harrison S.. 420.
Pelton, Sylvester, 101.
Penniman, William. 392.
Penna. Homo. Hosp. for Chil., 119.
Pennsylvania, Homo, in, iii.
Pennsylvania, Old Practitioners in, 160.
Perkins, Robert S., 163.
Perrine, George W.. 339.
Perrine, James K., 420.
Perry, J. D., 325.
Peterson, James, 290.
PfeifTer, Geo. S. F., 147, 249.
Pfonts, John S.. 339. 413.
Pharmacies in New York State, 102.
Pharmacies in Ohio. 185.
Philadelphia, List of Old Homo. Practi-
tioners, 159.
Phillips, Albert W.. 2aS.
Pike, A. J., 261.
Piper, John, 317.
Pitney, Aaron, 345.
Pittsburgh, Homo, in, 153.
Plumbe, E. O., 418.
Polk Co. Homo. Med. Soc, 386.
Pollock, Alex., 360.
Pomeroy, Thomas F., Sketch, 331.
Pond, L W., 154.
Pope, Gustavus W., 319.
Porter, David C, 154.
Porter, Isaac G., 202.
Porter, Maria W., 387.
Porter, William W., 357.
Portland Meth. Hosp., 413.
Potter, E., 356.
Powers, David C. 330.
Practitioners in New York, Early, 104.
Practitioners in Penna., 160.
Practitioners in Phila., 159.
Pratt, Leonard, 153, 358.
Pratt, S. Milton, 415.
Prentice, Nathan Fay, 359.
Pretsch, Dr., 154.
Price, Dr., 174.
Price, E. H., 372.
Provers' Union, 38.
Provers' Union and Mat. Med. Club, 351.
Pulsifer, Moses R., 310.
Pulsifer, Nathan G. H., 310.
Pulte, Joseph H., 152, 171.
Pyburn, George, 408.
Q
Quin. James M., 92.
Quinby, Watson Fell, iji.
R
Raue, Charles G., 230.
Ravold, Jacques, 366.
Raymond, Jonas C, 383.
Rea, Albert, 312.
Reading Homo. Hosp., 123.
Reed, Maro Mch., 358.
Reichhelm, GustaVus, 154.
Reid, Fidelia R. H., 340.
Reinhold, C. G., 150.
Reisner. J. C., 153.
Rensselaer County, N. Y., Homo, in, 97.
Rend, William R.. 382.
Rhees, Morgan John, 245.
Rheiwinkle, F. H., 177.
Rhode Island Homo. Hosp., 276.
Rhode Island, Homo, in, 275.
Rhode Island Homo. Med. Soc, 276.
Rich, Jane A., 266.
Richards, George W., 244.
Richmond, B. W., 175.
Richter, F. L.. 418.
Richter, Moritz, 380.
Ring, Hamilton, 180.
Rivera, D., 376.
Roberts, Francis A., 308.
Roberts, Jacob, 308.
12
INDEX
Robinson, Henry D., 255.
Robinson, Horatio, 95.
Robinson, Lucy, 400.
Robinson, Samuel A., 154.
Roche, Manning B., 228.
Rochester Homo. Hosp., 57.
Rockford Homo. Med. Soc, 351.
Rock River Inst, of Homo., 350.
Rockwell, R. W., 205.
Rodman, Wm. W., 206.
Rogers, Smith, 329.
Romig, George M., 135.
Romig, John, 135.
Romig, William H., 135.
Rosa, Lemuel K., 183.
Rosa, Storm, 182.
Rosenstein, L G., 283.
Rossman, Robert, 98.
Routh, G. E., zy^.
Royer, Dr., 375.
Rueckert, Ernst Ferd., 40.
Runner, Reuben C., 367.
Russell, George, 232.
Rutherford, C. E., 301.
Rutland Co., Homo, in, 267.
Rutter, J. C, 154.
Saal, Gerhard, 176.
Sabine, L., 325.
St. Luke's Homo. Hosp., 125.
St. Luke's Hosp., 410.
St. Mary's Homo. Hosp., Passaic, 242.
St. Paul Homo. Hosp., 390.
St. Vincent's Hosp., 169.
Sanborn, Beniah, 263.
Sanborn, J. M., 263.
Sanborn, John, 264.
Sandicky, Dr., 305.
Sanford, Charles E., 204.
Sanford, Edward, 235.
San Francisco Co. Soc. of Homo. Practi-
tioners, 380.
San Francisco Surg, and Gynec. Inst., 380.
Saunders, Chas. F., 278.
Savage, A. M., 102.
Sawin, Isaac W., 281.
Sawyer, Alfred I., Sketch, 332.
Sawyer, Bcnj. E., 236.
Saxenburger, F., 399.
Saynisch, Lewis, 149.
Schafer, Dr., 343.
Scheurer, P., 143.
Schlagel, Dr., 174.
Schley, James M., 334.
Schmidt, Jacob, 144, 198.
Schmoelc, William, 144.
Schue, John, 202.
Schuyler County, N. Y., Homo, in, loi.
Scott Co, Homo. INIed. Soc, 386.
Scott, Dr.. 154.
Scott, M. L., 407.
Searles, Samuel, 154.
Sears, R. H., Reminiscences, 301.
Seidlitz, George M., 387.
Sel fridge, J. M., 382.
Shackford, Rufus, 307.
Shawnee Co. Homo. Med. Soc, 415.
Shearer, Thomas, 414.
Sheffield, Henry, 369.
Shepherd, Alfred, 177.
Shepherd, David, 175.
Sheppard, Wm. R., 254.
Sherman, John H., 237.
Shipman, George E., 353, 355.
Shivers, Bowman H., 247.
Sieze, Emanuel, 94.
Similia Similibus Curantur, Principle of,
22.
Sisson, Edward R., 229.
Sisson, William H. H., 399.
Sioux City Homo. Med. Assn., 386.
Skeels, Alfred P., 393.
Skiff, Charles H., 202.
Skiff. Chas. W., 203.
Skiff, Paul C, 203.
Slye. Lawton C, 340.
Small, Alvan E., 150.
Smith, David S., 345.
Smith, D. S., 357.
Smith, Eugene, 422.
Smith, F. S., 154.
Smith, John Elisha, 400.
Snow, Robert A., 179.
Societe Hahn. De La N. Orleans, 188.
Society of Homo. Pract., 380.
Society of Homo. Phys. of Iowa, 386.
Sook, Henry L., 176.
South Carolina, Homo, in, 413.
Southern Cal. State Asy. for Insane and
I neb., 380.
Southern Homo. Med. Assn., 188.
Southern Kan. Homo. Med. Assn., 415.
Southern Tier Homo. Med. Soc, 50.
Spain, Homoeopathy in, 20.
Sparhawk, George E. F., 262.
Sparhawk, Samuel H., 263.
Spaulding, Dr., 99, 364.
Spencer, Nathan, 98.
Sperry, Dr., 390.
Spooner, John P., 216.
Spranger, F. X., 154.
Springer, C. F., 375.
Stapf, Johann Ernst, 38.
Starr, Edward W., 335.
Starrett, Simon P., 393.
State Asylum for Insane, Mo., 364.
State Homo. Med. Soc. of Miss., 395.
Stearns, Daniel Edward. T},.
Stegemann, Dr., 42.
Steinestel, J. D., 365.
Stevens, Charles A., 98.
INDEX
Stevens, Grenville S., 277.
Stevens, Porter, 383.
Stewart, David G., 300.
Stewart, Jerry W., 415.
Stewart, Walter, 91, 396.
Stone, Henry E., 205.
Storke, Eugene F., 408.
Stout, Henry Rice, 410.
Stratton, C. W., 236.
Streeter, George D., ^j'jd, 399.
Sturdevant, Thomas, 254.
Sturm, William, 171.
Suffolk County, N. Y., Homo, in, 102. .
Swain, Marcus, 340.
Swan, Daniel, 216.
Swazey, George W., 226.
Sweden, Homoeopathy in, 19.
Swinney, John G., 273.
Syracuse and Utica Com. of Homo. Phys.
100.
Syracuse Homo. Hosp., 59.
T
Tacoma Homo. Acad, of Med., 424.
Taft, Cincinnatus A., 201.
Taft, Gustavus M., 201.
Tantum, Joseph R., 274.
Taplin, T. C, 259.
Tarbell, John Adams, 219.
Taxil, L. V. M., 189.
Taylor, Charles, 201.
Taylor, Charles W., 234.
Taylor, Dr. George, 201.
Taylor, John, 92.
Taylor, Oliver B., 204.
Temple, John, 363.
Temple, Peter, 367.
Tennessee, Homo, in, 369.
Terre Haute Homo. Med. Soc, 297.
Texas, Homo, in, 2)1})-
Texas Homo. Med. Assn., 2,^2,-
Tifft, John, 176.
Tioga County, Pa.. Homo, in, 149.
Thayer, David, 221.
Thayer, S. B., 327.
Thayer, S. B., Biog., 331.
The Dakotas, Homo, in, 418.
Thomas, Wm. Way, 273.
Thompson, Greenfield, 310.
Thorp, John H., loi.
Thorne, Joshua, 366.
Thorne, L., 406.
Todd, W. S., Sr., loi.
Toledo Protestant Hosp., 171.
Tomlinson, Rev. Mr., 222.
Topeka Homo. Med. Soc, 415.
Tracy, L. M., 96, 338.
Train, Horace Dwight, 223.
Trinks, Dr. C. F., 41.
Troyer, Moses, 355.
Tucker, S. Giles, 202.
Tyson, Dr., 367.
U
Ulrich, Dr., 343.
Utah, Homo, in, 417.
Utah Homo. Med. Assn., 417.
Utica Homo. Hosp., 59.
V
Vail, Ira, 364.
Vail, J., 190.
Van Beuren, Louis Folk, 78.
Van Buren, L. H., 295.
Vanderburgh, Federal, 79.
Van Deusen, H. A., 237.
Van Deusen, James M., 261.
Van Dusen, A., 327.
Vastine, Thomas J., 364.
Veith, Prof. S., 41.
Venango County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
\"erdi. Giro S., 321.
Verdi, Tullio S., 320.
Vermont, Homo, in, 258. '
Vermont Homo. Med. Soc, 258.
Vinal, L. G., 255.
Virginia, Homo, in, 162.
Virginia, Old Phys. of, 164.
Voak, John Emory, 357.
von Gottschalk, Wm., 281.
W
Wager, Sanford, 265.
Waggoner, Calvin C., 388.
Wahlenberg, Dr. George, Introduces
Hom'y in Sweden, 19.
Wakeman, John A., 360.
Walkenbarth, Dr., 366.
Walker, Amos, 326.
Walker, Charles, 222.
Walker, George S., 2^6.
Walker, L., 400.
Walthall, Dr., 164.
Walther, Edward, 388, 391.
Ward, Isaac M., 242.
Ward, Walter, 245.
Ward's Island Homo. Hosp., 57.
Warner, Nash Hull, 97.
Washington Co., Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Washington, D. C, Homo, in, 315.
Washington Homo. Med. Soc, 317.
Washington, Homo, in, 424.
Washington Medical and Surgical Club,
317.
Washington State Homo. Med. Soc, 424.
W'auke, Dr.. 152.
Way, Jacob H., 399.
Wayne Co. Homo. Med. Soc, 297.
Wayne County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
14
INDEX
Weber, Charles S., 392.
Webster, Elias, 179.
Webster, H. D. L., 422.
Webster, William, 179.
Wedelstaedt, H., 390.
Weisicker, Dr., 383.
Weld. Chris. M., 219.
Wellman, Washington I., loi.
Wells, Phineas P., 93.
Werder, Max J., 154.
Werder, Maximilian, 382.
Westboro Asylum for Insane, 212.
West, Edwin, 154.
West Jersey Homo. Hosp., 242.
West Phila. Homo. Hosp. and Disp., 128
West Virginia, Homo, in, 402.
West Virginia Homo. Med. Soc, 163.
Wesselhoeft, Robert, 134, 233.
Wesselhoeft, William, 132, 218.
Western Dist. N. J. Homo. Med. Soc, 241.
Western Ky. Homo. Med. Soc., 284.
Western New York Homo. Med. Soc. 50.
Wheat, John N., 392.
Wheaton, P. M.. 327, 369.
Wheeler. John, 174.
White. Isaiah, 417.
White. Wm. H., 329.
Whitehead, Coburn, 149.
Whitfield, N. C, 418.
Whitman, Joshua A., 413.
Whitman, Marcus, 412.
Whittier, Daniel B., 237.
Whittle, Joshua F., 290.
Wichita Homo. Hosp., 415.
Wicstling, Dr., 154.
Wigand, Henry, 179.
Wilcox. George D., 281.
Wild, Charles, 216.
Wilder, Daniel, 229.
Wilkinson, Ross M., 246.
Williams, Chas. D.. 179.
Williams, George W., 376.
Williams, John A., 370.
Williams, Nancy T., 310.
Williams, Savina L., 387.
Williamson, Walter, 150.
Williamson, Walter M., 340.
Wilmington Homo. Hosp., 270.
Wilmington Med. Club, 270.
Wilsey, Ferd. Little, 63.
Wilson, Abraham Duryea, 70.
Wilson, G. Herrick, 206.
Wilson, Pusey. 247.
Windham Co., Homo, in, 267.
Winslow, Caroline B., 321. ■
Vv^isconsin, Homo, in, 337.
Wisconsin Institute of Homo., 338.
Wisconsin State Homo. Med. Soc, 338.
Wislicenus, W. E., 40.
Witherill, A. A., loi.
Witherill. Edwin C, 173.
Wolf, Dr. Paul, 41.
Woman's Homo. Hosp., St. Louis, 364.
Women's Homo. Med. Soc. of Chicago. 351.
Woman's Infirmary Assn. of Wash. Hts.,
54-
Woman's So. Homo. Hosp. of Phila., 125.
Wood, John Gage, 225.
Wood, Orlando S., 399.
Woodbury Co., Homo. Med. Soc, 386.
Woodruff, Francis, 329.
Woodruff, William L., 419.
Woodvine, Denton G., 234.
Woodward. Edward P., 204.
Worcester Homo. Hosp., 214.
Worcester, Samuel, 265.
World's Fair Homo. Emerg. Hosp., 352.
Wright, A. J., 422.
Wright, A. S., 382.
Wright, Augustus S., 297, 398.
Wright, Clark, 84.
Wright. Nathaniel Van W., 424.
Wyoming, Homo, in, 417.
Yonkers Homo. Hosp., 59.
Youlin, John J., 251.
History of Homoeopathy
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
ITS INSTITUTIONS IN AMERICA
CHAPTER I
The Subject Introduced — Discovery in IMedical Science — Brief Allusion to the Founder —
Homoeopathy in Germany — Bohemia — Austria — Russia — France — Italy — America —
Sweden — Great Britain^Spain — Belgium — Cuba.
The discovery of glaring and inexctisable inconsistencies in the practice
and administration of medicine during the last quarter of the eighteenth
century led to the promulgation of a safer method of cure than the world
had before known. It is said that evolution and development were the talis-
manic watchwords of the nineteenth century, during which were made the
greatest strides in advancement in the arts and sciences that the world had
known in all history, and that among the thousands of remarkable discov-
eries which marked that century most of them dated within the last half
thereof. This may be true, and if it is homoeopathy is to be credited to the
advances in medical science of the preceding century, and to have attained
its greatest degree of development and perfection during the last fifty years.
Homa-opathy at the beginning of the twentieth century rests on the solid
fundamental principle established by its founder more than a hundred years
ago, and from that beginning has advanced in every conceivable direction,
keeping even step with the grand march of progress in every branch of
science throughout all subsequent time.
It was not that Hahnemann was raised up for his special mission in life ;
he was born and raised and trained as were others of his time ; in childhood
and youth endowed with mental qualities as were those with whom he asso-
ciated, not more gifted than they, perhaps, but, unlike them, was possessed
of a studious mind, an inquiring nature, and he loved the companionship of
his books more than the pleasures of idle hours, and far more than he loved
his father's workshop, v/here he was sought to be kept with the brushes and
paints and porcelain wares until he was skilled in the art of his father. But
whatever the environment of his youth, his early advantages in education
and his ultimate determination to enter tipon the life of a physician, Hahne-
mann was in many respects a remarkable man, and what he did was only the
right employment of the talents with which he had been endowed by nature
and directed by circumstances.
It has been said with much truth that the early history of homoeopathy
in Germany was only the history of Hahnemann's life in that country, the
18 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
story of which is told by Bradford in these pages, as it has been told by hun-
dreds of other commentators. " It is easy to show," Ptihlitian says of Hahne-
mann, " that when he advanced his new doctrine he not only made opposi-
tion to the spirit of that time, but that he necessarily paid a tribute to the
latter by plantmg the roots of the new system into the old soil. We know
from his biography that he withdrew in disgust from the old shallow mode
of practice and devoted iiimself for some time to the study of chemistry."
To appreciate the worth of Hahnemann's character one must also know
something of the condition of medicine in his time, but a thorough study of
this subject leads into a limitless field, dangerous and uncertain even to
the cautious logician of the twentieth century, for the greatest achievements
in this particular branch of science are credited to the last fifty years. This
is true not only of the homoeopathic school, but as well of the so-called (by
themselves) regular school.
But the opponents of the doctrine propounded by Hahnemann, and im-
proved upon and elaborated by his more modern followers, never have
regarded homcEopathy in the light of advanced medical science, and with
the truth before them of the enlightened age in which they live, still charac-
terize the principles of siniilia similihus ciirantiir as one of the fallacies of
a former era ; but they practice it, at times consult its " dogmatic " theories,
and liaving intelligently investigated and compared it with the teachings
under which they themselves were schooled, they are frequently led to accept
its truths and employ them in practice. It is a fact that in America to-day
just about one-sixth part of the medical practitioners employing the agencies
of cure taught exclusively in homoeopathic schools are graduates of- allo-
pathic colleges, and that notwithstanding the fact that of the hundred schools
of medical instruction in America onlv one-fifth of them are distinctly homoe-
opathic in teaching.
Hahnemann propounded his startling dogma in Germany in 1790, after
which the new school passed through many wonderful and prolonged tests,
trials and opposition before it was recognized and tolerated in other countries.
But the seed had been sown in fertile German soil, grew there and flour-
ished, and eventually spread out its branches into other lands. According
to Altschul, the new doctrine was introduced in Bohemia in 1817, and in
the next year Veith, the great nestor, had his attention directed to it by
Krastiansky. the famous army surgeon. In Austria it found lodgment in
1819, with Gossncr practicing in Oberhollabrun and Mussek in Seafeld. but
in the same year Emperor Francis I ordered that " Dr. Hahnemann's homoe-
opathic method of cure should be generally and strictly forbidden;" but the
prohibition was only temporary. In Russia the system was first introduced
by laymen as early as 1823, and soon afterward Dr. Adams, the friend of
Hahnemann, began practice in St. Petersburg. France caught the infection
in 1830. when the new doctrine found there its first expounder in Count des
Guidi, a doctor of medicine, doctor of science, and inspector of the Uni-
versity at Lyons, who had occasion to consult de Romani, a homoeopathic
physician of great reputation in Naples.
In writing of the introduction of homoeopathy into Italy, Dadea, M.D.
of Turin, says the seed was sown in the soil of Naples by the Austrians
who entered that citv in March, 1821, "to deprive its noble inhabitants of
the liberty they had gained bv the revolution of the same year. The general
in command of the army of occupation, Baron Francis Koller, a devoted
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
19
friend of homaopathy, presented to the Royal Academy of Naples a copy
of Hahnemann's Organon and Materia Medica, inviting them to make use
of it for the benefit of conscience and humanity."
Gram carried the new system on his voyage to America in 1825, when
he set foot on the soil of New York, then, as now, the first city in the land,
and he the first exponent of the doctrine, a scholar, teacher, and in every
respect a gentleman, but not well calculated to combat the prejudices of
those who made war on his principles. This was the home-coming of Gram,
but the tidings he bore found no warm welcome on this side of the Atlantic.
Further than this it does not become this chapter to treat of homceopathy in
Dr. Johann Ernst Stapf.
America, that being the principal subject of the greater work of which these
comments arc only introductory.
The honor of having introduced homoeopathy in Sweden is accorded to
Dr. George Wahlenberg, a professor in the University of Upsala, whose
duties required him to lecture on the subjects of botany and pharmacia and
organica, and who in order to qualify himself for his work felt bound to
study the few homoeopathic books then extant; and having studied them,
he became convinced of their rational truth, although he himself never prac-
ticed the new system. This honor fell to Leidbeck and Souden. whose first
proselyte was Sonderberg, the eminent botanist and ornithologist, who had
settled in the little ancient town of Sigtuna.
Kerr, :M.D. of Cheltenham, in his historical narrative savs that although
Hahnemann published his Organon of Medicine as far back' as 1810, it was
20 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
not until 1826 that professional notice of homoeopathy was taken in Great
Britain, when at a meeting of the Medical Society of London in that year
the subject was introduced, inquired into, voted upon, and " dropped ;" a
most natural result when the condition of the medical profession in the
United Kingdom at that time is considered. In the next year, however,
there settled in London Frederic F. Quin, physician and one of the suite of
Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg. Quin had studied homoeopathy in Ger-
many, practiced it in Naples, and had the honor of introducing it in England.
But Quin, on account of his presumption in practicing in England without
license from that august body, the censors of the Royal College of Physicians,
was brought to bar by them, threatened with penalties, but not giving heed
to these admonitions was left severely alone to pursue his own pleasure in
undisturbed peace. Later on, however, homoeopathy came under the ban
of persecution in Great Britain and was subjected to a series of bitter attacks,
but withstood them all and emerged from the contest stronger and better
than ever before.
" In 1829 there came to Madrid," says the narrative of the homoeopathic
society of the Spanish capital city, " a royal commission sent by the King
of Naples to attend the marriage of Donna Maria Christina with Don Ferdi-
nand VII, to which commission Dr. Horatiis, a practitioner of homoeopathy,,
was attached as physician. But as his stay in Spain was short he left no
notable results of the reformed medicine which he practiced." Of more
importance were the services rendered by a layman, Zuarte, a merchant of
Cadiz, who, when travelling for his health, made the acquaintance of Necker,
and became an enthusiast on the subject of homoeopathic treatment. Zuarte
was the friend of Senor Vilalba of the diplomatic corps, and they traveled
together to Coethen to visit Hahnemann and consult with him concerning
the illness of the former. Following the founder's advice, he went to Lyons
and was cured, and in the gratitude of his heart he bought copies of Hahne-
mann's works and distributed them among the physicians of Andalusia; and
he sent to Leipsic, at his own expense, a medical student to receive the
instructions of the most famous German homoeopaths of the time. Thus the
homoeopathic doctrine first became known in Spain in 1829 and 1830, and
was first practiced -in the Andalusian provinces of that country.
Belgium in the center of Western Europe has for centuries excited the
covetousness of her powerful neighbors — Holland on the north ; the German
empire 011 the east ; France on the west and southwest, and England on the
west and separated from her by the North Sea. During the last five cen-
turies Belgium has been occupied in turn by France, Spain and Germany,
and not until 1830 was she separated from Holland to establish an inde-
pendent government. About 1829 homoeopathy made its appearance in the
country, when DeMoor of Alost, titular surgeon of the civil hospital, made
himself the apostle of the new system. About two years afterward Varlez
and Carlier adopted homoeopathic practice in Brussels, and in 1837 thev,.
with the assistance of Brixhe, Dugniolle, Van Meerbur, Dunemberg and
others founded the Belgian Homaopathic Society.
Homoeopathy was introduced into Havana about 1842 by Francisco de
P. Escopet, who came from Spain at that time. The earliest practitioner
of the school in Santiago de Cuba was Joaquin Bramon, who came from
Barcelona in Spain in 1845 and continued in practice until 1847. I" Jamaica
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 21
"homoeopathy was practically unknown until after 1870, and then its advocates
were for a time suppressed by the civil authorities.
Such, then, is a mere outline of the introduction of homoeopathy in
various European countries and some of their western possessions. It is
not the province of this work to treat in detail the history of homoeopathy
in other countries than America, but only to trace in a general way the
gradual outspreading of the system from its original home in Germany to
other foreign principalities and ultimately into America ; and whatever is
written in these introductory pages is only to lay the foundation of the ex-
haustive narrative which begins with the story of Hahnemann's life and his
subsequent achievements as told by Bradford.
22 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER n
The Beginnings of Homoeopathy — Hahnemann, the Founder — His Birth and Education —
His Trials and Triumphs — His Death — Brief Allusion to Some of the Provers,
Disciples of the Founder.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
The principle of similia similibus curantur is as old as the history of
medicine. The fact that a substance capable of producing a certain series
of symptoms will also remove like symptoms when produced by some other
cause, was known to the ancient fathers of medicine. But like many another
truth, although cures resulted occasionally and were noted by medical writers,
no effort ever was made to understand and make practical iise of this law of
nature until Hahnemann, a German chemist and physician, whose attention
was by chance called to it, began by personal experimentation to test its truth.
After much effort, through trials, through trouble and ridicule, harassed
by poverty, ostracised by his fellows, he steadily pursued his way, destined
to triumph in the end and to lay his burden down, having passed by many
years the usual span of life, in the most brilliant of the cities built by men,
rich, respected, and honored, recognized as the founder and the master of
a great medical system whose practitioners were established in many coun-
tries. And it was no idle utterance that fell frrrally from his Itps — " Hon
inutilis vixi " — I have not lived in vain.
It has been said that genius consists in a capacity for taking infinite
pains. It is equally true that the exercise of that faculty is not entirely at
the option of the individual. There is a force within man that impels him
to labor at an appointed task, at the picture, the book, the nation's cause, or
humanity's. The artist is unhappy away from his canvas where every touch
is a means to the fulfilment of a definite purpose, and he must continue to
lay tint upon tint and color beside color until the glorious conception of the
perfect picture is fixed upon the canvas to delight future generations of
man. The author must write on regardless of his surroundings ; he can not
help himself ; his tale must be told. The general must direct his army piti-
lessly onward over rough ways, where dead bodies are, past burning homes,
onward to victory or death ; it is his destiny and he must fulfill it. The reformer
must walk steadily, with unheeding ears, and with eyes fixed upon a future
beyond the ken of his fellows ; he must bear the jeers of the world^s idlers,
pressing onward to the end, be it stake or laurel crown. Each by the impell-
ing power within him is driven to accomplish his destiny. It is only at cer-
tain periods in the world's history that such a man is born, kindling in his
heart from childhood the sacred fire. The results of these rare birth-gifts
to the world mark epochs in its history, and by them mankind is advanced
a step toward the fulfilment of the Creator's end. Such a man was Hahne-
mann, the story of whose remarkable life and medical system is about to
be told.
HISTORY OF HOMCKOPATHV
23
Samuel Christian Frederick Hahnemann was born on the night of April
lo, 1755, at Meissen, Saxony, the son of a porcelain painter. It is related
that the father gave his son when the latter was five years old lessons in
thinking, devoting a certain time each day to that instruction. The good
father during these hours would advise the boy to prove all things and to
hold fast to that which was good. Early in life he was placed in the village
school, and it was a habit of his boyhood to wander over the beautiful hills
of Meissen. He loved to study the plants and ^
made an herbarium ; he was fond of natural ■ ■ * ]
history. So apt v/as he that when twelve years
old the good Master Miiller intrusted to him to
teach the rudiments of Greek to the other
pupils. About this time the frugal father
wished to take him from school and, after the
way of German fathers, set him to work, but
Magister Miiller, the principal, entreated the
father and ofifered to remit the tuition, upon
which the bright, studious lad was allowed to
remain at his books. At sixteen he entered
the Meissen private school. Several times the
father took his son from school only to be per-
suaded to allow him to return. Once he ap-
prenticed him to a grocer at Leipsic, but the
lad ran away and returned home, where his
mother concealed him for several days until
the father's heart was softened. It is also re-
lated that the father objected to the waste of
lighting fluid needed for midnight study, upon
which the son fashioned a rude clay lamp and hid himself with his books at
night in a retired nook in the rambling old Eck-house where he lived.
There was a wonderful native force within the boy impelling him to
study, to store his mind with useful knowledge, and that despite paternal
frowns and other difficulties. He had to learn — it was destiny — and the
father at last began to realize that there was something in this country-bred
lad of twenty years ; this eccentric son, who already knew somewhat of Latin,
Greek, Hebrew, history, and physics, and whom nothing in the way of oppo-
sition could deter from knowing, and that he ouglit no longer attempt to
curb. And so when Samuel was twenty years old, in 1775, and when the
Easter beils were linging, Hahnemann, the student, received from his father
about twenty dollars, with permission to journev to Leipsic, the university
town, and win his way m his own manner. He began student life in Leipsic
by attending lectures during the day and devoting the nights to translations
from the English into German, and he also taught German and French to
a rich young Greek. A generous citizen of ]\Ieissen had presented him with
free tickets to the medical lectures, but his literary occupations were such as
to prevent him from attending them regularly ; but he studied hard and
saved his money that he might sooner go to the more advantageous schools
of V^ienna. Soon after he went to Leipsic he was defrauded of his savings,
and for nine months was obliged to live on a little more than sixty-eight
florins, and then to seek a self-supporting position. But the way was pro-
vided in the person of Dr. \'on Ouarin, who was physician to ^laria Theresa
Dr. Gustay Wilhelm Gross.
24
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
and Emperor Joseph. He assisted this young Saxon scholar, who thus spoke
■of his benefactor many years afterwards : ''' He respected, loved and in-
structed me as if I had been the lirst of his pupils, and even more than this,
and he did it all without expecting any compensation from me. To him I
am indebted for my calling as a physician. I had his friendship and I may
almost say his love, and I was the only one of my age whom he took with
him to visit his private patients."
Von Ouarin secured for Hahnemann the position of private physician
and librarian to the Baron von Bruckenthal, who was governor of Sieben-
burgen and lived in the city of Hermanstadt. For a year and nine months
he remained in the delightful seclusion of Von Bruckenthal's great library,
filled with priceless books and manuscripts. He catalogued his collections
ljrtlliirmanii9 (Oclmtt^liaiis in ilUififii.
Hahnemann's Birthplace in Meissen.
of rare coins and also the books, and arranged them. And he studied them.
He was always studying, making ready for the future that as yet he dreamed
not of, and was impelled always by an unknown inward force to gain new
and varied knowledge. When Hahnemann left Hermanstadt he was master
of Greek, Latin, English, Hebrew, Italian, Syriac, Arabic, Spanish, German,
and had besides a little knowledge of Chaldaic ; and then he was only twenty-
four years of age.
This is the man who has been called " that ignorant German fanatic ! "
He bade the good baron farewell in the spring of 1779, and went to the Uni-
versity of Erlangen to take his degree as doctor of medicine, chosing Erlan-
gen because the fees were less than at \'ienna. At this place on August 10,
1779, he successfully defended his thesis, and received his diploma. From
the time of graduation in August until some time in the year 1780, it is
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 25
probable that Hahnemann travelled about in the towns of Lower Hungary.
In the summer of 1780 a home-longing overcame him and he returned to
Saxony, locating in the little town of Hetstadt in a copper mining country,
where he found little to do but study the mining. He remained there nine
months, going thence in the springtime of 1781 to Dessau, where he first
turned his attention to chemistry, of which he afterwards became one of the
most able exponents and experimentalists of the time. Here also he gained
much knowledge of practical mining and smelting, which he afterwards
utilized in writing upon those subjects ; and, as he so quaintly said : " I
filled the dormer windows of my mind."
In Dessau Hahnemann met Johanna Henrietta Leopoldine Kuchler,
■daughter of apothecary Kuchler, who became his life companion. Thev were
Dr. Carl Gottlob Franz.
Tiiarried in Dessau, December i, 1782. He was twenty-seven and she nine-
teen years old. He had a short time previous taken the post of parish doctor
at Gommern, a small town not far from Magdeburg. They went there and
he at once began regularly to practice his profession. Hahnemann said that
there had previously been no physician at this place, and that the inhabitants
had no desire for any such person. Here he remained two years and nine
months. While there he made some important translations and published
his first original book " On the Treatment of Old Sores and Ulcers." In
this work he gave the results of his experience in Transylvania, and said
that the patients probably would have done quite as well without him. And
in writing of his treatment of a case of caries of the metatarsal bone he said :
IQ HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
" I scrapeci the carious bone clean out and removed all the dead part, dressed
it with alcohol and watched the result " (not a bad method of treatment for
the surgery of the present day, and that was in 1784). The matter of hygiene
was mentioned in his book, although at that time it was very little under-
stood. Even then the master was teaching in advance of his time.
He now began, as he says, to taste the delights of home ; he was con-
tented ; his books and his official position supported him ; but the rude and
barbarous medical methods of the day disturbed his logical and educated
mind, which was trained to expect definite results ; and he disliked to give
compounds of whose effects on patients he was ignorant. He could not
accept the loose ways and methods of the existing medical schools. In the
celebrated letter to Hufeland, the " Nestor of German medicine," on the
" Necessity of a Regeneration in Medicine," published some time afterward,
Hahnemann fully explained his feelings at that period of his life, and his
reasons for giving up the old practice of medicine hampered by dogmas of
doubt. He resigned his position at Gommern in the autumn of 1784 and
entirely gave up practice that (in his own words) " I might no longer incur
the risk of doing injury, and I engaged exclusively in chemistry and in liter-
ary occupations." His mind was now reaching out toward his ideal. As he
once said to Hufeland. lie could not understand a God who had not provided
some certain method of contemplating diseases from their own aspect and
of curing them with certainty. " But why has this method not been dis-
covered during the twenty-five or thirty centuries in which men have called
themselves physicians ? Because it is too near us, and too easy ; because to
attain it there is no need of brilliant sophisms or seducing hypotheses." Im-
pelled by a something within him to seek, Hahnemann gave up the old prac-
tice of medicine and reduced himself and familv to comparative poverty for
conscience sake, and in the fulfillment of the immutable law in his nature
that he was powerless to overcome. From Gommern he removed to brilliant
Dresden, then the home of the arts and the sciences, and devoted his time
to translations and the study of chemistry. He also studied medical juris- •
prudence with Dr. Wagner, the town physician or health officer, who became*
his friend and gave him charge of the hospitals of the town for a year. xA.t
this time Hahnemann was well known in Germany as a scholarly translator
of scientific books, and a daring and successful experimentalist in chemistry.
He was received with warm welcome by the distinguished scholars who re-
sided in Dresden. Adelung, who had made a compilation in five volumes of
the history of all the known languages and dialects (" Mithridates ") and
who was perhaps the foremost philologist in the world ; Dasdorf. the libra-
rian of the great Electoral library — himself a ripe scholar ; Blumenbach,
the naturalist; and Laviosier, the ill-fated chemist, a victim of the reign of
terror. Such was the company Hahnemann enjoyed, a scholar in a scholarly
atmosphere, and in the companionship of men of wisdom. This life con-
tinued four pleasant years. Up to this time all the translations of scientific-
works and the original books he had written were of such a nature as to
render him more fit for the groat discoveries he was soon destined to make.
In Septeml)er. 1789. Hahnemann removed to Leipsic and continued his
literary work. liefore this it is probable that he had no idea that he was
to be a medical reformer. There is nothing in his writings to indicate such
a thought. He was simply a learned physician and chemist, too honest to
bleed and purge and dose his fellow men. and vaguely sc-eking in his own-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 27
mind for some more reasonable and safe method of cure. Soon after his
arrival at Leipsic and while he was translating from the English the materia
medica of the great Scotch physician, William Cullen, he was led by certain
statements in the book to make some original experiments upon himself re-
garding the effects of Peruvian bark. As a result he added a footnote to the
second volume of his translationXjn which he said : " I took by way of
experiment, twice a day, four drachms of good China. My feet, finger tips^
&c., at first became cold ; I grew languid and drowsy ; then my heart began
to palpitate, and my pulse grew hard and small ; intolerable anxiety, trembling
(but without cold rigor), prostration throughout all my limbs; then pulsation
in my head, redness of my cheeks, thirst, and — in short — all these symptoms
which are ordinarily characteristic of Intermittent Fever, made their appear-
ance, one after another, yet without the peculiar chilly rigor. This paroxysm
lasted two or three hours each time, and recurred, if I repeated the dose, not
otherwise. I discontinued it and was in good health." This discovery led to
experiment; analysis led to synthesis. J
Hahnemann passed six years in noting the effects of different drugs and
poisons on healthy persons and in studying old volumes of recorded experi-
ments in materia medica. His family was pressed into the service and friends
also assisted him. Each was tried in various doses and in every possible
variety of circumstance, that the real effect might be clearly understood. All
the time he could spare from his translations was devoted to these provings
and to chemical research.
He now had several children and was so poor that the whole family
lived in a single room, while the father pursued his work in one corner, sep-
arated from the others only by a curtain. It was his custom to sit up every
other night translating in order to gain m.ore time for his experiments. In
1 79 1 poverty compelled him to go to the little village of Stotteritz, where he
could live still more cheaply. While there he helped in the work of the
house, wore the garments and the heavy wooden clogs of the poor German,
and even kneaded the bread with his own hands. Sickness befell his family.
He had lost faith in medicine. Of this period he writes : " Where shall I
look for aid, sure aid? sighed the disconsolate father on hearing the moaning
of his dear, inexpressibly sick children. The darkness of the night and the
dreariness of the desert all around me ; no prospect of relief for my oppressed
paternal heart." Yet always he had in mind the determination to continue his
experiments, to elaborate the new law that he had begun to make practicable.
Previous to this time Hahnemann had no opportunity of testing on the
sick the result of the drug-provings on the healthy, but now it came. A
certain influential man, Herr Klockingbring, had by ridicule been rendered
violently insane, and his wife, having heard of Hahnemann, was induced to
request him to attend her husbandr Through her influence the Duke of
Gotha gave up to Hahnemann for the experiment a wing in his old hunting
castle at Georgenthal at the foot of the' Thuringian mountains, nine miles
from his own capital of Gotha. He caused it to be properlv arranged for
the reception of the maniac and his keepers. He was taken with the madness
in the winter of 1791-92. It probably was in the spring of 1792 that Hahne-
mann's attention was .first called to the case, and during that summer he
went to Georgenthal. It was a case of acute mania and Klockingbring was
very violent, requiring several keepers. Hahnemann says that for "two weeks
he watched him without giving hmi any medicine. It 'was the fashion then
28 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
to treat insane persons with great severity, chaining, beating and placing
them in dark dungeons. Hahnemann did not approve of this and treated
his distinguished patient with great gentleness. It has been claimed that
Hahnemann was in advance of the celebrated alienist Pinel in this plan of
treating the insane. It was during this same year of 1792 that Pinel first
unchained the maniacs in the hospital of Bicetre at Paris. In 1793 Klock-
ingbring returned to Hanover completely cured.
Hahnemann left Georgenthal in May, 1793, going thence to Molschle-
bcn, a smiall village near Gotha. From letters written at this time by him
to a patient, and which have been published, we are able to determine his
whereabouts very correctly. He went from Molschleben to Pyrmont, and from
Dr. Franz Hartmann.
there in 1796 to Wolfenbuttel, and thence to Konigslutter, where he remained
imtil 1799, when he went to Hamburg. The life at Konigslutter is mem-
orable because while living there he published, in 1796, in " The Journal for
Practicing Physicians," edited by his friend Hufeland, and which was the most
important medical journal of that time, his celebrated essay on a "New Prin-
ciple for Ascertaining the Curative Powers of Drugs." In this he gave
to the world for the first time his principle — sttnilia similibns curantur, explain-
ing how he had experimented and the result. It was only after six years of
constant trial and study that he shared his wonderful secret with the medical
world.
During the last year of the life at Konigslutter an epidemic of scarlet
fever occurred, and Hahnemann put his new found knowledge to the proof.
HISTORY OF HOAICEOPATHY 2^
and declared that belladonna, inasmuch as it would produce a similar drug
condition, would cure scarlet fever — and it did; and because he first tested
the cure on the sick and did not reveal its name until he was sure of its
effect, his enemies even to the present day, have accused him of dealing in
secret remedies and nostrums.*
But in prescribing with his own medicines for these patients he had
offended against the law, and the jealous apothecaries of Konigslutter hounded
him forth to fresh wanderings. In the autumn of 1799 he packed all his
goods and his family into a large wagon, and with heavy heart left the town
where life had begun to present some sunshine, and started on the road to
Hamburg. On the journey over a precipitous part of the way the wagon
was overturned ; the driver was thrown from his seat ; Hahnemann himseli
was injured; a daughter's leg was broken; an infant son Ernst was so hurt
that he soon died, and his property was damaged by falling into a stream.
At the nearest village of Muhlhausen he was obliged to remain six weeks at.
considerable expense.
He settled after this at Altona and did not go to Hamburg until 1800.
It was in this year that Fleischer, the Leipsic publisher, gave to Hahnemann
to translate an English book containing medical prescriptions. He trans-
lated the text into good German, but added an original preface in which he
so ridiculed and satirized and belittled the compound prescriptions of the
great lights of the English n:edical world that it put an end to his employ-
ment by that publisher. His only further translation was the Von Haller
Materia Medica fiom the Latin, which was published in 1806. At this
period he wrote several essays for Hufeland's journal. In 1802 he went
from Hamburg to Mollen in the duchy of Lauenburg, and from there jour-
neyed to Eilenburg in beloved Saxony. He was not allowed to remain there,
however, as the health officer ordered him away. From thence he went to-
^lachern, a village four miles from Leipsic, where poverty again distressed
him. It is related that after toiling all day at translating (at the Haller
Materia Medica) he often assisted his wife to wash the family clothing at
night, and as they could not purchase soap they employed raw potatoes in-
stead. The portion of bread allowed to each was so small that he w^as accus-
tomed to weigh it out in equal proportion. From Machern he went to Wit-
tenburg. departing soon after for Dessau, where he lived for two years.
Hahnemann left Hamburg about the beginning of 1802. He could not
have remained long in one place. He was poor and persecuted, driven from
town to town. He passed about two years at Dessau and, according to a
letter written by him, he was in June, 1805, domiciled at Torgau, where he
remained until 181 1, when he went to Leipsic. As his essays in the medical
journals only brought him into condemnation he afterwards published his
articles in the "General German Gazette of Literature and Science."
Hahnemann's first collection of provings — " Fragmenta de Viribus " — was-
published in Latin w^hile he was at Torgau, in 1805. Five years later the
first edition of the Organon appeared. In this he gave to the world a careful
explanation of his new medical discoveries and beliefs. It contained every-
thing relating to the new medical method and in it he for the first time men-
'■^This was the only occasion on which Hahnemann ever withheld the
name and purpose of any medicament employed by him.
30
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
tioned the name Homoeopathy. The work appeared in 1810, from the press
of his friend and patient, Arnold. The book consists of an introduction and
the Organon itself. The introduction is entitled " Review of the medication,
allopathy and palliative treatment that have prevailed to the present time in
the old school of medicme," and comprises the first one hundred pages of
the Organon.
Hahnemann here presents the curious
story of the efforts of mankind to conquer
disease. He writes : " But ever since that
time (soon after Hippocrates, therefore for
J^t^ll^ ' 2,500 years) men have occupied themselves
^^^H^ with the treatment of the ever-increasing
/ ^^^ ' multiplicity of diseases, who, led astray by
" - '• * their vanity, sought by reasoning and guess-
ing to excogitate the mode of furnishing
this aid. Innumerable and dissimilar ideas
respecting the nature of diseases and their
remedies sprang from so many dissimilar
brains, and the theoretical views these gave
rise fo, they called (structures) systems,
each of which was at variance with the rest
and self-contradictory. Each of these subtle
expositions at first threw the readers into
stupefied amazeriient at the incomprehen-
sible wisdom contained in it, and attracted
to the system monger a number of fol-
lowers, who re-echoed his unnatural soph-
istry, to none of whom, however, was it
of the slightest use in enabling them to
cure better, until a new system, often diranetrically opposed to the first, thrust
that aside, and in its turn gained a short-lived renown. None of them was in
consonance with nature and experience ; they were mere theoretical webs
constructed by cunning mtellects out of pretended consequences which could
not be made use of in practice, in the treatment at the sick-bed, on account of
their excessive subtlety and repugnance to nature and only served for empty
disQCTtations.
Xi' Simultaneously, but quite independent of all these theories, there sprung
up a mode of treatment with mixtures of unknown medicinal substances,
against forms of disease arbitrarily set up, and directed towards some ma-
terial object, completely at variance with nature and experience, hence, as
may be supposed, with a bad result — such is old medicine. Allopathy, as it
is termedj
" Wiuiout disparaging the services which many physicians have rendered
to the sciences auxiliary to medicine, to natural philosophy and chemistry,
to natural history in its various branches, and to that of man in particular,
anthropology, physiology and anatomy, &c.,0. shall occupy myself here with
the practical part of medicine only, with the healing art itself, in order to
show how it is that diseases have hitherto been imperfectly treated. I speak
merely of the medical art as hitherto practiced, whicl;i^_presuming on its
antiquity, imagines itself to possess a scientific character.^/
Hahnemann then discusses various medical methods, blood letting, evac-
Dr. Moritz Miiller.
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 31
iiant, stimulating, &c. He says again : " The presumed character of the
affection, they regarded as the cause of the disease, and hence they directed
their pretended casual treatment against spasm, inflammation (plethora), fever,
general and partial debility, mucus, putridity, obstructions, &c., which they
thought to remove by means of their antispasmodic, antiphlogistic, tonic,
stimulant, antiseptic, dissolvent, resolvent, derivative, evacuant, atUtagonistic
remedies, (of which they only possessed a superficial knowledge).
^]jjut all semblance of appropriate treatment of diseases was completely
lost, by a practice, introduced in the earliest times, and even made into a rule:
1 mean the mixture, in a prescription, of various medicinal substances, whose
real action was, almost without an exception, unknown, and which without
any one exception, invariably differed so much among each other. One
^
'M'^'^ (r^i^^^
f
I'^^fm
V
m -^"'^H
lu^^'
# ' -^
_.
Hry ^M^^^^M
r ■ ">
Dr. Carl Haubold.
medicine (the. sphere of whose medicinal eft'ects was unknown) was placed
forem.ost, as the principal remedy (basis), and was designed to subdue what
the physician deemed the chief character of the disease; to this was added
some other drug (equally unknown as regards the sphere of its medicinal
action) for the removal of some particular accessory symptom, or to strengthen
the action of the first (adjuvans) ; and besides these, yet another (likewise
unknown as to the sphere of its medicinal powers) a pretended corrective
remedy (corrigens) ; these were all mixed together (boiled, infused) — and
along with them, some medicinal syrup, or distilled medicinal water, also
with different properties, would be included in the formula, and it was sup-
posed that each of the ingredients of this mixture would perform, in the
32 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
diseased body, the part allotted to it by the prescriber's imagination, without
suffering itself to be disturbed or led astray by the other things mixed up
along with it; which, however, could not in reason be expected." ^
Pie then goes more fully into the absurdity of medicinal mixtures and
cites from medical writers to show that such a plan is ridiculous. Again he
says : " It was high time for the wise and benevolent Creator and Preserver
of mankind to put a stop to this abomination, to command a cessation of these
tortures, and to reveal a healing art the very opposite of this, which should
not waste the vital juices and powers by emetics, perennial scourings out of
the bowels, warm baths, diaphoretics, or salivation ; nor shed the life's blood,
nor torment and weaken with painful appliances ; nor, in place of curing pa-
Uv. Carl 1'". I'rinks.
tients suffering from diseases, render them incurable by the addition of vnew,
chronic, medicinal maladies, by means of the long continued use of wrong,
powerful medicines of unknown properties ; nor yoke the horse behind the
cart, by giving strong palliatives, according to the old favorite axiom, con-
traria contrariis curantiir; nor in short, in place of lending the patient aid,
to guide him in the way to death, as is done by the merciless routine practi-
tioner, but which on the contrary should spare the patient's strength as much
as possible, and should rapidly and mildly effect an unalloyed and perma-
nent cure, by means of the smallest doses of simple medicines well considered,
and selected according to their proved effects, by the only therapeutic law
conformable to nature, similia simUibiis curanhtr.
"It was high^time Pie should permit the discovery of howioeopathy.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 33
'" Bv observation, reflection, and experiment, I discovered that in oppo-
sition to the old allopathic method, the true, the proper, the best mode of
treatment, is contained in the maxim : To effect a mild, rapid, certain, and
permanent cure, choose, in every case of disease, a medicine which can itself
produce an affection similar to that sought to be cured.
" Hitherto no one has ever lmii:;lit this homoeopathic method of cure, no
one has practiced it. But if the truth is only to be found in this method, as
I can prove it to be, we might expect that, even though it remained unper-
ceived for thousands of years, distinct traces of it w^ould be discovered in
every age. And such is the fact."
Hahnemann devoted about sixty pages to quotations from the writings
of old physicians from Hippocrates to Sydenham, describing cures effected
according to the doctrine of similars. Each cure is plainly stated with a
reference in each case to the medical writer responsible for the statement.
The book itself is devoted to instructions in practical homoeopathy. Hahne-
mann never claimed to discover the law of similia, but he did claim that he
was the first person to make any practical demonstration of that law.
It is needless to say that the propositions advanced in the Organon
brought down upon the head of the reformer an avalanche of abuse. He
had raised his hand against the traditions of years and he was attacked by
the medical journals of the day. Books and pamphlets were fulminated
against him. The reviews were so virulent that even the better of Hahne-
mann's enemies condemned them. He v/as called a charlatan, a quack, an
ignoramus. In 1811 his son published a refutation, which it is believed Hahne-
mann himself wrote. All this storm of abuse he answered in no other way.
He gave his answer in a better way, in 181 1, when he presented to the w^orld
the first volume of " Materia Medica Pura."
But the grand impulse was strong within him. He felt that he must
find a wider platform from which to shout his glad tidings to sick and suf-
fering hinnanity, and in the year 181 1 he transferred his "Lares and Pe-
nates "" to his old jiome in Leipsic, the place he had first entered as an enthu-
siastic and scholarly lad of twenty. Since then — Vienna, Hermanstadt, Er-
langen, Dessau, Gommern, Dresden, Georgenthal, the wander-years, and after-
w"ards Tcrgau, with its literary results. Trials, malevolence, privation, and
false accusation, all had followed him like furies, and yet, impelled by a
strange force, the genius of right and justice, he had ever and steadily gone
on towards the future of whose brightness even yet he did not know.
That Hahnemann ever planned any means of promulgating a new med-
ical system for his own personal advantage, as his enemies ever asserted,
anyone conversant with his character must utterly discredit. He was all
through his long life the victim of circumstance, or, as some of his followers
claim, of a " Providence " that fashioned every event and from the seemingly
tangled threads in his web of life wrought the perfect picture ; and every
bitter trial of his life was but bringing better equipment for the glorious end.
It now became impressed upon Hahnem.ann's mind that he must teach
this doctrine of medicine publicly to men ; and he went to Leipsic and began
to lecture on the principles of homoeopathy. In December, 181 1, he inserted
a notice of his " Aledical Institute " in a journal of the city. But before he
was permitted to lecture he was compelled to defend a thesis before the fac-
ulty of medicine. This he did on June 26. 1812. Its title was " A Disserta-
tion on the Helleborism of the Ancients," and it was such a marvel of erudi-
^4
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
tion that no one attempted to dispute it. In its pages containing quotations
from the Hebrew, Latin, Greek, Arabic, Italian. French, English and Ger-
man there was evidence of profound knowledge. It seemed an echo from
the great libraries of Hermanstadt and Dresden.
Hahnemann now began lecturing Wednesday and Saturday afternoons
from 2 to 3 o'clock." The lectures were continued semi-annually during his
■entire stay at Leipsic, and soon attracted hearers from the medical and law
students and the younger of the Leipsic physicians. The fame of his learn-
ing and a desire to see the man who taught such medical " heresies " attracted
many to him. Soon from the audiences he gathered a circle of young men
under his direction who began to make provings on themselves. The result
was the *' Materia Medica Pura. " These faithful disciples lived near Hahne-
mann's house and were almost constantly with him. Each had his duty to
perform, and Hahnemann, after collect-
ing the symptoms, verified them, sub-
jecting them to the finest scrutiny and
with the most scrupulous exactitude an-
cdyzed them. The plants were collected,
the ]ireparations according to the for-
mula of the master were made, and
results noted. They who sat at the feet
of the teacher afterwards carried the
rew doctrine into many places. Fortu-
nately, the story has been told by some
among the number so that it is known
how the reformer lived at this time. He
was fully occupied with his lectures and
the reception of patients at his home.
He did not visit them at their houses.
l);n'l\ with his wife and daughters he
walked 'in one of the public gardens of
tl^e city. After the day's labor he was
accustomed to sit among his students in
the evening, and with the mug of "ghose"
at his side and the long German pipe in
his hand, he would tell his disciples of
the curious actions and ways of the older physicians at the sick bed, or relate
circumstances of his former life • and then he would become lost to the sur-
roundings, his pipe would go out, and one of liis daughters would at once be
called to relight it.
But persecution came. The students were accustomed to prescribe for
patients and Hahnemann's reception room was thronged daily ; both master
and student gave medicine. This practice was contrary to the law of that
time, and the apothecaries whose privileges w^ere supposed to be encroached
upon appealed to the courts against Hahnemann, and he was cited to appear.
He did so, and also addressed a letter to the authorities in which he argued
that he did not give compound prescriptions but only simple remedies in such
minute doses, and of whose pre])aration the apothecaries knew nothing, that
they could not put up these medicines ; that their exclusive right was only
to make up compound prescriptions and that homoeopathy did not compound
1>. C. A. 11. Alulilenbein.
iilSTURV OF HOAICEOPATHY 35
or dispense. He was soon notified that he would be fined twenty thalers for
every dispensation afterwards.
In 1820 a celebrated s^eneral, Prince von Schwartzenberg, who had been
a leader of the allied armies against Napoleon, applied to Hahnemann for
treatment, asking that he attend him at Vienna. Hahnemann replied that if
he wished his services he must come to Leipsic as he was too busy to go to
Vienna. So desirous was the prince to consult Hahnemann that he came to
Leipsic and established himself in a suburb of the city. His case was incur-
able, and he died about six months afterwards, of apoplexy. His death was
the cause of renewed attacks on Hahnemann, and the legal persecutions, that
during the treatment had been prevented bv the Saxon government on account
■of his illustrious patient, were resumed with redoubled vigor. Hahnemann's
students were arrested, fined, and even imprisoned. He himself was so per-
secuted that he must either give up practice or resume his journeying in
quest of another abiding place. Of a truth it may be said :
"His life was like a battle or a march,
And like the wind's blast, never resting, homeless.
He stormed across the war-convulsed earth."
Xot far from Leipsic was one of the many little principalities of which
at that time Germany was composed. It was the duchy of Anhalt-Coethen.
One of its notables, the Grand Duke Frederick, had heard of Hahnemann's
wonderful cures and was, besides, a lover of justice. He offered an asylum
to the persecuted old teacher, appointed him his privy physician with the title
of Hofrath, and by edict gave him permission to dispense and prescribe within
the limits of his kmgdom. Early in May, 1821, Hahnemann shook the dust
of inhospitable Leipsic from his feet and with his faithful students accom-
panying him on the road set out for Coethen.
It was a delightful place, nestled in the valley of a small river, and in
its quiet the master passed fifteen years of his eventful life. In a summer-
house at th.e end of a paved garden he studied and Avrote and meditated, for-
mulating, completing and perfecting his life work. His " Chronic Diseases "
was written at Coethen, the last four editions of Organon, and the last two
editions of " Materia Medica Pura."
The year 1829 was memorable because on August 10 Hahnemann cele-
brated the fiftieth anniversary of his graduation at Eriangen. His disciples
came to him, bringing gifts. The old savant's portrait was done in oil and
his bust v/as modelled. Stapf, his favorite pupil, had collected the fugitive
essays he had written, and brought the first copy from the printer as his
token. Albrecht, the Dresden friend and after-time biographer, delivered a
poem in his praise. Rummel presented the honorary diploma from his alma
mater. The scholarly Aluhlenbein made a Latin oration, giving a sketch of
his life and labors. The good duke and duchess remembered their beloved
physician. Afterwards there was a grand dinner. The disciples came from
all parts of the country, and those who could not come sent letters of amity.
This occasion resulted, in the formation of the German Central Homoeopathic
L'nion.
Soon afterward, however, a great sorrow came, and the wings of ashen
^ray were unfolded over the good housewife. For years she had devoted her-
self to the cares of life that her husband might be free to pursue his studies.
At the time of her illness Hahnemann also was ill, but he kept himself at her
36
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
bedside and comforted her. After her death their daughters continued tO'
care for the household, and there was Httle real change in its domestic life.
The cholera year of 1832 came, and although Hahnemann never had
seen a case of that character his knowledge of the effects of medicines upon
the system enabled him to suggest the remedies that would be found useful.
His opinion proved correct, because it was founded upon a law. Now the
years passed peacefully and happily ; the wanderer at last had a home. Homoe-
opathy was known and men of ability, physicians and laymen, journeyed
to the little village to hear the old sage talk and to learn more of the new
and rational method of healing. Coethen became the schoolhouse of homce-
opathv, from whence went willing disciples to carry the teachings to all parts
of the world.
Hahnemann always was a very industrious man ; he never was idle. He
proved about ninety medicines on himself; he wrote about seventy original
w^orks on chemistrv and medicine, some of them in several volumes ; he trans-
Hahnemann's Home in Coethen.
lated fifteen large medical and scientific works from the English, six from the
French, one from the Italian, and one from the Latin. These translations
were not alone on medicine, but on chemistry, agriculture and general Hter-
ature. Among them was " History of the Lives of Abelard and Heloise."
which was considered a remarkable' work from a literary standpoint. Besides
this was the labor of attending to a very large practice, a great part of which
was by letter. He was not only a physician, reformer and chemist, but he
was an accomplished classical scholar and critic, well versed in astronomy
and meteorology, and especially fond of geography. In the days at Coethen'
he was at seventy-five years interesting himself in the habits of spiders, still
studying chemistVy, and keeping himself by letter en rapport with his fol-
lowers in different parts of the world.
In stature Hahnemann was a small man. inclined to stoutness; his car-
riage was upright and his walk dignified ; his step was firm and all his motions-
active ; his forehead was very higli, arched, and bore the impress of thought.
In early life he wore a queue; later on he became bald on the top of his head^
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 37
and long locks of curling white hair fell over each temple. His eye was
particularly piercing and brilliant, as though a great soul looked out defiantly
upon the noisy world. He seldom smiled ; life had been too real for much
laughter, yet he enjoyed the pleasure of others, In early life he wore small
■clothes, knee breeches and shoes with buckles, and later on the long trousers ;
his coat was dark. In his home life a gaily figured dressing gown with long
skirts, wadded slippers and always a black velvet cap on his head, completed
his attire. In Paris it was said that he wore his hair in curl papers at night.
In food he was abstemious ; he vvas fond of sweets and preferred a sort
of sunple cake to bread. His vegetables were cabbage, new beans and spin-
ach. He usually took a nap after eating. Daily he took exercise in the open
air, and worked until late at night. His usual companion was a little pet
"dog that lay near his chair. Hahnemann had eleven children.
Friedrich Runime!, M. D.
In January, 1833, a fond wish of the great teacher was realized. A
homoeopathic hospital was formally opened at Leipsic. He visited it later
on and had the satisfaction of knowing that there w^as at least one institution
pledged to a fair trial of his doctrines. There were differences afterward
between the physicians and himself, but he continued his interest in the hos-
pital as long as he remained in Germany.
In 1835 this old man who had for some time thought that according to
the law of nature he might finish his pilgrimage at anv time, renewed his
lease upon life. He married a French lady of thirty-five vears, one Marie
]Melanie d'Hervilly Gohier, daughter of a painter who had been adopted by
38 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
a prominent Frenchman. She had heard of Hahnemann, and on visiting him
they were mutually attracted. He made a will giving his children most o£
his property, and on January 28, 1835, he married ; and on the first day of
Whitsuntide of the same year he departed from Coethen with his bride. His
children and grandchildren dined with them at Halle, and the doctor and his
wife went on to Pans. Madame Hahnemann was a woman of ability, an
artist and poetess, and she soon became also a physician. She was of good,
family and the life became a gay and busy one. They lived in style in a
fashionable part of the city. Soon Hahnemann, though it was supposed that
he intended to rest from his labors at Paris, was engaged in a larger and
more exacting practice than he ever before had, and contrary to the old
custom he now made visits, driving about in his carriage after the manner
of other city physicians. His clientage constantly increased, and although
he had given away most of his property on leaving Germany, it is said that
during the eight years of his life in Paris he earned 4,000,000 francs. The
French Homoeopathic Society honored him by making him their honorary
president, and his every birthday was made the occasion of a festival in his
honor. Many distinguished strangers called on and recognized him as the
founder of a new and successful school of medicine. His home life was
happy; he enjoyed the opera and public receptions, but he did no more liter-
ary work.
Death came at last to take away the great man, and calmly, trustingly,
uncomplainingly, although at the last he suffered much, he passed away early
in the morning of Sunday, July 2, 1843, gently whispering " I have not lived
in vam."
Previous to 181 1, the year in which Hahnemann established his school
in Leipsic, none but himself had practiced his system. But now with the
students from the university attending his lectures and becoming one by one
convinced of the truth of homoeopathy, they also began to practice quietly.
The first of them to embrace homoeopathy was Johann Ernst Stapf. who
studied the new system as early as 181 1, and in 1812 practiced with onlv the
remedies mentioned in the first volume of " Materia Medica Pura." Hart-
mann says that in 1814 Stapf was no longer living in Leipsic, but came occa-
sionally from Naumburg, where he was established, to visit his old friends.
He was the first pupil of Hahnemann and was very near and dear to him.
From '1812 to 1821 the lectures by Hahnemann were delivered semi-
annually on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons. These were attended by
both students and physicians. During this time Hahnemann was at work on
his "Materia Medica Pura."- The first volume had been published in 181 1;
the second and third were issued in 1816-17; the fourth in 1818; the fifth in
1819, and the sixth m 1821. This consisted of a record of the symptoms
resulting from various medicinal substances that had been proven upon them-
selves by a number of the young men who were attending Hahnemann's
lectures. These men had organized themselves into a Provers' Union, subject
to the control and advice of the master. The members were Stapf. Gross,
Hornburg, Franz, Wislicenus, Teuthorn, Herrmann. Reuckert, Langham-
mcr and Hartmann ; and by means of this devoted band homoeopathv was
introduced from the medical family of Hahnemann in Leipsic into the differ-
ent parts of Germany.
Johann Ernst Stapf was born September g. 1788. at Naumburg. He
was educated in the Nobility school of Naumburg and Leipzig Universitv-
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
39
He began to investigate as early as 1811 and was practicing homoeopathy at
Nainnburg as early as 1814. He was one of the stalwarts of German homce-
opathy.
Gnstav Wilhelm Gross, born at Kaltenborn near Juterbogk, September
6, 1794, went to Leipsic in 1814 and there became acquainted with Hahnemann
and his followers. He remained in Leipsic until 18 17, when, after taking his
degree, January 6, 1817, he established himself in practice as a homoeopathic
physician at Juterbogk, a small village between Leipsic and Berlin, near the
Saxon frontier. Like the others he was exposed to much obloquy, but became
one of- the most eminent of the German practitioners.
Christian Gottlob Hornburg, born at Chemnitz October 18. 1793, went
to Leipsic to study theology in 1813. He attended Hahnemann's lectures on
r-
Dr. Georg Aug. Benj. Scliueikert.
homoeopathy and decided to study medicine. He was one of those who prac-
ticed homoeopathy in Leipsic and became involved in the trials and fines that
overwhelmed the students of Hahnemann in 1819. It is said that his case
of medicines was taken from him by the authorities in November, 1819, and
was burned with considerable public formality in the Paulina (St. Paul's)
cemetery. His early death is said to have been due to bitter persecution by
.the relentless enemies of homoeopathy.
Karl Gottlob Franz, born at Plauen. May 8, 1795. went to Leipsic in
1814 and soon became assistant to Hahnemann. He remained in Leipsic
until 1825 and then went to \'ienna as physician to a lady of noble family,
who wished homoeopathic treatment.
40 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
W. E. Wislicenus introduced homoeopathy into Eisenach in the duchy of
Weimar, at an early date. He had been of the Leipsic coterie. It is said
that in 1821 he made trials of homoeopathy in the Garrison hospital at Berlin,
which was under control of the military surgeons. The results were favorable
to homoeopathy. The hospital doctors took away the journal in which he
had recorded the results of his experiments, to read, but in spite of his earnest
■entreaties for its return they would not bring it back.
Ernst Ferdinand Rueckert was born near Herrnhut, March 3, 1795.
He went to Leipsic m 1812, and v/as one of the first of Hahnemann's pupils.
From 1816 to 1817 he visited the Medico-Chirurgical Academy at Dresden.
He first settled at Grimma, but soon went to Mutchen and soon after again
changed location, going to Bernstadt in 1819. He practiced homoeopathy in
a number of other localities in Germany and was instrumental in spreading
i the new doctrine.
\ A distinguished follower of Hahnemann was Franz Hartmann, who was
\ born in Delitsch May 18, 1796, and who joined the disciples of the new
\ medical faith in 1814. After passing certain examinations and after some
persecution, he finally (1821) located at Zschopau as a practicing physician.
Although he covered vip his homoeopathic practice to a certain extent the
variations in his m.ethods and the brilliant cures he made caused remark and
tended to spread the new doctrine, . Frederick Flahnemann had also practiced
for a time in an erratic way in Wolkenstein, a neighboring town, and homoe-
opathv was not unknown in that vicinity. Hartmann removed to Leipsic in
1826.'
Previous to the opening of the Medical Institute by Hahnemann in Leipsic
in 1812, the storv of homoeopathy is embraced in the life of its founder.
F'rom 1812 to 1821 many enthusiastic students were being educated to become
future missionaries in disseminating the principles of the new school. Medi-
cines were being proven, and faith in their efficacy was made strbnger by ill-
founded and wanton persecution both of Hahnemann and his pupils. When
in 1821 the master gladly accepted the peaceful home at Coethen a new epoch
was begun in the history of homoeopathy. Previous to this Hahnemann had
exercised more or less control over his students, but now they were located
ia different towns and began to act independently. It was not long before
there were homoeopathic practitioners in many localities in Germany and
other countries. Hahnemann from Coethen advised his followers and many
physicians journeyed there to visit and learn from him.
In 1821 Dr. Stapf established at Leipsic a jounxal devoted to homoeopathy.
It was an octavo, issued three times a year, and was called " x\rchiv fur die
homoopathische Heilkunst " (Archives for Homoeopathic Healing). This
was the first magazine ever published in the interest of homoeopathy. On the
reverse of the title of each number is a quotation from Romeo and Juliet that
seems to prove that Shakespeare must have heard of the principle of similia :
"Tut. man, one fire burns out another's burning;
One pain is lessened by another's anguish,
Turn giddy and be holp by backward turning:
\ .One desperate grief cures with another's languish.
I Take thou some new infection to the eye,
And the rank poison of the old will die."
The provers and the disciples wrote for this journal and it soon became
}^ an established power for the promotion of the new doctrine.
li I STORY OF KOMCEOPATHY
41
At this period, aljout 1821, ( iross was practiciiii^ homoeopathy at Juterbogk.
Moritz Miiller and Carl Haubold were settled at Leipsic, where the veterinary
surgeon, Wilhelm L.ux, also was located. He had employed homoeopathy in
his practice since 1820, and to him the doctrine of isopathy is due. He argued
that every contagious disease carried in its own contagium the means of its
cure, and therefore as a remedy for anthrax he diluted up to the thirtieth
potency a drop of the blood from an animal afflicted with anthrax. He pre-
pared in the same way other pathological products and took for a motto
acqualia acqualibiis instead of similia similibns. In 1833 ^''^ published a small
pamphlet entitled " Isopathy of Contagia," and in 1837 another called " Zooiasis
or Homaopathy in its Application to the Diseases of Animals." The
opinions of Lvix have had a decided efifect upon homoeopathic practice.
Dr. Carl Georg Ch. Hartlaub.
In 1821 Drs. C. F. Trinks and Paul Wolf were located at Dresden. As
early as 18 19 one Dr. Gossner was practicing homoeopathy in Oberhollabrun
in Lower Austria, and Dr. Mussek in Seefeld, a neighboring town. In
Prague Dr. Marenzeller, military staff surgeon, and attending physician to
the Archduke John, was interested in homoeopathy.
In Vienna Professor S. Veith, as early as 181 7, had become interested in
the system through the army surgeon Krastiansky in Klattau. He and his
brother, who was a pastor of St. Stephen's, practiced homoeopathy for vears
in Vienna.
In 1823 Dr. Adam located in St. Petersburg, Russia. He. had met
Hahnemaiui in Germany and became a convert to his teaching. Within two
42
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
vears Dr. Stegeniann introduced homoeopathy into the provinces of the
Eastern sea. At Dorpat he induced the cHnical professor, Sahmen, to experi-
ment with homcDeopathic remedies, and in 1825 he pubHshed a work on the
subject. In 1827 M. Marcus at Moscow expressed a leaning toward homce-
opathv. A convert of the time was Dr. Bigel, physician to the wife of th»
Grand Duke Constantine in Warsaw. He had accompanied the duke to
Dresden and during a fierce medical controversy that was raging was led to
study Hahnemann's Organon. He became convinced of the truths contained
therein, and in 1825 published his "Justification of the New Curative Method
of Dr. Hahnemann named Homoeopathy." In 1829 he treated homoeopath-
icallv the inmates of a hospital in Warsaw for the children of soldiers. In
fact ]v introduced homoeopathy into Warsaw.
In 1 82 1 Baron Francis Roller . an
Austrian, had carried the Organon to
Naples and where a translation had
been made under the auspices of the
Royal Academy. In 1822 he had called
to him Dr. George Necker, who had
been a student of Hahnemann and who
was the first physician to practice
homncnpathy in Italy. In May, 1823,
lie opened a homoeopathic dispensary
for the poor in his own house in Naples.
It was not long before Drs. Francisco
Romani, Giuseppe Mauro and Cosmo
Maria de Horatiis became converts.
In 1821 Dr. Hans Christian Lund,
a medical practitioner of Copenhagen,
then fifty-six years old, adopted homoe-
opathy and introduced it in Denmark.
He translated into Danish many books
and pamphlets on the subject, and in
1833 published a weekly paper. It is
claimed that Lund was the means of
inducing Hans Burch Gram to investi-
gate the teachings of homoeopath} .
In 1822 Dr. George A. H. Muhlenbein, an eminent practitioner of medi-
cine in the duchy of Brunswick, became acquainted with the principles of
homaopathy by reading the "Materia Medica Pura," and he soon adopted it in
his practice that extended over the whole of Northern Germany. He was
born Octo1)er 24, 1764, at Konigslutter, and died at Schoeningcn Januarv 8,
1845.
Moritz Wilhelm Miiller, one of the bright lights of the allopathic pro-
fession in Germany, became a convert to homoeopathy in 1819. Hartmann
thus mentions bis conversion : " I remember very well that time in the year
1819 when Miiller sent his amanuensis to me with the request to lend him
for a short time my copy of the Organon to read through. Shaking my head.
I handed it to him with the remark that so celebrated a star of the first mag-
nitude in the allopathic firmanent would hardly accept homoeopathy with firm
faith. Rut as we are sometimes deceived in this life it was so in this case."
Miiller became one of the most aggressive of the homoeopathists and was for
Dr. Julius Scliwcikert.
lllS'lOm' ( )!•■ HOMG^OPATin' Vi
nmnv years a prominent factor in the advancement of hom(e*i])ath\- in (jer-
nian\-. llis home was m Leipsic.
Dr. Fischer of Brunn used homoeopathic remedies before 1825 in Eiben-
shutz, Saar and Rossitz, in Moravia. In Brunn he had two ^Hes, Steigen-
tisch, a merchant, and Albrecht, a government official. The former had gone
through a course of surgery and had performed medical service in the army.
He treated chronic cases and had many adherents, chiefly among the higher
classes. Albrecht was a correspondent of Hahnemann and devoted himself
to the preparation of homceopathic remedies. He also was successful as a
practitioner. He was not a physician but was closely identified with the his-
tory of homo-opathy. In 185 1 he published a biographical sketch of Hahne-
mann.
44 HISTORY OF HO M CEO PATH Y
CHAPTER HI
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW YORK.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Introductory Observations — Condition of Homoeopathy at the Time of Gram's Arrival
in America — He Settles in New York — His Practice and Followers — Homoeopathic
Medical Societies, State and Local — Hospitals and Charitable Institutions — The
Pioneers of Homoeopathy in New York.
At the end of the first quarter of the nineteenth century homceopathy in
Europe was in a satisfactory condition, increasing in popularity, and its exem-
plars were daily performing good works. Hahnemann at Coethen was busy
with his pen, his fertile brain evolving and sending forth into the world new-
principles for the guidance of his followers, encouraging them with sugges-
tion and advice ; and he was contented, his mind at peace with itself, and
he' with the world, and his personal comfort was equally assured. His
Organon had passed its third German edition, was translated into French and
his " Materia Medica Pura " in six volumes had been issued in its second edi-
tion. The school of medicine he had founded was then planted and firmly rooted
in nearly all the stronger European countries, but as yet the English speaking
people had not shown an inclination to accept the doctrine, or even to investi-
gate it, but had brushed it aside as a worthless invention put before a credu-
lous public for purposes of personal gain.
Such were the conditions with reference to the homoeopathic school of
medicine at the time of which we write, about the year 1825, when the whole
number of its practitioners probably numbered less than an hundred men, and
they equipped with not more than the limited knowledge acquired from the
study of such works as then were published on the subject. But out of this
comparative darkness there came a man of education and refinement, if not
of strong determination of character, and to him fell the lot of bearing the
gospel of homcieopathy across the Atlantic ocean to free America. There was
no unusual circumstance attending the voyage of Gram to America, nor did
he come for the especial purpose of proclaiming a new doctrine in medicine
to the people. Indeed, his purpose appears to have been quite to the contrary,
for then he possessed a competency, and his return to the land of his birth
was in the nature of a home-coming with its attending enjoyments in a wide
circle of friendships, which were his both then and afterward throughout the
period of his interesting life.
In the course of time Gram came to the city of New York, to visit with
relatives, and there was nothing then that indicated an inclination to take up
the practice of medicine until reverses of fortune compelled him to resume that
avocation as a means of livelihood ; and thus by force of circumstances —
necessity is a hard master — Hans Burch Gram became the pioneer of hon.oe-
opathy in America. Had misfortune overtaken him in Maine, where he hrst
landed, the pleasant distinction would have been accorded to the Pine Tree
rather than the Empire state.
HISTORY OF HO-MQ^OPATHY 45-
Gram stood alone in the practice of medicine according to the law of simi-
lars less than two years, and within the next ten years nine were gathered
together in tJie name of homoeopathy and organized themselves into that which,
they called the New York Homoeopathic Society, of which Gray was the
honored head, while its membership included the entire coterie of Hahne-
mannians — Strong, Baxter, Vanderburgh, Seymour, Lohse, Hull, Wilsey, Pat-
terson, Strong, Butler and Bock, physicians and believers but not all active
in the practice of medicine at that time.
Seven years later, 1841, the New York Homoeopathic Physicians Society
was organized in the city and admitted only medical practitioners to the benefit
of membership ; but its life was short and it passed out of existence in the
course of six or seven years. Just a little later New York city and the com-
monwealth was chiefly instrumental in organizing the American Institute of
Homoeopathy, the national society, whose province was then, as now, to safe-
guard the homoeopathic profession and practice against the wiles and schemes-
of those who would bring its principles and practice into ridicule and disre-
pute. The purpose of the institute was and is perfectly honorable ; its prin-
ciples are securely based in established truth, and its functions always have
been administered so as to elevate the profession and hold between it and all-
unworthy methods an impassable barrier.
Even before the organization of the institute the gospel of the school it
fostered and maintainecl had spread out into remote parts of the state, and
through its instrumentality societies were organized, many of them to continue
in life and usefulness to the present time, and a few to fall by the wavside
and pass into history in the ephemera of homoeopathy. In the state in 1852-
three hundred and one homoeopathic nractitioners were at work, and five years
later the number had increased to four hundred and fifty-three. In 1870 the
number was seven hundred and twenty-seven ; in 1880. nine hundred and
sixty-eight: in 1899 twelve hundred and three, and in .1904 twelve hundred and
six — more than a full regiment of professional soldiers, including manv offi-
cers, and in the ranks about one-sixth of the whole are those who abandoned
the allopathic and allied hosts to combat the ills of life under the standard
set up by Hahnemann something more than a centurv ago.
The old homoeopathic profession in New York did something more thaiT
organize societies for mutual benefit and protection ; something more tharr
merely work out the salvation and conversion of hundreds of medical practi-
tioners who were dissatisfied with the jharsh and arbitrary requirements of
the allopathic school, and something more than recruit its ranks with dis-
sentients from the eclectic school. The homoeopathic profession through well
directed effort made early and careful provision for the thorough education
of its representatives in the world of medicine, in the establishment of boards-
of examination to exercise censorship of the qualifications of practitioners
and others who aspired to the homoeopathic ranks. And as soon as the school
had become well grounded in the state an earnest effort was made to estab-
lish an institution of medical instruction. In this respect, however. Pennsvl-
vania preceded New York by several years, and through the endeavors of
Hering, Wesselhoeft, Detwiller and others, founded ,\llentown Academy, the
first institution of its kind in the world, and which ended its career after about
six years of indifferent success. It was followed in 1848 by the Homoeopathic
Medical College of Pennsylvania, with a seat of operation in Philadelphia.
However, in 1846 a petition was presented to the legislature of New Yorlc
46
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
praying for an act of incorporation of a homoeopathic medical college to be
located at Auburn, but the application was not favored by the legislative com-
mittee and the enterprise was compelled to be abandoned. It was not that
the legislature itself opposed the proposition to charter the college, but the
influence of the allopathic profession was strong enough to sway the legisla-
tive mind and accomplish the defeat of the measure. The effort was renewed
in 1853 under the influence of the state homoeopathic medical society, and
while more material progress was made at that time the project was again
abandoned, although provision was made in another way for the education
of those who sought to practice homoeopathic medicine. The first perma-
nent school of homoeopathic medical instruction in this state was founded in
i860, and from that time has been an
active factor in the history of the pro-
fession not only in New York, but
throughout America.
Such is a mere glance at homoeop-
athy in the state since Gram's advent
into its history in 1825. The retro-
spect has been brief, and little attention
has been given to the lives and works
of the pioneers or those who followed
him in the profession, that branch of
the subject being reserved for detailed
mention in later pages.
In the early history of homoeop-
athy in the state its votaries were fre-
quently subjected to indignity and in-
sult at the hands of their inconsiderate
brethren of the allopathic school, and
as the right to license physicians was
vested in that school through its socie-
ties and officers, the latter were never
slow in showing proper appreciation
of duty by refusing homoeopathic ap-
plicants license to practice, and if any
attempted so to do without the re-
quired authority, the offenders were
promptly brought to bar under
charges of malpractice or any other " trumped-up " complaints that would
best serve ihe ]iur]x)se of the dominant school and keep the homoeopath out
of the professional field.
As a matter of fact the first practitioners of homoeopathy in New York
city were subjected to persecution as well as prosecution by the opposing
school but the first open act of mean hostility was displayed in 1843, when
Drs. Hull and Wells applied for membership in the Kings County Medical
Society. The applications had been made in due form, all the requirements
had been complied with, their qualifications were unquestioned, for they were
thoroughly educated phvsicians, but thev were rejected because they were
houKcopatlis, and for no other reason. Wells accepted his rejection, but Hull,
of more determined character, brought the matter into court, and after the
suit had been dragged along through sixteen years of tedious routine, it was
Hans Burch Gram, M. D.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 47
finally decided in his favor. Then the society with much condescension offered
him a seat in its councils, but with his characteristic determination he coldly
declined the honor.
These incidents of persecution and petty annoyance of homceopathic
practitioners by the narrow partisans of allopathy are only a few of the hun-
dreds of similar proceedings indulged in ; and while they served the purpose
of a temporary expedient, they accomplished no good results for their own
profession, and only served to draw more closely together those who were the
victims of their venomous attacks, and at the same time aroused public sen-
timent in sympathy with the persecuted school.
As the law stood in 1844 all physicians not members of the county so-
ciety, or who had not the diploma of an incorporated medical college, were
presumed to be practicing without license, and therefore liable to prosecu-
tion and punishment ; and under the provisions of the law then on the statute
books the allopaths enjoyed a rich harvest* of persecution by refusing mem-
bership to homoeopathic applicants and then prosecuting them for unlawfully
practicing medicine. This period of oppression continued until along about
1855, when the legislature first showed a disposition to recognize the right of
the homoeopath to live and move and have his being. During the next year
an act passed the senate to authorize the incorporation of homoeopathic so-
cieties, but for some reason the bill "hung fire" in the lower house and failed
to pass. In the next year, however, the act was revived, passed both branches
of the legislature, and was approved by the governor, April 13. 1857.
This act always has been referred to as that "legalizing" homoeopathy
in the state of New York, which is a misnomer, and presupposes at some
time in the history of homoeopathy in the state that its practice was illegal,
which never was the case. However this may have been, the legalizing act
was secured largely through the influence of the Homoeopathic Medical So-
ciety of Northern New York. Since that time the state has given reasonably
fair treatment to the claims of the homoeopathic school, although no favors
ever have been asked, and under the laws now in force the regents of the
university have supervision of the regulations and requirements of admission
to practice medicine ; and under established provisions homoeopathy stands on
just the same footing as the allopathic school, with an equal standard of
efficiency and proficiency in its disciples.
But notwithstanding the so-called legalizing act of 1857, homoeopathy
was frequentlv afterward the target for allopathic shafts, and the spirit of
venom and malice was not at any time more strikingly shown than just be-
fore and during the war of 1861-1865. In treating of the incidents of this
period free use is made of the writings of contemporary historians. Says one
of them: In 1861 Dr. T. D. Stow endeavored to procure a surgeoncy in a
regiment of volunteers. He made application in due form and fvilfilled all
the requirements of the law, but was rejected because he was a homoeopath.
At the beginning of the war the homoeopaths made strenuous efforts to
he admitted as army surgeons and to the army hospitals ; many of the men
in the regiments preferred homoeopathic treatment, but were denied it. Much
was published at the time on the subject, and detailed accounts are to be found
"in the "Transactions" of the New York State Homoeopathic Medical Society.
This society took a decided stand for the introduction of homoeopathy in
tlie army, claiming it as a right, but that right was challenged and refused
b}' the allopathic authorities who were in power. But the most conspicuous
48 • HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
attempt to crush homceopathy, and which excited the indignation of the entire
country, was the contemptible action of Van Arman, an official of the pensions
department, who made the wonderful discovery in 1870 that Dr. Spooner, a
homoeopathic physician at Oneida, New York, was also pension surgeon and
examiner; and for this offense against the allopathic sense of fitness Spooner
was deposed. But homceopathy refused to submit tamely to this gratuitous
insult and promptly applied itself at the doors of the proper authorities in
Washington, and with such vigor and energy that the over-hasty official was
given an opportunity to resign. Soon afterward both houses of congress
passed an act providing that all appointments to medical service under the
government should be open to all graduates of legally chartered institutions,
W'ithout reference to preferred theories of treatment.
NEW YORK HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY
The first gathering of physicians for the purpose of forming a homoe-
opathic medical society in New York state was held at the common council
room in the city hall in Albany, ]\Iay 15, 1850. The organization then per-
fected was called Academy of ]\Iedicine of the State of New York. At the-
first annual meeting held in Albany, February 19, 1851, the name was changed
to Homoeopathic Medical Societv of the State of New York. It was com-
posed of individual members and was not a representative body. The meet-
ing was called to order by Dr. John F. Gray of New York city. Dr. D. Chase
of Palmyra was. chosen president, and Dr. H. D. Paine of Albany, secretary.
The following regular officers were then elected : President, J. M. Ward,
Albany ; vice-presidents, D. Chase, Palmyra, R. S. Bryan, Troy, A. S. Ball,.
New York ; secretary, H. D. Paine, Albany. The society held annual meet-
ings at different places until 1859. after which for two years there were no
meetings. A general feeling existed among the homoeopathic physicians of
the state that a new society should be organized as a thoroughly representa-
tive bod)% consisting of delegates from the various county and other societies
in the state, and pursuant to a call by the members of the Homoeopathic Medi-
cal Society of Oneida County, a meeting was held at Albany, February 28,
1861, composed mostly of such delegates. Dr. H. D. Paine, who was still
secretary of the old society, called the meeting to order. Dr. L. B. Wells
was chosen chairman, and H. M. Smith and H. M. Paine, secretaries. The
following officers were then elected : President, A. E. Potter, Oswego ; vice-
presidents, S. A. Cook, Troy, A. R. Wright, Buffalo, C. Ormes, Panama ;
secretary, H. M. Paine, Clinton ; treasurer, J. W. Cox, Albany ; censors, from
eight districts, Drs. T. Franklin Smith, H. Beaklev, W. S. Searle, B. F. Cor-
nell, W. H. Watson, J. R. White, C. W. Boyce and A. S. Couch. An act of
incorporation was procured April 17, 1862, and at a meeting held in Albany,
May 6, 1862, it w-as decided to proceed as if the society had not before existed.
At this meeting the following officers were ' elected : President, Jacob Beak-
ley. New York ; vice-presidents, A. R. Wright, Buffalo, F. A. Munger, Wa-
terville, W. S. Searle, Troy; secretary, H. M. Paine, Clinton; treasurer, L. B.
Wells, Utica. This society is still in active existence, and meets annually
in February at Albany, and semi-annually in various cities in September.
Members in 1903, 494. It lias published transactions, addresses, etc., from the
time of organization. The volumes from 1863 (Vol. I.) have been issued at
the expense of the state. Yo\s. I to XI are large octavo of from 200 to i.2CK>
pages. From 1874 the volumes have been bound in iiaper. The series of
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 49
transactions were largely compiled by Dr. H. M. Paine, who has been called
the '•Homoeopathic Organizer." They are rich in history, biography and sta-
tistics of the growth of American homoeopathy. The fiftieth anniversary ol
the society was celebrated in Brooklyn, October 3-5, 1900.
The Homoeopathic Society of Central New York, a branch of the Ameri-
can Institute of Ilomoeopath}', had its origin in an informal meeting held in-
Syracuse, September 13, 1849. ^^^ the purpose of promoting the interests of
homoeopathy. Dr. A. L. Kellogg of Bridgewater was appointed chairman,,
and Dr. Augustus Pool of Oswego, secretary. The following committee of
correspondence Was appointed to perfect a plan of organization: S. W. Stew-
art and Fred Humphreys of Utica, and E. A. Munger of Waterville. This
committee called a meeting at the National hotel in Utica, January 16, 1850,
at which time the society was regularly organized and the following officers
were chosen : President, A. L. Kellogg, Bridgewater ; vice-president, L. B.
Wells, Pompey ; corresponding secretary, Fred Humphreys, Utica : record-
ing secretary, E. A. Munger, Waterville : censors, S. W. Stewart, F. Hum-
phreys, H. R. Foote, Leveritt Bishop, J. C. Raymond, yiet semi-annually and
annually in January. The society was continued but a few years. The "^lin-
utes" were published in 1850. The society made an exhaustive proving of
the apis mellific?.. which was published in pamphlet form.
The Central New York Homoeopathic Medical Society was the out-
growth of a convention of homoeopathic physicians of the counties of Broome,.
Cayuga, Cortland, Jefferson, Madison, Ontario, Oneida, Onondaga, Oswego,.
Seneca and Wayne, held at Syracuse May i, 1866. Officers elected: Presi-
dent, Lyman Clary, Syracuse ; vice-president, E. A. Potter, Oswego ; secre-
tary, E. R. Heath, Palmyra. It is still in active existence. At first it met
quarterly in September, December and March, the annual meeting being irr
June. It still meets in Rochester and Syracuse, but the annual meeting is
held in September in the latter city. Members in 1903, 40. Transactions
have been published irregularly.
The Flomoeopathic Medical Academy of the State of New York, includes
in its membership physicians of Yates, Ontario and Steuben and neighboring
counties. It was organized at Penn Yan, January i, 1853, under the law of
1848. First officers: President, Geo. W. Malin. Jerusalem: vice-president,
Richard Huson, Dundee: secretary, Samuel K. Huson, Dundee: treasurer, O.
W. Noble, Penn Yan. The academy met quarterlv in April, July and Octo--
ber at different places. The annual meeting was held in January.
The Homoeopathic Medical Societv of Northern New York was organ-
ized at Fort Ann, Washington county, October 16, 1852. Seven homoeopathic
physicians residing in \\'ashington and Saratoga counties had formed an as-
sociation called the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the Counties of A\'ashing-
ton and Saratoga, of which the society here considered is the outgrowth. The
follow^ing officers were chosen at that meeting : President, B. F. Cornell,
Mcreau Station ; vice-president, E. B. Cole, Easton : secretarv, S. G. Perkins,
Waterford : treasurer, W. G. Walcott, Whitehall : censors, Z. Clements, Vic-
tory Mills, D. J. Easton, Saratoea Springs, W. G. Walcott, Whitehall. Met
semi-annually. Migratorv. Additions from the counties of Rensselaer.
Schenectady and Warren greatlv enlarged the society, and it was decided to
call it the Homoeopathic ^ledical Society of Northern New York. It was in-
corporated in 1857. To this society belongs the honor of orip-inating the
movement to secure legal rights for the homoeopathic societies of New York
50 • HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
state. At a meeting in 1856 a committee was appointed to memorialize the leg-
islature to that effect, and a bill was passed April 13, 1857. In July, 1859, ^
committee of correspondence was appointed to urge the organization of county
medical societies and to elect delegates to the meeting of the state society. A
circular was to have been issued, but in the meantime the Oneida County
Homoeopathic Society had issued such a document without knowledge of the
action of the northern society. Although the Oneida county members took
the active part at a meeting of the state society on February 10, 1863, due
credit was given to the initiative work of the northern society. It met an-
nually in January, and was discontinued some years ago.
The Southern Tier Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at El-
mira. January 20. 1874. First ofificers : President, Henry Sayles, Elmira;
A'ice-president, W. S. Purdy, Corning ; secretary and treasurer, W. J. Bryan,
Corning; incorporated April 16, 1878; published for a short time a journal
"The Regular- Physician," Dr. A. P. Hollett, editor; no transactions; stilly
existent. The annual meeting is held at Corning in January ; quarterly meet-
ings in April, July and October in different places. Members in 1903, 21.
The Western New York Homoeopathic Society was organized at Water-
loo, Seneca county, in 1845, '^"d meetings were provided to be held at the call
of the secretary. The first officers were C. D. Williams of Geneva, president;
H. H. Cator of Syracuse, vice-president ; A. Chiids of Waterloo, secretary.
The society published its proceedings in 1852, at which time, and indeed from
the year of its organization, it occupied a position of prominence in homoe-
opathic medical circles in Western New York and enjoyed the honor of hav-
ing taken the first steps toward the establishment of a homoeopathic medi-
cal college in New York state. The undertaking failed of success, however,
but the amJjition of its promoters is worthy of commendation and special men-
tion. The society became decadent in the course of a few years, but was re-~
vived at a meeting held in Buffalo, February 28, 1852, and then took the name
of "Flomoeopathic Association of Western New York and Branch of the Ameri-
can Institute of Homoeopathy." The first officers after the reorganization
were A. W. Grav, president ; I. J. ]\leacham, D. A. Baldwin, C. C. Crossfield,
L. N. Kenyon, f . C. Schell, S. Z. Haven, F. Ehrman, W. H. Bell, A. Chiids
and C. Parker, vice-presidents ; J. L. Gage, secretary ; J. F. Baker, treasurer.
The society continued in existence only a few years after the reorganization,
but during its brief career was an instrument of much good in the homoe-
opathic profession in Western New York.
The Western New York Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized
at the Tifft house, Buffalo, April 10, 1885. First officers: President, L. M.
Kenyon, Buffalo; vice-presidents, J. F. Baker, Batavia, W. B. Gifford, At-
tica ; recording secretary, jos. T. Cook, Buffalo ; treasurer, E. P. Hussev, Buf-
falo; censors, \'\. R. Wright, V. D. ( )rmes, S. W. Hurd, J. D. Zwetsch.' A. M.
Curtis. Quarterly meetings are held in dift'erent places in July, October and
January. The annual meeting is held in April in Buffalo and Rochester,
alternately. Members in it)03, \(yo. The society celebrated its first anniver-
sarv with a banquet on Hahnemann's birthda>', in union with the Monroe
County Homoeopathic Medical Society.
The INTedico-Chirurgical Society of Central New York was organized in
1896, and is not incorporated. It m.eets annually in Syracuse in June, and
semi-annually in different ])laces in December. Membership in 1903, y2.
HISTORY OF HOMa:OPATHY
51
The Hudson River Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at
Poughkeepsie in 1874.
The count}' medical societies of the state, with year of organization, are
as follows: Albany county, January, i860; Allegheny, July 10, 1883;
Broome, 1863; Cayuga, February 16, i860; Chautauqua and Cattaraugas,
1863; Chenuing. including Steuben and Schuyler, February 5, 1861 ; Chenango,
September 27, 1871 ; Columbia and Greene, October i, 1861 ; Dutchess, No-
vember 27, 1861 ; Erie, December 14, 1859; Kings, November 12, 1857; Liv-
ingston, December i, 1857; Madison, January 4, 1865; Monroe, January 2,
1866; Montgomery (including Fulton), February 4, 1869; New York, Aug-
ust 13, 1857; Niagara and Orleans, October 3, 1871 ; Oneida. October 20,
1857; Onondaga, 1862; Ontario and Yates, 1862; Orange, February 28, 1852;
Oswego, January 23, 1S61 ; Otsego, June 20. i860; Queens, June, 1873;
Rensselaer, June 9, 1859; Saratoga, 1863: Schuyler, 1850; Seneca, Septem-
ber 26, 1872; Steuben, May 25, 1867; St. Lawrence, October 4, 1871 ; Tioga,
-Mam Entrance ]\Iiddleto\vn State liomceopathic Hospital.
July 29, 1870; Tompkins. Cortland -and Tioga, September 25, 1874; Ulster,
May 10, 1865; Washington and Warren, October 16, 1852; Wayne, February
9, 1864; Westchester, February i, 1865.
In the establishment of institutions of charitable and benevolent charac-
ter homoeopathy secured an early foothold and worked with commendable
zeal until the school became well represented in all the larger municipalities
of the state ; but among the several early endeavors at founding institutions
that which led to the ultimate establishment of a state hospital for insane
patients is of first importance.
MIDDLETOWN STATE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL
This institution was originally founded in pursuance of an act of the
legislature passed April 28, 1870, establishing at Middletown, in Orange
county, ^ a state lunatic asylum for "the care and treatment of the insane and
the inebriate upon the principles of medicine known as homoeopathic." The
movement, however, which led to the ultimate establishment of the hospital
had its inception in the address of John Stanton Gould before the State Homoe-
52 HISTORY OF HOAKEOPATHY
opathic Medical Society at its session in Albany in February, 1866. The sub-
ject of the orator's discourse was "The Relation of Insanity to Bodily Dis-
ease," and in the course of his remarks attention was called to the necessity
of a riiCW state asylum for lunatics in the southern tier counties of the state,
and claimed as a matter of justice that when organized the institution should
be placed under the homoeopathic school of medicine.
This seems to have been the crystallizing point of the earnest desire of
the homoeopathic profession throughout the state, for at the next meeting
of the state society in February, 1867, a resolution was offered by Dr. Paine
of Albany to the effect that "Whereas, a bill authorizing the erection of a new
lunatic asylum is now pending before the legislature," therefore a committee
should be appointed to prepare a memorial asking "for such action as shall
place said institution under the care of the homoeopathic school."
But notwithstanding the laudable efforts of the advocates of the enter-
prise and their apparent zeal for its consummation, nothing was accomplished
until some years afterward. In the meantime, however, Dr. Hilon Doty had
come forward with a proposition to turn over his private asylum, "Margaretts-
ville Retreat for the Insane," to a board of trustees or managers of an incor-
porated institution under homoeopathic control, and while an act of incorpora-
tion was secured in 1869 through the influence of the state medical society,
nothing was done until December of that year, when Dr. George E. Foote of
Middletown presented to the homoeopathic profession a plan to establish an
insane asylum, founded by subscription and endowment, and organized as a
close corporation. This proposition met Avith favor, and sufficient subscrip-
tions were received to insure success, but it soon became necessary to give
the institution a more public character and to enlist state support. Accord-
ingly, it was planned to make it a state asylum ; the time was deemed ripe
for such a movement, and the governor in his last message had pointed out
the need of better and more accommodations for the insane charges upon
the public bounty. The friends of the movement were quick to see their
opportunity and threw themselves earnestly into the work, leaving no stone-
unturned until their desires were gratified in the passage of an act, April 28,
1870, establishing a state lunatic asylum at Middletown under homoeopathic
management. It was not the first homoeopathic asylum in the world, as has
been asserted, but was the first of its kind in America under purely homoe-
opathic management. It was formally opened for patients. April 20, 1874.
The name was changed in conformity to the provisions of an act of the legis-
lature, and then became known as Middletown State Homoeopathic Hospital.
The Gowanda State Homoeopathic Hospital had its ince|)tion in a reso-
lution of the board of supervisors of Erie county, passed in t888 in pursuance
of an act of the legislature authorizing the erection and maintenance of a
county homoeopathic insane asylum. Under the original authorization the
necessary preliminary steps were taken, but after a few years the question
of state ownership and support was discussed with much earnestness, with
result in 1894 of such action on the part of the state as vested the ownership
of the institution and its property in the commonwealth, and created what
then was known as the Collins State Homoeopathic Hospital.
This result, however, was not accomplished without determined action on
the part of the homoeopathic profession ?nd particularly of its state and
Western New York medical societies. The first trustees, now designated'
as managers, comprised Dr. William Tod Hclmuth. president; Fred J. Black-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 53
man, secretary; and Dr. Asa S. Couch. This board was continued until 1897,
when it was increased to seven members, constituted as follows : William
Tod Helmuth of New York city, president ; Dr. Asa S. Couch, of Fredonia,
secretary; Fred J. Blackman of Gowanda, treasurer; Dr. Sidney F. Wilcox
•of New York city ; G. W. Seymour of Westfield ; F. D. Ormes of Jamestown ;
and Dr. E. H. Walcott of Rochester. In 1899, by an act of the legislature,
the name was changed to Gowanda State Homoeopathic Hospital. The insti-
tution was opened for patients August i, 1898. The present managers are
Dr. Eugene H. Porter of New York city, Fred J. Blackman of Gowanda,
Frank W. Crandall of Westfield,. Edwin H. Walcott of Rochester, and Erwin
C. Fisher of Gowanda. Superintendent, Dr. D. H. Arthur.
The Brooklyn Homoeopathic Hospital resulted from the enlargement and
modification of the old Brooklyn Homoeopathic Dispensary, which was in-
corporated in December, 1852, and opened for patients in January of the fol-
lowing year. This splendid charity was founded by Edward Dunham, father
■of Dr. Carroll Dunham, and was organized with seven trustees. In 1871 a
Main Building IMiddletown State Homoeopathic Hospital.
special act of the legislature changed the name to the Brooklyn Homoeopathic
Hospital, and authorized its trustees to buy, sell, lease or encumber real
estate for the purposes of the corporation in estabhshing and maintaining the
hospital. At the time the state appropriated $10,000 for the hospital, and
a charity ball held at the Academy of Music in Brooklyn netted the trustees
.$3,000 more. In December, 1871, the trustees purchased the premises and
building formerly the property of the Brooklyn Orphan Asylum, made sev-
eral important alterations, and formally opened it as their own hospital home
on February 13, 1873; but such additions have been made in later years that
the building bears little resemblance to its original self. The nurses' school
in connection with the hospital was opened in 1878. In 1901 the hospital and
property passed under the ownership of the citv of New York.
The Children's Hospital of the Five Points House of Industr}^ was estab-
lished under that name in 1886, yet its history dates to the year 1861, when
old Dr. Joslin, of honored memory, was asked to give homoeopathic treatment
to the sick children of the old house of industry. The hospital was the natural
54 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
and gradual outgrowth of the older institution and the building for its occu-
pancy was erected in 1886, the corrier stone being laid in August of that year,
while the formal opening was held in April, 1887. Since Dr. Joslin's time this
institution has been conducted under homcEopathic management.
The Woman's Infirmary Association of Washington Heights was organ-
ized mainly thrdugh the efforts of the late Dr. J. W. Mitchell. It was incor-
porated in October, 1863, opened May 19, 1864, and in 1868 was removed from
its former location to the comer of Sixth avenue and West Forty-eighth
street. In 1869 this charity was merged in the woman's department of Hahne-
mann Hospital.
The Albany City Homoeopathic Hospital was incorporated April 9, 1868,
as the Albany Homoeopathic Dispensary, although a previous organization
had been in existence since 1867. A new incorporation was effected October
30, 1872, at which time the institution took its present name. The first meet-
ing of trustees was held November 6, 1872. The dispensary and hospital
occupied the same building and were under the same management, although
in a sense distinct organizations, but in May, 1875, they were imited by act
of the legislature under the name of Albany City Hospital and Dispensary.
The institution always has been under homoeopathic control, and is supported
bv citv appropriations, individual contributions and revenues derived from
private patients.
Hahnemann Hospital, New Y''ork city, is one of the noblest institutions
of homoeopath}^ in America, and also is one of the most extensive of its kind
in the world. The original hospital association was formed September 7,
1869, and on the evening of December 14 following a large meeting was held
in the Union League Club theatre to inaugurate a movement to establish a
homoeopathic hospital in the city. Dr. John F. Gray, one of the oldest and
best representatives of his school in the city, was chairman of the meeting,
and under his inspiration much enthusiasm was shown in the proceedings, and
the movement w'hich before had been one of discussion only at once took
more definite form. A building was secured at 307 East Fifty-fifth street,
and a hospital capable of accommodating fifteen patients was opened in Jan-
uary, 1870, there being one ward for men and one for women. Dr. F. Seeger
was the first medical director.
The Ladies' Aid Society of the Hahnemann Hospital was organized in
December, 1869, and at once took measures to raise funds for the hospital.
The state, through the legislature, gave material aid to the association in the
way of property rights to the value of from $70,000 to $80,000, and also gave
through the charity appropriation bill $20,000 ; the city of New York appro-
priated $10,000. In 1871 the trustees of the New York Homoeopathic Medi-
cal College dispensary held a meeting to establish in connection with the col-
lege a surgical hospital for clinical purposes. In this project, too, the ladies
became interested and undertook to raise funds for a building by a fair held
in the spring of 1872, from which enterprise they realized the net sum of $35>-
000. With this fund the trustees purchased the property at 26 Gramercr
park, but owing to opposition from adjoining owners the site was abandoned
for another at Thirty-seventh street and Lexington avenue.
At this time there existed in New York three distinct hospital organiza-
tions, all under the patronage of homoeopathv and its' friends. These were the
Hahnemann Hospital, the New York Homoeopathic Surijical Hospital and
the New Y'ork Homoeopathic Hospital for Women and Children. After con-
HISTORY UF IKjMCKUi'ATHY
55
siderablc discussion these institutions were mer.qed and consolidated under
one organization in pursuance of an act of tlie legislature passed March 20,
1875. ^'1^ "<-'^\' corporation at once set vigorously about the task of provid-
ing a hospital liome ; the ladies association held another fair, and presented
the trustees the neat sum of $25,000; the sum of $3,000 was acquired from
other sources, and $15,000 was alread\- in the treasury; the city gave the
land at Fourth avenue and 67th and 68th streets, and on that site the erec-
tion of a hospital was begun, the corner stone being laid ( )ctober 25, 1876.
The hospital was formally opened October 31, 1878, and since that time has
been one of the most useful charities of the cit\.
The Brooklyn Maternity Hospital was organized under charter of lan-
uary 24, 1871, as the Brooklyn Homoeopathic Lying-in Asvlum, and its ob-
ject was to furnish patients exclusive honKeopathic treatment and care dur-
ing confinement. In March, 1873. a children's nursery was established in
connection with the hospital, and in October of the same year a training school
.Metroi)()liian Hospital, Blackwell's Island.
for nurses was organized, being tlie first school for the exclusive and thor-
ough training of nurses in this coimtry. It was then known as the New York
State School for Training Nurses. In 1873 '^'1*-' nanK' of the hospital was
changed from Brooklyn Homceopathic Lying-in Asvlum to Brooklyn Mater-
nity Hospital, as since and now known.
The Brooklyn Nursery and Infant's Hospital was incorporated and organ-
ized August 7, 1871, as the Flatbush Industrial School and Nurserv. The
present name was adopted Februarv 15. 1872. The institution is managed
under houKieopathic supervision, and is supported by city appropriations and
donations from private sources.
The rUiftalo Homceopathic Hospital dates its historv from the year 1872,
when a])plication was made to the trustees of the Buffalo General Hospital
for a ward to be set a])art for such patients as preferred homoeopathic treat-
ment; and while it was proposed from the outset that the expense of the
separate ward should bo borne b>- friends and j^atrons of homoeopathy, the
i>^ HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
application was refused on the ground that the charter of the institution pro-
hibited practice there of any other than representatives of the allopathic
school. This refusal may have been justifiable under the strict construction
of the terms of the charter, but it had the effect to stimulate action on the
part of friends of homoeopathy in the matter of establishing in the city a hos-
pital which should be entirely imder homoeopathic control. For that purpose
an organization was perfected in August, 1872, in pursuance of an act of
incorporation passed June 25 previously. Lands were at once secured, funds
Avere raised, and in October of the same year the first homoeopathic hospital
in Buffalo was formally opened. After two years the original property was
sold and a new and more desirable site was secured. The nurses' home and
nurses' school were established in 1887. The hospital with its auxiliary build-
ings and associations is one of the most praiseworthy charitable institutions of
the city, and in the public estimation occupies a position of importance. It
has been the beneficiary of several notable donations, and the entertainments
in its behalf have always attracted the favor of the substantial element of the
community.
The Metroi:iolitan Hospital on Blackwell's Island dates its history from
the year 1894, and is the outgrowth of the older institution known in history
as the New York Charity Hospital on Ward's Island. The latter institution
was the result of a movement which originated as far back as 1857, when
the homoeopathic profession in New York was making an earnest and honest
endeavor to introduce its treatment in some of the great charities of the city.
The efforts then made were well directed but the petition presented to the
authorities seems to have fallen into the hands of the old allopathic enemy,
as the majority report of a select committee declared "that it would be both
imwise and inexpedient to change the medical government of Bellevue Hos-
pital, or place any portion of it in charge of a board of homoeopathic practi-
tioners for the purpose of experimenting with that system of practice upon
its inmates." The minority member of the same committee also made a re-
port, but liis declarations availed nothing against those of the majority.
Allhough the adverse report of the commissioners had not a disheartening ef-
fect upon the hopes of the homoeopathic profession and its friends in the city,
there was no further well organized attempt to introduce homoeopathy into
the public charitable institutions until the winter of 1874-5, when the sub-
ject of homoeopathic success in general was being discussed in one of the
leading clubs by several men of prominence in professional and official circles.
A narrative of the events of the occasion are not deemed important here, but
the consensus of opinion inclined to the belief that the homoeopathic profes-
sion was entitled to representation in the great charitable institutions of the
city ; and out of the opinions then well voiced there grew a petition which was
so strongly reinforced with names of representative men that the commis-
sioners of charities could not turn a deaf ear to its presentations, for it asked
only the recognition of a right, and not a favor. The county homoeopathic
society also took an active part in the movement, and as its result, on August
7. T875. the commissioners agreed that a part of the old inebriate asylum
on \\'ard's Island should be set apart for a hospital to be under the charge
of homoeopathic physicians, subject to such rules as the charities department
might establish. A homoeopathic medical board was created and held its first
meeting September 4, 1875, at the residence of Dr. W. H. White, electing
at that time these officers : Dr. Egbert Guernsey, president ; W. Hanford
JIIS'I()RV OF IK ).M(T:0]\\TTIY 57
White, vice-president ; A. K. Hills, secretary. Dr. Selden H. Talcott was
appointed chief-of-staff of the new hospital, and the first house staff comprised
Drs. Duncan, Macfarlan, Madden, Sullivan and Nichols. On September 21
the New York State Homoeopathic Medical Society visited the hospital, and
on October 15 the institution was formally opened for the reception of patients.
On March 26, 1894, the Homceopathic Hospital on Ward's Island ceased
to exist, and on that date the patients from the homoeopathic hospital were
transferred to Blackwell's Island, where the Metropolitan Hospital was estab-
hshed. Like its predecessor, it is under the care of the board of charities, but
is in charge of homoeopathic practitioners, and one of the most useful aux-
iliaries of the medical colleges of the greater city.
The New York Homoeopathic Surgical Hospital was one of the three
institutions that eventually merged to form the Hahnemann Hospital. It
Avas opened at Fifty-fourth street and Broadway under the auspices of the
Ladies' Aid Society, June 4, 1875; the first patient was received June 18, 1875.
The Memorial Hospital for Women and Children was incorporated and
organized in 1883 as the Brooklyn Women's Homoeopathic Hospital and Dis-
pensary, but later on the name was changed to that which heads this brief
sketch. This is one of the splendid charities for which the city of Brooklyn
is famous. It is supported by private contributions, private patients, and the
earnings of the nurses' departlnent. The institution in all its departments is
managed by women alone.
The Isabella Helmuth HosjMtal for the care and treatment of chronic
invalids was founded in New York city in 1889.
The Laura Franklin Free Hospital for Children, for several years one
of the notable charities of New York city, was founded largely through the
personal influence of the late Dr. Timothy Field Allen, the great homoe-
opathic organizer and builder up of institutions. The hospital, however, was
built by Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Delano as a memorial of their daughter. It
was opened under homoeopathic- supervision, November 9. 1886. and is located
on One Hundred and Eleventh street between Fifth and Madison avenues.
The House of the Good Samaritan Deaconesses at Thirty-eighth street
and Seventh avenue. New York city, an institution of the ^Methodist Episcopal
church, and under homoeopathic medical supervision, was opened January 3,
1887. as an adjunct of the western dispensary. In 1889 it was united with
Hahnemann Hospital.
The Rochester Homoeopathic Hospital, one of the best institutions of its
character in the state, is the outgrowth of a meeting of the Monroe County
Homoeopathic Medical Society held at Rochester in the spring of 1886. At
that time the desirability of establishing a homceopathic hospital was discussed,
and a committee was appointed to select a site for a hospital building and
arrange for its erection. The members of the committee were Drs. Sumner,
Adams, Ruell, Wolcott, Carr. Fowler, Dayfoot, Spencer and Lee. However,
nothing definite was accomplished until May of the next year, when thirteen
interested persons were incorporated as trustees of the Rochester Homoeopathic
Hospital. The first meeting of the board was held December 4, 1888. A lot
was soon afterward secured, buildings were erected and on the opening of the
institution, September 18, 1889, visitors were greeted with a view of four
splendid buildings — hospital, nurses house, dispensary and laundry. The
nurse's school was opened December i, 1889. In 1890 donations were re-
ceived from Don Alnnzo Watson and ^Ir. and Mrs. Hiram Siblev. amounting
58 HISTORY OF HOAICEOPATHY
in the aggregate to the sum of $30,000, which enabled the hospital corporation
to free itself of debt. In 1892 the trustees secured additional lands, a desir-
able tract of eight acres, and at once set about the erection of a series of mod-
ern hospital buildings, adopting- the then new but now popular cottage plan
of construction. The work was completed and the new buildings opened No-
vember 21, 1894, and comprised a series of comfortable structures known re-'
spectively as the administration building, Watson pavilion, Sibley pavilion,
Watson surgical pavilion, Hollister building. Brothers cottage, the morgue,
and the kitchen building. The department of bacteriology was established in
1896, and the new maternity ward was built in 1899. Thus the trustees of
the Rochester Homoeopathic Hospital have become possessed of one of the
most complete institutions of its kind in the country, and one in which the
people of Rochester feel pardonable pride. It is indeed the popular hospital
of the city, and its corporation has at various times been made the recipient
of generous benefactions.
The Florence Hospital of New York city was established and incorporated
in 1889, and was opened for patients in the following year. It was founded
largely through the influence of the late Dr. William Tod Helmuth and the
generosity of other friends of homoeopathy in the city.
The Hargous Memorial Hahnemann Hospital of Rochester dates its his-
torv from the year 1888, when certain homoeopathic physicians of the city
became satisfied that the practice of medicine as approved by the majority of
members of the Monroe County HomcEopathic Medical Society was not in
accord with the strict teachings of Hahnemann, and they therefore withdrew
their membership in that organization and formed the Rochester Hahneman-
nian Society and issued a circular advocating the founding of a hospital agree-
able to the strict principles laid down by the founder— Hahnemann — in the
Organon. The physicians most directly connected with the move-
ment and who were chiefly instrumental in founding the hospital were Drs.
Biegler, Schmitt, Johnson, Rrownell. Carr, Grant, Hoard. Hermance and Nor-
man. Several meetings were held, which were attended bv both physicians
and laymen, an'cl resulted in the organization of a hospital board. An incor-
poration was efifected April 4. 1889. but even before the act was passed Dr.
Biegler had secured an option on the Judge Selden property on Oakland street,
comprising three acres of land on an eminence commanding a view of the city.
On February 5, 1889. the premises were leased, with the privilege to ])urchase
at a later date. The Selden residence was at once refitted for its intended
new occupancy ; an association of lady managers was formed in I<\'l:)ruary,
1889, and on April 10 following (Hahnemann's birthday) the institution was
formallv opened, the orator of the occasion being Dr. Clarence Willard Butler
of Montclair, New Jersey, and the subject of his address "An Appeal for
Hahnemann's Homoeopathy." When the trustees and managers desired to
raise funds for the i)urchase of hospital property and the establishment of
endowed beds, the nniltitude of friends of homoeopathy came to the relief of
the corporation with generous donations. In August, 1890. INIrs. Appleton of
Boston, daughter of Louis Stanislaus Hargous, gave the trustees the sum of
$35,000 as a memorial of the professional services of Dr. Biegler to her family,
and also as a means of expressing her gratitude to him and to homceopathy.
A gift also of $10,000 bv Susan Jeanette and Louis Stanislaus Hargous en-
dowed free beds in the hospital, and as an appreciation of these benefactions
the hosjiital was given the name Hargous Memorial Hahnemann Hospital of
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 59
Rochester. A new building was erected in 1902, and since that time the insti-
tution has occupied a new and advanced position amonfy the charities of the
city. ,
The Bufifalo Honi(eoi)athic Hospital was founded and opened in 1892 for
the especial purpose of furnishinii^ dispensary treatment to patients who are
unable to pay the ordinary physician's charges. The institution was founded
through the generosity of several men of means, who were interested in phil-
anthropic work. Its doors were opened for patients June i. 1892.
The Utica Homoeopathic Hospital at Utica. New York, was founded in
1895, ^"*^^ ^^'^s opened for patients September 28 of that year. Among those
diiectly concerned in the enterprise in its early history, and who also were
its officers, were Dr. William H. Watson, president ; Dr. F. F. Laird, medical
director ; and Dr. M. O. Terry, surgeon-in-chief. A nurses' training school
is conducted in connection wdth this hospital.
The Syracuse Homoeopathic Hospital was founded in 1896. An organi-
Utica Homreopathic Hospital.
zation w'as effected in the earl\- part of that year, and at a meeting of the
Onondaga County Homoeopathic Medical Society held in May a comitiittee
of the hospital trustees announced to the society that they had resolved upon
the purchase of a site for a hospital building. An original hospital incorpora-
tion had been effected in 1895. ^""^^ J^^^*^ o"^ y^^^ afterward the institution was
ready for patients. The affairs of the association prospered for a time, then
seemed to become decadent and in a bad way financially until the generous
offer of a new site for a hospital building by John Lyman and wdfe awakened
new and lively interest in its welfare. Air. Lyman's deed of gift of the Salina
street property bears date January i, 1903.
The Harlem Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary. Xew York city, was
founded and opened in March. 1896. The Yonkers Homoeopathic Hospital
and Maternity Home was estal)lished in 1896. The Mt. A'ernon Homoeopathic
Hospital was incorporated and organized in 1897.
€0 HISTORY OF HOAKJiOPATHY
REMINISCENCES.
The stor\- of the origin and marvellons growth of homoeopathy in the
United States had its beginning in the year 1825 in the city of New York,
when Dr. Hans Burch Gram, a brilHant surgeon, physician and scholar, visited
that city, wliere his l^rother, Neils B. Gram, resided. Dr. Gram, an American
by birth, had recently come from Copenhagen in Denmark, where he had been
educated and where he had become a believer in the medical doctrines promul-
gated by Hahnemann the founder. Thus, in America Gram was the first
exemplar to teach and to practice medicine according to the law of homoe-
opathy.
Hans Burch Gram was the son of Hans Gram, whose father was a wealthy
sea captain of Copenhagen. Hans Gram when a young man. was private secre-
tary to the governor of the Danish island of Santa Cruz. While travelling in
the United States in 1782 or 1783 he became interested in a Miss Burdick, the
daughter of a hotel keeper in Boston, where Gram was then living. He mar-
ried her and for his action his father disinherited him, but relenting on his
deathbed, left him his fortune. Mr. Gram settled permanently in Boston after
his marriage, but the records of his life are meagre. At one time he was liv-
ing in Cambridge and was an organist. He afterward lived on Common
street, where he died in 1803. Mr. Gram on hearing of the death of his father
prepared to leave Boston and return to his native land and receive his patri-
mony, but the night before he was to have sailed for Denmark he was taken
sick aiid died in a few hours. His widow survived him but two years, dying
in 1805.
Hans Burch Gram, the son, a year later, in 1806, at the age of eighteen
years, went to Copenhagen to claim the fortune left by his grandfather. He
obtained a portion of it and was successful in finding friends and relatives
willing to aid him. Prof. Fenger, physician-in-ordinary to the king, was his
imcle, and through his favor Gram received a superior education. He was
placed in the Royal Medical and Surgical Institution, and Dr. Fenger gave
liim every advantage of the other schools and later of the hospitals of Northern
Europe. Within a year after his arrival in Copenhagen he was appointed by
the king assistant surgeon to a large military hospital. This appointment
was preceded by a rigorous examination in Latin, Greek, philosophy, anatomy
and minor surgery. He was ofificially connected with the hospital as surgeon
during the last seven years of the Napoleonic wars, residing therein much of
the time. In 18 14 he resigned his position, having been advanced to the rank
of surgeon, and won the highest grade of merit in the Royal Academy of
Surgery, with the degree of C. M. L., the highest of three degrees. He then
devoted himself to general practice in Copenhagen, and so successfully that
at the age of forty years he had acquired a competence for himself and also
was enabled to assist the members of his family, all of whom had remained
in the United States.
During the years 1823 and 1824, (iram had become acc|uainted with the
principles of homoeopathy and had tested the new system very carefullv on his
own person and in his extensive practice, and had become convinced of the
truth of the doctrines propounded by Hahnemann. But he longed to see his
family in America, and therefore returned to the land of his birth. He sailed
from Stockholm in the ship "Vv'illiam Penn," Captain William Thompson, and
landed with him at Mount Desert, Maine, where he lived for some time as a
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY HI
guest of Dr. Kendall Kittridge, the first doctor ever settled on the island.
Gram afterward took passage with Captain Thompson for New York, where
he landed some time in 1825 and where his brother, Neils B. Gram, was estab-
lished in business. He lost his fortune by endorsing notes for this brother,
who seems to have been unfortunate, and was obliged to resume the practice
of medicine.
It is probable that Gram was induced to return to America more because
he believed he could disseminate the doctrines of homoeopathy than with any
thought of entering into active practice. He was a ripe scholar and in Europe
had been the associate of many learned men. However, he opened an office
in New York, though on account of his modesty it was several years before
he became well acquainted with his brothers in the profession. Gray says of
him : "He was too modest by far in his intercourse with his fellow men. He
was not diffident nor timid, for no surgeon knew better how to decide when
or how any operation of the art should be performed, and very few, indeed,
could operate with his skill and adroitness; but in conversing with a fellow-
practitioner he very much preferred hearing the sentiments and opinions of
others to delivering his own. He made it a rule never to express his opinions
on scientific matters until they were sought for in detail. Yet Gram was apt
and willing to converse and to teach." It is thought that he must have been
a homoeopathist in Copenhagen for ten or twelve years previous to his depar-
ture, and he claimed to have been one of the earliest of the European believ-
ers. Desiring to call the attention of the medical profession of New York to
the subject of homoeopathy, a few months after his settlement he made a
translation of Hahnemann's " Geist der homoeopathischen Heil-lehre "" and pub-
lished it in a small pamphlet of twenty-four octavo pages, with the title *' The
Character of Homoeopathy." This work was dedicated to Dr. David Hosack,
at that time president of the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons
and professor of theory and practice in that institution. This essay was first
published in a German newspaper of March, 1813, and afterward in a volume
of the second edition of the " Materia Medica Pura."' It was printed in the
form of a letter to Hosack, and was gratuitously distributed among the lead-
ing members of the medical profession, and especially to the medical schools.
Gram had long been away from the country and his English was bad.
His twenty years in Denmark gave this little missionary tract such a Danish-
German-English grotesqueness and such complicated grammatical construc-
tion that it was difficult to' read understandingly. Gray doubted whether any
one to whom it was sent ever did read it. Hosack said he had not done so.
Gram was greatly disappointed that the truth he so firmly believed in should
be so coldly received, and with the exception of certain manuscripts afterward
loaned to Folger, and lost by him, nothing further was written bv him. This
pamphlet was the first ever published in the United States on the subject of
homoeopathy. Only one copy is known to exist, and that was presented by
Mrs. Wilsey to Dr. Henry ]M. Smith and by him donated to the New York
library.
A powerful factor in the introduction of Gram to his fellows in Ne\v
York was that he was an enthusiastic royal arch mason, and it was through
the influence of the lodge room that he formed several close friendships with
influential persons ; he met Folger at a masonic meeting. It is said that he
was an officer in Jerusalem chapter No. 8. and took part in the exaltation of
Folo-er at an extra meeting on ^lav 2^ 1826. After the ceremony Gram intro-
62
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
duced himself to Folger and thus formed an acquaintance that lasted until
the latter left the city, in 1828.
Robert B. Folger, born in Hudson, N. Y., in 1803, commenced the prac-
tice of allopathic medicine in New York in 1824. For some time after he met
Gram he ridiculed the new method of small doses, but in August, 1826, Gram,
at P'olger's request, treated successfully several cases that the latter had deemed
incurable. He then became interested and began the study of German under
Gram's tuition, reading with him the Organon and the " Materia Medica Pura."
Folger began the practice of homoeopathy in 1827, but having no confidence in
his own knowledge of the system. Gram accompanied him when he visited his
patients. In 1828, on account of ill health, he was obliged to visit the south,
Surg. Gen. S. N. Y.
and Gram bade him goodbye at the vessel when he sailed. During this time
Folger was Gram's only student and assistant. After Folger went south his
connection with Gram ceased and he did not again practice medicine. He re-
turned to New York in 1835 and gave his attention to mercantile pursuits.
During the first week of their acc|uaintance. Gram introduced the subject of
homoeopathy, presented him with his pamphlet and with a manuscript article
on the pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. While Folger was in North
Carolina Gram determined to go there, and was to have joined him in Char-
lotte in 1828, but reverses in l)usiness on T^olger's part caused the project to
be abandoned.
In November, 1827, Gram was proposed for membership in the ^Medical
and Philoso])hical Society of New York, and was elected the following Feb-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 63
ruary, initiated in June, 1828, and at the general meeting the next month was
elected corresponding secretary. In July, 1830, he was elected president. He
had taken a prominent part in all the proceedings of the society and in Janu-
ary, 1829, proposed a plan of correspondence with the fellows, soliciting their
co-operation in collecting facts, especially respecting diseases and remedies,
whereby much knowledge could be obtained, erroneous opinions corrected,
and sound doctrines become better known and appreciated.
In September, 1826, Folger introduced Gram to Ferdinand Little W'ilsey,
a merchant, who also was a prominent mason and master of a lodge, in order
that Gram might instruct him on certain important masonic points. Mr. Wil-
sey was born in 57 Reade street, New York, June 23, 1797. A friendship was
at once established between the successful merchant and the physician, and
the former often entertained Gram at his house. \Mlsey was a sufferer from
dyspepsia and his own physician, Dr. John F. Gray, having failed to relieve
him, he was induced to place himself in his friend's care, and thus became the
first patient who was treated with homoeopathic remedies in the United States.
The success of the treatment was such that Wilsey, who for some time had
inclined toward the healing art, began the study of medicine under Gram, at
the same time attending lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons.
He began practice in private, acquiring the title of doctor and quite a reputa-
tion among his friends, with whom his medical services were entirely gratui-
tous. The panic of 1837 caused him to give up mercantile pursuits and. being
somewhat reduced in fortune, his friends procured for him a situation in the
custom house, which he accepted, still continuing his private practice. Dr.
Wilsey received the medical degree from the College of Physicians in 1844.
In 1845 he joined a company for mining copper in Cuba, and sailed for that*
island to superintend operations. The project was a failure, his health became
poor, and returning to New York, he at once opened an office and commenced
for the first time the public practice of medicine. His efforts were successful
and he amassed a considerable fortune. A few years previous to his death
ill health caused him to give up practice and remove to Bergen, N. J., where
he died May 11, j86o. He was devotedly attached to Gram and remained so
during his life ; was his companion in his last illness, and the last at his final
resting place. He was the first convert to the doctrines of homoeopathy in
the United States, and also the first American who made any pretension to
practice the same. Wilsey had frequently urged his old family physician. Dr.
John Franklin Gray, to be introduced to Gram, but Gray considered him a
quack and refused to meet him until in 1827, when in Wilsey's store thev be-
came acquainted. Gray soon became interested in the new theorv of cure
and permitted himself to discuss it with Gram. It was with reluctance, how-
ever, that he consented to Wilsey's placing himself under Gram's treatment
for his dyspepsia.
Dr. Gray thus told the story of Wilsey's conversion to homoeopathv : "I
had treated Wilsey for dvspepsia for a long time with such poor success that
at his request I consented with much reluctance and almost boorishlv to place
him under Dr. Gram's care, to test the value of the improved practice. Under
his treatment the patient experienced early and marked benefits. At that time
I ascribed the change to his improved diet. But as I could not answer Gram's
arguments in support of the new method, and as my training, reading and ex-
perience, which had been unusually extensive for so young a man, had failed
to inspire me with confidence in any past or existing plan of therapeutics. I
64 HISTORY OF. HOMOEOPATHY
was soon ready to put the method of Hahnemann to the test of a fair and
rigorous observation. Moreover, Gram's inimitable modesty in debate, and
his earnest zeal for the good and the true in all ways and directions, and his
vast culture in science and art, in history and philosophy, greatly surpassing
in these respects any of the academic or medical professors I had known,
very much shortened mv dialectic opposition to the new system. I selected
three cases for the trial, the first, hemoptysis in a scrofulous girl, complicated
with amenorrhoea ; the second, mania puerperalis. of three months' standing ;
and the last, anasarca and ascites in an habitual drunkard. Following Gram's
instructions, I furnished the proper registry of the symptoms in each case.
He patiently and faithfully waded through the six volumes of Hahnemann's
"Materia Medica" (luckily we had no manuals then) and prescribed a single
remedy in each case. The first and third cases were promptly cured by a
single dose of the remedy prescribed, and the conditions as to diet and moral
impressions were so arranged by me (Gram did not see either of the patients)
that, greatly to my surprise and joy, very little room was le-ft for a doubt as
to the efficacy of the specifics applied. The case of mania was perhaps the
stronger testimony of the two. The patient was placed under the rule of diet
for fourteen days previous to the administration of the remedy chosen by
Gram. Not the slightest mitigation of the maniacal suft'ering occurred in that
time. At the time of the giving of the remedy, which was a single drop of
very dilute tincture of nux vomica in a drink of sweetened water, the patient
was more furious than usual, tearing her clothing ofif, and angrily resisting all
attempts to soothe her. She finally recovered h€r reason within half an hour
after taking the nux vomica and never lost it afterward. I was determined
the patient should not have the advantage of imagination, so I gave her a
junk bottle full of molasses and water during the fourteen days and made her
take a tablespoonful every two hours, put the nux vomica in molasses and
water, so that she did not know that we had made any change of remedies.
The husband came for me after she had taken the nux vomica and said his
wife was dying; she had recovered her reason and begged me to go and see
her. I saw the lady and she thanked me for her restoration ; she was perfect-
ly well. I was her physician for a number of years afterward. A fourth case
was soon treated with success, which had a worse prognosis, if possible, than
either of the others. It was one of traumatic tetanus. During the first year
of my acciuaintance with Gram I subjected only my incurables and the least
promising instance of the curables to Dr. Gram's experiments ; but this was
simply because I could not read the language of the materia medica, and it
was impossible to do any more without a knowledge of the German. 'During
that time I surmounted this difficulty and became a competent prescriber and
a full convert to homoeopathy."
The year 1839 witnessed the first break in the circle of faithful enthusiasts
who had dared and suffered so much for the cause of homoeopathy. Gram,
who had been the guide, the teacher, the counsellor, grave, wise and afifec-
tionate, was suddenly stricken with apoplexy. Gray says : "Gram failed in
health completely just as the new period began to dawn upon us. Broken in
heart by the misfortunes, insanity and death of his only brother, upon whom
he had lavished all the estate he brought with him from Furope, he was at-
tacked with apoplexy in May, 1839, from which he awoke with hemiplegia;
after many months of sufl^ering he passed away on February 13. 1840. Wilson
and I tenderlv cared for him, and Curtis watched him as a faithful son would
HISTORY OF HO:siCF.OPATriY 65
a beloved father. He was an earnest Qiristian of the Swedenborgian faith,
and a man of the most scrupulously pure and charitable life I have ever known.
In the presence of want, sorrow and disease, secluded from all observation of
the world, he ministered with angelic patience and with divine earnestness."
Dr. Gram was buried in St. Mark's burial ground, New York, but on
September 4, 1862, his old-time friend and pupil, Dr. Gray, removed the re-
mains to his own lot in Greenwood cemetery. In the October number of the
"American Homoeopathic Review" is a long article by Dr. S. B. Barlow, and
another by Dr. H. M. Smith, on Gram. Dr. Barlow writes : "Hans B. Gram,
M. D., died February 13, 1840. aged fifty-four years. So reads a marble tomb-
stone erected over his grave in St. Mark's burial ground between Eleventh
and Twelfth streets, on the east side of Second avenue, in the citv of Xew
John F. Gray, IM. D.
York. On the fourth day of September, 1862, the grave of Dr. Gram was
opened and the remains taken up for removal to the private ground of Dr.
John F. Gray in Greenwood cemetery, where in a lovely spot his remains have
reached a permanent resting place. I had requested to be present at the ex-
humation, which request was readily and kindly granted. I estimated his
height to have been five feet ten inches. Gram's skull- was of medium size,
with good breadth of forehead showing that he had possessed a great amount
of volume of the perceptive and reflective faculties." Dr. Barlow describes at
length in this article the characteristics of Gram from the phrenological exam-
ination of his skull at this time, thus : "Veneration, conscientiousness, benev-
olence, combativeness, cautiousness, firmness, attachment to friends, and to
^Vy HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
•whatever was good, true, just and humane, were all characteristics of Gram
and the active operations of those sentiments could not but render their pos-
sessor a pleasant companion, a good man, a kindly physician, the central lum-
inary of whatever circle he was placed in, not assuming, dictatorial or ar-
rogant in manner. Whatever feelings of superiority he may have felt toward
those by whom he was surrounded, he could not hut endear himself strongly
to his friends and pupils, creating ties, the severing of which at his departure
must have been painful indeed. , Hence 1 find every person who knew him
well still speaking in terms of the most endearing tenderness of him as a luost
estimable friend. Naturally he was, doubtless, a brilliant, cheerful and happy
man; but opposition, detraction and persecution had rendered him somewhat
morose, taciturn, suspicious and distrustful — even of his best friends, embit-
tering the evening of his days, producing infirmities which brought a gloomy
obscuration over his faculties and sentiments and throwing clouds of disap-
pointment and unhappiness over his fastest friends.
"Future generations of physicians will do honor to the memory of Hans
B. Gram. The plate of his coffin bore the following inscription, portions of
which were difiicult to decipher, but I am sure it was all finally made out in
perfection : Hans B. Gram, M. D., a Knight of the Order of St. John, died
Feb. 13, 1840, aged 53 years." (There is a discrepancy of one year in his age
as given upon the coffin ])late and that inscribed on his tombstone.)
At a meetmg on Hahnemann's birthday. April 10, 1863, the meeting at
which Gray gave his address on "The Early Annals of Homoeopathy in New
York," after the banquet there were various toasts, and the talk turned on the
early times of homoeopathy in New York city. Dr. Barlow was asked to give
his opinion of the character of Gram, and he said : " The impressions I
received from viewing the craniology of Dr. Gram were, first, the massiveness
of his mind or brain, of his ability to grapple with whatever subject he under-
took. Secondly, I was impressed with the idea of his courage. I do not
mean brute courage, exactly, but courage for all good purposes, courage for
auNthing except for evil. A man whose skull gave me the impression of a
man who knew no fear except the fear of doing evil, doing wrong. I was
impressed with his ability for general scholarship. His organ of languages
was very good, his head could be called well balanced."
This story is told by Dr. Mofiatt of New York, illustrating the fearless-
ness of Gram : 'T heard it from his own lips. When he lived in Copenhagen
and was a physician or surgeon in the National Military and Naval Hospital, a
menagerie of wild beasts was there exhibited, among the animals being a full
grown lion. The keeper entered the cage of the lion, intoxicated, which enraged
the lion and he attacked the man and escaped from the cage. Gram was talking
with a friend, and picking a nut with a nut-picker, when there was a sudden
cry and the people ran out shrieking. Looking, he saw that the lion had
escaped. Everybody fled but himself and he stood in a defiant attitude, front-
ing the beast, which came so close that he felt the heat of his breath, and
Gram's purpose at the time WaS to plunge his hand with the instrument into
the beast's mouth as the only means of staving the destruction that would fol-
low should he attempt to escape with those behind him. As the creature
crouched to spring, he felt his hot breath. While he stood fronting him in
that attitude the attendants came with rods and cords and secured him. When
it was over Gram fainted. He did not tret over the effect for six months."
