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sM-UBRARY^ A\\EUNIVER%
THE v \
HISTORY
OF THE ./
HOUSE OF STANLEY,
A ' /
FROM Ttfl^F ^
CONQUEST,
TO THE
Death of the Right Honorable EDWARD,
LATE
EARL OF DERBY,
IN
1776.
CONTAINING A
GENEALOGICAL AND HISTORICAL
ACCOUNT,
OF THAT ILLUSTRIOUS HOUSE.
TO WHICH IS ADDED,
V Defcription of the Ifle of Man.
PRINTED BY E. SERGENT,
IN T H B
MARKET-PLACE.
j.:nccxcin,
,M.4">>+-+>>""""
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Stack
HISTORY
OF THE
HOUSE OF STANLEY.
FROM THE
CONQUEST.
H E Illuftrious houfe I have under-
taken to defcribe and treat of in the
courfe of this hiftory, is allowed by
the hiftories and records I have met with, to
have been a family of great antiquity and re-
nown; having, in their feveral ages, been
diftinguifhed and promoted by royal favour,
to the higheft pofts of honour and truft un-
der fovereign princes, and always advancing
in the front rank of our Britifh heroes.
But with regard to the origin and lineal
defcent of this ancient houfe, authors are
not fully agreed. * Mr. Cambden makes
them to fpring from the fame (lock with the
i B barons
* Mr. Camb, Bru. en
The HISTORY of the
barons of Audley ;.who tells us that the ba-
rons of Audley built Healey-caftle, in the
county of Stafford, upon lands given to
them by Hervey de Stafford, as alfo Alde-
leigh, by Thoebald de Verdon ; and from
thefe (fays he) fprung the family of the
Stanleys, EARLS of DERBY, 'but gives no
pedigree or lineal defcent thereof.
And though this account from fo public
an author might be efteemed by fome very
honourable, as being related to, or defcended
from a family which made one of the great-
eft figures in the nation for fome ages ; yet
methinks as the noble Houfe of Stanley hath
produced fo many brave and gallant perfons
both in peace and war, the ORIGINAL there-
of demands a more particular enquiry and
defcription than Mr. Cambden hath thought
fit to beftow upon them, who appears to me
to have taken the relation given us of this
moil worthy family more upon truft, and the
credit of others, than any labour or acqui-
red knowledge of his own.
Wherefore, for the honour due to fo ma-
ny brave and worthy perfons, the fatisfao-
tion of the reader, and (that all the heroic
and
"HOUSE of STANLEY. 3
and celebrated actions performed by them,
may not be buried in oblivion) I have pro-
cured and infpefted all the hiftories, records
and manufcripts, of value or efteem, I could
poffibly obtain either the fight or private ufc
of, with refpel to the fubjecl: before us.
And have as I think, met with fome public
prints, as well as manufcripts, of equal anti-
quity and authority with Mr. Cambden, from-
whence it will manifeftly appear to the rea-
der, that the honourable houfe we are here
treating of, is of greater antiquity and an
earlier original (at leaft in England) than the
barons of Audley can boaft of; and that Mr.
Cambden might upon full enquiry and much
more reafon have faid, that the barons of
Audley fprung from the fame flock with the
EARLS of DERBY, for they were engrafted
into.it, and fprung from it, as hereafter is
(hewn.
Mr. Cambden indeed tells us in his furvey
of Saffordfhire, that the Family pf Stanley
were feated at Audley, fituate in the northern
part of that county, called the Moorlands,
near the head of the river Trent, and about
B 2 3 mile
4 The HISTORY of the
a mile weft of it ; that the land was craggy
and ftony, and thinks that the family might
take their name from thence, but does not
acquaint us how long the family might have
been feated there, nor even who refrded there
in his time.
But my learned and right reverend author,
Bifhop Rutter, in his manufcript, now by me,
agrees with Mr. Cambden in the fituation as
before, and obferves further, that the original
of the Stanleys was of Saxon extraction, as
indeed I find by the bed and moft approved
antiquaries, were all the families in England,
whofe iirnames end in ley, ton, and comb ;
as Bolton, Dalton, Walton, Sefton, and
Singleton, c. Alfo Stanley, Tyldefley,
Townley, Mawdflev, \Valmfley, &c. and
alfo Duncomb, Tidcomb, Jacomb, and Edg-
comb, &c. and that the family now before
us, was feated at Stoneley as aforefaid, and
is of opinion that the Stanleys might aflume
their firname from that lordfhip, which is
very probable with refpecl to the name, the
foil being as above, of a rough and flony na-
ture; that nothing was more common and u-
ilial in thofe early times, than for families to
give
HOUSE of STANLEY. 5
give their firnames to their feats, or to take
them from that of their feat, of which we
have many inftances in our own memory, as
well as hiftory.
But how long this honourable houfe might
have been feated here before the conqueft, is
not difcoverable from hiftory or record ; but
the * reverend and learned author before af-
fures us, that they were here long before the
coming in of William Duke of Normandy,
and that he was attended in his expedition to
England by one Adam de Audley, or Au-
dithley, as the French have it.
And that he was accompanied from Au-
dithley in Normandy, by his two fons, Li-
dulph and Adam ; and that on the Dukes
obtaining the crown of England, he gave
Adam, the father, large pofleflions, as indeed
he did all his followers, infomuch that f Mr.
Cambden obferves in his notes on this family,
that it is ftrange to read what lands King
Henry III. confirmed to Henry de Audley,
the fon of Mrs. Stanley (as hereafter) and his
family, which were beftowed upon them by
the
: * Bp. Rimer's M. S. 1066, f Camb. Brit,
6 The HISTORY of the
the king, the bounty of the peers, and even
of private perfons.
And to heighten and increafe the grandeur
of this favourite family, who had attended
and greatly ferved her hufband King William ;
Queen Maud, his wife, and daughter of Bald-
win, Earl of Flanders, commonly called
Maud the Stranger, gave to Adam de Au-
dithley, the father, the feat of Red-caftle,
in the county of Salop, with all the lands
and tenements thereto belonging, and where
it is probable that family refided, to their
building of Heatly-caflle, in the county of
Stafford, upon lands given them by Hervey
de Stafford as before ; which brought them,
into that county, and from whence they were
firft ftiled Barons of Healey, but which of
them built that cattle, and who firil poffeffed
it, hiftory does not inform us.
Wherefore having, by this fniall digreffion
(which I could not well avoid in this place)
given the reader an idea of the Barons of
Audley's firft appearance in England, and
fettlement there ; I (hall, for a while, fufpend
any further mention of them and their pofte-
rity,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 7
rity, and return back to the Houfe of Stanley,
whofe antiquity and fituation are in part be-
fore defcribed.
The firfl Lord of Stoneley I met with in
hiftory or record, is ftiled Henry Stanley de
Stoneley, who lived as near as I can compute,
about forty or fifty years before the conqueft,
and fome time after ; and having iflue an
only daughter and child named Mabilla or
Mabel, he gave her in marriage to Adam,
the fon'of Lidulph de Audley, the elder fon.
of the aforefaid Adam, by whom (he had iflue
a fon, named Henry, after her father, on
whofe deceafe, Adam her hufband, was in
her right, Lord of Stoneley and Balterley, as
hereafter. (And the faid Henry the fon was
the perfon mentioned by Mr. Cambden to
have had fuch large poffeflions confirmed to
him by King Henry III.)
And being fo poflefled of thofe manors, he
fome time after exchanged the manor of
Stoneley and part of Balterley with his coufm
William, the fon of his uncle Adam, of Thalk
on the Hill, as by ,the following deed upon.
record, viz.
I Adam,
8 The HISTORY of the
I Adam, the fon of Lidulph de Audithley,
give and grant unto William de Audithley,
the fon of Adam my uncle, the town or man-
or of Stoneley, and half the town or manor
of Balterley, in exchange for the town or
manor of Thalk on the Hill, &c. Teftibus,
HenricoPreers, Roberto de Audithley, Adam
de Capell, and William de Wolve, &c.
Upon which deed in the hands of Sir Row-
land Stanley, of Hooton, Baronet, living in
the year 1610, is referved the yearly rent of
twelve-pence, payable tor ever, from the
town or manor of Thalk, to the aforefaid
William and his heirs.
And here * Mr. Speed, in his hiflory of
Staffordfhire, very aptly confirms the above
account given by Bifhop Rutter, of the Fa-
mily of Stoneley, by his difcovery of another
branch of the faid houfe being feated at Staf-
ford, which he calls Thomas Stanley, Efq;
and remarks, that he was younger brother,
or uncle to the aforefaid Henry of Stoneley,
and that his anceftors founded the abbey of
Sandewell, in the county of Bucks, and en-
dowed
* Speed's HL1.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 9
dowed it with 38!. 8s. 4<i. per annum, which
was efteerped a large income in thofe times,
before the reduction of the Roman ftandard,
when every penny was of equal value with
feven- pence now.
Which further (hews the antiquity, as well
as figure, this, ancient and worthy family
made in the world at that time.
We mutt obferve, that the faid Thomas
Stanley, of Stafford, Kfq. had one only
daughter named Joan or Joanna, and that
he gave her in marriage to the aforefaid
William de Audithley, the fon of Adam, as
aforefaid, and with her as a marriage portion,
gave him the manor of Thalk, which being
exchanged as by the above deed ; he, in ho-
nour of his lady, and the antiquity of her fa-
mily, made choice of Stoneley fcr his feat,
and called himfelf Stanley ; and from him,
are defcended all the Stanleys we (hall here-
after treat of in their order ; but refpite them
a while, and proceed by a fhort digrefllon, to
give the reader an account of the ifTue and
pofterity of Mrs. Mabilla Stanley, by Adam,
de Audithley aforefaid.
0- The.
10 The HISTORY of the,
The firft of which was a fon, named Henry,
\vho was the founder of Hilton-abbey, on
which he fettled large revenues. * He mar-
ried to his wife, Bertred, the daughter of
Ralph Manwaring, of Peover, in the county
of Chefter, and by her had iflue two fons, viz.
James and Adam ; alfo two daughters. Adam
the fecond fon died young and James the
elder fon was the firft I have met with in
hiilory, fliled Lord Audley, of Healey-caftle.
This Lord Audley, is recorded to have been
a very brave and gallant man, and an emi-
nent and experienced foldier, being one of
the chief commanders at the famous battle of
Poi&iers in France, under Edward the Black
Prince, fon to King Edward III. where he
gained immortal honour, as well by his
bounty as his valour ; for the Prince, being
a witnefs of his undaunted courage, fuperior
conduct, and high merit in the glorious and
ever memorable victory obtained that day,
September igth, 1357, gave him, in re-
ward of his eminent and diftinguifhed fer-
vice, 500!. per annum, in England, which he
immediately beflowed upon his four Efquires
or
* Camb. Brit.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 1 1
or Captains who ferved under him, (whereof
Sir John Stanley hereafter to be fpoken of, is
faid to be one) of which the prince being in-
formed, was greatly furprized, and afked him
if he did not accept his favour ; to whom he
replied " he did ; but that thofe he had
" given it to, deferved it as well as he, and
" wanted it more ;" with which anfwer the
prince was fo well pleafed, that he gave him
500!. per annum more*. A noble example
of munificence in the prince, merit and
generofity in the fubjecl;, and worthy the imi-
tation of all brave and generous fpirits.
Shortly after this remarkable battle, (in
which more of the enemy were flain and ta-
ken prifoners, than the prince's army were in
number) a truce enfued betwixt England
and France, and foon after a peace was con-
cluded, upon which this brave Lord (now
Lord Audley, being the fecond of his name
and fifth of his family) was appointed Lord
Juftice of Ireland ; and, I believe, com-
mander in chief of all his majefty's forces in
that kingdom, as his grandfather had been ;
but on his furvey and vifitation of the country,
C 2 he
. Hift. of the Wars in France.
1-2 The HISTORY of the
lie was unhappily killed by a fall from his
horfe at Thomond. in the year 1372; which
put an end not only to the life of thi:> brave
and valuable perfon, but to the male iffue of
his family; with whom I (hail, with an obfer-
vation or two, forbear all further hiftory of
them, and proceed as above, with the ifTue
And pofterity of William of Thalk, now Lord
of Stoneley, which we {hall from hence for-
ward call Stanley.
Firft,Uponthe deathof this honourable peer,
his honour and eftatedefcended to his two fitters
above mentioned ; fome fay his two daughters.
Secondly, That his eldefi fifter or daughter
named Margaret, married to Thomas Tou-
chet of Nether-Whilley, in the county of
Chefter ; and in her right become Lord Aud-
ley of Healey-caflle ; who, by the favour of
the crown, was dignified with the honour
and title of Earl of Caftle-haven in" the king-
of Ireland, whofe pofterity afterwards marri-
ed the 'elded female iftiie of the firft daughter
of Ferdinand EARL of DERBY, and thereby
became entitled to, and pofTelTed of the barony
and eftate of *Lord Strange of Knocking.
What
* jc 1 of the H=ofe of Lords lr England.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 13
What arms or bearing were ufed by the
Houfe of Stanley to this time I cannot fet
forth, but fuppofe, from their inter-marriages
with the houfe of Audley, they might give
the fame arms.
I could bring down the iflue and defcend-
ants of this noble family to our own time,
but as it is foreign to my purpofe, it would
only fwell the work, and be of little ufe to the
reader. I have chofen to omit all further no-
tice of them, judging what has been faid fuf-
ficient to (hew the farther alliance of the two
noble families, and proceed, as promifed a-
bove, to the new family of Stanley, feated
at Stoneley.
William de Audley, now Stanley, feate/i at
Stoneley by the exchange above mentioned,
both of name and eRate, had, no doubt, other
feats and lands to which his pofterity might
remove, as they increafed in number, by mar-
riage or on other occalions, which I find to
be the cafe, and has rendered their lineal and
collateral fucceflion more obfcure and diffi-
to purfue in a regular and fleady courfe,
from
J4 The- HISTORY of the
from the goings out of fo many feveral bran-
ches from this growing family, as I have met
with in the long fpace of time from the con-
queft to the prefent time.
However, I have, I prefume, reduced and
connected together as well the collateral as
the direct line of this fpreading houfe, from
the aforefaid William Lord of Stanley, to Sir
Rowland Stanley of Hooton in Wirral, in
the county of Chefler ; wherein I have ufed
my bed endeavours to be. as con-eft as pof-
fible, and flatter myfelf the reader will be fo
candid as to excufe and amend any errors,
iniftakes, or omiffions he may obferve in the
perufal of this .work.
William de Stanley, the firft Cord of Stone-
ley, in the county of Stafford, in virtue of the
aforefaid exchange, is * recorded (for hif-
tory is filent therein) to have had a fon nam-
ed William, by Joanna Stanley of Stafford,
who fucceeded his father William in the feat
and manor of Stanley, and part of Balterley,
jvith their appurtenances.
William
* Herald's Office, Chefler.
.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 15
William Stanley the feeond, and fon of the
above William, is alfo recorded to have been
Lord of Stanley, and to have had iffue a fon
named William ; but by whom' hiftory and
record are both filent, being very obfcure and.
defective in thofe early times.
William the third, and fon of the above
William, is (tiled * Milite or Knight, and is
recorded to have had iffue two fons, viz. John
and Adam, . but by whom hiftory avS well as
record are flill filent ; neither do I find that
John the elder fon ever poffeffed the eftate of
Stanley, but died without iffue, and that
Adam the younger fon fucceeded his father
Sir William, in the honour and eftate, as is
fully manifefted hereafter.
f Adam, the fon of Sir William, and fourth
Lord of Stanley, _is ftiled Sir Adam de Stan-
ley, Filius William de Stanley Milite, et Pater
William de Stanley, and is recorded to have
had a fon named William, but by whom
hiftory and record are ftill filent. on that
head.
WilHai
* Herald's Office, Cheficr.' + Same C
i6 The HISTORY of the
* William, the fon of Adam, and fiftk
Lord of Stanley, is ftiled William de Stanley,
in the county of Stafford, Dom. de Stanley,
et Dom. de Stourton, in the county of Chefter,
et Forefturas Forefta, or chief ranger of the
foreft of Wirral, by the grant of the tenth
of King Edward II. 1316, who alfo gave him
three bucks' heads for his arms or bearing.
He married Joanna or Jane, the eldefl
daughter and one ofthecoheirs of SirThomas
Bamvill, by Agnes his wife, one of the daugh-
ters and coheirs of Sir Alexander Sylvefter,
Lord of Stourton (from whom Mr. Camb-
den fays, the Stanleys derive themfelves, viz.
page 560, that Hooton is a manor which in
,King Richard the Second's time fell to the
Stanleys, who derive them from Allen Syl-
vefter) but this is a grofs miftake, as well from
the account above given, as his own former
writing, wherein he fixes the original of the
Stanleys, at Stoneley, in the county of
Stafford.
Sir Alexander Sylvefter was the fon oft
Ranulph Sylvefter, and Ranulph was the fon
of
* Herald's OSce, Ctefter. * f Same Office^
HOUSE of STANLEY. 17
of Allen Sylvefter, (leward to Ranulph the
third, Earl of Chefter, who gave him for his
feat the manor of Stourton, with the bailiwick
of W r irral, and the government of the foreft
there, and inverted him therein by the delivery
of a hunting horn, with certain fees and
perquifites thereto annexed, to wit, among
others, that he mould blow, or caule to be
blown that horn, at Glover-ftonc, near Chef-
ter, on every Chefter-fair-day, in token that
the tolls or duties payable for all goods bought
or fold in that place during the time of the
fair, belonged to him, as a place of privilege
to him and all his tenants there, exempt from
the jurifdiclion of the city ; which horn is
now preferved at Hooton, by the Family of
Stanley, the defcendants of the faid Jane
Bamvill and Sir William Stanley, who by the
faid Jane had iffue two fons, viz. John and
Adam, and one daughter, named Sarah de
Stanley, who married Roger the fon of Roger
de Haufket ; and Adam the younger brother
appears to have died young and without
iffue ; for I meet with no farther notice of
him ; but John the elder fucceeded his father
Sir William.
D John,
Sir WillianirfKhe fon of John, and feventh
heir male of this fpreading houfe, is (liled
William de Stanley, fenior, Lord qf Stanley
and Stourton, and the twenty-fixth of King
Edward III. 1375, he married Mary the
daughter of Hugh Mafley, of Timperley, in
the county of Chefter, and fifter to Sir Hamon
Maffey, of Dunham-Mafley, by whom he had
iflue two fons, viz. William and John.
Of John the fecond fon, afterwards Sir
John Stanley, we have herein much to ob-
ferve, but (hall refpite for the prefent, and
proceed with the direft line, and then return
to every collateral branch.
Si:- William, the elder brother of John, by
Mary Mafley, was the eighth heir of this
houfe, and fucceeded his father Sir William.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 19
in honouiwand eftate ; and the tenth of Rich-
ard II. he married Margery the only daugh-
ter of William de Hooton, of Hooton, in the
hundred of Wirral, and county of Chefler ;
and by her had iflue a fon, named William,
who is ftiled Lord of Stanley, Stourton and
Hooton, and grand ranger of Wirral, in the
county of Chefter.
Sir William the fon of the aforefaid Sir
William, was the nintfi heir male of this ho-
nourable houfe, and fucceeded his father in
honour and eftate ; and the fourth of Henry
VI. he married Margery the daughter of Sir
John Ardern of Hardin, by whom he had
iflue two fons, William and John.
John the younger fori married to the heirefs
of Grefwithen, in the county of Cumberland,
from whom are defcended the Stanleys of
Delegarth and Arnaby in that county, whom
we (hall herein further defcribe in due place.
Sir William, father of the faid William
and John, by Mrs. Ardern, was the firft that
removed from the old feat of Stanley in the
county of Stafford, to Hooton, in the hundred
D 2 of
20 The HISTORY of the
of Wirral and county of Chefter, who, for the
enlargement and conveniency of his houfe,
and better accommodation of his family, ob-
tained licence from King Henry VI. to build
a turret or tower at his feat' of Hooton, with
embattled walls.
Viz. Hide Gulielmo de Stanley, milite, Rex
Henricus fextus, dedit Licentiam corjtru-
endi et edificandi Turrum, apud Manenum
fuum de Hooton in Wirral, per Literasjuas
Patenus. Datus anno regni fuo J'ecundo.
Which houfe and tower are now {landing,
to which Sir William, the elder brother of
John fucceeded, and was the tenth heir male
of his family ; and the feventeenth of Henry
VI. he married to Alice the daughter of
Richard Houghton (as I conceive of Lanca-
fliire) and by her had iffue a fon named
William.
Sir William, the fon of the above William
by Mrs. Houghton, fucceeded his father Sir
William, and was the eleventh male heir in
a. dire6l line ; he married to one of the daugh-
ters of John Savage of Clifton, Efq. and by.
her
m
HOUSE of STANLEY. 2 i
her had iffue two fons, John and William.
I cannot difcover that John the elder was
ever married, but rather that he died young
and without iffue : But,
Sir William, the fecond fon of the above
Sir William by Mrs. Savage, fucceeded his
father as twelfth heir male of his family.
He was ftiled fenior, and married to his firfl
wife, Margaret the daughter of John Brom-
ley, Efq. by whom he had a daughter, who
married to Gerrard of Brinn, in the county of
Lancafter ; and Margaret his wife dying, he
married to his fecond wife Agnes, the daugh-
ter of Robert Grofvenor of Hulme, Efq. by
whom he had a fon named William.
Sir William his fon by Mrs. Grofvenor,
fucceeded his father as thirteenth heir male
of his family. He married Ann, the daugh-
ter of Sir James Harrington, of the county
of Lancafter, Knight ; and by her had iffue
Catherine, William, Peter, John and Agnes.
Peter the fecond fon married Elizabeth,
the daughter and heir of James Scarefbrick,
of Moor-hall, in Bickerftaff, by Margaret
his
,2% The HISTORY of the
his wife, the only daughter and heir of Tho-
mas Atherton of Bickerftaff, which fhall be
further fpoken of hereafter.
How Catharine, John and Agnes were dif-
pofed of, hiftory does not inform us, farther
than that Sir William, the fon of the above
Sir William, by Ann Harrington, fucceeded
his father, and was the fourteenth heir male
of his family, and is ftiled Sir W r illiam Stan-
ley de Hooton. He married Grace, the
fourth daughter of Sir \Villiam Griffith,
Chamberlain of North Wales, and by her had
iffue two fons, William and Rowland. Wil-
liam died in his father's liie-time without
iflue, and in his government of the Hie of
Man, 1545; and Sir Rowland, his brother,
fucceeded his father Sir William, in honour
and eftate, being the fifteenth heir male of
this noble Houfe, by the ftile of Sir Row-
land Stanley, of Hooton. He married to
his wife, Margaret, the daughter and heir of
Hugh Alderfey, of Chefter, Efq. and by
her had iffue a fon, named William ; but (he
dying in 1607, he married to his fecond wife,
Urfula, the fecond daughter and one of the
coheirs of Thomas Smith, of the city of
Chefter.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 23
Chefter, Efq. but by her had no ifTue; this
Sir Rowland was created a baronet in the
Year 1661. And
Sir William, the Son of Sir Rowland,
by Mrs. Alderfey, was the fixteenth heir
male in fucceffion, and married to his wife,
one of the daughters of John Egerton, of
Egerton, Efq. and by her had iffue a fon,
named William.
Sir William, the fon of flie above Sir
William, by Mrs. Egerton, was the feven-
teenth heir male that fucceeded his father
in honour and eftate, and married to his wife,
Alice, the daughter of Richard Hugh (or.
Hughes) Efq. and fitter and heir to Henry
Hughes, and by her had iffue a fon, named
Rowland, with feveral other children ; but
how they were difpofed of I cannot difcover,
further than that Sir Rowland, the fon of
the aforefaid Si%Williarn, by Mrs. Hughes,
was the eighteenth heir male that fucceeded
his father, by the title of Sir Rowland Stan-
ley, of Hooton. He married to his wife,
Anne, the daughter of Clement Pafton, of
Barninghara, in the county of Norfolk, Efq.
L bv
24 The HISTORY of the
by whom he had iflue Mary, who married to
Charles Harrington, of Huyton-Hey, in the
county of Lancafter, Efq. alfo Anne, Char-
lotte, William, Rowland, Dorothy, Eliza-
beth, Winefrid, Catharine and Agnes. Ca-
tharine married to Robert Blundell, of Ince-
Blundell, in the county of Lancafter, Efq.
how the reft where difpofed of, I am not
further informed ; but that William, his firft
fon, fucceeded him by the title of Sir William
Stanley of Hooton, fon of Sir Rowland
Stanley, and the nineteenth heir male of his
family. : he married Catharine, the daugh-
ter of Rowland Ay res, of Haftbp, or Ar-
fop, in the county of Derby, Efq. by whom
he had iflue Rowland, William and Eliza-
beth who died young, John, Henry, Ann,
Thomas, (who takes the name of MaffeyJ
Charles and James.
Sir Rowland, the eldeft fon of Sir William,
by Mrs. Ayres, and twentieth heir male of
this ancient and honourable houfe, being
pofTefted of the honour and eftate of his fa-
mily, which he enjoyed with much be-
coming magnificence and liberality (the
characlenftic of that antient houfe ; whofe
hofpitality
HOUSE of STANLEY. 25
hofpitality was well known amongft the poor
and neceffitous) as his anceflors had done
before him. At his death the diflreffed loft
a benevolent friend, and the world a pattern
of every Chriftian virtue.
Thus having, for the prefent, brought
down the genealogical defcent and fucceflion
of this antient and mod worthy houfe, in a di-
recl: line (with fome mention of the colateral
branches) from Henry Stanley of Stoneley,
who lived at the coming in of William Duke
of Normandy to this kingdom, in the year
1066, being above feven hundred years; and
having, we perfume, been correct therein ;
we doubt not but this honourable Houfe may
juftly challenge the firft rank for antiquity
and lineal defent, from father to fon, with
moft houfes in England.
Give us leave now to return to John Stan-
ley, Efqr. afterwards Sir John Stanley, who
married Ifabel, the only daughter and lieirefs
of Sir Thomas Latham, of Latham, in the
county of Lancafter; and from him bring
down the iflue and defendants of that co-
lateral branch, as promifed, to the death of
3 E James
26 The HISTORY of the
James late Lord Strange, which happened
on the firft day of June, 1771 ; wherein
I flatter myfelf, the reader will meet with as
great variety of hiftory, and as many emi-
nent, valiant, and heroic actions and per-
formances as moft, if not any family in Eng-
land can boaft of; fo that we may juftly ob-
ferve, that, for antiquity, loyalty and bra^
very, few or none may compare therewith.
John Stanley Efq. now to be treated of,
was the fecond fon of Sir William Stanley,
and Mary Mafley of Timperley, as in the
pedigree before noted. He was born about
the twenty-feventh year of Edward III. and
had, for his patrimony, the old feat of New-
ton, in the hundred of Macclesfield, in the
county of Chefter.
This brave and valiant gentleman, was one
of the Captains under the command of his
relation James Lord Audley, at the famous
battle of Poiftiers in France, which was
fought on the igth day of September, 1357,
by Edward the Black Prince, fon to King
Edward III. wherein John, King of France,
was
HOUSE of STANLEY. 27
was taken prifoner, and brought captive to
England.
Soon after this memorable viclory, a truce
betwixt England and France was agreed up-
on for two years, during which interval of
public aftion, Mr. Stanley, being of a mar-
tial genius, and intent to improve himfelf in
the art of war, vifited moft of the courts in
Europe, even as far as Constantinople ;
wherein he made fuch advances in the fchool
of Mars, that his fuperior (kill in arms was
generally applauded in every country he paf-
fed through; infomuch that the fame there-
of gave him the character of the moft noted
champion in (ingle combat of that age;
and on his return back through France, the
reputation of his bravery fo raifed the pride
and envy of a haughty French combatant,
that he followed Mr. Stanley to England, and
there challenged the whole nation to produce
a perfon to engage him in arms.
Which being made known to Mr. Stanley,
he accepted the challenge; and the time and
place of aftion (by the King's direction) was
to be at Winchefter, under thfc walls of
E 2 which
28 The HISTORY of the
which city he fought and killed him, in the
prefence of his Majefty, and a numerous
crowd of fpeclators.
This public and gallant action caufed
King Edward to take great notice of him,
and as a reward for his bravery, honoured
him with knighthood ; which raifed his re-
putation all over Europe, and no doubt
gained him the fecret good wi fhes of all the
fair-fex prefent; amongft whom was the
heirefs of Latham ; beautiful, young, and
rich, which caufed her to be envied of her
own fex ; but admired by the lovers of real
beauty, virtue and merit.
Sir John (for we muft now honour him
with that title) declared himfelf her cham-
pion and humble fervant; and after fome
time of addrefs, gained an entire conqueft
of her and all her favours, by an honoura-
ble marriage, though with the unwilling
.confent of her father, whofe reafons will
be particularized hereafter. In the interim,
let us leave Sir John in purfuit of his ho-
nours and amours, in which the reader (hall
be fully informed.
With
HOUSE of STANLEY. 29
With regard to his honour, fome time
after his encounter with, and viclory over
the afpiring French combatant, King Ed-
ward the Third died, and King Richard the
Second was advanced to the throne; who,
in the firfl year of his reign, honoured Sir
John Stanley with a commiffion to Ireland,
to aflift in the total reduction of that kingdom.
Wherein, by his prudence and good ma-
nagement, he had fuch fucceis, that on
King Richard's coming there in perfon, in
the year 1379, he brought the great O'Neal,
King of UHler; Rotheric O'Connor, King
of Connaught ; O'Carrol, King of Uriel ;
O'Rorick, King of Meath; Arthur Mc'Mur,
King of Leinfter; and O'Brian, King of
Thomond, before him, to make fubmiffion
and do homage to him, as their fovereign
King. And thus * Ireland was entirely fub-
dued to the crown of England, though
many rebellions have been feverely felt there
fince that time.
Who, in confideration and reward of the
great and eminent fervices performed by Sir
John
* Hiiiory of the Wars in Ireland.
go The HISTORY of the
John for his Majefty's honour and intereft,
granted to him by patent for life, the manor
and lands of Black-caftle, in that kingdom ;
and-, for the peace, good government, and
better fecurity thereof, continued him there
to the thirteenth year of his Reign, 1389; at
which time his majefly returned to Ireland,
and ftaid there all the winter, which gave
his coufin Henry Duke of Lancafter and
Hereford, (who had been banifhed by him
for fix years) an opportunity of returning to
England without his licence, or the full time
of his exile being expired.
This return of the Duke of Lancafter,
who was an enterprizing Prince, of high
fpirit, as well as blood, and of great power,
infomuch that it is faid, when he afcended
the throne of England, he was the richeft
fubjecl in Europe ; and that the crown was
more beholding to him, than he to the
crown. All which, of courfe, muft give
great anxiety and uneafinefs to the reigning
king, and the peace of the kingdom ; even
foreboding no lefs than a total fubveriion,
from fo powerful a rival, as it after fell out.
The great wealth of the Duke here fpoken
HOUSE of STANLEY. 31
bf, appears vifibly in our days, by the ex-
tenfive dutchy of Lancafter, which he took
care to feparate, and for ever diftinguifh
from the crown lands, by creeling Lanca-
fhire into a County Palatine, by the name
of the Dutchy and County Palatine of Lan-
cafter, (ficut Ceftria) annexing to it a court,
with a chancellor, attorney-general, council,
&c. for the care and prefer vation of all its
rights and privileges, with proper fubordinate
officers for that purpofe.
Wherefore the king being informed of this
difagreeable news, and the danger of his ma-
jelly's perfon, refolved to haften to England
and made preparation for that purpofe, by
appointing his trufty and faithful fubjecl: and
fervant, Sir John Stanley, Lord Chief Juftice
of Ireland for fix years ; with a grant to him
by patent for life (for fupporting his honour
and dignity) of one hundred marks a year,
payable out of his majefty's exchequer there.
And in the nineteenth vear of this king's
reign, 1395, he made Sir John Stanley con-
ftable of the caftle of Roxborrow, in Scot-
land, a poft of great hazard as well as truft,
being
3.3 The HISTORY of the
being furrounded with enemies on every fide,
which Sir John bravely repelled, with ho-
nour to his prince, and reputation to himfelf.
But the king his matter's affairs being in a
declining and doubtful ftate, and Henry of
Lancafter having raifed great forces againfl
him, and being joined by many of the nobi-
lity, made great progrefs every where, with-
out refiftance ; which at laft prevailed upon
King Richard to return to England, and
landed at Barklowly in Wales ; where being
informed that all the caftles, from the borders
of Scotland, to Briftol, were delivered to the
Duke of Lancafter, and that the army pro-
vided for his affiftance, (whom he had fent
before him for that purpofe) had, by his long
delay in coming over to them, moftly dif-
banded themfelves ; which fo difcouraged him,
that he fell into a deep defpair, and the next
night fecretly, with a few friends, left what
army remained, and retired to Conway-
caftle, in Wales ; where, with his friends,
confidering the defperate ftate he was re-
duced to. and how, in fome meafure to fup-
port himfelf, and retrieve his misfortunes,
among other expedients he recalled Sir John
Stanley
HOUSE of STANLEY. 33
Stanley from Scotland, to return to his go-
vernment of Ireland, to fecure that king-
dom in his majefty's intereft ; who being in-
formed that the king was then in Conway-
caftle, took that in his way, to receive his
majefty's commands, whom he found in a
miferable and defpairing condition ; forfaken
by his friends and foldiery, and the Duke of
Lancafter near him with a powerful army ;
all predicting no lefs than a fudden revolu-
tion ; which Sir John Stanley wifely fore-
feeing, paid a private vifit to the Duke of
Lancafter, and reconciled himfelf to him ;
and then, agreeable to his duty to the prefent
king, proceeded to Ireland, to preferve the
peace of that kingdom for his majefty's fer-
vice.
The next ftep made by the king, was
calling a * Parliament to meet at Weftmin-
fter, on the feventeenth day of September,
from whom he hoped for affiftance and relief
in his prefent diftreffed circumftances.
Reprefenting to them by Sir John Buihie,
that the occafion of their meeting was, to
2 F lay
* Cainb. Brit, page 1^38, 14.99 and 1503.
The HISTORY of the
lay before them the many grievances and
fevere ufage he had met with from the Lords ;
and alfo their harfh and unkind treatment of
the Queen Confort ; and that he had called
them together for redrefs thereof, and the
reformation of many tranfgreffions againft
the peace of the land, that the offenders
therein might be punifhed according to their
deferts.
But this declaration was fo far from an-
fwering the king s expectation, that the Duke
of Lancafter and his friends found means to
ieize his perfon, convey him to * Weftmin-
fter, and the next day to the Tower of
London.
Soon after this a Parliament was called
by the Duke of Lancafter, but in King
Richard's name-; in which many articles of
mifgovernment were laid to his charge, and
thirty-three articles drawn up and exhibited
sgainft him ; upon reading which, he was
by the Parliament depofed ; but was advifed
. by thofe about him, rather to refign the go-
vernment in a voluntary manner, than be
forced
* The Hift. of King Richard's reign,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 35
forced to it by compulfion ; wherewith he
complied on the twentieth day of September,
130,0, ; where it may be truly obferved, that
this king loft his crown more by his own
neglect or indolence, than by the treafon of
any of his fubjecls.
After this refignation, and fer.tence of
depofition, being openly read in parliament,
Henry Duke of Lancafter was elected king; ^
and on the thirteenth day of Oclober fol- '[
lowing, was crowned king at Weftminfler,
by the Archbifhop of Canterbury, by the
r,aie, ftile and title of King Henry IV.
Upon this king's acceflion to the throne,
Sir John Stanley being ftill Lord Juftice of
Ireland, and holding the government thereof
in favour of the depofed King Richard,
King Henry well knowing his very great
power and intereft in that kingdom, and his
fuperior (kill and experience, as well in the
fenate, as in the field ; thought, for his in-
tereft and fafety, to receive him into his fa-
vour, and a fignal token thereof, granted to
him and his heirs for ever, bt his letters
patent, dated at Weftminfter :\ie firfl.
F 2 ' Tanuarv.
36 The HISTORY of ike
January following, the manor of Byuftra in
Wirral, and county of Chefter, together
with Sangham, Sangham-malfey, Moreton,
Fourd, and NeiTon ; alfo feveral mefluages,
lands, rents, and fervices in Neflon, Raby,
Leadfholm, Mollington, Torret, Chefter,
Claverton, Neither-Bebington and Lea, near
Bardngton ; with the advowfon of the
parifh church of the Holy Trinity, in the
city of Chefter ; which advowfon is flill with
his fuccefibr the prefent noble EARL of
DERBY : but all the lands were fequeftered
and fold (fave Upton) in the time of the
unhappy ufurpation. ,
And in the rear 1400, the king for his
rnqft eminent fervices in the prefervation of
the peace of the kingdom, continued him
there, and by . commiffion appointed him
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland for fix years.
But the king's enemies began now to
(hew themfelvcs openly, and formed feveral
plots, not only to difiurb his peaceable pof-
fcffion of the throne, but even to cut him off:
panicularly one contrived by the Abbot of
x v'cft minfler, who was a kind of book-ftatef-
rnan.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 37
man (better read in the politics of Ariftotle,
than thofe of Solomon) and remembering
fome words fpoken by King Henry, when he
was but EARL of DERBY; that is, "That
Princes had too little, and the religious too
much ;" and fearing now he was king he
might reduce his words into actions, thought
it belter to ufe preventing-phyfic, than
{land the hazard of an after-cure.
Wherefore, the better to perpetrate and
effe6l his fludied treafon and rebelion, he in-
vited to his houfe the mod factious and pow-
erful of his party, viz. * John Holland,
Duke of Exeter ; Thomas Holland, Duke
of Surrey ; John Montague, Earl of Salif-
bury ; Hugh Spencer, Earl of Glocefter ;
John Bifhop of Carlifle ; Sir Thomas Blunt,
and Maudlin, chaplain to King Richard;
who after fome conference, refolved to take
away the King's life. But this impious plot
was happily difcovered in the nick of time,
and the confpirators, or moO; of them execu-
ted, when taken. And here it may not be
improper to remark with a learned author.
**" That he never knew a plot in his life, but
either
* Hiflory of Henry IV.
3 8 The HISTORY of the
either a prieft or a women, or both, had a
hand in it."
And now the hot Englifh blood was no
fooner cooled by the above executions, but
the Welfh boiled up to a high ferment, by
the. inftigation of one Owen Glendour, an
Efquire of Wales, brought up at the inns of
court in London (a man of a fiery and af.
piring temper) who endeavoured to draw his
countrymen the old Britons into a general
rebellion againft King Henry; and to en-
courage them therein, infmuated, that this
was the critical time to effeft his and their
liberty, from the Englifh yoke: for that
a new confplracy was formed againft King
Henry by the Piercys, Earls of Northum-
berland and Worcefter, with Henry Hotfpur,
and other perfons of great power, by whofe
affiftance they could hardly fail of becoming
a free people once more, under their own
Princes; by which they were fo effefted, that
a triple leauge ofFenfive and defenfive, was
entered into by Glandour, the Piercys, and
the Earl of March, under their hands and
ieals ; whereby it was agreed, that all Eng-
land and Wales fhould be divided into
three
HOUSE of STANLEY. 39
three parts; the firfl from Severn and Trent
fouth and eaftward, to be the portion allot-
ted to the Earl of March: fecondly, all
Wales and the lands beyond Severn, weft-
ward, to be the lot of Owen Glendour : and
thirdly, all the remainder of the land from
Trent, northward, to belong to, or be the
Lord Piercys.
Upon this conclufion, the Piercys being
joined by a large body of Scotch and draw-
ing to their party the Earls of Stafford and
Scroop, the Archbifhop of York, with ma-
ny others of great power, purpofed to join
the Welfh captain, Owen Glandour, and his
Welfh forces.
This formidable confpiracy and powerful
preparation, might well give the King great
uneafmefs, and engage him to procure all
poiTrble aJIiftance from his friends and allies;
amongft whom he called Sir John Stanley,
from the government of Ireland; who, on
his leav^ig that kingdom, appointed his
brother, Sir William Stanley, then Lord
of Stanley, Stourton and Hooton, his de-
puty ; and on his arrival at court, was im-
mediately
40 The HISTORY of the
mediately appointed fteward of the king's
houlhold, and by his advice and affiftance,
the * king raifed a formidable army, which
he headed himfelf, with his fon and Sir John
under him, and with them marched againft
the rebels ; but took fpecial care they might
not be joined by the Welfh ; and near
Shrewsbury met and engaged the enemy.
The fight was very furious on both fides ;
and though the Scots and the Earl of Nor-
thumberland behaved with the greatefl bra-
very, yet victory relied on the king's fide ;
wherein Sir John Stanley, by his known
courage (which was eminently diftinguiihed
on this critical occafion) and prudent con-
duel:, contributed not a little.
The Earl off Northumberland was flain
in the field ; the Earl of Worcefter taken
prifoner and beheaded ; and of the other
Officers and Soldiers 6oco were flain in
the field of battle. Upon this fignal vic-
tory, the King caufed public thanks to
be given to Almighty GOD.
And
ry of Henry IV. f B 7 the Rebellion of this Earl,
the Ifie of Man was forfeited to King Henry.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 41
And for the fuppreflion of Owen Glen-
dour and his party, the King fent his fon
Henry, Prince of Wales, into that country
with his whole army ; but before their
arrival there, upon notice of the king's
victory over Northumberland, Owen Glen-
dour was abandoned by all his followers;
and lurking in the woods and mountains,
was there ilarved', and famifhed to death.
Thus the king was, by the wifdom a/id
good conduct of himfelf and officers, and
the valour and bravery of his troops, hap-
pily delivered from the power and malice
of all his rebellious fubjects in this quarter.
But being informed that the city, caftle,
and precincts of York, ftill held out for
the late King Richard, then a prifoner in
Pomfret-caftle, he gave commiflion to Six-
John Stanley and Roger de Leke, to
march with the army thither, and reduce
that place to his obedience, and feize it for
his ufe ; which they accordingly effected.
And the Ifle of Man beirig by Northum-
berland's late rebellion, forfeited to the king,
2 G he
i- The HISTORY of the
he called Sir William Stanley from the go-
vernment of Ireland, and gave him commif-
fion, with a proper force of men and fhips,
to feize that ifland to his majefty's ufe, which
he completed; and Sir John Stanley's pre-
fence with the King being of the utmoft
confequence, his majefly appointed his youn-
ger fon, Thomas Earl of. Lancafter, Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, who landed at Car-
lingford, in that kingdom, the fecond of
Auguft, 1405 ; and for his better afliftance,
appointed Sir John Stanley, Attorney-general
to that prince.
The year following, 1406, Sir John ob-
tained a licence from his majeily, to fortify
a fpacious houfe he was then building at
Liverpool, with embattled walls ; which,
-when finifhed, he called the Tower ; being,
ever fince, well known by that name, and
is now (landing in good order.
The Ifle of Man being now feized into
the King's hands by Sir William Stanley,
.Sir John, in the fame year, obtained a grant
thereof by patent for life; but in the month
of October following fuch grant, the King
and
HOUSE of STANLEY. 43
and Sir John came to a new agreement ;
whereby Sir John was to furrender to his
majefty, the faid grant of the Ifle of Man
for life; likewife his two patents for life, of
the manor of Black-caftle in Ireland, and
the annual annuity of one hundred marks,
payable to him out of his majefty's exche-
quer in Ireland.
On the fixth of April, 1407, Sir John
delivered up the faid patents, to be cancelled
in the chancery of England ; in confidera-
tion whereof, the king re-granted the Ifle
of Man to Sir John Stanley and his heirs
for ever, with all the royalties and franchifes
thereto belonging, together with the patron-
age of the bifhopric there, under the ftile
and title of KING of MAN, in as full and
ample manner as it had been granted to any
former lords thereof.
The grant to be held of the crown of
England (per homagium legium) and pay-
ing to the king, his heirs and fuccefTors, a
caft of Falcons at their coronation. After
fuch homage made, and carrying the Lan-
cafter fword on the left-fide of the king at
G 2 every
44 The HISTORY of the
every coronation, in full of all duties, de-
mands and fervices whatfoever.
In the tenth year of this king's reign, he
appointed Sir John Stanley, Conftable of
Windfor-caftle, and Knight of the moft no-
ble Order of the Garter, and continued him
in his royal efteem and favour during the re-
remainder of his life, which happened in the
'year of our Lord, 1413, and the thirteenth
year of his reign.
He was fucceeded in the throne, by his
moft martial and heroic fon, Henry, Prince
of Wales, by the flile and title of King
Henry V. with whom Sir John Stanley was
in fuch high efteem, that in the firft year of
v his reign, he appointed him Lord Lieutenant
of Ireland for fix years, as his father had
done ; and on the feventh of O61ober that
year, he landed near Dublin ; but on the
fixth of January following, he died at Ardee,
to the great grief of the family, and the lofs
of the nation, in fo eminent and ufeful a
fubject.
By this gentleman's death, the king and
country
HOUSE of STANLEY. 45
country were deprived of one of the moft
valuable members of fociety and public
fpirit : who, through four kings' reign, had
made as great a figure, and acquired as
much honour, as any of his contemporancs
in the Britifh nation.
Agreeable to the character given him by
the learned author of the book of Dunmow,
that is, That his youth and martial fpirit,
gave him thofe fine qualities which compofe
a complete gentleman, a brave and generous
herp, an accomplifhed courtier, and a lover
of his king and country He was a profound
ftatefman, a wife and juft patriot, and an
honeft politician. In fhort he was
Vir illujiris in concilio,
Strenuus in omni prdio ;
Princeps Militcz in Anglia,
Et in omni reguo Qrnatijfimus.
His arms or bearings were thofe of his fa-
mily : three {lags' heads, together with thofe
of the Latham family, into which he mar-
ried.
He
4 6 The HISTORY of the
He married Ifabel the only daughter of
Sir Thomas Latham, of Latham, in the
county of Lancafter ; and, (as near as 1 can
collect) about the time of his being appointed
Lord Juftice of Ireland, by Richard II. By
her he had ifTue two fons, John and Thomas,
and one daughter named Alice. She married
to her firft hufband Sir Thomas Dutton, of
Button, who died in the year 1431 ; and to
her fecond hufband, Sir John Wotton.
Thomas the younger fon married to the
daughter and heirefs of Sir John Arden, of
Elford, in the county of Stafford : and John
the elder fon fucceeded his father, by the
title of John Stanley, Efq. the fon of Sir John,
who may be juftly efteemed the common
father of the EARLS of DERBY; for from
him they all fprung, as at large hereafter.
In the interim, before we enter into farther
hiftory of them, give me leave, by a mort di-
greffion, to give the reader the antiquity and
genealogy of the houfe of Latham ; as it will
not only afford us a clearer hiftory of the
feveral worthy families, the Houfe of Stanley
intermarried with, but will clear up, and il-
luftrate, many occurrences yet unknown to
the
HOUSE of STANLEY. 47
the world, and be of ufe and ple.afure to the
reader.
The firft of the ancient houfe of Latham
I meet with in record (for hiftory is filent in
that point) is fliled Sir Henry de Latham,
of Latham, in the county of Lancafler.
This gentleman lived at, or rather fome
time before the conqueft ; but who ihe mar-
ried I cannot difcover ; but record is clear
that at his death he left a fon and heir, (tiled
Sir Robert Latham, knight, fon of Henry.
T
This Sir Robert Latham, was a very emi-
nent perfon, and recorded to be the founder
of Burfcough-abbey near Latham ; and alfo
to have held of the Lord of Widnefs, in the
county of Lancafler, under the fee of * Hal-
ton, in the county of Chefter, the manors of
Knowfley, Huyton, Roby, and Torbuck, on
payment of a certain rent, and knight's fer-
vice, of which more fully hereafter. At his
death he was fucceeded by his fon and heir,
(tiled alfo Sir Robert Latham,
Of
* Records of Halton in Cheshire.
48 The HISTORY of the
J
Of this fecond Sir Robert. I have little to
remark, but that he fucceeded his father in
honour and eftare, and that he died in the
year 1266, and left a fon and heir fliled Sir
Robert Latham, fon of Sir Robert.
Sir Robert Latham, the fon, and the third
of that name, fucceeded his father Sir Robert;
but of him little is recorded more than that
he died in the year 1324, and left a fon and
heir named Thomas, but by whom is not faid.
This Sir Thomas Latham- I find by re-
cord, married the fifteenth of Edward III.
the ypungeft daughter of Sir Hamon Mafley,
of Dunham- mafley, in the county of Chefter,
and by her had iflue one only daughter,
whom he named Ifabel ; of whom, and her
pofterity, we have much to obferve ; but
having defcribed and brought down the male
line of her family of Latham, we (hall next
proceed to her and her iflue by Sir John
Stanley.
Ifabel, now Lady Stanley, widow, did, on
the death of Sir John her hufband, return
with her children from Ireland to Liverpool,
and
HOUSE of STANLEY, 49
and lived in the houfe ere6led there by Sir
John, called the tower, the fcite whereof
was given to him by her father, and contains
about 650 fquare yards, or 33230 feet; to-
gether with feveral other bargage houfes and
lands in that town, fometime after her mar-
riage ; which was not agreeable to her father;
who was in all refpefts qualified to recom-
mend her, by a fortune equal to any addreffes
made her, of which (lie had many fuperior in
Worldly fortune, to Sir John.
But fortune herfelf largely (liared her fa-
vours to him, with a liberal hand, in the gifts
of riches, honour, and dignities, which at
this time had their proper influence with her
father Sir Thomas ; who, by all the accounts
I have feen of this affair, intended a plentiful
proviiion for her, but not the grofs of his
large poffeflions ; as will more fully appear
in the following narrative.
Sir Thomas Latham lived in the reign of
King Edward III. and he and his lady being
highly advanced in years, without any 'other
iffue than the above Lady Stanley ; and he
being defirous of male iflue (even when he
3 H was
The HISTORY of the
was a child) but defpairing thereof, by hia
own lady, had a love intrigue with a young
gentlewoman of his acquaintance, whom he
kept concealed in a houfe of retirement near
him, until fhe bore him a fon, which accord-
ingly happened ; but on due connderation,
there ftill remained fome matters of confe-
quence to be adjufled, for the future peace
and quiet of Sir Thomas's mind, and the
full completion of all his joys and wifhes on
this grand occafion.
The firfl of which was, how and in what
manner to publifli the birth of his young
fon, arid he not fo much as fufpe&ed to be
the real father of him.
And, in the next place, how to amufe and
fecure his lady from the pangs of a jealous
mind, and fecure her motherly care of the
young infant in fuch a manner, that he
might be nurfed and brought up in his own
houfe, free from all fufpicion or uneafinefs
betwixt them.
And, laftly, that he might, with the grea-
ter freedom and pleafure, overfee and ex-
tend
HOUSE of STANLEY. 51
tend his paternal beneficence to him by a&s
of charity, and thereby fcreen himfelf. from
the ill-natured reflections of an inquifitive
and cenforious world.
Wherefore, the better to effect thefe nice
and tender points, he had recourfe to a pious
cheat, by imparting the whole fecret to an
old and trufty fervant, in whom he could
confide; and confulted with him on the moft
likely and proper means to compafs his in-
tended projects..
After feveral fchemes and propofais on
both fides, they at laft hit upon the follow-
ing expedient, which they judged the mod,
probable to anfwer all Sir Thomas's ex-
pectations.
Wherein they had confidered, that, as an
Eagle frequently formed her neft in a large
thick wood, in the moft defolate part of his
park, where feldom any thing were feen but
guefts qualified for fuch a difmal habita-
tion ; therefore if the child was taken and
laid there, as if brought by the Eagle, it
H 2 might,
5 2 The HISTORY of the
might, on a pretended accidental difcovery,
complete the whole project.
Sir Thomas approving hereof, made ufe
of the event, and gave directions to the
mother to have the infant well fed, and rich-
ly dreft, early the next morning, at an hour
the fervant was to call- for it ; which being
done, and given to him, with inllruclions to
lay it at the foot of the tree the Eagle ufually
frequented, and to cover him fecretly from
all obfervation, that he might fee and guard
him from all outward injury, either from
bird or beaft of prey ; which he performed
with all imaginable privacy.
And here permit me, before I proceed
further on this head, to leave the child at
reft, for a while, in his new apartment;
and give the reader, by a fhort digreilion,
the old ftory of a child faid to be found in
an Eagle's neft at Latham, as tranfmitted ta
us from generation to generation; which
yuns in the following terms, viz.
That Sir Thomas Latham and his Lad\
taking their ufual walk in his park, drew
near
HOUSE of STANLEY. 53
near to the defert, and wild fituation, where
it was commonly reported an Eagle ufually
built her neft; and upon their near approach
thereof, heard the cries of a young child,
which they ordered the fervants attending to
look for, who, on fearch, reported it was in
the Eagle's neft, which they directed to be
taken down, and to their great furprize and
wonder, was, on examination, found to be
a male infant, drefled in rich fwadling
clothes: and they, having 'on male iflue,
looked upon this child as a prefent fent from
heaven, and that it could belio lefs than the
will of GOD, that they mould take him im-
mediately under their care and protection,
which they accordingly did, and had him
carefully nurfed and baptized, by the name
of Latham ; and (according to tradition) he
became pofleffed of that large eftate, and at
his death left an only daughter named Ifabel,
whom Sir John Stanley married; and in
memory of this event, took the Eagle and
Child for his creft, as fince ufed by his noble
fucceflbrs, the EARLS of DERBY.
Thus far goes the old tradition, which
on due examination and juft information,
54 The HISTORY of the
will appear to be meer fable and fi&ion, and
highly improbable, when compared with the
relation I (hall give of this uncommon tranf-
adion, from real fa6t.
Whoever knows anything of the nature
of Hawks in general, (of which the Eagle
is principal) mud of coniequence know
with what fury and violence they flrike
their prey, killing all they floop to at one
ftroke, or before they leave it; and know-
ing this, mud allow it morally impoffible,
that a bird of prey of that flrength and
rapacious nature that an Eagle is known
to be, fhould carry a live child to an airy
unhurt, which (he never attends but when
hatching or rearing her young, and then
tears all to pieces (lie intends for herfelf,
or them, as food; which they, while young,
are unable to do for themfelves.
Befides, would it not be flretching our
imagination to a great length, to fuppofe,
that a young child, drefled as this (as in the
tradition) is defcribed to be, mould be
left expofed in the open fields as a prey
to all voracious creatures, deflitue of
guard
HOUSE of STANLEY. 55
guard or care; which is not reafonable to
think, unlefs in time of plauge, famine, or
war, when fome thing like this might poffibly
occur, but none of thefe articles being al-
ledged in the cafe before us, nor any infant
known to be miffing, we may juftly conclude
the old (lory to be meer tradition, without
any juft foundation.
Wherefore, let us return to the babe we
left fleeping under the tree, where we may
fuppofe his father Sir Thomas took care he
{hould not lie long, by paying him an early
vifit ; and, on his arrival, found him awake,
and in need of afliftance, which he haftened
to give him, by a fpeedy return home, and
acquainted his lady and family with the
ftrange event, who haftened to view fuch a
miraculous difcovery ; which, to their no
final! furprife, filled them with the utmoft
confternation ; and unanimously agreed, that
the infant's prefervation, in fo difmal and
dangerous a fituation,. could be no lefs than
a miracle ; and upon finding it to be a male
child (which was wanting in the family) the
good old lady was enamoured with him, and
concluded it to be the will of heaven, that
they
."
5 6 The HISTORY of the
they fiiould adopt him for their fon and
heir; which was readily agreed to by his
father.
And this being a time of the day when
fuperftition and bigotry prevailed more than
truth and reafon, Sir Thomas had little more
to do, than to gild over this .pious fraud in
the moft plaufible manner, and to raife and
encourage his ladie's imagination and credu-
lity to the higheft degree, as an effectual
means to accbmplifh his defign.
Which he further promoted, by addredmg
himfelf to the good old lady in the follow-
ing terms : That they having no male iflue,
and he poffeffed of an extenfive patrimony,
was unwilling it fhould pafs into the hands
of {hangers to his name and blood, (tho' by
the marriage of his daughter if (he ftiould fo
long live) that he looked upon this child fo
wonderfully preferved, as the gift of GOD
to him, and that it could be no lefs than the
will of heaven that he mould take this defo-
late inhmt into his care and prote&ion. The
good naturedlady, in pity and companion, as
well as charity, agreed to her hulband's pro-
pofal ;
HOUSE of STANLEY. 57
pofal ; and had the infant carried home, nurfed
and brought up with the fame care and
tendernefs, as if (he had been his natural
mother.
And Sir Thomas feconding and improv-
ing the occafion, had him baptized by the
name of Ofkatel de Latham; a fecret then
unknown to any but himfelf and the mo-
ther, whofe name was Mary Ofkatel : and
thus far Sir Thomas had, to his great plea-
fure and fatisfaclion, completed his projecl.
But, to give the greater fanclion to this
fuppofed miracle, and to remove all fufpi-
cion of fraud, Sir Thomas affumed for
his creft an Eagle upon wing, turning her
head back, and looking in a fprightly man-
ner as for fomething (he had loft, or was
taken from her.
This hiftory, of the faid Ofkatel, and his
pofterity, was fent me by the fame kind
hand, Captain Samuel ,Finney of Fulfhaw,
in the county of Chefter, Efq ; but of thefe
articles, more at large hereafter*
3 '.I
, 5 8 The HISTORY of the
In the interim, give me leave to make
foroe remarks of crefls in general, and of
this here fpoken of, and that ufed by the
EARLS of DERBY, in particular; and there-
by (hew how apt the allufion is to the origin
of the family I am to fpeak of, and how a-
greeably confident with the hiflory of the
crefl ufed by the noble Family above menti-
oned, concering the origin and occafion
whereof fo many fpeculations, difputes, and
various opinions have been advanced by the
curious in their hiftories of arms and crefts.
Crefts to our gentry's arms, (as I have
oblerved from all antiquity) have been affu-
med by them at pleafure, and agreeable al-
lufions appropriated thereto ; and ancient
*nedals, fignals, ftatues, infcriptions and
paintings, are the fureft guides to a right
knowledge of antiquity, as thefe ferve to
clofe up the many chafms that are frequent-
ly met with, both in the literal and traditio-
nal accounts of the ancients.
So truly without thefe helps, our ideas
and conceptions rnuft be lame, confufed,
and imperfecl; this, in my opinion, has
occafloned
HOUSE of STANLEY. 59
occafioned the many conjeclural accounts
that the world has received as fafts, for
want of proper keys to unlock and expofe to
light the dark cells of antiquity.
The Eagle, as reprefented in the Stanley's
Creft, has actually made a prey of the
child; whereas Sir Thomas Latham's Creft
implies a miraculous prefervation of it ; as
the child is fuppofed to be brought there
by that bird of prey, fo confequently its
fafety would be attributed to an extraordina-
ry providential difpenfation.
Betides, I cannot find with any {hew oi:
probability, that any of the Family of Stan-
ley (of which I have given a particular
genealogy) ever affumed the Eagle and
Child for their creft before the union of
the families of Latham and Stanley ; fo
that confequently, there muft be fome fpe-
cial and peculiar view or occafion for the
aftumption of that creft by the Stanley's,
rather than that taken by their common
anceftor, Sir Thomas Latham, which I (hall
endeavour to manifeft herein, although there
remains no room with me to doubt the
I 2 veracitv
6o The HISTORY of the
veracity of what I have delivered on that
head ; but fhall refpite that for a while, and
proceed to enquire how it fared with the
Foundling Oikatel, whom we left under the
care of his kind nurfing-mother, the /Lady
of Latham.
As he grew in years, he was, as my * au-
thor tells us, liberally educated by his fa-
ther ; and when grown a man, made a com-
plete gentleman, being refpeded and efteem-
ed by all that knew him, as heir to the ex-
tenfive inheritance of Latham, and was with
his filter Ifabel, at the famous tournament
by Sir John Stanley, and the French Cham-
pion, at Winchelter aforeiaid ; where his
inajefty was pleafed to take fuch notice of
him as to honour him with knighthood, by
the name and title of Sir Ofkatel de Latham,
by which title we (hall henceforth fpeak of
him.
But in the mean time acquaint the reader,
that this gentleman's funfhine of fortune,
like a March day, foon changed its afpecl ;
for, Sir Thomas Latham, being now in the
evening of life, and intending to fet his
houfe
* Eiihon Ruttcr.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 61
houfe in order, confidered that his daughter
the Lady Stanley, and his mofl hopeful
ifliie (being now near him) were his legiti-
mate offspring, and by the Laws of God
and Nature juftly entitled to his large pof-
feflions; he therefore fettled the grofs of
them upon that lady and her heirs for ever ;
and declared Sir Ofkatel to be only his na-
tural fon. ,
Sir Ofkatel, being thus degraded and
fupplanted in the hopes and profpecl of an
immenfe fortune, was flighted and defpifed
by his unthought of rivals, who, either to
diftinguifh or aggrandize themfelves, or in
contempt and derifion of their fpurious bro-
ther, took upon them the Eagle and Child
for their Creft, in token of their conqueft
over him, which to me plainly manifefts,
the variation of the two crefts above-menti-
oned, and the reafon of it.
However, Sir Thomas not quite forget-
ting his affe&ion for, and kind intentions
to his Son Ofkatel, referved and fettled
upon him and his heirs for ever the manors
of Irlam and Urmfton, near Manchefter, in
the
62 The HISTORY of the
the county of Lancafter; with feveral other
large trafts of land and demefnes in that
county; alfo the manor of Hawthorn, and
many other lands and tenements in the
county of Chefter; and gave him the fig-
net of his arms, with the creft afTumed by
him for his fake.
By the above referve and fettlement, Sir
Thomas raifed a new family of his own
name, and though not in the old feat as
he had once intended, yet gave them a
large patrimony which enabled them to
make a leading figure in the world, to the
time of the Ufurpation ; when taking part
with, and maring in the fate and fufferings
of his noble relation the EARL of
DERBY, they, as well as he, were greatly
reduced, as will appear hereafter.
Thus far we have attended Sir Thomas
Latham, through the courfe of his life,
and near the exit of it; wherein many cu-
rious and remarkable events have been re-
lated of him. Let us therefore now leave
him to die in peace, at a good old age
like a fhock of corn ripe for gathering in-
to
HOUSE of STANLEY. 63
to the ftore-houfe of perfection; and pro-
ceed to the iflue and defcendants of his
daughter the Lady Stanley.
Ifabel de Latham, now Lady Stanley,
had iflue by Sir John Stanley the firft, two
fons, Thomas and John, and one daughter
named Alice, who married Sir Thomas
Dutton, of Button, in the county of Chef-
ter; and Thomas the fecond fon married to
Maud, the only daughter and heir of Sir
John Ardern, of Elford, in the county of
Stafford, of whom we (hall treat more ful-
ly in due place.
And as for our difconfolate friend Sir
Ofkatel, we fiiall only obferve at prefent,
that tho' degraded and fupplanted in a fair
inheritance, yet we have brought him to
his age, and placed him at the head of a
large patrimony and new family of the
fame name of his father, which his rivals
could not boaft of.
Wherefore we (hall for the prefent for-
bear all further hiflory of him, or them,
which might throw us into fome confufion,
and
64 The HISTORY of the
and render our hiftory lefs intelligible; fo
that having gone through the main or di-
rect line, we (hall fully treat of every fe-
parate or colateral branch, as they occur
in point of time, as near as we can col-
led, or be informed of.
Beginning firft with John Stanley, Efq;
eldeft fon of Sir John Stanley by Ifabel
de Latham, who was at his father's death
(whom he fucceeded) of the age of twen-
ty-three or twenty-four years. He was a
youth of great genius and vivacity of
fpirit, being early taken notice of at court,
and made fleward of the houfhold to King
Henry VI. and was in the fifth year of
that King, by the name of John Stanley,
Efq; made conftable of Carnarvon-caftle,
in Wales; -a poft of great trufl as well as
hazard in thofe remote parts, and unfettled
times; but by his prudence and good conduct,
he kept the people in peace, and prefer-
ved his majefty's intereft, though with much
care and watchfulnefs.
For the Welfh were at time (as it were)
but young fubjecls to England, uneafy in
temper^
HOUSE of STANLEY. 65
temper, and on every change of government
frequently in tumults and infurreftions, oc-
cafioned by the late rebellion of Owen Glen-
dour aforefaid, many of whofe party and
factious principles {till furviving, failed not
to flir up new commotions, as occafion
offered.
Infomuch that King Henry, in the fe-
venteenth year of his Reign, (Mr. Stanley,
being then groom of the Bed-chamber to
that Prince) gave him, in reward of his
loyalty, and faithful fervices, a grant of all
the lands late Nicholas and Saxon's, in the
counties of Carnarvon and Flint ; alfo by
a new commiffion appointed him Governor
of Carnarvon, and Conftable of the caflle
there for life, with the fee of 40!. per an-
num ; and alfo conftituted him Sheriff of
Anglefea for life, with the fee of 20!. per
annum, and honoured him with knighthood,
by which characler we (hall treat of him
hereafter.
And, in the mean time inform the reader,
that by his vigilance and prudent manage-
ment he not only fuppreffed all infurreclions,
3 K but
6G The HISTORY of ike
but reduced the country to full obedience
and tranquility.
In which he was greatly aflifted by one
John Dumbill, a valiant captain, who had
ferved under his father when governor of the
Caftle of Roxburgh, in Scotland, and was
for his good and faithful fervice in Wales,
retained the King's fervant, with a penfion
of 5!. per annum, for life, payable out of
the King's Exchequer at Cheller.
This Dumbill was the fon of one Dum-
bill, of Oxton, in Wirral, in the county of
Chefter, and the original anceflor of the
Dumbills of Lime, in that * county ; and,
(as far as I can collecl:) was appointed by
Sir John Stanley, his Lieutenant in that
government during his abfence.
Thus Sir John, having made all very pea-
ceable in Wales, refolved to vifit the Ifie of
Man, where affairs were in fome diforder;
leaving the confervation and care of the peo-
ple under his government, to his trufty
friend, Captain Dumbill.
And
* Sir Peter Leicefter, in Cheihire.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 67
And on his arrival in the Ifle of Man, we
find him filled in their earlieft records (for
before his time there were none extant) Anno
quarto regalitatis noftra, which was the anci-
ent ftile of their court rolls, and continued
down to the time of Thomas the fecond
EARL of DERBY; who, for great and wife
reafons, (hewn when we come to treat of
him, declined the title of King, and only
ufed that of Lord of Man, and the Ifles.
Sir John, now of mature age, and great
experience in life, wifely confidered, that a
juft regulation of the laws were a lading hap-
pinefs to the people, and the beft fecurity
to the prince, in refult whereof he confulted
the judges, and others well (killed in the an-
cient government, laws, and cuftoms of that
ifland.
And by their advice convened the whole
body of the people to a certain place in the
centre of the country, (fmce called the Tin-
wald) where their grand annual court hath
ever fince been held on the twenty-fourth
of June, for the promulgation of the laws
and ftatutes made for the future government
K 2 and
68 The HISTORY of ike
and obfervance, fome of which remain to
this time, which we (hall treat more fully of
when we come to defcribe the government
of that ifle, and the feveral officers neceffa-
rily employed therein.
Sir John having adjuiled and completed
his fyftem of government there to his own
and his fubje&s fecurity and fatisfaciion, put
the fame in motion by proper officers, over
whom he appointed John Letherland, Efq ;
(a neighbouring gentleman of Lancafhire)
his lieutenant, a gentleman well ufed to, and
(as a juftice of the peace) well acquainted
with the diftribution of juftice ; and then re-
turned to England.
On his arrival at court, he was by com-
wpiffion appointed one of the judges itine-
rant for the county of Chefter, but died
foon after.
He married Ifabel, the only daughter of
Sir John, and filler to Sir William Har-
rington, who dying without iflue, fhe be-
came heirefs to her brother, and miftrefs of
the imc feat of Hornby-caflle, near Lancai-
t.er t
HOUSE of STANLEY. 69
ter, with its appurtenances ; and by her Sir
John had iffue two children, a fon named
Thomas, and a daughter named Alice, who
married Sir Thomas Button, of Button,, in,
Chefhire.
The character given this gentleman by
the learned of that age, affures us that he
was a man truly great, of a mafterly geni-
us, beloved by his prince, and an honour
to his country; a kind hufband, a tender
parent, and a true friend.
And was fucceeded in honour and eftate,
by his only fon Sir Thomas Stanley, (who
had been knighted fome time before his
father's death) and was in the fame year
he died, made lieutenant of Ireland for fix
years, as his grandfather had been: he
called a Parliament in -that kingdom, for re-
drefs of many grievances, in the year 1432;
but being called to England by his majefty's
command, left Sir Chriflopher Plunket, his
deputy, and on his coming to court was
comptroller of his majefty's houfhold, but by
his abfence, the King's minority, and the ab-
fence of the military men in France, thelrifli
were
The HISTORY of the
were grown very infolent, infomuch that
he was obliged to return to that kingdom,
which he did in the year 1435; anc ^ wi^ 1
the power of Meath, and other afliftance, he
took Moyle O'Neal, prifoner, and flew great
numbers of the Irifh ; and about Michaelmas
after he came to England again, and left
Richard Taibot, Archbifhop of Dublin, and
brother to the Earl of Shrewfbury, his de-
puty ; and the eleventh of Henry VI. he
was upon an inquiiition poft Martem, his
father found to hold (as heir to Sir Robert,
de Latham, of Latham) of the Lord of the
Manor of Widnefs, in the county of Lancaf-
ter, in the time of Edward II. in the fol-
lowing words, viz.
Thomas Stanley Milite, Comptroller, Dominus
Roberlus de Latham, Temt et Dom. de
Widnefs, Manena de Know/ley, Huyton,
Roby, et Torbuck, pro una fada Militis
dat de relievo, cum accederit five pounds.
This Fcedary is extracted out of the re-
cords of Halton, tempe Edward II. et
Henry VI. And the eighteenth of Henry
VI.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 71
VI. he was appointed by William de la Poole,
Earl of Suffolk and fole judge of Chefter
for life, to be his deputy. Ouam Dm fibi
placuerit.
And the year following, (the nineteenth of
Henry VI.) it appears, by record, that
whereas William de la Poole, was made
judge of Chefter for life, he now maketh
Sir Thomas Stanley, and William Ruckley,
of Eaton his Lieutenant Juftices, and that
they (hall receive 40!. per annum, per manus
camerary ; dated the eve of the Annunciation
of the blefled Virgin Mary, the nineteenth
of Henry VI.
And in the twenty-fixth of Henry VI.
being then comptroller of the king's houf-
hold, he with others, obtained a grant of all
the goods and chatties of Humphrey, Duke
of Lancafter, with power to difpofe of them
without account.
And the next year he with John, Lord
Vifcount Beaumont, and others, were com-
mimoned to treat with the Scots, for a truce
betwixt both realms, and he was the year
after
72 The HISTORY of the
after appointed one of the confervators of
the fame for the King of England.
.
And in the twenty-eighth of Henry VI.
he was put in commiflion, with the Earl of
Wiltfhire, and others for the cuftody and de-
fence of the town and caftle of Calais, and
the marches adjacent, with the tower of
Reifbank, for the term of five years.
. -
And the next year he was again made one
of the confervators of the truce with Scot-
land, which was to hold good from the fif-
teenth of Auguft, 1451, for three years, and
of the continuance of the fame to the twen-
ty-firft of May, 1457.
-
And in the fame year, he was made fole
judge of Chefter, and continued therein to
the thirtieth of that king's reign ; and that
year was again commiffioned to treat with
James, Earl Douglas, of a new truce with
Scotland, which was to hold to the four-
teenth of July, 1458.
.
And in the thirty-fourth of that king's
reign, he was created Baron Stanley, and
made
HOUSE of STANLEY. 73
made Lord Chamberlain of the King's Ilouf-
hold.-:
In the thirty-fifth of Henry VI. he was,
by the King's appointment, made one of the
council to Edward, Prince of Wales.
And in the thirty-feventh of Henry VI*
the King fent orders to Sir John Manwaring,
to deliver certain itate prifoners then in his
cuftody, and particularly named to this Lord
Stanley, for their greater fecurity, which
was accordingly done.
In the year 1460, he was again appointed
one of the ambaffadors .to treat with thofe
of Scotland, on affairs of the greateft mo-
ment; but dying the latter end of the year,
the nation was deprived of this very great
and .valuable perfon, and, the King of one
of his bed fubjecls.
A character of,, this noble Lord feems
needlefs ; his brave and worthy a&ions, and
the high trails repofed in him through the
whole courfe of his -life, have fully manifef-
ted his pc-rfections, 'beyond what we can pof-
4 T, " fiblv
74' The HISTORY of the
fibly fay of him ; yet, that we may not be
wanting to do juftice to his merit, nor .defi-
cient in the commendations, as given him by
his contemporaries, of fo eminent a patriot;
they inform us, that he inherited all the
amiable qualities of his - father and grand-
father ; that he was brave in the field, wife
in the fenate, juft to his prince, an honour
to his country, and an ornament to his fa-
mily ; being the firft ennobled by royal fa*
vour, from. their original^ to his time.