The only portrait of Dr. Gram in existence is a i:)encil sketch by Dr. Cur-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 67
tis, which was Hthographed and published in the "United States Medical and
Surgical Journal" for July, 1867, and is that from which is produced the por-
trait in this work. Gray said the original was wonderfully accurate. At the
1863 meeting Gray mentioned that a cast was taken of Gram's head, but did
not know if it was then in existence. At the meeting Gray, Wilson and Ball
were appointed a committee to arrange for erecting a monument over the
grave in Greenwood, but nothing seems to have been done at that time. In
1869 the New York State Homceopathic Medical Society inaugurated a move-
ment to invite dollar subscriptions for a monument to Gram. At a meeting
held September 14, 1869, at Cooper Institute, the following committee was
appointed : Drs. John F. Grav, L. Hallock, S. B. Barlow, B, F. Bowers, Car-
roll Dunham. H. D. Paine, of New York ; R. C. Moffatt, of Brooklyn ; I. T.
Talbot, of Boston ; Walter Williamson, of Philadelphia ; G. E. Shipman, of
Chicago, and Wm. H. Holcombe, of New Orleans. Circulars were issued and
some subscriptions were raised, but the matter was allowed to drop.
Dr. Gray's open adoption and profession of homoeopathy dated from 1828.
He was born in Sherburne, Chenango county. New York, September 24, 1804,
and was the fourth of five sons of John Gray, first judge of Chenango county.
When sixteen years of age his parents removed to Jamestown, Chautauqua
county. Thrown on his own resources, he devoted himself to obtaining an
education and a profession. After working for a time at a mechanical employ-
ment as a means of supporting himself, he obtained a situation as assistant
and student with Peter B. Havens of Hamilton, Madison county, where there
was an academy, and where he gave his services for his board and the oppor-
tunity for study and instruction. After two years he found a position as teach-
er in a neighboring district school. With money thus earned he was able to
A'isit his home, and the journey of two hundred and fifty miles he accomplished
on foot. While teaching and studying he fitted himself for a medical school.
He was for a time under the tuition of Dr. Ezra Williams of Dunkirk. He
Avent to New York in 1824, provided with letters to members of the college
faculty. One from Governor Clinton to Dr. Hosack brought him to the favor-
able notice of that leading physician, who soon became attached to him, ad-
mitting him to his private classes and otherwise aiding him. In 1825 he passed
an examination for a license before the county medical society with a view of
taking the position of assistant surgeon in the navy, but which, by the advice
of friends, he declined. He received his medical degree from the College of
Physicians and Surgeons in 1826.
Dr. Hosack through his own influence and that of DeWitt Clinton and
Thomas Eddy, two of the governors, secured for Gray a position in the New
York Hospital as assistant physician. His appointment had been opposed by
many who were unfriendly to Hosack. and was coupled with the condition that
he should undergo examination by the men who opposed him. Dr. Watts,
"vvho had been a strong opponent, became as earnest a friend, and advised him
to open an office in the more thinly settled but rapidly growing parts of the
city. He -liad now formed an attachment with the lady who afterward became
his wife, the daughter of Dr. Amos G. Hull, a well known surgeon of New
Y^ork. and father of Dr. A. Gerald Hull. He opened an office in Charlton
street and soon gained considerable practice. At this time he was regarded
hy his professional brethren as a young man of unusual promise and ability.
And now. with everything favorable to him in a professional wav, because of
honest conviction he became a devoted adherent to the medical svstem which
€8 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
when spoken of at all, was considered as tlie latest medical absurdity, not
worthy of serious attention. With his full adoption of homoeopathy in 1828,
the immediate effect was to alienate his patrons and diminish the number of
his families. Even those who had been cured, without knowing it was with
homoeopathic medicines, declined longer to trust themselves in his hands. His
carriage which for some time had been a necessity was given up as a useless
extravagance.
At a meeting of the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the County of New
York on April 10, 1863, to celebrate the birthday of Hahnemann, Dr. Gray,,
the president, addressed the society on "The Early Annals of Homoeopathy in
New York." Several toasts were given and the talk, turning to the trials of the
pioneers of homoeopathy, the following remarks were made, and are here
quoted to show something of the trials which beset the pathway of the early
homoeopathic practitioners :
Dr. Phineas P. Wells said : "The gentleman said he wished he had known
the happiness of witnessing the birth of homoeopathy in this country. I wish
to say to him that there are but three gentlemen in this room who knew the
facts personally. In those days when it was known that a physician had
adopted this view his friends forsook him like a leper, and he became the ob-
ject of scorn and calumny. Now it is all changed. You will never forget
it, sir (turning to Dr. Gray) and I shall never forget what we have suffered.
You never can have any conception of it. So much the better because you
have not the load to carry which your predecessors bore. You have only to
take up the great work freed from shackles, from obloquy, and to carry it to
perfection in these times which God has made your happy days."
Dr. Smith said : "I would rather be Dr. Gray having passed through
this than any other man in the United States. The warrior has no happiness
when at the cannon's mouth, or when he is pierced by a bullet, but his happi-
ness comes when he has achieved the victory in fighting for his suffering
country'. So in the light of present enjoyment I would be willing to go
through with that bitter experience for the sake of the pleasure and satisfac-
tion and the unmistakable intelligence that writes itself on the front part of
the brain in letters in fire — in letters of Hre — to remain while life lasts, as
though thcv were written upon the blue arch of heaven with pencil of living
light."
Dr. Gray said : "What Dr. Wells says is more true than I like to recall.
I went through eight years of persecution before the second epoch began. I
had many friends but none nearer than Dr. Hering, a magnanimous man. full
of sense and learning. He has been very kind to me. In an interview with
my old preceptor he said to me: 'I had some hopes of you. I expected you
to be one of those who would hold high the standard that I left. Now I
give you up. You have taken up with that crazy Gram and that contemptible
medical nonsense of Hahnemann, and I excommunicate you.' And he spoke
with great feeling. Then my own father in medicine and most intimate friend
at college (probably Hosack) and in the profession, ait me in the street as
though I had been a horse thief or some horrible, outcast. It stuck to me like
thistles and thorns, everywhere. My mind is sensitive. But better it is
that a man should lie so persecuted if it bring him forward in the great path
of human progress ; his soul will blossom unless tainted with vice, and he will
gain all the more power, all the more magnanimity toward those who differ
from him. As brother Wells so feelingly suggested, though on account of
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
69
some sensitiveness of organization I have not had the very greatest pleasure
of that sort, yet now I look back with unmixed deUght to the hour when the
world was turned against me both in my profession and friendships, God
bless those days ! God bless the man who led me, and the men who were
with me ! There were some, however, although they did not accept homoe-
opathy, whose faces never changed toward me. Some who went through the
college course with me, notwithstanding our difference of opinion, have nev-
er changed. Never has the cord of friendship that bound us together as boys,
nearly fort} years ago, sutit'ered the slightest break. And there are other con-
solations. So that the man who will preserve his justice of character, his
truth, and his devotion to what is right, as I have endeavored to do, will al-
ways have friends, even under the most oppressive and depressing circum-
A. Ccrald Hull. A. M., M. D.
Stances. But the best friend after all lies in the depths of the soul. Whoso-
ever communes with truth within him, whosoever sacrifices for truth within,
shall^ be paid, as the Man of Nazareth said, in this life an hundred fold, and
infinitely more in that which is to come." But Dr. Gray outlived his ostracism
and for many years upheld the new law of cure, and it was his pleasure to
see homoeopathy become popular and powerful as a medical system.
In 1829 Gram and Gray were alone in the practice of homoeopathy in
New York city. Gray devoted himself to learning German and soon was able
to read Hahnemann's work in the original. He also mastered French, but
from 1830 to 1838 he was poor and had a struggle to support his family. In
1835 his father-in-law, Dr. Hull, who had been in the truss business, died,
70 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
leaving hini executor. Tn attending to the estate much of his time was taken
up, and from 1835 to 1838 he had an office in V'esey street, under the Astor
house, where he could attend both to his profession and to his duties as exe-
cutor. In his later years he was very fond of reading philosophical and med-
ical writings m Latin.' In 187 1 he received an honorary degree from Hamilton
College.
It is said of Gray that he received pupils without fee, and that he always
was ready to aid poor students of medicine. He died at the Fifth avenue
hotel in New York, June 5, 1882, after an illness of three weeks. Gray was
one of the first physicians who advocated a more extended and thorough sys-
tem of medical education, and that the state should grant the license to prac-
tice. At a discussion in 1832 before the Philosophical Society he offered a
resolution that but one medical school should exist in a state ; that rival schools'
ought not to be approved ; that every physician in the state should be a teacher
in such school, and that there should be one board in each state that should
have the sole power of recommending candidates for license or degree. In
November, 1832, he delivered a lecture on the policy of chartering medical
colleges, the same being introductor}' to the course on theory and practice in
the New York School of Medicine.
The next to join the homceopathic ranks was Dr. Abraham Duryea Wil-
son. Gray and Wilson had been medical friends. In fact the coterie of bril-
liant voung physicians, students and associates of Hosack, who one by one
accepted the truth of homoeopathy, were intimates, members of the Philosophi-
cal Society, and it can readily be understood how they became acquainted with
Gram. Wilson, who had been in practice in New York since his graduation
in 1822, was introduced to Gram by Gray. At first Wilson was incredulous,
deeming, like his brethren, the new doctrine simply humbug, but the argu-
ments of Gram and the surprising cures accomplished induced Wilson to make
further experiments. These tests resulted in his conviction of the truth of the
homoeopathic law, and in 1829 he publicly adopted that method in his practice.
Dr. Wilson was born in Columbia College, New York city, September
20, 1801. His father, Peter Wilson, was professor of languages and Greek
and Roman literature in that institution. He was educated in the college,
graduating in 1818, when but seventeen years of age; but he did not receive
his diploma until of legal age, in 1822. After graduation he at once com-
menced the study of medicine under Drs. Hosack and Francis, receiving the
degree from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1821. He at once
settled in practice, locating on Walker street. New York city. In 1824 he-
married Fliza Holmes. He died of pulmonary apoplexy, January 20, 1864;
aged sixty-three years.
On Hahnemann's birthday anniversary. April 10, 1865, Dr. Grav deliv-
ered a eulogy on the life of the founder, and spoke of the period of \\'ilson's
adoption of homieopathy as follows : "Wilson was already a conspicuous
practitioner of mccHcinc when he adopted homoeopathy. This change took
place in 1829, the eighth year after his graduation from the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons, and the twelfth after receiving his baccalaureate in Co-
lumbia College. His social status and professional standing were such as to
make a strong sensation respecting the new practice in a wide circle of the
community at the time. His father, an eminent Scottish scholar, was profes-
sor of the Greek and Latin languages at the time of his son's birth, and for
many years after. His brother, the late George Wilson, an accomplished
HIS r( )\<\ ()!• lI()M(K()PATin' 71
counsellor at law in the city, who was twenty years his senior, and therefore
able to aid him socially, took unwearied pains in his behalf. Moreover, this
brother, as Wilson told me, earnestly interested himself after the venerable
father's departure, in his culture in ancient and modern literature and phi-
losophy. Whatsoever the elder brother could accomplish for him in society
and in aid of his professional career was certainly etifected with stratifying
success. Pr. Wilson had also the great advantages in that day resulting from
the personal friendship and patronage of his illustrious preceptor in medicine,
'the late Dr. David Hosack^ in whose private classes he was a diligent pupil.
Hosack had received classical training from Wilson's father, to whose mem-
ory he was gratefully attached ; and thus it can be imagined how readily this
young man's studious qualities were appreciated and his aspirations in the
outset of life fostered by his powerful preceptor. And that Wilson was a
keen and prompt student under Hosack, accepting and using all the advantages
afforded by his great master's private and public lectures and by the great
clinique of the New York hospital in which Hosack took the leading position,
was abundantly demonstrated by him when, in the capacity of a censor in the
county medical society, he officiated as examiner of candidates for the diploma
of that body. Wilson made the acquaintance of Gram and myself and encoun-
tered the great new problem of his life work, homcEopathy. After a patient
study of its principles and a protracted trial of its art-maxims at the bedside,
during all of which study and trial he refrained from expressing a judgment,
he decided the question firmly and fully for himself and for all his future pa-
tients, in the affirmative ; and thenceforward he openly avowed his adherence
to the doctrine and discipline of Hahnemann. Wilson came into our circle
with all his stores of sound culture and with all his indomitable courage in
defence of the right and true. I have said that the avowal of his change of
practice ensued upon a very mature and thorough examination of the ques-
tions involved in the change ; and I may add that this was his method in all
other philosophical and administrative problems. His powers of analysis
were never embarrassed by the perturbations of his emotional nature. Though
generous, even to a decided fault on some occasions, and full of sympathy at
all times and in every fibre of his being, yet he could at all times set his reason
to work in the precision and cool steadiness of mathematical logic : and thus
it was his want so to apply his happily dormant rational power to the largest
questions of faith and of practice in ethics and theosophy, as well as in ours
of medicine. His characteristic lay in this rare peculiarity of constitution, one
which belonged to the old time philosophers, that he could apply his conscious-
ly rational test processes over all the lines sketched by his intuitions; and his
merit as a man consisted in the ever rare quality that he openly avowed and
sustained whatsoever he found to be true by this his double process of inves-
tigation, pocolepsis. and demonstration. Wilson took this great step, homoe-
opathy, with a deliberation and courage consonant with his training- in letters
and science and with his constitution as a man. He was no adventurer in
the community, with nothing to lose by the change, and perhaps a gain to
make by heralding a novelty in medicine. Nor was he bv any view of his
constitution, an eager innovator, a reformer of popular mistakes ; but rather
from his harmonic tendencies (he loved music) and his cordial, social rapport
vyith all oood meanino: ])eople of his place and time, he was a conservative ;
was indulgent to harmless errors and indisposed to violent uprootings. X^ev-
72 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
ertheless he went with his conviction of truth whensoever these were fully
ripe in his soul. '
"Bitter were the pangs and sore the costs of this bold change for the
accomplished and successful young Wilson. In less than two years after the
adoption of the new method, that is to say in 183 1, when the birth of the last
of his children had rendered the demands of family support strongest upon
him, his change had deprived him of all his family practice save one ; of that
g'oodly broad basis founded by his familiar associates among the Masons in
the Dutch church, of which he was a cherished member, and from among his
family adherents, including those of his brother, the Counsellor Wilson, only
one stood by him, Mr. Thomas Dugan, sexton of St. George, who happened
to be the mutual friend of Wilson and myself."
Wilson did not study German, therefore could not determine the remedy
for himself, and as he was ever anxious to do his utmost for his patients, he
was in the habit of taking them to Gram for advice ; and Wilson and Channing
held daily consultations with Gram. But long before his professional reputa-
tion was re-established, Wilson's careful methods and cures greatly advanced
the system in the community.
The next in order to be mentioned is Amos Gerald Hull, who was the
first native American to take up the study of medicine as a student of homoe-
opathy. He was born in New Hartford, New York, in 1810, and was edu-
cated at Union College, Schenectady. Dr. John F. Gray writes : "Mr. Hull
took his degree in the arts at Union College, with distinguished rank, in 1828.
He remained there some months pursuing a post-graduate course of studies
in chemistry and anatomy under our late and justly revered colleague. Dr.
Joslin, at that time and for many years after a professor at Union. Dr. Joslin
and I had studied medicine together, graduating in the same class, in the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, and I suggested the course taken by Hull,
well knowing the unusual advantages he could reap from Joslin's exact and
• full attainments in the natural sciences. On his coming to the city Hull en-
tered Rutger's Medical College. Hosack, Mott, Macneven, Francis and the
great Irish surgeon, Bushe, were the professors. With Francis and Bushe he
also studied in extra college courses of lectures as a private pupil. But best
of all the assistance he enjoyed, in my estimation, was the daily guidance and
conversation of the good pioneer Gram. In the summer time Gram taught
him botany, master and pupil making frequent foot excursions for the pur-
pose, in the neighborhood of the city, analyzing the wayside and wood flow-
ers as they wandered through the rich floral regions of our coast. Wilson
and 1 sometimes joined this party, and also made some advances in botany
under Gram. In the winter evenings Gram reviewed descriptive anatomy
with Hull, in a methodic course of dictation in the Latin language, which the
pupil was required to record in writing as it fell from the master's lips; a
task probably no public teacher in any of our American colleges could have
executed, and I am quite sure no other pupil could have performed his share
of the exercise better than did young Hull. * * * j„ ^jj HxxW spent four
years in professional studies, after his full terms and graduation at Union, in
this way."
The Medical Society of the County of New York had just established a
public and recorded exaniination of all applicants for a license to practice, and
Dr. Hull w^as the first to undergo the ordeal. He graduated in medicine in
1832 and commenced practice in 1833. After practicing for some years he
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 73
removed to Newburgh, remaining a few years, but returned to New York,
where he practiced until his death. He joined the Medical and Philosophical
Society in 1828, and was a member of the New York County Medical Soci-
ety and a censor in 1835. At the time he joined membership was obligatory
upon every physician by the law of the state. Hull visited Hahnemann in
Paris in 1836-37, of which visit he wrote a very interesting account for the
"Homceppathic Examiner" in 1841, and which was also published as a pam-
phlet. He died in New York, April 25, 1859, aged forty-nine years.
Gray had married Hull's sister, and the brothers-in-law went into practice
together. In 1835 they were joint editors of the "American Journal of Homce-
opathia," and in 1840 of the "Homoeopathic Examiner." Hull edited an edi-
tion of Everest's "Popular View of Homoeopathy," originally published in
England, and several editions of Laurie's "Domestic Practice." He also edited
several editions of Jahr's "Manual of Homoeopathic ]\Iedicine," and was co-
editor of the translation of that great symptomatology, Jahr's "Symptomen
Codex."
Gray places Hull after Wilson in the order of precedence, probably be-
cause the latter was a student as early as 1828, but the man who entered into
homoeopathic practice next after Wilson was Daniel Edward Stearns. He
was born in 1801 at Hinesburgh, Vermont, where he received his early edu-
cation. His medical studies were with Dr. David Deming. He attended the
University of Vermont, at Burlington, where he graduated in 1828. Dr.
Stearns, like many of the students of his day, w^as obliged to gain an educa-
tion under difficulties. With little money and poorly clad he earned by teach-
ing in the winter and by working in the summer the means to enable him to
attend the two courses of medical lectures then required by law. In the fall
of 1826, while attending his first course of lectures at Burlington, he was
offered a situation in a drug store in New York city. This he declined, but
being offered the same place in 1827, and as he had attended his full course
of lectures, he accepted and went to New York. He remained in this posi-
tion until September, 1828, when he returned to Vermont to receive his diplo-
ma. Undecided what next to do, he received from New York a letter advising
him not to allow the want of money to hinder his return to the city. If he
should pay for his diploma, his funds would be exhausted. If he returned
to New York he could not take with him the coveted evidence of graduation.
The means were provided, however, and he returned to New York. In a
letter written in 1870. Stearns himself said: "I came into the city in the fall
of 1827. I had attended my two courses of lectures at our University of Ver-
mont at Burlmgton and read nw three years as the law required. In Septem-
ber, 1828, I left for Vermont, then and there received my diploma; returned
the same fall to New York city, had an introduction to John F. Gray, M. D.,
spent a part of the winter in his office, and at that time became acquainted
with H. B. Gram, M. D., and A. D. Wilson. M. D., Dr. Channing and Dr.
Joseph T. Curtis, who then was a student of Dr. Gram. And now I sav these
were, with myself, the only gentlemen who had the boldness and courage to
rally in the ranks of homoeopathy." In the winter of 1827 Stearns attended
lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons and visited the hospital.
Thus, in company with these enthusiasts. Gray and Gram and Wilson,
Stearns soon became convinced of the truth and certainty of the homoeopathic
law of healing. In the spring of 1829 he commenced the practice of homoe-
opathy in New York, continuing there until in 1852 or 1853. when he removed
74 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
to Tremont station, Westchester county, a suburb of New York. For two
years he practiced in the city, but the increase of his Tremont practice obhged
him to devote to it all his time. In 1856 by accident he became disabled for
active practice. In 1872 he was still living at Tremont.
A notable convert to the teachings of Gram, was William Channing, of
whom Gray writes: "Dr. William Channing was a man of large culture in
letters and very thoroughly educated in medicine. He was in the mid-prime
of life at the time of his conversion to homoeopathy, which occurred in 1832,
during the first appearance of the Asiatic cholera in this country. He had
joined Gram's party in the County Medical Society for the establishment of
the public and recorded examination of candidates, and having been elected
in that body to the ofifice of censor, with Gram and Wilson for colleagues, he
was frequently in our little circle, and often, of course, the new practice was
discussed with him."
Thus Channing became familiar with the doctrines of homoeopathy, in-
terested in Ihcm. and was liberal enough to be willing to test their truth.
When in 1832 the cholera appeared in New York, he tendered his services to
the hospitals. This gave liim a chance to make a test of the new system,
and as Hahnemann had just ]niblished his advice about the use of camphor,
veratrum and cuprum in cholera, Channing made a public trial of these rem-
edies on the victims. So great was his success that he published the results
over his own signature in the "Commercial Advertiser," and soon after de-
clared himself tO' be a believer in homoeopathy. Channing was a brilliant man,
of large culture in letters, and thoroughly educated in medicine. Gray says
"Channing's was an eminently logical mind, attending with full earnestness to
all topics of a philosophical character till he arrived at definite conclusions, and
when he reached these he was firm and decided in their maintenance. He was
not of the skej^tical class on any subject. ''^ * * W^ith Channing's conver-
sion came the first divergence of practice among the homoeopaths in this coun-
try He was a thorough Hahncmannian in all his views and practice, which
neither of his predecessors were. Gram, Wilson and myself held from first
to last that these expedients of the old practice which had attained such a
solid basis of empirical certainty as to good results in given and well defined
cases of disease, ought not to be laid aside. When Gram arrived, the founder
of the school had not adopted the later j)ractice of attenuating the remedies,
and our method was, in 1833. to administer doses equivalent to the first and
second centesimal dilutions. Channing went up promptly with Hahnemann in
his doses, fully believing in the potentizing process and faith of the master,
and even after the death of Hahnemann, going out of the very roof of all
scientific observation with the enthusiastic Jenichen of Hanover." In 1838-
Clianning delivered an essay on the "Reformation of Medical Science De-
manded by Inductive Philosophy " before the New York Physician's Society..
The society published it, and a second edition was published l)y the homoe-
opaths in 1 85 1.
William Channing was born in Massachusetts about 1800. His father
was a Congregational minister. He was educated at Phillip's Academv, at
Exeter, New Hampshire, and graduated in medicine at Rutger's College,
New P>runswick. New Jersey, in April, 1830. He was a cousin of William
Ellery Channing of Boston. Dr. H. M. Smith writes of him: "He differed
from some of the other physicians, who adhered to tlie (.'nipiric use of the
remedies of the old school and believed with Hahnemann that such practice-
HisTMin' ( )!•" IK )M(]:()iv\'rin' 75.
was unjustifiable. He accepted hoiiKecjpathy as a priiicijjle, was satisfied with
it, saw in it an all-sufficient jj^uide for the administration of remedies for dis-
eases, and believed that a failure to cure a curable case did not disprove the
universal applicability of the law, but want of knowledge on the part of the
prescriber. The accession of Channing marks an era in the history of homce-
opathy. The profession had paid little attention to this subject, considering
it one of Gram's vageries, but the success of the treatment in cholera brought
the practice into notice, awakened an opposition which was increased as the
system gained in public favor, and the loss of patients affected the pockets
of the old school physicians. Highly esteemed by all who came in contact
with him. and having many friends, Dr. Channing was so reticent that few
knew about his family or social affairs. He took a prominent part in the
meetings of physicians. He failed in health in 1844. There was a gradual
breaking down of his mental powers, and after many years of disease he died'
at Harrisburg. Pennsylvania. February ii, 1855.
'76 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
CHAPTER IV
HOMCEOPATHY IN NEW YORK (CONTINUED)
The Cholera Epidemic of 1832 — Hahnemann an Honorary Member of the New York
Medical Society — The Pioneer Homoeopathic Medical Society — Reminiscences of
Early Homoeopathic Practitioners — Curtis — Kirby — Vanderburgh — Paine — Dutcher —
Wright — Ball — Freeman — Cook — Bowers — Harris — Palmer — McVickar — Joslin —
Belcher — Stewart — Hallock — Quin — Wells — ^A Chapter of Reminiscences.
- At the outbreak of the epidemic of cholera in 1832 the physicians whose
names are mentioned in the preceding- chapter constituted the entire homoe-
opathic force in New York. Though they were few in number and with no hos-
pitals under their administration, the comparative results of the allopathic and
the homceopathic methods of treatment of that disease produced a powerful
reaction in favor of homoeopathic school among the people, and a new impetus
was given to the examination of its claims by physicians. This inquiry was
facilitated by the fact that Hahnemann's Organon and the Materia Medica
Pura were now printed in French. Ernest G. de Brunnow had translated the
Organon into French and Arnold had published it in Dresden in 1824, issuing
a second edition in 1832. A. J. L. Jourdan had made a translation of the
fourth edition into French, which was published in Paris by Bailliere in 1832.
Charles H. Devriant, a lawyer of Dublin, had translated the fourth edition into
Englisli, with notes by Dr. Samuel Stratton, and it had been published in
Dublin and London. In 1828 Bigel had rendered the Materia Medica Pura
into French, and in 1834 Jourdan also had made a translation of the same.
So it became possible to investigate homoeopathy without first devoting very
m-uch time to the study of German.
Gray writes of this epoch : "About the time of Channing's coming- over
to homoeopathy, namely, in 1832 and 183^, Dr. Jourdan of Paris translated the
Materia Medica Pura and Jahr's Manual into the French langtiage, and these
works very soon made their way into this cotmtry. This event marks an im-
portant epoch in the extension of homoeopathy, the world over. Prior to it
no physician could test the practice or study its principles with any approach
to success, without first making a fair conquest of the German language ;
and very few men in middle life, especially physicians engaged in the cease-
less cares and toils of their profession, could surmount this barrier. Hull.
Curtis and I had done so. at the instigation of Gram, and doubtless Channing
would have accomplished this arduous task had not the labors of Jourdan
rendered it far less important. This difficulty fully explains the slowness of
the expansion of our system during the first eight years of its practical exis-
tence here in New York. Moreover, it readily suggests the reason whv the
earlv converts here, did not press the stibject on the attention of their medical
brethren in their private intercourse. We enjoved a wide circle of profession-
al acquaintance, and had frequent meetings with them in the medical society.
and in large private consultations during the two years we were agitatincr
the rhedical reform, but with very few exceptions the topic nearest our hearts
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
7T
was treated of sparingly in all this intercourse. It was treated with still great-
er reticence among our patients for the same reason ; and it was wholly
impossible, except among the few educated Germans then in New York, tO'
speak of the new practice among the people generally, without incurring,
however incorrectly, the odium of quackery. When occasionally we were
asked by medical men, who saw in the European journals the angry diatribes-
which now and then appeared against Hahnemann, whether we too were his
disciples, we answered truly, 'yes, and that for good reasons,' but we shunned!
debate with them and avoided all explanations to the laity, as being alike use-
less and uncongenial to our tastes and sense of duty, under the circumstances."
Regarding the discretion and reticence in speech that was undoubtedly
enjoined upon his disciples by Gram, its failure on the part of Channing
caused a great breach between these two friends. Dr. Barlow thus comments
upon it: "Possessing firmness in a large degree in conjunction with large
combativeness and cautiousness, made him persistent in his resentments, arr
instance of which may be still well remembered by many of his friends — his-
resentment toward Dr. Qianning. a most es-
timable and friendly man, for having incau-
tiously given airing to the fact of his (Gram ) ' ~~^ 1
being a homoeopathist. Dr. Gram never for- i
gave his friend for this indiscretion, for that
was the first step toward Gram's fall in the
estimation of the faculty in New York, where
such men as Hosack, Post, McNeven, ]\Iott,
Rogers. Stevens and a host of other eminent
names who up to that time had been his ad-
mirers and had considered him one of the
most talented, learned and skillful men in this
country, at once became his bitter, persistent,
unrelenting and unscrupulous enemies and
persecutors, and so remained until he died,
when the mantle of obloquy and wrath de-
scended with no gossamer lightness and gen-
tleness upon the heads of his surviving con-
freres."
"But we were not idle; we worked for the future in mutual education'
and preparation ; and when the translations were effected into all the spoken
languages of Europe, as they were in 1837 and in 1838, we re-established our
journal of homoeopathy and our distinct public homceopathic societv. The
hour of manly open combat arrived at last, and it found us, after so manv
years of patient waiting, harnessed for the fight."
It is to be remembered that the phvsicians of New York were all mem-
bers of the New York County ^ledical Societv, and that it was necessarv be-
tore a person was allowed to practice that he have a license from that societv •
and thus at its meetings the members of the Httle homceopathic familv of New
• o "'^S\'''*TT r/ P^'ofessional brethren. A curious circumstance happened
in i«32^ Dr. H. M. Smith thus relates it: "At a meeting held September 10,
1832. Dr. Gray proposed Hahnemann for honorarv membership. Before do-
ing so he had lent a copy of his Tragmenta de viribus Medicamentorum' to
the president ot the society who was a Latin scholar. Dr Bernheisel ob-
jected on the ground that Hahnemann was a quack, and \va. immediatel\r
Dr. S. R. Kir
78 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
-called to order ])v the chairman, who said that no one should so stigmatize
a man who had written such a hook as the work of Hahnemann in the Latin
tongue. This effectually silenced all the opposition. Many of the members
indeed had probably never heard of homoeopathy. At a subsec[uent meeting,
November 12, Hahnemann was elected. In filling out the diploma it was
customary to state why the honor was conferred and the president asked Dr.
Gray how he should make out Hahnemann's diploma. 'Why,' answered Dr.
Gray, 'you can say The Founder of Homoeopathy,' and so it was filled out.
At this date there had been but little opposition. Eleven years after, how-
ever, at a meeting held July 10, 1843, it was 'Resolved, that the resolution of
this society of November 12, 1832, conferring honorary membership in this
society on Samuel F. Hahnemann of Germany be and the same is hereby re-
scinded.' Hahnemann, however, had not been admitted by resolution but had
been elected by, ballot. He had died at Paris eight days previous to this vote,
in the 88th year of his age. He had been sixty-two years a doctor of medi-
cine, more years than many of the members of the medical society had
breathed, had written two hundred dissertations on medicine, more medical
works than probably the majority had read, and as the discoverer of a system
of therapeutics left a name to be revered."
Among the early students of Gram was Louis Folk Van Beuren, who was
with him in 1832. He graduated and for a number of years practiced in New
York. In 1865 he was practicing in Louisville, Kentucky.
The second student of Gram was Joseph Thomas Curtis. He was born
at Danbury, Connecticut, January 29, 181 5. Giving promise of talent at an
•early age, his parents gave him a thorough English and classical education.
At the age of eighteen, in 1833, he became a student in Gram's office. He
passed one of the most brilliant public and recorded examinations ever held
in New York, receiving his license to practice March 23. 1836. He at once
began the practice of homoeopathy with Gram. In 1852 he was elected presi-
dent of the Hahnemann Academy of Medicine, and delivered an inaugural
essay on the " Relation of Homoeopathy to Giemistry." In 1843 h^ edited,
with Dr. James Lillie, an " Epitome of Homoeopathic Practice." This was
compiled from Jahr, Reuckery, Boenninghausen and others. His practice was
large and successful during the ten years in which he could work, but his
health became poor. His sight failing, he went to Europe for a cure, but
with only partial success. He afterwards tried the West Indies, but did not
remain there. He tried other means without success and resumed his prac-
tice shortlv before his death, which took place November 13, 1857. Smith
says of him : '~ He possessed great power of analysis and comparison, and
being profoundly versed in anatomy, physiology and materia medica, it was
a great delight after carefully preparing his record to select the remedy from
the scantv resources at his command. His confreres soon learned where to
go for assistance in their daily practice. He was regarded as one of the most
learned of practitioners, esteemed by his colleagues as well as his patients,
but lacking the arts and blandishments bv which many commend themselves
to their patients, he obtained neither wealth nor fame." Dr. Valentine Mott
said of him : " Dr. Curtis is a medical scholar of rare attainments, and a
gentleman of s])otless character. ' Dr. Willard Parker said : " He possesses
a superior and highly cultivated intellect which be has most ardently devoted
to the science of medicine and its collnterals."
Another of the early friends of (Irani wds Dr. Steiiben ixevnolds Kirhy.
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 79
In the summer of 1830 he was one of the coterie ^yho met at Gram's house
for instruction in homoeopathy. He was born at Middle Patent, town of
Bedford, Westchester county, New York, May 21, 1801, and came to New
York at the age of fifteen. Later on he taught school. He was principal of
public school No. 7 when it opened on Chrystie street, in 1827, and then
began the study of medicine. He was a temperance advocate and president
of the New York society'; was a member of the New York volunteer fire
department, and an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He
died in New York, March 6, 1876. Dr. Kirby in 1864 delivered an address
on " The Introduction and Progress of Homoeopathy in the United States "
before the New York County Homoeopathic Medical Society, in which he
mentioned that in the summer of 1832 Gram, Wilson, Channing and himself
were the only ones who treated cholera chiefly with camphor, and that the
practice was ridiculed and termed the " small dose camphor treatment." He
did not learn German, and it is stated that he practiced with indifferent success
until after the publication of the Organon and Materia Medica Pura, and
that he hesitated to declare himself a homoeopathic physician. He was well
known as the editor of the " American Journal of Homoeopathy," which was
issued in nine volumes from 1848 to 1857, and vyas the principal homoeopathic
journal of those important years. He was one of the original organizers of
the American Institute of Homoeopathy, and its first treasurer. He was
president, while still treasurer, in 1846. He also was a member of various
other New York homoeopathic societies. With Dr. Phineas P. Wells and
James M. Quin, he opened in October, 1845, ^^^^ ^^^^ homoeopathic dispensary
in- the United States. He was also a member of the faculty of the New York
Homoeopathic Medical College and professor of materia medica in the New
York Aledical College and Hospital for Women.
An important personage among the associates of Gram w^as Federal Van-
derburgh. In a letter to Dr. Henry M. Smith, dated February i, 1867, Dr.
A^anderburgh wrote : '* I w^as attending Mr. M. in Pearl street, one of whose
toes was set at right angles with his foot by a contraction of its tendon. I
advised him to have it divided. ' Not without Mott's approbation,' he replied.
The next day Dr. Paine and I met at his house and he dismissed us both.
Th'rty days afterwards I met him walking the street with his toe adjusted.
I asked him how it was done and he said that Dr. Gram had given him some
sugar pellets of the size of a mustard seed, which straightened his toe. As
I picked up the gems from all classes and having no prejudice to encounter,
I straightway introduced myself to Dr. Gram. I found him working a gigan-
tic intellect with the simplicity of a child, and entirely unconscious of its
power."
Vanderburgh thus tells of his first trial of the great skill of Gram : " A
lady of 36 came to consult me ; she had been four years ill with what she called
black jaundice. I had lost a sister with the same disease. I took a careful
record of the case and on my return I met Gram at the door and asked him
to read the record. He said she had been poisoned wath bark (quinine) and
that chamomilla would cure her ; that in three days after the chamomilla was
given the old chill of four years ago would re-appear, but so feebly that she
would recover without another. His prophecy proved true."
Just when Vanderburgh embraced homoeopathv is not known, but it
must have been previous to 1834. as he then was corresponding secretary of
the New York Homoeopathic Society.
80 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHV
Federal \'anderburgh was born at Beekman, Dutchess county, New
York, May ii, 1788. He was the seventeenth child in a family of nineteen
(his father having been twice married) and of Dutch descent. He received
the meagre common school education of that day, but by self-education and
strict application he was able to learn enough Latin to afterward pursue his
medical studies with facility. At the age of seventeen he entered himself as
a student of medicine with Dr. Wright, a physician of New Milford, Connecti-
cut. Dr. Hall, an old student of Vanderburgh, thinks he was licensed to
practice about that time by the medical faculty of Litchfield county. At the
age of nineteen he went to New York to enjoy the advantages of the hos-
pitals and medical lectures. There he entered the office of Dr. Stephen Smith,.
a leading physician. After attending two courses of lectures he graduated,
before he was twenty-one. His manly appearance, for he was six feet in
height, and finely proportioned, never suggested to the professors a doubt as
to his age. During his student life he was subject to attacks of pulmonary
hemorrhage that threatened his life. By some they were thought to be o£
cardiac origin and by others of a tuberculous character. But he never allowed
this illness to depress his spirit.
Vanderburgh must have graduated in 1808. but biographical accounts
dififer as to his residence immediately afterward. Dr. J. F. Merritt, wha
wrote his obituary for the " American Homceopathic Observer," says that he
went to Geneva in 1812 or 1813, remained there for twenty years and returned
to New York about 1830. Smith says that he practiced in New York until
181 1, when on account of failing health he went to Geneva, New York, where
he practiced ten years. He then gave up practice there to Dr. Martyn Paine,
and returned to New York, which dates his return to the city about 1821.
A report in the transactions of the American Institute of Homoeopathy for
1871 says that he located in his native town and after a few years removed
to Hudson, Columbia county, remaining there until 181 5, when he w^ent to
Geneva, where he practiced until he removed to New York in 1823 or 1824.
Soon after he began practice he married Hester Orinda Boardman, of New
Milford, Connecticut. The climate of Geneva agreed so well with him that
he became robust and until old age was a model of muscular development,
and maintained an erect stature even when very old. Just when he embraced'
homceopathy does not seem to be known, but there is no doubt that he prob-
ably had an early acquaintance with Gram. In a letter written October 18,.
1867. during his last illness, to Dr. George E. Shipman, he said : " You ask
me for my photograph and its biographical appendage. ]\Iy photograph I
send you. My homceopathic appendage began with Dr. Gram. When he
arrived in New York Gram was a friendless stranger and when he opened
his little manuscript no faith was found in his statements. The city was
then under the spell of Post. Hosack and Mott ; the schools were animated'
with their errors, and there was no time for them to look at atoms when the
masses were before them. Gram was grave and thoughtful, and gained his-
ascendency over his little circle by the interest he manifested in his future min-
istry ; and when unheard of doctrines — such as little doses — came forth, one-
by one. they were tested on the sick, the results of infinitesimal doses were
recorded, and W^ilson, Gray and Curtis saw the light with its guiding star
before them. These three scholars, with one teacher, lit the lamp whose
cruse of oil will never empty until the educated errors of our ancient brethren'
are buried beneath their own monuments. At this time, it T remember, the-
HISTORY OF HO^Fa:OPATHY . 81
sale of my medical errors had reached $10,000 a year in the higher circles of
society before my acquaintance with Gram, and my introduction to him
enabled me to plant the reformation of medical science on that circle to great
advantage. I then drew to my aid the lamented Curtis, the brightest star in
homoeopathy, expanding so rapidly under Gram's tuition that he (Gram)
once said to me, ' I should not care to go to Heaven if I could not meet with
Curtis there.' I made it his interest to be my preceptor ; and with his guidance
many time-honored errors were consigned to oblivion, and many hoary preju-
dices were marched off the stage."
Dr. Smith says that his name Federal was thus acquired : " \Vhen he
was born, the adoption of the federal constitution being the grand political-
event of the time, Chancellor Kent, then a young lawyer, suggested that the
Federal Vanderburgh, M. D.
infant Vanderburgh be named Federal Constitution, but his mother objected
to the 'Constitution,' and that word was omitted."
Vanderburgh remained in active practice in New York until 1840, when
he purchased Linwood hills in Rhinebeck, and resided there until his death.
About one year before his death he contracted severe pleuro-pneumonia, in-
duced by exposure to inclement weather in connection with professional duties,
which produced an attack of dyspnoea. He graduallv failed until, without
suftering. he expired January 23. 1868. Vanderburgh's practice was verv
largely among the wealthy class, and he was often summoned to attend pa-
tients at some distance from home. He practiced -medicine because he loved
it. It is related that at the age of seventy-seven, when traveling with a patient.
82 HISTORY OF HO^ICEOPATHY
the latter said to the doctor after he had reached his destination, " Well,
doctor, you will stay with us a few days and rest yourself." " No," said Dr.
Vanderburgh, " I must return to-morrow."' " So soon," replied the host,
"well, what can I do to entertain you?" "Oh, show me some sick folks."
A physician who knew him writes : " Dr. Vanderburgh's mind was peculiar ;
his conclusions were so often the result of intuition. This ran through a
large portion of the writings of his later years. He practiced medicine from
a love of his profession. He became absorbed in his cases. In speaking of
his patients he rarely called them by name. He usually designated them as
' the cardiac case with the valvular disease,' or ' the man with diabetes,' etc.
He was kind to the poor, as thousands could testify. His advice was sought
at his home, on the highway, in the railroad station, on the railroad car, on
the steamer, at his dinner, at the hotel in the city, in bed and out of bed. He
never turned a deaf ear to a case. He was proverbial for punctuality in his
appointments, and woe betide the man who kept him waiting in the consulta-
tion room. A homily was the certain penalty."
The ten years from Gram's arrival in 1825 to the establishment of the
first homoeopathic magazine in 183s. may be called the first epoch in the his-
tory of American homoeopathy. There was this little company of believers
in New York city who had been timid in advancing the claims of the new
medical system, for they were all men of trained intellect, men who did iiot
decide hastily, but cjuietly were following the precept — prove all things and
hold fast to that which is good. Over in Pennsylvania also there were cer-
tain earnest and cultured men who had become convinced of the truth of
homoeopathy and were about to found a college for its proper teaching ; so
that in two distinct centers in the United States in this first epoch of its Amer-
ican existence, the law of healing of the German doctor had gained a firm
footing. The New York men now had become so confident that the time
seemed proper to assume a more public attitude and to establish a homoeopathic
society.
Previous to the year 1834, the only society which the little band of homoe-
opathists attended was the New York Medical Society, numbering as its mem-
bers all the physicians in regular practice in New York. But now the friends
determined that it was time to form some union exclusively for the believers
in homoeopathy, therefore the New York Homoeopathic Society was organized
September 23, 1834. The following preamble was published to the consti-
tution :
" Whereas a great share of the reformation which is now taking place
in the art of education, in criminal jurisprudence, in political science, and in
the science of medicine, is to be attributed to the increased attention with
which the studious and humane have investigated the natural history of man,
and the influence which physical and moral agents exert upon his growth,
health, morals and happiness ; and whereas there exists in the archives of
homoeopathia an extensive fund of testimony (as yet unknown to English
readers) which is believed to be very essential to the right understanding of
the subjects above named —
" Therefore, the subscribers, holding the advancement of the public wel-
fare by the diffusion of knowledge to be a most sacred and noble duty, in-
cumbent upon all who enjov the rights and means of inquiry, have resolved
to associate, and, by this instrument, do associate, under the style of the 'New
York Homoeopathic Society ' for the purpose of protecting, enriching and dis-'
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
83
seminating such of the propositions and testimonies of HomcEopathia as upon
mature trial they shall find to be sound and available," etc. Officers of the
society for 1834-5 : President, John F. Gray ; vice-presidents, Edward A.
. Strong, George Baxter ; corresponding secretary. Federal Vanderburgh ; re-
cording secretary, Daniel Seymour ; treasurer, F. A. Lohse ; registrar, A.
Gerald Hull : librarian, F. L. Wilsev ; finance committee, J. H. Patterson,
Oliver S. Strong, L. M. H. Butler, William Bock.
This society was composed of physicians and laymen. William Cullen
Bryant, the poet-editor, was a member. He was an early convert to homoe-
opathy and all his life was a strong supporter of its principles.
The year 1835 was memorable as being the period of the establishment
of the first homceopathic magazine in the United States, " The American
E. E. Snyder, :Sl. D.
Journal of Homoeopath ia."' It was a small octavo of forty-eight pages, edited
by Drs. John F. Gray and Amos G. Hull. Four numbers were issued — Feb-
ruary, April, June and August. In a letter to Dr. Geddes M. Scott, published
in the "Homceopathic Examiner" for February, 1841, Dr. Hull says:
" Your course in Scotland is just such as that pursued by the late Dr. Gram
and his friend. Dr. Gray, the first American confessors of homoeopathy. They
continued from 1826 till 1832 to observe a silence on the subject which was
much blamed by the later converts. I was during these years an earnest
student and adherent of the science, and approved their course till the year
1834. when Dr. Gray and myself published the 'American Journal of Homoe-
84 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
opathia.' * '"'" * Our publications ui 1834 were still too early for public
opinion here, but it occurred in 1833 (as it soon may in your city and king-
dom) that imperfectly educated and unscrupulous physicians began to drive
a trade in the new system by a series of mountebank arts. This proceeding
rendered it necessary to forestall the consequences of this flespicable, but cer-
tainly not surprising conduct."
A notable convert of this time was Henry Delavan Paine, a student of
Dr. Hull, father of A. Gerald Hull. Dr. Paine was born in Delhi, Delaware
county. New York, June 19, 1816, and graduated at the College of Physicians
and Surgeons in 1838. While a student in New York he often heard earnest
discussions on homoeopathy between Hull, Gray and others, and determined
after graduation to embrace that system, and for a year devoted himself to
its study, adopted its principles and located at Newburgh-on-the-Hudson. As
a junior student during the cholera epidemic of 1834, he visited the hospitals
and assisted in the care of the patients, and there again had opportunity to
see the beneficial effects of homoeopathic medication in that fatal disease.
While practicing in Newburgh he applied for membership in the Orange
County Medical Society, but his application was refused on the ground " that
he practiced a system of medicine disapproved by the members thereof."
Thus, it became necessary for a practitioner to be a member of the county
society as the course of the Orange county organization was likely to be fol-
lowed by other societies throughout the state for the purpose of checking
the progress of the so-called heresy. It was important to ascertain by a
judicial decision the power of county medical societies to determine the eligi-
bility of any legally authorized practitioner, and Dr. Paine therefore applied
to the Supreme court of the state for a mandamus requiring the Orange
county society to admit him as a member, the validity of his credentials having
been fully conceded. The case was decided by Judge Cowan in favor of the
society, the application being denied. This decision was really favorable to
the cause of homoeopathy, as it led to legislation which repealed many of the
objectionable laws and authorized the formation of homoeopathic societies, with
ail the rights and privileges of the allopathic school ; and it was largely^
through Dr. Paine's efforts and influence that this was accomplished. In
1844 Dr. Vanderburgh addressed a letter to Judge Cowan protesting against
the decision, and entitled it " An Appeal for Homoeopathy." This was pub-
lished in a pamphlet by Radde in 1844. In 1845 ^^- Paine removed from
Newburgh to Albany, where he lived and practiced until 1865, when he re-
turned to New York. He passed the years 1884 to 1886 in Europe and
returning resumed his practice, but on account of ill health gave it up and
devoted himself to literary pursuits. He was a member of the first conven-
tion of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, and held many important
positions in societies, hospitals and colleges. He was a member of the board
of Regents of the University of the State of New York, and also of the first
hoard of state medical examiners. He died at the residence of his son-in-law.
Francis H. Delano, in New York city, June ir, 1893. at the age of scvcntv-
seven years.
Dr. Benjamin C. Dutcher cam.e from Utica to New York citv in 1831.
In 1834 he studied German in order to more thoroughly study homoeonathv.
He practiced for four or five years when he became a dentist. lie died in
Newark. New Jersey, October 20. 1889.
Dr. Clark Wright embraced homoeopathy in 1839. Son of Asahel Wright^
HISTORY OF IIOaIG^OPATHY
85
lie was born at Windsor, Berkshire county, Alassacliusetts, in 1799. He
studied with his brother. Dr. Grin Wrip^ht, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, at-
tended lectures and graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in
New York in 1823. An epidemic of ophthalmia had raged in the Protestant
Half Orphan Asylum from 1838 to 1842. and Dr. Wright prescribed for four
cases. In a month they were well, and he was requested to take charge of all
the cases of the disease. He invited Drs. Parker and Oilman, professors in
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, to examine forty-three cases, and
six weeks afterwards Dr. Parker, finding them cured, pronounced " the suc-
cess of the treatment unprecedented." Dr. Wright was then asked to take
charge of the children having skin diseases, which he did with such good
Walter C. Palmer, M. D.
results that he was invited to take entire medical charge. He died in New
York in March, 1863, aged sixty-four years.
Dr. Alonzo S. Ball became interested in homoeopathy in 1838. He was
born in Keene, New Hampshire, February 11, 1800. When he was two vears
old his parents removed to Lowville, New York, where he was educated.' He
entered the office of Dr. Sylvester Miller at Lowville in 1821, and in 1824
attended lectures at Fairfield Medical College. In 1825 he went to New
York to attend lectures at the College of Phvsicians and Surgeons, but ill
Tiealth mterfered and he took only a partial course. He did not receive a
diploma, but returning to Lowville took a license to practice from the Lewis
County Medical Society, and located at Salina (afterward a part of Svracuse)
He remained there ten years, returning to New York in 1835. Dr. Ball thus
86 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
speaks of this time: " I was a poor man entirely dependent on my own ex-
ertions, with a famdy to provide for, and I came to this city as a sort of
necessity of business. I had some leisure, as you may well understand, and
I had some friends. I had a friend who said to me, ' Doctor, may there not
be some truth in homoeopathy?' I said to him. (he was a clergyman),
' Doctor, it grieves me exceedingly to think that you lend your name to that
humbug.' At the end of three years I came to the conviction that there
might be truth in homoeopathy." In 1838, Dr. Ball was introduced by
his pastor, Rev. Dr. Patton, to Dr. Vanderburgh, the minister's physician.
His friend, Dr. Cook, had given him a book on the new medical idea and had
spoken highly of Dr. Curtis, Gram's student. So Ball went one evening to
visit Curtis. Of this visit he says : " I heard that there was a young man
in the city by the name of Curtis, who was with Gram, an enlightened homoe-
opathist. So I ventured one night, like Nicodemus, to see this young man
and I was interested in him exceedingly. His very presence magnetized me
with the impression that I was in the presence of a man of might ; and he
treated me kindly and I just told him my story that I had a patient that the
doctors could not cure. It was a lady forty years of age, with chronic
laryngitis." Dr. Biall had treated this lady for three months without relief.
Dr. Cook, the consultant, said she could not live two months more and thought
it was a case that would be a good test of the new system. Dr. Curtis saw
the case with him and that the result was doubtful, but Avas willing to try
the new remedies. He prescribed belladonna 2d, twelve pellets in one-third
tumbler of water, a teaspoonful at night and one in the morning. In speaking
of it Dr. Ball said : " On my visit the next day she remarked that she would
take no more of that medicine as it increased her sufferings. I told her to
stop it and without a word 'of encouragement left the house ; indeed I had
been told too often by her that she was worse to feel particularly encouraged
by it. However, I called the next day but one, when she met me at the door
of her room with the astounding declaration^ ' Why, doctor, I don't know but
that I am cured. On the morning following your last visit I found mv throat
better, and from that time it has been improving steadily until it really seems
as if 1 was almost well.' So astonished was I at the statement, not a little
provoked with myself, too, that three or four pellets should have done more
in a few hours for my patient than all my pills, boluses and blisters in six
months ; so astonished was I, that I sat down beside her and entered into a
careful examination of her symptoms which resulted in the conviction that
her statement was true. The improvement continued and she was discharged
entirely cured by the time Dr. Cook had predicted her death." The result of
this and other trials soon made Ball an enthusiastic homoeopathist. He was
one of the original members of the institute. He died at Saratoga. New
York, December 17. i8()3.
Dr. Alfred Freeman was induced bv Dr. Ball to investigate homoeopathy.
He was born in Salem, Washington county. New York, November 6, 1793,
and was a son of Andrew .and Elizabeth Freeman. He studied medicine with
his uncle. Dr. Asa Fitch. While a student he was called on to bear arms at
the battle of Plattsburg. He passed the winters of 1816 and 1817 in New-
York city attending medical lectures, and having graduated he returned to his
native place where he practiced seventeen vears. Tic removed to New York
in 1834 and established himself in a practice which in a few years became
large. He had opposed homoeopathy, as did his professional brethren, but his
HISTORY OF IK ).\l(]-:ol'.\'rilV
87
friend Ball induced liiin to investii^ate, and he became convinced. Dr. Ball,
telling the story, said: " 1 started out and made it my business to tell my
story. I told it to some young men whom I knew and among them Dr. Free-
man. I had great respect tor him as a man who delighted to listen to truth.
I had an appointment to go to the eastern part of the town, and I called at
his house and told him my story. After hearing me he looked at me pitifully
and said, ' Doctor, I should as soon have expected you to become an author.'
'Very like,' said 1, 'nevertheless, I think you will do well to look at it/ and
I left him. And the doctor did look at it and as mui know, became a convert
and went into it with all his heart." It was ])r(il)a' 1\- about the year 1839-
that Dr. Fi-eeman began to investigate the new s\stem. Hq died of paralvsis
March 8, 1861.
A. AicA'ickar, :\
It wai- through b'reeman thai Dr. Henry Gale Dunnell became convinced
of the truth of homcTeopathy. He was born in Albany, New York, September
17, 1804. and graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1826,
in the class with Drs. Gray, Hallock, Joslin and Palmer. While on friendly
terms with the homceopathic physicians and in favor of the public and re-
corded examination and voting with them for it in the New York Medical
Society, of which they were all members, he nevertheless opposed their pe-
culiar beliefs. Dunnell thus tells his own story : " Mv eves were opened, and
it was in this manner: I had a case of puerperal convulsions which came on
several h(jurs after a hard labor with complete exhaustion. It was an un-
usual case: we bled and blistered the patient and went through all the usual
88 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
forms of treatment that we usually used, and still after forty-eight hours had
elapsed no beneficial results occurred. Meanwhile 1 was called into the coun-
try, and just as I was going away the husband came running after me and
wished me to go and see his wife, as she had a return of the convulsions and
more violent than ever. I could not go and was obliged to say so. And when
I returned in two or three days I met a woman I had seen at that house and
asked her as to the result. .She said to me, " Mrs. S. is well, quite well.
When you were unable to come they called in another doctor, Dr. Freeman,
and he gave her something in some water and she never had another convul-
sion.' 1 immediately slipped away to my friend, Dr. Freeman. I knew him to
be a man of truth. I had had frequent intercourse with him and could place
dependence upon his word. I asked Freeman about the matter and he said, ' I
tell you it is true and I advise you to look into it.' ' Do you see proofs of its
truth?' said I. 'Yes,' he replied. He loaned me some books and I went to
reading. I took the matter up very slowly. I had previously held some con-
versation with Dr. Channing, and I had seen him trying fearlessly to cure
cholera in 1832 with his minute doses of camphor, and I was more inclined
to trust my secret with Channing than with my friend. Dr. Gray, for fear he
would laugh at me. It was some time after that before I became a convert.
Dr. Freeman came to the city in 1835 and located on Hudson street. I was
just opposite. As we had leisure and common sympathies, our circumstances
brought us together. Soon after Dr. Freeman moved to the east side, and
I was converted to homoeopathy, and then I wanted to convert the whole pro-
fession." This cure of Dunnell's patient occurred in the early part of 1840.
He continued to practice in New York city until his death, which occurred
September 4, 1868. He was an original member of the American Institute of
HomcBopathy.
Another of the members of this first union was George W. Cook, who
was born at Hyde Park, Dutchess county, New York, May 21, 1806. He
commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Wingfield in Crawford and com-
pleted his term with Dr. Pomeroy White of Hudson. He graduated at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York in 1828, and commenced
practice in Stockport. In 1836 he removed to Hudson and in 1838 began
there the practice of homoeopathy. In May, 1844, he went to New York and
was in partnership with Dr. Channing one year. He then practiced alone
until 1848, when he became partner with Dr. Jacob Beakley, but in the spring
of 1849, '^ii account of ill health, he returned to his brother. Dr. A. P. Cook,
at Hudson, where he died October i, 1850.
Samuel Bancroft Barlow adopted homoeopathy in 1837. He was born
in Granville, Massachusetts, April 10. 1798, After educating himself he
taught school from 1814 to 1817. meanwhile studying history and botanic
medicine. In 1819 he entered the ofiice of Dr. Vincent Holcombe, and two
years later became the student of Dr. Joseph P. Jewett of (iranby, Connecti-
cut, lie graduated from Yale Medical School in 1822. He practiced medi-
cine iii New England until 1834 or 1835, when he went to Florida. Orange
county. New York. As early as 1837 he was openly practicing homoeopathy.
While he was investigating, when there was doubt about a case, he was ac-
customed to write to Hull or Vanderlnngh or Curtis for advice. He removed
to New York in 1841. In 1863 li^ became professor of materia medica in
the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, retaining that position for
eight years. In 1850 he imported some of the woorara poison from South
HISTORY OT- Hr).Ma-:OPATHY
89
America, and was successful in usin<^ it in ])aralytic cases. In July, 1868, he
was sunstruck, was sick for four years, and then retired from active practice.
He died February 27, 1876.
Among the physicians belonging to the second epoch of homoeopathy who
were influential in its growth in New York, may be mentioned Dr. Benjamin
Franklin Bovvers, born in Billerica, Mass., in 1796; graduated at Yale in
1819; formed a partnership with Dr. B. F. Joslin in New York in 1837; was
appointed phxsician to the New York Dispensary, but in 1839 was expelled for
investigating homeopath}-. In 1847 'i^ became physician to the Half Orphan
Asvlum in New York, retaining the position for many years. A remarkable
mental feat of this man was that when nearly eighty years old, at the tune
of the appointment of a state board of medical examiners by the regents of
the tmiversity, he voluntarily entered upon a thorough review of all the de-
partments of medical science, with a view of presenting himself as a candidate
for a state degree. He passed a rigid examination, much to the great aston-
ishment and admiration of the examiners, and was the first successful can-
didate for that distinction. His death occurred
a few weeks afterwards, on February 7, 1875.
Dr. Zina Harris was born in \'ermont in
1792. About 1840 he was practici.ng homoeop-
athy in New York city. In 1842 he had an
ofifice in Canal street, near Laight street, and
Avas then a homoeopathist. He was eccentric
and reticent, and little is known of his birth
and education. He died in Brooklyn, x'Xpril 30,
1859. of apoplexy, and was buried in Green-
wood cemetery.
Dr. Richard M. Bollcs was born Septem-
ber 16, 1797, at Hudson, New York. He
studied with Dr. White of Hudson and was
licensed to practice about 1818 by the medical
society of Columbia county. He received a
diploma from the medical college at Pittsfield,
Massachusetts, in 1832. He practiced for a
time with his preceptor and then went to Delhi.
New York. _ He returned to New York city in 1824 and in 1832 married a
Miss Hodgkinson. Dr. 13olles formed an acquaintance with Channing prior to
1840. A personal observation of Qianning's successful treatment led him to
make experiments for himself with homoeopathic medicines. In 1841 he declared
Iiis belief and ever afterward practiced homoeopathv. He studied the Materia
Medica Pura in the German, and used as a constant handbook Jahr's Manual,
in French, lor which he prepared a synoptical index. He also wrote a poetic
description of chest pains and their remedies, and a tabulation of Boenning-
Iiausen's " Pocket Book." He died in New York, August 9. 1865.
Dr. Walter C. Palmer was born in New Jersey, Februarv 9. 1804. In
1826 he graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. In 1827 he mar-
ried Phoebe Wcrrall and located in New York city. Soon after Ball's con-
version to homoeopathy, he met Palmer at a religious meeting held at the
house of the latter. After the meeting they were introduced, when Ball men-
tioned homoeopath}-, to which Palmer replied that when he adopted such a
system his friends might consider him a fit subject for a lunatic asvlum. In
F. Jos
M. D.
i>0 . HISTORY OF HOM GEO PATH Y
1840 Palmer had a case of hip disease that baffled the skill of many physicians
and was ni>t improving. He then asked Ball for a homoeopathic prescription
for the patient, and was surprised and disappointed that the invalid began to
improve after the first dose. Thinking the case really resulted from the effect
of the previous medicine and not from the homoeopathic prescription, he tried
a homceopathic remedy in a case of diarrhoea, expecting to prove its fallacy,
but the patient was cured and he was compelled to acknowledge the truth of
the system of Hahnemann, and practiced it for eighteen years, until 1858,
wdien he retired. He was an institute member of 1846. He died ]u\\ 20,
1883.
Dr. John Augustus AIcA^ickar was born in Schenectady, New York, June
16, 1812, graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1833, and
was the first professor of obstetrics in the medical department of the New
York University. He became interested in homoeopathy in 1841, through Dr.,
Zina Harris, and acknowledged that it was a principle in medicine, but not
an exclusive medical system. He died January 29, 1892.
Dr. Benjamin Franklin Joslin was born at Exeter, Rhode Island, Novem-
ber 25, 1796. When a boy he gave up his interest in his patrimony to be
allowed to spend his time in study. For several years he taught and studied,
and graduated at Union College in 1821 ; studied medicine in Nev*^ York,
graduating from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1826. He then
took the professorship of chemistry and natural sciences in a polytechnic
school at Chittenango, where he practiced and lectured one year. In January,"
1827, he took the chair of mathematics and natural philosophy in Union Col-
lege, which he held ten years. In 1835 he removed' to New York and gave
up part of his college duties in order to devote himself to practice. For some
years he gave lectures on anatomy and physiology with dissections. Dr.
Bowers, who wrote an extended biography of Joslin, published in the " Trans-
actions of the New York State Homoeopathic Medical Society " for 1863,
says: " In 1837 ^^^ resigned his professorship, formed a partnership with the
writer and removed to New York. His scientific reputation had preceded
him and led to his appointment in 1838 to the chair of mathematics and nat-
ural philosophy in the University of the City of New York, which he held
until 1844. In 1839 I was led to examine and adopt homoeopathy. In 1840
our partnership was dissolved. Dr. Joslin was prejudiced against homoe-
opathy, and was not convinced by my experience. I assured him that he
could soon be convinced of its truth, and that the easiest way of testing it
was to try it on himself. A physician of his acquaintance, having published an
attack on homceopathy, wrote to Dr. Joslin for his opinion of the system,,
intending to publish it. Dr. Joslin was unwilling to publish an opinion which
was not founded on a knowledge of the subject and determined to make
practical experiment. ' I took,' he says, ' the third attenuation of a medicine
and avoiding the study of its alleged symptoms as recorded in books, I made
a record of all the new symptoms which I experienced. When this record
was completed I examined a printed list of symptoms and was surprised to
find a remarkable coincidence betwceen them and those I had experienced." "
Dr. Joslin tried other ex]:)eriments to convince himself of the scientific cer-
tainty of the homceopathic provings, and was finally obliged to admit their
truth. This was in 1842, after sixteen years of allopathic practice. Joslin
for thirtv vears made dailv meteorological observations. He wrote manv
HISTORY (J]/ HUMCEUPATHY
91
important scientific and medical essavs. He died of paralysis December 31^
1861.
Dr. George Elislia Ikdcher was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, Febru-
ary 7, 1818. He graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in
1839, and practiced with his father several years. Hearing casually of homce-
opathy, he decided to investigate its merits. He procured a copy of Hahne-
mann's Organon and the Allentown Jahr, which he read, and then experi-
mented with homoeopathic remedies. The result was that in 1844 he em-
braced homoeopathy. He was a leading figure among the homoeopathic phy-
sicians of New Y'ork for many years. He died of pleuro pneumonia compli-
cated with chronic asthma, November i. 1890.
Dr. Edward r>ayard was born in Wilmington, Delaware, March 6, 1806.
Lewis Hallock. ^I. D.
He studied law in Canandaigua. New York, and was admitted to the bar.
He then studied medicine, graduating from the medical department of New
York University in 1845. ^^ hile studying law in Seneca Falls he practiced
homoeopathy as a layman, and introduced it in that vicinity. He died October
28, 1889. For many years he practiced in New York city.
Dr. Walter Stewart was a graduate of the College of Physicians and
Surgeons of New York in 1848. He was a pupil of Gray and also of Car-
nochan and was a man of superior education, fine talents, and a surgeon of
rare ability. He practiced in New York city. He died of consumption in
Natchez. Mississippi, in August, 1863, aged about forty-one years.
Dr. Lewis Hallock was born in New Y'ork, June 30, 1803. He studied
92
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
at Clinton University, commenced the study of medicine with a relative, Dr.
Lewis Hallock of Southhold. and a year after returned to New York and
•entered the office of Dr. John W. Francis, professor of obstetrics in the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, where he graduated in 1826. In this class
were four others v/ho afterward became homoeopathists : Gray, Joslin, Dun-
iiell and Palmer. Hallock had practiced allopathy for fifteen years when he
was induced to try homceopathic remedies in a case, with the result that he
Ijecame convinced of the truth of homoeopathy and an avowed practitioner of
it. He joined the institute m 1846. He died March 3, 1897, in New York
city, where he had practiced seventy-five years, having reached the great
age of ninety-four.
Dr. James M. Qum was born m New York in 1806. He graduated with
P. P. Wells, M. D.
honors from Columbia College, and afterwards was professor of Latin and
Greek in that institution. He studied medicine with Hosack, but after prac-
ticing allopathy for several years embraced the method of Hahnemann. To
thoroughly master its principles he studied German and French. He became
well known as a specialist in diseases of the throat and chest. He also was
an accomplished musician and instrumental in promoting musical progress.
He died March 26, 1868.
Dr. John Taylor was born in Hallowell (or .Augusta), Maine, in March',
1802, and graduated in New York. He was converted to homoeopathy by
Dr. Caleb Ticknor. He removed from New York to Ann Arbor, Michigan,
and from there went to Rochester, New York, succeeding Dr. Bieglcr. He
began to practice homoeo])athy in Ann Arbor, probably in 1844 or 1845. ^^
finally located in New York, where he died, April 5. 1850.
HISTORY OF HO^rCF.OPATHY 93-
Dr. Pliineas Parkhurst Wells was born in Hopkinton, New Hampshire,
in 1808, and was the son of Dr. Thomas G. Wells. In youth he worked as a
printer, but decided to study medicine, working at his " case " during the
daytime, rising at four in the morning and reading late at night at his medical
studies. He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1833. He began practice in Rox-
bury, Massachusetts, where he remained until 1839. when, impaired in health,
he went to Cincinnati, Ohio. Afterward he located in Providence, Rhode
Island, where he was first interested in homoeopathy through Dr. A. H. Okie.
He studied German in order to understand homoeopathy. About this time he
became acquainted wath Dr. Wesselhoeft, who had recently removed to Boston
from Philadelphia, and who gave him a letter of introduction to Hering. He
visited him, and Hering turned the key of his office door, refusing to see any
more patients that day, and they talked until the next morning at four o'clock.
Wells found the knowledge he sought in the conversation of Hering. In
December, 1843, '""^ located in Brooklyn, where he practiced until his death,
November 22, 1891. He was one of the stalwarts of Hahnemannian homoe-
opathy.
M . HISTORY OF HO^ICEOPATHY
CHAPTER V
HOMOEOIWTHV IN NEW YORK (CONTINUED)
Outspreading of the Homceopathic Doctrine from New York City Into the Several
Counties of the State — The Pioneers and Their Trials and Triumphs — Reminiscences
and Si<etches.
While the doctrine of Hahnemann was becoming adopted by so many of
the best known physicians in New York city, the progress of the system was
also rapid in other parts of the state, especially in Northern New York.
In 1833 Dr. Joseph Birnstill, who had been converted to homoeopathy in
Germany by Dr. Griesselich, came to America, reaching New York in May.
He soon went to Dunkirk, Chautauqua county, and attempted to prac-
tice the new system. At that time the name of homoeopathy was hardly known
in the county. Dr. Birnstill could converse only in German and hardly a
person in the county could speak that language, but notwithstanding these
difficulties he made some cures in chronic cases. In about eight months he
went to Westfield, in the same county. He gradually acquired a knowledge
of English and an increase in practice, but meeting with little sympathy from
other physicians he went to Buffalo. In a few months he returned to West-
field. When he applied for membership in the Chautauqua County Medical
Society with authentic evidence of having received the degree of doctor of
medicine, he was rejected solely on account of his medical practice. He was
so embarrassed by his ignorance of English and by his foreign birth, and by
the ridicule of the physicians, that he finally went to Erie, Pennsylvania, in
1839, thence to Massillon, Ohio, and from there to Worcester, Massachusetts.
He practiced in Worcester three years and in 1847 went to Boston, and in
1849 to Newton Corners, where he died in 1867.
As early as November, -1837, Dr. Augustus Philip Biegler began practice
in Albany. In 1838 he was admitted to membership in the medical society
of the city and county of New York. In the spring of 1840 he went to
Schenectady, being the pioneer there, and in the autumn of the same year
located at Rochester. Later, in 1840, Dr. Biegler visited Hahnemann in Paris.
He returned to Rochester, where he remained until his death in 1849. ^^
1838 Dr. Biegler was partner with Dr. Rosenstein in Albany.
Dr. Emanuel Sieze opened ati office in Hudson, Columbia county, pre-
vious to 1839, and during that year went to Albany. It is said he was instru-
mental in persuading Dr. Biegler to leave Germany for America, and that they
journeyed together. Dr. Charles Frederick Hoffendahl, coming to this coun-
try in 1837, after remaining three years in Philadelphia, located at Albany in
1840.
As earlv as 1835 or 183c) houKeoiiathy was mtrt^duced into Dutchess cntnitv
by a practitioner who went from Albanv to Clinton to attend a case of chronic
rheumatism. However, Dr. Federal Vanderburgh was the real pioneer in
this county, locating at Rhinebeck in 1843. Soon after he settled there he
HISTORY OF HOMa-:OPATHY 95
induced Dr. A. Hall of Fishkill to adopt the new method. About this period
one Dr. Formes introduced homoeopathy in Poughkeepsie.
Dr. Vanderburgh also converted the Rev. James Lillie to homoeopathic
belief. This was in 1840. Dr. Lillie had studied in the University of Edin-
burgh, a part of the time in the medical department, and as he had acquired a
taste for medicine he was easily induced to investigate homceopathy and be-
came convinced of its truth. Dr. Lillie in his pastoral visits was wont some-
times to prescribe, though reluctantly, for the temporal welfare of his flock.
His custom was to take the Materia Medica Pura (Jourdan's French transla-
tion) with him to the bedside. In 1842 he went to New York and was regu-
larly graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons. He afterward
went to Toronto, Canada.
The pioneer in Chenango county was Dr. Caspar Bruchhausen, who lo-
cated in Green in 1842. He was born August 25. 1806, in Frankfort-on-the-
Main, received a classical education and became a literary man. In the spring
of 1836 he came to America and was employed by George Wesselhoeft of
Philadelphia, who imported and dealt in books and homoeopathic medicines,
and also published a German newspaper. He thus became acquainted with
Hering, Green, Humphrey. Matlack and other early homoeopathic practi-
tioners. Among them was Dr. Charles F. Hoffendahl, from Berlin. Prussia,
who befriended Bruchhausen and under his encouragement and tuition the
latter commenced the study of medicine. In 1839 he went with him to Al-
bany, where Dr. Hoffendahl entered practice. He afterward studied in Hud-
son, New York, with Dr. George W. Cock. Ill healthy caused him to relin-
quish graduation and for a time he devoted himself to literature. In 1842,
learning of an opening for a homoeopathic physician in Chenango county, one
of the then recently settled counties of New York, he located at Green. In
Mav, 1843, he went to Oxford, remaining there five years, and in 1848 set-
tled permanently in Norwich. He died December 28, 1891.
In 1836 Dr. Martin Freligh, of Saugerties, Ulster county, became inter-
ested in homoeopathy. He visited Vanderburgh in New York and was sent
to Channing, who gave him his first instructions in homoeopathic medication.
Dr. Freligh left Ulster county, going to Rhinebeck, Dutchess county. In
1841 Dr. Garrett D. Crispell investigated the subject. He had been ah old
school practitioner for eighteen years.
Homoeopathy was introduced into Auburn, Cayuga county, by Horatio
Robinson, who was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1804. He graduated at
the Berkshn-e Medical School and commenced practice at the age of twenty-
one. For the next twelve years he resided at Stonington, Connecticut, after
which he went to Yates county, New York, where he remained four years
and then settled in Auburn. While living in Y^ates county he became ac-
quainted with Mr. Bayard of Seneca Falls, afterwards Dr. Bayard of New
York, who was then testing the merits of the homoeopathic system. This
was Dr. Robinson's first mtroduction to homoeopathy. He, like others, be-
came convinced only after practical demonstration. When he located in Au-
burn in May, 1841, he formed a partnership with Dr. Humphrey, who was
physician to the hospital of Auburn state prison, and who was ignorant of his
partner's change of medical faith. The day after he arrived Dr. Humphrey
took him to see a case and the next day went to New York, leaving Rob-
inson to attend the business. The patient had been sick for seven weeks, and
had been seen by two allopathic physicians in consultation. Dr. Robinson
96
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
treated t\v.s case secretly and successfully with homoeopathic medicines, and
the result caused the new system to he favorably received. Soon afterward
cholera broke out in the prison, and Dr. Robinson at Dr. Humphrey's request
treated certain cases with' arsenic and veratrum, and with marked success. In
Jul}-. 1841, Dr. Robinson w^as called to Throopsville to see a patient for Dr.
JMcCarthy, who was anxious to observe the effect of the homoeopathic reme-
dies. The success in the case was so complete that he began to investigate,
only to become convinced and soon to adopt the new system. Dr. McCarthy
was the second convert to homoeopathy in Cayuga county. He afterward
W'cnt to Utica.
The Old school opposition to homoeopathy was malignant and even threat-
ened prosecution, and in order to test the matter Mr. Peterson of Springport,
a lawyer, supplied himself with homoeopathic books and medicines and began
practice, visiting patients and taking fees, without having a diploma. Suit
was brought, trial followed, and the jury brought in a verdict of three-
quarters of a cent for the plaintiff, and at the same time donated their fees
•to the defendant. Dr. Robinson practiced for many years and died July 28,
1889. It is said that his homoeopathic (mtfit con-
sisted of a small paper box, in which were eleven
vials of homoeopathic pellets, each vial about the
dfameter of a goose cjuill, and one and a half inches
in length ; also a copy of Epps' " Domestic Homoe-
()]iathy." It is said that Auburn prison was the
first public institution in which homoeopathy was
introduced.
Dr. W. W. Alley, contemporary with Robin-
son, lived to be the oldest homoeopathic physician
in the world, having practiced for sixtv-five years.
Me was l)orn in 1802 in Sullivan county. New
"^'ork. and died at Moravia, New York, January
24. 1802.
Dr. Harvey Hull Cator introduced homceopathy
into ( )nondaga county, locating in Syracuse in
1842. He was born in Roxbury, Delaware county,
New York. July 12, 1815, and graduated from the Geneva Medical College
in 1840. In 1 84 1 he commenced the practice of allopathy at Moravia, Cayuga
county. His attention was first called to homoeopathy by Dr. Robinson of
Auburn. His own wife was cured by homoeopathic medicines after being
given up by the allopathic physicians and he was led to adopt the new medical
system. Syracuse seemed to be a favorable field in which to begin the new
practice and he located there in 1842. He remained for several years. A
notable circumstance of his sojourn was that he published there the " Homoeo-
pathic Pioneer," a scientific and practical journal of homoeopathy. Twelve
numbers were issued, July, 1845, to June, 1846. It was a small quarto of
sixteen pages. Dr. L. M. Tracy was associated with Dr. Cator in this venture.
The latter was compelled on account of his wife's health to leave Syracuse in
1846, at which time he went west, opening an ofifice in Milwaukee with Dr.
Tracy. He subsequently returned to New York and in 1874, after living in
several places, opened an office in Camden, New Jersey, where he died Feb-
ruary 21, 1882. In 1852 there were but five homoeopathic physicians in Syra-
Horatio Koliinson, '\\. 1).
HISTORY OF HOMCEOi'ATllV • 97
cuse; in 1857, seven; in 1870, eleven; in 1880, seventeen; in 1890, twenty-
one; in 1899, thirty, and in 1904, thirty-one.
The first practitioner of homojopathy in Rensselaer county was Dr. F. S.
Field, a graduate of Knigs College Hospital, London, an accomplished man,
but being unknown and advocating a new doctrine, he was unable to support
himself and left after two years. This was in 1839 or 1840. He was ac-
quainted Vv^ith Drs. Richard S. Bryan and Richard Bloss and furnished
them wath the translation of Jahr's Manual, then lately published. Bloss
openlv adopted homoeopathy in 1841, being influenced by witnessing several
remarkable cures. In 1852 there were in Troy but three homoeopathists. Drs.
Bryan, Bloss and Simeon A. Cook; in 1857 there were four; in 1870, eleven;
in 1880, thirteen; in 1890, eleven; in 1899, ten.
In 1842 Dr. Daniel Starkweather Kimball, who had been for some years
practicing allopathy at Sackett's Harbor, Jefferson county, declared his belief
in homoeopathy. He was born in Charlestown, iMontgomery county. New York,
January 7, 1806, and was in part educated at '
Auburn Theological Seminary. In 1824 he com-
menced the study of medicine under Dr. Joseph F.
Pitney, of AulDurn. He graduated at Fairfield ^
Medical School in 1828, and settled at Sackett's
Harbor. When Dr. Kimball adopted homoeopathy
he was the only practitioner of that school within
an area of eightv miles. He died December 12,
1882.
Dr. George W. Cook introduced homoeopathy
into Columbia county in 1838. He was born at
Hyde Park, Dutchess county, ^lay 21, 1806, and
studied medicine with Dr. Winfield of Crawford,
Orange countv, and with Dr. Pomeroy White, of
Hudson. He graduated at the College of
Physicians and Surgeons of New York in 1828, H. C. Hubbard, :m. I).
and settled in Stockport, Columbia county,
remaining there until 1836, when he located at Hudson. He began practice
in 1838, two years after he had located in the town. In 1844 he removed to
New York. His health failed and after short partnerships with Qianning
and Beakley he returned to Hudson, where he died October i, 1849.
Dr. Henry C. Hubbard was the pioneer of homoeopathy in Cortland
county, and practiced many years in the town of Scott. He was born in
Berlin, Rensselaer county, March 24, 1810, and died in Scott, March 22, 1867.
In 1842 Dr. W'iilis R. Browne, after practicing allopathy for five years, read
the Organon, became convinced of its truth, and began the practice of homoeo-
pathy. In a letter written about that time he says : " For about five years
previously I had practiced on the principles of the old school under a diploma
from the professors of one of the colleges, but I can distinctly see that my
knowledge of the art of healing commenced with my acquaintance with that
invaluable book."
To Dr. Nash Hull W^arner is due the honor of having introduced homoe-
opathy into Erie county. Dr. W^arner was born in Plymouth, Connecticut,
January 14, 1808, graduated from Yale Medical School in 1831. and com-
menced practice in A'an Dusenville, Mass., w'here he remained until 1836,
when he went to Euft'alo. Early in 1844 he became impressed with the triith
98 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
of homoeopathy, and in his diary under date of February 6, of that year, is
the following note : " This day I have made my first purely homoeopathic
prescription," The next year he fully adopted the system. At that time there
were but one or two homoeopathic physicians in Western New York, and Dr.
Warner was the victim of the most bitter opposition from his former col-
leagues. During the prevalence of cholera in 1849, ^^e fully demonstrated
the efficacy of the doctrine of Hahnemann. He practiced in Buffalo for-
many years, and died June 24, i860.
Dr. Charles A. Stevens practiced homoeopath}' in Buffalo as early as
1844. In 1852 there were six homoeopathic physicians in Buffalo; in 1857,
ten; in 1870, fifteen; in 1880, twenty-six; in 1890, fifty-six; in 1899, forty-
nine; and in 1904, forty-six.
In Herkimer county Dr. Nathan Spencer, born in Sangerfield, Oneida
•county, March 29, 1809, was the pioneer of homoeopathy. He read medicine
with Dr. Eli G. Bailey of Brookfield, Madison county, remaining with him
until the spring of 1834. During this time he attended three full courses of
lectures, one in Castleton, Vt., and two in Fairfield, Herkimer county, where
he graduated. He began practice at Winfield a short time after becoming a
member of the county society. Being of liberal mind, he began to investigate
homoeopathy about 1846, and was summoned before the bar of trial of the
■county society, expelled, and the records of the action were published in the
county papers. But Dr. Spencer defended the system splendidly, and con-
fessed to but one dereliction of duty, that, having by his agreement to the
by-laws promised to make progress in the healing art, he had failed in not
long before telling the society of his success with homoeopathic medicines.
He practiced in Winfield with excellent success, and died there December 7,
Dr. Erasmus Darwin Jones introduced homoeopathy in Essex county in
1844. He was born in Upper Jay, Essex county, September 10, 1818; was
graduated from the Albany Medical College in 1841, and at once began prac-
tice at Keeseville. In 1844 he adopted homoeopathy in his practice. In 1846
he went to Albany, where he resided for many years.
Dr. Ira Adams, an old school physician of Lowville, became dissatisfied
with allopathy and through the influence of friends adopted the homoeopathic
system. He had been practicing for thirty years and was the first homoeo-
pathic practitioner in Lewis county. He died in 1856.
In 1843 Dr. Chauncey M. Dake introduced homoeopathy into Livingston
county. He was the son of Dr. Jabez Dake, of Nunda, and was born Decem-
ber I, i8t6. He attended medical lectures at Geneva, but was obliged to
discontinue his studies in 1836, and began to practice under a state license.
He was converted to homoeopathy by his brother-in-law, Dr. H. Hull Cator,
in 1 84 1. While at Rushville he suffered with inflammatory rheumatism, and
becoming steadily worse called in Dr. Cator. who relieved and cured him
with homoeopathic treatment. When he recovered he procured homoeopathic
books and medicines and soon accepted the truth of the " little pills." In
1843 ^""c located at Gcneseo. He practiced for a time at Pittsburgh, Pa.. Imt
finally retired to a farm near Rochester, N. Y., where he died July 15, 1872.
in the spring of 1840 Dr. Robert Rossman removed from Hudson to
Brooklyn, where he was the first to raise the standard of homoeopathy. He
remained alone there for three years ^vhen he formed a partnership with Dr.
Aaron Cooke Hull, then of New York citv. Four or five months after Dr.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 99
l^ossman settled in the city, Dr. David Baker commenced practice there, and
to their earnest efforts the great success of the system of Hahnemann in
Brooklyn was larg^ely due. Dr. Rossman was born in Claverack, Columbia
county, October i8, 1807. He graduated from the College of Physicians and
Surgeons of New York, and located at Hudson, Columbia county, where he
became a convert to homoeopathy in 1839. He lived in Brooklyn until his
death, December 25, 1859.
The hi3tory of homoeopathy in Kings county is practically included in
that of Brooklyn. In 1852 there were the following practitioners of homoe-
opathy in that city : George R. Beebe, Abraham C. Burke, Joel Bryant, Car-
roll Dunham, Samuel Smith Guv, Charles Julius Hempel, Aaron Cooke Hull,
O. R. King. Edwin Albert Lodge, Reuben Curtis Moffatt, George V. New-
comb, J. R. Orton, Robert Rossman, C. D. Rossiter, Phineas Parkhurst Wells,
In 1857 the homoeopathic physicians there were D. Baker, J. Barker, J. B.
Bennett, Joel Brvant, Abraham C. Burke, J. Pitman Dinsmore, S. B. "Doty,
J. Duffin, Carroll Dunham, Joseph Bailev Elliott. Bernhard Fincke, H. S.
Gilbert, Samuel Smith Guy. S. H. Hanford, William H. Hanford, Aaron
Cooke Hull. Edwin Albert Lodge, Benjamin Clasby Macy, H. May, Henry
Minton, Reuben Curtis Moffatt. George V. Newcomb, William L. R. Per-
rine. Edward T. Richardson, M. A. Richter, Robert Rossman, John Gaul Ross-
man, Dr. Saltzweidel, Dr. Stamm, John Turner, James H. Ward, J. I. Watson,
Phineas Parkhurst Wells, Albert Wright, William Wright. J. Young.
In 1870 there were sixty-seven practitioners in Brooklyn; in 1880. one
hundred and twenty-nine; in 1892, two hundred and one; in 1904, one hun-
dred and seventy-six. Dr. Charles Harvey Hadley practiced at Blyther-
bourne. Dr. Robert Boocock at Flatbush and Dr. John C. Robert at New
LTtrecht.
In New York city in 1852 there were the following homoeopathic practition-
ers : James H. Allen, .Moses Anderson, H. D. Appleton, Alonzo S. Ball. Samuel
Bancroft Barlow, E. H. Bartlett, Edward Bayard, George Beaklev, Jacob Beak-
ley. George Elisha Belcher, H. W. Bell, T. J. Blakeney, Richard Montgomery
Bolies. Benjamin Franklin Bowers, Josiah Bowers, Edward V. Brown, Wil-
liam Channing, Eliza D. Cook, J. Croffut. Joseph Thomas Curtis, H. G. Doyle,
Henry Gale Dunnell, Benjamin C. Dutcher. Joseph T. Evans, Alfred Free-
man. Martin Freligh, John Franklin Gray, Egbert Guernsey, Lewis Hallock,
Benjamin Franklin Joslin, Edwin Merritt Kellogg, C. Kiersted, Hudson Kins-
ley. Stephen Reynolds Kirby, J. F. Mahon, Erastus Edgerton Marcy, Dr.
Morton. James Mairs, M. J. Mayer. H. G. McGonegal, Robert McMurray,
John Augustus McVickar, James Whiting Metcalf, Walter C. Palmer. Miles
Weslev Palmer, John C. Peters, James M. Ouin, A. Reisig, S. E. Shepherd.
Hunting Sherriii, Daniel E. Stearns, W. Stewart. John L, Sullivan. Federal
Vanderburgh, Lewis T. Warner, J. Westcott, Edwin West, E. G. Wheeler,
Ferdinand Little Wilsey. Abraham Durve?. Wilson, J. D. Worrall. Clark
W^right. In 1857 New York city contained ninety-three homoeopatbic prac-
titioners; in 1870, one hundred and forty-eight; in 1880. two hundred and
live; in 1890, four hundred and thirty-nine; in 1904. three hundred and
twentv-two.
Homoeopathy was introduced into Queens county by Dr. Spaulding, who
settled in Flushing in 1825 as an allopathic physician, and who embraced homoe-
opathv in 1839. He left Flushing in 1844.
The pioneer in ^lonroe county was Dr. Augustus Philip Biegler, who
00 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
went from Albany to Rochester in 1840. In 1852 there were ten homoeopathic
physicians m Rochester; in 1857 there were thirteen; in 1870, seventeen; in
1880, twenty-five; in 1890, fifty-two, and in 1899, sixty-three. In 1904 there
are recorded seventy-one.
About 1845 ^1'- Ezekiel Lovejoy, then located at Owego, the county seat
of Tioga county, introduced the new system to his patients. He had begun
practice as an allopathic physician at Owego in 1828. While visiting a sister
his attention was called to homoeopathy. He met Dr. Granger in New York
and tested its truth, and on his return home he adopted it in practice. He
was born at Stratford, Conn., July 6, 1803, and died in 1871.
' In the winter of 1843-44 Dr. Erastus Humphreys opened an office in
Utica for the practice of homoeopathy. He had been previously in practice
in Auburn where, in 1840, through the instrumentality of Dr. Horatio Robin-
son, who had recently become his partner, he was converted to a belief in
homoeopathy. He was an important acquisition, being one of the prominent
medical men of the vicinity, physician to the Auburn state prison, and having
great social influence. In 1842 he went to Syracuse where he practiced for a
year and a half, and where he was joined by Dr. H. Hull Cator, having been
the first to open an office in Onondaga county. In the fall of 1843 1"'g went
to Utica, being the pioneer both in the city of Utica and of Oneida county.
Dr. Humphreys remained in practice in Utica until 1847, when he went to
New York, leaving his son, Dr. Frederick Humphreys, who later became the
proprietor of " Humphreys' Specifics," and Dr. Samuel Stewart, to succeed
him. In New York he endeavored to found a homoeopathic hospital, but he
was prostrated by a sunstroke, from which he never recovered. He died on
March 14, 1848. He was born in Canton in 1784 and received his diploma
from the State Medical Society of Connecticut at Hartford in 1808. He
practiced with Dr. Everest for two years, when he went to Marcellus, Onon-
daga county, where he remained until 1823, when he went to Auburn.
Dr. Erastus A. Munger of Waterville, Oneida county, in the summer of
1843 went to New York for the purpose of learning something of the new
system. While there he became acquainted with Drs. Gray, Freeman, Bayard
and Kirby, purchased Jahr's New Manual and other homoeopathic books and
a supply of medicines, and on his return began the practice of homoeopathy.
At this time there was no other homoeopathic physician in the county or nearer
than Syracuse.
Dr. Leverett Bishop acquired an understanding of homoeopathy from the
Babcock brothers and Dr. Douglass of Hamilton, Madison county, in the
winter of 1843-44. Dr. Erastus Humphreys furnished him with his first outfit
of homceopathic medicines, and with Hull's Jahr and Organon.
The Central New York Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized
at Utica in June, 1849, '^"*^^ was a means of union of the homoeopathic physi-
cians in the vicinity, and also the cause of rapid growth of the system. This
was called the " Syracuse and Utica Convention of Homoeopathic Physicians."
The first informal meeting was held in Utica, September 13, 1849. The fol-
lowing persons signed their names to the constitution at a meeting held at
Utica, January 16, 1850: Drs. A. L. Kellogg. Bridgewater; S. W. Stewart,.
Utica ; Silas Bailey, Brookfield ; Leverett Bishop. Sauquoit : N. Stebbins, Clin-
ton ; Erastus A. Munger, Waterville ; Lucian B. Wells, Pompey : Daniel S.
Kimball, Sackett's Harbor; Daniel Barker, ]\fa<lison; Frederick Humphreys,,
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 101
Utica; Jonas C. Raymond, W'aterville ; Jesse M. Peak, Cooperstown ; Jere-
miah Green, Hamilton ; H. R. Foote, Utica.
It is probable that Dr. Louis A. Morgan was the pioneer homoeopath
in Cattaraugus county, as he was in Chautauqua county. He was born March
20, 1801, at West Sprmgfield, Mass. He attended the Berkshire Medical
College and studied with a number of distinguished physicians. When he
married Cornelia Spellman in 1826, they took a wedding trip of fifteen hun-
dred miles through New York and Pennsylvania, during which Dr. Morgan,
the groom, gave lectures on the sciences. He had graduated from Williams
College in 1828, and for a time was a teacher. In 1845 ^^^^ attention was
directed to homoeopathy and he became convinced of its truth. Previous to
that he had been ordained in the ministry and had labored in Western New
York as missionary and physician to the poor. He was called to the church
in Conewango, Chautauqua county, and practiced medicine there for six years,
the only homoeopathist in the region. About 185 1 he removed to Gowanda,
where he had to combat the opposition of three allopaths and three eclectics.
He remained there six years, but a disastrous fire impoverished him. He
then went to Buffalo, where his wife died. After a year spent in Illinois, he
returned east and opened an office in Hornellsville, "Steuben county, and re-
mained there five years, after which he resided in Conewango. In Allegheny
county the homoeopathic pioneers were Drs. John H. Thorp, Washington Irv-
ing Wellman, Samuel Smith Allen, Llewellyn D. Farnham, Dr. Hayes, Syl-
vester Pelton and W. S. Todd, Sr.
In Niagara county the pioneer was Dr. Franklin L. Knapp, who was
born in Pembroke, Genesee county, September 22, 1817; educated at Geneva
Medical College and graduated in 1845. At a public debate between Dr.
Williams, a homoeopathic physician of Geneva, and Professor Thomas Spen-
cer of the college. Dr. Knapp was so impressed with the arguments in favor
of homoeopathy that he decided to investigate its claims. He sought out Dr.
Williams at his office and soon became convinced that there was indeed a
specific law governing the remedial action of medicinal drugs. He at once
commenced the study of homoeopathy in the office of Dr. Matthews, of Roch-
ester. He afterward was associated with Dr. C. M. Dake at Geneseo. Called
by his father's health to Gasport, he established himself there as a homoeo-
pathic physician in 1846. Dr. David Fowler Bishop commenced the practice
of homoeopathy in Lockport iii 1850.
The pioneers in Broome county were Drs. Titus Lonson Brown, Dr.
Brownson, Dr. Covert, E. Ely, T. Mather, Ira W. Peabody, Stephen D. Hand,
A. A. Witherill. Dr. C. F. Harris introduced homoeopathy into Binghamton
in the spring of 1847. I" 1853 there were four homoeopathists practicing in
that city.
The introduction of homoeopathy into Schuyler county w'as due to Dr.
Richard Huson, then living in the village of Dundee in the adjoining county
of Yates. His professional duties frequently brought him into the northern
and middle towns of the countv, and where in connection with his practice he
gave frequent lectures on homceopathv at school houses. Thus the knowledge
spread rapidly through the neighboring towns. Dr. Edwdn W. Lewis com-
menced to practice at Watkins in 1846, at which time there were but two fam-
ilies there who acknowledged their belief in homoeopathy.
In Delaware county the first practitioner of homoeopathy was Dr. Liverus
B. Hawley, who was born in Delaware county, August 22, 1828. He served
102 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
in the Mexican war and was discharged and pensioned on account of a wound,
received in battle. In 1849 ^^^ commenced the study of medicine and grad-
uated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1853. He
at once located at Delhi, Delaware county, but in 1855 removed to Phoenix-
ville, Pa., where he resided until his death, March 20, i8$o.
Dr. Jesse Temple Hotchkiss introduced homoeopathy into Orange county,,
beginning its practice in 1851 at Blooming Grove. He was a graduate of the
University of Pennsylvania in 1842. He practiced in Monroe, Blooming
Grove and Cornwall. He died at Cornwall, June 11, 1886.
In 1850 Dr, Reuben Curtis Mofi'at introduced homoeopathy into Suffolk
county, being called to see a case of consumption. In 185 1 Dir. Burke of
Brooklyn passed a few weeks at Greenport and advised a Mrs. Davis to study
homoeopathy in order to doctor her own family. In 1857 ^^- Samuel Ban-
croft Barlow visited Mrs. Davis and found her so successful in practice among
her neighbors that he advised her to charge a fee for her services.
Dr. Jabez W. Dake located in Albion, Orleans county, in 1863. Several
homceopathic physicians had previously tried to practice there, but were com-
pelled to abandon the field, but Dr. Dake bought a house, moved into it, sent
word to his allopathic friends that he had paid for his house and had enough
to keep him for a year and that he had come to stay. He remained five years
and then gave up the place because of his health. At that time Medina alone
in the whole county could boast of a homoeopathic physician.
In Madison county Dr. Robert S. Bishop was the pioneer homoeopath,
locating in 1863 at Chittcnango. Previously he had been a partner with Dr.
David Fowler Bishop at Lockport. In 1865 he removed to Medina, Orleans
county. Dr. Bishop was born in Paris, N. Y., November 22, 1831.
The records of homoeopathy in Washington county are meagre. It was
first introduced by a clergyman. Dr. J. Savage, an allopathic physician,
adopted it, and soon afterwards was followed by Dr. A. M. Savage. In 1852
there were about ten homoeopathic practitioners in the county.
Great credit is due to one of the pioneers of homoeopathy in Albany county
for his painstaking labor of historical compilation in the first ten volumes of
the transactions of the State Homoeopathic Medical Society. These volumes
contain a very complete history of the advance of homoeopathy in New York
state, and that this is so is due to Dr. Horace Marshfield Paine.
Dispensaries in Nezv York State:. Albany, 1868; Brooklyn, E. D. Asso-
ciation, 1872; Brooklyn, 1853; Buffalo Free, 1867; Buffalo Eye and Ear In-
firmary, 1878; Central of Brooklyn, 1882; Gates Ave., Brooklyn, 1867; Pough-
keepsie Medical and Surgical, 1865; Prospect Heights, Brooklyn, 1889; Roch-
ester Free, 1874; Syracuse Free, 1890; Women's Hospital, Brooklyn, 188 1 ;
Avenue A, New York, 1883; Bayard Homoeopathic, 1886; Bond St., 1855;
Central Flomoeopathic. New York, 1854; Five Points House of Industry, 1861 ;
Hamilton, 1891 ; Harlem Homoeopathic. 1872; Heilenstadt, 1859; Holy Trin-
ity, 1889; New York Homoeopathic, 1890; Metropolitan, 1868; Morrisiana,
1869; New York Homoeopathic, 1845 (the first established in the United
States); New York Homoeopathic, i860; College for Women, 1863; New
York Homoeopathic College. 1859; Northeastern, 1869; Northern, 1857;
Tompkins Square, 1874; Western, 1868; West Side, 1889; Yorkville, 1871.
Plmrmacies: The first to deal in homoeopathic books and medicines was
J. < '. Wesselhocft, a printer and pul)lisher of Philadelphia. He was located
in 1835 at 142 Fulton street, New York city. William Raddc was his clerk
]\\>\'( )K\ ()]■ II()M^^^)l^\Tll^■
103
and had chai\£;x- ct the Xow York store. Mr. Radde afterward hought the
business in both cities. In 1840 Radde had a store at 322 liroadway, and was
the agent for tlie Central Homoeopathic Pharmacy of Leipsic. In 1869 he
sold out to the nrm of Dr. F. E. Bocricke and Mr. A. J. Tafel (Boericke &
Tafel). This firm is still doing business and has several stores in New York
city. In 1843 Jf^lii-' I • ■^- Smith, who was a patient of Dr. A. Gerald Hull,,
began to prepare tinctures and triturations for him and Dr. j. F. Gray. As-
soon as other ph\sicians learned this they called on him for supplies, and
soon his time was entirely occupied in the manufacture of homcKopathic med-
icines. In May. 1846, this pharmacy was located at 488 Broadway. In 1868
Dr. H. M. Smith and his brother were admitted to the firm and in 1869 the
style became H. M. Smith & Bro. This pharmacy is still continued by the
Horace M. Fainc. M. D.
sons of Dr. Henry M. Smith, In December, 1849. one J. Edward Stohlmann
opened a liomoeopathic pharmacy at 24 North William street. In July, 1852,.
J. T. P. Smith established a pharmacy at 50 Court street, Brooklyn, which he
sold to Pierce Brothers ;n 1865, and thev in 1874 to S. G. Clarke.
In 1852 Charles T. Hurlburt opened a pharmacy at 437 Broome street,.
New York. In 1874 he remo\'ed to 898 Broadway, and in 1879 to 3 East
Nineteenth street, and in 1881 located at 61 West 125th street. He has a
branch at Harlem. Dr. C. B. Currier for a time in 1876 conducted a pharmacy
at 1005 Sixth avenue. ]Mr. J. B. Bell had one in Vesey street in 1884. In
1879 E. D. Clark Armstrong located at 276 Sixth avenue. J. O. Noxon opened
a pharmacy March i. 1869, at 323 Washington street, Brooklyn. Lewis* H.
Smith located at 59 Court street, in 1859. In 1875 ^^^ Sommers was estab-
104 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
lished at 120 Fourth street, Brooklyn. F. P. Carter also conducted a phar-
macy for a time in Brooklyn.
Dr. Samuel Swan prepared his " nosodes " for sale, but kept no pharm-
acy. They are now sold by Boericke & Tafel.
The first homoeopathic pharmacy in Buffalo was opened by Dr. Die Lewis
in 1850. He also edited "The Homoeopathist." He prepared his own atten-
uations, offering them for sale at ten cents per vial of 250 drops.
In 1864 Adolph J. Tafel opened a pharmacy at 6 Eagle street, Buffalo.
In 1867 he sold to C. S. Halsey. H. T. Appleby, Mr. Halsey's manager,
bouo-ht him out in 1870. It was afterward conducted by Dr. McCrea and
C F. Buck. In 1891 Halsey Brothers opened a pharmacy at 535 Washington
street, Buffalo. About 185 1 Dr. David A. Baldwin established the Rochester
Homeopathic Pharmacy at 17 Arcade street.
In 1856 James Bryan, operative chemist and druggist at 68 State street,
Rochester, conducted as an adjunct to his store a homoeopathic pharmacy
directed by Mr. L. D. Fleming. E. W. Farrington for a time had a pharmacy
at 68 State street, Rochester. In 1877 Tuckes & Fitch established a pharmacy
at 26 Warren street, Syracuse. Dr. H. R. Smith had a small pharmacy at his
residence in Brockport, and in 1865 E. B. Sprague had a pharmacy in Owego.
List of physicians who practiced homoeopathy in New York city previous
to and including the year i860. The character * opposite a name indicates
that the practitioner originally was of another school of medicine, and subse-
quently a convert to homoeopathy ; the year preceding the name indicates the
time of beginning practice, except that the character x following a name indi-
cates that practice was begun before that date :
184^ Allen, James Hart * 1852 Croffut, J.
1852 Anderson, Moses 1833, Curtis, Joseph Thomas
1852 Appleton, H. D. 1857 Doyle, J. R. x
1856 Alley, James T. * 1852 Doyle, G. H. x
1839 Ball, Alonzo Spafford * 1840 Dunnell, Henry Gale *
185^ Baldwin, Jared G. 1834 Dutcher, Benjamm C.
1857 Banks, H. M. x 1857 Eckhart, C. x
1857 Banks, W. x 1852 Evans, J. T. x
1857 Barker, Helen Cooke x 1857 Fowler, Almira L. x
1837 Barlow, Samuel Bancroft * 1855 Fowler, Edward Payson
1852 Bartlett, E. H. 1840 Freeman, Alfred *
1849 Bartlett, Rodman 1854 Freeman, Warren
1846 Baruch, Meyer 1848 Freligh, Martm
1844 Bayard, Edward * 1854 Fullgraff, Otto
1852 Beakley, George 1826 Folger, Robert B. *
1844 Beakley, Jacob * 1857 Geraud, F. x
1839 Belcher, George Elisha .1857 Gourlay, G. x
1849 Berghaus, Julius Martin * 1827 Gray, John Franklm *
1846 Bell, Henry W. 1825 Gram, Hans Burch *
1853 Bissell, A. F. x 1833 Granger, John
1852 Blakeney, J. T. 1848 Guernsey, Egbert *
1840 Bolles, Richard Montgomery * 1846 Guy, Samuel S.
1839 Bowers, Benjamin Franklin * 1841 Hallock, Lewis
1841 Bowers, Josiah * 1840 Harris, Zina H.
1857 Boskowitz, H. x 1852 Houghton, A. x '
1857 Brainard, E. W. x 1833 Hull, Amos Gerald
1857 Brenna, D. x 1848 Jacobson, R. S.
1852 Brown. Edward V. 1842 Joslin, Benjamin Franklin *
1833 Channing, William * 1852 Joslin, Benjamin Franklin, Jr.
1852 Cook, Eliza D. x 1852 Kellogg, Edwin Merritt
1857 Crane, J. W. x 1857 Keuffner, F. A. x
HISTORY OF HOMa-:OPATHY
105
1852 Kiersted, C. x 1850
1854 King, O. R. 1856
1847 Kinsley, Hudson * 1857
1857 Kip, R. B. • 1852
1830 Kirby, Stephen Reynolds 1857
1857 Kirby, T. x 1839
1857 Leach, George H. x 1840
1844 Leon, Alexis 1829
1840 Lovejoy, Ezekiel * 1852
1852 Mahon, J. F. x 1856
1836 Mairs, James * 1845
1848 Marcy, Erastus Edgerton * 1844
1857 Morton x 1844
1852 Mayer, Martin x 1857
1857 McDonald, William Ogden x 1838
1852 McGonegal, H. G. x 1832
1844 McMurray, Robert * 1857
1841 McVickar, John Augustus * 1857
1857 Miller, C. x 1847
1849 Metcalf. James Whiting 1857
1857 Muhr, H. X 1857
1857 Newcomb, O. x 1852
1840 Palmer, Miles Wesley 1849
1840 Palmer, Walter C. * 1852
1847 Petherbridge, J. B. x 1826
i860 Pardee, Walter 1829
1840 Peters, John C. 1852
1858 Peterson, Wilson 1852
1857 Perkins, Roger Griswold ....
1867 Powell, Hans * 1854
1842 Quin, James M. * .1842
1832 Reisig, Gottlob Adolph *
Homceopathic physicians who have practiced in Brooklyn and WilHams-
burgh previous to and including the year i860:
Reisig, Richard
Richards, George Washington
Ring, T. L. x
Shepard, S. E. x
Saltonstall, G. D. x
Schue, John
Sherrill, Hunting *
Stearns, Daniel Edward *
Stewart, Walter x
Smith, Daniel Drowne x
Snow, Ralph Albert
Sullivan, John L.
Taylor, John *
Franchand, R. x
Vanderburgh; Federal *
Van Beuren, Louis Folk
Wade, Joseph L. x
Wallace, J. W. x
Warner, Lewis Tillman
Weisse, J. A. x
Wellman, Washington Irving x
Westcott, J. X
West, Edwin
Wheeler, E. G. x
Wilsey, Ferdinand Little
Wilson, Abraham Duryea *
Worrall, J. G. x
Wilder, Louis DeValois x
Ward, A. B.
Ward, John Augustine
Wright, Clark *
1858 Ascoli, Achille *
1840 Baker, David *
1853 Barker, John *
1855 Bateman, H.
1859 Bates, Charles E. *
1852 Beebe, George R.
1847 Bennett, J. B.
1857 Bond, Frank
1849 Bryant, Joel
1847 Burke, A. C. *
1841 Cox, George *
1848 Culbert, W. A. M. *
1859 Cate, Hamilton J.
1859 Dickinson, John
1853 Dinsmore. J. P.
1853 Doty, S. B.
1853 Duffin, J. P. *
1849 Dunham, Carroll
1854 Elliott, J. B. *
1854 Fincke, Bernhard
1859 Flanders. A. H.
1858 Hahne, Victor de
1848 Hanford, S. Culien *
1849 Hanford, William H.
185Q Hawks, Jonathan *
1843 Hull, Aaron Cooke *
1858 Hunt, F. G.
845
8^6
852
854
860
860
853
855
852
853
848
856
852
852
854
854
857
855
855
857
855
858
T840
1852
Hempel, Charles J.
Gilbert, H. S.
Gilbert, H. O.
Guernsey, Egbert *
Guy, Samuel S. *
Johnson, F. G. *
Kmg, O. R.
Keep, Lester *
Keep, J. Lester
Lodge, Edwin A.
Macy, Benjamin C.
May, H. *
Minton, Henry
Moflfat, R. C.
Morrill, H. E. *
Newcomb, George V.
Orton, J. R.
Palmer, A. J.
Palmer, G. W. *
Palmer, W. W.
Perrine, W. L. R. *
Richter, I\L A.
Rockwell, John
Richardson, Edward T. *
Rossman, J. Gaul
Rossman, Rribert *
Rossiter, C. D.
1(1(5
HISTORY OF HOM(i:OPATHY
1856 Saltzwedel, H.
i860 Samson, C. M.
1832 Skiff, Charles H. *
i860 Skiff. Charles W.
i860 Smith. J. W., Jr.
1853 Stamm, Frederick F.
1850 Stansbury, —
1856 Stiles, Henry R.
1859 Talmage, J. F.
l8^6 Thomas, Edward
List of ph}sicians who were practicing
ions to and inclncling i860:
1853 Turner, John
185 1 Ward, Isaac Aloreau *
1850 Ward, James H.
1856 Watson, James L.
1842 Wells, Phineas P. *
1859 Wood, L.
1850 Wright, Albert *
1852 Wright, William *
1849 Young, John
1853 Zimmerman, —
homoeopathy in New York state
])rev
1846 Adams, Henry * Coxsackie
i860 Adams, Ira R. Lowville
1859 Adams, Henry F. Canastota
1849 Allen, Charles S. Albany
1840 Allen, George Auburn
1858 Allen, Samuel S. * Angelica
1852 Allen, Joseph H. x Oswego
1841 Alley, William W. * Moravia
1853 Austin, Alexander G. Williamson
1858 Arjnstrong, T. S. * Speedsville
1848 Ayres, Dr. Havana
1854 Ayres, Dr. Brownsville
1857 Bacon, W. H. x Corning
1845 Bailey, Silas * Watertown
1857 Bailey. E. S. x Brooktield
1850 Baldwin, David A. Rochester
1852 Baker, J. F. x Albion
1857 Baker, C. x Clarksville
1852 Ball, A. R. X Clarkson
1852 Ball, Jay x Virgil
1857 Ball, W. L. X Homer
1852 Barr, D. T. Ludlowville
1852 Barker, Daniel x Madison
1857 Barnes, Dr. x Spencertown
1852 Batty, B. A. x Lockport
1857 Beers. A. H. x Buffalo
1853 Blanchard, H. C. Buffalo
1854 Blanchard, J. A. Rochester
1857 Beaklcy, Henry Peekskill
1846 Bell, 11. W. Peekskill
1849 Bartlett, Rodman Rhincbeck
1857 Bartlett. A. C. x Cato
1858 Bass, Edgar C. Cazenovia
1857 Bartlett, L. x Skaneateles
i860 Belding, Dexter R. Malone
1847 Benedict, H. S. * Havana
1842 Bennet, Dr. * Batavia
1858 Bennett, A. M. Rochester
1840 Bennett, Hilem * Rochester
1845 Baxter, William * Fishkill
1840 Berry, James * Gloversville
1853 Bigelow, Franklin Syracuse
1851 Bigelow, Alfred (}. Alavsville
1849 Bigelow, J. G. Syracuse
1853 Bigelow, Thomas * Hartford
1837 Bieglcr, A. P. Albany
1857 Biegler, Jos. A. Rochester
1857 Billings. Geo. H. Cohoes
1S33 Birnstill, Joseph Dunkirk.
850 Bishop, David F. Lockport
844 Bishop, Leverett * Sauquuit
848 Blodgett, T. S. Cooperstown
853 Bloss, Jabez P. * Troy
847 Boyce, Capt. Wm. * Auburn
852 Bradner, Ira S. * Scotchtown
853 Brewster, A. J. Cato
830 Brooks, Paschal P. * Alban\
848 Brown, D. T. Fredonia
853 Brown, Titus L. Binghamton
842 Brown, Wm. R. * Homer
852 Brownson, Dr. x Windsor
842 Bruchhausen, Caspar Norwich
841 Bryan, Richard S. * Troy
852 Bryant, Chas. G. Albany
848 Bucknell, Hanley N. * (Tape Vincent
857 Bucknell, Jr. * x Cape Vincent
848 Bull, Alexander T. Buffalo
857 Bull, M. L. X Granville
854 Burdick, Edwin Whitesville
857 Burling. Dr. Waverly
858 Butler, Charles F.
857 Burritt, — x Canandaigua
857 Buckley, M. x Easton
857 Burroughs, G. W. x Poughkccpsie
857 Burke, W. x Rochester
857 Bowers. J.. Jr. x Smithtown
852 Blakeslv, J. M. x Livonia
860 Bullard, D. H. * Glens Falls
852 Brush. Henry N. x Moira
853 Campbell, M. W. Stillwater
856 Carpenter, Chas. li. * Troy
844 Cass, O. D. * Clinton
846 Case, Ephriam * Clinton
857 Gate, H. J. x Poughkccpsie
842 Cator, Harvey H. * Kingston
857 Cator, John J. x Roxbury
852 Champlin, H. C. x Owego
841 Chase, Durfec * Palmyra
859 Chase, Edwin R. * Kecscville
857 Clark, I. X Eaton
S45 Clary, Lyman *
841 Coburn, Edward * Chatham Corners
846 Childs, Amherst x Waterloo
852 Childs, G. C. X Clyde
^^7 Chappell, A. W. x Pouipev
857 Churchill. Dr. x Peekskill
857 Clemenls, D. F. x V'ictoryville
857 Clements. Z. x X'iclory Mills
HISTORY OT' FTOMCKOl'ATHY
107
1852 Clements, J. x Vicloryville
1857 Comstock, A. L. * Buffalo
1852 Coman, J. W. x Buffalo
1852 Cone, Dr. x Coventry
1857 Coon, Dr. x Wecdsport
1857 Cander, W. H. x Speedsville
1850 Camp. Mr. H. W. (non-grad.) Owego
1852 Corbin, E. L. x Waverly
1850 Coweli, C. (layman) Spencer
1842 Coburn, E. L. * Ghent
184T Coburn, Stephen * Ghent
1846 Cole, Edgar B. Easton
1856 Cole, Sam'l P. * Henderson
1857 Collins, — X Spafford
1840 Cook, A. P. * Kinderhook
183S Cook, Geo. W. * Hudson
1850 Cook, E. G. Fredonia
1849 Cook, Simeon A. * Troy
i860 Cooke, S. G. Stanfordville
1852 Cornell, B. F. x Moreau Station
1855 Couch, Asa S. Fredonia
1857 Covert, I. X Deposit
1859 Cox, George A. Albany
1852 Cox, James W. Albany
1857 Crane, Dr. x Holland Patent
1857 Crittenden, J. x Morristown
1841 Crispell, Garret * Kingston
1845' Crossfield, C. C. Attica
1852 Culbert, Wm. A. x Newburgh
1857 Dake, D. L. x Newark
1845 Dake, David M. * Nunda
1852 Dake, Chas. A. * Warsaw
1841 Dake, C. M. * Genesee
1850 DeForest, S. H. Havana
1848 Dunham, Rufus C. * Canton Canal
1845 Dunning, Dr. * Watertown
1846 Doty, Hilem * Baldwinsville
1850 Doane, Wm. C. Elmira
1848 Donovan, T. W. New Brighton
1850 Dykeman, H. H. x Cohoes
184s Dodge. Lewis Buffalo
1857 DeWolf, — X Bath
1852 De LaMontagnie, J. x Fishkill Ldg.
1854 Dewey, Geo. A. x Plattsburgh
1852 Duane, James x Duane
1857 Ely, F. X Binghamton
1858 Evarts, Edgar S. Cato
1850 Everett, D. L. * I\Iodena
1851 Ely, W. A. * Hempstead
1857 Fay, — X Fort Ann
1852 Farnam, L. D. * Almond
1840 Field, F. S. * Troy
1852 Foote, S. H. X Walton New Road
1848 Foote, E. T. * Jamestown
1857 Foote, H. R. X Utica
1850 Foote. G. F. *
18.38 Formes. — * Poughkeepsie
1843 Freligh, ^Inrtin * Saugerties
1852 Freeman, G. W. Glencove
1852 Freeman. Geo. L. Glenhead
1857 Fuller, H. R. Lansingburgh
1851 Fulton, Samuel J. Ndrwich
1857 Fortune, J. x Canandaigua
1S52 Fox, C. W. X Morris
1852 Gage, J. L. x Leroy
T852 Garner, James x Constable
1857 Garret, R. x Morris
1H52 Gross, J. E. X Clinton
1852 Easton, D. J. x Saratoga Springs
1844 Eddy, H. L. Canoga Village
1857 Elwood, L. X Schenectady
1852 Ehrmann, Lewis x Buffalo
1848 Flagg. Levi W. * Yonkers
852 Fleming, L. D. x Rochester
857 Flowers, B. F. x Utica
857 Fisher, D. L. x Webster
859 Gardner, M. M. * Holland Patent
855 Gaylord, Edward P. * Syracuse
854 Getman, Norman H. Richfield Spgs.
856 Getman, Norman * Pierpont Manor
859 Gillett, ^L H. * Springfield
852 Govan, William x North Haverstraw
836 Graham, J. H. A. * Berne
852 Gray. Patrick W. x Buffalo
844 Grav, Alfred W. Portland
853 Gregg, R. R. Buffalo
857 Gerow, Stephen W. New Paltz
845 Gulick, William * Watkins
860 Guiwitz, Abram * Salisbury Centre
844 Guernsey, C. P. * Clinton
852 Gorton, Wm. R. x Skaneateles
852 Gove, Geo. V. R. x Fort Covington
852 Goodspeed, J. L. x Burke
857 Graves, E. x Nelson
844 Green, Jeremiah x Utica
852 Green, H. x Peoria
850 Hadley, Hiram * Boonville
838 Hall, A. * Poughkeepsie
846 Hall, L. B. Baldwinsville
856 Hall, Geo. A. Westfield
842 Haight, Charles * Poughkeepsie
852 Hand, S. D. x Binghamton
848 Hannum, Dr. * Hainesville
858 Harter, Dr. * Salisbury
847 Harris, C. F. * Binghamton
846 Havens, S. F. x Cortlandville
846 Haven, Simeon Z. * Utica
853 Hawley, L. B. Delhi
853 Hawley, William A. *
851 Hawley, William H. Syracuse
857 Hennery, — x Hallsville
857 Holbrook, P. R. x Keeseville
857 Herrick, S. x Hoosick
844 Heath, H. H. x Seneca Falls
852 Hosford, O. T. x Malone
852 Hopkins, Dr. x Quincy
852 Hayes, F. B. x Cuba
852 Hewitt, Dr. x Farmersville
852 Heming, L. D. x Canandaigua
851 Hedenberg, James Troy
846 Hedges, Wm. S. * Jamestown
859 Hill, Charles J. Utica
S^o Hindley, Alonzo S. Buffalo
^h Hoffendahl. C. F. Albany
108
HISTORY OF HOMGEOPATHY
1852 Hoffman, Ernst F. * Poughkeepsie
1857 Holden, A. W. * Glens Falls
1854 Hornby, John * Poughkeepsie
1858 Horton, Heman B. * Eden
1851 Hotchkiss, J. T. * Bloomingrove
1852 Houghton, H. A. Keeseville
1852 Houghton, A. x St. Andrew
1853 Howe, E. C. * Troy
1844. Howe, Israel Rushville
1846 Hoyt, Wm. H. Salina
1840 Hubbard, Henry C. Scott
1852 Hull, Amos G. X Newburgh
1842 Humphreys, E. * Auburn
1850 Humphreys, F. Auburn
1852 Hunt, W. W. Candor
1849 Hurd, Edwin H. * Rochester
1846 Hurd, George * Fayetteville
1852 Huntington, D. N. x Malone
1842 Huson, Richard * Dundee
1857 Huson, S. K. X Dundee
1853 Ingham, Geo. W. Elmira
1842 Jayne, DeWitt C. * Florida
1858 Jernigan, C. P. * Saugerties
1852 Jolls, Augustus Albany
1844 Jones, Erasmus D. * Keeseville
1856 Jones, Henry C. Mount Vernon
1852 Jones, Reuben x Keeseville
1846 Jones, C. D. * Albany
■857 Johnson, H. x Mayfield
1858 Kellogg, George Troy
1847 Kellogg, John L. * Bridgewater
1857 Kellogg, A. D. X Wolcott
1846 Kenyon, L. M. * Westfield
1857 Keyes, Alvah E. Jamestown
1857 Keys, D. C. x Corning
1848 Kiersted, J. A. Saugerties
.... Kirk, Isaac E. Hudson
1853 Kinne, Theodore Y.
1844 Knapp, Franklin L. * Gaspnrt
1854 Knapp, Theodore P. * Union
1852 Knapp, J. P. X St. Andrews
1857 Kornbach, — * Poughkeepsie
1842 Kimball. D. S. * Sackett's Harbor
1852 Kendrick, — x Granville
1857 Kingsley. W. J. C. x Rome
1843 Leman, E. H. *
1859 Landon, Eliza T. Fredonia
1852 Lansing, G. C. * Rhinebcck
1863 Lansing, B. * Hyde Park
1858 Landt, William Mohawk
1855 Laurie, P. B. * Rhincbeck
1847 Lilienthal, Samuel * Haverstraw
1840 Lillie, James * Rhinebeck
1858 Little. Edward * Oneida
1857 Loomis, D. D. x Bridgewater
1844 Loomis, Isaac G. * Westmoreland
1847 Lorillard, George
1840 Lovejoy, Ezekiel * Owego
1857 . Loucks, J. X Lyme
1857 Marien. L. J. x Northampton
1852 Manning, Warren L. x Ft. Covington
1852 Lathrop, E. x Syracuse
1857
T852
T852
1852
1857
l8S2
1852
1846
1850
1857
1858
1852
1842
1857
1855
1842
1852
1850
1857
1852
1845
i860
1847
1852
1852
1852
1857
1843
1857
1852
1857
1852
1852
1857
1857
1852
1840
T845
1857
1857
i8=;2
1857
1852
1846
1852
1852
i8s2
1838
1849
1843
1852
1847
1853
1856
1852
T842
t8s8
1852
Lakin, E. L. x Jamestown
Lawrence, Dr. x Port Jervis
Lackey, S. M. x Rochester
Leggatt, C. J. X Flushing
Levanway, W. A. x Lyons
Lewis, Geo. W. x Buffalo
Lewis, George x Rochester
Lewis, Edwin W. Watkins
Lewis, Dioclesian x Buffalo
Loersch, P. x Buffalo
Macy, Benj. C. Dobbs Ferry
Mather, Thaddeus x Binghamton
Matthews, Moses M. * Rochester
Maura, J. P. x Adams
Merritt, J. F. * Pleasant Plains
McCarty, Lewis * Throopsville
McGonegal, H. G. Marcellus
Melvin, John Shortsville
Mitchell, G. H. Saratoga Springs
Mitchell, John J. Newburgh
Morgan, Alonzo R. Svracuse
Morgan, Louis S. Gowanda
Mosher, Charles * Shagticoke
Mosher, James P. * Shagticoke
Mosher, J. C. Pittstown
Mott, Orville H. Fort Edward
Moore, Samuel x Lyons
Mower, John W. West Schuyler
Mull, Philip W. Ghent
Mull, G. H. X Ghent
Munger, Erastus A. * Waterville
Minier. Wm. E. x Elmira
McCall, S. H. X Batavia
Manter, — x Coming
Marvin, Harvey x Evans
Mason, — x Galesville
Morse, A. W. x Hamilton
Morse, G. S. x Waterville
Morgan, Edward J. x Ithaca
McLaren, P. M. Morristown
Malin, George W. * Naples
Meacham, Isaac J. * Nunda
McClellan, C. H. x Poughkeepsie
Miller, Frederick x Sing Sing
Nelson, Thomas J. x Kingston
Noble, O. E. x Penn Van
Norton, S. S. x Vernon
Ormes, Cornelius * Panama
Ostrom, J. X Goshen
Osborn. O. x Schoharie
Owen, J. N. x Sherburne
Paine. Henry D. Albany
Paine, Horace M. ' Albany
Paine. John Alsop * Albany
Parker, C. M. x De Ruyter
Parker. Charles * Fredonia
Parson, Ovin C. Newark
Palmer, Geo. B. East Hamilton
Peabody, Ira W. x Vestal
Peterson. P. H. Auburn
Pearsall, S. J. Saratoga Springs
Patrick, Abram x Cobbleskill
FirSTORY OF HOMCFOPATHY
109
1854 Pcttit, Thos. J. Fort Plain
1858 Peck, Oliver J. * North Chatham
1848 Peer, Geo. W. Rochester
1846 Peak, J. M. x * Cooperstown
1852 Perkins, S. G. x Waterford
1853 Pcrrine. Geo. W. * Pittsford
1852 Phillips. J. G. X Sherman
1841 Phillips, John * Kinderhook
1857 Phillips. S. X Catskill
1852 Phelps, Elias P. x Fort Plain
1852 Phillips, J. S. X Ansterlit/
1841 Phillips, John * Columbia
1857 Piatt, J. H. X Albany
1845 Poole, A. * Oswego
1845 Potter, E. A. * Oswego
1852 Potter, E. T. V. x Moravia
1857 Potter, F. W. x Oswego
1857 Potter, Asaph LeRov Dundee
1856 Pelton, S. * Wellsville
1859 Peterson, Orton W. Waterloo
1852 Peterson, P. H. x Union Springs
1853 Pom.eroy, T. F. Utica
1847 Pot wine, Benjamin * Corry
1854 Pratt, L. M. Albany
185T Purdy, W. S. * Corning
1857 Prime, A. x White Plains
1855 Quick, Theodore Milton
1857 Randall, W. W. X Mexico
1851 Randall. Wm. H. Alhan};
185 1 Ravmond. Jonas G. Utica
1857 Read, T..W. x * Elmira
1844 Rice, F. * Cazenovia
1857 Richardson, S. x Syracuse
1857 Roberts, M. P. x Gowanda
1852 Roberts, G. W. x Greene
1857 Reynolds, O. x Webster
1845 Richardson, E. T. * Syracuse
1848 Ring, Tobias S. Yorkville
184s Roberts, Elisha
1840 Robinson, Horatio * Auburn
1858 Robinson, S. A. W. New Brighton
1847 Roe. L. S. Schenectadv
1854 Rosa, W. V. * Waterloo
1838 Rosenstein. I. G. Albany
1839 Rossman, Robert * Hudson
1845 Rogers, E. W. Watkins
1857 Royston, T. P. x Seneca Falls
1857 Russell, A. W. X Albany
1857 Search, — x West Granville
1852 Searle, J. x Granville
1857 .Scofield, E. X Poughkeepsie
t86o Scott, Fremont W. Modena
1849 Scudder, Samuel O. Rome
1852 Seward. W. x Liverpool
1859 Searle. Wm. S. Troy
1857 Seeley. Nathaniel R.
1846 Seward. Stephen * Liverpool
1849 Seymour, S. * Rome
1852 Sibley. S. Louis x Tthaca
1839 Sieze. Emanuel Albany
1845 Sloan. Ja'i''cs D. * Sing Sing
1855 Slncimi. Mrrtimcr
832 Skiff, Charles H. * Albany
860 Slfjan, Henry S. Binghamton
858 Smith, R. G. Rochester
860 Smith, Henry W. Rushville
842 Smith, Ezra P. K. Moravia
857 Smith, G. X Phoenix .
857 Southwick, David E. Ogdensburg.
852 Smith, H. E. x Rochester
839 Spaulding, Dr. * Flushing
846 Springsteed. D. * Bethlehem
847 Sprague, Ezra B. * Owego
846 Spencer, Nathan * Herkimer
852 Spooner, Stillman x Wampsville
857 Stebbins, N. x Clinton
854 Stebbins, J. H. Geneva
857 Stebbins, Wm. B. * x Little Falls-
857 Stevens, C. D. x Cortlandville
841 Stevens, Chas. A. Buffalo
84s Stewart, Samuel W. * Clinton
848 Stockton, C. L. * Ripley
852 Stone, Joshua Randolph
854 Stow, Timothy D. Mexico
856 Strong. Walter D. O. K. * Owasco
850 Stone. Henry E. * Otego
857 Steenburg, — x Dunning Street
857 Stanton, J. B. x Ellicottville
857 Sayles, H. x Elmira
857 Schell. T. C. X Geneseo
847 Stoddard, J. L. * Glens Falls
846 Swift, Charles E. Ithaca
851 Schenck, Benj. B. * Plainville
852 Schuch, Chas. E. x Rochester
852 Sherman, Stephen x Lyons
858 Sullivan, N. B. * Plainville
857 Shuld, P. x Warren
852 Sullings, Hervey x Batavia
856 Sumner, Charles Rochester
.. . Shattuck, A. Buffalo
857 Sunderlin, — x Hammondsport
848 Switz. Harman Schenectady
852 Talmadge, Rufus x Enfield
852 Throop, B. F. x Palmyra
852 Thorp. John H. Whitesville
858 Tisdale. T. P. Lowville
859 Todd, W. S.. Sr. * Angelica
856 Towner, Enoch, Jr. Turin
844 Tracy, L. M. * Fairfield
846 Towner, Daniel A. * Elmira
857 Tuttle, Dr. x Oneida
846 Van Buren. Roswell * Frewsburg-
838 Vanderburgh, F. * Poughkeepsie
8i3 Van Rensselaer, D. S. Randolph
852 Valk, W. W. x Flushing
857 Von Wackerbarth. Dr. x Narrows-
burgh
857 Warren, S. C. x Otego
857 Washburn. G. x Utica
852 Van Vleck. — x Valatia
852 Wager, J. L. x Ithaca
857 Wager, W. L. x Deposit
832 Ward, Isaac M. * Albany
844 Warner. X. H. Buffalo
110
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1854 Watson, Wm. H. Utica 1857
1857 Ward, H. R. x Oriskany Falls 1857
1857 Weed, Hiland A. Jordan 185 1
1857 Wellman, W. I. x Friendship 1847
1846 Wells, Lucien B. * Pompey 1852
1852 Weeks, Benj. x Fulton 1846
1855 Wheeler, Jared P. Brighton 1850
1856 White, Joseph R. Butternuts 1852
1854 White, Joseph N. Amsterdam 1854
1859 White, Theodore C. Rochester 1843
1852 Whitney, J. I. x Bainbridge 1858
1857 Wilber, E. C. x Dundee 1844
1857 Wallrath, C. H. x Evans Mills 1847
1857 Wisner, G. S. x Florida 1852
1852 White, Daniel x Geneva 1S49
1852 Wilder, Louis DeV. x Geneva
West, Dr. x Warsaw
Woodbury, Dr. x Pompey
Wilbur, Charles A.
Williams, E. D.
Wright, J. C. X Newtown
Witherill, E. C. x Canandaigua
Witherill, A. A. Union
Woodward, J. W. x Dobbs Ferry
Woodruff, Charles S. Troy
Wolcott, Wm. G. * Westfield
Wright, Andrew R. BufYalo
Wright, Noah H. * Buffalo
Wright, Ira * Watertown
Wright, Wm. * Fort Edward
Wright, Albert Williamsburg
HISTORY ()V ]]Cn\n-X)\\\T\\Y 111
CHAPTER VI
HOMOEOPATHY IN PENNSYLVANIA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Introductory Remarks— Primacy of Pennsylvania in Homoeopathic Institutions — Homoe-
opathic Medical Society of Pennsylvania— Other State and. Local Societies— Allen-
town Academy— Recollections of Early Practitioners— Detwiller, the Prescriber—
Wesselhoeft and Freytag, the Founders— Becker and Helfrich, the Preacher Phy-
sicians—Ihm, the Pioneer in Philadelphia— Hering, the Prover, Philosopher, Scien-
tist and Founder— Brief Allusion to other Early Practitioners— Lists of Pioneer
Physicians — Plomoeopathic Dispensaries.
HomcEOpathy gained a foothold in Pennsylvania in much the same man-
ner as the system "was planted in New York, and within three years after
Gram left the New England coast and settled permanently in the great
metropolis of America. As was Gram to homoeopathy in New York, so was
Detwiller to the new system in Pennsylvania, yet in the latter commonwealth
greater prominence seems to have been given to the introduction of _ Hahne-
mann's doctrine than in the former ; and .in Pennsylvania all chroniclers of
contemporary history have' dated its advent to the day when Detwiller admin-
istered the first homoeopathic dose. And unlike Gram in New York, Detwil-
ler in Pennsylvania from the time he began to investigate homoeopathy was
•encouraged by the sympathy and assistance of zealous co-workers, Wessel-
hoeft and Freytag, and sooii afterward by ' acquisitions from abroad and the
converts they "made among the German settlers in the locality in which the
scene of their early experiences was laid.
Although the Hahnemannian doctrine was first planted in New York
and afterward in Pennsylvania, the latter in some respects holds primacy in
the establishment of institutions and the natural development oi the homoe-
opathic system. Indeed, there seems to have been less ooposition to contend
•against and overcome in the Keystone state than in New York, which may
in part be accounted for in the fact that in Pennsylvania homoeopathy first
found lodgment in a part of the state remote from its metropolis, and the
practitioners had gained a strong foothold with the people when Ihm set him-
self up as a practitioner of the new school in the city of Philadelphia. Again,
in less than eight years after Detwiller and Wesselhoeft had made their
first practical demonstrations of homoeopathy the number of converts had so
increased that a medical society was formed, and just a little later these same
determined pioneers had the courage to go beyond society organization and
found a school of homoeopathic medical instruction. The so-called Allentown
Academy was the result of their enterprise, and while that institution was
destined to a brief existence it always has figured in history as the first insti-
tution of its kind in the world ; and after it had passed out of being some of
its best elements were utilized in founding the Homoeopathic Medical College
of Pennsylyania, which was organized in Philadelphia in 1848. The two
112 HTSTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
schools were quite unlike in many respects, yet the experiences of the first
endeavor were of s^rcat value in laying; the foundation of the latter institu-
tion.
THE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSVLN'ANIA.
Tlie Homoeopathic Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania, while
not the first organization of its character in the state, is nevertheless of first
importance and is regarded as the conservator of the peace and dignity of
the homoeopathic profession and its other societies the extent of whose author-
ity and jurisdiction is less than that of the mother organization. The State
Society, as commonly known, was organized at a convention of physicians
held June 5, 1866, in the Homoeopathic Hospital of Pittsburgh in pursuance
of a call emanating from the Allegheny County Homoeopathic Medical Soci-
ety. This informal meeting was called to order by Dr. J. C. Burgher of
Pittsburgh^ who stated briefly the object of assembling the homoeopathic
physicians of the state. Dr. J. P. H. Frost was chosen chairman and Dr.
Bushrod W. James secretary pro tem. An informal organization was then
perfected and a committee of one from each county was appointed to prepare
a constitution and by-laws for the government of the society's affairs. These
preliminaries being settled the convention proceeded to perfect a permanent
organization by electing officers for the ensuing year, as follows : Dr. J. B.
Wood of West Chester, president; Drs. J. H. P. Frost of Philadelphia and
J. C. Burgher of Pittsburgh, vice-presidents ; Bushrod W. James of Phila-
delphia, recording secretary ; Robert J. McClatchey of Philadelphia, corre-
sponding secretary ; David Cowley of Pittsburgh, treasurer ; Coates Preston
of West Chester, Robert Faulkner of Erie, and H. H. Hoffman of Pittsburgh,
censors.
Thus permanently organized and officered the society began its active
career and history, and during tlie period of its existence in all later years it
has been instrumental in promotmg and safeguarding the interests of the
homoeopathic profession in the Keystone state, and through its members has
exercised an influence for good in directing the affairs of that greater body,
the American Institute of Homoeopathy. There were thirty original members
of the society, all of whom were subscribers to the constitution. In the course
of the next year the membership increased to seventy-one, and in the third
year to ninety-eight. In 1903 the society numbered three hundred and fifty-
eight members, which represented about one-half the strength of the profes-
sion in the state.
The policy of the society ever has been to hold its annual meetings in
different cities. Previous to 1873 these meetings were held in May or June,
and since then in September or October; now they are held in the former
month. Transactions have been published since the society was first organ-
ized. The first six volumes were issued in paper covers and later ones in
substantial cloth binding. In 1889 the society published a repertorv to Her-
ing's "Condensed Materia Medica." Several important annual addresses by
presidents of the society also have been published.
The Hahnemannian Society was the pioneer organization of homoeopathy
in Pennsylvania and indeed in the entire country, and dates its history to
April 10, 1833, when Drs. Ihm, Bute. Matlack, Hering and Wesselhoeft, wMth
a few la\nien, associated themselves for the purpose of disseminating among
the ])enple some knowledge of the history and doctrines of homreopathv, and'
History of iioMCEorATiiY 113
its advant'ii^cs over other inctliods of medical treatment. In pursuance of
this design Dr. Herin"- ])repared an interesting address, an English version
of which, furnished by Dr. Matlack, was read before the society April i8,
1833, and was afterward published under the title of "A Concise View of the
Rise and Progress of Homoeopathic Medicine." This address and notices of
it by the press were the means of promoting to a considerable extent the de-
sign contemplated by its publication. The society having issued this brochure,
and having addressed a letter to Hahnemann, informing him of its formation
on the anniversary of his birth, and bearing his name, was succeeded by
another society, from membership in which laymen were excluded, and which
was known as the Homoeopathic Medical Society of Philadelphia, organized
in 1838, with a membership of physicians only. This was the first regularly-
constituted homoeopathic society in the city of "Brotherly Love."
Another notable organization of Hahnemann's disciples of which chron-
iclers of homoeopathic history in Pennsylvania have given little account was
that known as the Homoeopathic Society of Northampton and Counties Adja-
cent, which was formed soon after the Hahnemannian Society, and of which
Detwiller many years ago gave this description : "In 1834, 23d of August,
the Homoeopathic Society of Northampton and Adjoining Counties was
formed by Drs. W'esselhoeft, Freytag, Romig, myself and Rev. Christian J.
Becker, D. D. The object of the association was the advancement of homoe-
opathy amongst its members — by interchange of experience and reciprocal
encouragement to persevere in the study and spread of the doctrine and prac-
tice of similia similibus curantur." The meeting at which the society was
organized was attended by several notable characters in earlv homoeopathic
history in Pennsylvania. They were Wesselhoeft, Freytag, Romig, Detwil-
ler, Becker, the minister, Joseph H. Pulte, afterward founder of a homoe-
opathic medical college in Cincinnati, Ohio, J. C. Gosewich, assistant to Wes-
selhoeft, Rev. R. Wohlfrath, Gustav Reichhelm the pioneer homoeopath west
of the .Allegheny mountains. Rev. John Helfrich and Rev. Mr. Waage. The
first officers of the society were E. Freytag, president ; William Wesselhoeft,
vice-president; Rev. C. Becker, recording secretary; Henry Detwiller, corre-
sponding secretary and librarian.
For more than half a century Pennsylvania has been the home of manv
important medical societies and associations, some of them district organiza-
tions and others of a purely local character. The older of these are the Alle-
gheny County Medical Society, organized November 25, 1864, and still exist-
ing; Allegheny County Anatomical Society, organized October 19, 1864,
incorporated December 4, 1865 ; Allegheny County INIateria Medica Club,
May 3, 1875 ; American Provers' Union, organized at Philadelphia, August
15, 1853; Beaver County Homoeopathic Medical Society, January 8, 1883;
Berks and Schuylkill Counties Homoeopathic Medical Society, November 9,
1869; Boenninghausen Club of Philadelphia, November, 1867'; Chester Coun-
ty Homoeopathic Medical Society, September 5, 1858: Chester Organon Club,
1887; Crawford County Homoeopathic Medical Society, July 28, 1882; Cum-
berland Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society, May 8,"^ 1866'; Dauphin Countv
Homoeopathic Medical Societv, 1866; Erie Countv Homoeopathic Medical
Society. July i, 1891 ; Farrington Materia Medica Club of Allegheny County,
1888; Germantown Homoeopathic Medical Societv, October, 1879; German-
town Homoeopathic Medical Club, about 1889: Hahnemannian Association of
Pennsylvania, organized in Philadelphia, October 11, 1887; Hahnemann
114 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Club of Philadelphia, January, 1874; Hahnemannian Society, organized at
Philadelphia, April 10, 1833. the first homoeopathic society in America; Hahne-
mann Medical Society of Reading, November 23, 1882; Hahnemann Medical
Institute, a students' society organized 1849-1850; Hering Club of Phila-
delpdiia, December 20, 1880; Homoeopathic Medical Council of Pennsylvania,
November 24, '1880; Lehigh Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society, March 24,
1881 ; Lippe Society of Philadelphia, January 5, 1880; Luzerne County
Homoeopatliic Medical Society, 1868; Northeastern Philadelphia Society of
Homoeopathic Physicians, February 9, 1883 ; Northwestern Pennsylvania
Homceopathic Medical Society, July 5, 1866; Northwestern Pennsylvania
Homoeopathic Medical Society, January 13, 1874; Northern Pennsylvania
Homoeopathic Medical Society, June 20, 1882; Northampton and Adjacent
Counties Homoeopathic Medical Society, organized August 23, 1834; Organon
and Materia Medica Society, November 6, 1888 : Pennsylvania Homoeopathic
Pharmaceutical Association, April 9, 1881, incorporated October 3, 1881 ;
Philadelphia Branch of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, organized at
Philadelphia June 6, 1846; Philadelphia Homoeopathic Clinical Society, 1877;
Philadelphia Homoeopathic Medical Society, 1838; Philadelphia Homoeopathic
Medical Society, July 19, 1852; Philadelphia Countv Homoeopathic Medical
Society, April 13, 1859; Philadelphia Medical Club, 1882; Women's Homoe-
opathic Association of Pennsylvania, 1883-1884; Women's Homoeopathic Med-
icaJ Club of Philadelphia, October 15, 1883; Ladies' Association of the Homoe-
opathic Hospital of Philadelphia for Sick and Wounded Soldiers, Septem-
ber 8, 1862; Pittsburgh Microscopical Society, 1881 ; Doctors' Round Table
Club of Allegheny County, 1891 ; Schuylkill County Homoeopathic Medical
vSociety, July 28, 1883 ; Scranton Homoeopathic Clinical Club, March, 1892 ;
Homoeopathic Medical Society of the Twenty-Third Ward, Philadelphia, Octo-
ber 21, t88i ; Homoeopathic Medical Society of Western Pennsylvania, Au-
gust 3, 1881 ; West Philadelphia Homoeopathic Medical Association, 1882.
ALLENTOWN ACADEMY.
In reality there never was an institution in existence under the proper
name of Allentown Academy, yet for convenient designation that name was
assumed in preference to that adopted by the founders — The North American
Academy of the Homeopathic Healing Art ; but under whatever name the
institution was brought into existence it was the first school of homoeopathic
medical instruction in the world, and as such is worthy a place in Pennsyl-
vania homoeopathic history, although it is also made the subject of somewhat
extended mention in the chapter devoted particularly to the old Homoeopathic
Medical College of Pennsylvania and its successor, the Hahnemann Medical
College of Philadelphia. It may be said, however, that the events narrated
in this chapter relate to elements of history which are not specially treated
in the college article, hence the double mention must not be regarded as a
duplication of subject matter.
The so-called Allentown Academy had its inception in the Homoeopathic
Society of Northampton and Counties Adjacent, to which reference has been
made, and also, although in a less degree, to that pioneer organization of
homoeopathy in this state known as the Hahnemannian Association. The estab-
lishment of this society, the circulation of Flering's, pamphlet, and the other
efforts of the friends of homoeopathy at an carlv dav excited considerable
interest not only among the clergy and other laymen but among physicians,
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
11.-)
and many of the latter were disposed to investigate the new doctrine ; but it
was soon found that there was need of some method by which the principles
of homoeopathy could be taught. Hering's plan was to devise a course of
lectures on the subject, and to encourage students of medicine to learn the
German language in order to understand and appreciate the value of the
Allentown Academy.
founder's teachings. At the same time the members of the Northampton soci-
ety felt the need of a school for the teaching of homoeopathy, and in writing
on the subject Det wilier said that as early as December 30, 1833, Wesselhoeft,
Romig and himself waited on Hering in Philadelphia and adopted a plan
which ultimately resulted in the establishment of the academy. The plans
were matured on Hering's birthday, January i, 1834, and provided for an
lie. H1ST(3RY OF HOMCEOPATHY
academy to be located in AUeutown, with Hering as president and principal-
instructor, for which purpose he was to remove to that place from Philadel-
phia "as soon as they would guarantee him a salary equal to that of a first
class Allentown clergyman."'
The plans of the founders contemplated the procuring of a charter from
the legislature through the influence of the homceopaths in Northampton and
Lehigh counties, which being accomplished, Wesselhoeft proposed to invite
there medical students who attended the allopathic colleges for instruction
during the summer months, there being no summer courses at that time, and
that they should have the benefit of lectures devoted to the science and appli-
cation of pure homoeopathy. Such a thing as opposition from any source
was not thought of, as there was to be no interference with the regular courses
in other schools, but such violent opposition and bitterness of feeling as was
soon aroused was as surprising as it was unwarranted.
The commendable purpose of the founders was to devote considerable
time during the winter months to the preparation of text works with which
to promulgate the doctrines of homoeopathy ; also to pledge all students to
continue their courses in other schools, except those who came for the express
purpose of perfecting themselves in- homoeopathy alone. All books previously
published on the subject of homoeopathy were to be translated into English.
Another original purpose of the founders was to organize a stock com-
pany for the purchase of land and the erection of an academy building. For
this object about one hundred subscribers from Allentown, Bethlehem, Phila-
delphia and New "^'ork did create a fund sufficient to purchase a tract of land
comprising one entire square in the very center of Allentown. The greater
part of this fund was in fact raised in Philadelphia through the efforts of
William Geisse, who is said to have been the real pioneer of homoeopathy in
that city.
According to the original plans, which as a matter of fact were not fully
carried out, the academy building was to comprise a main structure with two
wings, each forty by sixty feet in size, three stories high, and of brick con-
struction, and another two story building for use as a chemical laboratory
and also for anatomical and dissecting purposes ; for these old patriarchs of
Jiomoeopathy had in mind the establishment of a college curriculum which
included both didactic and clinical teaching, and furnished instruction in sur-
gery as well as medicine. But the elaborate plans of the foimders never were
consummated; discouragements and obstacles arose before them and confused
their operations to a considerable extent. They did, however, succeed in open-
ing the academy and carried forward its work for several years, though with
not better than indififerent results so far as medical education was concerned
and at some loss from a financial standpoint. The principal mistake was in
giving medical instruction in German in an English speaking countrv, and
rather than educate themselves in German the American students were inclined
to enter other schools and thus quite naturally adopted some other svstem
of medicine than homoeopathy.
To receive an Allentown diploma was a medical distinction. The profes-
.sors were graduates of German universities and subjected the candidate to
the same rigorous examination as they had received. Manv who sought to
pass were rejected.
Several important books were issued under the auspices of the Allentown
Academy. "Einige Wort ueber Nothwendigkeit" — the address at the dcdica-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 11 T
lion of the academy; the "Homoeopathic Domestic Physician," by Hering,
1835-38, and Hahnemann's Organon, a reprint of the Stratton edition. This
was pubhshed at the "Academical Bookstore," 1836, and contains a preface
"by Hering: the "Correspondenzblatt," 1835-37; "Wirkungen des Schlangen-
giftes" (Effects of Snake Poisons), by Hering, Allentown, 1837.
So much of the early history of Allentown Academy as is here nar-
rated will suffice for the purposes of this chapter, which is devoted more par-
ticularly to the history of homoeopathy in Pennsylvania than that of its schools
of medical instruction. Again, the academy history is made the subject of
sufficient mention in the chapter which relates especially to the Homoeopathic
Medical College of Pennsylvania and its successor, Hahnemann Medical Col-
lege and Hospital of Philadelphia, the former of which was in a way the indi-
rect outgrowth of the older institution at Allentown, although not immediately
a part of it. It is proper to state, however, that this first school of homoe-
opathic medical instruction in the world was founded in 1835, and that its
cornerstone was laid with due ceremony on May 27 of that year, the contents
of the box being as follows : Hahnemann's Organon and picture ; the con-
stitution of the academy corporation, printed in German and English ; names
of members of the academy household and the incorporators ; Hering's ad-
dress ; Philadelphia newspapers containing an account of homoeopathy in Ohio ;
a copy of "Freidensbote ;" quantity of homoeopathic medicine, names of state
and city officers ; programme of the celebration.
At a meeting of the founders and incorporators held on the same day
these officers were elected: Constantine Hering, president; John Romig,
vice-president ; Adolphus Bauer, secretary ; Solomon Keck, treasurer ; Will-
iam Wesselhoeft, Eberhard Freytag, Henry Detwiller, Rev. Christian Becker,
John Rice, C. Pretz, Joseph Saeger and George Keck, directors ; William
Eckert, Rev. Philip H. Goep, Henry Ebner and J. V. R. Hunter, trustees.
On June 17, 1836, the legislature granted a charter to the North Amer-
ican Academy of the Homoeopathic Healing Art, and the institution then incor-
porated by law entered upon its interesting and eventful career. The incor-
poraiors completed the organization of their body, and adopted a constitution
which in its declarations showed the beneficent objects of its founders. The
second article reads as follows : "The Academy shall consider every member
of a Homoeopathic .Society in the United States as a member of its own body,
and shall grant to all equal privileges in the use of what has been accom-
plished by means of its enterprise, according to conditions hereafter mentioned,
without demanding therefor, generally, a stipulated contribution."
The constitution also provided for a thorough course of study, medical
and otherwise, as will, be seen by the following extract from one of the arti-
cles : "The Literary institution according to the express design of its foun-
dation shall be as comprehensive in its operations as possible, and will em-
brace the following branches of study as indispensable to the complete educa-
tion of the physician, viz. : clinical instruction, examination of the sick, and
semeiotics ; pharmacodynamics and materia medica ; pharm.aceutics and med-
ical botany; dietetics; special therapeutics, surgery and obstetrics; medical
jurisprudence; general therapeutics; symptomatology and human pathology;
phvsiology and anatomy ; comparative physiology and comparative anatomy ;
zoology, phytology and mineralogy ; chemistry, physics, geology, astronomy
and mathematics ; history of medicine and natural sciences : the Greek, Latin
and German languages as preparatory studies."
118
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
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This curriculum was broad enougli for the most
advanced medical schools of the day in which the
founders wrought, and theirs was hardly more than
an experimental institution. Indeed the prescribed
course would do justice to many modern colleges.
Those old founders built better than they knew, and
liad the English language been spoken by the fac-
ulty as freely as twenty years later the academy
undoubtedly would have endured to the present time.
However, its downfall has been attributed, in part
at least, to other causes than the mere fact of hav-
ing been a school in which German only was spoken.
HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITALS OF PENNSYLVANIA.
The Homoeopathic Hospital for the Insane at
Allentown. In 1876 an effort was made to secure
a homceopathic hospital for the insane in this state,
but the attempt was not well organized hence noth-
ing came of it; nor of a similar movement in 1888,
although considerable interest was then awakened
in legislative circles and also generally in the med-
ical profession. However, another twelve years
passed before any well organized effort was inaugu-
rated in the direction of such an institution, and then
the initial steps were taken by the Germantown
Homoeopathic Medical Society of Philadelphia, an
organization of about two hundred- influential ho-
mrjeopathic physicians of that city, who fathered
the movement, raised the necessary preliminary
funds, and aroused public interest in favor of the
cnter])rise to such extent that the legislature in
1 90 1 appropriated $300,000 for the purchase of
lands and the erection of hospital buildings, but the
governor cut the appropriation to $50,000, pleading
in justification of his action economy in public ex-
])t'n(litures.
The commission appointed under the act to
select a site, purchase grounds and erect the build-
ings comprised Dr. William P. Snyder of Chester
county, William F, Marshall and Dr. Louis H. Wil-
lard of Allegheny county, W. R. Stroh of Carbon
county, and Dr. Isaac W. Heysinger of Philadelphia,
the latter the representative of the homoeopathic
profession and chairman of the executive commit-
tee of the Germantown medical society which had
taken such earnest interest in the enterprise from
the licginning.
In 1903 the legislature appropriated $300,000
f reduced to $2^0.000 bv the executive) for the
ereclion of hospital buildings at Fast Allentown on
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 11 '^>
lands purchased by the state for that purpose, and on June 2^, 1904, the cor-
nerstone of the main structure was laid with formal ceremonies, the governor
being present and taking part ifi the exercises.
The Cholera' Hospital of Philadelphia was the first public charity of the
homoeopathic school of medicine in this country, and was established by the
authorities of that city during the cholera epidemic of 1832. It was located
in a building on Cherry street, and was placed in charge of Dr. George Bute,,
one of the "homoeopathic pioneers of the city and state. The hospital was
established for a temporary purpose and when the period of the epidemic had
passed the institution was closed.
The Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia was chartered April 20, 1850.
For its purposes a building at the southeast corner of Chestnut and Twenty-
fourth streets was rented! a hospital staff was organized, and in 1852 the
institution was opened for the reception of patients. This was the second
institution of the kind in America. Indeed, it may be regarded as the first
regularly organized homoeopathic hospital in this country. It was continued
only two years.
The Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia for sick and w^ounded soldiers
was the outgrowth of a meeting of patriotic women held September 9, 1862,
at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania for the purpose of
organizing a soldier's hospital. The board of managers of the college fitted up
a building for the reception of patients, with the hope that the war department
would allow such soldiers as preferred homoeopathic treatment to become its
temporary inmates. This, however, was refused, and only disabled soldiers
who had been discharged were received there. Several reports were pub-
lished by the managers, and the institution during its existence was the means
of much good for the public welfare.
The Pennsylvania Homoeopathic Hospital for Children was established
largely through the eft'orts of a number of charitable persons of both sexes
who appreciated the advantages of homoeopathic treatment of children, and
who conceived the idea of an institution especially for them. A building in
West Philadelphia was secured and fitted up for the purpose, and was opened
April 24, 1877; a board of managers was created, of which Mrs. William H.
Furness was president and Miss H. W. Hinckley secretary. The hospital
stafif comprised Dr; W. C. Goodno, attending surgeon ; Dr. C. B. Knerr, at-
tending physician ; Dr. C. R. Norton, resident physician ; Drs. Hering, Lippe,
Raue, H. N. Guernsey and Thomas Moore, consultants ; Dr. C. M. Thomas,
surgeon. In 1880 a gift of $15,000 from the estate of William Weld enabled
the association to purchase the hospital property, and the institution was char-
tered June 19 of tliat year. The hospital occupied one-fourth of a city square,
furnished acQpmmodations for twenty-five patients, and was provided with a
dispensary department. It was continued tmtil after the death of Mrs. Fur-
ness, who had been its chief supporter, when (January, 1886) the hospital
was merged in the Hahnemann Hospital of Philadelphia. In the latter a ward
was established in honor of Mrs. Horace Howard Furness and Mrs. Will-
iam H. Furness, Avhich became known as the Mrs. Furness ward.
The Children's Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia is one of the most
completely appointed institutions of its kind in the world, and is known from
one end of the country to the other. Lt was founded as a public charity, the'
result of an incident which was not uncommon to life in a great city, but in
its immediate foundation was the result of the action of members of the
120 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Hahnemann Club and their determination to estabhsh an institution in which
sick and injured children could receive proper care and attention. To this
€nd a meeting of friends of the enterprise was held at the house of Dr. Bush-
rod W. James on January i6, 1877, and at that time a temporary organization
was effected. On March 5 following the institution was incorporated, a char-
ter was secured, and on April 14 a permanent organization was effected in
the election of a board of directors and officers, as follows : Henry C. Carey,
president ; Enoch Turley, vice-president ; William N. Shoemaker, treasurer ;
Thomas M. Montgomery, secretary.
In connection with the immediate management of the hospital a board of
lady managers was formed, with these officers : Mrs. Joseph Elwell, presi-
dent; Mrs. V. C. Haven and Mrs. Enoch Turley, vice-presidents; Mrs. Will-
iam Shoemaker, treasurer ; Miss Georgiana Sturges. secretary.
The medical staff of the hospital was composed of members of the Hahne-
mann Club, viz. : Drs. Robert J. McClatchev, A. H. Ashton. C. S. Middleton,
E. A. Farrington, Pemberton Dudley, B. F.' Betts, M. M. Walker, J. R. Ear-
hart, W. H. H. Neville, M. S. Williamson, J. Frishmuth and R. C. Smith,
Children's llomccopathic Hospital, Philadi'lpliia.
attendin>,; ])h}sicians ; Mrs. Beulah M. Townsend, matron : Dr. Thomas L.
Bradford, resident physician.
The hospital was opened June 20, 1877, at the northwest corner of Eighth
and Poplar streets (now qoi North f'lighth street). A dispensary was estab-
lished in the same building. The building in this location was occupied by the
hospital association five years, and in 1883 the hospital was removed to North
Board street, where a new site had been secured by purchase at an expense of
$24,000. The new building was formally opened March 14, 1883. The hos-
pital had thirty-six beds ; the dispensary was in a separate building in the
rear; the nurse's school was opened in 1886.
The new quarters were much larger and better suited to the purposes
of the hospital association than the former home on Eighth street, but within
the brief space of ten years it became evident to the managers that still more
commodious buildings must be provided in the near future, and to this end
the directors began the work of determining upon a new location with lands
of sufficient extent to meet the requirements of the institution inr many
years. Soon afterward the committee on. site and buildings secured lands at
HISTOkV UJ" JK )Ma-:oi'ATIlV 121
the corner of Franklin and Tlionipson streets, distant (jne sqnare from (jirard
avenue.
The plans for the new hospital contemplated a large central building with
extensions on both sides, and the latter have been built as occasion made nec-
essary. On September 14, 1898, ground was broken for the main building and
on November 19 following the cornerstone was laid. The structure was
completed and formally opened during the week of June 5-12, 1889, and on
the latter date the inmates of the old hospital on Broad street were transferred
to the new building. The new south wing was begun August 26, 1903, and
was finished and opened June 15, 1904. The north wing, now nearly com-
pleted, will cost $30,000. The buildings previously erected cost $55,000.
The main building has fifty-four beds ; the isolation building four beds ; the
south building seventy-two beds, a total of one hundred and twenty-six beds
in the hospital. The institution is supported chiefly by the state, and in a
less degree bv endowments and voluntary contributions. In 1894, at the earn-
est suggestion of Dr. Bushrod W. James, free beds were set apart for sick
and iniured newsbovs.
t
lieniii; i iuiidiii,^, Medical and Mir!;ical I )fi)ai'tiiicnt.
The Medical, Surgical and Maternity Hospital of the Women's Homce-
opathic Association of Pennsylvania, in the city of Philadelphia, comprising
one of the most worthv institutions in a city famous for noble charities, was
founded in 1882, by seventeen women who previously had been members of
the auxiliary board of managers of the Homoeopathic Hospital of Pennsyl-
vania, and who from their experiences in that institution were in position to
appreciate the necessity of a home in the city for the care of women in confine-
ment. In carrying their resolution into effect a society was formed, and on
December 13, 1882, the Women's Homoeopathic Association of Pennsylvania
was incorporated under the laws of the state. Various means were resorted
to in order to arouse public interest in the proposed institution, and loyal
friends soon provided the means to place the association on a safe and lasting
basis. In June, 1883, through the generosity of Charles D. Reed, lands at the
northeast corner of Susquehanna avenue and Twentieth street were purchased
and paid for, Mr. Reed donating the entire purchase price ($30,000) and also
122 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
contributing liberallv to the general building fund. Another generous bene-
factor was Miss iMary jeanes, who gave to the association the occupancy of
two houses on Twentieth street, and at her death devised the same for the
benefit of the institution. On March 20, 1884, the hospital was opened in
these houses. On July 17 of the same year work was begun on the new
building and was completed in October. 1887. The state appropriated $20,000
for the construction fund of the association. The main structure when com-
pleted was called Hering building, in memory of the late Constantine Hering.
It was opened October 13, 1887. The maternity pavilion was finished May
16, 1890, and was called Sargent building, in allusion to Dr. Rufus Sargent.
The isolation building was begun in the latter part of 1890, was finished in
the next year, and was named Lippe building, in honor of the late Dr. Adolph
Lippe. whose admirers had contributed generously to its construction fund.
The nurse's school was opened soon after the completion of the hospital.
The entire institution is maintained strictly in accordance with the principles
of pure homoeopathy and temperance, and its staff includes nearly all the
Hahnemannian hnmcpopaths in Philadelphia.
Lippe Isolated Pavilion.
The Homoeopathic Medical and Surgical Hospital and Dispensary of
Pittsburgh, one of the best institutions of its kind in the country, was the
result purely of homoeopaniic initiative born of the old-time prejudice on the
part of the allopathic school and its disposition to deny homoeopathic access
to the hospitals of the city. The homoeopathic practitioners of Allegheny
county having failed to secure accommodations in the then existing hospitals
of the city for patients who desired their treatment, determined to establish a
hospital of their own, and for their exclusive use and benefit. For this purpose
an informal organization was effected and grounds and buildings on Second
avenue near Smithfield street were secured and held, through the influence
and good offices of Drs. Burgher, Cote and Hoffman, until a more permanent
organization could be accomplished. On April 4, 1866, a charter was obtained,
trustees and officers were chosen and the work of the corporation was begun
in earnest. Buildings were arranged for the occupancy of the hospital, and
the institutifin \vas opened for patients on August i, 1866.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
123
The hospital was continued in its ori.£?;inal building- until April, 1882,
when the trustees determined to erect new buildings and extend the area of
the surrounding grounds. A considerable fund was required to carry out
the plans of the corporation, but friends were found in the time of need.
William Thaw gave the trustees $50,000 ; the legislature appropriated for the
hospital in 1882 the sum of $50,000, and a like sum in 1884. The Ladies'
Association "house warming" netted more than $17,000; Miss Jane Holmes
gave $15,000, and many smaller contributions were received from various
other sources. With the splendid fund thus created the trustees erected the
present hospital structure, comprising two main buildings, one on First ave-
nue and one on Second avenue, the total cost of which was nearly $234,000.
From 1882 to 1884 hospital work was suspended on account of the improve-
ments, but the completed structure was opened for patients on April i, 1884;
the formal opening was held April 15. On that occasion Dr. Cooper on be-
}.^n?-i V
Sargent or IMaternitv Building.
half ot the building committee handed the kev to Dr. McClelland of the exec-
utive committee.' who accepted the same with the responsibilities of the trust
implied by it. From that time the hospital has been recognized as one of the
most worth}- institutions of the great city in which it is located, and through
the good works there accomplished has been the means of elevating the stand-
ard of the homoeopathic profession both in Pennsvlvania and in America. In
connection with its .general work an excellent nurses' school is maintained.
The institution is supported by the interest on its invested funds, the pay
of patients, and contributions from benevolent persons. The "Hospital News"
is a publication issued monthly by an editorial staff chosen by the officiary of
the hospital corporation.
The Homoeopathic .Aledical and Surgical Hospital of Reading is the out-
growth of the still older Reading Homoeopathic Dispensary Association, which
was organized in 1887 and located on Franklin street. A ladies auxiliary
association was formed in November, 1888. After active measures for organ-
ization and the creation of a necessary fund, a charter w^as obtained in 1890.
Soon afterward tb.e trustees purchased the Dr. Luther Diller property on
Homoeopathic Hospital, PittsbuVKl'-
iiisi'oin' n\- ii()M(]:()rATiiv i:^^
Sixth street, wliich was eciuipped for its intended occupancy through the
generosity of the ladies auxihary. The formal opening was held July i,
i8gi. and since that time the hospital has taken rank with the hest of the city's
charities. 'J1ie hospital staff is chosen from the homoeopathic physicians of
the city. In 1897 the institution received a bequest of $12,000 from the
estate of Maria Von Neida.
The Woman's Southern Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia dates its
history from the year 1895, and is the outgrowth of a dispensary opened in:
September, 1893,. by Dr. Amelia L. Hess and Miss Annie M. Miller in a
small first floor room in what now is Rodman street. The dispensary accom-
plished much good work and the constantly increasing demands upon it neces-
sitatefl frequent removals to more commodious quarters. In 1894 Dr. Han-
nah R. Mulford became a part of the life of the dispensary, and soon after-
ward it was resolved into a private hospital, and was located on South Seventh
street. In 1895 the Woman's Homoeopathic Qub began taking an interest
in the work, and the outcome of its efforts was a charter (October 31, 1896)
for a hospital corporation and the conduct of a hospital, dispensary and mater-
nity home under the name of the Woman's Southern Homoeopathic Hospital
of Philadelphia. In 1897 the premises on the south side of Spruce street,
near Eighth, was purchased and arranged for hospital occupancy. The dis-
pensary is an important department of the w^ork of the hospital. The Ann
May memorial home became a department of the greater institution in 1904.
It is the gift of Mrs. Albionia Whartenbury of Philadelphia as a memorial of
her daughter. Ann May Whartenbury Robinson, and was formally opened at
Spring Lake, New Jersey, June 10, 1904.
St. Luke's Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia had its origin in a
meeting of physicians and laymen held in November, 1895, to discuss the need
of a hospital in the north part of the city. An association was formed and a
house on North Broad street was secured and equipped for its intended occu-
pancy. The formal opening was accompanied with a three days' public recep-
tion, January 7-9, 1896. In October following a training school for nurses
was established in connection with the hospital. The trustees incorporation
was effected January 30, 1896. On September 14, 1899, the trustees, com-
prising men only, resigned and their places were filled with women, under
whose management the institution has since been conducted. However, the
constantly crowded quarters of the hospital made it necessary for the man-
agement to secure more commodious quarters in another location, and to that
end a building committee was chosen to accomplish the work. In May, 1904,
the trustees purchased, at a cost of $75,000, the property formerly ownecl by
Dr. Meyer at the southwest corner of Broad and Wingohocking streets. The
stone buildings on this site are now being arranged for hospital uses. The
site is most desirable for the purpose for wdiich the property is intended. Ac-
cording to the plans, a dispensary will be provided, and located in a separate
building, fronting on Fifteenth street. The main building when fully arranged
will contain rooms for fifty beds, and a separate building will be provided for
servants' quarters.
The J. Lewis Crozer Home and Hospital for Incurables, near Chester,,
was founded through the benevolence of the late Mr. Crozer, for whom the
institution is named. He died in April, 1897, ^^^ i" ^'''s will made provision
for founding a home for incurables and also a homoeopathic hospital, for
which purpose the sum of $50,000 was set apart from his estate. After his
128 HiSTORY UF HOMCEOPATHY ^
death his widow immediately set out to carry the provisions of the bequest
into effect, and in Uctol)er of that year the work of erectino- the home was
begun. The buildings are located at Upland, near Chester, and within its com-
fortable walls are loo rooms, and 40 beds. The medical staff is selected from
the members of the Organon Medical Club of Chester, who have management
of the home and hospital. In 1902 a hospital building was erected, and opened
July 17, 1903. The grounds of the institution include 36 acres, the gift of
Mrs. Crozer independent of her husband's original bequest.
The Hahnemann Hospital at Scranton became one of the incorporated
institutions of the city December 13, 1897, and since that time has been num-
bered among the worthy charities of northern and northeastern Pennsylvania.
It is a public institution in a sense, in that it is in part supported by the state
and in return receives within its hospitable walls patients who are public
charges ; otherwise its support is derived from pay patients and voluntary con-
tributions. In the early part of the year mentioned the homoeopathic physi-
cians of Scranton and interested friends of that school of medicine determined
to establish in the city a homoeopathic hospital, and for that purpose associ-
ated together and became a body corporate. This accomplished, the trustees
secured the James Blair homestead at the corner of Washington and iMulberry
streets, which was the first home of the hospital, but later on more permanent
quarters were found through the generosity of W. W. Scranton, who equipped
for the trustees a comfortable building at the corner of Linden and Monroe
streets. A nurses' school was opened in 1898; the home for nurses was pro-
vided in 1902. The trustees and hospital association are now taking steps
•toward the erection of a new and modern hospital building.
The West Philadelphia Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary was
founded in June, 1903, and permanently organized in 1904, when the property
at the corner of Girard avenue and Fifty-fifth street was secured as the home
of the institution.
REMINISCENCES.
The first epoch in the history of homoeopathy in Pennsylvania extends to
1835, when the first college of homoeopathy in the world — x\llentown Acad-
emy— was established. During this first epoch the system of Hahnemann
had been introduced into two states at nearly the same time and without con-
cert of action.
To Dr. Henry Detwiller, then of Hellertown, is due the honor of having
given the first homoeopathic prescription in Pennsylvania, and the time, July
23, 1828. He was born in Langenbruch, Canton P>asil, Landschaft, Switzer-
land, December 13, 1795. At the village school he showed such aptitude for
learning that when he was thirteen he was sent to a French institute at St.
Immier, where he remained until he was fifteen, when he became a private
pupil of Laurentius Senor, M. D., a graduate of Wurzburg, under whose tui-
tion he prepared for matriculation in the medical department of the L'niver-
sity of Freiburg, in the grand duchy of Baden. He was admitted in, this insti-
tution in the spring of 1814, and studied there for five consecutive semesters.
After leaving the university, having barely reached his majority, and being
fond of the natiu'al sciences, he felt a strong desire to investigate and to ex-
plore the regions of America. So he left Basd in the spring of 181 7. Several
hundred emigrants accomj^anied him to Amsterdam, and on the passage he
acted as physician to the company. When he arrived at Mu}den, near Amster-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
129
(lam. he was asked to present himself to a medical board for examination,
which he did, and passin^^" snccessfully. was appointed physician on the ship
"John of Baltimore," an American vessel from Boston. It was an old three-
master, on its farewell trip, almost worn out and unseaworthy, but it took
on board over fom- hundred men, women and children. The captain taking
a southerly course, goin^- south of Bermuda in the middle of July, the oppres-
sive heat produced dysentery, cholera morbus anrl a prostrating diarrhoea.
The ship's medicine chest was not proijcrly supplied and Dr. Detwiller and
General Vandame were obliged to furnish medicines from their own private
stores. The vessel reached Philadelphia the last of July. The passengers
were largely redemptioners and were obliged to remain on board until prop-
erly disposed of. Many were sick and they with those similarly afflicted from
Henry Detwiller, M. D.
another vessel in port were entrusted to Dr. Detwilltr by the port physician,
and the ofiticial physician at quarantine placed the same trust in him.
While thus detained in Philadelphia Dr. Detwiller through General Van-
dame became acquaintefl with Dr. Alonges, a French physician who often
called him in consultation in the family of General \'andame and other French
refugees then in Philadelphia. At the suggestion of Joseph Bonaparte, Gen-
eral \'andame and Dr. Ivlonges, Detwiller abandoned his original purpose of
going into the Indian country, and decided to establish himself in a localily
where the Genr.an language was chiefly spoken. Being well provided with
letters of introduction, he went to Allentown, Pa., and on September 2, 1817,
entered the office of Dr. Charles H. Martin as an assistant. Here he remained
for seven months. During the fall and winter of 1817-18 there appeared in
130 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
many parts of Lehigh and the adjoining- counties a disease attacking whole
famihes with more or less severity, and attended in convalescence with fre-
quent relapses, the patients being sick for months and then often dying from
phthisis or dropsy. This disease was diagnosed by the physicians as bilious
colic, as one of the most prominent symptoms was abdominal or intestinal
pain, with very obstinate costiveness and vomiting. The treatment had
been with opium and calomel in very large doses, powerful laxatives, tobacco
smoke even being forced into the rectum, while salivation was indulged in
extensively. Detwiller was able to discover that the real cause of the preva-
lent epidemic was lead poisoning produced from the glazing with litharge of
earthen pots in which apple butter, often rather sour, had' been kept. This
discovery and his successful antidotal treatment gained for the young doctor
a great reputation, and he was urged to settle in many different localities.
He finally selected- Hellertown, and in April, 1818, opened an office there.
In December he married Elizabeth Appel, a native of the vicinity, and who
died seventeen years later, leaving three sons and four daughters.
Dr. Detwiller writes of himself: 'T began to practice homoeopathy in
the year 1828, July 23, at Hellertown, Pa. Dr. W. Wesselhoeft at that time
practicing in Bath, Dr. E. Freytag in Bethlehem, Dr. Becker in Kreidersville,
myself at Hellertown, all in Northampton county, met frequently at the house
of Dr. Freytag, interchanged our experiences in the then to us, new practice,
prepared a kind of repertory for our own use. Homoeopathic treatment in an
epidemic of dysentery in the fall of 1829 (where out of 86 only two proved
fatal) urged us to closer studies. Dr. Wesselhoeft furnished books and medi-
cines which he received from his friend Dr. Stapf as a present. In 1831 I
received the then extant whole library of works on homoeopathy, together
with the medicines, from my friend Dr. Siegrist in Basil."
Dr. Wesselhoeft in Bath was twelve miles north of Hellertown, but he
often met Detwiller socially and in consultation. At one of these meetings
Wesselhoeft said that he had received from his father and Dr. Stapf in Ger-
many some books on homoeopathy and a box of homoeopathic medicines.
They commenced to investigate the new system. Detwiller studied up a case
he then had on hand and decided that Pulsatilla was the proper remedy. He
gave it, the first dose of homoeopathic medicine given in Pennsylvania, on
July 23, 1828. The result was a speedy cure. From this time he was a steady
practitioner and champion of the principles of homoeopathy.
Dr. Wesselhoeft soon began to give homoeopathic medicines, and Dr.
Eberhard Freytag also. The Rev. Christian J. Becker of Kreidersville, of
whom Detwiller speaks, was a clergyman who had been partially educated in
medicine and became greatly interested in the new method. The result of
the investigations convinced him of its truth and he practiced with consider-
able success among the poor of his neighborhood. In 1830 Dr. John Romig
joined this band of workers.
In 1836 Dr. Detwiller visited Europe in company with his eldest son,
whom he placed at school where he was to remain for four years. While in
Europe he visited Professors Schoenlcin, Oken and Schintz at Zurich to
converse upon scientific subjects. Fle also had several interviews with Hahne-
mann in Paris in the interests of homoeopathy in the United States, and espe-
cially of the Allentown Academy, then just started. He also visited his alma
mater, presenting his certificates of examination (absolutorium) executed in
the fall of 1816, when he was unable because of youth to receive his diploma.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 131
Thus, after an absence of twenty years, he applied to the medical faculty for
a re-examination. After a most thorough examination on the different
branches including operations on the cadaver, he was granted a diploma.
He returned to the United States and resumed practice at Hellertown,
remaining there until 1852, when he removed to Easton. He introduced
homoeopathy into Easton and had much opposition at first to contend against.
During his long residence at Hellertown, Detwiller, notwithstanding his very
extensive and arduous practice, always found time to follow his favorite study
of natural science. He collected his "Flora Sauconensis," his specimens hav-
ing been gathered largely in upper and lower Saucon. He made many botan-
ical excursions with his friends De Schweinetz and Huebner. His ornitho-
logical specimens, the mammals, reptiliae, cheloniae, etc., represent nearly
the whole fauna of Pennsylvania. The greater part of this collection was
Samuel R. Dubs, M. D.
donated to public institutions and museums in Europe, especially to the Uni-
versity of Basil, he being corresponding member of the Natural History
Society there.
In 1836 he became a member of the faculty of the Allentown Academy.
He was one of the organizers of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in
1844. In 1866 he assisted in the formation of the Pennsylvania State Homoe-
opathic Society. In 1886 at the dedication of the Hahnemann Medical College
building on Broad street, Philadelphia, he was present, bowed with the weight
of years, and with long whitened hair, but with eyes still bright and skin
clear.
Dr. Detwiller died at Easton April 21. 1887. He had been seventy-two
years in practice and was ninety-two years of age. About three weeks before
132 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
his death ho arose at an early hour, as had been his habit from childhood, took
his regular morning- walk, and near the corner of Fourth and Northampton
streets fell, striking his forehead on the pavement. He was assisted to his
feet, returned to his office, partook of his customary lunch and went to Beth-
lehem to attend several patients. The next day he made professional calls at
Frenchtown, N. J., and in the evening of the third day began to feel the
effects of his fall. He was then confined to his room but almost to the last
gave directions for the treatment of his patients. He was interested in educa-
tional matters and in many business enterprises. His family consisted of three
sons and four daughters. He left twenty-seven grandchildren, twenty-one
great-grandchildren and two great-great-grandchildren.
As has been stated, the companion of Dr. Detwiller in the first investiga-
tion in Pennsylvania of the truth of homoeopathy was Dr. William Wessel-
hoeft* of Bath in Northampton county. He was the second son of Karl Wes-
selhoeft, who, with his brother-in-law, Friedrich Frommann, owned the largest
publishing house in the university town of Jena during the palmy days of
Saxe- Weimar. William was born in 1794 and when he was four years' old
his father moved from Chemnitz. When he was ten years of age Goethe
took a kindly interest in his education and gave him pencils and paper and
friendly advice, in order to foster a love for drawing, for he believed that
art was an essential to early education, and he himself excelled in it. Nor did
Karl, the father, stint these educational advantages, though impoverished by
the wars with Napoleon. He had residing in his family as private tutor to
his children the celebrated De Wette, afterward professor of theology at Ber-
lin and later at Basle ; and after De Wette, Grossman, who became superin-
tendent of the Lutheran churches at Leipsic. This family school consisted of
William, his brothers Edward and Robert, his sister Wilhekuina, and a ward
of his uncle Frommann, Minna Herzlied, celebrated in the "Memoirs of
Goethe" as one of the ladies who for a time held the sentimental poet's heart.
In 1809 Wesselhoeft became a pupil at the Real-Schule of Nuremburg,
then under the direction of G. H. von Schubert, the great natural philosopher
and psychologist, in whose autobiography may be found frequent mention of
young Wesselhoeft. Here, besides studying Latin and Greek, he began his
profound studies in the natural sciences, including anatomy, of which he was
very fond, becoming very expert in anatomical drawings. His botanical
studies also were extensive, and he prepared a valuable hortus siccus. Dur-
ing his student life, he was in the habit of making extensive tours for the
purpose of explorations in botany, mineralogy and geology, and his collections
of mineral and geological specimens were given to Dr. Adolph Douai for
the benefit of the students in the Perkins Institution for the Blind.
Our young savant also studied transcendental physics with the celebrated
Oken. In 1813, being nineteen years old, he entered the University of Jena,
graduating there seven years afterward as doctor of medicine, having per-
fected his general and medical education at the universities of Berlin and
Wurzburg, at each of which he resided for a season, and at which he passed
the second and third examinations necessary in Germany to obtain a license to
practice medicine.
Wesselhoeft was not only a scholar of parts liut also an attractive man
of the world. At this time Goethe was mucli interested in meteorology, and
^Memorial of Dr. William Wesselhoeft. hy P'lizahctli P. Peabody. Boston, 1859.
i[iSTORV OF TK)^r^l•:op.\T^[y las
Wesselhoeft enjoyed niakino ol)?ervations of the clouds for him at the observa-
tory at Jena.
Wesselhoeft was in s\-nipathy with the young patriots who had returned
from German army service, in which struggle Koerner fell in 1806. When
in Berlin in 1819 he became intimate with "Old Jahn." who invented the mod-
ern system of gymnastics and had in Berlin a gymnasium as early as 181 1.
It was the time of the Burschenschaften in Germany, or secret political societies
to promote nationality ; and William and Robert Wesselhoeft, who were stu-
dents at Jena, were' very active in promoting these organizations. These
Burschenschaften were betrayed by a traitor and many were arrested, among
them William and Robert Wesselhoeft. William, who was at the time pur-
suing his studies at Berlin, was thrown into the political prison, and Robert
was' confined in the fortress at Magdeburg. WilHam escaped after a two
months" imprisonment and was for a long time concealed in his father's house
at Jena. Then young Dr. William wished to go to the assistance of the
Greeks, who were struggling for freedom. He became surgeon to the Ger-
man Philhellenen and started w^ell equipped with surgical appliances. Indeed
so ample was the quantity of lint and of bandages prepared by his sister Wil-
helmina, his friend Ferdinanda, and others in the secret, that it is said to
have served him all his life. When he arrived at Marseilles an injunction wa3
laid on the vessel, and no more volunteers could go to Greece. From Mar-
seilles he went to Switzerland, where were his friends Follen and Beck and
De Wette, who had found positions at the University of Basle. In this uni-
versity Wesselhoeft also found employment as demonstrator of anatomy and
assistant oculist. He remained there two years, and spent his vacations in
tours among the lofty mountains not only for love of natural science but for
the picturesque. During the later years of his life he often talke'd of revisit-
ing Switzerland, and the last picture he purchased was a painting of the Alps
reminding him, as he said, of his own youth.
But "there was interference by the allied powers with the German refu-
gees, driving Drs. Follen and Beck from Switzerland, and compelling Wessel-
hoeft to leave for America at the same time. Some letters showing his sym-
pathy with Follen had fallen into the hands of the despots. He sailed from
Antwerp and was four months on the voyage. On his arrival he w^ent to Le-
high county. Pa., where lived a German family he had known at home. From
there he went to Northampton county, seeking a place to practice, and finally
settled at Bath, where the population was largely German. Follen and
Beck, who also came to America, made efiforts to induce him to go to Massa-
chusetts. In 1825 Ticknor wrote asking him to take charge of the gymnas-
ium at Cambridge and Boston, but already a large practice occupied him at
Bath and he refused. Here he married Sarah Palmer, in whose family he
had become known bv his professional calls as an allopathic physician. Even
then he was meditating a change, and studying the svstem of Hahnemann.
He frankly told his fiancee his plans, of the unsatisfactory methods of the
prevailing therapeutics, and of the possibility that his change in medical prac-
tice would for a time hurt his income.
Soon after Wesselhoeft had come to America certain of his old class-
mates had become interested in homoeopathy and wrote to him to test the
medicines. His old friend Stapf sent him the Organon provins-s, together
Avith homoeopathic medicines. At first it seemed absurd to him. but a love
of fair play to the man who had devoted so much time to this new materia
134 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
medica induced him to test its virtues. Infinitesimal doses were hardest to
accept. His first experiment was in a case of ozaena whose symptoms indi-
cated Hahnemann's thirtieth dihition of some medicine. He said : " I was
really ashamed to give the thirtieth dilution and substituted the sixth." When
he went the next day his patient was sitting up in bed, the symptoms much
worse and she very angry. The disease was cured, however, without another
dose. Among his first successes was his treatment of croup with pongia and
hepar. He communicated these cases to Freytag, Detwiller and to others,
and they engaged in personal investigation. So great was the confidence in
him that his patients were willing to take the small doses that he soon began
to prescribe. The story of the first provcrs' union, the first society, the Allen-
town Academy, with all which Wesselhoeft was identified, will appear in
proper sequence. When the success of the academy became doubtful, Hering
went to Philadelphia and Wesselhoeft to Allentown to try to support the
institution.
In 1842 Wesselhoeft decided to remove to Boston. His brother Robert,
who had been a lawyer in Weimar and an officer of the government, was
arrested with other members of the Burschenschaften, and for seven years was
kept in mild imprisonment, but on the accession of Frederick William IV of
Prussia, he was released, returned to Jena, married, and was given his old
government position. But his principles were too liberal, and he was
requested by the authorities to leave Europe and take up his abode in America.
With his family he came to Allentown and made his home with his brother.
Robert was taught the materia medica during the year they resided at Allen-
town. He afterward removed to Cambridge, Mass., and William, to Boston,
and it was not long before they together founded the Brattleboro (Vt.)
water cure. This was established in 1846, and was continued until 1851.
Dr. William expected in removing from the interior of Pennsylvania to
Boston to find again that cultured companionship he had known in Germany,
and doubtless believed the physicians of Boston would be liberal enough to
investigate the new medical system; but he was met by ridicule and contempt.
He passed his sons and nephews through Harvard Medical School, however,
and set himself quietly to practice. At that time there were four or five
homoeopathic physicians in Boston, among whom Wesselhoeft's greater experi-
ence gave him the lead. He was soon engaged in a large and lucrative practice.
During the last year of his life he became aware that he was overtaxing his
constitution. He went for a vacation to the country, but a cold brought him
back to the city. He sent to Philadelphia for Hering, his old friend, refusing
to see all others that he might have strength to talk to him. About twelve
hours before he could expect him to arrive he was sitting near his wife, her
hand in his, when suddenly he brought his other hand upon it, pressed it
tenderly several times and said "Will you go with me?" Then he arose,
made two or three firm steps towards the bed and fell. On being raised up
it was seen that he "was beyond and above" — September i. 1858.
Another of this little medical fraternity in Pennsylvania was Eberhard
Freytag, then practicing in Bethlehem. At that time he was sixty years old.
He was associated with all the advancements of the new system in Northamp-
ton county, in the first society and the academy. Until the time of his death.
March 14, 1846, he was an enthusiastic believer in the new medical law.
He was one of the charter members of the institute, and his was the first
death presented to that society. He was 82 years when he died. The records
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
135
of his life are meagre. The Northampton County Homoeopathic Medical
Society passed resolutions of regret and resolved to report the death at the
meeting of homoeopathic physicians about to assemble in convention at Phila-
delphia in May. These resolutions appear in the transactions of the American
Institute of Homoeopathy for 1846.
Rev. Christian J. Becker was an original director of Allentown Academy,
He became a successful practitioner among his parishioners and was a member
of the first homoeopathic medical society. About 1838 he practiced homoe-
opathy at Harrisburg.
Dr. John Romig was born in Lehigh county, January 3, 1804, and was
of German ancestry. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in
1825, and located at Fogelsville, Lehigh county. In the spring of 1829 he
H. H. Hoffman, M. D.
removed to Allentown, forming a partnership with Dr. Charles H. Martin.
About 1832 or 1833 he commenced to practice homoeopathy and was asso-
ciated in all the homoeopathic enterprises of that time. He was professor of
obstetrics in the Allentown Academy. In 1838 he removed to Baltimore
with others to introduce homoeopathy. Drs. Haynel and McManus were then
in homoeopathic practice there. He remained but two years, returning to
Allentown, where he passed the rest of his life. He had two sons, William
H. and George M. Romig, both graduates of the University of Pennsylvania
and of the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, George in 1870 and
William in 1871.
One of the important members of this homoeopathic brotherhood and
136 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
one whose influence was extensive, was Rev. Johannes Helfrich. He was the
son of Rev. John Henry Helfrich of Mosbach in Germany, who was sent to
America bv the Moravian synod of Holland in 1771. He was placed at
Weisenberg in Lehigh county (then called Northampton) and at this place
Johannes was born January 17, 1795. He was educated for the ministry at
rhiladelphia and while yet there pursuing his' studies he was called to the
charge left vacant by his father's recent death. This was in the spring of
181 6. He was licensed and accepted- the call, and three vears later he received
ordination at the synod of Lancaster. He served this charge all his life. On
April 19. 1818, he married Salome Schantz. Three years after marriage he
purchased a home within a mile from that in which his father had resided.
He was a warm friend of the Germans and his house became a hospitable
home for many immigrants. Lentil his two sons were grown to manhood he
kept, at different times, six very able German teachers who were well versed
in the sciences. At this time his home was known all about the country as
the " Weisenberg Academy." He was the means of educating many who
afterwards became professional and influential men. Among the German
professors at his academy was Dr. William Wesselhoeft. It was through
Wesselhoeft that Mr. Helfrich became interested in homoeopathy. He read
his medical books, listened to his discussions on the new medical law, and
with him made many botanical expeditions in order to find new remedies.
Mr. Helfrich also became intimate with Hering and was greatly influenced
by his enthusiasm. For a number of years Mr. Helfrich in connection with
his pastoral labors was accustomed to prescribe homceopathic remedies for the
ailments of his parishioners, but this so overtaxed his strength that he
required all patients to call at his home. It was soon filled with invalids
and took the form of a hospital, rather than a school. In the fall of 1830
Mr. Helfrich arranged his work to devote two davs weekly to medical treat-
ment. On these days as many as twenty or thirty patients were regularly
present and homoeopathy was given a practical test. Dr. Wesselhoeft, at
that time settled at Bath, made weekly visits to the Weisenberg hospital to
assist in the treatment and to further instruct Helfrich. The results of this
clinic and dispensary were very encouraging. These meetings were con-
tinued until the establishment of the Northampton society in 1834. Then
came the establishment of the Allentown Academy, of which Mr. Helfrich
was a founder. From this institution Mr. Helfrich received one of the first
diplomas granted. He was now fully established as a phvsician and the
demands upon his medical skill constantly increased. His eldest son, John
Henr} Helfrich. graduated in Philadelphia as a physician in 1846 and estab-
lished himself in his father's home in Weisenberg. In 1849 Mr. Helfrich
published a German book on homceopathic veterinary practice, the first book
on the subject published in this country. Dr. J. H. Helfrich, the son, prac-
ticed in Allentown until his death. The elder Helfrich died April 8, 1852.
The weekly reunions of these earnest physicians, Wesselhoeft, Detwiller,
Freytag and Becker, were begun in 1828, and were held for convenience at
the house of Dr. Freytag in Bethlehem. In 1829 an epidemic of dysentery
occurred in Northamjjton county, and at- that time Dr. Wesselhoeft gave up
the old practice and devoted himself entirely to the practice of homoeopathy.
For a year he treated free all cases that came to him, wishing to learn more
thoroughly the new materia medica. He established offices in Bath and sur-
rounding places, where he invited the sick to come for treatment, and he
HISTORY OF IIUMCEUPATHY
137
devoted a part of each day to these cUnics. Previous to 1830 he furnished
all the medicines and books, but in that year Dr. Detwiller received the com-
plete publications of homcEopathy and also its medicines from Dr. Siegrist
of Basel ( Basle ) , who had been practicing homoeopathy in Switzerland for
several years. But there was need of a more extended organization, and on
August 23, 1834, was formed the Homoeopathic Society of Northampton and
Counties Adjacent, of which mention is made elsewhere in this chapter. In
the meantime, however, homoeopathy had been introduced into Philadelphia
by Dr, Carl Ihm, a native of Frankfort-on-the-Main, and a graduate of the
University of Wurzburg, in Bavaria. It is supposed that his coming to
Philadelphia was induced by William Geisse, a wealthv German merchant of
that city, and a personal friend of Hahnemann, with the purpose of investi-
gating the truth of homoeopathy. Dr.
Ihm studied the doctrine, adopted its
tenets and began practice. He was the
first homoeopathic physician in the city.
In the latter part of 1833 he went to
Tioga county, practiced there wdth Dr.
Lewis Saynich, and afterward went to
Cuba.
The question of precedence in
next prescribing homoeopathic medi-
cines in Philadelphia seems to lie be-
tween Dr. Charles F. Matlack and Dr.
George H. Bute. Matlack graduated
from the University of Pennsylvania
in 1820. In an autograph letter he
writes : " I may here remark that I be-
lieve I was the first American physi-
cian in chronological order who prac-
ticed in Philadelphia according to the
homoeopathic method. I employed it
by way of experiment as early as the
winter of 1832-33." He practiced
homoeopathy in the city for many
years, removing thence to German-
town in 185 1. In 1833 he translated
Hering's address before the Hahne-
mannian Society— Kurze Uebersicht der Homoeopathischen Heilkunst (A Con-
cise A lew of the Rise and Progress of Homoeopathic Medicine). He died in
1874. Dr. Matlack was a member of the Society of Friends and his early
stand for homeopathy probably influenced the course taken by so manv of
that sect, both in the United States and in England, in relation to the adoption
of homoeopathy.
George Henry Bute was born in the duchy of Schaumburg Lippe Buecke-
burg, :\Iay 20, 1792. During the French 'dominion in Germany he left
home to escape military conscription. He led a roving life for several years,
servmg on a Dutch man-of-war. He visited the soudiern parts of Europe,
even Constantinople, but deserted at Genoa, traversed Germany on foot and
came to the United. States, reaching Philadelphia in August, 1819. He
became acquainted with the Moravians through their bishop, and in 1822
J. C. Burgher, M. D.
138 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
entered Nazartth Hail, the Moravian boarding school at Nazareth, Pa., as
teacher. He married at Nazareth Mary Bardill, daughter of a Moravian
missionary, in April, 1825, and returned to Philadelphia, where he was em-
ployed in a store until after the arrival from Germany of his younger brother
Charles, when the two started a sugar refinery. In 1828 he received a special
commission to go to Surinam (Dutch Guiana) as a Moravian missionary.
Being stationed in the city of Paramaribo, he became acquainted with Dr.
Constantine Hering, who was there as a botanist and geologist for the Saxon
government, and who was also practicing homoeopathy. Bute became a stu-
dent of Hering, but returned to the United States in 1831. He landed in
Boston and later went to Nazareth to perfect himself in medicine. The chol-
era epidemic of 1832 broke out in Philadelphia and he went there, devoting his
time to the care of the victims and the custody of the hospital on Cherry
street. He was a partner with Hering in Philadelphia and practiced there
for six years, when ill health compelled his return to Nazareth, where he
passed the rest of his life. He died there February 13, 1876, aged eighty-three
years. He was the prover of several important remedies and all his life was
enthusiastic in the advancement of homoeopathy.
Constantine Hering was the most powerful factor in the growth of early
American homoeopathy. He was a physician, poet, scientist, naturalist, psy-
chologist, scholar and author. Reaching America just at a time when there
was need of ^ome one to organize the few men who were practicing homoe-
opathy and to find methods to spread the new medical doctrine, Hering was
able to accomplish all these things. When he had been in this country only
a few months we find him addressing the little , Philadelphia Homoeopathic
Society on the subject of homoeopathy, in which address he gave a complete
account of Hahnemann and his discoveries and practice. He was the principal
mover in the establishment of that first college of homoeopathy, the Allen-
town Academy, whose graduates spread the truths of the new doctrine all
over the country, although in 1835, when the academy was opened, there were
no practitioners of the system in any state except New York and Pennsyl-
vania; in 1840 there were practitioners in sixteen different states, and the
pupils of the Allentovvn Academy had carried the new medical system into all
of them.
Constantine Hering was born in Oschatz, a small town between Dresden
and Leipsic, January i, 1800, The family originally was from Moravia and
the family name was Hrinka. His father was devoted to teaching and music,
and published several works on musical instruction. In 1795 he was given
the position of conrector and organist of the church of Oschatz, with the
title of magister. His family consisted of three daughters and four sons.
When Constantine Hering was born his father was seated at the organ, and
when the news was brought to him, answered with that grand old anthem of
praise, "Nun Danket Alle Gott." The diligence passed through the town of
Oschatz and often a traveller of note stopped over night and spent the even-
ing with Magister Hering. Hering listened to their talk. Seume, a literary
man, inspired him with his talk about America and democracy and love of
freedom and hatred of the privileged classes. His teachers were cultured men ;
August Rudolph was an excellent mathematician and taught him to love
mathematics. History young Hering called "a collection of foolish and hor-
rible things.'' He preferred the study of plants, insects and stones. He
earned reproof from Herr Rudolph by refusing to call Peter of Russia, Peter
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 139
the Great, but wrote in his composition, "Peter, whom fools call great." Her-
ing in his boyhood saw the march to Russia of the French army, and its ter-
rible retreat. A part of the army passed by his father's door, and one day a
company halted and demanded food. Constantine, then twelve, ran out with
a loaf of black (rye) bread, which an officer took only to fling it on the
ground where it was kicked about by the soldiers. "It's good bread," said
the boy, "my mother made it ; don't you know God will punish you for throw-
ing bread away?" On the retreat the same squad stopped again at the door
and again young Hering took out bread, this time white bread, to them. The
same officer, wasted and in rags, his arm in a sling,. met the boy. "Ah! my
boy," he explained, "the curse you told us of has fallen upon us."
Hering found his first stimulus to natural history on a grapevine, the
caterpillar called sphynx atropos. This atropos, followed in later years by the
lachesis (the poisonous snake), reminded him of the "Three Fates." He
once said : "The destinies have come to me in reverse order." First came
atropos, the inflexible, who cuts the thread of life, next lachesis, who spins
it, and finally clotho, holding the distaff. He likened his work in writing the
materia medica to the spinning of threads in a fabric, and when the web was
well done, he said, "When I shall be called hence the work will be left on
the loom for other hands to weave." He now became enthusiastic in col-
lecting insects, stones and plants. He made long excursions to the neigh-
boring hills and valleys and returned laden with specimens. He would stop
at some inn to arrange them, and it was there he learned the plain simple
language he so much loved.
In 1817 the young naturalist was sent to an academy in Dresden, where
he studied surgery. A year later a copy of Euclid fell into his hands at an
old book stall. He resolved to go home and give himself to Greek and mathe-
matics, which he did until 1820, when he went to Leipsic, where he studied
seven courses in medicine. He then went to Wurzburg, attracted by the
fame of Schoenlein, the pathologist, with whom he formed a friendship which
his conversion to homoeopathy never disturbed. He graduated at Wurzburg
with the highest honors, in 1826. As was the custom, he presented at gradu-
ation a thesis which he was obliged to defend in public disputation with mem-
bers of the faculty and students. The following preamble in Latin was printed
on the cover of his. dissertation :
"Johann Lucas Schoenlein, Dean pro tempore of the gracious order of physicians,
Doctor of Philosophy, Medicine and Surgery, and public professor in ordinary, etc., etc.,
with all due courtesy, invites the noble vice-rector of the Academy, the senate fathers,
the professors of all grades, the academic citizens, finally men of letters and the patrons
.of letters, to public disputation, to be held March 22d, 1826, at 9 A. M., by the very
noble, illustrious and learned man, Mr. Constantine Hering, Saxon, under the presidency
of Caritanus Textor, Doctor of Philosophy, Medicine and Surgery, Aulic Councillor to
the August King of Bavaria, and public professor in ordinary, etc., etc., for the purpose
of duly obtaining the highest honors in Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics."
This printed invitation which young Hering had to extend for his dis-
putatia inaugiiralis contained a number of short propositions or theses in
Latin, each one of which he stood ready to defend in argument. A transla-
tion of the "Questiones inaugtdares and Theses'' is here given :
1. Springs are living fossils.
2. I hold that there are nerv-es in the placenta.
3. The " ganglion petrosum " is to the ear what the " ganglion ophthalmicum "
is to the eye.
140 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
4. The olfactory, optic and acoustic nerves are apophyses of the cerebrum and
cerebellum, not nerves.
5. The old man is the perfect man.
6 Materia Medica is to Hahnemann what Pathology was to Hippocrates.
7. Such as life i.s, is disease.
8. The rational system is not merely the better, but the only one in pathology.
9. I deny psychic^ diseases.
10. Any disease may be removed at any stage.
Hering- received his degree of doctor of medicine, surgery and obstetrics,
March 22, 1826. His medical examination was severe, doubly so because of
his known devotion to ' homoeopathy. From 1817 to 1826, the nine years
previous to graduation, Hering's life was that of a student. By his fellows
he was nicknamed "Wisent," from his studious habits. He was poor and
his privation.s were many. He first became interested in homoeopathy by
promising to write against it. His preceptor in the University of Leipsic,
Dr. J. Henry Robbi, who had been surgeon in the army of Napoleon and had
served in Larrey's ambulance, introduced Hering into practical surgery and
in 1820 made him one of his assistants. Baumgartner, the founder of a pub-
lishing hotise, wanted a book written against homoeopathy, for after Hahne-
mann was obliged to leave Leipsic to escape persecution it was thought that
homoeopathy would die out, but as this death seemed too slow this book was
intended to hasten the end. Robbi was offered the work but refused and
recommended his assistant. It was nearly completed when, in order to make
quotations, Hering was provided with Hahnemann's books. In the third vol-
ume of the "Materia Medica" he found the "nota bene for my critics." This
induced him to make experiments, and ended in convincing him of the truth
of homoeopathy. The book was never finished. An old friend, an apothe--
cary, was delighted that he was writing against homoeopathy, but when Her-
ing went to him one day for some peruvian bark, telling him he wished it
for a homoeopathic proving, his friend said, "My young friend, don't you know
there is danger in that?" Herins- replied that as he was a mathematician he
believed he could distinguish the true from the false. His old friends and
others now shunned him and said he was going crazy.
In making an autopsy Hering poisoned a finger, which soon became
gangrenous. Leeches, calomel and caustics were of no avail and aiuputation
was advised and rejected. He did not yet believe that external diseases could
be benefited by internal remedies and when an older practitioner of homoe-
opathy proposed to treat the hand with homoeopathic pellets, he ridiculed the
suggestion, but permitted him to give him some small doses of arsenic. The
wound soon began to heal. Hering said of this: "I owed to it far more
than the preservation of a finger. To Hahnemann, who had saved my finger,
I gave my whole hand, and to the promulgation of his teaching, not only my
hand, but the entire man. body and soul."
After graduation Hering became a teacher of natural sciences and mathe-
matics in the Blochmann Institute, an academy in Dresden for edticating
young noblemen. On recommendation of Blochmann, he was sent by the king
of Saxony on a botanical and zoological expedition to Surinam and Cayenne.
An old friend. Christo]:)he Weigcl, was appointed botanist to the exjjedition.
He remained in Sm-inam six years. While he pursued his naturalist work
he also practiced homteojiathy. He resided in the Moravian colony of Surimm
and had every opportunity to practice his profession. During his stav he
wrote letters and papers on homtieopathy for his friend Stapf, editor of the
HISTORY OF H0M(E01'ATHY
141
"Arcliiv fur die honioopathisliee Hcilkunst," a lioniceopathic journal of that
period. This offended the physician of the king^. and orders were sent from
the government to abandon his homoeopathy and to attend to his zoological
duties alone, and in future to avnd publishing such offensive articles. The
day after he received this letter Hering made up his accounts and sent them
with a letter resigning further connection with the governmental mission.
He then commenced the practice of homoeopathy in Paramaribo, at the same
time continued collecting specimens. This double pursuit he soon found too
much, and learning through a friend, George fjute, that an academy of natural
sciences had been founded in Philadelphia, and that Rev. Mr. Schweinitz, a
well known m\cologist, was a prominent member, he decided in 1830 to send
all his botonioal collections, mostly cry])togramic. and zoological collections
Hering's Lachesis bnaKc.
to this academy. He did so and became a corresponding meml^er. The life
of Constantine Hering m Guiana was interesting. He was a visitor to the
leper colony of Surinam, seeking to alleviate the terrible suffering, and his
observations there greatly enriched the therapeutics of leprosy. He studied
the habits and customs of the Creoles, mulattoes. negroes and Arrowackian
Indians. He penetrated deep into the trackless forest to meet this tribe,
and it was there he found the surukuku snake — the lachesis — whose atten-
uated venom has relieved many sick peoi)le since that time. While he was in
South America in July. 1828. Hering and his wife were living in a little camp
on the upper Amazon river, on the edge of the great tropical forests. The natives
were his assistants and had told him much of a deadly serpent living there and
142 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
he had offered them a reward for a live specimen. One day they brought in a
bamboo box, and then fled from the place. They had brought him a living
ghurukuku, the most venomous of their snakes. It was the lachesis trigon-
acephalus, or lance-headed viper. He and his wife were alone, and he was
about to risk life itself in order to obtam its venom. As the box was opened
he struck the snake a blow on the head, and then placed the head under a
forked stick and pressed out the poison on sugar of milk. The poison thus
obtained was for many years the only supply used in preparing the attenua-
tions of our lachesis. He brought the dead snake with him to the United
States and it is now preserved in the Academy of Natural Sciences in Phila-
delphia.
The ship in which Hering sailed from South America was old and badly
handled. She was bound for Salem, Mass., but went ashore on the Rhode
Island coast, and finally put in at Martha's Vineyard. Hering stepped ashore
on a Simday morning in January, 1833. On the ground lay snow, the first he
had seen in seven years. "I took it up," he said, "and was happy." He soon
went to Philadelphia, and there passed the rest of his life. Dr. Hering always
retained pleasant recollections of his life in South America. He kept the
golden piece, his first fee there, as a keep-sake and his son-in-law. Dr. Knerr,
still has it.
In Pennsylvania in 1833 there were ten physicians practicing homoe-
opathy, and of these, Drs. Bute, Ihm and Matlack were in Philadelphia. Bute
at once welcomed Hering, who became associated wath him in practice. Al-
though he had to fight bitter prejudice, it was not long before his skill gained
for him a large clientage. In the first year of his residence in the city he
married Marianne Hussman, daughter of George Hussman. Dr. Hering's
influence was at once felt. There was the faithful coterie in Northampton
county, Lx)uis Saynich was at Blossburg and Edward Mansa in Buffalo
township. Tiering was welcomed, and in that same year of 1833 there was
formed in Philadelphia the Hahnemannian Society. It was organized on
Hahnemann's birthday, April 10, 1833, but three months after. Hering reached
the city, and was composed of both physicians and laymen. On April 18, 1833,
Hering delivered a scholarlv address "A Concise View of the Rise and Prog-
ress of Homoeopathic Medicine," in which he gave an account of the life of
Hahnemann, his progressive discoveries in medicine and a lucid explanation
of the real principles underlying homoeopathy. He said : "May our benefi-
cent Society largely contribute to the wider prevalence and reception of the
Hahnemannian doctrines ; may that which single individuals can of them-
selves scarcely achieve be effectuated bv united efforts ; then in this blessed
country, may the miseries of disease be diminished, future generations be
rescued from its leaden fetters, the bitterest human misery — disease bearing
down all earthly joy become less from year to year and the sweetest boon on
earth — health and domestic felicity, become the portion of growing thousands.
* * * It will succeed here sooner than in Europe, for, among a free
people, who with practiced eyes, soon discern the truly useful, a treasure
like this new art must quickly be estimated in a degree commensurate with its
real value. * * * The American people demand facts and upon these we can
confidently and securely rest for our support. The language of opposition
may be employed against it, but truth is not long obscured here by forms of
speech. The victory will be ours, and in a century to come the anniversary
of our society, this first step on the way which must lead to the public and
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 143
general acknowledgment of the new doctrines will be solemnized with grate-
ful remembrance. So great an aim cannot be attained without labor, but we
are prepared to undertake it ; we shall not arrive at it without conflict, but we
stand equipped for conflict; we shall not reach it without defamation, but we
will suffer ridicule and defamation with composure."
Hering's address was published in German by Wesselhoeft, and was
translated into English by Matlack and published by the Hahnemannian Soci-
ety in 1833. It made a small octavo pamphlet of thirty pages, and was the
second homoeopathic publication printed in the United States. Having been
printed in German and English, and being largely circulated and extensively
John Henry Floto, ]\I. D.
noted and quoted by the public press, the address brought homoeopathy to the
notice of the people. Dr. Hering died in Philadelphia,"july 23, 1880. '
Dr. P. Scheurer was of the Allentown coterie. He was born in Lehigh
county, August 18, 1799, and labored in the ministry for fifty years. Ill health
induced him to read medical books and he acquired a knowledge regarding
the practice of medicine. In 1839 he became interested in homoeopathv and
afterward practiced successfully, devoting nearly all his time to it. He died
at Hanover, April 20, 1875.
In the list of directors of Allentown Academy appears the name John
Henry Floto. He also was a student and received a diploma. He went to
California and lived to enjoy the distinction of being the oldest homoeopathic
physician in the world, in January, 1896, the "Pacific Coast Journal of Homoe-
144 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
opathy" published his picture with the legend : "John H. Floto, the oldest
practicing- homeopathist in the world."
Christian Frederic Geist was a member of the Allentown Academy in
1836. He afterward practiced in Boston.
Another of the students of Allentown Academy was Charles Haeseler.
After graduation in 1836 he went to Lewistown in Lebanon county, where he
remained two years. He afterward settled in Poctsville.
Jacob Schmidt was a student at Allentown. He was born at Kreuznach,
Germany, June 29, 1813, came 10 the United States in 1836 and found em-
ployment in his profession as civil engineer. He was received by Hering as
a student in his office and member in his family. He remained three years,
having meanwhile attended lectures at the Pennsylvania College (allopathic),
and received a degree from the Allentown Academy. Dr. Schmidt located
in Baltimore.
GROWTH OF H0:\I0E01'ATHY IN PENNSYLVANIA.
While homoeopathy in New York was establishing itself through its cir-
cle of enthusiastic investigators, the band of earnest physicians at the new
homoeopathic school at Allentown were busily engaged in teaching the doc-
trines of similia, and it was gaining a strong foothold in Philadelphia and
certain towns throughout the state. The second epoch includes the period
between the establishment of Allentown Academ^• and the organization of the
American Institute of Homoeopathy, in 1844.
In January, 1833, when Hering reached Philadelphia, there were but the
two homoeopaths, >Ihm and Bute, in practice there. Dviring the year 1833
several physicians had begun to investigate. Dr. Matlack began practice
about the same time as Bute. In 1833 William Schmotde, a native of Ger-
many, came to Philadelphia and became a student and assistant of Bute's.
He graduated at the Allentown Academy and established a large practice in
the city, where he remained until 1844, when ht returned to Germany and
spent four years in studying special branches of medicine, especially pathology
and morbid anatomy, under Rokitansky and other pathologists. Returning
to Philadelphia, he assisted in organizing Penn Medical University in 1854.
Schmoele is said to have been one of the first men in this country to advo-
cate the germ theory of disease. After 1857 ^^^^ time was in part devoted to
business operations. The date of his death is unknown. In 1835 Drs. Jacob
Jeanes, Gideon Humphrey and Jonas Green, three allopathic physicians, joined
the homoeopathic ranks. Each began the investigation of homoeopathy on the
same day.
Dr. Jeanes was born in Philadelphia, October 4, 1800, and died December
18, 1877. '^^ 0"6 of the founders and faculty of the Homteopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania his professional life is made the subject of extended
mention in that connection, hence need not be repeated here.
Gideon Humphrey, the next of the three who embraced homoeopathy in
1835, was born at Simsbury, Conn., in the year 1776 or 1778. His parents
were of the ancient famil\- of Homfray of Normandy. At an early age he
lost his father and at fourteen he left home and made his wav on foot to
Fort Niagara to join his brother, ]\Iajor Enoch Humphrey of the army, who
was stationed there, and who in later years highly distinguished himself at
the battle of New Orleans. The country about the fort was almost a wilder-
ness and the bov arrived there shoeless and with bleedin*'- feet. He was too
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 145
young to be of service and spent the most of his time with the Indians, join-
ing them in hunting excursions and often sleepmg in the snow wrapped in
his blanket. After some years of wandering Hfe he dev(jted himself to the
study of medicuie in New York city, and graduated at Columbia College. He
afterward received appointments as surgeon on board various vessels, sailing:
to almost every part of the world ; was once captured at Havre, France, and
tried as a spy, but was acquitted. He visited the West Indies and was pres-
ent during the revolution of Santo Domingo, and was instrumental in saving
many of tlie planters fron: massacre. He joined the Miranda expeditioij in
1806, which, was intended to revolutionize a portion of South America, and
was appointed surgeon on the ship "Emperor." They were attacked by a
Spanish fleet and captured, with the exception of one or two small vessels,
on one of which he escaped and returned to New York, where he commenced
the practice of his profession ; but inducements were offered him to move
further south and he located in Delaware county, I'a. After residing many
years in Delaware county he went to Philadelphia. He soon became well
known and was celebrated for his great skill and success. As age began to
tax his powers, he wearied of city life and purchased a home on the confines
of Burlington, X. J., where he lived in almost total seclusion. Subsequently
he went to L5e\erly, \. J., where he passed the rest of his life, devoting his
time to reading, meditation and the cultivation of his grounds, for he was a
lover of nature. He gradually became blind. He continued the practice of
allopathy until 1834, when he became acquainted with Hering and was induced
to investigate homoeopathy. He resisted for some time, bvit being broad and
progressive in his views and an earnest seeker after truth, he was honest
in his trials and at last became a convert to Hahnemann's law and adopted it
in his extensive practice. He published an "Address to the Public on the
Regular Practice of Medicine" (Burlington, 1848), and edited "Ruoft''s Rep-
ertory," "Broackes on Constipation," and Curie's "Domestic Homoeopathy."
He died at Beverly, August 3, 1872, aged 94 years.
Of Jonas Green there is but little jecord. He practiced allopathy in
Philadelphia, and became interested in homoeopathy in 1835. In 1836 he
published a pamphlet of 24 pages, "A Familiar Exposition of Homoeopathia,
or a Xew Aiode of Curing Diseases." After explaining the new doctrme he
says: "For years after 1 first heard of homoeop'athia, I had no knowledge of
its doctrines, except that which I obtained through the distorted medium of
the English medical journals. The ridicule there cast upon it by ignorant and
interested writers at that time produced upon my mind, warped as it was by
prejudice, a conviction of its utter worthlessness and folly. Time rolled on
and the subject was forgotten only w'hen my attention was called to it by
relations of alleged cures performed by homoeopathic practitioners ; the cause
oi which I was willing to attribute to chance, to nature, to any thing rather
than to homoeopathia. At length, however, some of my personal friends, who,
I knew had long labored under severe indisposition and who had sought the
aid of the most distinguished members of the faculty, not only in vain, but
whose disease had been aggravated when under their treatment, had recourse
to homoeopathia, and with benefit. An accumulation of similar facts which
could be solved only by an admission of the efficacy of the new treatment
left m.e no alternative and I determined to investigate the principles of this
wonder working power. I accordingly experimented upon my own person,
being then in a state of health, and found to my surprise that I was very
146
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
sensibly affected by the small doses. Still doubting, however, the issue of the
first experiment, I repeated it again and again with similar results. Two
or three of my friends about the same time took the same article and acknowl-
edged that they were also affected, some slightly, others more severely accord-
ing to their different susceptibilities. The evidence of such facts I could no
longer resist, though I had cherished in advance a strong desire to disprove
the truth of the doctrine. My next step was to try the medicines upon the
sick ; an opportunity soon offered, I studied the symptoms carefully, selected
the remedy according to the directions of the system, and had the pleasure of
witnessing a complete recovery. This was fhe case of a young lady who had
suffered from re]x"ated attacks of Fever and Ague, which from time to time I
Charles Neidhard, M. D.
had removed by the use of sulphate of quinine. On this occasion, however,
being the third time she had relapsed, J. administered two or three doses of
China, which effected a permanent cure, as more than a year has elapsed and
she has had no return of the disease. The cure could not be attributed to the
force of the imagination as the patient knew nothing of my plan of treatment.
An equally wonderful instance of the power possessed by aconite in reducing
arterial action and febrile excitement, occurred in the case of a young man
of very full habit to whom I was called one evening and was informed that
during the preceding night he had been restless and delirious, getting no sleep,
during the day he had much heat and fever, and was becoming every moment
worse, pain in the head violent, pulse full and quick with great force, thirst
intolerable, face flushed and much heat in the head. To this patient I fur-
nished a dose of aconite, ordering it to be dissolved in three or four table-
spoonfuls of water, one to be given every two or three hours until relieved;
after the second dose the fever subsided, the heat abated, he fell into a gentle
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 147
sleep which continued till late in the morning. When I visited him next day
all the unfavorable symptoms had subsided and he was about to walk out,
nor did they ever return." Dr. Green was an original member of the Amer-
ican Institute of Homoeopathy. He practiced in Philadelphia, where he died
December 25, 1868.
In 1836 Dr. Charles Neidhard came to Philadelphia and Dr. G. S. F.
Pfeiffer settled in Germantown. Drs. Jacob Lentz, Caleb B. Matthews,
George Lingcn and Richard Gardiner were added to the homoeopathic pro-
fession in Philadelphia in the same year. Reminiscences of the professional
life of Dr. Neidhard may be found in the history of the Homceopathic Medi-
cal College of Pennsylvania, in which he was a conspicuous factor.
Of Dr. G. S. F. Pfeiffer little is known. He removed to Philadelphia in
1837 and in 1846 was still living in that city.
There is but meagre record of Dr. George Lingen. He embraced homoe-
opathy in 1836, and about that time engaged in the sale of homoeopathic med-
icines. In 1848 he v/as located at Yellow Springs, Pa. Later he went south.
Dr. Malcolm Macfarlan says that Dr. Lmgen was practicing homoeopathy at
Mobile in 1862-63. He was a German of fine education with a taste for the
arts. He died in 1868 at the age of fifty years.
Of Dr. Jacob Lentz there is no record. He embraced homoeopathy in
1836, practiced in Philadelphia, and died in 1841. He was a member of the
Homoeopathic Society in 1838.
Dr. James Kitchen, of Welsh descent, was born in Philadelphia March
8, 1800. His early education was acquired in a private school kept by a Mr.
Robinson. Later he prepared for college at a boarding school at Newtown,
Pa. While there he became acquainted with Dr. William S. Helmuth. He
entered the academic department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1817,
receiving the degree of A. B. in 1819. He at once entered the medical
department imder the preceptorship of Dr. Thomas A. Hewson, and gradu-
ated in 1822. Soon after he went abroad, spending two years in travel and
study in England, Scotland, Holland and France. In Paris he listened to
Laennec as he demonstrated the use of the stethoscope, then just invented by
him ; walked the wards of the hospital with Dupuytren, who made his visits
before breakfast in dressing gown and slippers ; and attended the lectures of
Larray, army surgeon to Napoleon, of Broussais and other eminent medical
men. He returned to Philadelphia in 1824 and opened an office next door
to his father's house. His first year of practice yielded $40.00 ; the next year,
$80.00. Finding little encouragement in Philadelphia, Dr. Kitchen determined
to settle in New Orleans. His trunks were packed and the da}- fixed for de-
parture, when his father was taken suddenly sick, and after a short illness
died. Before his death his son promised him that he would remain in Phila-
delphia and care for his mother and sisters. The trunks were unpacked, he
opened an office in his father's house and assumed the responsibility of the
head of a family. Though Dr. Kitchen never married he was always at
the head of a large household and a large family of relatives looked to him
for support and counsel. For sixty-six years his sisters, nephews, nieces,
grandnephews and nieces received his fatherly devotion, and all of them
honored their "Uncle Doctor" Kitchen. His business and influence now rap-
idly increased. He was placed in charge of the quarantine station in 1831
and was post physician from 1832 to 1836.
Dr. Kitchen's attention was called to homoeopathy in 1836, and having
148 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
made a test of its medicine and treatment, he was so pleased with the result
that in 1839, after fifteen years practice of allopathy, he formally became a
homcEopathic practitioner. He was a ready writer and contributed many valu-
able articles to the journals. In 1828 he translated from the French Bouil-
lard's "Treatise on Rheumatism," and in 1841 made a translation of Jahr's-
"Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia," which was for some time the standard text-
book of homoeopathic pharmacy. In its introduction he gave his reasons for
embracing homoeopathy. He was one of the corporators of the Homoeopathic
College in 1848, and took a lively interest in that institution. He was one of
the editors of the "Philadelphia Journal of Homoeopathy." He practiced
medicine over seventy years. After an attack of cholera in 1832, and of ship
fever in 1847, he had a severe attack of malarial fever in 1877, after which he-
was obliged to decline night calls. From July, 1893, he was confined to his
room and kept his bed six months prior to his death, which occurred August
19, 1894. When celebrating his ninety-first birthday he said : "When I was
born Philadelphia was a town of 70,000 people, and now I have seen an in-
crease of over a million."
In 1840 there were several accessions to the homoeopathic ranks, among
them being Drs. William S. Helmuth, Coburn Whitehead, Bernard Bernes and
Samuel R. Dubs. Mention of Dr. Helmuth will be found in the history of the ,
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania.
Samuel Richard Dubs was born in Philadelphia, November 8, 181 1, and
was educated in the public and high schools of that city. At the age of sixteen-
he was placed in a drug store, where he remained for a year without pay.
In 1829 he entered the ofifice of Prof. Charles D. Meigs and attended a par-
tial course of lectures in the medical department of the Pennsylvania Univer-
sity. Being thrown on his own resources, he bought a drug store on credit
and conducted it so successfully that he was able to continue his studies and'
graduate in 1836. For three years Dr. Dubs practiced allopathy and then
was prostrated for months with haemoptysis. When recovered sufficiently to-
walk about he still suffered with a cough and gastromalacia. Obtaining no
relief from allopathy, and having studied Hahnemann's Organon and Materia
Medica, he tried nux vomica, following it with doses of sulphur, and was
cured. He then adopted the system. He continued in active practice until
in 1858 when he had another attack of haemoptysis and retired to his farm
in Doylestown, where he remained for two years quietly. Pie was then
induced to practice in the neighborhood. In 1868 he returned to Philadelphia
to practice, remaining until 1872, when he was obliged to return to Doyles-
town on account of his health. He died at Doylestown, December 26. 1889,
in his seventy-eighth year. In 1839 and 1840 Dr. Dubs first advised the use-
of the decimal scale in preparing medicines instead of the Hahnemannian
centesimal. He was one of the founders of the American Institute, a mem-
ber of the Prover's Union, and a corporator of the Philadelphia Homoeopathic-
College. He married, first, in 1866, Adelaide Ross, and after her death, Marv
E. Wolfe.
Joseph Bcrens adopted homoeopathy in 1841. He was born' in Eslohe,,
Westphalia, December 2, 1813. Plis early education was obtained in Germany.
In 1840 he attended lectures in the medical department of the Pennsylvania
College, and graduated in March 2, 1841. IDuring his young life Dr. Berens
was subjected to much heroic treatment, saw its effects in his family and was-
led by the unsatisfactory methods of the old school to turn to homoeopathy.
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 149
He first practiced it in Cincinnati, but soon returned to Philadelphia, where
he died.
Dr. Bernard Bcrens began the practice of homoeopathy in Philadelphia
in 1840. He joined the institute in 1846. But little is found regarding him.
He died in Philadelphia, May 15, 1886.
Moses Anderson practiced homoeopathy in Philadelphia in the forties,
and his name is given in the list of Philadelphia homoeopathists published in
the transactions of the institute for 1846. He died April 18, 1855.
Dr. Coburn Whitehead established himself in Philadelphia as a homoe-
opathic physician in 1840. and went from there to Harrisburg. His name
appears as a member of the American institute in the transactions for 1846.
At that time he was located in Harrisburg.
James Kitchen, M. D.
G. Eiliger, a native of Strasburg. Germany, introduced homoeopathy in
Germantown about 1845. He traveled in the stage coach from Philadelphia
to Bethlehem, stopping at towns on the way one day each week. Afterward
he passed half of his time in Philadelphia and the other half in Germantown.
During the years between 1828 and 1844, which comprise the first epoch
■of homoeopathy in Pennsylvania, the new school had become established in
many towns in the state. As early as 1832 Dr. Lewis Saynisch, a German,
highly educated and a graduate of medicine from a German university, lo-
cated at Blossburg, Tioga county. He had met Hahnemann shortly after
graduating, and during a discussion with him had become convinced of the
truths of the new law of cure. After coming to America he was for a time
150 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
associated in practice with Carl Ihm in Philadelphia, and he was considered
the best physician in that part of the state. His practice extended into New
York and he was often called to visit the sick in Buffalo, Albany, Utica,
Syracuse, and other places in that state as well as in northern Pennsylvania.
He died in 1857.
In 1832 or 1833 Dr. Edward Mansa came from Germany and settled in
Buffalo township, Armstrong county, where he began practice. He remained
there until 1857, then went to Illinois and from there to Missouri, where he
died in 1870. He was succeeded by Dr. S. Simpkins, an allopath, who in
1859 settled at Slate Lick and was obliged to study homoeopathy, so great was
the demand for homoeopathic remedies. His practice was of either school,
as the people desired. He died in 1871, and Was succeeded by his student,
Dr. A. D. Johnson, who was a graduate of the Cleveland Homoeopathic Col-
lege in 1868.
Dr. Edward Caspari located at Prestonville, now called West Grove,
Chester county, as early as 1835. He had been a student under Hering. He
remained there but a short time, going thence to Kentucky.
Dr. Francis Ehrmann introduced homoeopathy into Carlisle, Cumber-
land county, in 1835, remaining there until 1844.
Rev. Christian J. Becker who had been a director of the Allentown Acad-
emy practiced at Harrisburg for a short time in 1839 or 1840.
Dr. Walter Williamson mtroduced homoeopathy into Delaware county
in 1836. Dr. Manning B. Roche was its second practitioner. He settled near
Darby in 1839, remaining for three years when he went to New Bedford,
Mass., introducing homoeopathy into that city in 1841. Dr. Roche was born
in Wilmington, Del., in 1790, -graduated at Princeton College, and in medi-
cine at the Allentown Academy. He retired from practice in 1861 and died
at Riverside, N. J., July 8, 1863, aged seventy-three years.
Dr. Alvan E. Small of Maine located as an allopath at Darby in 1840
and became a homoeopath in 1842. He practiced there until 1845. when he
went to Philadelphia.
Flomoeopathy was introduced into several counties about this period by
Dr. C. G. Reinhold. He was born in Muhlhausen, Germany, November 8,
1802, and was educated at Leipsic. While a medical student in Leipsic he
became intimately acquainted with a disciple of Hahnemann, from whom he
first heard of homoeopathy and with whom he studied that medical system.
He practiced for several years at Muhlhausen. In 1830 he came to the United
States and began to practice homoeopathy in Philadelphia, and was associated
with Dr. Carl Ihm for a time. He remained in Philadelphia until 1834, when
he went to Lebanon, remaining in that town until 1836, and from there went
to Harrisburg and associated himself with Dr. Becker. They dissolved part-
nership in the spring of 1838, at which time Dr. Reinhold removed to Mifflin,
Juniata county, where he remained until 1840 and then located at Lewistown.
He practiced nine years in Lewistown and then went to Boalsburg in Centre
county, locating in 1849 ^"d remaining there until 1858. In 1864. with his
son, Hahnemann E. Reinhold. he settled at Williamsport, where he died from
over-exertion, June 28, 1865, aged sixty-three years. Dr. Reinhold did much
to introduce homoeopathy in a number of towns. In all the places where Ik
settled he was obliged to submit to ridicule, slurs, and jeers at homoeopathy ;
but he gained a large practice. While at Boalsburg his professional circuit
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 151
was extensive. He frequently was called to Mifflin and Lewistown and into
Huntington, Perry, Montour, Union and Northumberland counties.
Dr. Frederick Ehrmann was a physician of Wurtemburg, Germany, and
the son of a physician. He had five sons, all of whom became homoeopathic
physicians. They were Benjamin, Frederick, Christian, Louis and Ernest
Ehrmann. Dr. Ehrmann, the father, came with his family to Pennsylvania
and settled in York county about 1833. The Ehrmanns were important fac-
tors in the introduction of homoeopathy into various towns. Benjamin, when
he reached this country, was twenty-one. He soon joined the Allentown
circle and graduated from that institution. After graduation he settled in
Harrisburg and there in 1842 married Elizabeth Bigler. ' About 1845 he intro-
Alvan E. Small, M. D.
duced homoeopathy into Lancaster county, settling in Lancaster, w^here he
remained for a few months, and then went to Cincinnati. Francis Ehrmann
(or Frederick) located at Carlisle, Cumberland county, about 1845. He later
went to Maryland. Ernest J. Ehrmann studied medicine with his father and
located in Liverpool, York county, being the first homoeopathic practitioner
there.
In 1840 Dr. Alexander H. Burrett introduced homoeopathy into Craw-
ford county, at Guy's Mills. He also practiced for several years at Conneaut-
ville. removing from there to Cincinnati and thence to New Orleans.
Dr. Charles Baver, a native of Wurtemburg, located in Allegheny City
in 1841 or 1842. He had been educated for the ministry at Tubingen, but
had decided to study medicine. He is said to have been retired in manner
152
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
and especially devoted to the materia medica. In the winter of 1865, while
going home from a professional visit, he fell on the ice, his injuries proving
fatal in a few days.
In 1834 Dr. Adolph Bauer established himself in Lynn township. He
received a diploma from the Allentown Academy and afterward went west.
Dr. Ezra Fell commenced the practice of homoeopathy at Norristown,
Montgomery county, in 1842. In 1840 one Dr. Wauke had located at Trappe
in the northern part of the county and was very successful as a practitioner.
Dr. Fell continued in ])ractice in Norristown until 1848, when he was suc-
ceeded by Dr. Thomas Pierce.
Dr. William P. Esrev practiced for a short time in Norristown, about
1845.
' Joseph IJercns, M. D.
Dr. Josei)h II. Pulie, who had been one of tlie professors at the Allen-
town Academy. |)raclice(l for a short time at Troxlertown, Northampton
county.
As has been stared, Dr. Edward Caspari practiced for a short time in
West Grove in 1835. After he left there was no homoeopathic physician in
the county of Chester until 1840, when Dr. Robert May settled in Warwick
township, near Warwick h\irnacc. where he had been a practitioner of allop-
athy since his graduation from the University of Pennsylvania in 1822.
Dr. May said: "I ceased to use calomel and the lancet and finally gave it up
altogether, being fully convinced of its absurdities. I used for a short time
after this Thompsonian or the botanic practice, but I also gave that up. I
then took a trip to the west. After my return I heard of the system of homoe-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATIIY
153
opathy and determined to inquire into its truthfulness. Accordingly, I went
to Philadelphia and visited Dr. Williamson and others. I purchased books
and medicines, and ever since have been an earnest advocate of its truths."
During Dr. May's residence at Warwick he lectured in various places on
homoeopathy. While at Warwick he married ; his wife had studied medicine
and also practiced to some extent before and after the death of her husband,
January 26, 1867.
In 1841 or 1842 Dr. Adolph Lippe introduced the system of Hahnemann
to the people of Reading', 1 Jerks county. He remained there but a year or
two when his place was taken by a Dr. Moore, who after a sojourn of two
years renaoved to Philadelphia. Dr. Caspari practiced for a few months at
Reading in 1843. Dr. Ezekiel Lovejoy was the pioneer in Bradford county,
as early as 1841. His professional life,
however, was more active in Owego,
New York. Leonard Pratt located at
Towanda previous to 1851. Homoeop-
athy was introduced into Union county
hy Dr. Ignatius Brugger, who located
at New Berlin in 1838.
Dr. J. Stuart Leech, after studying
luedicine at Pittsburgh, graduated in
1 841 at the Jefferson Medical College of
Philadelphia. He settled that fall to
practice allopathy in Downington, thirty
miles from Philadelphia. He became a
friend of William Dowming, who had re-
cently been made a convert by the cure
of a daughter after the local physicians
had failed. One evening Dr. Leech, go-
ing to his house, made the remark :
" Well, old Mother Juniner must die to-
night or to-morrow." She was a very
old negress suffering with asthma and
lived on a hill back of the town. She had
been turned over to the young physician
bv three old ones, as a hopeless case.
ITien said Mr. Downing, " Why not
try some homoeopathic remedies ? It can
do no harm, can it? " Dr. Leech thought it could do neither harm nor good but
he was induced to give some pellets of arsenicum from Mr. Downing's domes-
tic case. He gave her half the contents of the bottle during the night and the
aggravation nearly killed her, but the next day she was better and soon per-
fectly recovered. Dr. Leech returned to Philadelphia, gained all the informa-
tion possible about homoeppathy and returned to Downington in 1842 to prac-
tice it. He soon established a very large and lucrative business. He was born
in 1811.
The first person to use homoeopathic medicines in Lebanon county was
a Mr. J. C. Reisner, who in 1835 prescribed them for his neighbors and others.
Dr. Benjamin Becker settled in the town in 1835, but remained only a few
months. In 1840 Dr. John Hatton Marsden introduced homoeopathy in Adams
county. He was at the time a clergyman located at York Sulphur Springs.
G. Reichhelm, M. D.
154 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
He afterward regularly studied and graduated. In 1845 Dr. Ehrmann, of
Carlisle, treated certain cases, and one Jacob Bender, with a box of medicines
and a book, practiced gratuitously among his neighbors.
In 1853 Dr. Thomas Bryan introduced homoeopathy in Beaver county,
locating at New Sheffield. Dr. Pretsch was the first pioneer in Blair county,
settling at Hollidaysburg. A Catholic priest first brought homoeopathy to
Butler county, about 1854, being stationed at Saxonburg. In 1864 Dr. Max
J. Werder located at Johnstown, Cambria county. Dr. J. Crowley Bunting
located at Mauch Chunk, Carbon county, in 1855. Dr. C. G. Rheinhold intro-
duced it into Centre county in 1849. Dr. F. S. Smith settled in Clinton county
in 1859, being the first homoeopathist there, locating at Lockhaven. Dr. J.
C. Rutter settled at Bloomsburg, Columbia county, in 1855. Dr. S. Marvin
settled at Springfield. Erie county, in 1848. Dr. Alonzo Potter Bowie set-
tled as the first homoeopathist in Fayette county, at Uniontown. Dr. J.
Gourhea, in 1876, was the only practitioner of the system in Green county. In
Huntington county Dr. Wiestling was in 1859 the homoeopathic practitioner.
In Indiana county Dr. W. Hunter was the pioneer, located at Blairsville. In
Jefiferson county Dr. R. S. Hunt was the pioneer, located at Brockville. Drs.
Samuel Searles and David C. Porter as early as 1848 located at New Castle,
Lawrence county. In 1865 Dr. G. T. Moore located in Mercer county. In
Montour county a Dr. Scott was the pioneer, located at Danville. In Venango
county Dr. I. W. Pond was the pioneer ; in Warren county. Dr. Samuel Adams
Robinson ; in Washington county. Dr. George Inglis ; in Wayne county, Dr.
Edwin West, at Honesdale. in 1849; i^ Westmoreland county. Dr. F. X.
Spranger, who located at GreensBurg in 1861.
HOMOEOPATHY WEST OF THE ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS.
In the summer of 1837 the Rev. Father Byer, a Catholic clergyman sta-
tioned in Pittsburgh, having learned of the advantages of homoeopathy, wrote
a letter to Dr. Hermg, then at Allentown, asking him to send a homoeopathic
practitioner to the city beyond the Alleghenies. Hering presented this re-
quest to some of the younger of the men attending his post-graduate school
at Allentown, and among those asked to consider this call was Gustavus
Reichhelm, a young and enthusiastic Prussian, who had learned the princi-
ples of homoeopathy from Wesselhoeft, Hering and others of the Allentown
faculty. ,
Gustavus Reichhelm came to America in the autumn of 1834 and became
acquainted with Hering and his followers. He was born at Alt Damm, a
village near Stettin in Prussia, January 30, 1807. He and his brother Fred-
erick began their studies at the preparatory gymnasium. Their father died
January 30, 1816. Gustavus remained at the gymnasium until ready to enter
the University of Halle, where he applied himself to the study of jurispru-
dence, but soon changed to medicine. He continued his medical studies at
Berlin. The Allentown Academy had just been opened when he reached
Pennsylvania, and he entered as a student of homoeopathy. He had already
commenced to practice at Hamburg, Pa., when the request came from Pitts-
burgh. To leave this medical brotherhood and to go out into what then was
the wilderness of an unknown region seemed a difficult undertaking ; but
when Hering urged him to accept he said, "Give me five minutes to think of
it," and before the time of deliberation was passed he had decided to make
the journey.
HISTORY OF HOMCF.OPATHY
155
Dr. Reichhclm was gladly received by Father Byer and the few others
who believed in the new method. He began his work in Pittsburgh October
lo, 1837. He was known at first as the "Dutch Doctor," and the "Sugar-
powder Doctor," and he was denounced by the old school physicians, ostra-
cised by the clergy and boycotted by the druggists, but he went his way quiet-
ly, making cures and gaming friends among the people. He was employed as
attending physician at the Catholic Orphan Asylum and the cures he made
there attracted much attention. During twelve years under his administra-
tion, with several epidemics of measles, whooping cough and scarlet fever,
there were but two deaths in the institution. It is said that more children
died within one year after Reichhelm was superseded by an allopathic physi-
Benj. Becker
cian than during the whole term of his service. The change of doctors was
made because the institution had passed into control of another order of
sisters, who knew nothing of homoeopathy and preferred a Catholic medical
attendant. When the physicians found that ridicule failed to check the new
practice they resorted to slander. Two prominent allopaths circulated a mali-
cious report. A respectful but prompt demand was made for retraction. One
physician offered an explanation but the other ignored Reichhelm's note. A
suit for damages was brought and friends of the parties effected a compro-
mise. For eight years Reichhelm was alone in Pittsburgh, until 1845, when
Dr. Charles Bayer located at Allegheny City, on the other side of the river.
Dr. Reichhelm remained in Pittsburgh until 1853. when he went to Phila-
delphia, where he practiced until his death, which occurred November 21,
156 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1861. Dr. Dake thus describes him: "Reichhehn was finely educated, of
commanding presence, self reHant, of few words, and always cheerful and
kind." He was a strong figure in the army of the stalwart pioneers of homoe-
opathy in America.
Benjamin Becker, born in Sumneytown, Montgomery county. Pa., March
22, 1796, was a son of Dr. J. J. Becker, a German, who came to this country
in 1775. When fifteen years old young Becker assisted his father in preparing
medicines, and also in minor surgical operations, and often went with him
to the bedside. After his father's death, in 1813, he wished to continue his
studies, but having no means was obliged to work for several years to earn
them. In 1819 he attended his first course at the University of Pennsyl-
vania. In 1820 he settled at Lyneville, Lehigh county, and soon had a good
practice. In 1824 he moved to Hamburg, near the line of the Schuylkill canal,
then being excavated, and soon had a large practice from the accidents and
the malarial fevers prevalent there. In an epidemic of dysentery that fol-
lowed, Dr. Becker by his novel methods of practice was very successful. In
1833 he was appointed steward, physician and clerk of the Schuylkill county
poorhouse. In July, 1835, he removed to Orwigsburg, where on account of
some remarkable cures of which he had heard, he became interested in homoe-
opathy and finally adopted it. He now had to undergo the customary ridi-
cule, sarcasm and proscription that always befell the conscientious seeker after
medical truth, but his practice increased so rapidly and he had so many calls
to Lebanon, that he decided to move there. He soon had an extensive prac-
tice in many neighboring towns. He thus introduced homoeopathy into Leb-
anon, Harrisburg, Dauphin, Lancaster, York, Cumberland, Perry, Snyder,
Juniata, Northumberland and Luzerne counties. In 1839 he removed his
family to Orwigsburg, surrendered his practice to his associate, and during
the next seven years traveled in the west; and in five successive journies he
practiced homoeopathy in Ohio, Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Cali-
fornia, Colorado and Utah. In 1866 he received a degree from the Homoe-
opathic Medical College of Pennsylvania.
Dr. Ignatius Brugger, who first located in New Berlin, was born at
Uper-Eichsel, Ober Amt Schopheim, in the grand duchy of Baden, July 31,
1809. His father died when he was two years old. He attended day school
until he was eleven years of age, then was obliged to work for a farmer,
remaining with him until he was fifteen. He then received several months
tuition in German, Latin and French from a teacher in Rheinfelden, Switzer-
land. In November, 1826, he entered the gymnasium at Freiburg, remaining
until 1827. He then studied at the lyceum at Constance, Baden, for two and
a half years, when he went to the University of Freiburg, attending lectures
in philosophy, medicine, surgery and obstetrics until April, 1834, when he
came to' America and arrived in New York in October, 1834. He at once
sought Dr. Detwiller of Hellerstown, Pa., who received him kindly and invited
him to study homoeopathy with him and assist him in practice. He accepted,
remaining with Detwiller for several months and then commenced practice
in Bucks county, near OuakertoWn, but soon removed to Skippacksvillc, and
from there to Philadelphia. In January, 1838, he located in New Berlin, where
he remained until 1856, when he settled at Lewisburg and was for two years
associated with Dr. J. F. Harvey. In January, 1842, he married Mary M.
Smith of Berlin. The date of his death is unknown.
William P. Esrey was the oldest son of Josejih b'srey of Maple town-
IIIS'IUKV (JF iiUMcJ-JJl'ATHY
] J7
ship, Delaware county, and was born in 1818. In 1841 he commenced the
study of medicine with Dr. Walter Williamson and graduated at Jefferson
Medical College in 1844. After graduating he remained for some months
Avith Dr. Williamson in order to obtain a more thorough knowledge of homoe-
opathy. He then went to Norristowri, but was soon afterward summoned
back to Philadelphia by his preceptor as an assistant. After a year he opened
an office for himself in the city. He joined the institute in 1846. He was
the author of a work on anatomy and physiology, and also compiled a reper-
tory to the materia medica of American provings, which was published as part
of the transactions of the American Institute of Homoeopathy. He also trans-
lated several works from the German into English. He died in Philadelphia'
September 28. 1854.
Obadiah C. Buckley, A
Dispensaries. The following homoeopathic dispensaries have been estab-
lished in Pennsylvania : Allegheny City Free Dispensarv, organized, April,
1875; Allentown Homeopathic Dispensary, opened in 1884; Chester Homoe-
opathic Dispensary, 1882 ; Dispensary of Children's Homoeopathic Hospital
of Pennsylvania. April 24, 1877; Dispensary of Children's Homoeopathic
Hospital of Philadelphia. June 20. 1877; Dispensary of Little Wanderer's
Home, Philadelphia, 1870; Frankford Homoeopathic Dispensary; Free Dis-
pensary of Homoeopathic Medical Societv of Twenty-third Ward, Philadel-
phia, 1882; Germantown Homoeopathic Dispensary, July 20, 1869; Hahne-
mann Medical College Dispensary, 1867; Hahnemann Medical College and
Hospital Dispensary; Homoeopathic Hospital Dispensary, Philadelphia, 1869;:
158
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Homoeopathic Infirmary of Philadelphia, 1859; Homoeopathic Dispensary of
Southeastern Philadelphia, Novemher 14, 1859; Johnstown Homoeopathic Dis-
pensary, 1889; Northeastern Homoeopathic Dispensary, 1874; Philadelphia
Homoeopathic Dispensary, 1848; Philadelphia Homoeopathic Eye, Ear, Throat
and Surgical Dispensary ; Pittsburgh Homoeopathic Hospital Dispensary,
1866; Reading Homoeopathic Medical and Surgical Dispensary, 1887; Ridge
Avenue Homoeopathic Dispensary, Philadelphia.
J. G. Wesselhoeft was the first to sell homoeopathic books and medicines
in Pennsylvania. As early as 1833 he was located on Broad street in Phila-
delphia. Dr. George Lingen sold homoeopathic supplies, and they were also
Obadiah C. Brickley, U. 1).
sold at the Academical book store in Allentown. Jacob Behlert made cases
for Hering's domestic physician. In 1838 Dr. John Tanner returned from
Leipsic, where he had been a student of the Leipsic Homoeopathic Pharmacy,
and opened the United States Homoeopathic Pharmacy at No. 104 Chestnut
street, Philadelphia. Dr. Gideon Humphrey sold homeopathic medicines,
as also did Dr. Jonas Green. About 1835 Mr. William Radde, clerk to Mr.
Wesselhoeft, went to New York city, taking possession of that branch of
his business. Not long after Mr. Radde bought out the Philadelphia interests.
In 1843 Mr. Charles L. Rademacher opened a pharmacy at No. 39 North
Fourth street. In 1848 Dr. Jacob Sheek became his partner and they located
at 239 Mulberry street (now No. 635 Arch street). Mr. Rademacher with-
drew in 1855 Dr. Sheek continued the business until his death in 1858.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
159
William Radde, Jr., son of William Radde, bought Dr. Sheek's stock, con-
tinuing in the same place until his death in 1862. Dr. Francis E. Boericke
succeeded him. at the same location. In 1869 Dr. Boericke formed a partner-
ship with Mr. Adolph J. Tafel, under the firm name of Boericke & Tafel.
In 1852 Matthews and Houard opened a pharmacy at Eighth and Spruce
streets. The pharmacy afterward passed into the hands of Dr. Boericke.
There have been several others engaged in the sale of homoeopathic medicines
in Philadelphia. At present there are the firms of Boericke & Tafel, Boericke
and Runyon, and Mr. Carl Vischer.
Homo'opafhic physicians in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania previous to
i860. The date preceding the name indicates the year the physician began
the practice of homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner
originally was of some other school ; the character x indicates that phvsician
practiced medicine before the date given.
PHILADELPHIA.
1856
Aldey, John H.
1856
1846
Anderson, Moses x
1857
1852
Ashton, Adolphus H.
1835
1846
Bell, Sanford x
1835
1840
Berens, Bernard
18.9
I84I
Berens, Joseph
1848
1856
Brooks, Silas Swift *
1855
1857
Brown, T. x
1H57
1857
Burdett, S. D. x
1835
185s
Bunting, Thomas Crowell
1857
1857
Campton, C. B. x
18S3
1857
Climte, J. C. x
1846
1853
Cowley, David
1837
1845
Coxe, John Redman, Jr.
1847
1855
Cresson, Charles C.
1857
1839
Dubs, Samuel Richard *
1857
1857
Duhring, George H. x
1856
1852
Duffield, Henry
1851
1855
Earhart, Jacob R.
1836
1857
Elder, W. x
1846
1857
Evans, R. T. x
1836
1844
Esrey, William P.
1838
1847
Fellger, Adolph *
1844
1837
Freedley, Samuel *
1856
1850
Frost, James H. P.
1856
1855
Gallagher, Joseph H.
1832
1855
Geary. John Fitzgibbon
1836
1836
Gardiner, Richard *
1852
1843
Gardiner. William A.
1857
1846
Geib, William x
1857
1857
Cause, Owen Beverly
1849
1857
Gilman, J. B. x
1856
1857
Greenbank, J. x
1854
1844
Guernsey, Henry Newell
1853
1853
Gumpert, B. Barton
1836
1853
Helmuth, William Tod
1837
1830
Helmuth, William Sheaff *
T846
1840
Hempel, Charles Julius
1857
1826
Hering. Constantine *
1840
I85I
Houard. John Gustavus
1837
1858
Hitchens, Peter S.
i8so
T857
Houghton, C J. X
1852
Houghton, John S.
Huber, A. x
Humphrey, Gideon
Hussman, F. C.
Ihm, Carl
James, Davis *
James, Richard S.
James, Bushrod Washington
Jeanes, Jacob *
Johnson, J. x
Johnston, Edward R.
Kern, B. F. x
Kitchen, James *
Koch, August Wilhelm
Koeifier, E. x
Kreeger, G. H. x
Leech. Charles A.
Lee, John K.
Lcntz, Jacob
Leon, Alexis x
Lingen, George
Lippe, Adolph
Loomis, Joseph G. *
McAllister, James Mairs
McClatchey, Robert John
Matlack, Charles F. *
Matthews, Caleb Bentley
Metcalfe. William
Middleton, R. S. x
Miles, Dr. x
Moore, Thomas *
Morgan, John Coleman
Murphy, William
Musgrave, John Freedley
Neidhard, Charles *
Nuncy. C x
Pehrson, J. G. G. x
Pearson, S. A. x
Powers, W. R. *
Pfeiffer, George S. F.
Raue, Charles Gottleib
Randel, John Massey
160
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1852
1S35
1S46
1833
1846
1846
1844
1846
i84Jt
1839
1857
1857
1857
1857
1838
1857
1852
1856
1857
1851
1 845
1857
1855
1854
1855
1857
[850
1837
1843
1857
1835
1832
1845
1845
1857
t854
r86i
[852
1858
[846
1.855
1857
1857
r838
1853
t855
1854
1857
1840
[833
[857
1831
1833
1835
1858
1854
1857
1859
1853
Reed, William Ashton
Reichhelm, Gustavus
Schmoele, Henry x
Schmoele, William
Schaeffer, Casper x
Schwartz, Gustavus x
Sims. Francis *
Smith. Edward M. x
Small. Alvan Edmond
Semple, Malthew
Sheek, Jacob F. x
Simons, W. J. x
Stecks, J. X
Stiles, William x
Tanner, John
Thomas R. W. x
Tindall, Daniel M.
1S51 Toothaker, Charles Everett
1856 Thomas, Amos Russell
1848 Vinal, L. G. x
1855 Ward, John Augustine
1838 Ward, Isaac Moreau
1841 Ward, Walter x
1857 Watson, James L. x
1846 Weick, John M. *
1840 Whitehead, Coburn
i8_|5 Williams, George Cushman x
1856 Williams, John Henry
1S36 Williamson, Walter *
1S57 Williamson, Walter Martin
1846 Withey, Samuel J. x
185s Wolfe, George
1857 Wright, W. R. X
PENNSYLVANIA.
Aldey, J. H. Reading 1846
Acker, E. x B'reeport 1857
Armor, Smith Columbia 1853
Armstrong, John * Carlisle 1845
Baelz, C. ^ Pittsburgh 1856
Baker, Joshua T. Lancaster 1846
Bardin, D. R. * CoatesvUlc 1851
Barr, Benjamin VVellsboro 1854
Barnes, M. V. x Bath 1828
Barden, William M. '^ Mansfield 1854
Bauer, Adolph Allentown 1857
Bayer, C. Allegheny City 1857
Behlert, Jacob x Emmaus 1857
Becker, Benjamin Orwigsburg 1844.
Becker, Christian J. Harrisburg 1854
Behne, John H. Reading 1857
Bender, Jacob Bendersville 1835
Belden, L. C. x Le Raysville 18^0
Blanchard, J. A. Pittsburgh 1835
Black, Alexander * Pittsburgh 1840
Bloede, Gustavus Norristown 1844
Bratt, Benjamin R. Reading 1840
Brickley, George * York 1845
Brickley, Obadiah C. 1 ork 1857
Brisbane, Dr. x Wilkes-Barre 1857
Brisbane, W. x Wyoming 1857
Brugger, Ignatius * New Berlin 1857
Bryan, Thomas * New Sheiifield 1849
Bunting, Thomas C. Mauch Chunk 1857
Burgher, John C. Pittsburgh 1848
Burbank, J. C. x Towanda
Burrett, Alexander H. Guys Mills 1857
Busch, Lewis HoUidaysburg 1838
Busk, H. X Alexandria 1857
Buie, George H. Nazareth 1839
Caspari, Adolph 1857
Caspari, Edward Prestonville 1859
Church, William J. Pittslnn-gh 1828
Clay, George B. L. Gcrmantoun i860
Coburn, E. x Le Raysville ' 1851
Cooper, F. B. Allegheny City 1835
Cooper, John F. Allegheny City 1856
Cote, Marcellin * Pittsburgh
Corbin, E. L. x Athens
Cowley, David Pittsburgh
Coxe, John Redman Jr. Williamsport
Dake, Chauncey M. Pittsburgh
Dake, David M. Pittsburgh
Dake, Jabez Percy Pittsburgh
Dare, Charles V. Chester
Detwiller, Henry * Hellerton
Detwiller, John J. Easton
Dickson, P. x Allegheny
Dininger, C. x Reading
Doolittle, J. F". X Wilkes-Barre
Dornberg, A. G. Mifflinburg
Downing, William * Downingtowii
Eckhart, Dr. x Allegheny
Ehrmann, B. F. Harrisburg
Ehrmann, Christian Carlisle
Ehrmann, Francis Carlisle
Ehrmann, Frederick Carlisle
Ehrmann, Ernest J. Liverpool
Ehrmann, Louis Carlisle
Elliger, C. Germantown
Elliott P. X Allegheny
Entriken, Sarah A. x West Chester
Everhart, O. T. * Goldsboro
Eustace, Andrew Summit Hill
Faulkner, Robert * Eric
Eager, John M. * x Harrisburg
Faulkner, P. * Erie
Fell, Ezra Norristown
Farmin, M. x Edinborough
Fehrenthal, Major, Allentown
Ficard, x Bethlehem
Floto, John Henry* Allentown
Foote, J. A. x Wellsboro
Foster, George S. East Liberty
Freytag, Eberh;ird Bethlehem
Friese, Michael Carlisle .
Gardiner, A. P. Carbondale
Green, Jonas
Gritfith, Jethro J. Manayunk
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
161
1850 Gross, James Eldridge Darby
1857 Grosch, B. C. x Andersonburgh
i860 Brumbein, William, Anneville
1852 Guernsey, William F. Frankford
18.36 Haeseler, Charles Lebanon
1857 Haeseler, H. A. x Pottsville
1857 Hardmeyer, Dr. x Allegheny
1857 Hark, J. x Nazareth
1865 Harvey, Joseph F. Lewisburg
1853 Hawley, Liverus B. Phoenixville
1837 Helffrich, John Kutztown
1857 Helffrich, H. x Weisenburgh
1857 Heigel, M. x Strasburgh
1856 Herron, James A. Pittsburgh
1857 Hindman, David R. Cochranville
1840 Hoffman, Herman H. Pittsburgh
1848 Hoffman, Charles Pittsburgh
1856 Houghton, Milo G. Pittsburgh
1835 Huber, Peter Allentown
1856 Ingham, A. jNI. Lawrenceville
1857 Ingham, G. W. x Troy
1857 Irvine, W. x Bellefonte
1856 Irons, Alexander ^[arietta
1857 Island, W. P. x Shamokin
Jacobson, Dr. Bethlehem
i860 Johnson, William H. Marysville
1852 Johnson, Isaac D. Kennett Square
1858 Jones, Joseph E. * West Chester
1853 Jones, Stacey Darby
1857 Kern, J. x Siegersville
1842 Leech, J. Stuart * Downingtown
1857 Lefevre, J. H. x Paradise
1854 Lintz, Henry S. Chestnut Hill
1838 Lippe, Adolph Reading
1841 Lovejoy, Ezekiel * Towanda
1833 ]\Iansa, Edward. Buffalo Township
1849 Marsden, John H. York Sulphur Spg.
1857 Martin, C. L. x Allentown
1858 Malin, George W. Germantdwn
1857 ^fasser, J. P. x Sunbury
1848 Alarvin, S. Springfield
1838 :May, Robert * . Warwick
1857 May, N. x Holmesburg
1S57 McClure, D. x Shippensburg
i8s7 -\Ieal, T. I. x Germantown
1850 Miller, C. Carlisle
1853 Moore, Francis R. Pittsburgh
1840 ]\Iorris, Joseph P. ^Mansfield
1841 Okie, Abraham H. Allentown
Owen, W. F. * C'ni-'ca"tville
1848 Ober, Benjamin Wilkes-Barre
1849 Penniman, William * Pittsburgh
1857 Pellichody. Dr. x Birmingham
1848 Porter. David C. New Castle
1857 Pitcairn, R. x Allegheny
1850 Pierce. Thomas ^. Norristown
1852 Pratt, Leonard Towanda
1853 Pratt, Theodore L. Canton
185T Pratt, David S. Towanda
1855 Pretch, Dr. C. Hollidaysburg
1853 Preston, Coates Chester
1835 Pulte, Joseph H. Cherryville
858
852
847
857
857
835
834
830
846
850
857
857
839
830
857
86=;
85.^
852
832
8.^9
837
850
8.19
857
857
848
S57
8;2
860
850
8^6
S^3
«^6
8v
856
«47
8^6
840
8v
■^53
8.Q
828
•^J7
845
«:;o
8^8
857
8--4
860
857
Rankin, John S. Allegheny City
Randcl, John M. Reading
Reading, John R. Somerton
Reed, J. K. x Conshohocken
Records, Dr. x Bristol
Reichhelm, Gustavus Pittsburgh
Reisner, Mr. J. C. Lebanon
Reinhold, C. G. Lewistown
Rhees, Morgan J. Hollidaysburg"
Ring, Hamilton Columbia
Richter, A. x Williamsport
Roberts, E. W. x Harrisburg
Roche, Manning B. Upper Darby
Romig, John Allentown
Romig, W. X Allentown
Rousseau, Louis M. * Pittsburgh
Rutter, John C. Bloomsburg
Sargent, Rufus Reading
Saynisch, Lewis * Blossburg
Seeger, Joseph
Scheurer, P. Hanover
Schultz, J. T. X Claytonville
Schultz, Jonas Y. Colebrookdale
Schucking, Proctor Chambersburg
Schmidt, Jacob
Shields, D. x Sewickly Bottom
Shearer, John H. Wellsboro
Shaw. Alexander R. Chambersburg
Searles, Samuel New Castle
Seymour, N. x Erie
Silby, Dr. x Erie
Skeeles, I. S. x Albion
Skiles, Francis W. Pittsburgh
Smedley, Robert C. Oxford
Smith. T. K. X Carlisle
Smith. F. S.
Simpkins, S. * Slate Lick
Speth. Dr. * Lewistown
Souci, J. M. X Canton
Starkey, George R. Reading
.Stewart, Isaac * Butler
Stevenson, Thomas C. Carlisle
Sutton, J. L. Lancaster
Taudte, Frederick Birmingham
Towner, Enoch, Jr. x Rome
Towner, Enoch x Towanda
Thorne, Joshua Norristown
Tyson, Henry Reading
Valentine, P. E. Cochranville
Wauke,
Waage, Dr. x Quakertown
Weed, Theodore J. Phoenixville
\A'est, Edwin Honesdale
Wesselhoeft, William Bath
White. Newell * New Castle
Williams, George C. West Chester
Williams, Theodore S. Germantown
Williams, Alban * Phoenixville
Willis. A. X Harrisburg
Wood, James B. West Chester
Wood, Orlando S. Phoenixville
Yeager, M. x Hilltown
162 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER VH
HOMOEOPATHY IN VIRGINIA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Early Introduction of Hahnemann's System in the West and Southwest — Virginia
Societies — Allentown Academy bears Good Fruit — The Pioneer in Virginia a
Layman — The Caspari Brothers — Campos — Hardy^ — Hobson — Atwood — Hughes —
Other Early Practitioners in the Old Dominion. *
In 1835, at the end of the first epoch of homoeopathy in the United States,
its practice was confined to New York and Pennsylvania. During the years
between 1835 and 1844, which may be called the second epoch of American
homoeopathy, it had been introduced in Virginia by a lay practitioner in 1830.'
It is our purpose in this chapter to relate something of the story of the
rapid progress of homoeopathy in this state, and to show the influence of
Allentown Academy in the dissemination of the doctrine of Hahnemann. From
the time when Reichhelm went over the Allegheny mountains, the progress of
the system of mild medication was indeed marvelous. It will be remembered
that the Mississippi river was the dividing line between settlement and wil-
derness. It was a period of immigration in the unknown west. Travel was by
rivers or canals or roads, and even by trails. Cincinnati in 1835 had a popula-
tion of but 31,000. In 1837 the population of Chicago was. estimated at 8,000,
with 120 stores, 12 public houses, three newspapers, fifty lawyers and thirty
phvsicians. In Louisville the population in 1840 v/as but 21,000. Iowa was
still a territory. When Reichhelm went to Pittsburgh that city had a popula-
tion of about 30,000. But the growth of this new country was marvelous, and
the growth and expansion of homoeopathy throughout the land must be to the
mind of the thinker a most conclusive proof of its truth.
HAHNEMANN MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE OLD DOMINION.
It was not until half a century had passed after homoeopathy had been
introduced in Virginia that the state medical society began its existence. The
Halinemann Medical Society of the Old Dominion was organized at Richmond
in 1880, but of its history during the first thirteen years of its existence
little is known. The first officers were Dr. Joseph V. Hobson, president ; Dr.
James H. Patton, secretary. The society met annually for several years, after
which there were occasional lapses and interest in its afifairs seemed to decline.
A reorganization, however, was effected in the latter part of 1893, and on
December 13 a number of physicians met in Danville and re-established the
society on a basis so secure that it has since continued and been the means of
accomplishing much good work for the welfare of the profession in the state.
The officers elected in 1893 were Dr. M. F. Douglas, president; Drs. Noah
Jackson, George A. Taber and Millson R. Allen, vice-presidents ; George F.
Bagby, secretary ; Charles B. Young, treasurer ; Drs. A, A. Bancroft, George
F. Bagbv, Noah Jackson, H. C. Corliett, W. T. Holiart, W. B. Prvor Jones,
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 163
W. S. Lyon, W. P. Moncure, Charles R. Moore. Clinton Maynard, N, H. Rid-
dick and E. Cone Williams, censors.
The West Virginia Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized May
19,. 1898, at Wheeling, and its first officers were 'Dr. M. L. Casselbury, presi-
dent; Drs. C. ^I. Roger and J. M. Fawcett, vice-presidents; Dr. C. A. Rob-
erts, secretary; Dr. C. H. Wilsey, treasurer; Dr. John W. Morris, necrologist.
The second meeting was held at Sisterville, October 11, 1898. This society
is in active existence and holds its annual meetings in different cities.
REMINISCENCES.
Virginia was the third state into which homoeopathy was introduced.
About 1830 a lay practitioner established himself at Norfolk, and his name was
pronounced Kuper. He remiained for a year or two. The two brothers, Adolph
and Edward Caspari, who were students at the Allentown Academy, were
some time between 1832 and 1838 residents at Norfolk.
In 1838 Dr. F. T. Campos went to Norfolk and in 1839 comrnenced to
practice homoeopathy. He is sai'd to have graduated in medicine in Lisbon,
Portugal, and to have practiced several years in Brazil. He enjoyed a good
reputation as man and physician, and made many cures by the new method.
He was active in the epidemic of yellow fever during the summer and winter
of 1855. He died in 1857.
Dr. Thomas I. Hardy practiced in Norfolk at the same period as Campos.
In Smith's "Homoeopathic Directory" for 1857 both names are given. Dr.
Hardy died October 31, 1886.
Dr. Robert Shield Perkins, a graduate of Hahnemann Medical College
of Philadelphia in 1872, commenced practice in Norfolk and is still there.
In 1858 Dr. Joseph Virginius Hobson began the practice of homoeopathy
in Richmond. He was a son of Joseph and Mary Mumford Hobson and was
bom in Cumberland county. Va., November 11, 1810. His father removed to
Powhattan county, purchasing the estate of Blenheim, where Joseph's boyhood
was passed. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College in 1828, and
entered as a student of medicine with Dr. Thomas Nelson of Richmond. He
graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1832, and began practice at
Cartersville, Va. He spent the years 1839-40 in Paris in study. Returning,
he settled at Lynchburg in 1840, and went to Powhattan in 1847, remaining in
practice there until 1858. In 1856 his attention was drawn to homoeopathy
by Henderson's works and by the cure of a case by Dr. John F. Gray, and
this led to investigation and adoption of the homoeopathic school in his prac-
tice. In 1858 he removed to Richmond, but at the outbreak of the war he
went to Blenheim, resuming practice in Richmond at the close of the war. In
1890 advancing years caused him to retire from practice and he returned to
Lynchburg, where he remained until his death, October 10, 1895.
Dr. Aaron H. Atwood went to Richmond in the fifties from New Hamp-
shire. He had introduced homoeopathy into Manchester in 1845 ^^d was in
partnership with Dr. Emil Custer, but ill health caused him to go to Virginia,
where he died.
Dr. Alfred Hughes began the practice of homoeopathy in Wheeling in
1 85 1. He was born there September 16, 1824. His great-grandfather, Felix
Hughes, came from Ireland and settled in Loudon county in 1732. He had
four sons, one of whom, James, grandfather of Alfred, was a famous hunter.
He settled in Green county. Pa., then in Virginia, and married a Miss Dur-
164 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
ham of Jefferson county, in 1772. At his death he owned large tracts of land
in Virginia, Kentucky and Indiana. He was among the first white settlers in
that region. He left three spns and a daughter. One son, Thomas, married
Mary Odenbaugh of Winchester. Their seventh son was Alfred. Young
Hughes graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in
1853. He married Mary Kirby Adrian of Wheeling, November i, 1849, ^^^
began to practice homoeopathy at Wheeling amid common prejudice and a
hard fight, but succeeded in vindicating his cause. When the cholera of 1854
appeared, he labored night and day, being the only homoeopathic physician in
the city, and he met with great success in its treatment. Homoeopathy was
thus firmly established. During the war of 1861-1865, he espoused the cause
of the south, and was arrested for disloyalty in 1861. He was held a prisoner
at Camp Chase, near Columbus, Ohio, for eight months, when he was exchanged
for a brother of Dr. Pancoast of Philadelphia, and was allowed to go with his
family to Richmond. He at once began practice and again had to fight for
homoeopathy, but soon secured a good clientage. He was elected to the legis-
lature of Virginia, remaining a member until the fall of Richmond. On Decem-
ber 18, 1865, he removed to Baltimore, where he built up a practice. He
died in that city about 1876.
Dr. Walthall located in Richmond. Dr. Arcoli, an Italian, also settled in
that city. Dr. J. H. Patton, a graduate in 1870 of Hahnemann Medical College
of Philadelphia, located at Richmond soon afterward.
In 1857 Drs. J. B. Doudall and R. H. Stabler were located at Alexandria ;
Drs. C. H. Connelly and F. Pitcher at Fairmount ; M. L. Casselburg and A.
C. Miller at Morgantown ; F. S. Campos, T. I. Hardy and Dr. Walthall at
Norfolk; Dr. Daniel Jaimey at Purcel's Store; Dr. I. P. Clayton at Pierce-
town ; Drs. A. L. Bilisoly, L. A. Bilisoly and V. B. Bilisoly at Portsmouth ;
Drs. A. H. Atwood, J. F. Gardiner and J. B. Walthall at Richmond ; and Drs.
Blum and A. Hughes at Wheeling.
In 1870 there were but two homoeopathic physicians in Richmond, Drs.
R. Gardner and William Q. Mansfield, and in the whole state there were but
thirteen. In 1875 Dr. Thomas Hardy and Dr. Robert Shield Perkins were in
practice at Norfolk ; Dr. Eldridge Lipj)incott was located at Petersburg ; Dr.
L. A. Bilisoly was at Portsmouth, and Drs. Joseph Virginius Hobson and
James H. Patton were at Richmond. In 1886 Drs. William L. Morgan and
Charles B. Young were at Lynchburg; Drs. Thomas Hardy, Robert S. Per-
kins, Henley N. Riddick, Frank P. Webster, were at Norfolk ; Drs. William B.
Pryor Jones and M. J. Lincoln were at Petersburg; Dr. L. Augustus Bilisoly
at Portsmouth ; Drs. James H. Patton, George L. Stone and George A, Taber
were at Richmond.
In 1899 there were thirty-one homoeopathists in Virginia, of whom eight
were located in Richmond, viz. : Drs. George F. Bagley, Harry S. Corey, John
W. Hobart, A. L. Marcy, S. Abagail Roope, George L. Stone, George A. Ta-
ber, Williams E. Cone. In 1904 there were thirty homoeopathic physicians in
the state.
HoiJia'opafJiic physit:iaiis in llri^iiiia prcz'ioiis to i860. The date preceding
the name indicates the }ear the physician began the practice of homoeopathy.
The character * indicates that tlie ])ractitioner originally was of some other
school ; the character x indicates that physician practiced medicine before the
date given. •
ITTSTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
165
1854 Atwood, Aaron H. Richmond 1857
1857 Bilisoly, Antonio L. Portsmouth 1858
1855 Bilisoly, L. Augustus Portsmouth 1840
1857 Bilisoly, V. B. x Portsmouth 1853
T857 Blum, Dr. x Wheeling 1850
1853 Casselbury, M. L. Morgantown 1830
1857 Connelly, C. H. x Fairmount 1853
1857 Clayton, I. P. x Piercetown 1857
1857 Doudall. J. B x Alexandria 1852
1833-4 Caspari, Adolph Norfolk 1857
1839 Caspari, Edward Norfolk 1857
1839 Campos, F. T. Norfolk
Gardiner, J. F. x Richmond
Hobson, Joseph H. Lynchburg
Hardy, Thomas I. Norfolk
Hughes, Alfred Wheeling
Janney, Daniel Purcels Store
Kuper, Dr. Norfolk
Miller, Alexander C. ^^lorgantown
Pitcher, F. x Fairmount
Randel, John Massey Norfolk
Stabler, R. H. x Alexandria
Walthall, J. B. x Richmond
166 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER Vni
HOMOEOPATHY IN OHIO.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Gradual Inlrodnction of Homoeopathy in the West — Cope, the Pioneer of the New
System in Ohio — Beckwith's Recollections of Sturm^Pulte, the Pioneer and
Founder of a Great School of Medical Learning — Cholera Plague of 1849 and Later
Years — Homoeopathy Attacked by the Old Enemy — Early Homoeopaths in Cincinnati
and Cleveland — Attempts to Establish a Medical College — Eclectic Medical Institute
Establishes a Chair of Homoeopathy — Reminiscences of Early Practitioners.
Next in the order of states brought under the beneficent influence of the
homoeopathic system of medicine was Ohio, the "Buckeye" state, where the
doctrine is said to have found lodgment in 1836 under the ministrations of one
Dr. Cope, of whom httle appears to be known except that at the time men-
tioned he was practicing in the vicinity of Plymouth in Richland county, and
that he was credited with being a high potentist, administering only a single
pellet and repeating the dose at the end of fourteen days, if the case required
such "radical" treatment. Yet tradition says that the worthy doctor accom-
plished some remarkable cures and acquired a considerable practice in the region
in which he was the pioneer. Tradition has it, too, that sometime during the
first half of the last century a German doctor was settled in Delaware county,
and treated his patients with "very little pills, and whose habit was in typhoid
cases to give the patient one dose, and then return at the end of a week to
observe how it was working." This method smacks strongly of homoeopathic
methods of three-quarters of a century ago. and there is little doubt that the
"German physician" whose name is not now recalled was some faithful fol-
lower of the strict Hahnemannian doctrine as then understood and practiced.
The history of homoeopathy in the "Buckeye" state — every loyal Ohioan
is proud of the synonym — from first to last is a subject of interesting study, and
is remarkable in that the first disciple of the new doctrine planted its seed in
the state only ten years after it had been brought to America by Hans Burch
Gram. Ohio herself had laid aside the territorial character and entered the
sisterhood of states only a little more than thirty years before, and few indeed
of the counties in that now great commonwealth were more than sparsely set-
tled, while the commercial cities for which the state i-s now noted were then
little larger than villages. When the age of the state itself is considered, dat-
ing from 1803, and the advent of the first representative of the Hahnemannian
school of medicine a little more than thirty years afterward, the inference is
natural that homoeopathy entered Ohio during the formative period of its his-
tory and that the subsequent growth of each was in even step until both became
firmly planted on solid foundations. But in the civil and political history of Ohio
there were many events which contributed to its progress, while in the early
history of homoeopathv in the same jurisdiction every conceivable obstacle was
thrown in the way of homoeopathic practitioners in the vain endeavor to oppose
the progress of tlie school the disciples of Hahnemann had chosen to represent;
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 167
yet even in this period of adversity the httle host of homoeopathic pioneers
was not without friends, and an educational home was ofifered them in the
house of the eclectic school in Cincinnati. The chair of homoeopathy in the
Eclectic Aledical Institute was not long continued, but its establishment was an
evidence of friendship and good faith ; it was a foundation sufficiently strong to
build upon, and the representatives of the homoeopathic school, preferring to
act within their own principles, soon afterward set about the task of founding
a college for themselves. Their first endeavors were not rewarded with the
degree of success they deserved, but the mistakes of early experience served as
beacon-lights to guard agaitist their repetition in later years. And the purpose
was well served, for in 1849 ^ college of homoeopathic medical instruction was
founded in Cleveland, the second institution of its kind in America. It has
endured to the present time, and has accomplished as much good work in the
propagation of the homoeopathic gospel in the west as any similar school in
the land. The Cleveland Homoeopathic Medical College, as now known, sec-
ond in seniority only to Hahnem.ann of Philadelphia, was established in 1849
on an original foundation, and was not the outgrowth of any institution in the
east, although some historians have traced its origin to old Allentown Academy.