I
He married Joan, the only daughter and
heirefs of Sir Robert Goumill, by whom he
had iilue three fons, Thomas, William and
John; and three daughters. Margaret, the
eldeil, married to Sir William Troutback,
of Chefhife ; Elizabeth, the fecond, to Sir
Richard Molyneux, of .Sefton, in Lancaihire;
and Catharine, the youngeft, to Sir John
Savage, of Clifton, in Chelhire ; all fillers
to Thomas, firit EARL of DERBY, who,
in the fecond of Edward VI. was made
Judge of Cheiler, and continued therein to
the firft of Henry VIL when departing this
life, he was fucceeded in honour and eitate,
by ThomaSj his elded fon ; who was firft
fummoned
HOUSE of STANLEY. 75
fummoned to Parliament, the twenty-fourth
of May, the firft of Edward IV. by the
ftile and title of Baron Stanley, of Latham,
and was made Steward of the King's Houf-
hold that year.
And in the fourteenth of that king's reign,
being then Steward of his Majefty's Houf-
hold, he was retained by indenture to ferve
his Majefty in his wars with France, for one
year, with forty men at arms, and three
hundred archers.
At this time John, Lord Scroop, whofe
anceftors had formerly been Lords of Man,
made complaint to the King, that this Lord
Stanley bore the arms of that ifland. No
decifion could be made therein at that time,
for the reafons hereafter recited, by the
King's letter, under his fign manual, dated
the firfl of May, 1475.
The King's Letter.
DWARD, by the grace of God,
King of England and France, and
Lord of Ireland, remembring the pretence
L 2 and
7 5 The HISTORY of the
and claim of John Lord Scroop, {hewed
unto us, for the bearing of the Arms of the
Ifle of Man, which now our right trufty and
right well-beloved Thomas, Lord Stanley,
fleivard of our houfhold beareth, for brief-
nefs of time, having no convenient feafon
to know the determination of the fame, and
providing fo, no variance therefore be had
now in our voyage, have willed and defired
that for the times and feafons, that the faid
Lords fhall continue in our fervice in our
realm of France, Dutchy of Normandy, or
elfe where beyond the fea ; and alfo unto
our and their returning next to this our
realm of England, or either of them,' that
the faid Lords -{hall abfiain and forbear the
ufe and wearing of the faid Arms of the Ifle
of Man ; whereunto for the faid defire, it
is agreed, alway forefeen, that the faid will,
defire, abftinence and forbearing, be not
prejudicial in that behalf unto the faid
Scroop nor to his heirs, nor be of none
effect, flrength or virtue, but for the time
above exprefTed."
And in the twenty-fecond of Edward VI.
Richard, Duke of Gloucefter, being fent
HOUSE of STANLEY. 77
with an army againft the Scots, this Lord Stan-
Jey, commanded the right wing, conlifting of
four thoufand, and took Berwick by allault,
though with the lofs of a great many men.
As he ftood firm to Edward IV. fo after
his death he was no lefs faithful to his fon,
Edward V. which the Duke of Gloucefter
(then proteftor to the young King) took fo
ill, that he had a defign to murder him, and
the young King his nephew, as is clear by
his taking the Lord Haftings from the
council-board, in the Tower of London,
and caufing his head to be ftruck off.
For at the fame time, one of the foldiers
ftruck at the Lord Stanley, with a halbert ;
and had he not fuddenly (looped under the
table to avoid the blow, it had certainly cleft
his head, and as it was, he loft much blood;
all which might have been prevented, in cafe
the Lord Haftings had given heed to a pro-
phetk dream of this Lord Stanley, the night
before ; which was, that a Boar, with hi*
tufks, had fo gored and raifed them both.
that the blood ran about their moulders, of
which he gave the Lord Haftings fpeedy no-
tice.
78 The HISTORY of the
tice, with an invitation to come away, and
with him to ride as far as they could that
night; but he was not fo fortunate to regard
the warning given him, and fo loft his head.
And, although the Lord Stanley had the
good luck to fave his, yet he was committed
to prifon ; but as foon as that barbarous
Duke got pofieffion of the crown, by the
murder of his two nephews, in the Tower
of London, the Lord Stanley was releafed
and fet at liberty ; King Richard fearing
that his fon George, Lord Strange (a vali-
ant captain) might caufe an infurreclion, to,
fct him at liberty, and put in danger his
pofleflion of the crown.
Therefore the King, to ingratiate himfelf
with this Lord, and, if poflible to bring
him over to his intereft, on the fixteenth
of December, in the firft year of his reign,
made him Conflable of England, for life,
'with the fee of icol. per annum, payable
out of the King's revenue, in the county of
Lancafter, with power .to make a deputy;
and alfo had him inllalied a Knight Compa-
nion of the moft noble Order of the Garter.
But
HOUSE of STANLEY. 79
But the Lord Stanley having married to
his fecond wife, Margaret, the Countefs of
Richmond, and widow of Edmund, Earl
of Richmond, by whom he had one fon,
named Henry, Earl of Richmond, who, in
right of his mother, claimed a title to the
Crown ; of which, notice being taken by
King Richard, and that he was then in
France, foliciting afiiftance from that King,
to recover his right ; which, together with
what afliftance he might reafonable expe6l
from the great power of his father-in-law,
the Lord Stanley, might render his poffeffion
of the crown precarious, and greatly dif-
turb his peace.
Therefore this noble Lord began to be
fufpecled as a well-wifher to the intereft of
Prince Henry, and the Countefs his mother,
was commanded to put away all her old fer-
vants, and forbid to fend any meffages to,
or receive any from, the Earl her fon.
But the Lord Stanley wifely concealed all
his fentiments in this critical conjuncture;
and the better to cover and fecure himfeif
from the fufpicions and jeaicufies of that ty-
rannical
So The HISTORY of the
rannical King, requefted leave to retire into
the country on his private affairs, and to
raife forces for his Majeily's fervice.
But tlie King knowing his great intereft,
and fearing that under that pretence, he
might give aid to ; his rival, the Earl of Rich-
mond, refined -his eonfent, until he gave up
George, Lord Strange, his fch and heir* as
a hoflage for his loyalty.
However, on the Earl of Richmond's land-
ing, he failed not to meet him on the day of
battle, with what forces he had collected ;
but he himfelf had a private meeting with
the Earl, the day before, at Atherflon, about
fix miles fliort of Bofworth ; coming thither
with great privacy, and the next day ap-
proaching the field of battle, he openly ap-
peared with his forces in favour of the Earl ;
upon which the King lent him die following
medage: That urilefc he did forthwith repair
to his prefence, he would put his fon, the
Lord Strange, to death, (who marched with
him in the rear of all his forces, guarded by
one troop of horfe and fome foot.) To which
the Lord Stanley anfwered, That the King
might
HOUSE of STANLEY. 81
might do his pleafure ; and if he did put
him to death, he had more fons alive, and was
determined not to come to him at that time ;
upon which he had refolved to put him to
death, but was told by his Lords, and others
about him, that his Majefty had a greater
work in hand ; and that it was not a time to
think of executions, but of defence, upon
which the Lord Strange was fpared.
The battle fpeedily enfued, and remained
doubtful for fome time, until Sir William
Stanley, of Holt-caftle, and brother to the
Lord Stanley, came with three thoufand frefh
men, who turned the whole aclion in favour
of the Earl of Richmond, and gave him a
complete victory, wherein King Richard
was (lain, with a great number of his fol-
lowers.
Amongft the fpoils of the field was found,
(what * Lord Bacon calls) an ornamental
crown, which Richard ufed to wear on par-
ticular occafions ; and fome fay, Lord Stan-
ley, (but this great author, and others of
] M great
* Lord Bacon's Hiftcrv,
82 The HISTORY of ike
great authority fay, Sir William Stanley)
put it upon the head of Henry, Earl of
Richmond, and proclaimed him King, by
the name of Henry VII. all crying aloud,
King Henry ! King Henry !
This memorable and glorious battle (if any
in ay be allowed that epithet) where fo many
lives were loft, was attended with moil ex-
traordinary confequences to the nation ; for
by it they were delivered from the moft
wicked, arbitrary, inhuman and tyrannical
prince, that! ever fat '.on the throne of Eng-
land ; and, as an additional blefling, it laid
the foundation of friendship, regulation and
union between the two ancient houfes of
York and Lancafter ; betwixt whom, more
blood had been flied, than in all the wars
with France.
The fame * year, on the twenty-feventh of
October, King Henry created Lord Stanley.
EARL of DERBY, and constituted him one
of the Lords CommhTioners for executing
ihe office of Lord High Steward of England,
upon
EiAoryof Henry VII. 14*5.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 83
upon his own coronation, the thirtieth day
of the fame month.
On the fifth of March following, he had
a grant of the high office of Conflable of
England for life; with a fee of lool. per
annum, payable out of the Kings revenues
in Lancafhire, as before.
In the fecond of Henry VII. he was one
of the godfathers to Prince Arthur, the
King's firft-born fon ; and in the third of
Henry VII. one of the CommhTioners for
executing the office of Lord High-fteward
of England, on the coronation of Queen,
Elizabeth, confort to that King.
In the fixth of Henry VII. he was com-
miflioned, with George, his fon, to borrow
money in the county of Lancafler, for the
fupport of the King's expedition into France.
The eleventh of faid King's reign, he was
one of the guarantees of that peace, made
between that King, and the Archduke of
Auftria; and fame year, was one of the
M 2 Lords
84 The HISTORY of the
Lords that affented to the peace made with
France, at the Staples on the Sea, near Co-
logne, in 1492, but died in the year 1504,
the nineteenth of Henry VII. as appears by
his will, dated the twenty-eighth of July
that year, and the probate thereof on the
ninth of November following.
Wherein he, by the title of Thomas,
EARL of DERBY, Lord Stanley, Lord of
Man, and Great Conilable of England,
bequeathed his body to be buried in the
midft of the chapel, on the North aide of
the church of Burfcough, near Latham, in
the county of Lancafler, of his anceftors'
foundation; where the body of his father
and mother, and others of his anceftors lay
buried ; having moulded a tomb to be there
placed, with the perfonages of himfelf, and
both his wives, for a perpetual remembrance
to be prayed for.
And likewifc appointing, that the perfo-
nages he had caufed to be made for his father
and mother, his grand-father and grand-
mother, and great grand-fathers, (liould be
fet
HOUSE of STANLEY. 85
fet upon the arches of the chancel within
that priory, in the places provided for the
fame.
And though he had formerly given to the
prior and convent of that houfe, large gifts
in money, jewels and ornaments, and like-
wife made great reparation there, he further
bequeaths unto them twenty pounds, to the
intent that they mould be obliged by their
deed, under their convent feal, to caufe one
of the canons of that, houfe, daily to fay
Mafs, in the before-mentioned chapel, for
his foul ; alfo, for the f(\ul of his lady (then
living) after her deceafe; likewife, for the
foul of Eleanor, his former wife ; and for
the fouls of his father, mother, anceftors,
children, brethren and fitters ; alfo, for the
foul of William, then late Marquis of Berk-
ley, and for the fouls of all thofe who died
in his, or his father's fervice ; and every Mafs
before the Lavatory, audibly to be faid for
the faid fouls appointed by name ; and all
others in general, de profundis clamavi, and
fuch other orifons and collects as are ufed to
be faid therewith.
And
86 The HISTORY of the
And furthermore he willed, that his foil,
Sir Edward Stanley, (hould have and enjoy
the caftle of Hornby, fo long as he lived ;
but departed this life the ninth of Novem-
ber next enfuing.
This noble Earl married to his firft wife,
Eleanor, the fourth daughter of Richard
Nevill, Earl of Salifbury, and by her had
Iflue fix fons and four daughters, of all which
in their order.
Thomas and Richard, his two firft fons,
died young; and George, his third fon, mar-
ried Joan, the only daughter and heirefs of
John, Lord Strange, of Knocking, near
Shrewfbury, and was fummoned to Parlia-
ment by the title of Baron Strange, the twen-
ty-fecond of Edward IV. Place as in Strange,
the twenty-ninth of December, twenty-eight
of Edward I. and afterwards to the twelfth
of Henry VII. inclufive.
And before his faid marriage, he was one
of thofe noble perfons who received the ho-
nour of Knighthood, by bathing with Prince
Edward, the King's elded fon, the eighth of
April,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 87
April, and fifteenth of Edward IV. and in
the firft of Henry VII. he was made one of
the Lords of the Privy-council ; and in the
fecond of Henry VII. he was appointed one
of the principal commanders of the King's
army, at the battle of Stoke, near Newark,
and (hared greatly in the honour of that
victory, then obtained againft the Earl of
Lincoln, and his adherents, patrons, and fup-
porters of one Lambert Simnel, who pre-
tended to be the elded fon of Edward IV.
and thereby claimed a right to the crown,
prior to, and exclufive of King Henry VII.
and his Oueen, and eldeft daughter of King
Edward IV.
In the feventh of Henry VII. he was re-
tained by inder ^re, to ferye the King in
France, with tei /en at arms, five demy lan-
ces, twenty-four archers on horfeback, and
two hundred and forty^feven archers on foot;
each .man of arms to have his cuftrel and
page, for one year, from the day of his firft
mufter, and fo long after as it mall pleafe the
King; and to mufter the fame at Guildford,
in Surry, on the firft of June; and after fuch
mufter,
88 The HISTORY of the
mutter, on his arrival at Portfmouth, to re-
ceive of the treafurer of war, the conduft-
money, for bringing his faid forces to Portf-
mouth, viz. fixpence for every one of them,
for as many twenty miles as are between the
houfes from whence any of them departed,
and the faid town of Portfmouth ; and alfo
to receive for each of the faid men at arms,
garnifhed with his cuflrel and page, eighteen-
pence per day ; and for every of the faid
demy lances, ninepence per day ; and for
every of the faid archers on horfeback, or on
foot, fixpence, &c.
Soon after the above action, he was made
one of the Knights Companions of the moft
noble Order of the Garter, and in the ninth
of Henry VII. upon th^ n ege of Norham-
caftle, by the Scots, he'l acf vanced with the
Earl of Surry, and many others of the no-
bility, againft thofe bold invaders ; but the
enemy being retreated before they came up,
nothing of note was performed.
t
He was at the Staples on the Sea, near
Bologne, in France, the third of November,
1492.
HOUSE of 'STANLEY. 89
1492. And on the fifth of December, in
the thirteenth of Henry VII. He depart-
ed this life, at Derby-houfe, now the col-
lege of arms, on St. Bennet's-hill, Lon-
don ; (his father then living,) and was bu-
ried in the parim-church of St. James, Gar-
lick-hithe, London, near to Eleanor, the
Countefs of Derby, his mother.
He left Iflue, by Joan, his Wife, two
fons, Thomas and James ; and two daugh-
ters ; Jane and Elizabeth. Jane married
Robert Sheffield, Efq ; and Elizabeth died
young; and of his two fons, more hereaf-
ter. In the interim, I cannot well omit an
infcription I met with in the church of Hal-
lingdon, in the county of Middlefex ; as it
relates to him, though I fuppofe occafioned
by fome encomiums on his father, who had
an eftate there ; but is fo defaced with time,
that I could not fully take it off; however,
as far as I could make it out with certainty,
it is as follows.
N " He
The PIISTORY of the
" Hc.majtaed his firft fon George, to no farm nor
grange,
But honourably to the heir of the Lord Strange ;
Who lived in fuch love, as no man elfe had,
For at the death of him, divers \vent almoft mad;
At an ungodly banquet, alas! he \vas poifoned,
And at London, in St. James's, Garlick-hithe,
lies buried."
William his brother, and fourth fon of
Thomas, EARL of DERBY, died young and
unmarried.
Edward, his fixth fon, (tiled Sir Edward
Stanley, was a gentleman of the fword, by
which he acquired both honour and fortune,
as afterwards will appear.
James, the fixth fon of this noble Lord,
was Dean of St. Martin's, in London, and
made Bifhop of Ely, the twenty-fecond of
Henry VII. alfo Warden of the Collegiate
Church at Manchefter, in the county of
Lancader; and lieth buried in the chapel
of St. John Baptift, by him built, on
the North-fide, of that church, with the
following infcription on his tomb, viz. " Of
vour
HOUSE of STANLEY. 91
your charity, pray for the foul of James
Stanley ; fometime Bifhop of Ely, and
Warden of Manchefter ; who deceafed out
of this tranfitory world, the twenty-fecond
of March, in the year of our Lord, 1525.
Upon "whofe foul, and all Chriftian fouls,
Jefus have mercy."
His four daughters before-mentioned were
Joan, Catherine and Anne, who all died
young and unmarried ; but Margaret, his
fourth daughter, married Sir John Ofbal-
deflon, of Lancafhire.
This Lord married to his fecond wife, the
moft noble Margaret, daughter and heirHs
to John, Duke of Somerfet ; and widow of
Edmund, Earl of Richmond; and the happy
mother of King Henry VII. butrby her had
no iflue.
This great and noble Lord, died in the
Year 1504, the nineteenth of Henry VII. as
above ; and was fucceeded by Thomas, his
grandfon, eldeft fon of George, Lord
Strange, and his next heir ; of whom before
N 2 I pjroceed
92 The HISTORY of the
I proceed further, I have fome curious re*
marks, and events, to relate of the late very
eminent Lord; \vhich I doubt will be ac-
ceptable to the reader, but I conceive they
will not fo properly fall in order, nor be fo
well underflood, as in this place.
Therefore, as they have relation to his
brother, Sir William Stanley, I requeft leave,
by a mort digreffion, to give you the hiftory
of that brave and gallant gentleman ; who,
to the great furprize of the world, fuffered
death, by Henry VII. and then return to a
further defcription of the great EARL of
DERBY'S pofterity and fuccefibrs, as before
promifed.
The firft notice I meet with in the hiliory
of Sir William Stanley is, that he was fecond
fon of Thomas, Lord Stanley, and brother
to the aforefaid EARL of DERBY; that his
feat was at the Caflle of Holt, in the County
of Flint, and that the fourteenth of July,
and the ninth of Henry V. a writ was iiTued
out to him and others, to call to an account
John Leigh, of Booths, for an arrear of one
hundred
HOUSE of STANLEY. 93
hundred and forty pounds, due from him, as
late fheriffof the county of Chefler, to the
King, and then unfatisfied.
But the King dying that year a new writ
was iflued to the fame perfons, againft the
faid John Leigh, dated the fixth of Henry
VI. to bring him to account for the very
great arrears then due from him to the
King, and yet unfatisfied
And as the world at this time, were great
Grangers to the office of a fherifF in thofe
days, and as this proceeding againft that
gentleman, may appear novel to many rea-
ders, give me leave to obferve, from the in-
formation I have met with on that fubjeft,
that the fherifFs of this county, were at that
time receivers of the King's rents, forfeitures,
amercements, &c. and were looked upon as
officers of high truft.
The next office of note, I find Sir William
for his good fervices advanced to, was Cham-
berlain of the city and county of Chefter,
by patent, bearing date "the firft of Edward
IV.
94 The HISTORY of the
IV. and continued therein, to the tenth of
Henry VII. (though Sir Peter Leicefter,
thinks this Sir William,- was of Hooton, but
fpeaks doubtfully of it) faying, as he con-
ceives, but I take it for granted, that Sir
William Stanley, here fpoken of, was bro-
ther to Thomas EARL of DERBY ; for I find
upon fearch, that Sir William Stanley, of
Hooton, his contemporary, and one of the
King's carvers, was by patent of the twenty-
fixth of February, in the fifth of Edward IV.
made fherirf of Chemire for life : and this ap-
pears to me, to have confufed Sir Peter, by
the affinity of the name, and long continu-
ance in office, not rightly distinguishing the
men, nor the offices they feverally executed.
From hence we come next to meet Sir
William Stanley, at Bofworth-field, where
he found King Richard and the Earl of Rich-
mond, hotly engaged in battle, for the crown
of England, and the victory doubtful, until
he, with frefli forces, gave the honour of
the day to the Earl, and proclaimed him
King, as aforefaid.
Soon after this viclory, King Henry took
his
HOUSE of STANLEY. 95
his journey to London, where he was met
and welcomed by the Lord-mayor and She-
riffs, and many other of the principal citi-
zens ; by whom being attended, he went in
great (late to St. Paul's church, and there
made an offering of three ftandards.
The fervice of the church being over, he
went to the Bifhop's palace; from whence
after fome time, he went by water to Weft-
minfler, and there with great folemnity, was
anointed and declared King, by the ftile and
title of King Henry VII. and remained in
profound peace for fome time ; but thefe
days were not of long duration. For
one Lambert Simnel, by the perfuafion and
encouragement of his fchool-mafter, Richar^l
Simon, a pried, fet up his title to the crown
againil King Henry; taking upon him, and
pretending to be Edward, Earl of Warwick,
elded fon of King Edward IV. and lately
efcaped out of the Tower of London, where
he had been imprifoned.
He gained great credit with many of the
nobility and gentry affecled to the Houfe of
York,
gS The HISTORY of the
York, who were ready to take his part, and
even faluted him King.
But, efpecially the Earl of Licnoln and
the Lord Lovell, with many others, raifed an
army in his favour, which, in a little time,
was defeated at Stoke, near Newark, by
George, Lord Strange, and others, as above.
Young Lambert and his tutor, Simon the
prieft, were taken prifoners, but both their
lives fpared ; Lambert, becaufe but a child,
and Simnel, becaufe a prieft, but kept pri-
foner for his life. Lambert was taken into
the King's kitchen to turn the fpit, and after-
wards made one of the King's falconers.
This importer and his adherents being thus
defeated, King Henry remained in peace till
the year 1493 ; when the Dutchefs of Bur-
gandy, filler to King Edward IV. and an in-
veterate enemy to King Henry, and the
Houfe of Lancafter, difturbed his peace, by
fetting up one Perkin Warbeck, to perfonate
and take upon him to be Richard, the
younger fon of Edward IV.
This
HOUSE of STANLEY. 9;
This Perkin made a great noife jfi the
world, and flood longer, being better fup-
ported, and more powerful, than Simnel ;
having been fent by the Dutchefs to Por-
tugal, and from thence to Ireland, and to
the Court of France, where he was enter-
tained as a prince, and had a guard afligned
him. He at laft returned to the Dutchefs of
Burgundy, his pretended aunt, who received
him as fuch, and profeffed openly that he was-
her true nephew, and not only afligned him
a guard of thirty perfons, but clothed them
in murrey and blue, and called him the
White Rofe of England, which in time prov-
ed his overthrow, and it is probable, gave
that future diftinftion ufed betwixt the white
and the red rofe, the former being made ufe
of in favour of a fpurious pretender ; for on
which report, many in England reforted to
him, and amongfl the reft, Sir Robert Clif-
ford (an old acquaintance of Sir William
Stanley) was fent by the party to acquaint
the Dutchefs, with the great refpecl the peo-
ple of England had for Perkin ; and upon
conferring with him, Sir Robert wrote to
his friends in England, that he knew him to
be the true fon of King Edward IV.
5 O 'Upon
9 S The HISTORY of the
Upon this, King Henry, agreeable to his
ufual prudence, fent fpies into Flanders, to
difcover the confpirators, and their defigns ;
and being known by their countrymen thtre,
were all taken and put to death, except Sir
Robert Clifford, who made his efcape ; and
returning to England, fubmitted himfelf to
the King's mercy ; hoping, from the fecrets
he knew, and the difcovery he was able to
make, of the open and private abettors of
that confpiracy, to merit the King's pardon
arid favour.
And, the better to ingratiate himfelf, he
accufed his old friend, Sir William Stanley,
then Lord Chamberlain ; affirming, that in a
conference betwixt them, touching the pre-
tended fon of Edward IV. Sir William mould
fay, " That if he certainly knew the young
man called Perkin, to be really the fon of
Edward IV. he would never draw his fword
or bear arms againfl him."
Thefe words being confidered of by the
judges, feeraed to exprefs a very fickle loy-
alty to King Henry, (for who could tell how
foon he might be perfuaded that he did know
HOUSE of STANLEY. 99
it) befides that, the uttering of fuch an ex-
preffion, was in itfelf, found to be difloyal to
the King; and withal (truck upon a firing
which always founded harfn in the King's
ears, as preferring the title of York to that
of Lancafler.
Be that as it may, Sir William was arraign-
ed, brought to the bar, and tried ; and, whe-
ther trufting to the greatnefs of his fervice,
the King's favour,, his own innocency, or the
lightnefs of his crime, his pleading was very
trifling, denying little of what he was charg-
ed with ; and thereby, as it were, confefling
himfelf guilty, was adjudged to die.
Accordingly, on the fixteenth day of
February, 1495, ^ e was brought to Tower-
hill, London, and there beheaded ; and all
his eflate, real and perfonal (which was very
great) was confifcated to the King. And
there are not wanting fome who believe, that
this was a greater motive to forward his
death, than any thing he either faid or did;
avarice being, on many occafions, too vifible
in this King's adminiftratior?, and to have
had a large {hare in the profecution of the
above unfortunate gentleman.
2 F Q r
ioo The HISTORY of the
For there were found in his caftle of Holt,
in the county of Flint, in Wales, forty thou-
fand marks of money ; befides plate, jewels,
houiliold-goods and flock of cattle of great
value ; and alfo, a yearly income of old rents
on land of 3000!. per annum. By Joyce,
his wife, daughter of Edward, Lord Powis,
he had iffue one fon, named William, of
whom more hereafter; alfo one daughter,
named Jane, who married Sir John Warbur-
ton, of Aries, in the county of Chefter, one
of the Knights of the body to King Henry
VII.
"This was that great Sir William Stanley,
\vl.o of his own power and intereft, raifed
and brought three thoufand horfe and foot
to the refcue of that prince, when his life,
honour, and hopes of a throne, were all in
vifible danger; gave him viclory, and crown-
cd him King in the field.
How could it then enter into his- head or
heart to put him to death, who had done for
him all that mortality could poffibly do ? fa-
ved his life, vanquifhed his enemies, and gave
him a crown ; and all his crime founded
upon
HOUSE of STANLEY. 101
upon a doubtful and unguarded expreflion,
reported by a treacherous friend, a rebel,
and a traitor to his King, by his own confef-
fion, to fave his own life ; and therefore
fhould have been the lefs regarded, where the
duty, loyalty, and moft worthy actions of fo
deferving a fubjecl:, were in competition with
it.
From this unhappy event, mankind may
learn how cautious they ought to be in open-
ing their mind too freely, even to the moft
intimate friend, where the difcovery may
either touch or concern their life, reputa-
tion, liberty, intereft, or peace of mind,
when he (hall think fit to difclofe and aggra-
vate their moft innqcent words and mean-
ings, by a malicious and invidious conftruc-
tion.
But it may be faid it was not the Earl
of Richmond that did this, but the King of
England; and I think it is a maxim, that the
King in many cafes is not at liberty to {hew
mercy as a private perfon may.
But be that as it will, beheaded he was,
and from the pinacle of honour, on a fudden
brought
102 The HISTORY of the
brought to the block. A fhocking thought!
that nothing lefs than lofs of life could attone
for words, without aftion, or even evil
meaning, without a forced conftruction. And
I think on this occafion I may obferve with
a learned poet, that our God and foldier are
alike adored, juft at the brink of danger; and
the danger over, they are often both alike
requited ; our God is forgotten, and our fol->
dier flighted. Lofs of favour, exile from
court, and all public employments might
have been born with ; but death gave a (hort
period to all his glory and mod renowned
performances for the public good, and the
fervice of his King and country.
And I think it is allowed by the bed phi-
lofophers, that death is the fame thing to a
coward, as to the valiant man ; but with this
remarkable difference in point of honour and
everlafting fame, that the brave and gallant
man falls in vindication of his prince, religi-
on, laws, liberties, and country ; and the
fcoundrel abandons all in fear of loofmg a
life that he neither deferves, nor can fave.
However, in deference to royal authority.
give
HOUSE of STANLEY. 103
give me leave to obferve, what has been of-
fered in mitigation of his Majefly's proceed-
ings in this extraordinary and critical cafe,
wherein it is fa id he underwent many drug-
gies and conflicts of mind, before Sir Wil-
liam was brought to trial.
But it is probable other fubftantial reafons
might be affigned for his Majefty's concern
and uneafmefs in this point ; as knowing the
very great power of his brother the EARL of
DERBY, who, had married his mother, and
had been eminently ferviceable to him, and
who on this melancholy occafion, had retir-
ed to his country feat, and that the grief and
affliction that noble perfon muft naturally lie
under, for the untimely lofs of fo worthy and
near a relation (and feemingly on fo flight an
occafion) might produce a refentrnent pre-
judicial to his own fafety and peaceable pof-
feflion';"and the King's future conduct feems
to confirm the aforefaid reafons.
For his Majefty appearing defirous to jufli-
fy himfelf to the world, and efpecially to this
great Lord, his Brother, upon what ground,
and for what reafons, he had taken off fo va-
luable
104 The HISTORY of -the
luable and eminent a perfon as Sir William
Stanley, and to keep well with the faid Earl,
refolved the enfuing fummer to pay him and
his Mother a vifit, at their feat of Latham,
in Lancafhire.
Of which, LORD DERBY being apprized,
made fuitable preparation for the reception
and better accommodation of his Majefly
and his retinue, by enlarging his houfe at
Knowfley, by the ftone building, and repair-
ing and beautifying the other part ; and alfo
that of Latham.
And confldering that there was no certain
or conftant paffage over the river Merfey,
to Old Warrington, but by Latch ford, or
Orford, and thofe very precarious, as well
as dangerous; his Lordfhip determined to
build a bridge over that river, that his Ma-
jefty might purfue his progrefs without flop
or hazard.
To effect which, he purchafed a road,
from the crofs ways leading from Sankey
and Winwick, (now called Market-gate) to
the river, through the field, now called
Bridge-
HOUSE of STANLEY. 105
Bridge-flreet ; and at the bottom thereof,
ere&ed a fpacious {lone bridge, and threw
up a caufe-way crofs the marfhes to the riling
ground on the Chefliire fide, and kept the
fame in repair all his life, and his fucceffors
after him, to the time of William, EARL of
DERBY, brother and fucceffor to Earl Ferdi-
nand, who refufed to repair or amend the
fame ; of which more hereafter.
In the interim, the King arrived at Knowf-
ley, on or about the twenty-fourth of June,
1495, an< ^ fro thence went to Latham,
where having fpent about a Month with his
Mother and Father-in Law, he returned to
London, well fatisfied with his reception.
Having now gone through what I had to
obferve of this noble Lord, and his brother,
Sir William Stanley, with regard to the time
of the public tranfaction before related, I
(hall as promifed, return to Thomas, Lord
Strange, eldeft fon of George, grandfon and
fucceflbr to the above Earl.
This noble Lord fucceeded his grandfather
in the Earldom of Derby, and had his livery
5 P* F
io6 The HISTORY of the
of all the lands his father died feized
of, the ninth of July, and nineteenth of
Heni-y VII. and alfo of the Ifle Man.
In the twenty-third of Henry VII. on a
treaty of marriage between the Lady Mary,
third daughter to Henry VII. and the
Prince of Spain, the King binds himfelf
to Maximilian the Emperor, for the per-
formance thereof, when they mould come
to age, in 250,000 crowns, and that Hen-
ry, Prince of Wales, mould do the fame:
alfo Thomas EARL of DERBY, and other
nobles, were bound in 50,000 crowns, for
the like performance.
In the fifth of Henry VIII. he attended
that King in his expedition to France, in
which they won Therwain, and Tournay,
and obtained a glorious victory.
In the twelfth of Henry VIII. on the
Emperor's coming to England, and the
King meeting him at Dover, this EARL
of DERBY, rode betwixt that Monarch and
the King, from thence to Canterbury; bear-
ing, by the King's command, the Sword
of State. The
HOUSE of STANLEY. 107
The year after, he was one of the Peers
that fat on the trial of the Duke of Buck-
ingham, and was in mod high efteem in
all the country, as well as at court, where
he was not only beloved, but admired.
With regard to the Ifle of Man, which
I promifed to take notice of in this Lord's
life, he wifely confidered, that it was given
to his anceftors by King Henry IV. the
chief of the Houfe of Lancafter, to whom,
and to whofe pofterity his family had been
fteady friends and adherents ; but now that
Edward IV. chief of the Houfe of York,
and his pofterity, were come to the
throne, it could be no lefs than the high-
eft prudence, as well as policy, to drop a
title which might one time or other occa-
fion jealoufy and miftruft between him
and his Prince, under whom he muft
claim that title; therefore to avoid all dif-
putes, and even fufpicion of inclining to
favour one houfe more than the other, he
contented himfelf to make ufe of no other
title than Lord of Man and the Ifles, which
his fucceflbrs have continued ever fince.
Thh
io8 Tke HISTORY of the
This noble Lord gave up his life the
twenty-fourth of May following, the thir-
teenth of Henry VIII. at Colham, in the
county of Middlefex, and was buried in the
monaftry of Sion, in that county, according
to his will ; by which he ordered his body to
be buried in the priory of Burfcough, in the
county of Lancafter, if he happened to die
in that county ; but if he died elfewhere,
then to be buried in the faid monaflry of
Sion, or in the college of Afherugg, in the
county of Bucks, as his executors (hould
think fit ; and that his body (hould be buried
according to his honour, but without pomp
or excefs.
And further, by the faid will it appears,
that he had four thoufand marks with his
lady on their marriage : and he bequeaths to
his daughter for her marriage portion, two
thoufand fixty-fix pounds thirteen (hillings
and fourpence ; and to his well-beloved bro-
ther, James Stanley, Efq. an annuity or an-
nual rent of fifty pounds by the year, for
his life, payable out of his manor or lord-
ihip of Bydfton, in the county of Chefter.
And
HOUSE of STANLEY. 109
And whereas his uncle, Sir Edward Stan-
ley, Knight, Lord Monteagle, enjoyed of
his gift and grant, the caftle and demefnes of
Hornby, and other manors, for the fpecial
love, trufl and kindnefs he then found and
fuppofed he had for him and which eflates
he held on certain conditions. He now
wills that for the great unkindnefs he has
fince found, and does dill find in his faid
uncle, and that he has not obferved or per-
formed tire faid conditions, he (hall have
none of the rents and profits thereof, but
that the faid gifts, grants, &c. be null and
void.
And he further wills and appoints, that
his lieutenant of the Ifle of Man, and other
his officers and fervants there, (hall be con-
tinued till his heir comes of age ; and that
they have the wages they then had, for the
term of their lives ; and the faid wages to
be doubled to them till his faid heir come of
age.
And he conftitutes for his executors, his
trufty friends, Sir Hugh Hefketh, Bifhop
of Man ; Sir Henry Halfal, Steward of his
Houmold ;
no -The HISTORY of the
Houfliold ; Sir Henry Sherman, Clerk,
Dean of his chapel ; Thomas Hefketh, Efq.
Sir Edward Molineux, Clerk, and Parfon
of Sefton ; Richard Hefketh and Richard
Snede, Gentlemen ; Richard Halfal, Clerk,
and Parfon of Halfal; but none of them
fhall give any releafe or acquittance without
the confent and agreement of them all.
i
He appoints for fupervifors of his "will,
Thomas. Lord Cardinal, Archbifhop of
York, and Chancellor of England ; Hugh,
Bifhop of Exeter ; Geoffrey, Bifhop of Chef-
ter ; John VefTey, Clerk, Dean of the molt
honourable Chapel ; and Thomas Lark.
Parfon of Winwick.
By Ann, his wife, daughter of Edward,
Lord Haftings, fitter to George, the firfl
Earl of Huntingdon of that name, he had
iflue three fons ; George and Henry, who
died young, and Edward his fucceflbr, then
in the fifteenth year of his age ; alfo one
only daughter, who, after his death, married
Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Suffex.
As this noble Lord hath in his will taken
'notice
HOUSE of STANLEY. m
notice of his brother, James Stanley, Efq.
and of his uncle, Sir Edward Stanley, Lord
Monteagle, it may not be improper in this
place, and 'during the minority of the young
Lord, his fon, to relate what we have to
obferve of them*
* Of James. Stanley, his brother, fecond
fon of George, Lord Strange, . I meet with
little remarked of him, but that he had a
fon fliled Sir George Stanley, Marfhal of Ire-
land, but by whom it is not faid ; but is fup-
pofed to be of the anceflors of the Stanley's
of Ireland.
And with regard to Sir Edward Stanley,
his. uncle, and fifth fon of Thomas, the firft
EARL 'of DERBY this gentleman's active
childhood and martial fpirit, -brought him
early to King Henry VIII.'s notice and com-
pany : the camp was his fchool, and his
learning was a pike and fword. : His Majef-
ty greeting him, wherever he met him, with
Ho ! my Soldier !"
Honour
? Barlow's Hi'ilorv.
112 The HISTORY of the
Honour floated in his veins, and valour
danced in his fpirits ; but no where more
vifibly, nor with greater courage, luflre and
magnanimity, than at the battle of Flodflen-
Field, in Scotland, the fifth of Henry VIIL
where he commanded the rear of the Eng-
lim army, and was attacked by the Earls of
Lenox and Argyle, both which were fiain in
the field, together with the K-ing of Scots.
By his high accomplifhments in the art of
war, and the valour of his archers, he forced
the Scots to defcend the hill, (their ftrong
hold) which caufed them to open their ranks,
by which they were put into fuch . diforder,
as gave the firft hopes to that day's viclory,
which was, in a great meafure, owing to
the valour and good conducl of the brave
general, Sir Edward Stanley, as will after-
wards appear.
The King of Scotland (lain in this battle,
was that King who married Margaret, the
elded fitter to King Henry VIII. from whom
defcended King James I. gf England. There
were ilain in the battle, befides the king,
three Bifhops, two Abbots, twelve Earls and
fcvcntecn Lords ; with a very great number
of
HOUSE of STANLEY. 1 13
Knights and Gentlemen, amounting to
about eight thoufand, and nearly as many^
taken prifoners.
Upon this fignal and complete victory, ob-
tained by the fuperior fkill and conduct of
the heroic Captain Stanley, he was highly
advanced in the King's favour, and foon
after, as high in the world. Upon which the
King was pleafed to confer upon him the
following congratulating letter, viz.
Right Trufty and Well-be loved :
" WE greet you well, and underftand by
the report of our right trufty coufm and
Counfellor, the DuJ<:e of Norfolk, what ac-
ceptable fervice you, amongft others, did
us by your valiant towardnefs in the afiift-
ance of our faid coufm, againft our enemy,
the King of Scots ; and, how courageoufly
you, as a very hearty loving fervant, acquit-
ted yourfelf, for the overthrow of the faid late
King, and diftrefiing of his malice and po-
wer, to our great honour, and the advancing
of your no little fame and praife, for which
> Q ' w
ii4 Tiie HISTORY of tlie
we have good caufe to favour and thank you^
and fo we full heartily do ; and afiured you
may be, that we (hall in fuch effectual wife
remember your faid fervice in any your rea-
fonable purfuits, as you (hall have caufe to
think the fame right well employed, to our
comfort and weal hereafter. Given under
our fignet, at our caftle at Windfor, the fe-
venteenth day of November, and fifth year
of our reign."
Sir William Molineux, of Sefton, had alfo
the like congratulatory letter, upon the fame
occafion, for his eminent fervices therein.
This moft valiant and worthy gentleman,
appeared like the north-ftar in its glory : he
was a man of great command in Lancafhire,
the image of whofe mind was as peculiar as
the elegant portrait of his body ; nobly for-
giving his enemies, if reconcilable ; and re-
fufing ignobly to be revenged of them if ob-
ftinate. This noble mind, advanced by his
heroic education, made him acceptable at
court, as well as in the country, where his
hofpitality was renowned, his equity and
prudence beloved^ and his intereft large and
commanding.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 1 1 5
commanding. In him was feen the idea of
the true Englifli gentleman ; in favour at
court, in repute in the country ; at once lov-
:d and feared. His ufual faying was, " That
le never faw fear, but in the backs of his
:nemies." In a word, he lived in all capa-
cities a public good, and died a common lofs.
And here juflice as well as refpeft to the an-
ient and worthy houfe of Norris, of Speke,
alls upon me to acquaint the reader with
he bravery of Sir Edward Norris, fon of Sir
/Villiam Norris, who was (lain at the battle
f Muflebarrow, in the time of Henry VII.
.'his valiant and heroic gentleman, Sir Ed-
ard Norris, commanded a body of the ar-
y under General Stanley, at Flodden-Field,
here he behaved with fo much courage and
rood conduct, that he was honoured by the
<.ing his mafter, with the like congratulatory
letter above-mentioned, for his good fervice
in the viclory of that day ; in token whereof,
le brought from the deceafed King of Scot's
alace, all or moft of his princely library ;
nany books of which are now at Speke,
)articularly four large folios, faid to contain
he records and laws of Scotland at that
2 time.
n6 The HISTORY of the
time, and worthy the perufal of the learn<
and judicious reader. He alfo brought from
the faid palace, the wainfcot of the King's
hall, and put it up in his own at Speke ;
whereon are feen all the orders of architecture,
viz. Tufcan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian aru
Compofite, and round the top of it is thii
infcription, " Sleep not till thoti has well
confidered how thou haft fpent the day pad ;
if thou haft well done, thank God for't ; if
otherwife, repent you."
Thus having, in the fulleft manner I am
able, fet forth the eminent and renowned be-
haviour of the martial fons of the two neigh-
Louring and worthy Houfes of Molineux
and Norris, I cannot omit informing the rea-
der, that they came into England together
with William, Duke of Normandy, dignified
with the honour of Knighthood, and have
hitherto made ufeful and leading members of
' the (late, in their feveral ftations of life.
*
With regard to thefe gentle mens' leader
and chief commander, the brave Edward
Stanley, die King keeping his Whitfuntide
the year enfuing at Eltham, IP Kent, and Sir
Edward
HOUSE of STANLEY. 117
Edward being there, his Majefly command-
ed, that for his gallant a&ions againft the
Scots, where he won the hill, relieved the
Englifh from their diftrefs, and vanquished
all that oppofed him ; alfo, as his anceflors
bore the Eagle in their creft, he mould be
proclaimed Lord Monteagle, which was ac-
accordingly then and there done; upon which
he gave to the gfficers of arms, five marks,
befides the accuftomed fees ; and likewife to
garter, principal king at arms, his fee.
Whereupon he had fpecial fummons to
Parliament, the fame year, by the title of
Baron Stanley, Lord Monteagle.
Twice did he and Sir John Wallop land
with only eight hundred men, in the heart
of France ; and four times did he, with
Sir Thomas Lovell, fave Calais : the firft
time by intelligence, the fecond by ftratagem,
the third by valour and refolution, and the
fourth by hardmip^ patience and induflry.
In the dangerous infurre&ion by Afhe and
Captain Cobler, his zeal for his prince's fer-
yice, and the welfare of the flate, was above
fcruple ;
ii8 The HISTORY of the
fcruple ; his army being with him before his
commiffion ; for which dangerous piece of
loyalty, he afked pardon, and received
thanks.
Two things he did towards defeating the
rebels, whofe fkill in arms exceeded his fol-
lowers, as much as their policy did his lead-
ers: firft he cut off their provifions, and next
he ftirred up jealoufy and fedition amomgft
them, which gave his Majefty time, by pre-
tended treaties, to draw off the mofl emi-
nent of the faftion, and to confound the reft.
This moft martial and heroic captain (fol-
dier like) lived for fome time in this ftrange
opinion, that the Soul of Man, was like the
winding up of a watch, that when the fpring
was run down, the man died, and the foul
determined.
But of this heathenifh notion he was con-
vi&ed, and being informed, that the Soul of
Man was a ray of Divinity clothed with flefh,
and that what was divine, could never die ;
but, upon the diflblution of the body, or
imfitnefs for its continuance therein, the foul
of
HOUSE of STA NLEY. 1 19
of man returned to the Almighty Being who
firft gave it, according to the doftrine of
Mofes, Gen. c, ii. v. 7. " And the Lord God
formed man of the duft of the ground, and
breathed into his noftrils the breath of life,
and man became a living foul."
Convinced of this divine truth, he after-
wards lived and died in the fear and love of
God, and in the belief and precepts of his
Redeemer, the holy Jefus,
This noble Lord married to his Ladv, one
of the daughters of Charles Brandon, Duke
of Suffolk ; by his fec'ond wife, a daughter
of Sir AruliGiiY Brown, Governor of Calais,
and by her had ifTiie a fon, named Thomas,
who was fome time Bifliop of Man, by the
title of Thomas Stanley, fon of Edward,
the firft Lord Monteagle. He fat as Bifhop
of that ifland, to the time of his father's
death, and then becoming Lord Monteagle,
he refigned that Biiliopric.
This Thomas, Lord Monteagle married
to Lady Ann, the daughter of Sir John
Spencer, of Althrop, in the county of
North-
120 The HISTORY of the
Northampton, and by her had iflue a fon,
named William ; who was the laft male iflue
of this noble family. He left at his death,
an only daughter and child, named Elizabeth,
but by whom hiflory is filent ; but record
informs us, that {he 'married to Edward
Parker, Lord Morley, and by him had iffue
a'fon, named William.
This William was by King James I. created
Lord Monteagle, by the title of Lord Mor-
ley and Monteagle ; and muft be allowed by
us, and all pofterity, to have been born for
the good of the whole kingdom : for by an
obfcure letter fent to him,, and by him pro-
duced to the King and Council, in the very
nick of time, a difcovery was made of the
moft deteftable treafon, that malice and
wickednefs could poffibly contrive or projecl.
For it being known that the King was to
come to the Houfe of Peers to pafs fome
bills, this dark and aenigmatical letter infinu-
ated, that the King and the whole Houfe
were to be deftroyed in a moment.
This caufed ftricl; fearch to be made round
the Houfe of Lords, and there was difcover-
ed
HOUSE of STANLEY. 121
ed an unknown cellar under it, wherein was
lodged a large quantity of gunpowder, with
a perfon ready (with a candle in a dark Ian-
thorn) to fet fire to the train, upon a fignai
given him. Thus, by the faid letter, the good
Providence of God, and the caution taken,
was prevented the deftrudion of the King,
and the flower of all the Nobility and Gentry,
of the Kingdom, when juft upon the very
brink of ruin
Having here finifhed the remarks we pro-
pofed, let us return to Edward, the young
fon of Thomas, the fecond EARL of DERBY,
whom his father fuppofed he had left under
the care and ward of the mod hopeful and
promifing truftees, being no lefs than nine
ecclefiaftics, and four lay-gentlemen, by
which he judged fufficient fecurity was pro-
vided for his foil's right and the prefervation
of the immenfe eftate he had left him.
But fuch is the pride, avarice and depravity
of human nature, that the greateft caution
mankind can poffibly take, oftentimes prove
too (lender to procure juftice and equity,
when private intereft and advantage come in
6 R compe-
i- The HISTORY of the
competition with them. An inftance of which,
will appear in the cafe before us.
No fooner was the faid noble Lord laid at
reft, but the mofl dignified of his choice
(whom the world might juftly have expected
the mod confummate juftice and reclitude
from) immediately made himfelf friend of
the Mammon of unrighteoufnefs ; and inftead
of fulfilling the truft repofed in him, took
care to divefl his young pupil of his juft
right, by fecuring to himfelf feveral large
manors in the county of Lincoln, and elfe-
where, which the Earl his father had held
from the crown, by leafe for life, which ex-
piring on his death. The good and pious Car-
dinal wifely took the opportunity of his
ward's minority to procure grants thereof to
himfelf; which brings to my mind an old
maxim in the Oeconomy of Life, " He that
trufteth to a Lord for his honour, and to a
Prieft for his charity, is in danger of being
deceived by the firft, and (tarved by the lat-
ter." The verity whereof the noble Lord be-
fore-mentioned had an ample fpccimen of, in
both the characters, in the perfon of Cardinal
Woolfey, Archbifhop of York, and Lord
Chancellor
HOUSE of STANLEY. 123
Chancellor of England, and his molt worthy
truftee.
In the nineteenth of Henry VIII. this
young Lord being then of age, was one of
the principal perfons appointed to attend the
fame Cardinal Woolfey, in that remarkable
embaffy to Francis, King of France, then at
Amiens, touching the making a war in Italy,
to fet Pope Clement VII. at liberty, at that
time a prifoner to the Duke of Bourbon,
upon his facking of Rome.
And in the twenty-fecond of Henry VIII.
having then livery of his lands, was one ol
thofe noble Peers that fubfcribed that memo-
rable letter or declaration to the laid Pope
Clement VII. reprefenting, That having for
a long time expecled his anfwer concerning
the King's marriage, they were obliged to
repeat their requeft, although the juftice of
the caufe, and the approbation of the learn-
ed of the mod celebrated univeriities in Eu-
rope, were fufficient, without any intreaties,
to prevail on his "Holinefs to confirm the
fentence of the divorce of Queen Catharine,
which King Henry then defired.
R 2 And
124 The HISTORY of the
And if he mould refufe, his Supremacy in
England would be in great danger : and
that they could make no other conftruclion
of it, but that they were left to feek their
remedy elfewhere.
j
And in the twenty-fourth of Henry VIII,
he waited on that King at his interview with
the French King at Bologne ; and in the faid
year, on the coronation of Queen Ann Bul-
len. he in his own barge attended her from
Greenwich, on which occalion he with the
Marquis of Dorfet, were made Knights of the
Bath, and after the ceremony was over, he
was cupbearer to that Queen.
In the twenty-eighth of Henry VIII. on
the infurreclion of the northern men, called
the Pilgrimage of Grace, the King directed
his letters to this Earl, to raife what forces
he could, promifing therein to repay all his
charges; and, as Mr. Hollingmead obferves,
by the faithful diligence of the EARL of
DERBY, with the forces of Lancafhire and
Chefhire, they were kept back and brought
to peace and quiet, though they were a very
great
HOUSE of STANLEY. 125
great number out of Cumberland, Weftmore-
land, and the north parts of Lancafhire.
The thirty-third of that King he marched
into Scotland with the Duke of Norfolk,
with an army of twenty thoufand men, where
meeting with little or no refiftance, they
burned feveral towns and villages, and fo re-
turned to England.
And in the thirty-eighth of that King,
when the High Admiral of France, accom-
panied by the Bifhop of Eureaux, the Earl
of Nantville, the Earl of Villars, and others,
came on a fplendid embafly to England, the
EARL of DERBY, by the King's command,
received them at Blackwall, and conducted
them to his Majefty at Greenwich. And on
the death of King Henry, and the acceffion
of Prince Edward his fon, by the title of
King Edward VI. the EARL of DERBY, and
the Marquis of Dorfet (afterwards Duke of
Suffolk) were on the twenty-fecond of May,
1547, elected Knights of the mod nobly Or-
der of the Garter. And in the fourth of
King Edward VT. the EARL of DERBY, was
one of the Peers' party to the articles of
peace.
126 Tlu HISTORY of the
peace, made by King Edward, with the Scots
and French, wherein the Emperor was alfo
included. And,
In the fixth of this King, he made an ex-
change with his Majefty of his houfe called
Derby-houfe, on St. Bennet's-hill, near Doc-
tors-commons, London, built by Thomas,
the firft EARL of DERBY, for certain lands
adjoining to his park, at Knowfley, in the
county of Lancafter, of which he was Lieu-
tenant during this King's reign.
After the above exchange, he purchafed
apiece of land, in Channon-row, near Weft-
minder, and thereon creeled a new houfe,
and called it Derby-houfe, which being
fmce fold by William, EARL of DERBY,
elder brother to the late Earl James, is
built into a court called Derby-court; and
upon the death of King Edward, and Queen
Mary's Acceffion to the throne, he was in
the firft year of that Oueen, * appointed
by her, Lord High-fteward of England, from
the day of her Majefty's coronation, which
was performed on the fifth of Oftober that
year,
* Sept. 29, 1555.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 127
year, with great folemnity. And upon ad-
vice of her Majefty's appointment, he fet
out from his feat of Latham, in the coun-
ty of Lancafler, to wait on her Majefty,
the eighteenth of Auguft, moft nobly at-
tended; having upwards of eighty Efquires,
all clad in velvet, and two hundred and
eighteen Servants in liveries, with whom
he arived at his new houfe, in Channon*
row, Weftminfter, in the greateft pomp
and magnificence.
In the year 1557, he received orders
from the Oueen and council, to mufter
what forces he could raife to march againft
the Scots, then affifled by the French King,
which he readily complied with; and was
one of the noblemen that attended Philip,
Prince of Spain, on his landing into Eng-
land, to be married to Queen Mary, who
before her marriage gave the houfe on St.
Bennet's-hill, London, called Derby-houfe,
and now in the crown, by virtue of the
above exchange, to Gilbert Dethick, the
then garter and principal king of arms ;
Thomas Hauley, clarencieux, king of arms
of
f Now the College of Arms.
128 The HISTORY of the
of the fouth parts ; William Harvey, alias
Norroy, king of arms of the north parts ; and
the other heralds and purfuivants of arms,
and to their fucceffors, all the capital mef-
fuage or houfe, called Derby-houfe t, with
the appurtenances, fituate in the parifli of St.
Bennet and St. Peter, then being in the te-
nure of Sir Richard Sackville, Knight, and
parcel of the lands of Edward, EARL of
DERBY; to the end, that the faid kings,
heralds, and puifuivants of arms, and their
fucceffors, might dwell together, and meet,
confer and agree among themfelves, for the
good government of their faculty, and that
their records might be more fafely kept, &c.
Dated the eighteenth day of July, in the
third year of Philip and Mary, 1555.
Upon the above Queen Mary's death, and
Q ueen Elizabeth's acceflion to the throne,
although (lie knew the EARL of DERBY, to
have been one of the late Queen's Privy-
council, yet fhe was fo well apprized and
fatisfied of his juftice, prudence and loyalty,
that fhe appointed him one of her Privy-
council ; and in the firft year of her reign,
gave him, and others of that body, commif-
fion
HOUSE of STANLEY. 129
fion to take particular care that all perfons
enjoying any office or place of truft under
her Majefty, fhould take the Oaths of Su-
premacy.
Likewife in the faid firft year of that gra-
cious Queen, he had granted to him by
patent, the high office of Chamberlain of
Chefter, for fix years ; and the next year
was made one of h^f Majefty 's moft honour-
able Privy-council.
But at this time being agfca, weak and in-
firm, he retired to his feat of Latham, and
there gave up his life to the Almighty Author
of his being ; and with humble resignation,
fubmitted himfelf to his Divine will.
By his will, bearing date the twenty-fourth
of Auguft, 1572, he bequeathed his body to
be buried in the parifh church of Ormfkirk,
Lancamire ; and ordered, that a chapel
ihould be there erected, and a tomb prepar-
ed for that purpofe, agreeable to his dignity,
which hath ever fince been the common re-
pofitory of his family and fucceflbrs ; the
ancient monaftry of Burfcough, where his
6 S anceilors
i 3 o The HISTORY of the
anceftors were laid, being totally demolifhed
in the diflblution of abbeys and monaftrys;
and departing. this life at Latham, on Friday
the twenty-fourth of October next following,
his body lay in Hate to the fourth of Decem-
ber after ; during which time, all necef-
iary preparations were made for his noble
funeral, which will be related hereafter.
In which interval, give me leave to relate
his marriages and iflue, with his fumptuous
and hofpitable manner of living, which ex-
ceeded moft, if not all, the noblemen in
England at that time, and even fmce.
This noble Earl married three wives : firlr,
Dorothy, one of the daughters of Thomas
Howard, Duke of Norfolk, by whom he
had illue three fons and four daughters, viz.
Henry, his firfl fon Thomas, his fecond
fon ; and Edward his third fon, of all which
in their order.
Ann, his firft daughter, married Charles,
Lord Stourton, and he dying, (lie married
Sir John Arundel, of Lamborn, in the coun-
ty of Cornwall. Elizabeth, his fecond daugh-
ter..
HOUSE of STANLEY. 331
ter, married Henry, Lord Morley. Mary,
his third daughter, Edward, Lord Stafford ;
and Jane, his fourth daughter, Edward,
Lord Dudley.
&
TQ his fecond wife he married Margaret,
the daughter of Ellis Barlow, of Barlow, in
the county of Lancafter, Efq. and by heir
had ifTue one fon and two daughters ; George,
who died young and unmarried ; Margaret,
his eldeft daughter, married John Jermin,
of Ruthbrook, in the county of Suffolk, Efq.
and after his deceafe, Sir Nich. Ponitz ; and
Catharine, the youngeft, to Sir John Knivet.
To his third wife he married Mary, the
daughter of Sir George Cotton, of Cumber-
mere, in the county of Chefter, by whom
he had no iffue. After his difeafe, Mary, his
widow, married Henry, Earl of Kent.
Henry, his eldeft fon, fucceeded him in
honour and eftate, of whom more hereafter.
Sir Thomas Stanley, his fecond fon, married
Margaret, one of the daughters and coheirs
of Sir George Vernon, of Hadden, in the
county of Derby, by whom he had iffue,
82 a fon,
i 3 2 The HISTORY of the
a Ton, named Edward, on which occafion he
made the following fettlement by deed, bear-
ing date the fourth of Elizabeth ; wherein it
is declared, That the feveral manors and
lands lying in the counties of Warwick, De-
von and Oxford ; alfo Dunham-mafley, Bow-
den, Rungey, Hale, ^ton and Darfield, in the
county of Chefter, now the eftate of him the
faid Edward, EARL of DERBY, (hall apper-
tain and belong to Sir Thomas Stanley, his
faid fecond fon a for life.
Remainder as a moiety to Lady Margaret,
his wife, for life ; remainder of all to the faid
Edward Stanley, their fon, for life; re-
mainder in fale-male to Henry, the firft fon
of him the faid Earl ; remainder to the heirs
male of the faid Sir Thomas Stanley ; and
remainder to the heirs male of the faid Ed-
ward Stanley, fon of the faid Sir Thomas,
and dame Margaret, his lady.
This Edward Stanley, the fon, became
(after the death of his father) Sir Edward
Stanley, of Enfham, in the county of Ox-
ford, and pofleflbr of ail the laid manors and
lands, by virtue of the faid fettlement ; of
whom more hereafter in due place. But
HOUSE of STANLEY. 133
But firft proceed to Edward Stanley, the
third fon of the faid Earl. He was a gentle-
man of the army in the fervice of Queen
Elizabeth, under the command of the brave
Earl of Leicefler, in Holland; where, at
the fiege of Zulphen, he acquired great re-
putation by a moft uncommon a&ion of va-
lour and undaunted courage. In the attack
of a fort of the faid town, a Spaniard bran-
difhing his lance at him, he caught hold of
it, and held fo faft, that he was drawn up
by it into the fort ; at which the garrifon was
fo intimidated (fuppofing all the enemy were
following him) that they- fled, and left the
fort to him ; for which hardy and valiant ac-
tion, the Earl of Leicefler knighted him.
and gave him forty pounds in hand, and a
yearly penfion of one hundre/d marks, pay-
able in England, during his life.
But fo it is (as obferved by the learned)
that
' The fortunate have whole years,
And thofe they choofe ;
But the unfortunate have only days,
And thofe they lofe."
For
13 \ The HISTORY of the
For who could imagine that fo gallant a
man, and fo well rewarded as he was, could
forget his duty to his Sovereign, and take
up arms againft her in favour of Spain,
whither he was obliged to fly, and die in
exile and difgrace, either not knowing or
forgetting the Spanifh proverb, which they
verified in him by flight and contempt; " That
they love the treafon, but hate the traitor."
Having given the reader the marriages and
iflue of the noble Peer aforefaid, likewife of
his fons and daughters, let us now attend his
funeral obfequies, which was conducted with
the greateft magnificence; a particular def-
cription whereof I met with in the hands of
an obfcure perfon near us, and may prove
acceptable to aR, as well as entertaining to
the curious; a tranfcript whereof I fhall give
verbatim, viz.
Firft, after his deceafe, his body was wrap-
ped in fearcloth, then in lead, and after-
wards chefted. The chapel and the houfe,
with the two courts, were hung with black
cloth, garnifhed with efcutcheons of his
arms, and on Saturday before the funeral,
the
HOUSE of STANLEY.
the body was brought into the chapel,
where it was covered with a pall of black
velvet, garnifhed with efcutcheons of arms,
and thereon was fet his coat of arms, hel-
met and creft, fword and target; and about
him was placed the (landard, great banner,
and fix bannerets.
On Thurfday in the morning before the
fermon, Henry, then EARL of DERBY, his
fon and fucceffor, being prefent, with the
Efquires and Gentlemen his attendants,
and the three chief officers of his,houfe,
viz. his Steward, Treafurer and Comptroller,
(landing about the body with white ftaves in
their hands, clarencieux, king of arms, with
his rich coat On^ publifhed this thankfgiving
and flile of the defuncl, in form following.
All honour, laud and praife to Almighty
God, who through his divine goodnefs, hath
taken out of this tranfitory world, to his eter-
nal joy and blifs, the Right Honourable Ed-
ward, EARL of DERBY, Lord Stanley and
Strange, and Lord of Man and the Ides,
Chamberlain of Chefter, one of the Lords
of her Majefty's molt honourable Privy-coun-
til,
136 The HISTORY of Ike
cil, and Knight Companion of the moft no-
ble Order of the Garter.
Next, of the manner and order of the
hearfe, wherein the body lay during the
iervice.
At Ormfkirk in Lancafhire, two miles
from Latham, was erefted a ftately hearfe,
of five principals, thirty feet in height, twelve
feet in length, and nine feet in breadth, dou-
ble railed, and garnifhed in the order and
manner following.
Firft, the top parts and the rails covered
with black cloth, the valence and principals
covered with velvet; to the valence a fringe
of filk, the majefty being of taffety, lined
with buckram, had thereon moft curioufly
wrought in gold and filver ; the atchievement
of his arms, with helmet, creft, fupporters
and motto, and four buckram efcutcheons in
metal, the top garnifhed with efcutcheons and
jewels in metal, fix great burial pafle efcutch-
eons at the four corners, and at the upper-
moft part, the valence fet forth with fmall
efcutcheons of his arms, on buckram in me-
tal,
The hearfe was placed between the choir
and the body of the church, which was alfo
hung throughout with black cloth, with ef-
cutcheons thereon, not only of his own arms
within the garter, but alfo impaled with the
three CountefTes his wives. Every thing be-
ing ready on Wednefday at night before the
burial, the order of the proceffion on Thurf-
day after (being the day appointed) was in
manner following.
!. Two Yeomen Conductors, with black
Staves in their hands, to lead the way.
Morgan ap-Roberts. Thomas Botel.
II. Then all the Poor Men in Gowns, two
and two, to the number of one hundred.
III. Then the Choir and Singing-men, to the
number of forty in their furplices.
IV. An Efquire bearing the Standard, with
his Hood on his head, and horfe trapped
6 T to
1^8 The HISTORY of the
to the ground, garnifhed with a Shaffron of
his Arms within the garter on his forehead,
and four Efcutcheons of Buckram Metal,
on each fide two. Peter Stanley.
V. Then the Defuncl's Gentlemen, mounted
on comely geldings, in their Gowns, and
Hoods on their moulders, to the number
of eighty.
VI. The Defuncl's two Secretaries riding to-
gether, as the other gentlemen before.
Gilbert Moreton. Gabriel Mafon.
VII. Then the Knights and Efquires in like
order, two and two, in number fifty.
VIII. Then the DefuncVs two Chaplains, with
Hoods on their moulders, according to
their degrees. -Bachelor of Divinity.
Matter of Arts.
IX. The Preacher, being the Dean of Chefler,
his horfe trapped, and a Doctor's Hood on
his moulders. Doftor Longworth.
X. The Defund's three chief Officers of his
Houlhold,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 139
Houmold, viz. the Steward, Treafurer and
Comptroller, with white Staves in their
hands, Hoods on their ihoulders and their
horfes trapped. William Maffey. Sir
Richard Sherborne. Henry Stanley.
XL Then an Efquire, bearing the great Ban-
ner of his Arms, with his Hood on his
head, and his horfe trapped and garnifhcd
with Efcutcheons, as before. Ed. Nprris.
XII. A Herald of Arms, with his Hood on
his head, his horfe trapped as aforefaid,
wearing the Defunct's Coat of Arms of
Damafk, and bearing his Helmet of Steel,
Pannel gilt, with Mantles of black Velvet,
the knots gilt, and on a wreath or torce of
hjs Colours, flood his Creft, curiouily car-
ved, painted and wrought in Gold and
Silver. Lancafter Herald,
XIII. Next a King of Arms, with his Hood
on his head, wearing his Coat of Arms,
richly embroidered with the Arms of Eng-
land, his horfe trapped and garnifhed as
aforefaid, bearing the Shield of Arms of
the Defunct, within the garter, and thereon
A Coronet. Norroy King of Arms.
T 2 XIV. Then
M o The HISTORY of the
XIV. Then another King of Arms, riding
in like order, bearing the DefuncVs Sword,
with the pummel upwards, the hilt and
chape gilt, with a Scabbard of Velvet.
Clarencieux.
XV. After them another King of Arms, ridr
ing in like order, bearing another of the
DefuncVs Coat of Arms, being wrought as
before - mentioned. Garter, George
Leigh, Efqr.
XVI. Then, on the left fide of him, rode a
Gentleman Ufher, with a white Rod in his
hand, his horfe trapped, and Hood on his
head. Edward Scafebrick.
XVII. Then the Chariot wherein the Body
lay, was covered with black Velvet, gar-
nimed with Eicutcheons, drawn by four
horfes, trapped with black, and on each
horfe was placed four Efcutcheons, and a
Shaffron of his Arms, and on each horfe
fat a Page, in a black Coat, and a Hood on
his head ; and on the fore feat of the
chariot fat a Gentleman Uiher, in his Gown,
his Hood on his head, and a white Rod in
his
HOUSE of STANLEY. 141
his hand ; and next the body, rode four
Efquires, being afliftants to the body, with
Hoods on their heads, and horfes trapped
to the ground. Robert Baxter, Robert
Dalton, R. Bradfhaw, John Prefton,
XVIIL And on the outfide of them, about the
faid chariot, fix other Efquires, with Hoods
on their heads, and their horfes trapped,
each of them bearing a Banneret, not only
of the Defun6t's Arms, but alfo the Arms
of fuch noble houfes whereof he was def-
cended, viz. the Arms of Thomas, the
firft EARL of DERBY of that name, Lord
Stanley and of Man, empaled with the
Arms of Eleanor his wife, daughter of
Richard Nevill, Earl of Salifbury, and
fifter to Richard Nevill, Earl of Warwick
and Salifbury.
XIX. The fecond Banneret was that of Geo.
Lord Stanley and Strange, the fon and heir
of the faid Thomas, empaled with the
Arms of Jane his wife, daughter and hei-
refs of John, Lord Strange, of Knocking.
XX. The third Banneret was the Arms of the
fecond
142 The HISTORY of the
fecond EARL of DERBY of that name,
Lord Stanley and Strange, and of Man,
empaled with the Arms of Anne his wife,
daughter of Edward, Lord Haftings, and
fitter to George Haftings, the firft Earl of
Huntingdon, of that name.
XXL The fourth Banneret was the Arms of
the Defunct, empaled with the Arms of
Dorothy, his firft wife, and daughter of
Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Surry,
and Earl Marmal of England, Lord Maw-
bray, Seagrave and Bruce.
XXII. On the fifth Banneret the Defuna's
Arms, empaled with the Arms of Marga-
ret, his fecond wife, daughter of Ellis
Barlow, of Barlow, Efqr.
XXIII. And on the fixth Banneret, the De-
funct's Arms, empaled with the Arms of
Mary, his third wife, daughter of Sir
George Cotton, Knight, Vice-chamber-
lain to King Edward VI.
XXIV. Next after the chariot, proceeded the
chief Mourner in the Mourning-robes of
an
HOUSE of STANLEY. 143
an Earl, and on each fide of him rode a
Gentleman Ufher, with white Rods in their
hands, hoods on their heads, and their
horfes trapped. Richard Afhton, Mar-
maduke Newton, Gentlemen, Ufhers.
Henry, EARL of DERBY, chief Mourner.
XXV. On the left fide of him, and fomewhat
behind, rode the Gentleman of Horfe to
the Defunct, his Hood on his head, his
horfe trapped, and leading in his hand the
horfe of eftate, all covered and trapped
with black Velvet. John Ormfton.
XXVI. Next after rode eight other Mourners,
being afliftants to the chief mourners, their
Hoods on their heads and moulders, and
their horfes trapped with fine cloth to the
ground. John, Lord Stourton, Sir
Rowland Stanley, Sir Pierce Leigh, -
Butler, Efqr. - Ratcliff, Efqr. Alex.
Rigby, Alex. Barlow, Wm. Stopford, Efqr.
XXVII. Then a Yeoman bare-headed, in a
black Coat, on foot.
XXVIII. Two fons of the principal Mourners
in
144 The HISTORY of the
in Gowns, and Hoods on their moulders^
each of them having a Gentleman to lead
their horfes. Wm. Stanley, Efqr.
Franc. Stanley, Efqr.
XXIX. Two Yeomen Ufhcrs, with white
Rods, on foot.
XXX. Then the Defunft's Yeomen, two and
two, to the number of five hundred.
XXXI. Then all the Gentlemens' Servants,
two and two ; and thus being whiffled all
the way, by certain Yeomen in black
coats, with black Staves in their hands,
proceeded to the Church- door, where the
fervants attended to receive the horfes. Be-
ing difmounted, thofe gentlemen that pre-
ceded the Corpfe, .entered into the Church,
and received their places according to their
degrees, leaving the hundred poor men
without, on each fide of the way.
Then the body was taken out of the chariot
by eight gentlemen in gowns, with Hoods
on their heads, a (lifted by four Yeomen in
black Coats, and borne into the Hearfe,
where
HOUSE of STANLEY. 145
where it was orderly placed upon a table three
feet high, covered with black cloth, and upon
him was not only laid a Pali of black Velvet,
but alfo his Coat of Arms, Sword and Target,
Helmet and Creft.
Taken out of the chariot, by William Oriel,
Jafper North, Francis Banes, John Meare,
Thomas Starkey, John Byron, Edmund Win-
itanley and James Bradfhaw, Gentlemen.
And thus the body being placed, the prin-
cipal Mourner entered the bearfe, where was
prepared for him at the head of the Defunct,
a Stool, with a Carpet and four Cufiiions of
black Velvet, to kneel and lean upon.
Then entered the other eight Mourners,
and took their places within the uttermoll
part of the hearfe, on each fide of the body,
four on one fide, and four on the other, each
of them having a Cu(hion of black Velvet, to
.lean upon, and their Stools covered with
black Cloth, and a Cuftiion of the fame to
kneel upon. At the feet of the Defuncl, with-
out the rails, flood the two Efquires, holding
the Standard and great Banner ; and on each
7 U fide
146 The HISTORY of the
fide of the hea^fe, the other Efquires, with the
Bannerets ; and behind the principal Mour-
ner flood three Kings of Arms, and the four
Gentlemen Ufhers ; and between the Stan-
dard, and at the great Banner, flood the Lan-
cafler Herald of Arms, wearing the Defunfts
Coat of Arms.
And thus the body being placed, and every
other eflate according to their degree, Nor-
roy, King of Arms, pronounced the Stile of
the Defunft as before-mentioned ; which end-
ed, the Dean of Chefler began his Sermon,
and after the Sermon, the Vicar began the
Commemoration, and after the Epiflle and
Gofpel, the Offering was commenced in Man-
ner following.
Firfl, Henry, now EARL of DERBY, being
principal Mourner, offered at the Altar for
the Defunc~l, a Piece of Gold, having before
him Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy, King
of Arms and Lancafler Herald of Arms ; and
on each fide of Garter, a Gentleman Ufher
and Efquire, to bear the chief Mourner's
Train.
After
HOUSE of STANLEY. 147
After him proceeded the other eight Mourn-
ers, two and two, according to their Degrees ;
and in like order, he, with the other Mourn-
ers, repaired to their places, where he remain-
ing a fmale time, went to offer for himfelf,
having Clarencieux and Lancafter Herald
only before him ; and having thus offered,
(laid betwen the Vicar and Lancafter Herald
of Arms, to receive the Achievements of his
Father, offered up by the other eight Mourn-
ers, in manner and form following.
Firft, The Lord Stourton and Sir Row-
land Stanley, offered up the Coat of Arms,
having before them Clarencieux King of
Arms.
Secondly, Sir Peter Leigh, Knt. and Tho-
mas Butler, Efq ; offered the Sword, bearing
the pommel forward, having before them
Norroy, King of Arms.
Thirdly, John Radcliffe and Alexander
Barlow; Efqrs. offered the Target of his
Arms, and before them went Clarencieux.
Fourthly, Alexander Rigby and William
U 2 Stopford,
148 The HISTORY of the
Stopford, Efqrs. offered the Helmet and
Creft, having before them Norroy, King of
Arms.
Which ended, the principal Mourner re-
paired to his feat, and on each fide of him a
Gentleman Ufher, with his Train borne by
an Efquire ; and before him Clarencieux,
King of Arms, where he remained until the
Offering was ended.