In the course of time other medical colleges were founded in Ohio, a few
of them to fall by the wayside or to merge in those more strongly supported,
and at the beginning of the twentieth century there are two principal homoe-
opathic colleges in the state, one in Cleveland and one in Cincinnati. The his-
tory of each of these is made the sttbject of extended mention in another depart-
ment of this work.
In this connection it is interesting to note the gradual increase in the num-
ber of homoeopathic physicians in Ohio. In 1836 the pioneer, a layman, led
the way. Twenty years later, in 1857, the number was 120; 1875, 422; 1885,
498; 1899, 968; and in 1905 it is estimated that there are in the homoeopathic
ranks in Ohio a total of one thousand practitioners.
Ohio has been both faithful and prolific in the work of homoeopathic soci-
ety organization, and in that respect ranks w'ith the foremost states of the
union. A brief allusion to the more important of these societies is proper in
this connection, not for the purpose of exhaustive narrative but as a necessary
part of an interesting record.
HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO.
A society of homoeopathic physicians' was organized in Cleveland as early
as 1846, which was just ten years after the system had been introduced in the
state. Reports of the organization and meagre reports of the society are found
in the " American Journal of Homoeopathy," Vol. i, p. 46, and also in the
Michigan " Journal of Homoeopathy " for June, 1849. The old society was
continued only a short time, and then was dissolved. The next attempt at per-
manent organization was made in 1851, at a meeting held in Columbus on
September 23 of that year, v/hen the work previously begun was improved
upon and made more complete. The customary constitution and by-laws were
adopted, and the society took the name Ohio College of Homoeopathic Physi-
cians. The first officers were Drs. O. A. Blair, president; J. H. Coulter of
Columbus and John Tifift of Norwalk, vice-presidents ; C. A. Leuthstrom of
Columbus, secretary ; G. St. C. Hussey of Portsmouth, corresponding secre-
tary ; C. D. Williams of Cleveland, H. P. Gatchell of Cincinnati, J. W. Dennis
of Portsmouth, Jacob Bosler of Dayton and L. K. Rosa, censors. In 1852 and
168 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1853 meetings were held in Cleveland, the next year in Columbus, but none
were afterward held until 1864, when the homoeopathic physicians of the state
met in convention in the capital city of the state, revived the dormant organi-
zation, and brought into existence the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the
State of Ohio. The officers tlien elected were as follows : Dr. A. O. Blair of
Cleveland, president ; Drs. E. C. Witherill of Cincinnati and W. W. Webster of
Dayton, vice-presidents ; Dr. Charles Cropper of Cincinnati, secretary ; Dr. C.
C. White of Columbus, treasurer ; Drs. A. Shepherd of Springdale, G. H. Blair
of Columbus, Charles Osterlin of Findlay, T. P. Wolson of Cleveland, Lewis
Barnes of Delaware, T. M. Miller of Stubenville and E. C. Beckwith of Zanes-
ville, censors. At first the society met annually at Columbus, but later adopted
the rule of meeting in different cities. The society was incorporated in 1878.
Membership, about 275. wSince 1865 transactions have been published annually.
In this connection, also, ' it is proper that some mention be made of the
several sectional, district and local medical societies of the state, although the
record of necessity must be brief, and limited to mention of the name, field
of operation and date of organization of each. The record follows :
Homoeopathic Medical Society of Eastern Ohio, organized April 2. 1873, by-
union of the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the Seventeenth Congressional
District (organized August i, 1866) and the Homoeopathic Medical Associa-
tion of Summit and Portage Counties (organized June, 1871) ; Northwestern
Ohio Homoeopathic Medical Society. June, 1889; Ohio Valley Medical Society,
1901 ; Miami Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society, June 14, i860; Seven-
teenth Congressional District of Ohio Medical Society, August i, 1866; Sum-
mit and Portage Counties Homceopathic Medical' Society, June, 1871 ; the
Cleveland Academy of Medicine and Surgery, 1872 ; Cleveland Academy of
Medicine, February 4, 1891 ; Cleveland Medical Association, about 1865;
Cleveland Homoeopathic Maternity Society, October 12, 1891 ; Columbus Clin-
ical Club, June 2, 1890; Cincinnati Homoeopathic INIedical Society, 1862; Cin-
cinnati Homoeopathic Eyccum, October 28, 1889; Cincinnati Homoeopathic
Society ; Cuyahoga County Homoeopathic Medical Society, November, i86s ;
Dayton City Homoeopathic Medical Society, 1879; Homoeopathic Medical
Society of Eastern Ohio, April 2, 1873 ; Hahnemann Society of Cincinnati,
April 10, 1855; Homoeopathic Association of Cincinnati, 1849; Homoeopathic
Club of Cincinnati, December, 1885; Loraine and Medina County Homoe-
opathic Medical Society, July 18, 1868; Lucas County Homoeopathic IMedical
Society, i860; Miami County Homoeopathic Medical Society, June 14, i860;
Montgomery County Homcieopathic Medical Society, November 6, 1868;
Muskingum Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society, 1867; Northeastern Ohio
Homoeopathic Medical Society, 1864; Perry County Homoeopathic Medical
Society, October 26, 1870; Philadelphos Society; Round Table Club, August
28, 1889; Summit County Homoeopathic Oinical Society, January 15, 1885;
Toledo Clinical Societv, 1884; Union Homoeopathic Medical Society of North-
ern Ohio, June 6, 1868.
HOSPITALS.
Tile establishment of homoeopathic hospitals in Ohio was an important ele-
ment of the early endeavor of the medical profession, and engaged the attention
of lionKtopathic ]iractitioners almost as early as the efforts in organizing medi-
cal societies. This subject is of mucli importance in the history of homoeopathy
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 169
in the state, but the extent to which it demands consideration in this place is
questionable, inasmuch as the principal institutions of this character are in a
lari^e measure a part of the life of the homrjeopathic medical collej^^es, particu-
larly in the large cities of Cleveland and Cincinnati.
Ihe Cleveland Homoeopathic Hospital, the first organized hospital in
Cleveland, Ohio, v/as opened in May, 1856, by S. R. Beckwith, M. D., who was
the surgeon for the Lake Shore and the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati
railroads. It was established as a private surgical hospital to accommodate
those injured by the railroads; but was open to all surgical cases. It was
situated on Lake street, and accommodated twenty patients. George H. Bet-
tely, M. D., was the house surgeon.
In i860 St. Vincent's Hospital was completed and opened for the recep-
tion of patients. Physicians and surgeons of both schools being permitted to
treat patients therein, there seemed no necessity for the separate maintenance
of the hospital on Lake street, and con"sequently it was closed. St. Vincent's
Hospital was under the control and management of the sisters of a Catholic
order and for five years remained the only hospital in Cleveland. In 1865,
however, there was set on foot a project for the establishment of a Protestant
hospital, and in May of the next year a committee of three, consisting of Dr.
D. H. Beckwith, Mr. Horace Brockaway and Mrs. S. F. Lester, was formed
for the purpose of obtaining a building suitable for hospital purposes.
A large and roomy building at 83 Wilson street was selected and pur-
chased at a cost of $8,000. An organization was effected and a board of
trustees formed, and these gave the name of Wilson Street Hospital to the
building. Of the trustees, one-half were chosen by adherents of the old school,
the remainder by those of the homoeopathic school. The board of trustees was
composed of Mrs. Samuel Williamson. Mrs. A. B. Stone, Mrs. Mary Severance,
W. S. Stanley, T. W. Pelton, Mrs. Daniel P. Rhodes, Mrs. Peter Thatcher,
Mrs. L. M. Hubbey, Jacob Lowman and H. C. Blossom. The medical and
surgical staff represented both schools of medicine and consisted of Drs. A.
Maynard, A. A. Brooks, H. F. Cushing, D. H. Beckwith, B. P. Brown and
George H. Blair.
Within a very few weeks a group of ladies interested in the work col-
lected sufficient funds to pay for the building and its thorough equipment for
hospital purposes. For some time complete harmony reigned in the medical
staff, but differences began to show themselves, with the result that early in
1867 the president, Mr. H. B. Hurlburt, for the adherents of the old school
of medicine, made to those who favored the new school a proposition to either
buy or sell their interests in the hospital. The homoeopathic adherents with-
drew from the hospital and later united with the Cleveland Protestant Homoe-
opathic Hospital, which was opened for patients November 3, 1869.
The trustees of the Wilson Street Hospital, now adherents of the old school
of medicin<?, adopted the following resolution : " Resolved, That in the future
no homoeopathic phvsician or surgeon shall be allowed to treat any patient,
free or pay, in this hospital." This resolution was in force for nearly twenty
years, its immediate effect being the uniting in a strong bond of friendship
the homoeopathic physicians and their clientele.
The previous year Humiston Institute had been purchased for college
and hospital purposes, at a cost of $35,000. This hospital was under the con-
trol of the homoeopathic school of medicine, but patients therein had the privi-
170 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
lege of any treatment they preferred, thus giving physicians of the old school
the right of entry.
After five years of successful operation the trustees, deeming it advisable
to seek a new location, purchased the property where the hospital now stands
on Huron street, February 4, 1873. This building was opened for the recep-
tion of patients, but within a very short time, however, it was found to be
inadequate to the demand made upon it, and in May, 1878, the hospital asso-
ciation decided upon the erection of a new structure. As a means to this end,
the ladies' association united with the board of lady, managers of the City Hos-
pital and gave a great charity fair and loan exhibition, the proceeds of which
were to be divided between the hospitals. This was a great success, the citizens
of Cleveland having come forward with enthusiasm, loaning their fine paint-
ings, statuary and works of art in the effort to get together a collection to
attract and interest the people. The collection gathered was so fine that the
city virtually put it in charge of the police and fire departments, so that no
harm might com.e to it. The net proceeds amounted to $12,816.54, half of
which was awarded the homoeopathic hospital.
In June, 1878, the trustees appointed a building committee, consisting of
George PL Warmington, Dr. D. H. Beckwith, Edward Bingham and Capt. A.
Bradley. Excavations were begun in April, 1879, and so rapidly did the
work progress that during the following year, September 29th, the hospital
was dedicated and opened to receive patients.
The new building acted as a stimulus in many directions, the effect being
shown by many actions which attested to the loyalty and generosity of the
citizens of Cleveland toward homoeopathy and homoeopathic institutions. The
work of the hospital increased to such a degree during the next decade that
additional accommodations were found to be imperative. It was not, however,
until 1894 that provision was made for a new building. This was completed
by the first of April, 1895. It is a large four-story building connected with the
main building by a covered gallery, and is very fully utilized for the hospital
needs. In it are the sleeping rooms for nurses and a number of employees, one
entire floor being taken up by patients. The basements contain laundry,
sterilizers, store rooms, and mortuary.
During the past ten years the hospital has more than doubled its work. It
is now entirely out of debt and has an endowment of $20,000; the estimated
value of the property owned by the hospital corporation is $150,000. Those in
charge of the work realize that the present building is entirely inadequate to
the demands made upon it, so that it will be but a short time until new build-
ings and a new location must be sought.
The Ohio Hospital for Women and Children, Cincinnati, is the direct
outgrowth of a free dispensary which was opened in Cincinnati, June ii,
1879, by Drs. Ellen M. Kirk and Martha M. Howells. assisted by thirty-five
philanthropic women, who united in an organization for its support known as
the Free Dispensary Association for Women and Children. The clinics were
increasingly large and out of them grew the need of a hospital. This need
stimulated the members to determined effort and on October 11, 1881, the Free
Dispensary for Women and Children became the Ohio Hospital for Women
and Qiildren by an act of incorporation. May 9, 1882. A house affording suit-
able accommodations in West Ninth street was rented, equipped and formally
opened as a hospital the following June. In a few years this house proved too
small for the growing work and a permanent home was purchased for twenty
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
171
thousand dollars in December, 1888. This commodious house, No. 549 West
Seventh street, was opened March 4. 1889. The object of this institution has
been to offer to women an opportunity to consult homoeopathic women physi-
cians, and to women physicians clinical advantages and experience. The train-
ing of nurses has been a prominent feature since 1887. Some three thousand
patients have been received in its private rooms and wards. The hospital dur-
ing three years has received several bequests and is supported outside of its
income from private patients by annual dues from members of its association,
donations, etc. A free dispensar\- has always been an adjunct of the hospital
and thousands of the needy of the city have shared its benefits.
The medical staff consists of the fol-
lowing physicians : Ellen M. Kirk, dean ;
Mary E. Minor, Sophia P. Georgi, Ida E. Mc-
Cormick, Ella E. Huntington, Bertha Van
Houten Anthony, Florence M. Pollock.
The general management of this hospital for
women by women is vested in a board of man-
agers as follows : Mrs. Robert Hosea, presi-
dent; Mrs. J. D. Park, vice-president; Mrs.
Wm. N. Hobart, second vice-president; Mrs.
E. D. Albro, secretary; Mrs. T. B. Colher,
treasurer; Dr. Ellen M. Kirk, dean; Mrs. Ellen
Clarke, Mrs. E. G. Carpenter, Mrs. G. W. El-
lard, Miss Lida Galigher, Mrs. J. J. Hooker,
Mrs. W. P. Harrison, Mrs. Taylor Latta, Mrs.
Langtrie, Mrs. A. S. Lowenberg, Mrs. G. W.
Oyler, Mrs. C. D. Robertson and Miss Fanny
E. Turner.
The Toledo Protestant Hospital, an institution under homoeopathic medi-
cal supervision, is the result of a movement begun in 1874, and which reached
fruition in 1877, when its rooms were opened for patients. It was incorpo-
rated December 12, 1876, and is under the medical and surgical supervision of
the Lucas County Homoeopathic Medical Society. Originally the hospital staff
was chosen from both schools of medicine, but the allopaths refused to attend
an institution w^her.e homoeopathy was permitted to be practiced and severed
their connection with it ; upon which the hospital w^as placed under homoe-
opathic medical supervision, but the representatives of that school have been
considerate of allopathy, and have admitted its representatives to the privi-
leges of the institution.
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. William Sturm, it is said on excellent authority, began the practice
of homoeopathy in Cincinnati in 1839, which event gives him precedence in
the long and honorable line of homoeopaths who followed him in the field
in after years. He was born in Saxony in June, 1796, and was educated in
medicine in Germany, a pupil of Hahnemann, the founder of the homoeopathic
school. Sturm is said to have been a man of liberal education, and in medi-
cine his success in the treatment of cases of an acute character gave him an
extensive practice and proclaimed his name and fame throughout the Ohio
river valley.
The second disciple of homoeopathy in Cincinnati was Dr. Joseph H. Pulte,
Ohio Hospital for Women and
Children, Cincinnati.
172 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
who took lip the practice of medicine in Cincinnati in 1840, an incident of
travel having impelled him to change his determination to visit his brother in
St. Louis and undoubtedly to- practice medicine in that city ; and this was a
fortunate resolution on Pulte's part for the development of homoeopathy in
Ohio, for this great exemplar of the Hahnemannian doctrine was a man of
learning, a physician of repute, and a citizen whose every walk in life was
<:orrect. And Pulte in later years was the founder of the great college of homce-
opathic medical instruction in Cincinnati which bears his name and most
worthily promulgates the doctrines he first expounded in that city more than
three score years ago. The life and services of Dr. Pulte are subjects of men-
tion in the history of the college referred to, hence need no further commen-
tary in this place.
In .1849 Asiatic cholera laid its scourge upon the west, and during its prev-
alence Pulte with a few other capable homoeopaths proved that medicines in
attenuated doses administered according to the law of Hahnemann could in a
great measure lessen its ravages ; and while certain physicians and ministerial
editors were inclined to cavil at the success of the homoeopaths, the people
accepted the fact and the new doctrine found favor throughout the entire
region. This period in our history in Ohio was marked with what is known as
the "cholera pamphlet war" in Cincinnati. The plague first appeared in that
city in 1849, ^^'^'^^ from the first the allopaths made reports to the authorities,
while the homoeopaths, not knowing the requirements, failed to do so ; and
for this the}'^ were brought to bar. Pulte and Ehrmann, homoeopaths, were
tried before the mayor, but were dismissed, the health board not being law-
fully organized. However, after this affair both Pulte and Ehrmann made
public their practice and its results during the continuance of the epidemic.
At that time in Cincinnati there lived a minister, who also was an editor
of a religious p^per called the "Methodist Expositor," and who with his other
attainments was an allopathic physician. He appeared to have been some-
what exercised in his mind regarding the followers of Hahnemann and their
practice in Cincinnati, and in his paper he attacked the report of Pulte and
Ehrmann, and also attacked homoeopathy in general, using language and
expressions more bitter than befitted a man of the cloth. In one of his lamen-
tations he quoted scripture : "If the trumpet give an uncertain sound who
shall prepare himself to the battle." The worthy editor entitled his articles
"Hoi-.ioeopathic Trumpet," and they were answered by Pulte and Ehrmann in
a determined yet more christianlike spirit. After this controversy had con-
tinued some time an association of citizens was formed, called the Homoe-
opathic Association, and a committee from it was appointed to investigate the
matter and report. This committee comprised Alphonso Taft, B. F. Barrett,
George Carlisle, Nathaniel L. Sawyer and George Crawford. After making
a careful examination of the various cases treated, the committee reported at
a meeting of the association held in October, 1849, ^^^'^ exonerated Drs. Pulte
and Ehrmann from blame or discredit, at the same time recommending that
the reverend medico-editor "promptly correct what he finds to be incorrect in
his published statements of this subject."
The homoeopathic journals of the time, Shipman's " Northwestern Jour-
nal of Homoeopathia," the " Quarterly Homoeopathic Journal," of Boston, the
" Southwestern Homoeopathic Journal," and " Review and the American
Journal of Homoeopathy," all pu1)lished editorials. The pamphlets were widely
HISTORY OF HO^tO^OI'ATHY 17^
circulated, and there is no doul)t that the outcome was largely of benefit to
homoeopathy in the west.
Contemporary with Dr. Pulte in the early history of homoeopathy in Cin-
cimiati was Dr. Benjamin Ehrmann, another of the Allentown graduates. He
had drifted west, following the tide of emigration, and located at Chillicothe,
and in 1848 becoming acquainted with Pulte was by him persuaded to go to
Cincinnati, where they formed a partnership.
Dr. F. A. W. Davis went to Cincinnati in 1846 to spend the summer. He
met Pulte and was induced to study homoeopathy. During the cholera epi-
demic he did great service, opened a free dispensary and treated a great many
poor people gratuitously. He afterward went to Tennessee.
James G. Hunt, JM. D.
Dr. James George Hunt was another of the early practitioners in Cin-
cinnati. He had become a homoeopathist during the cholera epidemic of
1849.
Dr. Adam Aliller practiced homoeopathy in Cincinnati about 1850 and soon
afterward went to Ilhnois.
Another of the earlv homoeopaths in Cincinnati was Edwin C. Witherill,.
who was born in New Hampshire in 1821, and when nine years old his par-
ents moved to Auburn, X. Y. At sixteen he made a voyage to Liverpool, antl
on his return taught in the public schools and studied medicine, receiving his
diploma from, a medical school in New York city. He practiced in Auburn
and Canandaigua, and then was appointed to the chair of anatomy and physi-
ology in the Western Homoeopathic College at Cleveland. Before accepting
174 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
this position he spent some time in the hospitals of London and Paris. He
was a professor in the college from 1850 to 1853. Later on he went to Cin-
cinnati where he remained in practice until his death, October 30, 1865.
Dr. Jesse Garrettson began the practice of homoeopathy in Cincinnati in
1849. ^^ f'i^d i" that city. July 3, 1876. His brother, Dr. Joseph Garrettson,
was with him during- the later years of his life.
Dr. George W. Bigler located in Cincinnati in 1850. He was a native o£
Harrisburg, Pa., and originally was an allopathic physician, but becoming
convinced of the truth of homoeopathy he adopted it and became a prominent
practitioner in Ohio. He was of the Swedenborgian faith, a member of the
American institute and also of the state and county homoeopathic societies.
He died at his home in Cincinnati. April 28, 1871.
Dr. William Peck, an allopathic physician of Cincinnati, adopted homoe-
opathy in 1849. He was the son of Benjamin and Sarah (Bachelor) Peck,
and was borrr in Sutton, Mass., April 6, 1798. He graduated from Brown
University in 1820. He opened an office in Providence, R. L, and on May
21, 1823, married Jane, daughter of Dr. Samuel Thane. Two years later he
removed to New Rochelle, N. Y., where he practiced until 1831, when he
located in Cincinnati. Dr. Ira Barrows, his cousin, of Providence, R. L,
induced him to become a homoeopath. He joined the institute in 1850. and
was on his way to the meeting in 1857, when in a collision on the Erie railroad
on June 3, he was instantly killed. Dr. George B. Peck of Providence is
his nephew.
Dr. Price, another allopathic physician of Cincinnati, became a convert
about 1849.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Cleveland by Dr. R. E. W. Adams in
1843. f^6 remained there a few years and then went to Illinois. In 1844 Dr.
Daniel O. Hoyt went to Cleveland, associating himself with Dr. Adams. Dr.
Hoyt was a graduate of Dartmouth College, and practiced allopathy for several
years before he went to Cleveland, where he took up homoeopathy. He prac-
ticed for over thirty years in Cleveland, and died August 10, 1874, aged
eighty-seven years.
Dr. John Wheeler, the third homoeopathic physician in Cleveland, com-
menced to practice in that city in 1845. He graduated at Dartmouth College
in 1817 and practiced as an allopath in Troy from 1818 to 1845, when he
became a convert to homoeopathv. In 1845 he located in Cleveland and re-
mained there until his death, February 12, 1870, aged seventy-nine years. Dr.
Wheeler was one of the best known and beloved of the earlier Cleveland physi-
cians. It was largely through his persuasions that Dr. David Herrick Beckwith
was converted to homoeopathv. Dr. Wheeler was for many years president
of the Cleveland Hospital College.
Dr. Edward Caspari practiced for a time at Ravenna in 1843. He after-
ward went to Louisville, Ky.
Dr. Schlagel, a Gorman phvsician, located at Amherst in 1844, and from
that place his nractice extended to Oberlin, Elyria and other towns.
Dr. Alexander H. Burritt located at Burton in 1840. He was born in
Trey, N. Y.. April 17, 1805. His father, Dr. Elv Burritt, was a practitioner in
Troy for nearly thirty years. His partner was Dr. Robbins. Alexander stud-
ied medicine with his father, and graduated at the College of Physicians and
Surgeons in New York in the spring of 1827. He practiced allopathy in
Washington county until 1838, aliout which time his friend and relative. Dr.
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
175
John F. Gray, induced him to investigate the homoeopathic system and exam-
ine its merits. He visited New York to witness the success of Gray and Hull,
and soon became satisfied with the new medical doctrine. In a few months he
located in Pennsylvania and was the pioneer in Crawford county, where he
devoted himself to the study of the new system. He practiced at Conneaut-
ville and then went to Burton. In 1850 he was appointed to the chair of
obstetrics in the Western Homceopathic College, but ill health caused him to
resign his professorship. He afterward removed to Canandaigua, N. Y., and
thence to New Orleans, where he remained until his death. He was still in
practice in 1876.
Dr. David Shepherd l)egan practice in Bainbridgc in 1845, where he
John Wheeler, M. D.
had a large farm and combined both occupations. He died in June, 1887, aged
seventy-nine years.
Dr. Alpheus Morrill located at Akron in 1846, remaining there two years,
after which he went to Columbus to practice. An attack of intermittent fever
compelled him to remove, and he went to Concord. N. H., where he passed
his life. He died in 1868. Dr. Crosby, his partner, was also obliged by sick-
ness to leave Akron and go east.
Dr. B. W. Richmond located at Chardon, Dr. Stevens at Windsor, and
Dr. H. Plimpton at Painesville, in 1845.
Dr. G. W. Barker opened an office in Cleveland in 1848 and a few months
later Dr. Thomas Miller became his partner. Soon afterward Dr. Barker went
to Detroit and Dr. Miller to Missouri.
170 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
In 1847 ^^1'- CJcrhard Saal was practicing homoeopathy in Springfield.
He was educated in Germany and came to America in 1846. In 1852 he went
to Cincinnati and became partner of Dr. E. C. Witherill. In 1872 he held the
chair of clinical medicine in Pulte College. He died May 4, 1875. In 1852 he
published in the "' American AJagazine of Homceopathy " a series of articles
on kinesitherapy.
Dr. Jacob Liosler commenced to practice honujeopathy in Dayton in 1848,
and. assisted in organizing the state societies. He died at the age of seventy-
six.
Dr. Henry L. Sook began the practice of homoeopathy in 1853 at Pom-
ero}-. He says : " The first homoeopathic medicine I ever saw, and I believe
the first time 1 ever heard of it, was in 1844. A friend of mine had brought
a small case and book from Ithaca, N. Y. Of course, like other simpletons, I
attempted to make sport of the little pills, but afterward being convinced of
their superiority, studied the system in opposition to all friends and relations
excepting the one first named. I had a course of lectures at Cleveland the
winter of 1852-53 and commenced the practice. After eight years I returned
and graduated." After remaining three years at Pomeroy he went to Steu-
benville. In 1869 he located at Newark, and joined the institute that same
year.
Dr. N. H. Maiiter began the practice of homoeopathy at Elyria, the county
town of Lorain county, in 1848. He had been practicing medicine about twen-
ty-five years. In 1852 Dr. H. P. Gatchell made a trip through Ohio, visiting
the physicians who were interested in homoeopathy and writing a series of edi-
torial letters to the " American Magazine of Homoeopathy and Hydropathy,"
of which he, with Dr. Pulte, was joint editor. One of his articles says: " Dr.
Manter, one of the oldest physicians in that section, has been practicing medi-
cine in Elyria for some twenty or twenty-five years. Of a superior educa-
tion, literary and medical, he soon obtained an extensive practice. But hav-
ing been attracted by the reputation of homoeopathy some two or three years
since, to give it an examination, and having derived some benefit from it in his
own person, he has abandoned his former destructive practice, and now demon-
strates by superior success the merits of homoeopathy." Dr. Manter died
about 1866 or 1867. Dr. Rosa, Jr., was at that time his partner.
Dr. John Tifft, of Norwalk, practiced allopathy for many years, but in
1852, through the influence of Dr. Horatio Robinson of New York, he took up-
homoeopathy. Dr. D. H. Beckwith was his partner at Norwalk for three
years.
Dr. J. Beeman, who had been an eclectic physician in Birmingham, became
a homoeopath in 1851. He said: "In testing the homoeopathic law and in
availing myself of its valuable application when tested, I have only acted in
accordance with the principles inculcated in my medical education. I received
that at an eclectic college from professors who were free to investigate, whose
maxim was to 'prove all things, and to hold fast that which is good.' Their
graduates, therefore, unlike the graduates of allopathic schools in general,
were untrammelled, (joverned by the principles there taught, I have ever felt
free to receive truth from every source. Nor have I sufifered myself to be blind-
ed by the influence of custom or the desire for popularity. I have respected no
error because it is old — I have rejected no truth because it is new. Antiquity
or popularity count for nothing with me in estimating the value of systems of
medicines."
^T' )m' ( ii' IK ).\i(i':(ji'ATiiv
(•ii\r'i"(':u !.\
1 c.Mci-".! I'AT.M \ I x OHIO — (fox'i I xri:i) )
«
Purpose of the Homccopathic Society of Cincinnati — Hill of the Eclectic Medical Insti-
tute of Cincinnati Converted to Homoeopathy — Shepherd, the Pioneer in Hamilton
County — Reminiscences of Early Physicians — Pulte, the Founder. Scholar and Phy-
sician— The Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine.
The period from 1840 to 1852 in the history of Ohio homoeopathy is
important. The Homoeopathic Society of Cincinnati was con-'ixiscd larp^ely of
laymen and had a thousand members whose purpose w^ns to vindicate homoe-
opathy and to uphold the truth reoarding the cholera epidemic : to petition the
assembly of 1849 ^o^ ^" ^^ct establishing- a homoeopathic college; to promulgate
the lectures by Storm Rosa in 184Q; to organize a college at Cleveland in
1850; and to promote the advancement of the system throughout the towns of
the state. On September 2. 185 1. a convention of the homoeopathic physicians
of Ohio was called to meet at Colttmbus and organize a state society. The
occasion witnessed several interesting events. Dr. Benjamin L. Hill, who had
been a member of the faculty of the Cincinnati Eclectic Institute, avowed his
conversion to homoeopathy and gave his reasons, which were afterward pub-
lished in a series of articles in the " Magazine of Homoeopathy." Dr. Hill was
born December 8. 1813. For some years he was professor of anatomy and
surgery in the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, and was one of the
founders of the Western Homoeopathic College at Cleveland. He was profes-
sor of the principles and practice of surgery in that school, and also gave a
course of lectures in the St. Louis Homoeopathic College in i860. He was
the author of a \vork on eclectic surgery, published in iS^^o, and in conjunction
with Dr. J. G. Hunt, published a work on homoeopathic surgery, issued in
Cleveland in 18^5. In 1859 ^''^ published a small domestic book called " Epi-
tome of the Homoeoi;)athic Healing Art.'' which became popular and which
passed through eighteen editions. . In 1863 he was appointed bv President Lin-
coln, consul to Xicarngua. where he passed one year, when his health became
impaired and he returned. He also served two terms in the Ohio legislature.
He removed from Cincinnati to Berlin in 1852. and practiced until a short
time before his death, when he went to Marysville. California, where he died.
May 13, 1871.
The pioneer homoeopath of Hamilton cotmty was Dr. Alfred Shepherd.
He g^raduated at the Eclectic Medical In.stitute in March. 1849, settled at
Springdale, and commenced the practice of homoeopathy. He was the only
homoeopathic physician at that time between Cincinnati and Dayton. A few
years later he removed to Glendale. He joined the American Institute of
Homoeopathv in 1865. His death occurred in May, 1891.
F. H. Rheiwinkle succeeded Dr. B. F. Ehrmann at Chillicothe in 1849,
and practiced homceopathy there two years when he abandoned medicine for
dentistry.
Dr. Adolph Bauer, one of the Allentown coterie who practiced for a time
Seven Old Fellows.
HISTORY OF IIOMCEOPATHY . 179
at Lynn township, Pa., and graduated from the academy, was born and edu-
cated in Germany. He located in Cincinnati in 1848, where he acquired a
large practice and where he passed his Hfe. He died suddenly October 13,
1867, aged 61 years. He joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy in
1846.
Isedorich Ehrmann, brother of Benjamin, was lx)rn in Jaxsthausen and
received his medical education in Germany. He arrived in New York in the
spring of 1833, settling at first at Carlisle, Pa. He later went to Baltimore,
Md. In 1857 he was in practice in Buffalo, N. Y., and afterward located
in Cincinnati. He died June 7, 1890.
J. W. Leech was for a time located at Xenia. In i860 he settled in
Cincinnati.
Ephraim Craig Beckwith was born in Bronson, Huron county, Ohio, De-
cember 6, 1824. In 1851 he attended his first course of lectures in the medical
department of Michigan University. In 1853 he graduated at the Geneva,
N. Y., Medical College. The next year he located at Marietta, Ohio, in part-
nership with Dr. A. J. Sawyer. In 1856 he married Fanny Forest. After ten
years of practice he removed to Zanesville where he remained for twelve
years. In 1873 he took charge of the sanitarium at College Hill, Ohio. This
position on account of ill health he relinquished in 1874 and went to Columbus,
where he remained in practice mitil his death, November 21, 1880. He was
a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy and of the state societies.
Arthur T. Bissell located at Toledo in 1848. He was professor in the
Western College in 1852. He removed to New York and engaged in manu-
facturing. S. S. Lungren settled at Toledo in 1862 and took Dr. Bissell's
office apartments. Dr. Lungren died March 6, 1892.
In 1849 ^^- John Gilman located at Cleveland, where he remained but a
few years. With several others he started the " Northern Ohio Medical and
Scientific Examiner." It was not long continued.
In 1852 Dr. Kyle, an old school graduate, was practicing homoeopathy at
Birmingham,
Dr. George Hill, brother to Benjamin, graduated from the Western Homoe-
opathic College. February 26, 1853. He located at Berlin Heights where he
practiced until his death.
Dr. E. W. Cowles commenced the practice of homoeopathy at Cleveland
in 1845. He was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia
and a convert to homoeopathy. He had been practicing since 1832, or earlier,
as an allopath.
Dr. Robert Albert Snow was the first homoeopathic student in Cleveland,
studying with Dr. Wlieeler. After graduating he went to New York.
Dr. Henry Wigand located at Ravenna in 1846, later went to Sandusky,
from there to Springfield, and later located in Dayton. In 185 1 he published
the Dayton '" Heraid'of Health."
Charles D. Williams located in Cleveland in 1846. He aided in the organ-
ization of the homoeopathic college and was professor of principles and practice
of homoeopathy. He went to St. Paul, Minn., in i860.
In August. 1850, Lewis Dodge came from Detroit and located in Cleve-
land, and later filled the chair of materia medica in the college.
William Webster was born in Monroe county, Ohio, January 12, 1827.
His father. Dr. Elias Webster, was a pioneer homoeopathic physician. He
had been an allopath in Pennsylvania, and later in Butler county, Ohio. He
180
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
was a descendant of Noah Webster, the lexicographer. His mother, Mary
Kain, was the daughter of an Ohio pioneer. Dr. Webster was educated at the-
Ohio Wesleyan University, and also at Farmer's College, where he graduated
in 1848. He then entered the Cincinnati Eclectic Institute, graduating in 1851.
He moved to Middletown, Ohio, where he began the practice of allopathy,,
but he had listened to the lectures of Dr. Rosa, and they had impressed him.
He made trials of homceopathy, and in two or three years adopted the new sys-
tem.. Dr. Webster remained nine years at Middletown, but in 1858 went
to Dayton. At that time there were but two homoeopathic physicians in Day-
ton, Dr. Bosler and Dr. Wigand, and Webster bought out Wigand. He-
remained in Dayton the rest of his life. He had three sons, two of whom
are physicians. He was a member of the institute and of the state and county
societies. His death occurred May 22, 1894.
Dr. Horatio P. Gatchell was a graduate of Bowdoin College in Brunswick,
Maine. He studied for the ministry and as late as 1843 '""^ was a preacher of the
gospel. He subsequently studied med-
icine, and in 1849-50 was a professor
in the Eclectic Medical Institute of
Cincinnati. At that time he was in-
vestigating homoeopathy. In 1850 he
became associated with Dr. Pulte in
the "American Magazine of Homoeop-
athy." In 185 1 he became professor
of pathology and practice in the
Cleveland Homoeopathic College. In
1865 he was connected with the Hahn-
emann Medical College of Chicago.
He established a sanitarium at Ken-
osha, Wis., and later removed to Ashe-
ville, N. C, where he remained until'
his death, March 27, 1885. In May,
1852, Dr. Gatchell writes: "When
last year I wrote you from Painesvillc
I was here as a visitor, now I write
from under my own rooftree ; then I
was engaged in private practice in Cin-
cinnati ; now I am laying the founda-
tions of an infirmary upon one of the
most salubrious spots in the western-
country."
Dr. George William Barnes graduated at the Western Homoeopathic Col-
lege in 1852. In 1869 he went to California.
Dr. Hamilton Ring graduated at the Homoeopathic Mcvlical College of
Pennsylvania in 1851. He then located at Urbana. He writes: "Homoe-
opathy had few supporters in Urbana in the beginning of 1852, three or foui"
families only being prepared to rely upon it in cases of severe sickness. Two
physicians had been here for very short periods a year or two before, but had
not found the encouragement to remain they wished. During 1852 my income-
from practice was but $300; in 1853 only $450. From year to year the prac-
tice has steadily increased, except during the war period, when the field was:
in charge of two men who neglected the interests of practice. With the excep-
Alfrcd Shepherd, iM. D.
IITSTORY OF HOMa-:or\\THY IHl
lion of the period between 1857 and 1865, durini; which period 1 practiced
homoeopathy at Port Gibson, Miss., I have resided in L'rbana." Dr. Ring died
on November 12, 1884.
In 1854 or 1855 Dr. T. W. Cuscaden, a graduate of the Eclectic Medical
Institute, located in Lebanon, Warren county, and was the first homoeopathic
physician in that locality. Although it was said that he could not remain,
he did so until his death in 1861. Dr. Charles Cropper went to Lebanon in
January, 1861, remaining there until 1863, when he went to Cincinnati. He
practiced there until 1869, when he returned to Lebanon. He was born at
Lexington, Ky.. September 16, 1826, graduated from Eclectic Medical Insti-
tute in 1854. In 1864 he founded the " American Homoeopathist," which was
published three years.
r.enjamin Ehrmann was a native of Wurtemburg, Germany, born in the
village of Jaxsthausen, March 3, 1812. His father and grandfather were physi-
cians and both practiced medicine in his native village. As has been stated,
he came to America when a young man, attended lectures in Philadelphia,
graduated at Allentown Academy, and then located at Harrisburg, where he
married. Later on he determined to follow the western emigration and lived
for a time at Chillicothe, where he practiced for a short time in 1848, but becom-
ing acquainted with Dr. Pidte, he was persuaded to remove to Cincinnati and
there formed a partnership with Pulte. Then came the terrible epidemic of
cholera in 1849 and the two made a reputation most enviable, despite of the
envy of the opposing medical school that sought to destroy the "ignorarit Ger-
man fanatics." Ehrmann was one of the early members of the American Insti-
tute of Homoeopathy, joining in 1846. He was a Swedenborgian, as were
many of the older homoeopathists. His last illness was of short duration and
he died March 15. 1886, in his 75th year. He left six children, of whom two
sons became practicing physicians in Cincinnati.
James George Hunt was born in Cincinnati September 2, 1822. He
attended Woodward College, Cincinnati, and Yale College. He studied medi-
cine with Dr. F. V. Morrow, the founder of the Eclectic Medical College of
Cincinnati. On graduating he was offered the professorship of chemistry in a
medical school recently established in Memphis, but declined it and became
partner with Dr. Morrow in the spring of 1849. The same year he married
Sarah E. Palmer., During the prevalence of the cholera epidemic. Dr. Hunt
made his first experiments in homoeopathy, and his success was such that he
soon began its practice. In 1855, with Dr. B. L. Hill, he pubhshed a book
on the homoeopathic practice of surgery, which had ^ ready sale. The same
year he was elected to the chair of surgery in the Western "College of Homoe-
opathic Medicine. He was for a time connected with " The Homoeopathist,"
a journal started by Dr. Cropper. In 1872, wath Dr. Alonzo Bishop of Ithaca,
N. Y., Dr. Hunt established a sanitarium at the White Sulphur and Tar
Springs, near Cloverport, Ky. He died a few years later.
William Owens commenced to practice homoeopathy in Cincinnati in
1849. He was born in Warren, Trumbull county, April 24, 1823; went to
Cincinnati in 1837; attended Woodward College, and then entered a drug
store. He volunteered for service in the Mexican war and was in several bat-
tles. At the close of the war he returned to Cincinnati and began to study
medicine, graduating in 1849. In the fall of that year he began the practice
of liomoeopathy and became demonstrator in the institute. Later, he held the
same position in the Western College of Homoeopathy at Cleveland. In 1855
182
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
he took charG:e of a water cure establishment at Granville. In i86i he raised
a company ni cavalry and was appointed first lieutenant, and later was pro-
moted captain. He also acted as assistant surgeon and quartermaster. After
the war he returned to Cincinnati to practice. On May 12, 1853, he married
Sarah E. Wilcox of Cincinnati. June i, i865> he was appointed a pension
examining surgeon for Hamilton county. He was also professor of anatomy
in Puite Medical College.
Dr. Storm Rosa was born in Coxsackie. Green county, N. Y., July 18,
1 79 1. He studied medicine with Dr. Doubleday, of Catskill, Dr. Taw Green,
of Chenango county, and Dr. Clyde, of Broome county, N. Y. After three
vears study he was examined by the board of censors of Senaca county, and
William Owens, M. D.
was granted a license March 9, 1816. Pie then located in Madison, Ohio, prac-
ticed there until October, 18 18, when he removed to Painesville. While in
Madison he married Sophia Kimball, by whom he had two children, Lemuel
K, and Catherine Rosa. Lemuel became a homoeopathic physician. In 1841
Dr. Rosa began to investigate homoeopathy at the suggestion of friends who
had been using homoeopathic medicine with success. He received the assis-
tance of Dr. Barlow, of New York, and Dr. Pulte, of Cincinnati, who supplied
him with books and medicines. In 1843 he formally adopted the system. Dr.
E. M. Hale thus writes of him : " When the Eclectic Medical College of Cin-
cinnati was organized, it was understood by the legislature that chartered it
and the original faculty that it w-as to be organized upon the broadest basis of
ture eclecticism. Drs. Morrow, Plill, Gatchcll and other able men were mem-
bers of the faculty, and Dr. Rosa was selected bv the h(inKTeopathists of Ohio
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATIIY
18:i
as a suitable per.Min to occupy the chair of theory and practice of homoeopathy.
His labors in that ctjlle^e mark an era of homteopatliy in the west. They gjave
an impetus to the system that is felt even to this dav. He began one course
of lectures, which had the effect of converting not only one-third of the class,
but two of his most prominent eclectic colleagues in the faculty. Drs. Hill and
Gatchell. This was a result not relished by the eclectic school and Dr. Rosa
was deposed from his position."
The trustees formally abolished this chair August 22. 1850. A trustee
published a letter to the " American Journal of Homoeopathy " for October,
1850, in which he said that as there
were many errors in homoeopathy,
and as the students were already
overburdened with study, and as the
professors were quite competent to
teach the doctrines of homoeopathy
as much as necessary, a special
homoeopathic professorship was of
no utility, especially as there had
been considerable opposition in the
ranks of the homoeopathic school.
When the Western College of
Homoeopathic Medicine was opened
in Cleveland in the fall of 1850, Dr.
Rosa was tendered the chair of ob-
stetrics and diseases of women,
which position he occupied for sev-
eral years. When the St. Louis
Homoeopathic College was estab-
lished he was offered the chair of
theory and practice, but declined.
He presided over the first meeting
of homoeopaths held in Ohio, at Bur-
ton, and there were but nine phy-
sicians present. Dr. Rosa died at
Painesville, May 3, 1864.
Lemuel K. Vosa was born in 1827. He graduated at the Eclectic Medical
Institute of Cincinnati, and soon afterward, 1849, associated in practice with
Dr. Adam Miller of Cincinnati, with whom he remained a year. In the spring
of 1850 he became associated with Dr. H. P. Gatchell. His health was now
feeble, he having for some time been subject to pulmonary hemorrhage. He
returned to his" father's home and attempted to practice with Dr. Manter,
of Elyria, but was again obliged to give it up. He died February 29. 1854,
aged twenty-seven vears.
Dr. David Herrick Beckwith was born at Bronson, Feb. 13, 1826, and
read medicine with Dr. John Tifift, of Norwalk, from 1846 to 1849: attended
lectures at Cleveland Medical College in 1847-48, and graduated from the
eclectic and homoeopathic departments of the Eclectic Medical Institute of
Cincinnati in 1849. ^^ 1850-51 he attended the first course of lectures at the
Eastern College of Homoeopathic Medicine, and received an honorary degree
in the latter vear. He became a partner with Dr. TiiTt at Norwalk. remaining
there until 1852, when he removed to Marietta, being the first homoeopathist
Storm Rosa, M. D.
U H. BKCKwn-H. M. I). J. C. SANnKKS. M I. ! rank Kra.-t. M. D. H. F. B.GOAr. M. D.
J. R. HORNER. M. IJ. <- "■ ^2VAY, M. n.
U H. Vi. IS, M, D.
H. B. Van Norman. M D. <>• ^ I'ai.mkr, M. I)
W. A. Phiu.ihs, M. D. H. H. Baxter, M. D.
H. D. Bishop, M. D.
G. J. Jones. M. D.
TROMINENT CLEVELAND HOMOEOPATHS.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 1H5
there. In 1853 '^^ located at Zanesville, and in 1861 settled in Qeveland.
During the first two years of practice he used allopathic medicines largely,
testing homoeopathy. His attention was first called to it while a student. In
the Cleveland Lyceum the topic was presented : "Resolved, That Homoeop-
athy is the greatest humbug of the age." Dr. Beckwith was appointed on
the negative side, which compelled him to investigate the principles of the
new school. He consulted Drs. John Wheeler and C. D. Williams, who loaned
him homoeopathic books and assisted him in understanding the doctrines of
Hahnemann. The debate lasted for five hours and was decided in the nega-
tive. In 185 1 and 1852 Dr. Beckwith, with others, who had entire control of
the county buildings, tested thoroughly the comparative merits of homoeopathy
and allopathy in scarlet fever and dysentery. The result was so much in
favor of homreopathy that the old use of drugs was abolished. Dr. Beck-
with is a representative man among the Ohio homceopathists. He is a mem-
ber of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, an organizer of the state
society and member of various county societies. He ' is still in practice in
Cleveland.
In the year 1846 the first homoeopathic pharmacy in Ohio was opened
in Cleveland by B. H. Bartlett, at the corner of Superior street and public
square. In 1845, J- ^- DeSilver opened a pharmacy in Cincinnati. He was
agent for the Leipsic pharmacy. In July, 1849, Dr. H. F. Davis opened a
pharmacy in the same city and at the same time conducted a free dispensary
for cholera patients. He sold out to Dr. Parks in the summer of 185 1. In
the Cincinnati " Journal of Homoeopathy " he advertises that " having bought
Dr. Davis' pharmacy and entirely resigned out-door practice will prepare
prescriptions at the pharmacy.'' This pharmacy was sold in 1863 to G. W.
Smith and A. F. Worthington, who dissolved partnership in 1873. In Febru-
ary, 1892, Boericke & Tafel bought out Mr. Worthington. Dr. S. Bailey
opened a small pharmacy in Toledo in 1865, and Dr. G. Wolfif conducted a
pharmacy at Zanesville in 1886. A Mr. Hernig had a pharmacy at Wheeling
at one time, and T. L. A. Greve had one in Cincinnati.
William Fiske conducted a homoeopathic drug store in Cleveland about
1850, and later took John Hall as partner. On January i, 1853. ]\Ir. Fiske
left the firm and Mr. Hall continued the business for a time and was then
succeeded by his son, John B. Hall. In 1865 he sold out to Drs. D. H. Beck-
wuth and N. Schneider. On January i, 1867, Dr. T. P. Wilson entered the
firm. In 1866, Dr. Beckwith bought the pharmacy, taking as partner Mr.
L. H. Wilte, who in 1869 bought out Dr. Beckwith and became sole pro-
prietor.
In 1851, Drs. B. Ehrmann, Adam Miller and G. W. Bigler established
^' The Cincinnati Journal of Homoeopathy." It was issued by the Society of
Homoeopathic Ph} sicians in Cincinnati.
Homoeopathic physicians in Ohio previous to i860. The date preceding
the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoeopathy.
The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some other
school ; the character x indicates that ph}sician practiced medicine before the
■date given.
1843 Adams, R. E. W. Cleveland 1857 Bauer, Ad., Jr. x Cincinnati
1857 Appleby, Dr. x Dayton 1847 Barker, G. W. Cleveland
1858 Arnott, Mrs. C. Amherst 1857 Bartow, A. C. x Lancaster
1840 Bauer, Adolph Cincinnati 1845 Bartlett, B. H. Cleveland
186
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1857
185 1
i8S7
1857
1851
1853
1850
1857
1848
1857
1848
1850
1858
1851
1857
1857
1857
1857
1857
1849
1857
1844
1857
185 1
183s
1857
185 1
1836
1852
1857
1853
1859
1857
1845
1846
1854
i8S4
1846
1848
1857
1859
1857
1861
1857
1850
184s
1840
1833
1857
1848
1865
1852
1857
1857
1 840
i860
Barber, Dr. x Zanesville
Barnes, George W. Mount Vernon
Barnes, L. x Delaware
Barry, Mrs. E. H. x Cleveland
Beach, S. A.
Beeman, J.
Beckwith, David H. Cleveland
Beckwith, Ephriam C. Cleveland
Beckwith, I. B. Norwalk
Beckwith, Seth R. Cleveland
Beck, W. X Cincinnati
Bigler, George W. Cincinnati
Bigelow, F. X Toledo
Bissell, Arthur F. Toledo
Blair, Alonzo O. x Columbus
Blair, Giles S. * Galion
Blair, George H. Columbus
Blakeney, J. T. x Somerset
Bliss, A. A. X Columbus
Bottsford, O. K. x Wellsville
Bosler, Jacob x Dayton
Boyle, Dr. x Dayton
Brainard, Jehu Cleveland
Brush, A. X Cincinnati
Burritt, Alexander H. Burton
Bush, R. B. X Cadily
Bryce, Dr.
Cain, William Ravenna
Caspari, Edward Ravenna
Chase, H. H. x Painesville
Coman. Isaac W. Jefferson
Cope, Dr. Plymouth
Cook. Helen
Coburn. S. H. x Adrian
Coulter, James H. x Columbus
Gushing, Charles F. Cleveland
Connolly, P. J. x Massillon
Cowles. E. W. Cleveland
Crosby, Dr. x Akron
Cropper, Charles Cincinnati
Cuscaden, T. W. Lebanon
Davis, Frederick A. W. * Cincinnati
Davis, H. F. Cincinnati
Davis, H. J. X Cincinnati
Davis. John Greenfield
Dawayer. A. I. x Norwalk
Detweiler. Wm. M. River Styks P. O.
Dennis, J. W.
De Silver
Diller, J. M. x Ashland
Drake, S. L. x Cleveland
Dodge, Lewis Adrian
Ehrmann, Benjamin F. Chillicothe
Ehrmann, L * Cincinnati
Edson, Mrs. S. A. x Cleveland
Fall. John C. * Springfield
Ferris, O. * Upper Sandusky
Flowers, F. L. * New Lexington
Fuller, Dr. x Fairfield
Fulton, S. J. x Toledo
Garrettson, Jesse Cincinnati
Garrcttson, Jos. x Cincinnati
1849
1854
1847
1857
851
853
857
842
857
857
857
863
857
848
853
851
8^2
844
857
849
857
8so
857
857
857
852
8S7
857
852
855
848
849
8:^2
850
843
857
857
S42
849
853
868
850
85 T
85^
849
845
846
846
860
840
848
849
851
S45
843
84T
Gatchell, Horatio P. * Cleveland
Gaylord, Edward P. Toledo
Gilman, John Cleveland
Gilson, E. D. x Ohio City
Gray, W. W. x Cleveland
Goff, Philip H. Geneva
Goodrich, W. B. x Hiram
Gorgas, Charles R. * Wooster
Gross, E. F. x Marion
Harris, Dr. x Mansfield
Hawk, J. A. X West Lebanon
Hamisfar. C. H. * St. Marys
Herrick, C. B.
Hering, H. x Steubenville
Hill, Benjamin L. * Berlin Hts.
Hill, George L. Berlinville
Hollingsworth, Z. Oregon
Holcombe, William H. * Cincinnati
Hoyt, Daniel O. * Cleveland
Howells, X Urbana
Hunt, James G. Cincinnati
Hussey, C. St. C.
Johnson, J. M. x Cleveland
Kinsell, D. R.
Keys, D. C. x Oberlin
Koch, W. X Zanesville
Kissey, J. x Oregon
Kramer, D. T. x Sandusky
Kyle, Dr.
Leech, J. W.
Leach, William C. x Xenia
Linton, J. G. x Hamburgh
Macy, Benjamin C. * Elyria
Massey, Isaiah B. * Sandusky
Manter, N. H. Elyria
Miller, Adam * Cincinnati
]\liller, Thomas * Cleveland
Myers, Jacob x Ashland
Morrill, Alpheus * Akron
Niess, J. X Canton
Northrup, D. W. x Sherman
Oesterlin, Charles * Findlay
Owens, William * Cincinnati
Parks, John M. x Cincinnati
Peckham, George F. * Rawsonville
Pearson, Clement Wellsville
Pearson, William x Dayton
Prentiss, A. N. Jefferson
Peck, William Cincinnati
Plymouth. A. H. Painsville
Podzoe, Father Somerset
Price, William x Cincinnati
Prowell, Dr.
Pritchard, J. A. * Eaton
Pulte, Joseph H. Cincinnati
Prctsch, Curt Wellsville
Reynolds,
Rheiwinkle, F. H. Chillicothe
Ring, Hamilton Urbana
Richmond, R. W. Charlton
Rodger s, George B. * Chagrin Falls
Rosa, Storm Painesville
HISTORY OF HO-MCEOPATHY
1S7
iS^y Rosa. Lemuel K.
1X54 Rush, Robert B. Springfield
iS_|6 Saal. Gerhard Springfield
1X55 Sanders, John Chapin Cleveland
1X57 Sapp, G. W. X Tiffin
1X57 Sachse, H. S. x Chillicothe
1X43 Schlagel, Amherst
1X57 Sceale, Dr. x Cincinnati
1857 Schueler, G. x Cleveland
1857 Schell, D. X Canton
1849 Shepherd, Alfred Springdale
1845 Shepherd, David * Bainbridge
1857 Smith, H. L. x Mount Vernon
1857 Smith, E. W. x Higginsport
1844 Snow Ralph A. Cleveland
1853 Sook, Henry L. * Pomeroy
1854 Spangler. R. W. Chillicothe
Stanley, Nelson
1851 Starr, Calvin Springfield
1857 Steemm, C. W. x Piqua
184s Stevens, D. Windsor
1839 Strum, William Cincinnati
1857 Stockton. C. L. x Painesville
1857 Straw. J. X Cincinnati
1857 Stohl. F. X Ganges
Stokes, Dr.
1857 Storm, I. W. X Cincinnati
1857 Storm, George x
857 Sturges, J. J. X Cleveland
857 Sweeney, E. I. x Nelson
8^7 Swany, I. x Charlton
857 Teller, E. R. x Newark
857 Thompson, W. x Solon
852 TifTt, John Norwalk
853 Townsend, Enoch W. * Warren
857 Turrell, G. x Cleveland
857 Turrell, G. Y. x Cleveland
855 Vail, George W. * Arlington
857 Watson, J. X Lexington
853 Wakeman, John A.* Portsmouth
853 Webster, William * Middletown
857 Werner, J. x Canton
845 Wheeler, John * Cleveland
857 Wheelan, G. x Columbiana
857 Wheat, J. N. x Oberlin
857 Whitney. Sullivan x Cleveland
854 White, Cornelius C. Marion
847 Whipple. A. Dry Ridge
852 Witherill. Edwin C. Cincinnati
857 Wilson, Thomas P. Lanesville
840 Williams, Charles D. * Cleveland
855 Wilmot, Silas G. * Rawsonville
846 Wigand, Henry Ravenna
857 Wolfard, H. L. x Wooster
857 Wooley, P. H. X Newburgh
857 Worley, H. P. x Cleveland
1.^^8 HrSTORY OF HOAFCEC )i'ATHV
CHAPTER X
HOMOiOrATHY IN LOUISIANA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Condition of Medicine in Louisiana in Martin's Time — The Southern Honitieopathic
Medical Association — Charity Homoeopathic Hospital — Dr. Joseph Martin, the Pio-
neer Homoeopath in Louisiana — Taft, the Second Practitioner — Reminiscences of
Other Early Homoeopathic Practitioners.
Authentic historical accotmts state that homoeopathy first found lodgment
in Louisiana in 1836, in which year the system was also introduced in the
states of Ohio and Maryland. The people of the far south took kindly to the
new doctrine, and welcomed its pioneers with the warm impulses of their na-
tures ; and while the allopathic school refused to countenance the disciples of
Hahnemann, they did not carry their opposition to the extreme length of bit-
terness with which they greeted the homoeopaths in many of the states farther
north.
The story of the planting and subsequent growth oi homoeopathy in Lo'Uis-
iana is not wholly unlike that of other states, yet for some reason not easy
of explanation the school never acquired great or even proportionate strength
in the region under consideration, and this despite the fact that the physical
afflictions of mankind in the south, the peculiar maladies with which the
southerners have been periodically visited, yield more readily to homoeopathic
treatment than to that of the old school. This has been proven time and again.
The people, too, always have been ready to welcome the general outspreading
of homoeopathy, but the young practitioners fresh from the college have set
their faces in another direction, choosing the more densely populated states
and the large commercial centers as the field of professional activity. In 1878,
twenty-five years after Martin, the former French ship surgeon, first treated
in New Orleans with the little doses, there were only seventeen homoeopathic
practitioners in the state, and ten years later the number had decreased to
eight. In 1904 there were twenty-six homoeopathic physicians in the state,
twelve in New Orleans and fourteen in the sparsely settled parishes outside
of that city.
THE .SOUTHERN HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
In 1880 the less than twenty homoeopathic practitioners of the state met in
the city of New Orleans and organized a medical association under the name
of Hahnemann Medical Association of Louisiana. This body soon became
decadent and was succeeded in 1885 ^7 the Southern Homoeopathic Medical
Association. The latter society has enjoyed a continuous existence to the
prese-it time, although a re-organization was affected in 1890. The annual
meeting is held in New Orleans in January, with bi-monthly meetings for
ordinary purposes in the same city. The membership in 1903 was twenty-
two physicians.
Societe Hahnemaimienne De La Novelle Orleans was oroanized some-
HISTORY OF H0^[n<:Olv\THV 1S»'
time between 1858 and i860. It published a monthly paper called " L'llo-
moion," which, like the society itself, was soon discontinued.
The Charity Homoeopathic Hospital of New Orleans was founded in
1892 by the homoeopathic profession and its friends in the city, and was
the direct outgrowth of a refusal of certain hospital authorities to permit
homoeopathic treatment of a patient in that institution. The incident hap-
pened in 1891, and the new hospital was established in March of the next
year. It was a worthy enterprise, founded for an equally commendable pur-
pose, yet its life was short, due to a want of proper interest in its affairs,
hence its " passing " was only a natural consequence.
REMINISCENCES.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Louisiana about the same time as in
Ohio. Dr. Joseph Martin, a physician connected with the French navy, vis-
ited New Orleans and became enamoured of that brilliant city. Returning to
France, he was converted by Dr. Tournier, who practiced homoeopathy in
Lyons as early as 1834. Alartin returned to America and located in New
Orleans in 1836. Dr. Flolcombe says Martin was the first man who practiced
homoeopathy in the southern states, and that he practiced in New Orleans
until his death, in 1861. The next pioneer was a layman named Formel, who
had been an old soldier of the " Empire " and who practiced with great zeal.
The French and American people were at that time entirely separated
from each other, and the American residents knew but little of the French
practitioners. The first homoeopathic physician who established a practice
among the Americans was Dr. Robert Glass, of Flopkinsville, Ky., who from
1840 to 1844 spent the winters in New Orleans and practiced the system of
Hahnemann. About the same time two German physicians, Drs. Kiefer and
Luyties, were for a short time in practice.
In 1845, ^^- Gustavus M. Taft, of Hartford, Conn., went south. He
was born in Dedham, Mass., December 7, 1820; read medicine with Dr. Josiah
F. Flagg, of Boston; graduated at the University of New York in 1842, and
began practice in Hartford, being the second practitioner of homceopathy in
that city. His health failed and he went to New Orleans in November, 1845.
Dr. Holcombe says he was an elegant and accomplished gentleman, a thor-
oughly educated physician, and to fascinating address he added the, charm of
fine personal appearance. He acquired an immense business, and his sudden
death, August 10, 1847, ^^'^s regarded as a public calamity. Dr. Taft was
one of the original members of the American Institute of Homoeopathy.
Another of the early homoeopathists was Dr. Alexander Hamilton Bur-
ritt, who went to New Orleans in July, 1854, and of whom further mention
is rnade in the history of early homoeopathy in Ohio. Another noteworthy
practitioner was Dr. L. V. M. Taxil, who had been an allopathic professor in
France. He located in New Orleans previous to 1857, and in 1859 estab-
lished a French monthly journal, " L'Homoion, " an organ of Hahnemannian
doctrine. While attending professional duties Dr. Taxil was severely injured,
having been run over by a street car, from the effects of which he died. Aug-
ust 6, 1864, aged sixty-eight years. Dr. Taxil received his medical degree
from the Western Homoeopthic College m 1858.
Another of the French homoeopathists was Dr. Louis Caboche, who set-
tled in New Orleans about 1856. He also published a paper, " Le Practicien
Homoeopathique", a monthly commenced in 1857 and continued one year. In
190 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1861 he edited " L'Homoion, " which was the organ of the Societe Hahne-
mannienne of New Orleans. He died of typhoid fever in November, 1863,
aged seventy-two years.
Alexis Leon was born in Philadelphia in April, 181 5. After practicing
a few years in that city he removed to New Orleans, where he remained twelve
years. He was practicing homoeopathy previous to 1851. He went to New
Orleans about 1844 and left there in 1856 for New York, where he established
himself in practice. Under the direction of Dr. E. E. Marcy, he gave him-
self treatment and greatly recovered his health. During the summer of 1866,
the fear of cholera in New York caused the physicians to be overworked and
Dr, Leon was affected. In August he was taken ill and died at Long Branch,
N. J., September 2, 1866. He joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy
in 1846.
Dr. J. Vail was practicing homoeopathy in New Orleans as early as 1853.
In a letter he said: "We had in 1853 and 1854 five homoeopathic physicians
in full practice; this year (1855) we have four more. For the three years the
yellow fever prevailed here our loss has been six per cent. "
The homoeopathic pioneer in Mobile was Dr. James Gridley Belden, who
was born in Moscow, N. Y., September 22, 1822. He took a course at Har-
vard Medical School, studied a year with Dr. Winslow Lewis, of Boston,
two years with Dr. Taft, of Hartford, Conn., and graduated at the College of
Physicians and Surgeons in New York in March, 1846. The same year he
went to Mobile, Alabama, remained there a year and then located in New
Orleans. His attention was called to homoeopathy by seeing its good results
in the cases of friends, and making a study of it, he soon became convinced of
its truth and openly adopted it in practice. In 1852 he married Arabella
Trent, of Buffalo, N. Y. He died July 6, 1896, at New Orleans.
In 1855 Dr. Richard Angell went to New Orleans to take charge, in con-
junction with his son, of the Orphans' Home. He bought out Dr. Luyties'
pharmacy the same year. He was born in London, England, March 16, 1804.
After a year devoted to the study of pharmacy he attended the Middlesex
Hospital, then under the supervision of his uncle, Thomas Chevalier, surgeon
to George IV. Afterward he came to America, locating in Washington, D.
C, where he studied medicine with Drs. Sewall and McWilliams of Columbia
Medical College, from which he graduated in March, 1826, having held for
three years previously the position of pharmaceutist and house surgeon in
the Corporation Asylum and Hospital. He engaged in country practice in
Mississippi until 1843, when he went to Louisville, Ky. While there he be-
came a homoeopathist and adopted it in his practice. His wife's ill health
compelled a return to the south in 1847, ^^'^^ ^^^ practiced in Huntsville, Ala.,
until 1855, when failing health unfitted him for active work. He then went
to New Orleans and died there June 10, 1879, at the age of seventy-five years.
Dr. Samuel Minter Angell was the son of Richard Angell, and was born
in Jefferson county. Miss., August 2, 1833. He began the study of medicine
with his father at Huntsville, Ala., and attended lectures at the Cincinnati
Eclectic Medical Institute in 1854-55. The next year took a course at the
Medical School of Louisiana (Tulane University). In 1856-57 he attended
the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in
1857, and he also graduated from an allopathic college at Louisville, Ky. He
settled in New Orleans in practice with his father in 1858, and the partnership
lasted for twenty years until the father's death. During the yellow fever
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATIIY 191
epidemic of 1878. Dr. Aiip:cll became well known for his successful treat-
ment. He died in New Orleans, October 5, 1895, leaving a widow, two
daughters and two sons.
Dr. Adolphe Cartier, an old school practitioner of New Orleans, became a
convert to homoeopathy about 1845. I" Sinith's " Homoeopathic Directory "
for 1857 the names of A. Cartier, F. Cartier, Dr. Bailey, L. A. Bianchini, F.
W. Ferris and J. Alathieu are given as practicing homoeopathy in New Or-
leans. Dr. D. S. Oliphant was practicing in New Orleans in* 1857. An in-
teresting letter from him may be found in the " Family Journal of Homoeo-
pathy" for October, 1854, regarding the yellow fever in Mississippi in 1853.
At that time Dr. Oliphant was living in Natchez. He says : " During the
Wm. H. Holcombe, M. D.
height of the epidemic I remained at Natchez assisting in attendance on the
more critical cases of }ellow fever occurring in homoeopathic families. For
several years I had abandoned medical practice on account of feeble health ;
and had not the urgency of the case impelled me, I should have remained an
indifferent spectator of the struggle between the several schools of medicine.
But the calls of my friends for aid at this trying crisis forced me to active
duty; and gratitude to Dr. Davis for his kind attention to me personally dur-
ing a relapse of yellow fever, mduced me to give him all the aid I could as
nurse and assistant in his cases. " In the midst of this duty Dr. Oliphant was
called to Jefferson county, thirty-six miles distant, where the epidemic was so
severe that the planters had banded together for mutual aid. The few homoeo-
pathic families living there preferred that treatment, and it was their appli-
cation to Drs. Davis and Holcombe that induced Dr. Oliphant to go there.
192 HISTORY Ol' HOAKEOPATHY
WM. II. IIOLCDMBK, M. D.
The one man whose name always will be associated with the growth of
homoeopathy in the south, the Hering of southern homoeopathy, is William
Henry Holcombe, physician, author, poet, humanitarian. He was born in
Lynchburg, Va., May 29, 1825. His grandfather was Colonel Philemon
Holcombe, who ran away from Hampden College and enlisted at the begin-
ning of the revolutionary war, serving through it. He was an officer in
Harry Lee's famous regiment and acted as aide-de-camp to General LaFay-
ette at the seige of Yorktown.
Dr. Holcombe's father was Dr. William J. Holcombe. a successful physi-
cian of Madison, Ind., with whom the young man studied medicine. He at- •
tended one year at Washington College, Va., and had just prepared to enter
the junior class at Yale College when his parents liberated their negroes
and removed to Madison. He took a scientific course in Washington
College, Lexington, Va., attended medical lectures at the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania in 1845-47, and graduated there in the latter
3'ear, After practicing three years with his father in Madison, he
went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he resided from 1850 to 1852. While
there he became a convert to the teachings of Swedenborg, and also to homoeo-
pathy. He practiced in Natchez, Miss., from 1852 to 1855 and then he re-
moved to Waterproof, La. In 1864 he v/ent to New Orleans and lived in that
city until his death, excepting a short time spent in Cincinnati in 1886. In
1852 he married Rebecca Palmer, of Cincinnati, who was interested in medi-
cine and was seen in the doctor's office nearly as frequently as himself. He
was a voluminous writer both of medical articles and books. He also published
several volumes of poems and one novel. His first pamphlet, " The Scientific
Basis of Homoeopathy, " was issued in 1851, and was of great value in mak-
ing converts to the new medical system. The manuscript of his last book,
"The Truth About Homoeopathy, " was found in his desk after his death. In
1853, during the yellow fever epidemic. Dr. Holcombe and Dr. F. A. W; Davis
were appointed physicians to the Mississippi State Hospital, and although
powerful efforts were made in the legislature to expel them from office the
committee which investigated the matter reported favorably and they were
retained.
Dr. Holcombe became a member of the xAmerican Institute of Homoeo-
pathy in i860, and also was a member of various other medical societies. His
books on non-medical subjects were " Our Children in Heaven, " " The Sexes
Here and Hereafter, " '•' In Both Worlds, " " The Other Life, " and a work
of poetry called " Southern Voices. " Dr. Holcombe died November 28, 1893.
Another of the pioneers of homoeopathy in Louisiana was Dr. James D.
Bratt, son of Edward Bratt, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and a graduate in 1852 of the
HonKxoi)athic Medical College of Pennsylvania. IJe died September 22, 185s.
In the directory of 1857 ap])ear the names of Dr. Booth, at Newell's
Ridge; Dr. Couel, ac Catahoola Parish; Dr. L. H. Dorsay, at Kirk's Ferry;
Dr. Gab, at Carrollton ; Dr. Postlcthwaite, at Carroll Parish ; Dr. L. Stempel,
at Star, and Dr. Wirz, at Milliken Bend, but no data are obtainable of them.
In T853 Dr. Luyties established a homoeopathic pharmacy in New ( )'■-
leans, and in 185s sold out to Dr. Richard Angell. In 1856 Drs. Leon and
Burritt established a pliprniacv in New Orleans and carried on business fo'- a
short time. Dr. dc YWlvucuvv kept a small pharmacy in the city for six
HlSTukY ()!• IIUMCKOI'ATHY
It:;
months. About 1860 l^r. J. A. D'Hemicourt opened a pliarmacy, which was
closed in 1875. after his death. In Xovcmber, 1877, I^'Ocricke & Tafel estab-
lished a branch pharmacy in the city and placed it under the charge of
Mr. T. Engelbach. who on A larch i, 1884. bouj^^ht and has since continued it.
A French society was formed in Xew Orleans in 1858, and was con-
tinued for a short time. The New Orleans Relief Association was continued
during the yellow fever epidemic of 1878. It furnished food, nurses and
homoeopathic medicines to the sick. The Hafmemann Medical Association of
Louisiana was organized in 1880, but was discontinued in 1885.
Homoeopathic physicians in Louisiana previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name intlicates the >ear ihe physician began the practice of homceo-
pathv. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some
other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine
before the date given.
1844 Angell, Richard * New Orleans 1858
1857 Angell, Samuel M. Xew Orleans 1857
1857 Bailey, Walter * New Orleans 1840
1846 Belden, James G. * New Orleans . 1^52
1857 Bianchini, L. A. x New Orleans 1840
1857 Booth, Dr. X Newells Ridge 1S46
1852 Bratt; James D. Waterproof 1853
1840 Burritt, Alexander H. New Orleans ; "57
1857 Burritt, Mrs. x New Orleans r '36
1850 Cartier, Adolphe * New Orleans '"57
1850 Cartier. F. New Orleans 1857
1856 Caboche, L. New Orleans i 57
1857 Couel, Dr. x Catahoola Parish '-^44
1857 Dorsey, L. H. x Kirks Ferry ' -8
i860 D'Hemicourt, J. A. New Orleans i 57
i860 Delcroi.x. P. New Orleans i 'j
1857 F"erris, F. W. x New Orleans
Formel, Dr. New Orleans
Gab. Dr. .x Carrollton
Glass. Robert New Orleans
Holcombc, William H. * New Orleans
Kiefer, Dr. New Orleans
Leon, Alexis New Orlean^
Luyties, Dr. New Orleans
Mathieu, J. x New Orleans
Martin, Joseph New Orleans
Oliphant, D. S. x New Orleans
Postlethwaite x Carroll Parish
Stempel, L. x Star P. O.
Tait. Gustavus M. New Orleans
Taxil. L. V. M. New Orleans
Vail, J. X New Orleans
Wirz. H. X Alilliken Bend
194 HISTORY OF HOATCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XT
HOMOEOPATHY IN MARYLAND.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
The Maryland Homceopathic State Medical Society — Other Societies — Fehx R. Mc-
Manus. the Pioneer — His Life and Experiences — Schmidt, the Prussian Convert —
I^aynel, the German, and Busch, the Saxon — Cyriax, Hardy and Geiger — List of
Early Practitioners.
The pioneer of homoeopathy in Maryland was a native of the state and,
withal, a physician of excellent ability, perfectly conscientious, and of suffi-
cient determination of character to withstand the opposition of the forces of
the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, as the oro^anized allopathic profession
in the state always has been known.
Dr. Shower's historv of the Southern Homoeopathic Medical College and
Hospital of P)altimore m another chapter of this work gives an interesting
account of early homoeopathv in Baltimore, and also presents a faithful nar-
rative of the conditions existing in tlie state when the first homoeopaths en-
tered the field. In 1875 there were fifty-seven homoeopathic practitioners in
Maryland, thirty-five of whom were in Baltimore. '
THE MARYLAND STATE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL .SOCIETY.
The society of the name above given dates its history from the year
1887, and was the outgrowth of the Medical Institute of Homoeopathy, estab-
lished in 1882, while the latter was the direct successor of the still older Mary-
land Homoeopathic Society of Baltimore City, which was incorporated in 1875,
and was a state society notwithstanding the local character implied by its
name. The society last mentioned was organized in Baltimore on December
16, 1875, at which time a constitution was adopted, and officers were elected as
follows : Dr. Elias C. Price of Baltimore, president ; Dr. Thomas F. Pomeroy
and Dr. Fl. R. Fetterhoff, both of Baltimore, vice-presidents ; Dr. H. A. Un-
derwood of Baltimore, secretary ; Dr. Jacob Schmidt of Baltimore, treasurer ;
Dr. J. B. Crane of Bel Air, George Fechtig of Flagerstown and Dr. A. A.
Roth of Frederick, censors. The society held annual meetings with fair reg-
ularity until 1882, and was then dissolved. On November 15 of the same
year a meeting of homoeopathic physicians of the state was held in Baltimore
and organized the Maryland Institute of Homoeopathy, with these officers:
Dr. Elias C. Price of Baltimore, president ; Dr. George T. Shower of Balti-
more, vice-president ; Dr. O. Edward Janney of Baltimore, secretary and
treasurer; Dr. Eldridge C. Price of Baltimore, historian; Drs. Flora A. Brew-
ster, A. R. Barrett and William B. Turner, censors. This society met semi-
annually in Baltimore and continued its existence until April 11, 1887, when
it adjourned sine die. It was immediately succeeded bv the present society,
which dates its history from the day mentioned. The first officers were Dr.
Joseph Lloyd Martin, president; Drs. N. W. Kneass and Thom.as E. Sears,
HIST(JRY OF HOMCEOl'ATKY
195
vice-presidents; Dr. Irving Miller, secretary; Dr. Thomas Shearer, treasurer;
Drs. N. W. Mark, E. S. Conlyn and H. Wilbur, censors. This society has
maintained an active and useful existence to the present time, and numbers
about seventy-five members.
The Baltimore Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at Baltimore
September 24, 1874, and was continued until 1883, when it was dissolved.
The Medical Investigation Club of Baltimore was organized November
5, 1881, with five members, for the especial purpose of promoting the investi-
gation of medical and scientific subjects, and social intercourse of those who
united with it. In this respect the club had fulfilled an important mission in
the homoeopathic professional life of Baltimore and generally has been the
Thomas Shearer, M. D.
means of accomplishing much good. Its methods are wholly democratic and
its meetings are occasions of social enjoyment.
The Homoeopathic Clinical Society of Maryland and the District of Co-
lumbia was organized October i, 1890, a union of the Homoeopathic Society
of Maryland and the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the District of Co-
lumbia.
The Maryland Homoeopathic Hospital of Baltimore was opened October
9, 1890. Its history is sufficiently mentioned in connection with that of the
college of which it forms a part.
196 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. Felix R. McManus, to whom is accorded the honor of having first
carried the gospel of Hahnemann to the Marylanders, was born in Baltimore,
i\[ay 30, 1807. He was educated chiefly at Georgetown University, and later
was a student in medicine at the Baltimore Infirmary. He took his degree
in medicine at the University of Maryland in April, 1829, and began practice
in Baltimore in that year, but in 1837 the (to him) unaccountable loss of a
patient so disturbed his mind m regard to the settled rule of pr'actice of that
school that he instinctively turned ni another direction in the hope of arriving
at some satisfactory conclusion respecting the evident mistakes of that school's
methods, and at the same time to provide himself with more rational and sane
means of cure. It was then that his attention was called to homoeopathy by
one of the Catholic clergy ; he was led to investigate, and investigation brought
him into a new light in the world of medicine.
'* I claim the honor of having been the first physician of Maryland who
attempted such investigation, " said Dr. McManus in writing the story of
homoeopathy in iiis native state. And again he says : " Homoeopathy here, as
well as elsewhere, had a ' hard road to travel,' as, in all other places, nothing
but its success could vindicate its adoption; and now it enjoys a proud and en-
viable position."
This most worthy pioneer of homoeopathy lived to good old age, and died
in his native city March 3, 1885. He was a charter member of the American
Institute of Homoeopathy, and for manv years was a conspicuous figure in the
assemblages of his professional brethren. The story of his early experiences
ahva\s found willing listeners, and he was looked upon as the father of his
school in Maryland as long as he lived. At a meeting of the institute held at
Milwaukee in 1880 he narrated the history of his early practice and of his
conversion to homceopathy, and the published accounts of his story have been
drawn upon to ilkistrate in this chapter something of the life of the practi-
tioner of Hahnemann's doctrine during the second quarter of the last century.
Dr. McManus frequently expressed regret that there was so little organ-
ization among his professional brethren m Maryland, and in one of his public
addresses he annoimced that the state was without either college or hospital
and that no homteopathic publication was issued from within its borders.
The worthy old veteran lived, however, to participate in the organization of a
flourishing state society and to witness the establishment of others ; and had
he lived five more years his desire to witness the establishment of a college
of homoeopathic medical learning would have been gratified, for in 1890 th.-:
Southern Homoeopathic Medical CoJlege and Hospital was founded and
entered upon its useful career. This institution, however, is made the subject
of more extended mention in another department of this work.
Dr. McManus frequently narrated the story of his conversion to homoe-
opathy. He secured Hering's " Domestic Physician, " with thirty or forty
remedies, and bought a box containing one hundred and seventeen remedies,
prepared, as he supposed, in Leipsic. He mentioned several cures with the
thirtieth potencies, of which he once spoke as follows: " I saw an announce-
ment in a paper of a homreopathic physician by the name of Radclifife, and
at that time I had a very singular case, and I did not know what to do with
it. It was a case that 1 defined to be neuralgia, rheumatic pain or rheuma-
tism. The neuralgia was intermittent neuralgia. The lady was nineteen years
HISTORY OF IK ).M(i:()PATHY 197
of age, very sensitive in her organization and in her nervous system. Every
day at two o'clock after an intermission of six weeks, she was taken with what
she called a needle pain. She felt as if a needle were stuck into her heart,
and that was immediately followed by a convulsion which lasted from thirty
minutes to two or three hours. I commenced the treatment on the tonic plan ;
I commenced with sulphate of qumine. Still the pain came on at two o'clock.
1 gave the medicine faithfully for two or three days but it had no result.
Then I resorted to a preparation of arnica flowers and a solution. Finally I
anticipated the paroxysm by sinapisms anteriorly and posteriorly. These
were applied to the heart. I thought by the time we began to irritate the sur-
face it would produce some effect ; this was counter irritation. I thought
by this plan I might break up the paroxysms. I did not know what to do.
I saw this advertisement and said. I do not know Dr. Radcliffe ; nobody can
tell me who he is ; I will go and see him. I went and told him the object of
my visit. I asked him if he had ever treated such a case. He said, * No.'
He was a very intelligent man and very agreeable in his presence, bearing and
conversation. He listened to my story patiently and after hearing me said,
* Doctor, I think a dose of spigelia the thirtieth will cure that case.' ' One
dose of spigelia,' said I, 'you do not mean the Maryland pink root?' 'Yes,'
he replied, ' I will give you a dose.' It was then ten o'clock in the morning.
' What will I do with it? ' said I. His reply was: ' You put this powder on
the tongue of th.e patient.' I saw him pour out the pellets in a little sugar of
milk. I had the curiosity to take up the bottle ; it bore the mark, ' Spigelia,
30.' I left the house and thought to myself that man must be a fool, and
yet he told it to me with that kind of assurance that would baffle suspicion. I
thought, if this dose of spigelia will cure her, I will try it. I went to see the
young lad> about ten o'clock and I put the powder of spigelia on the end
of her tongue. I thought to myself it was a real piece of folly, but I told her
I would come again in the afternoon. I was very busy, but told her I would
go to the 'house about five o'clock. Now^ you must recollect that this patient
had not missed a paroxysm for six weeks. Her mother met me at the door.
She was standing on the portico and she raised her hand and said : ' Mary
missed her pain to-day.'
" 'Missed her pain. Had she any spasm?' 'Not at all, come in.'
" I Avent in. The girl was sitting up. The first thing I did was to feel
her pulse. ' Well, Mary, how do you feel? ' She answered, ' I feel better than
I have for a long time. I think it is because I missed this pain.' 'Had you
no symptom of it? ' ' No, ' she said, ' I never had any 'premonition at all, until
it came like a needle sticking in my heart. But to-day I had nothing of it.'
I looked at the girl and 1 looked at myself. What conclusion could I come to?
It must be the effect of the spigelia. I waited without seeing Dr. Radcliffe
until the morrow, and at five o'clock I went to see the girl, who felt remark-
ably well. That night I went to see the doctor. ' Well, ' he said, ' did that
powder have any effect upon that young woman?'
■■ I said, 'Really I do not know how to answer that question. I called at
four or five in the afterno-Dn and the girl had neither pain, spasm nor con-
vulsion, and I called to see her this afternoon and she had neither the one nor
the other.'
■■ ' \\'ell, sir, vou told me that if I would cure that case — and I have cured
it with one dose of medicine — that you would believe in homoeopathv.' ' Well,
doctor, if 1 tell vou that I believe, vou will sav that I am a verv visionarv
198 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
man. How could one dose cure that girl after I had done so much? How
could one dose do it ? ' He replied, ' the dose of spigelia that I gave was
what the girl's case required, and what you did amounted to nothing.' "
Notwithstanding the fact that Dr. McManus rightfully laid claim to
pioneership in the practice of homoeopathy in Maryland, his honor in that
respect must be shared with Rev. Jacob Geiger, a Maryland pastor of German
extraction and Pennsylvania parentage and birth, who had frequently been
brought under the beneficent teachmgs of Allentown Academy and thus ac-
quired a fair understanding of the principles of Hahnemann's school of medi-
cine. In 1836, contemporary with Dr. McManus, Rev. Geiger took up the
practice of medicine in connection with the pastoral charge of his flock, and
continued both until the time of his death in 1848. This allusion to Pastor
Geiger's medical endeavors is important when it is mentioned that nine of his
descendants were graduates of homoeopathic colleges and practitioners of
medicine.
In this connection also it may be stated that Dr. Shower's history of the
Southern Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital credits one Dr. Schwartz
with being the first regular homoeopathic physician in the city of Baltimore,
and 1837 as the year of his beginning practice. However, he stayed in the
city only one vear. Much that is interesting in relation to early homoeopathy
in Maryland may be found in Dr. Shower's narrative.
Dr. Jacob Schmidt located in Baltimore in 1843. He was born in Kreutz-
nach, Prussia, June 29, 181 3. He was educated in the government gymna-
sium, and at nineteen entered the engineer corps. At the expiration of his
time of service, and after an examination, he was promoted to the rank of
officer in the reserve corps of the Prussian army. In 1836 he came to the
United States, where he found employment in the department of coast survey.
Prostrated bv illness in Philadelphia, he was attended by Dr. F. Hussmann,
assistant to Hering, and by him was persuaded to abandon his profession and
study medicine. He was received into the Hering household, where for three
years he studied, at the same time attending lectures at the University of
Pennsylvania. In 1843 he received the degree of the Allentown Academy.
The next year he assisted in organizing the American Institute of Homoe-
opathy. About this time he married a sister-in-law of Dr. Hering, Johanna
Hussmann, and being invited bv Dr. Haynel, he went to Baltimore, where
he established a practice and where he resided until his death March 20, 1880,
aged 67 years. In 1867 he received the degree of the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania.
Another of the Baltimore pioneers was Dr. Adolph Ferdinand Haynel.
He had been a personal student of Hahnemann's. Speaking of the journey
of Hahnemann from Leipsic to Coethen, Hartmann says : "I was not with
them, having left Leipsic. Hahnemann took two of his pupils with him,
Dr. Haynel and Dr. Mossdorf. Haynel led the life of a true nomad ; was at
Berlin at the first invasion of the cholera ; 'then at Merseberg; finally visited
me in 1830 in Leipsic, where he provided himself with a large stock of homoe-
opathic medicines with the intention of going to North America." Dr. Haynel
died at Dresden, August 28, 1877, aged 81. He was an inmate of Hahne-
mann's family for more than ten years, and proved a number of remedies for
him. About 1835 he came to America, and resided first in Reading, Pa.,
then in Philadelphia. In 1845 lie lived in New York and still later at Balti-
more, from whence he returned to Furope several years previous to his death.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 199
Grey sa)s tlial lia\nel established himself in Ijaltimore as a homoeopathist as
early as 1838.
Dr. Lewis Btisch was born in Gotha, Saxony, in 1808, and practiced allo-
pathy there from 1829 to 1831, and homoeopathy from 1833 to 1836. He then
left Germany, came to America, and landed at Baltimore. He practiced there
a short time and then he went to Adams county, Pa. He was located. at
Hollidaysburg as early as 1842, remained there until 1859. He went to Hunt-
ington county, and from thence to Altoona.
Dr. E. C. Bernard Cyriax was born in Gotha, Germany, August 11, 1820.
He graduated in medicine in 1837, at Gotha, and went to America in 1843,
locating in Baltimore. Here he was led to examine homoeopathy, and finally
to accept it; after 1846 he practiced it openly. In 1847 he went west, locat-
ing in Springfield, 111. He practiced with Dr. F. Kuechler, the firm being
the pioneers of homoeopathy in that locality. In December, 1848, he returned
to Baltimore, w^here he remained until 1857, when he again went to Illinois,
locating in Atlanta, Logan county. In 1861 he removed to Cleveland, Ohio.
Dr. James E. Hardy was born in Norfolk, Va., October 31, 1842. He
graduated' at the University of Edinburgh, returned to America, and in 1868-
69 attended lectures at the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, from
which he graduated. He then returned to Baltimore to practice.
Rev. Jacob Geiger introduced homoeopathy in Carroll county in 1836,
and Dr. Radclifi'e introduced it in Washington county in 1841.
The first hom.oeopathic pharmxacy in Baltimore was opened by John
Tanner in 1850. Dr. Tanner in connection with his pharmacy also practiced
medicine. He had been cured by homoeopathy when a young man after the
allopaths had given him up. He went to Leipsic in 1840, establishing a
homoeopathic pharmacy there. Ten years later he went to Baltimore. He
sold to Dr. Amelia A. Hastings, a woman graduate, and in April, 1865, she
sold to Dr. Elias C. Price. He kept the establishment two and a half years,
then selling to Dr. Boone, who in turn sold to Dr. F. E. Boericke in 1868. In
T869 the proprietors were Boericke & Tafel, who have since continued the
business.
Homccopathic physicians in Maryland previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of
some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medi-
cine before the date given.
1S57 Arnold, Dr. x Baltimore 1853 Lungren, Samuel S. * Hagerstown
1857 Buckner, Dr. x Baltimore 1846 Martin, Joseph L. Baltimore
183.3 Busch, Louis * Baltimore 1836 McManus, Felix R. * Baltimore
1846 Cyriax, E. C. Bernard * Baltimore 1856 McManus, F. S. Baltimore
1861 Doran, Charles R. * Hagerstown 184S Middleton, John D. Baltimore
Dysen, R. Nanjemoy 1857 Miller, Dr. Baltimore
1835 Ehrmann, Francis Hagerstown 1850 Rayborg, C. H. Baltimore
1840 Ehrmann. Frederick Baltimore 1841 Radcliffe, Dr. Washington Co.
1836 Geiger, Jacob (Rev.) Cumberland 1852 Randel, John Massey Randelia
1854 Geiger, Theodore S. Manchester 1839 Schmidt, Jacob Baltimore
1851 Geiger, Charles A. Manchester 1838 Tanner, John Baltimore
1851 Hammond, INIilton * Baltimore 1857 Welner, M. x Baltimore
1820 Haynel, Adolph F._ Baltimore 1857 Wisman A. x Fredericktown
1857 Howe, Dr. x Baltimore 1857 Worman, A. D. x Fredericktown
200 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XH
HOISIOEOPATHY IN CONNECTICUT.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
The First Prescriber of Homoeopathic Doses in Connecticut — Early Planting and
Subsequent Growth of Homoeopathy in the State — Societies and Hospitals — The Tay-
lors, Father and Son — New Milford First to have a Homoeopathic Physician — The
I'afts in Hartford — John Schue — Introduction of the New System in the Counties —
Pioneers, Early Practitioners and Reminiscences — List of Old Practitioners.
The doctrine of homoeopathy first gained a foothold in Connecticut in
1837. when Dr. Federal Vanderburgh on a social visit to New Milford was
called to professionally attend the wife of an old school physician. This was
the beginning of the new system in the region under consideration, and the
immediate results of Vanderburgh's treatment was the recovery of his patient
and the conversion of her husband to the teachings and practice of Hahne-
mann, which previous to that time he had ridiculed. As evidence of the sub-
sequent growth of the homoeopathic system in the state it may be said that
in 1857, twenty years after Vanderburgh's missionary effort there, forty-two
physicians of that school were in practice. In 1876 the number had increased
to sixty-three, in 1875 to eighty-four, in 1882 to one hundred and nineteen,
and in 1904 to one hundred and fifty-three ; and to-day there is no county
and hardly a single town that has not at least one homoeopathic physician.
And this is not all ; in less than fifteen years after Vanderburgh's first cure,
the hardly more than two score homoeopathic practitioners took steps to organ-
ize their forces for mutual protection and advantage and proceeded to form
a state medical society.
CONNECTICUT STATE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The first society of homeopathic physicians in Connecticut was formed
in Hartford, November 17, 1851, and was known as the Connecticut Institute
of liDmrieopathy. At this meeting seven pioneers of the new system were
in attendance. They were Drs. Jeremiah T. Dennison, of Fairfield ; W. W.
Rodman, of Waterbury ; W. C. B,ell, of Middletown ; C. H. Skiff and E. T.
F^oote, of New Haven; and C. A. Taft and George S. Greene, of Hartford.
Dr. Dennison was elected president, Dr. Rodman vice-president. Dr. Greene
secretary, and Dr. Skiff' treasurer. At the same time the constitution and by-
laws were presented and adopted. At a meeting held June 10. 1864, a reor-
ganization was effected, and the society was incorporated under the name of
Connecticut Homoeopathic Medical Society. A new constitution was adopted
in 1880. Since 1891 the annual transactions have been published, as also have
several of the important addresses by presidents. On November 18-19, 1901,
the society celebrated its semi-centennial at Hartford. Addresses were made
by distinguished physicians of various states, and the occasion was otherwise
enlivened with social entertainments. In 1904 the membership of the society
numbercil one hundred arid five.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY •^<»l
'Die New Haven Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized Febru-
ary 24, 1887, at the residence of Di. C. B. Adams in the city of New Haven.
The societv is not incorporated.
Grace Homoeopathic ^Medical Society of New Haven was incorporated
June 21, 1889, and at once became an active organization in promoting the
interests of the homoeopathic profession in Connecticut,
Grace Homoeo])athic Hospital at Hartford, the first institution of its kind
in the state, originated in a movement started in 1888 and consummated in
the formal openmg which took place in September, 1892. The hospital asso-
ciation was incorporated by the legislature in 1888, and the state appropri-
ated $20,000 for the benefit of the hospital on condition that a like sum be
raised by subscription. This was accomplished, and with the fund thus created
the trustees purchased the old Mallory property on West Chapel street. The
building was arranged for its new occupancy, and was furnished through the
agency of the women's hospital board, the society of the King's Sons and
Daughters and the Ladies' Aid Society. The hospital property is valued at
$100,000. The institution is supported' by state aid, pay patients and volun-
tary contributions. The training school for nurses w^as established in 1895,
As has been stated, the first homoeopathic prescription in Connecticut
was made by Dr, Federal Vanderburgh. In 1837 Dr, George Taylor's wdfe
was threatened with consumption, and her husband and other physicians had
prescribed remedies without relief. About that time Vanderburgh, an old
friend of Dr. Taylor's, visited New Milford, and learning of the sickness of
Mrs. Taylor, proposed prescribing homoeopathically for her. Dr. Taylor, an
allopath, at last consented to this, and contrary to his expectation, his wife im-
proved and eventually was restored to heaith. Dr. Taylor then began to
investigate homoeopathy and to test it until about 1839 or 1840, when he be-
came a convert to its practice. He was born in New Milford in 1802, and
graduated from the medical department of Yale College in 1824, at once
beginning practice in his native town. When his allopathic friends realized
that he was practicing the new medical system, he was dismissed from the
medical society and further consultations with him were refused. He was
the first homoeopathic physician in Connecticut, and practiced for many years
in New Milford.
Charles Taylor, the son of George Taylor, graduated at Geneva Medical
College and in 1852 practiced with his father at New Milford. He repre-
sented his town in the general assembly four years and held other offices. He
died July 4, 1890.
Hartford was the second town in Connecticut in which homoeopathy w^as
introduced. In 1842 Dr. Gustavus M. Taft located there. He was born in
Dedham, Mass., December 7, 1820, read medicine with Dr. Josiah Flagg of.
Boston, and later with Drs. Hull and Gray of New York. He graduated at
the University of New York in 1842, and at once began to practice in Hart-
ford. His health failed and he went south, locating in New Orleans in Novem-
ber, 1845. He died of yellow fever August 10, 1847, aged twenty-seven
years.
Dr. Cincinnatus A. Taft, brother of Gustavus M. Taft, graduated from
the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York in 1846, and settled in
Hartford the same year. He had studied with his brothers and was the third
homoeopathic physician to locate in Hartford and the seventh in the state. He
became one of tlie leading physicians of Connecticut. He died June 26, 1884.
202 HISTORY OF HO^ICEOPATHY
Dr. John Schue,. the next of the Hartford pioneers, was a native of Ger-
many, born in 1815, and came to New York in 1839. He entered the office of
Drs. Hull and Gray to learn English and study homoeopathy. He graduated
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1842, practiced in New York
until 1844, then went to Hartford and formed a partnership with Dr. Gus-
tavus M. Taft. He remained there m practice until his death, September 25,
1856. He joined the institute in 1846. Dr. Schue lost his wife in 1855,
which so depressed him that he himself died soon afterward. ■
Dr. Gardner S. Browne commenced to practice in Hartford about 1867,
and died there December 29, 1876. He was a graduate of the University of
New York. Dr. George Starr Green graduated at the University of New
York in 1848. He became partner with Dr. A. Cook Hull in Brooklyn, where
he began the practice of homoeopathy in 1849. He removed to Hartford,
January i, 1851. Dr. Harvey Cole came from Pittsfield,' Mass., and located
in Hartford in 1868. Dr. James D. Johnson opened an office in Hartford in
1869. Hg was a graduate of Bellevue Hospital Medical College. Drs. Irving
M. Lyon and S. Giles Tucker were in practice there in 1870. Dr. M. P. Hay-
ward, a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, also
practiced in Hartford for a short time, going thence to Ohio. In 1856 Dr.
H. T. Brownell and Russell Caulkins were located in Hartford. In 1857, there
were six homoeopathic physicians m the city; in 1870, seven; in 1882, eleven,
and in 1904, nineteen.
Dr. Edward Wilberforce Kellogg was born at Avon, Conn., November
29, 1840, and at the age of twelve years went to Philadelphia to attend school.
He returned home in a few years and entered the high school at Collins-
ville, from which he graduated. At this time he had no thought of medicine,
but was devoting his attention to musical study. Early during the war of
1861-65, he enlisted, and while awaiting orders near New London, he was
offered a position as hospital steward at Fort Trumbull. Dr. Isaac G. Por-
ter was surgeon at this hospital and young Kellogg was associated with him
for three years as assistant and pupil. He was honorably discharged in
November, 1865, and then entered Bellevue Hospital Medical College, but
after a year matriculated at the New York Homoeopathic Medical College,
where he graduated in 1867. He located at Danbury, remained there one year
and then went to Southington, where he practiced until 1871. In May, 1871,
he removed to Hartford. On March 7, 1867, he married Hilah A. Dart of
New London. In 1857 there were in Hartford, Drs. Gardner S. Browne, F.
Brownell, H. T. Brownell, Russell Caulkins, George S. Green and Cincin-
natus A. Taft.
The pioneer homoeopath in New Haven and the fourth physician of that
school in the state, was Dr. Charles H. Skiff, who was born at Spencertown,
Columbia county, N. Y., May 17, 1808, and graduated at the Berkshire Medi-
cal School, September 5, 1832. He married Rachel McKinstry of Livingston,
N. Y., October 17, 1833. He began the practice of homoeopathy in Spencer-
town in 1840, and removed to Albany in 1842. He went to New Haven in
1843 ^i^d remained there until his death, December 11, 1875.
Dr. Daniel W. North rup was the fourth homoeopath in the state, having
begun practice at Sherman, Fairfield county, in 1843. I^r. Daniel Holt, an-
other pioneer in New Ha.ven, was born at Hampton, July 2, 1810. He was
educated at Ashford and Amherst academies and in 1831 entered the scien-
tific department of Yale. Later on he studied medicine with Dr. Hiram Holt
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 203
of Pomfret, and graduated from the Yale Medical School in 1835. He located
at Glastonbury, where he acquired an extensive practice. He received a
prize from the Connecticut Medical Society for an essay on scarlatina, and
was author of several noteworthy papers. In 1845 he was appointed to prepare
a paper for the state medical society. Homoeopathy soon attracted his atten-
tion and he employed the opportunity to demonstrate its absurdity. After care-
ful study, and experimenting- with its remedies, he became convinced of its
truth, and then published his essay " Views of Homoeopathy or Reasons for
Examining and Admitting it as a Principle in Medicine." This was pub-
lished in New Haven in 1845. During this year he went to New Haven and
studied homoeopathy with Dr. Skiff, and afterward practiced it, making fre-
quent trips to New York to consult with Gray, Hull, Vanderburgh, Joslin,
Wells and others. Because of his change in faith he was expelled from the
New Haven Medical Association, but afterward three of his prosecutors
adopted homoeopathv. In 1845 Dr. Holt went to Lowell, Mass.
Dr. Elial ToddFoote was born in Greenfield, Mass., in May, 1796. He
studied medicine with Dr. Samuel Guthrie of Sherburne, N. Y., and was
licensed by the Qienango County Medical Society in 181 5. He went to Chau-
tauqua county, locating in what was afterward Jamestown, but which then had
no name. In June, 1818, he was chairman of a meeting of physicians of
the county called to organize the Chautauqua County Medical Society, and
was the first president of that body. In 1827 he became a permanent member
of the New York Medical Society. Before he left New York Dr. Foote had
become interested in homoeopathy as practiced by Dr. Alfred W. Gray, brother
of Dr. John F. Gray, and he became a homoeopath in 1840. It is not known
just when he located in New Haven. He became a member of the American
Institute of Homoeopathy in 1850. When the Connecticut Homoeopathic Med-
ical Society was reorganized in 1864 Dr. Foote delivered the inaugural ad-
dress, which was largely historical regarding homoeopathy in the state. He
died at New Haven November 17, 1877.
Charles Cheney Foote, son of Dr. Elial Foote, was born in Jamestown,
N. Y., September 6, 1825, graduated at Union College in 1849, read medicine
with his father, and in 1850 attended medical lectures at the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons of New York. He also attended lectures at Jefferson
Medical College of Philadelphia, graduating there in 185 1. He began to
practice in New FTaven, and for two years was associated with his father.
He died November 9, 1871.
Dr. Paul C. Skiff was in practice in New Haven in 1870. He was a
graduate of Yale. Dr. Charles W. Skiff, his son, graduated from the New
York Homoeopathic Medical College in 1861, practiced with his father in
Brooklyn, and returned with him to New Haven in 1862. He remained but
a short time in practice. In 1861 Dr. W. W. Rodman located in New Haven.
In 1857 there were but four homoeopaths in that city; in' 1870, six; in 1878,
sixteen.
Dr. Oscar Sceitz began the practice of homoeopathy in New London in
1845. Dr. Nathaniel Otis Harris practiced there from, 1854 to 1857, when he
went to East Haddam. He graduated at the New York L^niversity Medical
College in 1854 and went at once to New London, remaining until 1857, when
he located in East Haddam. He studied homoeopathy with Dr. J. T. Evans.
In 1847 Dr. Lucien H. Morton opened an office at Bridgeport and was
the homoeopathic pioneer m Fairfield county. He was a graduate of Berk-
20-i HISTORY OF HO^lQiOPATHY
shire Medical College. Dr. Charles Taylor practiced in Bridgeport for one
year and went to New Milford.
In 1859 ^^- Charles E. Sanford went to Bridgeport from Bristol. He
was born in North Haven, May 31, 1830, and gradnated from Yale Medical
School in 1853. He studied mecUcine with his brother-in-law, Dr. G. A.
Moody of Plain ville. After graduation he returned to Plainville, entering into
partnership with his preceptor and remained there two years. In 1855 he
married Anna F. Neale and about that time entered mercantile pursuits in
New York, but soon returned to his profession. During his stay in New York
Dr. Sanford became acquainted with homoeopathy and was impelled while
living with an old friend in Brooklyn to investigate, resulting in his complete
conversion to its principles. In 1870 Dr. Sanford wrote: "My present ad-
dress is Bridgeport, where I have resided since 1859. Previous to that time
1 practiced medicine in Plainville and Bristol. 1 began to practice homoe-
opathy in 1858."
Dr. James H. Osborne was located at Bridgeport in 1870. He gradu-
ated from the New York Homoeopathic College in 1867. Dr. Oliver Brew-
ster Taylor graduated at Harvard Medical School in 1842, and began the
practice of homoeopathy in 1848 at Dana, Mass. In 1849 ^"^^ went to i'dan-
chester, where for many years he was the only homoeopathic physician.
Dr. William Campbell Bell was an early practitioner at Middletown. He
was born in Chester, Mass., September 6, 1806, and attended school at Ches-
ter and Westfield academies. He studied medicine in Chester under Drs. Hor-
ace Ballard and T. K. DeWolf, and afterward with Dr. T. Childs at Pitts-
field. He attended medical lectures at Woodstock, Vt., and at Pittsfield, Mass.,
graduating from the Berkshire Medical College in 1833. He began allopathic
practice at Austerlitz, N. Y., and after ten years adopted the homoeopathic
system. In 1850 he located at Housatonic, Mass., where he remained six
years, then he removed to Middletown, where he. remained for over forty
years. In 1833 he married Charlotte Maria Boise, of Chester. Dr. Bell re-
tired from practice in the spring of 1891 and went to live at Blandford, Mass.,
where he died October 12, 1894. Drs. G. W. Burroughs and G. B. Smith
practiced in Middletown for a time. Dr. Aaron S. Osborne and Julius Gnod-
inger were practicing in Middletown in 1878.
Dr. George Pitkin Cooley was practicing homoeopathy in Bristol as early
as 1854. He was born in Manchester, November 28, 1830, the son of Dr.
William Cooley of Hartford county. In 1850 he became a student of Dr.
Gustavus A. Taft of Hartford, attended lectures at the New York Homoe-
opathic Medical College, and at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Penn-
sylvania during the session of 1853-54. He received a special degree from
that college in 1862. In 1854 he entered into practice at Bristol, but after
four years removed to New Britain, where he located permanently. In April,
1865, he married Lucy A. Peck of New York.
Dr. James H. Austin practiced homoeopathy in Bristol as early as 1850.
He was born in Suffield, Conn., in 1824, began the study of medicine when
about twenty years old, and graduated at the Berkshire Medical College in
1847. He located at Bristol in 1.848, and for ten years was faithful to the
medical system in which he was educated. He is said to have embraced
homoeopathy about 1858. He died March 2^, 1873. In 1870 Dr. Edward P.
Woodward was in practice at Bristol.
Dr. Asa W. Brown located at Mvstic Bridge, New London countv. in
HISTORY OF HO^^(EOPATHY i'<>5
1855. He was born in Sterling:, Windham county, Conn., September 28, 1813,
studied at Brooklyn Academy, j^raduated at the Western College of Homoe-
opathic Medicine in 1853. practiced two years at Centreville, R. I^ and then
settled at Mystic Bridge, where he remained until 1873, when he removed
to Providence, R. I.
Rev. Moses Hill introduced homoeopathy in Norwalk, Fairfield county,
in 1855. In 1870 Dr. Mosman was the only homoeopath in Norwalk, and in
1875, Dexter Hitchcock and Nathan A. Mosman were practicing there. In
1882, A. H. Baldwin, G. S. Comstock and Dexter Hitchcock were practicing
in that city. Dr. Mosman graduated in medicine in New York in 1861, and
soon afterward located at Norwalk. In 1879 ^""^ went to New York city.
Dr. Dexter Hitchcock graduated from the New York Homoeopathic Medical
College in 1873, settling soon afterward in Norwalk. He joined the institute
in 1873. He has for manv vears been referred to as "Dr. Hitchcock of Nor-
walk."
Dr. William E. Bulkeley was for many years associated with the history
of homoeopathy in Danburv'. He was born in Colchester, Conn., October 9,
1796. At the age of eighteen he went to West Virginia, taught school, and
studied medicine with a prominent physician of that region. Having earned
enough money to pay his way he attended medical lectures at Yale College.
Dr. Bulkeley practiced as an allopath four years in Berkshire county, Mass.,
and twenty years in Hillsdale, Columbia, county, before he located in Dan-
bury, and about 1853 began the practice of liomoeopathy. He joined the
American Institute of Homoeopathy in 1859. ^^ remained in Danbury until
his death, June 14, 1870. In 1870 his son, Dr. J. C. Bulkeley, was associated
in practice with him.
In 1857, Dr. R. W. Rockwell wa's practicing in Danbury. In 1875 there
were in practice in that city, Drs. William Bulkeley, Rev. D. M. Hodge and
Sophia Penfield ; in 1882, Drs. Bulkeley, S. M. Grifitin, Sophia Penfield and
O. L. Jenkins. Dr. Rockwell went to Danbury in 1856, and afterward re-
moved to Brooklyn.
Dr. Henry E. Stone, a graduate of Castleton Medical College in 1847,
removed from Otego, N. Y., to Fair Haven, New Haven county, in 1857.
He was born in Danbury, July 20, 1820, and in 1840 his family went to Otego,
N. Y. In Otego,- Dr. Solomon Green, a leading physician of the place,
became interested in young Stone and induced him to study medicine. Hav-
ing graduated at Castleton, he commenced practice at Otego with his pre-
ceptor. His attention was directed to homoeopathy by Dr. I. S. Huett, of
JMilwaukee, and for two or three years he investigated and finally embraced
its methods. Remaining in Otego until the spring of 1856, he sold his prac-
tice to Dr. Warren and located in Fair Haven, Conn., where he afterward
resided, and where he <lied January 27, 1886. Dr. Stone married Amanda
Cunningham of Otego, September 3, 1851.
Dr. Lester Keep had been practicing homoeopathy in Fair Haven prior
to 1857. I^e was born in Lee, Mass., September 6, 1797, was educated there,
and fitted for college by Rev. Alvan Hyde. In the fall of 1821 he entered Will-
iams College, but soon afterward financial troubles made it necessary for him
to earn his way. until in his junior vear when certain students, he among'
them, were caught at "college pranks," and were suspended for three weeks.
Pie then abandoned his college course and entered the office of Drs. Child and
Batclielder. of I'ittsficld. and lu'came a member of the Berkshire ^Medical
206 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Institution, a branch of Williams College, then in its second year. There he
remained three years, supporting himself by services to the college and assist-
ing his preceptors who were of the faculty. While awaiting the means to
graduate he received an offer of assistance from Dr. Luther Ticknor, of Salis-
bury, in return for services that he could render in practice. Dr. John Del-
amater being called to the chairs of anatomy and surgery in the Medical Col-
lege at Fairfield. N. Y., induced Keep to go with him as demonstrator and
prosector. At this school he graduated in 1828. For a year afterward he
associated with Dr. Jefferson Church, of Springfield, Mass., but left him to
attend Dr. Tully's lectures on materia medica and therapeutics at the Yale
Medical School.. Dr. Keep settled in Fair Haven, and while his practice was
growing he opened a pharmacy and maintained it in connection with the vil-
lage postoffice for several years. Business matters occasionally called him to
New York, and on one of his visits there met an old friend, Dr. Ticknor, who
had become a homceopath, and through whose ministrations Keep himself
was induced to abandon the old school of practice for that founded by Hahne-
mann. This was in 1839, ^^ which time Dr. Keep was a member of the New
Haven County Medical Society, the New Haven City Association of Physi-
cians, and a fellow of the Connecticut State Medical Society. He sold his
drug store, resigned from the societies, and announced himself a homoeopath.
He joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy in 1848. He continued to
practice in Fair Haven until i860, when he moved to Brooklyn. In 1873 he
suffered an attack of apoplectic paralysis, and though he largely recovered from
the stroke, he did not aeain return to active practice. He died August 20,
1882. Drs. J. Lester Keep and S. H. Keep are sons of Dr. Lester Keep's
second marriage.
Dr. G. Herrick Wilson, a graduate" of the Berkshire Medical College in
1849, after practicing in North Adams and Conway, Mass., located in West
Meridan. Conn., in 1857. In 1869, Dr. E. C. Newport, a graduate in 1868
of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, went from Holyoke, Mass.,
to West Meriden. About the same time. Dr. L. E. Phelps, from Michigan,
opened an ofiice there. In 1882 Drs. C. J. Mansfield, E. A. Wilson and G.
H. Wilson were in Meriden, and in 1857 Dr. W. N. Dunham was located
there.
Dr. Henry Isham introduced homoeopathy into New Britain before 1857.
He died in 1868, and in the next year Dr. Charles Vishno, a graduate in 1866
of the New York Llomoeopathic Medical College, located there, but afterward
went to Hartford. In 1875, Drs. G. P. Cooley, Leander P. Jones, L. M.
Smith and J. S. Stone were located in New Britain. In 1882, Drs. Cooley,
Goodrich, Seymour and Stone were practicing there.
Dr. William Woodbridge Rodman introduced homoeopathy into Water-
bury. Lie was born in Stonington, Conn., in April, 1817, graduated at Yale
in 1838, and entering Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia received his
degree there in 1844. In November of that year he began practice in Water-
bury, but in 1848 became convinced of the truth of homoeopathy by careful
study and practical use of its remedies, and adopted it in his practice. He
was in consequence expelled from the Connecticut Medical Society. In 1861
he removed to New Haven.
Dr. Flam Clark Knight graduated from the Berkshire Medical College
in 1845, and located at Slatersville, R. I. His conversion to homoeopathy and
introduction to Waterbury are best told in his own words (1870) : "My
HISTORV Ul- HOMrP-OPATHY 207
attention was called to homoeopathic practice during the last year of my medi-
cal studies by coming in contact with two homoeopathic students in the same
class with myself. But I gave no serious attention to the subject till 1852.
About this time the old school medical journals were constantly ridiculing the
new system of practice. I thought to myself if there was no better arguments
against homoeopathy than mean ridicule, and silly at that, there must be some-
thing in it, and I would examine for myself. Accordingly I applied to Dr.
Amory Gale, then of Woonsocket, R. I., and asked his advice and assistance,
which he readily gave by lending me books and otherwise. After about a
year of studv and experimental practice, I removed to Middleborough, Mass.,
early in 1853. There I was the first one to locate and successfully introduce
homoeopathy. There I found a few families who had been treated homoe-
opathically by Dr. J. T. Harris, of East Bridgewater, and Dr. Barrows, of
Taunton, Mass. They formed a nucleus around which I soon built up a good
practice,
" In 1857 having a little more of the western fever than was for my good,
I moved to Ouincy, 111, but" not finding everything to my satisfaction, returned
to New England after about two years and a half. In i860 Dr. W. \V. Rod-
man left Waterbury for New Haven, and the June following I took his place
here, where I still remain. I was alone here till after the severe injuries I re-
ceived in November, 1865. In 1867 Dr. Tripp came here and remained a little
less than a year. He w^as followed by Dr. H. R. Brown, who remained some-
thing over two years. x\t the present time homoeopathy is represented by
myself and Dr. Charles Rodman." Dr. Knight was a member of the old Mas-
sachusetts Fraternitv. He joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy in
1867. He died suddenly at Woodbury, March 21, 1888.
Dr. Henry R. Brown, a graduate' in 1867 of the New York Homoeopathic
Medical College, located first at Waterbury, but soon went to Leominster,
Mass. Dr. Charles Shepard Rodman, a son of Dr. W. W. Rodman, located
at Waterbury in i86q. He was a graduate of the College of Physicians and
Surgeons. He was still there in 1878. but in 1882 there were only Drs. E. O.
Gregory and George P. Swift practicing homoeopathy in that city. South-
ington, Hartford county, was represented in homoeopathy by Dr. Lucy A.
Hudson as early as 1856. In 1866 Dr. Timothy D. Wadsworth, a graduate
in 1866 of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, located there, re-
moving to St. Louis, Mo., in 1868. He w-as succeeded by Dr. Edward W.
Kellogg. Dr. Noah Bvington was practicing there in 1870. In 1882 Dr.
James H. Osborne and C. H. Peterson were the only homoeopaths in that city.
In 1856 Drr,. S. M. Fletcher and A. Frank w-ere in practice at Norwich,
New London county. Subsequently Dr. Fletcher went to Westerly, R. I., and
Dr. Frank to Milton, Vt. Dr. Jerome Harris practiced at Norsvich and went
from there to Woonsocket. In 1865 Dr. Anna Manning graduated at the
New York Medical College for Women, and located at Norwich for a short
time. In 1867 Dr. Herbert IMartin Bishop, a graduate of Yale, w^ent to Nor-
wich. He was born in New London. January 15, 1844. studied with Dr. O.
Sites and graduated at Yale Aledical School in 1865. He was commissioned
assistant surgeon of the First Connecticut cavalry, and was in service through
the last campaign of the war. Returning, he determined to study homoeopathy,
and after attending lectures at the New York Homoeopathic Medical College,
graduated in 1867. In March of that year he settled at Norwich. In January,
1869, he married Ella E. Spalding. He joined the American Institute of
208
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
Homoeopathy in 1869. In 1875 there were in practice there Drs. Herbert
Martin Bishop, Jonathan E. Linnell and Samuel Gibbs Tucker; in 1882, Drs.
Bishop, Edward H. and Jonathan E. Linnell, John Arnold Rockwell and C.
E. Stark.
Dr. Albert W. Phillips located in Birmingham in 1861, the year in which
he graduated from Hahnemann College of Chicago. He was a native of New
York. He took the place of Dr. Horace Bowen, who formerly practiced in
Birmingham.
Dr. Charles W. Ensign, a graduate of the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons in 1844, located the same year at Tariff ville. He was born in West
Hartland. He was highly esteemed among the allopathic fraternity, being a
member of its societies until 1855, when he became a homoeopath and was then
expelled for " quackery."' He lived in Tariffville until his death. At Strat-
ford Dr. Geliwitz practiced for a time, then went to New York. In 1857 Drs.
Chauncey Ayres and J. P. Mackins were in practice at Stamford. In 1875
Drs. Ayres, George F. Foote and John F. Grififin were there; in 1882, Drs.
Ayres, Foote, Phillips and C. E. and E. E. Rowell. Dr. Foote for fifteen
years conducted a private asylum for the insane and for victims of the opium
habit.
In 1857 Dr. R. B. Bruce was located at Birmingham ; Dr. S. S. Clark at
Plainville ; Dr. Jermiah T. Denison at Fairfield ; Dr. C. Faill at Litchfield ;
Dr. C. Gaylor at New Milford; Dr. J. E. Lucas at Thompsonville ; Dr. C.
Northrup at Sherman ; Dr. T. Roberts at New Canaan ; Dr. William H. Sage
at L^nionville ; and Dr. Vail at Litchfield.
The first homoeopathic pharmacy in the state was called the Good Samari-
tan drug store and pharmacy. It was opened in Hartford by Dr. Blake,
who sold to Dr. Preston, and he in turn to Dr. George Curtis. On September
5, 1881, Dr. Curtis sold to William C. Messenger, who conducted the store
for three years. In 1857 Dr. Gardner S. Browne conducted a pharmacy in
Hartford.
Honiocopatliic physicians in Con-nccficnt preznons to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some
other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine
before the date given.
1857 Ayres, C. x Stamford 1857
1850 Austin, James H. * Bristol 1855
1843 Bell. William C. * Middletown 1857
1857 Bulkeley, J. C. x Danbury 1856
1837 Bulkeley, W. E. * Danbury 1851
Burroughs, G. W. Middletown 1840
1857 Bruce, R. B. x North Bennington 1857
1857 Browne, Gardner S. x Hartford 1857
1856 Brownell, H. T. x Hartford 1857
1857 Brownell, F. x Hartford
1853 Brown, Asa W. Mystic Bridge 1853
Bowen, Horace Birmingham
1856 Caulkins, Russell x Hartford i849
1850 Cole, Harvey Hartford 1854
1854 Cooley, George P. Bristol 1857
1857 Clark, S. S. x Plainville 1855
1850 Denison, J. T. * Fairfield 1845
1854 Dunbar, William N. IMeriden 1857
Erving, J. F. x Hitchcockville
Ensign, Charles W. * Tarriffville
Faill, C. X Litchfield
Fletcher, Samuel M. Norwich
Foote, Charles C. New Haven
Foote, Elial Todd * New Haven
Frank, A. x Norwich
Gaylor, G. x New Milford
Geliwitz, G. x Stratford
Gnodinger, Julius
Green, George S. * Hartford
Griffin, S. M.
Harris, Jerome * Norwich
Harris, Nathaniel O. East Haddam
Hayward. Milton P. Hartford
Hill, Moses (Rev.) Norwalk
Holt, Daniel * New Haven
Hudson, Luc}'^ A. x Southington
IIISTUKY OF HOM(EOi'ATIlY
209
i.S^7 l-^Iiam, Henry x Now llritain
Jenkins, (). L.
i<S,vj Keep. Lester * l-'air Haven
tS5j Knight, Elam C. * Waterbury
I1S57 Lueas, J. E. x 'i'iiompsonville
I.St 3 Linnell, Jonatlian E. * Norwich
1865 Lyon. Irving \V. * Hartford
1857 Mackins, J. P. x Stamford
1857 Northrop, C. x Sherman
1S42 Northrop, Danirl W. * Sherman
1844 Norton, Lucian H. I'.ridgeport
1846 Osgood, David *
•,H^7 Pratt, A. x Clicsler
1857 Rnl)erts, T. x New Canaan
1857 Rockwell, R. VV. x Danbury
1848 Rodman, William W. * Waterbury
1856 Sage, W. H. 3 Unionville
1845 Sceitz, Oscar New London
1858 Sanford, Charles E. * Bridgeport
1841 Skiff, Charles H. * New Haven
1842 Schue, John Hartford
1850 Stone, Henry E. * Fair Haven
7846 Taft, Cincinnatus A. Hartford
1842 Taft, Gustavus ^L Hartford
1837 Taylor, George * New Milford
1848 Taylor, Oliver B. * Manchester
1856 Vail, Dr. x Litchfield
1856 Wilson, Grove H. x * West ^^eriden
210 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XIII
JIOAKFOPATHY IN MASSACHUSETTS. .
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, j\[. D.
How the Seed was First Sown in the Old Bay State — New York Furnishes (he Pioneer —
Gregg and Flagg, the Standard Bearers — Their Followers and Proselytes — The
Homoeopathic Fraternity of Massachusetts — Its Organization and Membership— The
Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society — Brief Allusion to Homoeopathic In-
stitutions, and the Pioneers of the Profession in the Several Counties of the Com-
monwealth.
In 1838 homoeopathy secured a foothold in three states in which the
teachings of the school, although heard of, had not before been given practical
investigation by qualified practitioners. These states were Massachusetts,
A^ermont and New Jersey, and in at least two of them the doctrine of Hahne-
mann soon extended to the most remote counties and was represented by
physicians of unusual ability. In Massachusetts, the state here under consid-
eration, the planting of the homoeopathic seed was accomplished in much the
same manner as in other states, and was the result of enforced conviction
rather than original desire on the part of the pioneers to practice under its
teachings. This honor in Massachusetts is accorded to Dr. Samuel Gregg,
who, under the influence of Vanderburgh of New York, forsook the old
method of practice and allied himself to the new school of medicine, which
then had existed on this side of the Atlantic hardly more than ten years.
Vanderburgh in New York was a splendid champion of the system of
Hahnemann and one of its ablest exponents. He, too, was a convert, and in
later years was instrumental in proselyting many other old school practitioners
and bringing them within the homoeopathic fold. In Massachusetts his first
convert was Gregg, and in the old Bay state the new disciple took up the
good work and in turn spread the gospel of Hahnemann even into its remotest
parts; not easily, however, and not without hardships and sacrifices, coupled
with the severance of former friendships; for we are told that Samuel Gregg
was a popular personage in the old profession, that his associates and fellows
were men of influence in the social and political world, and when he turned
away from their school they, too. tiu-ned from him and no longer admitted
him to their councils, but in sorrow rather than in wrath. Yet Gregg plodded
along in the new road he had chosen, blazing the way, for he was the pioneer
in a new field. In 1839 he was joined by Flagg, and then by Wild and Spooner
and Cutler and Clark until there was gathered together a sufficient number of
exemplars to form the little society they called the Homoeopathic Fraternity
of Massachusetts. This was done in March, 1841, and from that time the
state has not been without a homcEopathic medical society.
The original society with its membership of six was the nucleus of the
Massachusetts Homteopathic Medical Society, which came into life in 1851,
and of whicli mention is made in this chapter.
The members of the Homoeonatliic Fraternity of Massachusetts during
His'l'om' oi- H()Mn':(~)i'.\Tiiv 211
the ten years of its existence were Samuel Gre.c^.c^, Josiali F. Flap,j:^. John Y\
Spooner, Charles Wild, Willianii W. Cutler, Luther Clark, Christopher Minot
Weld and Francis Clark, 1841 : William Wesselhoeft, William In.q;alls. Mil-
ton Fuller, Daniel Swan. Georo:e Russell, Robert Capen and William Gallup,
1842; John A. Tarbell, 1843; James M. Cumminj^s, Schleg-el, Eben Hale, 1844;
Jehiel Abbott, George Baker, Daniel Holt, 1845; David Osgood, Isaac Colby.
Hiram Luce Chase and Horace Dwight Train, 1846; Rufus Shackford. David
Thayer and Christian V. Geist, 1847; J- L. Martin. Samuel W. Graves and
George Barrows, 1848; James C. Neilson, 1850.
Since that time Massachusetts has been a prolific mother of homoeopathic
societies, and each offshoot from the parent body has done good, work in
spreading the doctrine and elevating the character and dignity of the princi-
ple it represents.
^[ASSACIIL'SETTS ITOM OEOPATH TC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
Massachusetts was early in the field with the work of organization. In-
deed, if records are reliable, it was onlv two years after the system was planted
in the state that a few homoeopathic physicians assembled at the house of Dr.
J. P. Spooner in Dorchester in 1840 and organized the fraternity to which
reference is made in a preceding paragraph : and this action was the founda-
tion of the state society of later years. The fraternity dates its history from
December 25, 1840. and at a later meeting at the house of Dr. Wild in Brook-
line, on Jaiauary 7, 1841. the subject of permanent organization was consid-
ered, although the constitution was not formally adopted and signed until
I'Vbruary 16 following. This action gave real life to the Massachusetts
Homoeopathic Fraternity, and on the occasion mentioned ofificers were chosen
to direct the affairs of the society. Meetings were afterward held with fair
regularity, and the fraternity continued to grow in strength and usefulness
until its membership has so increased that stronger and more formal organi-
zation became necessarv. At the monthly meeting held March 18. 1856. a
committee reported that a petition signed by fifty-one phvsicians had been
presented to the legislature asking for an act of incorporation for an organiza-
tion to be known as the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society.
The act prayed for seems not to have been the result of united action
of the fraternity body, but of a majority of its members acting independently
and with the approval of the organization. However, the act was passed and
became a law May 19, 1855, ^^^ at a subsequent meeting held by the frater-
nity December 9. 1856, the old pioneer sccietv passed out of existence and
was succeeded by the present state organization. The new society held sev-
eral informal meetings to settle upon a plan of permanent organization, and
on September 24, 1856, elected its first officers as follows: Dr. Samuel Gregg
of Boston, president ; Dr. Charles Weld of Brookline and Dr. William Wes-
selhoeft of Boston, vice-presidents ; Dr. G. W. Swazey of Springfield, corre-
sponding secretary ; Dr. David Thaver of Boston, recording secretary ; Dr.
William F. Jackson of Roxburv, treasurer ; Dr. George Russell of Boston,
librarian ; Drs. C. M. Weld, of Jamaica Plain, and B. H. West, Luther Clark,
Milton Fuller and L. M. Barker, of Boston, censors.
For more than sixty-five years the Homoeopathic Medical Society of
Massachusetts has been regarded as the mother organization of the profes-
sion in New England, and has exercised an influence for good in the councils
of other societies in that commonwealth and also in other states east of the
212
HISTORY OF HOMCEOIWTHY
Hudson river; and its influence and voice in the directive affairs of the Amer-
ican Institute of Homoeopathy have been welcomed and appreciated by the
great number of homoeopathic, physicians constituting that national body. On
December 22, 1890, the society celebrated its semi-centennial anniversary, and
made the occasion one of importance in the homteopathic history of Massa-
chusetts. Since 1867 the society has published annual transactions; one of
the earlier volumes contains old records and many interesting historical data.
The society also has published numerous pamphlets, addresses, directories,
and valuable reports and statistics on homoeopathic registration. The ]Dres-
ent membership is about three hundred and seventy-five practitioners, and
every one a physician of good moral and professional standing.
Among the other homoeopathic societies, some of which are no longer
in existence, mention may be made of the Boston Academy of Homoeopathic
Aledicine,, organized November 30, 1858,- and consolidated in May, 1873, with
Westloro Hoimx>(^ijathic Asylum tor Insane.
the [Boston Homoeopathic Society, then taking the name of Boston Homoe-
opathic Society; The Boston Homceopathic Society, organized in 1868; the
Bristol County Homteopathic Medical Society, organized October 3. 1866;
the Essex County Homreopathic Medical Society, organized at Lynn May
I, 1872; the Hughes Medical Club of Boston, organized October 23, 1878;
the Lowell Hahnemann Club, organized November 22. 1881 ; the Massa-
chusetts Surgical and Gynaecological Society, organized in Boston December
6, 1876; the Middlesex South Homoeopathic Society, organized at Newton
January 12, 1876; the Organon Society of Boston, organized December 8,
1887; the Plymouth Countv Homoeoj-jathic Medical Society, organized March
3, 1887; the Homoeopathic Medical Society of Western Massachusetts, organ-
ized at Greenfield May 23, 1878; the Worcester County HonKeoj^athic INledi-
cal Society, organized June 2"], 1866; the Boston Gynaecological Club, organ-
ized March 23. 1881.
W K.STP.ORO ASNI.TM I-'OU -\'\\V. 1NS.\NE.
Tn treating of hospitals and other kindn'd institutions in Massachusetts
these annals can furnish only brief mention. Th;it which demands first atten-
tion is of a distinctive!}- pul)lic cliaracter, not a private nor yet a specially
MIS r( )\<\ ( )!•■ IK ).\i(]-:( )i'.\ riiv 2i:-5
hoiiKL'opathic insLitnlidii, allhcnii:;!! tlic Ici^^islativc ])o\ver of the commonwealth
gave its mechca! (lepaitnient in charge of homreopathic physicians.
The institution to which aHusion is thus made is that known as the West-
horo Asylum for the Insane, which dates its foundation from an act of the
general court of Massachusetts, passed June 3, 1884, although the asylum
as a means of administering to the physical and mental needs of its charges
through the medium of the homoeopathic system of medicine was not formal-
1\ ii])(.ned until December 6. 1886. Since that tim(> it has been under homoe-
ojKithic medical supervision, and reports show that under the system at least
cis good results are accomplished as under any other school .of medicine in
Dn\- similar institution in this state or elsewhere.
Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital. In the order of seniority among
the distinctively homoeopathic hospitals of the state that known as the Mas-
sachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital is entitled to first mention, and traces its
history back to the days when the old fraternity was in the full vigor of its use-
ful career. At a meeting held January 22. 1850, the fraternity resolved itself
into '■ a committee of the whole for the purpose of ascertaining the mind of
the public regarding the establishment of a homoeopathic hospital in the city
of Boston." Nothing, however, was accomplished at the time, nor even five
years later, when, at a meeting held January 30, 1855, ^ committee was ap-
pointed to prepare a petition to the general court for a charter for a homoe-
opathic hospital to be located in the city before inentioned, although the act
prayed for was passed (May 19, 1855) and an organization was efifected
under the incorporation. The officers then chosen were Dr. Charles B. Hall,
president ; Drs. Dexter King, Edward Mellen, A. W. Thaxter and Francis B.
I'"ay. vice-presidents ; Dr. George Bancroft, secretary ; and Dr. John P. Jewett,
treasurer.
Failing in an endeavor to enlist state aid for the proposed hospital, the
trustees instead of attempting to maintain such an institution with all its
attendant expense, wisely determined to limit their operations to a dispen-
sary foundation, and to that end secured the incorporation (May 28, 1856)
of the Homoeopathic Medical Dispensary, which was carried on with gratify-
ing results for several years. Again, in 1861 an attempt was made to found
a hospital, but the disturbed condition of the country on account of the im-
jienrling war made persistent efifort impracticable ; and in consequence of
these earlv embarrassments it was not until January 2T,, 1871, that the hospital
was in fact opened. Various means, especially festival enterprises, were
adopted to create funds, and the ultimate success which crowned the labors
of the founders was in a great measure clue to the Ladies' Aid Association,
and the " great fair " held in 1872, which netted the institution about $76,000.
A ]iermanent home for the hospital was found near the Boston University
School of ^Medicine, in a imilding which once was a female medical college.
Tn 1890 the legislature a])i)ropriated $120,000 for the erection of new build-
ings. The hospital is maintained with the interest on invested funds, volun-
tary contributions and pay ])atients. The nurses" school was opened in 1885.
Th.is institution is said to be the largest hospital in America under homoe-
opathic management.
The Flampden Homoeopathic Hospital at Springfield was founded largely
throus^h the influence, of Dr. John H. Carmichael and the benevolence of Mr.
and Mrs. Daniel 1'. Wesson, the latter of whom s'ave their former residence
in High street for hospital purposes Following the offer and gift the hospita-
2U HISTORY OF HOAia:OPATHY
associaticni was incorporated, and the trnstees perfected an organization and
accepted the property, on which within the last two years the original hene-
factors have erected a splendid hospital building. The movement leading to
this hospital originated in 1900, and the institution was opened for patients
in November of that year. A nurses' school has since been established.
The Worcester Homoeopathic Hospital had its origin in the Warren
Surgical Hospital, opened in November, 1893, by Dr. J. IC. Warren, and the
union of that institution with the Worcester Homoeopathic Dispensary Asso-
ciation, the latter being a body corporate. The hospital trustees were incor-
porated in Jwne, 1896. A training school for nurses is maintained in connec-
tion with the hospital.
The Newburyport Homoeopathic Hospital was founded in 1893, ^^^ is
incorporated. In 1900 the institution was generously provided for in the
will of the late Ann Toppan. who left it one-third of her estate.
In this connection a brief rrtention may be made of some other of the
hospital institutions of the state, among them the Homoeopathic Hospital for
Children in Boston, opened in 1900; the Salem Homoeopathic Hospital, opened
in 1900; the Baldwin Place Home for Little Wanderers, in Boston; the
Consumptives' Home, the House of the Angel Guardian, and the Home for
Young Women, the latter in Lowell.
At a meeting of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society held
October 12, 1864, Dr. Samuel Gregg read a paper on " The Early Annals
of Homoeopathy in Massachusetts." He said: "During the year 1837, I
had seen in the medical journals strictures upon the small doses of a new
system of medical practice. My attention was perhaps more willingly di-
rected to the subject, havmg for many years been dissatisfied with my pro-
fession. I had become tired of the uncertainty of my prescription. During
the winter of 1837-8, I had an interesting case in a patient suffering from
tuberculosis pulmonum in a scrofulous constitution, which I was satisfied I
could not cure. At this time I saw two patients (in the family of Thatcher
Magcwn, Esq., of Medford), who had received homoeopathic treatment from
Dr. \ anderburgh, who was then in practice in New York. The allopathic
materia medica was then being enlarged by the introduction of concentrated
chemical preparations of drugs. As showing my entire ignorance of the
preparation of homoeopathic medicines, I distinctly recollect saying to these
patients, when they described the wonderful effects of the little pills, that a
physician must be reckless who would prescribe a remedy capable of pro-
ducing such results, in so concentrated a form. But at the solicitation of
these friends I concliided to take my patient and consult Dr. Vanderburgh
at New York. Although this physician did not at the time give much en-
couragement of benefiting my patient, yet he gave me such a synopsis of the
new school practice of therapeutics as to excite in my mind a determination
to examine the merits of the new theory of healing. I obtained all the books
that were then ])ublished in English translation : viz, Hahnemann's Qrganon ;
the first edition of Hering's 'Domestic Practice,' in two very small volumes ;
some small pamphlet expositions of homoeopathy, and the translation of
Jahr's 'Manual,' by the North American Academy, which was then in press
(the 'Repertory' was not then published); also the 'Archives,' of Paris
(Archives de la Medicine Homoeopathique, Paris, 1834-38) containing the
rej)orted cases of treatment by the homoeopathic physicians of Paris. I also
])rncuied a few of the more general remedies, and commenced my investiga-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 215
tion of the ])nnci])k's ot therapeia. I soon after obtained a (jernian case of
medicines, containins^' one hundred and seventy vials of the mother tinctures
and first triturations. I'rom these 1 began to make mv own preparations,
and have continued to prepare all that I have used ever since. In my early
administration of homoeopathic medicine I was under exceeding obligations
to Dr. Vanderburgh for counsel and assistance ; for often in my lonely ex-
plorations I vvas troubled, ahd whenever I applied to him I was sure to re-
ceive instruction by return of mail ; and I trust I have not been unmindful of
it toward my juniors. Thus I continued my investigations. I had a reasonable
share of patronage in my allopathic practice, and when I told my patients
T had more confidence in the new system than I had in the old, they were
willing to abide by my decision ; and after having once made the experience
I have seldom found any one willing to return to old school treatment of
disease. My first associate in my new adventure was my friend Dr. J. F.
Flagg. He was not then in general practice, but had given his attention to
dentistry. He had long suffered from dyspepsia, and in the summer of 1838,
while on a visit at Philadelphia, he was persuaded by his friends there to
take some medicine from Dr. Humphrey, who was then in homoeopathic
practice. Dr. Flagg was so well satisfied with the efficiency of the reme-
dies, that he furnished himself with what books he could and commenced
the investigation for his own satisfaction. Not relinquishing his dentistry,
his practice was mostly confined to a kind of dispensary practice among his
immediate friends. Thus he continued for some months supposing himself
alone, until, having occasion to send to New York for some medicine he was
told he could obtain it from me. Sometime during the year 1840 Dr. J. P.
Spooner of Dorchester and Dr. Charles Wild of Brookline, became interested
in examining the subject of homoeopathy, at the suggestion of their mutual
friend, Dr. Flagg. In December, 1840, we commenced associate meetings
for mutual improvement; and in February, 1841, we adopted the constitution
and by-laws of a regular association called the Massachusetts Homoeopathic
Fraternity, which held meetings until a state scxriety was organized."
Dr. Samuel Gregg was born in New Boston, N. H., July i, 1799. He
acquired a good New England education, though not collegiate, and at eigh-
teen was teaching school. He graduated from Dartmouth Medical School
in 1825, practiced for a short time with Dr. John Stearns in Charlestown,
Mass.. and then decided to go to Medford. With him in his first trip to Med-
ford was a friend. Thatcher Magown, who went with him to call on one Dr.
Brooks, then a practicing physician in Medford and who had been gov-
ernor. Dr. Brooks after listening to him said : " Young man, I would not
advise you to settle here ; there are physicians enough in this place." Dr.
Gregg looked at the ex-governor coolly and stamping his foot answered,
" You do not, well, then I will sta)/' He remained in Medford fifteen years,
having a large and lucrative practice. In Noveiriber, 1840, he removed to
Boston. He was one of the founders of the American Institute of Homoe-
opath}- in 1844 and a prominent member, a founder of the Massachusetts
Homoeopathic Hospital and of the various homoeopathic societies of the
city and state. He died at Amherst, Mass., October 25, 1872.
The next physician to adopt homoeopathy in the state was Dr. Josiah
Foster Flagg, who was born in Boston, January 11, 1789. His father, Josiah
Flagg. was a dentist. He entered as a student of medicine with Dr. John C.
Warren, in i8ti. During his student life he perfected improvements in
'■^l^ HISTORY OF HOAICEOPATHY
many suriiical instrunicnls. iK)tal)l\ the ixme forceps. In 1813 he undertook,
with Dr. Warren, the puhhcation of a work on the arteries, the first of its
kind ever issued. The engravings for this work were done with his own
liand. This book had a good sale. A few years later he prepared drawings
for Dr; Warren's " Comparative View of the Nervous System."
Dr. Flagg graduated from Harvard Medical School in 181 5, being it is
said particularly well educated in surgical knowledge. For some time after
graduating he practiced at Uxbridge, Mass. He continued in practice for
several years, when he removed to Boston and established himself as a den-
tist. His reputation was such that his rooms were constantly filled with
patients, and he was considered one of the most scientific and skillful men
in his profession. Among his surgical inventions are the tooth forceps, and
an improvement on Desault's apparatus for fracture of the femur, this
latter being introduced by Dr. Warren into the Massachusetts General Hos-
pital.
In 1838-9 his attention was attracted to homoeopathy by facts and exper-
iments of such convincing character that he was obliged against his pre-
judices to believe. After some months of careful study of the principles of
homoeopathy, he collected the symptoms of a few cases and submitted them
to the consideration of experienced homoeopathic practitioners in New York
and Philadelphia, who were his personal friends, and he gave the remedies
according to their directions. He did this for some time, not trusting to his
own judgment, and after he had witnessed the effect of this prescribing on
a number of well marked cases he became satisfied that there was some-
thing more than imagination in the good results that followed. He collected
the records of 300 cases treated by himself and the results of several were
])u])lished. His methods of examining cases were strictly according to the'
directions of Hahnemann. As has been stated, he was interested with Dr.
Gregg in the advancement of homoeopathy. He died December 20, 1853.
Dr. Charles Wild was born in Boston, januar}- 15, 1795. He graduated
from Harvard College in 1814, completed his medical studies, and estab-
lished himself in Brookline in 1818. He practiced there for forty years and
then went to Providence, and only resumed his practice for a few mcMidis
in the early part of the rebellion in order that his son. Dr. Edward A. Wild,
afterwards brigadier general, might enter the arm\'. It was through the
influence of his friend Dr. Flagg that Dr. Wild first investigated homoe-
opathy in the year 1840. He died May 3, 1864.
The fourth member of the fraternity quartette was Dr. John P. Spooner,
who graduated at JIanover m the academic and medical departments. He
took his medical degree in 1820 and located in Boston. In 1838 he went
to Dorchester. His attention was called to homoeopath}- in 1839 by some re-
markable cures that he had seen. Fle got som.e of the books and medicmes
of that school and began to investigate. He was so well satisfied that he
declared himself a homcjeopathist, and it was at his house in Dorchester that
the first meeting of the homoeopathic fraternity was held.
I )r. Gregg induced a brother practitioner. Dr. Daniel Swan, to investi-
gate homcvopathy. Dr. Swan was born in Charlestown b'ebruary 2S. 1781.
He graduated at Harvard in 1803, ^^^^ for a time was a teacher. He then
began the study of medicine in Medford with Doctor (afterwards governor)
Brooks, who on entering political life gave Swan his practice. He married
a lad;\ of wealth and was very charitable to the poor. A favorite prescrip-
llISTCJin- (,)l- 11().\1(]-:()1'ATHY
217
tion read: '"Ivccipc, .\uri quantum sufficit," and lie was f(jnd of dispensing
it. In 1839, intiuenced by the remarkable success of Dr. Gregg, who had a
year before adopted homoeopathy, Dr. Swan began to experiment with homoe-
opathic medicines and soon became a convert. He died December 5, 1864,
aged eight\-four years. Dr. Swan commenced practice in Brighton, but in
1816 took Dr. Brook's practice in IMedford. For several years in the latter
part of his life he made no charges and received no fees, and when he re-
tired from practice he gave up his rich patients and kept a few poor families.
He bought many books on homa^opathy and collected a valuable librarv, '
which at his death went to the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Society.
Medford was the first town in the state to receive the new svstem. Be-
sides Dr. Gregg, whose history has been noted, there was Dr. Milton Fuller,
Milton Fulkr, -M. D.
Avho succeeded to the pi(3neer's practice in 1841 when he went to Boston.
Milton Fuller was born in Westmoreland, X. H., January 5, 1799. He was
a farmer's son, and when eighteen entered a store, but soon becoming dis-
satisfied, entered Chesterfield academy to fit himself for the study of medicine.
He remained there two years and then went to Boston, becoming a student
under Dr. Solomon D. Townsend at the Marine Hospital in Charlestown.
He attended lectures at Harvard Medical School and two courses by Dr.
Ingalls of Brown Universit}-. He married in 1823 and began practice in
Scituate. remaming there until 1841. It v.as due to several conversations
with his friend Dr. Flagg in 1841 that Dr. Fuller became a believer in homoe-
opath v. He procured a tew medicines but did not dare give them. At last
218 HISTORY OF HOMQiOPATHY
a case which he was sure nnist terminate in lung fever, inchiced him to try
the value of aconite. The experiment resulted in a return to health in
two days, and the result was so- wonderful that he made further experiments
and became confirmed in the belief that this was the real method of healing.
In 1841 he located in Medford, and in 1842 became a member of the frater-
nity. Dr. Fuller remained in Medford until 1855, when he located in Boston.
He was a charter member of the institute and a member of the state and
other societies. He died March ii, 1885, at the advanced age of eighty-six
years.
Dr. Fuller was succeeded in Medford by Dr. Elwell Woodbury, who
shortly after went to Chelsea, and gave up practice soon after on account of
iU health. He died June 15, 1874. Dr. Alfred B. Stone practiced for a
short time in Medford. He was a student of Dr. Gregg. He died suddenly
June 3, 1855. James Hedenberg of Troy, N. Y., a graduate of Castleton
Medical College in 1852, located at Medford, June 20, 1855, succeeding Dr.
Stone.
Dr. Flagg introduced homoeopathy in Boston, but his attention was con-
fined to chronic cases, and the first professed homoeopathic physician to prac-
tice activel}- in that city was Dr. Luther Qark, who was born in Waltham,
Mass., July 30. 1810, and was educated at Harvard, graduating A. B. in
1833, and M. D. in 1836. He practiced in Boston until 1870, when ill health
compelled him to remove to Waltham. In 1833 he met Hennig G. Linberg,
a learned Dane living in Santa Cruz, who was acquainted with Hering, and
who so strongly recommended that he study homoeopathy that Dr. Clark was
induced to examine it. He read the Organon and was tempted to believe the
principle of similia until stopped by the ridiculously small doses. For seven
years he remained an allopath, but in 1840 he became fully converted to the
new school. He died at Lincoln, Mass., September 26, 1884.
Dr. William W. Cutler was another early practitioner in Boston. He
was a graduate of Harvard, both of the academic and medical departments.
He joined the fraternity in 184T, and was its first secretary. After practic-
ing homoeopathy for several years he engaged in mercantile pursuits with
his father, Pliny Cutler. He was always an ardent advocette of homoeopathy.
Boston received an important addition to its few homoeopathic practi-
tioners in 1841 m Dr. William Wesselhoeft, who reached that city in Septem-
ber, coming from Allentown, Pa., and his influence was soon felt. He at
once took his place as a leader, and so continued during his long and import-
ant life.
In 184J another of the Philadelphia honireopathists located in Boston,
Charles Frederic Hofifendahl. He was born in New Brandenberg, Mecklen-
berg-Strolitz, Germany, June 28, 1798. At the age of sixteen he commenced
medical studies ; at eighteen he became a student at the Austrian military
medical trainmg school (St. Joseph's), and on finishing his course entered the
Austrian service as assistant surgeon. He served in an infantry regiment
and accompanied it through a campaign in Italy. While in this position he
became interested in homoeopathy through Dr. Schmidt, the chief of the med-
ical staff. After leaving the service he finislied his medical studies, taking
the full degree at Berlin in 1829. After graduation he was for seven years
physician to Hermann, Count Schwerin of Mecklenlx^rg, practicing homoe-
opathy exclusively. In 1837 he came to America and began practice in Phil-
adelphia, remaining there until 1840. when he went to Albany, X. Y. From
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY ^19
there ho wont to Boston, whioh city ho afterwards made his liome. In 1846
ho maintained a dispensary over Boylston market, which for two years he
conducted successfully. H'e died April 24, 1862.
Dr. Christopher Minot Weld of Roxbury became a member of the fra-
ternity in March. 1841. He was bom in Boston, January 19, 181 2, graduated
at Harvard in 1833, ^^tudied medicine with Dr. Geo. C. Shattuck and gradu-
ated in medicine from Harvard Medical School in 1837. He began practice
in Boston, but soon afterwards went to Jamaica Plain. In 1840 one of his
patients went to New York to consult Dr. Gray and found complete relief
in his homceopathic treatment. She returned entirely cured and so enthusias-
tic that she persuaded Dr. Weld to investigate the system. To accomplish
this more thoroughly he went to New York and passed some time with
Gray, and in the study of Hahnemann and his tenets. He returned to
Boston and soon announced his adherence to the new school. He practiced
and defended homa^opathy for mure than twenty years, always living at
Jamaica Plain. He was a charter member of the American Institute of
Homoeopathy. He died March 13, 1878.
Dr. William Ingalls became an investigator of and believer in homoe-
opathy at the age of seventy-three. He was born at Newburyport, Mass., Alay
3, 1769, received the degree of A. B. at Harvard University in 1790, of M. A.
in 1794, and M. D. in 1801. He was professor of anatomy and surgery in
Brown University and also practiced in Boston for man}c years. He retired
from active work in 1834, and in 1843 became interested in homoeopathy.
He was a member of the committee of the American Institute of Homoe-
opathy appointed to prepare a work on topographical anatomy. He died
September 8, 1851. Dr. John Adams Tarbell was born in Boston, March 31,
1810, graduated at Harvard in .1832 and soon after commenced to study
medicine ^with his uncle, Dr. Samuel Adams of Boston. In 1833 he went
to Paris, where he spent nearly two years in medical study. He then re-
turned to Boston, continued his studies and received the medical degree from
Bowdoin College in 1836, and at once began practice. He was dissatisfied
with the uncertain methods in vogue, and had about decided to give up
medicine when he became interested in homoeopathy. Dr. Gregg thus writes
of Tarbell : " In the winter of 1842-3 there was a young schoolboy who
was familiar in my ofBce, and who was also an intimate acquaintance with
Dr. Tarbell. Occasionally he repeated some jeers upon homoeopathy from
Dr. Tarbell. Upon inquiring who this Tarbell was, I learned that he was a
young physician who after graduating in his profession here had spent two
years in medical study in Paris ; made himself familiar with the French
language : and on" his return had commenced the practice of his profession,
but soon after relinquished it, and was giving his attention, to other pursuits.
I complimentarily sent some expositions on homoeopathic medicine for him
to read. After reading them, he sent them back w^ith kind regards, saying
he had leisure and would be happy to read anything I might furnish him on
the subject. He became interested and called upon m.e. He told me that
soon after commencing his profession he had a particular friend who had
typhoid fever and called on him. ' He gave much attention to the case. As
the patient grew worse, he had counsel and the patient finally recovered, but
he felt that he could not take such responsibility again, and gave up practice.
After this conversation he obtained a homoeopathic library, gave his attention
to study and practice." In 1849 Dr. Tarbell published the " Pocket Homoe-
W-izabeth STi-ART Phelps.' Nathamm ]1 \u thohm \Vr'Ni>i:i.i. I'mi mis Ji t.i.\ Wak i. IIi^w
Elizabkth Palmf.r Peahoijy. touiSA May Alcott.
He.vmv Wapswohtii I.ONf.I-EI.I.nW.
William Llovu Carkisos. Throdoki-: Parkkr.
TnoMAs Starr Kino. a Bhons i ii..m .^ w i m « outii iih.i.inson. Thomas BaiKkv Aldkic
FAMOUS TATROXS Ol' 1 lOM ()i;()l'.\'lin'
HISTORY OF HOMCEOl'ATHY I'l'I
opathist;" in 1832 he wrote "Sources of Health;" in 1852-3 was associate
editor of the '" Quarterly HonKtopathic Journal." He edited I'-pps " Do-
mestic Homctopathist," and published " Homoeopathy Simplified." h"or sev-
eral years he had iieart troulile which caused his sudden death on Januar\
21, 1864.
Dr. David Tha\er was another of the early Boston houKjeopathists. He
was born in Ilraintree. ]\Iass., July 19, 1813. of " Mayflower '' ancestors. He
fitted for collej^e at !'hilli]:.s (Andover) Academy, and Appleton Academy,
Xew Ispswich. X. H. He graduated at Union College in Schenectady, X.
Y., in 1840. Dr. Thayer thus vv^ rites : " My first connection with homoeopathy
was in 1836, when I was a patient of two homceopathic physicians in .Albany,
X. Y. In that year 1 began tlie .>tud>' of anatomy and physiology with our
good Dr. Joslin of Xew York city, then an allopath, subsequently a homoe-
opathic physician. While a student of medicine I read a few homreopathic
books. In 1844 I bought some homoeopathic medicines of Xathaniel C.
Peabody, pharmaceutist in Sufl^olk place, Boston, and tried them, as I had
plenty of time to experiment and to observe the results of mv treatment.
At this time I did not know of the existence of such a rara avis in our city
as a homoeopathic physician, . though there were several. Gregg, Osgood,
Tarbell, Hofifendahl. I became so much a homoeopathic physician without
knowing one in Xew England. I Ijecame acquainted with Tarbell, Osgood
and Hofifendahl. In the fall and winter of i84()-7 ^^- C. F. Hofifendahl
and I opened a honKjeopathic dispensary in a room over Boylston market,
for the gratuitous treatment of the poor (we had a flaming sign which I
presume may now be found in the attic of the market). The first homteo-
pathic doctor I ever called on was Dr. John A. Tarbell. I learned some-
thing of Dr. C. F. Hoffendahl and humblv sought for information where I
could. Was admitted a member of the old homoeopathic fraternity in 1845
or '46. In 1847 I joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy at its meet-
ing in Boston."
Dr. Thaver graduated m medicine at the F]erkshire Medical College at
Pittsneld. Mass., in 18-L3, and at once began practice in Boston. He was a
member of the legislature several terms, for many years a coroner of Sufifolk
county, and for twenty-five years was surgeon of the Ancient and Honorable
Artillery of Boston. He died December 14, 1893.
Dr. David Osgood was a noteworthy figure among the early practi-
tioners. He had called on Hahnemann in 1839 in Paris with an old friend,
the Rev. Charles Brooks, but he at the time plainly showed that he had no
faith in homoeopathy. He was a graduate of Harvard, taking the academic
degree in 1813, and the medical in 1816. But despite his expressed disbelief
in his medical system during the visit to Hahnemann. Dr. Osgood was led to
embrace homoeopathy in 1846, and became one of its most zealovis advocates.
He died February 23, 1863.
The homoeopathic directorv of 1857 sives the names of the practitioners
in Boston at that tune as follows: L. M. Barker, D. F. Birnstill, Luther
Clark, Milton Fuller, C. F. Geist, Samuel Gregg, C. F. Hofifendahl, L. Mac-
farland. R. W. X'ewell, David Osgood, George Russell, O. S. Sanders. D. F.
Snndyckv. Israel Tisdale Talbot, John A. Tarbell, David Thayer. William
Wesselhoeft and Benjamin H. West. The homoeopathic physicians in Boston
in 1861 numbered 16; in 1870. 57; 1875, 74; 1882, 124; 1899. 200. and in
T904. 645.
222 HISTORY OF HO^ICEOPATHY
]n l'l\mouth Dr. Robert Capen was one of the earliest homoeopathic
practitioners. He joined the fraternity in 1842. He received his medical
degree at Harvard in 1818, and after practicing in Stoughton and North
Middleboro. removed to Plymouth in 1829. Tn 1839 he was induced by
Mrs. Mercy B. Jackson, who afterward became a practitioner in Boston, to
investigate homoeopathy. In 1842 he went to Boston on account of approach-
ing blindness. In 1843 ^"i^ was operated on for cataract', with partial relief,
but he continued to study and in a measure to practice until his death, Novem-
ber 6, 1853. Mrs. Jackson, being unwilling to return to allopathic treatment,
took up the study of medicine for her own benefit. She soon found outside
practice and after three years of gratuitous services she found it necessary to
make professional charges. Her practice extended to the neighboring towns
of Kingston, Duxbury, Carver. Middleboro and Pembroke. She graduated
at the New England Female Medical College in February, i860, and settled
in Boston the following May. Dr. Jackson was for many years a promi-
nent practitioner in the city. She died December 13, 1877.
The Rev. Mr. Tomlinson was for several years a lay practitioner in Ply-
mouth. Dr. Ferdinand Gustav Oehme located there in 1866. He was born in
Tschopau, Saxony, July 27, 1826. He graduated at Leipsic in 1852, and visited
the universities of Prag, Vienna and Paris in 1853. Being a witness of the
success of homoeopathy, he studied its tenets and openly practiced it in Dresden
in 1854-55. In June, 1855, he came to the United States and located at Con-
cord. In 1872, owing to ill health, he went to Tompkinsville. New York.
In Northampton Dr. Charles Walker was the first practitioner of homoe-
opathy. He was born in Belchertown in 1803, studied medicine with Dr.
Hunt of Northampton, and graduated from Jefiferson Medical College of
Philadelphia in 1828. He settled in Northampton and practiced for a year
and a half, then went to Hudson, N. Y., and studied homoeopathy under Dr.
George W. Cook. Returning to Northampton, he practiced homoeopathy
until his death, January 17, 1855. He was succeeded by Dr. H. J. M. Cate,
who remained imtil 1857, and then went to Milford, N. H. In 1870-75
he was practicing at Amherst, Mass. In 1857 Dr. Osmore O. Roberts, who
was a graduate of the Homoeopathic College of Pennsylvania in 1853 ^^^
who had been in practice in Milford, N. H., located in Northampton.
fn Andover the pioneer homoeopath was Dr. Francis H. Clark, a graduate
of Harvard in 1835. His attention was called to homoeopathy by some friends
in New York, and in 1840 he began to practice it. In the summer of 1840
he called on Dr. Gregg, who prepared him a case of medicines and helped
him to get such homceopathic ix>oks as had been published in English. He
was at that time practicing in Andover. He remained there but a few years,
and in 1846 engaged in manufacturing in Ballardvaie. He died in 1848.
Dr. E. Bruno De Gersdorflf succeeded Dr. Clark. He was born in Es-
march, Germany, July 18, 1820, was educated at Jena, and graduated in medi-
cine in Leipsic in 1846. Political troubles sent him to America. Dr. . De
Gersdorff's father was a warm friend of Hahnemann, who had at one time
saved young De Gersdorff's life. He came to America in 1846. His first
location was Bethlehem, Penn., where he remained a few months. Though
after the cure of De Gersdorflf his father was a firm believer in homceopathy
and a prover of several medicines, the young man. infatuated with the new
ideas on the pathology and physiology of the time, had abandoned homoe-
opathy, but on his arrival in the Ignited States, through the influence of a for-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 223
mer tutor, Dr. Lino en. whom he met in Pennsylvania, and Dr. Hofifendahl, he
was led to again adopt the homoeopathic law. Dr. De Gersdorfif died in Pleas-
antville, N. Y., June 28. 1883. Dr. J. Howarth succeeded him in practice. Dr.
Milton Berry practiced there for several years. Dr. J. C. W. Moore suc-
ceeded Berry, remaining but a short time. Dr. Oliver Leech Bradford went
from Peterboro, X. H.. in 1868 and remained there until 1876, when he located
in Fitchburg. In 1882 Mary Briggs Harris, Frank B. Kimball and Emma
M. E. Sanborn were practicing in Andover.
In Roxbury the first homoeopathic practitioner was Dr. Horace Dwight
Train. He graduated from Harvard in 1846 and in February, 1847, com-
menced practice in Roxbury, where he remained until 1853, when he went
to Sheffield. He died April 24, 1879.
Dr. Albert Lindsay located in Roxbury in 1851. He was born in July,
1822, in Wakefield, N. H. In 1846 he became acquainted with Dr. C. B.
Matthews, of Philadelphia, and through him obtained his first knowledge of
homoeopathy whdc living at Newburyport, Mass., and working at cabinet
making. He was supposed to have consumption and was advised to try out-
door pursuits. This he did, and recovered his health. Dr. F. A. Gordon
urged him to study medicine, and he began to read with him. Soon after
he went to Springfield, where he entered the office of Dr. G. W. Swazey.
whose niece he had married. He attended lectures at Brunswick, Me., but
graduated at the Philadelphia Homoeopathic College in 1851. Ill health com-
pelled him to remove, and in 1856 he located in Laconia, X. H.. in the bracing
air of the \\'hite mountains, where he practiced until his death, December 13,
1886.
Dr. William F. Jackson was born in Brunswick, Me. ; graduated at
Bowdoin College in 1846: studied medicine with Dr. Wm. E. Payne, of Bath:
graduated at Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1849: practiced in
Gardner, Me., until 1853, when he settled in Roxbury, residing there until
his death. April 3, 1879.
Dr. Joseph P. Paine, a native of Elaine, graduated from Homoeopathic
College of Pennsylvania in 1852; practiced at Damariscotta, Me., one year;
then removed to Dedham, Mass., where he practiced ten years, and in 1863
located at Roxbury.
Dr. John T. Harris was born in Marblehead; graduated at the Homoe-
opathic College of Philadelphia in 1853; commenced practice in Taunton;
practiced in Abingdon and East Bridgewater, and then located in 1863 at
Roxbury. He died about 1893, aged seventy-eight years.
In Lynn Dr. Daniel A. Johnson was the pioneer of homoeopath}-. He
graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1848. While attending a patient
he was attacked with ship fever from which he received no relief until of his
own accord he applied a cold water bandage. As soon as he could be removed
he went to X^ashua, X. H., where he received so much benefit from the homoe-
opathic treatment given him by Dr. J. F. Whittle that he became a convert
to homoeopathv. He opened an office in Lynn in 1848, and in 1854 removed
to Chelsea. Dr. E. P. Eastman adopted homoeopathy in 1850, but failing
healtli compelled him to give up practice in 1855. In 1854 Dr. John M.
Blaisdell succeeded Dr. Johnson. After remaining three years he went west,
but afterwards practiced in Bangor, Me. In 1858 Dr. Freeman Horton
moved from Weare, X^. H. He died March 3, 1861, aged forty-five vears..
Drs. B. F. Green and J. Brown also practiced in Lynn. In 1861 Dr. H. Ahl-
224 HISTORY OF HO.AKEOPATHY
horn went from Marlilchcad Ui L}nn. remaining- there until 1867. when he
located in lioston. Dr. Alvin Matthew dishing has heen for many years
identified. with homoeopath} in L.ynn. He was born in Burke, \"t., September
28, 1820; studied at Lyndon, \'t,, with Dr. Charles B. Darling and Dr. Henry
A. Houghton ; attended lectures at Dartmouth, and also at the Vermont Med-
ical College, Woodstock, and graduated from the Homoeopathic ^Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania in 1856. He located in .Bradford, '\'t.^, being the first
to introduce homoeopathy in that town. He practiced for a short time in
Lansingburgh, N. Y., and then settled in Lynn, where he is still in practice.
Drs. I. H. Kimball and Alartha J. Flanders were in practice in Lynn in 1870.
])r. Inlanders was born in Concord, N. H., Januar\- 15, 1823. She was a stu-
Alvin M. Cnshins, M. D.
dent of Dr. Alpheus Morrill, and graduated from the Xew England Female
College in 1861. She was the first woman practitioner in Concord, where
she remained two years associated with Dr. Morrill She then located in
Lynn, where she practiced until i8()3, and then retired. She died .Xox'ember
3, 1898. Dr. Eleazer Bowen began i)ractice in L\nn in 185^), and in i860
removed to Jersey Citv.
In Salem the first homreopathic practitioner was Dr. John H. Floto, a
native of Cermanv. He was a graduate of the AUentown Academy and prac-
ticed for a time in Pennsylvania. He went to Salem in 1843 'i"*! remained
there until i860, when he went to San Francisco, where he located perma-
nently. In Maw 1850, Dr. De Gersdorff went from Andover to Salem, re-
mainine' ur.til 1868.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 225
Dr. Isaac Colby located in Salem in the 'forties. According to Dr. Elijah
U. Jones and Dr. Henry M. Smith, Dr. Colby had practiced allopathy in
Concord, N. H., as early as 1830. He began to practice homoeopathy in Con-
cord in 1846, went to Salem in 1851, and remained there until his death in
1866. In the list of members of the American Institute of Homoeopathy for
1848 is the name of Isaac Colby, Salem, Mass. He is mentioned in 1855 as
living in Concord at that time and also in 1866. Dr. Colby was a fellow
of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and one who was tried for joining
the homoeopathists. He died June 29, 1866.
Dr. John Gage Wood v;as born at Hollis, N. H., December 2^, 1829;
studied in Philadelphia with Dr. William A. Gardiner, and graduated at the
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1852. He settled in Salem,
first as partner with Dr. Colby, but later practiced alone. In 1857 his health
failed, but he continued active work until a few months before his death,
which occurred at Philadelphia, at the home of his father-in-law, Israel W.
James, April 29, 1859.
Dr. Henry C. Angell began practice in Salem with Dr. Floto in 1853. ^^
was born in Providence, R. I., in 1829; studied with Dr. A. H. Okie, and
graduated at the Homoeopathic College of Pennsylvania in 1853. He re-
mained in Salem a few months and then went to Europe, studying in Vienna
under Wurmb and Caspar for a year. He then settled in Lynn, but in 1857
removed to Boston, which city he made his home. The years 1861-63 he
passed in Europe, and, returning in 1864, he devoted himself to treatment
of diseases of the eye and ear. He published several books on diet and also
on the treatment of the eye and ear.
Dr. Shadrach M. Cate was born in Loudon, N. H., October 24, 1823.
At the age of nineteen he entered the office of Dr. Alpheus Morrill, then of
Solon, Ohio. During the third year of his studies. Dr. Morrill, the preceptor,
became convinced of the truth of homoeopathy, and Dr. Cate also became a
believer. He attended the medical course in Western Reserve University at
Cleveland in 1844-45, "^^''is examined bv the board of censors of the Ohio
Homoeopathic Medical Society, and admitted as a member, that being equiva-
lent to a license to practice. In 1845 he entered into partnership with Dr.
Morrill, who had removed to Columbus, and in that city they introduced the
homoeopathic practice. In December, 1847, Dr. Cate returned to Loudon
and was the first to introduce homoeopathy in that section. In January, 1849,
he married i\'lartha J. Messer. In 1854 he graduated from the Western Col-
lege of Homoeopathic Medicine in Cleveland. In 1850 he went to Augusta,
Me., and in i860 removed to Massachusetts and settled in Salem.
In 1865 Dr. Nathan R. Morse removed to Salem from Reading, and in
1868 Dr. Samuel H. Worcester went there from Gloucester. Dr. Ezekiel
Morrill also practiced there several years. In 1857 Drs. Floto, De Gersdorff,
D. B. Hannan, J. B. Walter and J. G. Wood were located in Salem. Dr.
James M. Cummings also practiced there from 1846 to 1850.
Dr. Nathan R. Morse was born in Sottard, N. H., February 20, 1831 ;
graduated at Amherst College in 1853. After graduation he taught school
at Marion, Mass., and later was principal of the high school at Holyoke,
which position he resigned in i860 to become private tutor in the families of
Rev. Levi Parks and F. A. Parks, of Ouachita, La. In 1861 he returned
north and entered Harvard ■Medical School. Fie took the second course at
the L'niversity of A'ermont. graduating there in June, 1862. After spending
226 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
a short time in the office of Dr. J. H. Woodbury in Boston, he located at
Reading, Mass. In 1865 he removed to Salem, succeeding to the practice of
Dr. Hiram Gove. He died August 5, 1897.
Homoeopath}- was introduced m Newburyport in April, 1842, by Dr.
George Washington Swazey, who was born in Exeter, N. H., August 10,
t8i2, and grafluated from Bowdoin Medical School in 1837. He located at
Harwick, Alass., until 1838, when he went to Bucksport, Me., remaining there
until 1842, when he went to Newburyport. His attention was called to
homoeopathy by reading Hahnemann's Organon while attending his third
course of lectures, and he was strengthened in his belief in its tenets by the
unfair criticism with which homoeopathy was assailed by members of his own
school. He read the " Homoeopathic Examiner," the leading journal of the
new school, and when he heard that his old friend and classmate, Dr. Wm.
E. Payne, of Bath, had decided to adopt homoeopathy, he, too, commenced
its practice. Fully convinced at last, in 1842 he left Maine and went to New-
buryport and announced himself as a homoeopathic physician. Of course he
met with bitter opposition. Of this time he himself wrote : " The trials of
an isolated homoeopathist in those early days of our practice are now but
seldom encountered. Allopathic physicians then were perhaps no more an-
gered by our opposition in their practice than now, but their censorship had
more effect. Public sentiment was then in leading strings, which it seems
nearly to have outgrown, and much more than now did everybody dread the
malediction of the doctors in power," Dr. Swazey, in a personal letter,
wrote : " When I went to Newbur3'port I found a young woman there who
had a case of homoeopathic medicines and was dispensing them to her friends."
He removed to Springfield in the autumn of i8z^4 and located permanently.
He was a leading physician of western Massachusetts, was one of the
founders of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, and active in society
circles. He met a painful and sudden death September 8, 1877. He left
home one Saturday evening about nine o'clock to visit a patient at Deerfield,
and mistaking his way in the darkness walked oft a railroad bridge near the
depot, falling thirty feet to the ground below. He died an hour later.
In 1845 01^6 Bianchini, an Italian, opened an office, but meeting with
much opposition remained only a short time. He afterward lived in New
Orleans.
Dr. Stephen Madison Gale located at Newburyport in the fall of 1850,
He writes of the condition previous to his advent: " A few years later (than
1845) s young lady by the name of Hudson, who had read a good deal on
the subject of homoeopathy, obtained some medicines and prescribed for many
of her friends quite successfully. This very much enraged the physicians of
the old school. A missionary who had returned from Africa sick was for a
long time under the care of these physicians. He grew gradually worse and
put himself under the care of Miss Hudson. He became dropsical and she
could not get one of them to tap him. She succeeded however in getting
rid of the water by remedies and he recovered and returned to Africa. Miss
Hudson left in 1849, much to the regret of the friends of the new system. I
came here in the fall of 1850 from Methuen, where I had practiced the old
system for eleven years. T got my first impression of the superiority of the
new system over the old from my friend, Dr. Do Gersdorff, who then prac-
ticed in Andover, In coming here I met with a good deal of opposition and
I supposed I should, hut T have fovmd a sufficient number of patrons to war-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
227
rant me in remaining at my post for nearly twenty years. Since I came here
Drs. Weidman, W. L. Thompson, J. Harris and L. M. WiUis have practiced
here for a short time, and left for better locations. Dr. E. P. Cummings
located here about 1866, and Dr. David Foss in 1867." Dr. Gale was born
October 20, 1809, at Kingston Plains, N. H. He was the youngest of five
sons, all physicians. He studied medicine with his uncles and with his brothers,
Drs. Ezra B. Gale, of Kingston, N. H., and L. B. Gale, of Boston. After
attending three courses at Harvard Medical School, he graduated in 1837.
He located at Derry, N. H., but in 1839 settled at Methuen, Mass. In the
fall of 1850 he located at Nev^^buryport and at once began to practice homoe-
opathy. He died of apoplexy, January 26, 1882. Dr. E. P. Cummings was
born at Stratham, N. H., in 1826. During the rebellion he was assistant sur-
geon on the ship Roanoke, and afterward in the Twenty-third Massachusetts
infantry. He introduced homoeopathy into Exeter. X. H., in 1858. He died
April 8, 1878.
In Lowell the pioneer homoeopath
was one of the Allentown coterie. Chris-
tian Frederic Geist, who settled in Low-
ell in 1843. • Dr. Geist was born in Hayn,
near the Hartz, Germany, November
19, 1805, and first interested himself
in homoeopathy in 1831. He became
acquainted with Dr. Wohleben, a Ger-
man homoeopathist, with whom he
studied. He prepared remedies himself,
as many others did in those days. At
first he employed white wafers prop-
erly medicated, and afterward he used
pellets. Dr. Wohleben furnished Geist
with books and medicines, and he
came to America in 1835. I" 1836 he
went to Allentown with letters of in-
troduction. At Hering's house he met
the teachers and scholars, and studied
at the academy. Afterward he spent
some years with Wesselhoeft in Boston,
remaining there from 1840 to 1843.
He was then induced to go to Lowell,
where he found a strong prejudice
against homoeopathy. Although he la-
bored under difficulties, he made some
brilliant cures. One was a Mrs. Clark, wife of the agent of the Merrimac
mills, who had been a great sufTerer for years and could hardly move about.
She had taken much allopathic medicine, but without relief. After two months
treatment under Geist, she was so much improved that she was able to atterid
a ball. Of course this made many friends for homoeopathy. Dr. Geist did not
remain long in Lowell, but in 1845 returned to Boston, where he made his
home until his death, August 27, 1872.
The following letter written in 1870 by Dr. Daniel Holt, who succeeded
Dr. Geist, furnishes interesting information relating to the early practitioners
of homoeopathy in Massachusetts, and particularly in Lowell : " I com*
Geo. W. Swazev. M. D.
228 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
menced the practice of homceopathic medicine in October, 1845, iii Lowell.
Dr. Geist, now of Boston, and Dr. Pike, who died in Lawrence some ten
3'ears since, were here previously a few months each. Dr. R. Shackford, now of
Portland, Me., commenced here at the same time as myself. He remained
here three years. I was then alone most of the time for some ten years
when Dr. Hiram Parker, who had been in practice here since 1835, ^" large
business, studied and gradually adopted the homoeopathic principle. He
brought most of his patrons into the new practice and largely increased it
among the people. Before and after this, however. Dr. Gross, now of Wis-
consin, Dr. A. H. Flanders, and Dr. C. H. Walker, son of Dr. Charles Walker
of Northampton, were here tw^o or three years each. Dr. Walker went to
Kentucky, where he died. Dr. Harwood, a student of mine, opened an of-
fice here about i860. He was an accomplished surgeon and went as assistant
surgeon to the wav and died in service. Dr. Aaron Walker, another student
of mine, who was superintendent of schools in New Orleans during the war
under General Butler, a graduate of Amherst College and of the New York
Homoeopathic College, opened an office here in 1868, but is now in Man-
chester, N. H. Dr. A. Buswell came here and located in 1866. He investi-
gated the principle and attended a course at the Philadelphia Homoeopathic
College and openly adopted our practice. He is a graduate of the military
school at Woodstock, Vt., and of Dartmouth Medical College. Dr. David
Packer, who had long been in some practice in Vermont, and also a Method-
ist circuit preacher, graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Penn-
sylvania (1866) and came here in 1867 and stayed two years; he is now lo-
cated in Chelsea. Dr. E. H. Packer and Dr. A.' Thompson from the Phila-
delphia Homoeopathic College have been here some two years each. Dr.
E. B. Holt, a graduate of Harvard Medical College and Philadelphia Homoe-
opathic Medical College, is now here with me (son of Dr. Daniel Holt).
Dr. A. E. Aldrich, graduate of Harvard Medical College, located here last
autumn. Dr. Daniel Parker, of Billerica, has an office in our city; he is
homoeopathic in medicine, but makes a specialty of the battery. We think
we have from one-third to one-half -the practice in the city."
Dr. Holt was born in Hampton, Conn., July 2, 1810. He studied at Ash-
ford, Connecticut., at Amherst, Mass., the Yale scientific school, with his
brother. Dr. Hiram Holt of Pomfret, Conn., and graduated at the New Haven
Medical School in 1835. For ten years he practiced in Glastonbury. He
Vv^rote several monographs, and being appointed to write a paper for the
jMassachusetts Medical Society, chose as his subect " Homoeo])athy," that
he might " show up " its absurdities. But vipon studying the subject his ideas
so changed that the paper which was intended to prove its false doctrine was
really published under the title " Views of Homoeopathy, or reasons for ex-
amining and admitting it as a Principle in Medicine." Dr. Holt lost no time
in studying under Dr. Skiff of New Haven, and by frequent conferences with
Drs. Gray, Hull, Joslin, Wells and others of New York. After this publica-
tion the Massachusetts Medical Society promptly expelled Dr. Holt, upon
M'hich he moved to Lowell and began the practice of homoeopathy. He died
April II, 1883.
In 1857 the homoeopathic physicians in Lowell were Drs. Daniel Holt,
Hiram Parker and Charles \\''alker, Jr. In 1857 there were 11; 1882, 14;
1899, 15.
The pioneer homoeopath in New Bedford was Dr. Manning B. Roche.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
229
a graduate of Allcnlown Academ}-, who located in New Bedford in 1841,
going from Philadcl]:)liia. In 1847 Dr. Fleming, a clergyman, began prac-
tice, but left in 1851. Dr. Gustavus Felix ]\Iatthes was born at Schweldt,
Prussia, December 31, 1809. He was educated at Konigsburg and Stettin
and Berlin, and from 1832 to 1836 studied medicine in Berlin and Halle, at
the latter taking his degree. He began practice in Berlin and in 1840 lo-
cated at Scweldt. In 1845 he became a convert to homoeopathy. In 1849
he came to America and after remaining a short time in Boston established
himself in New Bedford. His death occurred May 17, 1889.
Dr. Daniel Wilder was born at Keene, N. H., April 19, 181 1. In 1845
he became a student of Dr. G. W. Swazey, of Springfield, Mass., and grad-
uated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 185 1. • He
had attended lectures at Jefferson Medical
College, but on weighing the systems of
medicine decided for homoeopathy. He at
once located at New Bedford, where he re-
mained until 1869, when ill health compelled
him to give up practice. Later he lived at
Greenfield, Mass.
Dr. Henry Bradford Clarke, son of Dr.
Peleg Clarke, was born in Cranston, R. I.,
October 18, 1827. After an education at
Brooke Farm, near Boston, and at a Friends'
boarding school in Providence, he graduated
at the Pennsylvania Homoeopathic College
in 1852, and in May following settled in
New Bedford. In 1856 he went to Des
]\Ioines, la., but within a year returned to
New Bedford, where he remained until ill
health compelled a change of climate. He
died at Coronado Beach, Southern Califor-
nia, ^larch 6, 1888.
Dr. Edward R. Sisson located at New
Bedford in 1854. He was born in,Westport,
Mass., September 2, 1828. He was a stu-
dent of Dr. Roche, and a graduate of the
Berkshire Medical School and the Homoeo-
pathic Aledical College of Pennsylvania. In •
1857 there were five homoeopaths in New Bedford; in 1875. 7; 1882, 10;
1899. 9.
Dr. Isaac Fiske introduced hom.oeopathy into Fall River in 1845. He
died June 3, 1873.
Dr. John Lewis Clarke, son of Peleg Clarke, was born in Scituate, R. I.,
November 30, 1812. He graduated at Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania in 1854, and located at Fall River. He died December 24,
1880. In 1875 there were five homoeopathic practitioners in the city; in 1882,
5 ; in 1899, 7.
In Taunton Dr. George Barrows was the first settled homoeopathic phy-
sician, having located there in 1846. He was born in Attleborough, Mass.,
]\Iay 12. 1815; graduated from Amherst College in 1840; studied medicine
with his brother. Dr. Ira Barrows, then of Norton, Mass. ; attended one
G. F. Matthes, ^I. D.
230
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
course of lectures at Woodstock, Vt., and two at Pittsfield (Berkshire Medi-
cal School), where he graduated in 1847. He at once located in the new
city of Taunton. In 1856 he attended a course of lectures in the Homoe-
opathic College of Pennsylvania, graduating therefrom in 1852. During his
term at Pittsfield, he read a paper entitled " What is Homoeopathy ?" Dur-
ing the thirty-one years of his active life he was associated in practice with,
and professionally introduced Drs. Samuel W. Graves, Elijah Utley Jones
and J. W. Hayward. He died of paralysis and brain fever, January 18,
1878. He was led to homoeopathy by his brother's success and also that of
Dr. William Peck, of Cincinnati.
Dr. Samuel W. Graves remained in Taunton two years when he went
to Springfield, and afterward to Chicago where he died July 6, 1854. Dr.
Charles Harris was a graduate of Pittsfield in 1847. He settled in Taunton
in 185 1, remaining a few years and then went to Wareham. Pie was suc-
A. A. Klein, M. D.
ceeded in 1855 by his father, Dr. Handy Harris, who, after remaining three
years, located at Yarmouth.
Dr. Elisha Utley Jones was born in Augusta, Me., May 2, 1826, and
graduated at Waterville College and at Colby University, in medicine at the
latter institution. He studied under Dr. W. P. Jackson, of Gardner. He
graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1854. He
went to Concord, N. H., as assistant to Dr. Alpheus Morrill ; practiced at
Dover. N. H., in 1853, ^"^ by special request of Dr. George Barrows, he
went to Taunton in 1854. He died November 25, 1893. He was a promi-
nent physician in Taunton, for many years president of the board of health,
and held several public offices. In 1871 he published in volume one of the
" Transactions of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society," a valu-
able paper on the " Early History of Homoeopathy in Massachusetts."
Dr. John T. Harris was a graduate of the Homoeopathic College of Penn-
sylvania in 1853. He practiced two years in Taunton and then removed to
East Bridgewater. In 1859 he removed to Abington, and afterward went to
Roxbury, where he died.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
231
Dr. Joseph Warren Hayward was born July ii, 1841, at Easton, Mass.
He graduated from the state normal school at Bridgewater in i860, and at-
tended his first course at Harvard Medical School in 1862-63. He was then
appointed medical cadet of the United States, after passing an examination
by the army board in Philadelphia. He served for one year in the general
hospitals in Memphis and Louisville and then returned to New England, tak-
ing his degree in medicine from the Maine Medical School in June, 1864. He
was commissioned assistant surgeon United States volunteers, and was or-
dered to report to General Butler of the department of Virginia, and army
of the James. He served through the Petersburg and Richmond campaigns.
He was honorably discharged after the war and opened an office in New
York city. The conversation leading him to adopt homoeopathy occurred
Henry B. Clarke, M. D.
while he was in Richmond. An allopathic physician of repute, a member
of the board of health, in his search for cholera remedies wished to find
the one used by the homoeopathic physicians, saying that in the two epidemics
which occurred within his recollection, the homoeopathists had been much
more successful than the allopaths, and he thought they had " stumbled "
on a specific for the disease. In Dr. Hayward's search for thiS remedy he
discovered that it was the knowledge how to use the homoeopathic remedies
and the application of a right principle that gave success. In March, 1866,
he became partner with Dr. Barrows at Taunton.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Norton by Dr. Ira Barrows in 1842.
He was practicing allopathy when, happening to call on Dr. P. P. Wells who
had then just commenced the study and practice of homoeopathy in Provi-
232
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
dence, his attention was called to the subject. Dr. Barrows is referred to
more fully in the chapter relating to homoeopathy in Rhode Island. Dr. Ben-
jamin M. Rounds settled in Norton in 1847. and practiced there for many
years.
In Waltham Dr. George Russell began the practice of homoeopathy in
1839 or 1840, remaining until 1848, when he went to Boston. Dr. Russell
v;as born in Lincoln, Mass., September 23, 1795. He graduated from Har-
vard Medical School in 1820 and located in Lincoln, where he practiced for
seventeen years and then removed to Waltham, a neighboring town. Soon after
his settlement in Waltham he became interested in homoeopathy and adopted it
in practice, probably as early as 1839.
In 1845 he located in Boston, where he _
continued in practice until his death,
February 18, 1883. Dr. Russell's busi-
ness extended from Waltham to the
towns of Newton, Brighton, Wayland,
Lincoln and Cambridgeport. He was
succeeded in Waltham by Dr. W. W.
Hebberd, who joined the fraternity in
1850, and was then living in Waltham.
Dr. Thomas B. Wales practiced there
two or three years and then went to Ran-
dolph, where he died February 2, 1861,
aged thirty-eight years.
Dr. Charles F. Adams went to Wal-
tham about 1850, and joined the fra-
ternity in 185 1. In 1858 he went to
Rutland, Vt. Dr. C. F, Saunders prac-
ticed in Waltham two or three years.
He died January 4, 1862, aged twenty-
nine. Dr. Edward Worcester, a grad-
uate of the University of New York in
1851, removed from St. Albans, Vt., to
Waltham in i860, and has since resided
in that city. Dr. Luther Clark has prac-
ticed in Waltham at times while residing
there with his family.
In Woburn Drs. Gregg and Fuller had previously introduced some
knowledge of homa'opathy by occasional practice, but it was not until Sep-
tember, 1848. that there was a settled homoeopathic physician in that place.
At that time Dr. Thomas Spencer Scales located there. He was born at
Colchester, Conn., March 28, 1822. Fie graduated from Middlebury Col-
lege, Vt., m 1843, after which- he took a trip to Illinois. He then returned
east and studied dentistry, and i^racticed it at Nashua, N. H., for several
years. Deci'ding to study medicine, he became a student of Dr. Knight, of
Franklin, N. H., attended medical lectures in New York city, and later at
Woodstock, Vt., where he "graduated in 1848. He studied homoeopathy with
Dr. Gregg, of Boston, and then made Woburn his home until his (leath. Tune
6, 188 1.'
Smit1"''s directory for 1857 gives two homoeopathic physicians, S. Aldcn.
and N. \\'ashburn, as living in Ijridgcwater. Nahum Washburn graduated
Elisha J. Jones, jNI. D.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY * 238
from Dartmouth College in 1832, but became dissatisfied with the prevail-
ing therapeutics and devoted himself to dentistry, locating at Bridgewater.
In 1840, reading statements of the wonderful cures effected by homoeopathy,
he procured a book and some remedies to test the truth of the matter. He
was successful in the treatment^ of certain cases of obstinate skin disease,
and was sent for from neighboring towns, to try his remedies. However,
Having satisfied himself of the truth of homoeopathy, he turned his cases over
to Dr. Alden, whom he interested in homoeopathy, and who finally became
a hom_oeopathic practitioner. Dr. Alden was a graduate of Dartmouth Medi-
cal School in 1824, and was converted to homoeopathy in 1840.
The first physician to practice homoeopathy in Concord was William
Gallup. He was born in Plainfield, N. H., August 30, 1805. In 1826 he
began the study of medicine with his brother, Benjamin Gallup of Lebanon,
, X. H. He attended five courses of medical lec-
tures, two at the clinical school of medicine at
Woodstock. \'t.. and three at Dartmouth, where
he graduated in November, 1830. In April, 1831,
he began practice at Plainfield. In September, ^-^^^
1833, he removed to New Ipswich, and in 1837 ^^^^^
went to Concord, Mass. Late in 1839, he met f -sJ^
a ladv who had been subject to frequent attacks F*" "" -^g i
of enteralgia, very severe in character and un- tC1s.'^K
yielding to allopathic treatment. She told him ^^J|B^ j
of the good results from homoeopathic treatment ^^|^||^^^^^ '
and he decided to look into the matter, but found .^^^^^^^^^^^H
it dif^cult to obtain means to experiment. His ^^^B^^^^^^Vi
professional brethren were ready with abuse of ^^^^^^^^^^^V
homoeopathy, denouncing it as arrant quackery. ^^^^^^^^^^m \
He finally obtained some books and subscribed . ^^^^^^^^^___J
for the " Homoeopathic Examiner." Later he
obtained Hahnemann's Organon. Experiment Geo. Russell, ]\I. D.
satisfied him, and he became a homoeopathist. In
1844 he went to Bangor, Me., where he passed his life.
The first homoeopathic physician in Cambridge was Dr. Robert Wessel-
hoeft, brother of Dr. William Wesselhoeft. He was a graduate of Basle, and
came to America in 1840 and settled in Cambridge in the summer of 1841.
He practiced there four }ears. In 1845 he removed to Boston, and a year
later went to Brattleboro, Vt., where he founded a hydropathic establish-
ment with employed homoeopathic medication.
In November, 1847. Hiram Luce Chase settled in Cambridge. He was
born in Boston, May 19,, 1825, and graduated from Harvard Medical School
in 1846. About the time of graduating, his attention was called to homoe-
opathv and he entered the ofifice of Dr. Samuel Gregg to study its doctrines.
He settled in Cambridge, joined the fraternity, and soon built up a large
business.
As early as 1844 Rev. Dr. Davis, principal of Westfield Academy, prac-
ticed homoeopathy as a layman, and owing to' his successful treatment of
some cases during an epidemic period. Dr. Jehial Abbott, a practicing allo-
pathic physician of Westfield, was led to investigate homoeopathic teachings.
Dr. Abbott was born in Tolland, Conn., September 3, 1795, and graduated
from Yale Medical School. It is probable that he commenced to investigate
234 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY '
homoeopathy about 1840. He joined the fraternity in 1845. He passed his
life in Westfield. His death occurred September 23, 1872.
Dr. Charles W. Taylor, the next practitioner in Westfield, was born De-
cember 26, 1820, at Ashburnham, Mass. He graduated from the Western
Homoeopathic College at Qeveland in 1853, ^^^ began practice at Westfield.
He removed to Maiden in 1856, and from there to New.tonville.
Dr. Denton George Woodvine was born at Little Meadley, England,
May 3, 1834. His parents came to America while he was an infant, and
settled in Albany, N. Y. When he was eighteen he went to Springfield, where
he was encouraged by Drs. Swazey and Collins to study medicine. He at-
tended lectures in Philadelphia and received a diploma from the eclectic
college there in 1857. He took the practice of Dr. C. W. Taylor in 1857,
remaining in Westfield until 1866, when he graduated from the University
of Pennsylvania. From this time he practiced in Boston. He died Novem- •
ber 23, 1894. Dr. Frank Mullen located in Westfield in 1866.
In Worcester Dr. Joseph Birnstill was the first homoeopathic practi-
tioner, locating there in 1844. He was born in Rastadt, Baden, Germany,
August 9, 1809. He was educated at the universities of Frieberg and Heid-
elburg, studied medicine at Wurzburg under Schoenlein, and was converted
to homoeopathy by Dr. Greisselich. He left Germany for political reasons
in May, 1833, landed in New York July 10, and soon after went to Dunkirk,
N. Y., at a time when homoeopathy was unknown in Chautauqua county. He
could speak only German, and as no one could understand him he remained
there but eight months, then going to Westfield in the same county. He
gradually acquired a knowledge of English and his practice increased rap-
idly. Two years later he went to Buffalo for a few months, and then re-
turned to Westfield, but when he applied for membership in the Chautauqua
County Medical Society, although he gave ample evidence of having a medi-
cal degree, he was rejected because he was practicing homoeopathy. More-
over, he was liable to prosecution and fine under the medical law of the
time. His poverty and foreign birth, with the ridicule of the physicians,
drove him away. He went to Erie, Pa., in 1839, ^^'^ thence to Massillon,
O., where his health failed. He then went to Worcester in 1844, and prac-
ticed there three years. In 1847 went to Boston, and in 1849 to Newton
Corners, where he built up an extensive practice, and where he died Feb-
ruary 16, 1867, aged fifty-six years. In 1849 ^""^ was one of the editors of
the " Quarterly Homoeopathic Journal."
In 1849 Dr. Joseph K. Clark, who had just graduated from the Homoe-
opathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, located in Worcester, In 1855 he
went to Elizabethtown, Ohio, and thence to Louisville, Ky.
In 1849 Dr. Lemuel Bliss Nichols settled in Worcester. He was born
in Bradford, N. H., October 6, 1816. He graduated at Brown University
in 1842, taught in the Arnold street grammar school. Providence, R. I., for
several years, studied medicine with Dr. A. H. Okie, a homoeopathic physi-
cian of Providence, and graduated at Philadelphia in 1848 or 1850. He
died September 28, 1883. His son. Dr. Charles L. Nichols, succeeded him
in his practice and is still in Worcester.
In 1854 Rev. Aurin Bugbee located at Worcester. He claimed to have
introduced homoeopathy into Worcester county, having settled at Charlton
as early as 1840. In 1856 he attended medical lectures in Boston, and aftet^
ward went to Warren, Vt., where he died in 1859.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 235
Dr. J. E. Linnell succeeded Dr. Clark. He was a graduate of Amherst
College, and of the medical school at Dartmouth in 1844. While in practice
at East Douglas in 1853 he became interested in and began the practice of
homoeopathy. He went to Worcester in January, 1855, remaining there un-
til 1866, when faiHng health caused him to go to Norwich, Conn. Dr. Will-
iam Baker Chamberlain established himself in Worcester in 1866. He had
previously practiced in Fitchburg, having come from Kenne, N. H. He died
in Worcester.
In 1857 Drs. Jonathan E. Linnell, Lemuel Bliss Nichols and Dr. Rosen-
thal! were in practice at Worcester. In 1875 there were six homoeopathic
physicians in the city; in 1882, 9; 1899, 24.
Dr. Mary G. Baker graduated in 1862, and practiced homoeopathy in
Middleboro until 1868, when she went to Worcester,
Dr. Joseph Birnstill located in Newton in 1849. In 1863 Dr. Edward
P. Scales settled there. He was born in Henniker, N. H., July 17, 1831, studied
with his brother. Dr. Scales of Woburn, and in 1857 attended medical lectures
at Dartmouth. In March, 1859, he graduated from the Cleveland Homoe-
pathic College and began practice at Norwood, where he remained until 1861.
He then practiced at Winchester, and located in 1863 ^^ Newton. He fell
while leaving the library at Newton, and died from the injury at the Newton
Hospital.
In Egremont Dr. H. D. Chapman began the practice of homoeopathy in
1846, remaining until 1856, when he went to Virginia. He was the pioneer
of homoeopathy in Berkshire county. As early as 1840 homoeopathy was
planted in Pittsfield, and found its way within the walls of the Berkshire
Medical College, for many of the students had seen the good effects of the
little doses ; but no regular homoeopathic practitioner settled in Pittsfield un-
til 1847, when Dr. Van Vleck, a graduate of the College of Physicians and
Surgeons of New York, commenced practice there. Dr. Van Vleck remained
until 1851 and then he went to Kinderhook, N. Y. In 1849 Charles Bailey
located in Pittsfield. He was born in East Medway, Mass., September 2,
1 82 1, and was educated at Brown University. He studied medicine with Dr.
Nathaniel Miller, attended lectures at Mason Street College, Boston, also at
the Chelsea Marine Hospital, and in 1843 graduated at Berkshire Medical
College. He began practice in Springfield, remained there four years, then
went to Holyoke for two and a half years, and afterward took a journey to
the south. He stopped at Philadelphia on the way home to attend a course
of lectures at the homoeopathic college, and while there became enthusiastic
on homoeopathy. When he went south he had been in poor health, and he
regained it by homoeopathic treatment. He returned to Pittsfield in 1849-
50 and commenced the practice of homoeopathy. Dr. Harvey Cole, a grad-
uate of Berkshire Medical College, practiced from 1850 to 1868, and then
he went to Hartford, Conn. Dr. Lorenzo Waite, also a Berkshire graduate,
located in Pittsfield in 1857.
In Attleborough Dr. W. W. Hebber was the first settled homoeopathic
physician. He came in 1848 and remained until 1850. Dr. Ira Barrows at
Norton had, however, previously practiced in the town. In 1852 Dr. Edward
Sanford, a graduate of Harvard in that year, settled in Attleborough. In
1854 Dr. James W. Foster located at North Attleborough.
The first homoeopathic physician in Methuen was Dr. Stephen Madison
Gale, who was practicing allopathy there at the time he adopted the new
236 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
system. In 1850 he went to Newburyport. Dr. Arthur J. French practiceil
for a time at A'lethuen. Dr. WilHam H. Lougee also practiced there previous
to i860.
Dr. J. B. Dinsmore introduced homoeopathy in Haverhill and later went
to Brooklyn, N. Y., and thence to San Francisco. He was succeeded by
Dr. Benjamin Edwards Sawyer, who was born at Cape Elizabeth, Me., Aug-
ust II, 181 1. He graduated at Bowdoin Medical School in 1837, and lo-
cated at Boscawen, N. H., where he began to practice allopathy. In 1845
he became convinced of the truth of homoeopathy and adopted it in practice.
At this time he went to. Concord, then the center of an anti-slavery circle.
In 1854 he went to Haverhill, locating there permanently. He died in Octo-
ber, 1879.
In 1853 ^^- ^^^ Eaton Chase, a graduate of Wesleyan University in
1850, of the Berkshire Medical School in 1852, of the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania and also the Jefferson Medical College in 1853, lo-
cated at Haverhill. He was born at Newton, N. H., June i, 1831.
Although' the residents of Lawrence had employed homoeopathic treat-
ment previously, it was not until 1849 ^^^t its first practitioner, Dr. Jerome
Harris, settled there. In a letter dated 1870, Dr. Harris himself said: "I
graduated at Bowdoin College, 1830, practiced allopathy till 1845, then
adopted homoeopathy and have practiced it ever since at Lawrence, Mass.,
Dover, N. H., Norwich, Conn., and am now practicing it here at Woon-
socket, R. I."
Dr. Harris left Lawrence, in 1854 to go to Dover as successor to Dr. E.
U. Jones. Dr. A. W. Pike, graduate of Harvard Medical School, came from
Dover, N. H., in 1853, and died in 1859. ^^ 1855 Dr. Charles Henry Farns-
worth, a graduate of New York University in 1847, commenced to practice
homoeopathy. . He remained until 1858 and then went to East Cambridge.
Dr. Arthur J. French, graduate of Vermont Medical College in 1848, went
from Methuen to Lawrence in 1857. I^i 1861 Dr. William Hatch Lougee
settled in Lawrence. He was born at Hanover, N. H.,' February 3, 1832,
studied medicine with Dr. Alpheus Morrill, of Concord, N. H., attended
Dartmouth Medical School in 1855, and graduated from the Homoeopathic
Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1857. He commenced practice in Methuen
in 1857, remaining there five years and going thence to Lawrence. From
1878 to 1880 he was in Europe, engaged in study and travel. He died at
Lawrence, November 18, 1897. Dr. D. Humphrey located there in 1861.
Dr. J. R. Gifford began the practice of homoeopathy in Lee in 185 1, con-
tinuing until his death in March, 1866. Dr. C. W. Stratton settled in Lee
in 1867. In Stockbridge Dr. W. L. R. Perrine commenced practice in 1850,
stayed two years and then went to Hudson, N. Y.
Dr. H. C. Champlin, a graduate of Albany iNIedical College, began the
practice of homoeopathy in Otis, Berkshire county, in 1851. In Dedham, al-
though Dr. Gregg had been called into that town before any homoeopathic
physician was settled there, it was in 1853 that Dr. Joseph D. Paine, the first
one, located there for practice. He remained ten years and then went to
Roxbury.
Dr. J. E. Linnell located at East Douglass in 1854. He went the next
year to Worcester, and was followed in East Douglass by Dr. H. H. Darling.
About 1855 T^''- Bennett, of Uxbridge, ado])te(l homoeopathy.
The first hcmcTeopathic ])hysician to settle in Micldleliorough was Dr. E.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOI'ATHY
23
C. Knight, \vhi) began practice there about 1853. and after iour years went
to Illinois. Dr. J. C. Baker succeeded Dr. Knight and practiced in Uxbridge
until his death in 1865. In Fitchburg homceo])athy had been introduced pre-
vious to 1855, but it was not until that year that the first homoeopathist, Dr.
James Chester Freeland. located there. He was the son of Dr. J. C. Free-
land, born in Becket, Mass., June 21, 1831. He studied with his father, at-
tended lectures at Pittsficld, and graduated at Western Homoeopathic Medi-
cal College of Cleveland in 1862. In 1855 ^''^ went with his father's family
to Fitchburg, where, with the exception of a year ' with Dr. Chamberlain
in Keene, N. H.. he practiced until his death, April 23, 1871;
Dr. Daniel Brainard W'hittier was born in Gofifstown, N. H., October
21, 1834. He studied medicine with his brother-in-law, Dr. W. B. Cham-
berlain of Keene, attended lectures at Harvard Medical College in 1859-60,
and graduated at New York Homoeopathic Medical College in March, 1863.
In 1 86 1 he went to Fitchburg to assist Dr. Freeland. After graduation he
returned and practiced there until his death, April 16, 1895.
Dr. Oliver Leech Bradford settled in Fitchburg in 1877, having come
there from Andover. He was a native of Francestown, N. H., born No-
vember 5, 1832. Dr. C. A. Brooks graduated from the Homoeopathic Medi-
cal College of Pennsylvania in 1857 s"<^ went to Clinton. Dr. H. A. Van
Deusen commenced practicing homoeopathy in Great Barrington in 1858.
Dr. William Babbitt, a graduate of the University of New York in 1859,
began the practice of homoeopathy in Braintree in i860, but went to the
war and was promoted surgeon of 103d U. S. Inf. After his return he set-
tled in Randolph. Dr. John Howard Sherman located in Nantucket in 1857.
He was a graduate of the Castleton Medical College, Vermont, in 1857. tie
remained in Nantucket four years, then went to San Francisco, remaining
four years, and practiced at Middleboro, Mass., for four and a half years.
In May, 1870, he settled in Lynn.
Homoeopathic physicians in Massachusetts previous to i860. The date
preceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character '■' indicates that the practitioner originally was
of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
BOSTOX.
1856
Barker, Lemuel M.
1857
1857
Birnstill. D. F. x
1856
1844
Birnstill, Joseph
1829
1858
Bnshnel], William x
I8s2
1839
Capen, Robert *
1842
1853
Cross, William Plumer *
i860
1840
Clark, Luther *
1847
1858
Cullis, Charles
1856
1840
Cutler, William W.
1857
1857
Dennett, George William
1846
1838
Flagg, Josiah Foster
1853
I84I
Fuller, Milton *
1840
18^2
Geist, Christian F. *
1840
1838
Gregg, Samuel *
1848
1857
Gove, H. X
1840
1844
Hale, Eben
1858
Hall, L. X
Hernisz, Stanislaus x
Hoffendahl, Charles Frederick
Hoffendahl, Herman L. H.
Ingalls, William, Sr. *
Krebs, Francis Hugo
Martin, Joseph Lloj'd
Macfarland, Lafavette
Newell, R. W. x'
Osgood, David *
Palmer, Frederick Niles
Pease, Giles
Russell, George *
Sanders, Orrin S. *
Sandicky, D. F.
Sherman, John Howard
238
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
1853 Talbot, Israel Tisdale
1843 Tarbell. John Adams *
1845 Thayer, David *
1855 Weeks, Benjamin x
1835 Wesselhoeft, William *
1857 Wesselhoeft, William Palmer
1840 Wesselhoeft, Robert
1856 Wesselhoeft, Conrad
1857 West, Benjamin H. x
1855 Woodbury, John Harvey
MASSACHUSETTS.
1840 Abbott, Jehiel * Westfield 1839
1840 Alden, Samuel * Bridgewater 1857
1850 Adams, Charles F. Waltham 1854
1857 Allen, E. C. x South Hadley 1852
1853 Angell. Henry C. Lynn. 1855
1859 Babbitt, Warren M. Randolph 1848
1846 Baker, George * Chelsea 1857
1856 Baker, Joseph C. Middleboro 1841
1848 Bailey, Charles * Pittsfield i860
1857 Bailey, L. x Pittsfield 1849
1845 Barrows, George Taunton 1849
1842 Barrows, Ira * Norton 1840
i860 Berry, Milton * Andover 1843
1847 Bell, Henry W. * x Nantucket 1832
1858 Bellows, Albert J. Roxbury 1851
1844 Birustill, Joseph Newton Center 1846
1845 Bianchini, Dr. Newburyport 1838
1852 Blaisdell, John M. Lynn 1848
1857 Blake, J. x Wrentham 1857
1857 Blanding, A. O. x Rehoboth 1850
1859 Bowen, Eleazer * hynn 1856
1857 Briggs, D. H. x Abington 1849
1857 Brooks, Charles A. Clinton 1853
1852 Brown, Josiah * Lynn ■ 1856
1857 Brown, S. O. x Ware 1866
1840 Bugbee, Aurin (Rev.) Charlton 1848
1854 Burpee, John A. Maiden 1853
1854 Cate, H. J. Northampton 1845
1845 Cate, Shadrach M. Lynn 1855
1839 Capen, Robert * Plymouth 1857
1846 Chase, Hiram L. Cambridge 1850
1853 Chase, Ira E. Haverhill 1842
1846 Chapman, H. D. Egremont 1839
.... Chisholm, W. R. Greenfield 1849
1849 Clark, Joseph K. Worcester 1857
1854 Clarke, John Lewis Fall River 1848
1852 Clarke, Henry B. New Bedford 1856
1840 Clarke, Frances H. * Andover 1854
1846 Colby, Isaac * Salem 1857
1850 Collins, Henry A. Springfield 1852
1850 Cole, Harvey Pittsfield
1853 Cross, William P. * Nantucket 1S51
1856 Cushing, Alvin M. Lynn 1853
1844 Cummings, James M. * Groton 1857
1859 Cummings, E. P. x Newburyport 1845
1846 De Gersdorfif, Ernst B. * Andover
1857 Darling. H. H. x Charlton 1858
1844 Davis, Rev. Dr. Westfield 1857
1843 Dean, Amos Easton 1847
1853 Dinsmore. J. Pitman Haverhill 1850
1850 Eastman, E. P. * Lynn ....
1855 Farnswnrlh, Charles H. * Lawrence 1852
1857 Fiske, J. X Fall River 1857
1845 Fiske, Isaac Fall River 1857
Floto, John Henry Salem
Ford, C. X Hyannis
Foster, J. W. North Attleborough
Freeland, Chester J. Fitchburg
Freeland, J. C. Fitchburg
French, A. J. Methuen
Fritchie, C. F. x Dorchester
Fuller, Milton * Medford
Gale, Josiah B. * Salisbury
Gale, Stephen M. * Newburyport
Gale, Amory *' East Medway
Gallup, William * Concord
Gardiner, William A. Salem
Geist, Christian F. Lowell
Gifford, J. B. Lee
Graves, Samuel W. Springfield
Gregg, Samuel * Medford
■ Hannam, D. B. * Beverly
Harman, D. B. x Danvers
Harris, Charles W. * Taunton
Harris, Handy x Taunton
Harris, Jerome * Lawrence
Harris, John T. Taunton
Hatch, Horace x Brookline
Hayward, Joseph W. * Taunton
Hebberd, W. W. Attleborough
Hedenberg, James Medford
Holt. Daniel * Lowell
Horton, Freeman * Lynn
Houatt, J. X Andover
Howarth, J
Ingalls, William * Worcester
Jackson, Mercy B. Plymouth
Jackson, William F. Roxbury
Jenks, C. F. E. x Wareham
Johnson, Daniel A. * Lynn
Johnson. O. O. x Sudbury
Jones, Elisha Utley Taunton
King, A. X Palmer
Knight, Elam Clark * Middle-
borough
Lindsay, Albert Roxbury
Linnell, Jonathan E. * Worcester
Lougee, William Hatch Lawrence
Matthes, Gustavus F. * New Bed-
ford
Morrill, Ezekiel x
Morse, E. E. x Medway Village
Neilson, James C. Charlestown
Nichols. Lemuel Bliss Worcester
Nute,' T. R. Roxbury
Paine, Joseph P. Dedham
Parker, Daniel x Billcrica
Parker, Hiram x Lowell
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
280
1840 Pease, Giles Cambridge 1842
1857 Penniman, J. A. Brookfield 1840
1850 Perrine, W. L. R. Stockbridge 1853
1857 Perry, W. F. x Mansfield 1856
1857 Pierce, Dr. x Chicopee 1847
1844 Pike, A. J. Lowell 1857
1857 Porter, I. x Charlton 1847
1857 Roberts, J. x Northampton 1854
1853 Roberts, Osmore O. Northampton 1855
1837 Roche, Manning New Bedford 1837
1847 Rounds, Benjamin M. * Norton 1857
1857 Rosenthal, Gustavus M. x Worces- 1853
ter 1855
1840 Russell, George * Waltham 1857
1855 Saunders, Charles F. Waltham 1840
1852 Sanford, Edward East Attleborough 1839
1857 Sanford, Enoch W. Brookline 1856
1845 Sawyer, Benjamin E. * Haverhill 1840
1848 Scales, Thomas S. Woburn 1857
1859 Scales, Edward P. Newton 1850
1844 Schlegel 1839
1845 Shackford, Rufus Lowell 1856
1857 Shepardson, N. x Adams 1857
1854 Sisson, Edward R. New Bedford 1858
1857 Spencer, Charles L. x New Bedford 1852
1839 Spooner, John P. * Dorchester 181^7
1857 Steen, A. L. x Foxborough 1857
1855 Stone, Alfred B. Medford
Swazey, George W. * Newburyport
Swan, Daniel * Medford
Taylor, Charles W. Westfield
Tomlinson, Rev. Plymouth
Train, Horace D. Roxbury
Van Deusen, H. A. x Egremont
Van Vleck, Dr. Pittsfield
Waite, Lorenzo Pittsfield
Wales, Thomas B. x Waltham
Walker, Charles * Northampton
Walker, Charles, Jr. x Lowell
Walker, Charles H. Chelsea
Walter, Joseph S. Gloucester
Walter, J. B. x Salem
Washburn, Nahum * Bridgewater
Weld, C. M. * Jamaica Plain
West. Benjamin H. x Neponsit
Wesselhoeft, Robert Cambridge
Whitney, J. x Princeton
Wilder, Daniel New Bedford
Wild, Charles * Brookline
Wild, Edward A. x Brookline
Wilson, G. H. x Conway
Willis, L. Murray x Charlestown
Wood, John Gage Salem
Woodbury, Elwell x Medford
Woodvine, Denton G. Westfield
240 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XIV
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW JERSEY.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Occupation of New Jersey by Homoeopaths from New York on the North and Philadel-
phia on the West — The First Practitioners Converts from the Allopathic Ranks —
Dr. Isaac Moreau Ward the Pioneer — Early Society Organization — Pioneers rf
Homoeopathy in the Several Counties of New Jersey — Reminiscences of Prominent
Early Practitioners.
In the early outspreading of homoeopathy from the centers in which the
new system first foimd an abiding place in America, it is not surprising that
New Jersey caught the spirit of the doctrine before many of the more popu-
lous states both of the east and the west. On the north and east lay New
York with its great metropolis separated from New Jersey only by the Hud-
son river; on the west the great commonwealth of Pennsylvania, with the
metropolitan city of' Philadelphia distant from her borders only by the width
of the Delaware ; and these great cities at the time of which we write were
the chief centers of homoeopathy in America and perhaps of the world.
Tradition has it that the seed of homoeopathy was sown in fertile New Jer-
sey soil in the year 1838, and while Dr. Isaac Moreau Ward is generally con-
ceded to have been the pioneer of the new school within the bounds of the
state, lie is not traced to the field of practice there earlier than 1839, but Her-
ing is credited with having published " The Family Adviser " in Camden,
opposite Philadelphia, in 1838; and if Hering did that work in that city at
the time indicated, the mference is fair that he also preached and practiced
among the Camden people the doctrines in which he was so intensely inter-
ested.
However this may have been, there is no question that homoeopathy
found lodgement in New Jersey in 1839 or 1840, when Ward became its exem-
plar in the interior town of Bloomficld, having acquired his understanding of
the new healing art through the agency of those old master spirits of homoe-
opath)^— Ball, Gray and Hull, of New York city. The germ soon grew into
active organism, and within the next half score of years the work of these
teachers, with the assistance of another equally interested coterie in Phila-
delphia, found results in the achievements of more than a dozen zealous prac-
titioners in the state. In 1846 the strength of the profession was such that
its representatives organized a branch of the American Institute of Ilomoe-
opathy, and in 1854 the New Jersey State Homoeopathic Medical Society was
brought into existence. These were followed by district, county and munici-
pal societies and clubs until the state was well provided with organizations
of the kind, each of which has served a useful purpose in advancing the wel-
fare of the school whose disciples the members have been. Statistics show
that in 1857 there were forty-six homoeopathic physicians in the state; in.
1870, 196; 1880, 200; 1899. 347; and in 1904, 333.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 241
THE NEW JERSEY STATE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The first homoeopathic society in New Jersey was the New Jersey Branch
of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, which was organized at Mount
Holly, July 20, 1846. On that occasion Dr. J. Richardson Andrews was
chairman ; M. J. Rhees, secretary ; Drs. John A. Paine and J. C. Boardman,
censors. The next meeting was held November 26, 1846, when only Drs.
Boardman, Paine and Rhees were present. The constitution and by-laws were
published and promulgated in 1846, and the society was in existence in 1850,
but was decadent and not recognized as a legally organized body under the
laws then in force. Under the then existing statutes any person practicing
medicine in the state who had not the diploma of an allopathic college, or who
had not been licensed by an authorized medical society was deemed to be
practicing unlawfully and liable to a fine of $25 for each prescription, one-
half of said fine to go to the prosecutor; but in 1854 this obnoxious and un-
just law was repealed, and thereafter homoeopathy had legal rights in the
state.
At a meeting held in Trenton, February 13, 1855, a state homoeopathic
medical society was organized, with officers as follows : Dr. Thomas Lafon
of Newark, president; Drs. William A. Durrie of Jersey City, J. R. Andrews
of Camden and J. C. Boardman of Trenton, vice-presidents ; Dr. J. B. Pether-
bridge of Trenton, recording secretary ; Dr. J. J. Youlin of Jersey City, pro-
visional secretary ; Dr. J. B. Scott of New Brunswick, corresponding secre-
tary ; Dr. P. E. Vastine of Trenton, treasurer ; Drs. J. D. Annin, J. D. Moore,
R. M. Wilkinson, J. S. Bassett and R. Titsworth, censors. The society con-
tinued to hold meetings until 1858, after which there is no record of any
such, though probably the members held informal gatherings. On February
4, 1868, a reorganization meeting was held in Jersey City, and on April 15
following the old society was revived, with Dr. Youlin president and Dr.
Tompkins secretary. This society was incorporated February 9, 1870, under
the name of New Jersey State Homoeopathic Medical Society, by which it
has since been known. It holds semi-annual meetings in May and October
in different places in the state; membership, 230. The society celebrated its
semi-centennial anniversary at Deal Beach, June 3-4, 1903.
The Western District New Jersey Homoeopathic Medical Society was
organized in Camden, May 19, 1869, at which time also a constitution was
adopted and officers elected, as follows: Dr. D. R. Gardiner of Woodbury,
president ; Dr. R. M. Wilkinson of Trenton, vice-president ; Dr. Wallace
McGeorge of Hightstown, secretary; Dr. J. G. Streets of Bridgton, treasurer;
Drs. W. H. Maline, H. F. Hunt and Isaac Cooper, censors. In November,
1869. the name of the society was changed to West Jersey Homoeopathic
Medical Society, and under that name was incorporated in May, 1872. It
has since maintained an active and healthful existence and meets regularly
in Camden. Its membership numbers about seventy-five physicians.
Among the other, homoeopathic societies with which the state is well pro-
vided, for our school of medicine always has been strong in New Jersey, there
may be mentioned the Homoeopathic Medical Society of Camden, organized
in 1878; the Communipaw Medical Society, organized in 1886; the Eastern
District Homoeopathic Medical Society, organized February 6, 1868; the
Essex County Homoeopathic Medical Society, organized in 1885 ; the Hahne-
mann Medical Club of Plainfield, organized in 1885 and dissolved in 1889;
242 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
the Hudson County Homoeopathic Medical Society, organized -March 8, 1871 ;
Hudson Homoeopathic Medico-Chirurgical Society, December 8, 1886; Medi-
cal Club of Northern New Jersey, 1882 ; Newark Homoeopathic Medical Un-
ion, 1871-1885; Newark, Union and Hudson Counties Homoeopathic Medical
Society; New Jersey Medical Club, March 29, 1869; Trenton Club of Homoe-
opathic Physicians, 1888.
The West Jersey Homoeopathic Hospital, which had. its beginning in
1892, was the outgrowth of the Camden Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispen-
sary Association, organized and incorporated February 5, 1885, and opened
for patients March 2 following. On March 22, 1888, the institution was re-
moved from its original quarters to a new location on West and Stevens
streets. This building was purchased for $8,000, and was provided with pub-
lic and private wards, operating room. etc. For a time considerable interest
was taken by the profession in the welfare of the hospital, but later on there
seemed to be a decline, and in December, 1890, the doors were closed, the
dispensary, however, remaining in operation and receiving muncipal aid. In
April, 1 891, the building was sold, passing into the ownership of the West
Jersey Homoeopathic Medical Society, by whom the hospital department was
re-opened in 1892. It is a good institution, contains forty beds, and is sup-
ported largely by voluntary contributions.
The William McKinley Memorial Hospital of Trenton, one of the most
worthy charities of that city, formerly imder strict homoeopathic direction
but now open to physicians of both schools, is the outgrowth of the still
older Trenton Homoeopathic Hospital, the latter dating its history from its
dedication, June 6, 1889, and its formal opening, November i following. The
older institution and its training school for nurses were maintained until
1902, and then re-incorporated under the name of The William McKinley
Memorial Hospital. The hospital has seventy-five beds ; value of property,
$75,000.
St. Mary's Homoeopathic Hospital in Passaic was incorporated in 1895
and opened for patients during the same year, and then was an allopathic
institution, su])ported by voluntary contributions. Its medical supervision
passed under homoeopathic control in 1899.
The Passaic Homoeopathic Hospital was opened October 27, 1897. The
first staff of physicians and surgeons was chosen from the ranks of the allo-
pathic profession, but in 1898 this regulation was modified.
The Homoeopathic Hospital of Essex county, in Roseville, was incor-
porated in 1903 by the Homoeopathic Hospital Association. It was opened
for patients, March 28, 1903.
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. Isaac Moreau Ward was the first resident practitioner of homoe-
opathy in the state. He became interested in the new system in 1839 or 1840.
He was born in Bloomfield, N. J., October 23, 1806, graduated from Yale
College in 1825, studied medicine with Dr. Hosack and graduated from Rut-
ger's College in 1829. He located in Newark and soon established a large
practice. In 1832 when the cholera appeared in New York he was chosen
bv the state and county societies to investigate the character of the plague and
note the comparative effects of different remedial agents. He saw homoe-
opathv and allopathy tried side by side in the Park Hospital, and the superior
advantages of homoeopathy there demonstrated. Then he met Dr. Alonzo
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 2VA
S. Ball of New York at a religious meeting in Newark, and invited him
to dinner, and the conversation turning on homoeopathy, he learned that Ball
had adopted its practice and obtained from him a few remedies with, which
to experiment in certain cases. Without mentioning to his patients that he
had made any change in his school of medicine, his success was so great with
the homoeopathic remedies that he adopted them and began the practice of
homceopathy. In 1841 he was induced to go to Albany, N. Y., by Drs. Gray,
Hull and Ball. He practiced there until 1849, when on account of his health
he retired to a home near Newark, giving his time to horticulture. After
several years he again began practice. From 1853 to i860 he held chairs
in the Homoeopathic IMedical College of Pennsylvania. In i860 he became
(icni-ge W. Richards, M. D.
one of the founders of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, and
for a time was its dean and professor of obstetrics. He then retired to his
country home at Lyons farm, where he practiced only among friends and
neighbors until his death, which occurred March 24, 1895.
Another of the early practitioners of Newark was Dr. Jonathan Dicken-
son Annin. He was born at Liberty Corner, N. J., November 26, 1806. He
attended lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York,
but the date of his graduation is not known. He commenced practice at Irv-
ington, N. J., and afterward removed to Newark. In 1840 he married Eleanor
Mead. Some time after 1840 he began to question the superiority of the
allopathic practice, and after experimenting began to regularly practice homoe-
opathy. He became a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in
244 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
1846. The last few years of his life were marked by extreme weakness and
debility. He died at the Sheldon house, Ocean Grove, September 26, 1883.
Dr. Thomas Lafon was practicing homoeopathy in Newark in 1847. He
was born in Chesterfield county, Va., in 1802. In 1805 he entered the medi-
cal department of Transylvania University, graduating therefrom. Two
years later he became interested in the American Board of Foreign Missions,
and volunteered to go as medical missionary to the Sandwich islands. For
seven years he labored there both as doctor and spiritual teacher. At the
end of that time the ill health of his wife, and the condition of his eyes, com-
pelled his return to the United States. After a few months of rest he at-
tended a course of lectures in the Philadelphia Medical College. In 1846 he
opened an office in Paterson, N. J., and while there began to investigate the
claims of homoeopathy. He soon became satisfied * of its truth and openly
avowed and adopted.it. Dr. Lafon introduced homoeopathy into Passaic
county. In 1847 ^""^ removed to Newark where, despite most bitter opposi-
tion by the allopathic society, he built up a large practice. Suddenly, while
at the bedside of a patient, he was stricken with apoplexy and died on March
20, 1876. In 1857 Drs. J. D. Annin, T. Lafon, I. M. Ward, C. H. Liebold
and J. B. Scott were practicing in Newark. In 1875 there were 29 homoe-
opathy practitioners there; in 1880, 25; in 1899, 33.
Dr. George W. Richards opened an office in Orange about i860. Dr.
E. Caspari was in practice there as early as 1857. Dr. Richards graduated
from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York in 1853, spent
some time abroad, and on his return located in New York city. After a few
years he went to Newark, where he became a partner with Dr. Lafon and
opened an office in Orange, establishing the first homoeopathic dispensary in
the state. A year later the partnership v.'as dissolved and he went to Orange
to live. He died May 2, 1893.
Homoeopathy was introduced into Burlington county in 1840 by Dr. R.
S. Middleton, who located at Burlington city. He remained there until 1855
when he went to Philadelphia. He joined the American Institute of Homce-
pathy in 1847. ^^- Humphrey went from Philadelphia to Burlington after
he had retired from practice and he exercised an influence favorable to homoe-
opathy. He afterward went to Beverly, where he died. In 1857 Drs. John
D. Moore and Edward M. Smith were in practice in Burlington. Dr. Moore
was born in Philadelphia, March 7, 1802. He studied medicine with Dr.
James McClintock, attended a course of lectures at *the Jefferson Medical
College, and two courses at the Pennsylvania College, where he graduated
in 1847. ^" 1849 l''c became interested in homoeopathy. He practiced for
several years in Newtown, Pa., but about 1853 located in Burlington, where
he died September 20, 1867. One who knew him said he was a man who
would weigh upwards of two hundred. The boys called him "Powwow
Moore " on account of his devotion to homoeopathy. When he was taken
with his last illness Dr. Gant, an allopathic physician, called and asked
his wife if he might see him. Dr. Moore sent word that the doctor could visit
him as a friend but not as a physician. Dr. Gant said he had come as a
physician and urged to be allowed to prescribe for him, saying that he would
die if he continued to take homoeopathic medicine. Dr. Moore would not
see him and Dr. Gant afterward said that he died because he would not give
up homoeopathy.
Dr. Alexander Kirkpatrick afterward practiced in Burlington. In 1875
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 245
Drs. Charles R. Cloud and Alexander Kirkpatrick wer6 in that city, and from
1880 to 1899 Drs. J. P. Shreve and Eugene F. Rink practiced there.
Dr. Morgan John Rhees introduced homoeopathy into Mount Holly in
1846. He was born in Philadelphia, July 15, 1824.. His parents had become
converted to homoeopathy about 1834 under the treatment of Dr. George H.
Bute. Young Rhees, in deference to his mother's wishes, decided to become
a physician, and during the winter of 1842-43 studied the German language.
In April, 1843, he went to Nazareth, the home of Bute, and entered his of-
fice as a student of homoeopathy. He read the works of Hahnemann in the
German during the summer, in the fall he entered Jefferson Medical College
of Philadelphia, where he graduated in 1846. In April he began the prac-
tice of homoeopathy in Mount Holly. In June of the same year he went to
the meeting of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in Philadelphia, be-
coming a member. On his return home he issued invitations to the homoeopathic
physicians in New Jersey, and as a result the New Jersey branch of the insti-
tute was formed. Drs. Middleton of Burlington, Andrews of Camden and
Boardman of Trenton met in Dr. Rhees' office and adopted a constitution
and by-laws and elected officers. Dr. Rhees was chosen secretary, and also
delegate to the 1847 meeting of the institute. In 1849, although he had built
up a large practice in Mount Holly, he was seized with the gold fever and
went to California, via Cape Horn. After a varied experience of six years
he returned to Mount Holly, and in October, 1855, resumed professional
work. In April, 1868, he sold his practice and retired to a farm where in
sixteen months he lost his property and w^as again compelled to return to his
profession. In November, 1869, he went to Hollidaysburg, Pa. During his
residence in California, he practiced medicine at times and was physician to
a homoeopathic hospital. In 1853 he married Charlotte L. Head, formerly
of Boston, Mass. He also became a member of the central bureau of the
institute. In 1873 ^e went to Newtonville, Mass., and five years later re-
moved to Wheeling, West Va., where he died, March 26, 1899.
Another pioneer w^as Dr. Walter Ward, who settled in Mount Holly in
1849. He was born in Keene, N. H., January 7, 1816. He was educated at
Ipswich Academy, and began the study of medicine with Dr. William Gal-
lup of that place. He also spent a year in the office of Drs. Smith and Batch-
eller of Massachusetts. He attended medical lectures at Woodstock, Vt., and
then at Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, where he graduated in
1840. Having heard much of the new system of homoeopathy and having
witnessed some remarkable cures, he decided to investigate it for himself.
He therefore placed himself under the guidance of Dr. Jeanes of Philadelphia,
and was soon led to adopt the new system. He joined the institute in 1846.
While Dr. Ward was located in Philadelphia he became professor of physiol-
ogy at the first session of the newly established Homoeopathic Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania, and signed the diplomas of the first class. He mar-
ried Sarah Groves of Philadelphia. He remained in Mount Holly until his
death. March 29, 1888.
Drs. Rhees and Ward were the only homoeopathic practitioners in Mount
Holly until i860. Drs. E. K. Bancroft and Walter Ward were there from
1875 to 1880. Dr. Bancroft was a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania in 1865. In 1886 Drs. Samuel Caley and Willett
W. Whitehead, and in 1899 Drs. John W. Branin, Samuel Carey, Oscar L.
246
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Grumbrecht, W. W. \\'hitehead and George U. Van Derveer were in practice
in Mt. Holly.
Dr. Ross M. Wilkinson located at Bordentown about 1856. He became
a member of the institute in 1853. Dr. David E. Gardiner located at Borden-
town about 1859. He was the grandson of Dr. William Gardiner and the
nephew of Dr. Richard Gardiner, with the latter of whom he studied medi-
cine. He graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsyl-
vania in 1857, ^^'^^^ settled in Manayunk, removing in 1858 to Bordentown,
where he practiced twenty-one years. He then returned to Philadelphia,
where he remained until his death, July 10, 1890. Dr. Rufus Sargent com-
menced the practice of homoeopathy in Bordentown in 1852, remained there
Daniel R. Gardiner, M. D.
until 1857 and then went to Philadelphia. Dr. Levi D. Tebo graduated from
the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1873, and settled at Bor-
dentown. In 1886 he was the only homoeopathist there. Dr. Edward E.
French settled there in 1888, having graduated in 1887 from Hahnemann
Medical College of Philadelphia.
Dr. Daniel R. Gardiner located at Moorcstown about 1855. He was
born in Pottsville, Pa., October 21, 1828, and completed an academic course
in Hamilton College, New York state ; commenced the study of medicine in
1846; attended two courses at Jefferson Medical College, and graduated at
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1849. He practiced for
some time in Philadelphia, removing thence to Moorestown in 1855, where
he was the pioneer of homoeopathy. After a few years he went to Smyrna,
Del., where again he introduced homoeopathy. From there he went to Wood-
HISTORY OF HOMQ'IOi'ATiiY • 247
bury in 1S62. In 1871, on account of failing health, he sold his practice to
Dr. Wallace McGeorge, and in November went to Pottsville, Pa. In 1875
he returned to Woodbury and associated with Dr. McGeorge. Dr. Gardiner
died at Woodbury, June 30, 1889.
Dr. George Bolton L. Clay took Dr. Gardiner's place at Moorestown in
1858. He was a graduate in 1853 of the Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania, but previously practiced in Manayunk, Pa. He remained in
Moorestown until his death in 1898. Dr. Pusey Wilson, a native of Dela-
ware and a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania
in 1862, located in Moorestown previous to 1866, and practiced there until
his death, ]\Iay 20, 1900. Dr. Alfred Matson also practiced at Moorestown.
Bowman H. Shivers, M. D.
Dr. Bowman Henry Shivers settled in Marlton in 1858. He was born
at Haddonfield, July 6, 1836. He studied allopathic medicine for two years
when, becoming convinced of the truth of homoeopathy, he commenced its
study with Dr. Julius Holterholf, in Marlton. After attending four courses
at the Pennsylvania Medical University, he graduated in April, 1858. He
then went to Marlton, taking the practice of Dr. Holterholf, who removed
to Morristown. In 1862 ill health caused him to remove to Philadelphia, but
in a few months be resumed practice in Marlton, where he remained until
August, 1864, when he went to Haddonfield. Dr. E. V. Sharp also prac-
ticed at ]\Iarlton.
In 1870 Dr. Thomas Peacock settled in Medford, but in a year or two
went to Philadelphia where he has since practiced. He is a graduate of the
Homoeopathic College of Pennsylvania, class of 1868. Dr. Wilson succeeded
248 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
him in Medford, and Dr. George U. Van Derveer located there about 1874,
after graduating from Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1873.
Dr. Coy practiced in Pemberton, and Drs. J. G. L. Whitehead and Joseph
A. Moke at Crosswicks. Dr. James V. Roberts and Dr. Joseph J. Curry are
at Beverly ; Dr. N. T. Chaffee at Chesterfield ; Dr. Geo. W. H. and Dr. Laura
A. Calver at Columbus, and Dr. Harry K. Weller at Delancq Dr. White-
head wasa Philadelphian. He died at Crosswicks, June 30, 1901.
In 1875 there were but 14 homoeopathists in Burlington county; in 1899,
26.
In Passaic county homoeopathy gained a foothold before 1840 through
the visits of physicians from New York. After 1840 Dr. Stephen R. Kirby
of New York established a regular practice in this county, giving to it a cer-
tain part of his time. The first resident physician was Dr. Thomas Lafon,
who was for a time in Paterson. In 1845 Dr. Joseph B. Petherbridge lo-
cated at Paterson. His name appears in the list of members for 1848 as si ill
, at Paterson. In 1850 his letters to the institute from the New Jersey branch
are dated from Trenton, in which city he took up his residence in 1851.
In 1848 Dr. R. G. Belt, froni Woonsocket, R. I., located in Paterson and
remained there until 1852, when he went to Milford, Mass. In 1854 his
address was Woonsocket. He was succeeded in Paterson by Dr. John S.
Bassett, who remained until 1861, when he went to New York. Since 1861
Drs. E. Nott, McPherson, Porter S. Kinne, Theodore Y. Kinne and David
Neer have practiced there. In 1857 there was but one homoeopathic physi-
cian in Paterson ; in 1899 there were eleven.
In 1875 Dr. Jacob R. Gedney was at Little Falls, and Drs. John Not-
tingham and Norton C. Ricardo at Passaic. In 1899 there were at Passaic
Drs. Charles A. Church, Edwin De Baun, Alfred C. Pedrick and Norton
C. Ricardo.
Camden county was visited by the homoeopathic physicians of Philadel-
phia as early as 1838. The first resident physician, however, was Dr. John
R. Andrews, who began practice there in 1841. He was an allopathic grad-
uate, and was well supported by his friends, but after two years he went to
Wilmington, Delaware. He remained there a short time and was induced
by his patrons in Camden to return. His practice grew rapidly and he con-
tmued there until his death, February 19, 1864, at the age of forty-six years.
He joined the institute in 1846.
Dr. Henry Francis Hunt succeeded Dr. Andrews. He was born in
Cranston, R. I., March 28, 1838. He commenced the study of medicine with
Dr. Howell, an allopathic physician at Aurora, Ills., where he (Hunt) was
engaged in teaching. Fie remained there two years, then returned east and
took two courses of lectures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New
York. While he was with Dr. Howell he had seen in a severe epidemic of
diphtheria the successful results of homoeopathic treatment, and he resolved
to investigate its methods. He entered the office of Dr. Okie in Providence,
and attended two courses of lectures at the Homoeopathic Medical College
of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1864. Dr. ITunt at once took the
place in Camden made vacant by the death of Dr. Andrews. He was an
influential practitioner there until liis death, which occurred while he was
visiting Providence, October 3, 1895. He joined the institute in 1867.
In 1857 Drs. J. R. Andrews, S. Carels and G. S. F. Pfeiffer were prac-
ticing homoeopathy in Camden. In 1875 Drs. Purnell W. Andrews, James
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 249
H. Austin, Thomas R. BlackwcMDd, J. K. Bryant, Samuel Cards, C. J. Cooper,
Wm. H. Crow, Henry F. Hunt, Melbourne F. Middleton, Geo. S. F. Pfeitter,
Silas H. Quint and H. K. Stewart were in practice there.
Dr. Samuel Carels was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College of
Philadelphia in 1838, and of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsyl-
vania in 1855. The name Carles is given in Smith's " Homoeopathic Direct-
ory " (1857) and in Godfrey's "History of the Medical Profession in Cam-
den County," but in the catalogue of graduates of Jefiferson Medical College
and also in that of the Homceopathic Medical College, the name is Carels.
Dr. George S. F. Pfeiffer was a native of Wurms, Germany, born in
1806, and came to America in 1833. While a student at Strasburg he en-
tered the Holland navy as medical cadet. In 1825 while cruising off the
coast of Algiers, he with a number of shipmates made an inland trip and was
captured by Bedouins, and retained a prisoner until 1830, when the French
captured Algiers. He then entered the French army, remaining six months,
when he was permitted to return to Germany to complete his medical studies.
In 1833 he came to America, and in 1854 located in Camden. In 1856 he
graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania and soon
afterward accepted the chair of theory and practice in Penn Medical Uni-
versity of Philadelphia, which he retained until 1864, when he became as-
sistant surgeon of the i86th regiment, Pennsylvania volunteers. He was
mustered out of service in 1865 and returned to Camden. He was con-
versant with eight languages. He died in November, 1883.
Dr. Thomas R. Blackwood was born in Moorestown, July 30, 1835.
He graduated from Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1870,
practiced for one summer in Atlantic City, and then located in Camden, con-
tinuing there until his death, July 30, 1895.
Dr. John Hayden Austin was born in Trenton, July 24, 1842, gradu-
ated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1864, and served as assistant
surgeon in U. S. navy under Farragut. While in Philadelphia in the sum-
mer of 1865, ^^^ became an interested witness of the success of the homoe-
opathic treatment of typhoid fever. Entering practice soon after in New
Jersey, he sought every means to practically test the truth of the system
until he was compelled to adopt it as the true method of practice. In 1868
he located in Camden.
Dr. B. W. Blackwood, of Haddonfield, an allopathic physician, em-
braced homoeopathy in 1855 and practiced it until his death in 1866. Dr. B.
H. Shivers located in Haddonfield in 1864.
In Berlin Drs. S. Shivers and S. H. Johnston were in practice in i87'5,
and Dr. Richard Gardiner, Jr., at Gloucester. Drs. Wm. L. Delap and
Seaver C. Ross were at Gloucester in 1899, and Dr. Edgar B. Sharp was then
at Berlin. Dr. Joseph Shreve settled in Berlin in 1866 and afterward lo-
cated at Haddonfield. He also practiced at Burlington.
The pioneer of homoeopathy in Mercer county was Dr. Joseph Canfield
Boardman, who introduced it into Trenton in 1845. Dr. Boardman was born
in Wethersfield, Conn., May 4, 1813. He graduated at Westfield Academy,
Westfield, Mass., and afterward devoted several years to teaching in Penn-
sylvania. He studied medicine with Dr. Neff at Lancaster, attended lec-
tures at the Pennsylvania Medical College, and later at the University of
Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1844. The next year he located in
Trenton. He was one of the organizers of the American Institute of Homoe-
250
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATH^
opathy in 1844, ^^^ was active at the second meeting in New York, in 1845.
It is said that he was in practice in New York when the institute was
founded, which was previous to his advent in Trenton. He remained in
that city with the exception of short intervals of practice in Brooklyn, Balti-
more and New York, until his death, July 26, 1896.
Dr. Charles Gottleib Raue, after graduating from the Philadelphia Col-
lege of Medicine in 1852, commenced practice in Trenton, 'where he remained
until 1858. Dr. Boardman was ill at the time and unable to practice and
Dr. Raue attended to his business and also that of another doctor. In 1857
Drs. Boardman, Raue and Vastine were located there. Peter E. Vastine, of
Baltimore, went to Trenton in 1851, joining the institute the same year.
Jos. C. Boardman, M. D.
He was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College in 1838, and originally was
an allopathic practitioner. In 1875 there were located at Trenton Drs. Allen,
Boardman, Cooper, Grover, Compton, Wilkinson and Worthington. Dr.
Samuel E. Allen was a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania in 1869, and joined the institute in 1871. He located at Tren-
ton after graduation. Cornelius B. Compton graduated from the same col-
lege in 1854; Isaac Cooper graduated from the same college in 1868 and
went to Mullica Hill, going in 1870 to Frenchtown, Hunterdon county, and
a little later to Trenton, where he still remains. Ross M. Wilkinson gradu-
ated from the old Philadelphia college in 1853, and located in Bordentown.
The date of his advent in Trenton is not known. Anthony H. Worthington
graduated from the same institution in i860. George Thompson was in
Trenton in 1880. He graduated from Hahnemann Medical College of Phila-
delphia in 1877. I" 1857 there were three homcicopathic practitioners in
Trenton; in 1875, seven; in 1880, seven; in 1899, sixteen.
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 251
In 1875 Drs. Joseph J. Currie and Joseph P. Johnson were located at
Hightstown. Dr. Currie was born at Carpenter's Landing, Gloucester
county, September 10, 1836; studied with Dr. Gardner at Woodbury; gradu-
ated at Philadelphia in 1866; settled at Glassboro, Gloucester county, and
remained there six months. He then went to Flemington, Hunterdon county,
where he practiced five years. He next located at Hightstown. In 1880 he
was practicing in Columbus, Burlington county, and later located in Beverly,
where he is still in practice. Dr. Joseph Price Johnson was born in Chester
county, Pa., January 25, 1840; took his degree in medicine in Philadelphia
in 1867 ; began practice in Lancaster county ; removed to Philadelphia, and
thence in 1870 to Hightstown.
In 1875 Dr. D. W. Sexton was located at Princeton, Dr. J. A. Miller at
Hopewell, and Dr. Joseph J. Whittington at Windsor.
Dr. Owen Beverly Cause practiced at Trenton from the time of his
graduation in 1857 until 1862, when he located in Philadelphia. Drs.' Jo-
sephus Gunning, J. B. Petherbridge, Record, and E. H. Trego also practiced
in Trenton. Dr. E. Bentley Hall was for a time located at Hightstown.
Hudson county, extending from Bergen Point to the palisades, and
directly opposite New York city, w^as occupied by a homceopathic physician
in 1847, ^v■hen Dr. William A. Durrie located at Jersey City. He was born
in New Haven, Conn., in 1822 ; was educated at Yale, graduating from the
academic department in 1843, ^"d from the medical school in 1846. He
commenced the practice of allopathy in New Haven, but his attention having
been called to homoeopathy he went to New York and placed himself under
the guidance of Gray and Hull. He qualified as a homoeopathic practitioner
and settled in Jersey City in 1847.
Early in 1848 Dr. John Juvenal Youlin located in Jersey City. He was
born in Rupert, Bennington county, Vt., December 31, 1821. He was edu-
cated at Auburn, X. Y., studied medicine under Dr. Augustus Willard, at-
tended lectures at Geneva College, and became a student of Dr. Alanson
Briggs, professor of surgery in the Geneva school. He entered the medical
department of the Cniversity of New York in 1846, but certain investigations
into homoeopathy prevented him from graduating. At that time he was a
bitter opponent of homoeopathy. In his preceptor's library were various
homoeopathic books' and in them he sought statements with which to ridicule
their authors. He procured some of the medicines described and carefully
studying the symptoms administered them in cases of prisoners under his
charge. (Dr. Briggs was physician to the Auburn state prison.) The good
results surprised him. Then he was seized with typhoid fever and in this
emergency was persuaded to allow a homoeopathic physician to be called and
his health was restored. This recovery, following close upon the experi-
ments he had previously made, led him gradually to a belief in the truth of
the doctrines of Hahnemann. He went to Jersey City in 1848 and began
practice. He graduated from the Western College of Homoeopathic Medi-
cine m 1854. He made his home in Jersey City until his death, October 30,
1881. Dr. Youlin was a member of many societies, and joined the institute
in 1858. He started a homoeopathic dispensary for the poor in Jersey City.
Drs. Youlin and Durrie were alone in Jersey City until 1857. Dr. J. R.
Petherbridge practiced there until the beginning of the war, when he entered
the army. He died shortly after its close.
In 1875 the following physicians were located in Jersey City : Drs. Wm.
252 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
H. Abercrdmbie, Eleazer Bowen, Horace Bowen, George B. Cornell, William
A. Durrie, James Harkness, Alexander H. Laidlaw, C. Holmes McNeil, Dan-
iel McNeil. William H. Newell, Frank Nichols, E. W. Pyle, G. D. Salstonstall,
L. Scott, Charles S. Shelton, George N. Tibbies and John Juvenal Youlin.
Dr. Daniel McNeil was a surgeon in the army during the rebellion, but
had previously practiced in Jersey City. His son. Dr. C. - Holmes McNeil,
took the place made vacant by his father's death. He died December i8, 1898.
Dr. Eleazer Bowen located in Jersey City in 1864. He was born .at
Rehoboth, Mass., in October, 1829. He studied medicine with Dr. Usher
Parsons in Providence, and graduated at the Pittsfield Medical College in
1853. After practicing six years in Barnstable, Mass., he was led to investi-
gate homoeopathy. He went to New York to study under its practitioners,
returned to Massachusetts in 1859 ^"^ settled in Lynn, where he remained
until 1864 when he went to Jersey City.
Dr. George Boardman Cornell, a graduate of the New York University
in 1864, practiced allopathy until 1869, when he investigated and adopted
homoeopathy.
Dr. William Henry Newell was born in New York, February 19, 1837,
and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1859. He passed the
next few vears in travel and arrived in Baltimore the day after "the riot"
in 1861. He served through the war as a confederate surgeon and after his
discharge located in Jersey City. After an examination of the claims of
homoeopathy he began practice under its principles.
Dr. Oscar F. Lund, previously an allopathic practitioner, began the prac-
tice of homoeopathy in Jersey City about 1870. He died in 1875.
In 1857 there were two homoeopathists in Jersey City; in 1875, 17; in
1880. 20; in 1899, 31; and in 1904, 25.
In Monmouth county Dr. W. S. Kimball was the first homoeopathic
physician. He located at Eatontown in 1854, and for many years was the
only homoeopathic physician at the Long Branch hotels. In i860 Dr. Ellis
B. Hall practiced at Freehold. Dr. C. C. Currie also practiced there.
In 1864 Dr. W. A. Bevin located at Freeport. Dr. G. F, Marsden set-
tled at Red Bank in 1870. In 1875 Dr. H. H. Pemberton was at Long Branch,
Dr. L. Bushnell at Keyport and^Dr. W. H. Burnett at Freehold.' In 1880
Drs. Ernest P. and G. Macomber were at Kevport and G. F. Marsden and
Alfred J. Trafiford at Red Bank.
In Gloucester county Dr. Ellis Bentley Hall, a graduate in 1849 of the
first session of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, and who
had been practicing since that time at Bridgeton, located at Woodbury in
1855. He was the first qualified homoeopathic physician in the county, and
left Woodbury in 1857. Later on he practiced in Hightstown, Camden, Free-
hold and Beverly, and died in Beverly in 187c;.
Dr. E. J. Record succeeded Dr. Hall at Woodbury, he remained there a
short time, and afterward went into mercantile pursuits. Dr. Thomas Shearer,
a graduate of 18^8 of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsvlvania,
settled in Woodbm-v, and removed thence to Baltimore. Dr. William A.
Gardiner was located there a short time about t86i. He removed to Phil-
adelphia and died there April 20. 1863.
Dr. Daniel R. Gardiner, brother of William A. Gardiner, located in
Woodburv in 1862 and in 1871 removed to Pottsville. Pa. In T875 he re-
turned to Wnn<1bur\- and remained there tmtil his death, June 30. 1889.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 253
Dr. Wallace McGeorge, who bought out Dr. Gardiner, was born in
Bath, England, January 31, 1843. He came to America in 1850, and was
educated in the public schools of New York. He then learned the printing
business, and during the early years of the war was an earnest union man.
In 1864 he applied for appointment as hospital steward, and was advised by
the board of examination to attend medical lectures and then apply for a
medical cadetship in the regular army. After the war he obtained a position
in charge of a printing establishment in Philadelphia, still continuing his
medical studies. In 1866 he became a student of Dr. J. H. P. Frost. The
same year he urged Dr. Malcolm Macfarlan to resign from the regular army
and come to Philadelphia. He did so and was elected professor of surgery
in the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania. Mr. McGeorge then
became his student. He graduated from the college in 1868. He first located
at Hightstown, N. J., remaining there two years and then went to Crescent,
Saratoga county, N. Y., being the first homoeopathic physician there. In
January, 1871, he became partner with Dr. Daniel R. Gardiner in Woodbury,
where he remained until 1893, when he removed to Camden, his present
residence.
Dr. Charles Newton, a graduate in 1867 of the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania, located in Woodbury in 1869 and in 1870 went to
Sharpstown, Salem county. In November, 1872, Rev. William M. White-
head, who had just graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College of Phila-
delphia, settled in Woodbury. He was pastor of the Baptist church, and
united the duties of that office with those of a physician. He died in Jan-
uary, 1874.
Dr. Alexander Kirkpatrick a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania in 1861, practiced first in Swedesboro and afterward
settled in Burlington. Dr. John F. Musgrave took Dr. Kirkpatrick's place
in Swedesboro.
Dr. Isaac Cooper located in Mullica Hill in 1868, remaining until 1870.
Dr. Jacob Izard graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College of Phila-
delphia in 1870, and settled in Glassboro, where he still remains. In 1886
Dr. Howard Izard also located there. In 1875, Dr. Albert T. Beckett located
at Mullica Hill. Dr. Samuel E. Newton located at Paulsboro in 1873, be-
ing the first homoeopathic physician in that place.
Dr. Samuel Arthur Jones introduced homoeopathy into Bergen county
in i860. He located in Englewood in that year and remained there until
1875, when he took the chair of homoeopathic materia medica in the Univer-
sity of Michigan. Dr. H. M. Banks succeeded Dr. Jones at Englewood. In
1880 Drs. D. M. Baldwin and H. M. Banks were in practice there, and Dr.
George B. Best afterward located there. In 1875 Dr. H. H. HolHster was
located at Rutherford Park. Dr. Addison P. Macomber located at Hacken-
sack in 1867. He was a graduate of the University of New York in 1853,
but had become converted to homoeopathy. He joined the institute in 1867,
at which time he was located at Maiden, Mass. He went from there to
Hackensack. Dr. George M. Ockford was born in England, March 29,
1845, si^d was brought when a child to northern New York. He learned
the printing trade and became a journalist. He began the study of medicine
under Dr. A. P. Macomber, at Maiden, Mass., and graduated from the
Cleveland Hospital College in 1872. He then went to Hackensack, where
his preceptor was in practice. He has practiced at Hackensack, Burling-
254
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
ton, Vt., Vincennes, Ind., and Lexington, Ky. In 1891 he located in Ridge-
wood, N. J.
Dr. William R. Sheppard graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania in 1861, and located at Cape May, Cape May county,
being the first homoeopathic physician there. Drs. W. F: Hedstrom and W.
R. Sheppard were practicing at Cape May from 1875 to 1880, Dr. E. H.
Phillips was practicing there in 1899.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Cumberland county by Dr. E. Bentley
Hall about 1849. Smith's directory for 1857 gives one homoeopathic physi-
cian in Cumberland countv, Dr. Moore, at Bridgeton. In 1875 Drs. A. W.
Bartlett, L. W. Brown, E. B. Griswold, W. T."^ Sherman, E. R. Tuller and
Samuel A. Jones, M. D.
M. B. Tuller were located at Vineland ; L. J. Bumstead, T. Walter Gardiner,
Thomas Sturdevant, J. W. Thompson, at Millville ; Charles T. Hill, at Divid-
ing Creek; M. E. Hunter, at Commercial; Joseph Moore, at Bridgeton.
Dr. L. W. Brown was born in Lorain county, Ohio, February 2, 1844,
and graduated at the New York Homoeopathic College in 1865. He then
returned to Cleveland, but about 1869 he located at Vineland.
In a personal letter written in 1870 Dr. Sturdevant says: "My full name
is Thomas Sturdevant, graduated from Penn Medical University, i860, at-
tended lectures at Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania. I have
practiced homoeopathy exclusively five years. I practiced allopathy five years
in Old Southwark, Philadelphia, first ward, for four years ; was the out-of-
door physician for that district for three years. I removed from there to
Greenwich, Cumberland county, N. J., stayed there twenty-two months, but
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 255
climate did not agree, and removed from there to Millville and have been
here nearly four years. I have had an uphill road of it. Some three homoe-
opathic physicians had been here previous to my coming but the old ' regu-
lars ' succeeded in running them oiY in a year or so."
Dr. Charles W. jMulford introduced homoeopathy into Hunterdon county
in 1854. In 1875 Dr. J. B. J. Bard was at Flemington; John Newton Lowe
at Milford, and John E. Stiles at Lambertville.
Dr. Henry D. Robinson was the pioneer homoeopath in Middlesex county;
having located in New Brunswick about 1849. He was of French parentage,
but was born in England, educated in Paris, and came to this country in 1829.
For a number of years he lived in New York, but in 1849 went to New
Theodore Y. Kinne, M. D.
Brunswick, where he remained until his death, November 22, 1876, aged
seventy-eight years.
In the 1857 directory, Drs. C. Blumenthal and H, D. Robinson are men-
tioned as living in New Brunswick, and T. Vernon at Perth Amboy. In
1875 there were at New Brunswick. Drs. John G. Greenbank, Samuel Long,
J. L. Mulford, H. D. Robinson and Giro S. Verdi.
Dr. Stephen Fairchild introduced homoeopathy into Morris county in
1841. In 1857 Dr. W. De H. Ouinby was at Alorristown ; Drs. R. B. W.
Fairchild and S. W. Fairchild at Parsipanny ; Drs. J. and W. I. Jackson at
Rockaway. In 1875 Mrs. Woodrufif practiced at Boonton, and Drs. Macom-
ber and Ubellacker at Morristown.
In Salem county Dr. L. G. Yim\ was the homoeopathic pioneer. In
256 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1857 Dr. J. B. Stretch was in Salem, and Drs. P. Coates and C. Preston in
Woodstown. Dr. Preston had also practiced in Sculltown. Dr. Stretch was
a native of Salem county, born Augtist 27, 1825, graduated at the Homoe-
opathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1853, and .located at Salem,
where he lived until his death on March 7, 1865. Dr. Preston remained but
a short time in Woodstown, removing thence to Pennsylvania. In 1875 ^^'
Aquilia B. Lippincott was at Salem ; Dr Charles Newton at Sharpstown ; P.
G. Souder at Woodstown, and A. W. Zane at Pennsgrove. Miles W. Wal-
lens located at Woodstown in 1863, and in April, 1870, went to Somerville.
Dr. Quinby introduced the system into Somerset county in 1846. In
1857 Dr. T. W. Edwards was in Raritan. In 1875 Drs. Henry Crater and
P. H. Mason were in Somerville.
Dr, Joseph Hasbrouck was the pioneer homoeopath in Sussex county,
about 1870.
In Union county Dr. Titsworth was the first homoeopathic physician to
open an office. Dr. Randolph Titsworth located at Plainfield in 1853. He
was a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in
1853. He died March 18, 1890. In 1857 Drs. J. Green and J. A. Roesch were
at Elizabeth; S. Cook at Rahway. In 1875 there were 18 homoeopathic phy-
sicians in Union county. In 1875 Dr. W. P. Sharkey was in practice at Phil-
lipsburg.
About 1874 Dr. Obed S. Crosby began practice in Atlantic City. In
1880 Drs. O. S. Crosby, R. A. Martin and J. H. Warrington were in prac-
tice there. In 1886 Drs. Alfred W. Bailey, George W. Crosby, Obed H.
Crosby, Henry K. Stuart and Maurice D. Youngman were located there. In
1899 the physicians there Avere Drs. Alfred W. Bailey, Lorenzo D. Bailey,
Theodore J. Bieling, Walter A. Corson, George W. Crosby, Howard J.
Evans, John R. Fleming, Mary Miller, Milton L. Munson, Walter C. Sooy
and Maurice D. Youngman. In 1904 there were fifteen physicians of the
homoeopathic school in Atlantic City.
Homoeopathic physicians in New Jersey previous to i860. The date
preceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was
of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
1845 Annin, Jonathan D. * Newark 1857 Coates, P. x Woodstown
1845 Andrews, John R. * Camden 1853 Clay, George B. L. Moorestown
1851 Armour, Thomas Allowaystown 1869 Cornell, George B. * Jersey City
1865 Austin, John H. * Camden 1847 Durrie, William A. x Jersey City
1857 Bassett, John S. * x Paterson 1857 Edwards, T. W. x Raritan^
1845 Boardman, Joseph C. Trenton 1842 Fairchild, Stephen * Parsippany
1857 Blumenthal, Charles x New Bruns- 1857 Fairchild, R. B. W. Parsippany
wick 18.32 Geist, C. F. Egg Harbor City
1853 Blackwood, Benjamin W. * Haddon- 1857 Green, Jonas x Elizabeth City
field 1853 Greenbank, John G. New Brunswick
1856 Bryant, J. Kemper Camden 1843 Gardiner, Wm. A. Woodbury
1846 Belt, R. G. X * Paterson 1849 Gardiner, Daniel R. Moorestown
1854 Compton, Cornelius C. 1857 Gardiner, David E. Bordentown
1857 Crittenden, J. x Morristown 1857 Cause, Owen Beverly Trenton
1857 Crittenden, W. H. x Grover. Lewis P. Trenton
1855 Carels, Samuel * Camden 1857 Hand, W. R. x Kingwood
1835 Caspari, Edward Orange 1849 Hall, Ellis Bentley Woodbury
1857 Cook, S. X Rahway 1835 Humphrey, Gideon * Burlington
HISTORY OF HOMCEOP'ATHY
257
1857 Jackson, J. x Rockaway 1843
1857 Jackson, W I. x Rockaway 1846
i860 Jones, Samuel Arthur Englewood 1857
1853 Miller, Alexander C. Gloucester 1850
1859 McPherson, William H. 1849
1853 Musgrave, John F. Swedesboro
1854 Kimball, W. S. Eatontown 1846
i860 Kirkpatrick, Alexander Swedesboro 1858
1846 Lafon, Thomas * Newark 1852
185s Liebold, Carl T. * Newark 1846
1850 Leaming, Jonathan * Cape May 1857
Court House 1858
1840 Middleton. R. S. Burlington 1858
1849 Moore, John D. * Burlington 1857
1857 Moore, Joseph x Bridgeton 1857
1851 Mulford, Joseph L. Middletown 1853
1854 Mulford, Charles W. Hunterdon Co. 1857
1865 McNeil, Daniel * West Hoboken 1850
1859 Newell, William H. Jersey City 1848
1857 Orton, Dr. x Madison 1841
1845 Petherbridge, J. B. Paterson 1838
1856 Pfeiffer. George S. F. * Camden 1857
1856 Pease, I. H. x Irvington ♦ 1853
1853 Preston, Coates Woodstown 1854
1855 Pretch, C. Trenton
Paine, John A. * Newark
Quinby, W. de H. x Morristown
Roesch, J. A. x Elizabeth City
Raue, Charles G. Trenton
Robinson, Henry D. * New Bruns-
wick
Rhees, Morgan J. Mount Holly
Richards, George W. * Newark
Sargent. Rufus Bordentown
Smith, Edward M. x Burlington
Sheppard, S. W. x Bloomfield
Shearer, Thomas Woodbury
Shivers, Bowman H. Marlton
Scott, J. B. x Newark
Stretch, J. B. x Salem
Titsworth, Randolph Plainfield
Vernon, T. x Perth Amboy
Vastine, P. E. x Trenton
Vinal, L. G. x Salem
Ward, Walter * Mount Holly
Ward, Isaac Moreau * Newark
Warner, S. C. x Cooperstown
Wilkinson, Ross M. Bordentown
Youlin, John J. * Jersey City
258 HISTORY OF HOMQ^.OPATHY
CHAPTER XV
HOMOEOPATHY IN VERMONT.
"By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Sowing the Seed of Homoeopathy in the Old Green Mountain State— Baird, the Inde-
pendent, Self-educated, and Successful Practitioner, the Pioneer — Brief Allusion
to State, District and County Societies — How and by Whom Homoeopathy was
Introduced in the Counties of Verm.ont.
Homoeopathy in Vermont was planted in much the same manner as state-
hood itself in that jurisdiction, and was an independent action on the part
of its pioneer, David H. Baird, who is remembered as a man of good sound
comm.on sense, with an excellent understanding of medicines and their use
in general, but who was not a graduate of any school of medicine. Whether
Dr. Baird employed other methods in the healing art before beginning prac-
tice according to the law of similars does not appear, but it is known that
he administered the little homoeopathic doses in Coventry and Troy in Or-
leans county as early as about the year 1840, and thus became the pioneer
of the profession in the historic Green Mountain state.
But Dr. Baird was not long the sole exemplar of homoeopathy in Ver-
mont, and within the next twenty years following his advent into the ranks
of the profession there were about thirty-five practitioners in that field ; and
even before that period was passed, and as early as 1854, the homoeopathic
physicians of the state gathered together their numbers and organized the
Green Mountain Homoeopathic Medical Association, which has continued
its existence to the present day and since 1858 has been known as the Ver-
mont State Homoeopathic Medical Society.
In 1 85 1 the Caledonia County Homoeopathic Medical Society was organ-
ized, and three years afterward united with the parent body. The subse-
quent kindred organizations have been the Connecticut and Passumpsic Val-
ley Homoeopathic Medical Society, about 1866, and the Champlain Valley
Homoeopathic Medical Society, organized in 1874.
Homoeopathic medical statistics show that the number of physicians of
that school in the state in 1857 was 31; 1875, 63; 1880, 83; 1899, 67; and
in 1904, 54. This noticeable decrease in numbers during recent years in no
sense indicates an unhealthful condition of affairs in the profession, and is
due to exactly the same causes which have contributed to the loss of popula-
tion in the state in general. In Vermont today homoeopathy is as firmly
rooted in the soil as at any previous time in its history, and among the exem-
plars there are found some of the best practitioners who have ever honored
any profession with their achievements.
VERMONT HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
Vermont has not figured conspicuously as the home of numerous homoe-
opathic societies, but such as have been given life have been noted for vigor
and longevity, qualities which are characteristic of all elements of life in
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 259
the healthful regions of the Green Mountain state. In 1854 eight homoe-
opathic physicians comprising nearly all of that school then in the state, met
in Montpelier on the 22d- of February and organized the Green Mountain
Homoeopathic Association. Its first officers were Dr. Beniah Sanborn of St.
Johnsbury, president; Dr. Cephas Taylor of Hardwick, vice-president; Dr.
C. B. Darling of Lyndon, secretary; Dr. Joshua Stone of St. Johnsbury,
treasurer. The society held annual meetings in St. Johnsbury. At a meet-
ing held October 21, 1858, the name was changed to Vermont Homoeopathic
Medical Society, and was so incorporated in the same year. The first officers
of the new society were Dr. Thomas Bigelow of Burlington, president; Dr.
C. B. Currier of South Troy, corresponding secretary; Dr. G. E. Sparhawk
of Rochester, recording secretary; IDr. T. C. Taplin of Montpelier, treas-
urer; Dr. C. W. Scott of Irasburg, auditor. This society still maintains an
active existence and holds semi-annual meetings in Montpelier. Its trans-
actions were published in 1891.
The Caledonia County Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in
1 85 1, chiefly through the efforts of Dr. Beniah Sanborn. The Connecticut
and Passumpsic Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in 1866.
The Champlain Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at Mid-
dlebury, May 5, 1874.
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. Baird's pioneer efforts in Orleans county have been referred to in an"
earlier paragraph. His successor in that locality was Dr. Levi C. Moore, who
practiced in North Troy many years, and was there as late as 1882. Dr. Willard
W. Jenness began practice in Derby about 1850, and removed thence to
Chicopee in Massachusetts.
In 1852 Dr. Hiram C. Orcutt, a Dartmouth graduate, began practice in
Troy, remaining there until 1865, when he settled in Derby. Dr. George
Starr Kelsea, from Lisbon, New Hampshire, and a graduate in 1867 o^ ^^^
Cleveland Homoeopathic Medical College, located in Derby, but two years
later settled in Newport, where he died September 26, 1884. In 1854 Dr.
Chester A\'alter Scott, a graduate in 1854 of the old Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania, began practice in Irasburg. and in 1865 removed
to Caledonia county. At one time he practiced in Hardwick. Drs. C. B.
Darling and I. R. Taylor also practiced in Irasburg at an early day.
Dr. Charles B. Parkhurst, a graduate in 1866 of the New York Homoe-
opathic Medical College, located in Irasburg and remained there until about
1870, when he removed to Owego, New York, and from thence two years
later to Chicago, and won fame in that great city ; but failing health com-
pelled him to go farther west, and in 1874 he removed to Colorado Springs,
where he died January 16, 1877.
In 1875 Drs. Frederick M. Perry and Anson M. Ruggles were in prac-
tice in Barton ; F. L. Snell at Barton Landing ; Oscar A. Bemis at Crafts-
bury; Ezra W. Clark at Derby; John W. McDuffie and John H. Peck at
Derby Centre ; Edward D. L. Parker at Derby Line : George Rowell at Iras-
burg; George S. Kelsea at Newport, and Levi C. Moore at North Troy.
Washington county in Vermont was the second to receive a homoeopathic
practitioner, and Dr. T. C'. Taplin was its pioneer. He had previously prac-
ticed dentistry, but having became acquainted with Dr. Baird, he soon was
interested in homoeopathy and took up its study and subsequent practice, in
260
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Danville, Caledonia county : but he soon removed to Montpelier. where he
died in 1864.
The next homoeopath in Orleans county was Dr. Gershom Xelson Brig-
ham, who began practice in Waitsfield in 1850. He was born in \"ermont in
1830, studied medicine with Dr. Joslyn in Waitsfield, afterward with Drs.
Thayer and Palmer, and completed his medical education in the Vermont
Medical College in Castleton, where he graduated in 1845. He settled in
Warren, and while practicing there was led to investigate homoeopathy. He
matriculated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York in 1849.
He learned of the experiments of Teste in St. Marguerite's Hospital, Paris,
and of the success of Dr. Gray and the other homoeopathic physicians in New
G. N. Brigham, Al. D.
York, and in 1850 he too began the practice of homoeopathy, at Waitsfield.
He was one of six who founded the Vermont State Homoeopathic Medical
Society. In 1855 he removed to Montpelier and was for a time associated
with Dr. Taplin. In 1875 he removed to Grand Rapids, Mich., but he died
at Roger's Park, Chicago, June 21, 1886. Drs. H. C. Brigham and Willard
I. Brigham are sons of this pioneer of homceopathy in Vermont.
In 1875 there were the following homoeopathic physicians in Washing-
ton county: Chas. H. Chamberlain, Barre ; John O. A. Packer, Marshfield;
Gershom N. Brigham, H. C. Brigham, Montpelier ; James Haylitt, More-
town ; James M. Van Deusen. Waitsfield ; Merrill W. Hill, Waterbury. In
1870 Dr. J. Dorr was practicing in Cabot; George Colton at Barre; A. George
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 261
at Calais; E. J. Foster at Montpelier; S. H. Colburn and ^I. F. Styles at
Northfield; Dr. L. C. Moore and George B. Rowell at Troy. In i860 Dr.
L. H. Thomas, a graduate of Castleton Medical College, began to practice
at Waterbury. In 1868 Dr. George Colton graduated from the New York
Homoeopathic Medical College and located at Waterbury.
Dr. Charles H. Chamberlain graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania in 1863 ^nd settled at Barre. He built up a large
practice, and remained there until his death, February 2, 1881. Dr. H. E.
Parker took his place.
Dr. James M. Van Deusen graduated from Castleton Medical College in
1849, s"^ went from there to Warren. He became dissatisfied with the old
school and adopted homceopathy and began its practice at Warren. In July,
1867, he removed to Waitsfield.
In 1880 there were at Lower Cabot, Dr. John Lance ; Dr. W. B. Mayo
at Northfield, a graduate New York Homoeopathic INIedical College, 1877;
Dr. I. H. Fiske, Roxbury : Dr. R. W. Lance, South Woodbury ; Alerrill W.
Hill and C. S. Hoag, Waterbury.
In 1899 Dr. Elroy B. Whittaker was at Barre; Willis S. Gillett, Calais;
Frank J. Gale, East Calais ; H. S. Boardman and Ira H. Fiske, Montpelier ;
James Haylett, Moretown ; W. B. Mayo, Northfield ; George Guy Hall, South
Woodbury; J. M. Van Deusen, Waitsfield; W. F. Minard, Waterbury.
In Windsor county homoeopathy was introduced in 1844 by Dr. A. J.
Pike and Dr. Amos Dean, who came from Lowell, Mass., and located at
Woodstock, where they spent a year practicing in partnership. In 1845 Dr.
Pike, having an increasing practice in the adjoining town of Barnard, de-
cided to go there. He remained two years and had very good patronage. He
removed from there to Lawrence, Mass., where he passed the rest of his life.
The opposition to homoeopathy at that time at Woodstock was very
great. That town was the seat of the Vermont Medical College and more
than half die population was related to allopathic physicians by marriage
or otherwise. One who was then a student there wrote as follows : " In
1852 a clinical case of indolent ulcer came before the class. The profes-
sor pronounced it incurable and so dismissed it. A dentist, then a resident
of the town, and attending lectures at the time, invited the patient into his'
office, and proposed to cure the case if he would take homoeopathic pellets.
He prescribed for him and in a few weeks the ulcer was healed. At that
time one-fifth of the class were homoeopaths, but such was the abuse of the
system, and ridicule of those who believed in it, that every one kept his own
counsel, and it was not until after years that they knew each other as homoe-
opaths at the Vermont Medical College."
In 1857 Dr. H. C. Chase practiced in Woodstock. In i860 Dr. J. R.
Hamilton located there but on account of opposition left in 1863, and until
1870 there was no homoeopathic physician in that town. Dr. G. W. Colton
decided to try the field, and during the first six months there he did not have
a single call, but he stayed and eventually built up a business. In 1870 Dr.
Nathaniel Randall located there. In 1882 Dr. C. P. Holden was in Wood-
stock, and later Dr. A. N. Logan, after practicing at Windsor, located and
has since been in practice there.
In Rochester Dr. Henry N. Guernsey, who was a native of the town,
did much to introduce homoeopathy during his visits to the place. His
brother. William F. Guernsev. a farmer, had a domestic case and handbook.
262
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
and acquired quite a reputation as a practitioner among- his neighbors.
About 1 85 1 he left the farm and after completing a medical course under
his brother's tuition, located in Philadelphia. Another lay practitioner in
the" town was J. C. Tilden, who was a good nurse, and a keen observer. He
had Hering's " Domestic Physician," and did much good by dispensing medi-
cines gratuitously. In 1851 Dr. H. W. Hamilton, an eclectic physician, set-
tled in Rochester. In 1852, Dr. H. N. Guernsey on one of his visits became
acquainted with Dr. Hamilton, and proposed to him to adopt the new sys-
tem. The friends of homoeopathy in town also urged this and the doctor
consented to change. Dr. Guernsey furnished him the needful books and a
set of remedies from his own stock, and Dr. Hamilton soon became satisfied
that homoeopathy was the right method.
In the winter of 1852-3 a violent epi-
demic of pneumonia occurred, and the
number of fatal cases under homoeo-
pathic treatment was so small compared
with those under allopathic, that the
position of homoeopathy in the place
was definitely established.
In June, 1853, Dr. George E. E.
Sparhawk located at Rochester. He
was a native of the town, born February
20, 1830. He was educated at Ran-
dolph Academy, and afterward, hkc
many of the ambitious boys of his day,
he taught school, from 1846 to 1852.
He had begun a course of medical
reading in 1849 ^"^ in March, 1852,
entered the Vermont Medical College
at Woodstock. He then went to Dr.
AVm. F. Guernsey at Frankford, Pa.,
where he remained until October, when
he entered the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania, graduating in
the spring of 1853. In June he re-
turned to Rochester and began practice
with Dr. Hamilton, who remained
with him until January, 1854, when Dr. Sparhawk took entire charge of
the business. In the latter part of 1858 he removed to Gaysville, Vt., and
remained there until 1880, when he located in Burlington. Dr. Sparhawk
also practiced at West Randolph.
Dr. Christopher Bodwell Currier took Dr. Sparhawk's place at Roches-
ter. He was the eldest son of Capt. Benjamin Currier of Lawrence, Mass.
He was educated at Guilford Academy at Meredith Bridge, N. H., studied
medicine with Dr. Jerome Harris of Lawrence, Mass., for two years and
later with Dr. Belmont of New York city. Threatened with phthisis at the
end of his first year with Dr. Belmont, he went to the northern part of Ver-
mont, entering the office of Dr. Jenness in Derby. He was soon able to at-
tend lectures at Woodstock, then at the College of Physicians and Surgeons
of New York, and still later at the University of Pennsylvania, where he
graduated in i860. The name of C. B. Currier in the homoeopathic directory
Gt
E. E. Sparhauk, M D.
HISTORY OF HO^ICEOPATHY 263
of 1857 is noted among the physicians of South Troy. He went probably
the same year to Rochester, and he also practiced for a time in Cornwall, In
1863 he disposed of his practice to Dr. J. W. McDufifee and went to Middle-
bury, where he remained until 1875, when he went to New York city. In
1873 he received an honorary degree from the Qeveland Homoeopathic Medi-
cal College. He afterward located in San Francisco. Dr. McDuffee in a
few years went to Derby Center from Rochester.
There was no homoeopathic physician in Rochester for a time after Dr.
McDuffee left, but Dr. Clarence P. Holden, graduating from the New York
Homoeopathic Medical College in 1880, went there the same year. He soon
after settled in Woodstock, but in 1866 was practicing in Windsor.
Dr. Samuel Henry Sparhawk located at Rochester about 1870. He was
a brother of Dr. G. E. E. Sparhawk and a graduate of Cleveland Homoe-
pathic Medical College in 1865. He practiced at Pittsford, where he intro-
duced homoeopathy, and where he remained until 1867, then removing to
Morrisviile and from there to Rochester.
Dr. S. H. Colbourn was located at Springfield in 1875, but soon went
to Athol, Mass., and Dr. N. R. Perkins, a graduate of Boston University,
succeeded him. In 1875 there were in Gaysville the Drs, Sparhawk ; Hart-
ford. M, E. Smith ; Springfield, Samuel H. Colbourn ; White River Junc-
tion, E. L. Styles ; Woodstock, George W. Colton. In 1899 Dr. F. E. Steele
was at Gaysville ; Dr. Adam Kilmer at Ludlow ; Dr. F. W. Martin at North
Springfield ; Dr. W. C. Phillips at Springfield ; Dr. A. N. Logan at Woodstock.
Dr. T. C. Taplin was probably the first to practice , homoeopathy in Cale-
donia county. Dr. Charles B. Darling was an early practitioner there. He
graduated at the Woodstock Medical College in 1844 and began the practice
of allopathic medicine at Lyndon. In 1847 he became interested in homoeo-
pathy and afterward practiced it for thirteen years, until his death, at Lyndon,
June 10, i860.