Then offered the other eight Mourners for
themfelves, viz.
The Lord Stourton and Sir Rowland Stan-
ley, .having before them Clarencieux, . King
of Arms.
Sir Peter Leigh, Knight, and Thomas
Butler, Efq ; and before them Norroy, King
of Arms.
John Ratcliffe and Alexander Barlow,
Efquires, having before them Clarencieux,
King of Arms.
Then Alexander Rigby and William Stop-
ford,
HOUSE of STANLEY, 149
ford, Efquires, having before them blue Man-
tle Purfuivant of Arms.
Thus when the principal Mourner and the
eight Mourner's Afliftants had offered and
were placed again as aforefaid ; then offered
the four Efquires, afliftants to the Defunct,
having before them Lancafter Herald of
Arms.
Then the Standard offered by the Efquirc
that bore it, and before him blue Mantle,
Purfuivant of Arms.
Afterwards the great Banner offered by the
Efquire that bore it, and before him blue
Mantle, Purfuivant of Arms.
Which Standard and Banners being offered
by them that bore them, they put off their
Hoods, and took their places amongft the reft
of the Mourners, being Gentlemen.
Then offered the Steward, Treafurer and
Comptroller, with their white Staves in their
hands, and Lancafter Herald of Arms before
them.
Then
i 5 o The HISTORY of the
Then all the other Knights, Efqrs. and Gen-
tlemen, wearing black, proceeding in order
two and two, according to their degrees.
Afterwards the Yeomen, Ufliers, and after
them the DefunQ's Yeomen two and two.
The Offering being ended, the hundred
poor men where placed to proceed homeward
on foot, and Gentlemen, on horfeback ; then
Garter, principal King of Arms, the princi-
pal Mourner, with the other eight Mourners,
two and two ; then the Yeomen on foot, two
and two.
THE BURIAL.
After whofe departure prefently the body
was by the eight Gentlemen, and four Yeo-
men carried to the grave, and before it, Cla-
rencieux and Norroy, King of Arms, and
Lancafter Herald of Arms ; and above the
body, the four Afiiftants and the fix Efquires,
bearing the Bannerets.
After the body went the Steward, Trea-
furer and Comptroller, with two Gentlemen
Ufhers,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 151
Ufhers, and two Yeomen Ufhers ; who, when
the body was buried, kneeling on their knees,
with weeping and tears, broke their white
Staves and Rods over their heads ; and threw
the fhivers into the grave.
That done, the fix Efquires delivered up
the fix Bannerets, which were prefenfeed
with the refl of the Atchievements ; order-
ly placed over, and about him ; and de-
parted to Latham-hall, where they received
their offices and (laves again of their new
Earl, now their Lord and Mailer.
Having brought this great and honour-
able Earl to his laft home (the Grave) let
us not bury him there in total oblivion;
but with Sir William DugdaIe,Mr. Cambden,
Mr. Hollinfhead, Mr. Stow, &c. lament his
death, and not quite forget the memory
of fo eminent and noble a fervant to his
prince and country, but endeavour to tranf-
mit to pofterity, for their example and imi-
tation, his mod renowned, Heady, and faith-
ful behaviour and conduft, under two Kings
and two Queens, as well in peace, as in war.
It
152 The HISTORY of the
It appears from all out Hiftorians, that
he lived in the greateft fplendor and magni-
ficence, without any dependence on the
court. His greatnefs fupported his good-
nefs, and his goodnefs endeared his greatnels.
His height was looked upon with a double
afpecl; by himfelf, as an advantage of be-
neficence and by others, of reverence. His
great birth raifed him above private re-
fpeft, but his great foul never above pub-
lic fervice.
He was kind to his tenants ; liberal to
his fervants ; generous to his friends : and
hofpitable to ftrangers ; he was famous for
houfe-keeping, and his extenfive charity :
infomuch, that Queen Elizabeth would jeft-
ingly fay, that he and my Lord of Bed-
ford made all beggars by their liberality.
His Houfe was orderly and regular, a
college of difcipline, inftruclion and accom-
plifhment, rather than a palace for enter-
tainment ; his and his lady's fervants being
fo many young gentlemen and ladies, train-
ed up to govern themfelves by their ex-
ample,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 153
ample, who they knew underflood them-
felves perfeftly.
His provifions were natural, all necefla-
ries, bred and provided of his own (lock,
rather plentiful than various, folid than
dainty, that cod him lefs, and contented more.
His table was conftant where all were wel-
come and none invited. His hall was com-
monly full, his gates always ; the one with
the honefl gentry and yeomen, who were
his retainers in love and obfervance, bring-
ing good flomachs to his table, and refolv-
ed hearts for his fervice ; the other were
the aged, decrepid, and induftrious poor,
whofe cravings were prevented ; the firfl
being provided with meat, the fecond with
money, and the third with labour.
In this northern infurreftion againft her
Majefty Oueen Elizabeth, he offered to raife
Ten Thoufand Men at his own charge, for
the fuppreffing thereof; but his appearance
in the field was fufficient, the holding up
of his hand being as effectual as the dif-
playing of a banner. In a word, Mr. Camb-
den obferves, that hofpitality lieth buried
7 X iri
3 5 -i The HISTORY of the
in this Earl's grave, (1572 the time of his
death) from whence may the Divine Pow^
er raife it and all mankind to everlafting
blifs, when there will be no poor to be
relieved, nor bounty wanted to relieve.
He had two hundred and twenty fer-
vants in a cheque roll for forty two years,
and twice a day fixty old aged and decrepid
poor, who were fed with meat ; and on
every Good-friday for thirty-five years, he
fed two thoufand feven hundred perfons
with meat, drink, and money. Every gen-
tleman in his fervice had a man and horfe
to attend him, and his allowance for the
expence of his houfe only, was four thou-
fand pounds a year, befides the produce
of his two large parks, and very great de-
mefnes ; infomuch, that his houfe was (tiled
the Northern Court. Neither was he mu-
nifkient upon other men's charge ; for once
a month he looked into his income, and
once a week into his difburfements, that
none (bould wrong him, nor be wronged
by him. The EARL of DERBY (he would fay)
" (hall keep his own houfe, that frugality,
juftice
HOUSE of STANLEY. 155
juftice and good management, might as
well confift with greatnefs, as length with
breadth,"
Therefore it was obferved of him, and
the fecond Duke of Norfolk, that when
they were dead, not a tradefman could de-
mand the payment of a groat that they
owed him; nor a neighbour the reftitution
of a penny that they had wronged him of.
It is a maxim that the grafs groweth
not where the Grand Signior's horfe treads,
nor do the people thrive where the noble-
men inhabit ; but here every tenant was a
gentleman ; and every gentleman my Lord's
companion fuch his civility towards the
one, and his kind ufage of the other.
Noblemen in thofe days efteemed the
love of their neighbour more than their
riches; and the fervice and fealty of their
tenants, more than their money. They
would commonly fay, Let the underwood
grow, the tenants are the fupport of a family;
and the commonality are the ftrength of the
kingdom. Improve thriftily, but force not
X 2 violently,
156 The HISTORY of the
violently, either your bounds or rents, above
your forefathers. Two things he abomi-
nated, depopulating inclofures, and avarici-
ous and unworthy enhancement of rents.
But now the landlord hath the fweat of
the tenant's brow in his coffers; then he had
the bed blood in his veins at his command.
The grand word with this noble Peer, was
on my Honour, which was efteemed fuffici-
ent fecurity for any engagement whatfoever,
and was the only aflervation he ufed; it was
his privilege that he needed not fwear for a
teftimony, and his renown that he would not
for his honour.
Great was this exalted family's efteem with
the people, and eminent their favour with
their fovereign, which was ever employed
in obliging their liege people, improving
their intereft and fupporting their throne;
for, though they had a long time been
Kings of Man, and with the hearts of the
people, yet were they as long faithful fub-
jecls to England. In a word, he had no
floth or neglecl to be furprized; no vanity
of difcourfe to lofe his matter; no partia-
lity
HOUSE of STANLEY. 157
lity to be biafled, no difcontent to fatisfy,
nor no paflion to be mifguided. In fine, he
lived in all capacities, a public good, and
died a common lofs; leaving in his family
that beft legacy, a good example, and in
his country, that lading monument, a
good name.
The late very great and eminent Lord,
whofe prudence, conduct, and mofl remark-
able life and aclions we have been juft
defcribing and treating of, was fucceeded
in his honours and immenfe eftate by his
eldeft fon Henry, Lord Stanley and Strange
of Knocking; who after his father's deceafe
was fourth EARL of DERBY of this fami-
ly, and was fummoned to parliament and
took his feat in the mod honourable Houfe
of Peers, the eighth of February after his
father's deceafe.
And being a nobleman in fedate years,
great learning, and exalted genius, as well
as of leading quality and confummate ex-
perience in all the maxims and policy of
public, as well as private life, he made an
early figure at court, where his royal mif-
trefs
i 5 8 The HISTORY of the
trefs was pleafed to diftinguifh and pro-
mote him by marks of her princely favour;
knowing him to be a perfon of the utmoft
probity, undoubted loyalty, and fteady
adherence to her perfon, interefl and go-
vernment.
.
In token whereof fhe dignified him with
the honour of the Garter, and conftantly
made choice of, and preferred him in all
momentous and critical afTais of (late, as
one whom (he could rely on, as her trufly
friend and faithful fervant.
The next appearance whereof was by
fending him at the head of a commiflion
(with fome other Peers) to Flanders, to
treat of a peace with the Prince of Parma,
then General to the King of Spain, with
whom her Majefty had been long at
enmity.
Soon after his return from that country^
the Queen was pleafed to honour him with
carrying the enfigns of, and invefling the
King of France with the moft noble Or-
der of the Garten
The
HOUSE of STANLEY. 159
The twenty-ninth of her reign, her Ma-
jefty was pleafed to appoint him by her
royal commimon, to be (with fome other
Peers) one of the Judges for the trial of
Mary, Queen of Scots, then a prifoner in
the Cattle of Fotheringay, in the county
of Northampton, where (he was arraigned,
tried, and adjudged to die, and was there,
accordingly, beheaded.
.
Some time after that tranfaclion, in the
Year 1564, her Majefty determined to
honour the ancient Univerfity of Cam-
bridge with her royal prefence ; in order
to which (he was pleafed to appoint this
noble Earl and his Lady, to attend her
thither, where they arrived on Saturday
the fifth of Auguft, the fame Year ; and
on the Queen's entrance into that College,
the Countefs of Derby was preferred to
bear up her Majefty 's train.
Likewife, on that Queen's vifitation of
her Univerfity of Oxford, this noble Earl
was appointed to attend her Majefty's
perfon to that place, where on Friday the
' fixth
160 The HISTORY of the
fixth of September, 1566, his Lordfliip was
complimented by that learned body, with
the degree of Matter of Arts.
And in the thirty-fecond of the fame
Oueen, he was by fpecial commiffion,
conftituted Lord High- Steward of Eng-
land, and fole Judge for the trial of Philip
Earl of Arundel, for Treafon.
And in the year 1588, the Queen was
gracioufly pleafed to grant to him by
patent for five years, the high office of
Lord-chamberlain of Chefter.
Some time after this, he determined to
vifit his Ifle of Man, and in order thereto,
came to his houfe at Liverpool, called
the Tower, where waiting a while for a paf-
fage, the * Corporation did themfelves the
honour to compliment him, by creeling and
adorning in a rich manner, a fumptuous
Stall or Seat, for his reception at Church,
where he feveral times honoured them by
his prefence.
Upon
* Records of Liverpool.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 161
Upon his return from the Ifland, he
retired to his feat at Latham, and I do
not find he appeared at court any more;
for by his will, bearing date the twenty-
firft of September, 1594, he ordered his
Body to be buried in his chapel at Ormf-
kirk, and departed this life at Latham,
the twenty-fifth of the fame month, and
was depofited in the Taid vault, according
to his defire.
This noble Earl married to liis lady, Mar-
garet, the only daughter of Henry Clifford,
Earl of Cumberland, by his wife, Eleanor,
one of the daughters and coheirs of Charles
Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by Mary, Queen.
Dowager of France, and younger fifter to
King Henry VIII. and by her had ifTue
four fons, William, and Francis, who died
young and unmarried; alfo Ferdinand, and
William, fucceflively EARLS of DERBY af-
ter him; alfo one daughter, who died
young, and unmarried.
Upon his demife, he left, befides the
above ifiue by his own lady, three natural
children, by cnc Jane Halfal, of Knowfley,
7 Y one
ifa The HISTORY of the
one fpn named Thomas, and two daugh-
ters, Dorothy and Urfula, for whom he
made a liberal provifion. Dorothy, his firft
daughter, married Sir Cuth. Halfal, of
Halfal, in the county of Lancafter, and
Urfula, his fecond daughter, married Sir
John Salifbury, of Sterney, in the county
of Derby.
Thomas his fon, by Jane Halfal, was
ililed Thomas Stanley, of Ecclefhall Efq;
on whom he alfo fettled the manor of
Broughton, and other lands, near Man-
chefler, which his fucceflbrs fold to Mr.
Cheetham, of Smedley.
He was fucceeded by Ferdinand, his
eldeft fon, in honours, and the Baronies
of Stanley and Strange, and fifth EARL
of DERBY, and alfo to his very great and
noble ellate. But fuch is the frailty of
human nature, the malice and wickednefs
of our fellow-creatures, and the infinite
variety of chances and accidents attending
human life, that all the care and caution
mankind is able to ufe, is not fufficient
to guard againil them, no nor riches, nor
power;
.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 163
power; neither of which were wanting in
the noble perfon we are now treating of.
He went off the flage of this world in
the flower of his age, to the great lofs or
his prince, family, and country, and in-
deed univerfally lamented; being of an
exalted genius, as well as birth, and al-
lowed by all to be one of the mod hopeful
peers of the age; and that which added
greatly to the general affliction, was the
uncommon and furprizing manner of his
death, as hereafter mentioned.
"
His royal miftrefs, the Queen, had at
that time many feditious and rebellious
fubjefts, who, to avoid the punifhment
due to their crimes, fled to foreign coun-
tries. Amongft whom was one Richard
Hackett, who was fent by thefe fugitives
to prevail upon this noble and loyal Peer,
to affume and fet up a title and claim to
the Crown of England, in right of his
defcent from Mary, the fecond daughter
of Henry VII. and younger fifter to King
Henry VIII. and at that time Queen
Dowager of France, who.fe grandmother
Y 2 was
164 The HISTORY of the
was this Earl's mother; threatening, that
unlefs he undertook this projected enter-
prize, and withal conceal him, the mef-
fengcr and infligator of it, he mould
{hortly die in a moft wretched manner;
but if he complied therewith, he might
be allured of powerful afliftance.
But this dutiful and loyal Earl, having
no defign or intention of claim againft
her Majefty, nor inclination to difturb her
peaceable pofleffion at the hazard of his
own life, honour, anS opulent fortune ;
confidered the propofition made to him
as a fnare laid for his deftru&ion, and
therefore rejected it with fcorn and indig-
nation.
However, thefe villainous menaces
proved not altogether vain, for within
four months after, this noble Earl died
a Tery miferable and furprizing death,
being feized and tormented by vomiting
matter of a dark rufty colour, infomuch
that he was fuppofed by the learned in
the practice of phyfic and others, to be
poifoned, or elfe bewitched.
For
HOUSE of STANLEY. 165
For there was found in his chamber, a
little image made of wax, with hairs of
the colour of his in the belly of it, which
occafioned many and various fpeculations,
conjectures, and conftru&ions concerning
the nature, meaning and effecls thereof;
but I have met with no remarks from the
curious of that age, touching the real
being, exiftence, or power of witches and
wizards, then or at any time in the
world, nor of any obfervations made by
them upon this extraordinary event, there-
fore fubmit fo -critical and obftrufe a
point to be difcufled by the learned of
our own times; and proceed to inform
the reader, that his gentleman of horfe
was greatly fufpecled to have had a large
(hare in this wicked fcene and removal
of his noble and indulgent matter out of
this world; for the fame day the Earl
took his bed, he fled away with one of
his beft horfes, and was heard of no more.
His vomit was fo violent and corroding,
that it ftained the filver and irons in the
chimney of his room, upon .which he had
vomited ; and when dead, though his body
was
166 The HISTORY of the
was wrapped in fearcloth, and covered with
lead, yet it fo corrupted and putrified, that
for a long time after, none could endure to
come near the place it was laid in, till his
burial.
By his will, bearing date the twelfth of
April, the thirty-eighth of Elizabeth, he be-
queathed his body to be buried in his chapel
at Ormfkirk, which was accordingly done the
fixth of May following. His death was uni-
verfally lamented, and greatly increafed by
the manner of it. He was good to his tenants,
kind to his friends, charitable to the poor, a
generous mafter, a loving and indulgent huf-
band, and a tender and affectionate parent ;
and had been honoured by his royal miftrefs
with the noble Order of the Garter.
He married Alice, one of the daughters of
Sir John Spencer, of Althrop, in the county
of Northampton, by whom he left ifiue three
daughters, his heirs general. The lady Ann,
his firfl daughter, being at his death, thirteen
years eleven months old, and afterwards mar-
ried to Grey Bruges, Lord Chandois ; the
Lady Frances eleven years and four months,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 167
after married to Sir John Egerton, fon and
heir of Lord Elfmere, then Lord Chancellor
of England; and Elizabeth, the youngeft,
feven years eight months old, after married to
Henry, Lord Haftings, Earl of Huntingdon
of all whom in their order.
This noble, but unfortunate Lord, (in the
uncommon manner of his death) was fuc-
ceeded by his younger brother, Sir William
Stanley, in the barony of Stanley, and Earl-
dom of Derby, but neither in his eilate nor in
the Barony of Strange of Knocking, the firft
being divided betwixt him and his nieces, the
heirs general of his late brother, as hereafter;
and the fecond devolving upon the faid heirs
general, with all the eilate appertaining there-
to, was feparated from, and inverted in them,
exclufive of the Houfe of Stanley, to whom
the Barony of Strange of Knocking fubfided
and became extinct ; as more fully will be
[hewn in its proper place.
Sir William aforefaid, was that great Sir
William Stanley, of whofe travels, martial
exploits, and bravery abroad, which this
county (cfpecially) gives us many large ac-
counts,
i68 The HISTORY of the
counts, as well in (lory, as fong, and frequent-
ly made themfelves merry therewith ; but be-
ing abroad at his brother's deceafe, and not
certainly known whether he was living or
not, the very great eftate he was as heir at
law entitled to, (being at this time in its full
extent) he found on his return all fettled
upon his brother's daughters aforefaid, under
the guardianmip of four Biihops, and four
temporal Lords, who poflefled every branch
of it to their wards' ufes, without any regard
to him, which, with the Barony of Strange,
and the Ifle of Man, was no lefs then a prin-
cely patrimony, for extent, income, and
power ; but he, unhappy gentleman, was
refufed admittance by the faid guardians to
any (hare of it.
In this melancholy cafe, having but few
Friends, lefs Money, and powerful Adverfa-
ries, who had little or no knowledge of him,
(nor indeed few others, by reafon of his long
abfence) yet kind Providence, the Guardian
of all who are in diftrefs, and over powered
by might, knew his juft caufe, raifed him
friends and afliflance to enter his claim in
law to his birth-right.
In
HOUSE of STANLEY. 169
In which feveral of the old tenants in and
about Latham, Dalton, Newburgh, &c.
who knew him from a child to be their natu-
ral and rightful Lord, fupplied him with
money to recover what was his right, or fo
much as he was juftly entitled to.
Upon which a difpute and conteft in law
arofe betwixt the faid Earl and the heirs ge-
neral, touching the claim and title to all the
late Earl's eftate in England, and alfo to the
Ifle of Man, whereupon the Queen appre-
hending that under the prefent unfettled flate
thereof, not only that many renegadoes of
the Englim and Scotch, but the Spaniards
alfo, her declared enemies, might refort to
that ifland, to the great difturbance of her
peace, and the tranquility of her govern-
ment.
For the fecurity and prevention of which,
her Majefty thought proper to commit the
charge and care of that ifland to her trufh:
friend and fervant, Sir Thomas Gerrard,
(after by her created Lord Gerrard, of
Bromley, in the county of Stafford) until
the controverfy then depending betwixt the
8 Z parties
i ;o T/is HISTORY of the
parties claiming, (hould be determined by
In the mean time the true and real title of
the laid Ifle of Man was called in queftiori,
and being brought before her Majefty's At-
torney-general, and other learned council,
they upon examination declared, That the
right thereof, folely belonged to her Majefty,
and that the Sanleys, EARLS of DERBY, had
no good title to that ifland, by reafon that
King Henry IV. foori after he obtained the
crown, upon the outlawry of William
Scroope, then Lord thereof, beftowed it
upon Henry Piercy, then Earl of Northum-
berland ; and upon his rebellion about fix
years after, granted the fame by patent to
Sir John Stanley for life.
But Northumberland not being attained
by Parliament, nor his poffeflions adjudged
to be confifcated ; and for that fome fhort
time after, the King and Sir John agreed,
that thofe letters patent to him for life, mould
be furrendered and cancelled, which was
done as before recited, and that he mould
have an ePia,te thereof in fee; fo that confi-
dering
HOUSE of STANLEY. 171
dering the grant for life was before fuch
time as the King was legally entitled thereto
by Northumberland's attainder, they pro-
nounced that the King could not pafs any
eftate for life; and alfo that the other grant
which had its foundation from the furrendcr
of the eftate for life, could not be of any
validity.
Whereupon, the Queen, agreeable to her
wonted goodnefs, having confidered the ma-
ny eminent fervices performed for her Ma-
jefty and her royal predeceffors, by the ho-
nourable and noble Houfe of Stanley, and
their long enjoyment of that ifland, without
any interruption, was gracioufly pleafed to
drop and withdraw all fuppofed right (he
might have thereto, as fuggefted by the fajd
gentlemen of the law, and to refer the
parties claimant to the decifion of the courts ;
and upon this head the Ifle of Man refted
under her Majefty's care, moft of the re-
maining part of her reign.
But the proceedings at law in England
touching the right to fo many and great
eftates there, and the filial portions and ad-
Z 2 vancements
i T 2 The HISTORY of the
vancements of the faid three ladies, were
profecuted for fix or feven years with the
utmoft vigour ; and in all that time no de-
finitive fentence could be obtained in favour
of either of the parties.
This tedious and delitary proceeding by
the court at law, added to the very great
efteem and high value her Majefty entertain-
ed of the great worth and merit of the faid
Earl William, as a faithful fubjecl:, a wife
counfellor, and a brave captain, with the
heavy expences he laboured under for the
recovery of his paternal right, together
with her Majefty s concern for the re-efta-
blifhment of the ancient, honourable, and
moft worthy Houfe of Stanley, gave her
Majefty great perplexity and anxiety of mind.
Wherefore, for her Majefty 's eafe, and the
removal of her royal concern, and the ac-
complifhment of her kind intention to fo
many loyal and dutiful fubje&s and relations,
(he, like a nurfing mother, meditated a re-
conciliation of all differences, difputes and
controverfies fubfifting between them ; and,
\>y the adiftance and advice of Cecil, Lord
Burleigh,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 173
Burleigh, Sir Robert Cecil, principal fecre-
tary of ftate, and many other kind friends
and relations to the honourable and noble
Houfe of Derby, her Majefty effected her
princely and benign intention, by being gra-
cioufly pleafed to propofe a reference of all
matters, pretention and claming interefls of
the feveral claimants, to which {he was fo
happy as to obtain their feveral and united
confent.
And for this good purpofe, the following
noble perfons were by her Majefty *s power-
ful intereft nominated and appointed referees
and arbitrators thereof The right honoura-
ble Cecil, Lord Burleigh ; the right honou-
rable Thomas, Lord Buckhurft, Lord High
Treafurer of England ; the right honourable
the Earl of Dorfet; the right honourable
Gilbert, Earl of Shrewfbury ; the right
honourable Clifton, Earl of Cumberland;
George, Lord Hundfon ; and the right ho-
nourable Cecil, principal fecretary of ftate,
and then Earl of Salifbury ; being the noble
and well affecied friends as well of the faid
William, EARL of DERBY, as of the faid
young ladies, daughters to Ferdinand, late
EARL of DERBY. Which
i 7 4 The HISTORY of the
Which faid honourable perfons, having
heard the faid parties themfelves, their learn-
ed council, officers, agents and fervants,
with other ufeful friends authorifed to appeal-
therein, advifedly heard and confidered the
feveral rights, titles and claims of all the
parties ; and did, by the confent of the par-
ties and their council, officers and friends,
for the appeafing, ending and extinguifhing
of all variances, claims, titles and contro-
verfies then moved and grown; or which
might afterwards arife or grow between the
faid parties, or any of them, touching the
faid premifes in queftion ; agree, order and
determine, amongft other things, that fuch
and fo many of the faid caflles, manors,,
lands, tenements and hereditaments, late par-
cel of the poffeflions of the faid Ferdinand,
late EARL of DERBY, in the towns, hamlets,
villages and places hereafter mentioned; and
in every of them, mould be aflured, convey-
ed and enjoyed, by and unto fuch perfon or
perfons, and for and during fuch eftate and
eftates ; and with and under fuch limitations,
powers, liberties, declarations and favings,
and in fuch manner and form as hereafter
mentioned, limited and exprefled.
Which.
HOUSE of STANLEY, 175
Which faid order and agreement fo made
by the honourable perfons aforefaid, as well
the faid William, EARL of DERBY, and the
Countefs Elizabeth, his wife, and reft of the
iffue male, defcended from the honourable
Houfe of Derby, and the faid ladies, Ann,
Frances- and Elizabeth, daughters of the
faid late Earl Ferdinand, before and until
their feveral marriages ; and fince their faid
marriages, their faid hufbands and they did,
and yet do hold themfelves well contented
and fatisfied. All 'which orders and agree-
ments were confirmed by acl: of parliament,
paffed the fourth of James I. as hereafter.
By which at and agreement, were ap-
pointed and yielded to the right honourable
William, EARL of DERBY, the ancient
feats of Latham and Knowfley ; with all the
houfes, lands, caflles and appurtenances in
Lancafhire, Cumberland, Yorkfhire, Che-
mire, and many in Wales ; alfo the manor
of Meriden, in the county of Warwick, with
the old feat in Channon-row, Weftminfter;
(now Derby-court) alfo the advowfon of the
parim-church of the Holy Trinity, in the
city of Chefler.'
And
176 The HISTORY of the
And to the faid heirs female, the daugh-
ters of the faid late Earl Ferdinand, the ba-
ronies of Strange of Knocking, Mohun,
Barnwell, Baflet and Lacy, with all the
houfes, caftles, manors and lands thereto
belonging; with feveral other manors and
large eftates lying in moft counties of Eng-
land, and many in Wales.
For the better and further aflurance there-
of to every party, and the prevention of all
future difputes, there were nineteen recove-
ries fuffered in the common pleas, London,
in one term, and feventeen at Lancafter, in
one affize ; and thus was compofed and
brought to final iffue, all difputes and con-
troverfies touching the lands and numerous
eftates in England and Wales, exceeding in
extent and value moft of the fubjecls in the
King's dominions ; by which the reader will
eafily judge what a terrible breach was made
therein by the faid divifion.
And though affairs at home were, after
much labour, ftruggle and expence, accom-
modated and eftablifhed as before ; yet the
moft princely branch (the Ifle of Man)
remained
HOUSE of STANLEY. 177
remained unfettled ; the faid ladies claiming
the fame right to that (as heirs to their father)
as they had done to thofe in England and
Wales ; and the difputes and contefts in law,
touching the right and title thereof, conti-
nued almofl as long as thofe had done in
England.
But the right thereto being brought upon
the carpet by Earl William, and his title
ftrongly afferted by him, the decifion there-
of in fome time came before the learned
judges of the feveral benches ; who upon
a full hearing of the council on both fides, '
declared the patent by King Henry IV.
granting the Ille of Man to Sir John Stan-
ley, and his heirs for ever, was warranted
by the common law, and that the heirs gen-
eral would take it before their uncle.
Whereupon the faid Earl was conftrained
to come to a treaty and agreement with the
faid heirs general ; as alfo with Thomas,
Lord Elfemere, then chancellor of England,
and Alice, his wife, widow of the late Earl
Ferdinand,, who had married the faid chan-
cellor, for the purchafe of all their feveral
.8 A a claims
178 The HISTORY of tfie
claims and intereft, in and to the faid ifland,
or any part or parts thereof; which he at
length affected and got into pofleilion of the
fame.
Upon which he applied to his Majefly
Kin lames I. and from him obtained a new
o iJ
patent or grant, confirming to him and his
heirs for ever the faid Ifle of Man, with all
the honours, powers, privileges and regalities
thereto belonging, or any wife appertaining,
in as full and ample a manner as it had been
granted to, or enjoyed by any former lord
thereof
Which faid letters patent, together with
the faid agreement, made with all the parties
aforefaid, the faid Earl had confirmed by a
fpecial act of parliament began at Weft-
minfter the nineteenth of March, the firft of
James I. and continued to the ninth of Fe-
bruary, the feventh of James I. as by the faid
acl:, wherein he fettled the Ifle of Man upon
himfelf and the lady Elizabeth, his wife for
life, and to the furvivor of them, and after
to James, Lord Stanley, his elded' fon and
Iieir, and the heirs male of his body ; and
in
HOUSE of STANLEY. 1 79
in default of fuch iffue, to Sir Robert Stan-
ley, his fecond fon, and the heirs male of his
body ; and in default of fuch iffue, then to
the right heirs of the faid Jarnes, Lord Stan-
ley, for ever, with a provifp, that neither he,
nor any of his fucceffors, fhouid either by
will, deed, or any other inftrument in wri-
ting, give, bargain, contract, fell, affign or
transfer the faid ifland, or any branch there^
of, from his or their own ifl'ue.
But in default of fuch heirs, then to the
right heirs of the faid Sir Robert Stanley,
under the faid limitations and reflraint as by
record thereof, returned into the chancery
of England, by writ of certiorari, bearing
date the thirtieth of July, the eighth of
James I. appeareth that the noble Lord,
whofe life and aclions we have here treated
of, was the fixth of his family, and was by
Queen Elizabeth, honoured with the noble
Order of the Garter, and the firft of James
I. was, by patent, made chamberlain of
Chefler, for life; in which office he ap-
pointed Henry Townfhend, Efq; his vice-
chamberlain, and after him fucceeded Sir
Thomas Ireland, of Bewfey, and after him
A a 2 Roger
i8o The HISTORY of the
Roger Downs, of Wardley, Efq ; and after
him Orlando Bridgeman Efq. who conti-
nued to the year 1640. when a new patent
patted, joining with his father, James, Lord
Stanley, for both their lives, and the furvi-
vor of them.
But fome Years before this laft patent,
viz. 1637, his lady being dead, and he
grown old and infirm, and defirous to with-
draw himfelf from the hurry and fatigue of
life, in which he had been very largely en-
gaged, and greatly encumbered (as hath
fceen related) and his fon James, Lord Stan-
ley, now advanced to the honour of Strange
alfo, (as hereafter) having married the mod
noble lady Charlotte, daughter to Claud de
Tremouille, Duke de Tremouille and Tra-
vers, in France, a lady of high birth and
agreeable fortune, and his fon, the Lord
Stanley and Strange, being a perfon of ex-
alted genius, highly qualified with learning,
and all the accornpliihments of a noble mind
and fpirit, his kind and indulgent father was
pleafed to honour and dignify him agreeable
to his quality, by the affignauon and furren-
der of all his eltate to him, and put him in
poffeflion
HOUSE of STANLEY. 181
poflefllon thereof, refer ving to himfelf only
one thoufand pounds per annum, during his
life, as by the following deed.
"Know ye that I William, EARL of DER-
BY, Lord of Man and the Ifles, &c. being
lawfully feized of and in my demefnes as
of freehold of fundry houfes, caflles, lands,
tenements and honours, as well in England
and Wales, as in the Ifle of Man ; do by this
my fufficient deed, under my hand and feal,
bearing date this eleventh day of Auguft,
1637, grant and furrender to my fon James,
Lord Stanley and Strange, and his heirs, all
my term for life, intereit and eftate whatfo-
ever, of, in, and unto the fame lands, tene-
ments and hereditaments, whereof I was fo
feized," &c.
Whereupon the Earl purchafed a conveni-
ent houfe on the fide of the river Dee, near
Chefter, whither he retired, and pafled the
evening of his life in quiet, peace, and pleaf-
ing enjoyment of eafe, reft and freedom of
body as well as mind, agreeable to the prac-
tice and fentiments of the wife fenators of
Rome, who, on like occafions, ufed to retire
to
182 The HISTORY of the
to their rural feats, as given us by one of
their own poets, viz.
" How blefl is he, who tired with his affairs,
Far from all noife and vain applaufe prepares
To go, and underneath fome filent ihacle,
Which neither cares nor anxious thoughts
invade ;
Does for a while, alone himfelf poffefs,
Changing the court for rural happinefs."
This Earl married the lady Elizabeth,
daughter to Edward, Earl of Oxford, by
whom he had ifiue two fons, James and Ro-
bert, (before mentioned) alfo three daugh-
ters, firfl Elizabeth, who died young ; fecond
Ann, who married Sir Henry Portman, of
Orchard, in the county of Somerfet, and af-
ter his death, Sir Robert Carr, Knight and
Earl of Ancram, in Scotland. The third
daughter (another Elizabeth) who died
young ; and James his elded fon and fuccef-
ibr we mall take notice of in due place ; in
the interim, Robert his fecond fon married
a daughter of Lord Witherington, by whom
he had iflue, who are all long fince extinct ;
as hereafter appears.
This
HOUSE of STANLEY- ^3
This noble Lord died in his retirement at
his faid houfe near Chefter, on the twenty-
ninth of September, 1642 ; and from thence
was conveyed to Ormfkirk, and there depo-
fited with his noble anceftors. But before
we proceed we have further to obferve, that
during this Lord's life, whofe eyes we have
clofed, in the midft of all his contefts and
druggies of life for a fhare of the great and
immenfe eftate of his anceftors, was applied
to for the repair of Warrington - bridge,
creeled by his noble and renowned an-
ceftor, Thomas, EARL of DERBY (as before
mentioned) and by them repaired and a-
mended as occafion required ; together with
the caufeway leading from it to the rifing
ground on the Chefliire-fide, to his time; as
before.
But he being under the calamitous flate
of continual fuits, contefts and daily expence
in law, for the recovery of his natural
right, and then not pofTeft of any, or but a
fmall pittance thereof, refufed his affiftance
to the amendment of that bridge, then much
out of order.
Upon,
184 The HISTORY of the
Upon which the gentlemen of Chefhire
confulted the judges at Chefter upon that
fubject, who advifed, that enquiry might be
made by them againft the next aflizes, if any
lands or tenements were fettled and appro-
priated by any of the noble family of Derby,
for the maintenance and fupport thereof,
and report the cafe to them as it appeared
upon the faid enquiry; which being fully
made, and nothing found fettled for the pur-
pofes aforefaid, they were advifed by the faid
judges to confult together with their neigh-
bours of Lancamire, of fome proper means
for the fupport, and reparation thereof.
Upon which a meeting was held by the
gentlemen of Chefliire and Lancamire, to
confider of this public affair wherein both the
counties were greatly concerned; the refult
whereof was, That as it had been built and
hitherto preferved at the good pleafure and
generofity of the Houfe of Stanley, without
any obligation upon any of them for the
continuance thereof, that for the future, one
county Oiould repair one half thereof,
and the other county the other half (as k l am
informed it is at this time) for the original
and
HOUSE of STANLEY. 185
and remarkable ftruclure and benefit where-
of (which begot the prefent town of War-
rington) they and all the ancient and pre-
fent landlords round it are greatly indebted
to the noble and illuftrious Houfe of Derby.
To whom fucceeded James, Lord Stanley
and Strange, his eldeft ion and heir, who was
called to * parliament by writ from King
Charles I. in 1627, the third year of his
reign, by the flile and title of Sir James
Stanley, Knight of the Bath, and Chevalier
de Strange, without any local place, and as
fuch fat in the Houfe of Peers feveral parlia-
ments, when his father fat there as EARL of
DERBY.
Of this noble iPeer we have much to
obferve, and (hall as near as we are able from
manufcript, hiftory and record, give the
reader the particulars of his mofl remarkable
life, and eve*v memorable tranfa6lion thereoF
in their pro|fer order of time, beginning
nrft, with the character given of him by
Sir William Dugdale ; who tells us, that
fetting afide the great ftate he lived in, and
8 B b his
* Journal of the Houfe of Lords.
i86 The HISTORY of the
his wonderful hofpitality and beneficence to'
his neighbours, friends and fervants ; he was
a perfon highly accomplimed with learning,
prudence, loyalty and true valour ; and was
one, if not the firil of the Peers that re-
paired to King Charles I. at York, when the
feditious, infolent and rebellious Londoners,
had drove his Majefty from Whitehall ; and
though he did not ufually follow the court,
or defign to advance his honour or family by
a complimental and obfequious attendance
of that kind ; yet, when he faw his Majef-
ty 's affairs required his affiftance, he thought
himfelf obliged both by his religion and alle-
giance, to ferve him to the utmoft of his
power, with his life and fortune ; and made
him a tender of both.
And although he obferved the minifters of
ftate about his Majefty looked coldly and
diftant upon him, perhaps thinking him either
too great or too popular (in their opinion)
to be much favoured or employed in that
critical juncture ; yet his Lordfhip (Magna
SubmiJJis roberc Mentis) prudently concealed
his fenfe thereof, and with the plainnefs and
integrity of his loyal mind, offered himfelf
ready
HOUSE of STANLEY. 187
ready to obferve his Majefty 's commands
upon all occafions.
And in his own words tells us, that in the
beginning of that war in 1643, ^ e tnou ght
himfelf happy to have the general applaufe
of his neighbouring gentlemen and yeomen,
as they would choofe .to follow him as they
had done his anceflors ; but whether this was
more to continue a cuftom, or the love of
his name or perfon, was hard to fay.
But this he knew, that he had raifed three
thoufand good men, who went with him out
of Lancafhire, to attend and ferve his Majef-
ty, and that he was extremely grieved to fee
the King in fo bad a condition, which made
him fpare neither pains, cofl nor hazard, to
aflift him in fo juft a quarrel ; he lent the
King all his arms, and his Majefty gave him
his warrant to receive as many from New-
caflle.
But fomebody was in the fault, his Ma-
jefty's warrant not being obeyed, nor he fup-
plied with arms and amunition as was ex-
peeled ; his Majefty alfo allowed and ordered
him a fufficient fum of money for his fer-
B b 2 vice ;
i88 The HISTORY of the
vice; but Tome of his fervants about him
thought fit to keep it for other ufes. " I fhall
not, fays he, enter into particulars, but only
fay, that this might (hew the King my good
intention in the difcharge of a good con-
fcience, and the prefervation of my honour,
in fpite of envy and malice."
The firft confiderable debate wherein he
eminently and perhaps envioufly (hewed him-
felf, was, concerning the moft convenient
place for fetting up the King's Standard,
York, Chefler, Nottingham, Shrewfbury,
and Oxford being in propofition, his Lorcl-
fhip having heard the feveral reafons and
opinions offered, and well weighed and con-
fidered the arguments for their fupport ; at
laft, with a quiet and calm humility inter-
pofed to the following effect : that with hum-
ble fubmiffion to his Majefty and his council,
he conceived Lancafhire to be a convenient
place to erect his Majefty 's Standard in, and
raife a confiderable army ; urging, that as it
lay in the centre of the northern counties,
to which the loyal parties of Yorkfhire,
Cumberland, Weftmoreland, Chefhire, Shrop-
fliire, North-Wales, and Nottingham (hire,
might
HOUSE of STANLEY. 189
might have ready and eafy accefs ; that he
apprehended the inhabitants of that county
both gentry and commons (at leaft for the
greateft part) well inclined to his Majefty's
jiiftcaufe; that the people are ufually very
hardy, and make good foldiers, and that he
himfelf, (though the unworthieft of his lieu-
tenants) would to the utmoft of his eftate,
contribute to his fervice ; and that he durft
promife three thoufand foot, and five hun-
dred horfe, to be furnifhed out at his own
charge ; that he made no doubt but in three
days to enlift feven thoufand Men more un-
der his Majefty's pay, and to make up an
army often thoufand men in Lancafhire, to
which the accefTes from other counties might
in a (hort time arife to a confiderable army ;
and that he hoped his Majefty would be
able to march to London walls, before the
rebels there could form an array to oppofe
him.
Thefe things thus propofed, his Majefty
and council took time to confider and re-
folve what to do on that momentous affair;
and a few days after, it was concluded, with
much diffatisfaftion to the party that favour*
ed
ico The
cd not his Lordiiup, that the
be fet up at Warnngto... li Lancafh
where his Majefty's army might hav*- ' -
venience of both Chemire and L. ire,,
for the quantites of both horfe anc
His Lordfhip upon this refolve vv
patched to Lancafhire, to prepare for :s
Majefty's reception, and to difpofe the coun-
try to be ready for his fervice. Immediately
on his return to Lancafhire, he muftered
the county in three places, on the heaths by
Bury, by Ormfkirk, and by Prefton ; where
at the leaft twenty thoufand men appeared
to him in each field, mod whereof were well
armed with pikes, mufket. or other weapons.
His Lordfhip intending to have done the
fame in Chemire, and North-Wales, where
he was lieutenant, but thefe things which by
his lordfhip were really intended for his Ma-
jefty s fervice, were by the envy, jealoufy,
or prejudice of fome at court, infmuated to
ferve other purpofes, fuggefting that the
Earl was a popular man; that he was no fa-
vourer of the court, but rather a male-con-
tent, that thofe noifed mufters which he had
made, were preindications of his ambitious
defigns ;
HOUSE of STANLEY. 191
defigns; that it was dangerous trufting him
with great power in his hands, who too well
knew his near alliance to the crown ; that his
anceftor, the Lord Stanley, though he ap-
peared with Richard III. and gave his Ton
George, Lord Strange, as a pledge of his
loyalty, yet turned the battle againft him,
and put the crown upon the head of Henry
VII. That his uncle, Ferdinand, had declar-
ed too boldly his pretenfions to the crown ;
that his lady was a Hugonot, bred up in the
religion and principles of the Dutch ; and
that for thefe and other good reafons it was
not fafe for his Majefty to put himfelf too
: ar into his hands, or truft him with too
great a power. Thefe invidious and injuri-
ous infinuations, not with ft and ing the King's
good inclinations towards him, fo far pre-
vailed and puzzled his council, that they
)erfuaded the eafy good-natured King to
change his refolution, and to fet up the royal
[tandard at Nottingham, to dived the EARL
of DERBY of the lieutenancy of Chefhire
and Wales, and to join the Lord Rivers,
newly made an Earl, in commiflion with him
n Lancafhire.
This
I 9 2 The HISTORY of the
This fuddcn and unexpected turn in his
Majefty's council being fuggefted to his
Lordfhip from York, gave him ibrne trou-
ble and anxiety of mind; yet, agreeable to
'his great temper, he quickly recovered him-
felf, and with great equanimity, fpoke to
this effecl. ' Let my mufter be happy, tho'
I be miferable ; and if they confult well for
him, I (hall not be much concerned what
becomes of me."'
" My wife, my children, my family and
country, are very dear unto me ; but if my
Prince and my Religion be fafe, I (hall blefs
even my enemies who do well for them
though in my ruin." Then with the advice
of his friends, whofe council he always ufed
in cafes of difficulty, he difpatched a gen-
tleman to York, with letters to his Majefly,
fignifying that he had read the exprefs of his
Majefty's good pleafure, as he ought to do
with fubmiflion and due obedience, that
though his enemies would not give him
leave to ferve his Majefty, they fhould never
fo far provoke him as to defert him ; that
if he might not according to his birth and
uality he permitted to fight for him, he
would
HOUSE of STANLEY. 193
would never draw his fword againft him; that
he did fubmiffively refign the lieutenancies
of Chefhire and North-Wales to his Ma-
jefty 's difpofal, but befought him to take
away that of Lancafhire alfo, rather than
fubjeft: him to the reproach and fufpicion of
a partner in the government.
Thefe letters being received and perufed
by his Majefty and council, had only this
effect : that the Lord Rivers was removed,
and the Earl left in the fingle command of
Lancaftiire. But the unkind and impolitic
ufage of this noble Lord (though by him
fuffered with the greateft refolution) was by
the country, who had the greateft venera-
tion for his family, highly refented, which
proved very prejudicial to his Majefty 's in-
tereft ; many gentlemen in the north, who
were well inclined to his Majefty 's caufe,
feeing the contempt and ill ufage of the
EARL of DERBY, either remained neuter,
or revolted to the Parliament with all their
dependencies ; fufpe&ing (as indeed it fell
out) that the EARL of DERBY being laid
afide, the country would never follow any
other commander, and that the King's inte-
9 C c refl
HISTORY of ike
reft would dwindle and be foon loft. Thefe
divifions and difappointments his Lordfhip
tells us, made the ill affecled in Lancafhire
grow proud, and the meaner fort thought it
a fine thing to fet up againft the great ones ;
and the Parliament being quickly informed
of thefe difagreeable 'circumftances and bad
management of the King's affairs, imme-
diately offered his Lordfhip what power and
command he would accept of in their fer-
vice, which his Lordfhip rejected with fcorn
and indignation.
Yet, the fame bait took with many others
that formerly had no inclination to the Puri-
tanical Faclion; Aftiton of Middleton ; Hol-
land of Hcaton ; Holcroft of Holcroft ; Hey-
wood of Heywood ; Birch of Birch, and
feveral others ; who, fuppofing on this flight
of the EARL of DERBY, that the whole coun-
try would be at their devotion ; took com-
miflions from the Parliament, and with all
fpeed garrifoned and fortified themfelves in
Manchefter, the Parliament encouraging and
affifting them with money and amunition.
The
HOUSE of STANLEY. 195
The royal Standard being about this time
fet up at Nottingham, and the country not
coming in as expefted, the King began now
to reflect on the ill ufage of the EARL of
DERBY, and by an expreis under his own
hand, defired him to raife what forces he
could in Lancafhire, and come with them to
him. To this his Lordfhip anfwered, that
the rebels had feized Manchefter ; that many
of the country had joined them, and others
had declared for a loofe and undutiful neu-
trality ; that the face of things was greatly
altered by his Majefty's march another way,
and that he could not now flatter his Majef-
ty with the accefs of fuch aids as he might
have done a few months pad ; however,
notwithstanding all the discouragements he
met with, he would ufe all his endeavours
to raife what forces he could for his Majef-
ty's afliftance ; and for that purpofe his Lord-
(hip iffued out his warrants for an appear-
ance of all his own tenants and dependants,
but durft not venture to make a general
mufter of the county, for fear of waking the
late fufpicions which were yet fcarce aileep.
From amongft his tenants and relations he
very foon raifed three regiments of foot, and
C c 2 thret
ig6 The HISTORY of the
three troops of horfe, and cloathed them at
his own charge, and armed them out of his
own magazine ; and when they were in rea-
dinefs to march, his Lordfhip ported to the
King at Shrewfbury, to receive his com-
mands. His Majefty guefling the dangerous
confequence that might enfue by leaving a
nurfery of rebellion behind him at Manchef-
ter, ordered thofe forces to attack that place,
and required the Earl, then with his Majef-
ty, to give direction to Colonel Gilbert
Gerrard, an old foldier, to draw before the
town. The Colonel obeyed his orders, but
the waters being then fo fwelled, he found it
difficult to fix commodious potts for his horfe
and foot, which occafioned fome delay in the
intended^ attack of the town ; and therefore
the Earl himfelf was, by his Majefty 's fpecial
command, fent thither from Shrewfbury, to
give a fpeedy onfet, and whether he carried
the town or not, to march up to the camp.
.
The Earl had not been four hours before
:hc town ere he fummoned them to fubmit
o the King's clemency, and to give up the
}lace upon honourable terms, but they with
$reat obftinccy refufed all offers of mercy;
on
.
~
HOUSE of STANLEY. 197
on which is Lordfhip gave orders for a
ftorm upon the town the next morning at
four o'clock, but that very night about twelve,
bis Lordfhip received letters from his Majef-
ty, intimating, that the Earl of EfTex was at
the head of the rebels, and now marching
from London towards him with a formidable
army ; that he flood in need of thofe forces
under his Lordfhip, and that if the town was
not carried, he mould not hazard any of
them by an affault ; that if he carried the
)attle againft Effex. thofe fmall garrifons
would fall of themfelves ; and that his Lord-
hip would, on receipt of thofe letters, forth-
with advance to him with what forces he had.
Upon this, though his Lordfhip made no
doubt to have gained the place by an eafy
aflault, and thought it would highly reflect
upon his honour to quit it reinfefta, yet,
complied without difpute or delay, to obey
the King's commands, well knowing how his
enemies at court would interpret any ac-
cident that might occur in any attempt con-
trary to the orders he had received; he there-
fore, to the wonder and regret of all his
officers and foldiers, gave directions for a
fpeedy
i 9 8 The HISTORY of the
^edy march by five o'clock in the morning,
. : i in two days brought to hL Majrfty ti .ec
,^-nnents of foot, and three troops of horie;
well hoping that he might have commanded
the troops raifed at his own expence, ^ a
I O ade in his Majefty's fervice.
However, his enemies, and probably no
iriciids to the King, fo far wrought upon his
Majefiy's too eafy and credulous temper by
fecrct, unjuft and malicious whifpers, that he
took the command of thofe troops from the
Earl, and difpofed of them to other officers ;
for which his Majefty only gave him for his
reafons, this fpecious pretence ; that it was
neceffary his Lordfliip mould attend his
charge in Lancafhire, and the motion of the
rebels there ; therefore defired him to haflen
back, and to do all in his power to prevent
the growth and increafe of their forces in
that county.
This noble Lord, though a perfon of great
temper, yet of as great a fpirit, was fo ruffled
at this unkind ufage, that he was fcarce able
to contain himfelf ; but in a little time reco-
vering from his great furprize, replied to his
Majeftyj
HOUSE of STANLEY. 199
Majefty, "Sire, If I have deferred this 'in-
dignity, I deferve alfo to be hanged : ;i not,
my honour and quality command me to beg
your juftice. againft thofe perfons, who in this
infolent manner, abufe both me and your
Majefty ; and if any man living (your Ma-
jefty excepted) (hall dare to fix the lead accu-
fation upon me that may tend to my difter-
vice, I hope you will give me leave to pick
the calumny from his lips, with the point
of my fword."
His Majefty, with a fmooth countenance,
appeared to entertain no difpleafure againft
his Lordfhip, but faid, " My Lord, my af-
fairs are troubled ; the rebels are marching
againft me, and it is not now a time to quar-
rel amongft ourfelves ; have a little patience
and I will do you right." Though his Lord-
fhip did with all moderation contain himfelf,
and ufed all endeavours to cover the diflatis-
faclion he was under, on the manifeft difho-
nour done him on this occafion, yet the mat-
ter could not be fo privately carried on, but
it was foon fpread through the whole court
and army. His Lord (hip's friends fpoke
plainly out, and his foldiers refufed to march
or
200 The HISTORY of the
or ferve under any other commander but his,
Lordfhip ; who, by his wifdom and temper,
compofed the minds of his friends, and pre-
vailed upon his foldiers to pay obedience to
their officers.
The rebels in Lancafhire were not ignorant
how things patted at court, and thought it
now a proper time to re-attempt his Lordfhip
with frefh offers of power and command;
and to this purpofe procured a new exprefs
from the Parliament to his Lordfllip, im-
porting, " That he could not but be very
fenfible of the great indignity put upon him
at court by the King's evil counfellors ; that
thofe enemies were the enemies of the nation ;
that they ftruck at religion and all good men,
and would permit none but Papifts, or peo-
ple popimly affected, to be near his Majefty;
that,it was the whole intent of the Parliament
to remove men of fuch defperate and perni-
cious principles from his perfon, and to fe-
cure the true Proteftant Religion ; that if his-
Lordfhip would engage in that good caufe,
he mould have command equal to his own
greatnefs, or any of his anceflors."
The
HOUSE of STANLEY. 201
The purport of thefe letters, raifed a
greater indignation in his Lordfhip, than all
the flights and indignities he had received at
court, whereupon he vouchfafed them no
other anfwer, than that he gave to the co-
lonel who brought the meflage " Pray tell
the gentlemen at Manchefter, and let them
tell the gentlemen at London, that when
they hear I turn traitor, I fhall hearken to
their propofitions, till then, if I receive any
other papers of this nature, it fhall be at the
peril of him that brings them,"
The rebels in Lancafhire had, by this time,
garrifoned Lancafter and Prefton, and in a
manner commanded all the county ; and his
Lordfhip having diverted himfelf of his
arms and magazines, was not in a condition
to make much refiftance againft them ; yet
he ufed all diligence to fortify his own houfc
at Latham, and fecretly got in men, horfe
and ammunition, and had in a month's time,
raifed a good troop of horfe, and two com-
panies of foot; and being advifed that three
captains of foot with their companies were
advanced to Houghton-common, within fix
miles of Latham, his Lordfhip with what
D d forces
202 The HISTORY of the
forces he had, marched out againft them,
and after half an hour's fight, defeated and
took the three captains prifoners (one where-
of was Venables, who was afterwards em-
ployed by Oliver Cromwell., againft Hifpa-
niola). By this defeat fo unexpectedly given
to that party, he made himfelf mafter of all
their arms, and ftruck fuch a terror in the
country, as greatly raifed his Lordfhip's re-
putation, infomuch that great ftore of horfe
and foot came daily and joined him, where-
by he foon began to confine the rebels to
their garrilbns.
About this time Lord Molineux coming to
Lancafhire to recruit his regiment, much
{nattered at Edge-hill and Brainford fights,
Lord Derby applied to him for the affiftance
of his forces, in order to reduce the garri-
ibns in thofe parts, which much annoyed
that part of the country, and greatly impe-
ded his Majefty's fervice ; to which Lord
Molineux agreed, and with their joint forces
marched from Latham-houfe in the dark of
the evening to Lancafter, without halting,
being about thirty miles, and appeared be-
fore the town at break of day, and fummon-
ed
HOUSE of STANLEY. 203
ed the garrifon to furrender, who refufing to
comply, the town was immediately ftormed,
and taken at the fecond aflault, in which the
foldiers were rather backwards in engaging,
which the Earl perceiving, took a half pike
in his hand, and calling out to them, faid,
" Follow me ;" on which fome gentlemen
volunteers joined him, which the foldiers
perceiving, chearfully followed and entered
the town, in which twenty foldiers were
wounded, and that gallant, loyal and worthy
gentlemen, Mr Blundell of Crofby, had his
thigh (nattered by a mufket ball. *
After taking the town and demolishing the
\yorks, his Lordfhip refrefhed his men three
days, and began his march the third even-
ing towards Prefton, where arriving early
the next morning, he fent a fummons to the
Mayor to furrender the town to his Majefty's
ufe ; who refufing to obey the fummons, the
Earl gave orders to affault the works in three
places, by Captains Chifenhall, RadclifF and
Edward Rawfthorne. Captain Chifenhall
entered firft, and being fupported by the re-
ferve, the town, after about an hour's fight,
D d 2 was
* Lancafier taken 1 8th of March, 1642.
204 The HISTORY of the
was fubdued, and about fix hundred of the
enemy killed, and the reft made prifoners,
except fome who efcaped by way of the river,
which was fordable. f His Lordftiip having
demoiifhed the works of this town alfo, and
judging that an ufelefs garrifon was not only
a lofs to his Majefty's fervice, but a plague
to the country, by pillaging and opprefling
them ; and having refrelhed his foldiers four
or five days, called a council of war, at
which he propofed a march to Manchefter,
then the chiefeft garrifon the rebels had in
the county ; urging, that now the enemy
were under great confternation, and the
works of the town inconfiderable to refolved
men ; that there were a great party in the
place well affected to his Majefty's caufe, and
he was advertifed, that on the appearance
of the King's forces, they would (hew them-
felves.
Therefore if it pleafed the Lord Molineux
and the other commanders (by whofe affift-
ance the late happy actions were atchieved)
to march with him to Manchefter, he would
either reduce the town, or lay his bones
before it.
This
f Preflon taken zift cf March, 1642,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 205
This propofal met with fome oppofition,
but after a fhort debate it was carried for a
march, and the army advanced that night as
far as Chorley ; but before two o'clock in the
morning, Lord Molineux was, by his Ma-
jefty's command, called up to Oxford, with
his regiment. Lord Derby with much im-
portunity, intreated his ftay but for four
days, that he might attempt fomething upon
Manchefter ; which the Lord Molineux and
the other officers with him, flatly refufed ;
producing their commiflions to make up their
regiment and broken companies, out of the
forces newly raifed by the EARL of DERBY.
'No doubt but this ufage muft be very
mocking to that great Lord, who, being not
only deferted by his auxilaries, but deprived
of his own forces, was left alone to fecure
himfelf by a retreat to his houfe at Latham ;
at which his and the King's enemies taking
new courage, united all their fcattered forces
into one body, and aflembled at Wigan, a
town newly garrifoned by his Lordmip, and
trufted to the command of Major-general
Blaire, a Scotch gentleman, recommended
to him by the King ; which town they took
and
2o6 The HISTORY of the
and plundered, to the very utenfils and plate
belonging the communion-table, which one
of their puritanical teachers (Tyldefley)
hung round him, as the fpoils and plunder
of an heathenim idol.
All thefe difcouragements, fufficient to
have funk the fpirits and fhaken the loyalty
of the mod affectionate and dutiful fubjecl:
in the world, ferved only to excite his great
and loyal mind, with thoughts how to re-
trieve all paft misfortunes; and when any
about him took the liberty of reflecting upon
the court, he was obferved to filence them
with that pafiage of Tacitus,
{; Pravis dilis fattifque ex pofleritate et
fama metus"
Whilft his Lordfhip was engaged in new
contrivances to advance his Majefly's fervice,
he received an exprefs from the King, im-
porting that his enemies had formed fome
projects to feize the Ifle of Man ; that they
had a party in the ifland in confederacy with
them ; and without his fpeedy care, it was in
danger of being loft ; then thanked him for
his
HOUSE of STANLEY. 207
his many good fervices in England, and be-
fought him to haften fpeedily thither, for the
fecurity of that place.
Upon his Lordfhip's perufal of thefe dif-
patches, he fpoke to his lady with more
than ordinary quicknefs and concern, faying,
" My heart, my enemies have now their will;
having prevailed with his Majefty to order
me to the Ifle of Man, as a fofter banifhment
from his prefence, and their malice."
His Lordfhip, who always knew how to
obey, and never difputed the King's com-
mands, was upon this occafion, under inex-
preflible grief and confufion of mind, being
as it were at a lofs how, and in what manner
to at at fo critical a juncture, with re-
gard to his Majefty's commands, and the
fervice he was capable of doing him in Eng-
land ; reafoning with himfelf in the follow-
ing manner : " I that have, with the few that
durft take my part, hitherto kept the greatefl
part of Lancafhire in fubjeclion to his Ma-
jefty in fpite of his enemies, muft now aban-
don my family, friends, and country's
fafety, to the malice of a wicked mul-
titude.
208 The HISTORY of the
titude, without either mercy or compaf-
fion."
But (as his Lordmip's memoirs go on) it
being now known that the Queen was at
York with great forces, I was advifed and
requefled by the loyal gentlemen then with
me, to go to her Majefty, and reprefent
to her our diftrefled fituation, and the necef-
fity of giving us fpeedy help and relief,
which I complied with, and left the few
forces I had in Lancashire, under -command
of Lord Molineux.
In my abfence the enemy pofTefled them-
felyes of the whole country, faving my houfe
and Sir John Girlington's ; and a misfortune
happening at Wakefield, which prevented the
Queen from fending any part of her forces
to our affiftance ; and the Lancafhire troops
yet remaining, taking a march towards York,
in hopes of meeting me there, were difap-
pointed, which verified the old proverb, that
" 111 fortune feldom comes alone."
For at this time a report was fpread, that
the Scots intended to aflift the Parliament,
would
HOUSE of STANLEY. 209
would land in the north, and in their way
endeavour to take the Ifle of Man, which
might prove of ill confequence to his Majef-
ty's affairs, to which I gave not much heed,
but continued my defire to wait on the Queen
at Oxford (where- the King then was) and
during my ftay there, I wrote the following
letter to my fon Charles, Lord Strange,
and had enlarged, but was fuddenly called
away, viz. " That I had received letters from
the Ifle of Man, intimating great danger of
a revolt there ; for that many people follow-
ing the example of England, began by mur-
muring and complaining againft the govern-
ment, and from fome feditious and wicked
fpirits, had learned the fame leffon with the
Londoners, to come to court in a tumultu-
ous manner, demanding new laws, and a
change of the old ; that they would have no
bifhops, pay no tithes to the clergy, defpifed
authority, and refcued fome who had been
committed by the governor for infolence and
contempt, &c. It was alfo reported that a
(hip of war which I had there for defence of
the ifland, was taken by the Parliament mips,
which proved true; and that it was judged
by her Majefly and thofe with her (as Lord
E e Goring,
210 The HISTORY of ike
Goring, Lord Digby, Lord Jermin, Sir Ed-
ward Deering, and many others) that I
{hould forthwith go to the ifland, to prevent
the impending mifchief in time, as well for
his Majefty's fervice, as the prefer vation of
my own inheritance."
Thus far I have digrefied to take off that
objection often afked, that when every gal-
lant fpirit had engaged himfelf for the King
and country, why I left the nation, deferted
his Majefty's fervice, and became neuter?
with many fuch like invidious and malicious
fuggeftions, to my prejudice ; but I blefs
GOD I am fully fatisfied of my own conduct
and integrity of heart, well remembering all
thofe circumftances, as well as the wicked
infinuations of my implacable and reftlefs
enemies.
How others may be fatisfied herewith, I
know not, but think this fliort relation, for
want of time to fet things in a fuller light,
may rather puzzle the mind of the readers, if
any {hould chance to fee it but yourfelf ; but
you, my fon, are bound to believe well of
your father, and I to be thankful to Almighty
GOD,
HOUSE of STA NLEY. 2 1 1
GOD, that you fo well underftand yourfelf,
and me; as for others, I am unconcerned
whether they underftand me or not.
Upon the above advice, by her Majefty
and friends, I returned to Latham, and hav-
ing fecretly made what provifions I pofTibly
could, of men, money and ammunition, for
the defence and protection of my wife and
children, againlt the infolence and affronts
of the enemy, prepared for my fpeedy voy-
age to the Ifle of Man ; taking with me fuch
men and materials, as might anfwer thole
ends I was fent about.
Leaving my houfe, children, and all rny
concerns in England, to the care of my w r ife,
a perfon of virtue and honour, equal to her
high birth and quality, who being now left
alone, a woman, a ftranger in the country
(and as the enemy imagined) without friends,
provifions or ammunition for defence or re^-
fiftance, concluded, that Latham-houfe would
fall an eafy prey to them, for which purpofe
they procured a commiffion from the Parliar
ment to reduce it either by treaty or force.
E e 2 But
212 The HISTORY of the
But before I proceed to acquaint the world
with the .conduct and bravery of this moil
heroic and noble lady, in defence of herfelf,
family and friends, give me leave to attend
her hufband, the puiflant EARL of DERBY,
to his principality of Man, and relate from
his own memoirs, the (late he found that
place in, with his conduct and management
thereof, and his observations of that iiland
and people, alfo his inftru&ions, by letters
from thence to his fon, the Lord Strange,
advifmg and inftrucling him in the govern-
ment of that ifland when it mould defcend
to him, with the conducl and management of
himfelf and family, in the courfe of his life.
My coming to the Ifle of Man proved in
good time, for it was believed by moft, that
a few days longer abfence would have endeo
the happy peace that ifland had fo long en-
joyed. When the people knew of my com-
if g, they were much affecled with it ; and on
my arrival found, that my lieutenant, Cap-
tain Greehalgh, had wifely managed the bu-
fmefs by patience and good conducl, and ob-
ferving the general diforder, had wifely con-
fidered, that the people were to be won as
tame
HOUSE of STANLEY. 213
tame wild beads, and not by violent wreft-
ling, left they (hould turn upon you and
know their flrength ; and who, tho' a pow-
erful prince, if 9. multitude rife againft
him, being alone, or with a few, can well
ftand againft them ? As it is not therefore
good that the common people {hould know
their ftrength, fo is it fafeft to keep them ig-
norant of what they may do, but rather give
them daily occafion to admire the power and
clemency of their Lord ; and this to be done
as often as he exercifeth Juftice and Mercy ;
the one without too much rigour (but ftill
according to the laws) and the other with
foftnefs, fit objecls, and upon thofe to make
his own aft ; for every aft of grace, or what-
ever is good and pleafmg, muft come im-
mediately from himfelf ; and never let it be
known that any particular perfon hath pow-
er or occafion to perfuade you to do what is
good andjuft; and if you be jealous that they
would think fuch an one your advifer, be
fure fome time to deny that man fomething,
that notice may be taken of it; and (hew the
world that Reafon and Juftice are the rule
you are governed by ; but if in any thing
you are obliged to be harfh, of that let ano-
ther
314 The HISTORY of the
ther bear a (hare ; and when you deny or
afflict, let another's mouth pronounce it.
The Captain before my coming had impri-
foned a faucy fellow in the face of the rabble,
who cried aloud, that they would all fare as
that man did, which he warily feemed not to
fear and only threatened to lay every man
by the heels that continued to behave in the
fame manner he had done; well knowing
that if he punifhed him at that time, the reft
would have refcued him, which would have
let them fee their own power, and how
little his ftarY of office could annoy or hurt
them. He then adjourned the court to ano-
ther time, and wifhed them for the future to
put their complaints in writing; and with
good words promifed to redrefs all their juft
grievances, and for that purpofe would lend
over to me, without whom he told them no
law could be changed ; with which they
were well pleafed, and fo departed.
Here you may obferve the benefit of a
good Governor; and indeed of any fervant
in any office of truft; for the firft judgment
we make of a great man's underftanding is
in
HOUSE rf STANLEY. 215
in the choice of his fervants and followers-;
for if they be good and faithful, then he is
reputed a wife man, as having knowledge to
difcern, and for want of this caution and
care, many great families in England are
ruined.
The Earl of DERBY'S Char after of Captain
GREEHA LGH, and his Reafons for his
Choice of him for Governor.
" Firft, that he was a Gentleman well
born, and fuch ufually fcorn a bafe action.
Secondly, that he has a good eftate of his
own, and therefore need not borrow of ano-
ther, which hath been a fault in this country;
for when governors have wanted, and been
forced to be beholding to thofe who may be
the greateft offenders againft the lord and
country, in fuch cafe the borower becomes
fervant to the lender, to the ftoppage, if not
the perverfion of juftice; next he was a de-
puty Lieutenant and Juftice of Peace for his
own country ; he governed his own affairs
well,
2i6 The HISTORY of the
well, and therefore was the more likely to
do mine fo; he hath been approved prudent
and valiant, and as fuch fitter to be trufted ;
in fine he is fuch that I thank GOD for him,
and charge you to love him as a friend/'
When the people are bent on mifchief it
is folly rafhly to oppofe them without fuffi-
cient power and force ; neither is it difcre-
tion to yield to them too much ; for reafon
will never perfuade a fenfelefs multitude ;
but keeping your gravity and Mate, comply
with them feemingly, and rather defer the
matter to another time, with a flu ranee that
you will forward their own defires, by which
you may gain time, as if convinced by their
reafons and not the fear of any danger from
them ; and by the next meeting you may
have taken off fome of their leading cham-
pions, and either by good words or fair
promifes foftened them to your own will ;
remembering that tumults are eafier allayed
by daring and undaunted men, then by wi-
fer ones ; for commonly the people more ef-
teem the bread, then the brain, and are much
fooner compelled than perfuaded.
It
HOUSE of STA NLEY. 2 1 7
It is fit to have chanty for all men, and
think them honeft ; but as it is certain that
the greater number of men are bad, I may
fear that few are good ; the fure way for a
right knowledge of this I took to be, by ap-
pointing a meeting in the heart of the coun-
try, which I did, and there wifhed every
man to tell his grievances freely, and I
would hear all complaints, and give them
the beft remedy I could ; by which I thought
thofe who had entered into any evil defigns
againft me or the country, might have time
to find fome excufes for themfelves, and lay
the blame and charge upon others.
And thus I chofe rather to give them
hopes and prevent their falling into violent
courfes before I could be provided for them;
and indeed I feared fo many were engaged
by oath and covenant, after the new way of
Scotland, that it would not be eafy to make
them fenfible of their error ; neverthelefs
matters were not fo ripe as I could have
wimed, and it was not amifs to addrefs my-
felfeven to the chief aclors in the bufinefs,
telling them fomebody was to blame; that I
apprehended the people were milled, and
10 F f that
2i8 The HISTORY of the
that it would be an acceptable fervice in thofe
who could bring them off it ; and that if the
common fort could be perfuaded of their mif-
take, it would hinder my further enquiry
into the bufmefs; upon which fome really
confefied their faults, and difcovered to me
the whole defign, by which I made one good
{rep, by dividing the faction, remembering
the old proverb, " Divide et impera;" upon
this each parifli gave me a petition of their
grievances, and I gave them good words,
promifing to take the fame into confidera-
tion ; upon which they appeared eafy, and
departed. After this I appointed another
meeting at Caftle Peel, where I expefted
fome wrangling, and met with it ; but had
provided for my own fafety, and if occafion
were, to curb the reft ; for in fuch cafes it is
good to be aflured, of which notice being
taken you will deal with them much better ;
otherwife the old faying is very true, " That
he who is not fure to win, is fure to lofe."
Many bufy-bodies fpoke Manx only ; which
fome officioufly faid, mould be commanded
to hold their peace, to which I objected, for
I came prepared to give them liberty of
ipeech, knowing by good experience, that
thofe
HOUSE of STANLEY. 219
thofe people were their mother's children,
loving to fpeak much, and fhould be dealt
with as fuch ; giving them liberty to put them-
felves out of breath, and they will be fooner
quiet, and be more content if you deny them
after much fpeaking, than if you prevent it.
It is good in all bufmefs where you muft
appear in public, to appear in fuch a man-
ner as may gain you the refpetl: and praife of
the people, and fo juft that all may look
upon you, I refolved to give them liberty
of fpeaking in- their own way (for to reafon
with them was in vain) provided they croffed
not my motions, which I was careful fhould
be juft and lawful.
And to bring my defigns to pafs, I had
fpies amongft the bufy ones, who after they
had fufficiently fpoke ill of my office, began
to fpeak well of me, and of my good intent
to give them all fatisfaftion their grievances
required; that they were affured I loved the
people, and that if any were fo unreafonable
as to provoke me, they would run a great
hazard ; that I had power to maintain my
actions, and there was no appeal.
F f 2 When
220 The HISTORY of the
When I took occafion above to commend
the worth of the prefent governor, I did it
as a rule to you in the choice of your coun-
feilors; and remember this benefit by council,
that all good fuccefs will be your glory,
and all evil your excufe, having followed
the advice of others, your counfellors are
not likely to be better than yourfelf, but if
they were, know this, that to afk council of
one's betters tieth to performance ; otherwife
to afk council is to honour him of whom it
is required, and you are at liberty to do as
you pleafe.
While I was here I became acquainted
with one Capt. Chriftian, who I obferved
had abilities fufficient to do me fervice; and
being recommended to me by a friend, I
enquired more of him, and was told he was
a Manx man born, and had made himfelf a
good fortune in the Indies ; and he offered
himfeif on thefe terms ; that being refolved
to retire into his own country, whether he
had the place of power or no, he would be
content to hold the ftaff of government un-
til I made choice of another, and would then
willingly refign, and as for the pay, he valu-
ed
HOUSE of STANLEY. $21
ed that fo little, that he would do the fer-
vice without any, or what pleafed me.
He was an excellent companion, and as
rude as a fea captain mould be, but fome-
thing more refined and civilized by ferving
the Duke of Buckingham about a year at
court. Thus far I cannot much blame myfelf,
but think if I had a jewel of value I prized
it at too high a rate, which he knew very
well and made ufe thereof to his own ends,
a bufing me and prefuming of my fupport in
all his actions, which from time to time he
gilded over with fuch fair pretences, that I
believed and trufted him too much.
Alfo I gave too little heed to complaints
againit him which was my fault, for which
I have been whipped, and will do fo no
more. While he governed for fome years,
he pleafed me very well, and had the quality
of the beft of fervants, for whatever I bid
him do, he would perform, and if it fucceed-
ed ill, would take it upon himfelf, but if
well, would give me the glory of it. This
he did while I continued my favours to him,
the denial of which would have been as un-
grateful
22- The HISTORY of the
grateful as unwife in me, if I mould not
thereby have obliged him to me as the only
means to keep him good.