In 1857 Dr. C. Woodward was practicing homoeopathy in Danville; Drs.
J. Sanborn and C. R. Taylor at Hardwick ; Drs. B. Sanborn, A. B. Stone and
J. Stone at St. Johnsbury.
In 1846 Dr. Beniah Sanborn became interested in homoeopathy. He
was born in Water ford, Vt., in 1 799. He graduated at the University of
Vermont in 1827, and located at Lyndon, where he built up a successful prac-
tice. He procured some homoeopathic works in New York, and after several
years of experiment openly espoused the new system in 1850. He then lo-
cated at St. Johnsbury, where he established a large practice and remained
until his death, October 4, 1867.
Dr. J. M. Sanborn, son of Dr. John Sanborn of Hardwick, was born
Septernber 28, 1840. He studied with Beniah Sanborn, attended the Col-
lege of Phvsicians and Surgeons in New York, also the New York Homoe-
opathic Medical College, returned and practiced for a year with his preceptor,
then went to Stanstead. Canada, where he remained three years. He then
settled in Hardwick.
Dr. Milo G. Houghton, a graduate of Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsvlvania in 1856, took the practice of his brother, Dr.- H. A. Houghton,
in Lvndon. He was born in Lyndon, June 8, 1832, and studied medicine with
his brother. He spent most of the next twenty years in practice in Lyndon
and St. Tohnsburv, anc dlso practiced at Barnet, Vt., and Claremont, N. H.
In 1876 he located in Boston, where he died May 22. 1885.
264 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Dr. Horatio M. Hunter, a tj^raduate of the Homoeopathic Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania in 1857, located at St. Johnshury in 1863 or 1864.
In 1875 Dr. Hiram J. Hazelton was at Barnet' Calvin Woodward at
Danville ; J. M. Sanborn at East Hardwick ; Alpheus D. Smith at Lyndon-
ville ; George R. Drew at North Danville ; Milo G. Houghton and Willis G.
Pope at St. Johnsbury and William A. Donaldson at West Burke.
Dr. John Sanborn was a pioneer of homoeopathy in Vermont, a convert
from allopathy, and practiced for some time in Hardwick. In 1880 Dr. H.
J. Hazleton was at Barnet; J. M. Tabor at Burke; C. W. Woodward at Dan-
ville : J. M. Sanborn at East Hardwick ; W. A. Donaldson and E. Bernard
Squire at Lyndenville; George R. Drew at North Danville; E. B. Gushing
C. B. Currier, M. p.
at St. Johnsbury; George B. Colby at Sutton; and Chas. B. Davis at West
Burke. Later Dr. Charles L. Bailev practiced at Danville; S. S. Martin and
W. H. Weeks at East Hardwick; F. H. Davis at Lyndonville ; E. W. Hitch-
cock and Samuel H. Sparhawk at St. Johnsbury; and W. R. Noyes at West
Burke.
In Chittenden county the first homeopathic practitioner was Dr. T. S.
Blodgett, who located in Burlington about 1850. He remained but a few
months, going thence to Cooperstown, N. Y.. and was succeeded by Dr. John
A. Ward, who remained but a short time. In 1854 Dr. Thomas Bigelow was
induced through the efforts of his brother-in-law to settle in Burlington. He
graduated from the Castleton Medical College in 1828 and had practiced allo-
pathy in West Granville and Hartford. Burlington, owing to the medical
IITSTORV OF Tl()^[^F.O^AT^V 265
department of the Universitx- of Vermont, was unfriendly to homoeopathy,
tlioLigh there were some adherents there ; but Dr. Bigelow by his sterhng
quahties compelled the respect of professional rivals. In 1870, on account of
ill health, he took Dr. Samuel Worcester into partnership, and in October,
1871, he retired entirely hnm practice and went to Green Bay, Wisconsin.
Dr. Worcester was born February 5, 1847, ^t Epping, N. H., and grad-
uated at Harvard Medical School in 1868. In 1865 he was appointed medical
cadet, U. S. A., and served in the national general hospital at Baltimore ; in
1867 was appointed assistant physician to the Butler Hospital for the Insane
at Providence, which position he retained until 1869, when he spent the sum-
mer as acting assistant surgeon in the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
in Boston, and the following winter in the Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania. In April, 1870, he located at Concord, Mass., but on Decem-
ber I, 1870, removed to Burlington, Vt. About 1874 he went to Salem, Mass.
Dr. Sanford Wager located at Bitrlington about the same time as Dr.
Bigelow, and was made assistant to Drs. Redfield and Whiting in their wa-
ter cure establishment, and afterward remained there as a homoeopathic phy-
sician. Dr. Albert Colvin located at Burlington in 1872. He graduated at
the Cleveland Homoeopathic Medical College. He remained at Burlington
permanently. Dr. E. B. Whittaker, a student of Dr. C. B. Currier and a
graduate of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College in 1868, located in
Hinesburgh. In 1875 Dr. Darwin H. Roberts was located at Underbill
Center.
In Essex county Dr. Frank E. Dow was the first homoeopathic phy-
sician. He graduated from the New York Homoeopathic Medical College
and soon located in West Concord. In 1875 Drs. Dow and G. E. Huntley
were practicing in that town.
In Addison county the first homoeopathic practitioner was Dr. Oliver J.
Eels. He began practice in Cornwall in 1812, and for the most of his life
practiced allopathy, but meeting a homoeopathic physician in western New
York in 1854, he discussed homceopathv, and was finally persuaded to try it
in his own practice. Dr. Eels began his experiments witht)ut the knowledge
of his patients. His success was so marked that after a year he threw away
his saddlebags and adopted the new svstem openly. He died in i860. It
is written : " Todav the name of old Doctor Eels is still a household word
in Cornwall. Homoeopathy owes him a debt of gratitude, for from that nu-
cleus in Cornwall we can trace all the growth of homoeopathy in that part
of the state." Dr. Eels educated a young man. Dr. R. C. Green, wdio grad-
uated at the Cleveland Homoeopathic Medical College in 1857, and for sev-
eral years i)racticed with his preceptor. He was a successful ]:)ractitioner, but
died yovmg, Februar\' 9. 1866.
Dr. C. B. Currier practiced in Cornwall from i860 to 1864. and then
located in Middleburv. where not one homoeopathic family welcomed him.
It was the countv seat and contained many old and well established allopathic
physicians. He was made the butt of ridicule, as were the little sugar pills
he administered. He was many miles from a homoeopathic physician and
there was none with whom to counsel ; but fought the battle alone and won
by his skill, energy and sound judgment. In the spring of 1874 he took an
assistant, and in 1875 he went to New York, but afterward removed to San
Francisco. Dr. Currier's asistant was Dr. E. T. Crafts, of Joilet, 111., who
graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago in 1870. Dr.
266 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Fred. W. Halsey, a graduate of the National College of Washington in 1871,
was located in Middlebury in 1880. Dr. G. R. Sanborn of New Haven, Vt.[
graduated from the Pittsfield Medical College in 1850, and practiced allopathy
for three years._ He then left the profession to devote himself to farming. In
i860 his attention was called to homoeopathy and he was eventually converted
to its teachings through the agency of Dr. Currier. He procured books and
medicines and in due season began practice.
Dr. Asa A. Arthur graduated from, the Bellevue Hospital Medical Col-
lege, New York, in 1868, located, first at Elizabethtown, Essex county, and a
little later settled in Vergennes. Dr. Melvin D. Smith at first was an eclec-
tic physician, but was converted to homoeopathy, and in 1880 was practicing
in Addison. Dr. I. V. Daggett, graduate of New York Homoeopathic Medi-
cal College, 1868, student of Dr. Currier, commenced practice in Canton,
N. Y., but soon settled in Whiting. In 1870 Dr. J. R. Hamblin began prac-
tice at Ripton, remained until 1875. then went to Starksboro, and in 1880
he was in practice at Bristol.
Dr. Hollis Kendall Bennett practiced for a time at Bristol and then went
to Massachusetts.
Dr. Jane A. Rich graduated at the New York Medical College for Wom-
en in 1875 and practiced in Shoreham through the summer and fall of 1875.
In January, 1876, she went to New York city, where she died April 23, 1876.
Dr. J. H. Norton was practicing in Leicester and Dr. Chas. A. Flanders was
at West Cornwall, in 1880. Drs. D. C. Noble and M. D. Smith were at Mid-
dlebury in 1899. They Were the only homoeopaths in Addison county in that
year.
In Bennington county Dr. H. Smith was in practice at Bennington in 1857,
and in the same year Dr. R. B. Bruce was at North Bennington ; Dr. Harlan P.
Partridge was at Bennington; Dr. Chester N. Chamberlain was at West Rupert
in 1875 ; Dr. H. P. Partridge, Emma E. Stone, and N. S. Morgan at Benning-
ton in 1880; Dr. A. D. Ayres at Bondville; E. L. Wyman at Factory Point; F.
R. Hudson at North Bennington ; C. N. Chamberlain at Rupert, and Stanton
L. Hall at Bennington in 1870.
In Franklin county in 1875 Dr. Caleb N. Burleson was at Franklin, and
Drs. Stebbins A. Smith and Theodore R. Waugh at St. Albans. In 1880 Dr.
H. W. Hamilton was at Fairfax, and Dr. C. N. Burleson at Franklin. In
1899 Dr. H. De L. Knickebocker and Dr. T. R. Waugh were at St. Albans.
In La Moille county Dr. Nathan Howland Thomas was the homoeopathic
pioneer. He was born at Woodstock, March 13, 1802, studied medicine with
Dr. Joseph Gallup, and graduated in medicine at Woodstock in 1830. He
went to Stowe and in 1831 opened an office, but was obliged to teach school
while gaining a professional foothold in the town. About 1832 a disease ap-
peared in the town which was supposed to be smallpox, but which he diag-
nosed as measles. It spread and raged and Dr. Thomas gained the name of
the " measles doctor." As another physician had diagnosed the disease as
smallpox, Thomas' reputation was established, and he soon had a good busi-
ness. For twenty-two years he practiced allopathy, but after 1854 he was a
homoeopath ; and at the time of his death was the oldest homoeopathic prac-
titioner in the state. He always lived in the town of Stowe.
Dr. Merrit G. Powers in 1875 was in practice at Johnson, and Chas. A.
Jackman at Morrisville. In 1880 Dr. H. S. Boardman was at Cambridge;
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHV
267
Moses E. Smith at Johnson ; George E. Woodward at Morrisville, and N. H.
Thomas at Stowe.
In Orange county Dr. A. M. Gushing introduced homoeopathy into Brad-
ford in 1856. He remained but a short time, going to Lansingsburg, N. Y.,
and later to Lynn, Mass. He was succeeded in Bradford by Dr. JuHan Henry
Jones, a graduate of Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1869. In
1875 Dr. Erdix T. Smith was at East Gorinth ; Marcus J. Bixby at East
Orange; and Martin L. Scott at West Randolph. In 1880 there were in
Orange county : Dr. J. H. Jones at Bradford ; Gelia Elizabeth Harris at Eliza-
beth ; M. J. Bixby at East Orange, and Martin L. Scott at West Randolph.
In 1899 Dr. Jones was still at Orange; William E. Locke at Gorinth; John
F. Shattuck at Wells River, and Dr. Scott at Randolph. Dr. Francis A. San-
born located at Strafford in 1859, and removed to Ohio in 1864.
In Rutland county Dr. Charles Frederick Adams was the earliest homoe-
opathic practitioner, having located at Rutland in 1858. Dr. Charles Wood-
house settled there in 1867. In 1875 Dr. H. W. Hamilton was at Brandon;
Alonzo E. Horton at East Poultney ; Ghas. H. Carpenter at Fair Haven ; A.
V. Marshall at Mendon; George j. Crowdey at Shrewsbury. In 1880 Dr.
Horton was at East Poultney ; C. H. Carpenter at Fair Haven ; A. V. Mar-
shall at Paw-let ; Geo. J. Crowley, G. T. Flanders and Ghas. Woodhouse at
Rutland; in 1899 Orrin A. Gee was at Brandon; Glenn A. Roberts at Castle-
ton ; Arthur S. Murray at Fair Haven ; Dr. Horton at East Poultney ; Horace
B. Denman at Pawlet; Ghas. A. Flanders at Poultney.
In Windham county Dr. Charles F. Adams located at Londonderry in
1849. He w^as a graduate of Dartmouth. At Brattleborough in 1848 Dr.
Robert Wesselhoeft erected a hydropathic establishment in connection with
homoeopathic medication. He left in 1852 and he was succeeded by Drs. G.
W. Grau and F. Mueller. Dr. Grau died and Dr. Mueller soon afterward
went to IMontreal, Dr. David P. Dearborn taking his place. In 1880 Drs. Da-
vid P. Dearborn and Henry Tucker were at Brattleborough, and W. Gleason
Willis at Jamaica.
Homoeopathic physicians in Vermont previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homce-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some
other school; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine
before the date given.
1838 Baird. David H. Troy
1854 Bigelow, Thomas * Burlington
1847 Blodgett, T. S. X * Burlington
i8:;o Brigham, G. N. * Waitsfield
1857 Bruce, R. B. North Bennington
1857 Carpenter, H. H. x Derby Centre
1857 Chase, H. C. x Woodstock
1857 Currier, C. B. * South Troy
1856 Cushing, Alvin M. Bradford
1843 Dean, Amos Woodstock
1857 Dorr, John x Cabot
1847 Darling, Charles B. * Lyndon
1854 Eels, Oliver J. * West Cornwall
1852 Evans, Dr. Barre
1857 Grau, C. W. x Brattleboro
1857 Green, R. C. West Cornwall
1857 George A. x Calais
i860 Hamilton, J. R. Woodstock
1852 Hamilton. H. W. * Rochester
1852 Houghton. Henry A. Lyndon
1856 Houghton, Milo G. Lyndon
1854 Holbrook, P. R. x
1857 Hvmter, Horatio M. St. Johnsbury
1854 Jenness. Willard W. x Derby Centre
i860 Jones. Julian H. Bradford
1857 Mueller, F. x Brattleboro
1857 Neal, J. x Canaan
1857 Paige, J. X Ashuelot
1857 Perkins, S. G. x Castleton
1844 Pike, A. J. Woodstock
1856 Packer. David x
1850 Randall, Nathaniel Woodstock
268
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1857 Redfield, Dr. x Burlington 1S45
1859 Ruggles, Anson M. Barton 1854
1846 Sanborn, Beniah * St. Johnsbury i860
i860 Sanborn, G. R. * New Haven 1854
1850 Sanborn, John * Hardwick 1850
1854 Scott, Chester W. Irasburgh 1849
1857 Smith, H. X Bennington 1847
1853 Sparhawk, George E. E. Rochester 1846
1857 Stone, A. B. x St. Johnsbury 185.3
1854 Stone, Joshua x St. Johnsbury ■ 1856
1857 Stevens, J. x Newbury
Tapb'n, T. C. Danville
Taylor, Cephas R. x Hardwick
Tucker, Henry Brattleboro
Thomas, Nathan H. * Stowe
Tilden, J. C. Rochester
Van Deusen, James M. Warren
Ward, John A. Burlington
Wesselhoeft, Robert Brattleboro
Wager, Sanford Burlington
Woodward, Calvin x Danville
irTSTORV OF TTOMrFOPATIlY 269
CHAPTER XVI
HOMOEOPATHY IN DELAWARE.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Treatment of Gosewisch at the Hands of Delaware Allopaths— His Great Work for
Homoeopathy — Harlan, the Second Homoeopathic Physician in the State — Quinby —
Negendank — Swinney — Curtis — Lawton — Tantum.
Delaware belongs to the second epoch in the history of homoeopathy in
America. The first homoeopathic practitioner to enter the state was Dr. J. C.
Gosewisch, who had been a private pupil of Wesselhoeft, had graduated from
Allentown Academy, and then located in Wilmington, in August, 1839. Few
people then knew anything of the system, and his advent was met with oppo-
sition and ridicule. The law of the state required that no person not a practi-
tioner prior to February 4, 1802, should practice medicine or surgery and
collect fees therefor, without having first obtained a license from a board
of examiners consisting of three members of the state medical society. Gose-
wisch asked for such an examination, received it, and the board expressed
satisfaction, but the next day he received an official notice refusing his re-
quest for a license. Then a petition signed by many friends of homoeopathy,
and of fair plav, was presented to the next legislature asking for redress. In
answer to this demand an act was passed and the following is an extract from
it:
"That such practitioners of medicine upon the homoeopathic system exclusively,
shall have full power and right, and are hereby fully authorized, permitted and allowed '
to charge, receive, demand, claim, sue for and recover, any fee, compensation, reward
or pay whatsoever, for or on account of any such practice of medicine, or for or on
account of any manner of service rendered, or medicine administered or prescribed
in or about the sam.e, as the nature of the case may admit, and as may be consonant to
right, equity and good conscience; to be recovered m the like manner, as debts of the
same' amount are recoverable according to the laws of this state, any custom, usage or
law to the contrary notwithstanding."
A law excluding homoeopathic practice had been passed in Delaware in
January, 1835. but the act just quoted from, passed January 27, 1843, through
the efforts of Dr. Gosewisch, placed homoeopathy upon precisely the same legal
basis as that of the allopathic system of medicine.
HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY OF DELAWARE.
The first general homoeopathic society organization in the state was that
known as the Delaware State Homoeopathic Medical Society and was organ-
ized in Wilmington in November, 1874. It was not incorporated and held its
annual meetings in different parts of the state. The first officers were Dr.
L. Lukens of Newport, president ; Dr. L. Kittinger of Wilmington, vice-presi-
dent; Dr. J. M. Curtis of Wilmington, secretary and treasurer; Dr. C. H.
Lawton of Wilmington, corresponding secretary; Drs. J. R. Tantum, J. R.
Shaw and C. H. Tawton, censors. The society held meetings with reasonable
regularity for several years, but later there came a decline followed by a re-
270 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
organization in 1884 under the name of Homoeopathic Medical Society of
Delaware and the Peninsula. The society was - incorporated in 1889. At
first it met annually in Wilmington, later semi-annually, and afterward quar-
terly in different places. At the present time the annual meeting is held in
Wilmington in November. Membership in 1903, thirty.
The Wilmington Medical Club, otherwise known as the Hughes Club,
was organized in Wilmington in 1883 and was incorporated under the laws of
the state in 1889. Its meetings, held weekly, are social in character, and are
made specially interesting by the discussion of medical and scientific subjects.
The Homoeopathic Hospital, Wilmington, is one of the noblest charities
of the city and state, and was brought into existence in answer to a positive
Jos. R. raiUuni, jM. D.
need for such an institution. The movement to that end began in 1887, and
its chief promoter outside the profession was Mrs. J. Taylor Cause, who
promised and gave substantial aid to the undertaking. For the purpose of
carrying out the j^lans then suggested a hospital association of homoeopathic
physicians was formed, and its chief auxiliary was a ladies' aid society. Mrs.
Cause was president of the aid association, organized November 19, 1887,
the other officers being as follows: Mrs. L. Kittinger, vice-president; Mrs.
George W. Stone, recording secretary and treasurer; Mrs. C. B. Smyth, cor-
responding secretary. Various committees and advisory boards were consti-
tuted, resolutions were adopted, and the hospital became an assured fact. The
board of lady managers numbered twenty-seven members. Mrs. Cause gen-
erouslv offered the association the free use of a comfortable building for one
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY . 271
year, with the privilege of its purchase at the end of that time. The hospital
was opened February lo, 1888; the association was incorporated January 31,
1889, and on February 9 following- organization was perfected under the in-
corporation. On March 2, 1888, an auxiliary association known as "Juniors "
was formed, and in June following the " Children's Band of Hospital Work-
ers " was organized. The donations of Airs. Cause, including rent of build-
ing, equalled $3,000, and later the institution was still more largely benefited
by her generosity. In April, 1889, Mr. and Mrs. Cause presented a furnished
hospital pavilion to the corporation. In 1899 the debt of $9,000 owing
by the corporation was paid by Emma and Annie R. Latimer. The new build-
ing cost about $40,000. It has accommodations for fifty patients.
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. Gosewisch, the pioneer homceopath in Delaware, was a native of
Peine, kingdom of Hanover, born May 14, 1808, and practiced medicine in
Wilmington many years, establishing a large business and making many
friends. His death occurred in Alav, 1854. It is said that he never gave medi-
cine below the thirtieth potency.
Homoeopatliic Hospital of Delaware.
Dr. Caleb Harlan was probably the second practitioner of homoeopathy
in Delaware. He had graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in
1836, and had practiced allopathy in Alilltown, Newcastle county, where he
was born on October 13, 18 14. In 1846 his attention was called to the new
medical system, and in 1847 ^''^ removed to Wilmington, where he began its
practice. Being the first physician of the prevailing school to adopt homoe-
opathy, his action met with the most violent opposition from his former col-
leagues; he was attacked in public debate and in the daily papers, but was
well able to defend himself and the system.
In 1855 h^ published an able pamphlet entitled " A Lecture on Allopathy
and Homoeopathy." He was a man of considerable literary ability and in i860
published a poem, " Ida Randolph of A'irginia," and in 1879 another, " Elflora
of the Susquehanna." For several years he delivered lectures on anatomy
272
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
and physiology, hygiene and organic chemistry in the State Normal Univer-
sity at Wilmington.
In 1852 Dr. Watson Fell Quinby located in Delaware, where he began
the practice of homoeopathy. He had graduated from the Jefferson Medical
College of Philadelphia in 1847, ^"^^ soon afterward became satisfied that in
homoeopathy he found that exactitude of practice that was lacking in the old
school methods. He travelled through the northern and southern states, and
for a time took the practice of Dr. Ijelden at Mobile. He went to California
with the pioneers of 1849. ^^ ^^S^ ^^^ P^''^ ^ short visit to Delaware and, mar-
rying February 22, 1855, he settled in his native place, Brandywine Springs,
Newcastle county. In 1863 he removed to Wilmington.
Dr. August Negendank commenced the practice of homoeopathy in Wil-
Calel) Hailau, Al. D.
mington in 1854. He was born in Gustrow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, August
6, 1823. He came to America in 1849, ^"^ entered the office of Dr. G. Pehr-
son of Philadelphia, remaining with him for three years and at the same time
attending the Philadelphia College of Medicine, from which institution he
graduated. He then acted as an assistant to Dr. Hering for two years, after
which he located at Wilmington.
In 1857 the following homeopathic practitioners were located in Dela-
ware. Dr. Watson Fell Quinby, Milltown ; Dr. J. K. Bryant, Newark; Drs.
Caleb Harlan, August Negendank, and William Way Thomas, Wilmington.
There were only these five practitioners in the state at that time. In 1869
Drs. E. S. Anderson and J. F. Baker were at Dover ; Drs. John Mitchell Cur-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
273
tis, Caleb Harlan, Leonard Kittinger, August Xegendank, Watson Fell Quin-
by, Joseph R. Tantum and William Way Thomas were at Wilmington.
In 1875 Dr. J. G. Swinney was at Smyrna and in addition to the prac-
titioners in Wilmington previously mentioned, were Drs. H. Burr, J. C. Devon,
Charles H. Lawton and W. B. Maloney. The following were located in New
Castle county : Dr. A. Irons, at Newport : Dr. William F. Kennedy, at Mid-
dletown ; Dr. Isaiah Lukens, at Newport; Dr. Alex R. Shaw, at Newark.
In 1886 there were twenty-nine homoeopathic practitioners in the state,
of whom sixteen were in Wilmington. In 1895 there were thirty-one, of
whom nineteen were in Wilmington. In 1904 the number in the state was
thirty, twenty-one being in Wilmington.
Chas. H. Lawton, M. D.
Dr. Leonard Kittinger, born in Philadelphia, April 27, 1834, was one of
the early homceopathic physicians of Delaware. He became a student of Dr.
O. B. Cause in Philadelphia, and graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania in 1863. He then located at Bordentown, N. J., and a
little later went to Flejnington. In April, 1866, he located at Wilmington
where he built up an extensive practice.
Dr. William Way Thomas was born in Delaware. He engaged in busi-
ness pursuits but became an invalid, and after years of treatment at allopathic
hands he had recourse to homoeopathy, which in a short time effected such
beneficial results that he resolved to practice that system. He became a stu-
dent of Dr. Gosewisch. attended at the Jefferson ]\Iedical Collge in Philadel-
phia, but graduated from the Western Homoeopathic Medical College at
Cleveland in i860.
Dr. John Gillette Swinney, of Smyrna, died at Shiloh. December 27, 1894,
274 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
at the age of fifty years. He graduated at Hahnemann Medical College of
Philadelphia in 1872. He was an old army veteran, having served in the
Twelfth regiment, New Jersey volunteers, and was wounded in the Battle of
the Wilderness. He practiced at Smyrna.
Dr. John Mitchell Curtis was born in Philadelphia, June 21, 1846, edu-
cated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., where he graduated in 1865. In
1869 he graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia and
located in Wilmington.
Dr. Charles Henry Lawton was born in Newport, R. I., February 15,
1832. He became the student of Dr. Page, of Boston, who was a practitioner
with electricity, and he devoted himself for fourteen years to the practice of
electro-therapeutics in Providence, New York, Philadelphia and Wilmington,
Having no confidence in old school drugging, he avoided all medication until
1870, when he became satisfied that there was a scientific basis to homoeopathy.
He entered Hahnemann College of Philadelphia and graduated there in 1871.
He then opened an office as a homoeopathic physician in Wilmington. His
death occurred July 6, 1894.
Dr. Joseph R. Tantum was born in Monmouth county, N. J., April
12, 1834. He engaged in the drug business for a time, but ill health com-
pelled him to relinquish that, and having become convinced of the truth of
homoeopathy he commenced its study under the direction of Dr. Cause of
Philadelphia. He graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania in 1865, and soon afterward removed to Wilmington,
Homoeopathic physicians in Delaware previous to and including the year
1870. The date preceding the name indicates the year the physician began
the practice of homeoeopathy.
1866 Anderson, Edwin S. Dover 1863 Kittinger, Leonard Wilmington
1857 Bryant. J. K. Newark 1852 Quinby, Watson F. Milltown
1869 Curtis, John M. Dover 1854 Negendank, August Wilmington
1839 Gosewisch, J. C. Wilmington Tantum, J. R. Wilmington
1846 Harlan, Caleb Wilmington i860 Thomas, William W. Wilmington
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 275
CHAPTER XVH
HOMOEOPATHY IN RHODE ISLAND.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Parlin, the Pioneer of Homoeopathy in Rhode Island — His Accomplishments and Politi-
cal Misfortunes — Early Homceopathic Practitioners in the Several Towns of the
State — Reminiscences, Statistics and Biography.
The pioneer of homoeopathy in Rhode Island was Dr. Louis Parlin, be-
lieved to have been a Frenchman, or of that extraction, who settled in Provi-
dence in 1839, and during the next two or three years practiced his profes-
sion and even went beyond the limits of ordinary professional duty to enlist
himself under the banner of one Dorr in an abortive attempt to overthrow the
established system of government and set up a new rule for the political
guidance of the inhabitants of that jurisdiction. Naturally, the_ Dorr move-
ment came to an abrupt end and its leaders were dispersed without severe
punishment; and Parlin who for the time had forsaken his small phials and
little doses for the weightier cause of liberty, as he understood it, found him-
self personce non grata in Rhode Island, and forsooth, to save himself from
the law — not justice, for the cause he espoused was well grounded in justice
— he left the state. Sic traitsit gloria imindi.
Whatever the justice of the political movement in which otir good Dr.
Parlin was such an earnest participant, the fact remains that his departure
from the state under cloud was greeted with allopathic approval, for tradition
says that Parlin was decidedly a man of parts, a scholar, conversant with
several foreign languages, versed in the classics, popular with the people, al-
ways a courteous gentleman, and withal, so well grounded in homoeopathic
medicine as to set at naught all the assaults of the allopathic enemy against
the doctrine promulgaated bv Hahnemann.
Dr. Parlin took his degree at old Bowdoin College at Brunswick, Maine,
but where and through just what influences, other than his own sense of ap-
preciation, he was led to accept the doctrine of similia is not now known ; nor
is it impprtant, as his professional career in Providence extended onlv from
1839 to 1842, and it is said that the scene of his later life was laid m foreign
parts. . •
Followincr Dr. Parlin's time Rhode Island for some years was a mission-
ary field for homoeopathic practitioners from New York and Boston among
whom were Dr. William Channing, who visited Providence occasionally from
iS^Q to 1841 ; Dr. Phineas Parkhurst Wells, who also visited there from his
home in Brooklyn; Dr. Josiah Foster Flagg whose labors there were directed
from his home in Boston; and Dr. Abraham Howard Okie, a product of
Allentown Academy, and who settled in Providence ^"1842^ , ,
Rhode Island never has been known as the prolific mother of homoe-
opathic societies, but such as have been formed have been of - enduring
character and instrumental in the accomplishment of much good work^^^^^^^
vancing the interests of the profession. The Rhode Island Homceopathic
276 HISTORY OF HOAICEOPATHY
Society dates its history from the year 1850, and was organized largely
through the efforts of Drs. Okie and Preston; the Hahnemann Medical So'-
ciety of Rhode Island was organized in 1854; the Ladies' Rhode Island Homoe-
opathic Hospital Aid Association in 1873, and the Rhode Island Homoeopathic
Library Association in 1877. The Rhode Island Homoeopathic Hospital, at
Providence, was incorporated in 1878 and organized in 1881.
RHODE ISLAND HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The Rhode Island Homceopathic Society was organized and a charter
secured in 1847, ^nd for a short time held quarterly meetings. On May i,
1850, Drs. A. H. Okie and H. C. Preston issued a circular to all homoeopathic
physicians in the state inviting them to meet in Providence for the purpose
of forming a state homoeopathic society ; and in response to this request a
meeting was held in that city May 11, 1850, eleven physicians present. An
organization was then effected and Dr. Okie was elected president of the
society then formed. Of the subsequent history of this pioneer organization
of homoeopathy in the state little is now known, except that it was of com-
paratively brief existence, and was succeeded by the Hahnemannian Medical
Society of Rhode Island, organized in Providence, October 21, 1854, with
these officers: Dr. A. Howard Okie, president; Dr. G. C. McKnight, vice-
president ; Dr. N. Francis Cooke, secretary and treasurer ; Drs. J. J. DeWolf
and Washington Hoppin, censors. The society began its history with seven-
teen members, but it was discontinued about 1862. In 1873 the present so-
ciety was organized. On September 23 of that year, at a meeting held in
Providence, the Rhode Island Homoeopathic Medical Society held its first
session under the reorganization, and the first annual meeting was held in
the same city January 2, 1874. At that time the officers elected were: Dr.
Ira Barrows, of Providence, president ; Dr. J. E. Wheaton, of Pawtucket,
vice-president ; Dr. G. A. Wilcox, of Providence, treasurer ; Dr. Edward B.
Knight, of Providence, secretary. For a time the society held monthly
meetings, but afterward met quarterly in April, July and October, with the
annual meeting in Providence in January. Membership in 1903, forty-seven.
The Rhode Island Homoeopathic Hospital, which passed out of existence
as an institution of the city of Providence, was incorporated in May, 1878,
and the business association for the conduct of its affairs was organized in
the latter part of 188 1. In 1885 the trustees purchased the property formerly
owned by Governor Smith, in Olney street, which was arranged and refitted
for its intended new occupancy largely through the kind offices of the Ladies'
Aid Association, the latter also having been regularly incorporated. The
hospital buildings were dedicated February 16, 1886, and the formal opening
took place March 23 following. In 1891 the property was sold under mort-
gage foreclosure proceedings.
REMINISCENCES.
In 1843 Dr. John J. De Wolf, who had been an allopathic practitioner in
Bristol, R. I., became convinced of the truth of homoeopathy and settled in
Providence.
Dr. Ira Barrows went to Providence from Norton, Mass., in 1850. In
1842, in conversation with Dr. P. P. Wells concerning the truth of homoe-
opathy he was induced to make a trial of that treatment in a number of stub-
born cases, and the result was that he continued his experiments, and after
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
277
some months became satisfied of the truth of the system and openly adopted
it in his practice in Norton. He became one of the most popular physicians
in Providence, living there for many years. His influence was largely in-
strumental in establishing homcxopathy on a firm basis in the state. Dr.
William Ezra Barrows, son of Ira, and a graduate .of the Hahnemann Med-
ical College of Philadelphia in 1871, was associated (vith his father in practice.
About 1845 Washington Hoppin entered the office of Dr. Okie as his
first student. After his graduation in 1850 he returned to Providence and
in 1857 entered into partnership with Dr. Barrows, and later with his brother,
Dr. Courtland Hoppin.
Dr. Grenville S. Stevens opened an office in Providence in 1854. Dr.
Peck, :.I. L
Addington K. Davenport graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College
of Pennsylvania in 1855, and located at Providence. He died in 1864. Dr.
William A. \'on Gottschalk settled in the city in 1855, and Dr. George D.
Wilcox, a graduate of the medical department of the University of New York,
located there about the same time. He became partner with Dr. Barrows.
Dr. Courtland Hoppin graduated from the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons of New York and located in Providence in i860. For ten years he
held the position of physician to the Protestant Orphan Asylum. Dr. Isaac
W. Sawin went to Providence in 1867. A noteworthy pioneer in Rhode
Island was Dr. Peleg Clark, who after practicing allopathy for many years,
in 1844 became convinced of the truth of homoeopathy and began to practice
278 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
it. He went to Providence from Quidnunck. Dr. Henry Canfield Preston
practiced in Providence from 1848 to 1857, removing. thence to St. Johns, N.
B. He began to practice homoeopathy in 1848. Dr. Charles G. McKnight
was one of the pioneers of the profession in Providence. He began practice
previous to 1847, for in that year he joined the American Institute of Homoe-
opathy. Dr. A. P. King was a graduate of Harvard University, and prac-
ticed allopathy in Providence for several years, but became a convert to
homoeopathy through the influence of Dr. Okie. Dr. Isaac Senter Crocker
was a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in
185 1, and afterward practiced in Providence. He died there October 26,
1866, aged thirty-eight years. Dr. M. F. Cooke also was in practice there.
Dr. Avery B. Foster graduated from the New York Homoeopathic Medical
College in 1856, attended hospital practice one year, and in 1857 settled in
Providence. Dr. George L. Barnes, a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania in 1862, settled in Providence in 1870. Drs. Charles
P. Loring, Robert Hall, George B. Peck, William Jay Smith, have also been
in practice in Providence. Dr. Peck is a leading practitioner there at the
present time.
In 1852 there were in the state of Rhode Island but twelve practitioners:
Drs. Ira Barrows, Isaac S. Crocker, John J. De Wolf, Washington Hoppin,
Charles G. McKnight, Abraham H. Okie and Henry C. Preston, located in
Providence; Dr. Peleg Clark at Coventry; Dr. Daniel H. Greene at East
Greenwich ; Dr. Amory Gale at Woonsocket ; and Charles P. Manchester and
James S. Wheaton at Pawtucket. Dr. Manchester adopted the homoeopathic
practice in 1843 ^^d made his beginning at Pawtucket. Dr. James Lucas
Wheaton graduated at the Berkshire Medical College in 1847. I" ^^^7 ^^^
Oliver Henry Arnold graduated at Harvard Medical College and the same
year settled in Pawtucket.
Dr. Charles F. Saunders, a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania in 1855, practiced in Pawtucket. He died January 4,
1862, aged twenty-nine years. Dr. C. W. Harris was located in Pawtucket
in 1847. ^is name is on the list of members of the institute for 1848.
In 1844 Dr. Peleg Clark, who was located at Centreville, became a
homoeopath. In 1853 ^^- Asa W. Brown graduated from the Cleveland
Homoeopathic Medical College and settled in Centreville, remaining two years,
and then went to Mystic Bridge, Conn. Drs. A. W. Brown and Robert Hall
were at Centreville; Dr. A. G. Sprague located in Centreville in 1866, having
been discharged from service as surgeon at the close of the war. In Slaters-
ville Dr. Flam Clark Knight practiced for a time in 1852, but went to Water-
bury, Conn. He became a convert in 1852. Dr. Allen Tillinghast gradu-
ated from the Berkshire Medical College in 1843, ^"d after practicing allop-
athy until 1854 adopted homoeopathy. He was located in Coventry. He
also practiced for a time at Clayville and Washington village. Dr. William
Hughes Richards graduated at Harvard Medical College in 1866, and the
same year began the practice of homoeopathy in Phoenix. Dr. J. B. Tilling-
hast, a graduate of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College in 1872,
commenced practice at Summit, R. I., and was in partnership with his father
there for a year. At the end of that time he located at Phoenix. In Scituate,
Dr. James E. Roberts, who had graduated at the University of New York in
1842 and who had practiced allopathy, in 1856 declared his belief in homoe-
opathy. Dr. Gilbert Clark was located at Warren for several years. Dr.
HISTORY OF HOMCROPATHY 279
Henry Boynton was for a time located at Bristol. Dr. Nathaniel Greene is
regarded as the father of homoeopathy in Newport. He studied at Brown
University and Amherst College, and commenced the practice of homceopathy
in 1850 at Newport. In 1873 ^^ withdrew from practice, leaving in his place
his partner, Dr. N. G. Stanton, a graduate of Harvard University in 1868.
Dr. Squire, a classmate, afterwards became Dr. Stanton's partner. In 1872
Dr. Nathaniel Ray Chase graduated from Hahnemann Medical College of
Philadelphia and located at New|X)rt. Dr. Tullio Suzzara Verdi commenced
the practice of homoeopathy in Newport in 1856, having just graduated from
the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania. He went to Washing-
ton in 1857.
Homoeopathy was introduced into Woonsocket in 1858 by Dr. Richard
Garrique. Dr. J. H. Knowles, who for thirty years had been an old school
practitioner, became a homoeopathist in 1850. His field of practice was
Woodville. Dr. E. G. Carpenter became his partner about 1875.
In Wakefield Dr. W. H. Hazard, who had been an allopath, began the
practice of homoeopathy in i860. In W^esterly, Dr. L. A. Palmer, who was
a graduate of the ShurtlelT Medical College of Alton, III, in 1840, practiced
allopathy for twenty years, but in 1861 became a homoeopath, being in-
duced to make the change by a fellow practitioner. Dr. William Robinson.
Dr. Robinson had practiced in Westerly for sixty years and had become con-
verted to homoeopathy by his son-in-law, Dr. Horatio Robinson, of Auburn,
N. Y., about 1856. Drs. S. M. Fletcher and Lucy A. Babcock also practiced
in Westerly.
Dr. Thomas H. Mann settled at New Shoreham on Block Island in 1870.
When he went there an allopath held full sway, but the new system soon
gained favor and within a year the old school man departed, leaving the
homoeopathic physician in control. After five years Dr. Mann found himself
in a peculiar situation, having no patients. He had cured them all, and
under his system of medication and hygiene there was little sickness. He
could not support his family on the limited practice there, and in 1876 de-
cided to leave the island, but the town council induced him to remain by voting
him a fixed annual salary of $1,800.
In 1857 there were twenty-nine homoeopathic practitioners in the state,
thirteen being in Providence. In 1870 there were thirty-six, fifteen being
in Providence; in 1875 there were forty-six in the state, twenty-seven being
in Providence; in 1887 there were 73, thirty-seven being in Providence. In
1899 there were in Providence forty-nine homoeopathic physicians, and eighty-
four in the state. In 1904 there were fifty-nine homoeopathic practitioners
in the state.
Dr. William B. Hamlin opened a homoeopathic pharmacy in Providence
in 1854, and sold in 1866 to William E. Clarke. This pharmacy, after pass-
ing through various hands, was discontinued. In 1875 Henry J. Denham
opened a pharmacy in Providence. On December i, 1877, Otis Clapp & Son
opened a branch establishment in Providence. This is still continued.
Dr. Ira Barrows, of whom incidental mention has been made, was born
in South Attleborough, Mass., November 18, 1804. He graduated from
Brown University in 1824, and at once commenced the study of medicine
with Dr. Artemus Johnson in Pawtucket. He graduated from Harvard Med-
ical School in 1827 and began practice in Pawtucket. In 1837, sufTering from
feeble health, he sold his business to Dr. Benoni Carpenter and went to Cm-
280 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
cinnati. He returned to the east in 1840 and located in Norton, Mass., thir-
teen miles from Pawtucket, where he entered into partnership with Dr. Car-
penter. This relation continued about eight months." In 1842 Dr. Barrows
adopted the homoeopathic system of practice. His rides extended through
the towns in Bristol county and into Pawtucket. Early in his practice ques-
tion arose as to his right to practice in that place after having sold his business
to Dr. Carpenter. Dr. Barrows contended that the partnership rendered
void the pledge and that his practice as a homoeopath could not affect Dr.
Carpenter, an allopath. The Massachusetts Medical Society, of which both
were members, decided against Dr. Barrows and expelled him. In 1850 he
removed to Providence and entered into partnership with Dr. George D.
Wilcox. Here he remained until his death, October 14, 1882, at the age of
seventy-eight years. He joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy in
1846. He was a founder of the Rhode Island Homoeopathic Society, and a
stalwant in his profession.
Dr. Washington Hoppin, another of the Rhode Island pioneers, was
born in Providence, January 2, 1827. In 1843 ^^ entered Brown Univer-
sity, but on account of ill health was compelled to leave before graduation.
In 1844 he began the study of medicine with Dr. Okie, attended lectures at
the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York and afterward at the
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1850.
He then returned to Providence and entered into a partnership with Dr. Ira
Barrows, and later with his own brother. Dr. Courtland Hoppin. He died
April I, 1867, leaving a widow and five children.
Dr. Courtland Hoppin was born in Providence, September 5, 1834. He
graduated from Brown University in 1855, ^^^^ medicine with Drs. Barrow
and Hoppin, and graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in
New York in i860. He practiced in Providence until his death, October 19,
1876.
Dr. Peleg Clarke was born in Richmond, R. I., August 5, 1784. He
studied medicine with Dr. Nathan Knight, of South Kingston, and with Dr.
Caleb Fiske, of Johnston. In 1808 he commenced practice in Johnston, where
he continued until 1813. In that year he attended lectures at the medical
department of Brown University. Jn 1832 he went to Coventry, practicing
there until 1844. He then adopted homoeopathy, and practiced it in Coven-
try for some years, but later went to East Providence, where he died January
1, 1875, in his ninety-first year. He had practiced for sixty years, his circuit
extending through the villages on the north and south branches of the Paw-
tuxet river in central Rhode Island. He was a founder of the Rhode Island
Homoeopathic Society; joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy in
1846; was a petitioner for the charter for the first medical society in the state;
was an active temperance reformer, and an earnest anti-slavery advocate.
Of him William Lloyd Garrison wrote : " By those who knew him well he
was equally revered and beloved; and to them his memory will be ever
precious."
Dr. Daniel H. Green was born in East Greenwich, April 15, 1807. He
studied with Dr. Caleb Fiske, of Scituate, and after completing his medical
education opened an office at Natick, where he practiced eight years. In
1840 he removed to East Greenwich, where he afterward lived. He also
maintained an office in Providence. He became a believer in homoeopathy in
1850.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 281
Dr. Isaac Warren Sawin was born in Dover, Norfolk county, Mass.,
December 30, 1823. He studied medicine with Dr. P. T. Bowen, of Provi-
dence, and graduated from the Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine
at Cleveland in 1857. He then located in Centre Dale, near Providence, and
remained there several years, removing to Providence in 1867. Dr. Gren-
ville Smith Stevens was born in Raynham, Mass., July 10, 1829. He gradu-
ated from Brown University in 1852. studied medicine with Drs. Barrows
and Graves, of Taunton, and with Dr. Okie, of Providence. He attended
medical lectures at the Pittsfield Medical School, and at the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons of New York, where he graduated in 1854. In July of
the same year, during the cholera epidemic, he went to Chicago. He re-
mained there three weeks when, being taken ill, he returned to the east and
in August, 1854, opened an office in Providence, where he established a large
practice.
Dr. Nathaniel Greene was born in Cumberland Island, Ga., about 1808.
He became a homoeopath in 1850, and practiced for many years in Newport.
He withdrew from practice in 1873 and removed to Middletown, R. I., where
he passed the rest of his life. He died the first week in July, 1899.
Dr. George D. Wilcox was born in West Greenwich, August 28, 1825,
and graduated from the University of New York. In 1856 he began prac-
tice in Providence. Later on he studied in Germany and London, returning
in i860. He died suddenly July 23, 1897.
Dr. William von Gottschalk was born at Wahau, Saxony, near Leipsic,
November 12, 1826, and was a graduate of Leipsic University. In 1848 he
joined the revolutionary movement in Germany and was obliged to flee. He
first sought refuge near Baden Baden, but afterward went to Switzerland,
where he lived during the years 1849 and 1850, part of that time acting as a
dentist's assistant. He then came to New York and in connection with the
practice of medicine carried on a drug store. While there, through the in-
fluence of Dr. Charles J. Hempel, he became a convert to homoeopathy. In
1854 he went to Paris to perfect himself in medicine. He returned to
America in 1855 and settled at Providence. He established a large practice
and became one of the best known homoeopathic physicians of his time. He
was a leader among his fellow countrymen, and was styled " the father of
the German Leiderkranz," and also was forward in other of the German
societies. His death occurred on Monday, September 15. 1888. Dr. Henry
Canfield Preston was born in New York city, March 5, 1822. He was a
graduate of Trinity School in Hartford in 1842. He attended medical lec-
tures at the University of Pennsylvania and the University of New York,
graduating from the latter institution in 1844. He commenced practice as
an allopath in Windsor, Conn. In 1846 he married and removed to Hart-
ford, where he investigated homoeopathy and became convinced of its truth.
In the spring of 1848 he went to Providence and at once began practice. He
remained there until the spring of 1858, when he located in St. Johns, N. B.
Dr. Amor}- Gale was born in Warwick, Mass., in 1800. He attended
medical lectures at Dartmouth College and Brown University, graduating
from the latter institution in 1824. He then commenced practice at Royal-
ston, Mass., and after one year removed to Barre. He practiced allopathy
at Barre, Amherst, N. H., and Scituate, Mass. In South Scituate he studied
theologv and was ordained evangelist at Kingston. ^lass., in 1844. While
282
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
in the ministry he investigated the claims of homoeopathy and through the
influence of his friend, Dr. Barrows, became convinced of its truth; and
about 1850, when bronchial troubles compelled his retirement from the pul-
pit, he began practice at Woonsocket. He died February 20, 1873, aged
seventy-two years.
Homoeopathic practitioners in Rhode Island from 1839 to i860. The
date preceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice
of homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally
was of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician prac-
ticed medicine before the date given.
1857 Aldrich, H. Brands Iron Works 1857
1842 Barrows, Iwa * Providence 1850
1857 Beverly, Julia Providence 1852
1853 Brown, Asa W. Centerville 1843
1844 Clark, Peleg * Coventry 1846
1851 Crocker, Isaac S. Providence i860
1843 DeWolf, John J. * Providence 1857
1855 Davenport, Addington K. Provi- 1857
dence 1857
1840 Flagg, Josiah F. * Providence 1842
T856 Foster, Avery B. Providence 1839
1850 Gale, Amory Woonsocket 1861
1858 Garrick, Richard Woonsocket 1848
1854 Gottschalk, Wm. A. von * Providence 1856
1850 Green, Daniel H. * Natick 1856
1850 Green, Nathaniel * Newport 1855
1859 Green, Wm. Bowen * Providence 1857
1850 Hoppin, Washington Providence 1854
i860 Hoppin, Courtland Providence 1854
i860 Hazard, W. H. * Wakefield 1856
1853 Hall, Robert Centerville 1847
1846 Harris, C. W. Pawtucket 1856
1857 King, A. P. * X Providence 1842
King, H. X Natick
Knowles, J. H. * Woodville
Knight, Elam C. Slatersville
Manchester, Chas F. * Pawtucket
McKnight, Chas. G. Providence
Mowrey, Mrs. H. M. Providence
Nicholas, C. E. x Clayville
Nichols, J. S. X Woonsocket
Nutting, T. x Georgiaville
Okie, A. H. Providence *
Parlin, Louis * Providence
Palmer, L. A. * Westerly
Preston, Henry C. Providence
Roberts, James E. * S. Scituate
Robinson, William Westerly
Saunders, Chas F. Pawtucket
Sawin, Isaac W. Centerdale
Stevens, Grenville S. Providence
Tillinghast, Allen * Washington
Verdi, Tullio S. Newport
Wheaton, Lucas Pawtucket
Wilcox, George D. Providence
Wells, Phineas P. * Providence
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 283
CHAPTER XVni
HOMOEOPATHY IN KENTUCKY.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
A Hospitable Welcome Greets Homoeopathy in Kentucky — Bernstein, the Pioneer,
Finds Warm Friends among the Allopaths — Their Estimate of his Worth —
Early Practitioners in Various Parts of the State — A Chapter of Statistics,
Reminiscences and Biography.
Quite unlike the reception accorded the pioneers of homoeopathy in many
other states of the union, Kentucky and its allopathic practitioners greeted
the advent of Dr. I. G. Rosenstein in Louisville with cordial welcome, ad-
mitted him to their most intimate friendships, and showed him many other
evidences of fraternal regard, even if he was indeed the exponent of a new
and to them untried medical system. But then, this somewhat unusual treatment
of the representative of an opposing school by the allopathic physicians of
Louisville is not really surprising when we consider the hospitable, generous na-
ture of the Kentuckians at the time of which we write, and before and after-
ward.
Early homoeopathic history in Kentucky records that Dr. Rosenstein
originally was an allopathic physician and when he took up his abode in Louis-
ville in 1839 it was as a disciple of the Hahnemannian school, but whence
he came and his final end no biographer gives any clear light. We only
know that he was in the city just mentioned until 1842 and then left for the
far south; but he left an impress upon the times in the publication in 1840 of
his " Theory and Practice of Homoeopathy," a work which attracted consid-
erable attention and evoked complimentary allusion from his own and the
opposing school of medicine, for his utterances were fair, rational and just,
granting to the allopathic system the right to exist, and asserting for that
to which he was a convert undeniable supremacy.
KENTUCKY STATE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
In a letter written November 30. 1849, to the " Southwestern Journal
of Homoeopathy," Dr. Huff said : " The homoeopathists of Kentucky have
held a convention in this city and organized a society called the Kentucky
State Homoeopathic Society. Homoeopathy is gaining ground in this state
since its unparalleled succes in the treatment of Asiatic cholera has been made
manifest." Little is now known of this old pioneer society of homoeopaths
except that it was among the earliest institutions of its kind in the south.
The Kentucky State Homoeopathic Medical Society, the present organiza-
tion and probably the successor to the society just mentioned, was organized
in Louisville, May 7, 1873, with these officers : Dr. Henry W. Kohler of
Louisville, president ; Dr. W. H. Blakeley of Bellevue, vice-president ; Dr. J.
W. Kline of Louisville, secretary. Later on Dr. W. L. Breyfogle was hon-
ored with the permanent presidency of the society ; but the organization, like
284 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
its predecessor, at length became decadent, and was finally revived and re-
organized in Lexington, July 14, 1886, with about thirty constituent mem-
bers. The officers then chosen were Dr. J. A. Lucy oi Georgetown, president;
Dr. George M. Ockford of Lexington, vice-president ; Dr. S. M. Wadsworth
of Versailles, recording secretary ; Dr. C. P. Meredith of Eminence, corre-
sponding secretary ; Dr. J. A. VanSant of Alount Sterling, treasurer ; Drs. A.
Leight Monroe of Louisville, H. C. Kasselman of Midway and O. H. Buck of
Paris, censors ; Drs. J. T. VanSant of Paris, H. C. Kehoe of Cynthiana and
W. PL Dougherty of Corinth, auditors. This society was incorporated in
1888. It meets annually alternately in Louisville and Lexington. Mem-
bership, 75.
The Western Kentucky Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in
Princeton, January 10, 1892 ; membership in 1903, 35.
REMINISCENCES.
Among Rosenstein's acquaintances in Louisville were Drs. McDowell,
Meriwether and Bell, all old school practitioners, each of whom took occa-
sion to say some kind word for their proselyted friend. These remembrances
of the pioneer of homceopathy in the region under consideration are worthy
of reproduction in these annals, especially as they tend to show that Jordan
is not always " a hard road to travel," even in the vicissitudes of homoe-
opathic pioneer life. In speaking of his relations with Rosenstein, Dr. Mc-
Dowell wrote : " My acquaintance with you has been sufficient to induce
the belief that you possess the science and the ability to furnish, in a candid
treatise, a fair exposition of homoeopathy ; an exposition which will at least
suffice to indicate to the profession whether a translation of Hahnemann's
ponderous quartos would be worth the trouble. And I hope, sir, that you
will be duly encouraged to prosecute your design to that effect."
Dr. Meriwether wrote : " Since Dr. Rosenstein's introduction into our
city I have cultivated habits of unrestrained intimacy with him, because I
believe him to be an amiable gentleman as well as a refined and learned phy-
sician. In this way I have been thrown in contact with a great amount of
homoeopathic practice. I am at length prepared to say, without hesitation,
though I do not comprehend the modus operandi of his remedies, that his
surprising success, in many cases apparently hopeless, has astonished me to
such an extent as to induce me to pause and wonder. I am therefore con-
strained to say, finally, in relation to Dr. Rosenstein's contemplated publica-
tion, that I most cordially give him and his laudable enterprise my best
wishes, believing that if his system is false it will only be ' as a tale that is
told ' and readily pass under the wave of oblivion, but, if true, it will be on-
ward in its career, even amidst the moral cut-throats who may maliciously
array themselves against it, for the same reasons that influenced Demetrius
in denouncing the redeeming doctrines which Saul of Tarsus preached on
the subject of Christianity."
This is the only time in the history of the progress of homoeopathy in
the United States when the allopathic physicians of a town were fair enough
to give the system a reasonable hearing ; and this occurred at a period when
calumny, ridicule, villification, and legal efforts were resorted to to prevent the
spread of the system.
Dr. C. E. Rrevfoglc suggests that Dr. Rosenstein located in Louisville
HISTORY OF HOMCF.OPATHY
285
as early as 1838. His book, " Theory and Practice of Homceopathy," was a
work of 288 pages. It gave a general description of the system, opinions of
allopathic physicians on medicine, reviews of writings against homoeopathy,
a short life of Hahnemann, a description of the homceopathic materia medica,
certain chapters on hygiene, and the state of homoeopathy in Europe, quoted
from Dr. Hull's article published at that time in the " Homoeopathic Ex-
aminer." In 1836 Dr. Rosenstein had written " A Treatise upon a New Man-
ner of Medical Practice called Homoeopathic, eludicated by comparing the
High Station of Homoeopathic with the usual Mode of Practice, called AUo-
pathie. Dedicated to our Patients, and to the Friends of Truth and Human-
Wm. L. Breyfogle, M. D.
ity. By I. G. Rosenstein, M. D., allied in practice with two skillful homce-
opathic physicians, M. Bigler and M. Seitz, Albany. 1836."
The relationship with Drs. Biegler and Seitz in Albany continued
only a few months, during which time Dr. Rosenstein went to Louisville.
He was a man of learning and scientific attainments.
Dr. Logue settled the same year in Louisville, where he remained in
practice until 1845, when he became associated with Dr. Richard Angell, who
had been engaged in practice in Mississippi, and who went to Louisville
in 1844. It was while in that city that he investigated homoeopathy.
Dr. Angell writes of himself: "My full name is Richard Angell. I
graduated at Columbia Medical College, Washington city, in the year 1826.
286 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
My present address is New Orleans, La., where I have resided since 1854.
Previous to that time I practiced in Alabama, Mississippi and Louisville, Ky.
I began to practice homoeopathy in the year 1844 at Louisville, Ky."
Soon after 1845 Dr. Logue went to New Orleans. Dr. Angell continued
in Louisville until 1847, when the feeble health of his wife compelled him
to return south, and he went to Huntsville, Ala., remaining there until 1855,
when he went to New Orleans and in connection with his son took charge
of the Orphans' House on Seventh street.
Dr. Campbell located in Louisville about 1845, and remained there in
practice until 1855, when he was killed by being thrown from his horse.
Dr. Edward Caspari located in Louisville in 1846 and remained there
until his death in 1870.
Dr. E. Huff located in Louisville in 1849. I" Kirby's " American Jour-
nal of Homoeopathy " is a letter from Dr. Huff stating that the homoeopathists
of Kentucky have held a convention in Louisville and organized a state Homoe-
opathic Society. He says : "Homoeopathy is gaining ground in this state
since its unparalleled success in the treatment of Asiatic cholera has been
made manifest. The number of practitioners' is steadily increasing and t|ie
doctrine is becoming more and more popular daily among thq most intelli-
gent of our community. The editors of our papers are now favorable to it,
and their columns opened to us for anything pertaining to it."
Here, as in Ohio and New York, homoeopathy scored a triumph with this
terrible disease. The practitioners of the new system were not afraid to
test the methods of Hahnemann in a disease that baffled the practitioners of
the old school, and homoeopathy stood the test.
The next arrival was Dr. H. W. Koehler, who was a graduate of Mar-
burg, Germany. Dr. Armstrong settled in Louisville in 1850. In 1857 the
following homoeopathic physicians were in practice in Louisville : Drs. J.
K. Clark, C. Ehrmann, T. Meurer, L. Van Buren. At that time there were
only thirteen homoeopathic physicians in the state. In 1859 Dr. Kueffner
and Dr. Lewis Ehrmann settled in Louisville.; in 1862 Dr. Swift; in 1867
Drs. Bernard and Charles W. Breyfogle; in 1869 Dr. William L. Breyfogle;
in 1871 Dr. D. W. Pierce, and in 1873 Drs. J. W. Klein. R. D. Poole and
John R. Pirtle. Dr. Charles W. Breyfogle entered into partnership with Dr.
Caspari, but in 1872 was compelled through ill health to go to San Jose, Cali-
fornia. In 1870 Dr. Caspari sold his interest in the business to Dr. William
L. Breyfogle, who, after his brother's departure, associated with Dr. R. W.
Pierce, a graduate of the Louisville LIniversitv and who had been for twenty
years a practitioner of the old school and a convert to homoeopathy.
Edward Caspari was a native of Prussia. He came to America in the
early thirties, settled in Philadelphia and became a student under Hering
and one of his followers at Allentown Academv, from which institution he
was graduated. It is said that he practiced in Chester county, Penna., about
1835. After graduation he went to Norfolk, Virginia, practiced there sev-
eral years and afterward in the region of Ohio called the Western Reserve,
and in 1846 located in Louisville. In that city he built up a successful prac-
tice, and founded, in 1867, an institution near the city, where he employed
homoeopathy and hydropathy together. He arranged with Dr. Charles W.
Brevfogle to attend his practice in the city while he devoted his own atten-
tion to the management of his private enterprise, to which he gave the name
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 287
" Rock Spring Water Cure of Purvee Valley." Dr. Caspar! died March 5,
1870, aged sixty-one years.
Dr. Clark, of whom mention has been made, left Louisville in i860, and
Dr. Lewis Ehrmann went to St. Louis in 1870. In 1857 there were four
homoeopathic physicians in Louisville ; twelve in 1870, sixteen in 1880, the
same in 1890, twenty-seven in 1899, and thirty in 1904.
Dr. William Murphy introduced the homceopathic system in eastern
Kentucky about 1850. He was a graduate in 1846 from Transylvania Uni-
versity, and afterward practiced allopathy four years at Hanging Rock,
Lawrence county, Ohio, then returned to his native place, Maysville, and took
up the practice of homoeopathy. He was succeeded by Dr. Jonathan R. Pad-
dock, a graduate of Worthington Medical College in 1827, and afterward
one of its professors. He retired from active work soon after the war. Dr.
William H. McGranaghan, his former student and a graduate of the Eclec-
tic Medical College of Cincinnati, abandoned that school of practice and be-
came a homoeopath ; and his son, William H. McGranaghan, junior, a grad-
uate of Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1876, was afterward
associated in practice with his father. Among the other early homoeopathic
practitioners in Maysville mention may be made of Drs. George W. Martin,
who began in 1866, and Maurice H. Phister in 1874.
Dr. George I. Bauer crossed the Ohio river from Cincinnati in 1847
and settled in Covington, where after a few months he was succeeded by
Dr. Robert B. Lnyd. Dr. John W. Fox, a graduate of the Homoeopathic
Medical College of Pennsylvania, located in Covington in 1854, remained
there until 1861 and then went to San Francisco. In 1856 Dr. WilHam
Henry Hunt, a graduate in 1855 of the Jefferson Medical College of Phila-
delphia, became a convert to homoeopathy and settled in Covington. His
brother, a graduate of Pulte Medical College, became associated with him in
1872. In i860 Dr. James T. Gushing located in Covington, and was followed
in 1861 by Dr. Jeremiah Havnes, and the latter in turn, in 1867, by Dr. J.
Russ. In 1869 Dr. E. S. Stuart, and in 1872 Dr. William M. Murphy, the
latter the pioneer homoeopath in Maysville, were in practice in Covington.
Dr. F. von Kranenburg, who was a graduate in 1850 of the Leyden Medical
College in the Netherlands and who had become a homoeopathist in 1858,
went to Covington, although his chief practice was in Cincinnati. Dr. E.
M. Hunt went there in 1875.
Dr. Henry Gunkel settled at Newport about 1856. Dr. J. Russ Haynes
settled there in 1866, remaining eight years. In 1872 Dr. E. W. Reany went
there.
In Lexington in 1857 Drs. A. Lehr and I. K. Minton were in practice.
Dr. J. K; ^lorton was there about 1854 and Dr. L. N. Howard in 1872.
In 1857 Drs. E. D. and M. E. Payne were at Bowling Green ; Dr. A. H.
Flanders was at Danville, but was called to the chair of chemistry in the
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1858. He lectured one ses-
sion and then he located in \A'illiamsburgh, N. Y.
In 1857 Dr. D. J. Gish was located at Hopkinsville, Dr. Cushmg at
Sandv, and Dr. S. Sands at Trenton.
In 1872 Drs. Alonson Bishop and James George Hunt established a
sanitarium in Cloverport, at the White Sulphur and Tar Springs. Dr. Cas-
par! also at one time conducted a sanitarium in Kentucky.
In 1857 there were thirteen homoeopathic physicians in the state; the
288
HISTORY OF HO^ICEOPATHY
number in 1875 was thirty-five; in 1880, sixty-eight; in 1885, ninety-two;
in 1895, one hundred and five ; and in 1904, one hundred and seventeen.
Homoeopathic physicians in Kentucky previous to and including the
year 1870. The date preceding the name indicates the year the physician be-
gan the practice of homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the prac-
titioner originally was of some other school; the character x indicates that
the physician practiced medicine before the date given.
1843 Angell, Richard Louisville 1859
1850 Armstrong, Dr. Louisville 1848
1847 Bauer, George L Covington 1858
1867 Bernard. Dr. Louisville 1857
1868 Breyfogle, Chas- W. Louisville' 1842
1868 Breyfogle, Wm. L. Louisville 1848
1835 - Caspari, Edward Louisville 1866
1857 Campbell, — Louisville 1858
1858 Clark, J. K. Louisville 1857
i860 Cushing, James T. Sandy 1857
1852 Ehrmann, Christian Louisville 1857
1859 Ehrmann, Lewis P. Louisville 1853
1854 Fox, John W. Covington 1850
1857 Flanders, A. H. x Danville 1855
1857 Gish, D. J. X Hopkinsville 1857
1854 Gunkel, Henry Newport 1857
1861 Haynes, Jeremiah Covington 1836
1865 Haynes, J. Russ Covington ^857
.... Hubbell, L. 1857
1850 Hunt, James George Covington ^869
1856 Hunt, William H. Covington 1856
1849 Huff, E. Louisville
Keuffner, — Louisville
Koehler, H. W- Louisville
Kranenburg, F. von * Covington
Lehr, A. x Lexington
Logue, Dr. Louisville
Lynd, Robert R. Covington
Martin, George W. Maysville
McGranaghan, Wm. H. * Maysville
Metcalfe, Thomas x Louisville
Meurer, T. x Louisville
Minton, L K. x '
Morton, J. K. Lexington
Murphy, Wm. M. * Maysville
Paddock, Jonathan R. * Maysville
Payne, E. D. x Bowling Green
Payne, M. E. x Bowling Green
Rosenstein, L G. Louisville
Sands, S. x Trenton
Swift, — X
Stuard, E. S. Covington
Van Beuren, L. H. Louisville
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY zm
CHAPTER XIX
HOMOEOPATHY IX NEW HAMPSHIRE.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D. '
Dr. Moses Atwood, a Convert of Gregg's, the Pioneer of Homoeopathy in New
Hampshire — The State Homoeopathic Medical Society — Early Practitioners in
the Several Counties.
Homoeopathy in New Hampshire — the " Old Granite State " — belongs to
what is known as the second epoch in the history of the system promulgated
by Hahnemann, and dates from the year 1840, when Dr. Moses Atwood,
who had been a student of Dr. Gregg of Boston, located in little Frances-
town in Hillsborough county and began practice there. His stay was short,
however, and he afterward carried the doctrine into Nashua, then to Con-
cord, then to Manchester, and finally to New Boston, where his life's work
was closed in 1850. As Dr. Gallinger has said : " His name is held in sweet
remembrance as the pioneer of homoeopathy in the state." Record and tra-
dition both say that Closes Atwood was a capable physician, deeply interested
in his work and especially in the welfare of the school of medicine to which
he was the direct means of bringing several converts. He did not live, how-
ever, to take part in the organization of the first medical society, although
some of those whom he was instrumental in proselyting were among its
founders.
The New Hampshire Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at a
meeting of homctopathic physicians held in Concord, June 3, 185 1, and on
January 8, 1853. it was incorporated under the laws of the state. In June
following the society completed its permanent organization and since that
time has maintained a healthful existence. The incorporators were Alpheus
Merrill and Hamilton J. M. Gate of Concord; Israel Herrick of Lyndebor-
ough ; Joshua F". Whittle of Nashua ; Emil Custer of Manchester ; John Le
Bosquet of Greenfield : James Peterson of Weare ; and A. W. Pike of Dover,
Since its organization meetings of the society have been held with reason-
able regularity, the fixed place of the annual assemblage being Concord, the
capital city of the state. The present membership is about seventy-five phy-
sicians, which represents nearly the strength of the homoeopathic profession
in the state.
The only other homoeopathic society of a general character is that known
as the Northern New Hampshire Homoeopathic Medical Society, which was
organized in 1874. These comprise the chief institutions of homoeopathy
in New Hampshire, and other than as herein mentioned the history of the
system is written in the lives of the exemplars who have practiced within
the borders of "the state during the past three score years. It cannot be said
that the state is non-progressive in homoeopathic history, for such is not the
case; the seed sown by Atwood in 1840 became firmly rooted in the soil and
has yielded bountifully in later years, although the profession here as else-
where has recorded little of its own history.
290
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
REMINISCENCES.
In Weare, twelve miles from Francestown, Dr. James Peterson had been
for several years a practitioner of the old school, but was persuaded through
the influence of Dr. Atwood to adopt the practice of Hahnemann. Of his
conversion Dr. Peterson himself said : " Dr. Moses Atwood was the first
practitioner of homoiopathy in New Hampshire ; myself the second. I pre-
scribed my first globule in 1843." Dr. Peterson practiced many years at Weare
and died there April 8, 1870. He was called into many towns of Hillsbor-
ough county, and his name as a successful practitioner extended through all
Joshua F. Whittle, M. D.
that region. In the same year, 1843, Dr. Joshua F. Whittle, a nephew and
student of Dr. Peterson, graduated from the Castleton Medical College and
settled in Nashua, then a city, and distant from Weare about forty miles.- He
continued in practice in Nashua until his death, August 17, 1888, at the age
of seventy-eight years. The next convert was Dr. Israel Herrick, who was
in practice at Lyndeborough, another small town a few miles from Frances-
town. He began the practice of homoeopathy in 1844, and died February
18, 1866, aged seventy-one years.
Dr. S. A. Bard of Francestown began to practice homoeopathy about
1844. In 1847 Dr. Willard Parkman Gambell located in that place. He had
graduated at Pittsfield in 1845, ^"d spent a year or more in investigating the
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
291
homoeopathic system. He remained in Francestown ten years, then went to Hav-
erhill, Mass., and thence to Boston, where he died December i, 1887. The next
practitioner in Francestown was Dr. Levi Pierce, who located there in 1857.
He had graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania
in 1854. He remained two years and then went to New London, Conn., and
in 1864 to a town in Massachusetts. He died April 28, 1891.
Dr. Pierce was followed by Dr. Andrew J. Moulton, who at the begin-
ning of the war of 1861-65 enlisted as a private and was reported missing
after the battle of the Wilderness. He now lies in an unknown grave. He
was a graduate of the Cleveland Homoeopathic College in i860.
The next to practice in Francestown was Dr. Thomas E. Fisher, who has
Oliver L. Bradford, M. D.
been there for many years. Drs. A. J. Todd and Edwin D. Stevens have also
been located there.
In 1850 Dr. Oliver A. Woodbury located at Nashua, remaining there
until his death in March, 1875. In 1870 only Drs. Whittle and Woodbury
were located in Nashua. From 1875 to 1880 there were Drs. Whittle and
Charles Sumner Collins, the latter a graduate in 1875 of the Boston Univer-
sity School of Medicine. In 1899 Dr. Henry H. Jewell, a graduate in 1882
of Hahnemann College of Chicago, settled in Nashua. In 1904, Drs. Collins,
Jewell and Rouncevel were located there.
In 1855 Dr. Freeman Horton associated with Dr. Peterson in Weare,
2^'^ HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
remaining there three years, when he went to Lynn. Mass., Avhere he died
March 3, 1861. Dr. James P. Whittle also practiced in Weare. .
Homoeopathy was introduced into Concord in 1844 by Dr. Augustus
Frank, who came from Boston, remained two years, then he went to Man-
chester, and later to Norwich, Conn. In 1845' Dr. At wood settled in Con-
cord, and in 1849 Dr. Alpheus Morrill, a graduate of Dartmouth College in
1832 and a convert to homoeopathy in 1843, settled there. He was succeeded
by his sons, Drs. Shadrach C. and E. Morrill. In 185 1 Dr. Hamilton J. M.
Cate, a graduate of 1849 of the Woodstock Medical College, went to Con-
cord and practiced there until 1855, when he removed to Northampton, Mass.
He was succeeded in 1856 by Dr. Ferdinand Gustav Oehme, who remained
for ten years. Dr. J. C. Baker also practiced there but removed in 1857 to
Middleboro, Mass. Dr. Jacob H. Gallinger settled in Concord in 1862, and
still lives there. Dr. Isaac Colby began practice in Concord in 1846. In
1857 Drs. J. C. Baker, Isaac Colby, Alpheus Morrill and F. G. Oehme were
located in Concord; in 1875, Drs. Edward H. Foster, J. H. Gallinger. Shad-
rach M. Morrill, and Ezekiel Morrill; in 1880, Dr. J. C. Moore; in 1887, Drs.
Joseph Chase, Jr., J. H. Gallinger, Ezekiel Morrill, B. D. Peaslee and Moses
Whitcomb; in 1899 Drs. J. H. Gallinger, Almond W. Hill, Maude H. Kent,
A. B. Morrill. E. Morrill, George F. Roby and Arthur F. Sumner; in 1904,
Drs. Alpheus E. ]\iorrill, Ezekiel Morrill, A. F. Sumner, J. H. Gallinger and
Almon W. Hill.
Dr. Aaron H. Atwood introduced homoeopathy into Manchester. He
was a nephew of Moses Atwood, the pioneer, and an allopathic graduate. In
1847 Dr. Emil Custer became his partner. A few years later Dr. Atwood
went to Virginia and died there. In 1844 or 1845 Dr. Henry C, Parker be-
came a convert to homoeopathy and began practice in Manchester, where he
remained until his death, December 8, 1861. In 1853 Dr. Charles H. Walker
graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania and located
in Manchester. He remained there several years and then went to Chelsea,
Mass. In 1856 Dr. Israel P. Chase, a graduate of the homoeopathic college
at Cleveland, came from Richmond, Va., practiced for a time in Manchester,
and later removed to Henniker.
The pioneer homoeopath in Keene was Dr. D. White, who went there
about 1850. He seems to have been both energetic and zealous in his work,
and in connection with his practice published for a short time the " Homoe-
opathic Advocate and Guide to Health." Dr. William B. Chamberlain located
at Keene in 1854. remaining there until 1863, when he went to Fitchburg,
Mass. He was followed by Dr. Henrv H. Darling, and later by Dr. G. W.
Flagg. In 1855 Dr. James Chester Freeland entered into partnership with
Dr. Chamberlain in Keene. Dr. Joseph C. Baker practiced there in 1857.
Drs. Francis Brick, J. H. Darling, Frank D. Worcester and John F. Jenni-
son are also to be mentioned among the homoeopathic physicians of Keene.
Dr. Richter located at Portsmouth in 1850, and Dr. J. S. Donaldson in
1874.
In 1857 Drs. Richter, Parant and Parrv were there. Drs. F. L. Bene-
dict, H. F. Clark, S. J. Donaldson, R. C. Grant, F. L. Snell. Tristram Rogers,
have also practiced in Portsmouth.
Homoeopathv was introduced into Peterboro by Mr. Seavev, a layman.
In 1867 Dr. Oliver Leech Bradford settled there, remaining until 1875, when
he went to Fitchburg, Mass., where he is still located. He was followed in
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
293
Peterboro by Dr. Levi Dodge, who remained until 1873 ^ind then went to
Fall River, Mass. Drs. Harry M. Morse, Mary T. Kimball, F. A. Hodgdon
and Mrs. M. INIarcy have been located there.
In 1856 Dr. David D. Moore was in practice at Lake Village, Belknap
county. Drs. J. Clifford Moore and Thomas M. Sanborn also have practiced
there.
In Dover the first homoeopathic practitioner was Dr. A. W. Pike. He
was succeeded in 1853 by Dr. E. AI. Jones, who remained until September,
1854, and then went to Alassachusetts. His place was filled by Dr. Jerome
Harris. Dr. Harris graduated from Bowdoin College in 1830, practiced allo-
pathy until 1845 s"d then adopted homoeopathy. In 1856 he went to New-
buryport, Mass., exchanging places with Dr. William E. Thompson. Dr.
Thompson remained at Dover until 1865, when he went to Augusta, Me. He
was succeeded by Dr. J. W. Drake. In 1854 Dr. C. H. Horsch located in
Dover. Drs. Eugene B. Cushing, Jason W. Drake, Florelia Estes, George R.
Smith, J. Nelson Ricardo, N. M. Payne and Mary E. Nutter have also prac-
ticed in Dover.
In Wilton Dr. Israel Herrick visited patients previous to 1854. In that year
Dr. William A. Jones, a graduate of the Cleveland Homoeopathic Medical Col-
lege, located there. Dr. A. Herrick also introduced homoeopathy into Milford. Dr.
O. O. Roberts was the first resident physician in that town, having located
there in 1854. A few years later removed to Northampton, Mass., and was
succeeded in Milford by Dr. H, J. M. Cate. Other and later practitioners
in Milford have been Drs. ^larston. L. W. Wilkins, W^ H. W. Hinds, J. W.
Finerty, ^Irs. Marv A. Lull and W. H. W. Hinds, Jr.
As early as 1855 Dr. L. T. Weeks settled at Canterbury. In 1856 Dr.
Albert Lindsay settled in Laconia. Dr. Levi Judson Pierce, a graduate in
i860 of the Homoeopathic ]\Iedical College of Pennsylvania, located in Ant-
rim and practiced there until his death in 1863. Dr. J. Morris Christie has
for many years been in practice in Antrim. He became a convert from the
allopathic school in 1863. In 1868 Dr. Edwin A. Knight, a graduate of the
New York Homoeopathic Aledical College, settled for practice in Lebanon,
having removed there from Boston, Mass.
Homoeopathic physicians in New Hampshire between the years 1839 and
i860. The date preceding the name indicates the year the physician began
the practice of homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner
originally was of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physi-
cian practiced medicine before the date given.
1839 Atwood, Moses, Francestown
1845 Atwood, Aaron H. * Manchester
1856 Baker, Joseph C. Concord
1851 Cate, H. J. M. Milford
1846 Colby, Isaac * Concord
1857 Colby, E. L. X Claremont
1854 Chamberlain, Wm. B. Keene
1857 Chapman, F. D. x Haverhill
1854 Chase, Israel P. Manchester
1857 Colcord, A. D. x Sutton
1847 Custer, Emil Manchester
1858 Cummings, E. P. Exeter
1857 Flanders, T. x Durham
1848 Freeland, James C. * Keene
1857 Foster, P. A. x Shaker Village
1844 Frank, Augustus Concord
1847 Gambell, Willard P. Francestown
i860 Gallinger, Jacob H. * Concord
1845 Harris, Jerome * Dover
1844 Herrick. Israel * Lyndeborough
1854 Horsch, C. H. Dover
1855 Horton. Freeman * Weare
1854 Jones, William A. Wilton
1853 Jones, E. M. Dover
.... Jenness, E. Rochester
1856 Lindsay, Albert Laconia
1857 Le Bosquet, John x Greenfield
1843 Morrill, Alpheus * Concord
294
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
I8S5 Moore, D. R. Lake Village 1S54
i860 Moulton, Andrew J. Francestown 1850
1854 Oehme, F. G. * Concord 1856
1849 Parker, Henry C. Bedford 1857
1843 Peterson, James * Weare 1847
1857 Perry, — x Portsmouth 1855
1857 Parant, — x Portsmouth 1843
1857 Patterson, D. Groton 1850
1850 Pike, A. W. Dover 1850
i860 Pierce, Levi Judson Antrim
Roberts, Osmore O. Milford
Richter, E. Portsmouth
Thompson, William E. Dover
Volkes, — X Claremont
Walker, Charles H. Manchester
Weeks, Lorain T. * Canterbury
Whittle, Joshua F. Nashua
Woodbury, Oliver A. Nashua
White, D. Keene
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 295
CHAPTER XX
HOMOEOPATHY IN INDIANA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Dr. Isaac Coe, the Pioneer of HonKieopathy in Indiana, was Hull's Converted Allopath
— Outspreading of the Practice in the State— The State and Other Homoeopathic
Medical Societies — Recollections of Early Practitioners — A Table of Converts.
Well authenticated records state that homoeopathy first found its way
into Indiana in 1840 through the medium of one Dr. Isaac Coe, a physician
of the allopathic school and a convert to homoeopathy through the offices of
that noble old defender of the faith, A. Gerald Hull of New York city. Hull
always was known by his works, and a careful analysis of homoeopathic his-
tory in the eastern states will reveal in some manner the immediate associa-
tion of his name with that of the earliest exemplars of the new doctrine. Hull
treated Co» for a bodily ailment, and cured him, which so impressed the
learned allopath that he readily listened to Hull's instructions on the sub-
ject of homoeopathic materia medica and the basic principles of the doctrine
of Hahnemann ; and listening, he was convinced — Hull was an able teacher
— and freely accepted its teachings and just as freely put them to use in his
subsequent professional career.
Thus through Dr. Isaac Coe homoeopathy first found lodgment in In-
diana in 1840, but a fair measure of the honor usually accorded to pioneer-
ship in such cases, belongs to Dr. L. H. Van Buren, who practiced in partner-
ship with Coe* for several years in Indianapolis, from which point homoeopathy
always has radiated in this state. History gives at best a poor account of the
life and professional career of the pioneer after his removal from Indiana,
He is said to have settled in Kentucky, as did his partner, Van Buren, who
was afterward a conspicuous figure in homoeopathic circles in Louisville, a
famous seat of medical learning half a century ago, as it is even to this day.
The development of homoeopathy in Indiana was not slow and was in
keeping with the growth of the system in other states, but in later years the
outspreading of the doctrine was more rapid than in many other of the states,
while its practitioners increased and multiplied several fold within the brief
space of half a century, and that notwithstanding the fact that Indiana never
could lay claim to a school of homoeopathic medical instruction within her
own borders. But in Indiana the standard of education in general is higher
than in any other state in the union, and that fact alone in part accounts for
the increase in homoeopathic popularity in the state during the last fifty years.
In 1857 there were twenty-one homoeopathic practitioners in the state,
and in 1870 the number had increased to eighty-four. Ten years later there
were one hundred and fifty-eight; in 1890 two hundred and twenty-eight, and
in 1904 there were three hundred and eight. A table appended to this chap-
ter will show the names of the homoeopathic practitioners in the state between
29G
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
the years 1840 and i860, almost all of whom were converts from the allo-
pathic school, with a few from other schools.
As early as 1867, when the number of homoeopathic -practitioners in the
state was less than seventy-five, a movement was made among them to organ-
ize a state medical society. This was the result of the influence of the Ameri-
can Institute of Homoeopathy upon and with the profession in general, for
it always has been one of the cardinal principles of the mother institution to
foster permanent organization as a means of attaining the best results in the
world of homoeopathic medicine and surgery. From this it must not be in-
ferred that the institute was directly instrumental in the creation of the state
societv, for at least four or five years before the organization was accom-
Oliver P. Baer, M. D.
plished the scattered homoeopaths of the state had discussed the subject among
themselves and were only awaiting opportunity to assemble their strength for
that purpose. The result of their endeavors' was the ^ state medical society,
to which a brief allusion in "this chapter is appropriate.
On May 23, 1867, a number of homceopathic physicians met in the senate
chamber in the state house in Indianapolis and organized the Indiana Homoe-
opathic Institute, with officers as follows: Dr. O. V. Baer, president; G. T.
Parker and P. M. Leonard, vice-presidents; J. T. P>oyd, recording secretary;
N. G. Burnham. corresponding secretary; W. Eggert. J. T. Boyd, G. H.
.Stockham, A. 1. Cnmpton. M. H. Waters, censors. On May 11, 1870, the so-
HISTORY OF HOMa<:OPATHY 297
ciety was reorganized under the name of Indiana Institute of Homceopathy,
which it still bears, and under which it was incorporated in 1882. Its meet-
ings are held semi-annually in Indianapolis. Proceedings were issued in 1867
and 1870. The membership at the present time is about one hundred and
fifty physicians.
The .Marion County Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at In-
dianapolis on December 10, 1871, but was not incorporated. Its meetings
were held semi-annually until 1881, when the society passed out of existence.
The Northern Indiana Homoeopathic Institute, otherwise known as the
Northwestern Indiana Society, was organized at Elkhart, February i, 1876,
and enjoyed a brief career of varied interests until about 1882, when it was
dissolved, not having published its transactions and leaving only a meagre
record history.
The Terre Haute Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at Terre
Haute in 1882.
The Wayne County Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at
Richmond on September 16, 1884, and was discontinued in 1888.
The Hahnemann Club of Terre Haute was organized in 1889, and was
a social organization devoted chiefly to the interesting study of Hahnemann's
Organon.
The Indianapolis Homoeopathic Institute was organized November 25,
1889, flourished for several years, then became decadent, without entirely
losing its identity.
The Homoeopathic Medical Society of Northern Indiana and Southern
Michigan was organized at Elkhart, September 22, 1891. It meets semi-an-
nually, is migratory in its assemblages and publishes reports, although not hav-
ing a journal of its own.
Having thus referred to the planting and early growth of homoeopathy
and the organization of some of the more important of its institutions in the
state, we mav now with" propriety turn to the record of those who were a part
of the history of the period under consideration, leaving to subsequent chap-
ters of the present work to record something of the lives and works of those
who came upon the field of action at a later period.
REMINISCENCES.
As has been stated the pioneer of homoeopathy in Indiana was Dr. Isaac
Coe, whose immediate follower was Van Buren, his partner. In 1855 Dr.
Shard, of whom little is known, settled in Indianapolis, and was followed soon
afterward by Dr. Augustus S. Wright, a graduate in 1850 of the Homoe-
opathic Medical College of Pennsylvania. He afterward removed to Nebras-
ka and is said to have been the pioneer of homoeopathy in that state. In
1874 he went to California.
Dr. C. T. Corliss located in Indianapolis in 1856, and Dr. James Thomas
Boyd in 1859. Dr. Boyd was a graduate of Starling Medical College in 1850,
Tind practiced allopathy until 1857, when his attention was called to homoe-
opathy through a newspaper controversy between physicians of the opposing
schools. One of Boyd's articles was so pleasing to his medical friends that
he was urged to carefully investigate homoeopathy that he might more efifect-
ually revile and ridicule it; but his investigations were the means of his un-
doing, and the more he studied the doctrine of Hahnemann the more con-
298 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
vinced was he of its truth, until at last he became a convert and afterward
one of the best exemplars of homoeopathy in the city, a practitioner, a teacher,
lecturer, surgeon in the army during the war of 1861-1865, and afterward
for a time a professor in one of the homceopathic medical colleges of St. Louis.
Dr. Boyd was a native of Albany, N. Y., born April 23, 1823, but the chronol-
ogy of later events of his life is meagre.
Dr. N. G. Burnham located in Indianapolis in 1862 and Dr. William A.
Eggert in 1863. Dr. Burnham was a graduate in 1855 ^^ the Western Col-
lege of Homoeopathic Medicine in Cleveland. Dr. Eggert was a graduate
of Berlin University, and in 1863 of the New York Homceopathic Medical
College. He had practiced in Ottawa, Canada, and in other places as an allo-
pathic physician, but had become a homoeopath in 1859. Drs. Burnham and
Eggert were partners and succeeded in building up a lucrative practice. In
1857 Drs. K. Hornberg, G. W. Shaw and A. S. Wright were located in
Indianapolis. In 1869 Drs. J. T. Boyd, N. G. Burnham, C. T. Corliss, Will-
iam Eggert, K. Hornburg and T. P. Tisdale were in practice there. In 1877
there were Drs. A. A. Allen, T. E. Allen, R. S. Brigham, J. T. Boyd, J. A.
Compton, C. T. Corliss, W. Eggert, David Haggart, J. R. Havnes, S. D. Jones,
J. W. Mitchell, G. W. Biddle, Moses T. Runnels, O. S. Runnels, Mrs. H. J.
Sprague, E. E. Williams and Charles S. Wymond. There were fourteen homoe-
opathic physicians in Indianapolis in 1890, and thirty in 1904.
, As early as 1847 homoeopathy gained a foothold in Wayne county, being
mtroduced into Richmond by James Austin, Esq., of Philadelphia and later
of Cincinnati. He did not claim to be a physician but made use of an adver-
tisement after this style : " Diseases treated here according to Samuel Hahne-
mann."
In 1848 Dr. C. W. Steemm located in Richmond, remained during the
cholera epidemic of 1849, ^"^ afterward went to Ohio.
The next homoeopath in Richmond was Dr. Oliver Perry Baer who set-
tled there September 3, 1849. He was born in Frederick City, Md., August
25, 1816, and educated in Ohio, taking the degree of doctor of medicine in
Louisville in 1841. The following letter written by Dr. Baer in 1867 tells
the story of early homoeopathy in Richmond : " Took the degree of A. M. in
1838, the degree of M. D. in 1841 (Allop). Practiced allopathy ten years.
Became a convert to homoeopathy in 1848. moved to Richmond, Ind., in 1849,
where I found Drs. Steemm and Austin both trying to do something in the
Hahnemannian system, but not at all to their satisfaction, or that of their em-
ployers, as they rarely prescribed even in acute cases oftener than once in forty
days. They advised me not to stay, stating for. reasons that the people could
not appreciate homoeopathy, that it would not pay five dollars per annum. I
thought these not sufficient reasons for leaving so important a point unrep-
resented by our art. I located by purchasing property and going at once to
work to build up a homoeopathic practice. I used the thirtieth dilutions en-
tirely, and succeeded far beyond my most sanguine expectations. My first
year's practice amounted to over one thousand dollars, with a steady increase
until in four years I found it necessary to add a second physician, and accord-
ingly Dr. Minier came, but being timid to fight his way among so many allo-
paths, he in a few months left for Rock Island, 111., and Dr. Cuscaden took
his place. He after some two years' commendable practice moved to Lebanon,
Ohio, where after some three years of practice he contracted consumption and
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 299
died. And about eleven 3'ears ago Dr. Joseph Garrettson came here from
Richmond, Ohio, and soon acquired a good Hving practice. In 1865 he went
to Cincinnati. Dr. T. H. Davis next came here about nine years ago, and is
still here. Dr. S. D. Jones came here two years ago, has a good practice. He
was formerly an eclectic and hydropath, and once had a water cure. About
one year ago Miss Dr. Eliza Knowles, graduate of New York, came and is
doing pretty well, is of good mind, and I believe thoroughly competent to prac-
tice with any of our craft. About six months ago Dr. George Swan came.
We have now five homoeopaths and homoeopathy has gradually gained in the
community until we have a decided ascendency. Our whole county is now so
strongly in favor of our system that the old school men are rampant with rage
George W. Bowen, M D.
to have laws passed to prohibit the spread of homoeopathy. Being of the old
school though not with the old school, I last winter thought it prudent to more
perfectly identify mvself with the true system of healing by taking anew the
degree of M. D. in Philadelphia."
Dr. Baer may be called the father of homoeopathy in Indiana. His death
occurred at Richmond, August 10, 1888. In 1870 Drs. Baer, F. H. Davis,
S. D. Jones, G. E. Swan were in Richmond. Drs. John Emmons, M. M. Hamp-
ton, Joseph Howells, E. G. McDevitt, I. C. Teague and J. T. Teague also
have been in practice there. At present the homoeopathic physicians there
are Drs. Joseph M. Bulla, T. H. Davis, Frank H. Dunham, Elmer B. Gros-
300 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
venor, Minnie E. Hervey, Donald B. Holloway and William W. Zimmerman.
Dr. Potter located at Cambridge in 1862, remained there a short time and
went to Terre Haute. Dr. William Carnahan succeeded him, but in 1875 went
to Hamilton, Ohio. Dr. Jacob H. Borger, a student of Dr. Carnahan, took
Carnahan's practice. Drs. Steddom and Wright have practiced there.
The homoeopathic practitioners in Indiana in 1857 were as follows :
Aurora. Dr. Schmidt ; Bristol, Dr. L. Dornbergh ; Deep River, Dr. Martin ;
Evansville, Dr. E. J. Ehrmann; Fort Wayne, Drs. G. W. Bowen, T. H.
Gotsch; Indianapolis, Drs. K. Hornberg, G. W. Shaw, A. S. Wright; Lafay-
ette, Dr. J- Weaver; Laporte, Drs. G. S. Hill, Karr and Plympton; Madi-
son, Drs. Ennis and J. B. Hutchinson ; New Albany, Dr. G. D. Stewart ; New
Harmony, Dr. D. O. Owen; Richmond, Dr. O. P. Baer; South Bend, Dr. N.
Miller; Terre Haute, Dr. I. Potter.
Fort Wayne had a homoeopathic practitioner in 1847, ^^ the person of
Dr. Collins. Dr. P. W. Leonard settled there in 185 1 and Dr. George W.
Bowen in 1852. Dr. Leonard practiced there for many years. Dr. Bowen
graduated from a homoeopathic college in Cleveland in 1852, having been a
student of Dr. D. S. Smith of Chicago. He has long been a well known expo-
nent of homoeopathy in Wayne county, and is still in practice in Fort Wayne.
In 1857 I^rs. Bowen and Gotsch had the field. In 1869 Drs. Bowen, John
Frietzsche and P. W. Leonard were there, and in 1877 Drs. M. F. Green, H.
Myers and A. C. Williams had joined them. Drs. M. F. Green, Ella
F. Harris, Christian Martz, Henry G. Merz, Arthur L. Mikesell, George A.
Ross, John A. Stutz, A. L. Wilson, Carina B. Banning, Edmund P. Banning,
Isaac E. Morris, George A. Ross and S. F. Sutton are also to be mentioned
among those who have practiced at Fort Wayne.
In 1865 Dr. Chase located in Muncie. In 1867 Dr. J, A. Compton, a
graduate of Cleveland homoeopathic college, settled there, and removed to In-
dianapolis in 1873. Dr. E. Beckwith located in Muncie in 1873. Drs. Casper
L. Bacon, Harry H. Baker, William A. Egbert, Seth G. Hastings, John S.
Martin, Arthur J. Phinney, J. Edward Wallace, Emma A. Whitney, William
D. Whitney, A. H. Hastings and W. Owen have practiced there.
The father of homoeopathy in Floyd county was Dr. David G. Stewart,
who began practice in New Albany, July i, 1843. Dr. Stewart said: " I be-
gan to practice medicine in the year 1824. I passed an examination by a legal
medical board of the medical society at Vincennes, Knox county, Indiana, in
1831, and received a diploma. The Western Homoeopathic College of Medicine
conferred on me an honorary degree at Cleveland, in 185 1."
There were several homoeopathic physicians located in New Albany be-
tween 1843 and 1846, but none permanently. In 1856 Dr. Theodore Meurer
settled and remained there. In 1868 Dr. William L. Breyfogle located there
but after two vears went to Louisville, Kv. In t868 Dr. L. W. Carpenter, and
in 1875 Dr. A. McNeill located in New Albany. Drs. W. F. LeFavre, R. S.
Brigham, John H. Bxiklwin. G. Oscar Erni. Louis D. Levi. H. J. Needham,
Carrie M. Reis and Edwin A. Sevringhaus also practiced there.
In Clark county Dr. H. N. Holland introduced homoeopathy into Jeflfer-
sonville in 1855. Dr. Holland had been practicing allopathy since 1849, but
in 1855 investigated the claims of the new medical method and adopted it.
He was born in Chemung, N. Y., November 10. 1807; studied at the Eclectic
Medical Institute of Cincinnati ; commenced the practice of medicine in Scott
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 301
county, Indiana, in 1837; removed to Jeffersonville in 1848, and the next year
graduated from the Louisville Medical College. Drs. J. H. Holland (son of
N. H. Holland), J. Loomis, Sarah C. Jackson, George W. Lampton, Solomon
H. Secoy and John H. Baldwin have also been in practice in Clark county.
Homoeopathy was introduced into Wabash county in 1859 by Dr. Thomas
C. Hunter, formerly of Ohio, who practiced in Wabash one year and then re-
turned to Ohio. After that for a time there was no homoeopathic physician in
Wabash. One Dr. Jones conducted a water cure establishment a mile from
there, in which the medication was homoeopathic. In 1865 Dr. Jeremiah W.
Stewart, who had been a student of Dr. Hunter and who had been in practice
in Henry county, Ohio, returned to Wabash and commenced practice. In
1869, while there were in Wabash county about twenty-five allopaths, there
were but two homoeopaths, Drs. Stewart and Dedrich.
Dr. C. E. Rutherford was the pioneer in Peru. Miami county, about 1862,
Dr. Moses H. Waters, a graduate from the New York Homoeopathic Medical
College, commenced practice in Peru about 1865. In 1868 he located at Terre
Haute.
Dr. Freese was the first to practice homoeopathy in Warsaw, Kosciusko
county, locating there about 1854 or 1855. Dr. Seizer practiced there about
1866-68. Drs. Saunders and Ramsey practiced in Logansport, Cass county,
commencing in 1861 or 1862.
Homoeopathy was introduced into Evansville, Vanderburg county, by a
German Methodist minister whose name was Barenburgh. He was followed
by Dr. Ernest J. Ehrmann, who was born in Germany in 1819. His father was
a' physician who followed the allopathic practice many years. He came to
America in 1823, locating in York county, Pa., being the first to introduce
homoeopathy into that county. Young Ehrmann studied with his father five
years and in 1844 located for practice in Liverpool, York county. In 185 1
he attended a course of lectures at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Penn-
sylvania, in Philadelphia, and then removed to Reitzville, introducing homoe-
opathv there. In 1852 he went to Evansville, Ind., where he established a good
practice. In 1865 Dr. L. S. Herr located in Evansville. In 1866 Dr. Field-
ing L. Davis located there. In 1868 Dr. R. H. McFarland went there from
Paducah, Ky. About i860 Dr. Theodore Shultz established himself in Evans-
ville. His practice was largely among the German population.
The following letter written by Dr. R. H. Sears was pubHshed in the
July, 1851, number of the Cincinnati "Journal of Homoeopathy."
" Point Commerce, Ind., June 16, 185 1.
" Gentlemen : I practiced medicine for four years on the old system.
I attended lectures at St. Louis, Mo., and left college filled with prejudice,
not only against homoeopathy, but everything liberal. I took the ipse dixit
of the professors as law in the premises, that homoeopathy was a humbug
and nothing else. Consequently I did not investigate it for myself but plodded
my way amidst the mazes of allopathic darkness for four years. At length,
becoming disgusted with the uncertainty of such means for the relief^ of
suffering humanity, I pondered in my mind whether, after all, my sapient
professors might not be mistaken ; whether there might not be a better sys-
tem than the"' old,' 'regular,' 'legitimate' system; whether, indeed, homoe-
opathv was not the system.
"When I saw a homoeopathic chair announced in the Eclectic school I
302
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
determined to attend and hear for myself what these two systems had to
offer. The result was that I became a convert to homoeopathy and have
practiced it with the most gratifying success."
As early as 1851 Dr. James B. Hutchinson settled in Madison, Jeffer-
son county. He had graduated from the Jefferson Medical College of Phila-
delphia in 1837, and located in Cincinnati. In 1846 he investigated and
adopted homoeopathy, and began its practice. Dr. Alice B. Stockham began
the practice of homoeopathy at Lafayette, Tippecanoe county, in 1856. She
was a graduate from the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical College in 1854. Her
husband, Dr. G. H. Stockham, also practiced in Lafayette. In 1869 they
removed to Leavenworth, Kansas.
Physicians who practiced homoeopathy in Indiana between the years
1840 and i860. The character * indicates that the practitioner was a con-
vert to homoeopathy. The character x indicates that practice was begun be-
fore the year noted.
1847 Austin, James Richmond 1857
1848 Baer, Oliver P. * Richmond 185 1
1855 Burnham, N. G. Indianapolis 1856
1852 Bowen, George W. Fort Wayne 1857
1857 Bovd, James T. * Indianapolis 1854
.... Briice, J. E. 1857
1847 CoUms, Dr. FortWayne 1857
1840 Coe, Isaac * Indianapolis 1857
1858 Corliss, C. T. Indianapolis 1857
1853 Cuscaden, Dr. Richmond 1862
1855 Davis, T. H. Richmond 1857
1857 Dornbergh, L. x Bristol 1850
1857 Ennis, Dr. x Madison _ 1856
1852 Ehrmann, Ernest J. Evansville 1857
1859 Eggert, Wm. A. * Indianapolis 1843
1840 Frietzsche, John Fort Wayne 1843
1854 Freese, Dr. Warsaw 1848
1859 Garrettson, Joseph Richmond 1850
1857 Gotsch, T. H. X Fort Wayne 1856
1855 Holland, H. N. * Jefifersonville 1847
1857 Hornberg, K. Indianapolis 1850
1857 Hill, G. S. X Laporte 1857
1859 Hunter, Thomas C. Wabash 1857
1846 Hutchinson, J. B. * Madison
Karr, — x Laporte
Leonard, P. W. Fort Wayne
Meurer, Theodore New Albany
Martin, Dr. x Deep River
Minier, Dr. Richmond
Miller, N. x South Bend
Owen, D. O. x New Harmony
Plympton, Dr. x Laporte
Potter, L. X Cambridge
Rutherford, C. E. Peru
Schmidt, — x Aurora
Sears, R. H. * Point Commerce
Shard, — Indianapolis
Shaw, G. W. X Indianapolis
Stewart, Jeremiah W. Wabash
Stewart, D. G. * New Albany
Steemm, C. W. Richmond
Stockham, G- H. * Lafayette
Stockham, Alice B. * Lafayette
Van Buren, Dr. Indianapolis
Wright, A. S. Indianapolis
Weaver, J. x Lafayette
Weaver, Dr. x Lafayette
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 303
CHAPTER XXI
HOMOEOPATHY IN MAINE.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Early Homoeopathy in the Pine Tree State — Characteristics of the Early Practitioners —
The State and Other Medical Societies — Sandicky, the Itinerant Homoeopath —
His Converts and Followers — List of Early Practitioners.
In the year 1840 homoeopathy was introduced in three states : Indiana,
New Hampshire and Maine, and while in New Hampshire the medical de-
partment of Dartmouth College and in Maine the Bowdoin Medical School
were respectively situated, in each of these states the growth of the new sys-
tem was exceedingly rapid. In the ten years from 1840 to 1850 homoeopathy
was planted in the towns of Bath, Portland, Belfast, Bangor, Brooks, Vas-
salboro. Auburn, China, Augusta, Gardiner and Kennebunkport, and the men
who became its best exemplars and most able defenders had been practitioners
of the old school. Maine was represented at the first meeting of the Ameri-
can Institute of Homoeopathy in 1844 by Drs. Albus Rea, Eliphalet Clark and
John Merrill of Portland, and they were appointed to perform the duty of
censors of one of the six boards created by the institute ^or the examination
of candidates for membership.
During the first ten years of life of homoeopathy in the state, the in-
crease in the number of its practitioners was remarkable, especially when we
consider the comparatively undeveloped condition of the homoeopathic sys-
tem at that time, and the further fact that it had no school of medical instruc-
tion in the country. Again, nearly all these old pioneers in the state had
been converted from the allopathic school, and few indeed of them were in-
duced to take up the new practice until its merits had been fully tested and
proved. As in New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and other states, the meth-
ods of medical treatment during the cholera epidemic of 1849 brought homoe-
opathy into prominent view in Maine, and its practitioners there as elsewhere
were able to report far better results in the use of attenuated medicines than
could be shown by the allopaths with their so-called " heroic doses." This
difference was particularly noticeable in Bangor and that vicinity, where
the ravages of the disease were very severe. Again, during the series of
epidemics of diphtheria which ravaged the state about i860 the homoeopathic
physicians scored signal success over their less modest brethren of the old
school in the treatment of those afflicted with that disease. As was the suc-
cess then, so was it afterward, and so it is even at the present day.
An idea of the growth of homoeopathy in the state may be obtained in
the statement that in 1850 there were twenty of its practitioners in Maine,
and in i860 the number had increased to thirty-five; in 1870 to forty-five; in
1880 to seventy-five; in 1890 to one hundred; and in the year 1904 there
were in practice in the state ninety-five homoeopathic physicians and surgeons.
304
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
MAINE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
As early as 1866 the homceopathic physicians hving in the valley of the
Kennebec river formed the Central Homoeopathic Medical Association of
Maine, the meetings of which were held quarterly in different towns. It
is said that this society was the result of a conversation between Drs. Bell
and Thompson of Augusta. Soon afterward a call was issued and on Aug-
ust 22. 1866, the society was organized in Augusta, with officers as follows:
Dr. William E. Payne of Bath, president; Dr. Herbert C. Bradford of Lewis-
town, vice-president; Dr. N. G. H. Pulsifer of Waterville, treasurer; Dr.
James B. Bell of Augusta, secretary. After July 14, 1868, the society met
Wm. E. Payne, M. D.
semi-annually. Soon after the organization of the state society the older body
lost its identity.
The Maine Homoeopathic Medical Society was formed from the society
just mentioned at a meeting held in Augusta, January 15, 1867, and was in-
corporated May 23 following.' Its first officers were Dr. William E. Payne
of Bath, president; Drs. C. H. Burr of Portland and Hosea B. Eaton of
Rockport, vice-presidents; Dr. N. G. H. Pulsifer of Waterville, recording
secretary; Dr. J. B. Bell of Augusta, corresponding secretary; Drs. Eliphalet
Clark of Portland, George P. Jeffords of Bangor, Richmond Bradford of
Auburn, Moses R. Pulsifer of Ellsworth and M. S. Briry of Bath, censors.
This society is still in existence, and meets annually in June in different towns ;
membership in 1903, sixty-six. Transactions have been published annually
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 305
since 1887. The number for 1892 contains a complete history of homoe-
opathy in Maine, being the president's address at the quarter-centennial cele-
bration of the society's existence.
REMINISCENCES.
The history of homoeopathy in Maine naturally belongs to what
is conveniently termed the second epoch of homoeopathy in America.
The first practitioner of the system in the state was Dr. D. F.
Sandicky, a Polish physician who visited several towns, practicing in each a
short time and not locating permanently. The honor of pioneership, however,
is generally accorded to Dr. William E. Payne, who came to Bath in 1840
and found Sandicky in practice there. In speaking of his intercourse with
the itinerant, who really converted Dr. Payne to homoeopathy, the latter said :
" I found him intelligent, and as the reserve from professional antagonism
wore away our conversation turned to the subject of medicine. A concise
presentation of homoeopathy showed that I had, through misrepresentation,
misapprehended its principles ; and I felt a growing desire to know some-
thing more of the system of which I had up to this time, entertained so mean
an opinion. I therefore gladly accepted the doctor's proposition to loan me
the Organon of Homoeopathic Medicine ; and well do I remember with what
impatience I looked forward to an opportunity to read it. After the labors
of the day were over, I retired to my sleeping apartment, locked the door,
and sat down to its perusal. In running rapidly through the introductory
chapter I became intensely interested ; for light was thrown upon certain in-
cident? that had occurred in the course of my practice which I had in vain
endeavoured to comprehend and explain. Here, I thought, is enunciated a
principle, which, if true in practice will take the place of all the theorizings
and speculations of the schools." Dr. Payne determined to take no man's
word regarding the truth of Hahnemann's statements, but to test it care-
fully, and as a result the i6th day of October, 1840, he made his first pre-
scription in accordance with the law of similars.
When Dr. Payne proclaimed himself a believer in homoeopathy he was
ridiculed and m.isrepresented by his former colleagues, but he kept his pa-
tients and afterward declared that the notoriety given the matter by his villi-
fiers was of great benefit to the cause and to his practice. For twenty years
after this he was the only homoeopathic practitioner in Bath. Dr. Sandicky,
his teacher, remained but a few weeks in Bath, going from there to Port-
land in the latter part of November, 1840. In 1856 Dr. Milton S. Briry, an
allopath who had located in Bath the year before, became interested in homoe-
pathy and placed himself under the instruction of Dr. Payne. After careful
investigation he gave up his allopathic practice and became an earnest expo-
nent of the new system in Bath, where he lived many years.
Drs. Pavne and Briry held the field until 1868, when Dr. Payne's son,
Dr. Fred W. Payne, a graduate from the Harvard Medical School and the
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania (also having spent some
months in study abroad) entered into partnership with his father. In 1877
the cause was strengthened in Bath by the advent of Dr. Levi S. Kimball,
who had just graduated from the Boston University School of Medicine.
Since that time Drs. E. P. Roche, James W. Savage, A. K. Gilmore, Percy
W. Roberts, C. Frederick Curtis and Charles D, McDonald have also been
practitioners in Bath.
306
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
As has been stated, Dr. Sandicky in the latter part of 1840 removed
from Bath to Portland. He was not long in that city before his earnest mis-
sionary work brought forth results. Among the allopathic physicians there
were three who had been for some time in practice and who held the esteem
of the community, Drs. Eliphalet Clark, Albert Rea and John Merrill. They
became interested in the medical propaganda of the wandering Sandicky and
it was probably about the same time that they began the practice of homoe-
opathy. This was in the year 1841. Dr. Payne says of this that he does not
know who was the first to adopt the system, but that Dr. Merrill always
claimed that honor. Dr. Payne writes : " In the winter of 1841 I first be-
came cognizant of the fact that Drs. Clark and Merrill were engaged in the
Eliphalet Clark, M. D.
practice. In the latter part of thai winter I visited them in Portland, and
in return was visited by Dr. Merrill at Bath. Meeting and taking by the
hand a professional brother in these early days of homceopathy was an oc-
casion of extreme pleasure. It was like meeting an old and long absent
friend."
It is said that Dr. Rhea was converted by Dr. Clark, but it was the in-
fluence of Dr. Sandicky that resulted in the introduction of the law of similia
in the two widely separated towns of Bath and Portland.
Another of the notable pioneers of Portland was Dr. Moses Dodge, an
allopathic physician who while on a tour in search of a place to locate stopped
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY H07
for a few days at Portland. During this visit his son was taken sick with
croup, and after vainly trying the regular remedies of which he knew, with-
out any result, he was persuaded by friends to call in Dr. Clark and try
homoeopathy. The effect was so marked that Dr. Dodge gave the matter a
thorough investigation, and this induced him to remain in Portland and prac-
tice under the new system. He became one of the leading physicians of that
city and lived there the rest of his life.
In 1848 Dr. Rufus Shackford located in Portland. He had graduated
at Harvard Medical School in 1845, ^"<^ practiced for three years in Lowell,
Mass.
In 1850 Dr. James Merrill Cummings. who had been the preceptor of
Dr. Shackford, after practicing in several towns in Massachusetts, was in-
duced to settle in Portland.
Dr. Charles Hartwell Burr opened a dental office in Portland in 1851, but
in 1857 decided to study medicine. He graduated at the Homoeopathic Medi-
cal College of Pennsylvania in 1859, and in the same year he married the
daughter of Dr. Rea. He became one of the notble practitioners of homoe-
opathy in Maine.
The following homoeopathic physicians have been at different periods prac-
titioners in Portland : Drs. George A. Clark. R. L. Dodge, Silas E. Sylves-
ter, Greenleaf P. Thompson, Mrs. Annie G. C. Ohler, John T. Palmer, M.
C. Pingree, E. F. Vose, George P. Wesselhoeft, J. W. Whidden, Luther A.
Brown, Francis D. Coleman, Rudolph L. Dodge, Leslie C. Jewell, and Samuel
Worcester.
In the autumn of 1843 ^i"- Jo^i^i Payne, an allopath then residing tem-
porarily at Northport, became interested in homoeopathy through the influence
of Dr. William E. Payne. After making a trial of the remedies he went to
Belfast in February, 1844, and renouncing the old practice which he had fol-
lowed for fifteen years, devoted himself to the new method. He remained in
Belfast until his death, October 8. 1857. His son. Dr. Lycurgus V. Payne,
who died in 1853, was associated with him from 1846 to 1849. It was through
the influence of Dr. John Payne that Dr. Jacob Roberts, of Brooks, another
old school physician of many years' experience, was induced to adopt homoe-
opathy. The successor of Dr. Payne at Belfast was Dr. David P. Flanders,
who located there in 1858. Dr. J. A. Savage also practiced there.
In 1843 Dr. Snell, of Bangor, sought to practice homoeopathy in that city
with a domestic book and a box of medicines. In July, 1844, Dr. William
Gallup removed from Concord, Mass., to Bangor, where he announced him-
self a homoeopathic physician. While in practice in Concord in 1839 he met
a lady who had been subject to severe attacks of enteralgia and had not been
able to obtain relief from allopathic treatment. She told Dr. Gallup of the
very satisfactory results experienced from the use of homoeopathic remedies
and he was by this interview led to investigate the matter for himself. After
some difflculty he obtained a few books, subscribed for the " Homoeopathic
Examiner," then published in New York, secured a copy of the Organon and
began to experiment in his treatment. He was soon converted, and after he
located in Bangor he practiced nothing but the most rigid homoeopathy. From
1844 to 1849 t)r. Gallup was the only practitioner of homoeopathy in Bangor,
but in the spring of 1849 Dr. James H. Payne removed there from Mont-
ville. Drs. Gallup and Payne remained alone in Bangor until the autumn of
1854, when Dr. James H. P. Frost opened an office there, being followed in
308 HISTORY OF HOiMCEOPATHY
1855 by Dr. George Kellogg, who removed two years later to New York state.
In December, i860, Dr. George P. Jefiferds took the place of Dr. Payne.
He had previously been located at Kennebunkport, where he had been prac-
ticing homoeopathy since 1850. His attention had been drawn to that system
by Dr. Hoffendahl of Boston. In 1865 Dr. Frost went to Philadelphia and
was succeeded in Bangor by Dr. John M. Blaisdell. Dr. Herbert C. Brad-
ford also practiced in Bangor for a short time about 1857. Dr. John M.
Prilay went there in 1885, having graduated from Hahnemann Medical Col-
lege of Philadelphia the same year; Dr. Henry Clark Jefiferds graduated from
the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1885 and located in
Bangor, where he remained until 1889, when he went to Oregon. Dr. Will-
iam F. Shepard settled there in 1875. Dr. William E. Fellows went there
in 1890. In 1899 Dr. Byron D. Spencer was located in Bangor.
In 1844 Dr. Jacob Roberts, of Brooks, who had been engaged in allo-
pathic practice for forty years, became a convert to homoeopathy. His grand-
son, F. A. Roberts (then a child but afterward a homoeopathic physician),
was suffering from whooping cough. Dr. Roberts had tried in vain to aid
his afflicted grandson. At last he went to Dr. Payne and told him about the
case and within twenty-four hours after Dr. Payne's homoeopathic pre-
scription the child was better. After this Dr. Roberts investigated homoe-
opathy and in 1846 removed to Vassalboro, introducing the system in that
town. He remained there until liis death in March, 1856. Dr. Roberts v/as
born in Brookfield, Maine, in 1784.
Dr. J. H. Barrows was an early practitioner of homoeopathy in Vassal-
boro, where he remained until 1865. Later on he went to Gardiner, a few
miles away, and resided there until his death, June 20, 1870. Dr. Rufus R.
Williams in 1858 introduced homoeopathy in Clinton, where he remained un-
til 1863, and then went to North Vassalboro. Later he removed to Gardiner,
practicing there until 1875, when illness compelled him to seek a southern
climate. He died in Malvern, Arkansas, March 25, 1875.
Dr. Francis A. Roberts commenced practice in China in February, 1861.
The next year he went to Vassalboro and took up the study of homceopathy
with Dr. Barrows. In September of the same year he returned to China,
where he practiced until 1865 and then located in North Vassalboro, taking
Dr. Barrows' practice while the latter went to Gardiner. In 1883 Dr. Rob-
erts removed to Watervillc, where he remained until his death. May 26. 1892.
Drs. J. Donnell Young, Thomas M. Dillingham, Gertrude E. Heath,
Huldah McA. Potter and Alanson T. Schuman have practiced in Gardiner.
Drs. Daniel C. Perkins, M. K. Dwinell and Ralph H. Pulsifer have practiced
in Vassalboro.
In 1845 an important addition was made to the ranks of homoeopathy by
the conversion of Dr. Richmond Bradford of Auburn. He was a member
of the Bowdoin " banner class " of 1825, among whose members were Long-
fellow, Hawthorne, John S. C. Abbott, George B. Chcever and Jonathan Cil-
ley. He graduated in medicine from the Maine Medical School in 1829.
After practicing allopathy for fifteen years he became a convert to homoe-
opathy, abandoning the old practice in September, 1845. He attended a
course of lectures at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania and
returned to Maine to practice. He influenced many to believe in homoeopathy,
including an old allopathic medical friend. Dr. Calvin Gorham, and was a
power for the principles (if Hahnemann in that part of the state for many
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
309
years. He was identified with the history of homoeopathy in Auburn and
the neighboring city of Lewiston. He died December 21, 1874, and was
succeeded by his son, Dr. Herbert C. Bradford, who studied with his father,
graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1856,
and then located in Lewiston.
Drs. David N. Skinner, Mary W. Bates Stevens, Ward J. Renwick and
Alfred Sails have practiced in Auburn. In Lewiston Drs. Robert L. Dana,
W. S. Howe, H. N. Parker, N. E. Parker, Aurelia Springer, Arthur D. Bow-
man and Austin L. Harvey have been located and in practice.
In 1847 or 1848, at the suggestion of Dr. Jonathan Roberts, Dr. Will-
iam B. Chamberlain introduced homoeopathy to the people of China. He re-
James H. Payne, M. D.
mained there, however, only a short time. He was a graduate of the Western
College of Homoeopathic Medicine in 1854.
Dr. Green introduced homoeopathy m Augusta in 1847, but the first real
practitioner there was Dr. Shadrach M. Cate, who located in that city in 1850.
He had graduated from the Western College of HomcEopathic Medicine in
Cleveland in 185 1. He remained in Augusta until i860, when he went to
Salem, Mass. His place was taken by Dr. Danforth Whiting, who for sev-
eral years previously had been associated with him. In 1865 Dr. William
L. Thompson took the practice of Dr. Whiting. In 1861 Dr. James Batch-
elder Bell located at Augusta and remained there until 1880, when he went
310 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY-
to Boston. Dr. Bell made for himself in Maine a most enviable reputation
as a surgeon and careful prescriber.
In 1874 Dr. Thomas M. Dillingham went to Augusta, remaining there
for five years in partnership with Dr. Bell. In 1882 Dr. Nancy T. Will-
iams settled in Augusta. To Dr. Williams is due the honor of having been
the largest single contributor to the Hahnemann monument in Washington,
D. C, her gifts for that purpose amounting to $4,510. At present the homoe-
opathic field in Augusta is occupied by Drs. W. Scott Hall and William S.
Thompson.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Gardiner by Dr. W. F. Jackson in April,
1849. Previous to that time a clergyman named Howard had practiced as
far back as 1843. About 1853 Dr. Jackson went to Roxbury, Mass., and
Dr. F. N. Palmer succeeded him. Dr. George P. Jefferds introduced homoe-
opathy in Kennebunkport in 1849, ^"d Dr. B. H. Batchelder located the same
year at Montville.
In 1850 Dr. Greenfield P. Thompson introduced homoeopathy in Yar-
mouth, and Dr. Moses R. Pulsifer in Ellsworth, each of these physicians hav-
mg previously been engaged in allopathic practice. In 1872 Dr. Olin M.
Drake located in Ellsworth. Drs. Walter M. Haines, Atwater L. Douglass,
James T. McDonald and Harry W. Osgood have practiced in Ellsworth. Dr.
James C. Gannett located in Yarmouth in 1878.
A Rev. Mr. Hill introduced the system in Winthrop. He was followed
by Dr. F. N. Palmer, who soon went to Gardiner. In 1857 Dr. Charles A.
Cochran located in Winthrop. In 1858 Dr. Mitchell went to Calais and later
that field was occupied by Dr. D. E. Seymour, who went there in 1862.
In 1862 Dr. Nathan G. H. Pulsifer introduced homoeopathy in Water-
ville. In 1883 Dr. F. A. Roberts located there, and in 1887 Dr. W. M. Pulsi-
fer was there for a short time. In 1887 Dr. Maurice K. Dwinell went there,
and about that time Dr. Joseph H. Knox went from Bangor to Waterville.
In Rockland Dr. J. M. Blaisdell was the pioneer in 1862. In Damaris-
cotta the same year Dr. J. P. Paine introduced the practice. Dr. Joseph M.
King is in practice there at the present time.
Richmond and Rockport (Camden) were the only new points in Maine in
which homoeopathy was introduced in 1854. Dr. J. D. Young was the pio-
neer in Richmond and Dr. Hosea B. Eaton in Rockport. In 1857 Dr. David
S. Richards went to Richmond, remaining there permanently.
In 1856 Dr. Herbert C. Bradford introduced homoeopathy in Lewiston.
Dr. J. O. Moore in Saco, and Dr. Edward W. Morton in Kennebunk.
Dr. T. S. Goodwin opened an office in Skowhegan in 1857, ^^^'^ the next
year Dr. J. H. Hamilton went there, remaining two years. Dr. Goodwin re-
mained until 1865 and was succeeded in the next year by Dr. Sumner H.
Boynton. He left in 1867. In April, 1869, Dr. Thomas L. Bradford grad-
uated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania and located
at Skowhegan, where he remained until the spring of 1877 and then removed
to Philadelphia, his present residence. In 1874 Dr. Winfield S. Wright prac-
ticed in Skowhegan for a few months. Dr. Fellows continued in practice
there until 1890, when he went to Bangor. Dr. Cora M. Johnson located at
Skowhegan in 1883. Dr. Samuel G. Scwell went to Skowhegan in 1882 or
1883. Drs. William M. Pulsifer and Johnson are now located there.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Farmington in i86t by Dr. W. H. Ham-
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 311
ilton. In 1863 Dr. O. W. True located there. Drs. F. O. Lyford, William
Randall and Mary F. Cushman have practiced in Farmington.
In 1862 Dr. J. W. Savage opened an office in East Wiscasset. In 1866
Dr. S. E. Hartwell located in Strong. Dr. B. L. Dresser located at Sears-
port about 1866. Later Dr. William R. Knowles went there.
Dr. William E. Payne was born in Unity, Kennebec county, November
15, 181 5. He graduated from the Maine Medical School in 1838 and located in
Bath. In September, 1840, he embraced homoeopathy. He was prominent
both in the councils of his professional brethren in the state and in the Ameri-
can Institute of Homoeopathy. He was active and emeritus professor in the
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, Boston University, and the
Nancy T. Williams, M. D.
New York Homoeopathic Medical College. He was one of the editors of
the " North American Journal of Homoeopathy," and was honorary member
of several state societies. He was several times connected with the city gov-
ernment in Bath, traveled extensively in Europe, and may be considered the
father of homoeopathy in Maine. He died in Bath, May 9, 1877.
Dr. James Batchelder Bell was born in Monson, Piscataquis county, Feb-
ruary 21, 1838. He graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania in 1859, passed the following year in the hospitals of Vienna, and
in 1861 located in Augusta, remaining there until 1880, when he went to
Boston, Mass., where he became associated with Dr. William P. Wesselhoeft,
He is still in practice in Boston.
312 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Dr. Eliphalet Clark was born in Strong, Maine, in 1801. He attended
medical lectures at the Bowdoin Medical School and graduated from there
in 1824. He began practice in Wilton, but in 1830 removed to Portland,
where he buili up a large business. He died in Portland, June 8, 1883.
Dr. John Merrill was born in Conway, N. H., in 1782; attended Phillips
(Exeter) Academy; graduated from Harvard College in 1804; studied medi-
cine with Dr. John Warren, and graduated from the Harvard Medical School
in 1807. He then located in Portland and began the practice of homoeopathy
in 1841. He died there, June 7, 1855.
Dr. Richmond Bradford was born in Turner, Me., in 1801 ; graduated
from Bowdoin College in 1825 ; in medicine from the same institution in 1829,
and located in Turner. In 1835 he went to Auburn, being the only physician
there and the adjoining town of Lewiston. He adopted homoeopathy in 1845.
He died in Auburn, December 21, 1874.
Dr. George P. Jefiferds was born at Kennebunkport, May 7, 1816; grad-
uated from the Bowdoin Medical School in 1845 ! located in his native place
and remained there until i860. In 1849 ^^ became a homceopathist.
Dr. Milton S. Briry was born in Bowdoin, May 17, 1825; graduated
from the Maine Medical School in 1853, ^^^ settled in Bath ; adopted homoe-
opathy in 1855; died in Bath, August 2, 1899.
Dr. Albert Rea was born in Windham, Cumberland county. Me., in 1795;
graduated from the Harvard Medical School in 1819, and in 1820 settled in
Portland. He became a convert in 1841. He died in Portland, October 14,
1848.
Dr. James Merrill Cummings was born in Boston, Mass., July 27, 1810;
graduated from the Bowdoin Medical School, and located in Calais, Me. ;
removed to Nashua, N. H., and from there to Cairo, 111. ; returned east and
settled in Groton, Mass.; remained there until 1846, and then went to Salem;
adopted homoeopathy in 1844; died in Portland, July 20, 1883.
Dr. Moses Dodge was born in Sedgewick, Me., March 9, 1812; grad-
uated from the Bowdoin Medical School in 1838, and commenced the prac-
tice of medicine at Sedgewick. In 1846, desiring a larger field, he started
westward and located at Portland, Oregon. He died there, October 18, 1879.
Homoeopathic physicians in Maine previous to i860. The date preceding
the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoeopathy.
The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some other
school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine be-
fore the date given.
1849 • Batchelder, B. H. * Montville 1845 Dodge, Moses * Portland
1857 Barrows, J. H. x North Vassalboro 1854 Eaton, Hosea B. * Rockport
1859 Bel], James B. Augusta 1857 Flanders, David P. Belfast
1845 Bradford, Richmond * Auburn 1850 Frost, James H. P. Bangor
1856 Bradford, Herbert C. Lewiston 1840 Gallup, William * Bangor
1859 Briry, Milton H. * Bath 1857 Goodwin, T. S. Skowhegan
1857 Brown. E. W. x Portland 1847 Green, Dr. Augusta
1859 Burr, Charles H. Portland 1855 Hill, Rev. Mr. Winthrop
1845 Gate, Shadrach M. Augusta 1858 Hamilton. J. H. Skowhegan
1847 Chamberlain, William B. China 1840 Jackson, W. F. Gardiner
1840 Clark, Eliphalet * Portland 1849 Jefferds, Geo. P. * Kennebunkport
1856 Cochran, Charles A. Winthrop 1852 Kellogg, Edwin Merritt Bangor
1844 Cummings, James M. * Portland 1841 Merrill, John * Portland
1857 Currier, Dr. x Readfield 1857 Morton, E. W. x Kennebunk
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
31;
1849 Moore, James Otis Saco 1861
1858 Mitchell, Dr. 1844
1857 Mulvey, B. C. x Saco 1840
1853 Palmer, F. N. Gardiner 1858
1843 Payne, John * Belfast 1845
1840 Payne, William E. * Bath 1843
1846 Pavne, Lvcurgus V. Belfast 1850
1851 Pulsifer, Nathan G. H. * Waterville 1857
1850 Pulsifer, Moses R. * Ellsworth ....
1857 Putnam, James T. x York 1858
1840 Rea, Albert * Portland 1854
1857 Richards, D. S. * Richmond
Roberts, F. A. * China
Roberts, Jacob * Brooks
Sandicky, D. F. Bath— Portland
Seymour, D. E. Calais
Sh'ackford, Rufus Portland
Snell, Dr. * Bangor
Thompson, G. P. * Yarmouth
Thompson, William L. Augusta
Whiting, Danforth Augusta
Williams, R. R. Qinton
Young, J. D. Richmond
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 315
CHAPTER XXn
HOMOEOPATHY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Brief Allusion to the Hahnemann Monument — Ceremonies of the Unveiling — The Wash-
ington Convention — Homoeopathic Societies and Hospitals — Dr. John Piper, the First
Homoeopathic Physician in the District of Columbia — Reminiscences and List of
Early Practitioners.
" We give into your keeping this testimonial of our recognition of one
of the world's most pronounced benefactors. Take it under the national pro-
tection; guard it as the cherished object of millions of our people."
These words were spoken by Dr. Charles Edgar Walton, of Cincinnati,
in his official capacity as president of the American Institute of Homoeopathy
to Col. Theodore A. Bingham, superintendent of public buildings and
grounds in the District of Columbia, on the occasion of the national conven-
tion of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in the city of Washington dur-
ing the week beginning June 19, 1900.
The annual convention of the institute in 1900 was held in the capitol city
for the complete fulfillment of a special object, the accomplishment of which
in all its details had engaged the attention of that body for several years, and
now had attained fruition. The occasion was that of the formal unveiling
and presentation of the Hahnemann monument, and its presentation t^ the
national government through the custodian of the public properties.
This event alone was sufficient to give the District of Columbia unusual
prominence in the annals of homoeopathy in America ; an importance which
overshadowed all else besides in the history of the Hahnemannian school of
medicine in the region in question, even from the time when Dr. John Piper
graduated from the allopathic University of Maryland, fell under the influence
of that worthy pioneer of Baltimore — Dr. Felix McManus — and was by him
proselyted to the teachings of Hahnemann. On this subject, however, more
will be said in a later part of this chapter.
The exercises at the unveiling and presentation were presided over by
Dr. J. B. Gregg Custis, of Washington, who called the assemblage to order
and then said :
" We are gathered together upon an occasion which in some of its aspects is solenan,
in some glorious, in all momentous. Solemn, because wc have assumed the responsibility
of setting as an ideal for the twentieth century a character to whom a memorial con-
stituting the greatest testimonial ever received by any in the walks of life followed by our
confrere, Samuel Hahnemann, we are now about to dedicate.
" Glorious, because it represents a completed work, conceived in Washington, nur-
tured by the American Institute of Homoeopathy, and made possible by the liberality of
the adherents and patrons of the school founded by him, in whose honor this grand work
of art and architecture is erected.
" Momentous, because it places in bold relief the fact that truth, represented simply
by a thought, can, in so short a time, in a country whose motto is freedom, reach its
Presentation, by Dr. Charles E. Walton.
Ode to Hahnemann, by Dr. Wm. Tod Hchnuth.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY :517
highest development. This monument is erected in the hope that from it, as a center,
truth may be spread, which will result in the lessening of suffering, and the increased
usefulness of mankind."
Following- Dr. Custis's address, and the invocation of Rev. B. F. Bel-
linger, the monument was formally presented to the American Institute of
Homoeopathy by Dr. James H. McClelland of Pittsburg, chairman of the
monument committee, who said :
" Eight years ago at a meeting of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in this city
this committee was charged with the extra professional duty of erecting a monument
which should be a suitable memorial to the man whom we wish to honor and be com-
mensurate with the dignity of the body we have the honor to represent. Your committee,
after many failures, finally secured a design which it feels sure will meet the approval of
our parent body and all those who love the beautiful in art as well as that which repre-
sents a great and noble idea. We are indebted for this beautiful sculpture to an American
— Mr. Charles Henry Nieuhaus — and for the exquisite architectural effects to Mr. Julius
F. Harder of New York.
" Mr. President, 1 take pleasure in transferring to your keeping, for the time, this
monument erected to the honor and glory of Samuel Hahnemann."
After the formal presentation of the monument to the institute an orig-
hial ode to Hahnemann was read by Dr. William Tod Helmuth, of New York,
city, in which the achievements of the founder of the homoeopathic school
were treated at length. In presenting the monument to the government
President Walton made a splendid address, and at its close turned to Col.
Bingham and said the words quoted at the beginning of this chapter.
The monument is in the form of the Greek exhedra and is elliptical in
plan. Four steps in front lead up to the lesser axis, at the back of which
rises the superstructure. The sitting statue of Hahnemann, heroic in size,
and mounted on a granite pedestal, is placed in the central portion, which
is composed of four columns supporting an entablature, above which is an
attica with the inscription, " Hahnemann." On the base of the pedestal is
the motto, " Similia Similibus Curantur." The statue itself is the culmina-
tion of the plan of the monument. By the expression of the features and
the pose of the figure it is designed to convey the characteristics of the philos-
opher, philanthropist and teacher, and above all the leader of a great reforma-
tion in the medical practice of his period. (D. M. C. Journal, Ap. 1900.)
The Washington convention, held during the winter of 1871, was a mem-
orable occasion in homoeopathic medical annals. It was composed of dele-
gates from the several state medical societies, and its object was to protest
against the open hostility to the school on the part of a certain prominent of-
ficer of the pension department, and, if possible, to accomplish his removal
from office. The purpose of the convention was entirely successful, the ob-
noxious ofificial was removed, and the integrity of the homoeopathic profes-
sion was fully vindicated.
The Washington Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in the
city of Washington in the District of Columbia, May 20, 1870, in pursuance
of an act of congress passed April 15 of that year. Its first officers were Dr.
Tullio S. Verdi, president; Dr. C. W. Sonnenschmidt, secretary; Dr. G. W.
Pope, treasurer; Drs. J. Brainerd, J. T. O'Connor and S. J. Grout, censors.
The Washington Medical and Surgical Qub was organized in 1866 but
was not incorporated.
The National Homoeopathic Hospital of Washington is the outgrowth
of a movement which had its beginning in 1881 in the organization of a hos-
318 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
pital association of which Montgomery Blair was the first . president. This
association organized the Homoeopathic Free Dispensary, which dates its his-
tory from November, 1882. Two years later steps were taken toward the
erection of a hospital building, and after various attempts to maintain such
an institution without an appeal to congress for aid, such action was taken
and an appropriation of $15,000 was voted in its behalf. A new hospital was
built and opened February i, 1886. The officers of the hospital association
comprise a president, a vice-president from each state, a secretary, treas-
urer, board of trustees, and a medical staff of thirteen physicians who are
members of the homoeopathic medical society of the district. A nurse's school
Tullio S. Verdi, M. D.
was opened in 1893. In 1903 preparations were made for the erection of an
addition to the hospital establishment, to be known as the Gardner Memorial,
for which congress appropriated $50,000.
REMINISCENCES.
History accords to Dr. John Piper the honor of having first carried
the gospel of Hahnemann into the District of Columbia, and biographers
say that the pioneer had left the University of Maryland school of med-
icine in 1839, bearing the diploma of that honored institution; but
before he entered the district territory he came under the influence of Dr.
Felix R. McManus, who made known to him the sounder philosophy of Hahne-
HISTORY OF HOMGEOPATHY
319
mann and easily persuaded him to adopt it in his practice ; and thus con-
verted and equipped with the necessaries for professional work he took up
his abode in the city of Washington in 1841. He died there, March 16, 1871.
During the fifteen years next following the advent of Dr. Piper the in-
crease in number of practitioners in the district was small, being only five
in 1857, and seventeen in 1870. In later years the growth of the system
was more rapid, statistics showing thirty-seven practitioners of the school in
the district in 1883, seventy-five in 1899, and seventy-two in 1904.
Dr. Jonas Green, who had been a practitioner of homoeopathy in Phila-
delphia, Avent to Washington about 1845. His name appears in the register
of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in 1846 as located at Washington,
Susan Ann Edson, M. D.
although in 1844 he is mentioned as dwelling in Philadelphia. Dr. Green
died in 1868.
Dr. Gustavus William Pope settled in Washington in 1856. He was
a native of Niagara, N. Y., graduated from the Albany Medical College in
185 1, and in 1852 was assistant physician in the New York State Lunatic
Asylum at Oneida. He remained there two years and during that time his
attention was galled to homoeopathy. Despite all the opposition of his fam-
ily, in which were two distinguished allopathic physicians, he continued t6
study the subject and test it carefully for three years. Finally he avowed his
belief in it, resigned from the Oneida County Medical Society, and in 1856
320
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
went to Washington, where his ability soon secured for him a large practice.
Dr. Pope for many years was one of the well known figures in Washington
life. His death occurred in July, 1902.
Dr. Tullio Suzzara Verdi, a native of Italy, who had been in the Sardinian
army in 1848, and in consequence had been proscribed by the Austrians, came
to New York in 1857, landing in that city with but five dollars in his pocket.