But fuch is the nature and condition of
man, that mofi have one failing or other to
fully their beft actions, and his was that con-
dition which is ever found with drunkennefs,
viz. avarice, which is obferved to grow in
men with their years.
He was ever forward in making many
requefts, which while they were fit for me to
grant I did not deny ; but indeed a good fer-
vant would rather be prevented by his
Lord's generofity, than demand any thing
of himfelf, and chufe to be enriched, as if
enforced, rather than pretend to it, and
afcribe the benefit to the honour of his of-
fice, and not to merit.
But I obferved the more I gave, the more
he aiked, and fuch things which I could not
grant without much prejudice to myfelf and
others ; fo after a while I fometime refufed
him, on which it was fure to fall out, ac-
cording to the old obfervation, "That when
a prince
HOUSE of STANLEY. 223
a prince hath given all, and the favourite
can well defire no more, then, both grow
weary of one another." Ill fervants like fome
difeafes are eafily cured when known, but
are dangerous if undifcovered.
Thus far having attended the noble Lord
Derby to his Principality of Man, and relat-
ed his tranfa6lions there, with the great con-
fufion, diforder, and fedition he found the
people in on his firft coming thither ; and
alfo obferved his great prudence, judgment,
and temper in calming their paflions, heal-
ing their feditions, and reconciling them in
duty to their King, in obedience to himfelf,
and in friendfhip and unity with one ano-
ther: let us therefore for a while leave him
in peace, and the good efteem of his fub-
jecls, and return to the great and noble
LADY DERBY, and her children, at Latham-
houfe, and enquire of their welfare during
his abfence: whom he had left upon the ve-
ry brink of .danger, and for ought he knew,
utter deftru&ion.
We have already informed the reader,
that before his Lordlhip left England, he
had
224 Tkc HISTORY of Vis
had been advertifed that the rebels had got a
commifiion from the Parliament to reduce
Latham-houfe, by treaty or force, which in-
duced him to make all poflible provifion of
men, money and ammunition, for the fup-
port and defence of his noble family and
their friends, who had kindly offered their
beft afliftance; of which the great LAD.Y
DERBY being informed, and alfo of -the ma-
licious defigns and evil intentions of the ene-
my againft her, ufed all diligence to get in-
to the houfe more men, arms and provifi-
ons and to keep it at lead fo long as to pro-
cure honourable terms to quit it ; but this
was done by her with all poflible fpeed, pri-
vacy and caution, that the enemy might
not alledge her gathering of forces as an
act of public hoftility, and therefore haften
their approach, before her levies were got
in readinefs.
A true
[ 225 ]
A true and genuine ACCOUNT of the famous and
ever memorable
SIEGE
O F
LATHAM-HOUSE,
In the County of Lancajler.
BEGUN THE
Twenty -eighth of February, 1644; and car-
ried on by the Parliament army, under the
command of Sir Thomas Fairfax, General;
afliited by the Colonels Egerton, Rigby, Afh-
ton, Holcroft, and Major Morgan, Engineer,
to the twenty -feventh of May, 1644 ; when
Colonel Rigby, then commander in chief,
thought fit to withdraw the forces, and
march to Bolton: during which time the
houfe was defended by the renowned and
mod noble LADY CHARLOTTE, Countefs of
Derby, governefs, by the afliftance of Major
Farmer, and the Captains Farringlon, Char-
noch, Chifenhall, Rofthern, Ogle and Moli-
neux Radcliffe ; by whofe valour and good
conduct, the made fo brave and noble a de-
fence, as to occafion the raifing of the Ccge.
10 Gg -COLONEL
226 The HISTORY of the
"pOLONELAftnon of Middleton, Colonel
Egerton of Shaw, Colonel Holcroft of
Holcroft, and Colonel Rigby, with their re-
giments, and Sir Thomas Fairfax from York-
fhire, .with his troops, was called to their af-
fiflance, to befiege or take by florm (for
ought they knew) an unarmed Lady in her
Own houfe : but that which the heroic Lady
moft feared was, that they intended a fudden
aflault, from the multitude of their forces
then in view ; and that her own men being
but raw and unexperienced, would be there-
by terrified, and not make a worthy refill-
ance.
" She therefore caufed her men to be lifted
under fix captains, whom, for their courage
and integrity, (he chofe out of the gentlemen
that were in the houfe to her adiftance, viz.
Captain Farrington of Werden, Captain
Charnock of Charnock, Captain Chifenhall
of Chifenhall, Captain Rofthern of New-
hall, Captain Ogle of Prefcot, and Captain
Molineux Radcliffe. Thefe (he defired to
train, inftrucl, and encourage her men, be-
ing yet unlkilful and unfit for fervice.
The!
HOUSE of STANLEY. 227
" Thefe Captains received all their orders
from Captain Farmer, whom her ladymip
had made Major of the Houfe ; and he re-
ceived his orders from her Ladyfhip. He
was by nation a Scotchman, very fkilful in
the art of war, having been long in the
School of Mars in the Low Countries : a
man of true courage and approved conduct.
This worthy gentleman had the misfortune
to be afterwards (lain in the battle of Mar-
fton-moor, ferving there under Colonel Chi-
fenhall.
" This martial and heroic Lady command-
ed all the affairs of the houfe to be managed
with the greaterl privacy, and permitted
none to go out of the gates, but thofe flie
could trufl and rely upon, both for prudence
and loyalty ; the reft were fo concealed, that
when the enemy drew near to Latham-
houfe, they dreamed of no other re fiftance
but from her own fervants.
" In the interim the officers of the enemy
being advanced to Ormfkirk, two miles from
Latham, Sir Thomas Fairfax, as commander
in chief, fent on the twenty-eighth of Feb-
G g 2 ruary,
228 The HISTORY of the
ruary, 1644, a trumpet and a gentleman of
quality with him, to defire a friendly confor-
ence with the LADY DERBY, to prevent,
if it might be, all the mifchief that would
enfue by a mifunderftanding and breach be-
twixt her Lad> (hip and him. To this her
Ladyfhip confented.
" Whereupon Sir Thomas Fairfax, and
fome gentlemen with him, immediately came
from Ormikirk to Latham, and were admit-
ted to her Ladyfhip ; but in the mean time
by the advice of Major Farmer, to prevent
a furprize, or fudden affault, her Ladyfhip
caufed all her foldiers to be placed in very
good order, under their refpe6tive officers,
from the main guard in the firft court, down
to the great hall, where her Ladyfhip had
ordered Sir Thomas Fairfax, to be receiv-
ed ; and had placed all the reft of their men
in open fight, upon the walls, and the tops
of the towers, in fuch manner, that they
might appear to be, both numerous, and
well difciplined ; in hopes that this unex-
pecled appearance of fo much flrength with-
in, might give fome terror to the enemy
without; as (he feared their great number
without,
I
HOUSE of STANLEY. 229
without, might .difcourage her new raited
foldiers within.
" Sir Thomas Fairfax and the gentlemen
with him being arrived at the houfe, were
admitted, and received by her Ladyfhip with
the greatefl civility, when after a fhort ref-
pite, Sir Thomas acquainted her Ladyfhip,
that they were commanded by the Parlia-
ment to reduce that houfe to their obedi-
ence, and that they were commifiioned to
offer to her Ladyfhip an honourable and
fafe remove with her children, fervants,
and all her goods (arms and cannon only
excepted) to her Lord's houfe at Knowfley;
and that me mould enjoy one moiety of her
Lord's eftate in all places of England, for
the fupport of herfelf and children.
" To this her Ladyfhip anfwered, that fhe
was there left under a double truft, one of
Loyalty and Faith to her Hufband, the other
of Allegiance and Duty to her Sovereign ;
that till fhe had obtained their confent, fhe
could not give up that houfe without mani-
feft dlfloyalty and breach of truft to them
both ; therefore only defired one month's
time
2 3 o The HISTORY of the
time to know their good pleafure ; and if (he
obtained their conient, (he would quietly
yield it up ; if not, (he hoped they would
excufe her, if (he endeavoured to preferve
her honour and obedience, though in her
own ruin.
To this Sir Thomas Fairfax* replied, that
it exceeded their commiffion to give to her
Ladyfhip any further refpite for confederation
than that one day, and fo departed, obferv-
ing in his recefs from the houfe, the fituation
and ilrength of it, and the order and regular
difpofal of the foldiers, perhaps either con-
ceiving the number to be greater than they
really were, or fufpecling the refolution and
courage of the common foldiers of his own
party, or being a perfon of greater honour
and generofity than his confederates, judged
it ignoble and unmanly to aflault a lady of
her high birth and quality in her own houfe,
without any other provocation than keeping
her Lord's houfe by his command; a lady
that had left her country a^d kindred for the
enjoyment of the Proteftant Religion.
And
HOUSE of STA NLEY. 23 1
'" And agreeable thereto, at the firft council
of war after their return from the faid confe-
rence, he declared himfelf againft a prefent
dorm, (urged by fome) and advifed a regu-
lar fiege, which advice was greatly advanced
by a circumftance that occurred during the
time of the treaty with the Lady ; a captain
of the Parliament party then before the
houfe, obferving one of her Ladyihip's
* Chaplains whom the Earl had left with her
as a perfon well able to affift her with his
council, and would be faithful to her in all
her concerns ; who had received their edu-
cation together, and were not only well ac-
quainted, but intimate and familiar with
each other. At the clofe of the before-men-
tioned parly with the Lady, the Captain
getting an opportunity of free difcourfe with
the faid Chaplain, attempted by direction
from the commander of that party, to gairi
from him the fecrets of that council, by
which the Lady had refolved to keep the
houfe, and conjured him by virtue of their
ancient fiiendfh!, to tell him truly upon
what confidence me proceeded to rejecl the
offers made her by the Parliament, and
think
* The Rev. Mr. Rutter, afterwards Bifhop.
2 3 2 The HISTORY of the
think to defend her houfe againft fo great
a ftrength as was then before it encamped
in the park.
" To this the Chaplain deriving on the
fame defign with his Lady, to avert a fud-
den affault, anfwered, that upon a firm pro-
mife of fecrecyj . he would aquaint the Cap-
tain with the truth and myflery of that coun-
cil, viz. " That the Lady had but little pro-
vifion-of victuals in the houfe ; that fne.was
opprefled with the number of her foldiers ;
that (he would not be able to' fubfift above
fourteen days for want of bread to iupply
them; that me, hoped they would give a fud-
den onfet to the houfe, not from the mul-
titude and courage of her foldiers to give
them a repulfe, nor upon her own flrength
to difcourage the enemy to raife a fiege, me
rnufl inevitably be forced to furrender the
place. '
" The Captain, as the Chaplain imagined
he would, as foon as he came to the coun-
cil, imparted the conference with the Chap-
lain, as the grand fecret of the Lady and her
Captains; to which Sir Thomas Fairfax, and
the
HOUSE of STANLEY. 233
the Colonels with him giving credit, kid a-
fide all thoughts of a fudden force, and re-
folved on a clofe and formal liege.
" Fourteen days being expired, Sir Tho-
mas fent a fummons by a trumpet to the
Lady to furrender the houfe immediately, fup-
pofmg upon the infallible advice of the chap-
lain that her provifions were then all fpent;
but by this time her foldiers were well har-
dened, the walls well lined, the cannon well
fitted, and the Lady refolved to make a brave
defence, and fet the enemy at defiance.
" And therefore, by the trumpet was re-
turned, the following anfwer, " That as (he
had not loft her regard for the Church of
England, nor her Allegiance to her Prince,
nor her Faith to her Lord, (he could not
therefore as yet give up that houfe ; that they
muft never hope to gain it, till (he had ei-
ther loft all thefe, or her life in defence of
them."
" Whereupon, Sir Thomas Fairfax feeing
tire Lady's refolution for a vigorous refiftance,
and that the chaplain had only abufed the
10 H h credulity
HISTORY of the
credulity of the confident captain, left Cb^
lonel Egerton commander in chief, and with
him Major Morgan, as engineer, to manage
the fiege ; himfelf with his own troops being
commanded by the Parliament to other fer-
vice.
*" Latham-houfe ftands upon a flat, upon
a moorifh, fpringy, and fpumous ground,
was encompafled with a ftrong wall of two
yards thick ; upon the walls were nine tow-
ers, flanking each other, and in every tower
were fix pieces of ordnance, that played
three one way, and three the other. With-
out the wall was a mote eight yards wide,
and two yards deep ; upon the back of the
mote between the wall and the graff was a
ftrong row of palifadoes around ; befides all
thefe there was a high ftrong tower^ called
the Eagle Tower, in the midft of the houfe,
furmounting all the reft ; and the gate-houfe
was alfo two high and ftrong buildings, with
a ftrong tower on each fide of it ; and in the
entrance to the firft court upon the tops of
thefe towers were placed the beft and choi-
ceft markfmen, who ufually attended the
Earl in his hunting and other fports, as huntf-
men,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 235
men, keepers, fowlers, and the like; who
continually kept watch with fcrued guns and ;
long fowling pieces upon thofe towers, to
the great annoyance and lofs of the enemy*
efpecially of their commanders, who were
frequently killed in their trenches, or as
they came or went to or from them. Befides
all that is hitherto faid of the walls, towers,
mote, &c. there is fomething fo particular
and romantic in the general fituation of this
houfe, as if Nature herfelf had formed it for
a ftrong hold or place of fecurity ; for before
the houfe, to the fouth or fouth-weft, is a
rifmg ground fo near it, as to overlook the
top of it, from which it falls fo quick, that
nothing planted againfl it on thofe fides, can
touch it further than the front wall ; and on
the north and eafl fides, there is another rifing
ground, even to the edge of the mote, and
then falls away fo quick, that you can fcarce
at the diftance of a carbine (hot, fee the houfe
over that height, fo that all batteries placed
there, are fo far below it, as to be of little
fervice when engaged againft it (of which
more hereafter) only let us obierve for the
prefent, that the uncommon fituation of it
may be compared to the palm of a man's
H h 2 hand.
236 The HISTORY of the
hand, flat in the middle, and covered with a
rifing round about it, and io near to it, that
the enemy in a two year's liege, were never
able to raife a battery againft it fo as to make
a breach in the wall practicable to enter the
houfe by way of dorm. Now let us fee how
the enemy proceeded in their attack upon it,
after the departure of Sir Thomas Fairfax.
" Colonel Egerton pufhed on by the inve-
terate malice and fpite of Colonel Rigby,
gave orders for drawing a line of circumval-
lation round about the houfe; which being
obferved by the Lady and her Officers, they
refolved to give them fome difturbance in
their firfl approaches, and in a council a-
greed to make a fally upon them with two
hundred men, under the command of Major
Farmer, which was carried on with fo much
bravery and refolution, that they beat the
enemy from all their trenches, and purfued
them to their main guard, and e"ven as far
as prudence and good conduct would permit,
without hazard of being intercepted in their
retreat by the enemies horfe.
'-' This
HOUSE of STANLEY. 237
" This fally was made on the twelfth of
March, 1644-, wherein were killed, about
fixty of the enem^, and near as many more
made prifonera/with the lofs only of two
men. After this fmart attack by the befieged,
the enemy doubled all their guards, and drew
new lines about the houfe at a greater dif-
tance (as one effect of the fituation above
defcribed) called in all the country, and made
the poor men work in the trenches ; where
great numbers of them were flam by the fre-
quent fallies from the houfe.
" In about five weeks they finifhed their new
line, and then ran a deep trench near to the
mote, and there raifed a very ftrong battery ;
whereon they placed a large mortar piece
(fent them from London) from which they
caft about fifty (tones of fifteen inches diame-
ter into the houfe ; alfo grenadoes (otherwife
bomb-fhells) of the fame fize ; the firft of
which falling near the place where the Lady
and her children, with all the commanders,
were fat at dinner, fliivered all the room,
but hurt nobody.
The
The HISTORY of the
" The Lady and her Commanders obfervmg
the foldiers to be fomewhat terrified with the
frequent {hooting of thofe unufual and de-
ftruclive fire-balls, refolved at a council of
war, to make a ftrong fally, and attempt the
taking of that mortar-piece.
" Befides which, the enemy had twenty-nine
{hort cannon, and five longer for grenadoes ;
with feveral others, from which they fired
upon the houfe many days, particularly on.
the twelfth of April, when a cannon-ball
came through the Lady's chamber window,
but did little damage. Upon this the fally
above refolved upon, was put into execution.
The van was commanded by that brave and,
loyal gentleman, Captain Molineux Radcliffe;
the main body by Captain Chifenhall ; and
the referve by Major Farmer. In this or-
der they aflaulted the enemy's trenches with
fo much bravery, that after half an hour's
{harp difpute, they made themfelves mafters
of all their works, nailed up and overturned
all their cannon, and thofe that they found
upon carriages, they rolled into the mote,
and brought the mortar piece into the houfe,
and continued mafters of the enemy's works
and
HOUSE of STANLEY. 239
and trenches all that day ; and with the ut-
hioft pains and diligence, endeavoured to
deftroy and render ufelefs, every one of them.
" During all this {harp and bloody fight, the
heroic and moft undaunted Lady Governefs,
was without the gates, and fometimes near
the trenches, encouraging her brave foldiers
with her prefence; and as fhe conftantly be*
gan all her undertakings with prayers in her
chapel, fo (he clofed them with thankfgiving;
and truly it was hard to fay, whether (he was
more eminent for courage, prudence or fteady
refolution, or juflice, piety and religion : and
I think we may juflly infer, that the good
Providence of Almighty GOD, watchfully
protected her from the evil defigns and wick-
ed machinations of her incenfed and invete-
rate enemies ; who, as the prifoners informed
us had, about the time of our fuccefsful fally,
projected to fcale the walls on every fide of
the houfe with their whole army at one time,
and to deftroy the COUNTESS of DERBY,
and all that belonged to her.
* f The enemy having rallied their foldiers,
repofleffed themfelves the night following of
their
2 4 o The HISTORY of ike
their trenches ; and for five or fix days
wrought with all their force to repair the |
breaches that had been made ; in which, not-
withftanding, they were three times diflodged
and fcattered, by vigorous fallies from the
houfei
_
" Colonel Rigby, in the mean time, taking
occafion from the late defeat, accufed Colonel
Egerton of neglect and indolence in carrying
on the fiege, and got commiflion from the
Parliament to be commander in chief; and
to give him his due, though a rebel, was nei-
ther wanting in care or diligence to diftrefs
the houfe. He denied a pafs to three fick
gentlemen to go out of the houfe, and would
not fuffer a midwife to go into the houfe to a
gentlewoman in travail ; nor a little milk for
'the fupport of young infants, but was every
way fevere and rude, beyond the barbarity
of a Turkifh general. For a fortnight toge-
ther he was permitted to carry on his works ,
without much difturbance, the houfe being
in want of powder to make frequent fallies.
" But that defect being fupplied, which
they got in by a fally, the Lady propofed to
the
HOUSE of STANLEY. 241
the council of war, to make a frefli aflault
upon all their trenches ; which being agreed
upon, Captain Edward Rofthern led the van,
Captain Farmer the main body, and Captain
Chifenhall the referve; who (hewed their
ufual courage and refolution ; beat the ene-
my from all their works, cleared the trenches,
and nailed up all their cannon ; in which
fervice they flew one hundred and twenty of
the enemy, with the lofs only of three fol-
diers, and five or fix wounded.
" The enemy having lain four months be-
fore the houfe (in which time, by the con-
feffion of prifoners taken in the feveral fal-
lies, they had loft above two thoufand men)
Colonel Rigby fent the Lady a fummons of
another nature than thofe formerly fent by
Sir Thomas Fairfax, or Colonel Egerton.
" That he required and expefted the Lady
would forthwith deliver up the houfe to the
fervice of the parliament; that there was no
hopes of any relief from the King's forces,
which were then in a low and defperate con-
dition, and that if fhe refufed to deliver it
up, upon that fummons, fhe muft hereafter
expf^ the utmoft feverity of war/'
i> I i " Her
2i2 The HISTORY of the
" Her Ladyfhip having communicated this
fummons to the council of war, did, with
their unanimous confent, return by the trum-
pet who brought it the following anfwer (for
file refufed to give any anfwer in writing)
ei Trumpet, faid (he, tell that infolent rebel
Rigby, that if he prefumes to fend any other
fummons to this place, I will hang up the
meffeng'er at the gates."
" The EARL of DERBY being at that time
in the lile of Man, and alarmed with the dif-
trefs of his Lady and children, well knowing
her great and noble mind, that (he would
rather chufe to peri (h then give up herfelf
and them to Rigby 's mercy and difpofal,
haftened from that ifland with all poflible
quioknefs, and with the utmoft fpeed, im-
plored his Majefty's favour for the relief of
his Lady and diftrefled Children. His High-
nefs, Prince Rupert, having at that time
happily obtained a victory over the rebels
at Newark, his Majctty gave orders that he
fhould inarch through Lancamire to the re-
lief of York, then befieged by the enemy*
and to quicken his Kighnefs in his march,
t!a$ EARL of DERBY gave his foldiers a lar*
gefs,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 243
gefs, or carefs, of three thoufand pounds ;
which he had raifed upon his Lady's jewels,
conveyed to him out oi Latham-houfe by
a fally.
" His Highnefs, the Prince, entered Lan-
cafhire at Stockport-bridge, where he defeat-
ed a party of the enemy, commanded by
Colonel Duckenfield, and fome fent from
Manchefler to guard that pafs. Rigby now
hearing that the Prince had entered the coun-
try, and fearing a vifit from him, thought
proper on the twenty^feventh of May, 1644,
to raife the fiege of Latham-houfe, and march
with all his flrength, being about two thou-
fand men, to Boiton, a garrifon of the ene-
my ; which with the forces he found there,
and fome accefs from other places, made up
an army of three thoufand ; two thoufand
five hundred foot, and five hundred horfe :
with thefe he refolved to give defiance to the
Prince ; having there the advantage of high
and ftrong mud walls, with which, and a
large ditch under them, the enemy had
rnany months before environed that town/'
I i 2 The
244
The SIEGE and TAKING of
BOLTON,
In the County of Lancajler.
On the Twenty - eighth of MAY, 1644, by his
Highnefs, PRINCE RUPERT,
General and chief Commander of the Army of his Uncle,
KING CHARLES I.'
Prince being advertifed that the liege
of Latham-houfe was raifed, and that Rig-
by the late befieger with his army was forti-
fied in Bolton, refolved to do all that lay in
his power to avenge the affronts and abufes
put upon, and fuffered by the brave and moft
noble LADY DERBY; to whom he knew him-
felf nearly allied by canfanguinity of blood ;
therefore leaving their garrifon of Manchefter,
he haflened to Bolton, which being but of a
fmale circuit, and defended with three thou-
fand men, his Highnefs rightly judged, would
make a vigorous refiftance; however having
called a council of war, ordered his poll, and
prepared for a florm, he gave directions for
the affault, which was performed with much
gallantry and refolution by 'his men ; but be-
HOUSE of STANLEY. 245
ng greatly annoyed from the walls by the
nemies cannon, and the multitude of the
efendants, were obliged to retreat, and
uit the aflault, with the lofs of two hundred
(men.
i
" His Highnefs being greatly irritated and
filed by this repulfe, but efpecially by the
arbarous cruelty of the enemy, who mur-
ered his foldiers taken in the ftorm in cold
blood, upon the walls before his eyes ; with
\vhich he was highly provoked, and called a
fecond council of war, wherein he propofed
a fecond onfet; the EARL of DERBY confi-
dering how much he was concerned for his
Lady and Children, who, unlefs the town
was taken, would upon the Prince's depar-
ture, be again immediately befieged, requeft-
ed his Highnefs to allow him two companies
of his old foldiers, then under the command
of Colonel Tyldefley, and to give him the
honour to command the van, faying, he
would either enter the town, or leave his bo-
dy in the ditch. His Highnefs appeared un-
willing to hazard a perfon of his worth in fo
defperate an a&ion, yet upon his importunity
complied with his requeft : and things being
prepared
The HISTORY of Uu
prepared and ready, the Prince gave orders
for an aflault on all parts of the town where
it was poffible to make any approaches.
" The EARL of DERBY with his two hun-
dred men marched direclly to the walls, and
after a quarter of an hour's hot difpute, en-
tered the nrft man himfelf, who being bravely
feconded with frefh fupplies, the town was in-
ftantly attacked on every quarter; Rigby him-
felf got away, but left two thoufand of his
men behind him, moft of whom were (lain
upon the place, the Prince forbidding to give
quarter to any perfon then in arms, becaufe
they had fo inhumanly murdered his men in
cold blood.
" This aclion was performed on the twen-
ty-eighth of May, 1 644; and the fudden,
and furprifing conquefl of this town (juft
after fo fmart a repulfe) was chiefly attribu-
ted to the courage and refolution of the
brave EARL of DERBY, animated by a juft
concern for the fufferings of his noble Lady
and Children ; and to the bravery of the two
hundred Lancashire men he had the honour
to command on that occafion, who all
fought
HOUSE of STANLEY. 247
Fought with equal ardour for the relief of
their noble Lady Millrefs, being all tenants
and neighbours fons raifed, clothed, armed
and trained by that valiant Earl, but unge-
neroufly and difgracefully taken from him
by the King at Worcefier; whofe v, r eak and
eafy temper proved afterwards the ruin of
himfelf and his brave fubject, the EARL of
DERBY; who once in all appearance had
intereft and power fufficient, if a right ufe
had been made thereof, to have delivered
his Majefty from ,the power and malice of
all his enemies.
" The Prince having obtained this feafon-
able victory over the rebels in Bolton, itnt
all the colours taken there, by Sir Rich-
ard Lane, to the LADY DERBY, which her
Ladyfhip received as a fmgular honour as well
as comfort, and caufecl them to be hung up
in Latham-houfe, as a happy remembrance
of GOD'S mercy and goodnefs to her and her
family.
" From this place, after fome days reft, his
Highnefs was prevailed upon to march to Li-
verpool, to reduce that town, where the ene-
my
248 The HISTORY of the
my had a ftrong garrifon, under the command
of Colonel Moor, a worthy member of that
rebellious junto, who fat at Weftminfler,
and took upon them to order and direft all
the public affairs and government of the
kingdom.
PARTI-
[ 249 ]
PARTICULARS
Of the SIEGE and T A K I N G of
LIVERPOOL,
On or about the Twenty -fixth 0/JuxE, 1644,
BY THE SAME PRINCE.
With a Defcription and Situation of the Town.
" T TPON the Prince's arrival near Liver-
^ pool, he was informed that it was
well fortified with a ftrong and high mud
wall, and a ditch of twelve yards wide, and
near three yards deep, inclofing the town
from the eaft-end of the ftreet called Dale-
ftreet, and fo northward to the river ; and
from Dale-ftreet end eaft, and fouth-eaft,
being a low marfhy ground, was covered
with water from the river, and batteries
erefted within to cover and guard againtl:
all pafiage over or through that water. All
the ftreet ends to the river were (hut up,
and thofe to the land inclofed with ftrong
gates, defended by cannon. All ufelefs women
and children were fent to their friends in the
country, on both fides the river. There was
alfo a ftrong caftle on the fouth, furrounded
11 K k v.'ith
250 The HISTORY of the
with a ditch of twelve yards wide, and ten
yards deep, from which to the river was a
covered way, through which the ditch was
filled with water, and by which when the
tide was out, they - brought in men, provifi-
ons and ftores of war, as occafion required.
" In and upon this caftle were planted ma-
ny cannon, as well to annoy the befiegers at
a diftance, as to cover the mips in the har-
bour; which was then where the dock is now,
and at the entrance whereof was a fort of
eight guns to guard that, and to prevent all
paifages by the river fide at low water. Be-
lides all thefe advantages of defence, there
was one molt unhappy circumflance to many
diftreffed families, but very lucky to the be-
fieged ; for in thofe diftracled, confufed and
rebellious times, great numbers of the Eng-
liih Proteftants had been mafiacred in Ire-
land, and thofe who efcaped with life, oblig-
ed to fly to England for refuge and fafety,
bringing with them all the effects they pofii-
ly could for fupport ; amongft which was
great quantities of wool, with which the be-
fieged covered the tops of their mud wails
which faved them greatly from the fmall mot
of
'
HOUSE of STANLEY. 25 1
of the befiegers. The garrifon within was nu-
merous, and ftored with ajms and ammunition
of all kinds, and in this (late thought them-
felves able to give the Prince a hearty wel-
come on his vifitation.
" Liverpool is fituated upon a ridge of
land, on the eaft fide of the river Merfey,
runing from the north fide of the town for
about a mile to the fouth fide thereof, where
it falls to a flat; but in its form, for the
mod part, declines on the weft fide to the
river, and on the eaft fide to the country.
" The town was at that time but fmall, ei-
ther in appearance or reality to what it is
now; however the fortifications of it then
included moft of all the town, as it is at pre-
fent : the river is about a mile broad, from
bank to bank, and of depth fufficient for re-
ception of the largeft mips up to the town :
the country near it is high land, which ren-
ders it unfit to fuftain a long fiege.
" This made the Prince upon his near ap-
proach and view of the town, being unac-
quainted with its fituation (one fide declining
K k 2 to
252 The HISTORY of the
to the country, and the other to the river, as
before-mentioned, fo that he could fee but
little of it) to compare it to a crow's neft; but
ere he became matter of it he faid it might
have been an Eagle's neft or a den of Lions.
" He fixed his main camp round the bea-
con, a large mile from the town, and his of-
ficers in the villages near it ; from whence he
brought a detachment every day to open the
trenches and creel batteries : the latter were
moftly placed upon the ridge of ground run-
ning from the north of Townfend-mill, to
the prefent copper works and mills, and the
trenches in the lower grounds under them.
He relieved his trenches and batteries from
his camp, twice every twenty-four hours, and
from them he battered the town, and attacked
the beiieged and their works very frequently
by way of ftorm, but was always repulfed
with great (laughter of his foldiers for the
fpace of a month, or thereabouts ; when fomc
obferved, that the befieged on the north fide
deferted their works and guard of them ;
but others fay, that Colonel Moor obferving
that they muft be taken, to ingratiate himfeif
with the Prince, to fave his houfe and effects
at
HOUSE of STANLEY. 253 .
at Bank-hall, near it, gave directions to the
foldiers to retreat from thofe works ; but be
that as it may, deferted they were on the
north fide, and the Prince's army entered the
town on that fide about three in the morning,
and put all to the fword they met with, from
their entrance to the High Crofs, which flood
where the Exchange now ftands, where they
met with a regiment of fokiiers from the
caflle, drawn up in battle array, who beat a
parley and demanded quarter; which on
treaty they were allowed, but without any
other articles than prifoners of war, and fur-
render of the caftle, with their perfons and
arms ; upon which they were all fent to the
Tower, St. Nichols's Church, &c. the Prince
taking pofleflion of the caftle himfelf."
His Highnefs having reduced Liverpool,
was intreated by Lord Derby to take Latham-
houfe in his inarch to York, and there refrefh
himfelf and his men for a few days, which he
was pleafed to comply with ; and on his
coming to Latham, found that houfe moft
flrangely mattered by the enemies cannon
and mortar pieces. However he was, with
all his chief commanders, treated agreeably
to
254 The HISTORY of the
to the greatnefs of his perfon and merit, and
with all the exprefiions of thankfulnefs by
the EARL of DERBY and his moil renowned
: Lady. for his feafonable relief of them and
their family.
The Prince having viewed, and well con-
iidered the commodious fituation of Latham-
houfe, and the ftrength of the towers, with
their regular pofition for the defence, of one
another, the walls, &c. gave directions for
adding to them baftions, counterfcarps, &c.
and all other out-works neceflary for the
better defence thereof upon another fiege
when it mould happen ; and then, at the re-
queft of the LADY DERBY, gave the govern-
ment and keeping of the houfe, to the care
and conducl of Captain Edward Rofthern,
whom the Prince made Colonel of a regi-
ment of foot, and gave him two troops of
horfe for its defence.
Captain Chifenhall, another of thofe brave
commanders who had well deferved honour,
not only in the fiege of that houfe, but on
other remarkable occafions, was alfo by the
Prince made Colonel of a regiment of foot^
and marched with his Highnefs to York.
The
HOUSE of STANLEY. 255
The Prince having now recruited his army
with men, arms and ammunition, and all
other neceflaries for his march, defired the
EARL of DERBY to return to his charge of
the Ifle of Man ; as being probably better
acquainted with thofe undeferved jealoufies
and fufpicions ftill fubfifting againft him,
than the Prince himfelf was ; and of the ap-
prehenfions fome great ones about the King
had of a mifapplication of too much power
entrufted to him who had fo near an alliance
to the crown ; therefore urged the Earl to a
compliance with his requeft, and to take his
Lady and Children with him, not knowing
yet what might be the ifTue or fuccefs of the
war in England ; adding, that the children
of fuch a father and mother might, in their
generation, become as ufeful and ferviceable
to their Prince, as their parents had been.
Some time after this, the battle of Marflon-
moor being loft by the Prince, it was not
long before the enemy, as expected, fat
down again before Latham-houfe ; which,
though ftrengthened with fuch out-works as
the Prince had directed, was much weakened
within, by the confumption of their provi-
iions
However, the new governor, Colonel
Rofthern, was neither wanting in care or
diligence, nor in any other good offices for
the fupply of the garrifon with provifions
and all other neceflaries for fuftaining a fiege;
and it was a great advantage to him, that the
EARL of DERBY, on his return to the Ifle of
Man, had left with him in the houfe, the
Chaplain, whofe fidelity and great capacity
his Lady had long and fully experienced;
and alfo another gentleman of good under-
ftanding and integrity, to attend all the affairs
in England ; both to be afliftants to him the
Governor, by their counfel and fervices, and
to raife what money they poflibly could out
of his eftate, for the conftant pay of the fol-
diers. Thefe two gentlemen made the beft
ufe of the opportunity they had whilfl the
houfe was open, and raifed a very confidera-
ble fum of money, by which they furniflied
the garrifon with provifions, ammunition,
and all other neceflaries.
This
HOUSE of STANLEY. 257
This being done, the Governor difpofed
the foldiers to their refpeclive officers :
commanders of horfe were Major Munday
and Captain Kay ; and thofe of foot were
Captain Charnock, Captain Farrington, Cap-
tain Molineux Radcliffe, Captain Henry
Noel, Captain Worral and Captain Roby.
By this time (July, 1645) tne enem y were
again advanced, with four thoufand men, to
their head quarters at Ormlkirk, under their
old General Egerton ; for Rigby, upon the
lofs of his men at Bolton, was laid afide ; and
upon the Governor's (now Colonel Roftern)
information of their advance and ftrength,
he ordered out a ftrong party of horfe and
foot; the firfl was commanded by Major
Munday, the foot by Captain Molineux Rad-
cliffe, and the rear was brought up by the
Governor himfelf. In this order they at-
tacked the enemies camp and quarters with
fo much courage, refolution and bravery,
that they took all the guards of the enemy
both horfe and foot, routed their whole body,
(of whom they killed and took many) the
General himfelf with difficulty efcaping, by
flying away in his fliirt and flippers.
11 LI But
This gallant attempt and fuccefs fo ama-
zed the enemy, and encouraged the troops
of Latham, that for three weeks (in which
time the enemy were largely recruited) they
continued mailers of the field, and after bra-
ved the enemy even- day in their head quar-
ters for twelve months together; and not-
withftanding their great numbers and utmofl
endeavours, they were nev-er able to advance
nearer than Ormikirk : where they were in
a manner as much befieged, as the others
were in the houfe.
But the ammunition of the garrifon being
now almoil fpent, and they out of hopes of
recruit-
HOUSE of STANLEY. 259
recruiting their (lore from Manchefter, &c.
as formerly, and their intelligence with fome
friends there being difcovered. they were
obliged to fufpend all aftion abroad, and fuf-
fer the enemy to make nearer approaches, and
confine them clofer within their own bounds.
Major Morgan, being the enemies engi-
neer, drew a line a flight-mot from the houfe,
not intending either to batter or florm it,
but only to hinder them from going abroad,
and to ftraiten and prevent them from get-
ting in provifions, or any other fupplies.
The trench of his line was three yards wide
and two yards deep ; and upon the rampire
of the ditch he raifed eight ftrong forts,
wherein their foldiers might lie with fome
fecurity, and be able to relieve one another
upon fallies from the houfe.
Upon the north-fide of the houfe, which
was the loweft ground, he run a deep trench
near the very mote, hoping thereby to lay it
dry, and then to undermine the houfe; but
there being within it fome fkilful colliers,
who had as much experience in mining and
drawing of water as he was mailer of, and
they being employed by the governor to op-
L 1 2 pofe
260 The HISTORY of the
pofe him, always wrought counter to him;
and keeping full chambers of water above,
they at pleafure opened them and drowned
both his works and men, to their entire dif-
appointment and confufion.
And thus, by the diligence, (kill and cou-
rage of the befieged, was this houfe full two
years inoft gallantly, and bravely defended,
againft all the contrivance and force of the
enemy; wherein by their own confeflion they
loft at lead fix thoufand men, and the garri-
fon about four hundred.
The King himfelf was at this time upon
his march for the relief of his brave and loy-
al {uje&s in Latham-houfe, and with intent
to have transferred the war to Lancafhire,
but was unhappily defeated at Rowton-heath,
near Chefter ; upon which misfortune he
gave orders to the Earl's Chaplain before-
mentioned (whom he had fent for to give
him a {late of the houfe and country about
it) to advertife the governor, that it was his
Majefty's pleafure he mould accept a treaty
with the enemy, and endeavour to procure
from them as good terms as they could poffi-
bly
HOUSE of STANLEY. 261
bly obtain, fmce it was not in his power to
relieve them. Small comfort from the father
of three kingdoms, to tell his children he was
not able to fuccour them in their diftrefs ;
which gives us a fatal inflance of divifion in
council, and the want of refolution and fteady
adherence to our bed friends, which appears
through the courfe of this hiftory, with many
others, to have been the true cafe of the un-
happy Prince here fpoken of; who feems to
have fallen under the obfervation of a learn-
ed poet, That,
The fortunate have whole years,
. And thofe they choofe ;
But the unfortunate have only days,
And thofe they lofe.
However, his Majefty's com million, by the
Chaplain, being got into the houfe, the Go-
vernor, like a wife and prudent commander,
refolved to accept the firft opportunity of a
treaty which the enemy might offer ; which
being induced thereto either by their long
fufferings in that memorable fiege, or being
ignorant of the true date of the place, which
for ought they knew, might be furnifhed with
all
262 The HISTORY of tht
all neceffaries for many months refiflance;
and they defpairing of fuccefs, requefted that
commiffioners might be appointed on both
fides, to treat of a furrender.
Whereupon, commiffioners were appoint-
ed, and a place of meeting agreed upon,
wherein thofe on the part of the befiegers
offered, That if the governor, and officers
with him, would furrender the houfe and all
the cannon, they mould be permitted to
march away with bag and baggage, drums
beating and colours flying; that the LADY
DERBY and her Children, fhould enjoy the
third part of the Earl's eftate, for their fup-
port and maintenance ; and that all his goods
fhould be fafely conveyed to his other houfe
at Knowfley, and there fecured, for his Lord-
fhip and family's ufe ; that all gentlemen in
the houfe mould compound, at one year's
value for their eftates; and that every Cler-
gyman in the houfe, fhould enjoy half the
revenue of his living, and fhould live quietly,
without any oath being impofed upon them.
Thefe terms were judged reafonable, by
two of the Commiftioners appointed by the
garrifon,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 263
garrifon, but the third would by no means
confent, un-lefs they might take away the
cannon alfo; whofe indifcretion and obftinate
perverfe humour, broke off the treaty, to the
ruin of the befieged ; for that very night,
after the return of the Commiflioners, an Irifh
foldier in the garrifon went down by the wall,
and fwimming over the mote, got to the
enemies camp, and immediately informed
the commanding officers there, that the re-
jection of their propofals, and the breaking
of the treaty, were highly diipleafing to the
garrifon ; that there was not bread enough
in the houfe for two days, nor any other pro-
vifions or {lores to hold out the fiege any
longer.
Upon this information, the enemy next
morning fummoned the garrifon to an imme-
diate furrender of the houfe and themfelves
prifoners, upon the bare terms of mercy,
which the foldiers, being all in confuGon,
refolved to accept of, notwithftanding all the
intreaties by the governor to the contrary,
who gallantly and bravely propofed to them,
to join him, and fight their way through the
enemy, fword in hand, and either by that
means
264 The HISTORY of the
means to fave themfelves with honour and
reputation, or bravely die in the attempt.
But the worthy and valiant Governor, not
being heard by them, the houfe was yielded
up to a mercilefs enemy, and all the rich
goods therein, became a booty to them.
The rich (ilk hangings of the beds, &c. were
torn to pieces, and made fames of; the towers
and all the ftrong works razed to the ground
and demolifhed, and all the buildings within
it, leaving only ftanding two or three little
timber buildings; as a monument of their
fury and malice.
And thus was ruined and brought to de-
finition (partly by the obftinacy and indif-
cretion of one man, and the treachery of a-
nother) even to a cottage or heap of rubbifh,
the ancient, noble, and almoft invincible
Houfe of Latham, whofe Antiquity, famous
Siege, and moft heroic and gallant Defence,
can never be forgot whilft Hiftory remains
in the world.
No more ought to be buried in oblivion, the
heroic and molt gallant behaviour of thofe
brave and martial fpirits, who were inftru-
mental and amfting in the ever memorable
defence
HOUSE of STANLEY. 265
defence of that place: and although none of
them (except Captain Farmer, Major Mun-
day, and Captain Kay) were bred in a mili-
tary way (unlefs as a county militia) yet I
think it may with modefty and juftice be
afferted, that no officers of any degree bred
in the School of Mars, or elfewhere, ever
(hewed more conduct, courage and magnani-
mity, than thofe brave and worthy gentlemen
(to their honour and e;erlafting fame let it
be recorded) who defended Latham-houfe
againft the powerful attacks of a formidable
enemy, affifted by a far fuperior force, and
in an open country for fupply.
The Prince having before this time re-
frefhed and recruited his army (by the aflift-
ance of Lord Derby) with men, arms and
ammunition proper for his march to York,
urged that brave Lord to return to his charge
in the Ifle of Man, to which his Lordfhip
complied.
Having given the reader the particulars of
the memorable fiege and furrender of La-
tham-houfe, difpatched his Highnefs Prince
Rupert to the relief of York, and fent the
12 M m EARL
2 66 The HISTORY of the
EARL of DERBY and his worthy family as
exiles to the Hie of Man, I cannot omit a
few thoughts and animadverfions upon thefe
fubjecls.
As to the Prince's advice and intention to
the Earl and his family, I look upon it as
meant with fmcerity and without deceit ; but
the reafons offered to induce it, I efleem no
lefs than mere chimera and court cant, cal-
culated with no qther view or intent, than
to afperfe, degrade and vilify that noble Lord,
and to fix upon and fligmatize him with in-
famy and difgrace, as a perfon carrying on
private defigns and views for his own intereft,
feparate from thofe of his royal mafter.
In this light I have infpe6led and confider-
ed the actions and conduct of his whole life,
as well before as fince the commencement
of the unhappy war then fubfifling ; and I
cannot difcover in the courfe of it, the leaft
inclination or tendency in any of his actions,
to aggrandize himfelf or family at the ex-
pence of his Prince's honour, intereft or fafe-
ty ; but on the contrary, that he had, agreea-
ble to the tender made by him to his Majefty
at
HOUSE of STANLEY. 267
at York, on his firft appearance there, affift-
ed him to the utmoft of his power ; with his
perfon, intereft and fortune, to the total
deftruclion of the firft, and entire confump-
tion of the latter.
But let us go yet a little farther, and con-
fider that frightful article of his near alliance
to the crown, as one reafon given us for his
exclufion from all favour, power or trull
under the King; and having duly weighed
the nature thereof, we (hall find it as light
upon the balance as the former ; confiding
more in imagination than reality ; more in
pride, envy, malice, calumny and court
faction, than any evil defigns or intentions
of the great and noble Lord here afperfed,
villified and contemned by the court para-
fites ; who, being in favour, power or truft
with the Prince, admit of no rivals ; and that
calumny, defamation and detraction, are with
them efteemed fafliionable and courtly ac-
complimments. Laftly,
Let us confider that the latent and dor-
mant title to the crown by the EARL of
DERBY, on which fo much flrefs appears to
M m 2 be
268 The HISTORY of the
be laid, was at that time poRponed and re-
moved to fo great a period of time, that no-
thing lefs than downright rebellion could
have revived or fupported his pretenfions.
Add thereto, the anceftors of the Royal Fa-
mily now on the throne, being then in full
life ; nay, one of them then was his Majefty's
General, the King himfelf having ifTue both
male and female, which rendered any projecl
or attempt of this kind, utterly impracticable;
and the loyal endeavours of that noble Lord
to promote his Majefly s intereft in thofe
perilous and rebellious times, plainly con-
tradict all thofe i-nvidious, malicious and
fcandalous fuggeflfens and infmuations then
fpread abroad by the enemies of the noble
perfonage here mentioned. &g&^
That like caufes ufually^produce the fame
or like effects, is an eRablifhed rule with re-
fpecl to men as well as things ; from whence
it is obferved, that thofe favourites who have
advanced themfelves at court, by mere dint
of addrefs, and by mean and unbecoming
arts of flattery and fedulity (unknown and
fcorned by men of real abilities) have been
always fatal to the nation ; and where the
a&ions
HOUSE, of STANLEY. 269
a&ions and refolutions of men of integrity,
loyalty and good abilities, willing to ferve
their King and country, have been difcou-
raged, and treated with indignity and con-
tempt, then the peace, unity and welfare of
the whole hath generally fuffered violent
convulfions and uncommon changes, if not
the total ruin of the Prince, as in the cafe
before us.
And with refpect to the great and noble
Lord here treated of, who may be efteemed
of the number of thofe, difcouraged and
treated with contempt by his Prince, or the
fycophant courtiers about him, he afted ftea-
dily and zealoufly, on principles of liberty,
and the common good of mankind: he main-
tained them in all feafons, and was afhamed
to be at eafe while his King and country fuf-
fered, and the vigour with which he exerted
himfelf againft thofe to whom both owed
their fufferings (unhappily for him and his
noble family) brought on his own, (much to
be lamented) hard fate well known to the
world.
Having
2 7 o The HISTORY of the
Having juft left the famous Houfe of La-
tham in afhes, I have only to remark that
many curious and notable tranfaclions oc-
curred during that Siege that could not pro-
perly be related in the common courfe of
that account, but, however, well deferves
to be remembered, and I doubt not but the
knowledge of them will be as acceptable to
the reader as thofe of the fiege.
Give me leave to acquaint you that the
reverend and worthy Chaplain of the houfe^
Mr. Rutter, managed all correfpondence
and intelligence by cyphers and characters :
wherein he firft made ufe of a woman, one
Widow Read, of that neighbourhood, to
bring in and carry out difpatches of that na-
ture, by the afliilance of fallies appointed
for that purpofe, upon a fignal given by her
to the houfe when (he wanted to come in.
This fecret and moft hazardous fervice
ihe moft faithfully carried on for above a
year, but was at lad mod unhappily taken
with cyphers about her; fome for his Ma-
jefty King Charles, fome for the Lord By-
ron at Chefter, and others to fome corref-
pondence
HOUSE of STANLEY. 271
pondence at Manchefter ; upon which (he
was required to tell to whom thofe characters
at Manchefter particularly were directed
(for the enemy could not difcover or inter-
pret them) but (he ftoutly denied and refuf-
ed to confefs any thing relating to them ;
then (he was threatened with fevere punifh-
ment if (he would not declare what (he knew'
of them ; but (till perfifting in her integrity,
{he was burnt with matches betwixt her
fingers fo long, that three fingers of each
hand were burnt off; yet, the woman, be-
yond the refolution of her fex, or of any
woman upon record ; fuffered all thofe tor-
tures with invincible patience, and would
difcover nothing.
Amongft the officers, the brave and gallant
Captain Molineux Radcliffe, merits perpetual
remembrance for his moft valiant fervices ;
who commanded the van in twelve fallies,
and always brought off his men with fuccefs ;
but at laft this gallant gentleman had the
misfortune to be llain in ftorming a fort of
the enemy.
Captain
272 . The HISTORY of the
Captain Charles Radcliffe, Captain Henry
Noel, Captain Roby, and Captain Worral,
all behaved themfelves with the utmoft cou-
rage and refolution, and deferved better re-
compence than the King's affairs would al-
low them to expect.
Major Munday, and Captain Kay, who
commanded the horfe, were certainly no way
inferior to any officers of horfe, in the King's
army. A fpecimen of which immediately
follows.
Major Munday, during the fiege, being
challenged to fight his troop againfl fo many
of the enemy, chearfully accepted the chal-
lenge : both troops were drawn out into the
park, in the fight of the houfe, and the ene-
mies army; in the engagement the Major re-
ceived a mot in the fide of the face, by
which an artery being cut, bled exceflively,
upon which he defired his Lieutenant to
make good the fight till he got the artery
fewed up. The fight was made good till the
Major returned, and then upon the firfl
charge the enemy fled, and he took rrioft of
the troop prifoners. This brave and worthy
gentleman,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 273
gentleman, who after the Siege of Latham,
had retired to his own country, and return-
ing into England again with his Majefty
King Charles II. when he marched from
Scotland to Worcefter, had the misfortune
to be taken prifoner by the mercilefs rebels,
and being known by them, was for his bra-
very (hot to death in cold blood.
Captain Kay being alfo challenged by a
trumpet from the enemy, to fight hand to
hand on horfeback with Capt. Afmall, aCap-
tain of the adverfe party, he accepted the
challenge: both troops met in the park, and
ftood aloof, whilft the Captains fought fin-
gle. In the engagement, Captain Afmall
having difcharged both his piftols at Captain
Kay, without much effect, Kay immediately
rode up to him, and thruft him through the
neck with his javelin, on which he fell down
dead from his horfe; Captain Kay alighting,
took him up in the face of his troop, and
flung him upon his own horfe, and brought
him into the houfe ; upon which, Captain
Kay's Lieutenant, offered to fight AfmalFs
Lieutenant, hand to hand, or troop to troop,
12 N n but
274 The HISTORY of the
but they refuted the offer, and fled to their
main body.
The worthy Chaplain whom I acquainted
you before had managed all the intelligence
of the houfe, having loft his old friend the
Widow Read, who had molt faithfully ferv-
ed him in that Way to her death, after fome
time found another expedient, by means of
a hound dog which he obferved frequently
to come and go betwixt his mafter in Latham-
houfe, and his miftrefs about three miles off,
got private notice to the gentlewoman,
that as often as the dog came home me mould
look about his neck, and fhe would find a
thread with a little paper wrapt about it,
which he requefted (he would fend to his HAa.-
jefty; and when any papers were fent to her
to come into the houfe, directed that fhe
would tie them in like manner about the
dog's neck, and keep him a while hungered,
then open the door and beat him out.
And thus the poor dog being beaten back-
ward and forward, conveyed all intelligence
into and from the houfe, for nine months toge-
ther; till at laft, leaping over the enemies works
in
HOUSE of STANLEY. 275
in his way to the houfe, an angry ill-natured
foldier (hot him, but he got to the mote fide
near the gate with his difpatches, and there
died, by which Mr. Rutter loft his ufeful
fervant the dog.
However, though he could not contrive
to furnifh himfelf in the fame way, yet he
found out another expedient to anfwer near
the fame ends, but with greater advan-
tage to the garrifon ; for by a correfpon-
dence Vje had formed with fome trufly and
^hearty friends of the neighbourhood, they
had agreed to make fires in the night upon
the rifing grounds at a di (lance from the
houfe as fignals, that corn, meal, and other
provifions, were there laid ready for the
befieged; and upon the appearance of thofe
fignals, the governor fent out thirty or forty
foldiers by way of fally to fetch them into
the houfe, who being directed by thofe fires,
always found what they wanted, and the
night following brought them to the garrifon.
'Other nights foldiers were fent in the fame
manner, and on the fame errand ; who by
their instructions, care and diligence, never
N n 2 failed
276 The HISTORY of the
failed of fuccefs; and by this means the gar-
rifon were conftantly fupplied until they
were fo clofely confined by the enemy, and
their numbers in the houfe declining fo
much, that they were not able to make their
ufual fallies for relief as before, which re-
duced them to the fcarcity related at the
time of their furrender.
But what may be greatly admired (even
with wonder and furprize) was, that not one
of all thofe foldiers fent out on thofe defpe-
rate occafions, and venturing their lives for
a little bread, with which they were to fight
their way into the houfe, for the relief of
themfelves and friends, ever deferted the fer-
vice, or (laid out of time; but conftantly re-
turned with their fellows at the times expecl-
ed, and were received and treated by their
commanders with generofity, and thejuftice
due to their courage, merit and fidelity.
The allowance of corn, meal, &c. thus
brought into the houfe, was diftributed and
divided in the moil equal manner from the
governor to the meaneft foldier : three quar-
ters of a pound was weighed out to every
man
HOUSE of STANLEY. 277
man alike, the horfes that were killed in the
fervice, they broiled upon coals and fre-
quently eat, without either bread or fait.
That which proved a great relief to them
was plenty of fuel ; for the colliers being
fet to dig by way of trial, found coals and
water both in abundance within the houfe to
their great comfort ; the water in the mote
being fpoiled and rendered unfit for ufe by
the enemy.
t
There was amongft the foldiers about fifty
pounds in money, but of no ufe at all to
them but to play at fpan-counter with ; they
lent it to one another by handfuls, never
telling or counting any : one day one fol-
dier had all, and the next another, till at
laft all their fport was fpoiled, the enemy at
the gate ftript them of every penny, and
turned them out to the wide world.
When the houfe was given up, there were
but two hundred and nine foot foldiers in it,
and of all their horfe but five left alive, the
reft being all eaten up. The common fol-
diers were all difcharged as before, but their
gallant
278 The HISTORY of the
gallant and brave commanders were all
made clofe prifoners, and fo cc itinued a
long time after.
Having now as I promifed, give- the read-
er all^he remarkable tranfaclions and occur-
rences I have been able to colle6t or be in-
formed of attending the 1 famous fiege of La-
tham-houfe, from the begining to the end,
and alfo noted the eVninent-conducl, courage,
and memorable behaviour of thofe brave and
yorthy gentlemen who engaged themfelves
in the defence thereof; I am^now arrived at a
period of time, wherein I find the whole
kingdom involved in the greateft diforderand
diftraclion, portending nothing lefs than the
ruin or deftru6tion of the whole conftitution
in church and ftate.
The very face and appearance of all public
and even private Affairs i?eing quite changed,
the whole natio* was in a general and moft
deplorable ftate of-confufion and diftraftion:
nothing being known or heard of but impri-
fonments, prqe^ ut i ns j fequeftrations, and
executions of his Majefty's moft loyal and
dutiful friends, fubjeds and fervants.
Upon
HOUSE of STANLEY. 279
Upon information of thefe things (as his
Lordfhip's memoirs continue) I enquired fur-
ther how affairs flood with the King, and
was told that his Majefty's army under the
command of his nephew, Prince Rupert,
was entirely defeated and difperfed at Marf-
ton-moor, by the Earl of Manchefter; and
that not long after the King himfelf was
vanquifhed and totally routed at Nafeby, the
fourteenth of June, 1645 5 t ^ ie defeat whereof
reduced him to a moll unhappy fituation of
life, having not fo much as a common guar^V
left him for the fecurity of his perfon, being
obliged to fly from place lo place with the
utmoft privacy, to prevent -his being taken
prifoner ; and not knowing where to go lor
fafety and protection from his furious and
inveterate enemies, at lafl unhappily fell a
facrifice into their hands, being feized by a
party of Cromwell's foldiers, and conducted
by them prifoner to Hurft-caftle ; and from
thence hurried from prifon to prifon, till at
length he was brought to a formal trial before
a court eftablilhed by his own fubjecls, who
accufed him of having made war' againft his
Parliament ; and had him condemned and
bcheadedj upon a fcaffold raifecl under the
windows
28o The HISTORY of the
windows of his palace of Whitehall, on
Tuefday the thirtieth of January, 1648-9.
A (hocking fcene of iniquity and ufurpa-
tion, the very thoughts whereof ftruck me
with ftorror; and methought was fufficient to
have melted the heart of the moft hardened
and abandoned wretch concerned in fuch ini-
quitous and barbarous proceedings, as the de-
flru&ion of their natural and lawful Prince,
and the extirpation of his Royal Family to
|.he utmoft of their power.
But the goodnefs of our gracious GOD
is ever with them that love and fear him,
and although he is the Prote&or and Sup-
port of all under oppreflion and diftrefs, yet
fometimes he poftpones the punifhment for
great and wife reafons unknown to us ; yet
to (hew the power of his wrath, and care of
the innocent and diftrefled, fooner or later
his avenging hand will overtake all wicked
and evil doers, as obferved by a learned
* author in the cafe before us ; that not
only thofe very perfons immediately con-
cerned in the murder of the King, and the
confufion
* Hiftory of Independency.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 281
confufion in which the nation was involved
by their means, were in a fhort time reduced
to a ftate of contempt, and their pofterity
branded with ignominy and difgrace, attend-
ed with their utter extirpation from the face
of the earth, fcarcely one of them being
left or known in the world at this time.
But what remains to be much lamented is,
that the mifchief, mifery and perfecution of
thofe virulent times ended not here : the
Prince of Wales being then in exile, thofe
fons of perdition called a Parliament, and
publimed a prohibition againft proclaiming
him King, under a penalty of punifhment
as in cafes of high-treafon, ; and afterwards,
pafled an a6t for abolifhing the regal power,
as ufelefs, burthenfome and dangerous; and
foon after fet a price upon the head of
Charles Stuart, the late King's eldeft fon.
Under this melancholy and dejecled ftatc,
the nation languished in mifery and perfecu-
tion, to the year 1650 ; when the Scots took
up arms in favour of Charles II. whom they
had recalled, in order to fet him upon the
throne of his father, and his coronation was
12 O o afterwards
282 The HISTORY of the
afterwards folemnized at Scoon in Scotland,
the firft of January, 1650-1; and afterwards
he put himfelf at the head of an army of fif-
teen thoufand foot and three thoufand horfe,
and with them entered England, and proceed-
ed as far as Worcefter, where he was honou-
rably received.
During the interval of time betwixt LORD
and LADY DERBY, and i their family retiring
to the Ifle of Man, and the King's execution,
many particulars occurred that cannot well
be omitted, though fomething out of the re-
gular courfe of the enfuing hiftory ; yet will
tend to a more clear and full explication of
it. That in the fpace of time above-mention-
ed, the rebels had repoflefled themfelves of all
places of ftrength, the caftle of Liverpool in
particular, whereof the worthy Colonel Birch
was made governor.
That in the year 1646, the Parliament being
moved with the tears and prayers of the dif-
trefled wives, widows and fatherlefs children
of their fellow-fuhjects, and even relations,
made an ordinance for their relief, viz.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 283
Goldfmith' s-hall, London.
At a Committee for compounding with De-
linquents, Nov. 29th, 1646.
"T/yHEREAS by an order from the
honourable Houfe of Commons in
Parliament affembled, of the twenty-third of
February, 1645 ^is Committee is autho-
rized and enabled to fufpend the Sequeftra-
tions of fuch delinquents, as (hall compound
with the faid Committee ; they having paid
the moiety of fuch fine, and given fecurity
for the other moiety, and to ftand to fuch
compofitions as (hall be allowed of, or fet
by the Houfe of Commons. Thefe are to
certify all whom it may concern, &c.
O o 2 Co.
284 The HISTORY of the
Co. Lanr. Warrington, July nth, 1645.
" A CCORDING to the direaion of the or-
dinance of Parliament, it is this day or-
dered, that Mrs. Jane Ecclefton, late wife of
Thomas Ecclefton of Ecclefton, Efq. deceaf-
ed, (hall have allowed unto her for the main-
tenance of herfelf and children, one fifth part
of her Hufband's Eftate, according to the di-
retlion of the faid ordinance; (he paying her
proportionable part of all lays and taxations
that may be impofed upon that eftate ; and
the Sequeftrators for the fame are hereby ap-
pointed to fee a fifth part fet forth accord-
ingly with all convenient fpeed."
T. Stanley,
Peter Egerton,
Wdw. Butterfworth.
V
Encouraged by the above ordinance and
order, the children of the EARL of DERBY
having procured a pafs from Sir Thomas
irfax for that purpofe, came over from the
Ifle of Man to England, to procure a fifth
part of their father's eftate for their fupport
and education, according to the aforefaid or-
dinance, and after a year's follicitation, ob-
tained an allowance of a fifth part thereof.
HUYTQN
HOUSE of STANLEY. 285
HUYTON PARISH.
To the Right Honourable the Committee of Lords and
Commons for Scquejlration.
' '"THE humble Petition of Charles Lord
Strange, Edward and William, and
the ladies Henrietta-Maria, Catherine and
Amelia, fix fons and daughters of James
EARL of DERBY, fheweth, That the Petiti-
oners by reafon of the Sequeftration of their
father's eftate, are wholly deprived of all
manner of fupport for their livelihood and
education, and fo have been for many years
paft. That by the honourable favour of
both Houfes of Parliament, an allowance is
declared to be given to his wife and chil-
dren, of which (that the petitioners may
have the benefit) is the humble fuit of "the
petitioners.
And they mail ever pray.
Henrietta- Maria Stanley.
A true copy exhibited by me, R. Vaughan,
Clerk of the Court.
Wednefday,
285 The HISTORY of the
Wednesday, Sept. 8M, 1647.
" A T the Committee of Lords and Com-
mons for Sequeftration, upon the pe-
tition of the right honourable Charles Lord
Strange, Edward, William, Henrietta-Maria,
Catherine and Amelia, the fons and daugh-
ters of James EARL of DERBY (a copy
whereof is hereunto annexed and attefted
with the clerk's hand of this Committee) it is
thought fit and ordered that the faid children
be allowed a fifth part for their maintenance
according to the faid ordinance, from the
time of their demand. And that the manor
of Knowfley, in the county of Lancafter,
with the houfe, lands and appurtenances in
Lancafhire thereto belonging, be part of the
faid fifth part. And that no timber be felled
upon the faid Earl's lands, but that the fame
be preferved according to the order of Se-
queftration.
Intra. R. Vaughan. Henry Pelham.
HUYTO N
HOUSE of STANLEY. 287
HUYTON PARIS PL
Manchefter, in the county of Lancafter.
At a Committee, Sept. 24^, 1647.
*' "\X7HEREAS we have received an order
from the Committee of Lords and
Commons for Sequeflration, bearing date the
eighth of September lail, for allowance of a
fifth part of the eftate of James EARL of
DERBY, unto the right honourable Charles
Lord Strange, Edward, William, Henrietta-
Maria, Catherine and Amelia, the fons and
daughters of the faid Earl ; in purfuance
whereof it is ordered, that the agents for Se-
queftration where the eftate of the faid Earl
lieth, (hall from the faid eighth day of this
inflant September, fet forth and allow unto
the faid children, a fifth part of the faid eftate,
whereof the manor of Knowfley, with the
houfe, lands and appurtenances, in the faid
county, are of the part thereof; and that
the agents take fpecial care that no timber be
cut down and felled upon the faid Earl's
lands, but preferved according to the ordi-
nance of Parliament ; and the faid agents are
to yield obedience and conformity hereunto,
until further orders. .
J. Bradfhavr. Peter Egerton,
Int. T. Whalley. Edw. Butterf-.vorth.
At
288 The HIS TOR Y of the
At a Committee of Lords and Commons for
Sequejtration.
this Committee have for-
merly appointed Colonel John Moor
Ranger of Knowfley-park, in the county of
Lancafter, by order of the third of Decem-
ber, 1646. And whereas now in the abfencc
of the faid Colonel, who is at this time in
the fervice of Ireland, there is no care taken
for preferving.the game, as alfo the timber
of the faid park from deftrudion. It is
thought fit and ordered, that Mr. Edward
Stockly be appointed ranger of the faid park
of Knowfley, in the Colonel's abfence, for the
prefervation of the faid game and timber,
imlefs the Committee of the faid county,
(hall certify caufe to the contrary of this
Committee.
Intra. R Vaughan. Henry Pelham.
HUYTO N
HOUSE of STANLEY. 289
HUYTON PARISH.
Manchefter, in the county of Lancafter.
At the Committee, Sept. 24^, 1646.
" T717HEREAS we have received an order
from the Committee of Lords and
Commons for Sequeilration, bearing date
the eighth of September laft, for the appoint-
ing of Mr. Edw. Stockley to be ranger of
Knowfley-park, in the abfence of Colonel
John Moor, who was appointed ranger of
the faid park by the faid Committee, and is
now in the fervice of Ireland; in purfuance
whereof it is ordered, that the faid Mr.
Stockly (hall from henceforth and until fur-
ther order, be ranger of the faid park, and
fhall preferve the game and timber therein,
from wafte and deftruftion, according to the
faid order ; and the agents for Sequeflration,
and all others whom it may concern, are to
yield obedience hereunto accordingly.
J. Bradfhaw,
Peter Egerton,
Intra. T. Whalley. E. Butierfworth.
13 Vp HUYTON
290 The HISTORY of the
HUYTON PARISH.
'"PHESE are to require you upon fight
hereof, forthwith to remove yourfelf,
wife, family and goods, out of the right
honourable the EARL of DERBY'S houfe at
Knowfley, without offering any hurt or
violence to the faid houfe and goods in it,
the park or any thing thereunto belonging.
Of this you are not to fail, as you will an-
fwer the contrary at your peril. Given
under my hand and feal this laft day of
Auguft, 1647.
T. Fairfax.
To Major Jackfon at Know/ley -houfe, or at
Liverpool.
THESE
HOUSE of STANLEY. 291
<! HP H E S E are to require you on fight
hereof forthwith, to fee Major Jack-
fon, his wife, family and goods removed
out of the right honourable the EARL of
DERBY'S houfe at Knowfley, according to
my order directed alfo to him ; and to have
a fpecial care that the faid Major Jackfon
doth no hurt to the faid houfe and goods
left in it, park, or any thing thereunto be-
longing. Of this you are not to fail, but
return an anfwer to it fpeedily, as you will
anfwer the contrary at your peril. Given
under my hand and feal this laft day of
Auguft, 1647.
T. Fairfax,
To Lieut. Col. John AJhurft, Governor of
Liverpool."
After
292 The HISTORY of the
After all the formality above related, the
children of the noble EARL of DERBY, were
at laft permitted to their father's houfe at
Knowfley, wherein Sir Thomas Fairfax had
been very civil and generous, as indeed he
behaved upon all occafions in a gentleman-
like manner ; but envy and malice are ene-
mies that never deep ; for they had not been
there above twelve months before Colonel
Birch, complying with Bradfhaw, the bloody
prefident, made them all prifoners at Liver-
pool, where he was then governor, and all
their fervants, not allowing any of them one
morfel of bread, which they were obliged
to beg for, from their impoverifhed friends
and other kind and compaflionate acquain-
tance ; and all the pretence for this cruel
and barbarous ufage was, that the Earl their
father kept the Ifle of Man againft the Par-
liament, though it was his own eftate.
Upon which General Fairfax being addref-
fed and complained to, by the unhappy fuf-
ferers, fent a meifage in writing to the Earl
their father, purporting, " That if his Lord-
iliip would deliver that ifland to the Parlia-
ment's commands, his children fliould not
only
HOUSE of STANLEY. 293
only be fet at liberty, but he mould peacea-
bly return to England, and enjoy one moie-
ty of all his eftates." To which his Lordfhip
returned this anfwer. f; That he was greatly
afflicled for the fufferings of his children ;
that it was not the courfe of great and noble
minds to punifh innocent children for their
father's offences ; and that it would be a cle-
mency in Sir Thomas Fairfax either to fend
them back to him, or to Holland, or
France ; but if he could do none of thofe,
his children muft fubmit to the mercy of
GOD ALMIGHTY, but ftiould never be re-
deemed by his difloyalty. And thus they
continued prifoners for eighteen months to-
gether, without companion, mercy or relief
from the Parliament, or any of their hard
hearted and unrelenting officers, until their
father was by his Majefty's command, called
from the Ifle of Man to attend him in Lan-
cafhire, on his march from Scotland to
Worcefter as aforefaid, whereof Birch be-
ing informed, and fearing his Lordfhip
would knock at his gates for his children,
fent them and their fervants away prifoners
to Chefler."
Having
294 The HISTORY of the
Having here related the fmall digremon
given notice of a little before, I am intro-
duced into a new and regular courfe of hif-
tory. The great and noble EARL of DERBY
being called into England by King Charles
II. to meet him in Lancafhire, on his faid
march to Worcefter ; with full aflurance
from his Majefty, that not only his own
party, but the Prefbytery alfo would join
him, in order to his Majefly's Refloration
in England.
His Lord-fhip who was always ready to.
attend his Prince, and to ferve the fon with
the fame trutli and fincerity he had done
his father, haftened over to England, and
brought with him above three hundred gal-
lant gentlemen, who were at that time with
his Lordfhip in the Ifle of Man ; and though
his Lordfhip made all poflible fpeed to have
met the King in Lancafhire, yet it fo hap-
pened, that his Majefty ha,d marched through
that county three days before he could get
over, but had left Major General Maffey;
to receive him.
Upon
HOUSE of STANLEY. 295
Upon notice whereof, his Lordihip hafted
to Warrington, where he met the Major
General, who that very night brought in
many of the Prefbyterian party to his Lord-
(hip ; to whom his Lordfliip addrefling him-
felf, acquainted them that he was come from
the Ifle of Man, to do his Majefty all the
fervice in his power ; that the King had
given him his afifurance under his own hand
(of which he gave them a fight) that all thofe
gentlemen of that perfuafion would be ready
to join with him ; that he was to that end
ready to receive whoever were pleafed to
come to him, and with them to march im-
mediately to his Majefty.
To this one of their minifters in behalf of
himfelf and the reft of his brethren replied
to his Lordftiip, " That he hoped, and fo
did all the gentlemen with him, that his
Lordfhip would put away all the Papifts he
had brought from the Ifle of Man, and that
he himfelf would take the Covenant, and
then they would all join with him.' 5
To this his Lordfhip replied, " Sir, I hope
this is only your own opinion, and therefore
I defire
296 The HISTORY of the
I defire that the gentlemen prefent will be
pleafed .to deliver their own fentiments."
When all made anfwef, " That their mini-
fter had fpoken their thoughts ; adding that
his Majefty had taken the Covenant, and
thereby gave encouragement to all his fub-
je6ts to do the fame ; and that if his Lord-
fhip would not put away all Papifts, and
enter publicly into the Solemn League, they
could not join him."
To this his Lordfhip replied, e: That upon
thefe terms he might long fince have been
reflored to his whole eftate, and that bleffed
Martyr Charles I. to all his kingdom ; that
he came not now to difpute but to fight for
his Majefty's Reftoration, and would upon
the ifl'ue of the firft battle, humbly fubmft
himfelf to his Majefty's direction in that point;
that he would refufe none, of any perfuafion
whatfoever. that came in chearfully to ferve
the King; and hoped they would give him
the fame freedom and latitude, to engage
whom he could for his Majefty's preferva-
tion ; and that he was well aflured, that all
thofe gentlemen he had brought with him,
were fincere and honeft friends to his
jefty's perfon and intereft/'
To
HO USE of S TA NL E Y. ^ 97
To the fame effect Major General MaHey
feconded his Lordfhip, wherein he made ufe
of the ftrongeft arguments and exhortations,
to lay afide all animofities, and depart from
their former miftakes ; and by his and other
examples embrace this opportunity, which
GOD had put into their hands ; and to join
heartily with the EARL of DERBY, in mani-
feftation of their own duty and loyalty, and
the vindication of themfelves from all at-
tempts or intention of ufurpation, that they
were fufpecled of, and then lay upon them.
But the whole party infified peremptorily
upon their demands, to have all the Papifh
difbanded, and the EARL of DERBY to take
the Covenant, without which they would not
join him ; who perceiving it was in vain
to prefs them any further upon that fubjecr,
the old leaven having taken too much erfecl:,
and found them too far to be fweetened by
any arguments or reafonings whatfoever ;
therefore his Lordfhip only added before
parting, Gentlemen, if you will be perfuad-
ed to join with me, I make no doubt but in
a few days to raife as good an army to
follow the King, as that he has now with
13 O q him,
The HISTORY of the
.
him, and by GOD'S blefling to (hake off the
yoke of bondage refting both upon you and
us ; if not, continued he, I cannot hope to
effecl much; I may perhaps have men enough
at my command, but all the arms are in your
pofleffion, without which I {hall only lead
naked men to (laughter; however I am de-
termined to do what I can with the handful
of gentlemen now with me for his Majefty's
fervice, and if I perim, I perim ; but if rny
mailer fuffer, the blood of another Prince
and all the enfuing miferies of this nation
will lie at your doors ; having with him only
the worthy gentlemen that came from the
Ifle of Man, and fome few of the royal party
that were come in to him.
Kis Lordlhip on reding a while fent out
his warrants, for all perfons willing to ferve
his Majefty under him, forthwith to repair
to him at Prellorx, the place appointed for
their rendezvous. Thefe warrants were fe-
cretly dilperfed in all the chief towns of the
country, and many came to him from all
parts ; but before he could poffibly raife and
accoutre a fufficient number, Colonel Lil-
bourn then" in the county, with eighteen
hundred
HOUSE of STANLEY. 239
hundred dragoons, and the foot militia of
Lancafhire and Chefhire, was got to Man-
chefter, and marching directly againft Lord
Derby. His Lordfhip had at that time a-
bout fix hundred horfe, and being informed
the enemy were near him, trading to the
goodnefs of his caufe and the courage and
refolution of thofe with him, he refolved
with thefe, to engage that great, body of the
enemy; therefore gave orders to march forth-
with to Wigan, a mod faithful and loyal town
\.o his Majefty, and there to expect the enemy.
But unhappily and unexpectedly to him,
Lilbourn having made long marches, had be-
fore his Lordfhip could reach the town, lined
the hedges with his foot, and engaged his
Lordfhip's troops in Wigan-Lane; however
the Earl flill held on his march in very good
order, and in continual 'expectation of an
engagement, when approaching near the ene-
my, he caufed his troops to halt fo long as.
to give them his orders, then divided his
horfe into two bodies about three hundred in
each. The van he commanded himfelf, and
gave the rear to Sir Thomas Tyldefley, and
then founded a charge.
O q Twice
3 co The HISTORY of the
Twice his Lordfhip and all his party made
their way clear through the whole body of
the enemy ; but attempting it a third time
and being oppreft and environed by unequal
numbers, the Lord Witherington, Sir Tho-
mas Tyldefley, * and many other brave and
worthy gentlemen, were {lain. Sir Throg-
morton, Knight Marfhal, was left among the
dead, but taken up by a poor woman, and
relieved by that worthy Knight Sir Roger
Brad (haw.
His
* In memory of Sir Thomas Tyldejley, a Monument
was erected in WIG AN LANE, on which is the
following Infcription.
AN HIGH ACT OF GRATITUDE,
WHICH CONVEYS THE MEMORY OF
SIR THOMAS TYLDESLEY
TO POSTERITY,
Who fcrved KING CHARLES the FIRST as
LieuUnant^Colond at Edge-Hill Battle,
Afcer railing Regiments of Horfe, Foot and Dragoons ;
AND FOR
The defperate ftorming of Burton -upon -Trent,
over a Bride of 36 Arches,
RECEIVED THE HONOUR OF KNIGHTHOOD.
He
HOUSE of STANLEY. 301
His Lordfhip had two horfes killed under
him, and feconded and remounted both times
by a faithful fervant, a Frenchman, who there
loft his life by his matter's fide ; in the third
charge upon the fall of Lord Witherington,
his Lordfhip mounted his horfe, and being
feconded by fix gentlemen of his party, he
with them fought his way through a great
body of the enemy into the town ; where
his Lordfhip quitting his horfe, leapt in at
a * door
le afterwards ferved in all the wars in great command,
Was Governor of Litchfield t
And followed the Fortune of the Crown through
the three Kingdoms,
And never compounded with the Rebels, tho' ftrongly inverted ;
And on the 25th Auguft, A. D. 1650, was here flain,
commanding as Major-general under the
EARL OF DERBY,
To whom the grateful Ereclor,
ALEXANDER RIGBY, ESQ. WAS CORNET;
And when he was High Sheriff of this County,
(A. D. 1679)
Placed this high Obligation on the whole
FAMILY of the TYLDESLEYS.
3 02 The HISTORY of the
a * door, that flood open, and fuddenly ;
{hutting it before the enemy could reach it,
the woman of the houfe kept it (hut fo long,
till his Lordmip was conveyed to a place of
privacy, where he lay concealed for many
hours, notwithftanding the moft induftrious
fearch of the enemy.
Of the fix hundred gentlemen with his
Lordfhip, he loft at leaft the half, himfelf a$
lead having received feven (hots upon
his bread - plate, and thirteen cuts upon
his beaver which he wore over a cap of Heel,
which was taken up in the lane after the
battle. He alfo received five or fix flight
wounds in his arms and moulders, but none
very dangerous. Perhaps this age has not
feen or known an aclion of greater bravery,
where fix hundred horfe fought three thou-
fand horfe and foot in adifadvantageous place
for two hours together, leaving feven hun-
dred
* Now the fign of the Dog in Wigan; at which houfe there is,
at this time, 1 a brafs plate with the Arms of Man upon it,
(though nearly defaced) and round it, Honi fat qui Mai y penje.
This houfe Loan DERBY fled into after the battle ; and there is
an upper room in which his Lordfhip was, called to this day,
BEKSTON CASTLE.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 303
dred dead upon the fpot befides the wound-
ed,, with the lofs of three hundred only
His Lordmip having got his wounds pri-
vately dreffed, and furniftied with a difguife,
that very night about two o'clock attended
only with three fervants, began his journey
towards Worcefter, whither he came before
the battle ; and though his wounds were
green and fore, he attended his Majefty
through the whole fight, behaving therein
with his ufual and accuftomed gallantry.
That battle being unluckily loft on the
third of September, 1651, his Lordmip con-
dueled his Majefty with fafety to a friend's
houfe, yet famous for the Royal OAK; where
his Lordfliip had been kindly treated on his
journey to Worcefter, and there having hap-
pily difpofed of his Majefty in great fecurity,
his Lordfliip prepared for his return, being
accompanied by the Lord Lautherdale and
about forty more; who taking their march
through bye ways to get into Chefbire, .or
Lancaftiire, had the misfortune to fall in the
way of a regiment of foot and a troop of
horfe of the enemy, commanded by Majof
Edge,
30 4 The HISTORY of the
Edge, who were marching towards Worcef-
ter: after Tome fmall difpute with that party,
the Earl and his companions making them-
felves known, had quarter given for life, and
condition for honourable ufage upon giving
up their arms and fubmitting themfelves to
be their prifoners.
This great and valiant perfon being now
in his enemy's hands, Bradmaw, Rigby and
Birch, defign him to be a viclim to their
inveterate malice; Bradmaw, becaufe he had
denied him the Vice-chamberlain's place at
Chefter, preferring Mr. Bridgeman (now
Lord Bridgeman) before him ; Rigby, be-
caufe of his ill fuccefs before Latham-houfe
and Bolton ; and Birch, becaufe his Lord-
(hip had trailed him under a hay cart at
Manchefter ; by which he got even among
his own party, the deferved epithet of the
EARL of DERBY'S carter. Thefe three, af-
fifted by Sir Richard Houghton, a rebelli-
ous fon of a very loyal Father, Sir Gilbert
Houghton, carver to his Majefly, reprefen-
ting to Cromwell how unfafe it would be
not only to that county, but the whole nati-
on, to fuffer that man to live ; got a com-*
miftiori
HOUSE of STANLEY. 305
miflion to try him by a pretended court-
martial, that is, by twelve Sequeftrators and
Committee-men. During the preparation
for this unjuft and undeferved trial, his
Lordfhip wrote to his Lady, then in the
Ifle of Man.
LORD DERBY'S LETTER to his LADY,
after he was taken and Prifoner at Chefter.
My dear heart,
" TT hath been my misfortune fmce I left
you, not to have one line of comfort
from you, which hath been moft afflictive to
me; and this, and what I now further write
you, muft be a mafs of many things in
one.
" I will not flay long on particulars, but in
fhort inform you, that the King is dead, or
narrowly efcaped in difguife, whether not yet
known : all the nobles of the party killed or
taken, fave a few, and it matters not much
where they be : the common foldiers are dif-
perfed, fome in prifon, fome fent to other
13 R r nations,
306 The HISTORY of the
nations, and none like to ferve any more on
the fame fcore. I efcaped a great danger at
Wigan, but met with a worfe at Worcefter;
being not fo fortunate to meet any that would
kill me, and thereby have put me out of the
reach of envy and malice. Lord Lauther-
dale and I having efcaped, hired horfes, and
falling into the enemie's hands, were not
thought worth killing, but had quarter given
us by one Captain Edge, a Lancafhire-man;
and one that was fo civil to me, that I and
all that love me, are beholding to him.
" I thought myfelf happy in being fent pri-
foner to Chefter, where I might have the
comfort of feeing my two daughters, and to
find means of fending to you ; but I fear my
coming here may coft me dear, unlefs AL-
MIGHTY GOD in whom I truft, will pleafe
to help me fome other way ; but whatfoever
come of me I have peace in my own breaft,
and no difcomfort at all but the afflictive
fenfe I have of your grief, and that of my
poor children.
" Colonel Duckenfield, Governor of this
town, is going according to his orders from
the
HOUSE of STANLEY. 307
the Parliament, General to the Ifle of Man,
where he will make known unto you his
bufinefs.
" I have confidered your condition and my
own, and thereupon give you this advice.
" Take it not as from a prifoner, for if I
am never fo clofe confined, my heart is my
own, free ftill as the belt, and I fcorn to be
compelled to your prejudice, though by the
fevered tortures I have procured Baggarley,
who was prifoner in this town, ta come over
to you with my letter, I have told him my
reafons, and he will tell you them, which
done, may fave the fpilling of blood in that
ifland, and it may be of fome here, dear to
you, but of that take no care ; neither treat
at all, for I perceive it will do you more
hurt than good.
" Have a care my dear foul of yourfelf,
and of my dear Moll, Ned and Billy; as for
thofe here I will give them the beft advice I
san ; it is not with us as heretofore. My fon
with his fpoufe, and my nephew Stanley,
have come to fee me, of them ajl I will fay
R r 2 nothing
308 The HISTORY of the
nothing at this time, excepting that my fon
(hews great affection, and is gone to Lon-
don, with exceeding concern and paflion for
my good ; he is changed much for the bet-
ter, I thank GOD, and would have been a
greater comfort to me, if I could have left
him more, or if he had provided better for
himfelf.
" The difcourfe I have had here of the Ifle
of Man, has produced the inclofed, or at
leaft fuch defires of mine as I hope Baggar-
ley will deliver to you upon oath to be mine;
and truly as matters go, it will be the beft
for you to make condition for yourfelf, chil-
dren, and friends, in the manner as we have
propofed, or as you can further agree with
Colonel Duckenfield, who being fo much a
gentleman born, will doubtlefs for his own
honour deal fairly with you.
'
" You know how much that place is my
darling, but fince it is GOD'S will to difpofe
in the manner it is, of this nation and Ireland
too, there is nothing further to be faid of the
Ifle of Man, but to refer all to the will of
GOD; and to procure the bed conditions
you
HOUSE of STANLEY. 309
you can for yourfelf, and our poor family
and friends there, and thofe that came over
with me; and fo trufting in the afliftance and
goodnefs of GOD, begin the world again,
though near to winter, whofe cold and pierc-
ing blafts are much more tolerable than the
malicious approaches of a poifoned ferpent,
or an inveterate or malign enemy; from
whofe power the Lord of Heaven blefs you
and preferve you; GOD ALMIGHTY com-
fort you and my poor children, and the
SON of GOD, whofe blood was fried for our
good, preferve your lives ; that by his good
will and mercy we may meet once more
upon earth, and laft in the Kingdom of Hea-
ven ; where we (hall be for ever free from
all rapine, plunder and violence, and fo I
reft everlaftingly,
Your mojl Faithful,
DERBY:
By
3 io The HIS TORY of the.-
By this time the judges were appointed
and the court formed for the trial of the no-
ble EARL of DERBY at Chefter, Mackworth
of Shrewlbury, being prefident.
Major Mitton, Robert Duckenfield, Henry
Bradihaw, Thoinas Croxton, and George
Twifleton, Colonels. Henry Birkenhead,
Simon Finch, and Alexander Newton, Lieut.
Colonels. James Stoford, Samuel Smith,
John Downes, John Delves, John Griffith,
Thomas Portington, Edward Alcock, Ralph
Powell, Richard Grantham, Edward Stolj-
fax, and Vinent Corbett, Captains.
THE DEFENCE
Of the Right Honourable
JAMES EARL OF DERBY,
On his Trial for Life at Chejler t before a Court-,
martial^ composed of Sequejlrators and Committee-
men above-named; he being allowed neither Council
nor Books in Court for his ajjijlance : addrejfed by
himfelf to the Prefident in manner following.
SIR,
HO USE of STANLEY. 3 1 1
SIR,
" T underftand myfelf to be convened before
you, as well by a commiflion from your
General, as by an A61 of Parliament of the
twelfth of Auguft laft.
" To the articles exhibited againft me, I
have given a full and ingenious anfwer.
" What may prefent itfelf for my advan-
tage I have gained liberty to offer and urge
by advice, and I doubt but in a matter of
law, the court will be to me inftead of coun-
cil in court."
SIR,
" THIRST I (hall obferve to you, the nature
and general order of a Court-martial,
and the laws and a&ions of it as far as con-
cerns my cafe, and .then mall apply my plea
to fuch orders. At*
" And therefore I conceive (under favour) '
that the laws of Court-martial are as the laws
of nature and nations, equally binding all per-
fons military, and to be obferved inviolably.
"And
3 i2 The HISTORY of the
" And there it is, if a judgment be given
in one Court-martial, there is no appeal to
any other Court-martial.
" Of which law martial, the civil law gives
a plentiful account, far above what the com-
mon law doth. Grolius de jure belli, &c.
tf But becaufe it is one only point of mar-
tial law, which I am to infift upon for my
life, I mail name it, and debate the juft right
of it, as quarter for life, given by Captain
Edge ; which I conceive to be a good bar to
a trial for life by a council of war.
'' That quarter was given me, if fcrupled,
I am ready to prove ; and that it is pleada-
ble, is above difpute.
" I (hall only remove one objection, which
is, that though this be a Court-martial, yet,
the fpecial nature of it is directed by Parlia-
ment.
fl To this I anfwer, though the Parlia-
ment directed the trial as it is, yet, it is to be
confidered as a Court-martial, which cannot
diveft
HOUSE of STANLEY. 313
diveft itfelf, nor is diverted of its own nature,
by any fuch direction.
"For to appoint a Court-martial to proceed
by any other laws than a Court-martial can,
is a repugnancy in natura rei.
" As fuch a Court-martial retains its own
proper laws and jurifdiclion for the fupport
of itfelf; fo the pleas and liberties incident
to it, cannot be denied the pnfoner.
" That quarter, and fuch quarter as I had
given me, is a good plea for life at a council
of war. I (hall not endeavour fo much to
evince by authors, that being the proper
work of the learned in civil law; but by
fuch way as we call jus gentium, is proved
by common practice and ftrong reafons.
" For the firft, I (hall not need to bring
foreign inftances, being before you, whofe
experience hath made this thing familiar to
you.
" And I believe you will agree with me,
that I am not only the firft Peer, but the
14 S f firft
j 1 1 The HIS TOR Y of the
firft man tried by a' Court-martial after quar-
ter given, unlefs fome matter (ex pojlfatto)
fubfequent to fuch quarter, brought them
within the examination of fuch Court-mar-
tial.
" And (as I am informed) upon the great
trial of the Earl of Cambridge, Lord Capell,
Earl of Holland, c. the plea of quarter
being ilrongly urged, it was only avoided
upon this ground, that it was no good plea
againfl: a civil jurifdiclion, there being no
colour of difpute tacitly admitted, and con-
cluded that it was a good plea againii a
military jurifdiftion,
" And though the Lord Capell and Lord
Goring's quarter feemed to have fome ad-
vantage, being given by the general by way
of articles ; yet, the quarter given to the
Earl of Cambridge, was given him by a
particular captain, and that quarter (as fuch
considered) as ftrong as the other, only both
avoided by tfye civil jarifdiclion ; it being a
lie in war, that quarter hath as much force,
(being given in action) as articles in a cefla-
tion, both irreverfable by^ny military power.
4 ' And
'
HOUSE of STANLEY. 315
" And though it be a maxim in politics,
that no general or foldier's concefiion (hall
prejudice the ftate intereit, yet they fhall
be bars to their power.
" I confefs I love the law of peace more
than that of war ; yet, in this cafe, I mud
adhere to thofe of war.
" And I would only know, whether quar-
ter was given me for a benefit or a naifchief?
If for a benefit, I am now to have it made
good ; if for a mifchief, it deflroys the
faith of all men in arms.
" And I have read this, as a maxim in
war, that promifes made by Kings and
State ComnMfiders, ought to be obferved
inviolably 3 J/K elfe there never will be any
yielding, ,C
" And I fhall lay this before Jou as a rule.,
that quarter given by the meaneft foldier
(if not forbidden) obliges as far as if the
general had done it himfelf.
" It may be ob;, -.en, that it may
S f 2 reft.
3 i6 The HISTORY of the
reft in the power of any private foldier, by
giving quarter to pardon treafon.
" To this I fay, I plead it not as an abfo-
lute pardon, but as a bar to a Court-martial ;
and here I (hall infer farther from conclufion
of treafons.
'' The profeflion of a foldier hath danger
enough in it, and he need not to add any
thing to it to deftroy the right of arms.
" I am before you as a Court-martial ;
it may be, fome or moft of you have in fome
aftion or other fince the troubles began,
received quarter for your lives ; then would
it not be hard meafure, that any Court-
martial fhould try you afterwards ?
" If this quarter be foiled or nulled, all
the treaties, articles, terms or conclufions
fince the war began, may be examinable by
any iubfequent Court-martial.
'' Nay, more than this, the fword, the
law of arms, all military intereft and your
own fafety, is judged and jeoparded as well
as mine, " But
HOUSE of STANLEY. 317
But I fhall not multiply, prefuming
you will not judge by laws of war, in which
capacity only you fit ; and that your Reli-
ligion and common Juftice allow that plea,
which is univerfal and even allowable in all
parts of the world.
" If you be diflatisfied, I pray (as an
effential to juttice) I may have a Doctor of
the Civil Law afligned me, or at lead have
liberty to produce their books of opinions ;
and that in the interim you fufpend your
fentence.
" Touching levying of forces in the Ifie
of Man, and invading England, I might
myfelf (and that truly) be a ftranger to all
the a6h for treafon ; and in particular to the
acts of the twelfth of Auguft.
" And that the Ifle of Man is not parti-
cularly named in any of the acls touching
treafon ; and not being particularly named,
thofe a&s reach it not, nor bind thofe of that
ifland.
" And
3 i8 The HISTORY of the
" And efpecially, that I was not in the
Ifle of Man when the laft a6l was made ; and
the law looks not backward : and while I
was in England I was under an unlikelihood,
and even impoflibility of knowing the new
ads.
" And in martial law, ignorantia juris,,
is a good plea, which I leave to judgment ;
having, as to the matter of faft, confeffed
and fubmitted to the mercy of the Parlia-
ment.
" I do, as to your military power, earneft-
ly plead quarter, as a bar to your further
trial of me; and doubt not, but you will-
deeply weigh a point fo confiderable both to
your confciences and concernments, before
you proceed to fentence, and admit my
appeal to his Excellency, Lord General
Cromwell, m this fingle point."
Upon this the court, without confidering
whether his plea againfl the power of the
Court-martial after quarter was given by a
field officer, was good or no, a defence
allowed in all civil nations, was yet over-
ruled
HOUSE of STANLEY. 319
ruled by the bench of Sequeftrators, who
altogether acled and were influenced by
Bradfhaw and his confederates, fummed up
his crimes in the following manner, viz.
" That he had traitoroufly borne arms for
Charles Stuart, againfl the Parliament
That he was guilty of a breach of an A61 of
Parliament of ihe twelfth of Auguft, 1651 ;
prohibiting all correfpondence with Charles
Stuart, or any of his party That he had
fortified his houfe of Latham againft the
Parliament, and that he now held the Ifle
of Man againft them, &c. Therefore they
pafled fentence of' death upon him, and
appointed his execution to be at Bolton,
within four days, that he might not have
time to appeal to Parliament.
However, his fon, the Lord Strange,
having before hand appointed horfes to be
ready, rode poft to London in one day and
night ; got his petition read in the junto by
Mr. Lenthel, their fpeaker (which no man
lfe would read or receive) but Cromwell,
and Bradfhaw had fo ordered the matter,
that when they law the major part of the
houfe inclined to allow of the Earl's plea, as
the
3 20 The HISTORY of the
the fpeaker was putting the queftion, eight
or nine of them quitted the houfe, and thofe
left in it (being under the number of forty)
no queftion could be put. So the Lord
Strange feeing all attempts or endeavours
to fave the life of his father fruitlefs and of
no effect, for that the grandees had refolded
upon and determined his death, with incre-
dible fpeed returned to his father before the
hour of execution, and acquainted him with
the cruel and bloody refolution of his pro-
feffed and implacable enemies.
His father embracing him with all the
tendernefs of natural love and affection, faid
to him, Son, I thank you for your duty,
diligence and endeavours to fave my life ;
but fince it cannot be obtained, I muft fub-
mit; and kneeling down faid, Domine non
mea voluntas fed tua. Then calling for his
friends, whom he had defired to be witnefles
of his death, prepared for the fcaffold ;
and died with more courage and Chriflian
patience, than his enemies malice could
murder with.
PARTI^
[ 321 ]
PARTICULARS OF THE CHRISTIAN BEHAVIOUR
AND HUMBLE DEPORTMENT OF
JAMES EARL OF DERBY,
From his Trial at CHESTER, to his Execution
at BOLTOX ;
By his Chaplain, the Rev. Mr. H. Baggarky^
Who attended him on that mournful occafion.
tne thirteenth of Oclober,
1651, my Lord procured me liberty
to wait upon him, having then been clofe
prifoner for ten days. He told me the night
before, Mr. Slater, Colonel Duckenfield's
Chaplain, had been with him from the Go-
vernor, to perfuade his Lordmip that they
were confident his life was in no danger.
His Lordfhip told me, he patiently heard
his difcourfe, but did not believe him ; for,
faid he, I was refolved not to be deceived
with the vain hopes of this fading world.
(: After we had walked a quarter of an
hour, and difcourfed his commands to me,
in order to my journey to the Ifle of Man,
"14 T t. touching
322 The HISTORY cf the
touching his content to my Lady to deliver
it up, upon thole articles his Lordfliip had
figned for that purpofe ; with his affection-
ate proteftations of his honour and refpect to
my Lady, both for her high birth and good-
nefs as a wife, and with much tendernefs to
his children there, efpecially my Lady Mary.
And was going on, when on a fudden came
into the room one Lieutenant Smith, a rude
iellow, with his hat on, who told my Lord,
he came from Colonel Duckenfield, the Go-
vernor, to tell him he mud make ready for
his journey to Bolton. He replied, When
would you have me to go ? To-morrow
morning by fix o'clock, faid Smith. Well,
laid my Lord, I thank GOD I am readier to
die than for my journey ; however, com-
mend me to the Governor, and tell him
by that time I will be ready for both.
'' Then that impudent rebel Smith faid,
Does your Lordfhip know any friend or fer-
vant that would do that thing that your
LordPnip knows of? It would do well if you
had a friend. My Lord replied, What do
you mean ; would you have me find one to
cut off my own head ? Smith faid, My
Lord,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 323
Lord, if you could get a friend. My Lord
anfwered, Nay, fir, if thofe men that will
have my head will not find one to cut it off,
let it Rand where it is ; I thank my God
my life hath not been fo bad that I mould be
inftru mental to deprive myfelf of it ; though
he hath been fo merciful to me as to be well
refolved againft the word terrors death can
put upon me ; and for me and my fervants,
our ways have been to profecute a war by
honourable and juft means, and not thole
barbarous ways of blood, which to you is a
trade.
" Then Smith went out and called me to
him, and repeated his difcourfe and defires
to me. I only told him, that my Lord had
given him a final anfwer on that head.
" Upon my coining in again, my Lord
called for pen and ink, and wrote his laft
letter to my Lady, alfo to my Lady Mary
and his fons, in the lile of Man.
" In the mean time Mr. Paul Moreau, a
fervant to his Lordmip, went and brought
all the rings he could get, and my Lord
T t 2 \vrappcd
324 The HISTORY of ike
wrapped them up in feveral papers, and writ
within them, and de fired me to fuperfcribe
them to his children, friends and fervants.
" The reft of that day (being Monday) he
fpent with my Lord Strange, Lady Cathe-
rine, and my Lady Amelia ; at night about
fix I came to him again, when the Ladies
were gone away ; and as we were walking,
and my Lord telling me that he would re-
ceive the Sacrament the next morning, and
on Wednefday morning both, in came the
aforefaid Smith, and faid, My Lord, the
Governor defires you would be ready to go
in the morning about feven o'clock. My
Lord replied, Lieutenant, pray tell the Go-
vernor, I fhall not have occafion to go fo
early ; by nine o'clock will ferve my turn,
and by that time I will be ready if he has
earlier occafion, he may take his own hour.
" That night I (laid fuppcr with my Lord,
who was exceeding chearful and well com-
pofed, and drank to Sir Timothy Feather-
(lone (who fufFered at Chefter a week after in
the fame caufe) and faid, Sir, be of good
Comfort, I go willingly before you ; GOD
hath
HOUSE of STANLEY. 325
hath fo ftrengthened me, that you (hall hear,
by his afliftance, that I (hall fubmit both as
a Chriftian and a Soldier, to be both a
comfort and an example to you.
" Then he often remembered my Lady,
Mary, and the little honourable matters,
and drank to me, and once to all his fer-
vants, efpecially to Andrew Broome, and
faid, he hoped now, that they who loved
him, would never forfake his wife and chil-
dren ; and he doubted not, but GOD would
be a mafter to them, and provide for them
after his death.
" In the morning his Lordfhip delivered
me the letters for the^fland, and faid, Bag-
garley, deliver thefe with my moft tender
aife&ion to my wife and fweet children, who
{hall continue with my prayers for them to
the laft minute of my life ; and I have in-
ftrucled you in all things refpe&ing your
journey.
" But as to that fad part of it with refpect
to them, I can fay nothing, but muft remain
m filence, for your own looks will bed tell
the
3 26 The HIS TO R Y of the
the mcffage. The GOD of Heaven direft
you, and profper and comfort them, in this
their day of deep affliction and diflrefs.
" His Lordfliip took leave of Sir Timothy
Featherftone, much in the fame manner as
the night before. Mr. CrofTen and three
other gentlemen who were condemned, came
out of the dungeon (at my Lord's requeft
to the Marfhal) and killed his hand, and
wept at taking leave. My Lord faid, Gen-
tlemen, GOD blefs and keep you; I hope
now that my blood will fatisfy for all that
were with me, and now you will in a fhort
time be at liberty ; but if the cruelty of
thefe men will not end there, be of good
comfort, GOD will flrengthen you to endure
to the laft, as he hath done me ; for you
{hall hear I die like a Chriflian a man a
foldier and an obedient fubjecl to the moft
jufl and virtuous of Princes.
" After we were out of town about half
a mile, my Lord meeting his two daughters,
Lady Catherine and Amelia, alighted from
his horfe, and with a humble behaviour and
noble carriage, kneeled down by the boot of
the.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 327
the coach and prayed for them ; then rifing
up, took his leave, and departed. This
was the deepefl fcene of forrow my eyes ever
beheld : fo much grief, concern and tender
affection on both fides, I never was witnefs
of before.
ts That night, Tuefday the fourteenth of
October, 1651, we came to Leigh, near
Winwick ; and in our way thither, his Lord-
(hip called me to him, and bid me when I
arrived at the Ifle of Alan, to commend him
to the Arch-deacon there, and tell him he
well remembered the feveral difcourfes that
paffed between them concerning death, and
the manner of it ; that he had often faid
the thoughts of death could not trouble him
in fight, or when with a fword in his hand,
<e But that he feared it would fomev/hat
(lartle him, tamely to fubmit to a blow upon
a fcaffold ; but, faid he, tell the Arch-dea-
con from me, that I find within myfelfan
abfolute change as to that opinion ; for I
blefs my GOD for it, who hath put thefe
comforts and courage into my foul, I can
with refignation to his Almighty Will, as
willingly
3 28 The HISTORY of the
willingly lay down my head upon a block.
as ever I did upon a pillow.
" My Lord at flipper made a competent
meal, faying, he would imitate his SAVIOUR :
a flipper mould be his laft aft in this world,
as it was his SAVIOUR'S own fupper before
he came to the crofs, which he faid he
fhould do to-morrow. That night he fpent
upon his bed, from betwixt ten and eleven,
until fix the next morning. As he laid him
down upon his right fide with his hand un-
der his face, he faid, methinks I lie like a
monument in a church ; and to-morrow I
mall really be fo. As foon as he arofe and
.had faid prayer, he fiiirted himfelf, and faid,
This (hall be my winding meet. Then he
faid to Mr. Paul, fee that it be not taken
from me, for I will be buried in it.
" Then he called to my Lord Strange to
put on his order once this day, and I will
fend you again by Baggarley, and pray re-^
turn it to my gracious Sovereign, when you
(ball be fo happy as to fee him; and fay, I
fent it in all humility and gratitude as I
received it fpotlefs and free from any (lain,
according
HOUSE of STANLEY. 329
according to the honourable example of my
Joyal anceftors.
" Then he went to prayer, and my Lord
commanded Mr. Greehalgh to read the
Decalogue ; and at the end of every com-
mandment made his confeffion, and received
Abfolution arwstthe Sacrament. After which,
hl^ called for pen and ink, wrote his laft
fpeech, and a note to Sir . S. When we
were ready to go, he drank a cup of beer to
my Lady, Lady Mary, little Matters, the
Arch-deacon, and all his Friends in the
Ifland ; charging me to remember him \o
them all ; then he would have walked into the
church to have feen Sir T. T.'s grave, but
was not permitted, nor to ride that day upon
his own horfe, but fet him upon a little gal-
loway, fearing, as they faid, the people
would rcfcue him.
" As we were going, about the middle
way to Bolton, the wind came eailerly,
which my Lord obferving, called to me and
faid, Baggarley, there is a great difference
betwixt you and me now, for my thoughts
are fixed, and I know where I (hall reft at
14 U u
330 The HISTORY of the
night, and fo do not you; for every little
alteration of wind or weather moves you of
this world, from one point to another* You
muft leave me, and go to my wife and chil-
dren in the Ifle of Man ; but in the mean
time, do not leave me if poflible, but flay and
fee me buried, as I told you, and acquaint
my dear wife and family with our parting.
[ 33 1 1
A COPY OF
THE EARL OF DERBY'S SPEECH
UPON THE SCAFFOLD,
AND SOME REMARKABLE PASSAGES IN HIS
GOING TO, AND BEING UPON IT,
ds in bis Lordflnp's Papers ;
AND AS IT WAS TAKEN BY MR. GREEHAL H, AND MV
COLLECTION, BACCARLEY.
U BETWEEN twelve and one of the
clock on Wednefday the fifteenth of
OHober, 1651, the EARL of DERBY came
to Bolton, efcorted by two troops of horfe,
and one company of foot. The people '
every where praying and weeping as he
went, even from the caftle of Chefter, his
prifon, to his fcaffold at Bolton, where his
foul was freed from its prifon the body.
" His Lordfhip was ordered to flop at a *
houfe near the crofs in Bolton, and palling
by it, faid, This muil be my crofs. Then
alighting and going into a chamber with fome
U u 2 of
332 The HISTORY of the
of his friends and fervants, had time allow-
ed him till three o'clock that day, the. fcaf-
fold not being ready, becaufe the people of
the town refufed to ftrike a nail, or give any
affiilance to it ; many of them faying, that
fince the war began they had furTered many
and great lofles, but never fo great as this.
This was the greateft that ever befel them,
that the EARL of DERBY, their Lord and
Patriot, fhould lofe his life there, and in
that barbarous manner.
" His Lordfhip (as I told you) having till
three o'clock allowed him, fpent all that
time with thofe friends that were with him,
in prayer; and telling them how he had
Jived, and prepared for his death, and how
the Lord had ftrengthened him againft the
terrors of it. Afterwards he defired them to
pray with him again ; and after giving fome
good inftruclions to his fon, the Lord
Strange, he defired to be in private, where
he left him, and continued on his knees in
prayer fome time ; then called for us again,
telling us how willing he was to die ; how
contented he was to part with this world,
and that the fear of death was no great trou-
ble
HOUSE of STANLEY. 333
ble to him fmce his imprifonment, though
he had always two or three foldiers with
naked fwords night and day in his chamber.
\
" He had great trouble and concern for
his dear wife and children ; and what might
become of them after his death, was often
in his thoughts, and fat heavy upon him ;
but now he was fatisfied that GOD would be
a hufband and father unto them, into whofe
hands and Almighty Protection he commit-
ted them ; and taking leave of his fon, he
called for an officer, and tqld him he was
ready."
At his going towards the fc<(bld, the
people cried and prayed, and prayed and
cried. His Lordfhip with a courteous humi-
lity faid, " Good people, I thank you all ;
I befeech you pray for me to the laft. The
GOD of heaven blefs you ; the SON of GOD
blefs you, and GOD the HOLY GHOST fill
you with comfort!" And coming near the
fcaffold, he laid his hands upon the ladder,
faying, I am not afraid to go up here, tho'
to my death. Then walking a while upon
the fcaffold, fettled himfelf at the eaft-end
of it, and made HIS
C 334 J
ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE.
T
AM come and am content to die in this
town, where I endeavoured to come
the lail time I was in Lancafhire, as a place
where I promifed myfelf to be welcome ;
in regard to which, the people have reafon
to be fatisfied of my love and affedion for
them; and that they now underftand fuffi-
ciently that I am not a man of blood, as
fome malicioufly and falfely flandered me
with, being acquitted of that by many gen-
tlemen of great worth, who were in the
fight in this town ; and I am confident there
are Mill fome in this place, who can witnefs
my mercy and care in faving the lives of
many men that day.
* e As for my crime, as fome call it, to
come into this country with the King, I
hope it deferves a better name ; for I did it
in obedience to his Majefty's commands,
whom I hold myfelf obliged to obey, ac-
cording
HO USE of S TA NL E Y. 335
cording to the proteftation I took in Par-
liament in his father's time.
" I confefs I love Monarchy, and I love
my mafter, Charles II. of that name, whom
I proclaimed in this country to be King.
The LORD blefs and preferve him, I do
believe and aflure you, that he is a virtuous,
valiant, and difcreet. Prince ; and I wifh fo
much happinefs to the good people of this
nation after my death, that he may enjoy
his right, and then I am well afTured, that
they cannot want theirs under him.
" I confefs here in the prefence of GOD,
I always fought for peace, and I had no
other reafon, for I wanted neither eftate nor
honour, neither did I feek to enlarge either
at the expence of other's lives and fortunes,
or the invafion of the King's rights and pre-
rogatives. My pfedeceflbrs were, for their
duty, loyalty and good fervices, raifed to a
high condition of honour and fortune, as is
well known in this country ; and it is as well
known that I am condemned to die by his
Majefty's enemies, by new and unknown
laws. The LORD fend us our King again,
and
336 The HISTORY of the
and the Lord fend us our Religion again; as
for that which is pracliled now, it hath no
name; and I think there is more talk of
Religion, than any real practice or good
effects thereof. Truly for me I die for GOD,
the King and the Laws, which makes me
not afhamed of my life, nor afraid at my
death.
" At which words, King and Laws, q.
trooper faid, We have no King, and will
have no Lords ; when fome fudden fear or
mutiny fell among the foldiers, and his
Lordfhip was interrupted, which fome of
the officers were troubled at, and his friends
much grieved. His Lordfhip having had
freedom of fpeech promifed him, and feeing
their troops fcattered in the ftreets, cutting
and (ladling the people with their fwords,
faid. Gentlemen, what is the matter, where
is the guilt ? I fly not, and here is none to
purfue you.
'
" Then his Lordfhip perceiving that he
might not fpeak freely, turned himfelf to his
fervant, and gave him his papers, and com-
manded him to let the world know what he
had to fay, had he not been interrupted and
hindered,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 337
hindered, which is as folio weth, as it was
written in his Lordfhip's papers, under his
own hand.
46 A/T Y Sentence, upon which I arn
brought hither, was by a council
of war, which council I had reafon to ex-
pect would have juftified my plea of quar-
ter for life; that being an ancient and ho-
nourable plea amongft foldiers, and not vio-
lated till this time. Tarn made the Ml: pre-
cedent in this cafe, and I earneflly wifh that
no others fuffer in the like manner. Now I
muft die, and I thank my GOD I am ready
to die, with a good and quiet confcience,
without malice to any, upon any grounds
whatfoever ; though others would not (hew
mercy unto me upon juft and fair means ;
but I forgive them, following the example
of my Saviour, who prayed for his enemies,
and fo do I pray for mine.
" As ' for my faith and religion, I profefs
and believe in one only GOD, and in JESUS
CHRIST his only Son, who died for me and
338 The 11 IS TORY of the
all mankind, and from whom I look for my
falvalioa, that is in and through his only
merits and fuflferings ; and I die a dutiful
fon of the Church of England, as it was
eilablifhed in my late matter's reign, and as
it is yet profefTed in the Kle of Man, which
is no final 1 comfort to me. I thank my GOD
for the quiet of my confcience at this time,
and for the affurance of thofe joys which he
hath promifed, and are prepared for all thofe
that love, adore and fear him. Good people
pray for me; I do for you. The GOD of
Heaven blefs you all, and fend you peace
and profperity ; that GOD, who is truth
itfelf, blefs you with peace and truth*
Amen,"
Prefently after the uproar was over, his
Lordfhip walking the fcaffold, called for his
executioner to come to him, and defired to
fee the axe, faying, " Come friend, give it
into my hands> I'll neither hurt thee nor it ;
it cannot hurt me, for I am not afraid of
it;" and lading it, gave it to him again,
then he aiked to fee the block, which was
not quite ready, and turning up his eyes>
faid, " How long, good Lord, how long?"
Then
HOUSE of STANLEY. 339
Then putting his hand into his pocket, gave
the headfman two pieces of gold, faying,
'"" This is all I have, take it, and do thy
work well ; and when I am upon the block,
and lifting up my hands, then do your b.ufi-
nefs ; but I fear your great coat will hinder
or trouble you, pray put it off."
Some {landing by, bid him aik his Lord-
fhip's forgivenefs, but being either too fallen
or too flow, his Lordfhip forgave him before
fie afked it ; and pafling by the other fide
where his coffin flood, and fpying one of his
Chaplains on horfeback amongft the troop-
ers, faid, " Sir, remember me to your bro-
ther and friend : you fee I am ready, but the
}lock is not ; but when I am got into my
chamber, which I mall not be long out of
(pointing to his coffin) I mall then be at reft,
and no longer troubled with fuch a guard
and noife as I have been ;" and fo turning
himfelf again he faw the block, and afked
if all was ready ; then going to the place
where he began his fpeech, he faid, " Good
people, I thank you for your prayers and
your tears ; I have heard the one and feen
the other;" and bowing, turned towards the
X x 2 block,,
340 The HIS TORY, of the
block, and then looking towards the Church,
he caufed the block to be turned and laid
that way, faying, " I will look towards thy
Sanctuary whilft I am here, and I hope to
live in thy heavenly Sanduary for ever here-
after.
Then taking his doublet off, afked how he
mud lie, faying, " I never faw any one's
head cut off, but I will try how it fits ;" fo
laying him down and (Iretching himfelf upon
the block, he rofe again, and caufed it to be
a little removed ; and {landing up and look-
ing at the executioner, faid, " Be fure you
remember what I told you, when I lift up
my hands then do your work ;" then look-
ing on his friends about him, faid, bowing,
" The Lord be with you all, pray for me ; ::
and kneeling upon his knees, made a fhort
and private prayer, ending with the Lord's
Prayer, and bowing himfelf again, faid.
" The Lord blefs my Wife and Children,
and the Lord blefs us all : :3 and laying his
neck upon the block, and his arms flretched
out, he faid thefe words aloud.
" Bleffed
HOUSE of STANLEY. 341
" Blefled be GOD'S holy name for ever
and ever. Amen.
" Let the whole earth be filled with his
glory."
And then lifting up his hands, the execu-
tioner did his work, and we hope and doubt
not but GOD hath done his, faved his foul,
and taken it, into everlafting felicity. After
which nothing was heard in the town but
fighs, fjbs and prayers.
When his body was taken up and ftripprd
as he had directed, and laid in his coffin,
there was thrown into it the following lines,
by an unknown hand.
Wit, bounty, courage, three here in one lie
dead,
A STANLEY'S hand, Vere's heart, and
Cecill's head.
The next day his corps was carried from
Bolton to Ormfkirk, and there depofited with
his renowned anceftors, to mingle his afties
with
342 The HISTORY of the
with theirs : and although we have here at-
tended this noble Lord through the courie of
many dangers and diftraclions of life, and
brought to lading reft, yet let us not quite
bury him in oblivion, but tranfmit to poite-
yity the memory of his piety and virtuous
life (as it came to our knowledge fince his
deceafe) as we have done his moft brave and
martial atchievements.
Wherein give me leave to prefent the rea-
der with his ufual Morning Prayer in his
clofet by himfelf ; his two laft letters to his
Lady and Children in the Ifle of Man, after
fentence of death pafled upon him ; his reli-
gious inftruftions to his children, and an
elegy on his death, by an ingenious hand.
A MORN-
C 343 ]
A MORNING PRAYER,
BY LORD DERBY.
CC (^)^ Almighty Lord GOD ! thou that
heareft prayer, affift me now in my
devotion, by the help of thy bleifed Spirit;
make me to have fo right a fenfe of my fins,
that I may be humbled before thee, and of
thy mercy, that I may be raifed and com-
forted by thee. O Lord ! make me tremble
to confider thee a mcAi mighty and terrible
GOD ; and make me again rejoice to know
thee a moil loving and merciful Father.
Make me zealous of thy giory, and thankful
for thy bo'im.ies : make me know my wants,
and the frailties of my nature, and be earned
in my prayer, that thou wilt forgive all my
mifdeeds ; make me in my addreffes to thee,
to have a prefent mind, and no cares, wan-
dering thoughts or defires elfewhere, or
feparate from thee: make me fo to pray that
I may obtain of thee mercy, and the relief of
all my heceflkies ; for the fake of thy b!ef-
fed Son and my Redeemer the Koly JESUS/'
Amen.
A COPY
L 344 3
A COPY oi
LORD DERBY'S LAST LETTER
TO HIS
LADY,
Oftober izt/i, 1651, from Chefler.
44 THAVE heretofore fent you comfortable
lines, but alas I have now no word of
comfort ; faving to our laft and beft refuge
which is ALMIGHTY GOD, to whofe will we
muft fubmit : and when we confider how he
hath difpofed of thefe nations and the go-
vernment thereof we have no more to do but
to lay our hands upon our mouths judging
ourfelves, and acknowledging our fms, join-
ed with others, to have been the caufe of
thefe miferies and to call on him with tears
for mercy.
" The Governor of this place, Colonel
Duckenfield, is General of the forces which
are going now againft the Ifle of Man, and
however
HOUSE of STANLEY. 345
however you might do for the prefent ; in
time it would be grievous and troublefome
to refift, efpecially thofe that at this hour
command three nations : wherefore my ad-
vice, notwithftanding my great affeftion to
that place is, that you would make conditions
for yourfelf, children, fervants, and people
there, and fuch as came over with me, to the
end you may go to fome place of reft where
you may not be concerned in war ; and tak-
ing thought of your poor children, you may
in fome fort provide for them ; then prepare
yourfelf toi come to your friends above, in
that blefled place where blifs is, and no
mingling of opinions.
" I conjure you, my deareft heart, by all
thofe graces which GOD hath given you,
that you exercife your patience in this great
and ftrange trial. If harm come to you, then
I am dead indeed, and until then I (hall live
in you, who are truly the beft part of my-
felf : when there is no fuch as I in being,
then look upon yourfelf and my poor chil-
dren, then take comfort and GOD will blefs
you.
15 Y y "I ac-
346 The HISTORY of the
" I acknowledge the great goodnefs of
GOD, to have given me fuch a wife as you :
fo great an honour to my family ; fo excel-
lent a companion to me; fo pious, fo much
of all that can be faid of good, I muft con-
fefs it impoflible to fay enough thereof. I
afk GOD pardon with all my foul, that I
have not been enough thankful for fo great a
benefit, and when I have done any thing at
any time that might juftly offend you, with
joined hands I alfo afk you pardon.
" I have no more to fay to you at this time,
than my prayers for the Almighty's bleffing
to you, my dear Mall, and Ned, and Billy.
Amen, fweet JESUS.
COPY
[ 347 ]
A COPY OF
LORD DERBY'S LAST LETTER
TO
Lady Mary, Mr. Edward, and Air. William-,
T
Dear Mall, my Ned, and Billy f
REMEMBER well bow fad you were
to part with me, but now I fear your for-
row will be greatly increafed to be informed
that you can never fee me more in this world;
but I charge you all to drive againft too great
a forrow; you are all of you of that temper
that it would do you much harm ; and my
defires and prayers to GOD are, that you
may have a happy life ; let it be as holy a
life as you can, and as little fmful as you can
avoid or prevent.
" I can well now give you that council,
having in myfelf at this time fo great a fenfe
of the vanities of my life, which fill my foul
with forrow ; yet I rejoice to remember that
Y y 2 when
348 The HISTORY of the
when I have blefied GOD with pious devo-
tion, it has been moft delightful to my foul,
and mull be my eternal happinefs.
" Love the Arch-deacon, he will give you
good precepts : obey your Mother with
cheerfulnefs, and grieve her not/ for (he is
your example, your nurfery, your councel-
lor, your all under GOD ; there never was,
nor never can be a more deferving perfon. I
am called away and this is the laft I mail
write to you. The Lord my GOD blefs you
and guard you from all evil. So prays your
Father at this time, whofe forrow is inex-
orable to part with Mall, Neddy, and Billy.
Remember,
DERBY?
LORD
L 349
LORD DERBY'S FIRST LETTER
From the ISLE of MAN,
To his SON, the LORD STRANGE,
WITH HIS
OBSERVATIONS relating to that ISLAND,
For his INSTRUCTION and IMITATION.
CC r ~PHE Hie of Man was fometime govern-
" ed by Kings, natives of its own, who
where converted to Chriftianity by St. Patrick,
the Apoftle of Ireland, and Sir John Stanley
the firft poffeffor of it, of that family, was
by his patent ftiled King of Man; as were
his fucceflbrs after him, to the time of Tho-
mas, the fecond EARL of DERBY ; who for
great and wife reafons, thought fit to forbear
that title.
tl And no fubjecl; I know hath fo great a
royalty as this, and left it mould at any time
be thought too great, keep this rule, and you
will more, fecurely keep it: fear GOD and
honour the King.
" When
350 The HISTORY of the
" When I go to the top of Mount Baroule,
by turning myfelf round I can fee England,
Scotland, Ireland, and Wales ; and think it
pity to fee fo many kingdoms at once, which
is a profpeft no place as I conceive in any
nation that we know under heaven can afford,
and have fo little profit from all, or any of
them.
" But having duly confidered thereof, have
as I imagine difcovered the reafon of it ; the
country is indeed better than I was inform-
ed of, for which I blamed myfelf that I en-
quired fo little of it ; for indeed he who feeks
not to know his own, is unworthy of what
he hath ; and I am of opinion this ifle will
never fiourifh until fome trade or manufac-
ture be eflablithed in it ; and though you
may invite ilrangers, or natives to become
merchants, yet, never any thing will be done
to the purpofe, until you yourfelf lead the
way ; and by your example and encourage-
ment, fet the people a pattern.
" By this or fuch like means, no doubt but
you may grow rich yourfelf, and others un-
der you improve the land ; and fet the peo-
pie
HOUSE of STANLEY. 35 1
pie to work, fo that in time you fhall have
no beggars, nor loiterers; and where you
have one friend now, you (hall have many ;
every houfe will become a little town, and
every town a little city 5 the fea will abound
with fhips, and the country with people ; to
the great enrichment of the whole.
LORD
352 ]
LORD DERBY'S LETTER
TO
COMMISSARY GENERAL IRETON,
IN
Anfwer to Offers made by him from the Parliament
of his whole Eftate,
If he -would furrender the IJle of Man to them.
Caftletown, July i2th, 1649.
S i R,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 353
felicitations ; for if you trouble me with any
more meflages on this occafion, I will burn
the paper, and hang the bearer. This is the
immutable refolution, and (hall be the un-
doubted pra&ice of him, who accounts it his
chiefeft glory to be,
His Majejly's moft loyal and
obedient fervant,
DERBY:'
" Chufe for your Bifhop a reverend and
holy man, who may carefully fee the whole
Clergy do their duty ; but not any perfon al-
ready benefited in England ; and oblige him
you chufe to refidence. By the law and cuf-
tom here, the Bimop might leafe any part of
the Bifhopric for 21 years, or for lives, or
further time, as it is at this time ; by which
you will fee few Bifhops have enjoyed the
full benefice of their fee, having contented
ihemfelves with being called Lords, without
due regard to their revenue, or any obligati-
on to refidence ; but in a few years the leafes
will be all expired, and then the Bifhopric
1 Z z vill
354 The HISTORY of the
will be worth having ; and confider the
cheapnefs of the place : I know few Bifhops
in England that can live better than he, the
whole being entire ; and your prerogative
herein very great, to which have a particular
regard. And I herein confider this, that if
the greateft part of the Bifhopric be leafed,
you will find few worthy men will except the
place; and if men be beneficed already, they
will not care to live in the ifle, which all the
Clergy ought to do.
Have great care the Brfhop be not of a
factious fpirit, and let him be of your own
chufmg, rather than by recommendation ;
fo will he (hew the greater obligation to you,
and be no ways dependant on any other ;
no, not even of York.
And if you, even as I defigned, fet up an
Univerfity, it may oblige the nations round
about us. Get friends to the country, and
enrich the land, which in time will bring
fomething to the Lord's purfe ; and as the
place is cheap (yet furnifhed with proper
fubfiftence, and the temptations to idlenefs
and luxury few) education might be attained
here
HOUSE of STANLEY. 355
here on the loweft terms ; but of this I (hall
tell you more when it pleafe GOD I can
fee you, and myfelf in peace.
His LORDSHIP'S REASONS to his SON,
For not affuming the Title of
KING IN MAN,
And exhorts him to be ftriclly loyal.
;c COME might think it a mark of gran-
deur, that the Lords of this ifle have
been called Kings ; and I might be of that
opinion, if I knew how this country could
maintain itfelf, independent of other nati-
ons, and that I had no intereft in another
place; but herein I agree with your, and
my great and wife anceftor, Thomas, the
fecond EARL of DERBY, and with him con-
ceive, that to be a great Lord is more ho-
nourable than a petty King.
Z z 2 " Befides,
356 The HISTORY of the
" Befides, it is not for a King to be fubjeft
to .any, but the King of Kings ; nor doth it
pleafe a King that any of his fubjefts mould
affecl that title, were it but to al it in a play ;
witnefs the fcruples raifed, and objections
made by my enemies in his Majefty's council,
of my being too near allied to the royalty,
to be trufted with too great power, whofe
jealoufies and vile fuggeflions have proved of
very ill confequence to his Majefty's intereft,
and my fervice of him. There never was a
wife fubjecl that would willingly offend his
King, but if offence were given from the
Prince, would rather humble himfelf before
him, as the only means to recover his favour,
without which, no fubjeft can propofe to
live with honour and fafety.
" To conclude this council, a take it for
granted, that it is honour to give honour to
your Sovereign ; it is fafe and comfortable ;
therefore in all your aclions let it vifibly ap-
pear in this ifle : let him be prayed for duly;
let all writings and oaths of officers, foldiers,
&c. have relation of allegiance to him.
LORD
C 357 1
Lord Derby's Second Letter to his Son
CHARLES, LORD STRANGE.
V
OU know my former inftruftions to
you were, firft, to fear GOD, the
beginning of Wifdon ; and that Honefty
and Religion were the grounds and ends of
all men's actions ; that all things are written
for our inftrucYion, and that no man can be
accounted happy in this world that is not
wife, for he that is wife, fees moft his own
unhappinefs.
" And I know you are taught thefe great
and good leflbns by your excellent tutor,
Mr. Rutter ; for whom may you and I give
thanks to GOD ; he is not only a good teach-
er to you 3 but a good friend and companion
both to you and me ; having nothing at all
of the pedant in him. You have profited
well in your ftudies, which is a proof of his
labour and care ; and without flattery to ei-
ther, above what I expected ; to which the
virtuous
358 The HISTORY of the
virtuous inclinations of your great and good
mother, by whofe tender care your infancy
hath been governed, hath greatly contribut-
ed.
" You have already the benefit of her lan-
guage, and fo need not travel as I and fome
others have done to fpend our time for words,
while we lofe fo much of our life, to have
ftudied men and manners ; but your prefent
education under fo great and excellent a tu-
tor, gives me aflurance rather than hope,
that you will fo well underftand yourfelf, and
the true knowledge of your Creator and Re-
deemer (without which, all other things are
vain and miferable) that your youth being
guided by fo able a teacher, will furnifh you
with fuch divine and moral precepts, as may
make your life comfortable, and your death
happy. From whofe learned inftru&ions,
when it (hall pleafe GOD to blefs you with
children, you may yourfelf give rules to their
teachers ; but left you mould forget any of
thofe wife and virtuous precepts, I may pre-
vail with Mr. Rutter, to give you his method
of inftru6ling youth in writing, to keep by
you, and if others when we are dead pretend
to
HOUSE of STANLEY. 359
to greater knowledge and a newer way of
teaching, you may compare his great (kill
with our true loves, of which thefe and the
like endeavours (hall be our witnefs ; as I
may fay fomething more of my .intentions
concerning your breeding, travel, &c. But
in the mean time, I will give you fome in-
ftruclions touching the manner of your houfe,
fervants, and eftate, which I hope may prove
of fervice ; I have already given you fome
marks of a good fervant ; and thefe follow-
ing are badges of a bad one.
'" My father upon the death of my mother,
growing infirm and difconfolate, and willing
to repofe himfelf from the troubles of the
world, purchafed a houfe on the fide of the
river Dee, near Chefter, and retired to it ;
referving to himfelf a thoufand pounds a year
for life, and put the reft of his eftate and re-
venue into my hands, which I fear I (hall
not be fo foon able to do with you, nor with
fuch latitude of power. However, by ob-
fervation of the following ruks and maxims,
you may fo manage, improve and enlarge
your eftate, as to live in repute, honour and
comfort.
" When
360 The HIS TORY of the
" When you (hall arrive at man's eftate,
ufe great caution in the choice of a wife ; for
as that is well or ill done, fo is the whole
life likely to be afterwards. It is like a pro-
ject in war, wherein a man can probably err
but once. If your eftate be good, match
near home and at leifure ; but if weak and
encumbered, marry afar off and quickly.
Enquire well into her difpofition, and how
her parents have been in their youth. Let
her not be poor, how generous foever ; for
a man can buy nothing in a market with
gentility; neither chufe an uncomely. crea-
ture for wealth, for it will caufe contempt in
others, and loathing with you ; chufe not a
dwarf or a fool ; the children of one will be
pigmies, and the other your difgrace by a
continual clack. There is nothing more
fulfome than a (he fool.
" As to your houfe-keeping, let it be mo-
derate, rather plentiful than niggardly, for
no man ever grew poor by keeping an order-
ly table. Banifti drunkennefs as a bane to
health, confuming much, and making no
{how. Beware not to fpend above the fourth
of your income, nor above one third of that
in
HOUSE of STANLEY. 337
in your houfe ; for the other two parts will
fcarce defray your extraordinaries, which
always furmount the ordinary : and remem-
ber the needy man can never live happily.
" Bring your children up with learning
and obedience, yet without aufterity : praife
them openly, and reprehend them fecretly.
Give them maintenance agreeable to your
ability, otherwife your life will feem their
bondage, and at your death they will thank
it, and not you for what you leave them.
" I am perfuaded that the foolifh indul-
gence of fome parents, and the too fevere
carriage of others, occafion more men and
women to take ill courfes, than their own
inclinations. Marry your daughters in time,
as a great work ; and if your fons are by cu-
riofity and cuftom inclined to travel, fuffer
them not to pafs the Alps, for there is no-
thing to be learned there, but pride, vice,
luxury and atheifm, with a few ufelefs words
of no profit.
" It is good to have provifion before hand
for houfe-keeping, and large demefnes arc
J6 A a a neceflary
362 The HISTORY of the.
neceffary for that purpofe : therefore do not
leafe any part already in your hands : and
live not in the country 'without corn and
cattle ; for he that pulleth to his purfe for
every penny, is like him that putteth water
in a fieve.
" Buy what you want at the beft hand,
and be not ferved with kihfrnen: and friends,
for they expe6l much and do but little, and
keep rather too few than one too many
feed and pay them weli, and you may expect
fervice from their hands.
" Let your kindred and friends be wel-
come at your houfe and table, and oblige
them by your countenance, which will dou-
ble the bond of nature, and raife fo many ad-
vocates upon occafion. Throw off and dif-
regard all loofe and flattering parafites, who
are every man's friend in prosperity, but of
no more ufe in adverfity, than an harbour in
winter. Avoid furetifhip for your befl friends,
but rather lend the money yourfelf on good
bond, although you borrow it ; for that will
fecure yourfelf, and pleafe your friend
neither borrow money of a neighbour or
friend,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 363
friend, but rather of a flranger. which when
paid you will hear no more of; otherwife
you will leflen your credit, lofe your friend,
and yet pay as dear for it.
" Undertake no fuit againft a poor man,
on receiving much wrong, for then you will
make him your equal, and it is a bafe con-
quell where there is no refiftance ; neither
make ufe of law againft any man, before
you are fully fatisfied of your right, and
then fpare neither money nor pains ; for a
caufe fo obtained may free you from fuits
great part of your life.
" Be fure to keep fome great man your
friend, but trouble him not with trifles;
compliment him often with fmall gifts of
little charge ; but if occafion require greater,
let it be fomething that may be daily in fight,
otherwife it may be like a hop without a
pole.
" Towards your fuperiors be humble, yet
generous ; with your equals familiar, yet
refpeftful to your inferiors ; fhew much hu-
manity and fome familiarity, as to bow the
A a a 2 body.
364 The HISTORY of the
body, ftretch forth your hand, or uncover
your head, with fiich like popular compli-
ments, which will prepare your way to po-
pular advancement, befpeak you a man well
bred, and gain a good report, which when
once got, is eafily kept.
" Civility and humanity take deep root in
the minds of the populace, who are eafier
gained by fmall courtefies, than by churlifh
benefits ; yet affeft not, nor negle6l popula-
rity too much.
" Truft not any man with the fecrets of your
mind that may nearly concern your life, ho-
nour, credit or eftate ; for it is the greateft
folly fo far to difcover and enflave yourfelf
to your friend : as if occafion (hould become
neceflary, you durft not dare to become his
enemy.
" Be not fcurrilous in converfation, nor
fatirical in your jefts ; for when any of them
favour too much of truth, they leave a t>it-
ternefs in the minds of thofe that are touched
by them ; and fome are fo prone to this kind
of behaviour, that they chufe rather to lofe
their
HOUSE of STANLEY. 365
their friend than their jeft ; but I advife you
to avoid all fuch fatire, as may be difagreea-
ble to the company, which may engage you
in difputes, and draw upon you the hatred
of friends, if not quarrels alfo.
" It is very commendable to have comely
men to ferve you ; but have none that is
either a Puritan, or Jefuit; next to them, a
mufician is very troublefome. Many boys
to wait on your fervants are fluttifh, given
to pilfer and fteal, and difgrace your houfe.
I would have all thofe under the yeomen in
livery, whether yours or any of your chief
retinue.
tf Have a good fteward of your houfe,
and clerk of the kitchen, who make them-
felves awed by the fervants, even as much
as yourfelf ; and while they ferve you well,
you muft countenance them well; fo will
your houfe be orderly.
" I would as much as in me lay, keep my
own cam ; fo mall I better hufband it, know-
ing on what occafions I part with ; and as it
is a cuftom fometimes to reward good fer-
vants,
366 The HIS TOR Y of the
vants, confider well before you give, what
it is, to whom, and for what, for certainly
when you give to a good man (becaufe he is
good) it is likely to keep him fo, and make
others good from the example. I would not
have many in my houfe too near a-kin, for
you will be apt to encourage one too much,
for another's fake ; neither would I have
many married in my houfe, by fo doing you
may come to have the children alfo.
" When a fervant minds himfelf more
than your bufinefs, then you may be fure he
is growing rich, gaining reputation at your
coft; and then you may obferve men making
their addrefles to him, rather than you ; his
followers attending him bare headed, which
puffs him up to flight your fervice ; and if
you refpe6l him, it may be, he will honour
you, otherwife he can live of his own, and
may have the vanity to give out, it was his
father's legacy, though he came to you a
beggar.
" If a fervant be prodigal, neglecting his
own affairs, afluredly he will neglect yours ;
and this you may fee if he be needy : a
gamefter.
HOUSE of STANLEY. 367
gamefler, a company keeper, or otherwife
vicious and the like difmifs fuch a fervant
your houfe and fervice.
" Another fort will, perhaps, delight to
keep you in fuits and troubles, that he may
never want employment; and you cannot
want him, exclaiming againft all others as
unfit for your fervice. But in this cafe the
rule of Machiavel is to be remembered
Fortiter Calumniari aliquid addet. More
dangerous than this is a flattering fervant,
who endeareth himfelf to you, by applaud-
ing and approving all you like, fay or do, jA
which may prevail with you to think that
you have one after your own heart, but will
in time gnaw you to the very bone : yet ob-
ferve this rule, and there will be lefs danger
of being deceived. When any praife you,
be cautious whether you deferve it or not ;
or if you do, think he does not always love
you bed, that praifeth you mod. Remem-
ber the Italian proverb, That after eating
fait with one feven years, you may then
judge of his fmcerity, and how far you may
trull him. Thofe you trufl with money, or
imy receipts or difburfements of it, bring
often
3 68 The HISTORY of the
often to account, which will keep themjuft,
and make you eafy.
" Mod of thefe misfortunes I have met
with in fervants, which hath. given me great
vexation ; therefore I hope, by my experi-
ence, you will avoid them as much as pofli-
ble. I might have enlarged upon many of
the paffages and obfervations here recited,
in which I have been fufficiently exercifed to
give you examples both of pride and corrup-
tion in thofe employed about you ; but am
loath to dwell too long on one fubjeci, not
knowing how (hort a time I mud dwell here
myfelf, fo (hall omit them for the prefent,
and only give you a few general aphorifms
and maxims in life, for your inftruction and
obfervation in the courfe of it, which I ex-
hort you always to remember and praftife.
as a fure monitor and guide of all your
actions, conduct and behaviour, towards
GOD, your Prince, and Neighbour/ 5
INSTRUC-
INSTRUCTIONS,
BY
JAMES EARL OF DERBY, TO HIS SON,
THE
LORD STRANGE,
(By 'way of Apborifm.)
For his Obfervation in Life.
FIRST.
U C\ F all things, feek ye to know the
Word of GOD, and the Kingdom
ef GOD.
" II. Know that about GOD, there js
neither greatnefs, place, quality, figure or
time ; for he is all, through all, and about
all.
" III. This word, O Son ! worfhip and
adore, and the only fervice of GOD is not
to be evil.
16 B
370 The HIS TORY of the
" IV. Remember that virtue, honour and
religion, are the grounds and ends of all
good men's actions*
" V. Build more upon an honed man's
word, than a bad man's word.
" VI. Triift not any man that has not
approved himfelf a man of found principles
and a good conference; for he that is falfe
to GOD, can never be. true to man.
" VII. Remember that he is a happy King
who loves his people, and is beloved by
them.
"^III. That the flrength of a King is in
the love of his people.
" IX. That Princes ought to be better than
other men, becaufe they command and rule
all.
" X. That a good Prince ought firft to
preferve the fervice of GOD and his Church ;
and next the common wealth, before his own
pleafure.
" XI, That
HOUSE of STANLEY. 371
' XL That he can never be a good ftatef-
man, that regardeth not the public more
than his own advantage.
" XII. That honour is the reward of vir-
tue gotten with labour, and held in danger.
" XIII. That counfel without refolution
and execution, is but wind.
XIV. That divifion in council is moft dan-
gerous.
" XV. That attempts are moft probable
when wifely formed, and fecretly and fpeedi-
ly executed.
-c-
" XVI. That union is the ftrength, and
divifion the ruin of .any body politic.
" XVII. That the taking or lofing an op-,
portunity, was the gaining or lofing a pro-
jecl in fortune.
" XVIII. That war is foon kindled, but
peace very hardly procured.
B b b 2 " XIX, That
372 The HISTORY of the
" XIX. That war is the eurfe, and peace
the blefling of GOD, upon a nation.
" XX. That a nation gaineth more by one
years peace, than ten years war.
" XXI. That a nation can never be rich
that hath no trade and commerce with other
nations.
.
" XXII. That no man can get riches of
himfelf, but by means and afliftance of
others.
,
" XXIII. That riches are GOD'S bleffing
to fuch that ufe them well ; and his curfe to
fuch that do not.
" XXIV. That all things in the world are
valuable as we efteem them ; for a little
to him that thinketh it enough, is great
riches.
" XXV. That wild, lewd, and unthrifty
youth, is frequently the parent's fault, in
making them men feven years too foon.
" XXVI. That
HOUSE of STANLEY. 373
" XXVI. That youth are guilty of much
folly and extravagance, having but children's
judgments ; therefore mould be inftru&ed
and governed with the greateft prudence and
tendernefs.
" XXVII. That the better to prevent the
follies of youth, the ancient Romans had a
law, by which their fons were not permitted
to poflefs their father's eftate, until they
arrived at the age of twenty-five years."
TO
C 374
TO THE
GLORIOUS MEMORY
.
\
BLESSED MARTYR,
JAMES EARL OF DERBY.
U TLJAIL honour'd Vault, thou facred duft,
Clean as the STANLEY'S name that
mud
Eternize you, and give^to'lJeath
Rank tho' it be, a fweeter Breath,
Than fpices fuck'cl from eaftern air,
Or any place but where you are ;
For balms that other bodies keep,
Are kept themfelves where you do deep :
Marvel not Holy Urns if now
By kind or cruel fate, or how
I know not, your brave Son apf>ca'rs,
All fmeer'd with blood, and bath'd with tears,
To take his lodging up and lie
In your untainted company ;
For
HOUSE of STANLEY. l 375
For tho' his Noble Blood was fpilt
By colour of blackureafons squill ;
Yet know we call noTbctd"or good,
As in your days^was underftood ;
The filly Virtues of your times,
Our wifer age, hath made our crimes ;
We believ'd hiftories and there,
We read how true the STANLEY'S were;
But fince, this Man was made we know,
A Rebel for not being fo ;
And by new ftile of language found,
For having ne'er been falfe, unfound.
Pardon us if we fwear that you,
Bled fouls, have all been traitors too.
But ftay your peaceful {urines fmift hear*
No more of this, and you that wear
The white to (hew your innocence,
So taken in the good old fenfe,
Do not difdain if he that bled
Come here to dye you all in red ;.
Kow well it muft you faints become,
To be dip'd with "him in MARTYRDOM.
You lov'd your PRINCES, and the end
For which you liv'd was to defend
The power that made you great to be.
Worthy of this pofterity :
376 The HISTORY of the
But if your waking fpirits flew,
That day aloft when with a few
Great DERBY mounted on his caufe,
Fought for his COUNTRY, KING and LAWS;
Refolv'd our little light grown dim,
Shou'd ne'er be quite extinguifli'd without
Him ;
You'll fay that you did but begin
What he made perfect and have been ;
'Tis all that Reafon can afford,
You Majefty's bucklers, he the fword ;
Oh ! where's the fortune that was won't
To wait on yoi\ iwad give account
Of all your Aftions, bidding Fame
To write them fair upon your Name ?
What rnufl his valour be denied
Succefs, to fatisfy the pride *
Of angry Fates, who fet it down
For Law, no bays without a crown ?
Making his lofs a public harm,
Three Kingdoms leaning on his Arm.
" Poor Deftinies to govern Wars,
Yet fuffer him to top your ftars ;
And change to Triumph what you meant,
By fond miftake his punifhment ;
So
HO USE of S TA NL E Y. 377
So did he ride, his Chariot drawn
By Tigers tam'd, and taught to fawn.
Upon the greatnefs of his foul,
Brute paflions all at his controul ;
Rage turn 'd to pity, fcorns to fears,
Hard and cold hearts difiblv'd to tears ;
His gujod march'd like poor conquer'd things,
Who ji before cou'd fpit at Kings ;
He putlhem on new garbs, and none
Of thaefday's manners W4pe their own.
i
" A Triumph fuch m one may fee
After fome Indian viftory ;
Where favage beafts firfl learn to kneel,
And (laves walk chain'd to chariot wheel ;
A glorious day, no griefs might dare
To darken* what his looks made fair ;
" But as the valiant Ifraelite,
In Vifion faw before the %kt ;
His fleece by wonder, dry, and round,
About the place a water'd ground;
So\ftood unmovji this gallant Peer,
WhiliHorrow made all deluge there ;
And yet, as when with hotteft rays,
A clear Sun its full ftrength difplays ;
v
16 / ,. Ccc On
j;8 The HISTORY of the
On fome thick cloud that dare refifL
There (hews a kind of bloody mift ;
So did his clearnefs then arife,
And dart upon the peoples' eyes ;
That none did ever fee, they fay.
A bloodier and a fairer day ;
Fix : d in the fweetnefs of a mind,
Free from guilt and fear we find ;
His boldnefs now bowing to none.
But his GOD and him alone.
" And as triumphing confuls thought.
Their glories greater when they brought,
Their Crowns to th' temple as was meet ;
There laid them down at great Pan's feet.
" So after all this triumph he,
A fervantftill to MAJESTY
Before his GOD fell on his face ;
At which the genius of this place,
This reverend vault fetch'd him away.
T' enthrone him where the STANLEY'S lay ,
Whofe afhes whifper their defire,
From his warm blood to take new fire ;
And light a blinded world to fee,
Thi-r bleiTTng oftheir LOYALTY.''
This
HOUSE of STANLEY. 379
This great and noble Lord, whofe various
tranfaftions in life, and tragical death \ve
have been defcribing, was the feventh EARL
of DERBY of his family; he married to his
Lady, the moft noble Charlotte, daughter to 1 '
Claud de la Tremouillc, Duke de Tremouille
and Trovers, by Charlotte his wife, daughter
to the renowned Count William of Naffou,
Prince of Orange, by his wife, Charlotte de
'Bourbon, of the royal Houfe of France; by
which marriage he flood allied to the Kings
of France, and to the Houfes of Bourbon,
Monpeflier, Bourbon, Conde, Dukes of An-
jou, Kings of Naples and Sicily, Arch-duke
of Auftria, Kings of Spain, Earls and Dukes
of Savoy, Dukes of Milan, and to mofi of
the fovereign Princes in Europe.
By this, noble Lady, he had iffue three
fons ; Charles, who fucceeded him, and Ed-
ward and William, who both died voun^ and
J O
unmarried ; alfo three daughters, the eldeft,
Lady Henrietta Maria, married to William,
the great Earl of StrafFord, and died without
ifTue ; the Lady Catharine, fecond daughter,
married to Henry, Marquis of Dorchefter.
and alfo died without iffue ; and the Lady
C c c 2 Amelia
380 The HIS TOR Y of the
Amelia, the youngeft, married to John Earl
of Athol, and was Grandmother to his
Grace, James, the prefent Duke of Athol.
The taking away the blood of the noble
Peer aforefaid, might have been efteemed by
the world, a facrifice fufficient to have atton-
ed for any fuppofed offences given by his
Lady and innocent Children, who were in
the Ifle of Man, at the time of his being
taken out of the world, where it might have
been concluded they were in a place of quiet
and fecurity.
But even this place of retirement was no
fafeguard to them, for the wicked and reftlefs
malice of their perfecutors, Bradfhaw, Rigby,
and Birch, found them out there, and {truck
at his furviving and afflicted Lady and Chil-
dren, endeavouring and ufing all their power,
to eradicate them and the whole noble Fami-
ly, from the face of the earth.
And to this purpofe had corrupted one
Captain Chriftian, whom his Lordfhip had
brought up from a child, and on his coming
over to attend his Majefty King Charles II.
entrufted
HOUSE of STANLEY. 381
\
entrufted him with the command of all the
foot foldiers in the ifland, as a guard and fe-
curity of the place, and his diftrefled Lady
and Children, whom he was charged to take
efpecial care of.
But the faid Chriftian proving a moft per-
fidious and treacherous villain, had corrupt-
ed the foldiers of both the caftles, as well as
thofe under his command, promifing to de-
liver up the ifland to the Parliament fhips
and forces, when they appeared againft it.
Upon which, Colonel Duckenfield and
Birch, having commiflion from the junto at
London, appeared before it with ten fhips,
and fummoned the heroic Lady Derby to
deliver up the ifland to them for the ufe of
the Parliament. Her Ladyfhip having Sir
Thomas Armftrong with her in Caftle-rufhen,
whom her Lord had made Governor there,
and his brother Governor of Peel-caftle,
and being likewife confident of the integrity
of Chriftian and the iflanders under him,
refufed to furrender, without licence from
the King.