He there met Garibaldi, who introduced him to George Washington Greene,
professor of modern languages in Brown University, in Providence. He
was soon able to support himself by teaching French and Italian, and he soon
gained such knowledge of English that he was able to lecture in that language
upon the Italian revolution. Two years later Professor Greene resigned his
Jehu Brainerd, M. D.
office and it was tendered to Verdi. He then sent for his two brothers, and
while still holding his professorship devoted his leisure hours to the study
of medicine under Dr. A. Howard Okie, a homoeopathic physician then lo-
cated in Providence. In 1856 he graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania, and located in Newport, R. I., but in 1857 removed
to Washington. In 1871 he was appointed a member of the only board of
health of the District of Columbia created by congress, and was its secretary,
and also was chairman of the sanitary commission. It was through his efforts
that a charter was obtained for the Washington Homoeopathic Society, with
all the rights and privileges of the other older societies. He also was of in-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY H21
fluence in securing the admission of homoeopathic physicians as examining
surgeons for pensions. Dr. Verdi lived for many years in Washington, but
in 1895, on account of faihng heahh, decided to retire from practice and re-
turn to Italy.
In 1861, at the beginning of the war, Dr. Susan Ann Edson went to
Washington to devote herself to her country's cause. She had graduated
from the Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine in 1854, and afterward
practiced in Cleveland and in Ashtabula, Ohio. At that time Columbia Col-
lege on Meridian Hill was used as a hospital, and Dr. Edson acted as nurse
there from August, 1861, to March, 1862. From there she went to the Hygeia
Hospital at Fortress Monroe. She also occasionally acted as physician. She
was engaged in hospital work during the entire war, after which she located
as a practicing physician in Washington. She died there November 12,
1897.
Dr. Caroline Brown Winslow located in Washington in 1864. She had
graduated from tlie Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine in 1856, and
for a time practiced in Utica, N. Y.
Dr. Jehu Brainerd went to Washington and opened an ofifice for practice
in 1861. He was for many years a teacher and professor in various colleges,
holding chairs of natural sciences and of chemistry. His attention was drawn
to homoeopathy in 1842, while living in Ohio. He was connected with the
Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine, the Agricultural College of
Ohio, and the Women's Homoeopathic College of Cleveland. He died in
Washington, in March, 1878.
Dr. Ciro Suzzara Verdi graduated from the New York Homoeopathic
'College in 1861, and then located in Georgetown. He died in 1887.
Homoeopathic physicians in the District of Columbia previous to 1861.
The date preceding the name indicates the year the physician began the
practice of homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner orig-
inally was of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician
practiced medicine before the date given.
1857 Appleton, H. D. x Washington 1840 Piper, John R. * Washington
1842 Brainerd. Jehu Washington 1855 Pope, Gustavus W. * Washington
1854 Edson, Susan Ann Washington 1857 Thorne, J. x Washington
1835 Green. Jonas Washington 1856 Verdi, Tullio S. Washington
1857 Herniss, S. x Washington 1861 Verdi, Ciro S. Georgetown
322 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XXHI
HOMOEOPATHY IN MICHIGAN.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Beginnings of Homoeopathy in Michigan — Early Practitioners all Converted Allopaths —
Record of Medical Societies — Hall and Lamb, the Pioneers — Reminiscences and Lists
of Early Practitioners.
History and tradition both accord to homoeopathy in Michigan a lodg-
ment sometime between the years 1841 and 1843, ^nd ^t a time wlien the tide
of emigration first set strongly toward the great northwest territory of which
the " Wolverine " state then formed a part. Here homoeopathy was intro-
duced soon after the region in question evolved from a territory into a state
of the federal union. In the years following the growth of the new system
was more rapid than in many other states farther east and south, and the
work of the pioneers soon spread the doctrine of Hahnemann throughout the
entire region.
One, of the most noticeable facts in connection with early homoeopathy
in Michigan was that almost every one of its pioneers was a converted allo-
path, an excellent practitioner and a man of influence, well equipped in every
respect to battle against the cholera ravages which soon came upon the coun-
try, and also to wage battle in the war of words and argument which pre-
ceded the absolute recognition of hoinoeopathy in the state and gave to it a
separate department in the state university. This movement began in 1850
and was carried forward with varying degrees of success until a school of
homoeopathic medical instruction was founded in connection with that insti-
tution of learning. Drs. Thayer and Ellis, who figured conspicuously as edi-
tors and publishers of the " Michigan Journal of Homoeopathy," were among
the most zealous advocates of the endeavor, and from the time their journal
was founded neither spared time or energy in striving for the accomplish-
ment of the desired end.
As early as 1855 the legislature passed an act which authorized at least
one professorship of homoeopathy in the university, which was a gain, yet
produced comparatively small results, but was the foundation of the splendid
homoeopathic department which in later years has accomplished grand re-
sults in the world of homoeopathic medicine. This subject, however, is men-
tioned at greater length in another department of this work. In 1871 a private
homoeopathic medical college was started in Lansing, and was known as the
Central Michigan Homoeopathic Medical Institute, a name more formidable
perhaps than the college itself, as its life continued only one session. In
1872 the Detroit ITomoeopathic College was established, and lived through
about four years of vicissitudes ; but it was a beginning of homoeopathic col-
lege life in that city, a subject which is fully discussed by Dr. MacLachlan
in another volume of this work.
In 1847. when the Michigan Institute of Homoeopathy was first started,
there were onlv eight practitioners of the school in the state, and the system
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
323
then had an ahidinij^ place in the towns of Adrian, Detroit, Pontiac, Ann Arbor,
Dexter, Birmingham and Lyons, all in the southeastern part of the state.
Ten years later, in 1858, the numljer of practitioners had increased to fifty-
eight and the system then had been introduced in thirty-three towns. In 1870
there were two hundred and nineteen homoeopathic physicians in the state,
and the methods of the school were being practiced in one hundred and twen-
ty-five towns. In 1896 there were four hundred and sixty, and in 1904 five
hundred and one practitioners in Michigan, of whom eighty were in Detroit,
thirty in Grand Rapids, nineteen in Ann Arbor, eleven in Battle Creek, with
one or more in every other settled town in the state.
From 1859 to 1864 and from 1872 to 1876 homoeopathic treatment was
LintMid White, ]M. D.
practiced in the ^Michigan state prison, but in other years the allopathic school
has succeeded in maintaining supremacy in that penal institution. The first
homoeopathic pharmacy in the state was opened in Detroit in 1850 by Dr.
John Ellis, who was succeeded in 1859 by Dr. Edwin A. Lodge, and the lat-
ter in turn in 1875 by his son, Albert Lodge. The senior Lodge then opened
a pharmacy in Orchard Lake and about the same time in Pontiac. In 1856
Drake & Foster opened a pharmacy in Detroit, and Dr. H. C. Driggs started
a similar business there in 1852, and Dr. Benjamin E. Sickler in 1873. ^"
1858 Farnsworth & Spinney opened a pharmacy in East Saginaw, the same
now carried on by Drs. A. & W. A. Farnsworth. Eberbach & Son opened a
324 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
pharmacy in Ann Arbor in 1875, and the Michigan homoeopathic pharmacy in
Grand Rapids was started in 1880 by J. S. Mortlock & Co.
HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY OF MICHIGAN.
Michigan was early in the field with organization, the first society hav-
ing been formed Octoloer 20, 1847, by the eight physicians of that school
then in the state. Their pioneer organization took the name of Michigan
Homoeopathic Institute, probably in allusion to the American Institute of
Homoeopathy, of which it was an offshoot and branch. Its first officers were
Dr. C. A. Lamb of Pontiac, president ; Dr. Thomas Blanchard of Ann Arbor,
vice-president; Dr. P. M. Wheaton of Detroit, secretary; Dr. John Ellis of
Detroit, treasurer. This society passed out of existence in 1855, ^^^ was suc-
ceeded in 1866 by another society of the same name, the history of which
dates from October 3 of the year last mentioned to May 16, 1871, when it
was merged in the then newly organized Homoeopathic Medical Society of
the State of Michigan.
Previous to the organization of the latter society the homoeopathic pro-
fession in the state had become divided in opinion regarding the establish-
ment and maintenance of a school of homoeopathic medicine in connection
with the university, but the main purpose of the successor organization, its
principal mision in life at the time, was the accomplishment of that very ob-
ject, and in which its endeavors were rewarded with ultimate success. The
new society was founded at a meeting held in Jackson, November 10, 1869,
and soon afterward was incorporated ; and it has since maintained an active,
healthful existence, publishing yearly transactions. It was re-incorporated
February 18, 1900.
Among the other nrincipal homoeopathic society organizations which
have been or are incidental to the history of the profession in the state,
each worthv of greater recognition than the scope of the present chapter per-
mits, mention may be made of the Central District Homoeopathic Medical
Society, organized in Lansing in 1866; the Central Michigan Homoeopathic
Medical Society, organized in East Saginaw, Julv 13. 1869; the College of
Physicians and Surgeons, organized in Detroit. October 21, 1878; the De-
troit Institute of Homoeopathy, organized April 12, 1876. subsequently a
part of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and still later of the Homoe-
opathic Medical Association of Detroit ; the Grand Rapids Society, organized
in 1875; the College of Homoeopathic Physicians and Surgeons. Grand Rap-
ids, organized Anril 26. 1890; the Hahnemann Medical Society of Eaton
and Barry Counties, organized in 1879; the Huron District Medical Society,
organized in 1886; the Ingham. Shiawassee. Clinton and Eaton Counties
Homoeopathic Society, organized June 18, 1868; the Jackson County Homoe-
opathic Medical Society, organized March. 1876; the Kent County and Grand
Valley Hon^oeopathic Medical Society, which dissolved in 1879; ^^^ Northern
Michigan Homoeopathic Medical Association ; the Saginaw Vallev Homoe-
opathic Association, organized in 1886; the Homoeopathic Aledical Society of
Southwestern Michigan, organized in December. 1886; the Homoeopathic
Medical Society of Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana ; Homoeopathic
Medical Society of Tuscola and Adjacent Counties; Thayer Homoeopathic
Medical Society of Southern IMichigan. 1876; Wayne County Homoeopathic
Institute, 1868; Western Michitran Institute of Homoeopathy. 1886; Homoe-
opathic Society of Western Michiga'.i, 1903.
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY :^>25
Grace Hospital, Detroit, as an institution of homoeopathy, is closely allied
to the Detroit Homoeopathic College, in which connection its full history is
narrated.
In this connection, also, it is proper to make some brief mention of the
homoeopathic relation to the Michigan Asylum for Insane Criminals, in
Ionia, which is a state institution, under homceopathic care, incorporated in
1883 and opened in 1885.
REMINISCENCES.
Sometime between 1841 and 1843 Dr. S. S. Hall, who had for many
years practiced medicine and was then living in Detroit, became in-
terested in homoeopathy. His son was suffering with a bronchial trouble
for which he could obtain no relief, and he procured homoeopathic books and
medicines and devoted himself to the study of his own case. Relying on his
father for proper diagnosis, he also prescribed for other patients, and it is
said that during the year 1843 the father and son treated one hundred and
fifty difficult chronic cases and cured one hundred of them.
Another physician, Dr. C. A. Lamb, living in Pontiac, became interested
in the new medical practice and borrowed books and medicines from Dr. Hall
and began to practically investigate the subject of homoeopathy.
In 1843 Rev. J. D. Perry, who had been restored to health by homoe-
opathic medicines while living in the east, went to Michigan. He became
acquainted with Dr. Hall and was largely instrumental in inducing him to
adopt the hom.oeopathic practice. Mr. Perry also persuaded Dr. Thomas
Blackwood of Plymouth, Wayne county, to test the truth of the new prac-
tice, with the result that he soon became an avowed follower of the doctrines
of Hahnemann. In a visit to a patient Dr. Blackwood met Dr. Lamb and
the result of the treatment caused the latter to espouse the new cause. Mr,
Perrv was a zealous missionary of homoeopathy and made many converts.
He was of value in assisting young physicians, and was held in great esteem.
He is said to have been a skillful prescriber.
There seems to be some doubt as to the first practitioner of homoeopathy
in' the state. Dr. A. Bagley, a pioneer, gives that honor to Dr. John Mosher.
Dr. E. M. Hale called Dr. Mosher the pioneer in central and southern Michi-
gan. Dr. Francis Woodruff accords the honor to Dr. Hall. It is certain that
Dr. Mosher was practicing homoeopathy in Somerset, Hillsdale county, as
early as 1842. He lived in Cayuga county. New York, as early as 1810. He
had become converted through a young lawyer named Peterson, who had
occupied a part of Dr. MosheV's ofiice in Union Springs, N. Y. This was in
the thirties. Peterson had visited New York where he became interested in
the new medicine, then unknown in Union Springs, and on his return told
Dr. Mosher of its wonderful results and something of its methods in prac-
tice. Soon after this Dr. Mosher removed to Somerset, Hillsdale county,
Michigan, where homoeopathy never had been heard of, and, notwithstand-
ing the opposition of the allopaths, in a few years he established a large prac-
tice. He was a man of strong will and great mental energy, and fought the
battle for homoeopathy manfully and successfully. In 1850 Dr. Mosher was
a member of the convention to revise the constitution of the state and he
was largely instrumental in effecting the change in the law so that any quali-
fied person could practice medicine and collect fees.
Dr. L. Sabine located near Dr. Mosher in the town of Adams. Hillsdale
countv, in 1844. and practiced in that vicinity until his death in 1855.
326 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Dr. Lewis Dodge settled in Adrian, Lenawee covnity, in 1843, remaining
there until 1850. He had a wide practice, often riding from thirty to fifty
miles, and he gained a good reputation.
Dr. John Ellis located in Grand Rapids in 1843. ^ short time before,
while he was in practice at Chesterfield, Mass., his attention was called to
homoeopathy, and he procured books and medicines and devoted himself to
its study, but did not practice it until he had settled in Michigan. He was
a noted surgeon and performed a number of remarkable operations, one of
which mention was made in Mott's notes on " Velpeau's Surgery," and was
also commented on in the allopathic journals of that day. Dr. Ellis practiced
in Grand Rapids three years and then went to New York for further study.
In 1846 he returned to Michigan and located in Detroit, forming a partner-
ship with Dr. P. M. Wheaton, who had succeeded Dr. Hall. He remained
there fifteen years. He was one of the men who were instrumental in secur-
ing a professorship of homceopathy in the University of Michigan.
Dr. Thomas Blackwood was the pioneer homoeopath in Ypsilanti and
Ann Arbor, settling in the latter town in 1847. While living in Plymouth
he was challenged by Dr. E. F. Olds, a champion of allopathy, to a public dis-
cussion of the merits of the two systems of medicine, with the result that
Dr. Olds became a believer in homoeopathy. In 1847 Dr. Olds removed to
Ann" Arbor and was invited by his allopathic brethren to repeat his lectures
against homoeopathy, which he refused to do, being half-convinced of its
truth.
Dr. Isaac Newton Eldridge was converted to homoeopathy in New York
state by Dr. A. P. Biegler of Rochester, and after studying under Dr. C. M.
Dake of Genesee, for three years, he went to Michigan in 1846 locating in
Ann Arbor, where he was a partner a short time with Dr. Blackwood. Dr.
Eldridge cured several cases that Dr. Olds had given up, and this completed
the latter's conversion. The two were then associated for a short time. In
185 1 Dr. Eldridge located in Flint, being the pioneer there.
Dr. H. Knapp became a convert to homoeopathy in 1849 ^"^ located in
Adrian. In relating his early professional experience he once wrote : " I
pitched my tent in Brooklyn, Jackson county, in October, 1839, where for
ten years I practiced medicine under th-e old school banner. During my
residence in Brooklyn I heard of Dr. Adams living west of Clinton, and Dr.
Mosher of Cambridge, practicing homoeopathy occasionally, but the first
homoeopathic physician with whom I came in contact was Dr. Amos Walker.
We were allopathic competitors for a few years in Brooklyn." * * * " About
this time it became my duty to deliver an essay before the Jackson County Med-
ical Society, of which I was president, in which I paid particular attention to
humbugs, claiming homoeopathy to be the chief and explaining it away ac-
cording to my philosophy. T have preserved that essay as a curiosity. After
Dr. Walker went east I felt it a duty I owed to the friends who had so val-
iantly stood by me to prove to them that what I had claimed was true. So
I sent to Drs. Ellis and Thayer of Detroit, then the jirincipal homoeopaths of
Michigan, for some remedies, and a book of instructions for using them. I
was determined to prove experimentally that in practice homceopathy was a
humbug. They sent me ' Jahr's Ten Remedies ' and ten of the principal
medicines, aconite, arnica, arsenisum, belladonna, bryonia, etc. After trying
these remedies for nearly a year T was convinced that there was something
in the svstcm, sent for more books and medicines and was soundly converted
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 327
to homoeopathy. This I afterward acknowledged to Dr. Walker, and said
that in opposing him I became converted. Twenty years of my homoeopathic
experience were in Adrian, in which place I located in October, 1849.. Dur-
ing the first ten years of my practice in Adrian, my business was very large
and my practice very successful. At first I had ten old school competitors,
but after some four years only five remained, as I had taken their best fam-
ilies. When I first went to Adrian I was associated with Dr. Lewis Dodge,
who subsequently removed to Cleveland, being appointed professor in the
homoeopathic college established there about that time."
Dr. Lamb, after his conversion by Dr. Hall, went to Farmington, Oak-
land county, where he delivered lectures on homoeopathy. He then located
in Pontiac and remained a short time, returning thence to Farmington. Later
on Dr. Lamb removed to Clinton county, retired from practice and entered
the ministry. He continued to preach until his death in 1884, when he was
in his eighty-fifth year. He was greatly respected and was known as " Father
Lamb."
Dr. S. B. Thayer located in Detroit in 1847 ^^^ began the practice of
homoeopathy. He had practiced allopathy in Kalamazoo until 1846. when
his attention was called to homoeopathy by Dr. E. A. Atlee of Philadelphia.
He tested the system al the bedside, adopted it, removed to Detroit, and be-
came ]3artner with Dr. Ellis. Dr. Thayer was of great assistance in gaining
for homoeopathy recognition in the University of Michigan.
Dr. John Doy was one of the pioneers of Michigan homoeopathy. He
came to the United States from Engliand in 1846. He had been an old school
practitioner, and soon after 1846 located in Battle Creek. He says in a let-
ter written in 1867: "I practiced as a regular, as the dominant school is
called, for twelve years, came to this country in 1846 and have practiced
homoeopathy more or less ever since, the less part was while making Kansas
a free state ; I was not allowed by the invaders to practice with little pills,
but distributed large blue pills from and with a ' Beecher's Bible' (a rifle).
While in Kansas Dr. Doy was persecuted, arrested, imprisoned, and rescued
by force.
Dr. P. M. Wheaton located in Detroit at a date not now definitely known,
but it must have been as early as 1845, ^s he became partner with Dr. John
Ellis in 1846. In December, 1848, he was practicing in Nashville, Tennessee.
In a letter written in 1847, Dr. Wheaton said : "Homoeopathy is progressing
steadilv and surelv throughout Michigan. We have now more than a dozen
avowed and acknowledged practitioners of homoeopathy throughout the state,
and several allopaths are investigating its truth. The result of the investiga-
tion I anticipate will be the same as it always has been when homoeopathy has
been examined and tested by honest men. I mean its unhesitating adoption."
Dr. John R. Jewett began to practice homoeopathy in 1846 in Lyons, Ionia
county, farther west than his fellow practitioners. In 1832 he received a ter-
ritorial license and had practiced the old school system at Lyons. In 1838
his attention was called to homoeopathy by the address of Dr. Hering, pub-
hshed in "A Concise View of Homoeopathy" in 1833 and by a communica-
tion from Dr. Gideon Humphrey of Philadelphia ; but it was not until 1846
that he declared his belief. In 1851 he attended lectures and received a de-
gree from the Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine.
Dr. A. Van Dusen introduced homoeopathy in Birmingham, Oakland
county, previous to 1846. Dr. Charles Jeffries began practice in Ingham
328 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
county before 1846, and Dr. E. W. Cowles located in Adrian about the same
time.
Besides the regularly educated physicians who had become converts to
the mild system of medicine, there were several laymen who procured Her-
ing's " Domestic Practice " and some homoeopathic remedies for use in the
then sparsely settled towns in which they lived, and were wont to prescribe
for their neighbors. Among them were the Rev. Mr. Kanosh of Washtenaw
county, Rev. J. N. Reed, H. C. Knight, and Rev. Mr. Perry, of whom men-
tion has been made.
Dr. Charles L. Merriman located in Jackson about 1847. In 1849 the
following letter was written by him to Drs. Ellis and Thayer, and very plainly
Edwin M. Hale, M. D.
shows the conditions with which the early homoeopathic practitioners in
Michigan were surrounded. " The excitement here in Jackson in favor of
homoeopathy amounts to a perfectly wild enthusiasm. I address you to learn
if there is within the bounds of your acquaintance an experienced, scientific
and practical homoeopathic physician, who can be procured to come to my
assistance. I am willing to guarantee a business that will be entirely satis-
factory to such a man. You can scarcely imagine my anxiety on account of
the circumstances imder which I am placed. I have on hand from twenty
to thirty patients at ])rescnt, and I am rejecting daily about the same number.
Many of these I havf taken from Ihe hands of the allopathic physicians after
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 329
the friends, and in some cases the physicians, have despaired of their re-
covery. Among the latter, I am happy to state, I have had thus far the most
marked success."
Dr. Charles Mann O'Dell located in Paw Paw in 1850 and began the
practice of homoeopathy. He had come from Canada, where he had prac-
ticed allopathy and the eclectic system. He had been cured of a lingering
sickness by Dr. J. I. Lancaster, a homoeopathic practitioner of Canada, and
this decided him to practice homoeopathy. He graduated from the Detroit
Homoeopathic College. He was a zealous Methodist, and in 1863 was ordained
to the ministry, after which he combined the two professions.
Dr. Charles Hastings, a graduate of the Columbian Medical College,
adopted homoeopathy previous to 1850 and located in Detroit. In 1852 the
board of auditors of Wayne county appointed him county physician. The
" Detroit Tribune " in commenting upon this said : " This, we believe, is al-
most the only instance of the appointment of a homoeopathic physician to such
a post."
Dr. Hastings, writing to Drs. Pulte and Gatchell in 1852 regarding the
introduction of homoeopathy into the University of Michigan, said : " The
assertion that homoeopathy is going down in the west is false, and in Michi-
gan it stands higher and promises sooner to redeem the people from the er-
rors and sufferings of allopathy than ever before. In no, state has homoe-
opathy succeeded better than in Michigan, and the future promises quite as
much as the past has realized. Seven years since, there was scarcely a physi-
cian in our state practicing the new system, and now there are not less
than forty, and perhaps as many more who are investigating it, with adher-
ents numbering nearlv one-third of the reading and intelligent citizens of the
state."
Dr. O. D. Goodrich located in Allegan, Allegan county, in the western
part of the state in 1855. He had practiced in Allegan as early as 1836, in
1845 had gone to Connecticut, and there had become satisfied of the truth of
homoeopathy. He was the first homoeopathic practitioner in Allegan county.
Dr. Srnith Rogers, who had attended the Western College of Homoe-
opathic Medicine during the session of 1851-52, located in Union City, Branch
county, in 1852, being the first homoeopathic practitioner there. He re-
mained five years and iheh went to Battle Creek. In 1856 a Dr. Rodgers
was practicing there, and in 1867 there were five homoeopathic practitioners
in Union City.
Dr. Francis Woodruff graduated from the Western College of Homoe-
opathic Medicine, Cleveland, in 1852, and located in Ann Arbor, where he re-
mained until 1875 and then went to Detroit. Dr. Woodruff was one of the
earnest workers in establishing homoeopathy in the University of Michigan.
Dr. Elijah H. Drake, having studied medicine in New York state, and
having received a practitioner's license from the Steuben County Medical
Societv. settled in Battle Creek in 1845, and began the practice of allopathy.
The principles of homoeopathy were brought to his attention by Drs. Ellis
and Thayer, and in i8S4, after attending lectures and graduating from the
Rush Medical College, he began the practice of homoeopathy in Detroit. _ He
lived twenty vears in. Detroit and became a leader in his school of medicine.
He was killed in a railroad accident in Ypsilanti, November 16, 1874.
Dr. William Hanford White began the practice of homoeopathy in Cold-
330 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
water, Branch county, in 1854. In 1866 he removed to New York city, enter-
ing into a partnership with Dr. E. E. Marcy.
Dr. David C. Powers located in Coldwater in 1855 and became partner
v>7ith Dr. White. He had graduated in 1848 from the Berkshire Medical Col-
lege, Pittsfield, Mass. In 1849 lie went to California but returned the next
year, married and located in Auburn, N. Y,, where he became converted to
homoeopathy. In the autumn of 1855 he settled in Coldwater.
Dr. Frederick Finster graduated from the Western College of Homoe-
opathic Medicine in 1855, and at once entered into partnership with Dr. E.
H. Drake in Detroit. He remained there two years and in 1857 went to Port
Huron, where he died in 1885.
Dr. Edwin M. Hale was an early practitioner in Michigan and a physi-
cian of ability. While a young man he had been cured of pneumonia by
homoeopathic treatment and this resolved him to study homoeopathy, which
he did against the advice of his father. He attended the Western College
of Homoeopathic Medicine at its first session, and in 1850 located in Jones-
ville, Hillsdale county, being the pioneer in that section. He remained in
that town until 1864.
Dr. E. D. Burr located at Mason, Eaton cf)unty, previous to 1846, and
afterward settled in Lansing. In 1857 he was practicing in Eaton Rapids.
He formerly had been a practitioner of allopathy.
Dr. Eugene Bitely graduated from the Western College of Homoeopathic
Medicine in 1853, ^^i^ located at Paw Paw, where he practiced until his
death, March 31, 1873.
Dr. Erastus R. Ellis, nephew of Dr. John Ellis, studied with his uncle,
graduated from the Western Homoeopathic College in 1857, and at once lo-
cated in Grand Rapids, where he remained until 1867, and then went to De-
troit.
BIOGRAPHICAL.
Dr. John Ellis w^as born in Ashfield, Mass.. November 26, 181 5. He
studied medicine at Berkshire Medical College, Pittsfield. where he grad-
uated in 1841. He first located in Chesterfield, remained there about a
year, and then went to Grand Rapids. He became interested in homoe-
opathy while in Chesterfield. In 1846 he located in Petroit where he practiced
for fifteen years, during the last six of which he devoted a part of his tim.e
to lecturing on theory and practice of medicine at the Western Homoeopathic
College of Cleveland. In 1861 he went to New York, opened an ofiice, and
accepted the chair of theory and practice of medicine in the then recently
opened New York Homoeopathic Medical College. About 1868 he gave up
practice and entered manufacturing pursuits. He was an earnest advocate
of temperance and other reforms, and wrote a number of books on hygienic
subjects. He died December 3, 1896.
Dr. Lewis Dodge was born in Utica, N. Y., June 27. 1815. He was edu-
cated at Woodstock Academy, Hamilton College, Geneva Medical College,
and the Ohio State and L^nion Law School. From 1840 to 1843 '""c was pro-
fessor in Granville College, Licking county. Ohio, being principal of the pre-
paratory department. Leaving that position, he opened a private training
school for bovs and voung men for college or business. While thus occupied
he met Dr. John Ellis in Detroit. In 1844-45 he attended lectures at Geneva
College and then commenced the practice of homoeopathy in Adrian. He at-
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 331
tended the HoiiKTeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1849-50 and
graduated from there. Two years later he received an honorary degree from
the same institution. In 1850 he became a professor in the Western College
of Homoeopathic Medicine. About i860 he removed to Chicago. He died
in June, 1890.
Dr. S. B. Thayer was born in Canandaigua, N. Y., February 12, 181 5.
He was educated in Medicine at Geneva, and graduated from the medical de-
partment of the Western Reserve College, Ohio, in 1842. He practiced in
Kalamazoo county until 1846, when his attention was called to the homoe-
opathic practice by Dr. E. A. Atlee of Philadelphia. He adopted the system
and removed to -Detroit, entering into partnership with Dr. John Ellis. In
1861 he was appointed surgeon to the 2d Missouri cavalry (Merrill's Horse)
and afterward laecame brigade surgeon and medical director of a military
district. He left the army in 1863 and settled in Battle Creek. He was a
persistent anti-slavery man. He died September 16, 1874.
Dr. John Mosher was born in Washington county, N. Y., in 1783. In
1809 he was elected a member of the Washington County Medical Society.
In 1810 he went to Cayuga county, where as a physician, merchant, and
faithful public officer, he was greatly esteemed. In 1842 he removed to Hills-
dale county. His death occurred November 5, 1856.
Dr. John R. Jewett was born in Saybrook, Middlesex county, Conn.,
March 5, 1809. In 1829 he commenced the study of medicine in Ann Arbor
with his cousin. Dr. David Lord. In the winter of 1831-32 he attended lectures
in Cincinnati, and the next year received a license to practice from the Terri-
torial Medical Society. In 1838 his attention was called to homoeopathy, and
in 1846 he adopted that system. He received the degree from the Western
College of Homoeopathic Medicine in 1853.
Dr. Isaac Newton Eldridge was born in Livingston county, N. Y., Aug-
ust 5, 1819. He studied medicine under Dr. C. M. Dake of Genesee, N. Y.
He located in Ann Arbor in 1846, and in 185 1 went to Flint, where he died,
January 18, 1893.
Dr. Thomas Fuller Pomeroy was born in Cooperstown. Otsego county,
N. Y., May 11, 1816. He was educated at Hamilton and Union Colleges,
graduating from the latter in 1836. After reading law one year, he went to
Cleveland. Ohio, and' engaged in mercantile pursuits, and fourteen years later
took up the study of medicine, having in the meantime become a convert to
homcBopathy. He graduated from the Western College of Homoeopathic
Medicine in 1853, ^^^ located in Utica, N. Y., where he was in partnership
with Dr. Lucien B. Wells, an old friend of his father, until 1859, when he re-
moved to Detroit. In 1891, his health failing, he sought relief in Philadelphia,
and being restored, he went to Providence, where he resided until his death,
April 2, 1892, at the age of seventy-six years.
Dr. Eugene Bitely was born in Moreau, Saratoga county, N. Y., April
17, 1824. He graduated from the Western College of Homoeopathic Medi-
cine in 1853, and acted as demonstrator of anatomy in his alma mater during
the winters of 1854 and 1855, being at the time located in Paw Paw. He
died March 31, 1873.
Dr. Edwin M. Hale was born in Newport, N. H., February 2, 1829, his
father, Dr. S. Hale, also being a practitioner of medicine. The elder Hale
removed from New Hampshire to Ohio when the son was seven years of age,
locating in Fredonia, near Newark. At the age of eighteen young Hale
332
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
learned the trade of printing and became associate editor of" a newspaper in
Newark. While there he was attacked with pneumonia and was attended by
Dr. A. O. Blair, then the only homoeopathic physician in the place. He was
cured so promptly that he became a believer in homoeopathy, and a,c:ainst the
wishes of his father began the study of the new system under Dr. Blair. He
attended the Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine in 1850, and then
located at Jonesville, Hillsdale county. He remained there twelve years and
in 1864 located in Chicago, where he passed the remainder of his life. His
death occurred January 15, 1899. Dr. Hale was best known by his voluminous
writings and publications on homoeopathic materia medica. He also was the
author of some works upon the diseases of women. At one time he held the
chair of materia medica in the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago.
Charles J. Hempel, M. D.
Dr. Frederick Finster was born in Bavaria, Germany, April 3, 1831. He
came to this country when six years of age, and in 1850 became a student of
medicine with Dr. John Ellis and Dr. S.^B. Thayer of Detroit. He attended
the University of Michigan in 1853, and graduated from the Western College
of Homoeopathic Medicine in 1855. He became partner with Dr. E. H.
Drake, and two years later removed to Port Huron.
Dr. Alfred Isaac Sawyer was born m Lyme township, Ohio, October 31,
1828. He graduated from the Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine
in 1854. and entered into partnership with his former preceptor. Dr. D. H.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
333
Beckwith of ]\rarietta. He also practiced in Zanesville. In 1856 he passed
some time in New York in study. In the spring of 1857 he settled at Mon-
roe, where he remained until his death, May 7, 1891.
Dr. Charles Julius Hempel located in Grand Rapids in 1859, making
that place his permanent home until his death, September 24, 1879.
Homoeopathic physicians in Michigan previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homcE-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some
other school; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine
before the date given.
1857 Bagley, A. x Marshall
1857 Bagg, Dr. x Corunna
1857 Ball, Dr. x Grand Lodge
1848 Baldwin, S. C. x Jackson's Mills
1853 Bitely, Eugene Paw Paw
184s Bissell, A. F. Grand Rapids
1857 Botsford, A. H. x Grand Rapids
1845 Blackwood, Thomas * Plymouth
1846 Burr, E. D. * Mason
1857 Brown, Dr. x Farmington
1857 Brown, Dr. x Pinckney
1857 Carpenter, R. x Ann Arbor
1857 Cronell, Dr. x Kalamazoo
1857 Cranmer, Dr. x Kalamazoo
1857 Clark, Dr. x Niles
1847 Cowles, E. W. X Ann Arbor
1857 Day, S. B. x Detroit
1845 Dodge, Lewis Adrian
1846 Doy, John * Battle Creek
1854 Driggs, H. C. * Detroit
1853 Drake, Elijah H. * Detroit
1846 Ellis, John * Grand Rapids
1857 Ellis, Erastus R. Grand Rapids
1846 Eldridge, Isaac N. Flint
1859 Farnsworth, A. M. East Saginaw
1855 Finster, Frederick Detroit
1857 Fish, Dr. x Otisco
.... Fulton, S. J. Tecumseh
1857 Godfrey, E. x Quincy
1855 Goodrich, O. D. * Allegan
1857 bray, A. x Dexter
1841 Hall, S. S. * Detroit
1850 Hale, Edwin M. Jonesville
IC150 Hastings, Charles * Detroit
1857 Mawley, Dr. x Lansing
1845 Hempel, Charles J. Grand Rapids
1857 Hemingway, Dr. x Flint
1850 Hewitt, J. L Detroit
1857 Hopkins, L H. x Pomfret
1S57 Huntington, Dr. x Howell
846 Jewett, John R. * Lyons
846 Jeffries, Charles x Dexter
850 Kanosh, Rev. Washtenaw county
857 King, Dr. x Detroit
850 Knight, H. C. (Hon.) layman
849 Knapp, H. * Adrian
846 Lamb, C. A. * Pontiac
857 Lander, Dr. x Monroe
846 Meacham, W. P. x Pontiac
848 Merriman, Charles Jackson
857 Miller, W. x White Pigeon
842 Mosher, John * Somerset
857 Mott, P. W. x Hillsdale
848 Olds, E. F. * Salem
850 O'Dell, Charles M. * Paw Paw
857 Pattison, Wm. x Ypsilanti
851 Powers, David C. * Cold Water
843 Perry, J. D. (Rev.) Detroit
857 Pierce, Dr. x Ypsilanti
853 Pomeroy, Thomas F. Detroit
... Reed, J. N. (Rev.)
857 Reynolds, L C. x Jackson
864 Rice, M. B. * Lansing
852 Rogers, Smith Union City
857 Rudolph, S. B. X Detroit
854 Sawyer, Alfred L IMonroe
844 Sabine, L. Adams
857 Sill, J. X Kalamazoo
857 Shepherd, Dr. x Grand Rapids
857 Smith, Dr. x Monroe
857 Sullings, H. X Battle Creek
857 Sangen, Dr. x Detroit
847 Thayer, S. B. * Battle Creek
850 Turrill, G. F. Detroit
845 Van Dusen, A. Birmingham
847 Walker, Amos * Pontiac
857 Wheeler, Dr. x Pontiac
845 Wheaton, P. M. * Detroit
854 White, William B. Cold Water
852 Woodruff, Francis Ann Arbor
334 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XXIV
HOMOEOPATHY IN GEORGIA.
By Thomas LIndsley Bradford, M. D.
This State not Highly Productive of Homoeopathic History — Gilbert and Schley, the
Pioneers — Reminiscences of Other Early Practitioners.
While homoeopathy was known in Georgia as early as 1842, the condi-
tions in the state were of such character that the few practitioners there were
inclined to limit the field of their operations to the commercial centers. Pre-
vious to the war of 1861-1865 the slave people furnished at least half of the
physician's patronage, and in consequence of this many medical men were
stationed on the plantations, where they supported themselves in comfort, but
after the war the country was in an impoverished condition, while the ex-
penses of living were much increased, hence the more promising fields of
the western country drew away many homoeopathic physicians whose ambi-
tion in life was to accomplish something.
The pioneer of homoeopathy in Georgia was Dr. James Banks Gilbert,
who settled in Savannah in 1842. He was a graduate of the University
Medical College of New York, and a former student of Dr. John F. Gray of
that city. His remarkable success in the state was due wholly to his splendid
capacity and attainments, and he succeeded in building up for himself a large
practice, and at the same time gave the homoeopathic school an excellent stand-
ing in the south. On his arrival in Savannah he presented his diploma and
became a member of the Georgia Medical Society, and after he was fairly
established his success attracted the attention of a fellow member. Dr. James
M. Schley, who soon afterward went to New York and placed himself under
Gray's medical instruction. On his return he also began the practice of homoe-
opathy, but before long both these worthies were arraigned for trial before
the medical society on charge of promulgating the heresies of Hahnemann's
doctrine ; and they were expelled, but they were not crushed nor subdued,
and the people employed them whenever they had need of medical attention.
Dr. Gilbert died in 1853, and Dr. Schley in 1874.
Dr. W. H. Banks settled at an early date in Savannah, becoming part-
ner with Dr. Gilbert. In 1850 Dr. Francis Hodgson Orme entered the office
of Dr. Gilbert as a student, and completed his studies in the medical depart-
ment of the University of New York. He graduated from that institution in
1854, returned to Savannah and entered into partnership with Dr. Banks.
Almost his first professional experience was during the epidemic of yellow
fever that so terribly decimated the south in 1855, and during which one
thousand people died of that disease. During the height of the epidemic, of
five homoeopathic physicians then resident in Savannah, Dr. Orme alone was
able to practice, the others having sickened and left the city. He escaped the
fever until late in the season, when a severe attack compelled him to leave his
post for a time. His great success with homoeopathic remedies caused the sys-
tem to become very popular. The partnersliip with Dr. Banks continued for four
HISTORY OF HOiMCEOPATHY
335
years, when another epidemic of yellow fever visited the region, and Dr.
Orme for the second time contracted the disease. He went to Atlanta, in which
city he afterward made his home. In 1878 he was a member of the Homoe-
opathic Yellow Fever Commission. He has taken an active part in sessions
of the American Institute of Homoeopathy.
Dr. Louis Knorr also was an early practitioner of homoeopathy in Savan-
nah. He was a graduate of the University of Munich in 1848, and became
a convert to homoeopathy in 1850.
Dr. Louis Alexander Falligant located in Savannah in 1858, associating
himself with Dr. Schley. He then had just graduated from the Homoeopathic
Medical College of Pennsylvania. At the commencement of the war he en-
II. Onne. M. I).
tered the confederate army, serving as captain and aide-de-camp, and from
1862 to 1864 as health officer at Savannah.
Dr. Edward Worthington Starr settled as an allopathic physician in Co-
lumbus in 1836, but after a time he became convinced that homoeopathy was
the true system of healing and adopted it in his practice. In i860 he attended
lectures in New Y'ork and Philadelphia, and returned to Columbus, where he
practiced until his death in 1862.
Dr. William Elliott Dunwody practiced allopathy in Marietta from 1845
to 1856, when he adopted the homoeopathic system.
Dr. Samuel Pierre Hunt became a convert to homoeopathy in 1858, and
after serving through the war in the confederate army, located with his fam-
ily in Augusta.
Dr. William Earned Cleveland located in Atlanta in 1858, after graduat-
336
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
ing from the Western Homceopathic College of Cleveland. The cure of his
sister by Dr. Bayard of New York first turned his attention to homoeopathy.
He built up a large practice in Atlanta, where he died May 20, 1876.
J^-
Wm. L. Cleveland, M. D.
Homoeopathic physicians in Georgia previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some
other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine
before the date given.
1850 Banks, W. H. x Savannah 1857
1856 Clcckley, H. M. Columbus 1857
1856 Cleckley, Marsden A. Columbus 1850
1859 Cleveland, William L. Atlanta 1857
1856 Dunwody, William E. * Marietta 1854
1858 Falligant, Louis A. Savannah 1857
1857 Gebhardt, Dr. x Augusta 1844
1857 Goode, S. W. X Lumpkins 1859
1857 Geiger, C. A. x Roswell 1857
1842 Gilbert, James B. ♦ Savannah 1857
Home, W. x Savannah
Hunt, Samuel Pierre * Augusta
Knorr, Louis Savannah
Kohlhaus, Dr. x Savannah
Orme, Francis H. Atlanta
Roosevelt, C. J. x Macon
Schley, James M. * Savannah
Starr, Edward W. * Columbus
Thayer, H. R. x Augusta
Van Voorhies, H. x Augusta
HISTORY OF HO.\JG-:OPATHY 337
CHAPTER XXV
IIOMOriOPATHN' IX WISCONSIN.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
The Pioneers of Homoeopathy in Wisconsin — The Conditions there Described by Dr.
Chittenden — Wisconsin State Homoeopathic Medical Society — Recollections of the
Pioneers and their Early Experiences — List of Old Practitioners.
Homoeopathy preceded statehood in the region now called Wisconsin,
and dates its history in the territory from 1846, when Dr. Henry Hull Cator,
a former practitioner in Syracuse, New York, removed from that city to Mil-
waukee on account of the health of his wife. Tradition says, however, that
homoeopathic medicines were first used in the state by the wife of an Episco-
pal clergyman, and that Green Bay in Brown county was the scene of her
ministrations.
During the ten years following Dr. Cator's coming to Milwaukee, the
development and outspreading of the system were comparatively rapid, and
records show that in 1857 thirty-two physicians of the school were in prac-
tice in the state. In 1870 the number had increased to more than one hun-
dred and fifty, and in 1880 to almost two hundred. In 1904 there were two
hundred and thirty-four homcKopathic physicians in the state. The conditions
which surrounded the early practice in this state are interestingly described
in an article written in 1851 by Dr. Chittenden, and from which a few ex-
tracts are here given :
■' In this state, as through the great west, the mighty ball of homoe-
opathic truth is fast rolling on. It is always waxing and knows no waning.
The old school has taken the alarm and sounded it throughout the country.
Organized efforts are made in almost every county (when a homoeopathist
enters) to oppose its progress, and what is very remarkable, the object of
these societies is always to promote medical science. They have worked hard
in this county, bringing everything possible to bear, from the foolish story
of the child's eating a whole phial of the little sugar pills without hurting
it, up to the great extermination of the Rev. Dr. Latta ; a large number of
which were gratuitously circulated in the town for the protection of the dear
people against quackery. The first has been much more effectual than the
last, but we survive both to the tune of a large increase in our practice."
From this it is seen that misrepresentation and abuse prevailed in Wis-
consin as in other states, and that to be a homoeopathic practitioner there in
early days meant hardships and vicissitudes. In 1848 the homoeopathic prac-
titioners formed an association called the Western Institute of Homoeopathy,
for the main purpose of proving drugs. About the same time the allopathic
society was reorganized, and soon afterward renewed its attacks on the new
school practice with such vigor that the " Homoeopathic Medical Reporter,"
a journal of the new school published in Milwaukee, gave vent to its feelings
in an article from which a few excerpts are made :
" It was perfectly understood that the members were not only to avoid
338 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
recognizing ns as physicians, but that they were not to know us as human
beings in any of the relations of Hfe. Scarcely Sn individual member acceded
to us any of the common civilities of life. When we accidentally met at the
house of a common friend, and had, as a matter of common civility, an in-
troduction, ,we were treated with such marked incivility that the family
felt that they, as well as we, were insulted in their own house. One of the
members of the association having been seen to recognize us in the street,
received a severe reprimand for it. He excused himself by saying that he did
not recognize us as physicians, but as men. He thought us clever fellows
and liked to talk with us. The reply was, it is no matter, you have no busi-
ness to know them at all."
WISCONSIN STATE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
In 1848, four years after the organization of the American Institute of
Homoeopathy, the Wisconsin members of that body aroused themselves in the
work of creating a branch of the parent society in their own state, and to
that end brought into existence what was called the Wisconsin Institute of
Homoeopathy, which was organized in Milwaukee, and was continued a few
years with indifferent success. Ten years later, June 16, 1858, the homoe-
opathic profession in the state held a meeting in Milwaukee and organized
the Homoeopathic Medical Association of the State of Wisconsin, a larger
and stronger body than its predecessor, though the period of its existence was
comparatively brief.
The third homoeopathic state society was that which still exists, and
which dates its history from October 18, 1865. The first officers were Dr. T.
J. Patchin of Fond du Lac, president ; Dr. E. L. Ober of La Crosse, vice-presi-
dent ; Dr. H. B. Dale of Oshkosh, secretary ; Dr. P. Moore of Nenah, treas-
urer ; Drs. Pierce of Green Bay, Page of Appleton and Swetting of Berlin,
censors. The society was incorporated in 1868. Its annual meetings are
held in different cities, with occasional semi-annual meetings for special busi-
ness purposes; membership in 1904, about 115.
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. Cator, who located in Milwaukee in 1846, practiced in that city
in partnership with Dr. L. M. Tracy during his residence there ; but soon
after the recovery of his wife's health he left the field and returned to New
York state.
In the autumn of 1847, soon after Dr. Cator returned east. Dr. James
S. Douglas, who had for three years previously been practicing homoeopathy
in the state of New York, located in Milwaukee and at once entered into
partnership with Dr. Tracy. Fie was an energetic man and in the east had
delivered lectures on medicine in Madison, N. Y., and in IMilwaukee he en-
deavored by all means possible to interest the people in the subject of homoe-
opathy and advance its cause. In 1848, with his partner he edited and pub-
lished a small journal, the " Milwaukee Homoeopathic Medical Reporter."
Drs. Douglas and Tracy also conducted a homoeopathic pharmacy, which was
opened as early as 1847 or 1848. Dr. Douglas passed the rest of his pro-
fessional life in Milwaukee. He was the author of several books. He died
at Macomb City, Miss., in August, 1878, at the home of his daughter. He
was born in Westmoreland, July 4, 1801. Dr. Tracy practiced in Milwaukee
manv vears.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY ;339
Dr. George W. Perrine located in Milwaukee in 1855. He had been
practicing for sixteen years in the state of New York, all but the last two
years as an allopathic physician. He also became a partner of Dr. Douglas.
In 1866 they published for one year a little monthly called the " Homoeopathic
Expositor," which was intended as a missionary paper. Dr. Perrine was
born in Lyons, N. Y., December 16, 1816, and died in Milwaukee, April 20,
1872.
Dr. Ernest Rupertus Kiimmel located in Milwaukee in 1859. ^^ was
a graduate of the Royal University in Halle, Prussia, in 1856, and began
the practice of homct'opathy in Coethen, Germany, soon afterward. In 1859
he came to Wisconsin, where he lived for a number of years.
In 1857 the following physicians were engaged in the practice of homoe-
opathy in Milwaukee : Drs. T. D. Brown, James S. Douglas, J. S. Graves,
Dr. Gunther, M. Mayer, G. W. Perrine, Purlewitz, L. M. Tracy and Rob-
ert J. Wilcox. In 1870 there were ten practitioners in ^lilwaukee ; in 1880,
twenty-three; in 1899, thirty-four; in 1904, thirty.
Dr. J. W. Evans introduced homoeopathy in Beloit, Rock county, in 1846,
remaining there until his death in 1867. He was the pioneer in that part of
the state. In 1848 Dr. Lewis Merriman went from Bloomington, 111., to Be-
loit, and located permanently. In 1848 homoeopathy was introduced in Janes-
ville, another town in Rock county, by Dr. W. H. Chittenden. In 1850 Dr.
G. W. Chittenden settled in Janesville.
Dr. Albert Giles, a graduate from ihe Berkshire Medical College, Pitts-
field, Mass., in 1835. and who had been practicing allopathy in Troy, Wis.,
since 1839, located in Racine in 1847. He became a convert to homoeopathy
in 1846. He remained in Racine several years, then went to Madison and
entered into partnership with Dr. J. Bowen of that place. In 1854 they edited
the " Madison Homoeopathy " of which only a few numbers were published.
Dr. Giles soon returned to Racine and entered into partnership with Dr. Rufus
B. Clark. His death occurred June 7, 1862.
Dr. Rodman Stoddard Gee settled in Racine about 1857. He had pre-
viously lived in Detroit and was a convert to homoeopathy and afterward an
occasional lecturer. He is said to have delivered twenty-five hundred lectures
on the relative merits of the two systems and to have published thirty thou-
sand pamphlets for gratuitous distribution. In a letter written in 1889 Dr,
Gee said : " I never wrote an article in my life for popularity but from pur-
pose to defend the truth ; nor have I to make money. My pamphlets and
lectures were for humanity, and were freely given. God will take care of
the count. Let us be faithful to our trust. My work is nearly done. May
the light burn while I live is my earnest desire."
Dr. Charles Spencer Duncombe settled at Racine in i860, entering into
partnership with Dr. Rufus B. Clark. Dr. Duncombe had graduated in
Geneva, N. Y., in 1844, ^"d located in Walworth county. Wis., immediately
afterward. He had practiced also in St. Thomas, Ontario. In i860 he re-
ceived a diploma from Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago.
Dr. Paschal P. Brooks was the first homoeopath in La Crosse, in 1855.
He had been for many years a practitioner of allopathy. He continued prac-
tice in La Crosse until his death, July 22, 1865. Dr. John S. Pfonts located
in La Crosse in 1854, and began the practice of homoeopathy. He had grad-
uated from an allopathic medical college in Philadelphia in 1853. but meet-
ing Dr. N. Seymour, a homoeopathic physician in Erie, Pa., he had becorne
3-tO HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
convinced of the truth of homoeopathy. He remained three years in La
Crosse and then went south.
Dr. Levi E. Ober located in La Crosse in 1857, having graduated from
the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati in 1850. He died in La Crosse,
March 26, 1881. He had previously practiced in Illinois.
Dr. Porter practiced homceopathy in Monroe, Green county, in 1850, re-
maining there many years. Dr. Sherman located in Monroe about the same
time. Dr. Lawton Colvin Slye settled in Waukesha, then known as Prarie-
ville, in 1843. While on a visit to Chicago in 1853 he was induced to investi-
gate homoeopathy and becoming satisfied of its truth purchased a case of
medicines and devoted a year to testing the results of its practice. He after-
ward located in Baraboo, Wis.
Dr. Crosby located in Green Bay, in 1851. In i860 Dr. Henry Pearce
came from London, England, and settled in Green Bay, where he remained
until his death, in 1875.
Drs. Stringham and Pantillon were the pioneers of homoeopathy in Fond
du Lac county. Dr. Stringham locating in Fond du Lac, and Dr. Pantillon
in Faycheedah. In 1855 Dr. T. J. Patchen settled in Fond du Lac.
Dr. John Davies studied medicine with Dr. D. M, Dake of Pittsburgh,
then went to Cleveland for a course of lectures at the Western Homoeopathic
College, and in 1858 located in Oshkosh. He received a diploma from the
Western Homoeopathic College in 1859. He practiced in Oshkosh about three
years, going from there to New York for further study. Dr. E. P. Gaylord
succeeded Dr. Davies and lived in Oshkosh two years, when he was succeeded
by Drs. H. B. Dale, W. H. Sanders, Eugene F. Storke and others. In 1899
Oshkosh supported seven homoeopathic physicians.
Dr. Marcus Swain located in Oshkosh in 1857, remained there three
years and then removed to Waupun, where he permanently located. He had
practiced allopathy in Chittenden county, Vermont, twenty years, but in 1857
embraced homoeopathy. From 1861 to 1865 he was physician to the states
prison at Waupun.
Dr. Fidelia Rachel Harris Reid began practice at Beaver Dam in 1857,
having recently graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati.
In i860 Dr. Harris married Rev. H. A. Reid. She soon after became inter-
ested in homoeopathy and studied it with her husband, who had left the medi-
cal profession a few years previously. During the war, she formed a corps
of nurses under sanction of the governor. She also was connected with the
sanitary commission at St. Louis. In 1869 she removed to Nebraska.
Dr. Walter Martin Williamson, son of Dr. Walter Williamson of Phila-
delphia, graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania
in 1857, and went to Applcton, Outagamie county. He remained there three
years, when his father's health necessitated his return to Philadelphia.
W. P. Butler and family located in Wood county in 1855. While there
Mrs. Butler obtained books and medicines and studied homoeopathy in order
to prescribe for her own family. Mr. Butler, writing in 1867, said: "My
wife is the only homoeopathic practitioner in the county, or for many miles
around. She is not a graduate of any medical institution, but commenced to
study and practice for the sole benefit of our own family, and because of her
excellent success at home our neighbors would send for her to attend their
children and act as a midwife."
Dr. Charles Byron Bannister went to Muswonago in 1856 and taught
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
341
school. He became acquainted with a homoeopathic physician from whom he
acquired some knowledge of the system. He then purchased a domestic work
and a case of medicines and commenced practice. In 1865 he went to Eagle
and opened an office. He had previously studied medicine with Dr. Samuel
Fuller at Chittenango, N. Y.
Dr. Samuel H. Gilbert graduated from the Western Homoeopathic GdI-
lege of Cleveland in 1857, and located in Kenosha, remaining there only a
few months.
In Door county, the peninsula extending along Green Bay, Dr. David
Graham located as a homoeopathic practitioner as early as 1840. In 1867
Dr. Graham wrote : " I am not a graduate of any medical school. I studied
medicine and practiced nearly two years under an old allopathic physician in
the state of Ohio, in 1844 ^"d 1845, but before I had an opportunity to grad-
uate I became disgusted with the treatment and abandoned practice entirely.
I became acquainted about that time with Dr. Ross, who was practicing homoe-
opathy in the village of Painesville, Lake county, Ohio. I told him my diffi-
culties and obtained a small case of medicines and a small book of instruc-
tions and came to Wisconsin. I studied my little book and prescribed the
little pills in my own family until in 1852, when I obtained Jahr's "Manual
of Homoeopathic Practice," with medicines, and began to prescribe for my
neighbors, and was soon given the title of Dr. Graham." Rev. A. M. Iverson
began practice in Door county in 1858. Dr. William Crane introduced homoe-
opathy in Trempaleau countv, in the extreme western part of the state, in
1861.
Homoeopathic physicians in Wisconsin previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some
other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine
before the date given
1858
1855
1857 Bannister, Christian B. Eagle
1857 Bartlett, Edward G. x Madison
Bettelej', George \V. x
Brooks, Paschal P. * La Crosse
1855 BiUler. Mrs. \V. P. Grand Rapids
1857 Brown. D. T. x Milwaukee
1850 Bowen, R. J. Madison
1850 Burke, — x Milwaukee
1842 Cator, Harvey H. * Milwaukee
1850 Chittenden, George W. Janesville
1848 Chittenden, W. H. Janesville
1856 Cole, Samuel P. Whitewater
1857 Coffin, T. L. X Wyocena
i860 Crane, William Trempaleau county
1850 Crosby, Dr. Green Bay
1858 Clark, Rufus B. Racine
i860 Dale. H. B. Oshkosh
1858 Davies, John Oshkosh
1844 Douglas. James S. * Milwaukee
1859 Duncombe, Charles S. * Racine
1857 Everett. Dr. x Beloit
1846 Evans. J. W. Beloit
1857 Fish, Dr. x Bradford
1856 Gee, Rodman S. Racine
1846 Giles, Albert * Troy
1857 Gilbert, Samuel H. Kenosha
1857 Gregory, L. M. x Lake Mills
1846 Graham, David Egg Harbor
1857 Graves. J. S. x Milwaukee
857 Gray, A. W. x Beloit
857 Gunther, Dr. x Milwaukee
857 Heckleman, L. A. x Schleisingerville
857 Hendrick, Dr. x Waukesha
8^7 Hovt, W. S. X Kenosha
85S Hoyt, P. B. X
855 Iverson, A. M. Egg Harbor
856 Kiimmel, Ernst R. Milwaukee
857 Mayer, M. x Milwaukee
857 Maine, E. C. Portage City
840 Merriman, Lewis * Beloit
857 Morse, Dr. x Delavan
850 Ober, Levi E. La Crosse
8.s8 Pearce, Henry Green Bay
Perrine, George W. x Milwaukee
Pantillon, Dr. Faycheedah
Patchin, T. J. Fond du Lac
Porter, Dr. Monroe
Purlewitz, Dr. x Milwaukee
Pfonts, John S. * La Crosse
857 Robinson, O. P. x Janesville
857 Swain. Marcus * Oshkosh
Stringham, William Fond du Lac
Slye, Lawton Colvin * Waukesha
Tracy, L. M. Milwaukee
57 Treat, R. B. x Janesville
851 Wilcox. Robert J. x Milwaukee
857 Williamson, Walter M. Appleton
853
850
854
850
857
854
850
85.3
84=
342 IjlSTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XXM
HOMOEOPATHY IX ALAI'.AMA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, !\I. D.
Homoeopathy never Strong in Alabama — Dr. Monroe Describes some Early Experiences
— The State Medical Association — Ulrich and Schafer, the Pioneers — Later Acces-
sions to the HomcEopathic Ranks — Reminiscences and Tables of Early Practitioners.
The Hahnemannian system of medicine has not grained a strong foothold
in Alabama, a condition due to several causes, not all worthy of presentation
ill these pages, but some of which are referred to in a letter written in Birm-
ingham in 1883 by Dr. A. Leight Monroe, as follows : " I had hardly begun
to make permanent arrangements toward living and practicing here when
the following information caused my heart to strike my fifth rib with a dull
thud : By the law of Alabama ' Mr. Homoeopath ' must pass an examination
before an allopathic board of examiners in anatomy, physiology, chemistry
and the mechanism of labor. In spite of the fact, since discovered, that they
used every effort to keep me out, the ordeal was safely passed. I have since
doubted whether the men who so impressively asked me the ' difference be-
tween the corpus luteum of pregnancy and menstruation,' the ' difference be-
tween an isomorphous and an isomeric body,' and ' mechanism of labor in a
posterior lateral position, if spontaneous version were relied upon, (which
it never is) knew the answers themselves. It is really a delightful exper-
ience to pass this examination and turning this allopathic weapon back upon
themselves enter practice with their forced endorsement."
HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION OF ALABAMA.
In 1850 Drs. Lingen of Mobile, Angell of Huntsville, and Ulrich, Henry
and Albright of Montgomery held a meeting and formed the Homoeopathic
Medical Society of Alabama, the pioneer organization of its kind in the state,
and the predecessor of the Homoeopathic Medical Association of Alabama,
although a number of years passed after the dissolution of the old society
before the new one came into existence. The present association dates its
history from May 15, 1889, and at the organization meeting these officers
were elected: Dr. F. F. DeDerkey of Mobile, president; Dr. A. N. Duffield
of Huntsville, vice-president ; Dr. George G. Lyon of Mobile, secretary ; Dr.
A. P. Myers of Mobile, treasurer. In the same year the society was incor-
porated, and on November 13 a reorganization was effected. Since that time
the association has maintained a healthful existence, although on account of
its limited membership meetings are occasionally held in conjunction with the
Tennessee Homoeopathic Medical Society.
REMINISCENCES.
So far as history discloses homoeopathy was first practiced in the state
by a layman whose name is not given by chroniclers of homoeopathic annals in
Alabama, but who dispensed the little doses in Alontgomery with good effect
illSTUKV OF llUMa£(JPATHY :h:3
as early as 1843. Two years later the field was occupied by two German physi-
cians— L'lrich and Schafer — whose advent was welcomed, for at the time an
epidemic of fever was ravas^int^ the plantations and the known means of cure
within reach of the afflicted ]X'ople furnished no relief ; hence the arrival of
homoeopathic pioneers was thrice welcome in that their treatment was success-
ful where that of the old school was a failure.
Drs. Ulrich and Schafer were followed in 1850 by Dr. G. Albright,
and in 1851 by Dr. John Hazzard Henry, who became partner with Dr. Ll-
rich. Two years later he (Henry) removed to Charleston, South Carolina,
but in 1857 returned to Alabama, settling in Selma, where he afterward lived.
Dr. Alclntire was another of the early homoeopathic physicians in Mont-
gomery, having settled there in 1850. Dr. E. S. Byron, whose medical educa-
tion was acquired in London, settled in Montgomery in 1859.
Such is the early history of homoeopathy in ^Montgomery, from whence
the exemplars of the new school extended their work into other parts of the
state, choosing their places of location largely in the cities where the practice
promised better returns than in the less populous districts. It cannot be said,
however, that the doctrine ever has found a numerous following in the state,
the total number of homoeopaths in practice there in 1857 being only eight;
in 1870, seven; in 1875, six; in 1899, thirteen, and in 1904, twelve.
Dr. Richard Angell, who had become a convert to homoeopathy while
residing in Louisville. Kentucky, was compelled on account of the health of
his wife to go south, and settled in Huntsville in 1847. He remained there
until 1855, when he went to New Orleans. Dr. Angell had the field in Hunts-
ville until 1853, when Dr. Amatus Robbins Burritt, just graduated from the
Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine in Cleveland, went there and be-
came a partner with his predecessor. Dr. Burritt was for many years the
only homoeopathic physician in the town, but in 1884 Dr. Alfred Manley
Duffield located there. Soon after Dr. Burritt located in Huntsville a severe
epidemic of scarlet fever occurred, and his success in its treatment won for
him an extensive reputation and made homoeopathy popular in that vicinity.
Dr. James Gridley Belden was the first homoeopathic practitioner in
Mobile, having located there in the autumn of 1846. He was a graduate of
the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York. He remained one
year at Mobile, going from there to New Orleans.
Dr. George Lingen, who had been one of the men connected with the
Allentown Academy, and who in 1835 sold homoeopathic medicines in Phila-
delphia, went to Alobile in 1849. He was a German of fine education, and
established a large practice in the city, where he lived until his death in 1868.
Dr. John Cragin settled in Mobile about 1855. He had graduated from
William and Mary College, and commenced the study of medicine in the of-
fice of an allopathic physician ; but finding that medical practice was based
upon no certain system, he gave up his studies and turned to politics and
literature. In 1845 he became associated with the democratic press of Ala-
bama and proved to be an able political writer. While thus occupied his at-
tention was attracted to homoeopathy. He investigated, and after two years
of study located for practice in Annapolis, Maryland. A year later he re-
turned to Alabam.a and established himself in Mobile, where he practiced
until his death. May 24, 1877.
Dr. William_ J. Murrell, a native of IMobile, graduated from the New
York Homoeopathic Medical College in 1861 (having previously received a
344 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
diploma from the University of New York) and opened an office in Mobile,
where he began the practice of homoeopathy. Drs. Mandeville, F. F. De-
Derkey, Merrick, George G. Lyons and Augustus P. Myers have practiced
in Mobile.
Dr. Inerarity, a native of Scotland, who had practiced allopathy for sev-
eral yeafs, became convinced of the truth of homoeopathy and practiced it
in Mobile. Dr. F. G. Hunt located in that city in 1887, but remained" only
a short time, going thence to St. Louis.
Homoeopathic physicians in Alabama previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of
some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medi-
cine before the date given.
1850 Albright, G. Montgomery Inerarity, John Forbes * Mobile
1844 Angell, Richard * Huntsville 1835 Lingen, George Mobile
1846 Belden, James Gridley Mobile 1857 Merrick, Dr. x Mobile
1856 Byron, E. S. x * Montgomery 1850 Mclntyre, Dr. Montgomery
1853 Burritt, Amatus R. Huntsville 1855 Mandeville, Dr. x Mobile
1849 Cragin, John *' Mobile 1861 Murrell, William J. * Mobile
1857 Geicer, Charles x Montgomery 1857 Poe, R. M. x Montgomery
1850 Henry, John Hazard * Selma 1845 Schafer, Dr. Montgomery
1857 Howard, J. H- x Salina 1845 Ulrich, G. A. Montgomery
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 345
CHAPTER XXVn
HOMOEOPATHY IN ILLINOIS.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Early Homoeopathic Conditions in Illinois — Experiences of Dr. David Sheppard Smith,
Allopath and Homoeopath — Zabina Eastman and the " Western Citizen " — Effects
of the Chicago Fire of 1871 on Homoeopathj'' in that City — Homoeopathic Medical
Societies and Hospitals — Reminiscences and Lists of Early Homoeopathic Prac-
titioners.
At the beginning of the twentieth century the great metropoUtan city
of Chicago is looked upon as the central point of homoeopathy not only in
Illinois and the west, but in America as well. In many respects the planting
and subsequent outspreading of the doctrine of Hahnemann was co-extensive
with the planting of the city itself, and with its growth and development in
later years, until it came to be regarded as the most remarkable municipality
on this side of the Atlantic.
If the accounts of past chroniclers of homoeopathic history be true, Chi-
cago medical colleges have educated and sent out into the professional world
more homceopathic physicians than any other city in America, not even except-
ing Philadelphia, where a large institution of homoeopathic medical instruc-
tion was in operation almost before the first homoeopath had carried the gos-
pel of Hahnemann into the " foreign parts " which sometimes has been re-
ferred to as the " Sucker State." But it was no sparsely settled region into
which Dr. David Sheppard Smith ventured and first dispensed the little doses
in 1843, i'oi" even then the city of Chicago laid just claim to importance, although
then its population was less than twenty thousand inhabitants. However, in
the year mentioned. Dr. Smith was hardly a stranger in the city of which we
write; he had first gone there in 1836, fresh from the associations of an allo-
pathic college in Philadelphia, the city of " brotherly love," and he was the
proud possessor of a " regular " sheepskin ; and he had lived and practiced in
the city a full year before he returned to his native town in New Jersey and
there incidentally investigated the principles of homoeopathy — just to gratify
certain of his Camden friends ; but investigation led to serious consideration
and finally resulted in his full conversion to the new medical system and a
determination to promulgate its doctrines in the western city in which his
professional life had been begun.
It was not Dr. Smith's good fortune to be the sole occupant of the new
field for a considerable length of time, for he was soon joined by Dr. R. E. W.
Adams, an allopath, but who entered practice in partnership with the pio-
neer and soon laid aside the old system for the new. Later on he removed
to Springfield, where his subsequent useful life was spent.
Dr. Aaron Pitney came into the field in the latter part of the same year,
and was an important acquisition to the little force of homoeopathic exemplars
who were laying the foundation of their school of practice in the state, and
who also bore the brunt of the conflict with the allopathic opposition. Pit-
34G
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
ney had studied medicine with Dr. Valentine Mott, the distinguished sur-
geon, and afterward had served as surgeon in the American army during
the second war with Great Britain. Later on he practiced allopathy in Au-.
burn, New York, where he first began to investigate homoeopathy, and his con-
version was made complete under the guiding mind of Dr. A. Gerald Hull
of New York city. Dr. Pitney died April 7, 1865.
Dr. Smith, the pioneer, seems to have been a close observor of homoe-
opathic development in the west and particularly in this state, and he also
was something of a chronicler of its history. He mentioned Pitney as being
an excellent physician, and spoke with zeal regarding the style and equipage
^ 1
jfl^
-1
!
1^ ' ■ . !
^
tV
|H:£lif:p£
..■;■■•» r '*''"^T^^^^^"*'*3S5^s»f%«t
M,(> HoMl;
always maintained by him. Smith also gives us an account of the splendid
service to honueopathy rendered by Zabina Eastman, editor and publisher of
the " Western Citizen," a strong anti-slavery newspaper, and an open advo-
cate of homoeopathy, its pages always being open to the champions of our
school. Thus with at least one good and reliable " organ " to defend its prin-
ciples against the wanton attacks of an unscrupulous enemy, the early prac-
titioners of homceopathy were not compelled to run the gauntlet of allopathic
abuse as in many less favored localities ; and with the foundations of the sys-
tem thus firmly laid during the period of its early history in the west and
in the state, it is not surprising that homoeopathy early became one of the
fixed institutions in the region in advance of states where settlement and de-
velopment were of much earlier origin. However, in 1854 tliere were only
eleven homceopathic physicians in Illinois and only fourteen in 1857. In
1870 the number had increased to forty-nine, and in 1880 tn one hundred
and twentv-onc. In 1896 there were four hundred and fifty-nine practitioners
HISTORY OF HOAICEOPATHY 347
of the school in the state, and in 1904 there were five hundred and thirty-two,
which number of homceopaths gives lUinois a place in the front rank of the
Hahnemannian hosts in America.
The history of the school in this state discloses that its representatives
have been subjected to the usual eml)arrassments visited elsewhere, and at
times there have been rivalries which have worked adversely, but from each
of these periods of family disturbance the house of Hahnemann has emerged
stronger and better than before ; and it was only improved conditions that
followed the visitation of fire in 1871, which created consternation through-
out the country and for a time disrupted the entire municipal system of the
city of Qiicago. In this great disaster homoeopathy suffered loss with all
other interests, but re-established itself within the brief space of a few years.
It may be said, however, that the fire of October, 1871, brought tiie medical
profession together \n Chicago, and for the time there was no distinction of
" school." The " Medical Investigator "' of February. 1872, commented freely
on the incidents of the fire and of the professional affiliations which grew
out of it. A single excerpt from the pages of that journal will be interesting
here :
" The next day after the fire Drs. J. E. Oilman and C. Horace Evans re-
ported for duty to the citizens committee. Mayor Gleason, chairman. They
were informed that the medical part had received no attention. The board of
health had not been heard from. These doctors were commissioned a medi-
cal bureau to organize and send relief to the poor suffering sick on the prairies.
They assumed charge, ordered the police to notify physicians to report for
duty, pressed in carriages, w^agons, etc., as ambulances, and in a few hours
physicians were attending the sick everywhere, and hundreds were being
brought into the hospitals, school buildings and churches. Dispensaries and
temporary hospitals were established and supplied with medical stores and
physicians. In a day or two the board of health appeared, and all worked
together harmoniously, only one narrow-minded allopath objecting. It was
good to see allopaths, homoeopaths and eclectics working together as we were
for the general good of suffering humanity. Dr. Johnson, member of the board
of health, professor in Chicago Medical College, and a prominent allopathic
physician, was made chairman of the committee on sick, hospital and sanitary
measures, and Dr. Oilman, who had managed the medical relief so fairly and
efficiently, was appointed secretary. Dr. R. Ludlam, dean of our college, was
placed on the committee, and Dr. H. B. Fellows is visiting physician in one
of the districts of which Dr. Freer is medical superintendent. During a con-
versation Dr. Johnson remarked, ' We are not allopaths nor homoeopaths, we
are all physicians.' "
In a large measure the success of the homoeopathic system in this state
has been due to early and efficient organization, both in the formation of so-
cieties and in the establishment of schools of medicine ; and in respect to the
latter the state undoubtedly stands pre-eminent in American homoeopathic
annals. However, institutions of the character last mentioned will be dis-
cussed in another departm.ent of this work, hence need no further mention
in this place.
ILLINOIS STATE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
One of the oldest and also one of the strongest organizations of homoe-
opathic practitioners in the west is that known by the distinguishing name
348
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
of which stands at the head of this article. It was organized in Peoria on
December 6, 1855, and was incorporated October 24, 1881. Since that time
its meetings have been held regularly, annually in May and generally in Chi-
cago, and semi-annually in November, in the same city. During the early
years of the life of the association meetings were held in different places in
the state. The first officers were Dr. E. A. Guilbert, president, and Dr. D. A.
Colton, secretary. In 1856 the " North American Journal of Homoeopathy "
speaking of this society, said : " Its meetings rival those of the American
Institute of Homoeopathy in enthusiasm and numbers ; and the young but
truly great West has set us of the North and East an example of energy
and earnestness of purpose which we would do well to follow," etc. The
Alvan E. Small, M. D.
second meeting of the association was held in Springfield, January 12, 1857,
at which time officers were elected as follows : Dr. D. S. Smith, president ;
Drs. R. E. W. Adams, M. Troyer and W. C. Anthony, vice-presidents ; Dr.
E. A. Guilbert, recording secretary ; Dr. A. R. Bartlett, corresponding secre-
tary; Dr. W. Slocum, treasurer; Drs. Melrose, Piatt, Hatch. Shearer and
Ober, censors. On the occasion of this meeting the subject of establishing a
western homoeopathic journal was discussed with considerable earnestness,
and in due season the councils of that body produced the desired result. Then
the society had forty-one members. Of the association publications the first
volume contained the proceedings from 1856 to 1864; the transactions for
HISTORY OF HOiMCEOPATHY 340
1869-1871 were burned in the fire of October, 1871 ; the proceedings of the
19th, 20th and 21st sessions were pubHshed in one volume in 1876. Annual
proceedings have since been published, but not with perfect regularity. A
number of president's addresses also have been put in print. The society in
1904 had about 475 members.
The Northern Illinois Homoeopathic Medical Association was organized
at a convention of physicians of the north part of the state held at the Haskill
hall in Peoria on December 6, 1855. The first annual meeting was held in
Elgin, January i, 1856. This seems to -have been the beginning of a move-
ment which has been followed with more or less persistency in later years
until Illinois has become the rival, if not the leader, of any other state in
number of homceopathic medical societies. Each has served a useful pur-
pose and has had the efifect to elevate the standard of the profession in the
great west. In the present connection it is impossible to furnish a detailed
history of each of these . local organizations, and a mere mention of them
must answer for the purposes of this chapter.
The Chicago Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in the city
of Chicago, April 2, 1857, was not incorporated, and continued in existence
not more than a few years.
The Cook County Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in the
Hahnemann Medical College building, May 11, 1866. It was not incorporated,
but maintained a healthful existence until 1873, when with another society
of like character and purpose it merged in the Chicago Academy of Homoe-
pathic Physicians and Surgeons.
The Central Illinois Homoeopathic Medical Association was organized
in Jacksonville, October 12, 1869, and comprised in membership physicians
representing the central counties of the state. Its first officers were W. D.
Lemon of Jacksonville, president; Dr. Willard of Jacksonville, corresponding
secretary ; Dr. Routh of Decatur, recording secretary ; H. B. Shirley of
Whitehall, treasurer. The first meeting of this society is memorable from
the fact that at that time Dr. William Tod Helmuth, the afterward eminent
surgeon, presented a circular concerning the project of raising a monument
to the memory of Gram, the pioneer of the homoeopathic school in America.
On July I, 1873, the society was reorganized under the name of Central Illi-
nois Medical Society, and afterward held quarterly meetings in different places
until 1882 when it merged in the state society.
The Chicago Academy of Homoeopathic Physicians and Surgeons was
organized in Chicago in 1873. a consolidation of the Cook County Homoe-
opathic Medical Society and the Chicago Academy of Medicine. The reports
of this greater organization may be found in journals of the profession un-
der the three several names, thus maintaining in a way the identity of its com-
ponent elements.
The Military Tract Homoeopathic Society was organized by the homoe-
opathic physicians of Knox and adjoining counties in Galesburg, on Novem-
ber I. 1870. Its first officers were T. Bacmeister of Toulon, president; W. C.
Anthony of Princeton, vice-president; J. H. Miller of Abingdon, secretary;
G. W. Brewington of Wataga, provisional secretary ; T. J. Merryman of
Aledo, treasurer. The society held semi-annual meetings in different places
until 1872. when it became stationary in Galesburg, and so continued until
1885, when it passed out of existence. No publications were issued.
The Illinois Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in La
350
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Salle in March or April. 1872, but never incorporated. It held at first bi-
nionthlv meetings, which afterward became semi-annual upon the reorganiza-
tion in 1888.
The Chicago Academy of Medicine was originally formed in 1869
(April 10) and was a well officered and managed institution. Its existence
was continued until 1873 when it was merged with another society to form
the Chicago Academy of Homoeopathic Physicians and Surgeons.
The Chicago Paedological Society was organized at the Foundlings'
Home in Chicago. October 14. 1869. and afterward held monthly meetings,
generally at the residence of some one of its members.
The Fourteenth District Homoeopathic Medical Society of Illinois was
T. C. Duncan, M. D.
organized in Naperville. May 13, 1873, and included in its membership the
physicians of the school living in Du Page and Kane counties. It was main-
tained with indififerent success for several years and then passed out of exist-
ence. It accomi)lished some good work, and its transactions were not pub-
lished except in local reports.
The Kankakee and DesPlaines Valley Homoeopathic Medical Associa-
tion, including chiefly Will and Grundy counties, was organized in JoHet in
February, 1875, and was dissolved in 1882.
The Rock River Institute of Homoeopathy was organized in Dixon, Illi-
nois, in 1878, and provided to hold quarterly meetings in different places.
lilSruRV (JF HUAKEUI'ATIIV 351
The HonicEopathic Aledical Association of Wabash Valley was organized
in Paris, Illinois, May i, 1878, and held semi-annual meetings until 1884,
when it was dissolved.
The Women's Homoeopathic Medical Society of Chicago was organized
April 17, 1879, and was the first society of its kind in the country which was
formed and governed exclusively by members of the " weaker " sex.
The Homoeopathic Clinical Society of Rock Island, Henry and White-
side Counties, Illinois, and Scott County, Iowa, was organized in Rock Island,
October 22, 1879. ^nd entered upon a career of active and useful life, holding
its meetings quarterly in different places.
The Medical Science Club of Chicago was organized in that city in 1883,
(lid not incorporate, and made provision for semi-monthly meetings.
The Rockford Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in Rock-
ford. November 12, 1883, but was continued only a few years. It was not
incorporated and did not publish its transactions.
The Central Illinois Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in
Chan^paign, January 21, 1891.
Tb.e Adams County Homoeopathic Medical Association was organized in
Ouincy in December, 1888, elected officers, but did not incorporate, and in
the course of a few years passed out of existence, leaving little record of
its history or w'orks.
The La Salle County Homoeopathic Society was organized by physicians
of La Salle county at a meeting held in Streator, August 7, 1891.
The Provers' Union and Materia Medica Club was organized at the Grand
hotel in Qiicago, August 8, 1891, and provided for the admission to mem-
bership of medical students as well as graduate physicians.
The Northwestern Illinois Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized
at the Brewster house in Freeport, December 3, 1895. and from that time
grew rapidly in membership and usefulness until it became an influential fac-
tor in homoeopathic circles in that part of the state which was made the scene
of its operations.
The hospital institutions of the state are deserving of greater notice than
can be given them within the compass of the present chapter, on account of
the fact that nearly all of them which belong to the homoeopathic school of
medicine, as commonly known, are in some direct manner associated in their
history with the several medical colleges, or under their medical supervision,
hence' naturally may be mentioned in that connection. The institution of
the character mentioned which claims first attention seems to have been a
private enterprise, and was established in 1854 by Dr. George E. Shipman,
who in that year opened a homoeopathic hospital in Chicago, and called pub-
lic attention to it through the medium of an unique circular, which read as
follows :
" The undersigned begs leave to call your attention to the Homoeopathic
Hospital recentlv opened in this city, under his superintendence. Should any
of your friends wish to receive medical treatment in this city, or should they
be overtaken here by disease, they will find in this institution every atten-
tion necessarv to insure their comfort and speedy recovery. Patients suffer-
ing from contagious diseases will not be admitted," etc. Dr. Shipman's pio-
neer hospital contained twelve beds, was maintained largely by voluntary con-
tributions, but it ceased to exist in 1857.
The Chicago City Hospital, the history of which dates from about the
352 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
year 1855, was the real beginning of homoeopathic hospital life in the state,
although the department for the homoeopathic treatment of patients there did
not begin until the summer of 1857, and then in answer to a well presented
demand in the form of a petition of citizens of Chicago to the common coun-
cil, which among other things set forth that " the fact the Chicago Homoe-
opathic Hospital — a benevolent institution, relying principally for support
upon the voluntary contributions of the community — has now for more than
three years practically occupied the position of city hospital, receiving and
caring for charity patients when applied to by the city;" and also that it gave
the public an opportunity to compare the two systems, and that it was not
more than justice to the homoeopathist who also was a taxpayer. On July 9,
1857, the board of health appointed two medical and surgical hospital staffs,
and on the homoeopathic board were Drs. Alvan E. Small, A. Pitney, consult-
ing physicians, and Drs. H. K. W. Boardman, D. A. Colton, N. F. Cook, R.
Ludlam, S. Seymour and George E. Shipman, consulting surgeons. How-
ever, before the new Chicago and Cook County Hospital was fully completed
the civil war came and the federal government occupied the building for a
military hospital.
The Cook County Hospital on its original foundation was an allopathic
institution, and was so continued until 1881, when the Chicago Academy of
Homoeopathic Physicians made a successful effort to have a part of the hos-
pital set apart for both medical and surgical treatment by practitioners of
their own school. In the accomplishment of this end all the homoeopathic
forces of the county were aroused to action, except the faculty of Hahne-
mann Medical College, who, while not opposing the measure, did not give it
their sanction. The committee of academy members upon whom devolved
the real work of the undertaking comprised Drs. Mitchell (chairman), Fos-
ter, Kippax, Adam, Cook, Hall, Hawkes of Chicago, Mann of Evanston and
Johnson of Hyde Park.
The board of county commissioners whose members were thus assailed
with the homoeopathic forces and influences proved their friendship to our
school when, on November 28, 1881, they reported "that great good would
result to the public interests by the introduction of homoeopathy into the Cook
County Hospital." In accordance with their resolution provision was made
for a homoeopathic department, with both medical and surgical staffs selected
equally from the homoeopathic medical colleges of the city. The department
was opened January i, 1882, and has since been continued with excellent re-
sults. In the department in 1904 were 150 beds.
The Chicago Baptist Hospital was established during the summer of
1891 by Dr. L D. Rogers and others, and at first occupied quarters in the
building of the National Homoeopathic College ; later on it was removed to
the building formerly occupied by the Baptist Theological Seminary. It is
maintained under the supervision of the co-operative medical and surgical
service of Chicago, has a complete homoeopathic staff, and is the largest de-
nominational hospital in the city.
The World's Fair Homoeopathic Emergency Hospital was organized in
Chicago in 1893, the first officers being Dr. G. A. Hall, president; Dr. W. A.
Knoll, vice-president; Dr. I. A. VanPatten, treasurer; and Dr. A. C. Bailey,
secretary. The entire cost of the institution, building and equipments was
$20,000.
HISTORY OF HOMCF.OPATHY 353
REMINISCENCES.
As is stated in an earlier paragraph, Dr. Smith was the pioneer
of homoeopathy in lUinois, but he was more than that; he was the
nestor of the school in the west, its zealous missionary and its faithful exem-
plar. He was known by his works, and by reputation he was known to his
professional brethren throughout the country; and he was constantly in re-
ceipt of letters of inquiry from physicians who were desirous to locate in the
growing city and the rapidly developing country about it and to the west-
ward.
Dr. George Ehas Shipman located in Chicago in 1846. He had practiced
F. F. de Derky, M. D.
homoeopathy in Peoria in 1844. He made Chicago his permanent home and
became one of the best known of the physicians of that city. In October,
1848, he started a monthly journal called the " Northwestern Journal of
Homoeopathia." In his introduction he said : " The increasing number of
the adherents of Homoeopathia in this section of the west, makes it desirable
that a periodical should be established here for the further dissemination
of these great truths. We hope to be able to chronicle many a triumph gained
in these western valleys, and to announce many a truth discovered, confirmed
or elucidated by western homoeopathic practitioners."
Dr. Reuberi Ludlam, a young man of twenty-one years of age, and who
354 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
had just graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania,
came to Chicago in 1852. He made for himself and his cause a name as a
successful physician and a skillful surgeon, and his professional life continued
until his death. He died while in the performance of a difficult operation in
the room where he had so faithfully and successfully labored to relieve human
suffering. On coming to Chicago Dr. Ludlam at once took an active part in
the councils of his fellow physicians, and was instrumental in the establish-
ment of the various institutions of the homoeopathic school for whidh Chicago
always has been famous. Dr. Nicholas Francis Cooke, who had been in prac-
tice in Providence, R. I., and who had graduated in 1854 from the Homoe-
opathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, located in Chicago in 1855. He
made the city his permanent home and was closely identified with the ad-
vancement of his profession in the state.
Dr. Alvan Edmond Small, who had been connected as a professor with
the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, went from Philadelphia
to Chicago in 1857, making that city his permanent home, and was identified
with its various homoeopathic institutions.
Dr. Gaylord D. Beebe, who had studied medicine with Dr. L. M. Pratt
of Albany, attended the Albany Medical College, and then graduated from
the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, in 1857, went to Chicago,
at once taking a chair in the new Hahnemann Medical College established
there. He earned a reputation as a surgeon during the war of the rebellion.
He made Chicago his permanent home.
Dr. Francis F. De Derky located in Chicago in 1859. He was a native
of Germany, born June 11, 1833. He served in the army during the Hun-
garian revolution of 1848, fighting with Kossuth in many battles. He be-
gan the study of medicine at Pesth. During the Crimean war he tendered
his services to England, but they were declined. He had in the meantime
become interested in homoeopathy. In 1856 he was sent by Great Britain
on board a transport to Quebec, Canada. At that time no homoeopathic phy-
sicians were there. He removed to Ypsilanti, Michigan, and in 1857 was
practicing homoeopathy in that town. By the advice of Drs. Ludlam and
Small, he entered Hahnemann Medical College, graduating in 1861. He then
returned to Quebec, becoming the pioneer of homoeopathy at that city. He
removed thence to New Bedford, Mass., and in 1872 went to Mobile, Ala-
bama, where he practiced many years. He went from there to San Fran-
cisco, and later to Los Angeles, in both of which places he practiced. He
died in 1900.
Dr. Willis Danforth was identified with Chicago homoeopathy, locating in
that city in 1869. "
Dr' Morton M. Eaton settled in Chicago in 1862. He was the first resi-
dent physician of the city hospital, and made a good record as surgeon dur-
ing the war. He afterward removed to Cincinnati.
Dr. Thomas Cation Duncan's name is identified with the growth of
homoeopathy in Chicago. He graduated from the Hahnemann Medical Col-
lege of Chicago in 1866, and then located in that city. For several years he
was editor of the " Medical Investigator," and also was an author of note.
Dr. Alfred Brunson McChetney, who had been in practice at Alton, re-
moved to Chicago. Dr. Adam Miller, who was one of the oldest of the Chi-
cago physicians at the time of his death, located there in 1862, and had prac-
ticed in Springfield and in Quincy. He died in 1901.
HISTORY OF HOALCEOPATHY
355
Dr. John Davies, after practicing at Oshkosh for two years, and travel-
ing in Europe, located in Chicago.
Dr. George Elias Shipman, who had graduated in medicine in New York
city in 1843, ^"^1 who had been a student of Dr. Federal Vanderburgh, went
to Illinois and began the practice of homoeopathy in Peoria, the most im-
portant town in the military tract. This was in 1843, but in 1844 he went to
Andover to look after a large tract of land his father had purchased there.
In 1846 he removed to Chicago.
Dr. Moses Troyer began the practice of homoeopathy in Peoria in 1847,
having been an allopathic practitioner for fourteen years. At first he found
it difficult to persuade people of the truth of the system, but in 1849, during
C. Fcrd. Kucchlcr, M. D.
the cholera epidemic, he was so successful that the public began to favor his
new medical methods.
Dr. Marvin S. Carr located in Peoria about 1850, and in writing concern-
ing the conditions there he said : " I do not know as I can better employ my
few moments of leisure than in telling you a few things in regard to homoe-
pathy in Peoria and Central Illinois, Regarding the tone of public senti-
ment in Peoria, there are many families and those of the very first class, who
are firm believers in our system, and would trust no other under any circum-
stances. There is another class of our citizens who have become disgusted
with the allopathic system, but know little or nothing about homoeopathy;
356 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
these are rapidly becoming convinced of the truth of our system, and array-
ing themselves under our banner. There is yet another class who are bound
by ties of friendship or blood to build up some wholesale vendor of missives
for the destruction of human beings on scientific principles, who will assail
every friend of homoeopathy with the virulence of endangered craft. These
have two methods of opposition; they will commence with ridicule, repeating
the time honored story sung by our grandmothers of Lakes Wenner and Wet-
ter, eating pill bags, and devouring mountains of sugar pills. If this does
not succeed they will then turn a square corner, put on a solemn phiz, and
warn them, as they value life and health, to beware of the deadly poisons of
the homoeopaths. But, notwithstanding all this, the march of homoeopathy is
decidedly onward, so much so that one of our city editors, although an allo-
pathic physician, has of late published an article decidedly in favor of homce-
opathy. I have just returned from a trip west, in the course of which I made
the acquaintance of Dr. Clapp, who is located at Farmington, twenty-four
miles west of here. He has a very extensive ride and is very successful. I
also formed the acquaintance of Dr. Foote, who was at the Chicago conven-
tion. He is occupying the. ground which has been occupied by Dr. Babcock
(Galesburg). The good cause is emphatically in the ascendent in that place,
as is acknowledged even by its opponents. At Bloomington, forty miles west
of here, where Mr, Perry is operating, there are a great many strong friends
of the system, and they feel the need of having the system represented by
some educated physician. I have had many pressing invitations to change
my location for Bloomington, and I know of no opening as promising as
that." Dr. Carr remained in Peoria until 1858, when he located in Washing-
ton, and in 1861 went to Galesburg. In 1857 ^^^- Carr, Chams, D. C. Keyes,
and Moses Troyer were practicing in Peoria.
Dr. Karl Ferdinand Kuechler, a native of Germany, landed in New York
in 1846, and nine months afterward located in Springfield. He had been a
student of Dr. J. Pantillon of Berlin in 1844. In 1845 ^^^ ^^ft Berlin for
Bremerhaven, and embarked in the " Pacific," which was wrecked. He
lost everything but the clothing he wore. He returned to Bremer-
haven, where he began practice, and where he met Dr. Constantine Her-
ing, who with his bride was then returning to America. At the time he
settled in Springfield he was the only homoeopathic physician between Chi-
cago and St. Louis, and but one person in Springfield knew anything about
the new system. However, in a month's time his success was such that
he asked Dr. Bernard Cyriax to become his partner. Dr. Kuechler was for
many years identified with homoeopathy in Springfield, and he died there De-
cember 10, 1897.
Dr. E. C. Bernard Cyriax was a native of Germany. He came to the
United States in 1843 ^"d located in Baltimore. While there he was led to
examine the principles of homoeopathy and became a believer in their truth.
Invited by Dr. Kuechler, he went to Springfield in 1847, remaining there un-
til 1848, when the ill health of his wife compelled his return to Baltimore.
In 1857 he removed to Illinois, locating at Atlanta, in Logan county. In
1861 he went to Cleveland, Ohio.
Dr. R. E. W. Adams settled in Siiringfield in 1853, but about 1858 went
to St. Louis, Mo. He died in Springfield, December 15, 1869.
Dr. E. Potter practiced in Springfield in the sixties. His death occurred
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 357
there January 12, 1868. He had been in practice for twenty-six years, fif-
teen of which he had practiced homoeopathy.
Dr. W. C. Anthony introduced homoeopathy in Princeton, Bureau county,
in the spring of 1850, and made that town his permanent home. He Hved
to be one of the oldest physicians in Illinois, dying in 1891.
Dr. D. S. Smith, the pioneer homoeopath in Chicago, loaned Dr. Israel
Shipman Pelton Lord, of Batavia, a copy of Hahnemann's Organon, and ad-
vised him to study the system. Dr. Lord had liccome disgusted with the pre-
vailing practice and was inclined to relinquish it, but finding the homoeo-
pathic remedies successful, began to use them. In 1849 ^'^^ went overland
to California, and his treatment of the numerous cases of cholera while on
the journey was successful, losing only one patient. Dr. Lord introduced
homoeopathy in Batavia, Geneva and St. Charles.
Dr. Le'vi E. Ober located in Moline, Rock Island county, in 1850. At
that time he was the only homoeopathic physician in that part of the state, and
he was compelled to visit patients at long distances, as far as. Rock Island and
Davenport. In a letter he wrote : " When I went to Moline I was not aware
that there was a homoeopathic doctor within one hundred miles, and I think
there was but one or two homoeopathic families in the tow^n. During my stay,
every town in that region was supplied. For some two or three years I
fought the battle alone. The allopaths tried to crush me out but the people
became converted and stood by me. I went through two seasons of cholera
without a homoeopath m reach to help me, but homoeopathy triumphed and
received a good verdict from the Scandinavian missionary among whose peo-
ple the cholera mostly raged." In 1857 Dr. Ober went to La Crosse, Wis-
consin.
Dr. Daniel Coe was in practice in St. Charles in 1850. He had attended
lectures at Rush Medical College in Chicago in 1849-50, and previous to the
opening of the session 1850-51, he wrote to the college authorities avowing
belief in homoeopathy and asking if the college would graduate him if he
would comply with the requirements. The reply was " I am directed to in-
form vou that the faculty of Rush Medical College will not recommend you
to the trustees for a degree so long as they have any reason to suppose that you
entertain the doctrines and intend to trifle with human life on the principles
you avow in your letter."'
Dr. McCann Dunn was an early practitioner in Bloomington. It is said
that his first patient was a man whom he found sick with fever, and took him
to his own house, put him in his own bed and nursed him until he recovered.
He was called the father of homoeopathy in that region and his practice was
very extensive. He died in Bloomington, February 27, 1882.
' Dr. John Emory Voak began practice in Bloomington about 1861. He
had previouslv been established at Havana, Mason county, going to that town
from Independence, Iowa, in 1859.'
Drs. J. Babcock, H. C. Foote and R. G. Nye were practicing in Gales-
burg as earlv as 1857. About i860 Dr. Marvin S. Carr, who formerly had
been practicing in Peoria, Avent to Galesburg. At the opening of the war he
oflfered himself as a surgeon, but on account of his homoeopathic principles
his services were declined. He raised a company of cavalry, was made cap-
tain, and after manv vicissitudes of war and ill health he finally resumed prac-
tice in Galesburg. Dr. William Walter Porter settled in Kewanee in 1865,
remained one vear and then went to Galesburg.
358 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Dr. James Melrose was the pioneer homoeopath in Canton, Fulton county.
He began the practice of homoeopathy in 1844, but had been an old school prac-
titioner. In 1850 he wrote: "Homoeopathic practice in this place is rapidly
increasing, and embraces among its adherents many of the most influential
and intelligent inhabitants, who not only see the evil effects of the drugging
and harsh system of allopathia, but are much interested in recommending to
others the gentle and efficacious application of the homoeopathic system of
medical practice. These efifects have followed the introduction of homoeopathia
here, notwithstanding the united opposition of allopaths and their cry of hum-
bug and nonsense." Dr. Melrose died in Canton, July 5, i860.
Dr. Alfred Brunson McChetney located in Canton in 1853. He had stud-
ied medicine with Dr. John Babcock at Galesburg, and graduated from the
University of Michigan in 1853. He attended a course and received a diploma
from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1856. On his
return he located in Quincy and remained there two years. He then prac-
ticed a few months with Dr. George W. Foote in Kewanee, Henry county, and
in 1859 located in Alton. During and after the war, he was for several years
a pension surgeon. He returned to Quincy in 1867.
Dr. Leonard Pratt was a pioneer of homoeopathy in Lanark. He stud-
ied medicine with Dr. L. C. Belding of Le Raysville, Pa., and attended lec-
tures at the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. In 1843 his preceptor
and himself decided to experiment in order to test and prove the utter in-
sufficiency of homoeopathy. The result was that both became homoeopathic
converts. Dr. Pratt practiced for a time in Towanda, Pa., and in 1852 grad-
uated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, and then went
to Illinois. He located in Lanark and later went to Wheaton, where he set-
tled permanently.
Dr. Perry E. Johnson introduced homoeopathy in Alton in 1852. He was
a graduate of the Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine in 1852.
Dr. John Coleman Morgan went from Philadelphia to Illinois and set-
tied in Hamilton in 1856. In 1858 he removed to Alton and practiced until
the outbreak of the war, when he served as surgeon.
Dr. Ephraim Parsons settled for practice in Alton in 1856, and in i860
removed to Pike's Peak. In 1866 he graduated from the Hahnemann Medi-
cal College of Chicago and then settled for practice in Kewanee.
Dr. Maro McLean Reed, who had been practicing allopathy in Jackson-
ville since 1830, adopted homoeopathy in 1848. His attention was called to
the subject by Dr. Burritt, who had become a convert through the influence
of Dr. John F. Gray of New York.
Dr. Edward Augustus Gilbert, a graduate in 1847 of Rush Medical Col-
lege, Chicago, after practicing allopathy in Ottawa and Waukegan, located
in Elgin in 1852 and began the practice of homoeopathy. In 1856 he went
to Dubuque, Iowa.
Dr. E. H. Clapp writes in March, 1850, from Farmington as follows :
" Homoeopathy is steadily gaining ground in this part of the state. If
homoeopathic physicians would only do their duty a great good would much
sooner be brought about. I hold it to be the duty of every homoeopathic phy-
sician to keep at least one student. If we cannot convert allopaths and get
them into the right system, we can, in this way, supply their places with
young men who will practice the true system and let the old allopaths off to
California for gold. I have two young men with me; one of them has been
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
359
ill Cincinnati at the Eclectic School the winter past, and will practice with
me this summer. The Eclectic School has probably got the strongest profes-
sorship, the most thorough course of study and critical examinations, of any
medical college in the west. Its professors are honest and as such (two of
them already strong homoeopaths) it cannot be long before it will be de-
cidedly a homoeopathic college. It is known that a great number of students
left there this spring determined to try our remedies, and we know, if they
give them a fair trial, what the result will be."
Dr. Nathan Fay Prentice settled in Freeport in 1852. He was a student
of Dr. Hilem Bennett of Moravia, N. Y., and in 185 1 joined the westward
tide of emigration and went to Rockton, and thence in the next year to Free-
Leonard Pratt, M. D.
port. In 1857 Dr. Nelson D. Beebe located in Freeport, where he began to
investigate homoeopathy, adopted it, and then went to Warren. In 1870 he
returned to Freeport, where he continued until his death, December 22, 1872.
Dr. John H. Beaumont graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College
of Chicago in 1864, and began to practice in Freeport.
Dr. Adam Miller, who was one of the oldest of the Chicago physicians
at the time of his death, went to Quincy in 1851. He said: "The cholera
had broken out in a fearful form the week before I arrived there. The people
and the doctors were alarmed. It was in June, 185 1. The word was soon
spread through the city that a new doctor had arrived and that he knew how
360 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
to treat cholera. The first day after my arrival I had three patients, the sec-
ond six, and in two weeks had all I could attend to. I cured several that the
Catholic priest had annointed and prepared for death. He was so vexed
about it that he denounced me from his pulpit and warned people against
employing me as their physician, and said it must be some black art or work
of the devil that allowed people to get well after he had prepared them for
death."
Dr. John Adams Wakeman, after practicing allopathy for fifteen years,
became a convert to ■ homoeopathy, attended lectures and in 1853 graduated
from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania. He located in
Portsmouth, Ohio, where he remained until 1859 and then went to Centralia.
Dr. Daniel Arnold Cheever commenced the practice of homoeopathy in
Pekin in 1854. In 1869 he located in Champaign.
Dr. Edwin M. McAftee graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania in 1855, and located in Mount Carroll. He was a student
of Dr. Leonard Pratt and an examining surgeon in the army, pension exam-
iner, and examiner for many insurance companies.
Dr. Theodore Bacmeister graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania in 1856, and located in Toulon.
Dr. Alexander Pollock introduced homoeopathy in Danville in i860. When
he located there few families knew anything about the system, and he was
judged at first by the size of the dose he administered. He served sixteen
months as lieutenant during the war of 1861-65. When he entered the army
he took with him about one hundred and fifty half ounce vials of medicine,
with alcohol, sugar of milk, etc. His colonel had faith in the homoeopathic
system and for that reason the young doctor was allowed to carry his medi-
cines in the army wagon. He practiced with good results among the men.
Dr. Aaron P. Holt practiced eclecticism in Andover, Mass, from 1835 to
1840, kept an infirmary in Lowell until 1847, then removed to Palmyra, Wis-
consin, and after a short stay went to Lyndon. In 1849 ^''^ was attacked with
pulmonary hemorrhage. While sick the subject of homoeopathy was much
in his mind, and on his recovery h-e purchased homoeopathic books and a case
of medicines. In 1850 he began to try the medicines on his patients, with
such good results that he soon discarded the old practice. He was the only
homoeop'athic physician within forty miles of Lyndon, and his practice was
widely extended. He graduated from the Western College of Homoeopathic
Medicine in 1856. He remained in Lyndon until his death, March 6. 1876.
Dr. Willis Danforth located in JoHet in 1854. and while practicing there
was converted to homoeopathy and began to practice the system in i860. He
afterward went to Chicago.
Dr^ H. L. Foster located in Joliet in 1857, going there from Kccne. N.
H. He died September 10. 1867.
Dr. John Both Culby studied medicine in England, came to this country
in 1847, graduated from a hvdropathic college in New York, went west and
opened water cures in Michigan, Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin. Finally,
on investigating the principles of homoeopathy, he was led to embrace that
system, and then located in Geneva.
Dr. Aaron W. Burnside was practicing homoeopathy in Belvidere as early
as 1856. Dr. A. P. Chase went from IMassachusetts to Amboy in 1855. ^^
was an allopathic physician and continued to practice that system for two
years more, when he became a homoeopathist.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
:ii\]
Dr. Simeon R. Breed, who had been an eclectic physician, adopted homoe-
opathy in i860. He was a practitioner at Du Quoin. Dr. John B. Vivion prac-
ticed allopathy for thirty years, and in 1866 was converted to homoeopathy.
He practiced at Usra.
Dr. Abner Bartlett was an early practitioner in Aurora, commencing
there as early as 1855.
Mrs. Elizabeth Moffit, who had previously made herself acquainted with
the theory and practice of homoeopathy and who was living at Chillicothe, by
the death of her husband was deprived of support, and opened a store for the
sale of homcEopathic books and medicines, and at the same time began to prac-
tice homoeopathy.
Homoeopathic physicians in Illinois previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character '^ indicates that the practitioner originally was of
some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medi-
cine before the date s:iven.
1857 Adams. T.. L. x Joliet i<S57
1843 Adams. R. E. W. * Springfield 1846
1857 Allen. M. V. x Maqnon 1857
1857 Anderson, Dr. x Lockport 1856
1S57 Antis, J. X Morris 1851
1850 Anthony, W. C. Princeton 1857
1857 Auringer, C. x Wilmington 1855
1856 Bacmeister, Theodore Toulon 1857
185s Babcock. John Galesburg T8^7
1857 Baker. R. F. x Moline 1856
i860 Barker, W. C. Wankegan 1857
1855 Bartlett, Abner R. Aurora 1852
1857 Beebe, Gaylord D. Chicago 1857
1857 Beebe, Nelson D. Freeport 1857
iSe,7 Bell, S. x Springfield 1854
1857 Belding, L. C. x Polo 1877
1857 Beach, J. S. Chicago 1857
1859 Bernreuter, Conrad Nashville 1857
1850 Boardman, Henry K. * Chicago 1855
i860 Breed. Simeon R. * Du Quoin i8';o
1857 Bradley, H. x Peru 1857
1857 Briggs, H. W. X Atlanta 1857
1857 Briggs. Dr. x Eminence 1852
1855 Burnside, Aaron W ■= Relvidere 1851
1857 Burbank, J. x Polo 1857
1857 Casey, E. A. x Winchester 1857
i8i;o Carr, Marvin S. * Peoria 1850
1857 Chams, Dr. x Peoria 1857
1854 Cheever. Daniel A. Pekin 1857
1856 Clark, R. V. Rockford 18^4
1857 Clarke, H. B. x Rockford 1857
1857 Clapp. E. H. X Rome 18^2
1857 Chase. A. P. * Amboy 1857
1857 Chase. M. J. x Macomb t8s6
1850 Coe. Matthew D. * St. Charles 1857
1857 Cobaugh. G. x Ellenwood 1844
1857 Coules. E. W. X Rock Island tSs7
1857 Cooley, R. x Marengo 1857
1853 Colton, D. Alphonso Chicago 1857
1857 Cosner, I. x Argo 1857
1854 Cooke, Nicholas F. * Chicago 1857
Crom, J. Cheever x Milledgeville
Cyriax. E. C. B. * Springfield
Davis, George x Ellisville
Danforth. Willis * Joliet
Davis, Charles Henry
Day, C. L. x Winnnn
De Derky. Francis F. Chicago
Dodge, D. x Rockford
Douglas, L. A. x Chicago
Dunn, McCann x Bloomington
Elben. R. x Springfield
Evans, John M. Farmington
Farley, R. D. x Jerseyville
Flowers. A. W. x Bloomington
Foote, George W. Kewanee
Foote. H. C. X Galesh'irg
Foster, Henry L. Joliet
Gilbert, C. x Elgin
Goodhue, Oliver A. Rockford
Graves, S. W. Chicago
Green, J. x Rockford
Gregg, M. x Magnolia
Guilbert, Edward A. * Elgin
Gulby. John Both * Geneva
Haven, Dr. x Griggsville
Hobson, R. M. x Freeport
Holt, Aaron P. * Lyndon
Hostetter, A. x Mount Carroll
Humphreys, W. x Geneva
Jasrer, C. A. Waukegan
Johnson. D. W. x Alton
Johnson. Perry E. Alton
lones. J. B. x Belvidere
Kellogg. John L. x Chicago
Kelly. C. V. x Chicago
Keuchler, Carl F. Snrinefield
Kendall. S. B. x Wyanet
Keyes. D. C x Peoria
Lathrop. E. x Rock Island
Leshrey. S. x Rock Island
Le Rov. F. L. x Roscoe
362
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1848 Lord, Israel S. P. * Batavia 1857
1852 Ludlam, Reuben Chicago 1857
1857 Lucas, A. G. x Toulon 1859
1853 Mason, Stephen R. * Sheffield 1857
1857 Martin, Dr. x Deep River 1857
1855 McAffee, Edwin M. Mount Carroll 1856
1852 McChetney, Alfred M. Canton 1843
1857 McFarland, R. M- x McComb 1852
1857 McKesson, J. M. x Avon 1855
1844 Melrose, James * Canton i860
1857 Moore. John x Winona 1843
1856 Morgan, John C. * Hamilton 1845
1847 Miller, Adam * Quincy 1850
1857 Myers, A. B. L. x Fulton City 1857
1843 Moffit, Mrs. Elizabeth Chilicothe 1857
1857 Nelson, J. x Canton 1857
1857 Nichols, E. G. X Bloomington 1857
1854 Nye, Richard G. Galesburg 1842
1850 Ober, Levi E. Moline • 1847
1857 Parcels, Dr. x Altona 1856
1857 Parcels, Dr. Altona i860
1857 Patchin, U. R- Warsaw 1854
1856 Parsons, Ephriam * Lapier 1857
1857 Pratt, Dr. S. M. x Mount Carroll 1858
1857 Palmer, W. K. x Millidgeville 1857
1852 Pratt, Leonard Wheaton 1859
1847 Prentice, Nathan F. Rockton 1866
1853 Potter, E. * Springfield 1853
1842 Pitney, Aaron * Chicago 1857
1842 Pierce, Dr. * Morris 1854
1856 Porter, William W. * Abingdon 1859
i860 Pollock, Alexander Danville 1859
1853 Rawson, Mrs. C. L. Chicago 1857
1857 Renton, Dr. x Cherry Valley 1857
1857 Reynolds, H. W. x Rockford 1857
1848 Reed, Maro McLean Jacksonville 1857
1857 Roberts, E- H. x Jerseyville 1857
1857 Rowland, J. G. x Quincy 1855
Rose, A. X Decatur
Rux, M. L. L. X Jacksonville
Rucker, John M. Jacksonville
Schaffer, E. x Goshen
Scofield, Joseph x Oak Creek
Shirley, G. Y. x Jacksonville
Shipman, George E. Chicago
Shearer, John H. Springfield
Slocum, Mortimer Chicago
Sloan, Henry S. Rockford
Smith, David S. * Chicago
Small, Alvan Edmond Chicago
Seymour, Stephen * Chicago
Stanley, G. x Elgin
Sterns, O. E. x Freeport
Stein, L. x Chicago
Stiles, H. R. x Galena
Temple, John T. * Galena
Troyer, Moses * Peoria
Thorne, Joshua Springfield
Tyrer, James D. * Jacksonville
Toepfer, C. Chicago
Ulrich, J. X Elgin
Van Liew, I^red H. Aurora
Valletta, William x Elgin
Voak, John Emory * Havana
Vivion, John B. * Ursa
Wakeman, John Adams * Centralia
Wait, -W. S. X
Weed, Theodore J. Bloomington
Westervelt, P. A. x Chicago
Wack, P. X
Wildey, J. B. x Pekin
Wilcox, J. M. X Galena
Wilcox, Dr. X Quincy
Wilde, Dr. x Spring Lake
Williams, C. x Sycamore
Williams, S. Bolivar Freeport
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 363
CHAPTER XXVHI
HOMOEOPATHY IN MISSOURI.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Early Homoeopathy in Missouri — Subsequent Growth of the System — Dr. John Temple
and his Works — Medical Societies and Hospitals — Reminiscences and Lists of Early
Homoeopathic Practitioners.
When it is remembered that homoeopathy was -first planted in Missouri in
1844, and that the total number of practitioners of the school in the state
in 1904 was two hundred and eighty-six, it is quite clear that the system of
Hahnemann must have been exceedingly popular with the people of that south-
western country three score years ago. And what is equally gratifying is
the fact that nearly all the practitioners of the school in Missouri during the
last half century have been the product of homoeopathic medical colleges
within the state, located in the two great commercial cities of St. Louis and
Kansas City, the former on the eastern and the latter on the western border
of the state.
History records that Dr. John Temple was the pioneer homoeopath in the
state ; that he was a convert of Dr. Smith of Chicago, and that he went down
the Mississippi to St. Louis in 1844 and ranged himself alongside the allo-
paths in that city and far outdid them in efficient work during the prevalence
of the cholera epidemic which ravaged the region five years afterward. The
allopaths, however, did not take kindly to the warm welcome extended Hahne-
mann's disciples by the inhabitants of the city, and had recourse to all manner
of expedients to arouse a feeling against Dr. Temple and his single profes-
sional associate who fought the battle alone, both against disease and jealous
opposition.
This feeling of animosity manifested itself soon after Dr. Temple settled
in St. Louis, and found inspiration in the faculty of the medical college of the
city, and was persistently followed by all old school practitioners and also by the
press and medical journals, both of which re-echoed all the malicious rantings
of the leaders of the disgruntled crew. In 1845 the professor of theory and
practice in the St. Louis Medical College made an attack against homoeopathy
and denounced it in unmeasured terms. Naturally a man of spirit, and sure
of his ground. Dr. Temple prepared an answer to the tirade of abuse heaped
upon his school, but neither of the two medical journals then published in the
city would receive his defense for publication, nor would the city newspapers
allow him the use of their columns. He then published his answer in pam-
phlet and distributed it throughout the city. In speaking of the event in later
years. Dr. Temple said : " I consider that publication the first grand impulse
to the progress of homoeopathy in St. Louis; all classes then tried it." In
July, 1848, the worthy pioneer established a homoeopathic publication called
the " Southwestern Homoeopathic Journal and Review," which was continued
throusfh three volumes.
364 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
MISSOURI INSTITUTE OF HOMOEOPATHY.
As early as June, 1853, when there were hardly more than a dozen homcE-
opathic practitioners in all Missouri, a state medical society was formed, with
Dr. Thomas Houghton president and Dr. T. G. Comstock secretary. The
society was well grounded, but from lack of numerical strength was dissolved
in the course of a few years. The second homoeopathic medical society in the
state was formed in St. Louis in 1867 and took the name of its predecessor,
and like it, was short lived. The third attempt in the same direction was more
successful, and resulted in the organization, in 1876, of the Missouri Homoe-
opathic Institute, although in ordinary designation the old society name still
obtains. This society has maintained a healthful existence to the present
time, and is one of the strongest homoeopathic bodies in the southwest, hav-
ing about 250 members.
The Good Samaritan Hospital of St. Louis was incorporated in 1859, ^"^
occupied in 1861, and was the outgrowth of the still older Protestant Hos-
pital of St. Louis, the history of which dated back to the early part of 1857,
when it was founded largely through the efforts of the pastor of St. Peter's
Lutheran church. During a part of the civil war period, the successor hos-
pital was occupied by the government as a military hospital, and was restored
to its trustees in 1863. It still exists and has accomplished much good work.
The Children's Hospital, St. Louis, exclusively homoeopathic so far as
its medical department is concerned, was incorporated May 6, 1879, ^"^ has
been maintained to the present time ; and while its location has occasionally
changed its operation never has been seriously interrupted.
The Women's Homoeopathic Hospital of St. Louis was incorporated Feb-
ruary 12, 1891, and was established almost primarily to furnish bedside and
clinical instruction for the benefit of women homoeopathic physicians of the
city as well as to relieve suffering humanity.
The Free Homoeopathic Hospital of St. Louis was founded in 1896, un-
der the auspices of the St. Louis Homoeopathic Medical Society.
The Kansas City Homoeopathic Hospital was founded in the early part
of the year 1889, and was incorporated in December following. The nurses'
school was opened in the same year.
The Homoeopathic Hospital and Training School of Kansas City was
founded in 1899, and incorporated in 1900.
The State Asylum for Insane at Fulton was placed in homoeopathic medi-
cal charge on April 12, 1897, and was restored to allopathic supervision in
1901.
REMINISCENCES.
In 1846 Dr. Spaulding went from New York and located in St.
Louis, where he died two years later. The same year Dr. Ira Vail
went from Kentucky to St. Louis, remaining a short time and going
thence to New Orleans. Dr. John Grainger located in St. Louis in 1847.
He had been located in New York since 1833. He remained in St. Louis
two or three years and then returned to the east.
Dr. Thomas J. Vastine, who had been practicing allo|)athy in Pennsyl- '
vania since 1829, and who had become convinced of the truth of homoeopathy
in 1847, graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania
in 185 1, and immediately went to St. Louis, associating himself in practice
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
365
with Dr. Temple. He practiced in that city until his death in 1872. Dr. J.
D. Steincstel, a native of Germany, was an early practitioner in St. Louis.
He died of cholera in 1849.
In 1846 Dr. Thomas Houghton went to St. Louis with his partner, Dr.
Huff, who died the next year. Dr. Houghton took a prominent part in the
development of homocopathv during his stay in the city. In March, 1850, he
became editor of the " Southvv'cstern Homoeopathic Journal and Review."
Dr. Thomas Griswold Comstock graduated from the St. Louis Medical
College in 1849, ^"d then studied homoeopathy. He began practice in 1850,
and in 1851 received a degree from the Homceopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania. He then returned to St. Louis and soon established a large
practice.
T. G. Comstock, M. D.
Dr. Temple went to California in 1849, remained there two years and
then returned to St. Louis. In January, 1854, " The Family Journal of Homoe-
opathy " was started, and after it had been issued a few months Dr. Tem-
ple became one of its editors, and later its sole editor.
A noteworthy practitioner of homoeopathy in St. Loufs was Dr. H. Ebers,
who in 1853 was chosen by Col. Fremont to accompany him in his exploring
expedition to California. He was absent several months and then returned
to his practice in St. Louis.
A well known practitioner of St. Louis was Dr. Edward C. Franklin, who
graduated froni the University of New York in 1846. and practiced allopathy
366 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
in several places. He went to California in 185 1 and was physician of the
Panama railroad. He wa,s attacked with fever and found a cure in homoe-
opathic medicines and treatment. This impelled him to turn to homoeopathy,
and he began its practice in Dubuque, Iowa. About 1859 he located in St.
Louis. Dr. Franklin was celebrated as an army surgeon, wrote a book on
i^urgery, and was for a time in charge of a United States hospital during the
civil war. He made his home in St. Louis, dying there December 10, 1885.
Dr. William Tod Helmuth went from Philadelphia to St. Louis in 1858,
and became connected with the colleges and practiced there several years, un-
til in 1870. when he removed to New York city. While in St. Louis Dr. Hel-
muth published the " Western Homoeopathic Observer."
An interesting event in early homoeopathic annals in St. Louis was the
trial of Dr. George S. Walker and his expulsion from the St. Louis Medi-
cal Society for practicing homoeopathy. He graduated from the Jefferson
Medical College of Philadelphia in 1852 and went at once to St. Louis. He
had practiced previous to that time in Pittsburgh, Pa., and in California, and
began the practice of homoeopathy in 1859. He had experimented with homoe-
(.ipathic remedies for some time, but it was not until 1861 that he was cited to
appear before the allopathic society to answer the charge of practicing homoe-
opathy. In a carefully prepared paper Dr. Walker reviewed his own life and
gave his reasons for embracing the new medical system. In 1861 he went
into the army as surgeon of volunteers, remained two years and then returned
to private practice.
Dr. Jacques Ravold graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College
of Missouri in i860 and established himself in St. Louis. He served in the
union army during the war as surgeon.
Dr. William Curran was the pioneer of homoeopathy in Hannibal, having
introduced the system there in 1856. He was a native of Kentucky, and is
said to have been a shoemaker before taking up the practice of medicine. At
all events he was a careful prescriber and built up a successful practice. For
a time Dr. Arnold was a partner with Dr. Curran. Another pioneer in
Hannibal was Dr. George Bright Buih (or Birch, as the name appears in the
lists of the American Institute of Homoeopathy), a native of Pennsylvania,
who graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati in 1856.
While at the institute he obtained his first introduction to homoeopathy by
a fellow student. He was in the army as surgeon during the war, and in
July, 1863, located in Hannibal. In 1867 he was sent as commissioner to the
Paris exposition, and was a member of Mark Twain's famous " Quaker City "
excursion. He died in India in 1873.
Dr. John Fee practiced in Hannibal in 1865, going from there to Macon.
Dr. Joseph Lafon located in the town in 1865. He had been an allopathic phy-
sician. In the same year Dr. William D. Foster came from the army and
located in Hannibal.
Homoeopathy was introduced in St. Joseph in 1856, by a German physi-
cian. Dr. Walkenbarth, who afterward went to St. Louis. He was succeeded
by Dr. Fleniken. In 1859 Dr. Talcott and Dr. Burnham located in St. Joseph.
The fourth town in Missouri to receive homoeopathy was Kansas City.
Dr. Joshua Thorne graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Penn-
sylvania in 1856, and in 1850 located as the pioneer in that city. In 1865 Dr.
J. Feld, and in 1868 Drs. Charles Baker and Peter Baker located there.
Captain Holt, a sea captain, introduced homoeopathy in Hartford, Put-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 367
nam county, in i860. He commanded a packet ship from Liverpool to New
York, studied homoeopathy on board ship and left the sea in i860. He went
west and began practice in Hartford, where he met with good success.
Dr. Reuben Caleb Runner located in Chillicothe in 1864, being the first
to introduce homoeopathy in that region. He began practice as an eclectic in
Columbus, Ohio, and later lived in Texas.
Dr. D. T. Abell writes of Sedalia, in 1875. " This is one of the towns
where our system has had a severe struggle for life, and has suffered much
at the hands of her friends. In June, 1863, Dr. Charles Hutawa, a native of
Poland, moved from St. Louis to Sedalia and began to practice homceopathy.
He was a graduate of the University of Berlin, an accomplished gentleman
and thorough scholar. He had served both in Europe and America in the
army, and was at one time one of the ablest defenders of the dogmas of the
old school. While in Prussia he conducted a long controversy through the
press agamst homceopathy. His practice was chiefly among the Germans.
He practiced until two days before his death, which occurred February 16,
1873, at the age of ninety-four years."
Homoeopathv was introduced in Warrensburg in 1864 by Dr. Tyson.
During the war, the physicians generally were with the army and Dr. Tyson,
although a non-graduate, was often called in until he became regularly en-
gaged in practice.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Springfield in 1865 by Dr. W. A. Hyde,
who had practiced the old system for ten years. Up to 1875 there were but
three other homoeopaths in Springfield, Drs. Thompson, J. W. Weis and one
other. In Boonville homoeopathy was introduced by Dr. Moore. In 1865
Dr. D. D. Miles located there. In 1872 Dr. C. J. Burgher went to Boonville.
Dr. Henry Christian Lehnert located in Glenwood, Schuyler county, in 1869.
He had begun the practice of homoeopathy in Postville, Iowa, in 1865.
Dr. Adams Peabody became interested in homoeopathy about 1850 and
in 185 1 settled in Boone county. He v^^as interested in several newspaper
enterprises, and located in Jefiferson City about 1853. In 1866 he began to
preach as a minister of the New Jerusalem church, and five years later was
ordained.
Dr. Peter Temple, a brother of Dr. J. T. Temple, writes of homoeopathy
in Lexington in 1875 • " This was a large slaveholding district and the
first settlers were from Kentucky and Virginia, and they and their de-
scendants are slow in breaking away from the old school practice. The
first homoeopathic medicine given in this county was by my wife in 1847,
from a case given her by my brother, Dr. John T Temple, with Epps'
Practice. She being an uncompromising advocate of the system practised
on our children when sick, and the neighbors seeing the good effect of her
treatment, soon got medicine for their children, and soon she had quite
a reputation for doctoring children and others. I am a graduate of the
University of Pennsylvania. In 1861 I graduated from the Homoeopathic
Medical College of St. Louis and moved into town the same year. Between
1854 and i860 there had been several homoeopathic physicians, mostly Ger-
mans, located here, but none of them stayed long enough to make any
impression on the community. When I came I found a Dr. Williams prac-
ticing. Notwithstanding the prejudice against homoeopathy I soon got a
very good practice. Being favorably known by the citizens generally as an
allopathic physician formerly, I gained access to many families whose doors
368
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
^vould have otherwise been shut against me. My son, Dr. J. R. Temple,
became my partner in 1867. At the death of my son in March, 1871, I
associated with Dr. G. W. Barker."
Hom.oeopathic physicians in Missouri previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was
of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
1857 Asmann, F. x St. Louis 1857
1857 Barker, G. W, x Lexington 1865
1864 Buih, George B. * Hannibal 1850
1857 Buettner, F. x St. Louis 1850
1850 Comstock, Thomas G. St. Louis 1852
1856 Curran, William Hannibal 1857
1873 Cummings, J. C. * Kansas City i860
1858 Dunham, Dr. St. Joseph 1852
1850 Ebers, H. St. Louis 1846
1857 Fellerer, E. A. x St. Louis 1846
1857 Field, S. X Jackson 1857
1856 Franklin, Edward C. * St. Louis 1859
1833 Grainger, John St. Louis 1842
1857 Hartmann, J. x St. Louis 1861
1846 Houghton, Thomas St. Louis 1856
1853 Helmuth, William Tod St. Louis 1846
1865 Hyde, W. A. * Springfield 1S51
i860 Holt, Captain Hartford 1859
1846 Huff, Dr. St. Louis 1856
1857 Hutawa, Charles x * St. Louis 1853
1865 Lafon, Joseph * Hannibal
Laubenstein, A. D. x St. Louis
Lehnert, Henry C. * Glenwood
Luyties, Diedrich R. St. Louis
Nollau, Rev. E. L. St. Louis
Peabody, Adams Jefferson City
Peterson, B- H. x St. Louis
Ravold, Jacques St. Louis
Runner, Reuben C. * Chillicothe
Spaulding, Dr. * St. Louis
Steinestel, J. D. St. Louis
Smotridge, F. x St. Charles
Talcott, Dr. x St. Joseph
Temple, John T. * St. Louis
Temple, Peter * Lexington
Thorn, Joshua Kansas City
Vail, Ira St. Louis
Vastine, Thomas J. * St. Louis
Walker, George S. * St. Louis
Walkenbarth, Dr. St. Joseph
White, Daniel St. Louis
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 369
CHAPTER XXIX
HOMOEOPATHY IX TENNESSEE.
By Thomas Lindslev Bradford, M. D.
Nashville a Center of Medical Education — Experiences of Drs. Harsh, Wheaton and
Kellogg, Early Homeopathic Practitioners in Tennessee — Homoeopathic Medical
Society of Tennessee — Reminiscences and List of Early Practitioners in the State,
For more than half a century the city of Nashville in Tennessee has
been an acknowledged center of medical thought, medical initiative and medical
learning, and while the conditions were forming that led to this enviable
prominence the homoeopathic school found lodgment there ; but notwithstand-
ing this the doctrine of Hahnemann never has gained a strong foothold in
the state, and at no time in its history has the number of its practitioners
exceeded thirty-five, and in the city of Nashville not more than ten at any
one time.
Chroniclers of homoeopathic history in the state credit Dr. Philip Harsh
with having been the pioneer of his school in the region under treatment,
and Nashville as his place of abode. He was educated in medicine in Ger-
many, naturalized as a citizen of the United States in 1833, and removed
from Cincinnati to Nashville in 1844. The next arrival in the city was
that of Dr. P. M. Wheaton, who began practice there about 1847. ^^ ^
letter written to a friend in the following year, he said : "You will perceive
that I have located in Nashville and find nothing known of homoeopathy in
Tennessee, myself and partner being the only homoeopathists in the state."
Dr. George M. Kellogg originally was from New York and practiced
in New Orleans several years previous to 1853, when he took up his abode
in Nashville, where he remained less than two years. He described the con-
ditions surrounding the practice there as follows : " On my arrival I found
the best possible element for proselyting, viz., an intelligent community, also a
lay advocate of great social and intellectual influence in the person of Mr.
James B. Craighead, who is to be regarded as the pioneer of homoeopathy
in Nashville. After surveying my ground I came to the conclusion that the
strongest appeal I could make to such a community would be through their
intelligence. I consequently wrote and published a tract entitled ' An answer
to the question. What is Homoeopathy?' This thesis, I flatter myself, laid
the foundation for an intelligent appreciation of homoeopathy."
Next came Dr. Henry Sheffield, in 1855, a graduate of the Western
College of Homoeopathic Medicine in 1852. and a former practitioner in Sac-
ramento, California. "To Dr. Sheffield principally," says a contemporary
writer, "is Nashville indebted for the advantage her citizens are reaping
from homoeopathy. He had been preceded by other physicians of his school,
but they failed to enlist popular favor. His high character, perseverance,
foresight and skill overcame obstacles that they found insurmountable, and
now thousands are treating according to the homoeopathic system where the
370 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
practice was limited to a few hundreds. The barren field which Dr. Sheffield
found at Nashville is, as we have shown, no longer barren ; it has been well
cultivated and is yielding golden fruit."
HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY OF TENNESSEE.
This society was organized at a convention assembled in Nashville, De-
cember I, 1875, when officers were elected as follows: Dr. J. P. Dake of
Nashville, president; Dr. L. D. Morse of Memphis and Dr. E. H. Price of
Chattanooga, vice-presidents ; Dr. Eugene R. Smith of Edgefield, secretary ;
Dr. T. E. Enloe of Edgefield, treasurer; Drs. R. M. Lytle, Charles R. Doran
and H. Falk, all of Nashville, censors. The society held meetings with fair
regularity until 1877, after which none were held until September 10, 1890,
when a reorganization was effected at Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga. In
the same year an incorporation was effected. The society never has been
numerically strong, and since 1900 has not been assembled.
In 1868 Dr. Randal M. Lytle, an allopathic physician who had been
practicing medicine for twelve years and who had been a surgeon in charge
of several confederate hospitals during the war, began to investigate homoe-
opathy under Dr. Sheffield. He soon adopted it, received a diploma from
Ilahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1870, and then began prac-
tice in Nashville. Another allopathic physician, Dr. Barfield, also sought
advice of Dr. Sheffield, and became a believer in homoeopathy, which he prac-
ticed in Franklin.
In 1869 Dr. Jabez P. Dake went from Pittsburgh to Nashville, making
the latter city his home. Dr. Herman Falk. a German graduate from Berlin,
located in Nashville in 1869. Dr. William C. Dake, son of J- P- Dake, located
with his father in Nashville in 1873, after graduating from New York Homoe-
opathic Medical College, Bellevue, and the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons of New York.
In the August number of the " Nashville Journal of Medicine and Sur-
gery " appeared the following notice : " The members of the graduating
class of the medical department of the University of Nashville of 1874 will
regret to know that Dr. Enloe, a co-graduate, has abandoned the flag of
honourable medicine and embraced homoeopathy." Dr. Enloe had declared
a right to study and practice medicine as he pleased, and that no school could
be considered honorable that was not tolerant, enlightened, progressive and
successful. He mentioned making the acquaintance of Dr. J. P. Dake, of
examining his homoeopathic library, and of receiving instruction from him
on the principles of homoeopathy. He acknowledged that there was a method
about the homoeopathic system which was lacking in allopathy, and ended
liis defence of himself as follows : " Under the folds of a flag bearing the
true insignia of medical science and hope to the dwellings of the sick, how-
ever characterized by the journals and faculties of what assumes to be hon-
ourable medicine, I stand with pride."
Dr. Charles R. Doran, a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College
of Pennsylvania in 1866, removed from Hagerstown, .Md., to Nashville in
1874. In 1857 there was one homoeopathic practitioner in Nashville; in 1870
there were four; in 1878, nine; in 1888, ten; in 1899, eight.
About the time that Dr. Sheffield began practice in Nashville Dr. John
A. Williams introduced homoeopathy in Memphis. In writing of the events
of the period, he said: 'I came to Memphis in 1854. Previous to that time,
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
371
as I was informed, four or five persons had visited this city who made use
of homoeopathic remedies, hut none of them remained in practice for more
than a very brief period. When I arrived here homoeopathy had not been
practiced in the city for the previous two years. I have remained here ever
since 1854; am a graduate of the Cleveland college, and the only homoeopathic
graduate in the city. There are three regular physicians, educated in the
allopathic school, who now use the homoeopathic remedies, namely, W. A.
Edmonds, Allen, and Hewett, the latter also an eclectic, and a medical sceptic.
These, with myself, constitute the entire homoepathic faculty of this city. I
estimate that fully one-third of the medical practice is homoeopathic. It is only
just to my professional brethren of the allopathic school to say that I ex-
Jabez P. Dake, M. D.
perience from them the same professional recognition and courtesy which they
exercise among themselves."
Dr. W. A. Edmonds located in Memphis in March, 1857. ^^ had gradu-
ated from the Louisville institute in 1845, and after practicing allopathy ten
years he embraced homoeopathy. Dr. John Citarotto located in Memphis in
1866. He had been an allopathic physician, but practiced homoeopathy in
Cuba, Indiana, after 1859.
Dr. John R. Allen, a prominent allopathic physician of Memphis, a man
of ability, and who had for twelve years been superintendent of the asylum
for the insane at Louisville, Ky., became a convert to homoeopathy in 1867
372 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
He previously had bitterly opposed the school. Dr. Lucius D. Morse located
in Memphis in 1872. Dr. Gentry also practiced there at one time.
Dr Ivo W. Buddeke, a student of Dr. J. P. Dake, graduated from the
Pulte Medical College in 1875 and located in Jackson. Dr. H. B. Sashlee
located in Hollow Rock, and Dr. R. A. Hicks in Trenton, in 1875.
Dr. J. H. Morgan introduced homceopathy in the eastern part of the
state. He said : " I had the honor to introduce homoeopathy to the citizens
of Knoxville and Knox coupty, which was done last January. I am a gradu-
ate of the Missouri Medical College (old), Dr. McDowell, dean." Dr. Mor-
gan established a good business. In May, 1869, he was followed by Dr. W. N.
Carter, with whom he went into partnership. Drs. S. Saltmarsh, C. D. Crank,
W. W. Tydeman and J. W. Paxton were also among the early practitioners
in Knoxville.
In 1869 Dr. E. H. Price located in Chattanooga, introducing the practice
there. Dr. D. G. Curtis located there in 1871.
In 1874 a bill was introduced in the legislature of Tennessee to control
the pupilage of medical students, and to establish a monopoly of allopathic
principles in the state. It was an " Act to Protect the Citizens from Quack-
ery," and provided that the entire control of the practice of medicine should
be placed in the hands of the State Medical Association of Tennessee. The
friends of homoeopathy began to assail this measure with satire and ridicule.
A series of articles appeared in the daily papers over the signature of " Hugh
Bedam," burlesquing the affair. A pamphlet also was issued, entitled
" State Medicine and a Medical Inquisition, by a Citizen." These articles
put the matter forcefully before the people and when the time came the meas-
ure received three votes, which were cast by allopathic physicians. In 1870
the Medical Association of Tennessee (allopathic) held its annual meeting
and went through the farce of dropping the name of Dr. Eugene R. Smith
from the rolls, although he had had nothing to do with the association for
five years.
Homoeopathic physicians in Tennessee previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was
of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
1867 Allen, John R. * Memphis 1856 Hunt, Samuel P. * Nashville
Barfield, Dr. * Franklin 1840 Kellogg, George * Nashville
1853 Citarotto, John * Memphis 1866 Lytle, Randal M. * Nashville
1851 Craighead, J. B. (layman) Nashville 1857 Skyles, F. W. x Memphis
1855 Edmonds, W. A. * Memphis 1852 Sheffield, Henry Nashville
Hall, B. W. Nashville 1852 Williams, John A. Memphis
1844 Harsh, Philip * Nashville
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 373
CHAPTER XXX
HOMOEOPATHY IN TEXAS.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Introduction of Hahnemann's System in the Lone Star State — The Texas Homoeopathic
Medical Association — Dr. Parker, the Pioneer — His Life and Works — Other Early
Practitioners in various parts of the State.
Homoeopathy has been a known factor in the history of medicine in
Texas since 1844, a year that has marked that which for convenient designa-
tion is referred to as the second epoch of homoeopathy in America. From
the time when Dr. Parker first began the practice of medicine according to
the law of similars to the close of the nineteenth century, the system enjoyed
a steady, conservative growth, but was not rapid at any intermediate period.
Records disclose that in 1857, a little more than twelve years after the advent
of homoeopathy in the state, there were only five practitioners of the school
in the territory, and in 1870 the number had only doubled. In 1876 there
were twenty-four homoeopaths in Texas, and twenty-two in 1878. However,
from the year last mentioned to the end of the century the increase was
indeed rapid, if our sources of information are reliable, for in 1899 there
were ninety-nine practitioners of homoeopathy in the state; and in 1904, ac-
cording to Polk, the number was seventy-four.
TEXAS HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
The Texas Homoeopathic Medical Association, the pioneer society of its
kind in the state, was organized in Galveston, March 18, 1874, at which time
these officers were chosen : Dr. H. C. Parker of Houston, president ; Dr.
William M. Mercer of Galveston, secretary; Dr. James H. Blake of Houston,
treasurer; Dr. Edward P. Angell of Double Bayou, essayist. The association
was incorporated in May, 1874, and continued its existence about ten years,
although at times on account of lack of interest and its small membership its
dissolution was threatened. It was reorganized, however, at a meeting held
in Austin, May i, 1884, at which time these officers were elected: Dr. Charles
E. Fisher of Austin, president ; Drs. Joseph Jones of San Antonio and Mrs.
A. T. Hall of Waco, vice-presidents ; Dr. J. C. Tucker of San Antonio, secre-
tary; Dr. T. H. Bragg of Austin, treasurer. In 1903 the membership was
forty-five.