But
The HISTORY of the
But Chriftian having prepared his country-
men for the execution of his treachery, that
very night fuffered the forces to land without
refinance, feized upon the Lady and her
Children, with the Governors of both the
Caflles, and the next morning brought them
prifoners to Duckenfield and Birch; who
told her Ladyfhip, that Chriftian had furren-
dered the ifland upon articles, which her
Ladyfliip defired to be favoured with a fight
of, and on perufal thereof (he obferved,
that the Ifle of Man was only yielded up,
and that the iflands about it were not inclu-
ded ; upon which (he requefted of Colonel
Duckeniield and Birch, and efpecially of
Chriftian, who had formed and acquiefced to
thofe articles, that (he and her Children
might have leave to retire to Peel-caflle,
iituate in an ifland feparated from the main
iiland by the fea : from whence (he propofed
ihe might in fome little time, get over to her
friends in France, Holland, or fome other
place of red and refuge. 1
Etit (he was utterly denied that favour by
her inhuman enemies, without regard to her
companion for her children, refpecl to
her
HOUSE of STANLEY. 383
her quality, or even common civility, found
any place for her relief. Thus this great and
excellent Lady, whofe Religion, Virtue and
Prudence, were not inferior to any woman
upon record, was become a captive and prifo-
ner, to her molt barbarous, malignant, and
unmerciful enemies ; (he, who brought fifty
thoufand pounds portion to this nation, has
not now a morfel of bread for herfelf or de-
folate children, but what was the charity of
her impoverifhed and ruined friends.
After which, (he and her children conti-
nued prifoners in the ifland until his Majeily's
happy Reiloration (enduring all thefe fuiier-
ings with a generous relolution and C Khan
patience) and then expected jullice againft
her Lord's Murderers, her fon reitored to
the fequeiirated eftates of his father, and
fome compenfation for the imrnenfe loifcs
and deveflation of her family; but failing of
all, her great heart (overwhelmed wiih grief
and endlefs for row) burfl in pieces, and ihe
died at Knowfley-houfe, with that Chriftian
temper and exemplary piety, in which (he
had always lived.
The
384 The HISTORY of the
The late very eminent, but unhappy Lord,
Earl James, was fucceeded in honour, by
his eldeft fon, Charles, Lord Strange, as the
eighth EARL of DERBY of his name; who,
upon his acceflion to the eftate of his family,
found it in the utmofl confufion and diforder :
the ancient Houfe of Latham demolifhed,
and all the eftate thereto belonging, under
fequeftration ; the Houfe of Knowfley in
little better condition; ruinous, out of re-
pair, and great deveftations committed in
the houfe, gardens and park ; and what was
yet more deplorable, near one half of the
eftate poffeffed by his father, fequeftrated
and fold, and a little, or very fmall part of
it. ever recovered ; of which, the legiflative
juftice of both Houfes of Parliament had fo
fenfible a knowledge, and fuch deep and
compaflionate a concern for the fufferings of
the late brave EARL of DERBY, his Lady
and noble Family, that they unanimoufly
patted a bill, in both houfes, to reftore Earl
Charles to all his father's fequeftrated eftates,
he repaying to the pofleflbrs, the inconiide-
rable value given by them for their feveral
purchafes, and they accounting with him for
the profits received, during their pofleffion
of any branch or part of it. But
HOUSE of STANLEY. 385
But fo it was, that neither the fervices of
his Father and Mother, nor the immenfe
fums expended by them for his then Majefty
Charles II. and for his Father's intereft and
the fupport of his Crown and Dignity, nor the
lofs of his own Father's Life, nor his faving
and fecuring that of the reigning Prince,
King Charles II. as before, nor any other
intereft or confideration could prevail upon
that ungrateful King to give his royal aflent to
that ad ; fo that all thofe eftates were loft
and feparated from the family for ever, which
fo reduced the {aid Earl Charles, that he had
Icarce fufficient left to fupport the honour
and dignity of his character, as hereafter will
appear.
Infomuch that his eldeft fon and fucceflfor,
Earl William, whom I had the honour to
ferve feveral years as Houfhold Steward, hath
often told me, that he poffeffed no eftate in
Lancafhire, Cumberland, Weftmoreland,
Yorkfhire, Chefhire, Warwickftiire, and
Wales ; but whenever he viewed any of
them he could fee another near or adjoining
U> that he was in poffemon of, equal, or
greater of value, loft by his Grandfather for
17 D d d his
3 86 The HISTORY of the
his loyalty and fervice to the Crown and his
Country.
Charles, the prefent Earl before us, lived
in a time of peace and tranquility, fo that I
have nothing to remark of his achievements
in a military life. He was a perfon of great
affability, courteous to all, a good mailer,
a kind landlord, and a loving friend and
neighbour. He maried to his Lady, Dorothea
Helena Rupa, a German Lady, of an ho-
nourable family, but fmall fortune, which
(he being fenfible of, ufed all her endeavours
to repair that defect by her ceconomy, pru-
dence and frugal management of her family,
and all affairs under her care and infpeclion.
By this Lady his Lordfhip had iffue, four
fons and two daughters, viz. William, Ro-
bert, James and Charles William, after
his father's death, fucceeded him Robert
and Charles died unmarried, and James, his
third fon, fucceeded his brother William in
the Earldom Charlotte, his fir ft' daughter,
married Thomas, Lord Col,chefter, eldeft
fon and heir of Thomas, Earl Rivers, and
by him had ifTue only one daughter, who
died young and unmarried ; and Mary, his
fecond
HOUSE of STANLEY. 387
fecond daughter, died unmarried ; and he
himfelf died the twenty-firft of December,
1672, and was honourably depofited with his
noble anceftors at Ormfkirk, near Latham.
Having a 'little before taken notice of the
great diforder the late Earl found his eflate in
on his coming to the pofTeffion of it, give
me leave before I proceed further, for the
fatisfaclion of the reader and information of
the hiftory and proceedings of thofe diftrac-
ted times, to lay before him a few examples
of thofe oppreflions laid upon and fuffered
by this noble family, in manifeflation of my
aflertion of their fufferings.
D d d 2 ORMSKIRK
[ 388 3
ORMSXIRK PARISH.
ORDERS concerning LATHAM.
<C TX^HEREAS there is a great quantity
of meadow ground belonging to
the EARL of DERBY in Latham, and now
the time of the year importuneth a fpeedy
courfe to be taken This is therefore to re-
quire you forthwith to take notice of it, and
to fet fo much as you can, and the reft to
get mowed, and to fet it in places moft con-
venient, either in barns or ricks ; and if you
cannot fet meadowing whereby to pay the
mowers, or other charges accuftomed to be
difburfed formerly, you may repair to me
and I (hall appoint a way, or give you mo-
ney to pay all fuch difburfements, and in fo
doing this (hall be your warrant. "Civeti
under my hand at Ormfkirk, Auguft 3d. 1645.
JOHN ASHHURST.
To Eyan Swift of Skelmerfdale, this.
" What you can fet I defire you would,
but for the reft, I would have the one half
given for getting the other.
JOHN ASHHURST/
QRMSKIRK
C 389 ]
ORMSKIRK PARISH.
By Indenture Trepartite, dated Auguft n, in the
thirteenth year of King Charles I. between Wil-
liam, EARL of DERBY, and Sir James Stanley,
Lord Strange, of the firft part; Elizabeth, La-
dy Stanley, Widow, late wife of Sir Robert
Stanley, Charles Stanley and James Stanley,
Efqrs. fons of the faid Sir Robert Stanley, of
the fecond part ; and Sir Henry Croft, and Sir
Theobold Gorges, Knights, of the third part.
R
E C I T I N G therein an award made
by his Majefty for the ending of fuits
and differences between the faid Earl, the
faid Elizabeth Stanley, Charles Stanley and
James Stanley, the faid Earl and James, Lord
Strange, in performance and obedience of
the award for provifion of maintenance for
the faid Lady, Charles and James Stanley,
and the heirs male of their bodies ; and in
confideration of love and affeftion, covenant
by one or more fines before the end of two
years next following, to convey and aflure
to Sir George Croft and Sir Theobold Gorges
and their heirs, the feverai manors of La-
tham* Burfcough, Childwall and Dalton,
with
390 The HIS TORY of the
with the appurtenances, and other mefluages,
lands and tenements fituate in the precin6ls
of Latham, Burfcougb, Childwall and Dai-
ton ; and alfo the capital mefluage or man-
fion-houfe called Upton, with its appurte-
nances, in the counties of Chefter and Lan-
cafter, to feveral ufes.
e< Upon the EARL of DERBY'S delinquen-
cy, there is now due and in arrears (as the
Lady Stanley affirms) 698^. and that her two
fons are riot yet at age ; therefore it is defired
by the faid Lady Stanley, that the arrears
due, and the growing rents may be paid her,
or that fhe may have her deed and eftate
allowed her, notwithftanding the fequeftra-
tion and this appears to be the cafe.. Dec.
1645.
J. BRADSHAW.
Ver. Cop. W. Garland."
L 39 1 J
At the Committee of l^prds and Commons for
Sequejlration.
Die Mer. Dec. 24, 1645.
4; TN the cafe of the Lady Stanley, upon
the report of Mr. Bradfhaw, to whom
it was referred, a copy, whereof is hereunto
annexed, and on full debate of the matter,
it is ordered that the faid report be confirmed,
and that it be referred to the feveral Com-
mittees of the'counties of Chefhire and Lanca-
fhire,where the lands charged with the yearly
rent demanded by the faid Lady lies, to
allow her faid yearly growing rent and the
arrearages thereof, being depofed by the faid
Lady to be 6g8/. according to the rateable
proportion of the lands in each county ;
or elfe to permit her to take the benefit of
her order for non-payment thereof.
J. WYLDE.
Vcr. Cop. exam* per me R. Vaughari"
.
ORMSKIRK
[ .392 3
ORMSKIRK PARISH.
At the Committee of Lords and Commons
for Sequeftration,
Die Mcr. April 15, 1646.
U T TPON the petition of the Lady Eliza*
beth Stanley, and the certificate of
the Committee of Chefhire, a copy whereof
is hereunto annexed and attefted, it is thought
lit and ordered, that the Committee of Lan--
cafhire, by whom the fequeftration was made,
do either allow and pay unto the petitioner
her rent and arrearages due to her, or elfe to
permit and fuffer her to enter and diftrain
upon the lands, according to her deed by due
courlc of law.
H. PELLAM,
Ent. R, Vaughan"
PRESTON
[ 393 ]
PRESTON, in COM. LAN.
At the Committee, Auguft 28, 1647.
CC TT is ordered, that Mr. Peter Ambrofe,
(hall at the next fitting of the Commit-
tee for Sequeftrations, certify the true yearly
value of that part of the EARL of DERBY'S
Eftate as Hands charged with an annuity or
rent charge of 6ool. per annum, payable to
the late Lady Stanley, now Countefs of Lin-
coln, and her children ; and that (he may be
at liberty to provide a farmer for the faid
eftate, for the year next coming ; he and faid
Mr. Peter Ambrofe, having had notice there-
of.
Alex. Rigby,
R. Cunliff,
J. Starkie.
Int. E.
17 Eee ,."
[ 394 ]
At the Committee, Ftb. 23^. 1645.
it is informed, that the
Houfe of Knowfley is in decay, and
want of reparation, a part of the leads there
being taken off for the public ufe at the firfl
league againft Latham, it is ordered, that
Mr. Peter Ambrofe (hall view the defefts,
and what quantity of lead (hall be thought to
be wanting for the repair thereof, fhall be
fupplied with the lead taken off Latham,
upon certificate under his hand to the Com-
mittee; and it is further ordered, that the
Houfe of Knowfley and the orchard and gar-
dens there (hall be improved to the bed bene-
fit of the common-wealth, by the agent for
fequeftration of that eftate, to the end the
fame may be better repaired out of the profits
thereof.
R. SHUTTLEWCRTH."
At
C 395 ]
At a Committee, June 4, 1646.
CC IT is ordered, that Mr. Peter Ambrofe,
and other Agents for Sequeftrations of
Derby Hundred, (hall permit and fuffer Wil-
liam Kyndfley and Richard Bradfhaw, quiet-
ly to bear and carry away all fuch goods,
pipes of lead, and other materials formerly
belonging to the Houfe of Latham, and as
yet remaining there, and contracted and a-
greed for by the faid Mr. Kyndfley and Mr.
Bradfhaw, with John Heywood and others,
authorized for the fale of fuch goods.
William Knipe,
Nicholas Cunliffe,
Robert Cunliffe,
John Bradfhaw,
John Starkie,
Richard Afheton."
E e e 2 ORMSKIRK
ORMSKIRK PARISH.
To Mr. Ambrofe, an Agent for Sequeftrati-
ons in Derby Hundred.
Mr. Ambrofe,
defire you to view Latham-houfe,
and to certify us at your next com-
ing hither, whether Capt. Peter Holt hath
obferved his orders in the demoliming of the
faid Houfe of Latham, and whether he hath
done any thing but according to his order,
which is all at prefent from
Your loving friends,
E Buterworth,
Edward Rigby,
Prefton, Apr. 29. James Afheton,
'J. Bradfliaw, Vic.
Richard Hougton,
Peter Egerton."
PRESTON.
C 397 ]
PRESTON.
. At the Committee, April 23,
U JT is ordered that Captain Peter Holt
(hall deliver up the Houfe of Latham,
together with all the goods and materials
now remaining and belonging to the fame,
unto Mr. Peter Ambrofe, on Monday next,
who is hereby required to receive the fame
accordingly, and to take efpecial notice in
what condition the fame (hall be at the deli-
very thereof, and likewife to inventory the
goods which will be there left, and to certify
the Committee thereof; that fuch courfe may
be taken for difpofal of the houfe an-d goods,
as the Committee mail think fit for the belt
benefit of the common- wealth.
John Starkie,
Edward Rigby,
E. Butterworth,
J. Fleetwood,
Richard Houghton,
G. Ireland,
Peter Egerton,
James Aflieton.
Intra. N. Afpinwall"
At
[ 398 3
At the Committee, May 13, 1646.
U T^ORASMUCH as Mr. Richard Brad-
" fhaw, of Bolton, hath taken up certain
pipes of lead belonging to Latham-houfe,
pretending to be bought by him of one John
Heywood it is ordered, that Mr. Peter Am-
brofe fhall take a view of the faid pipes of
lead fo taken up as aforefaid ; and fhall ap-
praife the fame, and certify the true value
thereof to the Committee of the firfl of June
next, that then fuch further order may be
made therein as (hall be thought fit.
Nicholas Cunliffej
Robert CunlifFe,
William Knipe,
John Starkie,
Richard Aflieton,
Richard Haworth.
Intra. E. Wall"
ORMSKIRK
. C 399 1
ORMSKIRK PARISH.
At the Committee, May 13, 1046.
{{ TX7HEREAS by an order of the twen-
ty-third of April laft, it was ordered,
that Mr. Ambrofe fhould receive the Houfe
of Latham, together with the goods and
materials, and to inventory the fame goods,
which is done accordingly : it is ordered that
the faid Mr. Peter Ambrofe (hall difpofe of
the fame for the common-wealth: and where-
as divers goods and materials mentioned in
a fchedule hereunto affixed, amounting to
the fum of 5 \l. js. zd. formerly fold to Wil-
liam Kyndfley, Richard Bradfhaw, Henry
Molineux, and Jofeph Moxon, are as yet
remaining there ; it is ordered that they (hail-
forthwith pay unto Mr. Peter Ambrofe, the
faid fum of 51^. js. zd. according to their
feveral agreements formerly made, to be
difpofed of for the public ufe, and. the faid
goods thereupon delivered, and not other-
wife,
J. Fleetwood, Edward Rigby.
Robert CunlifFe, Wm. Knipe,
Richard Haworth, John Starkie,
Nicholas CtmlifFe, Richard Afheton.
Intra. N. Afpintocdl"
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[ 401 ]
PRESTON.
At the Committee, June n, 1646.
To Mr. Peter Ambrofe.
a TT is ordered, that thofe boards that
have been lately employed in the
Houfe at Latham, and now taken down and
laid together by Captain Holt, (hall be forth-
with carried to Liverpool for theufeofthe
faid garrifon there, according as Lieutenant-
Colonel John Amurft, now Governor of the
faid garrifon, (hall think fit.
J. Bradfhaw, V.
G. Ireland,
Peter Egerton,
Richard Afheton,
J. Fleetwood,
Robert CunlirTe."
37 Fff ORMSKIRK,
ORMSKIRK.
At the Committee, April 30, 1647.
U TT is ordered, that Mr. Peter Ambrofe
(hall, upon fight hereof, deliver to
Edward Chambers, Commiflary at Liver-
pool, one pair of gates, with the (loops
belonging thereunto, now at Latham-houfe,
for to be employed for the ufe of the faid
garrifon, as the Governor thereof fhall
think fit.
Peter Egerton,
H. Fleetwood,
Ralph Afheton,
W. Afhurft."
The
HOUSE of STANLEY. 463"
The feveral articles before-mentioned, have
been abftra&ed from the book of Sequeftra-
tions for the County of Lancafter, and are
intended as fpecimens of the proceedings of
thofe feditious and rebellious times, wherein
Liberty and Property were words without
meaning ; the Beggar upon a level with a
Lord, and they of the houmold dividing the
fpoil; the two noble Seats of Latham and
Knowfley (fpacious enough for princely Pa-
laces) demolimed and deftroyed, and the
eftates thereto belonging, all under Sequef-
tration, and the heavy load of 6ool. per An-
num charged upon the firft, and feveral other
manors before-mentioned; all which put to-
gether, with many other devaluations and de-
ftruclions by the ufurpers, reduced the noble
Lord entitled thereto to a narrow and fcanty
way of living, until the Lady Stanley afore-
faid had married the Earl of Lincoln, and
her younger fon James's death.
When the EARL of DERBY obtained an
A61 of Parliament to enable him to fell feveral
manors, lands and chief rents, at Chidwall,
Little Woolton, part of Dalton, and all
Holland; with the chief rents of many other
F f f 2 manor?
404 The HISTORY of the
manors and townfhips, whereby he raifed a
fum fufficient to purchafe the Countefs of
Lincoln's annuity for life, and her fecond fon
James's annuity, from his furviving brother
Charles, who was then entitled to the whole;
and with the payment of all arrears, and fe-
curing to the faid Charles the future payment
of the whole 6ool. per annum upon the ma-
nor of Latham, only, he was admitted into
the poileiiion of all the aforefaid manors and
townfhips, pledged for the payment of the
faid 6bol. per annum.
All which, with fome improvements made
by him, defcended on his deceafe to his eldeft
fon William, Lord Strange, who then com-
menced the ninth EARL of DERBY of this
family, who was a Nobleman of polite educa-
tion, great reading, and ftrong capacity, and a
kind landlord to his tenants, but much averfe
to any offices of truft or employment under
the government, from the confideration of
his family fufferings, byj,their .conftant
ment to it, which induced him to
country retirement, as He frequently declared
upon many occafions, before any honour or
preferments at court.
He
HOUSE of STANLEY. 405
He married to his Lady, Elizabeth, daugh-
ter to Thomas, Earl of Gllory, g--an<j-o -.ligh-
ter to James, the old Duke of Orpaond, and
lifter to the late profcribed Duke, and by her
had iffueone fon and two daughters, to wit,
James, Lord Strange, who died at. Venice ort
his travels, in the twentieth year of his age,
and unmarried, but his body was brought to
England, and/ depofited with his noble and
moft worthy predeceffors ; and his el deft
daughter, the Lady Henrietta, married firfl to
John, Earl of Angleley, and by him had ifTue
one daughter, who died very young, and he
himfelf not long after; and to her fecond
hufband (he married John, Lord Afhburn-
ham, and by him had iflue only two daughters,
named Henrietta Bridget, who died about
the fourteenth year of her age; and Eliza-
beth, his fecond daughter, who died in the
eighteenth year of her age unmarried.
This Lord intending to re-edify and adorn
the old and famous feat of Latham, erected a
fumptuous and lofty new front, and covered it
in, but did not live to finim it, dying at Chef-
ter, when Mayor thereof, in 1702, and alfo
Chamberlain of that city, as his father and an-
ceftors
4 o6 The HISTORY of the
ceftors had been before him, and was nobly
interred at Ormfkirk, in the repofitory of his
family, and was fucceeded by James, his bro-
ther, then Brigadier Stanley, who had been
bred up in martial difcipline from a youth,
by the heroic Prince of Orange, after King
William the Third of England, with whom
he was in high favour and efteem; one of his
bedchamber, and almoft conftant attendant
in waiting; upon the death of his brother in
1702, he became Baron Strange, and the
tenth EARL of DERBY of his name, foon after
<which he quitted the army, and was honoured
with the high office of Chancellor of the
Duchy and County Palatine of Lancafter,
and Lord Lieutenant and Vice-admiral of the
fame and the coafts thereof, with the high
office of Chamberlain of the city and county
palatine of Chefter, and one of the Privy
Council to King William, Queen Anne, and
King George I. and Captain of the Yeomen
of the Guards to the la.il, and Lord of Man
and the Ifles; he commanded a regiment of
foot through all King William's wars in Flan-
ders and Ireland, there being no battle or
fiege but he had a large (hare therein; his
body being almoft covered with wounds, and
twice
HOUSE of STANLEY. 407
twice carried off the field as a dying man, but
by the goodnefs of God he furmounted all
thofe evils, and all the hazards and dangers of
a military life; no perfon behaving with grea-
ter courage and refolution than Colonel
Stanley, to the time of his commencing EARL
of DERBY; and then he generoufly bedewed
his regiment upon an old friend and brother
officer, and 'returned home to poflefs the no-
ble eftate of his family, at which time he was
honoured with feveral offices of power and
truft before-mentioned.
But upon the acceflion of King George II.
being grown aged and infirm, and unable to
bear the fatigues of public employments, he
retired to his feat of Knowfiey, the place of
his birth, in the Year 1707 or 1708, and in
regard to the building, which was much de-
faced under the ufurpation, he refolved, to
do the honour to his anceftors, of rebuilding
their old feat after the modern way, which
he performed in a mod fumptuous and beau-
tiful manner, and in memory of the unkind
and ungenerous treatment of his father and
grandfather, by King Charles II. caufed the
following infcription to be cut in (lone on the
front
468 The HISTORY of the
front of it viz, "James, EARL of DERBY,
Lord of Man and the Ifles, grandfon of
James, EARL of DERBY, by Charlotte,
daughter of Cloud, Duke of Tremouillev
who was beheaded at Bolton, the fifteenth
of O6lober 1651, for ftrenoufly adherin got
King Charles -I. who fefufed a bill una-
nimoufly pafled by both Houfes of Parlia-
ment, for reftoring to the family the eftates
which he had loft by his loyalty to him. "
This Lord married Mary, the only daugh-.
ter and heirefs of Sir William Morley of
Halnacar, in the county of Suflex, by whom
he enjoyed a plentiful eflate, and had iffue
by her, one only fon named James, who
lived but about three months, and thereby
left him childlefs at his deceafe, which hap-
pened at Knowfley on the firft of February,
1736; and from thence conveyed to Ormf-
kirk, and laid with his moft eminent and
noble anceftors in the common repofitory of
his family. He was born the third of July,
1664.
'
Here let it be obferved, that by the death
of this noble Lord without any iffue, the ho-
nour
HOUSE of STANLEY. 409
nour of the Earldom of Derby became ex-
tinct in the direct line, he being the tenth
in fucceflion from Thomas, Lord Stanley,
created EARL of DERBY by King Henry VIL
in the firft year of his reign, for his fignal
and faithful fervices to him and his country
(as before obferved) on the 2yth day of Octo-
ber, in the year 1485, and on many other re-
markable occafions.
The late noble Lord we have been here
treating of, was by patent made Chamberlain
of Chefter for life, that high office having
been expired in his family by the death of
his elder brother, Earl William; however,
when this Lord was in full life and at the
higheft pinacle of honour, he appears to me
to have pofi'efled more titles of dignity, than
any of his brave and renowned predeceflors ;
and as the knowledge of thefe may be as a-
greeable to the readers, as the pleafure of
collecting them hath been to me, I have
thought fit to relate them in their order, viz.
James EARL of DERBY, Lord Stanley and
Strange, Baron of Weeton ; Vifcount Kinton;
Lord Mohun, Barnwell, Bafiet and Lacy;
18 G g g Lord
410 The HISTORY of the
Lord Chancellor and Lord Lieutenant of the
duchy and county palatine of Lancafter; and
Vice-admiral of the fame; Lordc-hamberlain
of the City and County Palatine of Chefler;
Captain of the Yeomen of the Guards ; one
of his Majefty's moil honourable Privy Coun^
eil ; and Lord of Man and the Ifles.
And here, though I have according to pro-
mife, given the reader the lineal fucceffion of
the EARL of DERBY for eleven generations,
with their marriages and ifTue, and the mar-
riages and ifTue of their fons and daughters ;
yet, permit me before I proceed further in the
hiflory, to infert a few articles that came to
my knowledge during my writing, what hath
already palled, which will tend to make the
whole fomething more intelligible and uni-
form, altho' a little out of due place, which
I flatter myfelf will be forgiven me, as it is
intended for the readers information.
And firft, the moft noble Margaret, Coun-
tefs of Richmond, and widow to Edmund,
Earl of Richmond, and afterwards wife to
Thomas, the firft EARL of DERBY, whom
fhe out-lived, died in the year, 1509, and
was
HOUSE of STANLEY. 411
was interred in Weftminfter Abbey with her
royal anceflors.
Secondly, William, EARL of DERBY, great
grandfather to the laft Earl James ; was by
patent of the firft of James I. made Chamber-
lain of Chefter for life ; and after this, in the
year 1640, another patent paffed, joining
James, Lord Strange, with his father, for
both their Lives, and the furvivor of them.
Thirdly, William, EARL of DERBY, died
in 1642, and was fucceeded in the faid office,
by James, Lord Strange, his fon, who con-
tinued therein till the Lords of Parliament
removed him, and put in their fpeaker, Ed-
ward, Earl of Manchefter, who continued to
the year 1647 wnen tne Commons thought
fit to remove him, and put in William Len-
thel, their Speaker, and Humphrey Mack-
worth of Shrewfbury, the Vice-chamberlain.
After him, in the year 1654, John Glinn,
was made Chamberlain, and appointed Phi-
lip Young of Shropmire, his Vice Chamber-
lain. This John Glinn was afterwards (as I
fuppofe) Sir John Glinn, who had (upon the
G g g 2 vote
4 i2 The HISTORY of the
vote of both houfes above-mentioned) made
an offer of furrendering the inheritance of
Harden-caftle, purchafed by him from the
agents of Sequeftration, to Charles, EARL of
DERBY, for a leafe of three Lives, which not
being immediately accepted by the faid Earl,
and his Majefty afterwards refufing his affent
.to the bill pafled by both houfes in his fa-
vour, he was glad to compound with Sir
John Glinn, for the property of the faid caf-
tle, and had the fame granted to him and his
heirs, who now enjoy the inheritance thereof.
And here the reader may obferve and la-
ment the hard fate of the late loyal and brave
EARL of DERBY'S fufferings and perfecuti-
ons, in every ftate of property, whether in
office for life, or inheritance ; nay, even in
his perfon and family, his and their enemies
being daily in hand to fwallow them up ; who
being exalted and fet on fire by unbounded
power, their teeth became fpears and arrows,
and their tongues as fharp fwords.
Sometime after this. Earl Charles obtained
by patent, the office of Chamberlain of Chef-
ter, for the life of himfelf, and William his
fon;
HOUSE of STANLEY. 413
fon ; upon the deceafe of whom it refted in
the crown, to the time the late Earl James
was favoured therewith for his life.
A LIST of the BIRTHS, MARRIAGES and
DEATHS of fever al of the Family, hitherto
omitted.
Charlotte, Countefs of Derby, died in
the year 1664.
Edward Stanley her fon, and brother to
Charles, EARL of DERBY, died in
Charles, EARL of DERBY, her el deft fon,
died in 1672.
Mary, daughter of Charles, EARL of
DERBY, died in 1674.
Catharine, Lady Savage, daughter to
Lord Colchefter, died in 1687.
James, Lord Strange, fon of William,
EARL of DERBY, died in 1700.
William, EARL of DERBY, his father,
died in 1702.
Dorothy
4 i4 The HISTORY of the
Dorothy Helena Rupa, Countefs Dowa*
ger, died in 1702.
Charles Stanley, fourth fon of Charles,
EARL of DERBY, died in 1715.
Charlotte, Lady Colchefler, her daughter,
died in 1717.
James, EARL of DERBY, third fon of
Charles, EARL of DERBY, died in 1736.
By whofe death, the Barony of Strange, and
Lordmip of Man, devolved on James Mur-
ray, Duke of Athol in Scotland, fon and
heir of John Marquis of Athol, by the
Lady Amelia-Sophia, his wife, daughter of
James Lord Strange, the feventh EARL of
DERBY; and the Barony of Stanley and
Earldom of Derby devolved on Sir Edward
Stanley of Bickerftaff, Bart, defcended from
George Lord Strange, fon of Thomas the
firft EARL of DERBY.
Edward the eldefl fon of Sir Thomas Stan-
ley, was the late EARL of DERBY, the titles
devolving to him, on the death of the tenth
EARL of DERBY, April 13, 1736; he mar-
ried,
HOUSE of STANLEY.
ried, in 1714, Elizabeth, only daughter and
heir of Robert Hefketh, of Rufford, in Lan-
cafhire, Efq. and by her, who died Feb. 24,
1776, he had four fons and (even daughters.
James Lord Strange, born January, 1717,
married March 17, 1747, to Lucy, one of the
three daughters and co-heirs of Hugh Smith,
of Weald-hall, in EfTex, Efq. and by her
who died February 7, 1759, had iflue, i. Ed-
ward, the prefent Earl. 2. Thomas, born
1753, died 1779. 3. James, born 1754, and
died 1771. 4. Elizabeth, born 1748,
married July 28, 1779, Thomas Horton, Efq.
5. Lucy, born 1750, married April 25th,
1772, to Geoffrey Hornby, Efq. 6. Harriet,
born 1756, married June 3, 1778, Sir Watts
Horton, Bart. 7. Louifa, born 1759, and
died 1769. His Lordlhip died in his father's
life-time, ift June, 1771. The other fons of
the Earl were, Thomas, born July 2oth,
1718, died young. A fon, who died unbap-
tized March, 1719. Edward, bom June,
1732, and died April 20, 1745. The daugh-
ters are, Elizabeth, married in March, 1746,
to Sir Peter Warburton, Bart, and died Sept.
1780. Mary, born 1717. Ifabella-Dorothea,
born Feb. 9, 1721-2. Margaret, born 1723,
who-
416 The HISTORY of the
who died March 9, 1776. Jane, born April
1726. Charlotte, married to General John
Burgoyne, and died without iflue, June 7,
1776. Barbara, who died an infant; and
the Earl dying February 22, 1776, was fuc-
ceeded by his grandfon.
Having here brought down and gone thro'
the leading line of the ancient HOUSE of
STANLEY, and alfo the firft collateral branch
from whence fprung the EARLS of DERBY,
with what remarks and obfervations I had t
make thereon, give me leave to return to their
natural brother, Sir Ofkatel de Latham, on
whom I have before faid that Sir Thomas his
father, had fettled a competent eftate, and
given him the fignet of his family, with the
Eagle in the Creft, in token of his love for
him, and in memory of his fuppofed delive-
rance.
'
This foundling being poflefled of the lands
and manors above-mentioned, made choice of
Earlham for his feat, and became the ancef-
tor of the Lathams of Earlham, whofe pro-
geny continued in a direct line from him,
without any interruption, until Cromwell's
Ufurpation. That
HOUSE of STANLEY. 417
That Latham whofe turn it was to be in
poffeffion of the paternal eftate, followed the
fate of that noble EARL of DERBY who fuf-
fered Matyrdom at Bolton; and though he
efcaped the hands of the executioner, yet was
obliged to fecrete himfelf all the remaining
part of his life from the fury of thofe times,
when a great part of his eftate within the
power of the fequeftrators, with many anci-
ent deeds and records that particularly fet
forth the origin of the before-mentioned Creft,
and the hiftory of it, were all rifled away and
eternally loft.
t
V _ .
This unfortunate gentleman married a
daughter of Egcrton, of Riddley, in Lanca-
fhire, (own fifter to the then Baronet of Bic-
kerftafFs Lady, anceftor to the prefent EARL
of DERBY) by whom he had iffue, one fon
and two daughters; the eldeft of which daugh-
ters was never married, and died at Fulfhaw,
about the year 1730, after having lived in
that Family near 40 years. She arrived to an
extreme old age, and furprifingly retained a
right ufe of all her fenfes till a few months be-
fore her death.
18 Hhh It
418 The HISTORY of the
It was from that gentlewoman (fays Mr,
Finney) that I received the moft authentic ac-
Qount of the family (he fprung from, who in-
deed was even a living oracle to me, by a re-
markable knowledge (he had of fundry nota-
ble occurrences that happened in Cromwell's
time, when (he was a young woman, as I
have mentioned before. She was daughter
to that Latham that was fo feverely treated in
Oliver's days ; and filter to'the lall Male heir
of that name, whofe Father dying before the
Reftoration, (he was left a minor under the
guardianmip of his mother and two uncles,
ofBickerftaff and Ridley.
End although the eftate had fuffered fo
much in his fathers time, yet he dill retained
the inheritance of a fair patrimony, though
incumbered, but by the provident care and
prudent management of his good mother, be-
fore her fon came of age (he entirely difcharg-
ed his eftate.
He married a daughter of Afhhurft of
Afhhurft, in Lancafhire, by whom he had
iiTue three daughters (one of whom fays the
Captain) was my mother, and the only fur-
viving
HOUSE of STANLEY. 419
viving child of that gentlewoman, the laft
Latham of Eariham.
,As his father was a fteady Royalift, and
fuffered both in his perfon and eftate for the
caufe of his King and Coumry, fo this gen-
tleman made an early embarkation into that
grand affair of the Revolution ; whereby he
expended fuch large fums, and fo far involv-
ed his eftate, through an ardent profecution
of the common good, that he left me (being
the next male heir by my mother's fide) no-
th'ng more than the Coat of Arms, which by
: r 5 In defcended to me, and what the
world could not alienate. This gentleman
dying without ifl'ue male, both the name and
eftate of the Lathams of Eariham, were
exunguilhed together.
I have often heard my great aunt fay, that
Charles, EARL of DERBY (fucceflbr to that
noble Lord that was murdered at Bolton)
took particular notice of her brother when a
youth, and under the care of a tutor; and
would frequently come to fee him, and at
proper times take him with him ; that fiie
never heard that Lord when fpeaking to him
H h h 2 t*
420 The HISTORY of the
or of him, call him by any other name than
the Top of his Kin a phrafe he conftantly
ufed on fuch occafions.
"
The family well knew his Lordfhip's rea-
fons for this familiarity ; and it was plain to
them, not from their alliance with Bickerftaff,
but from his Lordfhip's knowledge that this
Latham's anceflor was natural brother to
Ifabel, the heirefs of that name to Sir Tho-
mas Latham, and was the only motive for
his Lordfhip's appellation.
I have now in my cuftody an old Signet
that my aunt ufed to fay had been in the fa-
mily two hundred years or more, and was
efleemed the fignet given by Sir Thomas La-
tham, to his fon, Sir Ofkatel ; the creft be-
ing an Eagle with his wings extended, and
looking back as for fomething me had loft,
or was taken from her.
I have alfo heard my aunt fay, tliat the
paternal coat of that family fhe fprung from,
was painted upon wood; and as fhe had been
told about a hundred and forty years age,
with the bearings of the fundry families they
had
HOUSE of STANLEY. 421
had married into, quartered therewith. Thus
far Mr. Finney, of the family of the La-
tham's of Earlham, defrended from that fa-
mous foundling, Sir Ofkatel de Latham, to
which I have onlv to add and obferve, that
if any of my readers iuoiild flili remain in
diffidence of what I have delivered with re-
fpecl to the two branches hitherto treated of,
I do affure him, that I have, with unnoft
care, collecled and examined what I have
wrote on this fubjeft from the bed authorities
I could meet with, and am fuily fatisfied of
the truth and reality thereof; and if he will
pleafe to confider with me, how many revo-
lutions this ifland has undergone in a few
centuries, then it will appear no wonder to
him that the members of the national com-
munity have been fo extremely diftorted by
thofe convulfions of (late, as almoft to wipe
out memory, and even hiilory, many notable
and remarkable tranfa&ions of the preceding
ages; then I fay it will appear no wonder to
him if he meet with fome things obfcurely de-
livered, which he is requefted to overlook or
amend,
THE
THE
SECOND PART
OF THE
GENEALOGICAL HISTORY
OF THE
ANTIENT AND HONOURABLE
HOUSE OF STANLEY.
TN the firft part of this book I have given
the reader a direct and lineal fucceflion of
this moft antient houfe from their original,
(as far as I am able to difcover it) to the
year 1776.
And have alfo taken notice of and defcrib-
ed the leading collateral branch, in the per-
fon of Sir John Stanley, whofe fucceflbrs be-
came EARLS of DERBY, and have lineally
deduced them from him to the demife of
Edward, the late Earl above-mentioned.
I have likewife given the pedigree and ge-
nealogy of Sir Thomas Latham, Lord of
Latham, ' and the marriage of his only
daughter
HOUSE of STANLEY. 423
daughter with the aforefaid Sir John Stanley,
with their iflue in the leading line, to the
time before-mentioned ; together with the
hiftory and defcendants of his natural fon,
Sir Ofkatel, which hath fo far completed the
hiftory propofed, and naturally leads me
into a new fcene of proceeding by a lineal
and fucceffive defcription of every other col-
letaral branch iffuing out of, or from the ori-
ginal flock, fome of whom went out full as
early as the faid Sir John ; but his branch
being highly advanced in honour and dignity,
claims the firft notice ; and I will, as intend-
ed, give the reader a true light of our pro-
ceeding, and prevent all confufion in the
coherence of one part with the other.
The firft and next branch in due courfe is,
the honourable and worthy houfe of Gref-
withen, in the county of Cumberland, whofe
origin and defcendants are defcribed by the
following printed table.
Gene-
Genealogia Pr cedar CK et Antiques Families de *
STANLEY.
TXT I L L I A M de JOAN, eldeft daugh-
* * Stanleigh, Lord ** "^ ^" ^ *k*
of Stanleigh, in the
county of Stafford,
Efq.
ter and one of the
heirs of Sir P. Bam-
ville, Knight, Lord of
Stourton. *
John de Stanleigh, Lord
of Stanleigh and Stour-
ton in Wirral, in the coun-
ty of Chefter, Efq. fon
and heir of William.
WILLIAM of Stan ALICE, daughter of
leigh, Lord of Stan
leigh and Stourton,
who lived in the 26th
of Edward III.
Hugh Maffey of Tim-
perley.
WILLIAM of Stan M A R G E R Y, the
leigh, junior. Lord
of Stanleigh and
Stourton, he lived in
the loth of Richard
II.
daughter and heir of
William Hooton, Ld.
of Hooton.
WILLIAM
HOUSE of STANLEY. 425
WILLIAM of Stan M A R G E R Y, the
leigh, Knight, Lord
Stanleigh.
daughter
Ardern,
,
Knight.
WILLIAM of Stan MARY, the daughter
leigh, Efq. Lord of
Stanleigh, he lived in
the loth of Hen. VI.
of Sir John Savage,
Knight.
JOHN Stanleigh, the ISABEL, daughter
younger fon. and heir of Sir Thos.
Latham, Lord of La-
tham.
JOHN
Knight, Steward of
the Houfhold to King
Henry IV.
Stanleigh, ELIZABETH, the
fifter of Sir William
Harrington, Knight.
Sir Thomas Stanley, Km.
Comptroller of the Houf-
hold to King Henry VI.
who created him the firft
Baron Stanley. Of this
Thomas are the EARLS of
DERBY, the Lord Mont-
eagle, and the Stanley's of
Lancashire.
John Stanleigh of Gref-
withen, in the county of
Cumberland, the younge.il
ion.
I ! i, /
a
John.
. 1 26 The HISTORY of Ike
John Stanleigh of - Gref-
within, fon and heir of
John, he lived in the loth
of Edward III.
NICHOLAS Stan CONSTANT
leigh, Efq. fon and
heir; he had by his
wife, the manor of
Awfthwaite, now call-
ed Dalegarth.
daughter and heir
of Thomas Awf-
thwaite of Awf-
thwaite.
Thomas Stanley, Efq. of
Awfthwaite, in the county
Cumberland, fon and heir:
he lived in the loth of
Henry VI.
o
John Stanleigh, gentleman,
iecond fon of Hall Thwaite,
in the county of Cumber-
land.
William Stanley, gentle-
man, third {'on.
Nicholas Stanley, fon and
heir of Awfthwaite, he
lived in the q8th of Henry
VI.
Thomas Stanley, of Hall .
THOMAS
HOUSE of STANLEY. 427
THOMAS Stanley, ANN. Daughter of
of Dalegarth, Efq. j Sir Richard Huddicf-
I ton, Knight.
John Stanley, fon and heir,
WILLIAM Stanley, ALICE, daughter of
of Dalegarth, Efq, j Sir R. Ducket, Km.
William Stanley, foil an<$
heir,
THOMAS Stanley, MARGARET, the
Daiegartb, Efq.
I- F -
,'dal, rn
daughter of
ming, of Ry
the county of Well-
moreland, Elq,
Roger Stanley, fon and heir.
JOHN Stanley, of MARGARET, the
Dalegarth, Efo^. j daughter of Thomas
I Senhoufe, Efq,
THOMAS Stanley, ISABEL, daughter
of Dalegarth, Efq, I of John Leak,, oi Ed-
EDWARD Stanley, ANNE, one of the
eldeft; fbn, . two daughters, and
coheirs of Thomas
Briggs, of Cowmir?,
in the county of Weft-
moreland, Efq.
His JOHN
428 The HISTORY of the
JOHN Stanley, Efq. MERCY, daughter
of Thomas Stanley,
of Lee, in the county
of Suflex, Efq.
EDWARD Stanley, I S A B E L, eldeft
Efq.
daughter of T. Cur-
wen, of Setto Park,
Efq.
Chriftopher Stanley, feconcl
fon.
THOMAS Stanley, THE widow of Sir
yongeft fon, matter of James Wytford.
the mint.
Mary Stanley, the daugh-
ter and fole heir, married
to Sir Edwd. Herbert, Knt.
fecond fon of William?
Earl of Pembroke.
John Stanley, of Arnaby,
in Cumberland, gentleman.
Chriflopher Stanley, eldeft
fon of John Stanley, of
Arnaby.
William Stanley.
Thomas Stanley, of Lee,
in Suflex,
Richard
HOUSE of STANLEY. 429
Richard Stanley.
,'"**-
William Stanley.
Thomas Stanley.
John Stanley.
JOHN Stanley, Efq. DOROTHY, daugh-
ter of Edward Holt,
of Wigan, in Lanca-
(liire, Gentleman.
Thomas Stanley died with-
iffue.
Edward Stanley died
young.
Richard Stanley.
William Stanley died
young.
Ifabel Stanley, married to
W. Copley, of Gosforth
Hall, in Cumberland, Gent.
Barbara Stanley died un-
married.
Dorothy Stanley, married
to. Robert Maudefley, of
Maudefley, in Lancafhire,
Efq.
Edward
The HISTORY of the ^
Edward Stanley unmarried.
John Stanley died without
iffac.
Marnsaduke Stanley died
without iffue.
EDWARD. Sianley,-rMILI>REB, dangh-.
" ter of the Right Rev.
Sir George Fleming,
Bart. Lord.Bi&ep o 4
Carlifie.
Catherine Stanley,
Dorothy Stanley.
Jofeu Stanley, Reclor ol
Workingtoo, married Cla-
sa, the daughter of
Philipfon, of'Callgerth, in
WeftmorelaEid,, GteatlenaaD.
Stanley died
Edward Stanley.
JaBe Stanley.
Clara Stank-
Oiomas. Stanley died un-
d,
William
HOUSE ofi STANLEY. 4 ,
William Stanley died young.
*Hok Stanley, Lt. ilf Briga-
dier Gen. Viillk**orth j s re-
gimenf of foot, unmarried.
-
Richard died unmarried*
Dorothy Stanley, married
Huddlefton Park, of Whit-
bcck, in Cumberland/jQent.
./-
Ifabel Stanley, married
John Kilpatrick, of White-
haven, in Cumberland,
Gent.
Loveday Stanley, ufimar-
ried.
-
Elizabeth Stanley, married
Richard Cook, of Gamer-
ton, in Cumberland, Efq.
I have to obferve farther of Thomas
Stanley, Matter of the Mint, that Sir Edward
Herbert, younger foil to William Herbert,
Earl of Pembroke, married Mary, the daugh-
ter and fole heir of Thomas Stanley of Stan-
don, in the county of Hertford, Efq. in the
year 1570, youngeft fon of Thomas Stanley,
of Dalegarth, in the cotintv of Cumberland,
Efo.
THE
THE
PEDIGREE and POSTERITY
OF ^
SIR THOMAS StANLEYj
Second fon of Sir John Stanley the firll,
By Ifabd de Latham.
'""PHIS gentleman married to his lady,
Maud, the only daughter of, and heir to,
Sir John Ardern, of El ford, in the county of
Stafford, by whom he became pofleffed of a
fine feat and plentiful fortune, and made that
the refidence of the family whilft the male
line continued, \vho made a moft eminent
figure in military life. By his lady he had
iffue a fon, named John, who fucceeded him
in honour and eftate.
Sir John Stanley, fucceffor to his father
Sir Thomas, married three wives, but by the
two firft had no iffue living. By his third
marriage, which was to Douce, the daughter
of Leigh of Baggaley, he had one fon, named
John.
Sir
HOUSE of STANLEY. 433
Sir John, fon of the above Sir John, had
iflue a fon, named Humphrey, but by
whom, record as well as hiftory, are both
filent, farther than that the faid Sir John
, died in the year 1509, and was fucceeded by
his faid fon.
Sir Humphrey Stanley being a martial
man, and of great experience, was fent by
King Henry VII. in the year 1495, againft
John, Lord Audley, and other oppofers of
that Prince, aflembled on Black-heath, in
Kent, where he entirely defeated them, but
died that year, leaving a fon and heir, called
Sir John Stanley, of Pipe.
This Sir John Stanley, of Pipe, married
Margaret, the daughter of Sir Thomas Ger-
rard, and by her had iffue two daughters
only, by which the male line of this moft
worthy houfe was extin6l.
4
But the elder daughter marrying to one
Roger Stanley, of Alderley, in the county
of Chefler,' had iffue by him a fon, named
'Roger, and filled Roger Stanley, of Alder-
ley, in the county of Chefter.
19 K k k Roger
434 Tke HISTORY of the
Roger Stanley, fon of the firfl Roger,
married Jane, the daughter ojfe^f. Clarke, of
the county of York, and by her had a fon
named John, and filled John Stanley of
Alderley, in the county of Chefter.
John, the fon of the above Roger, after-
wards Sir John Stanley, of Alderley, in the
county of Chefter, married Mary, the daugh-
ter of Marberry, and by her had ifliie
two fons, Thomas and Edward.
Sir Thomas, the elder brother, (tiled Sir
Thomas Stanley, of Nether Alderley, in the
county of Chefter, married Elizabeth,
daughter to Sir Peter Warbur'ton, and by
her had iffue, a fon, named Thomas.
Sir Edward the younger brother, was a
martial man, and received the honour of
knighthood in the Low Countries, for his
great fervices performed there, but was after-
wards (lain in Ireland, in the year 1586.
Sir Thomas, his elder brother, by Mrs.
Warburton, fucceeded his father, and had
ilfue a fon, named Thomas, but by whom I
am
HOUSE of STANLEY. 435
am not informed, further than that Sir
Thomas, fon of the above Sir Thomas, had
alfo a fon named James, but by whom I
cannot difcover.
James, fon of the above Sir Thomas, I
conceive to be the late Sir James Stanley,
of Alderley ; but have not been favoured
by the family, with any account thereof,
although requefted.
K k k 2 THE
THE
GENEALOGY AND ISSUE
O F
SIR JOHN STANLEY II,
CIR Thomas Stanley, the only fon of Sir
John abovefaid, by Mrs. Harrington,
was (Comptroller of the Houfliold to King
Henry VI. who appointed him Lord Lieu-
tenant of Ireland, as his grandfather had
been. He married to his Lady, one of the
daughters and co-heirs of Sir Robert Gou-
fhell, and by her had iffue three fons : Tho-
mas, John and James, all of whom in their
order, after acquainting the reader that he
was by the fame King created Lord Stanley,
and from him fprung the EARLS of DERBY,
his pofterity and fucceflbrs.
Thomas his eldeft fon, fucceeded him in
the honour and Lordfhip of Stanley ; and was
by King Henry VII. created EARL of DERBY,
the
HOUSE of STANLEY. 437
the further hiftory of whofe life, and me-
morable a&ions, we have fully related in the
firft part of this book.
'
John Stanley, fecond fon of the faid Lord
Stanley, married Elizabeth, the daughter and
heir of Thomas Wever, Efq. and had iffue by
her, a fon (tiled Thomas Stanley, of Wever,
Efq. and James his third fon, was Arch-
deacon of Chefter.
Thomas Stanley of Wever, and fon of John
Stanley aforefaid, married a daughter of Tho-
mas Leverfedge, of Wheelock, Efq. and by
her had a fon named Thomas Stanley of We-
ver.
Thomas Stanley, the fon of the above Tho-
mas, by Mrs. Leverfedge, married one of the
daughters of Thomas Davenport, Efq. and by
her had three fons, Thomas, John and Ralph.
Thomas the eldefl fon, in 1508, married
Urfula, fifter to Sir Hugh Cholmondeley, and
by her had a fon named Ralph.
John, his brother, married a daughter of
Ward, Efq.
And
4 : o8 The HISTORY of the
And Ralph, the third brother, married a
daughter of Holland, of Holland, in the
county of Lancafler, Efq.
Ralph Stanley, ofWever, by Mrs. Chol-
mondeley, married Margaret, the daughter
of John Mafterfon, of Namptwich, Efq. and
by her had ifTue, two fons, Thomas, and
Ralph, and one daughter named Mary.
Thomas Stanley, eldeft fon of Ralph, four
years old in 1580, and died in 1605, aged
twenty-nine years. He married Elizabeth,
the daughter of Warburton, Efq. and
by her had iiTue, one fon named Thomas.
Thomas, the fon of the laft Thomas and
grandfon of Ralph, ftiled Thomas Stanley, of
Alderley, Efq. 1637, married Elizabeth, the
daughter of James Pitts, of Kere, Efq. of the
county of Wighorn, alias Worefter, but
what iflue he had by her, I am not informed,
but take this to be the pedigree and genealogy
of the Stanleys, of Park, in, or near Alderley*
THE
THE
GENEALOGY and POSTERITY
OF
PETER STANLEY, ESQUIRE,
Second fon of Sir William Stanley, of Hooton,
By Ann, the daughter of Sir James Harrington.
HPHIS gentleman was the next collateral
branch to that of Dalegarth, in the
county of Cumberland, of the honourable
and fpreading family of Hooton, in Wirral :
he married to his wife, Elizabeth, the daugh-
ter and heir of James Scarfbrick, of Moor-
hall, Efq. in the parim of Aughton, by Mar-
garet his wife, the only daughter and heir of
Thomas Atherton, of Bickerflaff, and by her
had ifTue four fons and two daughters ; viz.
Thomas, James, Robert, Edward, Bridget
and Mary, his daughters,, of all which in their
order.
But
440 The HISTORY of the
But firft give me leave to acquaint my rea-
ders, that the faid Peter Stanley, the father,
was an eminent royalift, and joined his inte-
reft and force with that of his noble relation,
James, EARL of DERBY, and fhared with him
greatly in the fury and violence of thofe un-
happy times, being imprifoned, and his eftate
fequeftered, to the great impoverimment and
lofs of himfelf and family ; and although he
efcaped with life, was greatly reduced to the
time of the happy reftoration : as by the fol-
lowing addrefs of his fix children, to thofe dif-
pofers of other mens fortunes at their plea-
fure, viz.
Wigan in the County of Lancafter.
By the Commiflioners for Sequ^ftration, Febru-
ary 14, 1650.
a T TPON the petition of Thomas, James,
Robert, Edward, Bridget and Mary
Stanley, fons and daughters of Mr. Peter
Stanley, defiring a fifth part of their father's
eftate towards their maintenance, and that
it may be fet forth in fpecie or particulars : it
is therefore ordered, that the agents for fe-
queflration,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 441
queftration, where the petitioners father's
eftate lieth, fhall allow unto the petitioners
one full fifth part of their faid father's eftate,
together with the arrears thereof due, fince
December 24, 1649, deducting a due propor-
tion for all lays and taxations, and obferving
the inftruclions concerning fifth parts.
P. Holt,
G. Pigot.
Intra, Edzoard Wall"
The fifth part of the faid Peter's eftate be-
ing obtained by his children as aforefaid, Pe-
ter their father died, and was buried in his
own chapel, at Ormfkirk, July 24, 1652, .and
was fucceeded by Edward his fon, who in his
father's life- time, married the only daughter
and heir of Houghton, of Goofnargh,
Efq. and by her had iffue feveral fons and
daughters, the eldeft whereof was Peter Stan-
ley.
The faid Peter Stanley, married a daugh-
ter of Wolfall, of Wolfall, Efq. and by
her had three fons, Edward, Thomas and
William, but how his younger fons were dif-
19 L 1 1 pofed
142 The HISTORY of the
pofed of in the world I cannot difcover, nor
who his daughters married.
But find that Edward, his eldeft fon, mar-
ried the only daughter and heir of Ger-
rard, Efq of Aughton, by whom he had two
fons, William and James ; William, his eldeft
fon, died young, and was buried in his fa-
ther's chapel at Ormfkirk.
And was fucceeded by James, his fecond
fon, who had iffue a fon, named Edward,
but by whom I cannot difcover; alfo two
daughters, Ann and Elizabeth; and the faid
James the father died in the year 1653, and
was buried in his own chapel the firft of
January that year at Ormfkirk.
Ann, his eldeft daughter, married Richard
Wolfall, Efq. but by him had no ifTue, and
died in the year 1730, aged eighty years and
upwards: and Elizabeth, her younger fifter,
died unmarried; and whether Edward their
brother evermarried, or to whom, I am not in-
formed of, for fmce the taking away the court
of wards, in the time of King Charles II. all
hiftory of families and their predeceffors and
lineal
HOUSE of STANLEY. 443
lineal fucceffors are laid afide in the herald's
offices, where they were wont to be preferved,
and nothing is now more to be found or met
with but what the parifh regifters contain, of
the birth or death of fuch a perfon at fuch a
time, &c.
L1I 2 THE
THE
GENEALOGICAL HISTORY
OF THE
BARONS OF STRANGE,
of KNOCKING, in SALOP.
T^HE hiftory and full defcription of this
very antient and honourable family, will,
from its long duration and many inter-mar-
riages with the leading nobility, be attended
with much difficulty in giving the reader a
true and intelligible idea thereof, infomuch
that I find myfelf conftrained to introduce it
by that of the Earls Palatine of Chefter, with-
out which (as I conceive) he wiH never right-
ly apprehend how the family of Derby be-
came entitled to, and dignified with the fe-
veral honours I have annexed to it in the
hiftory of James, the laft Earl of that honour-
able houfe.
THE
C 445 ]
THE
EARLS PALATINE
or
CHESTER.
THE firft whereof was' Hugh Lupus, Ne-
phew to William the Conqueror, who
gave to him the city and county of Chefter,
and conferred upon it the honour and dignity
of a County Palatine, with Barons under him,
and a Chamberlain, or Chancellor of all his
Courts, with all other proper officers atten-
dant thereon, as a principality.
Richard the eldeft fon of Hugh Lupus,
was fecond Earl of Chefter, but being acci-
dentally drowned, continued not long in that
honour.
The third Earl was John Bohun, who had
married Margaret, filter to Hugh Lupus,
ftiled Countefs of Cumberland, by whom he
had a fon named Randulph, and was fucceed-
cd by him.
Randulph
446 The HISTORY of the
Randolph Bohun, his fon by Margaret,
Countefs of Cumberland, commenced the
fourth Earl of Chefter, in the twenty firft
year of Henry I. 1120, and died in the year
11303 and wasfucceeded by his fon Randolph.
Randulph, the fecond of that name, and
fon of the former, was the fifth Earl of Chef-
ter, and continued to the year 1152, and dy-
ing that year, was fucceeded by Hugh, called
Kavelock, his fon, as fixth Earl of Chefter,
who had the misfortune to be taken prifoner,
but ranfomed in the year 1174, and died in
the year 1180, leaving iffue one fon and four
daughters.
And was fuceeeded by Randolph his fon,
furnamed Blundeville, who was the feventh
and lad Earl of Chefter, of the Lupus line,
but had conferred upon him the Earldom
of Lincoln, and died in the year 1232, and
-was buried with his anceftors at Chefter.
When Maud, the elded daughter of Hugh,
called Kavelock, Earl of Chefter, had mar-
ried David, fon to the King of Scots, who
died in 1219, and left iffue a fon named John,
iurnamed
HOUSE of STANLEY. 447
furnamed Scott, who was alfo Earl of Chef-
ter, in right of his mother, but died in the
year 1237, by which the Earldom of Chefter
expired with him.
By King Henry III. taking that Earldom,
into his own hands, and annexing it to the
crown (as being too popular in the hands of
a fubjeft) from which time the King's elded
fon has been ftiled Earl of Chefter, Duke of
Cornwall, and Prince of Wales. Now if
any reader here has a curiofity to know the
further particulars of the Earls of Chefter,
I muft refer him to their hiftory, and proceed
to (hew the occafion I had to bring them in,
by way of introduction to the hiftory of the
Barons of Stanley.
By informing the reader that Hawifle, the
fourth daughter of Hugh Bohun, alias Kave-
lock, Earl of Chefter, married to Robert,,
Lord Quinfey, Earl of Lincoln, defcended
lineally from Robert. Lord Quinfey, who
came into England with William the Con-
queror.
This
4/8 1f:e HI STORY of the
This Robert, Lord Quinfey, Earl of Lin-
coln, had iffue by Hawiffe his wife two
daughters; Margaret the eideft daughter,
married to John Lacy, Baron of Halton,
And the fecond daughter married to Hugh
Audley, Baron of Healey caftle, in the
county of Stafford, a near relation to the
Houfe of Stanley.
John Lacy, Baron of Halton, had iffue
by Margaret his wife, the eideft daughter,
and one of the coheirs of the faid Robert,
Lord Quinfey, a fon named Edmund, who
fucceeded his father in honour and eftate.
This Edmund was likewife Baron of Hal-
ton, and married Ifabel, the daughter of
the Marquis of Saluce, by whom he had
iffue a daughter named Elinor, who married
to Ebulo, Lord Strange, of Knocking, who
had iffue by her in 1335, temp. Edward III.
a fon named Robert, whofe mother Elinor .
dying foon after, Ebulo, Lord Strange, his
father, married to his fecond wife, Alice, the
daughter and heir of Henry Lacy, Earl of
Lincoln, and widow of Thomas Plantage-
net,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 449
net, Earl of Lancafter, who died in the
year 1322, as by Mr. Mills, page 945, and
Mr. York, page 193.
Robert, Lord Strange, the fon of Ebulo
aforefaid, fucceeded his father in the Baro-
nies of Strange, of Knocking, and of Hal-
ton, and married to his wife, one of the
daughters and coheirs of Thomas, Lord Baf-
fet, by whom he had iffue a fon named
Roger.
Roger, Lord Strange, the fon of the a-
bove Robert, married the only daughter
and heir of Hugh, Lord Barnwell, by whom
he had iffue a fon named John.
John, Lord Strange, the fon of the a-
bove Roger, by Lady Barnwell, married
Maud, the daughter of J. Lord Mohun,
by whom he had iffue a fon named Richard.
The faid Lord Mohun, had two fifters,
Phillippa, who married Edward, Duke of
York, and Elizabeth, married William Mon-
tague, Earl of Salifbury.
39 M m m Richard.
- 45 o The HIS TO RY of tht
Richard, Lord Strange, the fon of the
above John, married to his Lady the daugh-
ter of Sir Reynold Cobham, of Scarfbo-
rough, in the county of York, by whom
he had a fon called John, Lord Strange,
the fon of Richard.
John, Lord Strange, the fon of Richard,
married to Jacoline, one of the daughters
and coheirs of Richard Woodville, Earl
Rivers, and fifter-in-law to King Edward
IV. and by her had iffue one daughter only,
called Jane, and fole heir to the Baronies
of Strange and Mohun.
This Lady Jane, married Sir George
Stanley, the el deft furviving fon of Thomas,
the firflEARL of DERBY, who had iflue by
her three fons and two daughters, Elizabeth,
and Eleanor; he died in his father's life-time.
When Thomas, his eldeft fon fucceeded
him in the Baronies of Strange, Mohun,
Barn'well, Balfet, and Lacy, and upon his
grandfather's death fucceeded him in the
Earldom of Derby, as before-mentioned.
John
HOUSE of STANLEY. 451
John, the fecond Ton of George, Lord
Strange, died without iffue.
But James, his third fon had iflue one
fon named George, but by whom hiftory
and record are filent on that head, but very
full in the character of his merit, valour and
military performances, being thereby advan-
ced to the honour and dignity of Knight
i of Ireland, and the common an-
.- of the houfe of Grange Gorman, in
i xing'lo'Ti of Ireland. See Barlow's hif-
t /. But of this gentleman more here-
Sir George Stanley, called the black Stan-
ley (whom I have juft before mentioned)
was the fon of James Stanley, Efq. fecond
fon of George, Lord Strange.
This gentleman was a moft martial and
valiant man in the field, and a wife councel-
lor in the clofet; his boldnefs and refolu-
tion in action were not to be withftood;
he was an utter enemy to the Irifh, info-
much that his name was a terror to them,
and when he engaged them their cry was
M m rn " Pagh
452 The HISTORY of the
" Pagh Chrim faave me cramochree." And
happy was he that could get away fooneft.
None came thither before him more hardy,
nor expofed himfelf to more danger nor
hazard of life than he; until he had fully
reduced the rebellious fons of that nation
to the King his matter's obedience, for
which he was greatly honoured and efteem-
ed, and had for his bravery and eminent
fervices conferred upon him the high office
of Knight-marfhal of Ireland, which he long
enjoyed, and executed with the greateft
honour and commendation, and was a great
addition to his worth and memory. He be-
came the founder and common anceftor of
the Stanley's of Grange Gordan in that
kindom, whofe poflerity are ftill fubfifting
in perfon of Sir John Stanley, one of the
honourable commhTioners of his Majefty's
cuftoms, London; and upon his deceafe in
a good old age. and lading reputation, he
was interred by his very great and honour-
able relation Sir John Stanley I. whofe
memory (fays my author, the Right Rev.
Thomas Stanley, Lord Bp. of Sodor and
Man) ought never to be forgotten.
The
HOUSE of STANLEY. 453
The next collateral branch falling in
courfe, is the iffue left by the great Sir Wil-
liam Stanley, who fuffered death in the reign
of King Henry VII. whofe perfonal hiftory
hath been fully related ; but hath not yet
recited that of his poflerity, of whom I am
able to difcover no more than one fon, named
William, who married Jane, the fole daugh-
ter and heir of Sir Geoffrey Mafley of Tat-
ton, in the County of Chefler, but what
iflue he had by this Lady, or how long this
branch continued, I cannot difcover.
The^next collateral branch I meet with, is
ftiled Sir Edward Stanley, of Eufnam, in
the county of Oxford.
This gentleman was the only fon of Sir
Thomas Stanley, fecond fon to Edward
EARL of DERBY, by Margaret, one of the
daughters and coheirs of Sir George Vernbn
of Haddon, in the county of Derby, and
had the above eitate, with many others,
fettled upon him in remainder, after his
father and mother, by his faid grandfather
Edward.
W T ho
454 The HISTORY of the
Who this gentleman married I am not in-
formed, but find that he did marry and had
iflue three daughters, Petronella, Frances
and Venetia, but no iflue male ; by which
this branch became extinct in the Stanley
family ; and, as I am informed, the eftate
alfo, by divifion amongft the faid daughters
and their iflue.
In the next place I find that Henry, EARL
of DERBY, and fucceflbr to the aforefaid
Earl Edward, had a natural fon called Fran-
cis Ferdinand, on whom he fettled Whittle,
in the parifh of Bury, where he afterwards
lived, and alfo Broughton, near Manchefler.
Who he married I cannot be informed, but
find at his death, that he left a fon named
Henry, who mortgaged Broughton to James
Cheetham of Turton, Efq. and that George
Cheethem of Smedley, Efq. paid off the faid
Mortgage, and purchafed the manor of
Broughton, with its appurtenances, from
the faid Henry Stanley, who, it is imagined,
married a daughter of the aforefaid Peter
Stanley ; or in other words, that a daughter
of Peter Stanley, married one of the Stan-
leys
HOUSE tf STANLEY. 455
leys of Latham, but which of them I am
not able to difcover.
The next collateral branch I meet with of
the whole blood is Sir Robert Stanley, fe-
cond foil to William, EARL of DERBY, and
younger brother to James the Martyr. He
married Elizabeth, one of the daughters of
the Lord Widrington, and by her had iflue
two fons, Charles and James ; James, the
fecond fon died without iffue, but Charles
the elder brother had iffue a fon named
William, and that the faid Charles is long
fmce dead, and that William his fon like-
wife died .without iffue about the year 1691
or 1692, whereby this branch became ex-
tinB.
The next and laft collateral branch I have
to treat of iffuing out of this antient and
honourable houfe, as far as I can collect
or be informed, is the noble Lady Emelia
Stanley, the third daughter to James, EARL
of DERBY, by his renowned and mod emi-
nent Lady Charlotte de la Tremouille.
This
456 The HISTORY of the
This Lady married John, Earl of Athol^
afterwards Marquis of Athol, by whom he
had iffue a fon born at Knowfley the 24th
of Febuary, 1659, and was baptized by the
name of John, the eighth of March fol-
lowing.
Alfo a daughter born at Knowfley, the fe-
cond day of April, and baptized the fixth
of the fame month, by the name of Char-
lotte.
Alfo another fon born at Knowfley, the
eighth day of May, and was baptized by
the name of James, the twenty-fir!! day of
May, 1663.
Thus far of this noble branch from whom
his Grace, James the prefent Duke of Athol
is defcended, who being the laft and mod
noble remainder of the very ancient and
honourable houfe of Stanley, and alfo pof-
feffed of the mod princely branch of their
extenfive fortune, the reader may juftly
expect I mould give him the genealogical
hiftory of this mod noble houfe, otherwife
he may remain a {hanger to the antiquity
and
HOUSE of S TA NL E Y. 45 7
and honour of it, and that by their intermar-
riages therewith, the honour of the Houfe of
Stanley was not diminifhed, which I (hall
endeavour to manifeft in the cleared and ful-
left manner I am enabled from manufcript,
hiflory, and record.
* Murray, in Latin Moravia, is one of the
north-eaftern (hires of the kingdom of Scot-
land, of great extent from eaft to weft ; on
the north it has the German Ocean, and
Murray Frith; on the eaft Buchan; on the
fouth Athol and Marr; and on the weft Lo-
quabar. It is in length ninety Scotifh miles,
and in its greateft breadth thirty miles; the
principal town is Elgin, an ancient bifhop's
fee, under the Archbifhop of St. Andrew's,
but is commonly ftiled Bimop of Murray,
and not of Elgin.
Murray is one of the ancienteft as well as
moft numerous houfe in Scotland. Some
hiftorians write that they derive their origi-
nal from Germany, and from part of it called
Moravia; however that be, it is agreed that
they firft planted in that part of Scotland
20 N n n called
* From ths great Hiftcrical, Geographical and Poetical Di&ionary,
458 The HISTORY of ,
called the fiiire or county of Murray, to
which they gave name; but what follows
is copied from -hiilories, records, and char-
ters.
The family of Tullibardine has been repu-
ted chief of this name, which is now in the
perfon of John, Marquis of Athol, 1694,
this family being united with that of Athol,
by his grandfather William Earl of Tulli-
bardine's marriage with Dorothy eldefl
daughter of John Stuart the fifth Earl of
Athol. The Marquis's firft predecefTor of
the family of Tullibardine, was Congal, who
got the barony of Tullibardine, with his
wife Ada, from Robert Earl of Strathorn,
which was confirmed to them by a charter
from King Alexander II. 1234, which char-
ter is ftill extant and is dated at Scoon,
April the tenth; the witneffes, Vv'iliiam
Archbifhop of Glafgow, Chancellarius;
Alexander Abbot of Melrofs; Alexander
Abbot of Couper.
The grandaughter of Congal called alfo
Ada, had the barony of Tullibardine con-
firmed
HOUSE of STANLEY. 459
firmed to her by another charter, which re-
lates her being married to Sir William Mur-
ray, ion to Sir Malcolm Murray, who was
fecond fon to Murray of Bothwell. Sir Wil-
liam had by his wife, Sir Malcolm, who
fucceeded him in the barony of Tullibardine,
which continues in the fame name and fa-
mily, by a direct line of heirs male, being
ratified and confirmed by charters from fevc-
ral fucceeding Kings.
Murray of Bothwell's eldefl fon called
Thomas, had an only daughter, married to
Archibald Black, the Earl of Douglas, and
his third fon called Andrew, was father to
that Andrew who married King Robert
Bruce, and was governor of Scotland, in
the troublefome times of King David Bruce's
minority; and there is yet remaining on the
caftle of Bothwell the Murray's Arms cut in
flone, as the family of Tullibardine ftill
bears.
Buchanan and Spotwood's hiftories men-
tion Sir William Murray of Tullibardine
offering himfelf to accept the challenge of
the Earl of Bothwell, after refufiqg,.of his
N n-n 2 brother
4 So The HISTORY of the
brother at the head of Queen Mary's army
near Mufsleborrgugh, for deciding the truth
of that Earl's being guilty of the murder of
PLing Henry, who was hufband to the faid
Queen. This Sir William married Jane,
daughter of the Lord Graham, by whom
he had Sir John, afterwards Earl of Tulli-
bardine, and five daughters ; the lady Ara-
bella Countefs of Marr, the Lady Claikma-
nan, Lady Aberearny, Lady Rofyth, and
Lady Fodrell Henderfon.
Sir John Murray created Earl of Tullibar-
dine, by King James VI. married Catharine
Drummond, daughter to the Lord Drum-
rnond, and had by her afterwards William
Earl of Tullibardme, Patrick, and Mungo,
who was created Vifcount of Stormount, and
five daughters, Ann Countefs of Kinghorn,
now Straihmore the Lady Grant, Lady
W T enchton, Lady Gleneagles, and Lady Bel-
nagowan.
In this Sir John's time the peace of the
country being diiturbed by depredations,
and there happening alfo fome differences
amongft thofe of the name of Murray, they
had
HOUSE of STANLEY. 461
had a general Meeting, wherein they agreed
that Sir John (hould be arbitrater of all their,
differences, and determine all their caufes,
as well civil as criminal; and obliged them--
felves to aflift him when required, in freeing
the country from the depredations, againit
whom he alfo obliged himfelf to protect
them.
This paper is fubfcribed by Sir Andrew
Murray of Arngothe, Murray of Aberear-
ney, and moft of the confiderablc heads of
the family, dated at Tullibardine, 1586.
William the eldefl fon of the faid
Sir John Murray, Earl of Tullibardine,
being accidentally with feveral gentlemen
of his name at a wedding in Perth, when
John, Earl of Gowry was killed in i6co:
did, with their affiftance refcue King James
VI. from the danger he was in by a tumult
of the inhabitants after the death of the faid
Earl, who had been their proved; for u
fervice his Majefty did, by a writing under
his own hand, confer the dignity of {her iff
of Perthfliire, upon the faid William and his
heirs.
462 The HISTORY of the
heirs, which has continued in the family
fmce.
This William married Dorothy Stuart,
daughter to John Stuart -the fifth Earl of
Athol, whofe fon was John Earl of Athol,
father to this prefent Marquis, whofe prede-
ceffor by the faid Dorothy, of the houfe of
Athol was James Stuart, commonly called
the black Knight of Lorn, lineally deicended
from Walter, the great Stuart of Scotland,
who gave the firname of Stuart to his pof-
terity, and of whom Robert the firft of
that firname King of Scotland defcended.
i
This James Stuart married Jane, Queen
Dowager of King James I. who was daughter
to John, Duke of Somerfet, third fon to John-
of Gaunt, fon to King Edward III. of Eng-
land, to which James Stuart, (he bore John,
created Earl of Athol, by King James II. his
brother by the mother's fide. Hauthorden's
hiftory, fifth of James, Page 47. The title
having fallen into the King's hands by the
forfeiture of the former Stuart, Earl of Athol,
who had no fucceffion, the Cummings having
borne
HOUSE of STANLEY. T 463
borne the title before them, which is all that
^
hiflory make mention of. . /
There is alfo a charter d4te/l in the year
1460, wherein the faid King James grants to
John, Earl of Athol, eldefl fon to the afore-
faid James, the Lordfhip of Balveny, in por-
tion with Margaret Douglas, commonly cal-
led the Fair Maid of Galloway, in which
charter the King calls this Earl his brother.