REMINISCENCES.
The early history of homoeopathy in Texas is largely the record of
achievement of Dr. Henry. C. Parker. From the outset his system was favor-
ably received, a fact due to the courage and unselfish devotion of this verita-
ble " father of homoeopathy " in the " Lone Star " state. Dr. Parker was
born in Georgia in 181 9. He was the son of a farmer and his youth was one
of poverty and toil. For six years he never went to bed without reading one
hundred pages by the uncertain light of a pine knot. At eighteen he became
374 HISTORY OF HOAKEOPATHY
a student of medicine, and devoted five years to its study, although he
attended but one course of lectures. He began practice in the Tombigbee
valley in Mississippi, a populous region where the prevailing diseases were
congestive and bilious fevers of malignant type. In 1845 typhoid was
brought into the neighborhood and it spread rapidly, visiting every planta-
tion with a terrible mortality. Medical treatment proved unavailing. After
spending the entire night with two favorite negroes who, despite every aid
that medical science could render, died before daybreak, Dr. Parker started
for home disgusted with remedies of uncertain action and with futile theories.
He determined to take no more patients. On his way home he was besought
to prescribe for a young lady just taken ill. He yielded and retired from her
bedside to his own chamber sick. He lay there for several days prescribing
from verbal reports brought to him. One afternoon the messenger reported
symptoms that seemed to him dangerous. He speedily visited her, found her
chatting with friends, but detected the presence of grave danger. He told
the family that he had no power to avert death, and that unless other remedies
than his were applied she would die in a few hours. He had heard of the
success attending the practice of Dr. John D. Logue, a homoeopathic physician
of Meridian, and he besought them to send for him, but they refused, and
the patient died before daybreak. He then sought Dr. Logue, visited his
patients, saw his practice, studied homceopathy, and soon became a convert
and Dr. Logue's business partner. He sought a broader field, and in April,
1848, opened an office in Houston and became the pioneer of homoeopathy in
that region at a time when Texas was attracting to her borders young men
from the older states. There were then in Houston sixteen allopathic phy-
sicians, men of ability, but prejudiced by professional jealousies. Dr.
Parker's library was the best and the largest in the town, and with professional
courtesy it was opened to every physician. They soon found him to be in
diagnosis and practical skill the equal of the best of them, and his kindness
and fair dealing commanded their respect. When a critical case called for
counsel Dr. Parker was sent for, and while the allopaths disagreed with each
other, they all for the time agreed with the homoeopath.
While consulting it was Dr. Parker's practice to advise allopathic medi-
cines if there was a probability that they would succeed, but if not to offer
homoeopathic treatment, and this was never refused. In this way the phy-
sicians of the city acquired some knowledge of a few leading homoeopathic
remedies, and they did not hesitate to make use of them.
In September, 1848, the year of Dr. Parker's settlement in Houston, yel-
low fever broke out v/ith great violence. The old school doctors now saw
a chance to test the claims of homoeopathy, and they called the young doctor
to almost the first case that appeared. He had anticipated this, and had care-
fully studied all that had been written on the subject. There was no homoe-
opathic authority on the treatment of yellow fever, but Dr. Parker relied on
its treatment in accordance with the law of similia. During the epidemic he
treated one hundred and eighty cases, receiving many after they had been
abandoned by the old school practitioners. The same winter Asiatic cholera
raged in Texas. The people reasoned that if homoeopathy could cure yellow
fever it could also cure cholera, and soon Dr. Parker was Iturdened with
patients. He saw many cases and lost none that he saw in the first stage,
and saved many that had lain in collapse. All opposition to homoeopathy now
ceased, and Dr. Parker's life mitil 1853 was one of pleasant and successful
HISTORY OF hlOAlOiOPATHY 375
practice. Then came the terrible epidemic of yellow fever and he
treated four hundred and seventy-four patients with a loss of but forty-two.
For five weeks he averaged four visits in every hour of the twenty-four.
Sleep was impossible and at its close he found himself broken in health and
prematurely aged. During the next year the epidemic reappeared and was
treated with the same success as before. Dr. Parker's health now declined
so rapidly that in 1855 he was compelled to ask Dr. Blake of Brenham, who
had a few years before embraced homoeopathy, to remove to Houston and
become his partner. After the epidemic the distinguished pioneer retired
from active practice and passed his time on his plantation in Montgomery
county ; but when the epidemic of yellow fever appeared in Galveston, in 1867,
he again entered the field, remaining there until it had nearly run its course and
had appeared in Houston, and then went to that city. After this epidemic
Dr. Parker prepared a pamphlet entitled " Some Account of the Yellow Fever
as it appeared in Galveston and Texas in 1867, with Symj)toms, Treatment,"
etc.
The next homoeopath in Texas was Dr. Eldmund H. Blake, who began
practice as an allopath in Washington county in 1846, and was converted to
homoeopathy in 1853 through the influence of Dr. Parker. In 1855 he re-
moved to Houston. His son. Dr. James Harris Blake, graduated from the
Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1870 and joined his father
in Houston. In 1899 there were seven homoeopathic practitioners in Houston.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Galveston in 1850 by Dr. Joseph R. Brown.
He had been practicing in Phoenix, New York, and in 1850 went to Texas,
where two years later he practiced in partnership with Dr. Richard L. Bryan,
who was a native of Brazil.
In December, 1854, Dr. James Angell went from Mississippi and began
the practice of homoeopathy in Galveston. Nine years before, while visiting
the city, he had treated some patients but had not adopted homoeopathy,
though at the time he was interested in it. In 1867 his son, Dr. E. P. Angell,
located with his father, remaining tmtil 1876, when he removed to Chambers
county.
Dr. Royer went from San Antonio to Galveston in 1865, dying of yellow
fever in 1867. Dr. J. H. Koers located in Galveston in 1865. Dr. Ulrich of
Alabama located there in 1867 and died in the yellow fever epidemic the same
year. Dr. William M. Mercer graduated from the University of Louisiana
in 1859 and until 1867 practiced allopathy in New Orleans. In 1867 he be-
came a convert to homoeopathy and began practice in New Orleans, but
removed in 1868 to Galveston.
Dr. C. F. Springer located in Galveston in 1873. He graduated from
the Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri in 1874. Drs. George A.
Crawfish, Joseph E. Hurfi' and William R Mercer have practiced in Gal-
veston.
Dr. Eckhart L. Beaumont, who was a graduate of Tulane University in
1848, was a pioneer in San Antonio. Dr. Charles E. Fisher of Kansas, a
graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Detroit, and of Pulte
Medical College (1875), became the partner of Dr. Beaumont in 1875. Dr.
George R. Parsons, a graduate of the Hahnemann Medical College of Chi-
cago in 1874, went to Texas in the fall of 1875. Dr. S. Slocum also practiced
for a time in San Antonio. In 1878 there were but three, and in 1899 there
were eleven homoeopathic practitioners in San Antonio.
376
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
An early practitioner in Huntsville, Lavaca county, was Dr. Friederick,
who was located there as early as 1858, remaining until his death, about 1871.
Dr. J. J. H. Davis practiced in Austin previous to 1870. Dr. Peter P.
Cluff, who had been an old school physician, practiced in Austin previous tO
1875. Dr. G. E. Routh located in that city about 1875.
In Brenham there were located previous to 1875 Dr. H. F. Pahl, a gradu-
ate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1868, and Dr.
C. T. Miller, formerly of Illinois.
In Dallas Dr. D. Rivera practiced for several years. Dr. Thomas C. Mc-
Curdy was located there in 1870. Drs. Andrew P. Davis, Edward E. Davis,
Fergus S. Davis, Fines J. Dickey, Fraficis Keller, John G. Achenbach, Thomas
J. Crowe, Cannon A. Hart, William L. Hill Alexander P. Stewart and John
E. and Wilbur F. Thatcher have practiced in Dallas.
Dr. George Washington Williams was located in Dennison as early as
1872. Drs. Charles E. Johnson, A. C. Williamson, William L. Smith have
practiced in Dennison. Dr. Edwin Mussina was practicing in Sherman as
early as 1872. Dr. W. W. Wilson located in Palestine about 1870.
Dr. Solomon W. Cohen went to Waco in 1879 ^"^ i" 1883 wrote for
the " Texas Pellet '' the history of homoeopathy in that town. The pioneer in
Waco was Dr. Fountain Jones, who in 1874 was looking for a location in the
south on account of ill health in his family, and located in Waco.
Dr. George D. Streeter went to Waco in 1877, and by his advice Dr.
S. W. Cohen settled there in 1879. Dr. Carlton H. Rew also practiced in
that city.
Homoeopathic physicians in Texas previous to 1870. The date preceding
the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoeopathy.
The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some other
school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine before
the date given.
1854 Angell, James * Galveston
1868 Angell, E. P. Galveston
.... Beaumont, Eckhart L. * San An-
tonio
1853 Blake, Edmund H. * Houston
1870 Blake, James Harris Houston
1847 Brown, Joseph R. Galveston
1850 Bryan, Richard L. Galveston
1868 Boynton, F. M. Henderson
i8s7 Clarke, J. x Benton
1875 Cluff, Peter P. x * Austin
1870 Davis, J. J. H. X Austin
1870 Edwards, G. x Anderson
1872 Fisher, Charles E. San Antonio
1858 Friederick, Dr. x Huntsville
1868 Gehhard. L. H. x Hillsboro
1872 Jones, Fountain * Waco
1865 Koers, J- H. x San Antonio
1873 Lee, W. S. Dallas
1867 Mercer, W. Mosby * Galveston
1857 Messner, Dr. x Benton
1875 Miller, C. T. x Brenham
1870 McCurdy, Thomas C. x Dallas
1872 Mussina, Edwin Sherman
1848 Parker, Henry C. * Houston
1868 Pahl. Henry F. Brenham
1874 Parsons, George R. Kerrville
1865 Royer, Dr. x Galveston
1875 Routh, G. E. X Austin
1870 Rivera, D. x Dallas
1874 Springer, C. F. Galveston
1867 Ulrich, Dr. x Galveston
1870 Whittock, F. W. X Farmington
1872 Williams, George W. Denison
1875 Wilson, W. W. X Palestine
HISTORY OF HOAKEOPATHY 377
CHAPTER XXXI
HOMOEOPATHY IN CALIFORNIA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Homoeopathy finds Lodgment on the Pacific Slope in 1849 — Pioneers were both Physi-
cians ?.nd Gold Hunters — The State Medical Society — Benjamin Ober, the Pioneer
Homoeopath — Reminiscences and List of Practitioners.
Homoeopathy was a " Forty-Niner " in California and was drawn into
the land of gold on the great wave of human emigration that swept across the
country in 1849 ^"*^ carried to the Pacific slope thousands of adventurous
spirits who were alarmingly afflicted with the gold fever — a malady for
which neither the old nor the homoeopathic school furnished a specific in all
the vast volumes of materia medica or therapeutics ; but a remedy was found
at last which cured this " fever " most effectually and speedily, and that cure
was '' experience," a modest remedial agent, perhaps, but one which had its
compensations in various ways, chief among which was the discovery of a
delightful, salubrious climate, in itself a mighty healing force which soon
being supplemented with the intelligent administration of homoeopathic medica-
ments restored normal mental and physical conditions and at the same time
gave to the Hahnemannian theory of medicine a pre-eminence west of the
" Rockies " which has ever since been maintained.
In the rush and turmoil of " fevered " life in the region under considera-
tion small heed was given to occurring events, hence there is little to record
of the earliest history of homoeopathy in the " affected " district. Gold, the
almost sole object of the early adventurers, was found in abundance, but
■fortune rewarded the strenuous endeavors of comparatively few of those
who sought it ; but the ambition to become so possessed overshadowed all
other considerations, and it was only when necessity — stern master — com-
pelled that even the homoeopath turned away from the " diggings " to pros-
pect for " pay dirt " in the practice of his profession.
It is known, however, that Dr. Benjamin Ober was the pioneer of
homoeopathy in California ; that he crossed the " Rockies " in the early sum-
mer of 1849, arrived in San Francisco July 3, and was a part of the subse-
quent life of that city and the state until the time of his death, May 13, 1867.
Throughout that period he was an important part of homoeopathy in the
region, and his experiences there have served as the foundation of numerous
medical journal articles in all later years, and in the re-telling none of them
has abated its original force. Late in December,' 1849, Ober sent a letter to
Dr. Kirby of the " American Journal." in which he said :
" Since I had the pleasure of seeing you I have seen the Elephant, as the
phrase goes. I have travelled over a good portion of the El Dorado, explored
its mountains, its valleys, its streams, and its diggings, both wet and dry. I
have been familiar with grizzly bears and grim death ; have contended both in
hospital and private practice with all the forms of disease which have been
so fatal to the armv of gold seekers."
378
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
In a letter written in 1854 Ober describes improved conditions : " We
are at present free of almost everything in the shape of sickness, as the boats
at this season bring no invoices for doctors and undertakers." Little is known
of Dr. Ober's early life and education. He practiced homoeopathy in Wilkes-
Barre in Pennsylvania and became a member of the American Institute of
Homoeopathy in 1850. He is said to have been a graduate of a New York
imiversity.
Whatever the trials and tribulations of the early exemplars of homoe-
opathy in California, the school itself enjoyed a healthful growth after the
period of gold excitement was passed and normal conditions were established
in the various departments of domestic life in the homoeopathic household.
E. J. Fraser, M. D.
However, in 1857 there were only five homoeopathic physicians in the state,
and twenty-four in 1870; two hundred and one in 1885, three hundred and
ninety-five in 1899, and three hundred and eighty in 1904. In this connection
it may be said that of the pioneers of the profession in the state many were
impelled to locate there in the hope of regaining health which had become for
some cause impaired in the east.
CALIFORNIA STATE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The California State Medical Society of Homoeopathic Practitioners
was organized in San Francisco, March 24, 1871, and was incorporated
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
P>79
April lo, 1872. l"\jr a time it was a progressive body, but later on discordant
elements impaired its efficiency, led to dissensions and resulted in virtual dis-
solution. However, a reorganization was effected as the result of a confer-
ence, and on August 8, 1874, the Pacific Homoeopathic Medical Society of
the State of California was brought into existence, with these first officers:
Dr. J. M. Selfridge of Oakland, president; Dr. H. Knapp of San Francisco,
vice-president; Dr. J. S. Beakley of San Francisco, secretary; Dr. J. A.
Albertson of San Francisco, treasurer; Drs. George M. Pease and H. H.
Ingerson of San Francisco, and J. J. Gushing of Sausalito, censors.
In 1875-76 the legislature passed an act to regulate the practice of medi-
cine in Galifornia, and authorized the state medical societies then in existence
Frederick Hiller, M. D.
to appoint a board of state medical examiners ; but before the act went into
effect the Pacific Medical Society was regularly organized and incorporated,
and later an action was brought to annul the charter, which proceeding, it
is said, was instigated by the older society. As a result of this litigation the
new organization lost its charter, but not its entity, and in 1877 the two
societies were united and formed the Galifornia State Homoeopathic Medical
Society, the first officers of which were as follows : Dr. G. M. Dixon, presi-
dent; Drs. J. N. Eckel and A. A. Thiese, vice-presidents; Dr. George H.
Jenks. secretary ; Dr. A. Liliencrantz, treasurer ; Drs. T. G. Goxhead, J. A.
Albertson, J. M. Selfridge, G. W. Breyfogle, H. H. Lyon, censors. The so-
380 HISTORY OF HOMGEOPATHY
ciety was incorporated December 22, 1877, ^"^ appointed its annual meetings
to be held in May, at the Homoeopathic Medical College in San Francisco.
The Society of Homoeopathic Practitioners being incorporated and having the
appointment of the board of state medical examiners, assumed to scrutinize
all diplomas and issue certificates of qualification for practice ; and in con-
nection with the authority thus possessed is said to have made arbitrary use
of the privilege, which led to another contest in the legislature to determine
which society should have the right to nominate the members of the examin-
ing board, which right was awarded to the California State Homoeopathic
Society. The Practitioners' society then passed out of existence,
In this connection the hospital institutions of the state are entitled to at
least brief mention. The first homoeopathic hospital in the state was founded
in 1854 by Dr. Frederick Hiller, and was given the name of Nevada City
Hospital. The building was burned in 1862, and the hospital was not re-
opened. The San Francisco Surgical and Gynaecological Institute was founded
and conducted by the members of the San Francisco County Society of Homoe-
opathic Practitioners, and was in all respects a praiseworthy institution,
although its life was short.
The Fabiola Hosiptal in Oakland had its origin in the Oakland Homoe-
opathic Hospital and Dispensary Association, the latter of which dates its
history from November 6, 1877, and owes its existence to the philanthropic
efforts and liberality of Mrs. R. W. Kirkham, who frequently has been men-
tioned as the " Fabiola of Oakland." The hospital and dispensary were main-
tained in various and convenient places until the erection of a permanent
building, which was dedicated May 25. 1888. In 1886 the name was changed
to Fabiola Hospital.
The Southern California State Asylum for Insane and Inebriates in
Patton, near Redlands, was opened in 1893 under homoeopathic supervision.
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. Moritz Richter arrived in San Francisco in the latter part of
1850 or early in the next year. From his own story and the state-
ments of friends and patients as reported by Dr. J. N. Eckel, who married
Richter's daughter, he was the first practitioner of homoeopathy in San Fran-
cisco. Two years later, in 1853. Dr. John J. Cushing opened an office on
Kearney street, opix)site the plaza. In the latter part of 1853 Dr. David
Springsteed settled in the city, but remained only a short time, and was suc-
ceeded by his former student. Dr. Charles G. Bryant, who became partner
with Dr. Cushing. He died about 1856. About the same time Dr. Kafka, a
native of Prague and a veteran of Napoleon's campaign in Russia, located
in the city.
Dr. John FitzGibbon Geary, a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania, and who had practiced in Philadelphia, came to
San Francisco in 1862, and remained there until his death, October 3, 1883.
Dr. Paulson located in San Francisco about this time, and in 1866 Dr.
J. A. Albertson went there. He was a graduate of Hahnemann Medical Col-
lege of Chicago. It was in Dr. Albertson's office that several physicians met
in 1861 to consider the establishment of the homoeopathic college in San
Francisco. He died July 7, 1899. In the spring of 1867 Dr. W. N. Griswold
located in San Francisco. In June, 1870, Dr. Edwin J. Eraser came there.
He had graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago in 1864,
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
381
and commenced practice in Chicago. The next year he went to Erie, Pa.,
where he took the practice of Dr. N. Seymour.
About the same time Dr. J. P. Dinsmore settled in San Francisco. In
September, 1874, Dr. J. Murray Moore, who had practiced eight years in
Liverpool, England, went there, as also m 1868 did Dr. John Stoat Beakley, a
graduate of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, and who practiced
four months in New York city.
Dr. Frederick Hiller was one of the pioneers in San Francisco. He
graduated at the Royal Academy of Surgeons in 1840, and practiced in
Europe until 1848, when he came to America. The next winter he became
a convert to homoeopathy through the influence of Dr. Pantillon, with whom
John Esten, M. D.
he studied in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1852 he journeyed with his wife and
child in a great caravan of adventurers, to the Pacific slope. The cholera
broke out in the desert and he had an opportunity of putting into practice
the homoeopathic treatment which he had lately learned. He reached San
Francisco February i, 1853. and soon established a paying practice, but at the
solicitation of friends he went in 1854 to Nevada City, wdiere he established
the first homoeopathic hospital on the Pacific coast. Later on he went to
Virginia City, Nevada, remaining there seven years, and in 1870 removed
to San Francisco.
Dr. John Esten practiced allopathy four years, then became a convert
382 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
to homcEopathy and in 1858 opened an office in Rockland, Maine. In Sep-
tember, 1868, he went to San Francisco, where he permanently located. Dr.
Maximilian Werder, a native of Wiirtemburg, came to America in 1854. In
1859 a severe affliction of the eyes compelled him to relinquish studies in St.
Vincent College, Pennsylvania. The allopathic physicians declared the case
incurable. He became acquainted with Drs. F. X. Spranger and Dake of
Pittsburgh, placed himself under Spranger's care, and was completely cured
in one year. He then studied medicine with Dr. Spranger, graduated from the
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1866, and in 1868 started
for California in search of a milder climate, locating permanently in San
Francisco. Dr. John Floto started for California in 1850, but stopped when
he reached New Orleans. In i860 he again went west and settled in San
Francisco, practiced there twenty years and then made Oakland his home.
Dr. Floto was born in Prussia ; was educated in Germany and came to
America in 1830, as a Lutheran minister. He attended Jefferson Medical
College of Philadelphia, but in 1839 matriculated at the AUentown Academy,
where he graduated. He then located in Selma, Miss. He was one of the
best known physicians in California, and lived to enjoy the distinction of
being the oldest homoeopathic physician in the world. He died at Oakland,
June 10, 1904. at the age of ninety-nine years. Drs. Carreras, Hahn and
Royer were among the early practitioners in San Francisco. In 1857 there
were in the city but four homceopathic physicians; in 1870, fourteen; in 1885,
forty-eight; in 1899, eighty-eight, and in 1904, ninety.
As early as 1851 Dr. Bucknell commenced the practice of homoeopathy
at the mission of San Jose, then in the northern part of Santa Clara county,
now Alameda county. On account of weak lungs he went into the interior in
the fall of 1852. Dr. Kimball located at Haywards about 1861.
Dr. J. M. Selfridge commenced practice in Washington township, Ala-
meda county, in 1863. In October, 1866, he removed to Oakland, where he
found Dr. T. C. Coxhead, who had been there two years and was the pioneer
homoeopath in Oakland. He first located at Oroville in 1856, practiced there
five vears, then removed to Mendocino, and from there to Oakland in 1864.
Dr. i. M. Nicholson located in Oakland in 1868. In 1874 Dr. A. S. Wright,
who had been pioneer in Nebraska, removed to California, locating in Santa
Rosa.
Dr. Charles W. Breyfogle was the pioneer in San Jose, having located
there in 1872. His brother. Dr. Edwin S. Breyfogle, located there a year or two
later. Dr. Breyfogle had been in practice in Louisville, and ill health com-
pelled him to go to California. He died in San Jose February 26, 1895. ^^^
Hardenstein introduced homoeopathy in Sacramento about 1851 or 1852, and
left there in 1853. After he left Dr. Blackburn opened an office in the capital
city, but remained onlv a few months.
Dr. William Robert Reud located in Sacramento in 1870. He had
graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1869.
He remained there two years, and was succeeded by Drs. J. K. Clark and H.
H. Ingerson. In 1874 Dr. Tngerson went to San Francisco. In 1873 Dr.
W. A. Hughson settled in Marysville and removed thence to Sacramento.
About this time Drs. Huessinger, Kellogg and Dixon located in Sacramento.
The pioneer in Stockton was Dr. L. F. Cross, who went there in 1873.
His brother. Dr. S. N. Cross, located there in 1877. A pioneer in Santa
Barbara was Dr. Edward T. Balch.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
38-
The pioneer homoeopath in San Diego was Dr. George W. Barnes. He
graduated from the Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine in 185 1, and
located in Cleveland, but in 1869 ill health caused him to go to California.
Drs. H. R. Arndt and E. V. Norman have practiced there.
Dr. H. H. Ingerson, a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania in i860, was a native of Vermont. He first located in Fonda,
and after having served as surgeon with the nth New York Volunteers he
practiced in Watertown. From there he went to Cairo, Illinois, being the first
homoeopathic physician in that city. He afterwards practiced in Kansas City,
Missouri, and later m Peoria, Illinois, where he was partner with Dr. Troyer.
Licorge \V . Barnes, M. U.
In 1871 ill health compelled him to seek the Pacific coast and he located in
Sacramento.
Dr. Weisecker introduced homoeopathy in Los Angeles and Dr. Eady
Stevenson was the second practitioner there. Dr. Andrew S. Shorb went
there in 1871. In 1899 there were fifty-seven homoeopathic physicians in
Los Angeles.
Dr. Porter Stevens located in Napa City in 1866. He had been an old
school practitioner in Wisconsin, and in 1848 became interested in homoeopathy
and in 1849 announced himself a practitioner. He was a native of New York
state.
Dr. Jonas C. Raymond, who had previously practiced in Utica, N. Y.,
384
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
went to Oakland in 1877. He died there on March 3, 1901. Dr. Harrisqn
Seth Pelton located there in 1888. Dr. E. W. Bradley practiced for many
years in Oakland and in Grass Valley. Dr. Leslie Jacob Coombs located in
Grass Valley in 1866. He had previously practiced in Oregon.
Homoeopathic physicians in California previous to 1875. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was
of some other school; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
i860
1851
1857
1866
1870
i853
1867
185 1
1857
1870
1870
1852
1856
1870
1851
1870
1849
1853
1858
1839
1864
1870
1855
1870
1865
1870
1830
Albertson, J, A. San Francisco 1848
Barnes, George W. San Diego 1873
Sector, Dr. x San Francisco i860
Beakley, John Stoat San Francisco 1852
Biber, M. x Stockton i860
Blackburn, Dr. Sacramento 1866
Bryant, Charles G. San Francisco 1865
Breyfogle, Charles W. San Jose 1847
Bucknell, Dr. San Jose 1853
Brink, C. W. x San Francisco 1870
Carreras, Dr. x San Francisco 1870
Clark, J. K. X Sacramento 1869
Coombs, Leslie J. * Grass Valley 1850
Coxhead, T. C. Oraville 1870
Cross, L. E. X Stockton 1846
Gushing, John J. San Francisco 1863
De Hart, E. J. x San Francisco 1850
Dinsmore, J. Pitman San Francisco 1866
Eckel, J. N. San Francisco 1870
Esten, John * San Francisco 1859
Floto, John Henry San Francisco 1848
Eraser, Edwin J. San Francisco
Gardiner, F. B. x Cloverdale 1857
Geary, John F. San Francisco
Gibson, W. C. x San Jose 1870
Griswold, W. N. x San Francisco 1862
Hahn, Dr. x San Francisco 1850
Hardenstein, A. O. H. Sacramento
Hiller, Frederick * San Francisco
Hughson, W. A. x Marysville
Ingerson, H. H. Sacramento
Kafka, Dr. San Francisco
Kimball, Dr. Haywards
Moore, J. Muray San Francisco
Nicholson, I. E. Oakland
Ober, Benjamin San Francisco
Paulson, Dr. x San Francisco
Porter, S. R. x Oakland
Rudolph, S. F. X Oakland
Reud, William R. Sacramento
Richter, Moritz San Francisco
Royer, C. L. x San Francisco
Rhees, Morgan John Stockton
Selfridge, J. M. * Oakland
Springstead, David San Francisco
Shepherd, James * Petaluma
Shorb, Andrew S. x Los Angeles
Stevenson, Eady Los Angeles
Stevens, Porter * Napa City
Thiese, A. A. San Francisco
Tobey, S. W. x Sacramento
Warren, Mrs. Dr. Los Angeles
Weisecker, Dr. x Los Angeles
Werder, M. San Francisco
Wright, Augustus S., Santa Rosa
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 385
CHAPTER XXXn
HOMOEOPATHY IN IOWA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Trials of Dr. Beck, the First Homoeopathic Physician in Iowa — Subsequent Permanent
Introduction and Development of the New System in the State — Iowa Medical
Societies — Reminiscences and List of Early Practitioners.
While there is no lack of homoeopathic history in Iowa, the profession
there has recorded so little of its interesting- annals that the chronicler of
its events is at once confronted with a lamentable absence of material from
which to weave the historical narrative. Indeed, the pioneers of homceopathy
in the region now called Iowa were from the outset bent on a more important
errand than noting the history of their movements ; theirs was a struggle
for comfortable livelihood in a region which then had recently come into the
sisterhood of states, for if local tradition be true, it was only five years after
the character of territorial government had been laid aside that Dr. Beck
planted the seed of Hahnemann's " tree of life " in that fertile soil, in the
face of such obstinate resistance on the part of old school practitioners that
the worthy pioneer was compelled to yield to the pressure of adversity and
betake himself to a more congenial neighborhood, where he would be less
beset by enemies.
The story of the growth of homoeopathy in the state during the ten
years next following Beck's advent is correctly told by Dr. Seidlitz in a nar-
rative in which he said that it was " not very marked," but that in later years
the outspreading of the system surpassed the development of the state in
other respects. In 1857, in all this rich region there were only nineteen
homoeopathic practitioners, and in 1870 they had increased to eighty-two
in number. In the next decade. 1870-1880, in respect to increase in number
of practitioners, splendid progress was made, the number in the state in
1880 being three hundred and eleven; in 1890 three hundred and twenty-four;
and in 1904 three hundred and seventy.
Much of this notable progress during the last thirty years has been due
to the founding of a homoeopathic department in the state university, and
in the sweeping away of the obstacles which the old school doctors placed in
the pathway of the homoeopath to impede the progress of his school of
medicine and the advancement of its science. The establishment of a homoe-
opathic department in the imiversity was nothing more than a recognition of
right and justice, and was not in any sense a concession ; and its successful
accomplishment required only the application of intelligent efifort on the part
of the powers controlling the physical afifairs of that public institution. How-
ever, the homoeopathic department of the University of Iowa is made the
subject of special mention in one of the later chapters of this work.
386 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
MEDICAL SOCIETIES.
The Iowa Homoeopathic Aledical Association was organized at a meet-
ing of physicians held in Davenport, May 21. 1862, and while from the first
the interest shown in its welfare was commendable, the disturbed conditions
which tiien prevailed throughout the country on account of the civil war
made the continuance of the society impracticable.
The Society of Homoeopathic Physicians of Iowa was organized in Des
Moines, May 31, 1870. The Cedar Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society was
organized at Waterloo, September 30, 1875. The Central Homoeopathic Med-
ical Association was organized at Cedar Rapids, January 29, 1879. The
Hardin County Society of Homoeopathic Physicians was organized about
1875. The Linn County Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at
Marion, June 23, 1875. The Northeastern Iowa Homoeopathic Medical So-
ciety was organized at the second meeting of the Cedar Valley Society, at
Waterloo, October 28, 1875. by changing the name of the latter. The North
Missouri Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at Hamburg,
Iowa, June i, 1876. The Polk County Homoeopathic Medical Society was
organized at Des Moines in May, 1882. The Scott County Homoeopathic
Medical Society was organized at Davenport in 1883. The Homoeopathic
Medical Society of Woodbury County was organized at Sioux City, Decem-
ber 27, 1888, and on May 7, 1889, the name was changed to Sioux City
Homoeopathic Medical Association. The Des Moines Homoeopathic Clinical
Society was organized in 1890 or 189 1.
REMINISCENCES.
In 1853, about the time that Dr. Beck abandoned his station in Du-
buque, Dr. Nathaniel Dodge brought the new system to Mount Pleasant
in Henry county, but left in 1855. being succeeded by Dr. C. P. Smith,
who maintained himself there until 1859. Among the other early
practitioners in that vicinity were Dr. C. A. Miller, who settled in Mount
Pleasant in 1858 and left in 1861 ; Dr. C. A. Ritcher, who later removed to
Florida ; Dr. F. C. Pitcher, of whose coming and going little is known ; Dr.
Clement Pearson, who began practice in 1850 in Wellsville, Ohio, removed to
Iowa in 1857, to Washington, D. C, in 1874, and died there January 29,
1886; Dr. John Peter Connelly, born in Ireland, came to America in 1833,
taught school in Ohio and studied homoeopathy at the same time, secured
a supply of medicines and began practice about 1840, and located himself
in Tuscarawas county in 1863.
Dr. Wilmot Horton Dickinson located in Des Moines in 1858. He had
graduated from the Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine in Cleveland
in that year. He studied medicine with Dr. Hunter of Louisville, Ky., and
with Dr. Jones of Penfield, Ga. Dr. Dickinson became one of the leading
physicians of the homoeopathic school in Iowa. He died October 26, 1898.
Drs. W. B. Hartwell, E. W. (larberich, A. O. Hunter. S. S. Hersey, C. W.
Eaton, Mrs. E. F. D. Fletcher, H. Matter and R. M. Stone were among the
other early practitioners in Des Moines. In 1876 there were but seven
homoeopathists there; m 1904, twenty-seven.
The pioneer practitioner in Clinton county was Dr. Mortimer Marston,
who located in Clinton in 186^. Dr. Marston had studied with Dr. Wag-
goner of DeWitt. and attended lectures in Keokuk. He established a large
1 1 [STORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 387
practice in Clinton, and died March 21, 1868. Dr. C. H. Cogswell, Mrs.
Cogswell. Drs. E. H. King, S. P. Yeomans and Mrs. Dr. Yeomans also prac-
ticed in Clinton.
In 1856 Dr. Edward Angustus Guilbert located in Dubuque. He had
graduated from the Rush Medical College of Chicago in 1847, ^"d com-
menced practice in Ottawa, Illinois, going from there to Waukegan, where
he remained until 1852. During this time he experimented with and con-
vinced himself of the truth of homoeopathy and adopted it in his practice.
In 1856 he removed to Dubuque, where he has since lived. He has been one
of the most prominent physicians in the state and has taken an earnest inter-
est in the contests for legislative rights and other advancement of the cause
of homceopathy. In 1876 he published one volume of the " Northwestern
Annalist," a popular paper devoted to the championship of homoeopathy in
the fight that raged at that time for the introduction of homoeopathy into the
Iowa state university.
Dr. Robert Louis Hill was a student of Dr. Guilbert and in 1864, after
graduating from the Rush Medical College of Chicago, became junior part-
ner with his preceptor. In 1867 he removed to Illinois.
About 1857 1^^- Edward C. Franklin returned from California and prac-
ticed for a short time in Dubuque after he became a convert to homceopathy.
He went to St. Louis in 1857. Drs. S. H. Guilbert, E. R. Jackson. S. Mills
Fowler and R. S. Gee were early practitioners in Dubuque.
As early as 1857 there were four homoeopathic practitioners in Daven-
port, Drs. Gehson, C. Haight, W. S. Minier and H. E. Stone.
Dr. Savina L. Williams, who had been a practitioner of homoeopathy in
Ohio since 1856, located in Clarence, Cedar county, in 1869. Her husband,
Dr. Isaiah Williams, was also a practitioner.
In 1865 Dr. S. A. Merrill commenced the practice of homceopathy in
Council Blufifs. At the beginning of the war he accepted a position in the
United States Military Hospital in Kansas City, which was at that time under
homoeopathic care, remained there two years, and then began practice. In
1863 Drs. W. L. Patten, W. D. Stillman and T. Jeffries were practitioners in
Council Bluff's. In 1899 "^"^ homoeopathic physicians were practicing there.
The first woman physician to settle in Iowa, and perhaps the first to
locate between <he Mississippi river and the Rocky mountains, was Dr. Maria
W. Porter, who studied medicine in Pittsburgh with Dr. J. P. Dake, and took
two courses in the Women's Medical College of Philadelphia, graduating in
1859. She then came with her family to Davenport and gained considerable
prominence by giving a course of medical lectures. Few of the people there
had heard of a woman physician and in consequence Dr. Porter had many
prejudices to overcome; not only prejudice against her sex, but the fact
that she was a homreopathist. She overcame this, however, and became one of
the leading women in the town in various charitable works. She died Sep-
tember 8. 1888.
Dr. George M. Seidlitz located in Keokuk about 1864. He received his
medical education in Europe and practiced allopathy several years, becoming
a homoeopath about 1850.
Dr. fohn W. Davis, a graduate of the medical department of the George-
town L^niversitv in Washington, D. C, became a convert to homoeopathy in
1865, and began its practice in Lansing.
Dr. Richard ■ M. James was a pioneer homoeopath in Knoxville. about
388
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1854, having been an old school practitioner ]Drevious to that time. He left
Knoxville in July, 1867.
Dr. Edward Walther was the pioneer homoeopath in Elkader, Clinton
county, in 1862. He was successful in a severe epidemic of diphtheria that
occurred at that time. He afterward vv^ent into partnership with Dr. C. D.
Williams in St. Paul, Minn.
Dr. Calvin C. Waggoner practiced in Cedar Rapids from about i860
to the time of his death in 1867,
Homoeopathic physicians in Iowa previous to 1870. The date preceding
the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homceopathy.
The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some other
school; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine before
the date given.
1862 Austin, p. A. X Muscatine 1867
1870 Baker, R. F. x Davenport 1867
1869 Bancroft, Augustine A. Burlington 1870
1857 Barthol, Dr. x Guttenburgh 1857
1853 Blakesley, James M. Iowa City 1865
1862 Blanding, A. O. x Lyons 1863
1862 Brown, J. Emory x E. Mitchell 1858
1870 Brewer, E. x Independence 1857
1858 Burt, William H. Lyons 1870
1857 Chase, H. C. x Yankee Settlement 1862
1866 Cogswell, C. H. Clinton 1857
1840 Connelly, Peter J. Des Moines 1870
1858 Dickinson, Wilmot H- Des Moines 1857
1853 Dodge, Nathaniel Mount Pleasant 1850
1865 Davis, John W. * Lansing 1870
1862 Ehinger, G.' E. x Franklin Centre 1870
1870 Fintel, P. C. x Blue Grass 1870
1870 Fletcher, L H. x Toledo 1857
1856 Franklin, Edward C. * Dubuque 1857
1857 Gehson, Dr. x Davenport 1870
1870 Greene, S. W. x Manchester 1870
1852 Guilbert, Edward A. * Dubuque 1862
1857 Guilbert, S. H. Dubuque 1850
1857 Haight, C. X Davenport 1870
1852 Hatch, Philo L. Dubuque 1857
1857 Hindman, David R. Marion 1855
1864 Hill, Robert Louis, Dubuque 1870
1857 Holcomb, Dr. x Keokuk 1857
1857 Hollingsworth, Dr. x Keokuk 1870
1862 Hummer, J. N. x Keokuk 1870
1869 Hunter, A. O. x Des Moines 1862
1869 Hillis, L. X Winterset i860
1869 Holt, L. E. B. X Marshalltown 1870
1857 Jaeger, C. A. x Guttenburgh 1862
1862 Jackson, E. x Epworth 1856
1854 James, Richard M. * Knoxville i860
King. Edward H. Clinton
King, John E. Fairfield
Kludge, Albert x Elkport
Lillis, W- B. X Dubuque
Marston, Mortimer D. Clinton
Merrill, S. A. * Council Bluffs
Miller, A. x Mount Pleasant
Minier, W. S. x Davenport
Olney, S. B. x Fort Dodge
Palmer, N. H. x St. Charles City
Patchen, U. R. Burlington
Patchen, G. H. x Burlington
Paine, E. R- x Burlington
Pearson, Clement Mount Pleasant
Porter, Mrs. M. W. x Davenport
Pitcher, A. C. x Mount Pleasant
Pitcher, F. C. x Mount Pleasant
Potts, O. G. X Keokuk
Proweli, J. M. x Keokuk
Poulson, P. W. X Council Bluffs
Russell, W. C. X Calamus
Rust, J. D. X Floyd
Seidlitz, George M. * Keokuk
Stanley, George M. x Cedar Rapids
Skiles, Dr. x Iowa City
Smith, C. P. X Mount Pleasant .
Starr, C. x Iowa City
Stone, G. E. x Davenport
Virgin, W. T. x Burlington
Waggoner, M. R. x DeWitt
Waggoner, G. J. x Maquokcta
Waggoner, Calvin C. Cedfir Rapids
Whitlock, F. W- X Farmington
Worley. P. H. x Davenport
Williams, Savina L. * Waterloo
Walther. Edward Elkader
IIISTOKV OF H0^ra•:01'ATHY :}89
CHAPTER XXXIII
HOMOEOPATHY IN MINNESOTA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Relations of Civil and Hom(sopathic History in Minnesota— Planting Hahnemann's
System in the State — Societies and Hospitals — Reminiscences of Early Practitioners.
History records the discovery of the Falls of St. Anthony in 1680, the
cession of the territory by France to Great Britain and the final extinction
of the French dominion in America in 1763, and the acquisition of the same
territory by the United States under the treaty with Great Britain in 1783.
The Territory of Minnesota was organized by congress March 3, 1849, ^""^l
on May 11, 1858, became a state of the federal union. In 1852, three years
after the creation of the territorial jurisdiction, one Dr. Sperry carried the
gospel of Hahnemann into the region of St. Paul, and before statehood was
established several other homoeopathic physicians were promulgating the
same doctrine in the territory.
From this humble beginning homoeopathy has grown in ^linnesota until
the state is reckoned among the foremost states of the union in fostering
and advancing the teachings of the system, giving encouragement to its repre-
sentatives, and teaching its principles to whomsoever may apply at the doors
of the university with the equipment of proficiency. The establishment of a
homoeopathic department in the university was not difficulty of accomplish-
ment, yet required earnest and well directed effort ; and once installed as a
part of institutional life it proved its usefulness in the wide field of medical
education. There were in the state in 1857 four homoeopathic practitioners;
seventy in 1877; one hundred and eleven in 1881 ; and one hundred and
eighty-eight in 1904.
Again, Minnesota is one of the few states that have ptiblic hospitals,
sometimes referred to as insane asylums, under exclusive homoeopathic med-
ical supervision. The state hospital at Furgus Flails was opened Jttly 29. 1890,
with Dr. Alonzo Potter Williamson as medical superintendent, and Dr. A.
S. Dolan, first assistant physician. Dr. Williamson resigned his office in 1892
and was succeeded bv Dr. George O. Welch, the present superintendent.
Among the early notable characters in promoting the interests of the
homoeopathic svstem in Minnesota was one who was not of the profession in
practice as a means of livelihood, yet was an important part of it in that he
gave his services for the welfare of suffering humanity. Rev. Father Clemens
Statib was an authorized practitioner of medicine, and also was the faithful
head of the Church of the Assumption (German Catholic) of St. Paul, which
citv and its locality constituted the field of his activities for many years. He
practiced inedicine as he served his church — without accepting fees for his
services ; and whatsoever was given him as a gratuity was devoted to the
work of his mission. " Father Clemens " died in 1886.
The homoepathic profession of Minnesota was early in the fi'^ld with
the work of organization, both in the forination of societies and hospital asso-
390 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
ciations, and in this respect the state is as well supplied with institutions as
any in the northwest. Of some of the more prominent of these a brief notice
in this place is proper.
MINNESOTA STATE HOMOEOPATHIC INSTITUTE.
The foundation of the state homoeopathic medical society was laid at a
meeting of three physicians — Huntington, Boyd and Williams — in St. Paul
late in the winter of 1867, and at a formal gathering of the physicians of the
state on February 13 of that year the organization was perfected, with these
officers : Dr. William A. Penniman of IXlinneapolis, president ; Dr. E. Cooley
of Faribault, vice-president ; Dr. T. R. Huntington of Minneapolis, corre-
sponding secretary ; Dr. H. Wedelstaedt of. St. Paul, recording secretary.
Since that time the institute has maintained an active, healthful existence and
has accomplished much good as the conservator of homoeopathic life and
practice in the state. The Southern Minnesota Homoeopathic Medical So-
ciety was organized in October, 1871, but later was merged in the state
society.
The Homoeopathic Hospital of Minneapolis had its foundation in a pro-
vision in the last will of Dr. William A. Penniman, who died in 1872 and
bequeathed the sum of $30,000 to be used in establishing a homoeopathic hos-
pital in the city. Under the plan of organization adopted by the corporation
created to carry out the purposes of the testator, the institution was given
the name of Penniman Hospital of Minneapolis, but after much of the pre-
liminary work had been done the project failed through a technical irregu-
larity in the will, which left the hospital association without funds. How-
ever, steps were at once taken to create a new fiuid through other sources,
and in January, 1883, a homoeopathic hospital was opened under the patron-
age of the Hahnemann Ward Association. It was continued until 1896.
The Maternity Hospital, Minneapolis, was incorporated July 29, 1887,
although the institution itself had been founded and opened in November of
the preceding year. It still exists and is supported by pay patients and volun-
tary contributions. It always has been strictly homoeopathic in medical super-
vision.
The St. Paul Homoeopathic Hospital was incorporated in January, 1887,
and waft opened August 15 following. The present hospital building was
erected and the nurses' training school established in 1889.
REMINISCENCES.
The honor of having been the pioneer of homoeopathy in the state is
due to Dr. Sperry, who has been mentioned, and Dr. Z. B. Nichols, both of
whom are said to have located in St. Paul in 1852; but the stay of the
former was short, while the latter remained and became an important figure
in professional circles, especially as physician to the asylum for deaf, mute
and blind in Faribault, of which institution he was the efficient medical head
for seventeen years. Later on he removed to Portland, Oregon.
Dr. George T. Hatfield settled in St. Paul in 1854, and remained there
until 1859, when he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio. While in St. Paul he pub-
lished the " Minnesota Homoeopath," a bi-monthly journal started in 1854. In
the same year Dr. E. A. Boyd came from Maine, practiced for a time in St.
Paul, and then located in a little settlement five miles north, known as Little
Canada. In 1855 Dr. H. Wedelstaedt opened an office in the town, and in
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
391
the same year Dr. John C. Merrill, a nephew of Dr. Boyd, located in St. Paul,
but after about two years returned to the east. Dr. T. C. Bunting came in
1856, and remained two years.
Dr. Dunham located in St. Paul in 1857. He was a native of New
York, and at the end of two years returned to that city. In 1859 Drs. T. C.
Schell of New York and William C. Caine of Ohio, located in the city. In
i86i Dr. Charles D. Williams removed from Qeveland, Ohio, to St. Paul,
where he became a partner with Dr. Caine. Dr. Williams had practiced in
New York state and later in Cleveland, and was interested in the homoe-
opathic college of that city. He died May 7, 1882.
Dr. Edward Walther, who had been in practice in Elkader, Iowa, located
Wm. H. Leonard, M. D.
in St. Paul about 1865, and became partner with Dr. Williams. In 1867 Dr.
James T. Alley located in the city. He was a former New York practitioner,
and came to Minnesota on account of his health. He died September 17,
1878. In 1857 there were three homoeopathic physicians in St. Paul; in 1875,
nine; in 1880, eleven; in 1896, thirty-six; and in 1904, twenty-nine.
The pioneer homoeopath in Minneapolis was Dr. Philo L. Hatch, who had
practiced in Dubuque from 1852 to May, 1858, when he removed to Minne-
apolis. Dr. Hatch has been for many years a student of natural sciences, and
also a member of various societies of natural history. For thirteen years he
was state ornithologist, and for several years has been connected with the
homoeopathic department of the University of Minnesota.
392 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
In 1859 Dr. William Huntington Leonard announced his belief in
homoeopathy. He had practiced allopathy in Orangeville, Wyoming county,
New York, from 1853 to 1855, then went to Minneapolis and continued prac-
tice according to the old school four years more. He entered the army as
assistant surgeon, and later became surgeon of the Fifth regiment, Minne-
sota volunteers, serving three years. He was associated with Thomas Gardner
under the firm name of W^ H. Leonard & Co.. operating the first drug store
in Minneapolis. In March, 1903, Dr. Leonard celebrated his fiftieth anni-
versary as a physician, at which time physicians of both schools extended
hcartv congratulations.
in 1856 Dr. William Penniman, who had been in practice in Pittsburgh,
Pa., came to Minnesota, locating in St. Anthony, but two years later removed
to Minneapolis, where he practiced until 1870, when he retired from active
life. He was a graduate of the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, and
practiced allopathy until 1849, when he became a homoeopathist. He be-
queatlied to his adopted city thirty thousand dollars for a homoeopathic hos-
pital, and ten thousand dollars for a chair of homoeopathy in the University
of Minnesota. He died in Elizabeth, Pa., in 1872.
Dr. T. Romayn Huntington located in Minneapolis in 1867. He was a
graduate of Jefiferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 185 1, and adopted
homa-opathy the next year. He had previously practiced in Kalamazoo,
Michigan. He died in March, 1873.
Dr. D. M. Goodwin from Vermont, located in St. Anthony in 1867. In
1868 Dr. Julius Nelson DeWitt, who had an extensive practice in St. Louis,
removed to Minneapolis on account of his health, remained two years, and
then returned to Illinois, his home, where he diied in 1870. In 1870 Dr.
Otis M. Humphrey from Boston, located in Minneapolis, and in i88r Dr.
Henrv W. Brazie settled in that city, having previously practiced in Ypsilanti,
Michigan. He was a graduate of the Western Homoeopathic Medical College
of Cleveland in 1870. Dr. Henr}- C. Aldrich graduated from the Hahnemann
Medical College of Philadelphia in 1881, practiced for a few years in Iowa, and
located in Minneapolis in 1887. Dr. Arthur .\. Camp located there in 1878.
He graduated from the New York Homoeopathic Medical College in 1878. In
1859 there was but one homoeopathic practitioner in ]\Iinneapolis ; in 1877,
eight; in 1881, twenty-four; in 1896, sixty-two; in 1904, fifty-eight.
As early as 1856 Dr. John N. Wheat located in Austin, Mower county,
where he remained many years. He was a graduate of the Western College
of Homoeopathic Medicine in 18^2. In 1899 there were five homrcnpathic
]5ractitioners in Austin.
Dr. A. G. Dornberg, formerlv of Pennsylvania, settled in Mankato in
1858, and in 1865 Dr. A. L. Dornberg, his son, also commenced the ])ractice
of homoeopathy in that place. The town now supports four homneo])athic phy-
sicians.
Dr, Charles S. Weber located in St. Cloud in 1862, and carried on a
pharmacy in connection with his practice. He died in 1881. Dr. A. Ilageman
was in practice in St. Cloud in 1867. Later Dr. James H. Beatty occupied
that field.
Dr. Edwin C. Cross located in Rochester in 1857. He had graduated
from the Woodstock Medical College, Vermont, .'ind in 1846 commenced the
practice of allopathy in Levden. Mass. From 1850 to 1857 he practiced in
TJrattleboro, X'ermont, and while there adopted the honuTeopathic system.
ins TORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
y/J-6
During the civil war he served as surgeon of the provost board for the first
congressional district of Minnesota.
Dr. Qiarles Isaac F'arley graduated from the medical college of the Uni-
versity of Vermont in 1859, and after practicing in Xew York state attended
lectures at the Xew Y'ork Homoeopathic Medical College. He resumed prac-
tice in Malone. X. Y., in the spring of 1862, and came to Minnesota in
August of the same year. He arrived there just before the terrible massacre
of whites by the Indians and took part in several of the battles ; he served in
the Second ^vlinnesota cavalry. In the fall of 1864 he went to Fort Wads-
worth, Dakota, remaining there eighteen months as surgeon. In 1866 he was
mustered out and then practiced in Winnebago City, Faribault county, remain-
ing there until 1867, when he returned to Xew York state.
Dr. D. B. Haslam settled in Chatfield, Fillmore county, in 1866. He had
been assistant to a physician with a large practice in England, but had be-
come disgusted with allopathy and gave up his position. He investigated
homoeopathy and began its practice in 1847.
Dr. M. L. Casselberry settled in Winona and practiced there previous
to 1857. Dr. Thomas Adams Peirce located there in 1863. He was a gradu-
ate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1850. had prac-
ticed in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., and in Waukegan, Illinois, and in 1862 or 1863
located in W^inona, where he made his permanent home.
Dr. Simon P. Starrett located in Anoka in 1880 and succeeded in build-
ing up a good practice, but was stricken and died January 3, 1883.
Dr. George Henry Hawes graduated from the Hahnemann Medical Col-
lege of Qiicago in 1876 and located in Hastings. Dakota countv. where he
practiced until his death. April 27, 1892.
Dr. Alfred P. Skeels located in Xorthfield in 1869. For three vears he
had a large practice, but died in 1872 of pulmonarv trouble.
Homoeopathic physicians in Minnesota previous to 1870. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character '■' indicates that the practitioner originally was of some
other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine
before the date given.
855 Alley, James T, * St. Paul
869 Allen, Wilson A. Rochester
866 Beach, Dr. x Faribault
866 Berlin, T. N. x Farmington
865 Beckwith. Edmund Rochester
869 Bell. J. S. X Rochester
869 Bird, O. X Duluth
854 Boyd, E. A. x St. Paul
871 Brazie, Henrj' \V. ^Minneapolis
855 Bunting. Thomas C. St. Paul
'852 Caine. William C. * St. Paul
868 Canney, F. E. J. x Lake City
857 Casselberry. 'SI. L. x Winona
868 Chapman. F. D. x St. Paul
866 Cooley, Edson x Faribault
855 Cross, Edwin C. * Rochester
867 DeWitt. Julius X. ?^Iinneapolis
857 Dornberg. A. G. x Mankato
86t Dornberg, A. L. Mankato
Ss7 Dunham, Dr. St. Paul
i860 Farley, Charles I. Winnebago City
1855 French, D. S. Shakopee
1870 Goodwin, D. M. c Minneapolis
1863 Gilchrist. James G. Owatonna
1867 Hall. John B. x Shakopee
1852 Hatch. Philo L. :\IinneapoIis
1853 Hadfield. George T. St. Paul
1867 Hageman, A. x St. Cloud
1847 Haslam, D. B. * Chatfield
1869 Hor?t, John x
T865 Higbee, C G. St. Paul
1852 Huntington', T. R. * Minneapolis
1870 Humphrey, Otis JNI. Minneapolis
1859 Leonard. W. H. * Minneapolis
1870 Lathrop. E. x Northfield
1854 ^ilerrill. John C. x St. Paul
1863 ^Messenger. Dr. x Owatonna
1850 Nichols, E. B. Faribault
1849 Penniman, William A. * ]\Iinneapolis
1850 Peirce, Thomas A. Winona
394
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1867 Righter. C. C. x Hastings 1867
1863 Staub, Rev. Clemens St. Paul 1855
1859 Schell. Thomas C. x St. Paul 1867
1867 Skeels, Alfred P. Northfield 1867
1852 Sperry, Dr. x St. Paul 1866
1870 Store, Robert St. Paul 1866
1870 Timmons, I. W. Houston 1867
1862 Walther, Edward St. Paul 1852
1866 Warner, Edward S. x 1840
Wakefield, Dr. x Monticello
Wedelstaedt, H. St. Paul
Weber, Charles S. St. Cloud
Weigman, Carl x St- Paul
Westfall, J. M. x Rochester
Whittemore, J. G. x Glenwood
Whiteman, Russell x Anoka
Wheat, John N. Rochester
Williams, Charles D. * St. Paul
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 395
CHAPTER XXXIV
HOMOEOPATHY IX MISSISSIPPI.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
The Planting nf Homa;opathy in Mississippi by Dr. Davis — His Early Experiences —
Growth of Hahnemann's System of Medicine in the State — The State Medical
Society — Reminiscences and List of Early Practitioners.
HomcEopathy was introduced in Mississippi about 1847 by Dr. Augustus
Frederick Davis, a native of Kentucky, born in Washington, Mason county,
in 1802. He graduated from Transylvania University in 1824. and began
practice in Augusta, remaining there nine years. In 1833 he settled for prac-
tice in Natchez, but having soon bec<?me disgusted with the old school meth-
ods, he dropped it, went to Cincinnati in 1846, and under the guidance of Dr.
Pulte took up the study of homoeopathy. In 1847 he returned to Natchez,
where he soon established a large practice according to the law of similars.
Such was the beginning of homoeopathy in this state, and from it the later
growth of the school here has developed. At no time, however, has the num-
ber of its practitioners exceeded eleven, in 1878, and in 1904 there were only
four homoeopathic physicians w^ithin the borders of Mississippi. But, not-
withstanding the lack of numerical strength a state medical society was
formed in 1889, under the name of the State Homoeopathic Medical So-
ciety of Mississippi, and incorporated during the same year. Its constituent
members were Drs. Eugene A. Guilbert. H. J. Coleman, J. C. French, A. O.
Hardenstein, B. D. Chase, H. P. Cook, H. Bewlay and Jesse R. Jones, which
represented about the strength of the profession in the state at that time.
As near as can be determined, the earliest homoeopaths in the state were
Dr. Davis, the pioneer, in Natchez ; Dr. Brown in Jackson ; Dr. W. C. Wren
in Woodville ; Dr. J. B. Smith in Camden ; Dr. F. K. Hammond in Aber-
deen ; Dr. H. J. Colem.an in Rodney ; and Drs. Fegarden and W. J. Gibson
in Fayette.
In relating his early experiences both as an allopath and as a homoe-
opath, Dr. Davis said: "I landed here (Natchez) on the third of May,
1833. Cholera was prevailing as an epidemic. Having had some experience
in the treatment of it in Kentucky I was better prepared to meet it than were
the resident phvsicians. My success was such that in less than a year I had
a large and lucrative practice. In 1837 we had yellow fever as an epidemic
and I was taken down with it in September. I took a little calomel and
quinine for two days, then abandoned medicines and let nature, untram-
meled, do her own work. In a few days I was convalescent. Although I
continued practice my faith in drugging was terribly shaken. In 1846 T had
abandoned old school teachings and after a careful examination of the homoe-
opathic system, I adopted it and announced to the public that I would treat
diseases to the best of my ability in accordance with the homoeopathic law.
I was the first physician located in the lower valley of the Mississippi that
proposed practicing homoeopathy, with the exception of one in New Orleans,
306 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
who died after a few months' residence. In 1853 Dr. WilHam H. Holcombe
came to my neighborhood to take charge of the family of Mr. Marshall, a
large planter. He was stricken down with yellow fever and after his recov-
ery his wife had the disease. I took them to my home, and afterward asso-
ciated the doctor with me in practice." Dr. Davis died in Natchez, January
12, 1885.
The second of the pioneers of homoeopathy in the state was Dr. Wil-
liam Henry Holcombe, who went to Natchez in 1852 and became Dr. Davis's
partner. He removed from the state in 1855.
So strong was the confidence of the people in the skill of Drs. Davis
and Holcombe that in 1854 they were appointed physicians and surgeons to
the Mississippi State Hospital at Natchez, which was a large and well en-
dowed institution. This is said to be the first hospital in the United States
that passed from allopathic to homoeopathic control. Dr. Kirby in an edi-
torial at the time said that the trustees felt justified in the act by the success-
ful treatment of yellow fever by the new school of medicine.
Another early practitioner in Natchez was Dr. Walter Stewart. He
probably located there as early as 1855. He died in Natchez is 1863, at the
age of forty-one years. Another homoeopathic practitioner in the city pre-
vious to i860 was Dr. J. Foster.
Dr. Martin Gilman introduced homoeopathy in Port Gibson as early as
1853. He graduated from the New York University in the spring of 1846,
and began practice is Jefferson county. New York. In 1848 his cousin. Dr.
John Gilman, then practicing homoeopathy in Columbus, Ohio, urged Dr.
Martin to visit him and to investigate the new system of healing. He went,
and became convinced. In 1849 ^''^ located in Lexington and accepted the
chair of chemistry is the Memphis Medical Institute, and later held the chair
of obstetrics. In the spring of 1853 ^^^ located in Port Gibson, where his
success in the treatment of yellow fever won for him a distinguished repu-
tation. He removed to Vicksburg in 1859.
In 1858 Dr. A. O. H. Hardenstein, who had been for several years an
extensive traveler, located in A'icksburg, introducing homoeopathy in that part
of the state. He was a native of Greece, but was educated in Germany, re-
ceiving his medical diploma at the University of Berlin. In 1828 his duties
took him into Russia to study the treatment of cholera, and an investigation
of allopathy as applied to- this disease 'proved that more than seventy-five per
cent of the cases proved fatal. While in Russia he was led to investigate
homcEopathy by observing the cures wrought by the wife of a missionary, who
had been a pupil of Halinemann. On his return to Prussia he also became a
student of Hahnemann and adopted his system. In 1836 he settled in New
Orleans; in 1840 went to Kentucky, and in 1849 to California. He practiced
manv years in Vicksburg. and died in that city, October 15, 1880.
Homoeopathic physicians in Mississi])pi ])revious to 1870. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of
some other school ; the character x indicates that the ]:)hysican practiced
medicine before the date given.
1857 Brown. Dr. x Jackson 1847 Davis, Frederick A. * Natchez
1870 Chase, B. D. x Natchez 1857 Fegarden, Dr. x Fayette
1870 Coleman, H. J. x Rodney 1857 Foster, J. x Natchez
HISTORY OF HOAKEOPATHY
397
1857 Gibson, W. J. x Fayette
1849 Gilman, Martin * Port Gibson
1857 Harper. T. J. x Vicksburg
1830 Hardenstein, A. O. H. * Vicksburg
1870 Hammond, F. K. x Aberdeen
1851 Holcombe, William H. * Natchez
1857 Smith, J. B. x Camden
1857 Stewart, Walter x Natchez
.... Stewart. A. P.
1870 Wren, W. C. x Woodville
398 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XXXV
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEBRASKA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Homoeopathy Introduced in Omaha in 1862 — Wright, the Pioneer — Drs. Way and Hem-
ingway in Nebraska City — The State Homoeopathic Medical Society — Gradual
Growth of the System in Nebraska — Reminiscences of Early Practitioners.
Nebraska makes no claim to pioneership in the field of homoeopathic
medical practice. In 1862, while the state was still a territory, Dr. Augus-
tus S. Wright left his former home in Indiana and took up his abode in
Omaha — the Omaha of two score years ago and not the modern city of the
twentieth century which men have built on the site of the town of which, in
1869, Saxe wrote :
" Hast ever heard of Omaha
Where rolls the dark Missouri down.
And four strong horses scarce can draw
An emipty wagon through the town?
Where sand is blown from every mound
To fill our eyes and ears and throat,
Where all the teamsters are aground
And all the shanties are afloat?"
This Dr. Wright, the homoeopathic tidings-bearer before mentioned, was
the only practitioner of his school in the state until 1866, when Drs. Way
and Hemingway, who were partners, established themselves in Nebraska
City and gave their system a foothold in that vicinity. During the next ten
or twelve years several other practitioners settled in various parts of the
state, some in the more populous centers and others in the less thickly in-
habited districts, until in 1878 there were eighteen physicians of the school
in the state. Three years later the number had increased to forty, and in
1885 to one hundred and nineteen; in 1893 to one hundred and thirty-nine,
and in 1904 the number in the whole state was one hundred and twenty-five.
But notwithstanding the moderate early growth of the homoeopathic school in
the region under consideration, the few practitioners held a general meeting
in September, 1873. and organized the Nebraska State Homoeopathic Medi-
cal Society, then known, however, as the Nebraska State Homoeopathic Medi-
cal Association, and with these first officers : Dr. E. M. T. Hurlbut of Lin-
coln, president ; Dr. C. S. Wright of Omaha and Dr. J- H. Way of Nebraska
City, vice-presidents ; Dr. Allen C. Cowperthwaite of Nebraska City, secretary ;
Dr.' J. L. Bumstead of Lincoln, provisional secretary ; Dr. O. S. Woods of
Omaha, treasurer ; and Drs. Way. Burr, Casley, Lewis and Wright, censors.
About 1883 the society was incorporated and made the change in name as
above indicated. It is still in active existence and has a membership of more
than two hundred.
•HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 399
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. Wright's professional life in Omaha was not made especially pleas-
ant by the practitioners of the old school there, but their persecutions served
to bring- him new friendships and it was with reluctance that he gave up
practice on account of his health and removed to California in 1874. Dr.
Hemingway in Nebraska City died before practicing there a year, but in the
meantime Dr. A. M. Smith had come in, and was there as late as 1881.
Dr. Jacob Heald Way was a graduate of JelTerson Medical College of
Philadelphia in 1866 and practiced allopathy for a time in Nebraska City.
Later on returned to Philadelphia and took lectures in homoeopathy and then
returned to Nebraska, but failing liealth caused his removal to Pennsylvania.
He served nine months in the 124th Pennsylvania regiment, then located in
West Qiester. and finallv went to Arizona, where he died September 3,
1887.
Dr. William H. H. Sisson was in service during the early part of the
civil war, and graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Penn-
sylvania in 1863. He practiced in New Bedford and Falmouth, Mass.,
about two years, and in 1868 went to Omaha and identified himself with that
growing city. He lived there until his death, January 25, 1873.
Dr. Orlando S. Wood located in Omaha in the summer of 1868. After
educating himself in Pennsylvania, he began the study of homoeopathy in
the spring of 1857, graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania in i860, and commenced practice in Phoenixville, Pa. In 1861
he took the practice of Dr. R. R. Gregg at Canandaigua, N. Y., remaining
there five years. Ill health then compelled him to sell, when he went to
Philadelphia, graduated again from the Homoeopathic Medical College of
Penns)'lvania in 1868, and in June of the same year started for Omaha. He
practiced in the state many years and slso identified himself with its homoe-
opathic institutions and progress.
Drs. Marsden and William J. Ehrhart. partners, located in Omaha in
1869. The partnership, however, was soon dissolved, and Dr. Ehrhart went
to Fremont. Dr. Marsden the next spring returned to New Jersey. Dr.
Ehrhart was a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsyl-
vania in 1864.
In 1871 Dr. F. Saxenburger located at Omaha, remaining there until 1874.
when he left the state. Dr. Emlin Lewis entered the office of Dr. Sisson in
1870. He had been a school teacher, a.nd his first impressions of homoe-
opathy were received through a copy of Pulte's " Domestic Physician." He
graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago in 1872, located
in Papillion and later removed to Omaha, taking the practice of Dr. Sisson,
who had just died.
In the summer of 1872 Dr. G. D. Streeter reached Omaha and became
a partner with Dr. J. H. W^ay. In October, 1872, Dr. Eugene F. Hoyt set-
tled in Omaha and became partner wi^ Dr. O. S. Wood, but in the next year
removed to New York city. Other early homoeopathic practitioners who
located in Omaha were Dr. James M. Borghem, 1874; Dr. H. C. Jessen and
Dr. H. A. Worlev. 1875; Dr. C. M. Dinsmoor, 1875; Dr. John Ahmanson,
1879; and Dr. Willis B. Giflford and Dr. C. S. Hart. 1880.
In 1869 Dr. W. A. Burr located in Lincoln, then a city two years old.
In 1875 ill health compelled him to go farther west.
400 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
In January, 1872, Dr. L. J. Bumstead joined Dr. Burr in Lincoln,
where he practiced for many years. Dr. Edwin Taft Monroe Hurlburt, who
graduated from an allopathic college in Buffalo in 1867, soon afterward
adopted the homoeopathic system and located in Lincoln in 1873.
Dr. L. Walker settled in Seward in 1867. He had a large country prac-
tice. Dr. Frederick Churchill located at Grand Island in the summer of
1872. In 1875 he went to California. Dr. D. H. W. Carley settled in Pal-
myra in 1 87 1.
Dr. Allen C. Cowperthwaite graduated from the Homoeopathic Medi-
cal College of Pennsylvania in 1869, practiced for a time in Illinois, and
in 1873 located at Nebraska City and became a partner with Drs. Way and
Streeter. Dr. Streeter soon withdrew from the firm and went to Quincy,
Illinois. A few months later Dr. Way gave up practice and Dr. Cowperth-
waite was left alone.
Dr. S. C. Case located at Syracuse in 1874. Dr. Ira Walker La Mun-
yon located at North Platte in 1871. Dr. La Munyon had been a railroad
engineer, and government surveyor of public lands. His studies were geol-
ogy, botany and natural history. In 1859 he became a convert to homoe-
opathy through Dr. B. S. Hill of Ohio. On locating in Nebraska he
engaged in surveying, but having recovered his health, he bought a news-
paper and, in company with Mr. Peake, became its editor.
Dr. John Elisha Smith went to Guide Rock about 1873. He was a grad-
uate in 1856 of the Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine at Cleveland,
had practiced in Michigan, served in the army, and by ill health was com-
pelled to seek the climate of Nebraska. Mrs. F. , R. H. Reid went to Ne-
braska City when only four homoeopathic doctors were there.
Dr. Henry Haseler met his death at Belleview about 1856, while intro-
ducing the practice there. He was a son of Dr. Charles Haeseler of Potts-
ville, Pensylvania.
Dr. Lucv Robinson settled in Lincoln in 1875. In March of that year
Dr. W. J. Ehrhart returned to Omaha from Fremont, but soon went to the
east. In 1875 Dr. Hullhorst located at Headland.
Homoeopathic physicians in Nebraska previous to 1880. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of
some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
1879 Ahmanson, John x Omaha ~ 1855 Haeseler, Henry x Belleview
1868 Burr, W. A. x Lincoln t866 Hemingway, Dr. x Nebraska City
1872 Bumstead. Lucius J. Lincoln 1870 Hoyt, Eugene F. Omaha
1874 Borgham, James M. Fremont 1S67 Hurlburt, Edwin T. M. * Lincoln
i8$5 P)untmg, Thomas C. 1875 Hullhorst, F. x Headland
1878 Brewer, S. H. x Columbus 1877 Huss, George x Sutton
1874 Case, S. C. x Syracuse 1878 Jessen, H. C. Omaha
1870 Carley, D. H. W. x Palmyra 1878 Johnson, Mrs. J. C. x Nebraska City
1878 Chubbuck. C. K. x Tecumseh "1878 Jefferies, Dr. x Guide Rock
1872 Churchill. Frederick x Grand Lsland 1872 Lewis, Emlin Omaha
1869 Cowperthwaite, Allen C. Nebraska 1869 Marsden, Dr. x Omaha
City 1859 LaMunyon, Ira W. North Platte
1878 Davies, H. B. x Nebraska City 1877 Paine, Bartlett * Lincoln
1864 Ehrhart, William J. Omaha Reid, Mrs. F. R. H. Nebraska City
1874 Dinsmoor, C. M. x Omaha Reid, H. A. Nebraska City
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 401
1875 Robinson, Lucy A. Lincoln ' 1878 Starr, C. x Nebraska City
1870 Saxenburger, F. x Omaha 1872 Way, Jacob H. * Nebraska City
1878 Schildknecht, D. x Plattsmouth 1867 Walker, L. x Seward
1878 Smith, A. M. x Nebraska City i860 Wood, Orlando S. Omaha
1856 Smith, John E. Guide Rock 1873 Worley, H. A. Omaha
1863 Sisson, William H. H. Omaha 1850 Wright, Augustus S. Omaha
1872 Streeter, G. D. x Nebraska City
402 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XXXVI
HOMCEOPATHY IN WEST VIRGINIA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
A Brief Chapter of Reminiscences — Dr. Alfred Hughes and His Sister — List of Practi-
tioners in the State.
The introduction of homoeopathy in West Virginia antedates the sepa-
rate organization of the state itself. West Virginia, the western portion of
the old state of Virginia, was made an independent state in 1863. This is
the part of the old dominion west of the Cumberland mountains and in the
valley of the Monongahela river. Homoeopathy was introduced in this val-
ley as early as 1848, and in two places at the same time; in Wheeling by Dr.
Alfred Hughes and his sister, Eliza Hughes, and in Fairmount by the Rev.
William Hunter.
Dr. W. L. Morgan, writing in 1904, said : " My native home was near
Fairmount, West Virginia. My father's house was a home for itinerant
preachers and politicians. I had never heard of homoeopathy till about the
year 1848 when tlie Rev. William Hunter, a Methodist presiding elder, came
into the district. He was a man of learning and a homoeopathist. He ad-
vised me to study for a physician, so I studied at home and experimented
upon myself .and my neighbors. Dr. Hunter gave me great assistance. I often
treated a neighbor and sometimes got ' thanky ' and sometimes ' cusses ' for pay. '
In 1868 I went west and met a man whom I had treated years before and
he persuaded me to go into practice, and after long deliberation I did so,
and after a few years, to be better equipped I studied at Pulte College. I
came east on account of ill health in 1861, first to Lynchburg. Va., and then
to Baltimore. Dr. Hunter introduced homoeopathy into the valley of the
Monongahela river, and myself, Festus Pitcher of Fairmount, and Drs.
Coombs and Casselberry, of Morgantown, where his students."
Dr. W. B. McClure of Martin's Ferry wrote : " Dr. Alfred Hughes
and his sister. Miss Eliza, began in 1850. They continued practice there
imtil death. Dr. Hennig came there in 1853, and died in 1900."
Dr. Alfred Hughes must have begun practice before graduating in medi-
cine, which he did at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in
1853. He was a native of Baltimore, Md. After his graduation he located
in Wheeling and upheld the truth of homoeopathy. During the cholera
epidemic of 1854 he labored night and day. being the only homoeopathic
physician in the city. He built up a large practice in Wheeling. In 1862 he
went to Richmond, his sympathies being with the south, and practiced there
until in 1865. when he removed to BaUimore.
Dr. Eliza C. Hughes commenced the study of medicine in 1855, and
graduated at the Pennsylvania Medical College at Philadelphia in i860.
She was the first woman graduate who practiced medicine in Virginia.
Dr. E. H. Coombs was another early homoeopath in western Virginia.
He said of himself : " I was not a pupil of Dr. Pitcher of Fairmount. I
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 403
was not acquainted with him hut knew that there was such a person, and I
think he practiced homoeopathy to some extent between the years 1850 and
i860. WilHam Hunter, a Methodist preacher here in Morgantown, was the
first to introduce homoeopathy in this place, and I think it was through his
influence that Dr. Miller, my preceptor, came here (Morgantown), which
was about 1855. I do not think Dr. Hunter was an M. D., but had prob-
ably given the matter some attention. Dr. M. L. Casselberry came here
between 1850 and i860. I commenced practiced here in the spring of i860."
Dr. Melville L. Casselberry, who is still in practice, writes of the be-
ginings of homoeopathy in West Virginia : " The first man to introduce
homoeopathy in Morgantown was Mr. Hunter, a Methodist minister who
located here about 1851 or 1852. He had a chest of medicines and would
give his friends and the members of his church medicine for the headache,
colds, etc. He continued this until about 1853 or 1854, when he wrote over
to some one connected with the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsyl-
vania, asking them to send a graduate here, which they did. They induced
Dr. A. C. Miller to come here and locate, which I think was in 1854. He soon
built up a large practice and in the spring of 1855 he wrote to my preceptor
(W. A. Gardiner, M. D., of Philadelphia), then professor of anatomy in
the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, for a partner. Dr.
Gardiner induced me to come here, which I did in the spring of 1855, r^"
mained one year in partnership with Dr. A. C. Miller, when I left, but came
back in the fall of 1859 and have been here ever since. Dr. E. H. Coombs
graduated from the Homoeopathic College in 1862, located here, and in 1870
he and I entered into partnership, worked together until 1887, when Dr.
Coombs gave up the practice of medicine and was elected cashier of what is
now the Monongahela A'alley bank, with which institution he is connected,
now being president.
There was a Dr. Alfred Hughes, who practiced in Wheeling along about
1850. He attended lectures in Philadelphia and graduated the spring I did,
in 1853. He had been practicing in Wheeling prior to his graduation. He
died a few years after he graduated, and I think his sister practiced for a time
afterward. When I came here in 1855 I think there was a man in Fair-
mount by the name of Pritchard, who had a medicine chest and gave out
sugar pills, as they were called, to many of the citizens of Fairmount. Along
in 1855 or 1856 there was a Dr. Hyde located at Fairmount for a short time.
A man came there from Fayette county. Pa., who read under Dr. Bowie of
Uniontown about i860. He located at Kingwood, remained there a year,
then went to Clarksburg and later to Texas, where he died."
Dr. John W. M. Appleton, writing from Charleston, says : " Homoe-
opathy has not much of a record in this end of the state in the forty years
of my time. I cam.e to Kenawha in August, 1865, having resigned from
the army in that month. I had charge of a cannel coal mine and employed
a number of people. Called upon to practice among them, T took out a
U. S. license. None of the people had any knowledge of our system, and
the patients getting well with no medicines but spoonfuls of clear water
made some of them think it some kind of conjuring. I have never depended
on practice entirely for a livelihood, but have never entirely ceased to prac-
tice when called on. Moving to Charleston from the mine and engaging in
manufacturing, patients still come to me. and in 1882, moving to Salt Sulphur
Springs, Munroe county, West Va., I still do what I can for the country pec*
404 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
pie, and in the summer season for those of the guests at our hotels who de-
sire homoeopathic treatment. A Dr. Kirk came to Charleston in the seventies.
He did not stay long and depended more on teaching school than on medi-
cine. A Dr. Henry came, who seemed to be efficient. He stayed longer
than Dr. Kirk and then went away. Dr. George Lounsbury came down
from Coalsburg mines a number of years ago and is still here."
Dr. John D. Middleton was an early practitioner in Wheeling, locating
there as early as 1849. He was a student of Dr. F. R. McManus of Balti-
more, and graduated in 1848 from the University of Maryland. He re-
turned to Baltimore in 1851 and practiced there until his death, April 26,
1870. In 1877 Dr. S. C. Bosley was in practice in Clarksburgh; Dr. F.
Pitcher in Fairmount; Dr. R. F. Harman in Martinsburg ; Drs. Casselberry
and Coombs in Morgantown ; Dr. C. W. Jamison in Point Pleasant; and
Drs. Eliza C. Hughes, J. W. Morris, C. J. Hennig, S. A. Muhleman, C. C.
Olmstead and B. F. Turner in Wheeling.
In 1870 there were but five homoeopathic practitioners in West Vir-
ginia; thirteen in 1876; twenty-five in 1896, and thirty in 1904.
Homoeopathic physicians in West Virginia previous to 1870. The date
preceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character x indicates that the physician practiced medi-
cine before the date given.
1865 Appleton, John W. M. Kenawha 1855 Hyde, Dr. Fairmount
1853 Casselberry, Melville L. Morgan- 1848 Hunter, Rev. William Fairmount
town 1848 Middleton, John D. Wheeling
i860 Coombs, E. Hoflfman Morgantown 1853 Miller, Alexander C. Morgantown
1853 Hennig, C. J. Wheeling 1850 Morgan, W. L. Fairmount
1870 Harman, R. F. x Martinsburg 1850 Pitcher, Festus Fairmount
1848 Hughes, Alfred Wheeling i860 Turner, B. F. Wheeling
1850 Hughes, Miss Eliza Wheeling
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 405
CHAPTER XXXVH
HOMOEOPATHY IN NORTH CAROLINA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Homoeopathy Introduced in the State by Dr. Freeman — Reminiscences and List of
Other Early Practitioners in North Carolina.
The pioneer of homoeopathy in this state was Dr. WiUiam K. Free-
man, who introduced it in Wilmington in 1850. He was a native of Hert-
ford county, and graduated from the Charleston Medical School in 1847. I"
1848 he removed to Wilmington, where he practiced allopathy two years
and then publicly announced his belief in the doctrines of Hahnemann. His
action at that particular time required great moral courage; there was no
homoeopathic practitioner south of Virginia, and for twenty years he was
the only one in the whole state of North Carolina, and he had to contend
alone with the prejudices that assailed his fellows of the same faith in other
parts of the country. He passed his life in Wilmington and succeeded in
influencing public sentiment in favor of the practice which the people at
first had ridiculed. He died in Wilmington in February, 1879.
Dr. Barton Munsey was another of the early practitioners in Wilming-
ton. He was a native of New Hampshire, and while living in Manchester
became acquainted with Dr. Atwood, a homoeopathic physician in that city,
whose student he himself became. In 1846 he went to Harvard University,
and the next year applied in the New York Medical School for a course, but
Dr. Mott informed him that " he would not be allowed to graduate with
homoeopathic notions." He went to South America, introducing homoe-
opathy in Curacoa. then returned to the United States and located in Wil-
mington, where he practiced dentistry and homoeopathy. He attended the
first course of lectures at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsyl-
vania, a student of Dr. Walter Williamson, and graduated from the college
in 1850. He then returned to Wilmington. At the breaking out of the
civil war he was surgeon in the union army. In 1864 he married Mary E.
Weeks, who afterward became a homoeopathic physician, graduating from
the Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri in 1871. Dr. Munsey died
in 1888.
In 1873 Dr. Frank Hines located in Wilmington. Dr. W. E. Storm
graduated in 1877 from the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, and
soon after settled in Wilmington. The following extract from a letter writ-
ten by him in 1884 gives an idea of the condition of homoeopathy in North
Carolina at that time : "Five years ago I was the only homoeopathic doctor
in North Carolina. One year later the allopathic State Medical Association
labored — yea, girded up their loins to the conflict — to pass a bill through the
state legislature, making it punishable by fine or imprisonment for any per-
son to practice medicine in the state unless he was a member of the said aug-
ust body. Ye Gods ! with what anxiety this solitary ' Pellet ' awaited the
verdict. I could feel myself already bound with contraria lashing strong
406 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
upon the wild Mazeppa, and hear the cries of hie jacet simdlia' as they gloated
over the place ' where I had been,' But, alas, there's many a slip. The bill
did not pass and I settled down quietly to my knitting and fed my prosperity
with the flames of adversity."
"They damn, they cuss, they raise a fuss,
Keep up a perfect chatter.
They howl, they squeal, so mean they feel,
I wonder what's the matter."
As early as 1857 Dr. L. Thorne was practicing in Edonton. In 1877
Dr. Faulcon Browne was located in Vaughan ; Dr. Charles Cliff in Ashe-
ville ; Dr. J. T. Walsh in Newburn. Dr. Sylvester Burr Higgins was lo-
cated in Charlotte in 1876. He was a graduate of the University of Bogota
in 1868. About 1886 Dr. W. W. McCanless was located in Danbury.
The health giving properties of Asheville attracted the veteran. Dr.
Horatio P. .Gatchell, from Kenosha, Wis. He passed the rest of his life in
Asheville, and died March 27, 1885. In 1878 Dr. Edwin A. Gatchell lo-
cated in Asheville.
In 1857 there were but two homoeopathic practitioners in the state, and
in 1870 Dr. Freeman was the only homoeopathist there; in 1886 there were
five; in 1896, three; in 1899, six; and in 1904, eight.
Homoeopathic physicians in North Carolina previous to 1886. The date
preceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was
of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
.... Browne, Faulcon Vaughan 1846 Munsey, Barton Wilmington
.... Cliff, Charles Asheville .... McCanless, W. W. Danbury
1850 Freeman, William E. Wilmington .... Parker, Charles
1876 Gatchell, Edwin A. Asheville 1880 Pigford, E. Scott Wilmington
1850 Gatchell, Horatio P. * Asheville 1877 Storm, W. E. . Wilmington
i860 Higgins, Sylvester B. Charlotte 1857 Thorne, L. x Edonton
1873 Hines, Frank Wilmington .... Walsh, J. T. Newburn
HISTORY OF HOIMCEOPATHY 407
CHAPTER XXXVHI
HOMOEOPATHY IN COLORADO, MONTANA AND FLORIDA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Late Planting and Rapid Growth of Homoeopathy in Colorado — Ingersol, the First Prac-
titioner, and Marix, the Permanent Practitioner — State Medical Society — Homoe-
opathy in Montana begins in 1866 — Its Subsequent Growth — Meagre History on
Florida — Early Practitioners in all these States — The Florida Homoeopathic Medical
Society — Reminiscences.
HOMOEOPATHY IN COLORADO.
In 1904 there were one hundred and sixteen practitioners of homce-
pathy in Colorado; thirty years ago there were ten. In 1863 Dr. Ingersol,
the pioneer of the school in the state, located in Denver, practiced there a
short time, then left, and for the next three years there was no disciple of
Hahnemann in the region. In 1866 Dr. M. L. Scott, a Vermonter, came to
Denver, practiced two years, then returned east and left this vast field un-
occupied until 1869, when Dr. Squires came and practiced a few months and
then yielded to Dr. A. O. Blair, formerly of Qeveland, who visited Denver
in search of relief of chronic asthma. His stay, too, was short, and he was
succeeded in the spring of 1870 by Dr. Martin Marix, a German, graduate
of the University of Leipsic, a convert to homoeopathy and a practitioner of
several years' experience before taking up his residence in this state. His
biographers say that he practiced homoeopathy in Leipsic in 1852, in Buffalo,
N. Y., in 1857, later in Appleton, Wis., and came to Denver for the good of
his health, as did his predecessors, but unlike them, he remained there until
his death, January 19, 1877.
At the beginning of the twentieth century homoeopathy had a strong
liold upon the people of the state, and had earned by honest work a warm
place in their affections. This finds confirmation in the fact that in 1869
there was only one homoeopathic practitioner in the state, while in 1900 the
number was over one hundred and twenty. Again, in Colorado homoe-
opathy has not been compelled to contend against the enforced opposition of
old school practitioners, and indeed there seems to have been an exchange
of professional courtesies among the representatives of both schools which
really is refreshing and interesting. Only two or three years ago the allo-
paths tendered membership in their societies to the homoeopaths if the latter
would drop the " homoeopath " for their distinguishing titles, and in return
the disciples of Hahnemann made a similar tender to the allopaths if they
would merely investigate the principles of homoeopathy. Thus medical so-
ciety life has become an interesting part of the history of both schools in the
state.
The Colorado State Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in
Denver in June, 1881, and was reorganized in May, 1891, with these officers:
Dr. S. S. Smythe of Denver, president ; Drs. William A. Burr of Denver, and
408 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
W. C. Allen of Colorado Springs, vice-presidents; Dr. J. Wylie Anderson
of Denver, secretary; Dr. Renal Bartlett of Boulder, treasurer. The society
had a membership of sixty-four in 1903.
REMINISCENCES.
In 1870 Dr. A. Miller removed from Lowell, Mass., to Denver. The
same year Dr. S. B. Fletcher located there, having previously practiced in
Chicago. He remained in Colorado four years, returning east in June, 1875.
Denver was the only town in the territory in which there was a homoe-
opathic physician previous to 187 1. In 1872 Dr. B. A. Wheeler of Boone,
Iowa, located there. In 1873 Dr. J. M. Walker of Winchester, Illinois; Dr.
U. S. Qark of Iowa, and Dr. A. Miller of Chicago, settled in Denver. In
1875 Dr. S. T. Bowne of New York, and in 1882 Dr. William Alton Burr
came there. Dr. Burr had graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College
of Chicago in 1869, practiced in Lincoln, Nebraska, and in 1874, on account
of his health, removed to Georgetown. Later he went to Denver. While
in Georgetown he was the only advocate of homceopathy in that part of the
country. He has practiced in Denver for many years and is one of the
best known homoeopathic physicians in the state.
Dr. Eugene F. Storke, who had been for years in practice in Wiscon-
sin, went to Denver in 1891, and located there permanently. Dr. Anna E. P.
Eastman Marsh located in the city in 1879, having just graduated from the
University of Michigan. In 1880 she married Dr. Lebbeus E. Marsh and
located in Greeley. She died February 20, 1896, leaving her property to
her alma mater to found the Anna E. P. Eastman scholarship.
Dr. Charles Nelson Hart graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Missouri in 1875, and Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago
in 1 88 1. He then located in Denver.
Dr. Qiarles William Judkins graduated from the Hahnemann Medical
College of Philadelphia in 1881, practiced in Maine until 1888, when he lo-
cated in Aspen,
Dr. George Pyburn, a native of England, practiced in Canada, and grad-
uated in 1859 from the Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine in Cleve-
land. After practicing in several locations in the United States he became
interested in the union colony and in 1870 went to Colorado as one of the
settlers of the town of Greeley.
An event in the history of homoeopathy in Colorado is that homoeopathic
treatment was introduced in the Arapahoe county jail and poorhouse hos-
pital in 1881, which was then placed under the medical supervision of Dr.
Ambrose S. Everett. He made some interesting statistical reports on the
small death rate and the successful treatment.
There are at the present time homoeopathic practitioners in nearly all
the principal towns in the state. Many of its practitioners went to that in-
vigorating climate originally for their health and nearly all were formerly
practitioners of experience in other parts of the country.
Homoeopathic physicians in Colorado previous to 1880. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine be-
fore the date given.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY. 409
1876 Benbow, T. A. x Colorado Springs 1852 Marix, Martin M. Denver
1877 Benham, S. x Denver 1876 Marsh, L. E. x Central City
Blair, Alonzo O. Denver 1870 Miller, Adam x Denver
187s Bowne, S. Townsend x Leadville 1877 Owen, W. R. x Pueblo
1875 Brace, Charles C. Boulder 1877 Parkhurst, C. B. x Colorado Springs
1877 Brooks, John F. x Gardner 1859 Pybum, George Georgetown
1869 Burr, William A. Georgetown 1870 Rice, Hyland W. Central City
1854 Burnham, Norman G. Denver 1866 Scott, M. L. x Denver
187s Coombs, L. D. Colorado Springs 1877 Seymour, Dr. x Colorado Springs
1877 Cortright, C. W. Pueblo 1869 Squires, Dr. x Denver
1873 Clark, Uri S. Boulder T877 Stebbins, H. H. x Golden
1877 Crepin, E. A. x San Luis 1879 Tennant, C E. Denver
1877 Dobbins, William A. x Lake City 1868 Walker, Aaron Denver
1856 Fletcher, S. M. Denver 1871 Walker, James M. Denver
1876 Gatchell, H- T. F. x Colorado 1867 Wheeler, Byron A. Denver
Springs 1877 Wegener, Henry F. x Denver
187s Hart, Charles N. Denver 1877 Way, Mrs. H. H. x Colorado
1863 Ingersol, Luther J. Denver Springs
HOMOEOPATHY IN MONTANA.
Bordering the Dominion of Canada, east of Idaho, north of Wyoming
and west of Dakota, is situated the new state of Montana. It was settled
about 1 86 1 and admitted to the union in 1889, being the forty-first state.
So far as can be ascertained the first person to practice homoeopathy within
its borders was Dr. Stephen Roby Mason, who in 1864-65 journeyed through
the gold regions of Montana, Idaho and British Columbia. He opened an
office in Virginia City, and introduced the practice of homoeopathy. Dr.
Mason was a native of Chichester, N. H., studied medicine in Matamora,
Illinois, and graduated from the Rush Medical College of Chicago in 1852.
He then returned to his father's home in Illinois, where he commenced prac-
tice. He soon afterward investigated homoeopathy and became convinced of
its truth. He was a member of the Henry County Medical Society, from
which he was expelled upon his adoption of the new system of medical prac-
tice. In 1 861 he traveled through the New England states with an invalid
corps, and in 1864-65, himself an invalid, he emigrated to Montana.
In 1876 Drs. A. E. Ingersol and C. S. Ingersol were in practice at Helena.
In 1886 Dr. Robert M. Whitefoot was located in Bozeman; Drs. Charles W.
Clark, Frederick Hiller, J. W. January, Adolph Mamor, Winfield S. Nor-
cross and George B. Sarchet were in Butte City; Drs. Maria M. Dean,
Thomas Eccles and Charles S. Thompson were in Helena ; Dr. Fox E. H.
Canny was in Waterville.
in 1886 there were ten homoeopathic practitioners in the territory; in
1896, fifteen ; in 1904, nineteen, of whom six were located in Butte.
Homoeopathic physicians in Montana previous to 1886. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of
some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicme before the date given.
1868 Canny, Fox E. H. Walkersville 1883 Green, Wilber F. Miles City
1886 Clarke, Martha J. x Butte City 1883 Hedger, Frank S. Missoula
1885 Clark, Charles W. Butte City 1852 Hiller, Frederick Butte City
188s Crutcher, C- S. x Townsend Ingersol, C. S. Helena
1883 Dean. Maria M. Helena 1871 Ingersol, A. E. Helena
1885 Eccles. Thomas x Helena 1881 January, J. W. Butte City.
410 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1878 Kellogg, Edwin S. Helena 1870 Sarchet, George B. Butte City
i860 Mamor. Adolph * Butte City 1880 Thompson, Charles S. W. Helena
i860 Mason, Stephen R. * Virginia City 1866 Whitefoot, Robert M. Bozeman
1886 Norcross, Winfield S. * Butte City
HOMOEOPATPIY IN FLORIDA.
The early records of homoeopathy in Florida are meagre. Dr. Charles
Roney Doran, a graduate of the Eclectic Medical College of Philadelphia in
1856, and of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1866,
after practicing in Baltimore and Nashville, located in Jacksonville about
1869. Dr. Henry Rice Stout, having graduated from the Hahnemann Medi-
cal College of Chicago in 1868 and having practiced in Chicago, located in
Jacksonville about 1880 or 188 1. As early as 1857, Dr. A. C. McCantz and
Dr. J. A. Mitchell were practicing homoeopathy in that city, and in 1877
Dr. P. E. Johnson was located there.
In 1869 Dr. Sarah M. Ellis, who was a graduate of the Western Col-
lege of Homoeopathic Medicine in 1859 and who had been practicing in
New York city and had been connected with the New York Medical College
for Women, spent the winter in Jacksonville and devoted herself to prac-
tice. She was the wife of Dr. John Ellis.
Dr. E. S. Byron located in Monticello previous to 1857. ^^- ^- ^•
Walker was situated at Station No. 5 in 1870.
In 1883 Dr. Samuel Mills Fowler, who had been in practice in Michi-
gan and in Iowa, went to DeLand and devoted himself to the practice of
medicine, and also to growing oranges. While living there an epidemic of
typho-malarial fever appeared in St. Augustine and he went there and
treated the disease with marked success. In 1888 he went to Gainesville,
Texas. He was a graduate of the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago
in 1872, and died in Chicago, March 28, 1899.
In 1857 there were three practitioners of homoeopathy in Florida, three
in 1870, seven in 1876, nine in 1886, twenty-five in 1896, and thirty in 1904.
The State Homoeopathic Medical Society of Florida was organized in
Jacksonville, January 19, 1889, with these first officers: Dr. H. R. Stout of
Jacksonville, president; Dr. Ada F. Bruce of Tampa, vice-president; Dr.
C. W. Johnson of Jacksonville, secretary; Drs. T. J. Williamson, Blanding
and E. Johnson, censors.
St. Luke's Hospital was founded as an institution of the allopathic
school so far as concerned its medical department, but in March, 1878,
through the efforts of Mrs. Alexander Mitchell of Milwaukee, president of
the board of lady managers, a homoeopathic ward was established in the
hospital.
Homoeopathic physicians in Florida previous to 1880. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of
some other school ; the character x mdicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
1876 Ames, Mrs. x Tallahassee 1859 Ellis, Mrs. Sarah M. Jacksonville
1857 Byron, E. S. x Monticello 1872 Flanders, George F. Tallahassee
1877 Craft, E. T. x Longwood 1854 Johnson, P. E. x Jacksonville
1866 Doran, Charles R. * Jacksonville 1857 McCantz, A. C. x Jacksonville
HISTORY OF HOMCF.OPATHY 411
1857 Mitchell, J. A. x Jacksonville 1876 Parker, H. P. (or Porter) Bis-
.... Noble. J. H. ^ cayne ^ , , .„
1877 Pell D V. X Jacksonville 1868 Stout, Henry R. Jacksonville
1872 Pickard, A. J. Pensacola 1870 Walker, D. M. x Station No. 5
412 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XXXIX
HOMOEOPATHY IN OREGON, SOUTH CAROLINA AND KANSAS.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Dr. Leslie Jacob Coombs, the Pioneer Homoeopath in Oregon — ^Later Growth of the
System in the State — Medical Societies and Hospitals in Kansas — Dr. John Hazard
Henry, the First Homoeopath in South Carolina — Dr. John Doy, the Pioneer of
Homoeopathy in Kansas — Societies and Hospitals — Reminiscences.
HOMCEOPATHY IN OREGON.
Dr. Marcus Whitman had lived for several years in the wilderness re-
gions of the almost boundless Oregon country when in 1842 he conceived the
idea that the best means to prevent the English from gaining absolute pos-
session of the region was to form a settlement there of American colonists,
and to that end journeyed on horseback four thousand miles overland to
Washington to lay his scheme before congress and to explain to that body
that the country from whence he came was indeed worthy of settlement.
WJien he returned in 1843 he was leader of a train of two hundred emigrant
families, whose purpose was to occupy the country which now forms the
states of Oregon, Washington and Idaho.
Ten years after this event, in 1853, Dr. Leslie Jacob Coombs emigrated
to Oregon and engaged in the practice of medicine. He was a native of
Pennsylvania, and had read medicine with several physicians, one of whom
was Dr. Charles A. Geiger of Manchester, Maryland, who turned the young
man to the subject of homoeopathy and induced him to adopt it in practice.
In 1852 he graduated from Washington University in Baltimore, and at
once went to the far west, in his travels treating in the country through which
he traveled, giving special attention to diseases of the eye ; and tradition says
he was a personage of consequence and a physician of learning. In the
Rogue river Indian war of 1855-56 he served as senior surgeon of mounted
volunteers, and during the civil war which followed was assistant surgeon
in charge of Forts Yamhill and Hoskins in Oregon. In Oregon his prac-
tice was very extensive. In medicine he doubtless treated with homoeopathic
remedies, but he is recalled as having been quite liberal in this respect, and
combined both the old and the new school methods.
Such, in brief, was the beginning of homoeopathy in Oregon, but how-
ever well the system may have been represented in the early endeavors of
Dr. Coombs, there was no rapid increase in number of practitioners for sev-
eral years, and in 1876, more than twenty years after the events mentioned,
there were only eleven physicians of the school in the state ; fourteen in
1878; twenty-three in 1886; thirty-nine in 1896; sixty in 1899, ^"d forty in
1904.
The Oregon State Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized and
incorporated in 1876, and is still in existence, holds annual meetings, and
publishes transactions. Its first officers were Dr. H. McKennell, president;
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 413
Drs. William Geiger and A. Pohl, vice-presidents; Dr. G. A. Wilcox, re-
cording secretary; Dr. T. J. Sloan, corresponding secretary; Dr. Francis C.
Paine, treasurer.
The Portland Methodist Hospital was organized and opened as an in-
stitution of the allopathic school in 1886, and became homoeopathic in 1895.
It is one of the largest hospitals in the northwest country.
As early as 1876 Dr. Rawdon Arnold was in practice in Albany, Linn
county, having previously lived in Missouri, where he was educated in medi-
cine. In 1871 he was in Marysville, Gal., and came thence to Oregon. Dr.
Levi Henderson began practice in Salem in 1878, having just graduated
from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri.
Homoeopathic physicians in Oregon previous to 1880. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was
of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
1864 Arnold, Rawdon * Albany 1848 Pohl, Albert Portland
1877 Burr, A. C. x Portland 1877 Paine. T. C. x Salem
1852 Coombs, Leslie J. Portland 1877 Saunders, A. E. x Amity
1876 Forstner, B. x Salem 1876 Sloan, T. J. x Portland
1876 Geiger, William x Forest Grove 1876 Shieb, E. x Portland
1878 Henderson, Levi Salem 1878 Wilcox, G. W. Albany
1876 McKinnell. H. x Portland 1876 Wright, H. x Goose Lake
1864 Nichols, Sophronia Albany 1877 Wyatt, J. H. x Eugene City
HOMOEOPATHY IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
The story of homoeopathy in South Carolina is but a meagre one. As in
some of the other southern states, and for obvious reasons, the advancement
of the system has been slow. In 1853 Dr. John Hazard Henry, who had
graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1S51
and had been in practice in Montgomery, Alabama, went to Charleston to
take the practice of Dr. Kniffner. In 1854 the yellow fever appeared, and Dr.
Barton, the only other homoeopathic physician in the city, being incapacitated
for work, Dr. Henry found his duties very arduous. Late in the fall of
1856 his health became so impaired that he was compelled to return to Ala-
bama, where he resumed practice.
Dr. John S. Pfonts was the pioneer in Columbia, where he located in
1854. He had graduated from the Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1853.
Forming an acquaintance with Dr. N. C. Moore, a homoeopathic physician,
he became a convert, and in 1854 went to La Crosse, Wisconsin. Ill health
compelled him to return to the east, and he went to Columbia. At the open-
ing of the war of the rebellion he went to Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Dr. Joshua Adams Whitman was the first to practice homoeopathy in
Beaufort. He went there an invalid in 1874, bought a case of homoeopathic
medicines and a work on practice. While studying he conducted a small
machine shop, and in the meantime practiced homoeopathy among his friends
in a quiet way. His first efforts were successful and in 1879 he sold his
shop, took a course of lectures and went into practice, but as he was not a
graduate his practice created disturbance in the community. Having cured
many cases that were considered hopeless by the allopaths, his friends in-
sisted that he obtain a diploma, which he did after a course at the Chicago
414 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
HomcEopathic Medical College in the spring of 1886. He made Beaufort
his permanent home.
In 1887 Dr. Owen Beverly Cause, who had been in practice in Philadel-
phia, went to Aiken where he practiced during the winter, passing the sum-
mer in Asbury Park. He continued until his death in Philadelphia, January
II, 1895. His son, Dr. Percival O. B. Cause, after graduating from the
Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1881 and practicing in Phila-
delphia for a time, located in Aiken. He lived only a year, dying at the age
of twenty-seven.
The following letter written in March, 1905, by Dr. Francis V. Qeckley
of Charleston, gives a very good idea of the condition of homoeopathy in the
state at the present time : " I only know that my father, Hervey Milton
Cleckley, came here after the war. He is now deceased. I think Dr. Thomas
Shearer of Baltimore, Md., was here before the war and removed to Balti-
more after the war. My father and I were the only homoeopathists here since
the war. Only two homoeopaths are now in South Carolina, Dr. Whitman
of Beaufort, and I here in Charleston."
In 1857 Dr. H. H. Hammond was located in Beach Island and Dr. J.
Barton in Charleston. In 1870 Miss L. M. Towne was practicing in Beau-
fort, Dr. P. T. Schley was in Charleston, and Dr. Hammond in Beach Island.
In 1877 Dr. H. M. Cleckley and Dr. P. T, Schley were in Charleston, no
others being in the state. In 1899 Dr. Joshua A. Whitman was in Beaufort,
Drs. Francis V. Cleckley and Hervey M. Cleckley in Charleston, and Dr.
William L. Hood in Greenwood. In 1904 Dr. Whitman was in Beaufort,
Dr. Frank E. Nichols in Greenville, Dr. William L. Hood in Greenwood and
Dr. F. V. Cleckley in Charleston.
Homoeopathic physicians in South Carolina previous to 1904. The date
preceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was
of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician prac-
ticed medicine before the date given.
1852 Barton, J. x Charleston 1889 Hood, William L. Greenwood
1881 Cleckley, Francis V. Charleston 1881 Peters, William C. Frogmore
1859 Cleckley, Hervey M. * Charleston 1902 Nichols, Frank E. Greenville
1881 Gause, Percival O. B. Aiken 1866 Schley, Philip T. Charleston
1857 Gause, Owen B. Aiken 1858 Shearer, Thomas Charleston
1857 Hammond, H. H. x Beach Island 1870 Towne, Miss L. M. x Beaufort
P. O. 1886 Whitman, Joshua A. Beaufort
1851 Henry, John H. * Charleston
HOMOEOPATHY IN KANSAS.
The first homoeopathic physician to enter Kansas was Dr. John Doy,
who went to that state in 1854 with the first party of settlers from Boston.
He was an Englishman and had graduated in Cambridge, England, in 1834,
practiced allopathy there until 1846, and then came to this country. He prac-
ticed homoeopathy after that time. In 1854 he was living in Rochester,
N. Y., and was the delegate selected to visit Boston and obtain information
concerning the organization of emigrant companies. The first party which
Dr. Doy joined consisted of twenty-nine persons, who took possession of
their land on August i, 1854. He himself said he put up the first logs for
a cabin on the hill where Lawrence stands. Those were troublous times
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 415
for the doctor, who had avowed himself to be an abolitionist; he was im-
prisoned and nearly lost his life. After his release he returned to practice in
Lawrence.
In 1857 Dr. M. Morris was located in Ossawatomie. About 1865 Dr.
Martin Mayer Marix settled in Leavenworth. He was a native of Germany
and adopted homoeopathy in 1852, before leaving- that country. He remained
a few years in Kansas and then removed to Denver. About 1867 Dr. John
Jacob Edie formed a partnership with Dr. Marix in Leavenworth, and after
the latter went away, the former still continued practice there.
Dr. Jerry Woods Stewart located in Waterville in 1870, making it his
permanent home. In the fall of 1869 ^^- William Q. Mansfield located at
Emporia. He graduated in 1857 from the Buffalo Medical College, and at
that time considered homoeopathy a delusion. He served through the war
as a surg-eon and then settled in Emporia. In 1870 he removed to Winfield.
Dr. Levi Hubbard settled in Atchison in 1871. He graduated from the
Berkshire Medical College in 1835 and practiced six years in Massachu-
setts. While in Plymouth his attention was called to homoeopathic remedies,
and after some years he avowed belief. He practiced in Dutchess county,
N. Y., fifteen years, and in company with his son-in-law, Dr. William H.
Parsons, located in Atchison. Later he went to Illinois.
Dr. William H. Parsons studied with Dr. Hubbard, graduated from
Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago in 1871, and became his preceptor's
partner in Atchison.
In 1871 Dr. S. Milton Pratt settled in Hiawatha. He graduated from
the Homoeopathic Medical College of Missouri in 1861, practiced in Illi-
nois, served as a surgeon in the army, and then removed to Kansas.
Dr. Peter Diederich graduated from Strasburg in 1870, came to the
United States in 1873. and located in Wyandotte, now Kansas City.
The growth of homoeopathy has been good in Kansas. In 1857 there
was but one homoeopath in the state. In 1870 there were seventeen ; in
1886, one hundred and twenty-seven ; in 1896, two hundred and seventy,
and in 1904 there were one hundred and eighty-eight, sixteen being in To-
peka. and eleven in Kansas City.
The Homoeopathic Medical Society of Kansas was organized in Leaven-
worth, April 14, 1869, incorporated in 1871, and has been in successful
operation more than thirty-five vears. Membership in 1903. fifty-five. The
Topeka Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in 1881 and incorpo-
rated in 1882. The Southern Kansas Homoeopathic Medical Association was
organized December t^. t886. The Shawnee County Homoeopathic Medi-
cal Society was organized October 29. 1890.
The Kansas Surgical Hospital of Topeka was founded and incorpo-
rated in 1882. The Wichita Homoeopathic Hospital was founded and in-
corporated in December, 1888.
Homoeopathic physicians in Kansas previous to 1872. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of
some other school ; the character x indicates that the . physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
416
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
1870
1866
1866
1867
1866
1867
1853
1866
Ashborough, A. x Topeka *
Cowles, Edwin El Dorado 1852
Cowan, A. M. * Valley Falls 1857
Baker, P.
Bayless, J. V. 1861
Edie, John J. Leavenworth
Graham, William G. Leavenworth 1871
Hiatt, L. B. Mound City
Halstead, Milton A. x Leavenworth 1870
Hubbard, Levi * Atchison i860
Klemp, F. Topeka . . ■ .
Mansfield, William Q. * Emporia
Mason, S. K. Lawrence
Mason, Richard Lawrence
Marix, Martin M. Leavenworth
Morris, M. x Ossawatomie
Morgan, Mrs. E. K. Leavenworth
Pratt, S. Milton Hiawatha
Pratt, Robert Sacs and Foxes
Parsons, William H. Atchison
Stockham, G. H. Leavenworth
Sherburne, Frank B. Dunlap
Stewart, Jerry W. Waterville
Weeds, T. Leavenworth
Weaver, A. J. Mouska
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 41^
CHAPTER XL
HOMOEOPATHY IN UTAH, WYOMING, THE DAKOTAS, ARIZONA, IDAHO AND
ALASKA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Dr. Isaiah White, the First Homaopath in Salt Lake City— Dr. John Bowman, Cheyenne
—Dr. H. J. Morrison in Arizona— Dr. E. O. Plumbe in Dakota— Dr. D. G. Strong
in Idaho — Lists of Early Practitioners.
HOMOEOPATHY IN UTAH.
The history of liomoeopathy in the several jurisdictions included within
the scope of the present chapter is mdeed meagre, and necessarily must be
limited to mention of the names of the earliest representatives in the region
immediately under consideration.
The first practitioner of homoeopathy in Utah was Dr. Isaiah White,
who located in Salt Lake City in 1875. He was a graduate of the University
of the City of New York. Dr. J. M. Dart was another early practitioner
there. In 1875 the homoeopathic physicians in the city were Drs. J. D.
Crockwell. E. Lindsley, W. J. Smith and I. White. Dr. H. C. Hullinger
was then in Big Cottonwood and Dr. Wangaman in Ogden. There were
seven homoeopathic practitioners in Utah in 1876, twelve in 1886, thirteen
in 1896, and sixteen in 1904.
The Utah Homoeopathic Medical Association was organized in Salt
Lake City, January 21, 1892, and was incorporated the same year. For sev-
eral years the society maintained a healthful existence, but since 1895 it has
become decadent.
Homoeopathic physicians in Utah previous to 1886. The date preceding
the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoeopathy.
The character '•' indicates that the practitioner originally was of some other
school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine be-
fore the date given.
187s Beattie, Jeremiah Salt Lake City 1877 Lindsley, E. x Salt Lake City
1886 Cook. James x Spanish Fork 1886 Mallory. ]\larv B. Salt Lake City
1877 CrockAvell. J. D. IM. x Salt Lake 1886 Nelson, A. R. x Ogden
Citv 1886 Nelson, R. W. x Ogden
1876 Dobbins, William A. x Salt Lake 1886 Norton, Mrs. H. C. x St. George
City 1877 Smith. W^ J. x Salt Lake City
1875 Dart, James M. Salt Lake City t88i Schock, William H. Plateau
1877 Holland, J. x Salt Lake City 1871 Ulrich. Edward Ogden City
1886 Higgins, W. S. x Murray 1855 White. Isaiah * Salt Lake City
1876 Hu'llinger, H. C. x Big Cottonwood 1877 Wangaman, Dr. x Ogden City
HOMOEOPATHY IN WYOMING.
Dr. John Raymond Bowman located in Cheyenne in 1875. He had
graduated from the New York Homoeopathic Medical College in 1874, and
after practicing a year in Grand Rapids went to Wyoming, where he re-
418
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
mained about a year. He probably was the pioneer in that territory. ' In
1877 Dr. G. E. Gorham located in Cheyenne.
The appended list of physicians includes all who have practiced in the
state. In 1877 there were but two practitioners; in 1886 there were five; in
1899, seven; in 1904, seven.
Homojopathic jihysicians in Wyoniino- previous to 1904. The date pre-
ceding^ the name indicates the year the ph}sician began the practice of homoe-
opathy.
1881 Barnes, LeRoy S. Laramie 1S90
1883 Blackburn, Charles H. Evanston 1878
1879 Blackburn, Gideon E. Evanston 1808
1874 Bowman, John R. Cheyenne 1902
Churchill, H. J. Evanston 1895
.... Foote, N. Fort Fred Steele ....
.... Graham, E. B. Cheyenne 1874
1883 Green, Wilber F. Sheridan 1800
.... Gorham, G. E. Cheyenne i8g8
1882 Hingston, James W. Cheyenne 1898
1881 Holmes, Horace P. Dietz 1879
Howe, Wilh'am F. Evanston
Kucney, B. F. Dayton
Lane, l^^-ances. Cody
Maliaffey, Andrew D. Cheyenne
Mills, Mrs. Caroline Evanston
Quinby, S. J. Cheyenne
Recker, A. C. Cheyenne
White, Arthur E. Baggs
Wetlaufcr, Ellen J. Cheyenne
Wetlaufer, Nelson A. Cheyenne
Woodruff, E. D. Rock Springs
HOMOEOPATHY IN THE DAKOTAS.
The outspreading- of the homoeopathic system in both North and South
Dakota has been reasonably rapid ; and while the vast region of country
north of Nebraska was still a territory several homoeopathic physicians were
established within its borders. As to who was the pioneer among them, or
the year of his advent, is not known, but as early as 1877 Dr. E. O. Plumbe
was located and in practice in Canton. Dr. F. L. Richter in Fargo, Dr. N.
C. Whitfield in Rapid City in the P)lack Hills, and Dr. Charles Horace
Evans in Vermillion. In 1870 there were no homreopaths in the territory,
but in 1886 there were fifty-three physicians of that school in the region, or
ten more than in 1904.
The Dakota Homoeopathic Medical Association was organized June 25,
1884, with these officers : Dr. G. V. Parmalee of Mitchell, president ; Dr.
J. M.' Westfall of Watertown, vice-president ; Dr. C. C. Huff of Huron, sec-
retary ; Dr. M. L. Reed of Ashton, treasurer ; Drs. H. Ross of Huron, M.
H. Chamberlain of Pierre and G. M. DePuy of Jamestown, censors. On
the admission of Dakota into the sisterhood of states the society just men-
tioned ceased to exist, and in its stead was organized the South Dakota
State Homoeopathic Medical Society, which came into existence May 16,
1893, both by informal organization and incorporation. It still exists, has
about fifty members, holds regular annual meetings, and is in all respects a
healthful body.
Hoinoeopathic physicians in the Dakotas previous to 1886. The date
preceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was
of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
1881 Anderson, Horace G. Grand Rapids
1866 Bell, James P. Canton
1877 Baker, J. A. Castalia
1882 Buchanan, Helen M- Yankton
1S82 Buchanan, J. Yankton
1881 Bennett, Gilbert P. Sioux Falls
1881 Bennett, Mrs. Alma S. Sioux Falls
, . . . Carpenter, A. J. Yankton
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
419
1878 Chambcrlin, Myron H. Pierre
1868 Calvert, Willia.n J. Dawson
.... Cox, J. P. Sykeston
.... Cu.shman, R. A. De Smet
.... Churchill, H. J. Hermosa
1865 Davis, D. A. Forestburg
1881 DePuy, Richard G. Jamestown
.... Donaldson, E. S. Sanborn
1883 Epps, Franklin Bl'unt
Elliott, L. W. Watertown
.... Everly, W. E. Twin Brook
1869 Evans, C. Horace Vermillion
.... Fowler, D. C. Aberdeen
1878 Franklin, William A. Bismarck
.... Folsom. E. Fargo
1885 Fluno, F. J. Flandean
.... Fiege, Mrs. F. Lake Byron
1880 Fulford, George H. Sioux Falls
1878 Goeschel, Louis New Salem
1885 Hassler, Frank Pierce
.... Higgins, C. \V. Brookings
1872 Hill, Sylvester J. Fargo
1885 Hill, Anna S. I-"argo
t88i Huflf, C. C. Huron
.... Iverson, A. M. Alexandria
.... Kinney, D. S. Deadwood
1881 Kendrick, Fayette B. Bismarck
.... Karten, J. W. Ludden
1878 Lane, D. E. Lead City
1880 Link, O. C. Altoona
1873 Marcy, A. L. Sioux Falls
.... McGowan, H. B. Bismarck
McKay, J. H. Castleton
1876 McKay. Augustus F. * Fargo
.... Martinetz, A. V. Grand Forks
.... Matthews, T. W. Hudson
1885
1S78
1877
1878
1883
1884
1857
1883
1877
1 ,S76
1868
1874
1882
Maltbie, E. H. Huron
Mattson, N. Puckwana
Morse, S. E. Miller
Murray, Elmore W. Redfield
Neville, Abby S. Woonsocket
Neville, H. Woonsocket
Odell, D. W. Athol
Perkins, Mrs. W. T. Bismarck
Perkins, J. Kate Bismarck
Parmelee, G. V. Mitchell
Plumba, E. O. x Canton
Plackett, R. Redfield
Primm, J. W. Wessington
Read, Edward W. Mandan
Remington, Frederick A. Woon-
socket
Richter, F. L. Fargo
Russell, M. L. V. LaMoure
Rockwell, C. B. Wahpeton
Rogers, Alexander H. Plankington
Reed, M. L. Ashton
Rosenbaum, F. W. Canton
Robertson, B. Fargo
Rutledge, Samuel W. Grand Forks
Ross, H. Huron
Sage, R. W. Parker
Sill. E. E. Huron
Spates, F. C. Milbank
Sullivan, D. T. Bristol
Smith, J. Howard Groton
Tuttle, Adelmer M. Chamberlain
Vidal, James W. Valley City
Wheeler, H. W. Custer City
Whitfield, N. C. Puckwana
Wood, E. H. Ree Heights
Westfall, L M. Watertown
HOMOEOPATHY IN ARIZONA.
There is record of a Dr. H. J. Morrison, located in Sacaton in 1876. In
1886 Dr. John J. Miller, a graduate of the homoeopathic department of the
University of Michigan in 1880, was located in Clifton. In 1890 Dr. Wilford
Washington Fetterman, a graduate of the Hahnemann Medical College of
Philadelphia in 1872, was in Tombstone. In 1893 Dr. Charles D. Belden, a
graduate of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College in 1868, and Dr.
William L. Woodruff, a graduate of the Hahnemann Medical College of
Philadelphia in 1882, were located in Phoenix. Dr. H. H. Pilling was in
Tucson. In 1896 Dr. A. E. Marden was in Harqua Hala, Dr. Charles D.
Belden in Phoenix, Dr. Henry H. Pilling in Tucson, and Dr. G. W. Horney
in William.s. These were the only homoeopathists then in the territory. In
1899 there were fifteen homoeopathic practitioners in Arizona, seven of them
being located in Phanix. In 1904 there were twelve in the territory, three
of whom were in Phoenix, three in Prescott, one in Chloride, one in Mesa,
one in Troy, one in Tombstone and two in Tucson.
The Arizona State Homoeopathic Medical Association was organized in
1900. but no meetings have been held since 1902, it being difficult for the
members to assemble.
420 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
HomcEopathic physicians in Arizona previous to 1900. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine be-
fore the date given.
868 Belden, Charles D. Phoenix 1885 Jones, A. Cuvier Tucson
885 Burgess, Grant Phoenix McNally, J. B. Prescott
879 Butler, Edward Prescott 1889 Marden, Augustus E. Harqua Hala
. . . Davis, John B. Morenci 1877 Morrison, H. J. x Sacaton
... Davis, William J. Morenci 1880 Miller, John J. Clifton
. . . Evans, John M. Phoenix 1870 Pilling, Henry H. Tucson
872 Fetterman, Wilford W. Tombstone 1864 Pool, Josiah Schultz
857 Goodwin, David M. Phoenix .... Thomas, John Wix Phoenix
. . . Hawley, Amasa S. Phoenix 1874 Tuttle. A. M. Phoenix
... Hyde, William A. Phoenix 1882 Woodruff, William L. Phoenix
. . . Ingalls, Mrs. E. A. Phoenix
HOMOEOPATHY IN IDAHO.
As early as 1877 Dr. D. G. Strong was practicing homoeopathy in Idaho
City. In 1886 there were five practitioners in the territory, among them Dr.
Daniel H. Brien, a graduate in 1885 of Hahnemann Medical College of Chi-
cago, at Delta; Dr. J. O. Maxley at Lewiston ; Dr. G. A. Kenney at Salmon
City; Dr. Sylvester P. Hunt at Salubria, and Dr. A. E. Sanders at Moscow.
In 1890 there were eight homoeopathic physicians in the territory, five in
1893, eleven in 1899, and twelve in 1904.
Homoeopathic practitioners in Idaho previous to 1900. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy.
1883 Adair, William A. Moscow 1869 Hunt, Sylvester P. Salubria
1885 Brien, Daniel H. Delta 1891 Hughes, J. Edwin Moscow
.... Blake, H. B. Moscow 1896 Inman, L. F. Lewiston
1897 Beck, John A. Genessee 1891 January, J. W. Boise
1887 Beck, Peter S. Genessee .... Kenney, G. A. Salmon City
1872 Bearby, M. Jennie Mountain Home .... Maxley, J. Q. Lewiston
1879 Collister, George Boise 1891 Rogers, Rebecca W. Caldwell
Campbell, U. G. Wallace .... Sanders, A. E. Moscow
1886 Gill, Dr. Lewiston Strong, D. G. Idaho City
1897 Hamilton, Angelina G. Lewiston 1883 Ustick, Harlan Page Boise
1869 Henry, George A. Salmon
HOMOEOPATHY IN ALASKA.
So far as conceVns the planting of hoinoeopathy in far off Alaska little
is known, except that in 1877 Dr. James Johnston was living and practicing
in Sitka, and seemed to hold the territory without competition for several
years. In 1896 Dr. William A. Egbert was in Juneau. He graduated in
1875 from the HomcEopatliic Hospital College of Cleveland. In 1899 Dr.
James K. Perrine, a graduate in 1893 of Hahnemann Medical College of
Philadelphia, and Dr. Edwin Rollin Gregg, also of Hahnemann, class ot
1892, were practicing in Dawson City, while at that time Dr. Egbert was still
at Juneau, Dr. Horatio Richmond Marsh at Point Barrow, and Dr. B. K.
Wilbur at Sitka.
In 1898 Dr. Harrison Seth Pelton, a graduate of the homoeopathic med-
ical college in San Francisco in 1888, and a previous practitioner in Oak-
land, sailed as surgeon on a ship sent out by eastern capitalists bound for
HISTORY OF HOAICROPATHY 421
Kotzebiie Sound. They arrived there in July, 1898, and went up the Kowark
river three hundred and fifty miles and wintered. There was much sickness
in the party during the winter, but Dr. Pelton cared for the sufferers in the
company and also in another party several miles distant. While thus em-
ployed he was frozen to death in a blizzard. Dr. Horatio R. Marsh is the
only homoeopath now in the region mentioned.
Homoeopathic physicians in Alaska previous to 1904. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character x indicates that the physician practiced medi-
cine before the date given.
1875 Egbert, William A. Juneau _ 1888 Pelton, Harrison S. Kowark River
i8q2 Gregg. Edward R. Dawson City 1893 Perrine, James K. M. Dawson City
1877 Johnston, James x Sitka 1891 Wilbur, B. K. Sitka
1897 Marsh, Horatio R. Barrow
(Hoonah)
422 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XLI.
HOMOEOPATHY IN ARKANSAS, NEVADA, INDIAN TERRITORY, WASHINGTON,
NEW MEXICO AND OKLAHOMA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
The " North American Journal of Homoeopathy " for April, 1847, says :
" The following loud voice from Arkansas is an extract from a letter received
a few days since from an old and valued friend, to whom I have occasionally
sent a pamphlet on the subject of homoeopathy."
The friend in question said that he entered upon the study of the Hahne-
mannian system " with a degree of pleasure unknown at any time " during
his long sojourn of guessing in the allopathic school ; and further : " I shall
send on in a short time for such works as will aid me in reducing to practice
such rules as are laid down, and hope that you will occasionally lend a hand
in aiding a mind somewhat blunted by fifty-eight years of exercise and dulled
by its attachment to doctrines which' I now believe to be altogether hvpo-
thetical."
The first record of a homoeopathic physician in Arkansas is that of Dr.
E. D. Ayers, who introduced homoeopathy in Little Rock in 1859, ^""^^ ^*^
whom always has been accorded the honor of having been the pioneer of the
system in the state. In 1876 there were nine homoeopathic physicians in the
state; in 1878 there were ten; in 1899, thirty-four; and in 1904, according to
the best information obtainable, thirty-six. In the year last mentioned there
were six homoeopaths in Little Rock and ten in Hot Springs.
The Arkansas State Homoeopathic Medical Association was organized
in Little Rock, April 12, 1903, with these officers: Dr. W. E. Green of
Little Rock, president ; Dr. V. W. Hallman of Hot Springs, vice-president ;
Dr. Z. N. Short of Hot Springs, secretary ; Dr. P. C. Williams of Texarkana.
treasurer. Members in 1904, twenty. The Pulaski County Homoeopathic
Medical Society, organized in Little Rock, May 24, 1887, was the first and
for a long time the only society of homoeopathic physicians in the state.
Dr. J. H. Hadfieki settled in Little Rock in 1859, remained there until
1863 and then returned to Cincinnati. He was a physician of note and the
inventor of the Hadfield equalizer, used in the treatment of paralysis.
Dr. E. Darwin Ayers, formerly of New York, located in Little Rock in
1859, practiced there until the close of the civil war, when he engaged in
other pursuits; but in 1876 he returned to practice and so continued until
his death, in 1903.
Dr. H. D. L. Webster of Cleveland came to Little Rock about 1869, prac-
ticed there a few years and then returned to Ohio. In 1870 Dr. A. J. Wright
of Bloomington, Ills., settled in Little Rock, and died in 1872. Among the
other early practitioners ir. the state mention ma>- be made of Dr. Pierce, who
practiced in Ft. Smith after about 1869; Dr. W. F. Green,v in Little Rock;
Dr. Eugene Smith of Nashville, who also practiced in Little Rock ; also Dr.
John Bull of Wisconsin, in Little Rock ; Drs. John B. Brooks and L. S. Ord-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 42:i
way, who located at the r[ot Springs about 1874 and were the pioneers of
homoeopathy in that section ; and Dr. J. C. Daily, who settled in Ft. Smith
m 1883 and died there in igoo.
Homoeopathic ])hysicians in Arkansas ijrcvious to 1880. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the \ear ihc i)liysiciaii began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character ''■'- indicates that the practitioner originally was of
some other school; the character x indicates dial tin.' ])b\sician practiced medi-
cine before the date given.
1859 Ayers, E. Darwin Little Rock 1S76 .McCalniont, J. J. x Hot Springs
1864 Brooks, John B. Hot Springs .... Nostman, Fred Helena
1871 Bnll, John Little Rock 1877 Ordway. L. S. x Hot Springs
1870 Chambers, E. W. * Bentonville 1876 Pierce, C. W. x Fort Smith
1875 Cline, A. H. x Fort Smith 1876 Streeter, George D. x Hot Springs
1877 Colhns, A. H. x Little Rock 1876 Smith. E. R. x Little Rock
1883 Daily, J. C. Fort Smfth 1876 Walker, A. x Little Rock
1872 Dobbins, W. A. Carlisle 1876 Weathers, L V. Hollywood
1877 Dungan, H. D. x Little Rock T86g Webster, H. D. L. Little Rock
1873 Green. William E. Little Rock 1870 Wright, A. J. Little Rock
185Q Hadfield, J. H. Little Rock 1877 Wright, J. H. x Van Buren
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEVADA.
The first disciple of Hahnemann to set up the standard of homoeopathy
in what now is the state of Nevada, but then was a territorial jurisdiction,
was Dr. Frederick Hiller, a former resident of Nevada City in California, and
who located in Virginia City in 1862, remained there until 1870 and then
removed to San Francisco. He is said to have traveled at times as far as
three hundred miles over the mountains in visiting his patients.
In speaking of his professional experiences in the far west. Dr. Miller
said: "I am yet the only homoeopathic practitioner in the state of Nevada,
but I hope thait soon this number may multiply ; here is and will be a large
field for work."
Soon afterward the desires of the pioneer were satisfied, for in 1870 Dr.
E. A. W^ild was in practice in Austin, and Drs. E. R. and H. Knapp in Vir-
ginia City. In 1886 Dr. L. A. Herrick was in Carson City, Dr. L. Kent in
Ward, Dr. A. Marlotte in Columbus and Dr. Frederick H. Parker in Vir-
ginia City. In 1904 there were only two homoeopathic practitioners in the
state, Dr. Phillipina Wagner in Carson City and Dr. Floyd J. Nutting in
Searchlight.
Homoeopathic physicians in Nevada previous to 1886. The date preced-
ing the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine before
the date given.
1872 Fetterman. Wilford W. Virginia 1885 Marlotte, A. x Columbus
City .... Price, R. Eureka
1876 Herrick, L. A. Carson City 187 1 Packer, Fred H. Virginia City
1852 Hiller, Frederick Virginia City .... Parker, Dr. Virginia City
185 1 Knapp, Henry Virginia City 1885 Richardson, A. S. x Belmont
.... Knapp, E. R. Virginia City 1859 Stevenson, Eady Virginia City
1872 Kent, Luke Ward .... Tufts, J. E. Virginia City
424 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
HOMOEOPATHY IN INDIAN TERRITORY.
Dr. Nathaniel \"an Wert Wright settled at Okmulgee in 1881, being the
pioneer homoeopath in that region. He graduated from the St. Louis College
of Homoeopathic Medicine and Surgery in 1881, and at once went to the
Indian Territory, where he remained twelve years. He then returned to
Baltimore, his native town, and died there February 16, 1895. In 1890 Dr.
Jonas W. Fisher, a graduate of the Chicago Homoeopathic Medical College,
was located at Oklahoma. In 1896 Mrs. C. J. Rutherford was located at
Wagoner. In 1904 the following physicians were located in the territorv :
Dr. Julius H. Peterman at Ardmore ; Dr. Elmer H. Cutts at Bradley ; Dr.
George H. Harry at Leon ; Dr. George C. Hatfield at Newburg ; Dr. Samuel
B. Leslie at Okmulgee ; Dr. Bertrand M. Porter at Rush Springs ; Dr. Martin
E. Plumstead at Sapulpa ; and Dr. Noah B. Ruhl at Sulphur.
Homoeopathic physicians in the Indian Territory previous to 1904. The
date preceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice
of homoeopathy. The character x indicates that the physician practiced medi-
cine before the date given.
1899 Cutts, Elmer H. Bradley 1889 Porter, Bertrand M. Rush Springs
1879 Fisher, Jonas Oklahoma 1897 Plumstead, Martin E. Sapulpa
1898 Harry, George H. Leon 189^ Rutherford, Mrs. Z. J. x Wagoner,
1870 Hatfield, George C. Newburg Creek Nation
1902 Leslie, Samuel B. Okmulgee i8q6 Ruhl, Noah B. Sulphur
1894 Peterman, Julius H. Ardmore 1881 Wright, Nathaniel V. Okmulgee
HOMOEOPATHY IN WASHINGTON.
The first homoeopathic physician to locate in what now is the state of
Washington was Dr. Alvan Bagley, a graduate in 1855 of the Western Col-
lege of Homoeopathic Medicine, and who settled for practice in Seattle some-
time previous to 1875. Dr. Herman Beardsley graduated from the same insti-
tution in 1865 and subsequently located in Seattle. Dr. H. B. Bagley, also a
practitioner, died in Seattle in 1899.
Dr. Charles E. Grove began practice in Spokane in 1889. He graduated
at Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in the same year. Dr. Fred-
erick W. South worth, a graduate in 1887 of the medical department of the
University of Iowa, located in Tacoma in 1888. Dr. Francis B. Kellogg
settled there in 1889, having graduated in 1887 from the New York Homoe-
opathic Medical College. Dr. W. W. Mysner came- to Tacoma soon after 1890.
In 1876 there were four homoeopathic practitioners in the state; in 1886,
eighteen; in 1896, forty-three; in 1904, fifty-eight, of whom, in that year,
four were in Dayton, fourteen in Seattle, eleven in Spokane, five in Tacoma,
and three in Walla Walla.
The Washington State Homceopathic Medical Society was organized in
Seattle in November, 1889. The Tacoma Flomoeopathic Academy of Medi-
cine was organized in 1890. The Homoeopathic Medical Society of King
County was organized in September, 1889.
Homoeopathic physicians in Washington previous to 1886. The date
preceding the name indicates the year the j^hysician l-)cgan the practice of
homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
425
of some other school ; the character x incHcates that the physician practiced
medicine ]:)efore the date given.
1855 Bagley, Alven Seattle 1883
1865 Bagley, Herman B. Seattle 1872
1868 Booth, H. W. Cheney 1880
1883 Capps, WilHam Centralia i86g
1852 Day. William W. * Dayton 1886
1882 Churchill, Frederick A. Seattle 1875
1877 DeVoe, Miss ^Marmora Seattle ....
1875 Egbert. W. A. Walla Walla 1884
.... Mineer, W. S. Waitsburg
Mysner. William W. Tacoma
Munson, Clinton Tacoma
Ptnfield. Charles S. Spokane P'alls
Rice, William H. Tacoma
Simmons, Mrs. N. J. Waitsburg
Vandervoort, M. x Walla Walla
VVhituorth, F. H.' Seattle
Whitworth, Geix ¥., Jr. Olympia
HOMOEOP.XTHY IX NEW MEXICO.
It cannot he said that Xew Mexico ever has heen rich in homceopathic
history, although the practice has heen fully rooted there for more than
twenty years. In 1893 there were eight ph}sicians in the territory, six in
1896, eight in 1899, and twelve in 1904.
Among the early practitioners in the territory mention may he made of
Drs. M. D. Alien, J. M. Cunningham and J. H. Sutfin in Las \'egas ; Dr.
C. L. Kendall in Lordsburgh. and Dr. William Eggert in Santa Fe.
Homoeopathic physicians in Xew Mexico previous to 1900. The date
precedmg the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy.
.... Allen. M. D. Las Vegas
1883 Beals. W. Guy Tierra Bianca Sierra
1893 Bishop, Frank D. Albuquerque
1887 Bishop. }klarian S. Albuquerque
1874 Blinn. Elmer P. Chloride
.... Burgess, Manus Albuquerque
.... Callen. J. A. Tiptonville
1870 Cunningham, J. M. Las Vegas
1890 Edmondson, R. H. Bernalillo
1863 Eggert, William Santa Fe
.... Mahaffy, A. L. Albuquerque
1894 Matchett, John Dorlores
1889 Marden. A. E. ^lescalero
.... Kendall, Mrs. C. L. Lordsburg
.... Sutfin, J. H. Las Vegas
1888 Shepard, William T. Albuquerque
.... Stevens, M. D. Albuquerque
.... Wilms, Frederick Gallup
HOMOEOPATHY IX OKLAHOMA.
Ihis territory was organized in 1890, and three years later, in 1893. the
following homoeopathic practitioners were located there: Dr. George W. Light
in Britton ; Dr. John Harrington in El Reno ; Dr. W. A. Frasier in Hennessv,
and Drs. Charles A. Dean and Jonas W. Fisher in Oklahoma. In 1896 there
were seven homoeopathic physicians in the territory; in 1899 there were six-
teen, and in 1904, forty, three being located in Guthrie.
Homoeopathic physicians in Oklahoma previous to 1904. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the \ ear the physician began the practice of homcE-
opathy.
1862 Atkinson, Mrs. S. E. Oklahoma
1882 Boulson, Isaac C. Clifton
1890 Brown, F. A. Oklahoma
.... Dean, Charles A. Oklahoma
1893 Edington. A. L. Bond
188s .Frasier, E. A. Holt
1879 Fisher, Jonas W. Oklahoma
1878 Harrington, John El Reno
1895 Hamilton, Wilbur S. Norman
1888 Kimberley, W. T. Guthrie
1869
1876
1862
18.68
1866
1897
1896
1888
1878
1868
Light, George W. Britton
McMurty, R. F. Ingalls
Moore, S. A. Perry
Morse, Martin V. B. Noble
Pearce, Clinton W. Cleveland
Petty. C. S. Guthrie
Ruhl. Noah B. Edmond
Steele, Corwin J. Chandler
Southard, Robert W. Perry
Vandervort, M. Guthrie
n%^
/
s
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