The fame hiftory, page 66, gives an account
of this marriage, and calls her the Lady
Beatrix, inftead of Margaret.
In 1461, Donald, of the ifles, proclaimed
himfelf King of the ifles, in King James the
third's minority, and poflefled himfelf of the
town and cattle of Invernefs, put the country
under contribution, and furprized the v caftle
of Blare, with the Earl of Athol, and his
Lady. Buchanan, and Hauthorden.
In 1470, the fame Earl of Athol, being
made Lord Lieutenant by King James III.
reduced Donald of the ifles, and brought
him to fubmit to the King's clemency, from
which aftion the Earl of Athol had the
motto,
464 The HISTORY of the
motto, " Furth Fortune, and fill the Fetters.
Hauthorden's hi (lory, page 87.
This John, Earl of Athol, after the death
of Margaret Douglas, by whom he had only
one daughter, who was married to the Lord
Gray, took to his fecond wife, Eleanor Sin-
clair, daughter to the Earl of Orkney and
Cathnefs, by whom he had John, who fuc-
ceeded, and four daughters; the Countefs
of Sunderland, Countefs of Crawford, Lady
Tullibardine, and Lady Glenurghey.
John Stuart, fecond Earl of Athol, mar-
tied Jane Campbell, daughter to the Earl of
Argyle, by whom he had John Stuart, who
fucceeded. This Earl was killed at the bat-
tle of Floddon-field, affifling King James IV.
againii the Englifh. Hauthorden, Janu-
ary 4.
John Stuart, third Earl of Athol, married
the heirefs of Ratray, by whom he had
John-, who fucceeded, and three daughters;
the Countefs of Lenox, grandmother to
King Henry, and mother to King James
IV,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 465
VI. the Countefs of Crawford, and Countefs
of Errol. v
John the fourth Earl of Athol, and chan-
cellor of Scotland, married Gordon, daugh-
ter to the Earl of Huntley, who dying with-
out children, he married Dorothy Fleming,
and had by her John, who fucceeded, and
four daughters; Lady Lovet, Lady Salton,
Lady Glenurghey, and Lady Weems.
This Earl adhered to Queen Mary's in-
tereft, till after the murder of King Henry,
and then he was theoccafion of the nobility's
entering into a bond for the prefervation of
the young Prince, King James VI. and com-
manded part of the army againft her at
Pinky. He died and was buried in the high
church at Edinburgh, in 1579. See Spot-
wood's hiftory.
John, the fifth Earl of Athol, married
Mary Rathven, elded daughter to William,
Earl of Gowry, by his wife, Dorothy Stuart,
daughter to Henry Stuart, Lord Methwin,
and Margaret, Queen Dowager of King
James IV. and daughter to Henry VII.
Kin<r
465 The HISTORY of the
King of England. By this marriage, John,
Eari of Athol, had no fons, but four daugh-
ters; Dorothy, the eldeft, married to Wil-
liam, Earl of Tulhbardine before mentioned,
by whom he had John, who fucceecled, and
Mary, married to Sir John Moncne, chief of
that name; Mary, the fecond daughter of
John, married James, Lord Innermcuth.
This Lord Innermouth procured the title of
Earl of Athol, which afterwards he quitted
in favour of Dorothy, his wife's elder filter,
and this James, died without iffue.
John, Earl of Athol, elded fon to William
Murray, Earl of Tullibardine, and Dorothy-
Stuart; he married Jane Campbell, daughter
to Sir Duncan Campbell, of Glenurghey.
He raifed his men in the beginning of the
troubles of King Charles I. for that King's
fervice, againft the Marquis of Argyle, who
took part with the Parliament. His children
were John, who fucceeded, Mungo, who died
unmarried, and Ann, married to James, Earl
of Tullibardine, by whom (he had no chil-
dren, and Jane, who died unmarried.
John,
HOUSE of STANLEY. 449
John, created Marquis of Athol, by King
Charles II. bears alfo the title of Tullibar-
dine, Lord Murray, Balvany, and Gafk ; he
appeared early for the interefi of that King,
and continued feveral years in arms againft
Cromwell. He was made by the faid King,
Juftice General of Scotland, Lord Privy
Seal, Captain of his Majefty's Guards, one
of the Lords of the Treafury, and one of
the extraordinary Lords of the Seflion. He
married Emelia Stanley, daughter to James,
EARL of DERBY, and Charlotte de la Tre-
mouille, daughter to Claude de la Tremouille,
by his wife, Charlotte, of NafTau, daughter
to William^ the great Prince of Orange.
Dugdale's Ba. on Stanley, EARL of DERBY.
And their eldeft fon John, Lord Murray,
married Catharine Hamilton, eldeft daughter
to William and Ann, Duke and Duchefs of
Hamilton, whofe eldeft fon John is the ninth
of that name of the houfe of Athol, and the
nineteenth reprefentative of the houfe of
Tullibardine. The other children of the pre-
fent Marquis are Charles Earl of Dunmore,
L.ord James Murray, William Nairn, Mun-
o o 2
468 The HISTORY of the
go, and Edward, and Emilia married to
Frazer, Lord Lovat,
There were feveral cadets defcended of this
family of Tullibardine in England as well
as in Scotland. William Murray grandfon of
Murray of Woodend was created Earl of
Dyfert, who had three daughters, the eldeft
Elizabeth married Sir Lionel Talmoth, of an
ancient family in Suffolk, and after his death
John Duke of Lauderdale; his eldeft fon by
the firfl marriage is Lord Huntingtour, the
fecond Thomas, was lieutenant general to
King William in Flanders ; her, eldeft daugh-
ter Elizabeth, married the Earl of Argyle ;
the fecond Catharine married the Lord Doun,
eldeft fon to Stuart Earl of Murray ; the o~
ther daughter by the Earl Dyfert, was mar-
ried to the Lord Maynard, by whom he had
Kenry and Elizabeth.
.
David Murray, nowVifcount of Stormont,
is defcended of a fecond brother of the family
of Tullibnrdine, who married the heirefs of
Balvaird, which failing in the eldeft fon.
Murray of Latherbannoky, who came of
a younger brother, fucceeded, and was ere-
4
HOUSE of STANLEY. 469
ated ftrft Lord of Balvaird, and then Vif-
count of Stormont. Sir Charles Murray of
Blato, is defcended of a younger fon of Tu!-
libardine; Mr. Thomas Murray, one of
the fons of Murray, of Woodend,, a Cadet
of Tullibardine, was a tutor to King Charles
I. whole fon Henry was married to Vifcount
Banning's daughter, by whom he had four
daughters; the eldeft Elizabeth, married Mr.
George Egerton; the , fecond married Mr.
Robert Peirpoint, of Nottingham ncphe\v
to the Marquis of Dorchefter, by whom fhe
had William, who married the Counted
Dowager of Kingllon; the third daughter
was married to Sir John Boyer, and the
fourth to Sir R. Bradfhaw.
There were at one time fe.venteen bro-
thers of the family of Tullibardine, by
one father and mother ; of whom defcended
Murray of Strutan ; Murray of Woodend;
Sir Thomas Murray of Glendogg; Mur-
ray of Tippermuir; Murray of Dollary;
and Sir Patrick Murray of Auchtertiers, a
confiderable family in Perthfhire, lineally
defcended of the youngeft of the brothers.
There
470 The HISTORY of the
There are aifo of this name the Lord
Elibank, the Lairds of Aberearney, Pot-
mais, Blackbaronry, Philip, Haugh, and
Newton, all of ancient families and con-
{iderable eflates.
Having thus with much labour and pains
deduced and brought down the ancient and
honourable Houfe of Stanley, from their ori-
ginal, through many genealogies, to our own
time, as well in all the collateral branches,
as the direcl; line, to his Grace James Duke
of Athol, the Jaft branch of the old flock,
and given you their names and honourable
titles, with their chief feats, and all the me-
morable and mod celebrated actions perfor-
med by them in their feveral ages, I have
confidered it no lefs than a duty incumbent
upon me, and an aft of juftice due to the
noble, ancient and honourable houfes of A-
thol, and Tullibardine, to declare their an-
tiquity, magnanimity and renown, with the
many and high honours conferred upon the
feveral branches thereof, for the fteady and
many eminent fervices done by them to their
Prince and country, as well in England as in
Scotland ; which being done, I have only to
add
HOUSE of STANLEY. 471
add the titles and feats of his prefent Grace
of Athol, who is (tiled the mod noble James,
Duke of Athol, Lord of Man and the Ifie ;
Marquis of Tullibardine ; Earl of Strathtay
and Strathardle ; Vifcount of Ballquidder,
Glenaltnond and Glenlyon ; Baron Strange,
Lord Murray, Balvany and Gafk; Heritable
Steward of the Stewarties of Fife and Hunt-
.ingtour ; Heritable Lord of the Regalites of
Athol and Dunkeld ; Heritable Cnptain and
Conftable of the Caflle and Conftabulary of
Kincleaven; High Sheriff of Perthfnire; Lord
Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland; one
of the Lords of his Majefty's moll honoura-
ble Privy Council, and Knight of the mod
noble and moil ancient Order of the Thiille,
whofc chief feats arc Dunkeld, Blaire-caftle,
in the Blaire of Athol, Huiitingtour near*
Perth, and Falkland, with fome others
which I cannot recollect.
And thus having finiihed what has occurred
to me molt remarkable of the two noble and
united families aforefaid, I (hall by way of
conclufion fubjoin part of an ancient poem in
manufcript, wrote by a dignified member of
the church, and a near relation to the ho-
nourable
472 The HI STORY of the
curable Houfe oFSu-.nlov, treating of the fa-
mily hiftory for mere* than three hundred
years pafr, wherein the prrfons, lives and
actions of the Stanley's are reprefented to
this time in a molt lively manner.
And although the verfe be fomething of
the doggrel kind, and the language uncouth
and obfolete, yet, upon due -thought and
conn deration, I have refolved to give it to
the public in its own natural drefs, without
adding or diminifhing any thing from it ;
which, in my fentiments, will be novel and
entertaining to the curious reader, as well as
plcafing and agreeable to the lefs learned ;
the whole being a voucher or confirma-
tion of many articles of antiquity aflert-
ed by me in the courfe of this hiltory,
with fomething new and unknown to me be-
fore, which I fhall introduce by the author's
own preface, and in his own flile, viz.
" This for the merit of the fubject ;
No doubt the poet did his beft, fo don't reflect,"
THOMAS,
THOMAS, FIRST EARL OF DERBY,
Three Hundred Years fince and upwards,
IN KING RICHARD'S TIME.
A right> true and mojl famous Chronicle,
C ET forth without any fraud or addultring
flatterage (as fome of our chronicles do)
of the noble and noteable afts of the Stan-
leys ungentlye be left oute of other chro-
nicles, and yett as worthie to be notified,
marked and regiftered for an excellent me-
mory all as others be, for aclyvenefs and
martiall deeds, and ready, if need require,
to be proved matter of true effect, both by
teftimonie of writing and record of honeft
men yett living, that have feen and kno^n
a good part thereof, and to much pity and
ihame it fhould now be forgotten or left out,
as in other chronicles they be, which doth
difclofe an afie&ion in the writers, and may
20 P p p well
.
474 T/ie HISTORY of the
well be judged and called flatterage, which
is an evil office: it declareth alfoe the Stan-
ley's defcent, and how and by what means
they came by that name of Stanley, and the
commencement thereof in good and perfect,
agragated and compiled by Thomas Stanley,
by the permiflion of God, Bifhop of Man
alias Soder, in the year of our Lord God
1562.
Among all delights and worldly comfort
is to heare of our aunceflors great name,
pleafeth and reifeath a good natural harte,
foe that flattery and lyes be utterly abolifhed,
and only the truth (hall herein be moved,
as by juft record truely and well may be
proved, not as fome chronicles utfjuflly
ufe Batterings, renowninge the worthy with
them. I would fuch unjud writers for their
untrue fmatterings would offer themfelves
unto St. Thomas Waternfon, but truth noe
man can be offended at, not truth of right
ought not to be reprehended but in martial
way, hardy harts for fuch ftoryes be often
wakeing in reading, or to heare now and
then the ftoute prowes of fome valiant man,
and great pitty it (hould not be in record.
for
HOUSE of STANLEY. 4.75
for firft it bringeth the dead a noble fame
and word, and allfoe to the heires thereof,
giving them harts like enterprise to atchyve
in their Prince's fervice dareing for no coft,
but adventureth though land and life fhould
be loft, and of land and life maketh no
comparifon to a valiant acl right manfully
done: true record of writinge is neceffary
as appeareth by many a goodly (lory, without
writinge all fame mould be loft at once; the
ftoute hardy men might be compared to the
Hones ; the genitors is the chief caufe of
hardines, which in fine, is the cheife caufe
of forwardnefs as Stanleys do fpecifie, what
wonders hardy men have done for their
lady's fake, writinge of chronicles 'tis well re-
ferved if Dame Fame follow well defarved.
As for their honefty and truth to praife the
valiant prowes of the (tout Stanleys hero-
icke aftions, and how they had the name,
I will plainely and truely unfold to you by
the following poems:
P p p z " THEIR
C 476 ]
H 'THHEIR names be Awdley, of verry right
* ' difcent,
I fhall mew you how, if you give good intent,
As quickly as I can, without more delay,
How the name was changed and called Stanley.
In ancienttyme, much more then two hundred
years,
Was our Lord Awdley, as by ftoryes doth appear,
Awdley by creation, alfo by name Awdley,
Then haveinge a Lordfhipp that is yet called
Stanley^
Which Lordfhipp he gave unto his fecond fon
For valliant als that before he had done.
Their this man dwelled many a daye,
And many yeares was called, Awdley of Stanley.
Afterward he marryed the heire of Scurton,
And when Scurton dyed, thithe-r he went to v/onn,
And then he was called, Stanley of Scurton;
The which name fticketh flill to all his fucceflion.
It chanced afterwards a goodly man to his fonn,
Efpoufed the daughter and heire of Hutton;
And afterwards at Hutton, as chaunce him befawled
Hee dwelt, and Stanley of Hutton was he called.
One
C 477 ]
One doth continue at this prefent daye,
Prayinge God that forthwith worfhippe longe it
may;
Thus fure undoubted, their firft name was Awdley a
And thus forward by cuftome called Stanley.
And after a fecotid fdnn of Huttori chaunced,
By valyant als was hjighly advanced.
To the Englifh court came the Admiral of Henod,
With gentlemen of France, to prove their man-
hoode;
One of them callejfthe beft wfth fpeare and (hield,
The Kinge fent jJEn Stanley to meet him in the
field. jf"
He was allfoe named the chiefe of all France,
But this flout Stanley had fuch fortune and chance ;
He did not only put his enemye to lack,
But he allfoe flew him, and broke his horfe's back.
More gentlemen of England did there worthily^,
For each one over his enemye gott viftory;
Frenchmen for their adventure may themfelves
blame,
Tho' they went not all home, yet they went with
fhame.
And for this aft the Kinge made John Stanley knight,
For that he perceaved him a man of great might;
And for his hardy feate he gave him for his heire,
Wing, Tring and Jump, in Buckinghamshire.
Then
[ 478 ]
Then of the Kinge he defyred moft earneftly,
Lycencc to pafs the feas, adventures to try;
The King therwith all was verry well content,
And laudablye allowed him for his manly intent,
Thus over the fea Sir John Stanley is gone,
Straight to French court, but meddle with him
would none ;
The Admiralls journey was not yett forgotten,
plow he and his Compeeres were right well beaten';
For which they beare Sir John Stanley malice and
fpyte,
But to reincounter with him none had delight.
His jolly entertainment of the French King,
Was honourable and free in every maner of thing,
And gave him pleafure and gifts right bountifullye,
With good gold and iilver plentifullye ;
To maintayne his ftout and liberaH expences.
Thus jolly Stanley departed thence is,
And vifited all courts in Chriftendome;
And to the Turkes court personally did come,
Still gettinge great honour thereof did not fayle ;
Againft all thofe that in armes durft him aflayle.
To England apace bimfelf doth indeavour,
With renown and honour to worthylyc for ever,
And did attempt all the courts in Chriftendome,
And whon honour in each place where he did come,
Not
[ 479 ]
Not fitting in houfc with pen, inke and paper;
But incampe advanced thro' great adventure,
I do not fpeake any man to defpife,
That enhanced by pen or marchandife;
For both mufl be had, and both verry necefTary,
And both worthy of prayfe, tho' the feats do varyc
But to fay truth, that man rifinge ought to be
pray fed,
That by hardy ah unto honour is rayfed;
For of them he made books, both in profe and
ryme,
Of others not foe, yet ferves for the tyme;
Though of them have come divers full valyant,
Yet they may not their original fo advaunt :
Nor foe largely fet forth their renown foe farre,
As thofe whofc commencement have come by
warre.
Thus is returned Sir John Stanley home agayne,
Whereof the Kinge and nobles were glad andfayne,
Who heard of his valiant als more and more,
A.11 forts of people honored him highely therefore.
Now agayne with the firft Earle I make my end,
To tell truth of his deede fhould no man offend,
For there is noe doubt when lowe laid is the head,
As we deferve Dame Fame, fuch report will fpredd,
Lett us truft no lefs in this world and the next,
God rewards noe man'*; perfon, as fayeth the texte
Syth
C 480 ]
Syth I have declared heretofore plainlye,
Of his worthy afts and noble chivallrye;
I will fomewhat in other matters procede,
Of his edyfications I will fpeak in verry deed.
Firft he buildcd fay re Lathom-hall out of the
ground,
Such a houfe of that age cannot now be found ;
I meane not for the beauty thereof all onely,
But every office is fett foe handfome and necefiary.
Garftang-bridge that ftands on the river Wire,
Rochdale made the fame, at the Earl's coft and
hyrc;
At Warrington was kept a common ferrye,
Which poled the King's people unreafonably,
None might goe to and froe, a horfeback and foote,
But pay as they pad, there was no other boote,
The good Earle confidering the peoples coft,
Being tedious to pafs by bote or by barge ;
The Earle made a goodly bridge on his own coft
and charge,
With another goode and fubflantiall purveyance,
That was, he gave lands thereto for the mentenance,
This was a noble hearte liberal and kinde,
The people will pray for him time out of mynde;
At Paul's Chayne, in London, he made a houfc
fayre,
And his houfe in Holborn, he did well repayre;
At
At Collan-court and Gatfefden, he made great
coft,
Jefu fave his foulc, there was no labour loft.
When Lathome mannor was made not after
long,
A gentleman fayd, my Lord, this houfe is ftronge ;
And if enemyes come neare they will fall a quake-
in ge,
Ouoth he, I have a ftronger wall a makeinge;
That is, to gett my neighbors good wills all,
To love mee truely is a more ftronger wall;
He ufed them foe he did them thereunto bring,
Except a few which thereby wan noe thinge,
Who foe loved him he did to him the fame;
And who did contrary got but lofs and mame,
But the cheifeft thing that gott the peoples love ;
Was, when Harry the VII. at his firft comeing did
move,
Lancafhire and Chefhire, a fifteenth to pay;
The people grudged, and in maner fayed naye,
The Kinge heareinge thereof was grieved in his
heart;
And there this loveing Earle played aTriendly part,
Well confidered the ftatc of his country;
He went to exchequere and laid down the money,
And then fayd, Sir, your fifteenth in your exche-
quere is paid,
For Lancafhire and Chefhire it was not difmay'd:
21 O q q I am
I am glad, quoth the Kinge, it doth foe well
chauncc,
Thus the good Earle quieted all the King's gree-
vance ;
But for the Earle, happe thro* the fame exaclion,
Poffible it had proved fome fond comotion;
Loe here he gott not his love with highnes and
cruelltye,
But with gentlenes and nob.le liberallitie,
For all controverfies he found provifion ;
That but few for fuites travelled to London,
In fuch matters (God wott) great payne took he,
He faved the countrey much travell and money;
And eafed the poor people that had little to fpend,
And thankes be to GOD of ech matter made a
good end.
Now fithence muft travell poore and rich all,
And for moft part the great fifh devoureth the fmale ;
Thus walk the world forward apale doth goe,
Stedfaft in noe poynt it fiialle be well proved foe ;
Thinke it no furer but as flipper as I fee,
And who trufteth others in it furelye is unwife,
Noe man can laft longer then the tyme;
Which GOD hath appoynted, therefore make of
all crime.
Wee muft after this Earle, perhapps not thither;
Where his foul e is I fear fome be lither,
Wee be prefifely fure each one to dye ;
Noe mankinde hath charter to the contrary;
If
C 483 ]
If might or money could have faved this man,
Or love of his neighbors, he had not dyed then ;
But feeinge death is to us foe verry natural!,
Pxay wee charitablye for each others fall:
And efpecially for his foule lettus pray.
Of his honorable Earle Thomas Stanley;
Who in honor and love hath ended his life,
With trueth ever in wedlocke to GOD and his
wife;
The love which he wann with liberallitye,
GOD keepe foe ftill unto all his pofteritye."
A M E N.
Q q q Yctt
Yett have I left behinde me a nottablc
poynt, which I had not prefently in my re-
membrance, untill an aged man that fome-
tyme was fervant unto this old firll Earle
Thomas, put it in my memory, which is,
that where this noble Earle was difpofed to
ride for his pleafure a huntinge or other pro-
grefs, or to vifitt his friendrand neighbors,
whofe houfe foever hee went unto, hee fent
his officers before, who made provifion all
at his coil, as tho 3 he had bin at his owne
houfe; and at his departure the furpleefage
was left to the ufe of the houfe where he
had lodged. And thus wal his maner and
order in all places, where a(nd when he tra-
velled, unlefs by chaunce he came unto
iome Lord's houfe. I report mee if this
was not too honorable to be put into obly-
vion. " "*"
*
THE
COMPLETE
HISTORY
OF THE
ISLE OF MAN.
CONTAINING THE
Situation and Geographical Defcription thereof:
..cclefiaftical and Civil Hiftories, with the whole Order of
Government, from the earlieft Accounts : the Lord's Prero-
gative and Regalities : the feveral Officers neceffarily employed
under him : nature of the Soil : Names of the chief Towns
and Harbours : Number of Parifhes : Value of the Livings :
with the Produce of the Country, the neighbouring Sea, and
a Defcription of their ufual Trade.
An Account of its Purchafe from the DUKE of ATHOL, by
Government, under the Reign of his prefent MAJESTY,
KING GEORGE the THIRD.
PRINTED BY E. SERGENT,
IN THE
MARKET-PLACE.
MDCCXCMI.
THE
INTRODUCTION.
TTHIS Ifland appears but little, or darkly
known to the ancients; and amongft all
our modern Hiflorians and Geographers,
there is not one has given any tolerable ac-
count of it, before Mr. James Challoner,
Governor for the Lord Fairfax, and the
great and learned Mr. Blundell of Crofby,
who prudently retired thither during the
Ufurpation, whereby he preferved his per-
fon in peace and fecurity, and his eflate
from all manner of depredation. This gen-
tleman being a perfon of polite learning,
employed his leifure hours in collecting the
Hiftory and Antiquities of the Ifle of Man ;
and by his manufcripts, which I have feen,
gave pofterity the clearefl and moft correci
account of it.
But as to~ the reft of our Englifh Hifto-
rians, few of them, efpecially the ancients,
fo much as mention it. Mr. Cambden in-
deed
488 The HISTORY of the
deed is the firft that gives us any light or in-
fight into it ; after him the great Lord Cook
and Doclor Heylin, but they all abound with
fo many errors and miftakes, that it is very-
uncertain adhering to any of them.
Havin'g faid this, give me leave to ob-
ferve what natural misfortunes this country
is faid to labour under, which I am informed
and apprehend from fome of its natives, is
the frequent penury and want of many ne-
ceflaries of life, occafioned by a thin unfer-
tile foil, requiring more experience labour
and manure, than the inhabitants in general
are qualified to beftow upon it ; for though
there are few here that can be properly faid
to be rich, fo neither are there many can be
efteemed miferably poor; and were they fo
happy to have the encouragement of fome
manufactures, and a more extenfive trade of
their own product, the country would not
only be improved, but grow rich and able
to fupply themfelves by their own labour and
induftry
It is true they want many neceflaries for
the common fervice of life ; fuch as timber,
fait,
ISLE of MAN. 489
wrought iron, coals, &c. But with
all thefe they might be eafily fupplied by the
countries round them, had they equal pro-
duels to give in exchange, or indeed were
there an herring fifhery as certain and plenti-
ful as formerly, it would fupply all thofe
wants, and to fpare.
As I have given you the common, or ra-
ther accidental wants and misfortunes of this
little part of the globe, I cannot but in juftice
(hew the bleflings and advantages it enjoys
beyond all the nations round about it.
The firft is a perfect unanimity in matters
of religion, flriclly conformable to the doc-
trine and difcipline of the Church of England
by law eftablimed.
The next to this is the rectitude and good-
nefs of their laws, fo wifely formed, and fo
admirably adapted to their conflitution, that
the great Lord Cook faith, " That the Ifle
of Man hath fuch laws as are not to be found
in any other place."
21 R r r Every
490 'The HISTORY of the
Every man there pleads his own caufe
without council or attorney, or any perfon
who gains by incouraging (Irife : all chancery
bufmefs is ended in twelve or fourteen weeks,
viz. four court days ; matters of common law
are fomething more dilatory by reafon court
d^ys come but twice a year, but the eafe of
the government and every man's intereft
draws all fuits and controverfies to as fpeedy
a'conclufion as can poflibly be contrived.
t
There is in this little world, befides this
happinefs, an univerfal plenty and cheapnefs
m all feafonable times; which makes it the
refort of many people in diftrefs and low
life. Their own ale has been long efteemed
of equal goodnefs to any of its neighbours;
their importations of wine, brandy, rum,
fugar, fruit, lemons, filks, velvets, coffee,
tea, and China ware, are very large. And
could they be once favoured with the expor-
tation of them to their neighbouring nations,
upon a juft duty and proper and well regu-
lated conditions, England and its neighbour-
ing friends, would in the opinions of expe-
rienced perfons be better fupplied and with
lefs
ISLE of MAN. 491
lefs hazard to our manufatluries, and more
advantage to his Majefly's revenue.
But be that as it will, as GOD has been
pleafed to give them plenty, he hath alfo
given them hearts to enjoy it. The people
are naturally of a chearful. focial)le, and
debonair temper, much inclined to mufic and
freedom among tbemieives, very loving, but
a little choleric. They were formerly repu-
ted courageous and eminent for many excel-
lent military commanders, as will appear
more fully from the hiftory, as likewife what
refpecl their Kings had among foreign Prin-
ces, of which Macon (not to mention more)
was a moft remarkable inftance.
But above all, they have been famous for
their hofpitality to ftrangers, as great num-
bers of Englifh in the late civil wars, and
many thoufands of Irifh Proteftants in the
devaluations of that Kingdom, in 1689, bore
witnefs.
Nor were they lefs famous in former ages
for {heltering diftrefled Princes, of which I
will, venture to give my reader one inftance.
R r r 2 Eugenius,
492 The HISTORY of the
Eugenius, when Prince of Scotland, took
fanftuary in the ifland for nine years, and
was afterwards recalled by the nobility and
people, and crowned King of Scotland. To
omit Ederias, and Corbred, firnamed Gall,
from his travelling and learning, who were
educated in this ifland, even before Chrifti-
anity, for it is not improbable thefe Princes
might choofe the Ifle of Man for their re-
treat, becaufe it was then and many ages
after accounted the only feat of learning un-
der the Druids, nor was it lefs remarkable
under their firft pious Bifhops.
Heclor Boetius fays, Man was the foun-
tain of all honeft learning and erudition;
others of the Scotch nation fay it was the
manfion of the Mufes and the royal academy
for educating the heirs apparent to the
Crown of Scotland, as Eugenius the III.
himfelf, who likewife fent three of his fons,
Ferguard, Fiacre, and Donald, into the
Ifle of Man, to be educated under Couranus,
whom they write Bifhop of Sodor; two of
which fons, Ferguard and" Donald, were fuc-
ceffwely Kings of Scotland, as both Heftor,
Boetius, and Hollinfliead can witnefs ; who
likewife
ISLE of MAN. 493
likewife inform us, that even before this
Couranus (by Do61or Heylin, writ Goran)
ordered that the three fons of his brother
Congel, Eugenius the fecond, Cougatus the
third, and Kinatellus the firft, fhould be
brought up in the Ifle of Man (fays Boetius)
under the government of certain inftruftors
and fchool-mafters, to be trained up in learn-
ing and virtuous difcipline, according to an
ancient ordinance thereof made and enacted:
fo celebrated was the difcipline of thofe
ages, that it feems to have paffed into a
law, that the Princes of Scotland mould be
educated in this ifland.
Having thus far (hewn wherein the ancient
honour of this ifland confided, I think it
proper my reader mould know that it had
formerly an order of nobility ; for I find
both Earls and Vifcounts mentioned, but
efpecially Barons, who I conceive were the
governors of the out ifles. In thofe days
the Comes were the firft magiftrates in the
county, and the Vice Comes his fubftitute,
but of latter ages they have been appropri-
ated as marks of honour to particular
families.
There
494 The HISTORY of the
There were likewife iformerly feveral
ecclefiaftical Barons in this ifie, as the Abbot
of Rufhen, the Abbot of Furnefs, and
the Bifhop of Man, who dill retains that
honourable title ; and in regard thereof, is to
hold, the ;Lord ; s ftirrup, when he mounts
his ileed, at the Tiawald.
But becaufe thofe pious foundations lie
buried in their own ruins, I fhall crown
my work with what is efteemed the greateft
glory -this world affords; that it was a King-
dom, if you will take the words of my Lord
Cook. The ancient and abfolute Kind.om
of Man, in Calvin's cafe, Lib. 7. chap. 21.
Though fince it fell under the homage of
the cro.wn of England, it was never granted
but by the title of the Ifland and Lordfliip
of Man, except to Sir John Stanley, who
is fliled King and Lord of Man, in their
records as before-mentioned, fo that it
pretended to no fuch abfolute dominion, for
allegiance to the crown of England was re-,
ferved in all public oaths.
Not but that it (lill retains mod of the
eflential marks and infignia of regal power,
fuch
ISLE of MAN. 495
fuch making laws for its own government,
of pardoning criminals, of holding courts
in the Lord's name, the patronage of the
bimopric, the admiral of thofe feas, the
coinage of money, and many other inferior
articles of regality; which as they were de-
rived from the favour of the crown to the
houfe of Derby, fo the conftant and uninter-
rupted loyally of that noble houfe, may be
jullly efteemed to have deferved it, efpecially
fince they have managed that great truft and
power with fo much tendernefs and care of
the people under them, by which they have
flood as lafling examples to all in power, and
tranfmitted to the remembrance of all pof-
terity; that by their care, vigilance, and
juftice, there is one little fpot of earth in the
world where law, juilice and equity, true
religion and primitive integrity, have long
<ione, and ftill do flourim, in contempt of
faction, fedition, contention, want or diviiion,
or whatever elfe the world calls miferies and
misfortunes.
AD
A
DESCRIPTION
OF THE
ISLE OF iMAN.
HP H E Ifle of Man hath been called or
known by divers names amongft ancient
writers : by Caefar, it was called Mona (and
is ftill fo ftiled in their own records from all
antiquity) by Ptolomy and Pliny, Monada,
by Secunda, Ninius, Eubonia, by the Britons,
Menaw, by the natives, Manning, and by
the Englifh, the Ifle of Man.
The length of the Ifle from north to fouth,
is more than thirty miles, and the breadth
between eight and ten. It lies between 55
and 56 degrees of north latitude, and 15 de-
grees of longitude; and Caftle-town feems
to be in the fame parallel with York ; and a
certain author fays, it is placed in the naval
of the fea, and in truth it feems to be the
center of the King of Great Britain's domi-
nions,
ISLE of MAN. 497
nions, almoft equally of diiiant in the north,
from Galloway, in Scotland; in the weir,
from Ulfter, in Ireland; in the eaft, from
Cumberland; and in the fouth, from Angle-
fea.
The Ifle of Man, lying nearer to the
counties of Lancafler and Cumberland, than
to any other of England, the inhabitants
very much follow and partake of the cufloms
and ufage of thofe counties, efpecially Lan-
cafter, with whom they have a conftant
trade, for their cattle and other produce of
the ifland, and in return fupply themfelves
with fait, and all other neceffaries wanting
there: betides they have a natural refpeft
for the people of Lancafhire. Whether it
arife from their Lord's ufual refidence in that
county, or their being moftly fupplied with
their principal officers from thence, as Go-
vernors, Bifhops, Archdeacons, and many
others of lefs note, I know not, but they
have fuch an efteem for the people of that
county, that it is a common maxim with them,
that a good Lancafhire juflice of the peace,
generally makes the bed governor of the
Ifle of Man.
21 Sff This
498 The HISTORY of ihe
This ifland was many ages governed by its
own Kings, natives of the place, but through
a long decent and a great variety of changes
in the government, it is rendered too difficult
to be purfued in a lineal and regular manner
without many and long digreflions, and as I
conceive, it would appear more like a
needlefs curiofity than of any fervice or
ufeful information to the reader, therefore I
mail neither give him nor myfelf more
trouble than is needful on that head, to in-
troduce the defcription and hiftory of that
ifland more clear and intelligible.
firft with King Clave, the third
fon of Goddard Crownan, whofe family had
long reigned in the ifland, which was ftiled
the Kingdom of the Ides, as will appear
more fully in the fequel hereof. This young
gentleman being greatly opprefTed and har-
rafled by the more powerful Kings of Nor-
way, Denmark, Scotland, and Ireland, ap-
plied himfelf to Henry I. King of England,
and offered him the Kingdom of the Ides.
He was then a Prince in the flower of his
youth, peaceable, juft, and liberal, efpe-
cially to the church, and therefore pious;
he
r\ ;
ISLE of MAN. 499
he afTumed the government, Anno 1102, and
by his princely addrefs and prudent negoci-
ations, procured the King of England for
his patron, and by that King's interctffion,
the Kings of Scotland and Ireland for his
confederates, fo that having nothing to fear
from abroad, he applied himfelf to public
works of mercy and piety at home,
///
Firfl, by informing the laws and manners
of his fubjefts; and wifely weighing that
religion, and good education, greatly foften
the temper and actions of a brutifh and vici-
ous people. For that purpofe, in the year
1134, he gave the Abbey of Rumen,-jp
Evan, Abbefs of Furnefs, to ferve as a nur-
fery to the church, and from hence it is, that
the Abbots of Furnefs, had the approbation
of the Abbot of Rufhen, and fome believe
the right of electing the Bifhop himfelf, and
a fort of chapter to his diocefe.
Olave having thus laid the groundwork
of his eftablifhment, greatly endowed the
whole church of the ides with large fran-
chifes, liberties, and immunities: the revenue
of which was fent out after the mod ancient
S f f 2 and
|co 7 he HISTORY of the
and apoftolic manner, viz. one third of all
the tithes to the Bifhop for his mainte-
nance, the fecond to the abbey for the educa-
tion of youth, and relief of the poor (for
thofe good monks were then the public
almoners, and by their own labours rather
encreafed than diminifhed the public charity)
the third portion of the tithes was given
to the parochial priefts for their fubfiftance.
Olave- having Ipent near four years in all
the calm enjoyments of peace and plenty,
at laft refolved to vifit the King of Norway,
and in the year 1142, did homage, to Hengo,
King of Norway, by whom he was honou-
rably received, and before his departure
crowed King of the Jfles, and left his fon
Goddard to be educated in the Norweigian
court, and then returned to Man.
"Where he found the long peaceable courfe
of his affairs quite altered: for the three
fons of his brother Harold who had been
educated in Dublin, railed great forces and
demanded one moiety of the Kingdom of
the Hies. Olave defired time to confider of
it, and on the day appointed to receive
his '
ISLE of MAN. 501
his anfwer, the principal perfons on both
fides being drawn up in lines oppofite to
each other, Reginald, one of the brothers,
(landing in the middle asVtalking to fome
principal perfons, being called by the King,
turned himfelf of a fuddecfl| if he defigned
to falute him, but at the fame time lifted
up his battle ax, and at one blow cirtNCff his
head: the nobility depending upon Clave,
being all difperfed or flain^ Reginald divided
the country among his
Olave, left by his wife Affrica, daughter
of Fergus, Lord of Gallowavy one Ton
fucceeded him.
aowavy
&
The fons of Harold flufhed with this fuc-
cefs had thoughts of conquering all before
them : immediately therefore they-tranfport-
ed their forces into Galloway, but the peopje
there ^behaved with that bn-rrpr a^ rnn
lution that they quickly forced them to re-
turn with fhame and confufion into Man,
where they exercifed all the cruelties upon
the men of Galloway, that fhame, difap-
pointment, and revenge could invent, but
the
3 02 The HISTORY of the
the juftice of heayen differed not fo many
villanies to go long unpunifhed. For,
In the year 1143, Goddard, the fon of
good King Olave, returned from Norway,
to whom the whole ifland immediately fub-
mitted : upon which he ordered two of the
fons of Harold to lofe their eyes, and the
third, who had murdered his father, he caiif-
ed to be executed. And having by thefe
acls of juftice cleared his way to the crown,
by the unanimous confent of the people, he
affumed the government.
Goddard was then in the flower of his
youth, brave, aftive and generous, with
the mein and (lature of a hero, and polifhed
by education in a foreign court; all which,
joined to the merits of an excellent father,
attracted the hearts not only of his own peo-
ple, but of ftrangers alfo, and all the neigh-
bouring provinces admired and envied the
happinefs of the Manx nation, and every
one wifhed for a King like theirs.
But as all human affairs are fubje6l to fre-
quent changes and unforefeen accidents in
life,
ISLE of MAN. 503
life, and that the mod moderate and pru-
dent (government in the world is not fecure
from faction and fedition at home, as well as
enemies abroad, To it fell out with this good
King ; for one Thorfinus, the fon of Otter,
was at that time the principal of all the na-
tives, who having been difpoiTeffed of forne
lands he had a pretence to, and denied fome
favours he expected, grew a mal-content,
and fetting up for a patriot, gained to his
party feveral factious and feditious fubje&s ;
and by them, and fuch others as he could
bring into his way of thinking, defigned to
work his own private revenge.
He therefore goes into Argyle, to one
Summerled, who had married a daughter
of good King Olave, and perfuaded him to
make his fon Dulgall, King of the ifles, in
right of his mother. Summerled being a
prince of a hot, enterprizing and ambitious
temper, embraced the propofal, and Thorn-
finus, by his own influence and perfuafion,
brought feveral of the weftern, iflands under
his obedience. However, the majority of
the people as yet adhered to their lawful
King : among ihefe was one Paul, a per fon.
50 i The HISTORY of the
of great loyalty, intereft and virtue, who
gave Goddard notice of Thorfinus' and
Summerled's projects.
Upon which the King equips 80 (hips, and
in the year 1156, a bloody battle was fought
at fea, where both fides wearied with the
{laughter made, and the viclory dill doubt-
ful, the two generals agreed to devide the
kingdom of the Ifles, by which all the
northern fell to the fon of Summerled: but
he, not contented with a moiety, in the year
1158, came into Man with 58 mips, and
the people either weary of the war, or the
mifconduci and unknown ufage of their
Prince, all fubmitted to him, fo that God-
dard by letting a difcontented people flip
from him, now found himfelf no more a
King, but forfaken and flighted by all, efpe-
cially by thofe who had been the instruments
of his feverity and mifconduci;, and found no
fafer way to make their court to their new
matter, than by expofing the old, agreeable
to that dated maxim, that he who will do
ill to pleafe his Prince, will certainly do the
fame againft him, when it appears his intereft
and advantage in fo doing. Whilft things
were
ISLE of MA N. 505
were tranfafting, the dethroned King God-
dard found means to efcape into Norway,
there to referve himfelf to his better fortune.
A lively inftance of indolence and neglecl,
which prefently degenerate into violence
and unwarrantable meafures, by which the
gaining of a crown may fometimes forfeit
the virtue which renders a man worthy of it.
But Summerled, flumed with thefe petty
victories, fet no bounds to his ambition; but
in the year 1164, raifed a fleet of 160 fail,
with a refolution to matter all Scotland, and
attempting to land his men at Rheinfern,
was conquered by a few, himfelf and his
fon (lain, with moft of his people. The
people were glad to be thus delivered by
dear bought experience, and found a fenfible
difference betwixt a paffionate andmifguided
Prince, and a real tyrant.
Every one now beg^n to think of Goddard
thejr exiled King, whole fix years abfence
and his own generous qualities had blotted
out the errors and miftakes of his youth and
former government, fo that all the hearts of
the people inclined to his reftoration.
22 T t t At
The HISTORY of the
At which time Reginald, his baftard bro-
ther, had gathered and armed a multitude of
loofe fellows of different nations, refolving
with them to carry the kingdoms of the
ifles.
The Manxmen floutly defended their
King's caufe. The battle was fought at
Ramfay, and the people loft the day by the
treachery of a certain Count, who pro-
bably dreaded Goddard's revenge upon him,
but Goddard being truely informed of the
ifland's good intention towards him, landed
the fourth day after the battle with a power-
ful affiftance from the King of Norway : the
people received him with joy; all former
errors were mutually forgot, and Reginald
was feized, and his eyes put out, and all
thofe who might render the fucceflioh difpu-
table, ftripped of all power, and from this
time Goddard began to fettle his affairs
with prudence, gentlenefs, and moderation;
and Maclotlen, fon of Maccartack, King of
Ireland, gave his daughter Fingala, to wife,
by whom he had a fon, named Olave.
The
ISLE of MAN. 507
The year following the King took a pro-
grefs through the ides, to fettle the confufed
ftate of affairs; during his abfence, Emoreal,
one of the blood royal, attempting fome
novelty, he brought a great multitude to
the Ifle of Man, who at firfl difperfed fome
few that guarded the coafts, but the fame
dyv tne Manxmen rallied the whole force,
and flew him and all his followers; and thus
the King continued compofmg and fettling
the affairs of his government till the year
1187, in which he died on the ninth of Sep-
tember, in a -good old age.
This Prince had tried both extremes of
government, firfl ruined by fuccefs, and the
ill conducl of his yduth, but being made
wifer by afflictions and experience, became
a fortunate and happy Monarch.
He left three fons, Reginald, Olave, and
Jvar, and appointed Olave his fucceffor, bji-
caufe born in lawful wedlock ; but Olave
being then but a minor, the Manxmen fent
for the eldeft fon, Reginald, out of the Ifles,
and made him King, Anno 1188.
T 1 1 2 Reginald,
5 o8 The HI STORY of the
Reginald, was then of a ripe age, endowed
with great qualities, wit, courage, and refo-
lution, mixed with craft, diflimulation, and
revenge, which added to the natural injuftice
to his brother Olave, rendered his reign
though long, unhappy. Reginald in the
fixth year of King John, of England, had
done his homage for the Ifle of Man, for
which the King granted him a Knight Fee in
Ireland, and his protection, pro feod and
fervitio fuo, fays the record.
Reginald, being at this time abfent in Ire-
land, with all his forces, and his principal
officers, by which the people of the ifland had
been great fufferers, began to think of their
injuftice to Olave their lawful Prince, then
in the vigour of his age, and matter of all
thofe refined qualities that 'render Princes
agreeable to their people, or men to one
another; mild, juft, fedate, pious and liberal,
to which was added, an admirable fymmetry
of body, which, rendered him the darling
of the ladies, who by their intereft at home
fometimes make the ftrongeft abroad.
Reginald,
I SLR of MAN, 509
Reginald, returning into Man, and view-
ing the defolation of his country during his
abfence, and at the fame time perceiving the
loft affeclions of his people, refolved to re-
move his brother Olave, the idol of their
hearts out of his way ; but not finding it fafe
to do it by open violence, he caufed hirn to
be feized and fent to William, King of Scot-
land, where he was kept in chains feven
years, at the end of which King William
dying, was fucceeded by his fon Alexander,
who at his coronation, ordered all the pri-
foners to be releafed, among whom was
Olave, who fpeedily returned to the Ifle
of Man, well attended by the nobility,
and good willies of the people, and prefent-
ed himfelf to his brother Reginald, who
received hirn with all apparent affeclion,
and married him to the Lord of Cantyre's
daughter, named Lavon, and fifter to his
own Queen, but gave them nothing but the
iflands called the Lewes 's, which necedity
compelled Olave to accept of fince he
could get no better; but coming into the
Lewes's, he found them barren, and al-
together infufficient to fupport him and his
retinue, therefore urged on by defpair,
5 io The HISTORY of the
neceflity and juftice, but more than all, by
the Vifcount Skey, refolved to pufh his
good fortune to the atmoft; and taking
hoftages of all the great men of the ifles, fet
fail in the year 1215, with thirty (hips, and
landed in the Ifle of Man ; but the nobility
and people interpofing, the brothers came
to an agreement, and divided the kingdom
of the ifles betwixt them, of which Reginald,
befides his moiety, had the Ifle of Man allot-
ted him.
Olave having refreftied his men, returned
to his part of the ifles ; but Reginald greatly
regretting to be difpolleffed of above a hun-
dred of them, which he had been fo long
matter of, fent to Allen, Lord of Galloway,
for afliftance ; and the year following failed
into the out-ifles, with a defign to difpoffefs
his brother Olave ; but the people abfolutely
refufing to fight, againft their natural Prince,
obliged him to return home without effecting
any thing.
Reginald, reftlefs and impatient with this
fecond difappointment, pretends a neceffity
of a journey to England. The people chear-
fully
ISLE of MAN. 511
fully fupplied him with one hundred marks
towards his journey ; but mflead of going
to England, he carried his daughter into
Galloway, and married her to the fon of that
Lord. But as nothing difcontents a people
more than the mifapplication of public ge-
nerofity, efpecially when they fee themfelves
impofed upon and betrayed to a foreign
power, confidering with indignation the in-
gratitude of Reginald, and their own injuf-
tice to their lawful Prince, they, by univerfal
fufferage fent for Olave and declared him
King in the year 1218". Reginald, feeing his
error, though too late, refolves in good ear-
ned on a voyage to the court of King John.
It is certain, as we have obferved, that
King John, in the fixth year of his reign,
took Reginald, King of Man, into his pro-
tection, and granted him one knight's fee in
Ireland ; and alfo granted him one hundred
quarters of corn, to be delivered at Droghe-
da, on the 2.6th of May, anno reg. fui 14,
anno dom. 1212.
And King Henry III. anno reg. fui 2.
anno dom. 1219, granted to Reginald, King
of
5 i2 The HISTORY of the
of Man. letters of fafe condul to come to
England, and do him homage, &c. And
In the fifth year of his reign, 1221, the
fame King writes to his juftice in Ireland,
the fourth of November, to deliver to Regi-
nald, King of Man, his knight's fee, two
tons of wine, and one hundred and twenty
quarters of corn, granted him every year
by the charter of King John, his father.
Now if it be allowable to compare fo fmall
a Prince with an Englifh Monarch, there
never was a nearer refemblance than in the
fortunes of thefe two; both had obtained
their government by injuftice to the lawful
heirs; both loft it by their ill treatment of the
people; both of mifchievous defigning tem-
pers, and both lived to feel the effecls thereof
on their own heads, only in this they differ :
John had offended the clergy, and Reginald
his people. John had fome years before,
made the molt infamous fubmiffion to the
Pope, that ever was heard of in hiftory ; Re-
ginald, to complete the fimilitude, muft do the
like, either becaufe it was the fafhion, or that
he could hope for no afliflance without it.
THE
THE
ACT OF SURRENDER,
MADE BY
REGINALD,
TO THE
SEE OF ROME.
Reginaldus Rex Infulce Man, ccnftituit fe.
vaJ'alLum fedis Romance, ? ex infula Jua,
facil feudum oblatum, Londini, 10 caL
Ottober, 1219.
VANCTISSIMO Pair i & Domino Honorio
Dei gratia fummo Pontifici, Reginaldus
Rex, Infularum commendationem cum ofculo
pedum. Noverit fanEta paternitas vcjlra,
quod nos, ut participes Jimus honorum
qua; fiunt in eccle/ia Rom. juxta admoni-
tionem, el exortationem dileEli patris Do-
mini P. Norwicen eldli, Camerarij 6? Lc-
gali veftri, dedimus (3 obtulimus nomine
Ecclejia Romance, & vejlro, & Catholico-
rum vejirorum JucceJ/brum, lufulam nojtrum
22 U u u de
5 14 'The HIS TO RY of the
de Man, quce ad nos jure heredilario per-
iinet, 6? de quce nuilli tonemur aliquod fer-
vitium facere, & deinceps nos, & hceredes
no/In in perpetuum tenebimus, in feudum
diclam Infulam ab Ecclejia Romance, &
faciemus ei per hoc homigium 6? Jideli-
tatem, &? in recognitionem Dominij, ne-
mine cenfus, nos & hceredes nojlri in
perpetuum annuatim folvcmus .Ecclejia Rom.
duodecim Marc as Sterlingorum in Anglia
apud Abbatiam de Fumes, Cijlertienfis Or-
dinis in Jcjlo Purification!* B. V. Maries.
Et fi non (Jet ibi aliquis ex parte vcflra
vel fucceffbrum Vijlrorum, deponentur dittos
duodecim marchas per nos & hceredes nof-
tros ptnes Abbatem & ConvenLum, Ecclefia
Rom. nomine. Hanc donatwnem, & abla-
tionem dittos Dominus Legatus rccipit ad
voluntatem & bene placitum vejlrum, 5?
pojt rcccptionem Jactani ab eo Jic ipfe Do-
minus Legatus dictum Infulam dedit miki,
& kceredibus meis in feudum perpetuo
pojfidendam (^ tenendam nomine Ecclejia
Rom. Et me inde per aunulum aureum
invejlivit, et ccttera. Attum Lond. in domo
Militia: Templi, 10 Kal. Oclob. an. dom.
Mille/imo, ducenttjimo, decimo nono. Et
ne
ISLE of MAN. 515
ic fupcr his aliquando p n jjit dubitari, has
\iteras fieri fecimus &. Jigillo nojlro mumri.
lodex juris Gentium DipLomaticus per ^Go-
dcfridum Gulidmum Liebmtzium, impref-
fus Hanover cz, 1693, foL prodromus,
page 5.
Reginald, King of the Ifle of Man, confti-
tutes himfelf a Vaflal of the See of Rome,
and of his ifland makes the offered grant
at London, 22d. of September, 1219.
HTO the moft Holy Father and Lord Hono-
rius, by 'tlie grace of God fupreme
Pontiff, Reginald, King of the Ifles, kifleth
his feet, and fendeth greeting : Be it known
to your holy paternity that we, as being
partakers of the benefits derived from thofe
things that are done in the Roman Church,
according to the admonition and exhortation
of the beloved Father in GOD, Peter, Lord
Bifhop of Norwich, elecl Chamberlain and
Apoftolic Legate, have given and offered in
the name of the Church of Rome and your's,
and of your Catholic fucceffors, our Ifland
of Man, which belongs to us by right of in-
U u u 2 heritance,
516 The HISTORY of the
heritance, and for which we are not bound
to do fervice to any ; and henceforwards,
we and our heirs for ever will hold the faid
iftand as a grant from the Church of Rome,
and will do homage and fealty to it ; and as
a recognition of dominion, in the name of
a tribute, we and our heirs for ever will pay
annually to the Church of Rome, twelve
marks flerling in England, at the Abbey of
Furnes, of the Ciftertian Order, upon the
Feaft Purification of the B. V Mary. And if
there mould not be any perfon there on the
behalf of you or your fucceflbrs, the faid
twelve marks (hall be depofited by us and
our heirs, with the Abbot and Convent, in the
name of the Church of Rome. This grant
and oblation the faid Lord Legate accepts,
according to your will and pleafure ; and af-
ter acceptance fo made by him, he the faid
Lord Legate gave to me and my heirs the
faid ifland, to, be pofleffed and held in fee
for ever, in the name of the Church of
Rome; and thereupon inverted me in the
fame by a ring of gold, &c. Done at Lon-
don, in the houfe of the Knights Templars,
the 22d. of September, anno 1219; and
that no doubt may remain concerning the
premifes 3
ISLE of MAN.
o 1 /
premifes, we have caufed this inftrument
to be ma.de*and fealed with our feal.
Vid. codeje juris Gentium Diplomaticus per
Godefridun\Gululmum Liebnitzium, Imprejfus
HanovtryK, 1693, fol. prodromus, page 5.
;
Whilft Reginald, by this infamous furren-
der, was endeavouring to recover his loft
eftate, his brother Olave, for above two
years, enjoy ed^pfla^ undifturbed pofleflion in
the government of the ifles, till at laft com-
pelled by the diforder of affairs to vifit the
remote parts of his fcattered kingdom, and
being well affecled by the nobility and foldi-
ery, he left the Ifle of Man expofe4 to the
fury of his brother Reginald; who, upon
this occafion, embraced the opportunity, by
returning from London ; and, by the affift-
ance of Allen, Lord of Galloway, and
Thomas, Earl of Athol, landed a large
army in the ifland, with which he laid the
whole fouth-fide wafte ; murdering all the
men they met, burning even the very church-
es, and committing all the inhumanities a
tyrant heated by refentment and revenge,
could invent.
At
5 i8 The HISTORY of the
At Idft, glutted with fo much barbarity,
or perhaps, apprehending his brother Glare's
return, he drew off his forces, and Allen,
Lord of Galloway, left his bailiffs to collect
the revenue ; but Olave fpeedily returning,
drove away thofe collectors, and ufed all
poffible means to recall fuch as had efcaped
the fury of Reginald, fo that the country
began to be re-peopled, and the natives to
fettle themfelves again in peace and fecurity.
But the ambitious fpirit of Reginald refted
not here, for the fame year in the midft of
winter, and in the dead of night, Reginald,
accompanied by the Lord of Galloway,
landed a fecond time, and by his plaufible
infmuations debauched the whole fouthern
divifion to his fervice. Of fo mutable a na-
ture are the vulgar, that thofe very people that
had been juft before fo harraffed, by burning
their houfes, murdering their kindred and re-
lations, now publicly took arms inhis defence.
King Olave flies for protection to the men
of the northern divifion, who unanimoufly
refolve to defend him and his caufe; where-
upon the two brothers engage in battle, at
the
ISLE of MAN. 519
the place called the Tinwald (the public
field of council and of arms) Reginald loft
the day, and was {lain in the heat of the
aftion; and thus fell that refllefs and am-
bitious foul, who for above thirty years had
difquieted himfelf and his people: his body
was carried by the Monks of Rumen to the
Abby of Furnes, and buried in a place
formerly chofen by himfelf.
Olave now hoping to enjoy all the fruits
of his labours, and the rights juftly due to
him, refolves on a voyage to Norway, anno
1220; where during- the conteft betwixt the
two brothers, the accuftomed refpecl had
not been paid, which occafioned the King
of Norway, to appoint a nobleman, one
Heufback, to be King of the Ifles, and
gave him his own name, Heco, who on
his arrival there, was flain in florming a
certain caftle in the Ifle of Bute, and never
reached the Ifle of Man.
Upon this Olave returning into the Ifle
of Man, brought with him Goddard, the
fon of his late brother Reginald; and by
the confent of the people, the ifles were
divided
520 Ike HISTORY of the
^
divided betwixt them (as a means to preferve
a future tranquility in both) Olave had Man
allotted to him, and Goddard going to his
(hare was (lain in the Lewes's, by which the
whole kingdom of the Ifles devolved upon
Olave, who for the better fecurity thereof
refolved to apply to the court of England;
and in the year 1236, obtained from King
Henry III. letters of fafe conduct for Olave,
King of Man, to come to him, to treat with
him on bufmefs of moment; and being come
to King Henry, he the fame year gave him
his commiffion, with forty marks, one hun-
dred quarters of corn, and five tons of wine,
for his homage and defence of the fea coafls,
as long as he fiiould faithfully perform that
fervice which he enjoyed to the year 1237.
the time of his death, which happened on
the i8th of June, that year in Peel-caftle,
in a good old age, greatly lamented by his
people, as a Prince worthy of better times,
a better kingdom and better i'ubjefts.
He lies interred in the Abby of Rufhen, and
was fucceeded by his fon Harold.
Harold was then about fourteen years of
age, a youth of great hopes, and rare endow-
ments
ISLE of MAN. 521
menls both of body and mind, but before he
was well fettled in his new government (led
either by the neceiTity of his affairs or a
youthful curiofity) he refolved on a progrefs
through his whole kingdom, which confided
of near three hundred iflands, but difperfed,
and many degrees remote; and for the fecu-
rity and good of the ifland, he appointed
one Logland his coufin to be his lieutenant,
who probably did not execute that truft with
the care and fidelity expected from him, of
which the King being informed, fent the
autumn following, three fons of Noil, viz.
Dufgall, Thorgall, and Malemore, with
his trufty friend one Jofeph, to examine and
confult about his affairs in the ifland, and re-
port the conduct of Logland to him.
Upon this a general meeting was ap-
pointed the twenty fifth day following, at
the Tinwald, their ufual place of affembling
for public affairs; but one fide accufing, and
the other defending, inftead of council and
compofing the differences then fubfifting,
they fell to arms, the (horteft way of end-
ing controversies in thofe days. Dufgall,
Malmore, and Jofeph, . fell in the quarrel,
22 X x x upon
522 The HISTORY oft/if
upon information whereof the King, greatly
incenfed, returned into Man the fpring fol-
lowing, and Logland juftly apprehending
his difpleafure, attempted to fly into Wales,
with Goddard, a younger fon of Olave,
but fuffered (hipwreck in his paflage, with
the young Prince and all his retinue.
The power of the Kings of Norway, to
this time had been the terror of the northern
parts of Europe; but Harold had not paid
the perfonal attendance at that court as
was expected, therefore that King in the
year 1238, fent Jofpatrick, and Giles Chrift,
the fon of Mc'Kerthanck to feize the revenue
of the ifland to his own ufe; but Harold
the year following took a voyage into Nor-
way, where he conduced himfelf with that
prudence and difcretion, that after two
years flay, he was reftored to all the ifles
enjoyed by his anceftors, to him and his
heirs, and fucceflbrs, under the broad feal
of Norway,
Harold now fecure of the inheritance of
his predeceflbrs, in the year 1242, returned
into Man, where he was received with the
univerfal
ISLE of MAN. 523
univerfal applaufe and good wifhes of the
people, which he endeavoured to improve
by all thofe public diverfions which render
youthful Princes agreeable to their fubjefts;
but confidering nothing fecures a lafting
happinefs like peace abroad, he entered into
a ftricT: alliance with the neighbouring Princes
of Scotland and Iceland, and to fecure
himfelf of the good affeclion of the Mo-
narchy of England, he procured letters pa-
tent from Henry III. dated the thirty-firft
of his reign, by which he was permitted to
come into England ; where on his arrival he
was welcomed with all the public compli-
ments due to his character.
The King honoured him with the order
of Knighthood (which in thofe days was ne-
ver conferred, but upon perfons of high
birth and merit) and in all places was
entertained with a generofity natural to the
Englifh nation; and at laft was nobly
prefented by the King. In the fame year
he returned to his own country, where good
fortune was at once fhowering down all the
bleflings of this life upon his head.
X x x 2 He
5 24 The HISTORY of the
He received ah invitation into Norway,
whither he went, attended by Lawrence,
late Arch-deacon, then Bifhop Eleft of
Man, with a numerous train of nobility
and ladies, and was there married to the
King's daughter ; and after a long and noble
entertainment, with all feftivity ufual on
fuch occafions, he returned to Man, but
was unhappily driven upon the Coaft of
Radland, in Wales, where he fufFered {hip-
wreck, and perifhed with his beautiful young
Queen, his Bifhop, and almoft all his nobili-
ty, and the ladies her companions ; a fad
conviction, that the higheft felicities this
world affoHs, are too often but a more fo-
lemn introduction to our ruin, which was
unhappily verified in himfelf, as in his
brother and fucceffor.
Reginald, his brother aflumed the govern-
ment, anno 1249, on ^ e ^ xtn f May, and
the thirtieth of the fame month, was {lain in
the meadows near the Church of the Holy
Trinity, commonly called Kirk Chrift Rufli-
n, with all his party, by a Knight, called
Ivar. Whether the caufe of their quarrel
was love or revenge, is not mentioned, or
whether
ISLE of MAN. 525
whether he had aflumed the government
without the confent of the people, we are
not informed by record, further than that
Reginald left one daughter very young, na-
med Mary; who, in the year 1292, claimed
the Kingdom of the Ifles, and did homage
to our King Edward I. in Perth, or St.
John's Town. And though we do not find
in all the Norwegian line any pretence to a
female fucceflion, yet this gave ground for
a plea, near four hundred years after, in
which fentence was pronounced in favour of
the heirs general of Ferdinand, EARL of
DERBY, againft his brother Earl William,
in the following cafe, wherein queflion was
moved concerning the Ifle of Man, which,
by Queen Elizabeth, was referred to the
Lord Keeper Egerton, and divers Lords of
the Council, and to three of the Judges of
England, who in Trinity Term, fortieth of
Elizabeth, 1598, upon hearing council on
both fides with mature deliberation, refolved
on the five following points, viz.
Firlt, that the Ifle of Man was an ancient
Kingdom of itfelf, and no part of the king-
dom of England.
Secondly,
5 26 The HIS TORY of the
Secondly, they affirmed a cafe reported
by Kelwin, the fourteenth of Henry VIII.
to be law, viz. an office was found, that
Thomas, EARL of DERBY, at his death,
was feized of the Hie of Man in fee ; where-
upon the Countefs his wife, by her council,
moved to have her dowry in the chancery ;
but it was refolved by Brudnel, Brook and
Fitzherbert, Jufttces, and all the King's
Council, that the office was merely void,
becaufe the Ifle of Man was no part of Eng-
land, nor was governed by the laws of this
land, but was like Tourney in Normandy,
or Gafcoine, in France, -when they were in
the King of England's hands, which were
out of the power of chancery, the place to
endow the widows of the King's fubjecls, &c.
Thirdly, it was refolved by them, that the
ftatute of William II. dejovis conditionalibus,
nor the twenty-feventh of Henry VIII. of
ufe; nor the ftatutes of the thirty-fecond
and thirty-fourth of King Henry VIII. or
King William, or any other general Aft of
Parliament, extended to the Ifle of Man,
for the caufes aforefaid ; but by fpecial name
an A61 of Parliament may extend to it.
Fourthly,
ISLE of MAN. 527
Fourthly, it was refolved, that feeing no
office could be found, to entitle the King to
the forfeiture of treufon, that the King
might grant by commiflion under the great
feal, to feize the fame into the King's hands,
c. which being done and returned of re-
cord, is fufficient to bring it into the King's
feizure, poffeffion and charge.
Fifthly, that the King might grant the
fame under the great feal, becaufe he cannot
grant it in any other manner, and herewith
agreeth divers grants under the great feal of
this ifle.
Sixthly, it was refolved that a fee-fimplc
in this ifle, paflmg by the letters patent to
Sir John Stanley and his heirs, is defcendible
to his heirs according to the common law,
for the grant itfelf by letters patent is grant-
ed by the common law in this cafe ; and
therefore, if there be no other impediment,
the ifle in this cafe (hall defcend to the heirs
general, and not to the heirs male, upon
which this affair was afterwards fettled by
Aft of Parliament, as aforefaid.
During
528 Tfie HIS TOR Y of the
During the race of Goddard Growman,
three qualifications Teemed requifite for the
defcent of the government, viz. a male
fucceffion, the confent of the people, and the
approbation of the King of Norway (who
was then acknowledged for their fovereign)
and where any of thefe were wanting, it
generally proved fatal to the prince and
people.
Olave had left a third fon, named Mag-
nus, who probably, was not in the ifland at
his brother's death, fo that Harold, the foil
of Goddard Don, grandfon of Reginald, for
a time ufurped the name of King, and
difpoffefled all the nobility, depending on
the fucceflbrs of Olave, of their employ-
ments and commands ; but the King of Nor-
way Tent for him, and ^ made him prifoner
for his unjuft intrufion ; and in the year
1252, fent Magnus, the lawful heir to the
Ifle of Man, who was chofen King by the
univerfal confent of the people ; but finding
it unfafe to truft to that title only, he the
next year went into Norway, where after
two years attendance, he was declared King
of the Ifles, and the title confirmed to him,
his heirs and fucceflbrs, anno 1254. Thefe
ISLE of MAN. 529
Thefe little Princes had a nice game to
play, as they lay furrounded with fo many
potent dates : the Kings of Norway began
to decline, and the Scottim Kings (from
whom thefe iflands had been taken) to reco-
ver ftrength; fo that during the laft vacancy
they defigned to have recovered thern^ had
not their King died in the midft of the pre-
paration. The Monarchy of England, was
now almoft their only refuge, fo in the year
1256, Magnus refolved on a voyage to that
court, where he was honourably received
by King Henry III. as his brother Harold
had been fome years before, and was knight-
ed by that King ; the greateft compliment
could be paid to ftrangers by our Monarchs
in thofe days of chivalry.
i
In the year 1263, Aquinus, King of Nor-
way, refolved to revenge the affront the
Scotifh nation had defigned againft him*
and accordingly made a defcent upon that
kingdom, but was fo warmly received by
their new King, Alexander (a generous and
aclive Prince) that he was forced to take
ihelter in the Orcades, where he died, at
Kirk wall.
23 Y y y This
530 The HIS TORY of the
This was the laft feeble effort of that na-
tion, which had fpread its arms over all
Europe for five hundred years paft; it hath
given Kings to England, and Sicily. Dukes;
to Normandy, and held the fovereignty of
thole ifles for near two hundred years paft,
but the continual throwing off of fuch vail
numbers of the natives, had fo weakened it-
felf, that fome time after, it became fubjecl.
to the more potent and growing kingdom of
Denmark.
Thus nations have their periods as well as
perfons and families, and the mod enter-
prizing generally deftroy themfelves fooneft,
by their own ambition. The little kingdom
of Man, deprived of the protection of Nor-
way, could not fupport itfelf much longer,
for Magnus dying anno, 1265, * n ^ s caftle
of Rumen, was buried in the abbey church
of St. Mary, which he (mimed and caufed
to be dedicated, and left no child behind
him.
.
He was the ninth and laft of the race
of Goddard Crewman, who for two hundred
years had enjoyed the name of King, though
in
ISLE of MAN. 531
in effeft little better than lieutenant to the
crown of Norway, and their inheritance
became an infenfible addition to the king-
dom of Scotland, which rather took away
an evil than conferred a good, for tho'
the addition of a neighbouring country may
increafe a territory, yet .different laws, in-
tereft and religion, rarely cement themfelves
into a well compacted or united flate.
Y y y 2 THE
THE
CONTINUATION
FROM THE
SCOTCH CONQUEST
To the Settlement under the
HOUSE OF STANLEY.
A LEXANDER, King of Scotland, being
informed of the death of Magnus, be-
gan to feize on the out ifles, as lay mofl
convenient for him, while the affairs of
the little kingdom of Man were wholly
diftrafted; but Magnus, King of Norway,
fon of Aquinus, thinking to apply fome re-
medy to them, fent his chancellor into Scot-
land, with offers to furrender the Ifle of Man
and Bute, on condition he fhould peaceably
enjoy the remainder.
But
ISLE of MAN. 533
But Alexander bravely rejected the offer,
with a proteftation he would win or lofe
them all ; and in purfuance thereof began
to reduce them fingly with fuccefs; but du-
ring his engagement therein, a new com-
motion arofe in the Ifle of Man, which gave
him fome concern and uneafmefs, as inten-
ding to unite the whole kingdom of the Ifles
to that of Scotland, and apprehending little
oppofition from that of Man.
But the Manx Hiftory informs us, that
the widow of the late King Magnus, a wo-
man of a haughty and intriguing fpirit, who
by the death of Reginald had cleared her
own way to the kingdom, and fecretly in
love with a certain knight who had {lain
Reginald, her late hufband's brother named
Ivar, now thought him the fitted perfon to
fupply the vacancy, there being no lawful
fuccefTor, except the daughter of Reginald,
and (he but a child: the danger from Scot-
land feemed prefling, but what will not love
and the temptations of a crown perfuade
men to?
Ivar,
531 The HISTORY of the
Ivar, then in the vigour of his age, gay,
generous and popular; the boldeft, the bra-
veft, and the beft of all the natives ; one that
had virtues enough to fave, and vices enough
to ruin a nation; readily embraced the offer
of his kind friend the widow his miftrefs,
who had entirety forgot all affection as well
as duty and allegiance to her late hufband's
niece and legal fucceflbr the princefs Mary ;
her pride, ambition and afpiring lewd tem-
per, could think of nothing lefs than a crown.
But the child Mary, was fo happy as to
be left under the care and guard of juft,
fmcere and affectionate friends, who whilil
the widow and her tool Ivar were making
their way to the government, took care to
have Mary fecretly conveyed into England,
with all the public deeds and charters, e-
qually fearing the danger (he was in at
home as well as from abroad; but being got
into fafety we will leave her for a while to
attend and wait her good fortune.
In the interim, Ivar, vigoroufly prepares
for the defence of his new kingdom, and
at lead refolves to deferve if not enjoy the
crown,
ISLE of MAN. 535
crown, but the Ifle of Man could do little
fingly with the more potent kingdom of
Scotland, for Alexander having now re-
duced all the out ifles, fends a numerous
army under Alexander Peafley, and John
Commin, who landed at Rannefway, now
Derby-haven, in the year 1270. Ivar
though much inferior in number (as being
deprived of all afliftance from abroad) re-
ceived them with a refolution natural to the
Manx nation, and fought them ftoutly, and
as bravely fell with the expiring liberty of
his country, and with him five hundred and
thirty feven of the flower of the people.
Thus the Kingdom of the Ifles was wholly
reduced, in which the King of Scotland had
fpent four years, viz. from 1266, to 1270.
The King of Norway, now feeing thefe
Kingdoms loft, fent his Chancellor a fecond
time, either to redeem it or compound for
a tribute ; the firft was abfolutely rejected,
but to end farther difputes, a peace was con-
cluded under fcveral articles; of which the
payment of four thoufand marks ready mo-
ney, and one hundred pounds by way of tri-
bute, were the principal, and no notice ta-
ken
536 The HISTORY of the
ken of Mary, the child, nor her right, though
laft of the family of Goddard Crowman,
which had held the government two hundred
years, and were now fucceeded by Alexan-
der, King of Scotland, who enjoyed it by
a mixt title of arms and purchafe, and go-
verned by his Thanes or Lieutenants; the firil
of whom was Goddard JMc Manns, tco ho-
ned a man to make a good governor in his
prince's fenfe, who for refufmg to be con-
cerned in the murder of three brethren de-
fcended from the former race, was removed
after he had held this Ration four years.
To him fucceeded Allen, a man that un-
derftood his King's pleafure better than how
to govern his people well. Imperious, cruel,
hard-hearted, inexorable, too much of the
tyrant for the governor, and too little for the
Ibldier; the people till this time had follow-
ed their hereditary Kings with a chearful,
a6tive obedience, by which they were ena-
bled not only to fecure themfelves, but often
to make conquers abroad; but inftead of
the generous firmnefs of their anceflors, were
now degenerated into a fullen and fupine
negligence, and their only fludy was how
they
ISLE of MAN. 537
they might legally difobey; this incrcafed
the Thane's feverity, for the more a 'people
uffer, the more men of brutifh and cruel
fouls infult.
Till at laft grown defperate by their mife-
ries, the natives univerially rofe againft the
Scots nation, with a refolution either to extir-
pate them, or fall to a man themfelves ; but
by the interpofition of their good Bifhop,
they agreed to end the difpute by a combat
of thirty on a fide : the Thane, who had
been the occafion of the quarrel, as he flood
fpeclator of the fight, was preffed to death
by the multitude.
The Ma'nxman loft the day, and all their
thirty combatants fell ; the Scots loft twenty-
five. This laft ftruggle of the manxs nation
made the Scottifh King fenfiblc of his falfe
policy.
He therefore fent over Maurice Okerfair,
a wife and worthy magiftrate, one whofe
prudence made him reverenced in peace, as
his honour did in arms, which rendered him
terrible in war, dreadful to the llubborn,
2Q Z z z tender
538 The HISTORY of the
tender to the poor, and merciful to the af-
flicled: in whom the exaftnefs of the foldier
crave an air and vigour to the laws, and the
finenefs of the gentleman foftened their ri-
gour in execution; by an excellent mixture
of moderation and feverity he made it his
bufmefs to allay the animofities of the two
factions, and fo far fucceeded that he caufed
thirty crofs-marriages to be celebrated in
one day. He held the government three
years, and died in 1282, equally lamented by
both nations, and was fucceeded by one
Brenus, who ptirfued the gentle and mode-
rate principles of his predeceflbr. He taught
the people the art of fiftiing, but was him-
felf unhappily (lain infome rencounter with
the Highlanders in the year 1287, anc ^ was
fucceeded by Donald, a perfon of great
birth and reputation, but how long he had
the government is uncertain, for in the year
1289, King Edward I. gave the Ifle of Man,
&c. to Walter de Huntercomb; for upon the
furrender of the ifland by Richard de Bur-
go, who probably had been entrufted with it
by oneof the competitors of the crown of
Scotland, King Edward, in the eighteenth
year of his reign, committed the -cuftody of
this
ISLE of MAN. 539
this ifland to the aforefaid Vv T alter de Hun-
:ercomb, a very brave and honeft man, who
.he year following, by his mailer's order, fur-
endered it to John Baliol, King of Scotland,
with a falvo, notwithstanding, to King
Edward's right, and that of all other pre-
tenders.
Whether he was ever pofleffed of it doth
not appear, for the Scottiih nation was at
that time greatly embroiled by the factions
Bruce and Baliol, competitors for the crown,
and King Edward chofen as arbitrator of
their differences, and being at Perth, or St.
John's Town, Mary, the lad of the old fa-
mily, and wife of John de Waldeboef,
made her claim, and offered to do her
homage for the Ifle of Man, but was anf-
wered, (he muft claim it of the King of
Scotland who then held it.
It alfo appears by petition to King Ed-
ward I. in parliament, in the thirty-third
year of his reign, that while this ifle was
in the hands of John Baliol, King of Scots,
Mary, the wife of John de Waldeboef, pre-
leruing her right to the Ifle of Man, was
Z z z 2 anfwercd.
540 The HISTORY of the
anfvvered, (he muft profecute it before
the King of Scotland, who then held it
as above, but flic dying in the profecu-
tion, the right defcended to William, her
fon and heir, and from him to John, his
fon, and from him to Mary his daughter,
who furvived her brother, and then claimed
the Ifle of Man, as true and lawful heir,
and was anfwered, let it be heard in the
King's bench, and juflice done.
In the thirty-fifth ot the aforefaid Prince s
reign, there is a memorable record extant,
in Mr. Prinn, of our King's right, and
feizure of the Ifle of Man, for his own ufe,
upon the difpoflefling of Henry Bello
Monte, the cuilody whereof was granted
to Gilbert de Makafkall during pleafure,
who had expended one thoufand two hun-
dred and fifteen pounds, three (hillings, and
four-pence, in defence of it againfl the
Scots; and likewife laid out three hundred
and eighty pounds fevcnteen {hillings and
lixpence in vicluals, which delivering to the
Governor of the caftle of Carlifle, to viclual
it againfl the Scots, both the fums were
allowed
ISLE cf MAN. 541
allowed him upon his petition, and ordered
to be paid.
King Edward I. foon after dying, was
fucceeded by his Ton, 'the fecond of that
name. This fickle Prince made no lefs
than three grants in one year, to fo many
of his favourites, viz. Percy de Gavefton,
Gilbert de Mc'Gafcall, and Henricus de
Bello Monte, the grant to the laft is to
be feen at large in Mr. Challoner. Thefe
uncommon proceedings put the ifland in
great diforder and confufion, which gave
King Robert Bruce, an opportunity of
ending all controverfies, by aflerting the
right of the crown of Scotland; and in the
year 1313, fat down before the caftle of
Rufnen, which for fix months was obfti-
nately defended by one Dingay Dowill,
though in whofe name we do not find; but
not long after, it was granted to Robert
Randolph, Earl of Murray, during whofe
government in the year 1316, Richard
Le'Mandeville,. with a numerous train of
Irifti, landed at Ranncfway (now Derby-
haven) demanding victuals and money,
which being denied them, they divided
themfelves
542 The HISTORY of the
themfelves into two troops, and under the
hill Warefield, now Borrowl, found the
natives drawn up, but their fpirits fo de-
jefted by their lofs of liberty, invafions,
depredations, and frequent change of maf-
ters, that they made little or no refiftance.
The conquerors grievoufly fpoiled the
whole ifland and abbey of Rumen, and af-
ter a month's flay, returned into Ireland;
after this the Scotch writers tell us of a
grant to the Duke of Albany, the year un-
certain; and laftly, to Martholine, the King's
almoner, who was fent over to take care of
religion, and the reformation of manners
then wholly degenerate there.
He wrote againft witchcraft (a practice
too frequent in that place in thofe days)
and for the better circulation of bufmefs.
He is faid to have minted a certain copper
coin with the King's effigies on the one fide,
and a crofs on the other fide, with this in-
fcription, Crux eft Ckrijtiauorum Gloria.
The Crofs of Chrift, is the Glory of Chrif-
tians. To fay truth, we have fo little cer-
tainty of thofe times, that we rather ex-
pofc
ISLE cf MAN. 543
pole their ignorance than inform ourfelves ;
only this is certain on all hands, that in the
year 1340, and in the feventh of Edward II.
this ifland was retaken by the Scots, and
John de Ergarda, at that time a potent
and eminent man in this ifle, and his family
were driven from thence, after great lofles
fuftained, into Ireland. Whereupon the
King upon his application writ to his Juftice
Chancellor and Treafurer of Ireland, to al-
low him a competent maintenance for his
brave endeavours to ferve him; who after
having refremed himfelf and collected his
friends together with what forces he could
poffibly raife, returned to the ifland, expel-
led the Scots, and reftored the King's autho-
rity ; upon which the King again writ to his
officers in Ireland, to allow him a competent
maintenance for himfelf, his family, and fol-
diers ; Anno Octavo Regnifai' brave aclions
merit agreeable rewards, inftanced in the
loyalty, duty and integrity of the above gen-
tleman, and the juilice and generofity of the
prince in return thereof:
We come next to Mary, the lafl of the fa-
mily of Goddard Crewman, whom we left
attending
544 I he HIS TORY of the
attending her fortune at London, where (he
married John de Waldeboef, a gentleman of
eminent nore r.r,:i figure, by whom (he- left
a fvin n i rrf, who entered l-'s claim
in Parliament, in the thrrty-ihir : ard
I. but died before any t! deiermined
and left a d v. This lady coming
to England with her grandmothers deeds
and charter crirlfat of King
Edward III. imploring his Majefty's afT.ft-
ance. That generous Prince not only gave
her his projection, but married her to Sir
ontacute, whom Mr. Speed (Hies
the chief ilar in the firmament of England ;
for he was magnanimous, affable, active, and
generous even to a fault ; his merits had
acquired him the eiteem of the greateft of
our Enghlh monarchs.
The King gave him both foldiers and (hip-
ping to profecute his lady's right, which he
did fo iucceisfully, that in a fhort time he
recovered the ifland from the Scottifti Go-
vernment ; and the Mank's Hiftory fays, that
excellent Prince caufed him to be crowned,
and fliled King of Man, anno 1344, accord-
ing to Daniel and Stow.
But
ISLE of MAN. 545
But'as the gaining a man's right often cofls
him more than it is worth, he had con-
tracled To great a debt, that he was obliged
to mortgage the illand, to Anthony Beck,
Bifhop of Durham, for feven years. This
Bifhop was ftiled Patriarch of Jerufalem, a
proud, bufy, crafty, covetous prelate, . of
little good nature, but abundance of grace;
and as ufurpers generally gripe hard when
they have got pofleflion, fo he obtained a
fecond grant thereof, from Richard II. for
his life, after whofe deceafe the ifland de-
volved upon William Montacute, Earl of
Salifbury, the defcendant of the above
William, who in the year 1393, fold it to
Sir William Scroop, chamberlain to the
King, as appears by record, viz. Wilheimus
ie Scroop emit de Domino. IVilltelmo Mon~
tauto infulam eubonice eft Mannice, eft nempc,
jus ipfus infulce ut quifquis illus Jit Domi-
nus Rex vocetnr ni etiam fas, eft Corona
aurca Coronari.
This Sir William Scroop, afterwards Earl
of Wiltfhire, is faid to have had all the
vices of a great ftatefman, fubtle, fawning,
falfe, defigning, timorous and unjuft, cove-
23 4 A tous
54 6 The HIS TORY of the
tous and ambitious; and to fupport his
own authority, mi fled a weak Prince into
a feparate intereft from his people, which
in the end proved the ruin of thenn both;
f'r the nobility, not able to bear his info-
lence and ill ufage, role againft the King,
though unfuccefsfully, among whom the
great Earl of Warwick, a true maintainer
of Englifh liberty, was banifhed to the Kle
of Man, but foon after recalled.
For the Duke of La-ncafter (afterwards
King Henry IV) landing in England, was
univerfally received by ttfe nobility and
people, and Sir William/ Scroop, Earl of
Wiltfhire, had his head/ftruck off without
any formal procefs, fiir mifg6verning the
King and kingdom; /and the Ifle of Man
was granted by King Henry IV. to Henry
Piercy, Earl of Northumberland, upon con-
dition he fhould carry 'the Lancafter fword
(with which the King was girt when he en-
tered England) on his left fhoulder at his
own coronation, and his fucceflbrs the
Kings of England for ever.
This
m
ISLE of MAN. 547
This Earl was a hot, enterprizing, haughty
and ambitious man, a zealous aflfertor of
the power of the nobility, for which he
fell under an attainder, but was foon
after reftored to all his lands and honours,
the Ifle of Man only excepted, which he
was deprived of by A61 of Parliament, and
the Ifle of Man at firft was ordered to be
feized by Sir John Stanley and Sir Wil-
liam Stanley, for the King's ufe only.
But in the fixth of Henry IV. the King
made a grant thereof to Sir John Stanley
for life, in the^month of October; and on
the fixth of m& enfuing April, Sir John
Stanley d^liy&ecNup the faid grant to be
cancelled \ in ahanVery; and the King in
confideration^-of I th\ faid furrender, and
other valuable ckufe\ and conceffions by
Sir John Stanley \as before, regranted the
faid ifland to him, his .heirs and fucceflbrs,
with the Caftle and\eel of Man, and all
royalties regalities, franchifes, &c. with
the patronage of the bifliopric, in as full
and ample a manner, as it had been granted
to any former Lord, to be held of the
crown of England.^r hmiagium Icgium,
4 A 2 paying
547 The HIS TORY of the
paying unto the King a caft of Falcons
at their coronation, after fuch homage made,
in lieu of all demands, cufloms, &c. what-
foever. Anno 1406.
In the reign of his late Majefty, George I.
the Parliament, taking into confideration the
injury that was done to the revenue, by
the peculiar fituation of the Ifle of Man,
for running foreign goods into this king-
dom (which could no way be avoided, as it
was a private property, and governed by
particular laws of its own) propofed to the
Duke of Athol, the proprietor thereof, by
right of marriage into the Stanley Family,
to deliver it into the hands of the govern-
ment, for a ftipulated fum, fuppofed to be
equivalent to its value. But the Duke,
unwilling to alienate fb large a property of
his family, and which had been enjoyed
with fo much dignity by his anceftors, ufed
all his endeavours to flop fuch a propofal,
and exerted all his intereft to fupprefs the
profecution thereof; accordingly for fome
time the affair was fufpended; but the abu-
fes appearing more and more flagrant, and
the injury every day increafing, in fpite of
the
ISLE of MAN. 549
the power of Acls of Parliament to fup~
prefs it, the Parliament pafled an A61,
impowering certain perfons to treat with
the Duke for the purchafe thereof, which
after feveral delays, was determined, upon
condition of the government's paying, at
a ftipulated time, the fum of 70,000!. for
the ufe of the then prefent Duke and
Duchefs of Athol, or their heirs, or the
heirs of either of them. In the year 1765,
the time fixed, the money being lodged in
the Bank of England, purfuant to the
agreement, as above, the following procla-
mation appeared in the Gazette, which
finally determined this great and impor-
tant affair.
Bt
BY THE KING,
A PROCLAMATION,
For continuing Officers in the ISLE OF MAN.
GEORGE R.
T7I7HEREAS by an Aft made in the
laft Seflion of Parliament, intituled,
" An Aft for carrying into execution a
contraft made, purfuant to the Aft of Par-
liament of the twelfth of his late Majefty
King George the Firft, between the Com-
miflioners of his Majefty's Treafury, and
the Duke and Duchdj of Athol, the pro-
prietors of the I$e of Man, and their
truftees, for the purchafe of the faid ifland
and its dependencies, under certain excep-
tions therein particularly mentioned." It is
enafted, That from and immediately after
the payment into the Bank of England,
by us, our heirs or fucceflbrs, in the names
of John Duke of Athol, and Charlotte
Duchefs
ISLE of MAN.
Duchefs of Athol his wife, Baronefs Strange,
Sir Charles Frederick, Knight of the mofl ho-
nourable Order of the Bath, and Edmund
Hofkins, Efq. or the furvivors or furvivor of
them, of the fum of feventy thoufand pounds,
on or before the firft day of June, in the
year of our Lord one thoufand feven hun-
hundred and fixty-five, the Ifland, Caflle,
Peel, and Lordfhip of the Ifle of Man, and
all the Iflands and Lordfhips to the faid
Ifland of Man appertaining, together with
the royalties, regalities, franchifes, liberties
and fea ports to the fame belonging, and all
other the hereditaments, and premifes there-
in particularly defcribed and mentioned (ex-
cept as therein is exceptedj fhould be, and
they were thereby unalienably veiled in us,
our heirs and fuccefTors, freed and difcharg-
ed and abfolutely acquitted, exempted and
indemnified, of, from and againft all eftates,
ufes, trufts, entails, reverfions, remainders,
limitations, charges, incumbrances, titles,
claims and demands whatfoever: and where-
as we have caufed to be paid into the faid
Bank of England, in the names of the faid
Duke and Duchefs of Athol, Sir Charles
Frederick and Edmund Hofkins/ the faid
fum
/ *.
552 The HISTORY of the
fum of feventy thoufand pounds, on the fe-
venteenth day of May laft pad; whereby,
and by virtue of the faid A6t of Parliament,
the immediate care of our faid idand, and of
our loving fubjects therein, is now devolved
upon us. And whereas by our commiffion,
bearing even date with thefe prefent, we
have conihtuted and appointed our trufly
and well-beloved John Wood, Efq. to be
our Governor in Chief, and Captain-gene-
ral, in and over our faid Ifland, Peel and
Lordfhip of Man, and all the ifiands, forts,
caftl.es and lordfhips thereunto appertain-
ing. We, being defirous to provide for the
due and regular adminiftration of juftice
within our faid Ifland of Man, and the ter-
ritories and dependencies to the fame apper-
taining, and to fecure the peace and good
order thereof, and to promote, to the utmoft
of our power, the happinefs and profperity
of all our loving fubjecls refiding within the
fame, have thought fit, with the advice of
our Privy-council, to ifTue this our Royal
Proclamation, hereby ftri&ly commanding
and requiring all manner of perfons what-
foever, to pay due regard and obedience to
the faid Acl: of Parliament, and our faid
Royal
ISLE of MAN. 553
Royal CommhTion, and chearfully and du-
tifully to fubmit themfelves to our faid Go-
vernor fo appointed by us as aforefaid, and
to be aiding and affifting to him, and all
other our magiftrates and officers, in the
lawful difcharge of their authorities, to them .
committed and intruiled, as they will anfwer
the contrary at their perils. And our will
and pleafure is, that all officers and minifters
who now are, or at the time of the publica-
tion of this our Royal Proclamation with-
in the Adminiftration of Juftice within our
Ifland of Man, (hall be concerned in
our Ifland aforefaid, and particularly our
Clerk of the Rolls, Attorney-general and
two Deemfters, and all other perfons what-
foever, who, at the times aforefaid, are or
(hall be duly and lawfully poffefled of, or
inverted in, any civil employment (except
only the officers appointed and employed
by the late proprietors of our Ifland of Man,
in collecting and receiving the revenues arif-
ing within our faid ifland, and the territories
and dependencies of the fame) (hall from
henceforth hold their refpeclive offices, places
and employments of, from, and under us,
our heirs and fucceflbrs, and (hall continue
2 } 4 3 in
55 4 The HISTORY of the
in the exercife thereof, and fhall enjoy the
fame, with fuch fabrics, ^fees, profits and
emoluments, as have hitherto belonged to
the fame refpeclively, until our royal plea-
fure in this behalf mall be further known :
and we do ftri&ly command and enjoin all
and every the faid perfons, of whatfoever
rank, condition, or degree, to proceed in the
execution of their faid refpeftive offices, and
to perform all the duties thereunto belong-
ing, upon pain of our higheft difpleafure:
and we do further charge and command all
and every our faid magiftrates, officers, and
minulers, and all perfons whatfoever, who
(hall hold any office, place or employment,
ecclefiaftical, civil, or military, within our
faid Kland of Man, and the territories and
dependencies of the fame; that within the
fpace of one calendar month from and after
the publication of this our proclamation with-
in our (aid ifland, they do take the oaths ap-
pointed to be taken by an Ad of Parliament
paffed in the firft year of the reign of his
late Majefly King George the firft, intituled,
" An A61 for the further Security of his
Majefty's Perfon and Government, and the
Succeflion of the Crown in the heirs of the
late
ISLE of MAN. 555
late ,Princefs Sophia, being Proteflants; and
for extinguishing the hopes of the pretend-
ed Prince of Wales, and his open abettors."
And alfo make and fubfcribe the declaration
mentioned in an Aft of Parliament made
in the twenty-fifth year of the reign of King
Charles the Second, intituled, " An Aft for
preventing dangers which may happen from
Popifh Recufants," in the prefence of our
faid Governor, his Lieutenant or Deputy,
or in the fuperior court or courts of record
in our faid ifland, upon pain of our higheft
difpleafure, and as they will anfwer the
contrary at their utmoft peril. And our
will and pleafure further is, that all jurif-
diftions and authorities whatfoever, which
were heretofore carried oil and exercifed
in the name of the Lord of our faid
Ifland of Man for the time being, or of
any other perfon or perfons whatfoever,
and which are now vefted in us, our heirs,
and fucceflbrs, by virtue of the faid Aft
of Parliament, (hall be henceforth carried
on and exercifed in the name of us, our
heirs, and fucceflbrs only. And that all
writs, precepts, procefles, orders, injunc-
tions, and all other forms of law and
462 juftice,
556 The HISTORY of the
juftice, and all afts of ftate and policy,
for the due ordering and government of
our faid ifland, and the territories and
dependencies thereunto belonging, (hall be
ifTued and executed in the name, and by
the authority of us, our heirs, or fuc-
ceflbrs, or our governor or lieutenant,
or deputy governor, for the time being,
appointed or to be appointed by us, our
heirs and fucceflbrs, and in no other
name, and by no other authority what-
foever. And we do hereby ftri&ly com-
mand and enjoin our faid governor, and
all other our magistrates and officers, with-
in our faid ifland, and the territories and
dependencies to the faid belonging, to fee
this our Royal Proclamation duly carried
into execution; and to caufe the fame to
be publicly read in all principal towns of
the faid ifland, between the of hours eleven
in the morning, and two in the afternoon;
and printed copies thereof to be affixed in the
mod public places of the fame, and to be
diftributed to all the Minifters of churches,
chapels, and other places of religious
worfhip, within our faid ifland, and the
territories and dependencies thereunto be-
longing.
ISLE of MAN. 557
longing. And we do hereby laflly charge
and command all Minifters of churches,
chapels, and other places of religious
worfhip aforefaid, publicly to read this our
Royal Proclamation therein, on the next
Lord's Day after they (hall receive the
fame, during the time of divine fervice,
immediately before the homily or fervice,
upon pain of our higheft difpleafure.
Given at our court* at St. James's, the
twenty -firft day of June, 1765, in the
fifth year of our reign.
God fave the King.
A TGPO-
A
TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION
OF THE
ISLE OF MAN.
HPHE moil general divifion of this iflc
is in the north and fouth, each of
which has its caftle, deemfler or judge,
and vicar-general, and both are fubdivided
into feventeen parts or parifhes, diflinguifhed
by the name of Kirks; and Saints to whom
they were in old time dedicated, viz.
Kirk-Chrift, of Rufhen.
Kirk-Harbery, dedicated to St. Colum-
bus.
Kirk-Melue, dedicated to St. Lapus.
Kirk-Santon.
Kirk-Bradon, which fignifies a Salmon
in the Manx language,
Kirk-Marcom.
Kirk-
ISLE of MAN. 559
Kirk-Concan, dedicated to St. Conca,
mother to St. Patrick.
Kirk-Cannon.
Kirk-Maughald.
Kirk-Chrift, of Ayre.
Kirk-Bridge or Briget, a Parfonage.
Kirk-Andrew, the Archdeaconry.
Jorby, or St. Patrick, of Jorby.
Ballough, a Parfonage.
Kirk-Michael.
Kirk-German.
Kirk-Patrick, of Peel.
Their parifhcs are again divided into Shead-
ings, as the people call them, viz. the Shead-
ings of Kirk-Chrift, Ruflien, the Middle
Sheading, the Sheadings of Garf and Glen-
faba, Michael and Ayre Sheadings, each of
which has its coroner, as the parifhes have
every one a captain and minifter, and every
fort its conftable, having three parifhes in
every Sheading, but that of Glanfaba,
which has but two parifhes in it. The ifland
was formerly more populous than it is now.
At prefent there are but four principal
towns, viz.
I. Ruflien,
560 The HISTORY of the
I. Rufhen, the chief town, fituate on the
north-fide of the ifle, and from a caftle and
garrifon in it, commonly called by the
Englifh, Caftle-town. It is the ufual refi-
dence of the governor, and hath a market
and fort, but is under no fpecial officers,
as a Mayor, Aldermen, &c. as corpora-
tions are, but offenders are apprehended
and brought to juftice by the officers of
the fort, or conftables, as in all other
towns and parifties. The caftle is a
noble piece of antiquity, faid to be built
by Gutred, the fecond of their Orrys's,
grandfon of the King of Denmark. At
the foot of the caftle is a creek, where
(hips fometimes venture in, not without
danger; but about a mile diftant is a good
harbour, called Derby-haven, fecured by
a fort, built by the late EARL OF DERBY.
Pope Gregory IV. or rather St. Patrick,
who came into the ifle, erecled an epifco-
pal fee here by the name of Epifcopal Se-
dorenfis, and his jurifdiclion was extended
to all the Hebrides; but now it is limited
to this ifland. The Biftiop was formerly
reckoned a Baron, but never fat in the
houfe of Peers, becaufe he held of a fub-
II. Douglas, fituate on the eaft fide of
the ifle, the mod populous town, and the
mod fpacious and beft haven in the ifle,
the mouth of which is fecured fo well by a
fort, that there is not any attempting ei-
ther the town or harbour from the fea.
In times of peace it is much frequented by
French and other foreigners, who come
hither with bay-falt, wine and brandy, and
buy up coarfe wool, leather, and fait beef,
to carry home; by which means this town
is become the richeft in the ifle, and has
a good market.
III. Ramfey, hath alfo a good haven, de-
fended by a block-houfe, built by the late
Earl.
IV. Peel or Pile, anciently called Holm-
town, hath a fort, erefted in a fmall ifle,
and defended with a ftrong garrifon, which
fecures the harbour. The caflle, has a
platform round it, well fecured with can-
24 4 C - non.
562 The HIS TORY of the
non. In it (lands the ancient cathedral,
dedicated to St. German, the firit Bifliop,
and repaired by the EARLS of DERBY, as
alfo a ruined church dedicated to St. Pa-
trick, their apoftle. Within this circuit is
the Lord's houfe, fome ruinous lodgings
of the Bifhops, and other noble remains
of antiquity.
There are forre other towns of lefTer
note, but remarkable for fome particulars,
as,
Balacuri, on the fouth fide of the ifle,
where the Bifhop generally refides.
Laxy, which has the largefl haven of
any town in the ifle.
This- ifle is compared with huge rocks
round about.
The air is fharp and cold in winter, and
on the fouth weft fide it lies open to the
chops of the channel, and fo is liable to
a fait vapour, which fometimes has bad
effefts, but generally is very wholefome to
live
ISLE of MAN. 563
live in, having no damps or venomous
vapours arifing out of the earth. They
have fbme froft, but fliort and feldom.
The * foil in the north parts is very
healthy fandy, and gravelly, and the north-
eail has a large trat of meadow called
Curragh, which was formerly under water,
but is now drained and well improved;
but in the fouth there are good meadows
and paflures.
All parts of the ifle produce {lore of
wheat, barley, rye and oats, of late, fmce
they have learned the art of liming their
lands, and manuring them with fea-weeds;
and fome places have plenty of honey,
flax and hemp, and export yearly fome
fifh-oil.
Towards the middle it is mountainous,
and the higheft hill called Sceafell, yields
a profpecl: into England, Scotland and
Ireland, in a clear day.
4 C 2 They
564 . The HIS TO R Y of the
They have cattle of all forts, but their
meat and horfes are fmall and poor, yet
endure a great deal of labour.
Thein (heep thrive well, are fat, and
well tailed, and their wool is very good,
efpecially that which they call Laughton-
wool, which when carefully drefled, makes
a cloth near an hair-colour, which is one
of the greatefl natural rarities of the coun-
try.
They have plenty of goats and hogs
of the ordinary fize, befides a fmall kind
which live wild in the mountains, called
Purs, whic?i are admirable meat, and fome
red deer in the mountains; but they be-
longed, before the late ceffion to the go-
vernment, to the Lord of the ifle, the EARL
of DERBY, who had lately ftocked the
Calf, a pleafant ifle adjoining, with fallow
deer, and made it a beautiful park.
Their hares are fatter here than in any
other country, and they want not otters.
badgers, or foxes.
Fowls
ISLE of MA 565
Fowls alfo of feveral kinds are found
here, as hawks, which in King Henry i
IV. s time, were in fuch efteem, that Sir
John Stanley, the firft KING of MAX, in
his patent, was obliged, in lieu of other
fervices, to prefent that King and his fuc-
ceflbrs, upon the day of their coronation,
with a cail of hawks, geefe, hens, ducks,
falcons, and wild fowl in plenty.
On the fouth fide of the ifle is another
ifland, called the Calf of Man. which is
ftored with a fort of fea-fowl, called Puf-
fins, whofe flefh is unpleafant; but being
pickled, may vie with anchovies or ca-
vear. They breed in holes like rabbits,
and are never to be feen but in the
months of June and July, which are their
times of fitting.
\
There is alfo another kind, called Bar-
nicies, which are a kind of ducks and
drakes, faid to be bred out of rotten
wood, but found upon fearch, to be pro-
duced of eggs as other fowl.
Partridges
5 66 The HISTORY of the
Partridges and farkers will not live
here, nor any venomous creatures propa-
gate their kind.
Here are many fmall rills of frem wa-
ter, and fp rings of a pure pleafant talte.
Here is alfo a pool in the mountainous
parts near Kirk-Chrift, Rufhen, of fo vi-
triolic a quality, that no ducks or geefe
can livefnear it, which probably proceeds
from th^ frequent fpewings of copper
that are difcovered on all fides of thofe
mountains.
They have fea-fifli in abundance, as fal-
mon, ling, cod, haddock, mackarel, ray,
thornback, plaife, but efpecially herrings,
crabs, lobfters, and cockles, but few or no
oyfters; but what they have are very
large.
They have no wood in. the ifle, nor is
there a tree to be feen, though in ior-
mer times there was great plenty, as ap-
pears from Goddard Crewman's hiding
300 men in a wood, and from the church
called
ISLE of MA N. 567
called Kirk-Arbory, which feems to be fo
called from arbor, a tree, as alfo frorn
the timber found in their bogs, and efpecially
in the meadows called Carragh; nor have
they as yet difcovered any fea coal for
firing in their foil, only they have plenty
imported, and, the poorer fort make ufe of
gorze, heath, ling and broom, and coarfe
fort of turf, or peat in digging, when they
often find oaks lying under ground.
They have fome good ftone quarries,
efpecially lime-ftone, on the* fea more, and
the rqcks called Mine-hough, give very
probable figns of other minerals. They
have alfo lately found iron, lead and cop-
per, and there is a great probability of
finding coals.
This ifland feems to have been peopled
from the Hebrides, or weflern ifles of
Scotland, and their language is a kind
of Scotch and Irifh, mingled with Latin,
Greek and Englifh.
We have a fpecimen of the Manx langu-
age given us in the Lord's prayer, printed
in
568 The HIS TORY of the
in Bifliop Wilfon's Enchiridion, and a col-
lection of the Lord's prayer in above a
hundred languages, printed in the year
The peafents are tall in ftature, of a
dull furly temper, and live in poor huts
made up of {tones and clay, and thatched
with broom.
Their gentry are courteous and affable,
and imitate the Englifh in their carriage,
apparel, and houfe-keeping.
The families of gentlemen named Chrif-
tian and Caunel, are of great antiquity,
and out of them their deemiters or judges
are ufual chofen.
It is almofl certain, that this ifland
was never in the pofledion of the Ro-
mans, and To retained their original fim-
plicity longer than the reft of Britain. .
The original government of this ifland
was a fort of ariftocracy; I had almoft faid
theocracy, under the Druids, admirably
adopted
ISLE of MAN. 569
adopted to the good of mankind, and fo
! with the Prince and Prieft, that
religion and the flaie had but united
All controverfies were ended by an amica-
ble compofition, and the integrity of their
rulers was fuch, that their awards were in-
ftead of laws.
This was the true patriarchal government,
to which virtue, not birth, was the beft title,
and is fuppofed to have continued here till
the end of the 4th century, when, accord-
ing to Mr. Camden, out of Nenaius, this
ifland was conquered by one Bailey, a Scot,
who overturned the antient form 1 of p'overn-
o
ment, and ruled all by his own will, which
force, not reafon, fwayed, till neceflity obli-
ged his fucceflbrs to agree in fome rules
and laws, which were the foundation of their
prefent conilitution.
The laws and ftatutes of this ifland are
fuch, as the Lord C. J. Coke faith, that the
like are not to be found any where elfe.
2 { 4 D They
570 The HISTORY of the
They were governed of old by a Jus
Scriptum, which was committed to the fide-
lity of their deemfters, a certain fort of
judges chofen every year to decide all
controverfies, a cuftom received probably
from the Druids.
'
All poffible care is taken for the fpeedy
execution of juftice.
The government of this ifle hath, ever
fince its conquefl by Bailey, been reputed
monarchial, and was governed by Kings
of their own, who claimed the whole re-
venues of the ifle; and all the inhabitants
were tenants at will to him, but growing
weak in power, were made tributaries to
the Kings of England, Scotland, or Nor-
way. There names are,
Monnan Mc'Lear, fon of the King of
Ulfter, and brother of Fergus King of
Scotland. Him the Manx believe their
founder and legiflator, and have him in
great admiration for his wifdom.
Towards
ISLE of MAN.- 71
Towards the end of his reign, St. Fat-
rick in his fecond voyage to Ireland,
landed here.
The names of his immediate fuccefibrs
are loft, till
Brenus reigned, A. D. 594, who was fuc-
ceeded by
Ferquard, Fiacres, Donald, Gutred, Re-
ginald, Olave, Olain, Allen, Frigall, God-
dard, Macon, or Macutus, Syrric. (A.D.)
Goddard, the fon of Syrric, reigned 1065
Fingul, fon of Goddard, io5S
Goddard, fon of Harold, io56
Lagman, fon of Goddard, 1082
Dopnal, fon of Tade, 1089
Magnus, King of Norway, 1098
Olave, third fon of Goddard, 1102
Goddard, fon of Olave, 1144
Reginald, natural fon of Goddard, 1187
Olave, the lawful fon of Goddard, 1226
Harold, fon of Olave, 1237
Reginald II. his brother, 1249
Magnus II. his brother, 1252
Alexander, King of Scots, . 1260
4 D 2 William
57 2 The HISTORY of the
William Montacute, 1305
Anthony Beck, Bifhop, of Durham, 1306
Pierce Gavefton, 1308
Henry Beaumont,
Thomas Randolph,
Alexander, Duke of Albany,
William Montacute, Earl of Salifbury, 1340
Who fold it to William, Lord Scroop, 1395.
Who forfeiting it by treafon, it fell into
King Henry the IV.'s hands, who gave it
to Henry, Earl of Northumberland.
But he was banifhed four years after, and
being deprived of this ifle; it was giver
to Sir John Stanley, in whole family ii
has continued through many defcents, b\
the ftile and title of LORDS of MAN.
The Duke of Athol, as Lord of Man, wa<
Admiral of the ifle, and had an abfolutc
jurifdiclion over the people and foil, fo thai
he was immediately landlord of every man"*
cftate (fome few Barons only excepted^
and referving his homage to the crown o!
England, no Prince had a more full and am-
ple authority.
H<
ISLE of MAN.
He was fole patron -of the b : Jho:>ric. and
all parfonages and vicara pt three,
which are in the p^uoria^e oi uie Bimop.
He had power to make and repeal laws
by the advice of his deemllers and twenty-
four keys, who mud have had his ap-
probation, or he would rejedt them from
the aflembly.
He had power of holding courts in his
own name, might hang and draw, or par-
don malefadiors, in his own jurifdidtion.
All wrecks, royal fifhing, &c. were by
his regality, with many other preroga-
tives.
The civil policy of their government
was managed by the lieuteriant, who was
the Duke's immediate reprefentative, and
had often been of his family ; with other
inferior officers.
/<
The lieutenant or governor has a power
to call a Tynwald or Parliament, or any
other court, which cannot fit without his
warrant.
574 The HISTORY of the
warrant. He fwears inquelfo, is fole chan-
cellor, and hath the fole military power to
place or difplace officers in garrifons, or
otherwife; and whoever oppofes him in
any place or thing wherein he reprefents
the King, robs him of his horfe or arms,
beats his fervants, or breaks his houfe, is
a traitor. Sometimes there has been a
captain-general, but it was only in fome
extraordinary cafes. The other officers
for the Duke's fervice are
A Receiver-general, or Treafurer of the
ifland, who has the charge of the revenue,
and pays all the falaries of the civil lift,
but is accountable to
The Comptroller, who always fits with
him both on receipts and payments, and is
the auditor of the general accompts.
He fits fole judge in all trials for life in
the garrifon, keeps the records, and enters
the pleas * of the feveral courts, where he is
allowed fees.
The
ISLE of MAN. 575
The Water-bailiff, who is in the nature
of the Admiral of the ifland, and fits judge
in all maratime affairs. He has the care of
the cuftoms, fifhing, wrecks, &c.
The Attorney-general, who fits in all
courts to plead for the King's profit, as fuing
for felons, goods, forfeitures, deodands, &c.
and is to plead the caufes of all widows and
orphans, they giving him two-pence for his
fee.
All the aforefaid officers acl: by commiffion
from the King during pleafure, and upon his
deceafe their power of a6ling expires, in the
abfence whereof, the fword takes place, and
the chief commanding military officer, who
is generally fliled major, takes upon him the
prefervation of the peace of the ifland, by
feizing the caftle and forts, preventing all
tumult 5 ? and diforder, and all perfons from
going off the ifland to the prejudice of the
inhabitants, until the civil power is reflored
and re-eftablifhed by new commiflions from
die fucceeding King.
AJJ
576 I he, HIS TORY of the
All the faid officers were efteemed of the
houPaold or court, and formerly had their
diet in the family, where a conftant table
was kept for them and their attendants: thefe
officers are all by their places, juftices of the
peace, and are in all things to aft for the
King's profit : the King may call them as a
. council to his affiftance" when he thinks pro-
per, or occafion' requires, either for the fer-
vice'of himfelf, or the country.
The deemfters, or judges, are the firft
public magiftrates of the ftate, but were
never part of the h&uflxoJd or family ". they
i * -
fit as judges in all courts either for life or
property; they have always been two, one
for each divifion of the ifle ; they are ftiled
ia the antient court rolls, Jujiiciary Domini
Regis, but whether they have them names
from the old word to deem, judge, or de-
termine, or to doom* fentence, or condemn,
I am not informed, nor can take upon me
to afcertain, but by the advice of the twenty-
four keys, they may in all new and uncom-
mon cafes, declare what the law is, in fuch
.cafes wherein the law is not fully expreft.
Bv
ISLE of MAN. 577
By the ancient law of the ifle it is provid-
ed, that if any perfon accufe the deemflers
of injudice, or mal-adminiitration, he for-
feits life and limb : the fummons or procefs
ufed by them is the fame with the governor,
viz. a flate flone with one or two letters of
their name made upon it, and to counterfeit
or mifapply this procefs, is as highly penal
in their law as the counterfeiting the Lord
Chief Juftices' Warrant is with us.
After the deemfters, the twenty-four keys
are the reprefentatives of the country, and
in fome cafes ferve as the grand inqueft of
the ifle: they are the laft traverfe in all cafes
of common law, are prefent at all trials for
life, and in conjunction with the governor
and officers of the houfhold aforefaid, make
the legislative power of that little nation.
The next officers are the coroners of each
(heading or divifion, who acl: in the nature
of fheriffs, and are fubordinate to the twenty-
four keys.
Every parifli hath likewife an officer called
a moar, which is the Lord's bailiff, and each
2:> 4 E Of
578 The HI STORY of the
of them have a fubordinate officer not worth
.
our notice.
The courts of judicature are ufually twice
in the year, viz. -about May and Mich-
aelmas, the firft are called (heading courts,
and in the nature of our hundred courts, or
courts leet and baron ; thefe are held for
the King's profit, and relate to all breaches
of the peace, and all prefentments are here
made upon any violation of their laws or
public orders.
Immediately after thefe, are held the com-
mon law courts, where all aclions relating
to mens properties are tried. Thefe courts
were formerly held in every (heading dif-
tinftly, but now have proper places ap-
pointed for the holding of them, with all
due regard to the eafe and benefit of the
people.
Next after thefe follows the grand court
or general goal delivery, in which are ma-
naged all trials for life; and perhaps there
is no place in the univerfe where men have
a fairer
ISLE of MAN. 579
a fairer trial, nor where the taking away life
is more tenderly regarded.
In this court the governor prefides,
aflifted by the King's officers, with the
bimop and his clergy.
The deemfters fit as judges with the
twenty-four keys, to advife with in cafe
any new matter arifes; the criminal muft
be firft found guilty of the crime he (lands
charged with by the grand inqueft, and
if the cafe be treafon or murder, the wit-
nefies have a very particular and folemn
oath adminiftered to them, viz. The clerk
who adminifters the oath opens the book
of the gofpel, and the witnefs or evidence
lays his right hand open upon it, then the
clerk, fays to him
By this book of truth, by all the holy
and facred body of the church, by a\
the worderful works and mighty miracles
GOD Almighty wrought in fix days and
feven nights, in heaven above, and earth
beneath, you (hall fpeak the truth, and
fay nothing that is falfe for love or fear,
4 E 2 favour
580 The HIS TORY of the
favour or affeftion, confanguinity or affinity,
or any other confideration whatfoever; fo
may you be helped by the fon of GOD, and by
the contents of this book whereon your hand
now lies ; then the witnefs kifles the book.
After this, a peculiar jury of four out
of every parifh in the ifland is impanneled,
and the prifoner may make his exception
againft fifty-fix and no more, and if his
cafe be felony only, and he fufpefts it
will go hard with him, he may put him-
felf to the King's mercy, and fo evade
the trial and fentence by the court, and
the King by their law, as well as by his
prerogative, grants him his grace in fuch
manner as he thinks proper.
But if he (lands his trial for life, when
the jury come into court, and before they
deliver their verdi6t, the deemfters afk
them, whether the bald pates (the clergy)
may fit, and if the foreman anfwer no,
then the bifhop and clergy withdraw (as
not proper for them to fit or pafs fen-
tence in cafes of blood) and then the
verdict is delivered; and the criminal
found
ISLE of MAN. 581
found guilty, and executed as the court
direts, or if acquitted, difcharged.
There is likewife another court, called
the Debet court, in which all fines are
fet; and there is alfo an exchequer court
which is held as often as the governor
pleafes, or occafion requires; and there is
ajfo a court of chancery, which anciently
was held weekly, but at prefent is kept
monthly, wherein the governor fits fole
chancellor, and may call the King's coun-
cil and the deemfters to advife with, as
he fees proper.
All actions brought in chancery are en-
tered in the comptroller's office, of which
the plaintiff prefents the governor a copy,
who grants his token upon it to fummons
the defendant, who may refufe appearance
for three court days, but on the fourth
he is brought in by a foldier, and the
matter heard, and determined; fo fpeedy
is the juftice of this little government that
it may challenge the world.
The
582 The HISTORY of the
The religion profefled in this ifle is ex-
aftly; the fame with the Church of Eng-
land; but they have not the Bible in
their own language; the rninifters turn the
Englifli tranflation into the Manx language
in reading the leffons.
The Manxmen are very refpeftful to
their clergy, and pay their tithes without
the leaft grudging.
The clergy are generally natives, who
have had their education in the ifle. They
are fober and learned, and are allowed a
competent maintenance of 50 or 6ol. a
year.
The people are fo ftriftly conformable,
that in uniformity they outdo any other
branch of the reformed church.
There where anciently in this ifle, three
monafteries, viz. i. The monaftery of St.
Mary, of Rumen, in Caftletown, which
was the chief, and the burying-place of
the Kings of Man.
It
ISLE of MAN. 583
It was a- goodly fabric, as appears by
the ruins. It confided of an Abbot and
twelve Monks, who had good revenues.
The chapel was the largeft place of GOD'S
worfhip in the ifland except the cathedral.
It was a daughter of Furnefs Abbey, as
were fome other monafteries in this ifle. The
Abbots of it were Barons, held courts for
their temporalities, and tried their own te-
nants.
2. Douglas, a priory for nuns. This houfe
is faid to be built by St. Bridget, and the
Priosgfs was a Baronefs of the ifland. It is
the mod pleafantly fuuated in die ifle.
3. At Brinnaken, an houfe of the friars
minors, a fmall plantation of the ciftertian
order.
The Abbots ailb of St. Bees, of Whit-
tern, in Galloway, and Banchor, in Ireland,
were Barons of Man, becaufe they held
lands in this ifland, upon condition of at-
tending upon the Kings and Lords of it
when required.
Having
584 Tfie HIS TORY of the
Having now with fome pains and per-
plexity of thought, attended and brought
my reader through the obfcure and intricate
biftory, conltitution, civil government, and
antiquities of the little kingdom of MONA,
and corrected and amended what I have
judged error or miftake in former writers on
that fubjecl.
What remains before I conclude, but
that I give the world the ecclefiaftic
hiflory of this kingdom, from its firft
converfion to chriftianity, with the growth,
ftate, and government of the church; its
bifhops, paftors and overfeers, from the
earlieft date, and the moft approved
authorities I have been able to collecl:
from the various writers and hiftories of
thofe ages.
The firft mention I meet with of chrif-
tianity's appearance- in the Ille of Man,
is in Capgrave's Life of Jofeph of Ari-
mathea, wherein he tells us of one Mor-
daius, a King of that ifle, being convert-
ed to chriftianity, about the year of Sal-
vation 63, who had his refidence in a city
called
ISLE of MAN. 585
called Sodora; if this (lory be true (which
I much doubt as hereafter) * Chriftianity
had an early plantation in this iiland,
but it is a matter of wonder to me, that
this c&nverlion of the King mould not
have had a more general influence over
the people, for in all the authors I have
met with, I find no mention of Chriftianity
in this part - for the world of near 400
years after this (lory, . except in another
fuch like account, by He61or Boetius, 'who
relates that one Amphibalus was bifhop
here about the time aforefaid ; but as this
is rejected by moft men of learning,
(except Arch-bifhop Spotwood) I mail with
defference eonfider him, fo far as to give
you his relation from his own words,
book ift. fol. 3d. and then make my re-
marks thereon.
In which book he acquaints us, that
one Cratilinth coming to the crown in the
year 277, made it one of his firfl works to
purge the kingdom of heathenifh fuper-
ilition, and expel the Druids, a fort of
priefts held in thofe days in great repu-
tation ; their manner was, to celebrate
25 4 F their
586 The HISTORY of the
their facrifices and other rites in groves,
with leaves and branches of oak. And
from thence, faith Pliny, they were called
Druids, which doth fignify an Oak.
Csefar in his commentaries, gives us this
further account of them, that befides the
managing of facrifices, which were commit-
ted to them, they were entrufted with the
decifion of controverfies, public and private;
and that fuch as would not (land to their
judgment were interdicted from being pre-
fent at their facrifices and holy rites, which
was taken for a grievous punifhment in thofe
days.
It is likewife teftified of them, that they
were well learned in natural philofophy,
men of moral converfation, and religious,
not fo ignorant and fuperftitious as other
heathen priefts, for they thought there was
one only God, and that it was not lawful to
reprefent him by any image: that the fouls .
of men did not perifli with their bodies, and
that after death men were rewarded accord-
ing to the life they had led upon earth.
They lived likewife in great refpec~l with
all
ISLE of MAN. 587
people, and ruled their affairs with
reat prudence and policy, for being
d by a prefident, who kept his
lence in the Ifle of Man, they once
every year met in that place to take
council together for the better ordering
of their affairs, and conducled matters with
Ib much difcretion, that the faid King
C/atilinth, found it difficult to expel them,
becaufe of the favour they had amongft
the people.
But that which contributed greatly to
the propagation of the gofpel in this ifle,
was the perfecution raifed by Dioclefian,
which at that time prevailed very greatly
in the fouth part of Britain, and bro
many chriftians, both preachers and* pro-
feffors, into the kingdom of Man, who
were all kindly received by King Crati-
linth, and had affigned them by him, lands
and revenues fuflicient for their mainte-
nance.
In this ifle, King Cratilinth creeled a
{lately church to the honour of our Saviour,
which he adorned with all neceffary or-
4 F 2 naments,
5 83 .'I he HISTORY of the
naments, and called it, Sodorenfe Fan:
that is, the Temple of our Saviour; hence
it is (fays the above ftory) that the BiPnops
o. ? Man, are called Sodofenfes Epifcopy.
So long as this ifle remained in the
pofleflion of the Scots, the bifiiops of the
ifles made that church their cathedral,
bat fince their difpofleffion, the Ifle of
Jona, hath been the feat of the bifliops
of the ifles, and continues fo to this day.
In this ifle, Amphibalus (above mentioned)
is faid to have fat firft bifhop, a Britain
born, and a man of excellent piety: he
lived long, preaching carefully the doc-
trine of Chrift, both among the Scots
id Picls, and after many labours taken
^bmoting the chrulian religion, died
peaceably in the faid ifles. Thus far the
learned and good Bifhop Spotwood.
There are fo many improbabilities ; in this
and the ftory before it, that I cannot
omit to obierve fome of them. Firft,
Hector Boetius fays, Amphibalus fled from
the perfecution of Dioclefian, in South
Britain, in the year 280. Whereas Diocle-
fian
I
ISLE of MAN. 589
fian did not obtain the empire till the
year 280, neither did the tenth perfecution
arife till the year 302; and Gildas, and
Polydore Virgil fay exprefsly, that bodx
St. Alban and Amphibalus fuffered martyr-
dom in the year 305, and the general
ftream of all Britifh writers concur in this
martyrdom, neither do any of the Scotch
writers mention Amphibalus, in the life
of Crfctilinth, before Heclor Boetius, and
his followers.
And it is, in my judgment, almoft Jm-
poflible to conceive, that the Manx na-
tion (hould not have preferved fo coii-
fidera,ble a bleffing as the firft conversion
to Chriftianity; befides, all their traditions
are directly againft it, and Matthew P^is
affirms, that the body of Amphibalus,
was found at Radburn, near St. Albans,
in the year 1178, and many other marks
of his martyrdom at Radburn, ftrongly
conclude he died for his religion in Eng-
land, and never fled to the Ifle of Man
to erect a bifhopric, and Fanum Sodo-
renfe; befides, it muft appear fomething
wonderful and furprizing, that no memory
of
590 The HISTORY of the
of Chriftianity, nor ruin of any fuch
church fhould be found, or fo much as
mention made of them at the time of
St. Patrick's landing there, which is enough
to mew there is nothing of truth or cer-
tainty in the abovefaid (lory.
.
Next to thefe accounts already taken
notice of, Mr. Cambden, my Lord Cook,
and Doclor Heylin, all affirm, that the
bifhopric in the Ifle of Man, was ereied
by Pope Gregory IV. a*nno 840, in an
ifland near Caftletown, whereas the hifhop-
ric is fufficiently proved, by the great
Primate of Armagh, to be creeled by
St. Patrick, about the year 447, as here-
after, and the place itfelf (hews there is
no* fuch ifland near Caftletown.
And herewith all the ecclefiaftical wri-
ters of any credit in thofe ages agree,
that St. Patrick (alias Patricius) was the
firft that planted the Chriftian Religion in
the Ifle of Man, and fince their ancient,
authentic, and national tradition concurs
therewith, I cannot but allow him to be
truly
ISLE of MAN. 59 i
truly the apoftle of the Manx nation, as
well as for the reafon following.
Firft, If I remember my reading, I have
met with it in the curious Eflays of the
great and learned Lord Montaigne, who
lived about the time of Pope Gregory IV.
or not long after. This Pope was faid
to be a perfon of great learning, piety,
and virtue, and a zealous" promoter of the
Chriftian Faith, by which he obtained the
epithet of Great; who walking on a time
through the market-place of Rome, efpied
a number of beautiful captive children
fitting there to be fold, which induced
his compaflion as well as curiofity to go
up to them, and enquire of thofe that
fold them what country they were of, and
being told they were Britons, he then
afked if they were Chrillians, and was an-
fwered no. Upon which he faid, it was
great pity that fuch angelical faces moujd
not be made Chriftians.
In confequence whereof, hg ri foon , after
fent St\ Patrick, with twenty more afii-
flantSj to preach the gofpel, and convert to
Chriftianity
592 The HIS TORY of the
Chriftianity the people of Scotland and Irc^
land ; for it does not appear he came into
Ireland till the year 441, and Auftin the
Monk had been fent into England before
him by the fame pope.
St. Patrick with his company, having
landed in Nocth Britain, met with great
fuccefs in their miftion ; upon which St.
Patrick, leaving St. Andrew and other learn-
ed preachers to purfue the great work of
propagating Chriftianity there, pafied over
to Ireland,, where he found the harvefl 'great,
but the labourers too few ; whereupon he
returned to North Britain in the year 444 ;
and collecting together fome of his former
afliftants, with fome new converts of learn-
ed and religious perfons, to the number of
-thirty, he came with them through the North
of England, to take (hipping at Liverpool,
for the fouth of Ireland, and on his ap-
proach near that town, the people came out
to receive him, and creeled a crofs in ho-
nour and memory thereof, and called it by
his name, which it bears to this day.
St
ISLE of MAN.
St. Patrick and his company having reft-
exl and refreshed themfelves a while at Li-
verpool, took (hipping for Dublin, but in his
paflage put into the Ifle of Man, where he
found the people, efpecially the rulers, given
to magic; but being overcome and convin-
ced by his preaching and miracles, they were
cither converted or expelled the ifland.
St. Patrick and his company going for
Ireland, anno 447, left one Germanus, a
holy, and prudent man (adregendum ?
erudiendum populum in fide Clirifti, fays
Jocelinus) which for the honour of the
Mank's nation, was fixty-nine years anci-
enter than Bangor, in Wales, which was the
firft bifhopric we read of among the Bri-
tains, and 114 years before Auftin the Monk
introduced the Liturgy of the Lateran, and
thereby fo abfolutely fettled the bufmefs of
religion, that the ifland never afterwards
relapfed.
Germanus died before St. Patrick, who
fent two bifhops to fupply his place, Con-
indrius and Romulus, of whom we have
little memorable, but that one or both of
25 4 G , them
594 The HISTORY of the
them furvived St. Patrick, to the year 494,]
being five years, when one St. Maughold'
was elecled bifhop by the univerfal fun
of the Manks nation ; but by whom con-
fecrated is very uncertain, as alfo his fuc- j
cefTors for fome ages, which I mail fludiouf-
ly omit, and only acquairit my reader that
one St. Columbus is acknowledged by all
w r riters to be the founder of the abbey of
Hye, in the Ifland of Jona, which mona-
ftry was the cathedral of the bifhops of the
Ifles, who were from that time ftiled (Epif-
copus Sodorenfis) from a village called
Sodor, adjoining to the faid monaftry.
*
But after the Ifle of Man was made the
feat of the Norwegian race, the bifhop-
rics were united, with the title of Sodor
and Man, and To continued, till conquered
by the Englifh, fince which the bifliop of
Man keeps his claim, and the Scotch
bifhop ftiles himfelf Bifhop of the Ifles,
anciently, Epifcopus lufularum Sedtrtnfium.
I could here enlarge pretty much on
the fucceflion of the bimops of this ifle,
from the time of St. Maughold, yet as
it
ISLE of MAN. 595
<s not certainly known who they were,
in what order they fat, I (hall pur-
Dofely omit them, and content my felt with
giving you a lift of their fucceffion from
be time of Goddard Crowman, the firft
[ have before taken notice of, and
aclude my hiftory of Man both civil
xlefiaftical, and with the greateft cer-
:hat I have been able to collect from
-1" writers on this fubje6l.
fe
4 G 2 THE
THE
SUCCESSION
OF THE
BISHOPS OF MAN.
TTOW long St. Maughold fat bifhop we
do not find, only Dr. Heylin fays, he
was bifhop anno 578, of which we have no
other certainty, nor of a fucceflbr till the
year 600.
Whofe name was Coranus, tutor to the
three fons of Eugenius, the fourth King of
Scotland (as Bifhop Spotfwood informs us)
after him the fucceffion appears wholly bro-
ken till the eleventh century, yet during
this long vacancy many errors arofe, and
many miflakes were advanced concerning
it, which moft of our Englifh writers have
fallen into without any good ground in
hiftory, fave that the bifhopric of the ifles,
had
ISLE of MAN. 597
had its beginning about that time, viz.
in the year 840.
In a very ancient manufcript by the
Reverend Mr. Henry Jones, nephew to
the right Rev. Dr. Fell, Bifhop of Ox-
ford, we meet with an exact fucceffion for
above 200 years, which in the opinion of
the learned, was extracted from the roll of
the ancient abbey of Rumen, in the Ifle
of Man.
This manufcript by way of introduction
informs us, that though they had a tra-
ditional fucceffion of bidiops from the time
of St. Maughold, yet they were not cer-
tainly known, therefore it was thought
proper to omit them, and begin from the
time of King Goddard Crowman, as be-
fore propofed.
In whofe reign we meet with one Ha-
mundus, by fome written Vermundus,
bifhop of Man, and probably was the firft
bifhop ftiled of Sodor and Man. He
was the fon of Jole, a Manxman. Mat-
thew Paris fays he died in the year 1151.
It
598 The HISTORY of the
It is not certain by whom he was con-
fecrated, nor his fucceffor, who was one
,
Gamaliel, an Englifliman, who lies buried
at Peterborough, in Northamptonfhire ; and
was fucceeded by Reginald, a 'Norwegian ;
to him the thirds of all the livings in
the iQand were granted by the clergy,
that from thence-forward they might be
freed from all epifcopal exactions. It is
probable that he was the firft bifhop that
was confecrated by the archbifhop of
Drontheim, in Norway. His fucceflbr was
one Chriftian, a native of the ifle, who
lies buried in the monaftry of Ban-chor,
in Ireland; to him fucceeded,
Michael, a Manxman, a perfon of great
merit and exemplary life. He died in a
good old age, and was honourably buried
(aputj, Fontanus) in the year 1203. To him
fucceeded,
Nicholas de Melfa, Abbot of Furnefs,
he lies buried in the abbey of Bangor.
After
ISLE of MAN. 599
After him Reginald, a perfon of royal
extraction, lifter's fon to good King Olave,
was confecrated bifhop in the year 1216;
who though he laboured under great in-
firmities of body, yet governed his church
with prudence and refolution; at laft, with
an exemplary refignation, he yielded up his
foul into the hands of his Creator. He
lies buried in the abfyey of Rumen. And
was fucceeded by
John, the (on of Hefare/ who by the
negligence of his fervants was burnt, (apud
Jerevas) in Anglia. After him one
Simond, a perfon of great difcretion and
learned in the Holy Scriptures, governed
the church with prudence and piety. He
held a fynod in the year 1239, in which
thirteen canons were excepted, moft of them
relating to the probate of wills, the clergy's
dues, and other inferior matters. He died
at his palace of Kirk Michael in a good old
age, and lies buried in the cathedral dedica-
ted to St. German in Peel Caftle. After him
Lav/rence,
600 The HISTORY of the
Lawrence, the Archdeacon beforemen-
tioned, was elected bilhop, and after great
difputes, coufecrated by the archbifhop of
Drontheim, but was unfortunately drowned
with Harold King of Man, his Queen, and
all the nobility of the ifles ; fo that the
bifhopric continued vacant almoft fix years.
When Richard, an Englifhman was con-
fecrated at Rome by the archbifhop of Dron-
theim. This bilhop confecrated the abbey
Church of St. Mary, of Rumen, anno 1257,
after he had governed the Church twenty-
three years, and returning from a general
council, anno 1274, he died. Apud Lan-
gallyner in Copelandia, and lieth buried in
the Abbey of Furnefs. In his time the Scotch
conquered the ifland. He was fucceeded by
Marus Galvadienfis, commonly written
Galloredinus, at the nomination of Alex-
ander, King of Scotland; for which reafon
it is fuppofed he was banifhed by the Manx-
men. During his abfence, the ifland lay un-
der an interdi6t., but at laft being recalled,
he laid a fmoke penny upon every houfe by
way of commutation. He held a fynod at
Kirk-
ISLE of MAN. 601
Braddan, in which thirty-five canons were
enacted. He lived to a great age, and was
for many years blind, and lies buried in St.
German's church, in Peel-caftle, and was
fucceeded by
Mauritius, who was fent prifoner to Lon-
don by King Edward I. therefore fuppofed
never to be confecrated nor ^put into the
catalogue of bimops. In his room was fub-
ftituted
Allen, of Galloway, who governed the
church with great honour and integrity.
He died the 15th of February anno 1321,
and lies at Rotherfay, in Scotland. To him
fucceeded
Gilbert, of Galloway, who fat but two
years and a half, and lies buried near his
predeceflbr, in the church of Rotherfay a-
forefaid. And after him
Bernard, a Scotchman, held the bifhop-
ric three years, and lies buried in the mo-
naftry of Kilwining, in Scotland, and was
fucceeded by
26 4 H Thomas,
602 The HIS TORY of tlu
Thomas, a Scot, who fat bifhop Fourteen
years; he was the firft that exa&ed twenty
(hillings of' his clergy by way of procurati-
on, as likewife the tenths of all aliens. He
died the 2Oth of Sept. 1348, the fame year.
William Ruflel, . Abbot of Rumen, was
elected by the whole clergy of Man, in St.
German's church, in Peel-caftle. He was
confecrated by Pope Clement VI. at Avig-
non, and was the firil that fliook off the
yoke of the Archbifhop of Drontheim, by
whom his predeceflors had for many ages
been confecrated. He held a fynod anno
1350, in Kirk Michael, in which five arti-
cles were added to the former canons. He
died the 2ift of April, 1374, and was buried
in the Abbey ot Furnefs; he was Abbot of
Ruflien eighteeen years, and bimop twenty-
fix years. And after him
John Duncan, a Manxman, was elecled by
the clergy of Man, and going to- Avignon
was confirmed by Pope Gregory XI. and
confecrated per Cardmalem Prifujlium, du-
dum Archipifcopum; in his return home
he was made prifoner at Bolonia, in Pi-
cardy^
ISLE of MAN. 603
cardy> and lay in irons two years, and at
laft was forced to ranfom himfelf for 500
marks ; fo that he was not inftalled till
the year 1376, in which Mr. Jones' ac-
count determins he was fucceeded (as Dr.
Heylin in his help to Englifh hiftory in-
forms us) by
Robert Welby, anno 1396, who it is be-
lieved fat twenty-two years, and had for
his fucceffor
John Sperton, who is the firfl bifhop
mentioned in the Manx records ; after him
we find no bifhop named till the year 1503,
in which
Evan or Huan, who was elected by Sir
Thomas Stanley, then governor, and after-
wards Lord, from whence may be obfer-
ved the clergy's election of their bifhops
ceafed, and became fixed in the Houfe of
Stanley, where it remained till the ifland
being purchafed by the government, the
King of England is become perpetual no-
minator. This Evan was fucceeded by
4 H 2 Hugh
604 The HIS TORY of the
Hugh Hefketh, as appears by the roll of
the family of Rufford, viz. Hugh Hefketh,
third fon to Robert, Efquire, a Rev.
Father in God, the bifhop of the Ifle of
Man ; and hie jacet Robertus Hefketh,
Anniger, qui obit primo Die Jan. A. D.
1490. He was fucceeded by
Robert Ferrier, who fat bifhop anno
1554, lays Sir Richard Baker. He was,
afterwards removed to St. David's (fays
Grafton) and was fucceeded by
Henry Man, anno 1555, who died 1556,
(fays Dr. Heylin) and was fucceeded by
Bifhop Salifbury, the year uncertain ; whole
fucceffor was
Thomas Stanley, fon to Sir Edward
Stanley, nrft Lord Monteagle, how long
he fat is uncertain, but it appears by re-
cord, John Merrick was fworn Bifhop of
the Ifles, anno 1577. It was he who gave
Mr. Cambden the hiftory of the Ifle of
Man, publifhed in his Britannia. He was
fucceeded by
George
ISLE of MAN. 605
George Lloyd, anno 1600, who was af-
terwards removed to Chefter. And had
for his fucceffor
Bifhop Fofter, as Dr. Heylin in his
help to Englifh hiftory informs us. And
was fucceeded by
Dr. John Phillips anno 1605, a native
of North Wales, who was fworn bifliop
the fame year. He tranflated the Common
Prayer (at this time to be feen) into the
language of the natives; and Mr. Chal-
loner fays, the Bible, though not now ex-
tant. A man famous in his generation for
his great pains in preaching, his charity
and hofpitality, even to the meaneft of the
people. He was fucceeded by
Dr. Richard Parr, anno 1635, a Lan-
cafliire man, fometime fellow of Brazen-
Nofe College in Oxford; who whilft he
continued in the univerfity (fays Mr. Chal-
loner of his own knowledge) was an emi-
nent preacher. He was the laft who fat
bifliop before our late unhappy civil wars,
Next to him
Samuel
The HISTORY of the
Samuel Rutter was fworn bi(hop anno
i65i. He had been archdeacon feveral
years, and governed the church with great
prudence, during the late wars ; he was a
man of exemplary goodnefs and modera-
tion, and fat as bifhop till the year
1663, to whofe afliftance I am greatly
obliged for his collections and memoirs
made ufe of in my" rjrefent hiftory of the
noble Houfe of Stanley, but efpecially in
that ever memorable fiege of LATHAM;
in the defence of which he had a large
{hare. After him
Dr. Ifaac Barrow was confecrated biihop
anno 1663, and fent over governor by
Charles, EARL of DERBY. He was a man
of a public ipirit, and great defigns for the
church; to whofe induftry is greatly owing
all the learning amongft the clergy of
Man, and to whofe prudence and charity
many of the poor clergy were greatly
indebted. This good man to the great
lofs ot the ifland was removed to St.
Afaph. And was fucceeded by
Dr,
ISLE of MAN. 607
Dr. Henry Bridgeman, anno 1671. And
after him
Dr. John Lake, anno 1682, afterwards
removed to Briftol. And next to him
Dr. Baptift Levinz, anno 1684, who
died 1693. And was fucceeded by the
Reverend BjK Thomas Wilfon, who
dying in ijjjffi, the Rev. Dr. Mark Hil-
defley, fucceeded.
Dr. Claudius Crigan, is the prefent bifnop.
The Church of Man is governed under a
bifhop by an archdeacon, two vicars-ge-
neral, and (ixteen miniflers.
The militia under the governors, by three
majors and eighteen captains of pariflies,
the towns by the four eonfiables, and the
civil conftitution by two deemfters, fix coro-
ners, feventeen moars or bailiffs, with fcve-
ral inferior officers under them.
The bifhops of Alan, befides their fpiritual
jurifdiftion,
6o8 The HISTORY of the
jurifdiclion, are barons of this ifle. In all
trials for life they may affift in the temporal
court till the fentence. They hold courts
in their own names for their temporalities.
If any of their tenants are tried for life they
may demand them from the King's court,
and try them by a jury of their own tenants,
and, in cafe of conviction, the lands they
hold are forfeited to the bifnop.
The arms of the bifhopric are upon three
aflents, the VIRGIN MARY, (landing with
her arms extended .between two pillars, on
the dexter of which is a church in bafe, the
ancient arms of Man.
The archdeacon is the fecond fpiritual
magiftrate ; he has in all inferior cafes alter-
nate jurifdiftion with the bifhop; and many
other privileges, as well in temporals as fpi-
rituals : he holds his court either in perfon
or by his official, as the bifhop does his by
his vicars-general, which are always two,
one for each divifion of the ifle, and are in
the nature of chancellors to the bifhop;
thefe, with the regifters, compofe the con-
fiftory court, and have under their jurifdic-
tion, feventeen parimes. There
ISLE of MAN. 609
There were formerly many chapels in the
ifle, and there are now in each town one
(landing, as alfo one in the centre of the
land dedicated to St. John, near which, on
a little hill, they hold their tynwald court,
or public aflembly, at which their laws are
promulged on every miafunimer day Jt is
raifed with feveral afcents for the differ-
ent orders of people, and is indeed a pret-
ty curiolity.
But above all, the abbeys feem to have
exceeded the ability of the country, among
which the abbey of St. Mary of Rufhen
was the chief; it confided of twelve monks
and an abbot, who at firfl were meanly en-
dowed, and lived moftly by their labour, but
in procefs of time they had good revenues.
The buildings are very handforne, the rooms
convenient, and the chapel larger than any
(the cathedral excepted) in the ifland. It
was called the Daughter of Furnefs, which is
faid^to be the mother of this and many .other
abbeys in the ifland,
In the records thereof is found, that one
John Fargher, was abbot of Rufhen and de-
26 4 I puty-
6i o The HIS TO R Y .of the
puty-governor, and in a piece of timber, in
Kirk-arbory, which feparates the church
from the chancel, one Thomas Radcliffe,
was the abbot.
Thefe abbots were barons of the ifland, held
courts for their temporalities in their own
names, might demand a prifoner from the
King's court, if their own tenant, and try
him by a jury of their / own tenants, as the
fteward of the abbey lands may do at this
day.
The priorefs of Douglas, was a baronefs
of the ifland, and enjoyed the fame privilege.
The priory was faid to be built by St. Brid-
get, when (he came to receive the veil of vir-
ginity from St. Maughold. The fituation
of the nunnery is much the pleafantell in
the ifland.
There were likewife the friars-minors of
Beemaken, and a fmall plantation of the cif-
tertian order, Kirk-Chrift-lez-Ayre, but nei-
ther of thefe had baronies annexed to them.
There
ISLE of MAN. 611
There were likewife feveral foreign barons
as before-mentioned; but few or none of
them appear now, nor have any lands or te-
nants to reprefent.
Thus have I given my readers the hiftory,
inftitution and fettlement of this little ftate
in all its branches, civil, military and eccle-
fiaftic; with all the fubordinate officers
neceffarily employed therein, by which the
people in church and ftate are to be govern-
ed; with an hiflorical account of their Kings
and bifhops.
To conclude. The Ifle of Man is bled
with a fpeedy and impartial diftribution of
juftice : the church is filled with learned
and pious divines; and the doctrine, prac-
tice, and difcipline are ftri&ly conformable
to that of the Church of England. And
though it be as much mort of its learning,
as it is of its revenue, yet, without vanity it
may be truly faid, that in its uniformity it
out-does any branch of the reformed churches.
4 I 2 A CAT A-
A CATALOGUE OF GOVERNORS
OF THIS ISLE,
Since Sir John Stanley's time, till the year 1741;
V/ith the North and South Divijions.
JOHN Letherland, Lieutenant, 1 4 1 7
J John Fafakerley, Lieut. 1418
John Walton, Lieut. 1422
Henry Byron, Lieut. 1428
Note. I find on record from this time, till
the year 1 49 2
Peter Button. Lieut. M9&
Henry Radcliff, Abbot of Rufhen, deputy 1497
Randolph Rumton, Ca-pt. 1505
Sir John Ireland, Knight, Lieut. 1508
John Ireland, Li 1516
Randolph Rufhton, Capt. 1517
' Thomas Danifport, Capt. 1519
Richard Hole, Lieut.
John Fleming, Capt. 1 5 2 9
Thomas Sherburn, Lieut. ^53
Henry Bradley, Deputy-lieut. 2 53 2
Henry Stanley, Capt. 1533
George Stanley, Capt. 1535
Thomas Stanley, Knt. Lieut. 1537
George
ISLE of MAN. 613
George Stanley, Capt. 1 539
Thomas Tyldfley, Deputy !54
William Stanley, Deputy 1 544
Henry Stanley, Capt. 1 55 2
Thomas Stanley, Knt. Lieut. 1562,
Richard Afhton, Capt. 1566
Thomas Stanley, Knt. Lieut. 1567
Edward Tarbock, Capt. ^5^9
John Hanmer, Capt. 1 575
Richard Sherburn, Capt.
Cuth. Gerrard, Capt.
Thomas Martinier, Deputy
Note. 1591, Richard Aderton was admitted
and fworn Lieutenant under the Captain,
by my Lord's direclions for martial affairs.
The Hon. Wm. Stanley, Capt. afterwards
EARL of DERBY, 1593
Randolph Stanley, Capt.
Sir Tho. Gerrard, Knt. Capt.
Cuth. Gerrard Deputy
Thomas Gerrard, Knt. Capt. 1
Ro. Molyneux, Deputy 3
Cuth. Gerrard, Capt. . . 7J
Ro. Molyneux, Deputy 3
Rob. Molyneux, Capt. 1600
John Ireland and John Birchal, Go-"|
vernors, jointly by patent from t 1609
the King. J
John
614 The HISTORY of the
John Ireland, Lieut, and Capt.
Ro. Molyneux, Capt. 1612
Edward Fletcher, Deputy 1621
Edward Fletcher, Governor j
Sir Fred. Liege, Knt. and Capt. io\' :
Edward Fletcher, Deputy 1625
Edward Holmewood, Capt. 1626
Edward Fletcher, Deputy 1627
Edward Chriflian, Lieut, and Capt. 1628
Evan Chriflian, Deputy 1634
Sir Charles Gerrard, Knt. Capt. 1635
John Sharplefs, Deputy 1636
Radcliff Gerrard, Capt. ^39
John Greenhalgh, Governor 1640
Sir Phillip Mufgrave, Knt. and Bart. 1651
Samuel Smith, Deputy-governor, 1652
.Note. My Lord Fairfax made commiflioners
for the governing of the ifle this year, viz.
James Challoner, Robert Dinely, Efq.
Jonathan Witton, Clerk.
Matthew Cadwell, Governor 1653
William Chriftian, Governor 1656
James Challoner, Governor 1658
After
ISLE of MAN. 615
After the KING'S Restoration.
I
Roger Nowell, Governor 7 ^
Richard S.tevenfon, his Deputy \ ]
Henry Nowell, Deputy for one part "j
of the year, and Thomas Stanley > 1663
for the other part J
Bimop Barrow, Governor 7
Henry Nowell, his Deputy J
Henry Nowell, Governor 1669
Henry Stanley, Governor 1677
Robert Hey wood, Governor 1678
Roger Kenyon, Efq. Governor 1691
Colonel Sankey, Governor.
The Hon. Capt. Cranfton, Governor.
Robert Maudefley, Efq. Governor.
Capt. Alexander Horn, Governor
Major Floyd, Governor.
Thomas Horton, Efq. Governor.
The Hon. Jas. Murray, Efq. Gov. -17.^5
The North Divifion.
K. Patrick, and K. German, dedicated to'
thofe faints.
K Michael.
St Mary of Ballaugh, a parfonage.
St.
6i5 .,, The HISTORY of
St Patrick jurby. ^ / f
K. Andrew's the Axch-deaco'nrv.
f I ' t ' J A
Bride, de^Tca^rdxto^St.' 'Brilget, a par-
fohage. ' "
K. Chrift-lez-Ayre.
/
The South. Divi/icn.
f
K. Maughold, dedicated tti St. Maughold
the third biftiop.
K. Lonan, dedicated to Lomanr.s, faid by
the tradition to fucceed St. Maughoid in
the bifhppric, the Ton of Tygrida, one
of the three holy -lifters of St. Patrick,
and thought -to be the firft bifhop of Trym
-in Ireland.
K. Conchan, dedicated to Concha, fifter to
St. Martin, J3i(fet>p of Tours, and mother
to St. Patrick.
1C. Braddan, whiclWignifies a falmon, in the
Manks larlguage.
K. Marown, dedicated to that faint.
K. St. Anne.
K. Mal#\?7""de<JicatecI tct St. Lupus.
K. Arbory, dedicated to St. Columbus.
K. ChriiFRuftien.
I N I S.
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